gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction of pAM beta 1 into Listeria monocytogenes by conjugation and homology between native L. monocytogenes plasmids (1984)

The broad host range antibiotic resistance plasmid pAM beta 1 was transferred from Streptococcus faecalis to 9 of 15 Listeria monocytogenes strains by conjugation. L. monocytogenes transconjugates could transfer the plasmid either among L. monocytogenes strains or back to S. faecalis. Transfer between the various strains occurred without any detectable plasmid DNA rearrangements. The pAM beta 1 replicon was stable in L. monocytogenes--it was retained without antibiotic selection when the bacteria were grown in culture media or passed in mice--and the presence of pAM beta 1 had no major effect on L. monocytogenes virulence. These data suggest that pAM beta 1 or its derivatives might serve as useful L. monocytogenes cloning vehicles. The data presented also demonstrate that pAM beta 1 is compatible with two different native L. monocytogenes plasmids and that Listeria species harbor native plasmids in addition to the 38.5-megadalton plasmid pRYC16 previously reported by Pérez-Díaz et al. (J. C. Pérez-Díaz, M. F. Vicente, and F. Banquero, Plasmid 8:112-118, 1982). Of 29 L. monocytogenes strains screened, 7 contained plasmid DNA. Four strains had similar if not identical plasmids that were 34 megadaltons in size, whereas three other strains contained either a 53-, 44-, or 32-megadalton plasmid; none of these plasmids has the same restriction patterns as pRYC16. DNA homology experiments indicate that the various plasmids are related and suggest that there may be a common set of sequences present in all of the plasmids examined.
Electro-Optical Bistability in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Switching Devices for Use in Displays and Real-Time Holography (2004)

Abstract Liquid crystalline (LC) materials which exhibit the ferroelectric Sc* phase showed early promise for device applications because of their fast electro-optic response and potential long-term electro-optical bistability. In combination these features should allow fast line at a time addressing and therefore potentially large passive matrix displays. Bistability should also facilitate DC balancing without the need for inverse frame or blanking procedures used in active matrix addressed liquid crystal over silicon devices. Such a feature is very valuable in the application of these materials to telecom devices where signal interruption for DC balancing purposes is very problematic. Long term bistability is also important in realising active tiling based displays. However the realisation of acceptable bistability has not been straightforward. Partly as a result, commercial passive matrix displays have been dominated by super twisted nematic (STN) devices, which have a limited voltage selection ratio that decreases with the number of pixel rows addressed. High quality flat panel LC displays for laptop computers, computer monitors and television has been delivered using active matrix thin film transistor twisted nematic (TFT TN) technology. The first generation of commercially important ferroelectric liquid crystal displays (for near-eye and projection applications) have in fact utilised active matrix liquid crystal over silicon (LCoS) device structures, where the speed of the FLC electro-optic response permits the use of frame sequential methods for generating colour and greyscales in images. Here we discuss the problems encountered in achieving useful bistability within FLC devices, the new applications that would greatly benefit from true FLC bistability and some interesting new results from some siloxane oligomers which suggest new possibilities in achieving true bistability. We hope to highlight the need for a deeper understanding of this problem. Keywords: Ferroelectricliquid crystalbistabilityholographydisplaysswitching Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the referenced contributions to the work reported made by Tim Wilkinson, Neil Collings, Solon Mias, Chidi Uche and Ilias Manolis from the Photonics and Sensors Group at Cambridge University Engineering Department. We are also grateful to Maurice Stanley and Qinetiq for help and support. Aspects of the work have been supported by the UK EPSRC and DTI. The role of John Goodby on most of the classes of materials instanced here is gratefully acknowledged, as are discussions on siloxane oligomers with Harry Coles and representatives of Dow Corning Ltd. Notes 1A phase hologram (or grating) can direct light from a dark to a light region of a replay field.
Controls exerted by the Aib residue: Helix formation and helix reversal This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. (2001)

