gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracellular UDP-N-Acetylhexosamine Pool Affects N-Glycan Complexity: A Mechanism of Ammonium Action on Protein Glycosylation (1998)

Understanding the mechanisms by which ammonium ions affect glycosylation may suggest strategies for producing glycoproteins with homogeneous biological activity in the presence of undesirable byproducts of cellular energy metabolism. We have previously shown that ammonium ions cause an increase in the intracellular UDP-N-acetylhexosamine (UDPGNAc) pool, which may be responsible for the ammonium-induced increase in complexity and decrease in sialylation state of the N-linked oligosaccharide. To investigate this novel hypothesis, we induced an artificial increase in UDPGNAc pool by treating recombinant BHK cells expressing an IL-2 variant that features an artificial site for N-glycosylation, with glucosamine (1:2 molar ratio to glucose) and uridine (2 mmol L-1) in the absence of ammonium ions or glutamine. The product fractions collected during this treatment showed increased antennarity compared to product collected under control conditions. When this pool was returned to normal levels, the glycosylation pattern regained its original (control) features. However, the sialylation state remained unaffected, suggesting that the decreased sialylation observed under ammonium treatment is due to a different mechanism of action, possibly involving changes in intracellular pH. By pretreating the cells with 0.5 mmol L-1 adenosine, and exposing them continuously to NH4Cl and adenosine we were able to prevent the ammonium-induced increase in UDPGNAc. Product fractions collected during this treatment showed unchanged antennarity but decreased sialylation of the N-linked oligosaccharide, thus conclusively demonstrating that ammonium ions act on protein glycosylation by at least two independent mechanisms, one of which involves an increase in the UDPGNAc pool.
Color conceptualization (2007)

In this paper, we propose a method to manipulate colors of an image. Based on a library of natural color images, our system evolves several prototypes of color distribution of the library, which we call "color concepts". By applying these color concepts on an input image, a user can easily change the mood of image colors in a global manner. Our results of photographs and paintings indicate that this method is capable of high-quality color manipulations.
Impact of Perforations on Hydraulic Fracture Tortuosity (1999)

Summary We performed scaled model tests to study the relation between completion and treatment parameters and the near wellbore geometry for highly deviated, cased perforated wellbores. We have instrumented our casings to observe the moment fluid flow around the casing causes a signi®cant increase in the amount of pressure acting on the wall of the borehole. When fluid flow around the casing occurs extensively before fracture initiation, this leads effectively to an open hole situation at the moment of initiation. Otherwise the perforations will be the only possible initiation sites. In our experiments with a perforation phasing of 90° the perforations on top of the borehole acted in most cases as initiation sites. We performed stress calculations with a simple analytical model to understand the influence of the perforation angle on initiation pressure and fracture propagation.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Fluorescence Sensing Lipobeads for Intracellular pH Measurements (2001)

This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of micrometric phospholipid-coated polystyrene particles, named lipobeads, with pH-sensing capability and their application for intracellular pH measurements in murine macrophages. The phospholipids used to coat the particles are labeled with fluorescein (a pH-sensitive dye) and tetramethylrhodamine (a pH-insensitive dye), which serves as a referencing fluorophore for increased accuracy of the pH measurements. The synthesis of the pH-sensing lipobeads is realized by the covalent attachment of the fluorescent phospholipids to the surface of carboxylated polystyrene particles. The pH dynamic range of the sensing particles is between 5.5 and 7.0 with a sensitivity of 0.1 pH unit. The excitation light intensity is reduced to minimize photobleaching of the fluorescein-phospholipid conjugates. The fluorescent lipobeads are used to measure the pH in single macrophages. The lipobeads are ingested by the macrophages and directed to lysosomes, which are the cellular organelles involved in the phagocytosis process. Despite the high lysosomal levels of digestive enzymes and acidity, the absorbed particles remain stable for over 6 h in the cells when they are stored in a phosphate-buffered saline solution at pH 7.4.
Genome Manipulation through Site-Specific Recombination (1995)

