gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperthermia in the Treatment of Bladder Tumours (1976)

High temperature bladder irrigation was employed in 4 men as an alternative to cystectomy because of their age and frailty. Hyperthermic irrigation of the bladder from 63 degree C for 70 minutes to 82 degree C for 25 minutes caused partial, but not total, necrosis of the bladder. Transitional cell carcinoma appears to be resistant in vivo, in some cases, to heating at temperatures that destroy adjacent normal structures. Hyperthermic irrigation of the bladder at these high temperatures may be hazardous. In view of these findings we cannot recommend high temperature bladder irrigation as an alternative to cystectomy even in poor risk patients.
W-doped anatase TiO2 transparent conductive oxide films: Theory and experiment (2010)

W-doped anatase TiO2 films were deposited on glass substrate by magnetron cosputtering. The minimum resistivity, 1.5×10−2 Ω cm, for Ti1−xWxO2 film (x=0.063) was obtained. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows W incorporated in the Ti lattice position is mostly in the W6+ state. Theoretical calculations based upon the density-functional theory were applied to analyze the electronic structure and conducting mechanism. The strong hybridization of Ti 3d states with W 5d states is the dominate factor to cause the shifting in Fermi level into conduction band. Our results suggest that tungsten is a favorable dopant to form TiO2-based transparent conducting oxide materials.
Optical fibre long-period grating sensors: characteristics and application (2003)

Recent research on fibre optic long-period gratings (LPGs) is reviewed with emphasis placed upon the characteristics of LPGs that make them attractive for applications in sensing strain, temperature, bend radius and external index of refraction. The prospect of the development of multi-parameter sensors, capable of simultaneously monitoring a number of these measurands will be discussed.
Physiological HEPES Buffer Proposed as a Calibrator for pH Measurement in Human Blood (1999)

N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid, known as HEPES buffer, with pK in the physiological range was studied for use as an alternative to conventional phosphate buffer for the calibration of pH in modern clinical analyzers. In different series of aqueous equimolar HEPES buffer, pH was measured at 37 degrees C with a capillary glass electrode standardized previously using phosphate, and variations due to changes in total HEPES buffer concentration (0.025 to 0.320 mol/l), and NaCl (0 to 0.250 mol/l) were monitored. For 0.05 equimolar HEPES buffer without NaCl, the pH of 7.362+/-0.003 (n = 15) obtained coincided well with the reference pH (7.364) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). In particular, in the preferred 0.05 equimolar HEPES buffer/0.110 mol/l NaCl, which is isotonic to human plasma (0.160 mol/l), and termed physiological HEPES buffer (PHB), the pH of 7.346+/-0.003 (n = 84) can be related to the calculated corresponding reference pH from NIST without liquid junction (7.374), and is also compatible with the pH measured in normal arterial blood, pH = 7.403+/-0.003 (n = 20). Hence, in the two-point calibration of clinical analyzers, PHB, which is defined operationally with respect to the glass electrode and to phosphate buffer, may be useful as a calibrator in the range of buffer adjustment control to meet the correct values for pH when measuring in blood. Whereas Na-HEPES salt is hygroscopic and does not meet the declared purity grade (> 99%), pure HEPES acid is non-hygroscopic and conforms to the manufacturer's purity grade (> or = 99%). Therefore, for easy preparation of PHB, HEPES acid is the preferred starting material.
Peptide‐MHC class I stability is a better predictor than peptide affinity of CTL immunogenicity (2012)

Efficient presentation of peptide-MHC class I (pMHC-I) complexes to immune T cells should benefit from a stable peptide-MHC-I interaction. However, it has been difficult to distinguish stability from other requirements for MHC-I binding, for example, affinity. We have recently established a high-throughput assay for pMHC-I stability. Here, we have generated a large database containing stability measurements of pMHC-I complexes, and re-examined a previously reported unbiased analysis of the relative contributions of antigen processing and presentation in defining cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunogenicity [Assarsson et al., J. Immunol. 2007. 178: 7890-7901]. Using an affinity-balanced approach, we demonstrated that immunogenic peptides tend to be more stably bound to MHC-I molecules compared with nonimmunogenic peptides. We also developed a bioinformatics method to predict pMHC-I stability, which suggested that 30% of the nonimmunogenic binders hitherto classified as "holes in the T-cell repertoire" can be explained as being unstably bound to MHC-I. Finally, we suggest that nonoptimal anchor residues in position 2 of the peptide are particularly prone to cause unstable interactions with MHC-I. We conclude that the availability of accurate predictors of pMHC-I stability might be helpful in the elucidation of MHC-I restricted antigen presentation, and might be instrumental in future search strategies for MHC-I epitopes.
[Intensive care aspects in eclampsia with multiple organ failure]. (1990)

