gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seasonal abundance of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella, in figs and the effect of peripheral aerosol dispensers on sexual communication (2004)

We used flight traps baited with unmated female navel orangeworm Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to examine, over two growing seasons, seasonal changes in the abundance of males in fig orchards and the impact of release of 48 mg per ha per day of the pheromone component (Z,Z)-11,13-hexadecadienal from peripherally-located timed-release dispensers on the ability of males to find unmated females within 16-ha treatment plots. Material was placed out and mating disruption was commenced at the beginning of April in the first year, and at the beginning of July the second year. This technique effectively prevented males from finding females in female-baited traps placed throughout the plot. Navel orangeworm abundance was high in figs during the first and third flight, but lower in June and July during the second flight. Since Calimyrna figs are not susceptible to attack by navel orangeworm until mid-to-late July, these findings suggest that materials cost can be reduced by beginning treatment later. Implications for insect pest management in figs and other California crops are discussed.
Effect of Syngas Composition and CO2-Diluted Oxygen on Performance of a Premixed Swirl-Stabilized Combustor (2007)

Future energy systems based on gasification of coal or biomass for co-production of electrical power and fuels may require gas turbine operation on unusual gaseous fuel mixtures. In addition, global climate change concerns may dictate the generation of a CO2 product stream for end-use or sequestration, with potential impacts on the oxidizer used in the gas turbine. In this study the operation at atmospheric pressure of a small, optically accessible swirl-stabilized premixed combustor, burning fuels ranging from pure methane to conventional and H2-rich and H2-lean syngas mixtures is investigated. Both air and CO2-diluted oxygen are used as oxidizers. CO and NOx emissions for these flames have been determined from the lean blowout limit to slightly rich conditions (ϕ ∼ 1.03). In practice, CO2-diluted oxygen systems will likely be operated close to stoichiometric conditions to minimize oxygen consumption while achieving acceptable NOx performance. The presence of hydrogen in the syngas fuel mixtures results in more compact, higher temperature flames, resulting in increased flame stability and higher NOx emissions. Consistent with previous experience, the stoichiometry of lean blowout decreases with increasing H2 content in the syngas. Similarly, the lean stoichiometry at which CO emissions become significant decreases with increasing H2 content. For the mixtures investigated, CO emissions near the stoichiometric point do not become significant until ϕ > 0.95. At this stoichiometric limit, CO emissions rise more rapidly for combustion in O2–CO2 mixtures than for combustion in air.
The Effect of Collagen on Platelet Glycolysis and Nucleotide Metabolism (1968)

S ummary . Glycolytic activity and nucleotide metabolism were studied in normal resting platelets and platelets exposed to collagen. Lactate production was found to be a more sensitive index of glycolytic activity than glucose consumption. In the presence of added glucose, the rate of lactate production was linear for at least 60 minutes. In the absence of glucose, lactate production continued for 60 minutes and appeared to be independent of glucose for the first 10–15 minutes. Addition of both collagen and pure tropocollagen to the platelet suspension produced a significant and constant increase in glycolytic rate. This was associated with release of ATP and ADP and a small but significant increase in total ATP. Addition of ADP in concentrations similar to those released by collagen had no effect on glycolytic activity. Addition of calcium ions produced release of nucleotides but no increase in glycolytic rate. EDTA inhibited glycolysis both in the resting platelets and in the presence of collagen. It is suggested that the stimulation of glycolysis by collagen may be due to the action of collagen on one or more rate‐limiting glycolytic enzymes.
DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of Escherichia coli. II. A novel complex including the gamma subunit essential for processive synthesis. (1988)

Processive DNA synthesis, a property of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of Escherichia coli, was not achieved by combining the pol III core (alpha, epsilon, and theta subunits) and the beta and gamma subunits. An activity that restored processivity to these subunits was found in crude extracts and was overproduced 4-fold in cells with plasmids amplifying the tau and gamma subunits. Purified to homogeneity, the activity, assayed by reconstitution of processivity, was represented by five polypeptides which were copurified. Judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, these correspond to the known subunits gamma (52 kDa) and delta (35 kDa) and to three new polypeptides: delta' (33 kDa), chi (15 kDa), and psi (12 kDa). The five polypeptides form a tight complex with a native molecular weight of about 200 kDa and a subunit stoichiometry of two gamma subunits to one each of the others. Processive DNA synthesis, now achieved with only three components (pol III core, beta, and the auxiliary complex), provides the opportunity to assess the functions of each and the contribution that the remaining auxiliary tau subunit makes to reconstitute a holoenzyme.
Wave-front reconstruction using a Shack–Hartmann sensor (1992)

