gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple method for modeling wrinkles on human skin (2003)

Realism of rendered human skin can be strongly enhanced by taking into account skin wrinkles. However, modeling wrinkles is a difficult task, and considerable time and effort are necessary to achieve satisfactory results. This paper presents a simple method to easily model wrinkles on human skin, taking into account the properties of real wrinkles. Wrinkles are specified using intuitive parameters, and are generated over a triangle mesh representing a body part, such as a hand or a face. Wrinkled skin surfaces are rendered at an interactive frame rate, dynamically modulating wrinkle amplitude according to skin surface deformation while animating the body part. We demonstrate the ability of our method to model realistic wrinkle shapes by comparing them with real wrinkles.
Laser Temperature-Jump Apparatus for Relaxation Studies in Electrolytic Solutions (1968)

Temperature-jump apparatus for relaxation studies in electrolytic solutions has been developed with laser heating and conductivity readout. The apparatus is suitable for quantitative studies of relaxation times in the range 10−1 to 3×10−6 sec. With a ruby laser, an appropriate solute must be added to aqueous solutions lacking a colored solute to adjust the optical density of the solution to an appropriate value. With a neodymium laser, the intrinsic absorption of water in aqueous solutions is adequate.
Validation of p53 accumulation as a predictor of distant metastasis at 10 years of follow-up in 1400 node-negative breast cancers. (1996)

Most studies are in favor of a prognostic relevance of p53 accumulation determined by immunohistochemistry in breast cancer, but negative results are not lacking. On a series of 1400 patients with lymph node-negative cancers treated with local-regional therapy alone until relapse and with a median follow-up of 10 years, we validated the prognostic relevance for overall relapse and death of p53 accumulation observed in a pilot study and analyzed its predictivity on different adverse events. p53 protein accumulation was immunocytochemically detected using PAb1801. The case series had also been previously characterized for hormone receptor content [estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PgRs)] and for cell proliferation [[3H]thymidine labeling index ([3H]dT LI)]. p53 expression, considered as a dichotomous variable with a cutoff value of 5% positive cells, significantly predicted the occurrence of overall relapse, distant metastasis, and death with an interaction with cell proliferation. p53 accumulation, cell proliferation, and their interaction term, along with tumor size and patient age, retained a predictive role for overall relapse, and together with tumor size and PgR, also for overall survival. When considered as continuous variables, we observed that the hazard of metastasis increased linearly with the increase of [3H]dT LI and decreased linearly with the increase of ER and PgR. Conversely, the hazard increased with the increase of p53-positive cells only for tumors with a [3H]dT LI lower than 7.5%. In multivariate analysis, the same prognostic factors for distant metastasis were identified when the biomarkers were considered as continuous or dichotomous variables.
Pharmacokinetics and organ metabolism of carboxyamidated and glycine-extended gastrins in pigs (1996)

The elimination of carboxyamidated gastrin-17 and its glycine-extended precursor was studied in anesthetized pigs during constant-rate infusion. Extraction of amidated gastrin-17 was recorded in the hindlimb (42%), kidney (40%), head (32%, P < 0.001), and the gut (13%, P < 0.01). Elimination was not recorded in the liver, lungs, or heart. Extraction of glycine-extended gastrin-17 was measured in the kidney (36%), hindlimb (31%, P < 0.001), head (26%), and the gut (16%, P < 0.01), but not in the liver or the lungs. Glycine-extended gastrin-17 was not processed to amidated gastrin during infusion. The half-life, metabolic clearance rate, and apparent volume of distribution for amidated gastrin-17 were 3.5 +/- 0.4 min, 15.5 +/- 1.1 ml.kg-1.min-1, and 76.5 +/- 9.9 ml/kg, respectively, and for glycine-extended gastrin-17 were 4.3 +/- 0.6 min, 17.4 +/- 0.9 ml.kg-1.min-1, and 104.7 +/- 11.9 ml/kg, respectively. We conclude that extraction of amidated and glycine-extended gastrin-17 varies in the vascular beds, with elimination mainly confined to nonorgan tissues and the kidneys.
Efficacy in standard clinical practice of colonoscopic polypectomy in reducing colorectal cancer incidence (2001)

