gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting the Neonatal Fc Receptor for Antigen Delivery Using Engineered Fc Fragments (2008)

The development of approaches for Ag delivery to the appropriate subcellular compartments of APCs and the optimization of Ag persistence are both of central relevance for the induction of protective immunity or tolerance. The expression of the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, in APCs and its localization to the endosomal system suggest that it might serve as a target for Ag delivery using engineered Fc fragment-epitope fusions. The impact of FcRn binding characteristics of an Fc fragment on in vivo persistence allows this property to also be modulated. We have therefore generated recombinant Fc (mouse IgG1-derived) fusions containing the N-terminal epitope of myelin basic protein that is associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in H-2(u) mice. The Fc fragments have distinct binding properties for FcRn that result in differences in intracellular trafficking and in vivo half-lives, allowing the impact of these characteristics on CD4(+) T cell responses to be evaluated. To dissect the relative roles of FcRn and the "classical" FcgammaRs in Ag delivery, analogous aglycosylated Fc-MBP fusions have been generated. We show that engineered Fc fragments with increased affinities for FcRn at pH 6.0-7.4 are more effective in delivering Ag to FcRn-expressing APCs in vitro relative to their lower affinity counterparts. However, higher affinity of the FcRn-Fc interaction at near neutral pH results in decreased in vivo persistence. The trade-off between improved FcRn targeting efficiency and lower half-life becomes apparent during analyses of T cell proliferative responses in mice, particularly when Fc-MBP fusions with both FcRn and FcgammaR binding activity are used.
Altered T-cell receptor + CD28-mediated signaling and blocked cell cycle progression in interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor-β–treated alloreactive T cells that do not induce graft-versus-host disease (2001)

The induction of anergy in T cells, although widely accepted as critical for the maintenance of tolerance, is still poorly understood at the molecular level. Recent evidence demonstrates that in addition to blockade of costimulation using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against cell surface determinants, treatment of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) cultures with interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) results in induction of tolerance, rendering alloreactive murine CD4(+) T cells incapable of inducing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after in vivo transfer to histoincompatible recipients. The present study, using these cells prior to adoptive transfer, determined that IL-10 + TGF-beta-tolerant CD4(+) T cells exhibit an altered pattern of T-cell receptor (TCR) + CD28-mediated signaling and are incapable of progressing out of the G(1) phase of the cell cycle during stimulation with HLA class II disparate antigen-presenting cells. TGFbeta + IL-10-tolerant cells were incapable of phosphorylating TCR-zeta, or activating ZAP-70, Ras, and MAPK, similarly to T-cell tolerized by blockade of B7/CD28 and CD40/CD40L pathways. Moreover, these cells were incapable of clonal expansion due to defective synthesis of cyclin D3 and cyclin A, and defective activation of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)4, cdk6, and cdk2. These cells also exhibited defective down-regulation of p27(kip1) cdk inhibitor and lack of cyclin D2-cdk4 activation, Rb hyperphosphorylation, and progression to the S phase of the cell cycle. These data link anergy-specific proximal biochemical alterations and the downstream nuclear pathways that control T-cell expansion and provide a biochemical profile of IL-10 + TGF-beta-tolerant alloreactive T cells that do not induce GVHD when transferred into MHC class II disparate recipients in vivo.
Improving spoken language translation by automatic disfluency removal: evidence from conversational speech transcripts (2007)

Machine translation of spoken language has made significant progress in recent years, however, translation quality is still limited due to specific idiosyncrasies of spoken language; including the lack of well-formed sentences and the presence of disfluencies. In this paper, we investigate the effect of disfluencies on Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) and introduce an Automatic Disfluency Removal scheme as a pre-processing step prior to translation. On Broadcast Conversation (BC) transcripts the proposed approach demonstrates that up to 8% relative improvement in BLEU can be obtained via Automatic Disfluency Removal. Furthermore, we show that the detrimental effect of disfluencies on SMT differs across disfluency types.
Virus-triggered immune suppression in mice caused by virus-specific cytotoxic T cells. (1988)

Normal mice infected with 10(5) infectious doses of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV, WE isolate) generated a reduced or no T cell-independent IgM and/or T cell-dependent IgG response to a subsequent vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana (VSV-IND) injection; this transient immune suppression lasted for weeks to months. Connatally infected LCMV-carrier mice or acutely infected T cell-deficient nude mice had normal anti-VSV IgM and IgG or IgM responses respectively. LCMV-infected nude mice transfused with helper cell-depleted LCMV-specific immune spleen cells were immunosuppressed. Normal mice infected with LCMV but treated with a rat anti-CD8 mAb (that had been shown previously to eliminate cytotoxic T cells in vivo) and then infected with VSV exhibited a normal anti-VSV IgM and IgG response. Since no IFN-alpha or -beta was detected on, or after, day 6 of LCMV infection, neither LCMV alone, nor IFN induced by it caused the observed immune suppression; the presented evidence suggests that LCMV-immune CD8+ T cells were responsible for it. It is conceivable that a similar pathogenesis where virus-specific cytotoxic T cells may destroy virus-infected cells essentially involved in an immune response (APC, T helper cells, etc.) may be involved in other virally triggered immune suppression or in AIDS.
β-Ketoacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Synthase III (FabH) Is a Determining Factor in Branched-Chain Fatty Acid Biosynthesis (2000)

