gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activated B cells express CD28/B7-independent costimulatory activity (1996)

Resting and activated B cells display distinct phenotypes and functional properties. Resting B cells are incompetent accessory cells whereas activated B cells are capable of triggering T cell activation. The up-regulation of expression of the B7 family of molecules has been considered to be the primary reason for this functional conversion of activated B cells. We report here that activation of B cells induces a novel costimulatory activity for induction of T cell proliferation, which is independent of the CD28/B7 costimulatory pathway. B cells activated by different stimuli expressed comparable levels of many of the known counter-receptors for costimulation and intercellular adhesion (B7-1, B7-2, HSA, ICAM-1), but differed markedly in their capacity to activate CD4+ T cells from CD28-deficient (-/-) mice. Activation of B cells via CD40, and to a lesser extent with LPS, induced potent B7/CD28-independent costimulatory activity that resulted in marked augmentation of IL-2-mediated proliferative responses of CD4+ T cells from CD28 -/- mice. The B7/CD28-independent costimulatory pathway was capable of triggering the activation of naive CD4+ T cells, as both sorted CD45RBhigh and isolated high density naive CD4+ T cells from CD28 -/- mice responded vigorously to the costimulation provided by CD40L-activated B cells.
Expression and significance of the novel tumor-suppressor gene SMG-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (2014)

Recent studies have demonstrated that SMG-1, a newly characterized member of the family of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKKs), is involved in tumorigenesis as a new tumor suppressor. However, its expression and significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain obscure. The present study investigated SMG-1 expression in HCC tissue specimens, aimed at defining the association with clinicopathological significance. Both immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were employed to analyze SMG-1 expression in 157 HCC and corresponding distant normal tissue specimens. The results revealed that expression of SMG-1 was significantly lower in the HCC tissue specimens than that in the distant normal tissues. Moreover, a lower expression level of SMG-1 was significantly correlated with serum α-fetoprotein level (P=0.001), poorly differentiated tumors (P=0.009) and more advanced TNM stage (P<0.001). Further study showed that SMG-1 expression was exactly associated with tumor differentiation and clinical stage in HCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that low SMG-1 expression was related to poor overall survival, and the prognostic impact of SMG-1 was further confirmed by stratified survival analysis. Importantly, multivariate analysis revealed that low SMG-1 expression was an independent prognostic marker for an unfavorable overall survival. We conclude that SMG-1 is downregulated in HCC and may represent a promising biomarker for predicting the prognosis of HCC, including the prognosis of early-stage patients.
Novel FLT3 point mutations within exon 14 found in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (2004)

Internal tandem duplications in FLT3 are the most common mutation in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), with agarose gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction products (PCR/agarose) being the screening method of choice for these mutations. As PCR/agarose screening does not detect small mutations, single-stranded conformational polymorphism analyses (PCR/SSCP) were used in an attempt to identify previously unrecognized point mutations in FLT3 exons 14 and 15 of 140 AML patients, using newly designed primers that anneal within intron sequences. Novel missense point mutations were found in exon 14, suggesting additional investigations should be performed in AML and other haematopoietic malignancies, using this sensitive technique.
Metabolic compartmentation of plastid prenyllipid biosynthesis (1998)

The addition of phytyl side chain to chlorophylls, tocopherols and phylloquinone is prerequisite to their integration into plastid membranes. We have cloned a cDNA encoding a pre-geranylgeranyl reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana. The deduced primary structure predicts a mature size with a molecular mass of 47 kDa and displays a characteristic dinucleotide binding domain. Geranylgeranyl reductase expressed in Escherichia coli sequentially catalyzes the reduction of geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a into phytyl-chlorophyll a as well as the reduction of free geranylgeranyl diphosphate into phytyl diphosphate. Due to its multifunctionality and weak hydrophobicity, we suggest that in plastid the same geranylgeranyl reductase is recruited into the chlorophyll, the tocopherol and the phylloquinone pathways. The geranylgeranyl reductase gene is up-regulated during etioplast to chloroplast and chloroplast to chromoplast development.
Suppression of Influenza Virus Replication in Infected Mice by Protease Inhibitors (1984)

