gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linked Data - The Story So Far (2009)

The term “Linked Data” refers to a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web. These best practices have been adopted by an increasing number of data providers over the last three years, leading to the creation of a global data space containing billions of assertions— the Web of Data. In this article, the authors present the concept and technical principles of Linked Data, and situate these within the broader context of related technological developments. They describe progress to date in publishing Linked Data on the Web, review applications that have been developed to exploit the Web of Data, and map out a research agenda for the Linked Data community as it moves forward.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: A multifunctional nano therapeutic system (2012)

Efficient and safe drug delivery has always been a challenge in medicine. The use of nanotechnology, such as the development of nano drug delivery systems (DDS), has received great attention with high enthusiasm owing to the potential that nanocarriers can theoretically act as "magic bullets" and selectively target affected organs and cells while sparing normal tissues. The family of nano DDS includes conventional nano drug delivery materials such as lipids and polymers that have been scaled to the nanometer size range. With the rapid development of synthesis and characterization techniques for engineered nanomaterials, new DDS platforms have emerged, including inorganic based nanocarriers, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP). MSNP are able to act as a multifunctional delivery platform that is capable of delivering therapeutic elements to a variety of disease models (especially cancer) at cellular and in vivo levels. Furthermore, MSNP have shown to be exceptional delivery platforms capable of protectively packaging hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug molecules as well as other therapeutic elements for controlled on-demand delivery. In addition, MSNP have demonstrated the capability to image the delivery site for theranostic purposes. These functionalities have led to the development of MSNP as novel multifunctional nanocarriers, and therefore provide them with unique advantages compared to other nanocarriers.
Three‐color immunofluorescence analysis of leu antigens on human peripheral blood using two lasers on a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (1984)

A fluorescence-activated cell sorter was modified to quantify simultaneously three immunofluorescence stains on a population of cells. A dye laser containing rhodamine 6G was used to obtain 600 nm light to excite Texas Red coupled avidin. An argon ion laser operating at 488 nm excited both fluorescein and phycoerythrin directly conjugated antibodies. The emission from these fluorophores could be independently quantified as demonstrated by the histograms generated by samples labeled separately with each of the three stains. This three-color detection system was used to analyze human peripheral blood mononuclear cells for the expression of three antigens: Leu 2, Leu 7, and Leu 11. Upon reanalysis of the list mode data, several discrete subpopulations of lymphocytes could be identified based on the quantitative expression of these three antigens. Of particular interest in the normal sample studied was a population of dimly labeled Leu 2+ cells which were predominantly Leu 11+, a phenotype which is seen infrequently in normal individuals. This technique expands the combinations of antigens that can be studied at any one time and will facilitate the detection and functional analysis of cells in heterogeneous populations.
Role of tissue stroma in cancer cell invasion (2003)

Maintenance of epithelial tissues needs the stroma. When the epithelium changes, the stroma inevitably follows. In cancer, changes in the stroma drive invasion and metastasis, the hallmarks of malignancy. Stromal changes at the invasion front include the appearance of myofibroblasts, cells sharing characteristics with fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. The main precursors of myofibroblasts are fibroblasts. The transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is modulated by cancer cell-derived cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). TGF-beta causes cancer progression through paracrine and autocrine effects. Paracrine effects of TGF-beta implicate stimulation of angiogenesis, escape from immunosurveillance and recruitment of myofibroblasts. Autocrine effects of TGF-beta in cancer cells with a functional TGF-beta receptor complex may be caused by a convergence between TGF-beta signalling and beta-catenin or activating Ras mutations. Experimental and clinical observations indicate that myofibroblasts produce pro-invasive signals. Such signals may also be implicated in cancer pain. N-Cadherin and its soluble form act as invasion-promoters. N-Cadherin is expressed in invasive cancer cells and in host cells such as myofibroblasts, neurons, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. N-Cadherin-dependent heterotypic contacts may promote matrix invasion, perineural invasion, muscular invasion, and transendothelial migration; the extracellular, the juxtamembrane and the beta-catenin binding domain of N-cadherin are implicated in positive invasion signalling pathways. A better understanding of stromal contributions to cancer progression will likely increase our awareness of the importance of the combinatorial signals that support and promote growth, dedifferentiation, invasion, and ectopic survival and eventually result in the identification of new therapeutics targeting the stroma.
An E-M algorithm and testing strategy for multiple-locus haplotypes. (1995)