The helix forming properties of the achiral alpha-amino isobutyric residue (Aib) have been demonstrated by numerous crystal structure analyses of designed and naturally occurring peptides containing one or more Aib residues in the sequence. Experimental and computational results concerning the type of helix obtained, whether the 3(10)-helix with 4 --> 1 type hydrogen bonds or the alpha-helix with 5 --> 1 hydrogen bonds or mixtures of the two, have been published. This paper deals with residues that, if inserted into a sequence, could perturb the helix-forming propensity afforded by the presence of Aib residues. Examples of structures will be presented in which Pro, Hyp, Gly-Gly, d-Ala-Gly, and Lac have been centrally placed in the sequence. In addition to the formation of helices, detailed experimentally obtained conformation information is presented for the role of the Aib residue in reversing the sense of the helix (the Schellman motif) with the consequent formation of the 6 --> 1 type hydrogen bond or a solvated 6 --> 1 hydrogen bond. Data are presented for 13 molecules with helix reversals at the C-terminus or near the center of the sequence.
CIITA Leucine-Rich Repeats Control Nuclear Localization, In Vivo Recruitment to the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II Enhanceosome, and MHC Class II Gene Transactivation (2000)

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II transactivator CIITA plays a pivotal role in the control of the cellular immune response through the quantitative regulation of MHC class II expression. We have analyzed a region of CIITA with similarity to leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). CIITA LRR alanine mutations abolish both the transactivation capacity of full-length CIITA and the dominant-negative phenotype of CIITA mutants with N-terminal deletions. We demonstrate direct interaction of CIITA with the MHC class II promoter binding protein RFX5 and could also detect novel interactions with RFXANK, NF-YB, and -YC. However, none of these interactions is influenced by CIITA LRR mutagenesis. On the other hand, chromatin immunoprecipitation shows that in vivo binding of CIITA to the MHC class II promoter is dependent on LRR integrity. LRR mutations lead to an impaired nuclear localization of CIITA, indicating that a major function of the CIITA LRRs is in nucleocytoplasmic translocation. There is, however, evidence that the CIITA LRRs are also involved more directly in MHC class II gene transactivation. CIITA interacts with a novel protein of 33 kDa in a manner sensitive to LRR mutagenesis. CIITA is therefore imported into the nucleus by an LRR-dependent mechanism, where it activates transcription through multiple protein-protein interactions with the MHC class II promoter binding complex.
An intelligent, fault tolerant, high power, distributed power system for massively parallel processing computers (2002)

An intelligent, high power distributed power system used in a massively parallel processing (MPP) computer is described. The 7.5 kW power system has high availability, redundancy, fault tolerance, battery back-up, and a user friendly graphical user interface (GUI). A diagnostic subsystem monitors and tests the operation of the power system to ensure the functionality of the redundant assemblies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparison of three different targeted tissue factor fusion proteins for inducing tumor vessel thrombosis. (2003)

Tissue Factor (TF) is a cell membrane receptor protein that is the initiator of the extrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation cascade and normally released from damaged tissues. By substituting the attachment site with a tumor delivery agent, this potent thrombogenic protein in its truncated form (tTF) can be targeted to the tumor where it can initiate clotting, thereby occluding the tumor's blood supply and causing rapid tumor destruction. To test the therapeutic potential of this vascular targeting approach, three fusion proteins, chTNT-3/tTF, chTV-1/tTF, and RGD/tTF, which target DNA exposed in degenerative areas of tumors, fibronectin on the tumor vascular basement membrane, and alpha nu beta 3 on the luminal side of tumor vessels, respectively, were developed and tested for their antitumor effects. Antigen binding and clotting assays demonstrated that each of the fusion proteins retained their antigen binding and thrombogenic activities. In vivo studies in mice bearing established MAD109 lung and Colon 26 carcinomas revealed that all three reagents induced histological evidence of microregional thrombosis and massive cell necrosis. Of interest, the chTV-1/tTF and RGD/tTF fusion proteins induced thrombosis in small and medium sized tumor vessels, whereas the chTNT-3/tTF induced clotting in relatively larger vessels. Treatment studies showed that chTNT-3/tTF and chTV-1/tTF but not RGD/tTF had a significant inhibition of tumor growth. These studies demonstrate that multiple targets exist which can be used to localize tTF to occlude tumor vessels in two diversely different murine tumor models. To attain a significant antitumor effect, however, these thrombogenic agents had to occlude medium and large vessels within the tumor. Additional studies are warranted to identify maximal conditions for inducing therapeutic vascular coagulation as a new and potent method of cancer therapy.
Extending the dynamic range of RF receivers using nonlinear equalization (2009)