Colonoscopic polypectomy substantially reduced the incidence of colorectal cancer in the cohort compared with that expected in the general population. These results are of particular relevance considering that those with adenomas are at increased risk of colorectal cancer and that this retrospective study was performed on data obtained in standard clinical practice. This observation strengthens the concept of effective population screening in view of the fact that adenomatous polyps are the most frequent neoplastic outcome of screening and their removal is associated with a decrease in the incidence of colorectal cancer.
Cleavage of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin in Human Respiratory Epithelium Is Cell Associated and Sensitive to Exogenous Antiproteases (2002)

Proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin (HA) of human influenza viruses A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and A/WSN/34 (H1N1) from HA0 to HA1/HA2 was studied in primary human adenoid epithelial cells (HAEC). HAEC contain a mixture of ciliated and nonciliated secretory cells and mimic the epithelium membrane of the human respiratory tract. Pulse-chase labeling with [(35)S]methionine and Western blot analysis with anti-HA antibodies of cellular and virion polypeptides showed that HAEC cleaved newly synthesized HA0 to HA1/HA2 ("cleavage from within") and significant amounts of cleaved HA accumulated within cells. It was also shown that HAEC was able to cleave HA0 of incoming virions ("cleavage from without"), whereas the HA0 of nonabsorbed virions free in extracellular fluid were not cleaved, supporting the conclusion that HA0 cleavage in HAEC is cell associated. Low-molecular-weight inhibitors of serine proteases, aprotinin and leupeptin, when added to influenza virus-infected HAEC suppressed HA0 cleavage and reduced the amount of cleaved HA1/HA2 both in cells and in progeny virions and thus diminished the infectivity of the virus. In contrast, the addition of fetal bovine serum, containing a number of high-molecular-weight antiproteases that compete for proteases in the extracellular environment, did not inhibit influenza virus growth in HAEC. These data suggest that in human respiratory epithelium the cleavage of influenza virus HA containing a single arginine in the proteolytic site (i) is a cell-associated process accomplished by serine-type protease(s) and (ii) is sensitive to low-molecular-weight exogenous inhibitors of serine proteases.
Prevention of Apoptosis by Bcl-2: Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria Blocked (1997)

Bcl-2 is an integral membrane protein located mainly on the outer membrane of mitochondria. Overexpression of Bcl-2 prevents cells from undergoing apoptosis in response to a variety of stimuli. Cytosolic cytochrome c is necessary for the initiation of the apoptotic program, suggesting a possible connection between Bcl-2 and cytochrome c, which is normally located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Cells undergoing apoptosis were found to have an elevation of cytochrome c in the cytosol and a corresponding decrease in the mitochondria. Overexpression of Bcl-2 prevented the efflux of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and the initiation of apoptosis. Thus, one possible role of Bcl-2 in prevention of apoptosis is to block cytochrome c release from mitochondria.
Coarse-grain reconfigurable computing (1996)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.
Effects of oestradiol-17β and 5α-dihydrotestosterone on guinea-pig prostate smooth muscle cell proliferation and steroid receptor expression in vitro (1994)