This paper gives an expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to obtain allele frequencies, haplotype frequencies, and gametic disequilibrium coefficients for multiple-locus systems. It permits high polymorphism and null alleles at all loci. This approach effectively deals with the primary estimation problems associated with such systems; that is, there is not a one-to-one correspondence between phenotypic and genotypic categories, and sample sizes tend to be much smaller than the number of phenotypic categories. The EM method provides maximum-likelihood estimates and therefore allows hypothesis tests using likelihood ratio statistics that have chi 2 distributions with large sample sizes. We also suggest a data resampling approach to estimate test statistic sampling distributions. The resampling approach is more computer intensive, but it is applicable to all sample sizes. A strategy to test hypotheses about aggregate groups of gametic disequilibrium coefficients is recommended. This strategy minimizes the number of necessary hypothesis tests while at the same time describing the structure of disequilibrium. These methods are applied to three unlinked dinucleotide repeat loci in Navajo Indians and to three linked HLA loci in Gila River (Pima) Indians. The likelihood functions of both data sets are shown to be maximized by the EM estimates, and the testing strategy provides a useful description of the structure of gametic disequilibrium. Following these applications, a number of simulation experiments are performed to test how well the likelihood-ratio statistic distributions are approximated by chi 2 distributions. In most circumstances the chi 2 grossly underestimated the probability of type I errors. However, at times they also overestimated the type 1 error probability. Accordingly, we recommended hypothesis tests that use the resampling method.
Interleukin-6 and RANTES in Takayasu Arteritis (1999)

The close correlation of serum IL-6 and RANTES levels with disease activity suggests that these cytokines contribute to vasculitic lesions in Takayasu arteritis and raises the possibility that their monitoring in serum helps clinicians find adequate treatment adjustments in individual patients.
Expression of blood group-related antigens ABH, Lewis A, Lewis B, Lewis X, Lewis Y, and CA 19-9 in pancreatic cancer cells in comparison with the patient's blood group type. (1988)

Blood group A, B, H, Le, Leb, Lex, and Ley antigenicity as well as the expression of CA 19-9 were examined in pancreatic cancer specimens from 30 patients, using monoclonal antibodies to the respective antigen and immunohistochemical techniques, and the findings were correlated with the blood group types (ABO and Lewis) of the individuals. Compatible antigen expression was found in 82, 75, and 50% of tumors from patients with A, B, and O blood group types, respectively. Deletion of the compatible antigen was found in 10 (33%) of the cases, predominantly in patients of blood group O type, and incompatible expression (of B antigen only) in 4 (13%). Lea was detected in 87%, Leb in 90%, Lex in 30%, and Ley in 43% of the specimens, regardless of ABH and Lewis phenotype of the patients. Coexpression of Lea and Leb was found in 87%, of Lex and Ley in 13%, of Lea and Lex in 23%, and of Leb and Ley in 40% of the cases. CA 19-9 was expressed in 80% of the tumors; it was present in the tumor tissue of 21 of 22 patients from Lea-b+, in all 4 individuals from Lea+b-, but in none of the 4 patients from Lea-b- phenotype (P less than 0.01). Heterogeneity in the expression of each of the antigens was found. The overall results indicate that blood group antigen expression in pancreatic tumor differs from that of other gastrointestinal cancers and that the Lewis antigen expression in pancreatic cancer cells is independent of the blood group phenotype of the patients and thus may be useful as a tumor marker.
System architecture and key technologies for 5G heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (2015)

Compared with fourth generation cellular systems, fifth generation wireless communication systems are anticipated to provide spectral and energy efficiency growth by a factor of at least 10, and the area throughput growth by a factor of at least 25. To achieve these goals, a H-CRAN is presented in this article as the advanced wireless access network paradigm, where cloud computing is used to fulfill the centralized large-scale cooperative processing for suppressing co-channel interferences. The state-of-the-art research achievements in the areas of system architecture and key technologies for H-CRANs are surveyed. Particularly, Node C as a new communication entity is defined to converge the existing ancestral base stations and act as the base band unit pool to manage all accessed remote radio heads. Also, the software-defined H-CRAN system architecture is presented to be compatible with software-defined networks. The principles, performance gains, and open issues of key technologies, including adaptive large-scale cooperative spatial signal processing, cooperative radio resource management, network function virtualization, and self-organization, are summarized. The major challenges in terms of fronthaul constrained resource allocation optimization and energy harvesting that may affect the promotion of H-CRANs are discussed as well.
Activation of Human Dendritic Cells Is Modulated by Components of the Outer Membranes ofNeisseria meningitidis (2003)

Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B is a major cause of life-threatening meningitis and septicemia worldwide, and no effective vaccine is available. Initiation of innate and acquired immune responses to N. meningitidis is likely to be dependent on cellular responses of dendritic cells (DC) to antigens present in the outer membrane (OM) of the meningococcus. In this study, the responses of human monocyte-derived DC (mo-DC) to OM isolated from parent (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-replete) meningococci and from a mutant deficient in LPS were investigated. Parent OM selectively up-regulated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression and induced mo-DC maturation, as reflected by increased production of chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and CD83, CD80, CD86, CD40, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. In contrast, LPS-deficient OM selectively up-regulated TLR2 mRNA expression and induced moderate increases in both cytokine production and expression of CD86 and MHC class II molecules. Preexposure to OM, with or without LPS, augmented the allostimulatory properties of mo-DC, which induced proliferation of naive CD4+ CD45RA+ T cells. In addition, LPS-replete OM induced a greater gamma interferon/interleukin-13 ratio in naive T cells, whereas LPS-deficient OM induced the reverse profile. These data demonstrate that components of the OM, other than LPS, are also likely to be involved in determining the levels of DC activation and the nature of the T-helper immune response.
Gene Expression Signature and the Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer by DNA Microarray (2009)

The present study suggests the possibility that gene expression profiling may be useful in predicting the presence of lymph node metastasis. Thus, gene expression profiling could help to establish individualized tailored therapy for colorectal cancer and provide insights into the development of novel therapeutic targets.
Real-Time Detection System of Driver Distraction Using Machine Learning (2013)

There is accumulating evidence that driver distraction is a leading cause of vehicle crashes and incidents. In particular, increased use of so-called in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) and partially autonomous driving assistance systems (PADAS) have raised important and growing safety concerns. Thus, detecting the driver's state is of paramount importance, to adapt IVIS and PADAS accordingly, therefore avoiding or mitigating their possible negative effects. The purpose of this paper is to show a method for the nonintrusive and real-time detection of visual distraction, using vehicle dynamics data and without using the eye-tracker data as inputs to classifiers. Specifically, we present and compare different models that are based on well-known machine learning (ML) methods. Data for training the models were collected using a static driving simulator, with real human subjects performing a specific secondary task [i.e., a surrogate visual research task (SURT)] while driving. Different training methods, model characteristics, and feature selection criteria have been compared. Based on our results, using a support vector machine (SVM) has outperformed all the other ML methods, providing the highest classification rate for most of the subjects. Potential applications of this paper include the design of an adaptive IVIS and of a “smarter” PADAS.
Oestradiol inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation of pig coronary artery (1993)

1. The effect of oestradiol 17 beta on vascular smooth muscle proliferation was examined in segments of the pig left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). It was established by cytochemical techniques that out-growth from the segments was composed of vascular smooth muscle cells. 2. [3H]-thymidine uptake by pig LAD segments was used as an index of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Nitroprusside and forskolin significantly inhibited [3H]-thymidine uptake and were used as positive controls. 3. Oestradiol 17 beta (180-360 nM) inhibited thymidine uptake by pig LAD segments (P < 0.05). The inhibition was observed only in the absence of phenol red, which is a weak oestrogen receptor agonist. The anti-oestrogens tamoxifen and its more potent metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen, both of which are partial oestrogen receptor agonists, also significantly inhibited thymidine uptake. However, pretreatment with either tamoxifen or 4-hydroxytamoxifen did not significantly block oestradiol 17 beta-induced inhibition of thymidine uptake. 4. The LAD segments bound [3H]-oestradiol 17 beta in a time-dependent manner and about 20 to 30% was displaced by an excess of unlabelled oestradiol 17 beta. Autoradiography showed [3H]-oestradiol 17 beta was evenly distributed in the cytosol and nuclei of cells in the three layers of the vessel wall. 5. The data suggest that oestradiol 17 beta inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation in porcine LAD segments, possibly through an oestrogen receptor mechanism. This in vitro effect suggests an in vivo role for oestradiol 17 beta in directly protecting coronary arteries against myointimal proliferation in premenopausal women.
Overexpression of Tropomysin-Related Kinase B in Metastatic Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2005)

These results suggest that overexpression of TrkB and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and AP-1, which may in turn induce the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8, may mediate the cardinal clinical features of locally aggressive growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Our results also imply that TrkB receptor may be a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
Efficacy of electrotactile vestibular substitution in patients with peripheral and central vestibular loss (2008)