Systems currently being developed to operate across wide bandwidths with high sensitivity requirements are limited by the inherent dynamic range of a receiver's analog and mixed-signal components. To increase a receiver's overall linearity, we have developed a digital nonlinear equalization (NLEQ) processor which is capable of extending a receiver's dynamic range from one to three orders of magnitude. In this paper we describe the NLEQ architecture and present measurements of its performance.
Phage Display Vectors for the In Vitro Generation of Human Antibody Fragments (2005)

A major source of human antibodies are phage display libraries, which are constructed from various genetic sources. Antibodies are expressed as scFV and Fab antibody fragments using various vector systems. This review offers a comprehensive overview of M13 phage display antibody vectors and discusses their applications.
High-Level Production of Recombinant Proteins in CHO Cells Using a Dicistronic DHFR Intron Expression Vector (1996)

We have constructed expression vectors for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that produce both selectable marker and recombinant cDNA from a single primary transcript via differential splicing. These vectors produce stable CHO cell clones that, when pooled, produce abundant amounts of secreted recombinant proteins compared with the amounts produced by conventional expression approaches that have selectable marker and the cDNA of interest under control of separate transcription units. Our vectors divert most of the transcript to product expression while linking it, at a fixed ratio, to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) expression to allow selection of stable transfectants. Pools of clones with increased expression of the product gene can be efficiently generated by selection in methotrexate. The high level of expression from pools allows convenient and rapid production of milligram amounts of recombinant proteins.
A Population-Based Case-Control Study of Renal Cell Carcinoma (1984)

A population-based case-control study of renal cell carcinoma (495 cases and 697 controls) in the Minneapolis-St. Paul seven-county metropolitan area implicated cigarette smoking as a risk factor with an odds ratio (OR) among men of 1.6 (95% confidence intervals: 1.1-2.4) and among women of 1.9 (1.3-3.0). A statistically significant dose response was observed in both sexes for pack-years of cigarette use. On the basis of calculations of attributable risk, it was estimated that 30% of renal cell cancers among men and 24% among women were due to smoking. High relative adult weight as measured by the body mass index (BMI) was found to be a major risk factor among women but not among men, with those in the highest 5% of the BMI having an OR of 5.9 (1.8-20.4) in comparison to the lowest quartile. This association with excess weight was not seen at age 20, but it became more pronounced with increasing age, suggesting that the primary influence of weight gain is during the late stages of renal carcinogenesis. Excess risks were also related to ethnic background (particularly, German), which may account in part for the elevated incidence of renal cancer in the North Central area of the United States. In addition, positive associations were observed for long-term use of phenacetin-containing analgesics, heavy meat consumption, and heavy tea drinking (females only). An occupational clue was provided by an increased risk for exposure to petroleum, tar, and pitch products. Excesses of certain urologic and cardiovascular diseases were also observed among the cases compared to controls.
Region based variable quantization for JPEG image compression (2002)

Introduces concepts that optimize image compression ratio by utilizing the information about a signal's properties and their uses. This additional information about the image is used to achieve further gains in image compression. The techniques developed in this work are on the ubiquitous JPEG still image compression standard [IS094] for compression of continuous tone grayscale and color images. This paper is based on a region based variable quantization JPEG software codec that was developed tested and compared with other image compression techniques. The application, named JPEGTool, has a graphical user interface (GUI) and runs under Microsoft Windows (R) 95. This paper discusses briefly the standard JPEG implementation and software extensions to the standard. region selection techniques and algorithms that complement variable quantization techniques are presented in addition to a brief discussion on the theory and implementation of variable quantization schemes. The paper includes a presentation of generalized criteria for image compression performance and specific results obtained with JPEGTool.
SID-I is implicated in systemic gene silencing in the honey bee (2006)

