gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability evaluation and protection schemes for dense WDM network architectures (2003)

The author provides a methodology to determine the system reliability of any candidate dense wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) network architecture and uses it as a basis to perform cost versus reliability comparisons among the architectures. Results indicate that the subcarrier multiplexed/WDM architecture is the most promising architecture for implementation. Three dedicated 1:1 optical diversity path protection and equipment protection schemes using mechanical optical switches are proposed for survivable operation. The improvement in system reliability and the implementation cost are determined. The proposed protection schemes are not unique to the candidate architecture chosen and could be used for any other architecture, with a few modifications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Topologically non-trivial superconductivity in spin–orbit-coupled systems: bulk phases and quantum phase transitions (2011)

Topologically non-trivial superconductivity has been predicted to occur in superconductors with a sizable spin-orbit coupling in the presence of an external Zeeman splitting. Two such systems have been proposed: (a) s-wave superconductor pair potential is proximity induced on a semiconductor, and (b) pair potential naturally arises from an intrinsic s-wave pairing interaction. As is now well known, such systems in the form of a 2D film or 1D nano-wires in a wire-network can be used for topological quantum computation. When the external Zeeman splitting $\Gamma$ crosses a critical value $\Gamma_c$, the system passes from a regular superconducting phase to a non-Abelian topological superconducting phase. In both cases (a) and (b) we consider in this paper the pair potential $\Delta$ is strictly s-wave in both the ordinary and the topological superconducting phases, which are separated by a topological quantum critical point at $\Gamma_c = \sqrt{\Delta^2 + \mu^2}$, where $\mu (>> \Delta)$ is the chemical potential. On the other hand, since $\Gamma_c >> \Delta$, the Zeeman splitting required for the topological phase ($\Gamma > \Gamma_c$) far exceeds the value ($\Gamma \sim \Delta$) above which an s-wave pair potential is expected to vanish (and the system to become non-superconducting) in the absence of spin-orbit coupling. We are thus led to a situation that the topological superconducting phase appears to set in a parameter regime at which the system actually is non-superconducting in the absence of spin-orbit coupling. In this paper we address the question of how a pure s-wave pair potential can survive a strong Zeeman field to give rise to a topological superconducting phase. We show that the spin-orbit coupling is the crucial parameter for the quantum transition into and the robustness of the topologically non-trivial superconducting phase realized for $\Gamma >> \Delta$.
A polymeric nanoparticle formulation of curcumin inhibits growth, clonogenicity and stem-like fraction in malignant brain tumors (2011)

Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound derived from the Indian spice turmeric. We used nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin to treat medulloblastoma and glioblastoma cells. This formulation caused a dose-dependent decrease in growth of multiple brain tumor cell cultures, including the embryonal tumor derived lines DAOY and D283Med, and the glioblastoma neurosphere lines HSR-GBM1 and JHH-GBM14. The reductions in viable cell mass observed were associated with a combination of G(2)/M arrest and apoptotic induction. Curcumin also significantly decreased anchorage-independent clonogenic growth and reduced the CD133-positive stem-like population. Down-regulation of the insulin-like growth factor pathway in DAOY medulloblastoma cells was observed, providing one possible mechanism for the changes. Levels of STAT3 were also attenuated. Hedgehog signaling was blocked in DAOY cells but Notch signaling was not inhibited. Our data suggest that curcumin nanoparticles can inhibit malignant brain tumor growth through the modulation of cell proliferation, survival and stem cell phenotype.
A Flower and Pod Staging System for Soybean (1992)