Vestibular dysfunction of either central or peripheral origin can significantly affect balance, posture, and gait. We conducted a pilot study to test the effectiveness of training with the BrainPort balance device in subjects with a balance dysfunction due to peripheral or central vestibular loss. The BrainPort balance device transmits information about the patient's head position via electrotactile stimulation of the tongue. Head position data is sensed by an accelerometer and displayed on the tongue as a pattern of stimulation. This pattern of stimulation moves forward, backward, and laterally on the tongue in direct response to head movements. Users of the device were trained to use this stimulation to adjust their position in order to maintain their balance. Twenty-eight subjects with peripheral or central vestibular loss were trained with the BrainPort balance device and tested using the following standardized quantitative measurements of the treatment effects: Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP) using the Sensory Organization Test (SOT), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). All subjects had chronic balance problems and all but one had previously participated in vestibular rehabilitation therapy. The scores on the clinical tests upon entry into the study were compared to their scores following training with the BrainPort balance device. Our results exhibit consistent positive and statistically significant improvements in balance, posture and gait. These results exceed what could normally be achieved in three to five days of traditional balance training alone. Since this was not a controlled study, we are unable to distinguish the degree to which these improvements are attributable to training with the BrainPort balance device versus the balance exercises performed by all subjects as a part of the BrainPort training sessions. Nonetheless, after training with the BrainPort balance device, all subjects demonstrated significant improvements in performance beyond what might be expected from conventional vestibular rehabilitation therapy.
Stable benefit of embryonic stem cell therapy in myocardial infarction (2004)

Conventional therapies for myocardial infarction attenuate disease progression without contributing significantly to repair. Because of the capacity for de novo cardiogenesis, embryonic stem cells are considered a potential source for myocardial regeneration, yet limited information is available on their ultimate therapeutic value. We treated infarcted rat hearts with CGR8 embryonic stem cells preexamined for cardiogenicity, serially probed left ventricular function, and determined final pathological outcome. Stem cell delivery generated new cardiomyocytes of embryonic stem cell origin that integrated with host myocardium within infarct regions. This resulted in a functional benefit within 3 wk that remained sustained over 12 wk of continuous follow-up and included a vigorous inotropic response to beta-adrenergic challenge. Integration of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes was associated with normalized ventricular architecture, little scar, and a decrease in signs of myocardial necrosis. In contrast, sham-treated infarcted hearts exhibited ventricular cavity dilation and aneurysm formation, poor ventricular function, and a lack of response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. No evidence of graft rejection, ectopy, sudden cardiac death, or tumor formation was observed after therapy. These findings indicate that embryonic stem cells, through differentiation within the host myocardium, can contribute to a stable beneficial outcome on contractile function and ventricular remodeling in the infarcted heart.
Zymogen activation specificity and genomic structures of human neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G reveal a new branch of the chymotrypsinogen superfamily of serine proteinases. (1991)

On the basis of amino acid sequences inferred from the genes encoding human neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G, it is likely that both are synthesized as precursors containing N- and C-terminal peptide extensions. We show that these extensions are removed about 90 min after onset of synthesis of these proteins in the U937 cell line. Removal of these extensions causes activation of the proteinases, and it is likely that the N-terminal extension of each enzyme serves as a zymogen activation peptide. Elastase and cathepsin G are, therefore, transiently present as zymogens, presumably to protect the biosynthetic machinery of the cell from adventitious proteolysis. Zymogen activation results from cleavage following a glutamic acid residue, a specificity opposite to most other serine proteinase zymogens. The specificity is likely to be shared, however, by neutrophil proteinase 3, rat mast cell proteinase II, and most members of the granzyme group of proteinases present in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granules. The conservation in zymogen activation specificity between these leukocyte proteinase homologs is mirrored by the preservation of a discrete genomic organization. This suggests that most of the leukocyte serine proteinases evolved from a common ancestor distinct from the main branches of the chymotrypsinogen superfamily of serine proteinases.
Biocomputing Security System:  Concatenated Enzyme-Based Logic Gates Operating as a Biomolecular Keypad Lock (2008)

A biomolecular security system mimicking a keypad lock device was developed using enzyme-based concatenated AND logic gates resulting in the implication logic network.
U.S. Department of Energy NESHAP Annual Report CY 2012 Albuquerque New Mexico. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
The influence of job and career attitudes on learning motivation and transfer (2001)

This article examines a parsimonious model that specifies the effects of job involvement and career commitment on learning motivation and learning transfer, using structural equation modelling. The “best fitting” model is achieved because it has surpassed all the goodness‐of‐fit indices including the chi‐square statistic. The results indicated that career commitment was positively related to learning motivation and learning transfer. In addition, suppressor effect may help to explain the non‐significant relationships between job involvement and learning motivation, and between job involvement and learning transfer.