gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LNCaP model of human prostatic carcinoma. (1983)

The LNCaP cell line was established from a metastatic lesion of human prostatic adenocarcinoma. The LNCaP cells grow readily in vitro (up to 8 x 10(5) cells/sq cm; doubling time, 60 hr), form clones in semisolid media, are highly resistant to human fibroblast interferon, and show an aneuploid (modal number, 76 to 91) human male karyotype with several marker chromosomes. The malignant properties of LNCaP cells are maintained. Athymic nude mice develop tumors at the injection site (volume-doubling time, 86 hr). Functional differentiation is preserved; both cultures and tumor produce acid phosphatase. High-affinity specific androgen receptors are present in the cytosol and nuclear fractions of cells in culture and in tumors. Estrogen receptors are demonstrable in the cytosol. The model is hormonally responsive. In vitro, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone modulates cell growth and stimulates acid phosphatase production. In vivo, the frequency of tumor development and the mean time of tumor appearance are significantly different for either sex. Male mice develop tumors earlier and at a greater frequency than do females. Hormonal manipulations show that, regardless of sex, the frequency of tumor development correlates with serum androgen levels. The rate of the tumor growth, however, is independent of the gender of hormonal status of the host.
Measuring CPU overhead for I/O processing in the Xen virtual machine monitor (2005)

Abstract. Virtual Machine Monitors (VMMs) are gaining popularity in enterprise environments as a software-based solution for building shared hardware infrastructures via virtualization. In this work, using the Xen VMM, we present a light weight monitoring system for measuring the CPU usage of different virtual machines including the CPU overhead in the device driver domain caused by I/O processing on behalf of a particular virtual ma-chine. Our performance study attempts to quantify and analyze this overhead for a set of I/O intensive workloads. 1
Deconvolution of Complex NMR Spectra in Small Molecules by Multi Frequency Homonuclear Decoupling (MDEC) (2009)

A new technique to deconvolute complex 1H NMR spectra of small molecules has been developed that utilizes shape selective pulses to simultaneously decouple multiple protons. A limitation in the assignment of the relative configuration of small molecules is the ability to accurately obtain coupling constants. Other methods such as the E.COSY and the 2D J-resolved are available to obtain complicated coupling constants; the multiple homonuclear decoupling method (MDEC) described is a rapid and simple technique. Three examples of increasing spectral complexity, menthol, cholesteryl acetate and a C16 fatty acid, demonstrate the utility of the technique. Increasing the experimental utility, the single pulse MDEC experiment can be incorporated in other 1D experiments, such as a 1D-TOCSY to solve specific problems.
128× 2 Gb/s WDM PON System with a Single TDM Time Lens Source using an AlGaAs-On-Insulator Waveguide (2018)

We demonstrate a WDM-PON transmitter based on optical Fourier transformation of a single-source TDM-PON. Using a single AlGaAs on-insulator waveguide, 128 WDM-PON signals at 2 Gb/s are generated and transmitted over a 100-km unamplified link.
Advances in antibody-mediated immunity againstMycobacterium tuberculosis: implications for a novel vaccine strategy (2003)

Cell-mediated immunity is considered to be the major component of the host response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, whereas antibody-mediated immunity historically has been considered inconsequential. In recent years, studies from several groups have challenged the traditional dogma and demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies can modify various aspects of mycobacterial infections. This review describes the experimental evidence supporting a role for antibodies in defense against mycobacterial infections and outlines future challenges to the field of antibody-mediated immunity against M. tuberculosis, with particular emphasis on the implications of these findings for a novel vaccine strategy.
On the non-existence of music: Why music theory is a figment of the imagination (2010)

We argue for an approach to the theory of music which starts from the position that music is primarily a construct of human minds (and secondarily a social construct) and contrast it with the approach implicit in the work of some music theorists, which treats music as though it were an externally defined quasi-Platonic absolute. We argue that a natural conclusion of this approach is that music theory, while already being a kind of folk psychology, can benefit from being more explicitly informed by music cognition studies. We give examples from work in the computational modelling of music cognition, following our approach, which attempts to place each musical phenomenon in an ecological context motivated by evolutionary considerations, and which aims to explain musical phenomena independently of the explicit intervention of the theorist. We argue that only thus can a theory be said veridically to explicate the phenomenology of music. We place our argument in context of the Generative Theory of Tonal Music (Lerdahl &amp; Jackendoff, 1983), Generative Linguistics, and other papers in the current volume, and compare them all with results of modelling studies based on our espoused approach.
Crystal Structure of Interleukin-19 Defines a New Subfamily of Helical Cytokines (2003)