Because of a good prenatal care eclampsia has been very seldom. But it is still a severe disease. By means of a case report vital symptoms and possible etiologic mechanisms are discussed. The meaning of an interdisciplinary intensive care and a subtle monitoring has been emphasized.
Electrochemically Layered Copper‐Nickel Nanocomposites with Enhanced Hardness (1994)

Layered copper‐nickel nanocomposites electrochemically produced using a single solution are determined to posses hardness values considerably greater than that of nickel. They can be deposited on amorphous Ni‐P underlayers which in turn may be coated upon a wide variety of substrates. A simple working formula is given for relating x‐ray satellites to superlattice periodicity.
Engagement of the osteoclast integrin alpha v beta 3 by osteopontin stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxyl kinase activity (1995)

Osteoclast adhesion via integrin alpha v beta 3 to the bone matrix protein osteopontin (OPN) results in stimulation of bone resorption. We characterized an immediate signaling event that takes place upon osteoclast interaction with OPN. OPN binding to alpha v beta 3 results in the rapid production of the phosphoinositides (PtdInsP), including phosphatidylinositol triphosphate (PtdIns 3,4,5P3). Stimulation of 3,4,5-PtdInsP3 production by OPN was produced by increased activity of PtdInsP 3-OH kinase, which was found in immunoprecipitates formed by antibodies to integrin alpha v beta 3. The association of PtdIns 3-OH kinase with integrin may have been through association with c-src. The latter was present in immunoprecipitates formed by the antibodies to integrin alpha v beta 3, and src kinase was activated by OPN. These findings demonstrate a mechanism for rapid generation of cell signals upon matrix protein binding to alpha v beta 3, which resembles the mechanisms used by tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors.
Shape Memory- and Hydrogen Bonding-Based Strong Reversible Adhesive System (2010)

Shape memory properties have been utilized to promote hydrogen bonding interactions at the interface between two rigid polymers. This leads to the creation of a reversible solid-based adhesive system with adhesive strength comparable to that of conventional liquid adhesives.
Kinetics and transport phenomena in the chemical decomposition of copper oxychloride in the thermochemical Cu-CI Cycle (2012)

The thermochemical copper-chlorine (Cu-Cl) cycle for hydrogen production\nincludes three chemical reactions of hydrolysis, decomposition and electrolysis. The\ndecomposition of copper oxychloride establishes the high-temperature limit of the cycle.\nBetween 430 and 530 oC, copper oxychloride (Cu2OCl2) decomposes to produce a molten\nsalt of copper (I) chloride (CuCl) and oxygen gas. The conditions that yield equilibrium at\nhigh conversion rates are not well understood. Also, the impact of feed streams containing\nby-products of incomplete reactions in an integrated thermochemical cycle of hydrogen\nproduction are also not well understood. In an integrated cycle, the hydrolysis reaction\nwhere CuCl2 reacts with steam to produce solid copper oxychloride precedes the\ndecomposition reaction. Undesirable chlorine may be released as a result of CuCl2\ndecomposition and mass imbalance of the overall cycle and additional energy\nrequirements to separate chlorine gas from the oxygen gas stream.\nIn this thesis, a new phase change predictive model is developed and compared to\nthe reaction rate kinetics in order to better understand the nature of resistances. A Stefan\nboundary condition is used in a new particle model to track the position of the moving\nsolid-liquid interface as the solid particle decomposes under the influence of heat transfer\nat the surface. Results of conversion of CuO*CuCl2 from both a thermogravimetric (TGA)\nmicrobalance and a laboratory scale batch reactor experiments are analyzed and the rate of\nendothermic reaction determined. A second particle model identifies parameters that\nimpact the transient chemical decomposition of solid particles embedded in the bulk fluid\nconsisting of molten and gaseous phases at high temperature and low Reynolds number.\nThe mass, energy, momentum and chemical reaction equations are solved for a particle\nsuddenly immersed in a viscous continuum. Numerical solutions are developed and the\nresults are validated with experimental data of small samples of chemical decomposition\nof copper oxychloride (CuO*CuCl2). This thesis provides new experimental and\ntheoretical reference for the scale-up of a CuO*CuCl2 decomposition reactor with\nconsideration of the impact on the yield of the thermochemical copper-chlorine cycle for\nthe generation of hydrogen.
Neocortical morphometry, lesion counts, and choline acetyltransferase levels in the age spectrum of Alzheimer's disease (1988)