Abstract Several DNA site-specific recombination systems have been shown to function in higher eukaryotic cells. These two-component systems consist of a single-polypeptide recombinase and a short recognition sequence of less than 35 bp. Strategic placement of the recognition sites into the plant genome has permitted the deletion, inversion, integration, and translocation of host and introduced DNA fragments. Recombinase-based strategies afford precise and predictable engineering of the plant genome.
Consultants grounded in nursing (2003)

We believe that the sweeping generalisation made by RCN general Secretary Beverly Malone (news October 79) that consultant nurses risk fracturing the nursing profession is wrong. While a minority may not view themselves as nurses, the majority are fully grounded within their nursing roots.
2′-O-Alkyloligoribonucleotides: Probes for Studying the Biochemistry and Cell Biology of RNA Processing (1993)

Chemical synthesis of 2'-O-alkyloligoribonucleotides has been developed and shown to have important applications in the study of RNA processing and the analysis of structure-function relationships in RNA molecules. Antisense oligonucleotides made of 2'-O-alkyl RNA are nuclease-resistant and form extremely stable and specific hybrids with complementary RNA target sequences. This makes them very useful probes for labelling RNAs, for functional studies on the mechanism of RNA processing reactions and for affinity chromatography of RNA-protein complexes. The use of 2'-O-alkyloligoribonucleotides thus provides an important alternative strategy to immunological methods for biochemists wishing to modify, purify, deplete, inactivate or in situ-label RNAs or RNPs. I very much hope that the work I have described here may have helped to stimulate other workers in the RNA field to consider applying these techniques to further their own research interests.
Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Carcinoma: Cancer Family Syndrome (1989)

During the past 20 years details of hundreds of families with aggregation of nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma (CRC) have been published. High frequency of CRC and some other adenocarcinomas with early age of onset, with common multiplicity and with dominant mode of genetic transmission are characteristic for this inherited disorder originally called the cancer family syndrome (CFS). It has now been shown that at least 5% of all CRCs can be classified as CFS and it constitutes a potentially important subject for family screening for CRC. About 50 CFS families have been identified in Finland and systematic family screening for CRC has been performed since 1983. Positive screening results in CFS are at least 20 to 30 times higher than in the general population of corresponding age. However, the problem of definite verification of the syndrome in the absence of a specific biomarker and difficulties in establishing continuity of the follow up once started have handicapped arrangements for nation wide screening programmes. Nevertheless, there are good reasons to identify all cases of CFS in clinical practice because this has clear implications for the surgical and follow up strategies in individual patients with CFS.
Therapeutic Effect of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> Nanoparticles Combined with Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia on Cultured Liver Cancer Cells and Xenograft Liver Cancers (2005)

The therapeutic effect of Fe2O3 nanoparticles combined with magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) on human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro and xenograft liver cancer in nude mice is studied. We examined growth and apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells treated with MFH containing Fe2O3 nanoparticles at various concentrations (2, 4, 6, and 8 g/liter) for 30-60 min by using MTT, flow cytometry (FCM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We also observed weight and volume inhibitory rates of the tumors of SMMC-7721-bearing nude mice by using animal experiments. The results showed that Fe2O3 nanoparticles combined with MFH could significantly inhibit the proliferation and increase the ratio of apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells, and the effect was dose-dependent. The inhibitory rate was 26.5%, 33.53%, 54.4%, and 81.2%, respectively, and the apoptosis rate was 30.26%, 38.65%, 50.28%, and 69.33%, respectively. Animal experiments showed that tumors became small. The weight inhibitory ratio was 42.10%, 66.34%, 78.5%, and 91.46%, and the volume inhibitory ratio was 58.77%, 80.44%, 93.40%, and 98.30%, respectively. Compared with the control and experimental groups, each group had statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). So, Fe2O3 nanoparticles combined with MFH could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells and also has a significant inhibitory effect on the weight and volume of xenograft liver cancer. However, the mechanism remains to be further investigated.
Enhanced binding of lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-treated endothelial monolayers: associations with clinical relapse and adhesion molecule expression (1996)