Interleukin-19 (IL-19) is a novel cytokine that was initially identified during a sequence data base search aimed at finding potential IL-10 homologs. IL-19 shares a receptor complex with IL-20, indicating that the biological activities of these two cytokines overlap and that both may play an important role in regulating development and proper functioning of the skin. We determined the crystal structure of human recombinant IL-19 and refined it at 1.95-A resolution to an R-factor of 0.157. Unlike IL-10, which forms an intercalated dimer, the molecule of IL-19 is a monomer made of seven amphipathic helices, A-G, creating a unique helical bundle. On the basis of the observed structure, we propose that IL-19, IL-20, and other putative members of the proposed IL-10 family together form a distinct subfamily of helical cytokines.
Depletion of Rictor, an essential protein component of mTORC2, decreases male lifespan (2014)

Summary Rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (m TOR ), robustly extends the lifespan of model organisms including mice. We recently found that chronic treatment with rapamycin not only inhibits m TOR complex 1 (m TORC 1), the canonical target of rapamycin, but also inhibits m TOR complex 2 (m TORC 2) in vivo . While genetic evidence strongly suggests that inhibition of m TORC 1 is sufficient to promote longevity, the impact of m TORC 2 inhibition on mammalian longevity has not been assessed. RICTOR is a protein component of m TORC 2 that is essential for its activity. We examined three different mouse models of Rictor loss: mice heterozygous for Rictor , mice lacking hepatic Rictor , and mice in which Rictor was inducibly deleted throughout the body in adult animals. Surprisingly, we find that depletion of RICTOR significantly decreases male, but not female, lifespan. While the mechanism by which RICTOR loss impairs male survival remains obscure, we find that the effect of RICTOR depletion on lifespan is independent of the role of hepatic m TORC 2 in promoting glucose tolerance. Our results suggest that inhibition of m TORC 2 signaling is detrimental to males, which may explain in part why interventions that decrease m TOR signaling show greater efficacy in females.
Outer-loop vectorization (2008)

Vectorization has been an important method of using data-level parallelism to accelerate scientific workloads on vector machines such as Cray for the past three decades. In the last decade it has also proven useful for accelerating multi-media and embedded applications on short SIMD architectures such as MMX, SSE and AltiVec. Most of the focus has been directed at innermost loops, effectively executing their iterations concurrently as much as possible. Outer loop vectorization refers to vectorizing a level of a loop nest other than the innermost, which can be beneficial if the outer loop exhibits greater data-level parallelism and locality than the innermost loop. Outer loop vectorization has traditionally been performed by interchanging an outer-loop with the innermost loop, followed by vectorizing it at the innermost position. A more direct unroll-and-jam approach can be used to vectorize an outer-loop without involving loop interchange, which can be especially suitable for short SIMD architectures.
Nonmitogenic morphoregulatory action of pp60v-src on multicellular epithelial structures. (1987)

Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells form polarized, multicellular epithelial structures in vitro. Low-level expression of pp60v-src in MDCK cells elicits plasticity in these multicellular structures. Plasticity was revealed by the displacement of cells from mechanically stressed regions of the epithelial monolayers; however, the two-dimensional relationship between the cells in the remainder of the monolayer was maintained. Electron microscopy of multicellular structures revealed abnormal separation of the lateral membranes of adjacent cells and selective uncoupling of the junctional complex; the zonula adherens was disrupted, but the zonula occludens and desmosomes were retained. Significantly, this result was not accompanied by transformation of the cells, as judged by the absence of anchorage-independent growth potential. These results demonstrate a nonmitogenic biological activity of pp60v-src which is experimentally dissociable from transformation. This morphoregulatory action on higher-order epithelial structures may reflect a function of related cellular tyrosine kinases.
Properties of Acetylated Wood Prepared at Low Temperature in the Presence of Catalysts (2009)

