gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A twin study on age-related macular degeneration. (1994)

A prospective twin study on age-related macular degeneration (AMD) recruited 83 monozygotic pairs, 28 dizygotic pairs, and one triplet set from 1986 through 1993. Zygosity was determined by genetic testing of red cell markers, HLA antigens, or specific DNA loci. There were no twin pairs in which I collected data on only one twin. To decrease ascertainment bias, after 1991 the recruitment notice did not mention AMD, and I did not ask about a history of eye disease before the eye examination. Because of this, twin pairs recruited from 1986 through 1991 were statistically analyzed separately from those after January 1, 1992. From 1986 through 1991, 23 twin pairs were recruited; 11 monozygotic and 2 dizygotic pairs had nonAMD retinal changes or no retinal abnormalities, 9 monozygotic pairs with AMD were all concordant, and 1 dizygotic pair was discordant for basal laminar drusen. The concordance rate of AMD did not differ significantly between monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs (P = .10) for 1986 through 1991. In 1992 and 1993, 88 twin pairs and one triplet set were recruited; 49 monozygotic and 19 dizygotic pairs had nonAMD retinal changes or no retinal abnormalities, 14 monozygotic pairs with AMD were all concordant, and 2 of 7 dizygotic pairs were concordant for AMD. The nonidentical triplets (1 with and 2 without AMD) were categorized as one of the discordant dizygotic pairs in the statistical evaluation. In nontwin age-matched (within 2 or 5 years of age) or age- and sex-matched sibling pairs the concordance rate of AMD ranged from 16% to 25%. The concordance rate of AMD was significantly higher in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins (P = .001) for 1992 and 1993. The concordance rate was higher for monozygotic twin pairs recruited in 1992 and 1993 than in any of the four subsets of nontwin age-method or age- and sex-matched sibling pairs (P < .0001). Overall, from 1986 through 1993, 23 of 23 monozygotic and 2 of 8 dizygotic twin pairs were concordant for AMD; this included the one dizygotic pair which was discordant for basal laminar drusen. The data of this study strongly suggest a genetic predisposition to AMD.
Fatty Acid Export from the Chloroplast. Molecular Characterization of a Major Plastidial Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase from Arabidopsis (2002)

Acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetases (ACSs, EC 6.2.1.3) catalyze the formation of fatty acyl-CoAs from free fatty acid, ATP, and CoA. Essentially all de novo fatty acid synthesis occurs in the plastid. Fatty acids destined for membrane glycerolipid and triacylglycerol synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum must be first activated to acyl-CoAs via an ACS. Within a family of nine ACS genes from Arabidopsis, we identified a chloroplast isoform, LACS9. LACS9 is highly expressed in developing seeds and young rosette leaves. Both in vitro chloroplast import assays and transient expression of a green fluorescent protein fusion indicated that the LACS9 protein is localized in the plastid envelope. A T-DNA knockout mutant (lacs9-1) was identified by reverse genetics and these mutant plants were indistinguishable from wild type in growth and appearance. Analysis of leaf lipids provided no evidence for compromised export of acyl groups from chloroplasts. However, direct assays demonstrated that lacs9-1 plants contained only 10% of the chloroplast long-chain ACS activity found for wild type. The residual long-chain ACS activity in mutant chloroplasts was comparable with calculated rates of fatty acid synthesis. Although another isozyme contributes to the activation of fatty acids during their export from the chloroplast, LACS9 is a major chloroplast ACS.
Transcription of tufA and other chloroplast-encoded genes is controlled by a circadian clock in Chlamydomonas. (1996)

Levels of mRNA for the chloroplast-encoded elongation factor Tu (tufA) showed a dramatic daily oscillation in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, peaking once each day in the early light period. The oscillation of tufA mRNA levels continued in cells shifted to continuous light or continuous dark for at least 2-3 days. Run-off transcription analyses showed that the rate of tufA transcription also peaked early in the light period and, moreover, that this transcriptional oscillation continued in cells shifted to continuous conditions. The half-life of tufA mRNA was estimated at different times and found to vary considerably during a light-dark cycle but not in cells shifted to continuous light. Light-dark patterns of transcription of several other chloroplast-encoded genes were examined and also found to persist in cells shifted to continuous light or dark. These results indicate that a circadian clock controls the transcription of tufA and other chloroplast-encoded genes.
Catalytic Mechanism of Endonuclease V: A Catalytic and Regulatory Two-Metal Model (2006)