Administration of the protease inhibitors, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or aprotinins, to mice infected with mouse-adapted influenza virus strain A/PR/8/34 (HON1) and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) reduced virus replication in the lungs. Up to 100-fold reduction of virus titre and virus-induced neuraminidase activity were revealed in mouse lungs under protease inhibitor treatment. As a result, drug-treated mice rapidly cleared the virus from their lungs. The predominant synthesis was of non-infectious virions with uncleaved haemagglutinin in the lungs of drug-treated mice, in contrast to the production of highly infectious virions with proteolytically cleaved haemagglutinin in untreated mice. These observations suggest that protease inhibitors suppress influenza virus replication in mouse lungs due to prevention of haemagglutinin cleavage and virus proteolytic activation.
General Approach for Engineering Small-Molecule-Binding DNA Split Aptamers (2013)

Here we report a general method for engineering three-way junction DNA aptamers into split aptamers. Split aptamers show significant potential for use as recognition elements in biosensing applications, but reliable methods for generating these sequences are currently lacking. We hypothesize that the three-way junction is a "privileged architecture" for the elaboration of aptamers into split aptamers, as it provides two potential splitting sites that are distal from the target binding pocket. We propose a general method for split aptamer engineering that involves removing one loop region, then systematically modifying the number of base pairs in the remaining stem regions in order to achieve selective assembly only in the presence of the target small molecule. We screen putative split aptamer sequence pairs using split aptamer proximity ligation (StAPL) technology developed by our laboratory, but we validate that the results obtained using StAPL translate directly to systems in which the aptamer fragments are assembling noncovalently. We introduce four new split aptamer sequences, which triples the number of small-molecule-binding DNA split aptamers reported to date, and the methods described herein provide a reliable route for the engineering of additional split aptamers, dramatically advancing the potential substrate scope of DNA assembly based biosensors.
Genetic Screen Identifies Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 as a Modulator of Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer (2010)

Tamoxifen resistance is one of the overarching challenges in the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Through a genome-wide RNA interference screen to discover genes responsible for tamoxifen resistance in vitro, we identified insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) as a determinant of drug sensitivity. Specific knockdown of IGFBP5 by retroviral infection with short hairpin RNA-expressing cassette in MCF7 human breast cancer cells (pRS-shIGFBP5) conferred tamoxifen resistance in vitro due to concomitant loss of ERalpha expression and signaling. IGFBP5 expression was also reduced in MCF7 cells selected for tamoxifen resistance in culture (TAMR). Both tamoxifen-resistant MCF7-TAMR and MCF7-pRS-shIGFBP5 cells could be resensitized to drug by treatment with exogenous recombinant IGFBP5 (rIGFBP5) protein. Treatment with rIGFBP5 protein in mouse tumor xenografts reversed the in vivo tamoxifen resistance of MCF7-pRS-shIGFBP5 cell-derived tumors by reducing tumor cell proliferation. IGFBP5 immunohistochemical staining in a cohort of 153 breast cancer patients showed that low IGFBP5 expression was associated with shorter overall survival after tamoxifen therapy. Thus, IGFBP5 warrants investigation as an agent to reverse tamoxifen resistance.
Generation of a Large Combinatorial Library of the Immunoglobulin Repertoire in Phage Lambda (1989)

A novel bacteriophage lambda vector system was used to express in Escherichia coli a combinatorial library of Fab fragments of the mouse antibody repertoire. The system allows rapid and easy identification of monoclonal Fab fragments in a form suitable for genetic manipulation. It was possible to generate, in 2 weeks, large numbers of monoclonal Fab fragments against a transition state analog hapten. The methods described may supersede present-day hybridoma technology and facilitate the production of catalytic and other antibodies.
Selective area epitaxy of ultra-high density InGaN quantum dots by diblock copolymer lithography (2011)