An analysis of the problem of wave-front reconstruction from Shack-Hartmann measurements is presented. The wave-front aberration is assumed to result from passage of the wave front through Kolmogorov turbulence. Limitations of using Zernike polynomials as an orthogonal basis for wave-front reconstruction are highlighted, and the advantage of using the Karhunen-Loeve functions for computing the higher-order modes of the wave front is shown.
HIV-associated tuberculosis in developing countries: clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. (1992)

This article reviews the clinical aspects and diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis in developing countries, and summarizes WHO's recommendations for treatment. According to WHO estimates (early 1992) over 4 million persons worldwide have been infected with HIV and tuberculosis; 95% of them are in the developing countries. Clinical features of HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis in adults are frequently atypical, particularly in the late stage of HIV infection, with non-cavitary disease, lower lobe infiltrates, hilar lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion. More typical post-primary tuberculosis with upper lobe infiltrates and cavitations is seen in the earlier stages of HIV infection. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is reported more frequently, despite the difficulties in diagnosing it. WHO's recent guidelines recommend 6-month short-course chemotherapy with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis. The older 12-month regimen without rifampicin is much less effective. Streptomycin should not be used, because of the risk of transmitting blood-borne pathogens through contaminated needles. Thioacetazone should be abandoned, because of severe adverse reactions observed among HIV-infected patients. The roles of preventive chemotherapy and BCG vaccination for prevention of tuberculosis are also briefly discussed.
Circulation Control and Its Application to Extreme Short Take-Off and Landing Vehicles (2007)

Circulation Control is a high-lift method discovered in 1935 when Henry Coanda accidentally stumbled upon the technology. Research was conducted in the 1970’s and 1980’s to develop this technique, but the idea fell out of vogue until recently. Energy is introduced into the flow field by means of a jet ejected tangentially from a slot located near the trailing edge of the airfoil; thus changing the effective chamber of the airfoil and increasing lift. Extreme Short Take-Off and Landing (ESTOL) vehicles can use this technology to alleviate today’s congested airports by reutilizing the small runways that are currently unexploited due to the recent trend of bigger aircraft. By examining the angle-of-attack, flap deflection angle, and jet blowing coefficient, a design space was analyzed for lift and drag revealing three-dimensional lift coefficients up to 3.5. After collecting the data, balanced field length and landing distances were calculated. These results revealed that the shortest balanced field length of 2,400 feet would be for a flap deflection angle of thirty degrees and a blowing coefficient equal to 0.35. Similarly, the shortest landing distance was calculated to be 2,000 feet for a flap deflection angle of ninety degrees and a blowing coefficient of 0.34. Both of these values fall within the NASA defined mission requirements 46 for an ESTOL aircraft to have a balanced field length and landing distance between 2,000 to 3,000 feet, proving Circulation Control to be an extremely viable resource for ESTOL technology.
Highly Active Pd(II) PCP-Type Catalysts for the Heck Reaction J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 11687−11688 (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTHighly Active Pd(II) PCP-Type Catalysts for the Heck Reaction J. Am. Chem. Soc.1997, 119, 11687−11688Manuela Ohff, Andreas Ohff, Milko E. van der Boom, and David MilsteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 13, 3273Publication Date (Web):March 19, 1998Publication History Published online19 March 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja985501nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja985501ncorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views521Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (20 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Two related Epstein-Barr virus membrane proteins are encoded by separate genes (1989)

The structures of the 2.3- and 2.0-kilobase Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mRNAs, partially encoded within the EcoRI J fragment DNA of the viral genome, were determined by analysis of their cDNAs. Both mRNAs are transcribed across the fused terminal repeats of the EBV episome and consist of nine exons. The mRNAs are transcribed from different promoters and have a unique 5' exon from the U5 region of the genome but eight common exons from the U1 region. One principal open reading frame is present in each mRNA and is predicted to encode 54,000- and 40,000-dalton integral membrane proteins. This result was confirmed by in vitro translation of RNAs in the presence of canine pancreatic microsomes. The 2.3-kilobase mRNA is not expressed in Raji cells, owing to the deletion of the 5' regulatory and coding region of this gene, whereas neither mRNA is expressed in Namalwa cells, owing to inactivation as a result of integration of the EBV genome via the terminal repeats. Since these mRNAs are readily detected in largely latently infected cells and do not increase in abundance with EBV replication, these putative latent-infection membrane proteins are tentatively designated LMP-2A and LMP-2B, respectively.
The androgen receptor transactivation domain: the interplay between protein conformation and protein–protein interactions (2003)

The AR (androgen receptor) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and directly regulates patterns of gene expression in response to the steroids testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Sequences within the large N-terminal domain of the receptor have been shown to be important for transactivation and protein-protein interactions; however, little is known about the structure and folding of this region. Folding of the AR transactivation domain was observed in the presence of the helix-stabilizing solvent trifluorethanol and the natural osmolyte TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide). TMAO resulted in the movement of two tryptophan residues to a less solvent-exposed environment and the formation of a protease-resistant conformation. Critically, binding to a target protein, the RAP74 subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIF, resulted in a similar resistance to protease digestion, consistent with induced folding of the receptor transactivation domain. Our current hypothesis is that the folding of the transactivation domain in response to specific protein-protein interactions creates a platform for subsequent interactions, resulting in the formation of a competent transcriptional activation complex.
Saudi Variant of Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency (1992)