Abstract In the presence of catalysts such as sodium acetate, zinc chloride, magnesium perchlorate, and magnesium chloride hexahydrate, acetylation of wood at 75°C was investigated. The results showed that it was possible to endow wood with high dimensional stability at low temperature by a catalyzed acetylation method. In particular, the magnesium chloride–catalyzed acetylation of wood showed very little or no effect on the color change or mechanical property of wood, as contrasted to those of the zinc chloride or magnesium perchlorate–catalyzed treatment, which showed a great effect. In addition, the concentrations of catalysts proved to have an effect on weight percent gain.
Expression, purification, and characterization of Bacneu. A soluble protein tyrosine kinase domain encoded by the neu-oncogene. (1992)

To further characterize the structure and regulation of the tyrosine kinase encoded by the rodent neu oncogene, its cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain has been expressed as a soluble protein, called Bacneu, in Sf9 insect cells, using the baculovirus expression system. Expression of Bacneu was detected by immunoblotting with anti p185neu antisera and in vitro autophosphorylation analysis as early as 24 h postinfection. Maximal expression was observed at 48 h postinfection. The soluble kinase was purified to near homogeneity by sequential chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, phosphocellulose, poly-L-lysine, and Sephacryl 300, yielding 0.55 mg Bacneu per L of Sf9 cells (4% yield). The kinase is more active in the presence of Mn2+ compared to Mg2+ ions. The specific activity of the kinase using poly(Glu4Tyr1) as a substrate is 179 nmol/min/mg. Maximal incorporation of 1.4 mol of phosphate per mol of enzyme by autophosphorylation was found to increase the activity of the enzyme 1.5- to twofold. These results indicate that the Bacneu kinase is activated by phosphorylation. Therefore, it will be a useful reagent for characterizing the effects that phosphorylation by other cellular kinases and dephosphorylation by phosphatases have on its activity.
Chemoprevention of spontaneous endometrial cancer in female Donryu rats by dietary indole-3-carbinol. (1994)

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) present in cruciferous vegetables has been found to inhibit chemically induced neoplasms in forestomach, mammary gland, liver, and tongue in rodents. I3C is also known to induce estradiol 2-hydroxylase and reduce estrogenic activity. The current study was conducted to examine the possible inhibiting effect of I3C on spontaneous occurrence of endometrial adenocarcinoma in female Donryu rats. The high incidence of endometrial cancer in this strain of rats might be related to increased estrogen/progesterone ratio with aging. A total of 141 female Donryu rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 was given a basal diet alone throughout the study. Starting at 6 weeks of age, groups 2-4 were respectively given the diets containing 200, 500, and 1000 ppm I3C for the entire experimental period (660 days). At the termination of the experiment, the incidences of preneoplastic lesions and neoplasms in the endometrium were estimated. Also, estradiol 2-hydroxylation activity in the liver was assayed in rats fed I3C at these doses for 3 weeks. The incidences of endometrial adenocarcinoma in rats fed I3C [8 of 32 rats (25%) in group 2, 5 of 32 rats (16%) in group 3, and 5 of 35 rats (14%) in group 4] were respectively smaller than that in group 1 (12 of 32 rats, 38%). The incidence of uterine adenocarcinoma in group 4 was significantly lower than that in group 1 (P < 0.05). Dietary I3C also decreased the frequency of preneoplastic endometrial lesions (31% in groups 2-4 versus 44% in group 1). I3C exposure also inhibited the incidence of mammary fibroadenoma. Biochemical assay for estradiol 2-hydroxylation revealed that feeding of I3C significantly increased estradiol 2-hydroxylation (nmol/mg protein) compared to rats treated without I3C [0.34 +/- 0.04 in group 2, 0.53 +/- 0.13 in group 3, and 0.58 +/- 0.11 in group 4 versus 0.28 +/- 0.02 in group 1; P < 0.02, P < 0.003, and P < 0.001, respectively]. These results suggest that dietary I3C inhibits spontaneous occurrence of endometrial adenocarcinoma as well as preneoplastic lesions in Donryu rats. This chemopreventive effect of I3C may be due to its induction of estradiol 2-hydroxylation.
The Complete Map of the Ig Heavy Chain Constant Gene Region Reveals Evidence for Seven IgG Isotypes and for IgD in the Horse (2004)

