gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Initiating Cells of HER2-Positive Carcinoma Cell Lines Express the Highest Oncoprotein Levels and Are Sensitive to Trastuzumab (2009)

Here, we provide evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of trastuzumab in debulking and in targeting tumor-initiating cells of HER2-overexpressing tumors. We also propose that Notch signaling regulates HER2 expression, thereby representing a critical survival pathway of tumor-initiating cells.
Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channels: An Extended Family With Diverse Functions (1996)

An ion channel directly activated by cGMP was first discovered about ten years ago. Since then, a number of ion channels with the same property (cyclic nucleotide-activated channels) have been reported that are involved in a variety of cell functions. In addition, other channels have been found that are not primarily controlled by cyclic nucleotides but are modulated by them (cyclic nucleotide-modulated channels). These channels likewise have diverse functions and tissue distributions. Both channel classes are reviewed here. Coverage includes the cyclic-nucleotide binding site on these channels, ion permeation, pharmacological blockers, channel gating and modulation, and physiological functions of the channels.
Application of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Rapid and Non-Destructive Discrimination of Hulled Barley, Naked Barley, and Wheat Contaminated with Fusarium (2018)

<i>Fusarium</i> is a common fungal disease in grains that reduces the yield of barley and wheat. In this study, a near infrared reflectance spectroscopic technique was used with a statistical prediction model to rapidly and non-destructively discriminate grain samples contaminated with <i>Fusarium</i>. Reflectance spectra were acquired from hulled barley, naked barley, and wheat samples contaminated with <i>Fusarium</i> using near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy with a wavelength range of 1175-2170 nm. After measurement, the samples were cultured in a medium to discriminate contaminated samples. A partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) prediction model was developed using the acquired reflectance spectra and the culture results. The correct classification rate (CCR) of <i>Fusarium</i> for the hulled barley, naked barley, and wheat samples developed using raw spectra was 98% or higher. The accuracy of discrimination prediction improved when second and third-order derivative pretreatments were applied. The grains contaminated with <i>Fusarium</i> could be rapidly discriminated using spectroscopy technology and a PLS-DA discrimination model, and the potential of the non-destructive discrimination method could be verified.
Intraoperative and Postoperative Analgesia Using Intravenous Opioid, Clonidine and Lignocaine (1994)

The postoperative analgesia afforded after colonic surgery by IV opioid, clonidine and lignocaine given intra- and postoperatively was evaluated. In a double-blind randomised trial, 80 male patients scheduled for colonic resection under general anaesthesia received fentanyl 5 micrograms.kg-1 at induction and another 4 micrograms.kg-1 before skin incision (group A) or fentanyl (same dose) plus clonidine 4 micrograms.kg-1 in 20 min + 2 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 (group B, C) or fentanyl plus clonidine (same dosage) plus lignocaine 2 mg.kg-1 before skin incision, repeated before peritoneal incision and retractor placement (group D). In the four groups, intraoperative boluses of fentanyl 2 micrograms.kg-1 were given in response to the painful stimulation of the procedure. Postoperative pain was managed with PCA delivering 2 mg morphine per request in group A, 1.5 mg morphine in group B, 1.5 mg morphine + 15 micrograms clonidine in group C and 1.2 mg morphine + 15 micrograms clonidine + 23 mg lignocaine in group D. Postoperative analgesia was assessed by recording the analgesic demands (met and unmet) and the dose of morphine delivered at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 hours. Side-effects, pain and sedation analogue scores were also recorded. Analgesic demands and delivered morphine dose were reduced, at any time interval considered, in groups B, C, D, compared with A (P < 0.001). No differences were noted between the group B, C, D. Pain analogue scores were better in groups B, C, D compared with group A (P < 0.001). Sedation and side-effects were not increased in groups B, C, D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Resolution of Biphasic Binding of the Opioid Antagonist Naltrexone in Brain Membranes (1991)

In synaptosomal membranes from rat brain cortex, in the presence of 150 mM NaCl, the opioid antagonist [3H]naltrexone bound to two populations of receptor sites with affinities of 0.27 and 4.3 nM, respectively. Guanosine-5'-(3-thiotriphosphate) had little modulating effect and did not alter the biphasic nature of ligand binding. On the other hand, receptor-selective opioids differentially inhibited the two binding components of [3H]naltrexone. As shown by nonlinear least-squares analysis, the mu opioids Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(Me)Phe-Gly-ol or sufentanil abolished high-affinity [3H]naltrexone binding, whereas the delta-selective ligands [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, ICI 174,864, and oxymorphindole inhibited and eventually eliminated the low-affinity component in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that, in contrast to the guanine nucleotide-sensitive biphasic binding of opioid-alkaloid agonists, the heterogeneity of naltrexone binding in brain membranes reflects ligand interaction with different opioid-receptor types.
Isoflurane-Induced Coronary Vasodilation Is Preserved in Reperfused Myocardium (1996)