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the major cellular component of the prostatic stroma. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of oestradiol-17 beta (OE2) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the proliferation of guinea-pig prostate SMCs in vitro. OE2 stimulated SMC DNA synthesis at all concentrations examined. At a plating density of 3.0 x 10(4) cells/cm2, maximal incorporation of [3H]thymidine (136% of control) was observed after 36 h of treatment with 1 nmol OE2/l. At the same plating density, DHT had an inhibitory effect on SMC DNA synthesis, with maximal effects (73% of control) being observed 24 h after treatment with 1 nmol DHT/l. These effects of OE2 and DHT were prevented by co-incubation with specific steroid receptor antagonists. At a threefold lower plating density (1.0 x 10(4) cells/cm2), the maximal stimulatory and inhibitory effects of OE2 and DHT were delayed by approximately 24 and 12 h respectively. At the lower plating density, a biphasic effect of DHT was observed on DNA synthesis; DHT was both inhibitory and stimulatory. Maximal inhibition (71% of control) and maximal stimulation (168% of control) were observed after 36 and 134 h treatment with DHT respectively. At the lower plating density, longer term treatment of SMC cultures with OE2 and DHT also resulted in an increase in cell number. After 7 days of treatment with OE2 and DHT, cell number increased by 13% and 12% respectively. When OE2 and DHT were added in combination, the short-term inhibitory effect of DHT on SMC DNA synthesis was dominant over the stimulatory effect of OE2. Treatment with DHT for 24 h significantly inhibited OE2-induced stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation, irrespective of the prior duration of OE2 treatment. At the lower plating density, OE2 also decreased oestrogen receptor (ER) mRNA levels to 38% of control levels after 24 h of treatment. ER mRNA levels remained repressed until 72 h after treatment with OE2, and returned to control values following 96 h of treatment. Both the androgen-induced inhibition and stimulation of DNA synthesis observed following treatment of SMCs with 1 nmol DHT/l were associated with a reduction in androgen receptor (AR) mRNA levels. At an intermediate time (i.e. 48 h after commencement of treatment with DHT) AR mRNA levels were increased more than twofold over control levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Fumarate catabolism in Helicobacter pylori. (1993)

The metabolism of fumarate by Helicobacter pylori was investigated employing one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolically competent cells generated malate and succinate from fumarate as the sole substrate indicating the presence of fumarase and fumarate reductase activities in the bacterium. In incubations of fumarate with cell lysates accumulation of lactate, acetate, formate and alanine was observed after the initial production of malate and succinate. The results indicate the existence of active fumarate catabolism in H. pylori and suggest the possibility of an ATP generating mechanism which may play an important role in the bioenergetics of the bacterium.
Application of an HIV gp41-Derived Peptide for Enhanced Intracellular Trafficking of Synthetic Gene and siRNA Delivery Vehicles (2008)

Endosomal release is an efficiency-limiting step for many nonviral gene delivery vehicles. In this work, nonviral gene delivery vehicles were modified with a membrane-lytic peptide taken from the endodomain of HIV gp41. Peptide was covalently linked to polyethylenimine (PEI) and the peptide-modified polymer was complexed with DNA. The resulting nanoparticles were shown to have similar physicochemical properties as complexes formed with unmodified PEI. The gp41-derived peptide demonstrated significant lytic activity both as free peptide and when conjugated to PEI. Significant increases in transgene expression were achieved in HeLa cells when compared to unmodified polyplexes at low polymer to DNA ratios. Additionally, peptide-modified polyplexes mediated significantly enhanced siRNA delivery compared to unmodified polyplexes. Despite increases in transgene expression and siRNA knockdown, there was no increase in internalization or binding of modified carriers as determined by flow cytometry. The hypothesis that the gp41-derived peptide increases the endosomal escape of vehicles is supported by confocal microscopy imaging of DNA distributions in transfected cells. This work demonstrates the use of a lytic peptide for improved trafficking of nonviral gene delivery vehicles.
Complement Factor H Mutation in Familial Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura with ADAMTS13 Deficiency and Renal Involvement (2005)

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare disorder of small vessels that is associated with deficiency of the von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease ADAMTS13, which favors platelet adhesion and aggregation in the microcirculation. The disease manifests mainly with central nervous system symptoms, but cases of renal insufficiency have been reported. Presented are findings of the genetic basis of phenotype heterogeneity in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in two sisters within one family. The patients had ADAMTS13 deficiency as a result of two heterozygous mutations (causing V88M and G1239V changes). In addition, a heterozygous mutation (causing an S890I change) in factor H of complement was found in the patient who developed chronic renal failure but not in her sister, who presented with exclusive neurologic symptoms.
Drill-In Fluid Filter-Cake Behavior During the Gravel-Packing of Horizontal Intervals — A Laboratory Simulation (1999)