Flower and pod abscission limit soybean yield. A system for quantifying flower and pod development based on the morphological appearance of the flower prior to and following anthesis has been developed to aid in studies of pod abscission. Changes in the appearance of the corolla, primarily the banner petal, are used to distinguish the different stages of the system. External pistil dimensions have been correlated with internal features for each stage of development. From anthesis to pod set, pistil length and weight increase almost two- and fivefold, respectively, and ovule development progresses from unfertilized egg cells to embryos surrounded by cellular endosperm. Pod determined are correlated with ovule length and width and embryo cell number. Flower and pod stages can be determined in situ, thus permitting non-destructive observation and experimental manipulation of flowers or pods without necessarily impeding their development. Stages have been identified that indicate precisely when pod set occurs and when young pods cease growing and ultimately abscise. This system of flower and pod staging is useful in studies designed to assess effects of abiotic or biotic stress and genetic factors on pod set and abortion.
Logic integration of mRNA signals by an RNAi-based molecular computer (2010)

Synthetic in vivo molecular 'computers' could rewire biological processes by establishing programmable, non-native pathways between molecular signals and biological responses. Multiple molecular computer prototypes have been shown to work in simple buffered solutions. Many of those prototypes were made of DNA strands and performed computations using cycles of annealing-digestion or strand displacement. We have previously introduced RNA interference (RNAi)-based computing as a way of implementing complex molecular logic in vivo. Because it also relies on nucleic acids for its operation, RNAi computing could benefit from the tools developed for DNA systems. However, these tools must be harnessed to produce bioactive components and be adapted for harsh operating environments that reflect in vivo conditions. In a step toward this goal, we report the construction and implementation of biosensors that 'transduce' mRNA levels into bioactive, small interfering RNA molecules via RNA strand exchange in a cell-free Drosophila embryo lysate, a step beyond simple buffered environments. We further integrate the sensors with our RNAi 'computational' module to evaluate two-input logic functions on mRNA concentrations. Our results show how RNA strand exchange can expand the utility of RNAi computing and point toward the possibility of using strand exchange in a native biological setting.
Isolation and preliminary characterization of the transforming gene of a human neuroblastoma cell line. (1983)

DNA from the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH is capable of inducing foci of transformed NIH 3T3 cells after DNA-mediated gene transfer. Using genetic selection with the Escherichia coli sup F gene, we have isolated human sequences from mouse cells responsible for the oncogenic transformation. These sequences are present in all human DNAs surveyed and no gross rearrangements of these sequences are found in SK-N-SH cells. Although clearly distinct from two other human transforming genes present in bladder, lung, and colon carcinoma cell lines, all three transforming gene sequences may be related members of the ras gene family.
Lipoprotein subclasses in genetic studies: The Berkeley data set (1993)

In conjunction with a study examining the inheritance of LDL subclass patterns in a healthy population, measurements of lipids, lipoproteins, and lipoprotein subclasses were performed in 301 individuals in 27 kindreds. Questionnaires were used to obtain information on use of medications, hormones, cigarettes, and alcohol. Laboratory data from this study (the Berkeley data set) include measurements of LDL and HDL size subclasses by nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and measurement of apolipoprotein A-I by radial immunodiffusion.
On the number of wavelengths and switches in all-optical networks (1994)

The authors consider optical networks using wavelength division multiplexing, where the path a signal takes is determined by the network switches, the wavelength of the signal, and the location the signal originated. Therefore, a signal is routed through a combination of circuit switching and wavelength routing (assigning it a wavelength). They present a bound on the minimum number of wavelengths needed based on the connectivity requirements of the users and the number of switching states. In addition, they present a lower bound on the number of switching states in a network using a combination of circuit switching, wavelength routing, and frequency changing. The bounds hold for all networks with switches, wavelength routing, and wavelength changing devices. Several examples are presented including a network with near optimal wavelength re-use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
GMSK with limiter discriminator integrator detection in satellite mobile channel (1989)

The author derives a formula for the error probability of partial response frequency shift keying with limiter discriminator integrator detector with and without decision feedback for the satellite mobile channel which contains as special cases the Gaussian channel and the land mobile channel. The author applies the formulae to Gaussian minimum shift keying and compute the error probability as a function of energy to noise ratio and other system parameters (Doppler frequency, maximum Doppler frequency, bandwidth of Gaussian filter and ratio of power in the direct and diffuse signal components).
A Cell-permeable Stat3 SH2 Domain Mimetic Inhibits Stat3 Activation and Induces Antitumor Cell Effects in Vitro (2010)

