gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approximation algorithms for data placement in arbitrary networks (2001)

We study approximation algorithms for placing replicated data in arbitrary networks. Consider a network of nodes with individual storage capacities and a metric communication cost function, in which each node periodically issues a request for an object drawn from a collection of uniform-length objects. We consider the problem of placing copies of the objects among the nodes such that the average access cost is minimized. Our main result is a polynomial-time constant-factor approximation algorithm for this placement problem. Our algorithm is based on a careful rounding of a linear programming relaxation of the problem. We also show that the data placement problem is MAXSNP-hard.We extend our approximation result to a generalization of the data placement problem that models additional costs such as the cost of realizing the placement. We also show that when object lengths are non-uniform, a constant-factor approximation is achievable if the capacity at each node in the approximate solution is allowed to exceed that in the optimal solution by the length of the largest object.
High speed camera system using a CMOS image sensor (2000)

In this paper a new camera system for high speed imaging is presented, which is capable of recording images with a resolution of 256/spl times/256 pixels and frame rates in excess of 1000 frames per second. It uses an image sensor with on-chip electronic shutter and has been fabricated in standard 1 /spl mu/m standard CMOS process. The camera system contains an image memory for sequence recording. The camera delivers a very good image quality without any external algorithm for image enhancement and provides a very fast interface between the image acquisition and image processing unit. The CMOS imagers also have the ability to acquire images in a very short period. This allows an adaptation of the camera to various automotive applications like occupancy detection, airbag control, pre-crash sensing, collision avoidance, surveillance, and crash test observation. Moreover, the system architecture makes a combination of several applications possible using just a single image sensor unit.
Tag recommendation for social bookmarking: Probabilistic approaches (2012)

Tagging has become increasingly popular with the explosion of user-created content on the web. A ‘tag’ can be defined as a group of keywords that makes organizing, browsing and searching for content more efficient. Users apply tags to a variety of we
Non-allergic Eosinophilic Inflammation (2006)

Much is known about the eosinophilic processes associated with antigens, tumors, and infection, yet data on other causes of eosinophilic inflammation are scarce. This paper investigates the locations and causes of other nonrespiratory eosinophilic inflammation. Although eosinophilic inflammation can involve locomotor, urinary, cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, and other mucosal surfaces, such inflammation also can accompany tissue trauma, foreign-body reactions, and necrotic or granulomatous processes. Despite their cytolytic/histolytic effects, eosinophil leukocytes are a component of tissue remodeling, can be antigen-presenting cells, and have a role in the reproductive system and in blood coagulation. The study of various types of eosinophilic inflammation may increase our understanding of the biological responses of eosinophil leukocytes to different inflammatory stimuli.
Proteolytic activation of proapoptotic kinase protein kinase Cδ by tumor necrosis factor α death receptor signaling in dopaminergic neurons during neuroinflammation (2012)

Collectively, these results identify proteolytic activation of PKCδ proapoptotic signaling as a key downstream effector of dopaminergic cell death induced by TNF. These findings also provide a rationale for therapeutically targeting PKCδ to mitigate progressive dopaminergic degeneration resulting from chronic neuroinflammatory processes.
Parkin and Mitofusins Reciprocally Regulate Mitophagy and Mitochondrial Spheroid Formation (2012)

Mitochondrial homeostasis via mitochondrial dynamics and quality control is crucial to normal cellular functions. Mitophagy (mitochondria removed by autophagy) stimulated by a mitochondrial uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), requires Parkin, but it is not clear why Parkin is crucial to this process. We found that in the absence of Parkin, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone induced the formation of mitochondrial spheroids. Mitochondrial spheroid formation is also induced in vivo in the liver by acetaminophen overdose, a condition causing severe oxidative mitochondrial damages and liver injury. Mitochondrial spheroids could undergo a maturation process by interactions with acidic compartments. The formation of this new structure required reactive oxygen species and mitofusins. Parkin suppressed these mitochondrial dynamics by promoting mitofusin degradation. Consistently, genetic deletion of mitofusins without concomitant expression of Parkin was sufficient to prevent mitochondrial spheroid formation and resumed mitophagy. Mitochondrial spheroid formation and mitophagy could represent different strategies of mitochondrial homeostatic response to oxidative stress and are reciprocally regulated by mitofusins and Parkin.
Heterotrophic high cell‐density fed‐batch cultures of the phycocyanin‐producing red alga Galdieria sulphuraria (2005)