Abstract A simulated horizontal well section allows studies regarding the buildup and removal of drilling-fluid filter cake. For the study described in this paper, researchers used the well section to examine the effects and behavior of drill-in fluids before, during, and after gravel packing. Specifically, the following conditions were examined: (1) filter-cake thickness, (2) filter-cake permeability, (3) local permeability variations behind the sand face, and (4) the effects of sand scouring on the preceeding three quantities during gravel packing. The 6-ft long test apparatus resembles a linear section of casing-and-borehole annular space where differential pressure can cause drilling-fluid filter cake to develop. Temperatures in the apparatus can be increased, as needed, up to approximately 200°F, and fluid is flowed axially through the rectangular flow channel. The special design of one channel wall, which consists of permeable, unconsolidated sand, supported by screen, allows filter cake to build up. The fluid is flowed through the channel until the cake-building pressure is balanced by the flow's erosive forces. The drill-in fluid temporarily plugs the sandstone face, allowing the axial flow to carry the gravel-packing sand throughout the length of the horizontal section. Laboratory tests with this apparatus showed that a properly selected drill-in fluid can plug a high-permeability sand within seconds after contact, and reduce permeability a 1,000-fold. This low permeability can be maintained throughout the sand-pumping process, even when the filter cake is almost completely eroded. To date, this plugging procedure has been used successfully on multiple horizontal wells with a typical horizontal-section length of 1,000 to 2,500 ft, and plans are underway for it to be used on more wells. Laboratory test results closely agree with the results observed in these field wells.
Integration of III-V materials on silicon substrates for multi-junction solar cell applications (2011)

The work presented here aims to reduce the cost of multijunction solar cell technology by developing ways to manufacture them on cheap substrates such as silicon. In particular, our main objective is the growth of III-V semiconductors on silicon substrates for photovoltaic applications. The goal is to create a GaAsP/Si virtual substrates onto which other III-V cells could be integrated with an interesting efficiency potential. This technology involves several challenges due to the difficulty of growing III-V materials on silicon. In this paper, our first work done aimed at developing such structure is presented. It was focused on the development of phosphorus diffusion models on silicon and on the preparation of an optimal silicon surface to grow on it III-V materials.
Malt1-dependent RelB cleavage promotes canonical NF-κB activation in lymphocytes and lymphoma cell lines (2011)

The protease activity of the paracaspase Malt1 contributes to antigen receptor-mediated lymphocyte activation and lymphomagenesis. Malt1 activity is required for optimal NF-κB activation, but little is known about the responsible substrate(s). Here we report that Malt1 cleaved the NF-κB family member RelB after Arg-85. RelB cleavage induced its proteasomal degradation and specifically controlled DNA binding of RelA- or c-Rel-containing NF-κB complexes. Overexpression of RelB inhibited expression of canonical NF-κB target genes and led to impaired survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines characterized by constitutive Malt1 activity. These findings identify a central role for Malt1-dependent RelB cleavage in canonical NF-κB activation and thereby provide a rationale for the targeting of Malt1 in immunomodulation and cancer treatment.
Ligand Control of Growth, Morphology, and Capping Structure of Colloidal CdSe Nanorods (2007)

The organic capping ligands used in the colloidal synthesis of CdSe nanorods have a profound impact on nanorod shape, dimensions, and capping structure as is shown here by varying the length of the alkylphosphonic acid ligands used in synthesis. The shorter the ligand, the more elongated and branched are the resulting nanorods; when mixtures of alkylphosphonic acids are used, the higher the molar fraction of the shorter ligand, the more elongated and branched are the nanorods. 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies indicate that shorter ligands preferentially remain on the nanorod surfaces when mixtures of phosphonic acids are used during synthesis. Optical transmission spectroscopy shows decreased solubility of CdSe nanorods capped by relatively long ligands because of nanorod aggregation. The results suggest that substantial control of nanorod dimensions and properties can be achieved by selecting the appropriate ligands in the synthesis process.
Analysis of genomic rearrangements associated with EGFRvIII expressionsuggests involvement of Alu repeat elements (2000)

