gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurodynamics of Relapse Prevention: A Neuronutrient Approach to Outpatient DUI Offenders (1990)

The central nervous system rewarding properties of ethanol, cocaine, and heroin may activate a common catecholaminergic reward system in the mesolimbic circuitry of the brain. Driving-under-the-influence (DUI) offenders with either alcohol- or cocaine-related problems were studied. The neuronutrients SAAVE and Tropamine significantly reduced relapse rates and enhanced recovery in these DUI outpatient offenders over a 10-week period. Follow-up on both the SAAVE and Tropamine groups after 10 months revealed a 73% and a 53% overall recovery rate, respectively. These clinical results favor the use of these neuronutrients as adjuncts to psychological therapeutic modalities.
Construction and optimization of a family of genetically encoded metabolite sensors by semirational protein engineering (2005)

Abstract A family of genetically‐encoded metabolite sensors has been constructed using bacterial periplasmic binding proteins (PBPs) linearly fused to protein fluorophores. The ligand‐induced conformational change in a PBP allosterically regulates the relative distance and orientation of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐compatible protein pair. Ligand binding is transduced into a macroscopic FRET observable, providing a reagent for in vitro and in vivo ligand‐measurement and visualization. Sensors with a higher FRET signal change are required to expand the dynamic range and allow visualization of subtle analyte changes under high noise conditions. Various observations suggest that factors other than inter‐fluorophore separation contribute to FRET transfer efficiency and the resulting ligand‐dependent spectral changes. Empirical and rational protein engineering leads to enhanced allosteric linkage between ligand binding and chromophore rearrangement; modifications predicted to decrease chromophore rotational averaging enhance the signal change, emphasizing the importance of the rotational freedom parameter κ 2 to FRET efficiency. Tighter allosteric linkage of the PBP and the fluorophores by linker truncation or by insertion of chromophores into the binding protein at rationally designed sites gave rise to sensors with improved signal change. High‐response sensors were obtained with fluorescent proteins attached to the same binding PBP lobe, suggesting that indirect allosteric regulation during the hinge‐bending motion is sufficient to give rise to a FRET response. The optimization of sensors for glucose and glutamate, ligands of great clinical interest, provides a general framework for the manipulation of ligand‐dependent allosteric signal transduction mechanisms.
Managing intravascular catheter-related infections in heart transplant patients (2011)

Until confirmatory data are obtained, present guidelines for diagnosing, managing and preventing CR-BSI can be applied to heart transplant patients. We would nevertheless highlight that the additional precautions should be taken of broader empiric antimicrobial therapy followed by longer duration treatment in these patients.
Comparative analysis of brain protection by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists after transient focal ischemia in cats (1997)

NMDA receptor activation during reperfusion may contribute to the progression of injury in ischemic border regions after 90 mins of transient focal ischemia in the cat. At the doses chosen, there appear to be no major differences in therapeutic efficacy for competitive and noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists.
Low-rank matrix completion with noisy observations: A quantitative comparison (2009)

We consider a problem of significant practical importance, namely, the reconstruction of a low-rank data matrix from a small subset of its entries. This problem appears in many areas such as collaborative filtering, computer vision and wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we focus on the matrix completion problem in the case when the observed samples are corrupted by noise. We compare the performance of three state-of-the-art matrix completion algorithms (OptSpace, ADMiRA and FPCA) on a single simulation platform and present numerical results. We show that in practice these efficient algorithms can be used to reconstruct real data matrices, as well as randomly generated matrices, accurately.
Systemic siRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing (2004)

Our data demonstrate the efficacy of systemically administered siRNA as a therapeutic modality in experimental pancreatic cancer. This novel therapeutic strategy may be applicable to a broad range of cancers and warrants investigation in patients with refractory disease.
Transport limitations in tunneling spectroscopy ofGe(111)c(2×8)surfaces (2004)