Highly uniform InGaN-based quantum dots (QDs) grown on a nanopatterned dielectric layer defined by self-assembled diblock copolymer were performed by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The cylindrical-shaped nanopatterns were created on SiNx layers deposited on a GaN template, which provided the nanopatterning for the epitaxy of ultra-high density QD with uniform size and distribution. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements were conducted to investigate the QDs morphology. The InGaN/GaN QDs with density up to 8 × 1010 cm-2 are realized, which represents ultra-high dot density for highly uniform and well-controlled, nitride-based QDs, with QD diameter of approximately 22-25 nm. The photoluminescence (PL) studies indicated the importance of NH3 annealing and GaN spacer layer growth for improving the PL intensity of the SiNx-treated GaN surface, to achieve high optical-quality QDs applicable for photonics devices.
Effect of long-term, low-dose clarithromycin on T helper 2 cytokines, eosinophilic cationic protein and the ‘regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted’ chemokine in the nasal secretions of patients with nasal polyposis (2012)

Clarithromycin has a strong anti-inflammatory effect in nasal polyposis, but has different immunomodulatory effects in allergic and non-allergic nasal polyposis patients.
Self-Assembled Disulfide-Functionalized Amphiphilic Copolymers on Gold (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-Assembled Disulfide-Functionalized Amphiphilic Copolymers on GoldChristian Erdelen, Lukas Haeussling, Renate Naumann, Helmut Ringsdorf, Heiko Wolf, Jianling Yang, Martha Liley, Juergen Spinke, and Wolfgang KnollCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 4, 1246–1250Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00016a044https://doi.org/10.1021/la00016a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views271Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Association of Plasma β-Amyloid Level and Cognitive Reserve With Subsequent Cognitive Decline (2011)

Lower plasma β-amyloid 42/40 is associated with greater cognitive decline among elderly persons without dementia over 9 years, and this association is stronger among those with low measures of cognitive reserve.
Evidence for uncorrelated tilted layer structure and electrically polarized bilayers in amphiphilic glycolipids (2006)

A strong low-frequency dielectric relaxation mode spanning from below 100 Hz at low temperatures to 100 kHz at high temperature, x-ray diffraction studies, and optical microscopic observations show, contrary to the currently accepted models, that the glycolipid molecules are tilted with respect to the layer normal in the smectic phase but the tilt direction is not correlated between the bilayers. The tilted glycolipid bilayers are electrically polarized. The tilted structure and the electric polarization of amphiphilic glycolipids may play an important role in biological cell membrane.
Effect of pretension in reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament with a Dacron prosthesis (1996)

To study the effect of the pretension level in reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) we examined 26 patients with isolated ACL insufficiency and intact Dacron ligament prosthesis at 4-year follow-up. The patients were divided into two groups of 13 each, based on pretension level applied at the reconstruction: in group I the ligament was pretensioned to 60 N and in group II to 40 N. The patients were evaluated by the Tegner and Lysholm scores, KT-1000 arthrometer measurements, and isokinetic muscle performance testing and were assessed by the Knee Ligament Standard Evaluation Form of the International Knee Documentation Committee. At follow-up there were no differences between the two groups in any of the evaluated parameters except for squatting ability. The two groups differed significantly (P < 0.01) with regard to the squatting score: 11 patients in group I had decreased squatting ability, and 6 of these were not able to squat beyond 90 degrees of flexion. In contrast, only 4 patients in group II had slightly impaired squatting ability. It is likely that this difference between the two groups is related to the magnitude of the pretension applied to the ligament prosthesis, and that the pretension exerts its influence through a change in the knee kinematics introduced at the time of the reconstruction.
An HIV-1 and HIV-2 cross-reactive cytotoxic T-cell epitope (1990)