Given the role of constitutively active Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat) 3 in human tumors, Stat3 inhibitors would be useful as novel therapeutics and as tools for probing Stat3-mediated tumor processes. We herein report that a 28-mer peptide, SPI, derived from the Stat3 SH2 domain, replicates Stat3 biochemical properties. Studies show SPI and Stat3 (or Stat3 SH2 domain) bind with similar affinities to known Stat3-binding phosphotyrosine (pY) peptide motifs, including those of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the high-affinity, IL-6R/gp130-derived pY-peptide, GpYLPQTV-NH(2). Consequently, SPI functions as a potent and selective inhibitor of Stat3 SH2 domain:pTyr interactions and disrupts the binding of Stat3 to the IL-6R/gp130 peptide, GpYLPQTV-NH(2). Fluorescence imaging and immunofluorescence staining/laser-scanning confocal microscopy show SPI is cell membrane-permeable, associates with the cytoplasmic tail of EGFR in NIH3T3/hEGFR, and is present in the cytoplasm, but strongly localized at the plasma membrane and in the nucleus in malignant cells harboring persistently active Stat3. Moreover, SPI specifically blocks constitutive Stat3 phosphorylation, DNA binding activity, and transcriptional function in malignant cells, with little or no effect on the induction of Stat1, Stat5, and Erk1/2(MAPK) pathways, or on general pTyr profile at the concentrations that inhibit Stat3 activity. Significantly, treatment with SPI of human breast, pancreatic, prostate, and non-small cell lung cancer cells harboring constitutively active Stat3 induced extensive morphology changes, associated with viability loss and apoptosis. Our study identifies SPI as a novel molecular probe for interrogating Stat3 signaling and that functions as a selective inhibitor of Stat3 activation with antitumor cell effects.
Affinity Imaging of Red Blood Cells Using an Atomic Force Microscope (2000)

We used an atomic force microscope (AFM) to produce an image of a mixed layer of group A and O red blood cells with a contrast based only on the measured strength of a specific receptor-ligand pair. The image was obtained by measuring and plotting for each image pixel the adhesion force between the mixed RBC layer and the AFM tip functionalized with Helix pomatia lectin. The high specificity of that lectin for the N -acetylgalactosamine-terminated glycolipids present in the membrane of group A RBCs enabled us to discriminate between the two cell populations and to produce an image based on affinity contrast. The rupture force of the adhesion events leading to the image formation were quantitatively analyzed and compared to rupture forces measured with the same AFM tip on N-acetylgalactosamine tethered to agarose beads. The mean rupture force was found to be 65 pN when measured on the group A RBCs and 35 pN on the agarose beads. These results show that the adhesion, mediated by only a few receptor-ligand pairs, produces sufficient contrast for the affinity image formation.
New Anti-inflammatory Treatment Strategy in Alzheimer’s Disease (2000)

Numerous reports have indicated that patients suffering from inflammatory diseases (e.g., arthritis) who take anti-inflammatory medication have a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, the first generation of anti-inflammatory cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, such as aspirin and indomethacin, have been tested as potential therapeutics in AD. Because the inhibition of COX-1 is also known to cause tissue damage in the gastrointestinal system from the resultant reduced cytoprotection, selective COX-2 inhibitors are being investigated and tested clinically as potentially better therapeutics for AD patients. However, such drugs may also trigger unwanted effects; for example, the COX-2 inhibitors, which reduce the production of one type of eicosanoids, the prostaglandins, may increase the production of other eicosanoids; i.e., the leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which is one of the most potent endogenous chemotactic/inflammatory factors. LTB4 production is initiated by the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). The expression of the 5-LOX gene is upregulated during neurodegeneration and with aging. In spite of the fact that 5-LOX and leukotrienes are major players in the inflammation cascade, their role in AD pathobiology/therapy has not been extensively investigated. We propose that the 5-LOX inflammatory cascade may take part in the process of aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases, and we point to the role of 5-LOX in neurodegeneration and discuss its relevance for anti-inflammatory therapy of AD.
Impaired basolateral sorting of pro-EGF causes isolated recessive renal hypomagnesemia (2007)