Growth and phycocyanin production in batch and fed-batch cultures of the microalga Galdieria sulphuraria 074G, which was grown heterotrophically in darkness on glucose, fructose, sucrose, and sugar beet molasses, was investigated. In batch cultures, specific growth rates and yields of biomass dry weight on the pure sugars were 1.08-1.15 day-1 and 0.48-0.50 g g-1, respectively. They were slightly higher when molasses was the carbon source. Cellular phycocyanin contents during the exponential growth phase were 3-4 mg g-1 in dry weight. G. sulphuraria was able to tolerate concentrations of glucose and fructose of up to 166 g L-1 (0.9 M) and an ammonium sulfate concentration of 22 g L-1 (0.17 M) without negative effects on the specific growth rate. When the total concentration of dissolved substances in the growth medium exceeded 1-2 M, growth was completely inhibited. In carbon-limited fed-batch cultures, biomass dry weight concentrations of 80-120 g L-1 were obtained while phycocyanin accumulated to concentrations between 250 and 400 mg L-1. These results demonstrate that G. sulphuraria is well suited for growth in heterotrophic cultures at very high cell densities, and that such cultures produce significant amounts of phycocyanin. Furthermore, the productivity of phycocyanin in the heterotrophic fed-batch cultures of G. sulphuraria was higher than is attained in outdoor cultures of Spirulina platensis, where phycocyanin is presently obtained.
One-pot morphogen driven self-constructing films based on non-covalent host–guest interactions (2011)

The construction of films with complex architectures through one-pot reactions taking place exclusively on a surface remains a challenge. Recently, to address this problem, we introduced a concept based on morphogen-driven film buildup. We used Cu(I) as morphogen and the Huisgens click-reaction between azide and alkyne groups on polymers as film building blocks. Here, we extend this concept to films whose integrity is based exclusively on non-covalent host–guest interactions that are reversible allowing much broader tunability of the film properties. We trigger electrochemically the self-construction of films based on clickable host (cyclodextrin) and guests (ferrocene or adamantane) both functionalized by alkyne functions and poly(acrylic acid) bearing azide groups. Under voltammetry cycles, where Cu(I) is formed in situ from Cu(II), the film builds up by the non-reversible covalent grafting of the host and guest molecules to poly(acrylic acid) chains through triazole formation and by the subsequent formation of reversible host–guest interactions which entirely support the film cohesion. This process leads to the continuous self-construction of a nanometre size film whose thickness increases with the application time of the electrochemical stimulus. The growth rate of the film can be tuned by changing in the buildup solution either the relative ratio in concentration of host and guest or through the competition between clickable and non-clickable guest molecules. The effect of different stimuli leading to the dissolution of the film is also reported.
Fuel ethanol production using novel carbon sources and fermentation medium optimization with response surface methodology (2013)

In this study, ethanol production abilities of the novel carbon sources: sodium and calcium gluconate in different minimal and rich media were compared with glucose using Escherichia coli KO11. The strain produced higher ethanol yield in the rich medium Luria-Bertani (LB) than the other two minimal media: corn steep liquor (CSL) and M9 for two substrates (sodium and calcium gluconate). Additionally, higher ethanol yields were achieved when the strain was grown in LB and M9 medium with calcium gluconate than sodium gluconate, while the ethanol yields were similar when both sodium and calcium gluconate were added into CSL medium respectively. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the fermentation medium components for enhancing ethanol production using strain E. coli KO11 in CSL medium with calcium gluconate as the substrate in batch culture. The concentration of the potassium phosphate buffer is the only significant factor among five factors considered. A quadratic model was developed to describe the relationship between ethanol production and the factors. The optimal conditions predicted for five factors were 14.38 g/L CSL, 0.0398 g/L FeCl3•6H2O, 1.12 g/L MgSO4•6H2O, 15.41 g/L (NH4)2SO4, and 1.58/1.26 g/L KH2PO4/K2HPO4 (2:1 molar ratio). The highest ethanol concentration under optimal conditions was 31.5 g/L, which was 5.6 g/L higher than that from the same fermentation concentration of calcium gluconate in LB media. The high correlation between the predicted and experimental values confirmed the validity of the model.
Acid-Labile Isotope-Coded Extractants:  A Class of Reagents for Quantitative Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Complex Protein Mixtures (2002)