The enzyme endonuclease V initiates repair of deaminated DNA bases by making an endonucleolytic incision on the 3' side one nucleotide from a base lesion. In this study, we have used site-directed mutagenesis to characterize the role of the highly conserved residues D43, E89, D110, and H214 in Thermotoga maritima endonuclease V catalysis. DNA cleavage and Mn(2+)-rescue analysis suggest that amino acid substitutions at D43 impede the enzymatic activity severely while mutations at E89 and D110 may be tolerated. Mutations at H214 yield enzyme that maintains significant DNA cleavage activity. The H214D mutant exhibits little change in substrate specificity or DNA cleavage kinetics, suggesting the exchangeability between His and Asp at this site. DNA binding analysis implicates the involvement of the four residues in metal binding. Mn(2+)-mediated cleavage of inosine-containing DNA is stimulated by the addition of Ca(2+), a metal ion that does not support catalysis. The effects of Mn(2+) on Mg(2+)-mediated DNA cleavage show a complexed initial stimulatory and later inhibitory pattern. The data obtained from the dual metal ion analyses lead to the notion that two metal ions are involved in endonuclease V-mediated catalysis. A catalytic and regulatory two-metal model is proposed.
Altersetin, a New Antibiotic from Cultures of Endophytic Alternaria spp. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Biological Activities. (2002)

A novel antibacterial antibiotic, for which the name altersetin is proposed, was isolated from the culture broth of two endophytic Alternaria species. The relative and absolute configuration were assigned by NOESY or CD data, respectively. Altersetin is chemically related to equisetin and showed potent MIC against several pathogenic gram-positive bacteria, whereas gram-negative bacteria and pathogenic yeast were not or much less susceptible. Moderate in vivo efficiacy was observed for altersetin in a murine sepsis model.
The Effects of AlF[sub 3] Coating on the Performance of Li[Li[sub 0.2]Mn[sub 0.54]Ni[sub 0.13]Co[sub 0.13]]O[sub 2] Positive Electrode Material for Lithium-Ion Battery (2008)

-coated materials have been synthesized as positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The pristine and -coated materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and charge–discharge techniques. The electrochemical studies indicated that the -coated showed initial irreversible capacity loss of only compared to for pristine material. Meanwhile, the coated material also exhibited better rate capability and cyclic performance, which has higher capacity retention of 87.9% after at rate at room temperature in comparison with only 67.8% for the pristine one. The functional mechanism of coating on the performance of was also investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). EIS analysis indicated that -coated had stable charge transfer resistance . In situ DEMS results revealed that the activity of extracted oxygen species from layered positive electrode material was greatly reduced and the decomposition of the electrolyte was significantly suppressed for -coated . Therefore, more oxygen molecules rather than carbon dioxide were observed in the coated material system. It is demonstrated again that the coating layer played an important role in the stabilization of the electrode/electrolyte interface for the coated material.
C-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (CNP) IN RATS AND HUMANS (1991)

We have established a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), the third member of the natriuretic peptide family, and have elucidated its tissue distribution and molecular form. In rats, high concentrations of CNP-like immunoreactivity (-LI) were detected in the anterior lobe (19.8 +/- 8.6 pmol/g) and neurointermediate lobe (4.64 +/- 0.74 pmol/g) of the pituitary gland. CNP-LI was present throughout the brain with its high concentrations in the hypothalamus and cerebellum. Small amounts of CNP-LI were also detected in the lower part of gastrointestinal tract and the kidney. However, no significant amount of CNP-LI was present in other organs including the heart. Considerable amounts of CNP-LI were detected throughout the human brain. High performance-gel permeation chromatography coupled with the RIA detected two peaks of CNP-LI in the rat brain; CNP and presumably its N-terminally elongated form with 53 amino-acid residues, CNP-53. These findings indicate that the tissue distribution and processing pattern of CNP are clearly different from those of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide and suggest possible roles of CNP as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator rather than as a cardiac hormone.
Regulation of dendritic cell maturation and function by Bruton's tyrosine kinase via IL-10 and Stat3 (2005)