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy is used to study $p$-type $\mathrm{Ge}(111)c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8)$ surfaces at temperatures between 7 and 61 K and over a wide range of tunnel currents. The spectral feature arising from Ge rest atoms is found to shift in voltage with increasing tunnel current. A comparison of the current dependence of the results with electrostatic computations of tip-induced band bending yields poor agreement. A model is discussed in which the observed shift in the rest-atom state arises from an accumulation of nonequilibrium carriers at the surface.
Biologically Active 1-Aminodeoxy and 1-O-Alkyl Derivatives of The Powerful D-Glucosidase Inhibitor 2,5-Dideoxy-2,5-Imino-D-Mannitol (2000)

ABSTRACT By an Amadori rearrangement of easily available 5-azido-5-deoxy-D-glucofuranose with dibenzylamine and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation of the resulting 5-azido-1-(N,N-dibenzyl)amino-1,5-dideoxy-D-fructopyranose, 1-amino-1,2,5-trideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol was obtained in only two steps and in excellent overall yield. Likewise, other amines were employed to introduce extended side chains ultimately suitable for attachment of the inhibitor to solid supports. The reported rearrangement reaction is a high yielding, convenient and apparently general entry to 1-aminodeoxyketopyranoses modified at C-5, facilitated by the ring enlargement of the aldofuranose to the ketopyranose as an additional driving force. A range of selected chain extended analogues was prepared by acylation of N-1. Inhibitors obtained exhibit K i-values with D-glucosidases in the micromolar range. Interestingly, 1-N-acylation resulted in superior inhibitory activities, as did the addition of a hexyl chain.
Studies on hyaluronidase, chondroitin sulphatase, proteinase and phospholipase secreted by Candida species (1996)

We studied the ability of different Candida species to produce, at the same time, hyaluronidase, chondroitin sulphatase, proteinase, and phospholipase to assess whether they could be related to Candida pathogenicity. Only C. albicans was able to produce the four enzymes tested (73%) and was highly virulent to mice. Strains, that lack the capacity to produce one or more of the enzymes assayed, seemed less virulent or avirulent, similarly to the spontaneous hyaluronidase, chondroitin sulphatase, phospholipase and proteinase-deficient C. albicans strain FCF 14, 1 which was non-pathogenic to mice. Among the other Candida species tested, none of them produced the four enzymes simultaneously, being less virulent in intravenously inoculated mice.
General Method for Plasmid Construction Using Homologous Recombination (1999)

We describe a general method for plasmid assembly that uses yeast and extends beyond yeast-specific research applications. This technology exploits the homologous recombination, double-stranded break repair pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to join DNA fragments. Synthetic, double-stranded "recombination linkers" were used to "subclone" a DNA fragment into a plasmid with > 80% efficiency. Quantitative data on the influence of DNA concentration and overlap length on the efficiency of recombination are presented. Using a simple procedure, plasmids were shuttled from yeast into E. coli for subsequent screening and large-scale plasmid preps. This simple method for plasmid construction has several advantages. (i) It bypasses the need for extensive PCR amplification and for purification, modification and/or ligation techniques routinely used for plasmid constructions. (ii) The method does not rely on available restriction sites, thus fragment and vector DNA can be joined within any DNA sequence. This enables the use of multifunctional cloning vectors for protein expression in mammalian cells, other yeast species, E. coli and other expression systems as discussed. (iii) Finally, the technology exploits yeast strains, plasmids and microbial techniques that are inexpensive and readily available.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Indolylthiadiazolines and Indolylisoxazolines. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
EXPRESSION OF CATION EXCHANGER NHE AND ANION EXCHANGER AE ISOFORMS IN PRIMARY HUMAN BONE‐DERIVED OSTEOBLASTS (1998)