SummaryRNA interference (RNAi) has become a powerful functional genomics tool that can be used to effectively silence gene expression. The implications for analysis of loss-of-function phenotypes through systemic or localized silencing are enormously significant in the application of this technology. The Sid-I gene was implicated in the cellular import of RNAi signal that enables passive uptake of dsRNA. Here we demonstrate that RNAi in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) is systemic and our data suggest that honey bee SID-I homologue, a putative transmembrane protein encoded by AmSid-I, is necessary for the uptake of systemically administered dsRNA and subsequent gene silencing.The honey bee SID-I homologue shares strong similarities with human (NP-060169; 44.3%), mouse (NM-198034; 43.9%), and Caenorhabditis elegans (Q9GZC8; 19%).AmSid-I was expressed in the entire set of honey bee tissues examined with the highest abundance in adult head followed by egg tissue. To test the role of AmSid-I in the systemic effect of RNAi, we induced systemic gene silencing of the honey bee Toll-related receptor 18W by a feeding-soaking delivery method of dsRNA and measured expression levels of AmSid-I and Am18w using real time PCR. A 3.4–fold increase in expression of AmSid-I was observed at 26 h. In contrast, Am18w gene expression was decreased about 60–fold at 30 h. High mortality and morphological abnormalities were also seen due to gene silencing. The presence of SID-I in honey bees and its function as a transmembrane channel that facilitates uptake of dsRNA are discussed.
Diverse roles for MADS box genes in Arabidopsis development. (1995)

Members of the MADS box gene family play important roles in flower development from the early step of determining the identity of floral meristems to specifying the identity of floral organ primordia later in flower development. We describe here the isolation and characterization of six additional members of this family, increasing the number of reported Arabidopsis MADS box genes to 17. All 11 members reported prior to this study are expressed in flowers, and the majority of them are floral specific. RNA expression analyses of the six genes reported here indicate that two genes, AGL11 and AGL13 (AGL for AGAMOUS-like), are preferentially expressed in ovules, but each has a distinct expression pattern. AGL15 is preferentially expressed in embryos, with its onset at or before the octant stage early in embryo development. AGL12, AGL14, and AGL17 are all preferentially expressed in root tissues and therefore represent the only characterized MADS box genes expressed in roots. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the two genes expressed in ovules are closely related to previously isolated MADS box genes, whereas the four genes showing nonfloral expression are more distantly related. Data from this and previous studies indicate that in addition to their proven role in flower development, MADS box genes are likely to play roles in many other aspects of plant development.
A new composite criterion for adaptive and iterative blind source separation (2002)

When n independent random signals are mixed by an unknown m/spl times/n matrix, the task of recovering the original signals from their mixtures is called blind source separation. The article introduces two simple source separation algorithms. The first one is adaptive, the second is iterative. Both work indifferently with complex or real signals and use an estimation equation involving 2nd-order and higher-order information. A key feature is that resulting performance is independent of the mixing matrix in the noiseless case. Simulations also indicate the absence of ill convergence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Clinical Trials of Immunization with the Towne 125 Strain of Human Cytomegalovirus (1976)

The Towne 125 strain of human cytomegalovirus (CMV), adapted to growth in human diploid cell strain WI-38 and propagated in this cell line for 129 consecutive passages, was administered to male volunteers with or without preexisting antibodies to CMV. Infection was not achieved by intranasal administration. In contrast, subcutaneous inoculation of virus induced seroconversion in all seronegative volunteers and a booster antibody response in some previously seropositive individuals. Transient local reactions occured at the site of inoculation of the virus, but systemic symptoms and signs of disease were notably absent.
Promotion of Atrial Fibrillation by Heart Failure in Dogs (1999)