We describe eight patients with multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD, or Austin's disease) who differ phenotypically from classic neonatal-, childhood-, or juvenile-onset MSD. The age of onset was in childhood. The patients presented with somatic and facial features of mucopolysaccharidosis reminiscent of Maroteaux-Lamy and Morquio syndromes. They differed from classic MSD by the presence of corneal cloudiness, macrocephaly, severe dysostosis multiplex, and gibbus and the absence of ichthyosis, retinal degeneration, severe deafness, severe mental retardation, and dementia. The main neurologic presentation was cervical cord compression due to axis abnormalities. Despite neuroradiologic evidence of white-matter changes, neurologic presentation was not like metachromatic leukodystrophy. The sulfatase deficiencies were more marked than in the classic juvenile form of MSD, but less marked than in the classic childhood-onset form of MSD. Steroid sulfatase activity was spared except in one patient. This Saudi variant of MSD accounts for 5% of all lysosomal storage diseases in the Cell Repository Registry of our Inborn Errors of Metabolism Laboratory.
Soluble and insoluble signals and the induction of bone formation: molecular therapeutics recapitulating development (2006)

The osteogenic molecular signals of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, the bone morphogenetic/osteogenic proteins (BMPs/OPs) and uniquely in primates the TGF-beta isoforms per se, pleiotropic members of the TGF-beta supergene family, induce de novo endochondral bone formation as a recapitulation of embryonic development. Naturally derived BMPs/OPs and gamma-irradiated human recombinant osteogenic protein-1 (hOP-1) delivered by allogeneic and xenogeneic insoluble collagenous matrices initiate de novo bone induction in heterotopic and orthotopic sites of the primate Papio ursinus, culminating in complete calvarial regeneration by day 90 and maintaining the regenerated structures by day 365. The induction of bone by hOP-1 in P. ursinus develops as a mosaic structure with distinct spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression of members of the TGF-beta superfamily that singly, synergistically and synchronously initiate and maintain tissue induction and morphogenesis. The temporal and spatial expressions of TGF-beta1 mRNA indicate a specific temporal transcriptional window during which expression of TGF-beta1 is mandatory for successful and optimal osteogenesis. Highly purified naturally derived bovine BMPs/OPs and hOP-1 delivered by human collagenous bone matrices and porous hydroxyapatite, respectively, induce bone formation in mandibular defects of human patients. By using healthy body sites as bioreactors it is possible to recapitulate embryonic developments by inducing selected biomaterials combined with recombinant proteins to transform into custom-made prefabricated bone grafts for human reconstruction. The osteogenic proteins of the TGF-beta superfamily, BMPs/OPs and TGF-betas, the last endowed with the striking prerogative of inducing endochondral bone formation in primates only, are helping to engineer skeletal reconstruction in molecular terms.
A taxonomy of musical genres (2000)

The recent progress of Electronic Music Distribution creates a natural pressure for fine-grained musical metadata. This metadata is needed to provide music distribution services which are able to cope with the mere size of music catalogues, and the desire of users to access music titles by similarity. In this context, we describe a project of a global music title metadatabase, and focus in the particular descriptor. We analyze existing taxonomies of musical genre as found in the music industry and on the Internet, and stress on their inconsistencies. We describe a novel music genre taxonomy based on a few guiding principles, and report on the process of building this taxonomy.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1991)

Journal Article REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access Celebrando J. S. Bach: Atti delle celebrazioni in onore di S. Bach nel 300° anniversario delta nascita (Como 20. 12.1985–19.1.1986). Ed Giovanni Conti pp. 73. ( Centro Studi e Ricerche Musicali, Comune di Como, 1989.) Bach und die italienische Musik/Bach e la musica italiana. Ed Wolfgang Osthoff & Reinhard Wiesend pp. 220. ‘Quaderni’, xxxvi. ( Centro Tedesco di Studi Veneziani, Venice, 1987.) MALCOLM BOYD MALCOLM BOYD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 72, Issue 3, August 1991, Pages 441–442, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/72.3.441 Published: 01 August 1991
Biochemistry of Human Axilla Malodor and Chemistry of Deodorant Ingredients (2007)