A universal set of genes encodes the components of the dissociated, type II, fatty acid synthase system that is responsible for producing the multitude of fatty acid structures found in bacterial membranes. We examined the biochemical basis for the production of branched-chain fatty acids by gram-positive bacteria. Two genes that were predicted to encode homologs of the beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III of Escherichia coli (eFabH) were identified in the Bacillus subtilis genome. Their protein products were expressed, purified, and biochemically characterized. Both B. subtilis FabH homologs, bFabH1 and bFabH2, carried out the initial condensation reaction of fatty acid biosynthesis with acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) as a primer, although they possessed lower specific activities than eFabH. bFabH1 and bFabH2 also utilized iso- and anteiso-branched-chain acyl-CoA primers as substrates. eFabH was not able to accept these CoA thioesters. Reconstitution of a complete round of fatty acid synthesis in vitro with purified E. coli proteins showed that eFabH was the only E. coli enzyme incapable of using branched-chain substrates. Expression of either bFabH1 or bFabH2 in E. coli resulted in the appearance of a branched-chain 17-carbon fatty acid. Thus, the substrate specificity of FabH is an important determinant of branched-chain fatty acid production.
Culture of Normal Human Leukocytes (1967)

Rapidly growing and apparently permanent cultures were established from hematopoietic cells from two staff members with no known malignant disease. The cell lines were similar to those derived from leukocytes from the peripheral blood of patients with malignancies of either hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic origin and to the lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from Burkitt's lymphoma. Both cell lines contained a herpetic-like virus (leukovirus), produced immunoglobulins, and grew rapidly in various suspension cultures.
Protein Biomarkers of New-Onset Cardiovascular Disease (2014)

Proteomics profiling identified single- and multiple-marker protein panels that are associated with new-onset ASCVD and may lead to a better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Our findings include many novel protein biomarkers that, if externally validated, may improve risk assessment for MI and ASCVD.
Catalysis in Biodiesel Production by Transesterification Processes‐An Insight (2009)

Biodiesel is the mono‐alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable lipid feedstock, such as vegetable oils and animal fats, for use in compression ignition (diesel) engines. The conversion of component triglycerides in oils to simple alkyl esters with short chain alcohols like methanol and ethanol amongst others is achieved mainly by transesterification. The transesterification reaction, a reversible process proceeds appreciably by the addition of catalysts, which can be acidic, basic or organic in nature, usually in molar excess of alcohol. The economy of the process depends on the type and quantity of catalyst used among other factors. The catalyst can be homogeneous or heterogeneous depending on whether it is in the same or different phase with the reactants; oils and alcohols. This paper attempts to give an insight into some of the various types of catalysts that have been used to effect the transesterification of vegetable, waste and animal oils in biodiesel production.
IMAP4 IDLE command (1997)

The Internet Message Access Protocol [IMAP4] requires a client to poll the server for changes to the selected mailbox (new mail, deletions). It's often more desirable to have the server transmit updates to the client in real time. This allows a user to see new mail immediately. It also helps some real-time applications based on IMAP, which might otherwise need to poll extremely often (such as every few seconds). (While the spec actually does allow a server to push EXISTS responses aysynchronously, a client can't expect this behaviour and must poll.)
Adaptive Key Frame Selection Wyner-Ziv Video Coding (2005)

In Wyner-Ziv video coding, efficient compression is achieved by exploiting source statistics at the decoder only, which is radically different from conventional video coding. The performance of a Wyner-Ziv video codec is greatly dependent on the quality of reconstructed side information, which is an estimation version of current frame. Therefore the correlation between Wyner-Ziv (WZ) frame and key frame implicitly affects the performance of a Wyner-Ziv video codec. In this paper, an adaptive key frame selection method is proposed. Firstly, a simply interest points detector is utilized to detect interest points of a video frame. Then, a kind of interest points based measure, which could represent the correlation between video frames, is performed. If the number of different interest points between two video frames is below a threshold, then it should be transmitted as a key frame, otherwise as a WZ frame. Our experimental results are promising. About 1 dB gain in the quality of reconstructed frames has been achieved
Reorganization of actin filament bundles in living fibroblasts. (1984)