This study investigated the adherent properties and adhesion molecule expression of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from a total of 84 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The MNC from MS patients were significantly more adherent than cells from normal healthy subjects to endothelial monolayers pretreated with 0.01 U/ml TNF-alpha (103% increase; P = 0.002), 0.1 U/ml TNF-alpha (80% increase; P < 0.01) and 1.0 U/ml TNF-alpha (41% increase; P < 0.02), and to endothelium pretreated with 10 U/ml IL-1 beta (44% increase; P < 0.05) and 100 U/ml interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (100% increase; P < 0.05). This augmented adhesion was a property of the lymphocytes, in particular CD4+ cells, and was inversely related to the time of onset of clinical relapse. The percentage of lymphocytes bearing the adhesion molecules CD49d, CD29 and CD62L was increased in MS blood, but the level of CD29 and CD62L expression was reduced. We infer that circulating lymphocytes in MS are predisposed to cross endothelial barriers at sites where inflammation has already commenced.
A 5-HT2 receptor mediated breakdown of the blood-brain barrier permeability and brain pathology in heat stress. An experimental study using cypro-heptadine and ketanserin in young rats. (1996)

A 5-HT2 receptor mediated breakdown of the blood-brain barrier permeability and brain pathology in heat stress. An experimental study using cypro-heptadine and ketanserin in young rats.
Effect of Probiotic Bacteria on Induction and Maintenance of Oral Tolerance to β-Lactoglobulin in Gnotobiotic Mice (2003)

In this study, the effect of Lactobacillus paracasei (NCC 2461), Lactobacillus johnsonii (NCC 533) and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 (NCC 362) on the induction and maintenance of oral tolerance to bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) was investigated in mice. Germfree mice were monocolonized with one of the three strains before oral administration of whey protein to induce tolerance. Mice were then injected with BLG and sacrificed 28 or 50 days after whey protein feeding for humoral and cellular response measurement. Conventional and germfree mice were used as controls. Both humoral and cellular responses were better suppressed in conventional mice than in germfree and monoassociated mice throughout the experiment and better suppressed in L. paracasei-associated mice than in mice colonized with B. lactis or L. johnsonii. The latter two mono-associations suppressed humoral responses only partially and cellular responses not at all. This study provides evidence that probiotics modulate the oral tolerance response to BLG in mice. The mono-colonization effect is strain-dependant, the best result having been obtained with L. paracasei.
Photocyclisation of enamides. Part 14. Substituent effects in the photocyclisation of N-α,β-unsaturated acylanilides (1980)

Irradiation of N-α,β-unsaturated acylanilides [(1a–d and 1i) and (2a–f and 2h)] having various substituents on the benzene ring yielded a mixture of cis- and trans-octahydrophenanthridones (3a–f) and dihydroquinolones (5a, e, and f). The N-alkylanilides [(1e–h) and (2b–d)] having an ortho-electron-attracting group, such as CO2Me, Ac, CN, or CONH2, brought about [1,5] migration of the group to afford the trans-lactams (4a–d) and dihydroquinolones (5b–d), while anilides [(1j), (2g), and (8a–c)] having an ortho-carboxy-group afforded the decarboxylactams [(3a), (5a), (9a–c), and (10b and c)].
Ultrathin freestanding nanoporous membranes prepared from polystyrene nanoparticles (2010)

Freestanding cross-linked polystyrene nanoparticle membranes with a thickness of 80 nm and precisely controlled pores were prepared by filtering polystyrene nanoparticles on a microfiltration membrane by using a sacrificial layer of metal hydroxide nanostrands. The membranes could quickly separate small proteins and gold nanoparticles, showing surprisingly sharp cut-off properties.
Construction of a Fully Retargeted Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Recombinant Capable of Entering Cells Solely via Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (2008)