The authors used isoform-specific antibodies against cation (NHE) and anion (AE) exchange isoforms in order to establish their specific expression and localization in dispersed human bone-derived cells. Immunocytochemical preparations of permeabilized osteoblasts probed with polyclonal antibodies were optically analysed by conventional immunofluorescence and con-focal laser scanning microscopy. These techniques demonstrated the abundant presence of epitopes of the cation exchangers NHE1 and NHE3 and the anion exchanger AE2 in these cells. The NHE1 and NHE3 isoform proteins were predominantly located in subplasmalemmal and nucleoplasmic vesicles. The AE2 isoform was densely localized to a subcellular location characteristic of the Golgi complex. The molecular identity of the AE and NHE isoforms was investigated by RT-PCR that confirmed the presence of NHE1 and NHE3 transcripts in addition to NHE4. RT-PCR and diagnostic restriction analysis of amplified AE cDNA established preferential AE2 expression. Since AE2 has been shown to act as a sulfate transporter at low pH, it is possible that it performs this function in the osteoblast Golgi complex where sulfation reactions occur post-translationally on numerous extracellular matrix macromolecules prior to secretion and mineralization. The Na(+)/H(+)exchanger proteins are regulated by mitogenic and non-mitogenic stimuli in the osseus environment and are involved in the large fluxes of ions and protons that necessarily occur during bone formation and resorption and thus play an important role in intracellular ion homeostasis in osteoblasts.
Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W135 Disease (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent report by Brandstetter et al (1981;246:2060) of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>serogroup W135 disease in adults included two patients who had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who were receiving corticosteroids. In most cases, susceptibility to meningococcal disease is due to a selective deficiency of antibody against the infecting strain; there have been little data to support the concept that generalized immunoglobulindeficiency<sup>1</sup>or immunosuppressive drugs predispose to meningococcal disease. However, deficiencies in IgM<sup>2</sup>or IgA<sup>3</sup>and splenectomy (possibly related to low serum IgM levels) may increase susceptibility. I described<sup>4</sup>four patients who had meningococcemia caused by serogroup W135. Three of these patients had immunoglobulin deficiency and one had been receiving chlorambucil and prednisone because of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Another immunocompromised patient with multiple myeloma and serogroup W135 pneumonia has been described recently.<sup>5</sup>In addition, a seventh immunocompromised patient in whom W135 bacteremia
Red wine antioxidant resveratrol‐modified cardiac stem cells regenerate infarcted myocardium (2010)

To study the efficiency of maintaining the reduced tissue environment via pre-treatment with natural antioxidant resveratrol in stem cell therapy, we pre-treated male Sprague-Dawley rats with resveratrol (2.5 mg/kg/day gavaged for 2 weeks). After occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), adult cardiac stem cells stably expressing EGFP were injected into the border zone of the myocardium. One week after the LAD occlusion, the cardiac reduced environment was confirmed in resveratrol-treated rat hearts by the enhanced expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and redox effector factor-1 (Ref-1). In concert, cardiac functional parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening) were significantly improved. The improvement of cardiac function was accompanied by the enhanced stem cell survival and proliferation as demonstrated by the expression of cell proliferation marker Ki67 and differentiation of stem cells towards the regeneration of the myocardium as demonstrated by the enhanced expression of EGFP 28 days after LAD occlusion in the resveratrol-treated hearts. Our results demonstrate that resveratrol maintained a reduced tissue environment by overexpressing Nrf2 and Ref-1 in rats resulting in an enhancement of the cardiac regeneration of the adult cardiac stem cells as demonstrated by increased cell survival and differentiation leading to cardiac function.
Adjacent vertebral failure after vertebroplasty (2002)

Vertebroplasty, which is the percutaneous injection of bone cement into vertebral bodies has recently been used to treat painful osteoporotic compression fractures. Early clinical results have been encouraging, but very little is known about the consequences of augmentation with cement for the adjacent, non-augmented level. We therefore measured the overall failure, strength and structural stiffness of paired osteoporotic two-vertebra functional spine units (FSUs). One FSU of each pair was augmented with polymethyl-methacrylate bone cement in the caudal vertebra, while the other served as an untreated control. Compared with the controls, the ultimate failure load for FSUs treated by injection of cement was lower. The geometric mean treated/untreated ratio of failure load was 0.81, with 95% confidence limits from 0.70 to 0.92, (p &lt; 0.01). There was no significant difference in overall FSU stiffness. For treated FSUs, there was a trend towards lower failure loads with increased filling with cement (r 2 = 0.262, p = 0.13). The current practice of maximum filling with cement to restore the stiffness and strength of a vertebral body may provoke fractures in adjacent, non-augmented vertebrae. Further investigation is required to determine an optimal protocol for augmentation.
Purification and structure of exendin-3, a new pancreatic secretagogue isolated from Heloderma horridum venom (1990)