Quantitative mass spectrometry using stable isotope-labeled tagging reagents such as isotope-coded affinity tags has emerged as a powerful tool for identification and relative quantitation of proteins in current proteomic studies. Here we describe an integrated approach using both automated two-dimensional liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry (2D-LC/MS) and a novel class of chemically modified resins, termed acid-labile isotope-coded extractants (ALICE), for quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of protein mixtures. ALICE contains a thiol-reactive group that is used to capture all cysteine (Cys)-containing peptides from peptide mixtures, an acid-labile linker, and a nonbiological polymer. The acid-labile linker is synthesized in both heavy and light isotope-coded forms and therefore enables the direct relative quantitation of peptides/proteins through mass spectrometric analysis. To test the ALICE method for quantitative protein analysis, two model protein mixtures were fully reduced, alkylated, and digested in solution separately and then Cys-containing peptides covalently captured by either light or heavy ALICE. The reacted light and heavy ALICE were mixed and washed extensively under rigorous conditions and the Cys-containing peptides retrieved by mild acid-catalyzed elution. Finally, the eluted peptides were directly subjected to automated 2D-LC/MS for protein identification and LC/MS for accurate relative quantitation. Our initial study showed that quantitation of protein mixtures using ALICE was accurate. In addition, isolation of Cys-containing peptides by the ALICE method was robust and specific and thus yielded very low background in mass spectrometric studies. Overall, the use of ALICE provides improved dynamic range and sensitivity for quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of peptide or protein mixtures.
Immunophenotypic analysis suggests that granuloma faciale is a γ‐interferon‐mediated process (1993)

Granuloma faciale (GF) is an uncommon inflammatory dermatosis with characteristic clinical and histologic features. Very little is known about its pathogenesis. We used a battery of immunoperoxidase lymphocyte markers to study the population of hematopoietic cells present in a case of GF. The majority of non-myelocytic hematopoietic cells present were T-helper lymphocytes. The cells stained strongly with antibodies against the interleukin-2 receptor and with anti-lymphocyte functional antigen (LFA 1 alpha) antibodies. Overlying keratinocytes did not stain with ICAM-1 or HLA-DR, which may account for the presence of the Grenz zone in granuloma faciale. These findings suggest that a gamma-interferon-mediated process may play some role in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Versatile Synthesis and Mechanism of Activation ofS-Benzoxazolyl Glycosides (2007)

As a part of a program for developing new efficient procedures for stereoselective glycosylation, a range of S-benzoxazolyl (SBox) glycosides have been synthesized. The mechanistic aspects of the SBox moiety activation for glycosylation via a variety of conceptually different pathways in the presence of thiophilic, electrophilic, or metal-based promoters have been investigated.
Clinical Trial Designs for Evaluating the Medical Utility of Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Oncology (2009)