We studied neocortical morphometry (cortical thickness, neurons, and glia), lesion counts (plaques and tangles), and choline acetyltransferase levels in up to 113 Alzheimer brains and 48 controls. Comparisons between young (under 65) and old (over 70) Alzheimer cases revealed more tangles in the former, but no other statistically significant differences in the measured variables. Differences in these parameters between young Alzheimer cases and young controls were similar to the differences found between old Alzheimer cases and old controls. Linear regression analyses correlating some of these variables with age in Alzheimer's disease, considered together with the effects of normal aging on the same parameters, reveal in Alzheimer's disease a spectrum of graded pathologic severity inversely proportional to age. Nevertheless, even in advanced old age (80 to 100), significant differences persist in these parameters between very elderly Alzheimer brains and controls.
Molecular basis of hypoxia-induced erythropoietin expression (1996)

Erythropoietin gene (EPO) expression is activated by tissue hypoxia in renal peritubular interstitial fibroblasts and, to a lesser extent, in hepatocytes and ito cells of the liver. A hypoxia-inducible enhancer spanning approximately 50 bp within the 3'-flanking region of the EPO gene is required for transcriptional activation in hypoxic cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basic helix-loop-helix protein that binds at the 5' end of the enhancer. The binding of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is absolutely required for enhancer function. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 is an orphan receptor that binds at the 3' end of the enhancer. The binding of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 augments hypoxia-inducible transcription mediated by the enhancer but is not absolutely required for enhancer function. Factors binding to the enhancer may interact synergistically with factors binding to the EPO promoter to activate transcription in hypoxic cells. Indirect evidence suggests that oxygen tension may be sensed by a hemoprotein. In one model, the putative hemoprotein adopts different conformational states depending on whether O2 is bound. Another model proposes that the hemoprotein converts O2 to H2O2. The protein tyrosine kinase c-Src, GTP-binding protein Ras, and MAP kinase signal pathways have been implicated in hypoxia signal transduction, but no direct evidence links these pathways to EPO transcriptional activation.
Human kallikrein 11: a new biomarker of prostate and ovarian carcinoma. (2002)

Human kallikrein 11 (hK11) is a putative serine protease of the human kallikrein gene family. Currently, no methods are available for measuring hK11 in biological fluids and tissues. Our aim was to develop immunological reagents and assays for measuring hK11 and examine if the concentration of this kallikrein is altered in disease states. We produced recombinant hK11 protein in a baculovirus system and used it to develop monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against hK11. We then developed an immunofluorometric procedure for measuring hK11 in biological fluids and tissue extracts with high sensitivity and specificity. We further quantified hK11 in various biological fluids and in serum of patients with various cancers. The hK11 immunofluorometric assay is highly sensitive (detection limit, 0.1 microg/l) and specific (no detectable cross-reactivity for other homologous kallikreins). We established the tissue expression pattern of hK11 at the protein level and found the highest levels in the prostate, followed by stomach, trachea, skin, and colon. We have immunohistochemically localized hK11 in epithelial cells of various organs. We further detected hK11 in amniotic fluid, milk of lactating women, cerebrospinal fluid, follicular fluid, and breast cancer cytosols. However, highest levels were seen in prostatic tissue extracts and seminal plasma. hK11 in seminal plasma and prostatic extracts is present at approximately 300-fold lower levels than prostate-specific antigen and at approximately the same levels as hK2. hK11 expression in breast cancer cell lines is up-regulated by estradiol. Elevated serum levels of hK11 were found in 70% of women with ovarian cancer and in 60% of men with prostate cancer. This is the first reported immunological assay for hK11. Analysis of this biomarker in serum may aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of ovarian and prostatic carcinoma.
Interaction of human mesenchymal stem cells with cells involved in alloantigen-specific immune response favors the differentiation of CD4+ T-cell subsets expressing a regulatory/suppressive phenotype. (2005)