We have developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy for the synthesis and analysis of rearranged epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) fragments associated with the vIII mutant receptor expressed in glioblastomas with EGFR amplification. The sequencing of aberrant tumor fragments showed that intragenic deletion rearrangements consistently involve an approximately 600-bp region in intron 7 of EGFR and several rearrangement sites interspersed throughout the large (>100 kb) first intron of this gene. Examination of the intron 7 breakpoint region revealed an Alu repeat element, and all intron 7 rearrangement sites were located within or downstream of this repeat sequence. Analysis of intron 1 for similar sequences resulted in the identification of 11 sites containing >80% homology with parts of the Alu element in intron 7. Reverse transcriptase-PCR and/or Western analysis of the tumors showed the presence of EGFRvIII cDNAs and/or proteins, respectively, in all cases for which a rearranged genomic fragment was generated by long-range PCR. Collectively, these data suggest that EGFR rearrangements, associated with the synthesis of the most common EGFR mutant, are mediated by a specific sequence element.
Electrodeposition of Redox Polymers and Co-Electrodeposition of Enzymes by Coordinative Crosslinking (2002)

Wenn vier Bedingungen erfüllt sind, können Redoxpolymere mithilfe von Ligandenaustausch elektroabgeschieden werden: Der Film muss elektronen- oder lochleitend sein; die Redoxzentren des abgeschiedenen Polymers, die auf Übergangsmetallkomplexen basieren, müssen in ihrer inneren Koordinationssphäre einen labilen Liganden enthalten; das Redoxpolymer muss einen stark koordinierenden, aber noch nicht koordinierten Liganden aufweisen; die Oberflächendichte des adsorbierten Redoxpolymers muss hoch sein. Durch Beachtung dieser Punkte gelang es den Autoren auch, Enzyme co-abzuscheiden und deren Substrate mit den erhaltenen Elektroden zu elektroreduzieren/oxidieren.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus orchestrates a multifaceted host cell infection by induction of autophagy, cell rounding, and then cell lysis (2008)

The bacterial pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus utilizes a type III secretion system to cause death of host cells within hours of infection. We report that cell death is completely independent of apoptosis and occurs by a mechanism in which injection of multiple type III effectors causes induction of autophagy, cell rounding, and the subsequent release of cellular contents. Autophagy is detected by the appearance of lipidated light chain 3 (LC3) and by increases in punctae and vacuole formation. Electron microscopy reveals the production of early autophagic vesicles during infection. Consistent with phosphoinositide 3 (PI3) kinase playing a role in autophagy, treatment of infected cells with a PI3 kinase inhibitor attenuates autophagy in infected cells. Because many effectors are injected during a V. parahaemolyticus infection, it is not surprising that the presence of a sole PI3 kinase inhibitor does not prevent inevitable host-cell death. Our studies reveal an infection paradigm whereby an extracellular pathogen uses its type III secretion system to cause at least three parallel events that eventually result in the proinflammatory death of an infected host cell.
<title>Signal processing for Internet video streaming: a review</title> (2000)

Despite the commercial success, video streaming remains a black art owing to its roots in proprietary commercial development. As such, many challenging technological issues that need to be addressed are not even well understood. The purpose of this paper is to review several important signal processing issues related to video streaming, and put them in the context of a client-server based media streaming architecture on the Internet. Such a context is critical, as we shall see that a number of solutions proposed by signal processing researchers are simply unrealistic for real-world video streaming on the Internet. We identify a family of viable solutions and evaluate their pros and cons. We further identify areas of research that have received less attention and point to the problems to which a better solution is eagerly sought by the industry.