A novel frontier in the treatment of tumors that are difficult to treat is oncolytic virotherapy, in which a replication-competent virus selectively infects and destroys tumor cells. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) represents a particularly attractive system. Effective retargeting to tumor-specific receptors has been achieved by insertion in gD of heterologous ligands. Previously, our laboratory generated an HSV retargeted to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a receptor overexpressed in about one-third of mammary tumors and in some ovarian tumors. HER2 overexpression correlates with increased metastaticity and poor prognosis. Because HER2 has no natural ligand, the inserted ligand was a single-chain antibody to HER2. The objective of this work was to genetically engineer an HSV that selectively targets the HER2-expressing tumor cells and that has lost the ability to enter cells through the natural gD receptors, HVEM and nectin1. Detargeting from nectin1 was attempted by two different strategies, point mutations and insertion of the single-chain antibody at a site in gD different from previously described sites of insertion. We report that point mutations at gD amino acids 34, 215, 222, and 223 failed to generate a nectin1-detargeted HSV. An HSV simultaneously detargeted from nectin1 and HVEM and retargeted to HER2 was successfully engineered by moving the site of single-chain antibody insertion at residue 39, i.e., in front of the nectin1-interacting surface and not lateral to it, and by deleting amino acid residues 6 to 38. The resulting recombinant, R-LM113, entered cells and spread from cell to cell solely via HER2.
In Vitro Mutagenesis of Brucella Species (2010)

Three major techniques have been employed for broad-range in vitro mutagenesis of Brucella species. Shotgun approaches capable of generating large libraries of randomly inserted transposon mutants include Tn5, mariner (Himar1), and mini-Tn5 signature-tagged mutagenesis. Allelic exchange has also been extensively employed for targeted gene deletion. In general, plasmid and transposon delivery into Brucella has relied upon electroporation; however, conjugation has also been successfully employed. Both approaches have been used to identify critical virulence determinants necessary for disease and intracellular survival of the organism. Perhaps more importantly these approaches have provided an opportunity to develop attenuated vaccine candidates of improved safety and efficacy. Future experiments are designed to identify individual functions that govern the interaction between host and agent and control intracellular trafficking and survival. Toward this goal, this chapter describes current approaches used to mutagenize Brucella spp.
In Situ Assembly of Colloidal Particles into Miniaturized Biosensors (1999)

We show how to create arrays of biosensors by in situ assembly of colloidal particles onto micropatterned electrodes. Latex microspheres from suspension are collected via dielectrophoresis in the micrometer-sized gaps between planar electrodes. The assembled particulate patches are fixed by changing the colloidal interactions to induce coagulation. Immuno-active sites on the latex surfaces bind the target molecules. A direct electric conductivity readout is accomplished after secondary tagging with colloidal gold and its enhancement by silver nucleation. The method holds promise for creating disposable on-chip arrays of highly sensitive miniature sensors for specific proteins, DNA fragments, or other biomolecules.
Physically Cross-Linked Alkylacrylamide Hydrogels:  Phase Behavior and Microstructure (2004)

The volume phase transition and the microstructure of physically cross-linked hydrogels composed of either N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) or N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and 2-(N-ethylfluorooctanesulfonamido)ethyl acrylate, FOSA, were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), water swelling measurements (WS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). DSC and WS measurements showed that FOSA/NIPA gels exhibited a volume phase transition (VPT) but that the FOSA/DMA gels did not. The temperature of the VPT (TVPT) for the FOSA/NIPA gels was lower than that for the covalent NIPA gel, and TVPT decreased and the transition broadened with increasing FOSA concentration. A peak in the SAXS structure factor indicated that the hydrophobic interactions promoted nanophase separation in both gelsin the dry and hydrated states.
Telomerase downregulation induced by the G-quadruplex ligand 12459 in A549 cells is mediated by hTERT RNA alternative splicing (2004)

Ligand 12459, a potent G-quadruplex-interacting agent that belongs to the triazine series, was previously shown to downregulate telomerase activity in the human A549 lung carcinoma cell line. We show here that the downregulation of telomerase activity is caused by an alteration of the hTERT splicing pattern induced by 12459, i.e. an almost complete disappearance of the active (+alpha,+beta) transcript and an over-expression of the inactive -beta transcript. Spliced intron 6 forming the -beta hTERT transcript contained several tracks of G-rich sequences able to form G-quadruplexes. By using a specific PCR-stop assay, we show that 12459 is able to stabilize the formation of these G-quadruplex structures. A549 cell line clones selected for resistance to 12459 have been analyzed for their hTERT splicing pattern. Resistant clones are able to maintain the active hTERT transcript under 12459 treatment, suggesting the appearance of mechanisms able to bypass the 12459-induced splicing alterations. In contrast to 12459, telomestatin and BRACO19, two other G-quadruplex-interacting agents, have no effect on the hTERT splicing pattern in A549 cells, are cytotoxic against the A549-resistant clones and display a lower efficiency to stabilize hTERT G-quadruplexes. These results lead us to propose that 12459 impairs the splicing machinery of hTERT through stabilization of quadruplexes located in the hTERT intron 6. Differences of selectivity between 12459, BRACO19 and telomestatin for these hTERT quadruplexes may be important to explain their respective activity and inactivity against hTERT splicing.
Endotoxin from Haemophilus influenzae enhances IgE‐mediated and non‐immunological histamine release (1990)