We investigated how actin bundles assemble, disassemble, and reorganize during cell movement. Living chick embryonic fibroblasts were microinjected with actin molecules that had been fluorescently labeled with tetramethylrhodamine. We found that the fluorescent analogue of actin can be used successfully by both existing and newly formed cellular structures. Using time-lapse photography coupled to image-intensified fluorescence microscopy, we were able to detect various patterns of reorganization in motile cells. Assembly of stress fibers occurred near both the leading and the trailing ends of the cell. The initial structure appeared as discrete spots that subsequently extended into stress fibers. The extension occurred unidirectionally. The site of initiation near the leading edge remained stationary relative to the substrate during subsequent cell advancement. However, the orientation of the fiber could change according to the direction of cell movement. In addition, existing stress fibers could merge or fragment. The shortening of stress fibers can occur from either end of the fiber. Shortening from the proximal end (centrifugal shortening) was accompanied by a decrease in fluorescence intensity, as if the bundle were disassembling, and usually led to the total disappearance of the bundle. Shortening from the distal end (centripetal shortening), on the other hand, is usually accompanied by an increase in fluorescence intensity at the distal end of the bundle, as if this end had pulled loose from its attachment and retracted toward the center of the cell. Besides stress fibers, arc-like actin bundles have also been detected in spreading cells. These observations can explain how the organization of actin bundles coordinates with cell movement, and how stress fibers reach a highly regular pattern in static cells.
Predictive thermal management for hard real-time tasks (2006)

Dynamic thermal management (DTM) techniques help a system to operate within a safe range of temperature by reducing the performance of the CPU dynamically when the system is too hot. Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) and localized toggling are both DTM techniques. DVS is easier to use for real-time systems since the performance degradation can be controlled accurately so that tasks are still meeting their deadlines. Localized toggling changes architectural configurations of a CPU to a less optimized setting. Its performance degradation is harder to measure and to control accurately. In this paper, we propose a method which applies various localized toggling techniques to real-time systems while still able to meet task deadlines. Our method activates DTM when the temperature over the execution of a job is predicted to be too high at the start time. When DTM is activated, our method measures the performance degradation of different toggling techniques during the slack time to select the most effective technique and still be able to meet deadline. We use instructions per cycle (IPC) as the performance measure. Our method is evaluated on the SimpleScalar CPU simulator with Wattch, the energy simulator, and HotSpot, the thermal model.
Hypothermia in the Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis (1967)

A hypothermic unit was used to reduce and control extreme hyperpyrexia in two patients with acute pancreatitis. Both survived. Recent experiences by others using hypothermia in the treatment of experimental pancreatitis give us a rational explanation for the good response in both patients. The encouraging results obtained with a hypothermic unit as a basic therapeutic modality in severe cases of pancreatitis warrant additional clinical trials.
RNA Molecules That Specifically and Stoichiometrically Bind Aminoglycoside Antibiotics with High Affinities (1996)

RNA aptamers had previously been selected which were able to bind to the aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin with high affinity (Wang & Rando, 1995). Consensus sequences are found in a variety of constructs, and these sequences were mapped to stem-loop regions by Mfold secondary structure prediction. A tobramycin-based affinity cleavage reagent specifically cleaves the aptamers in their consensus regions. A fluorescence depolarization method is developed to accurately measure the affinity and stoichiometry of aminoglycoside binding to RNA constructs. An RNA aptamer (J6RNA) selected to bind to the aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin is shown to do so with an affinity of 0.77 nM and a stoichiometry of 1:1. (Fluorescently labeled) 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine tobramycin (CRT) is used as a ligand in the fluorescence depolarization studies. J6RNA binding is quite specific for tobramycin, and weakly binds structurally related aminoglycosides with affinities 10(3)-10(4)-fold lower than that for tobramycin. Specific aminoglycoside binding aptamers of this type should be useful for revealing the rules of RNA-aminoglycoside recognition.
Co-stimulation of T cell proliferation by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (1991)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) exhibits diverse regulatory roles in the immune system and has been described as a potent inhibitor of lymphocyte and hemopoietic progenitor cell growth. The present studies investigated the effects of TGF-beta 1 on murine T cell proliferation triggered through the T cell receptor/CD3 complex. In contrast to previously reported T cell growth inhibition, TGF-beta 1 costimulated splenic T cell proliferation in the presence of immobilized anti-CD3 antibody 2C11, with maximal effect at anti-CD3 concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. Although TGF-beta 1 induced a modest increase in IL-2R display, TGF-beta 1 co-stimulated proliferation was largely independent of IL-2 and/or IL-4. Anti-IL-2 and/or anti-IL-4 antibody did not significantly block the TGF-beta 1 co-stimulated T cell growth, and no IL-2 or IL-4 bioactivity was detected in TGF-beta 1 co-stimulated cultures. TGF-beta 1 did not enhance IL-2 mRNA expression beyond control levels. However, TGF-beta 1 co-stimulation caused an accelerated evolution of a memory or mature T cell population phenotype. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets were significantly enriched for cells of the mature CD45RBloPgp-1hi phenotype, in comparison with T cells stimulated by anti-CD3 alone or with PMA, and CD8+ T cells predominated. These results thus provide initial evidence that TGF-beta 1 is capable of bifunctional T cell growth regulation, which occurs largely via an IL-2- and IL-4-independent pathway.
Integrated multimedia messaging concepts and applications (1996)