An amino-terminal histidyl structure (His1) is characteristic of most peptides in the glucagon superfamily. An assay for His1 peptides performed by amino-terminal amino acid sequencing was used to screen venom from the Gila monster lizard, Heloderma horridum. Two His1 peptides were identified: helospectin and a new His1 peptide that has been named exendin-3 to indicate that it is the third peptide to be found in an exocrine secretion of Heloderma lizards which has endocrine activity, the first two being helospectin (exendin-1) and helodermin (exendin-2). In the lot of H. horridum venom tested, exendin-3 was 5-10-fold more abundant in molar concentration than helospectin. The structure of exendin-3 was analyzed by amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry. Exendin-3 is a 39-amino acid peptide with a mass of 4200. It contains a carboxyl-terminal amide and has a strong homology with secretin at its amino-terminal 12 amino acids. The complete structure of exendin-3 is His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala- Val-Arg - Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro- Ser- amide. It is 32 and 26% homologous with helospectin and helodermin, respectively. It has greatest homology with glucagon (48%) and human glucagon-like peptide-1 (50%). Exendin-3 (3 microM) stimulated increases in cellular cAMP and amylase release from dispersed guinea pig pancreatic acini.
Making radiance and irradiance caching practical: adaptive caching and neighbor clamping (2006)

Radiance and irradiance caching are efficient global illumination algorithms based on interpolating indirect illumination from a sparse set of cached values. In this paper we propose an adaptive algorithm for guiding spatial density of the cached values in radiance and irradiance caching. The density is adapted to the rate of change of indirect illumination in order to avoid visible interpolation artifacts and produce smooth interpolated illumination. In addition, we discuss some practical problems arising in the implementation of radiance and irradiance caching, and propose techniques for solving those problems. Namely, the neighbor clamping heuristic is proposed as a robust means for detecting small sources of indirect illumination and for dealing with problems caused by ray leaking through small gaps between adjacent polygons.
Protein Kinase Cζ Is Required for Oleic Acid-Induced Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 by Intestinal Endocrine L Cells (2006)

Long-chain, monounsaturated fatty acids (FAs) stimulate secretion of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from the intestinal L cell. Because the atypical protein kinase C (PKC), PKCzeta, is involved in FA signaling in many cells, the role of PKCzeta in FA-induced GLP-1 secretion was investigated, using the murine GLUTag L cell line and primary rat intestinal L cells. GLUTag cells expressed mRNA for several PKC isoforms, including PKCzeta, and PKCzeta protein was localized throughout the cytoplasm in GLUTag and primary L cells as well as normal mouse and rat L cells. Treatment with oleic acid (150-1000 microm) for 2 h increased GLP-1 secretion (P < 0.001), and this was abrogated by the PKCzeta inhibitor ZI (P < 0.05) and PKCzeta small interfering RNA transfection (P < 0.05) but not inhibition of classical/novel PKC isoforms. Although most PKCzeta was localized in the particulate compartment of GLUTag cells, oleate treatment did not alter PKCzeta levels or activity in this cell fraction. GLUTag cells expressed mRNA for the Gq-coupled FA receptor GPR120; however, oleic acid did not induce any changes in Akt, MAPK, or calcium, and pretreatment with LY294002 and PD98059 to inhibit phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and MAPK, respectively, did not prevent the effects of oleic acid. Finally, GLUTag cells also released GLP-1 in response to arachidonic acid (P < 0.001) but were not affected by other long-chain FAs. These findings demonstrate that PKCzeta is required for oleic acid-induced GLP-1 secretion. This enzyme may therefore serve as a therapeutic target to enhance GLP-1 release in type 2 diabetes.
Design Considerations for a CO-Powered Distributed-Drop PCM Station Carrier (1982)