Physicians need improved tools for selecting treatments for individual patients. Many diagnostic entities hat were traditionally viewed as individual diseases are heterogeneous in their molecular pathogenesis and treatment responsiveness. This results in the treatment of many patients with ineffective drugs, incursion of substantial medical costs for the treatment of patients who do not benefit and the conducting of large clinical trials to identify small, average treatment benefits for heterogeneous groups of patients. In oncology, new genomic technologies provide powerful tools for the selection of patients who require systemic treatment and are most (or least) likely to benefit from a molecularly targeted therapeutic. In the large amount of literature on biomarkers, there is considerable uncertainty and confusion regarding the specifics involved in the development and evaluation of prognostic and predictive biomarker diagnostics. There is a lack of appreciation that the development of drugs with companion diagnostics increases the complexity of clinical development. Adapting to the fundamental importance of tumor heterogeneity and achieving the benefits of personalized oncology for patients and healthcare costs will require paradigm changes for clinical and statistical investigators in academia, industry and regulatory agencies. In this review, I attempt to address some of these issues and provide guidance on the design of clinical trials for evaluating the clinical utility and robustness of prognostic and predictive biomarkers.
Towards a Critical Theory of Family Law* (1985)

Journal Article Towards a Critical Theory of Family Law Get access M. D. A. Freeman, LL.M. M. D. A. Freeman, LL.M. Professor of English Law University College London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Current Legal Problems, Volume 38, Issue 1, 1985, Pages 153–185, https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/38.1.153 Published: 01 December 1985
Thermodynamic properties of the effector domains of MARTX toxins suggest their unfolding for translocation across the host membrane (2014)

MARTX (multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin) family toxins are produced by Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus, Aeromonas hydrophila and other Gram-negative bacteria. Effector domains of MARTX toxins cross the cytoplasmic membrane of a host cell through a putative pore formed by the toxin's glycine-rich repeats. The structure of the pore is unknown and the translocation mechanism of the effector domains is poorly understood. We examined the thermodynamic stability of the effector domains of V. cholerae and A. hydrophila MARTX toxins to elucidate the mechanism of their translocation. We found that all but one domain in each toxin are thermodynamically unstable and several acquire a molten globule state near human physiological temperatures. Fusion of the most stable cysteine protease domain to the adjacent effector domain reduces its thermodynamic stability ∼ 1.4-fold (from D G H 2 O 21.8 to 16.1 kJ mol(-1) ). Precipitation of several individual domains due to thermal denaturation is reduced upon their fusion into multi-domain constructs. We speculate that low thermostability of the MARTX effector domains correlates with that of many other membrane-penetrating toxins and implies their unfolding for cell entry. This study extends the list of thermolabile bacterial toxins, suggesting that this quality is essential and could be susceptible for selective targeting of pathogenic toxins.
Laser-generated ultrasound: its properties, mechanisms and multifarious applications (1993)

The laser generation of ultrasound in solids is reviewed with particular emphasis on the application of this unique ultrasonic source. Three regimes for the generation of ultrasound in solids using lasers in the visible near infrared wavelength region exist: thermoelastic, plasma and constrained surface source regimes. The mechanism for ultrasonic generation in each of these regimes is given. Recent experimental investigations into laser-generated ultrasound are also described, including a description of a different mechanism for the generation of ultrasound in solids using a CO2 laser. Finally, the many applications of laser-generated ultrasound are reviewed. These applications range from nondestructive testing to the determination of candle flame parameters. Possible future applications are also outlined.
Endothelial lumen signaling complexes control 3D matrix–specific tubulogenesis through interdependent Cdc42- and MT1-MMP–mediated events (2010)

Here, we define an endothelial cell (EC) lumen signaling complex involving Cdc42, Par6b, Par3, junction adhesion molecule (Jam)-B and Jam-C, membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), and integrin alpha(2)beta(1), which coassociate to control human EC tubulogenesis in 3D collagen matrices. Blockade of both Jam-B and Jam-C using antibodies, siRNA, or dominant-negative mutants completely interferes with lumen and tube formation resulting from a lack of Cdc42 activation, inhibition of Cdc42-GTP-dependent signal transduction, and blockade of MT1-MMP-dependent proteolysis. This process requires interdependent Cdc42 and MT1-MMP signaling, which involves Par3 binding to the Jam-B and Jam-C cytoplasmic tails, an interaction that is necessary to physically couple the components of the lumen signaling complex. MT1-MMP proteolytic activity is necessary for Cdc42 activation during EC tube formation in 3D collagen matrices but not on 2D collagen surfaces, whereas Cdc42 activation is necessary for MT1-MMP to create vascular guidance tunnels and tube networks in 3D matrices through proteolytic events. This work reveals a novel interdependent role for Cdc42-dependent signaling and MT1-MMP-dependent proteolysis, a process that occurs selectively in 3D collagen matrices and that requires EC lumen signaling complexes, to control human EC tubulogenesis during vascular morphogenesis.
Adrenal androgens stimulate the proliferation of breast cancer cells as direct activators of estrogen receptor alpha. (1999)