Primary hypomagnesemia constitutes a rare heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by renal or intestinal magnesium (Mg(2+)) wasting resulting in generally shared symptoms of Mg(2+) depletion, such as tetany and generalized convulsions, and often including associated disturbances in calcium excretion. However, most of the genes involved in the physiology of Mg(2+) handling are unknown. Through the discovery of a mutation in the EGF gene in isolated autosomal recessive renal hypomagnesemia, we have, for what we believe is the first time, identified a magnesiotropic hormone crucial for total body Mg(2+) balance. The mutation leads to impaired basolateral sorting of pro-EGF. As a consequence, the renal EGFR is inadequately stimulated, resulting in insufficient activation of the epithelial Mg(2+) channel TRPM6 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 6) and thereby Mg(2+) loss. Furthermore, we show that colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab, an antagonist of the EGFR, develop hypomagnesemia, emphasizing the significance of EGF in maintaining Mg(2+) balance.
Transluminal Treatment of Arteriosclerotic Obstruction (1964)

The rationale and technic of a new procedure—transluminal recanalization of arterio-sclerotic obstructions—has been described. Of the 11 extremities treated, six have shown marked improvement (four amputations averted). It is reasonable to assume that with a perfected technic and patients with less advanced disease, the percentage of successful recanalizations would increase. Early treatment with this technic may well prevent otherwise serious disease, not just prevent amputation of extremities not suitable for definitive surgery. We are satisfied that percutaneous transluminal recanalization is the treatment of choice for many lesions of the femoral and popliteal arteries. We believe this method is ready for application to obstructions up to approximately 10 cm. by those skilled in the use of vascular catheters. No doubt the interest and ingenuity of others will lead to refinements of technic as well as further clarification of the role of this attack on arteriosclerotic obstructions.
The distribution of infectivity in blood components and plasma derivatives in experimental models of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (1998)

Convergent results from exogenous spiking and endogenous infectivity experiments, in which decreasing levels of infectivity occurred in cellular blood components, plasma, and plasma fractions, suggest a potential but minimal risk of acquiring Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from the administration of human plasma protein concentrates.
Efficient reclaiming in reservation-based real-time systems with variable execution times (2005)

We present a general CPU scheduling methodology for managing overruns in a real-time environment, where tasks may have different criticality, flexible timing constraints, shared resources, and variable execution times. The proposed method enhances, the constant bandwidth server (CBS) by providing two important extensions. First, it includes an efficient bandwidth sharing mechanism that reclaims the unused bandwidth to enhance task responsiveness. It is proven that the reclaiming mechanism does not violate the isolation property of the CBS and can be safely adopted to achieve temporal protection even when resource reservations are not precisely assigned. Second, the proposed method allows the CBS to work in the presence of shared resources. The enhancements achieved by the proposed approach turned out to be very effective with respect to classical CPU reservation schemes. The algorithm complexity is O(ln N), where N is the number of real-time tasks in the system, and its performance has been experimentally evaluated by extensive simulations.
Studies on the Genesis of Ginseng Rust Spots (1997)