Experimental CHF strongly promotes the induction of sustained AF by causing interstitial fibrosis that interferes with local conduction. The substrates of AF in CHF are very different from those of atrial tachycardia-related AF, with important potential implications for understanding, treating, and preventing AF related to CHF.
Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine After Dynamic Stabilization (2007)

Target of the study was to predict the biomechanics of the instrumented and adjacent levels due to the insertion of the DIAM spinal stabilization system (Medtronic Ltd). For this purpose, a 3-dimensional finite element model of the intact L3/S1 segment was developed and subjected to different loading conditions (flexion, extension, lateral bending, axial rotation). The model was then instrumented at the L4/L5 level and the same loading conditions were reapplied. Within the assumptions of our model, the simulation results suggested that the implant caused a reduction in range of motion of the instrumented level by 17% in flexion and by 43% in extension, whereas at the adjacent levels, no significant changes were predicted. Numerical results in terms of intradiscal pressure, relative to the intact condition, predicted that the intervertebral disc at the instrumented level was unloaded by 27% in flexion, by 51% in extension, and by 6% in axial rotation, while no variations in pressure were caused by the device in lateral bending. At the adjacent levels, a change of relative intradiscal pressure was predicted in extension, both at the L3/L4 level, which resulted unloaded by 26% and at the L5/S1 level, unloaded by 8%. Furthermore, a reduction in terms of principal compressive stress in the annulus fibrosus of the L4/L5 instrumented level was predicted, as compared with the intact condition. These numerical predictions have to be regarded as a theoretical representation of the behavior of the spine, because any finite element model represents only a simplification of the real structure.
Identification of Calcium-independent Phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) β, and Not iPLA2γ, as the Mediator of Arginine Vasopressin-induced Arachidonic Acid Release in A-10 Smooth Muscle Cells (2002)

The agonist-stimulated release of arachidonic acid (AA) from cellular phospholipids in many cell types (e.g. myocytes, beta-cells, and neurons) has been demonstrated to be primarily mediated by calcium-independent phospholipases A(2) (iPLA(2)s) that are inhibited by the mechanism-based inhibitor (E)-6-(bromomethylene)-3-(1-naphthalenyl)-2H-tetrahydropyran-2-one (BEL). Recently, the family of mammalian iPLA(2)s has been extended to include iPLA(2)gamma, which previously could not be pharmacologically distinguished from iPLA(2)beta. To determine whether iPLA(2)beta or iPLA(2)gamma (or both) were the enzymes responsible for arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced AA release from A-10 cells, it became necessary to inhibit selectively iPLA(2)beta and iPLA(2)gamma in intact cells. We hypothesized that the R- and S-enantiomers of BEL would possess different inhibitory potencies for iPLA(2)beta and iPLA(2)gamma. Accordingly, racemic BEL was separated into its enantiomeric constituents by chiral high pressure liquid chromatography. Remarkably, (S)-BEL was approximately an order of magnitude more selective for iPLA(2)beta in comparison to iPLA(2)gamma. Conversely, (R)-BEL was approximately an order of magnitude more selective for iPLA(2)gamma than iPLA(2)beta. The AVP-induced liberation of AA from A-10 cells was selectively inhibited by (S)-BEL (IC(50) approximately 2 microm) but not (R)-BEL, demonstrating that the overwhelming majority of AA release is because of iPLA(2)beta and not iPLA(2)gamma activity. Furthermore, pretreatment of A-10 cells with (S)-BEL did not prevent AVP-induced MAPK phosphorylation or protein kinase C translocation. Finally, two different cell-permeable protein kinase C activators (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol) could not restore the ability of A-10 cells to release AA after exposure to (S)-BEL, thus supporting the downstream role of iPLA(2)beta in AVP-induced AA release.
Serum Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Mortality (2000)

Our data suggest that increased serum uric acid levels are independently and significantly associated with risk of cardiovascular mortality.