Haemophilus influenza and its extracellular products (EP) did not release histamine from basophil leukocytes in cell suspensions from normal individuals, patients with chronic bronchitis or patients allergic to either house dust mite, grass pollen, cat dander or to their own bacteria. However, the EP was found to enhance their basophil histamine release. IgE-mediated histamine release was examined by stimulation of the cells with anti-IgE or the specific allergens, and non-immunological histamine release by stimulating the cells with the calcium ionophore A23187 or Staphylococcus aureus. In all the experiments EP caused a significant increase in the histamine release. When H. influenzae endotoxins were removed from the EP, the potentiating effect of EP was completely abolished, whereas heating (80 degrees C, 30 min) or treatment of EP with proteinase did not influence the potentiating effect. These results indicate that H. influenzae endotoxin potentiates histamine release caused by IgE-mediated reactions or by non-immunological mechanisms.
Expression of the human glucocerebrosidase and arylsulfatase A genes in murine and patient primary fibroblasts transduced by an adeno-associated virus vector. (1994)

We have constructed two recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors (pJJ-3GC and pJJ-3ASA) which contained either the human glucocerebrosidase (GC) or arylsulfatase A (ASA) cDNA under the control of an SV40 promoter. These plasmids were co-transfected to 293 cells with a helper plasmid containing trans-acting AAV genes required for packaging the vectors. The two recombinant vectors successfully infected murine and patient fibroblasts. The human glucocerebrosidase and arylsulfatase A genes were expressed at high levels in the cells as determined by Western blot analysis, enzyme assay and immunochemical staining. GC enzyme activity in Gaucher patient fibroblasts (GM-0877) infected by AAV-GC was 15-fold higher than in non-infected cells. ASA enzyme activity in MLD 557g cells infected by AAV-ASA was up to 500-fold higher than in the metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) control cells. Southern blotting results showed that the vector integrated 1-2 copies of pJJ-3GC and ASA in the targeted cell genome. These two vectors will be useful in studying AAV-mediated transfer of the GC and ASA genes in cells and animals.
A plaque system for study of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in adult chicken kidney cultures. (1969)

A reproducible plaque system for the assay of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (LTV) was developed using adult chicken kidney (CK) cultures and agar overlay medium. A linear relation was found between the concentration of virus inoculated and the number of plaques formed, indicating that 1 LTV particle produces 1 plaque. Maximum adsorption of LTV on CK cells was complete 2 hours after infection at 27 and 37 C. Within the next 4 hours, some of the adsorbed virus eluted from the cells. After a latent period of 12-14 hours, there was an exponential rise in virus titer which reached the peak level at around 24 hours. The peak titer was maintained until 48 hours, at which time the growth experiment was terminated. It was shown that 80.57 of the virus had been inactivated after 147 hours of incubation at 37 C. The infectivity of LTV was retained after 5 cycles of freezing and thawing; the virus titer actually increased after the first 2 cycles. Cultures of HeLa cells (line), Chang liver (line), rhesus monkey kidney (line and primary), human embryo lung (line), African green monkey kidney (primary), embryonic and adult bovine kidney (primary), and chicken fibroblasts derived from whole chicken embryos were resistant to the cytopathic effects of LTV. Primary cultures of chicken embryo lung, chicken embryo liver, chicken embryo kidney, and adult chicken kidney were readily susceptible to LTV.