Btk plays crucial roles in the differentiation and activation of B and myeloid cells. Despite drastic reductions of other Ig isotypes, paradoxically high IgE responses have been known in btk mutant mice. Here we show that btk(-/-) dendritic cells exhibit a more mature phenotype and a stronger in vitro and in vivo T cell-stimulatory ability than wild-type cells. Increased IgE responses were induced by adoptive transfer of btk(-/-) dendritic cells into mice. Consistent with the stronger T cell-stimulatory ability of btk(-/-) dendritic cells, btk(-/-) mice exhibited enhanced inflammation in Th2-driven asthma and Th1-driven contact sensitivity experiments. These negative regulatory functions of Btk in dendritic cells appear to be mediated mainly through autocrine secretion of IL-10 and subsequent activation of Stat3.
Transistor design and application considerations for &lt; 200-GHz SiGe HBTs (2003)

SiGe HBT transistors achieving over 200 GHz f/sub T/ and f/sub MAX/ are demonstrated in this paper. Techniques and trends in SiGe HBT design are discussed. Processing techniques available to silicon technologies are utilized to minimize parasitic resistances and capacitances and thereby establish raw speeds exceeding III-V devices despite the higher mobility in those materials. Higher current densities and greater avalanche currents, which are required for establishing such high performance, are discussed as they relate to device self-heating and reliability and the degradation of the devices. Simple circuit results are shown, demonstrating 4.2-ps ring-oscillator delays.
A fifteen atom silver cluster confined in bovine serum albumin (2011)

Luminescent Ag15 clusters confined in bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been prepared by a simple wet chemical route. The luminescence, exhibiting a maximum at 685 nm, is observable to the naked eye. The chemical composition of these clusters was analyzed using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX). Intact Ag15@BSA is observed by MALDI MS. Multiple charge states of the cluster are observed confirming the mass assignment. The clusters showed a quantum yield of 10.71% in water and the luminescence was stable in a pH range of 1–12. Stability of the clusters was enhanced by the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The clusters showed luminescence in the solid state as well. Evolution of clusters with variation in the amount of reducing agent added shows that the cluster formation goes through an intermediate state of bound silver, formed instantaneously after the addition of Ag+, which transforms to the cluster. High yield synthesis and exciting photophysical properties make our new material interesting for various applications such as biolabeling and imaging.
Genetic analysis of the fragile-X mental retardation syndrome with two flanking polymorphic DNA markers. (1986)

The fragile-X mental retardation syndrome, one of the most prevalent chromosome X-linked diseases (approximately equal to 1 of 2000 newborn males), is characterized by the presence in affected males and in a portion of carrier females of a fragile site at chromosomes band Xq27. We have performed a linkage analysis in 16 families between the locus for the fragile-X syndrome, FRAXQ27, and two polymorphic DNA markers that correspond to the anonymous probe St14 and to the coagulation factor IX gene F9. Our results indicate that the order of loci is centromere-F9-FRAXQ27-St14-Xqter. The estimate of the recombination fraction for the linkage F9-FRAXQ27 is 0.12 (90% confidence limits: 0.044-0.225) and 0.10 for FRAXQ27-St14 (90% confidence limits: 0.040-0.185). Recombination between St14 and F9 does not appear to be significantly different in normal and fragile-X families. The two flanking probes were used for diagnosis of the carrier state and for detection of transmission of the disease through phenotypically normal males. They should also allow first-trimester diagnosis with a reliability of about 98% in 40% of the families. Used in conjunction with the cytogenetic analysis, the segregation studies with both probes should improve the genetic counseling for the fragile-X syndrome and should be useful for the formal genetic analysis of this unique disease.
A coupled chemo-fluidic computational model for thrombogenesis in infarcted left ventricles (2016)