This report contains the first map of the complete Ig H chain constant (IGHC) gene region of the horse (Equus caballus), represented by 34 overlapping clones from a new bacterial artificial chromosome library. The different bacterial artificial chromosome inserts containing IGHC genes were identified and arranged by hybridization using overgo probes specific for individual equine IGHC genes. The analysis of these IGHC clones identified two previously undetected IGHC genes of the horse. The newly found IGHG7 gene, which has a high homology to the equine IGHG4 gene, is located between the IGHG3 and IGHG4 genes. The high degree of conservation shared between the nucleotide sequences of the IGHG7 and IGHG4 genes is unusual for the IGHG genes of the horse and suggests that these two genes duplicated most recently during evolution of the equine IGHG genes. Second, we present the genomic nucleotide sequence of the equine IGHD gene, which is located downstream of the IGHM gene. Both the IGHG7 and IGHD genes were found to be expressed at the mRNA level. The order of the 11 IGHC genes in the IGH-locus of the horse was determined to be 5'-M-D-G1-G2-G3-G7-G4-G6-G5-E-A-3', confirming previous studies using lambda phage clones, with the exception that the IGHG5 gene was found to be the most downstream-located IGHG gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to localize the IGHC region to Equus caballus (ECA) 24qter, the horse chromosome corresponding to human chromosome 14, where the human IGH locus is found.
DNA-Methylation Analysis by the Bisulfite-Assisted Genomic Sequencing Method (2003)

The postreplicative methylation of DNA at the C5 position of cytosines is found in a broad spectrum of organisms ranging from prokaryotes to human (1). In prokaryotes the major role of cytosine C5 methylation (like adenine N6 and cytosine N4 methylation) is to protect the genome against DNA degrading nucleases (restriction/modification), whereas in many eukaryotes cytosine C5 methylation (found within CpG dinucleotides) plays a pivotal role in the control of gene expression, inactivation of repetitive sequences, stability of chromosomes, and in cell transformation leading to development of cancer. The growing evidence that the cytosine methylation is also crucial in embryonic development of mammals regulating genomic imprinting, X inactivation and cell differentiation (2) has caused a demand for effective methods that would detect this modification with high sensitivity and reliability.
Link peptide cartilage growth factor is degraded by membrane proteinases (2000)

The peptide DHLSDNYTLDHDRAIH (Link N), cleaved from the N-terminus of the link protein component of cartilage proteoglycan aggregates by the action of stromelysin, can act as a growth factor and stimulate synthesis of proteoglycans and collagen in articular cartilage [McKenna, Liu, Sansom and Dean (1998) Arthritis Rheum. 41, 157-161]. The mechanism by which this biologically active peptide is degraded and inactivated was investigated using U937 monocytes as a model cell. Time-course experiments showed that two major proteases, an initial serine proteinase followed by a metalloproteinase, acted in sequence. Analysis of the resulting fragments showed that the serine endopeptidase cleavage was at the Leu3-Ser4 bond to produce the peptide SDNYTLDHDRAIH. The terminal serine could then be removed from the resulting peptide by an aminopeptidase. A second metallopeptidase liberated the peptides SDNYTL or DNYTL from DHDRAIH by cleavage at the Leu9-Asp10 bond. The DNYTL peptide intermediate was degraded too rapidly to allow sequencing and sequential aminopeptidase cleavages removed further amino acids from the N-terminus of the remaining DHDRAIH peptide. The identical patterns of breakdown that occurred when either whole cells or purified plasma membranes were used indicated that proteolysis and inactivation of Link N was carried out entirely by membrane-associated enzymes.
Hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to ethylene glycol on a Cu/SiO2/cordierite monolithic catalyst: Enhanced internal mass transfer and stability (2011)