Key human axilla malodorants are hexenoic acid (3) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-hexanoic acid (5), accompanied by some 25 structurally related hydroxyalkanoic acids and alkenoic acids. These sweat acids are secreted in the axilla in the form of odorless glutamine conjugates and are released upon enzymolysis by AMRE (Axillary Malodor Releasing Enzyme), produced by Corynebacteria. The sulfanylalkanols 8–11 represent another important group of axilla malodor compounds that are also secreted in the form of odorless precursors. The major precursors are cysteine–glycine sulfanylalkanol conjugates of type 14 and the minor precursors are cysteine sulfanylalkanol conjugates like 15. The release occurs upon action of a ?-lyase of axilla bacteria. Besides the classical approaches of axilla malodor masking using fragrances, the use of chemicals to neutralize malodorants is described. The elucidation of the biochemistry of the sweat acid release has allowed the development of fragrance precursors that act as competitive substrates to the natural malodor precursors as well as the development of specific antagonists that block AMRE. Finally, the characterization and functional expression of a first human malodor receptor presents an interesting approach for future development of axilla malodor blockers.
The Mechanism of Target Base Attack in DNA Cytosine Carbon 5 Methylation (2004)

We measured the tritium exchange reaction on cytosine C(5) in the presence of AdoMet analogues to investigate the catalytic mechanism of the bacterial DNA cytosine methyltransferase M.HhaI. Poly(dG-dC) and poly(dI-dC) substrates were used to investigate the function of the active site loop (residues 80-99), stability of the extrahelical base, base flipping mechanism, and processivity on DNA substrates. On the basis of several experimental approaches, we show that methyl transfer is the rate-limiting pre-steady-state step. Further, we show that the active site loop opening contributes to the rate-limiting step during multiple cycles of catalysis. Target base activation and nucleophilic attack by cysteine 81 are fast and readily reversible. Thus, the reaction intermediates involving the activated target base and the extrahelical base are in equilibrium and accumulate prior to the slow methyl transfer step. The stability of the activated target base depends on the active site loop closure, which is dependent on the hydrogen bond between isoleucine 86 and the guanine 5' to the target cytosine. These interactions prevent the premature release of the extrahelical base and uncontrolled solvent access; the latter modulates the exchange reaction and, by implication, the mutagenic deamination reaction. The processive catalysis by M.HhaI is also regulated by the interaction between isoleucine 86 and the DNA substrate. Nucleophilic attack by cysteine 81 is partially rate limiting when the target base is not fully stabilized in the extrahelical position, as observed during the reaction with the Gln(237)Trp mutant or in the cytosine C(5) exchange reaction in the absence of the cofactor.
A three-step synthesis of a glitoxin analogue with anti-reverse transcriptase activity (1975)

H. C. J. Ottenheijm, G. P. C. Kerkhoff, J. W. H. A. Bijen and T. F. Spande, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1975, 768 DOI: 10.1039/C39750000768
Integration Site forStreptomycesPhage φBT1 and Development of Site-Specific Integrating Vectors (2003)

Despite extensive similarities between the genomes of the Streptomyces temperate phages phiC31 and phiBT1, the attP-int loci are poorly conserved. Here we demonstrate that phiBT1 integrates into a different attachment site than phiC31. phiBT1 attB lies within SCO4848 encoding a 79-amino-acid putative integral membrane protein. Integration vectors based on phiBT1 integrase were shown to have a broad host range and are fully compatible with those based on the phiC31 attP-int locus.
Development of a DNA Vaccine Designed to Induce Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses to Multiple Conserved Epitopes in HIV-1 (2003)

Epitope-based vaccines designed to induce CTL responses specific for HIV-1 are being developed as a means for addressing vaccine potency and viral heterogeneity. We identified a set of 21 HLA-A2, HLA-A3, and HLA-B7 restricted supertype epitopes from conserved regions of HIV-1 to develop such a vaccine. Based on peptide-binding studies and phenotypic frequencies of HLA-A2, HLA-A3, and HLA-B7 allelic variants, these epitopes are predicted to be immunogenic in greater than 85% of individuals. Immunological recognition of all but one of the vaccine candidate epitopes was demonstrated by IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays in PBMC from HIV-1-infected subjects. The HLA supertypes of the subjects was a very strong predictor of epitope-specific responses, but some subjects responded to epitopes outside of the predicted HLA type. A DNA plasmid vaccine, EP HIV-1090, was designed to express the 21 CTL epitopes as a single Ag and tested for immunogenicity using HLA transgenic mice. Immunization of HLA transgenic mice with this vaccine was sufficient to induce CTL responses to multiple HIV-1 epitopes, comparable in magnitude to those induced by immunization with peptides. The CTL induced by the vaccine recognized target cells pulsed with peptide or cells transfected with HIV-1 env or gag genes. There was no indication of immunodominance, as the vaccine induced CTL responses specific for multiple epitopes in individual mice. These data indicate that the EP HIV-1090 DNA vaccine may be suitable for inducing relevant HIV-1-specific CTL responses in humans.