Our results strongly suggest that MSC-mediated inhibition of alloantigen-induced DC1 differentiation and preferential activation of CD4+ CD25+ T-cell subsets with presumed regulatory activity represent important mechanisms contributing to the immunosuppressive activity of MSC. Collectively, these data provide immunological support for the use of MSC to prevent immune complications related to both HSC and solid organ transplantation and to the theory that MSC are universal suppressors of immune reactivity.
Desmoplastic small round-cell tumor: prolonged progression-free survival with aggressive multimodality therapy. (1996)

For control of DSRCT, our experience supports intensive use of HD-CAV, aggressive surgery to resect visible disease, radiotherapy to high-risk sites, and myeloablative chemotherapy with stem-cell rescue in selected cases.
Retrovirus infection: effect of time and target cell number (1995)

Using a model amphotropic recombinant retrovirus encoding the Escherichia coli lacZ gene and quantitative assays to measure virus infection, we have determined the effects of time and target cell number on infectivity. Infection of various numbers of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts showed that the extent of lacZ virus infection was dependent on virus concentration and independent of target cell number. These results demonstrate that multiplicity of infection is not an accurate predictor of the efficiency of retroviral infection. Varying the time of viral infection revealed that maximal infection occurred after greater than 24 h of exposure of the cells to the lacZ virus. Half-maximal infection occurred after 5 h of exposure. After 2 h of adsorption at 37 degrees C, the majority of infectious virus was not adsorbed to cells but was unbound and able to infect other cells. These results are discussed in terms of both their relevance to the fundamental biology of retrovirus infection and the use of recombinant retroviruses for retrovirus-mediated gene transfer with purposes of gene therapy.
Brain homogenates from human tauopathies induce tau inclusions in mouse brain (2013)

Filamentous inclusions made of hyperphosphorylated tau are characteristic of numerous human neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, tangle-only dementia, Pick disease, argyrophilic grain disease (AGD), progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. In Alzheimer's disease and AGD, it has been shown that filamentous tau appears to spread in a stereotypic manner as the disease progresses. We previously demonstrated that the injection of brain extracts from human mutant P301S tau-expressing transgenic mice into the brains of mice transgenic for wild-type human tau (line ALZ17) resulted in the assembly of wild-type human tau into filaments and the spreading of tau inclusions from the injection sites to anatomically connected brain regions. Here we injected brain extracts from humans who had died with various tauopathies into the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of ALZ17 mice. Argyrophilic tau inclusions formed in all cases and following the injection of the corresponding brain extracts, we recapitulated the hallmark lesions of AGD, PSP and CBD. Similar inclusions also formed after intracerebral injection of brain homogenates from human tauopathies into nontransgenic mice. Moreover, the induced formation of tau aggregates could be propagated between mouse brains. These findings suggest that once tau aggregates have formed in discrete brain areas, they become self-propagating and spread in a prion-like manner.
Risk factors for late recurrent rejection after heart transplantation: a multiinstitutional, multivariable analysis. Cardiac Transplant Research Database Group. (1995)

These data show a striking time dependency for rejection episodes among heart transplant recipients. Factors that increase risk for rejection in the first year differ from risk factors for rejection in subsequent years. These data suggest that it may be possible to tailor rejection surveillance protocols and immunosuppression intensity, according to specific patient and time-related risk factors.
Dynamic Strain and Chip Damage during Ultrasonic Flip Chip Bonding (2001)