Abstract The design and application of a Cu/SiO 2 ‐based monolithic catalyst for hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) to ethylene glycol (EG) is presented. The catalyst was dip‐coated on cordierite with highly dispersed Cu/SiO 2 slurry prepared by ammonia evaporation method. This structure guarantees high dispersion of copper species within the mesopores of silica matrix in the form of copper phyllosilicate. The catalyst is low cost, stable, and exhibits high activity in the reaction of hydrogenation of DMO, achieving a 100% conversion of DMO and more than 95% selectivity to EG. Notably, STY EG over the monolith is significantly enhanced compared to the packed bed Cu/SiO 2 catalysts in both forms of pellet and cylinder. It is primarily due to the relatively short diffusive pathway of the thin wash‐coat layer and high efficiency of the active phase derived from the monolithic catalyst. Theoretical results indicated that the internal mass transfer is dominated on the catalysts of pellet and cylinders. Moreover, the monolithic catalyst possessed excellent thermal stability compared to the pellet catalyst, which is attributed to the regular channel structure, uniform distribution of flow. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Intelligent Energy Management Agent for a Parallel Hybrid Vehicle—Part I: System Architecture and Design of the Driving Situation Identification Process (2005)

This two part paper proposes an intelligent energy management agent (IEMA) for parallel hybrid vehicles. IEMA incorporates a driving situation identification component whose role is to assess the driving environment, the driving style of the driver and the operating mode of the vehicle using long and short term statistical features of the drive cycle. This information is subsequently used by the torque distribution and charge sustenance components of IEMA to determine the power split strategy, which is shown to lead to enhanced fuel economy and reduced emissions. In Part I, the overall architecture of IEMA is presented and the driving situation identification process is described. It is specifically shown that a learning vector quantization (LVQ) network can effectively determine the driving condition using a limited duration of driving data. The overall performance of the system under a range of drive cycles is discussed in the second part of this paper.
Increased interleukin 12 production in progressive multiple sclerosis: Induction by activated CD4+T cells via CD40 ligand (1997)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system postulated to be a cell-mediated autoimmune disease in which interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) plays an important role. There is increased IFN-gamma secretion in MS, and IFN-gamma administration induces exacerbations of disease. We found that interleukin 12 (IL-12) was responsible for raised IFN-gamma secretion in MS as anti-IL-12 antibodies reversed raised anti-CD3-induced IFN-gamma in MS patients to normal levels. Furthermore, we found a marked increase in T cell receptor-mediated IL-12 secretion in progressive MS patients vs. controls (24.8 +/- 7.7 pg/ml vs. 1.5 +/- 1.0 pg/ml, P = 0.003) and vs. relapsing-remitting patients (3.7 +/- 1.4 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Investigation of the cellular basis for raised IL-12 demonstrated that T cells from MS patients induced IL-12 secretion from non-T cells, and that T cells from MS patients could even drive non-T cells from normal subjects to produce increased IL-12. Anti-CD40 ligand antibody completely blocked IL-12 secretion induced by activated T cells, and we found increased CD40 ligand expression by activated CD4+ T cells in MS patients vs. controls. The CD40 ligand-dependent Th1-type immune activation was observed in the progressive but not in the relapsing-remitting from of MS, suggesting a link to disease pathogenesis and progression and providing a basis for immune intervention in the disease.
Immunochemistry in practice (1982)

Immunochemistry in practice , Immunochemistry in practice , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (1997)

Research on pathogenic and nonpathogenic anti-DNA antibodies has shown that the charge and affinity for double-stranded DNA may not be adequate predictors of their pathogenicity. In turn, anti-DNA-induced renal damage could be caused by differences in fine specificities. Penetration of anti-double-stranded DNA monoclonal antibodies into live cells appears to require DNA or a DNA-like membrane receptor. Anti-U1 ribonucleoproteins penetrate live cells and induce apoptosis. HLA-DRB1*1501 or HLA-DRB1*1503, DQA1*0102, and DQB1*0602 haplotypes were increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with anti-ribosomal protein P (anti-P) antibodies, particularly in whites, blacks, and Mexican-Americans. Anti-Ro/Sjögren's syndrome antigen A antibodies had a strong predictive diagnostic value for systemic lupus erythematosus among patients positive for antinuclear antibodies and negative for double-stranded DNA but had no utility among those positive for both antinuclear antibodies and anti-DNA antibodies. True antiphospholipid murine monoclonal antibodies display an unusual number of cationic residues in the H-chain CD3 region, whereas anti-beta 2-glycoprotein-I monoclonal antibodies lack them. The association of IgG anti-beta 2-glycoprotein-I with a history of thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus has been largely confirmed. Apoptotic thymocytes bind antiphospholipid antibodies in a beta 2-glycoprotein-I-dependent manner and may constitute a source of immunogen in autoimmune disease.