A 24 channel pulse code modulation (PCM) station carrier system has been developed which is powered by the repeatered DS-1 span line and also possesses distributed-drop capability. These features were realized by bridge powering the span line repeaters and efficient power utilization at the subscriber terminals. The design philosophy behind this unique system capability is given along with an operational description of some key circuit designs. The resulting system offers unusual flexibility and very low per-channel cost. Even though the span line termination and powering is selfcontained, the system occupies about half the rack space of comparable systems. The system described is among the first to provide the qualities of digital transmission with the application versatilities and cost of analog station carrier.
The effects of GC Tooth Mousse on cervical dentinal sensitivity: A controlled clinical trial (2010)

Purpose: The clinical problem of cervical dentinal hypersensitivity (CDS) can be managed by strategies that occlude patent dentine tubules exposed to the oral environment, or that reduce the excitability of pulpal nerves. Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial with 89 subjects (53 from private practice and 36 from public sector dental clinics) compared the therapeutic effect of a 10% CPP-ACP creme (GC Tooth Mousse) applied topically each night before retiring in conjunction with a conventional dentifrice twice daily, to the twice daily use of an established potassium nitrate dentifrice (Colgate Sensitive). Treatments were used over 6 weeks, and this was followed by a 4 week washout period. CDS responses to 4 types of stimuli were self-rated using a visual-analogue scale at 4, 6, and 10 weeks, and a composite CDS score calculated. All data were analyzed in a blinded manner. Results: The two treatment groups were well matched with no significance difference in baseline scores. In both the CPP-ACP and potassium nitrate groups, when compared with their relevant baseline values, CDS scores were reduced significantly at 4 weeks when assessed using a repeated measures ANOVA (P<0.02). This effect was sustained at 6 weeks, and across the ensuing 4 week washout period. At all time points, there was no significant difference between the two treatment groups. The reduction in CDS scores was more pronounced in public sector dental patients than in those drawn from private practice. Conclusions: Despite differences in their apparent mechanisms of action, both CPP-ACP creme and the potassium nitrate dentifrice gave similar clinically useful reductions in CDS.
Evaluation of state-of-the-art pupil detection algorithms on remote eye images (2016)

Eye movements are a powerful source of information as well as the most intuitive form of interaction. Although eye-tracking technology is still in its infancy, it offers the greatest potential for novel communication solutions and applications. Whereas head-mounted eye-trackers are widely used in research, several applications require most unintrusive eye tracking, ideally realized by means of a single, low-cost camera placed away from the subject. However, such remote devices usually provide low resolution images and pose several challenges to gaze position estimation. The key challenge in such a scenario is the robust detection of the pupil center in the recorded image. We evaluated eight state-of-the-art algorithms for pupil detection on three manually labeled data sets recorded in remote tracking scenarios. Among the evaluated algorithms, ElSe [6] proved to be the best performing approach on overall 3202 images from remote eye tracking, which include changing illumination, occlusion, head movements, and off-axial camera position. In addition, we contribute a new data set with 445 annotated images, recorded in a fixed setup with a low cost camera capable of using natural and infrared light.
Some insertion reactions of platinum hydrido-complexes with olefins: hydrolysis of platinum–carbon σ-bonds (1973)

The insertion of olefins into the Pt–H bond of trans-PtH(NO3)(PEt3)2 occurs via preliminary substitution of nitrate by olefin, and the intermediate trans-[PtH(C2H4)(PEt3)2]BPh4 has been isolated. Butadiene and allene give π-allylic complexes and cyclo-octa-1,5-diene and norbornadiene give enyl-systems. Whereas PhN:CH·CH:CHPh gives [PtH(PhN:CH·CH:CHPh)(PEt3)2]BPh4 with no insertion, CH2:CHCOMe gives [Pt(CH2·CH2·-COMe)(PEt3)2]BPh4, the Pt–C σ-bond of which is readily hydrolysed to give [Pt2(OH)2(PEt3)4]2+ and ethyl methyl ketone.