The distribution of strain under a bump generated by ultrasonic flip chip bonding was dynamically measured using two-directional strain gauges. The strain gauges were designed to be sensitive in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Dynamic strains generated at the surfaces of the substrate and the chip were measured. The distribution of strain during Au bump formation was also measured and compared with that during flip chip bonding. Strain variations with time and position have been successfully measured during the bonding process composed of pre-press, ultrasonic and post-press steps. The strain field during ultrasonic application of flip chip bonding is found to be divided into two regions, while the strain field during Au bump formation is divided into four regions. Generation of chip damage such as crack and pad delamination, which was sometimes observed in ultrasonic flip chip bonding, is explained in term of the strain field in the bump area. It is shown that a high pressing load is effective to avoid damage of the chip surface.
Stars, dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers: Towards understanding structure-property relationships for single molecule constructs (1993)

New families of tetrahedral core molecules for synthesizing star and hyperbranched polymers are based on new adamantane derivatives. Four-arm structures have been obtained that are capable of chain extension and thermal conversion to highly crosslinked materials. Hyperbranched and star polymers containing siloxysilane repeat units have also been made through polyaddition hydrosilation reactions with star nodes and A-B monomers or A-B{sub 3} monomers. Terminal functionalization has been demonstrated for a variety of reactive and interactive groups that offer possibilities for use in artificial blood and interfacial microreactors. Combination of rigid tetrahedral cores with start or hyperbranched arms should make available new families of materials for composite synthesis, fiber interphase, formation and impact modification.
VLSI Processor Architectures (1982)

Novel VLSI processor architectures, some implemented by only a few different types of simple cells, are leading the way towards a new generation of computers. A brief survey of these novel VLSI processor architectures illustrates the exciting work going on in the area, most of which is still at the research stage. 45 references.
A Glimpse of Answer Set Programming (2005)

Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a declarative paradigm for solving search problems appearing in knowledge representation and reasoning. To solve a problem, a programmer designs a logic program so that models of the program determine solutions to the problem. ASP has been identified in the late 1990s as a subarea of logic programming and is becoming one of the fastest growing fields in knowledge representation and declarative programming. Major advantages of ASP are (1) its simplicity, (2) its ability to model effectively incomplete specifications and closure constraints, and (3) its relation to constraint satisfaction and propositional satisfiability, which allows one to take advantage of advances in these areas when designing solvers for ASP systems.
Differential Modulation of ACAT1 and ACAT2 Transcription and Activity by Long Chain Free Fatty Acids in Cultured Cells (2001)

Fatty acyl CoA and cholesterol are the substrates for cholesteryl ester synthesis by acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). Two ACAT genes have been identified; ACAT1 is expressed ubiquitously while ACAT2 is primarily expressed in intestine and liver. We tested effects of different free fatty acids (FFAs) on ACAT1 and ACAT2 expression and activity in HepG2 human hepatocytes and THP1 human macrophages. Incubation of oleic acid, arachidonic acid, or eicosapentaenoic acid, but not 25-hydroxycholesterol, induced ACAT1 mRNA levels 1.5--2-fold in HepG2, with no affect on ACAT2 mRNA. FFA had no affect on ACAT1 mRNA in THP1 cells. To determine if FFAs affect ACAT1 or ACAT2 posttranscriptionally, cells were labeled with [(3)H]cholesterol in the presence of the different FFAs for 1--5 h. Both HepG2 and THP1 cells showed the greatest cholesteryl ester production with oleic acid. This was also confirmed by the observation that more [(3)H]oleic acid incorporated into CE compared to [(3)H]eicosapentaenoic acid, even though there was no difference in the total uptake of these FFAs. In ACAT-deficient SRD4, CHO cells stably transfected with human ACAT1 or ACAT2, ACAT1 expressing cells showed a strong preference for oleic acid while ACAT2 expressing cells utilized unsaturated FFAs. Acyl CoA substrate specificity was further tested in microsomes isolated from these cells as well as HepG2 and THP1. THP1 and ACAT1 cells utilized oleoyl CoA preferentially. In contrast, HepG2 and ACAT2 microsomes utilized linolenoyl CoA as well. We conclude that FFAs increase ACAT1 mRNA levels in a cell specific manner, and furthermore that the ACAT reactions exhibit differential FFA utilization.