Isoflurane causes vasodilation in the coronary circulation.The present study evaluated whether this action is preserved after a brief coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion. Fourteen open-chest dogs anesthetized with fentanyl and midazolam were studied. The left anterior descending coronary artery was perfused via an extracorporeal system with normal arterial blood or with arterial blood equilibrated with 1.4% (1 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration [MAC]) isoflurane. Coronary perfusion pressure was maintained at 90 mm Hg. Coronary blood flow (CBF) was measured with a Doppler flow transducer. Steady-state changes in CBF during isoflurane, and during intracoronary infusions of acetylcholine (Ach; 20 micro gram/min), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 80 micro gram/min), an endothelium-independent vasodilator, were compared in normal myocardium and in myocardium subjected to 15 min of ischemia (due to cessation of perfusion) followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Ischemia-reperfusion had no significant effect on the increases in CBF by isoflurane (421% +/- 88% vs 388% +/- 84%) or SNP (115% +/- 18% vs 135% +/- 19%), whereas it attenuated these increases in CBF by Ach (232% +/- 38% vs 143% +/- 21%). In conclusion, a brief period of myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion did not affect the coronary vasodilating effects of isoflurane and SNP, although it blunted these effects of Ach. The present findings provide further evidence suggesting that the ability of isoflurane to relax coronary vascular smooth muscle is independent of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. (Anesth Analg 1996;82:22-8)
Mutation Nomenclature (2003)

As part of the Human Genome Variation Society (formerly known as the HUGO Mutation Database Initiative), a committee was formed to suggest standards for the description of sequence variants in DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. The committee proposed that the nomenclature should be unequivocal, precise, and short, and should prevent any possible confusion and follow existing practice as much as possible. To "spread the word," the nomenclature rules were published at regular intervals. This unit summarizes these nomenclature recommendations, which stimulated a uniform and unequivocal description of sequence variants in literature.
Bright hydrogen-light source due to a resonant energy transfer with strontium and argon ions (2002)

A plasma called a resonant transfer (rt) plasma formed with a low field (1 V cm-1), at low temperatures (e.g. ≈103 K), from atomic hydrogen generated at a tungsten filament and strontium which was vapourized by heating the metal. Strong vacuum ultraviolet emission was observed that increased with the addition of argon, but not when sodium, magnesium or barium replaced strontium or with hydrogen, argon or strontium alone. Characteristic strontium and argon emission was observed which supported a resonant-energy-transfer mechanism. Significant Balmer α line broadening corresponding to an average hydrogen atom temperature of 14, 24, and 23-45 eV was observed for strontium and argon-strontium rt plasmas and discharges of strontium-hydrogen, helium-hydrogen, argon-hydrogen, strontium-helium-hydrogen and strontium-argon-hydrogen, respectively, compared to ≈3 eV for pure hydrogen, krypton-hydrogen, xenon-hydrogen and magnesium-hydrogen. To achieve that same optically measured light output power, hydrogen-sodium, hydrogen-magnesium and hydrogen-barium mixtures required 4000, 7000 and 6500 times the power of the hydrogen-strontium mixture, respectively, and the addition of argon increased these ratios by a factor of about two. A glow discharge plasma formed for hydrogen-strontium mixtures at an extremely low voltage of about 2 V compared to 250 V for hydrogen alone and sodium-hydrogen mixtures, and 140-150 V for hydrogen-magnesium and hydrogen-barium mixtures.
Calculation of the effective refractive-index step for the metal-cladded-ridge-waveguide laser (1981)

A newly developed stripe-geometry injection laser is presented with built-in passive waveguiding produced by an effective refractive-index step between active stripe and adjoining regions. In contrast with the similar CSP laser, however, confinement of the lasing mode is achieved by metal reflection instead of excess absorption loss outside the active stripe. A model for this type of injection laser is established, and a numerical analysis of the waveguiding mechanism is performed. As a result, design curves are obtained that directly determine the technological parameters required for diode preparation.
Bioelectrical impedance as a discriminator of pressure ulcer risk. (1996)

In an effort to identify objective measures of tissue structure and function associated with pressure ulcer risk, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was measured in three progressively larger zones over the trochanter and coccyx in patients assessed at high risk for pressure ulcers (HR group) and age-matched normal controls (CONT group). Local BIA measures were significantly lower in the HR group for each individual site and zone (p < .01). Full-thickness tissue biopsies obtained from each measurement zone did not differ between groups. However, additional nutritional and metabolic parameters were significantly different (p < or = .05). These results suggest that local BIA may be useful in assessing pressure ulcer risk.
Gene transfer in lymphoid cells: expression of the Thy-1.2 antigen by Thy-1.1 BW5147 lymphoma cells transfected with unfractionated cellular DNA. (1984)