The HLA-B27-restricted HIV gag cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope, 265-279, is highly conserved amongst HIV-1 isolates, only one, HIV-1ELI, having a single amino acid substitution. Over the same region HIV-2 differs by five amino acids. As a broadly cross-protective AIDS vaccine should protect against infection from all isolates of HIV-1 and HIV-2, we tested CTL specific for the HIV-1 265-279 epitope with peptide analogues from HIV-1ELI, HIV-2 and two simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolates, and with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the respective gag genes, to determine whether there was any cross-reactivity for this CTL epitope. CTL from the HIV-1-infected donor could recognize the HIV-1ELI peptide, the HIV-2 peptide and recombinant vaccinia virus-infected target and one of the two SIV peptide-treated targets. Epitopes that exhibit such cross-reactivity may be valuable in vaccine design.
Identification of novel genomic islands coding for antigenic pilus‐like structures in Streptococcus agalactiae (2006)

We have recently reported the presence of covalently linked pilus-like structures in the human pathogen, Group B Streptococcus (GBS). The pilus operon codes for three proteins which contain the conserved amino acid motif, LPXTG, associated with cell wall-anchored proteins together with two genes coding for sortase enzymes. Analysis of the eight sequenced genomes of GBS has led to the identification of a second, related genomic island of which there are two variants, each containing genes coding for proteins with LPXTG motifs and sortases. Here we show that both variant islands also code for pilus-like structures. Furthermore, we provide a thorough description and characterization of the genomic organization of the islands and the role of each protein in the assembly of the pili. For each pilus, polymerization of one of the three component proteins is essential for incorporation of the other two proteins into the pilus structure. In addition, two sortases are required for complete pilus assembly, each with specificity for one of the pilus components. A component protein of one of the newly identified pili is also a previously identified protective antigen and a second component of this pilus is shown to confer protection against GBS challenge. We propose that pilus-like structures are important virulence factors and potential vaccine candidates.
Effects of hematopoietin-1 and interleukin 1 activities on early hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow (1988)

Hematopoietin-1 (H-1) was purified from the human cell line 5637 and two amino acid sequences were observed in the preparation. One sequence was identical to that of interleukin 1 alpha (IL 1 alpha) and the other to that of IL 1 beta. The action of recombinant IL 1 alpha and other hematopoietic growth factors was studied using (a) a high proliferative potential colony-forming cell assay that uses primitive hematopoietic precursors from bone marrow, and (b) a spleen colony-forming unit assay. The results indicate that the IL 1 alpha target cell population is different than the target cell populations of IL 3, granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor; that IL 1 alpha in combination with mononuclear phagocyte colony-stimulating factor provides a proliferative stimulus; and that IL 1 alpha has at least a survival- enhancing and possibly proliferation-inducing effect on primitive hematopoietic stem cells.
Febuxostat Compared with Allopurinol in Patients with Hyperuricemia and Gout (2005)

Febuxostat, at a daily dose of 80 mg or 120 mg, was more effective than allopurinol at the commonly used fixed daily dose of 300 mg in lowering serum urate. Similar reductions in gout flares and tophus area occurred in all treatment groups.
Daytime Pulmonary Hemodynamics in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea without Lung Disease (1999)

It is controversial whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the absence of hypoxemic lung disease. To investigate this further we measured awake pulmonary hemodynamics, pulmonary gas exchange, and small airways function in 32 patients with OSA (apnea- hypopnea index, mean +/- SE, 46.2 +/- 3. 9/h) who had normal screening lung function. Pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) and cardiac output were measured by Doppler echocardiography at three levels of inspired oxygen (FIO2 0.50, 0.21, and 0.11) and during incremental increases in pulmonary blood flow (10, 20, and 30 microgram/kg/min dobutamine infusions) while breathing 50% oxygen. Eleven patients had PH (mean Ppa >/= 20 mm Hg, Group I). They did not differ from patients without PH (Group II) in lung function, severity of sleep-disordered breathing, age, or body mass. Compared with Group II, Group I patients had increased small airways closure during tidal breathing (FRC-closing capacity: Group I, -0.16 +/- 0.11; Group II, 0.27 +/- 0.09 L; p < 0.05), more ventilation-perfusion inequality (AaPO2: 23.8 +/- 2.8; 19.8 +/- 1.4 mm Hg; p = 0.08), a greater pulmonary artery pressor response to hypoxia (DeltaPpa FIO2, 0.50 to 0.11: 16.4 +/- 1.93; 6.4 +/- 0.77 mm Hg; p < 0.05) and a marked rise in Ppa during increased pulmonary blood flow. We conclude that PH may develop in some patients with OSA without lung disease and that it is associated with small airways closure during tidal breathing and heightened pulmonary pressor responses to hypoxia and during increased pulmonary blood flow. Such changes are consistent with remodeling of the pulmonary vascular bed in affected patients with OSA, seemingly unrelated to severity of sleep-disordered breathing.
Octadecanoid Precursors of Jasmonic Acid Activate the Synthesis of Wound-Inducible Proteinase Inhibitors. (1992)

Jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate have been shown previously to be powerful inducers of proteinase inhibitors in tomato, tobacco, and alfalfa leaves. We show here that when proposed octadecanoid precursors of jasmonic acid, i.e., linolenic acid, 13(S)-hydroperoxylinolenic acid, and phytodienoic acid, were applied to the surfaces of tomato leaves, these compounds also served as powerful inducers of proteinase inhibitor I and II synthesis, a simulation of a wound response. By contrast, compounds closely related to the precursors but which are not intermediates in the jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathway did not induce proteinase inhibitor synthesis. These results suggest that the octadecanoid intermediates may participate in a lipid-based signaling system that activates proteinase inhibitor synthesis in response to insect and pathogen attack.
Cylindrical ultrasonic transducers for cardiac catheter ablation (1997)

This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of using cylindrical ultrasound transducers mounted on a catheter for the ablation of cardiac tissues. In addition, the effects of ultrasound frequency and power was evaluated both using computer simulations and in vitro experiments. Frequencies of 4.5, 6, and 10 MHz were selected based on the simulation studies and manufacturing feasibility. These transducers were mounted on the tip of 7-French catheters and applied in vitro to fresh ventricular canine endocardium, submerged in flowing degassed saline at 37 degree C. When the power was regulated to maintain transducer interface temperature at 90-100 degree C, the 10-, 6-, and 4.5-MHz transducers generated a lesion depth of 5.9 +/- 0.2 mm, 4.6 +/- 1.0 mm, and 5.3 +/- 0.9 mm, respectively. The 10-MHz transducer was chosen for the in vivo tests since the maximum lesion depth was achieved with the lowest power. Two dogs were anesthetized and sonications were performed in both the left and right ventricles. The 10-MHz cylindrical transducers caused an average lesion depth of 6.4 +/- 2.5 mm. In conclusion, the results show that cylindrical ultrasound transducers can be used for cardiac tissue ablation and that they may be able to produce deeper tissue necrosis than other methods currently in use.
Characterization of T7-specific Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase (1973)

The biochemical properties and template specificity of the T7 phage-specific DNA-dependent RNA polymerase have been studied. The enzyme shows the same absolute requirements for DNA, nucleoside triphosphates, and a divalent metal ion as are found for bacterial RNA polymerases, however, the conditions for optimal RNA synthesis are somewhat different. The T7 RNA polymerase initiates T7 RNA chains rapidly with GTP; each enzyme molecule can initiate several T7 RNA chains in the course of the reaction. Hence, an efficient termination mechanism is present in the in vitro system. Of the helical DNAs tested, only T7 DNA, T3 DNA, and salmon sperm DNA have appreciable template activity with T7 RNA polymerase. A variety of single-stranded and denatured DNAs support RNA synthesis but at a reduced rate. Of the helical synthetic polynucleotides tested only d(I)n·d(C)n and d(G)n·d(C)n were active; both support the synthesis of poly[r(G)]. In contrast, both single-stranded poly[d(C)] and poly[d(T)] served as templates. It is suggested that T7 RNA polymerase requires a specific promoter site on DNA for effective transcription; this site is different from that used by bacterial RNA polymerase and may be rich in cytosine and thymidine residues.