Article Free Access Share on Integrated multimedia messaging concepts and applications Authors: Arturo Pizano Siemens Corporate Research, Multimedia Technology and Video Department, Princeton, NJ Siemens Corporate Research, Multimedia Technology and Video Department, Princeton, NJView Profile , Tai-Yuan Hou Siemens Corporate Research, Multimedia Technology and Video Department, Princeton, NJ Siemens Corporate Research, Multimedia Technology and Video Department, Princeton, NJView Profile Authors Info & Claims SAC '96: Proceedings of the 1996 ACM symposium on Applied ComputingFebruary 1996 Pages 12–16https://doi.org/10.1145/331119.331129Published:18 February 1996Publication History 2citation493DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads493Last 12 Months70Last 6 weeks13 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Identification and characterization of a new gene of Escherichia coli K-12 involved in outer membrane permeability. (1989)

Using a genetic selection for mutations which allow large maltodextrins to cross the outer membrane of Escherichia coli in the absence of the LamB maltoporin, we have obtained and characterized two mutations that define a new locus of E. coli. We have designated this locus imp for increased membrane permeability. Mapping studies show that the imp gene resides at approximately 1.2 min on the E. coli chromosome. The mutations alter the permeability of the outer membrane resulting in increased sensitivity to detergents, antibiotics and dyes. The mutations are nonreverting and codominant. Genetic analysis of the mutations suggest that the imp gene is an essential gene. We describe a general cloning strategy that can be used to clone both dominant and recessive alleles. Using this technique, we have cloned the wild-type and mutant imp alleles onto a low copy number plasmid.
Spatial and Spectral Imaging of Single Micrometer-Sized Solvent Cast Fluorescent Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Sensing Particles (2000)

Microscale plasticized PVC particles doped with hydrophobic ionophores are prepared by solvent evaporation of aqueous suspensions of sensing cocktails (poly(vinyl chloride), plasticizer, active sensing components, and tetrahydrofuran) and tested as particulate microoptical sensors. The particles contain either only the chromoionophore ETH 2458 as active reagent or the potassium ionophore BME-44, chromoionophore ETH 5294, and lipophilic anionic sites NaTFPB. The former system functions according to an anion-hydrogen ion coextraction mechanism and shows a Hofmeister anion selectivity pattern, while the latter sensor containing additional ionophores represents the more complex, truly selective optical sensors based on ion-exchange equilibria. Single microspheres are simultaneously characterized spatially and spectrally by fluorescence microscopy, coupled to a spectrometer equipped with a CCD detector. The results indicate that these microspheres respond in complete analogy to traditional thin-film-based optodes previously reported in the literature. The introduction of small, spherical ionophore-based sensing particles that operate on the basis of bulk extraction principles holds the promise of significantly expanding the available chemical palette of microsphere-based analytical assays.
Effect of a topical diclofenac solution for relieving symptoms of primary osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial (2004)

This topical diclofenac solution can provide safe, site-specific treatment for osteoarthritic pain, with only minor local skin irritation and minimal systemic side effects.
Theoretical Analysis of Current Distribution in Porous Electrodes (1962)

General equations describing the behavior of porous electrodes are developed. These equations are used to determine the initial and the steady‐state conditions in one‐dimensional porous electrodes of uniform geometry and polarization parameters. In particular, it is shown that the current and reaction distributions in the depth of the electrode are strongly influenced by the type of activation polarization and by mass transport of the reacting ionic species, in addition to the effective conductivities of the two phases. It is found that a linear approximation to a Tafel curve leads to an inadequate description of actual behavior when the reaction is distributed nonuniformly in the depth of the electrode.
Prostate Cancer Immunology: Biology, Therapeutics, and Challenges (2005)

A number of recently developed and promising approaches to antitumoral immunotherapy are being investigated as potential treatments for advanced prostate cancer. These approaches largely revolve around strategies to increase antigen-specific T-cell activation against prostate tumors as well as precise manipulations of critical co-regulatory receptors that help to maintain and prolong the activity of antigen-presenting cells and T cells that are capable of mediating tumor regression. Herein, we describe the experience with the most recent and promising approaches pertaining to prostate cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, we discuss the mechanistic basis for these approaches as well as current limitations that must still be addressed in order to propel immunotherapy into the forefront of prostate cancer treatment.