We have transferred the gene coding for the Thy-1.2 alloantigen into a Thy-1.1-bearing T-cell lymphoma. BALB/c thymocyte DNA, precipitated with calcium phosphate, was used to effect the transfer. We report the stable transformation of lymphoid cells by total cellular DNA. To our knowledge, this has not been previously reported. Transient expression of the transfected gene could be detected by flow cytofluorometry, and 5% (range, 1.5%-11%) of the recipient cells had Thy-1.2 antigen detectable on their surface 48 hr after transfer. "Stable" transformants were isolated by repeatedly selecting for cells expressing the Thy-1.2 antigen, by use of fluorescence-activated cell sorting or "panning." No metabolic selection was required. The transferred gene, detected by Southern blotting, encoded a product that is indistinguishable from the normal antigen by immunoprecipitation and NaDod-SO4/PAGE.
Polyketide and Nonribosomal Peptide Antibiotics: Modularity and Versatility (2004)

Polyketide (PK) and nonribosomal peptides (NRP), constructed on multimodular enzymatic assembly lines, often attain the conformations that establish biological activity by cyclization constraints introduced by tailoring enzymes. The dedicated tailoring enzymes are encoded by genes clustered with the assembly line genes for coordinated regulation. NRP heterocyclizations to thiazoles and oxazoles can occur on the elongating framework of acyl-S enzyme intermediates, whereas tandem cyclic PK polyether formation of furans and pyrans can be initiated by post-assembly line epoxidases. Macrocyclizations of NRP, PK, and hybrid NRP-PK scaffolds occur in assembly line chain termination steps. Post-assembly line cascades of enzymatic oxidations also create cross-linked and cyclized architectures that generate the mature scaffolds of natural product antibiotics. The modularity of the natural product assembly lines and permissivity of tailoring enzymes offer prospects for reprogramming to create novel antibiotics with optimized properties.
The Use of Bone Allografts in the Spine (1996)

Bone allografts are commonly used in spinal surgery. Structural allografts placed anteriorly in the spine may be used as interbody grafts or as strut grafts spanning multiple segments. Posterior allografts are used to supplement autologous bone for spinal fusions in patients who lack sufficient host bone and to avoid significant donor site morbidity. In this paper the authors review their experience with allograft bone in spine surgery and the results reported in the literature. In the anterior cervical spine, interbody allografts have been used most successfully in single-level fusions. For thoracolumbar deformity, posterior allograft with instrumentation gives satisfactory results in pediatric patients but yields inferior results in adults unless it is combined with an anterior fusion. Fresh-frozen allograft bone has been shown to have higher fusion rates than freeze-dried allograft; ethylene oxide-sterilized allograft has shown uniformly poor results. Structural allografts have been useful for thoracolumbar deformity in both interbody and strut-grafting procedures. In the lumbar spine, allograft has a limited role in posterolateral fusion. For anterior interbody fusions, structural allografts, such as femoral ring allografts, have been used successfully to maintain intervertebral distraction, despite delayed incorporation. Successful use of allograft bone in the spine is dependent on the type of allograft bone used, its anatomic site of fusion, and the age of the patient.
A gene encoding a thermophilic alkaline serine proteinase from Thermus sp. strain Rt41A and its expression in Escherichia coli (1995)

The extreme thermophile Thermus sp. strain Rt41A produces an extracellular alkaline serine proteinase during growth. This enzyme is stable for more than 24 h at 70 degrees C and has a pH optimum of 8.0. The proteinase gene was identified using primers designed to amplify a region between two highly conserved amino acid motifs in subtilisin-like proteinases and the PCR product was used to identify a genomic fragment containing the gene. The amino acid sequence deduced from the Rt41A gene contained a region identical to that obtained by amino-terminal sequencing of purified Rt41A proteinase. Comparison of the entire derived peptide sequence with other subtilisin-like serine proteinases revealed significant homologies, especially with aqualysin I from Thermus aquaticus YT-1 and with exoprotease A from Vibrio alginolyticus. The Rt41A proteinase was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase as an aid for purification and to overcome difficulties experienced with other plasmid vectors which produced inactive protein. The enzyme is inactive as synthesized and activation was shown to be temperature-dependent, with shorter incubation times required at higher temperatures; removal of the hydrophobic signal peptide from the start of the gene reduced the time required for activation to less than a third of that required if the signal peptide was present.
DISC1 and PDE4B Are Interacting Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia That Regulate cAMP Signaling (2005)

The disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene is a candidate susceptibility factor for schizophrenia, but its mechanistic role in the disorder is unknown. Here we report that the gene encoding phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) is disrupted by a balanced translocation in a subject diagnosed with schizophrenia and a relative with chronic psychiatric illness. The PDEs inactivate adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), a second messenger implicated in learning, memory, and mood. We show that DISC1 interacts with the UCR2 domain of PDE4B and that elevation of cellular cAMP leads to dissociation of PDE4B from DISC1 and an increase in PDE4B activity. We propose a mechanistic model whereby DISC1 sequesters PDE4B in resting cells and releases it in an activated state in response to elevated cAMP.
Preparation of fluoro- and hydroxy-4-(phosphonomethyl)-D,L-phenylalanine suitably protected for solid-phase synthesis of peptides containing hydrolytically stable analogs of O-phosphotyrosine (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of fluoro- and hydroxy-4-(phosphonomethyl)-D,L-phenylalanine suitably protected for solid-phase synthesis of peptides containing hydrolytically stable analogs of O-phosphotyrosineTerrence R. Burke Jr., Mark S. Smyth, Motoyoshi Nomizu, Akira Otaka, and Peter R. RollerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 6, 1336–1340Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00058a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00058a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views675Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Drug-induced conditioning in congestive heart failure. (1982)

Continuous 72-hour infusions of dobutamine reportedly effect sustained clinical improvement in patients with congestive heart failure. This study was designed to determine if shorter, more frequent infusions, delivered in an outpatient setting, elicit a similar response. Twenty-six patients with moderately severe congestive heart failure were randomized, 11 into a control group and 15 into a dobutamine treatment group. Baseline data were collected for 4 weeks in each group. Thereafter, the dobutamine treatment group received 4-hour infusions of dobutamine weekly for 24 weeks. Systolic time intervals, echocardiography, cardiac index and treadmill exercise tolerance were used to follow the progress of the control and dobutamine treatment groups. The ratio of preejection period to left ventricular ejection time and the cardiac index did not change significantly in either group. The velocity of circumferential fiber shortening and the percent change in the minor axis of the left ventricle during systole improved modestly (p less than 0.05) above baseline in the dobutamine group after 14 weeks of treatment and above the corresponding control values (p less than 0.05) after 22 weeks. Exercise tolerance (duration) improved 25--51% (all p less than 0.05) above baseline in the dobutamine group compared with 10--17% (all p greater than 0.05 vs baseline) in the control group. Heart rate at maximal exercise did not change significantly from baseline for either group and did not differ significantly between the two groups. Functional classification improved in 12 of 15 dobutamine treatment patients and in only two of 11 control patients (p less than 0.05). In our patients with congestive heart failure, weekly 4-hour dobutamine infusions did not elicit a major change in resting left ventricular function; however, exercise performance and clinical status improved considerably.
Inhibition by dietary menhaden oil of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors. (1999)

Studies in laboratory animals and epidemiological surveys suggest a relationship between the type and amount of dietary fat and mammary cancer. One mechanism proposed to explain this relationship is modulation by dietary fat, of mammary tumor eicosanoid levels through action at the rate limiting enzyme in eicosanoid synthesis, cyclooxygenase (COX). Until recently there have been no studies which have examined COX gene expression in human breast or rodent mammary tissues. In this study we have demonstrated the presence of two immunoreactive isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and -2), and the modulating effects of n-3 fatty acids on their expression, in N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU)-induced rat mammary tumors. Three different high fat diets were compared namely, corn oil (CO) 23%; CO 18% menhaden oil (MO) 5%; CO, 5%/MO 18%; low fat corn oil (5%) served as a control. It was found that immunoreactive COX-2 protein levels were approximately 3x higher than COX-1 levels in NMU-induced mammary tumors. Moreover, the high menhaden oil diet (rich in n-3 fatty acids) significantly suppressed both COX-1 (-28%) and COX-2 (-36%) protein levels when compared to the high corn oil diet. No differences were found among the other treatment groups when compared pair-wise or with low-fat control. The mechanism(s) by which n-3 fatty acids suppress COX-1 and COX-2 remain to be determined.
Machine Translation with Significant Word Reordering and Rich Target-Side Morphology (2011)

Abstract. This paper describes the integration of morpho-syntactic information in phrase-based and syntax-based Machine Translation systems. We mainly focus on translating in the hard direction which is translating from morphologically poor to morphologically richer languages and also between language pairs that have significant word order differences. We intend to use hierarchical or surface syntactic models for languages of large vocabulary size and improve the translation quality using two-step approach [Fraser, 2009]. The two-step scheme basically reduces the complexity of hypothesis construction and selection by separating the task of source-to-target reordering from the task of generating fully inflected target-side word forms. In the first step, reordering is performed on the source data to make it structurally similar to the target language and in the second step, lemmatized target words are mapped to fully inflected target words. We will first introduce the reader to the detailed architecture of the two-step translation setup and later its further proposed enhancements for dealing with the above mentioned issues. We plan to conduct experiments for two language pairs: English-Urdu and English-Czech. 1.