In order to explain the connection between ginseng rust spot and soil ecological conditions, the bed soils and ginseng roots were sampled at different microrelief units and the reducing substances of the bed soils and iron forms of the ginseng root epi dermises were determined. The results showed that the occurrence of the rust spot was connected with the ecological conditions of the soils and the metabolism of the plant which was caused by the excessive in the soil solution. Ginseng rust spot was the enrichment of iron which was mainly composed of organic complex irons. Including active ferrous active ferric and non active ferric forms and they were transformed into each other following the change of soil moisture and temperature regimes. According to the regularity of growth and decline of reducing substances in soil and rust index of ginseng roots as well as the difference of adaptability to excessive in soil among different year-old seeding, a new comprehensive measure based on the connection of ameliorating soil and improving cultivation system was recommended to prevent the occurrence of ginseng rust spot.
Postulated Role of Interdomain Interaction within the Ryanodine Receptor in Ca2+ Channel Regulation (2000)

Localized distribution of malignant hyperthermia (MH) and central core disease (CCD) mutations in N-terminal and central domains of the ryanodine receptor suggests that the interaction between these domains may be involved in Ca(2+) channel regulation. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of a new synthetic domain peptide DP4 corresponding to the Leu(2442)-Pro(2477) region of the central domain. DP4 enhanced ryanodine binding and induced a rapid Ca(2+) release. The concentration for half-maximal activation by agonists was considerably reduced in the presence of DP4. These effects of DP4 are analogous to the functional modifications of the ryanodine receptor caused by MH/CCD mutations (viz. hyperactivation of the channel and hypersensitization of the channel to agonists). Replacement of Arg of DP4 with Cys, mimicking the in vivo Arg(2458)-to-Cys(2458) mutation, abolished the activating effects of DP4. An N-terminal domain peptide DP1 (El-Hayek, R., Saiki, Y., Yamamoto, T., and Ikemoto, N. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 33341-33347) shows similar activation/sensitization effects. The addition of both DP4 and DP1 produced mutual interference of their activating functions. We tentatively propose that contact between the two (N-terminal and central) domains closes the channel, whereas removal of the contact by these domain peptides or by MH/CCD mutations de-blocks the channel, resulting in hyperactivation/hyper-sensitization effects.
Strong Release of Methane on Mars in Northern Summer 2003 (2009)

Living systems produce more than 90% of Earth's atmospheric methane; the balance is of geochemical origin. On Mars, methane could be a signature of either origin. Using high-dispersion infrared spectrometers at three ground-based telescopes, we measured methane and water vapor simultaneously on Mars over several longitude intervals in northern early and late summer in 2003 and near the vernal equinox in 2006. When present, methane occurred in extended plumes, and the maxima of latitudinal profiles imply that the methane was released from discrete regions. In northern midsummer, the principal plume contained approximately 19,000 metric tons of methane, and the estimated source strength (>/=0.6 kilogram per second) was comparable to that of the massive hydrocarbon seep at Coal Oil Point in Santa Barbara, California.
The Relationship Between Influenza Vaccine-Induced Specific Antibody Responses and Vaccine-Induced Nonspecific Autoantibody Responses in Healthy Older Women (1992)

The effect of aging on human humoral immunity was investigated by studying in vivo the relationship between influenza specific antibody responses and nonspecific vaccine-induced autoantibody responses in 32 independent, well-nourished older women volunteers (mean age 86 yr, range 74-97) and 23 young women volunteers (mean age 34 yr, range 23-46). Anti-influenza A/Taiwan/1/86(H1N1) antibody titers were determined by a hemagglutination inhibition test (HI-test), and serum anti-dsDNA antibodies were measured by ELISA prior to, 15, and 30 days after influenza vaccination. The mean postvaccination fold increase (FI) of the anti-influenza antibody response was significantly lower in elderly individuals as compared to younger individuals. In contrast, the mean anti-dsDNA autoantibody level measured 30 days after vaccination was significantly increased in older volunteers as compared to younger ones. There was a significant negative correlation between the level of the FI of the anti-influenza antibody response and the anti-dsDNA antibody response (r = -.441, p less than .01). Our results suggest that the altered influenza specific antibody response was associated with an age-related increase in autoimmunity in aging individuals.