Estrogens stimulate the proliferation of many breast tumors and cell lines derived from them. Antiestrogens have therefore become a powerful therapeutic agent to treat breast tumors that express estrogen receptor (ER) alpha. In addition, aromatase inhibitors are now used in postmenopausal women to block the in situ conversion of adrenal androgens to estrogens. This approach can only be successful if ER-alpha in a particular tumor is not directly stimulated by adrenal androgens. We have examined this possibility using several different cell lines as model systems: (a) wild-type MCF7 cells, an ER-alpha-dependent human breast cancer cell line; (b) MCF7SH cells, an estrogen-independent MCF7 variant; (c) Ishikawa cells, an ER-alpha-containing human uterine cell line; (d) ER-negative HeLa cells; and (e) budding yeast. Transactivation assays with transfected ER-alpha reporter genes reveal a direct activation of ER-alpha by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 5alpha-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol, testosterone, and the two nonaromatizable androgens, dihydrotestosterone and 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol. The involvement of other steroid receptors could be ruled out with specific antihormones. Moreover, the same set of ligands stimulates the proliferation of the two breast cancer cell lines. At subsaturating and physiologically relevant concentrations of DHEA, DHEA stimulates the proliferation of MCF7SH cells, which correlates with a substantial, albeit submaximal, transcriptional response. Thus, adrenal androgens must also be considered as risk factors in postmenopausal women.
Nucleotide and translated amino acid sequences of cDNA coding for the variable regions of the light and heavy chains of mouse hybridoma antibodies to blood group A and B substances. (1987)

This is the first report of nucleotide and translated amino acid sequences of the variable region light (VL) and heavy (VH) chains of mouse monoclonal hybridoma anti-blood group A and B substances, the combining sites of which have been mapped. Monoclonal hybridoma anti-A and anti-B produced in BALB/c mice by immunization with A or B blood group substances, with A1 erythrocytes, and water-soluble blood group A substance or with synthetic B determinants coupled to bovine serum albumin or to O erythrocytes have been characterized immunochemically. To relate the immunochemical properties of the monoclonals to their primary structures, we have cloned and sequenced cDNAs of variable regions of light and heavy chains of two anti-A and two anti-B. The anti-A hybridomas have very similar combining site specificities and have almost identical VH sequences belonging to the J558 germ-line family, but their VL are from different germ-line VK gene families. The two anti-B hybridomas have different combining site specificities and use the same VL which differs completely from the anti-A VL; their VH are derived from different VH germ-line genes belonging to the J606 family. The results suggest that the heavy chains play a major role in determining the specificities of the antibody combining sites, with only minor contribution of VL. Additional sequence data on monoclonal antibodies of defined specificity for blood group substances are needed for further insights into the genetic and structural basis for their specificities.
Intelligent PV module for grid-connected PV systems (2005)

Most issues carried out about building integrated PV systems (BIPV) performance show average losses about 20-25% in electricity production. The causes are varied: mismatching losses, partial shadows, variations in I-V characteristics of PV modules due to manufacturing processes, differences in the orientations and inclinations of solar surfaces, temperature effects, etc. Most losses can be decreased by means of a suitable electronics. This paper shows the Intelligent PV Module concept, a low cost and high efficiency DC-DC converter with MPPT functions, control and power line communications (PLC). Several DC-DC configurations have been considered as well as MPPT methods and communication options. Matlab simulations describe how this Intelligent PV Module can make a significant improvement in the energy delivered, above all in facades and roofs, in which the number of modules and the external conditions make this device most suitable.