A coupled chemo-fluidic computational model for investigating flow-mediated thrombogenesis in infarcted left ventricles (LVs) is proposed. LV thrombus (LVT) formation after the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may lead to thromboembolic events that are associated with high mortality and morbidity, and reliable stratification of LVT risk is the key to managing the treatment of AMI patients. There have been several studies emphasizing the importance of LV blood flow patterns on thrombus formation; however, given the complex interplay between ventricular flow dynamics and biochemistry of thrombogenesis, current understanding is mostly empirical. In the present model, blood flow in the LV is obtained by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, and this is coupled to the biochemical modeling of the coagulation cascade, platelet activation, and fibrinogen polymerization. The coupled model is used to examine the effect of ventricular flow patterns on thrombogenesis in modeled ventricles. It is expected that the method developed here will enable in-depth studies of thrombogenesis in patient-derived infarcted LV models.
TCP and Successive Fast Retransmits (1995)

Thiabendazole, a systemic fungicide used to treat vegetables and fruits during postharvest process, persists as detrimental residue to consumers. We combine a molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to form a novel MISPE-SERS chemosensor and determined thiabendazole in orange juice. Kinetic and static adsorption tests validated the efficient and selective adsorption of thiabendazole using synthesized MIPs via precipitation polymerization. Synthesized MIPs were packed into solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge to serve as tailor-made sorbents for the separation of thiabendazole in orange juice. Silver colloids synthesized by reduction of AgNO<sub>3</sub> by trisodium citrate were used as SERS-active substrate to quantify the eluted thiabendazole from MISPE. The overall process including sample preparation and detection took 23min and the limit of detection of this chemosensor was 4ppm for thiabendazole in orange juice. This chemosensor can be used for rapid and sensitive detection of thiabendazole in agri-foods.
CA19-9 epitope a possible marker for MUC-1/Y protein (2001)

It has been reported that MUC-1 molecules devoid of the tandem repeat region (MUC-1/Y) are detected preferentially in carcinoma cells and are associated with their progression. However, its clinical significance is still unknown. We constructed a mouse colon adenocarcinoma cell line (MC-38) transduced with either MUC-1/Y cDNA defecting the tandem repeat region (Y-MC-38) or MUC-1/R cDNA containing ten tandem repeats (R-MC-38). RT-PCR of mRNAs derived from Y-MC-38 cells using the specific primers to MUC-1/Y mRNAs, proved the existence of 600 bp RT-PCR products generated only from MUC-1/Y mRNAs. DF3 and CA19-9 epitopes out of the MUC-1-related tumor-associated antigens, have been reported to be involved in the prognosis of cancer patients. We examined the expression of DF3 and CA19-9 epitopes on Y-MC-38 and R-MC-38 cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of R-MC-38 and Y-MC-38 cells using two monoclonal antibodies against DF3 (mAb DF3) and CA19-9 (mAb CA19-9) epitopes revealed that R-MC-38 cells expressed DF3 but not CA19-9 [DF3(+)CA19-9(-)], while Y-MC-38 cells expressed CA19-9 but not DF3 [DF3(-)CA19-9(+)]. On Western blot, a 40 kDa protein product was recognized by mAb CA19-9 but not by mAb DF3 on cell lysates of Y-MC-38 cells, whereas a 70 kDa protein product was recognized by mAb DF3 but not by mAb CA19-9 on the cell lysates of R-MC-38. Further, we analyzed the expression of MUC-1/Y mRNAs by RT-PCR on various human cancer cell lines: the gastric cancer cell line AZ521, the pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and Capan-1, the gall bladder cell line GBK-1, the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and the colon cancer cell lines HT-29 and Colo205. HT-29 and Capan-1 cells producing the 600 bp RT-PCR product, were positive for mAb CA19-9. These results demonstrate that CA19-9 epitope is produced only on MUC-1/Y core protein, suggesting that CA19-9 epitope may be a specific marker for MUC-1/Y protein.
The design of backlights for view-sequential 3D (2009)

We have demonstrated a backlight which emits collimated light whose direction can be scanned through 16°. Combined with a high frame rate LCD, this lets us display stereo 3D with no need for glasses.
Clonidine Prevents Methylxanthine Stimulation of Norepinephrine Metabolism in Rat Brain (1983)

Methylxanthines can produce behavior resembling opiate withdrawal in rats. Since previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of central noradrenergic systems during naloxone-precipitated withdrawal, the effects of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) on norepinephrine metabolism in rat brain were studied. It was found that administration of IBMX elevated levels of the major norepinephrine metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in areas innervated by the locus coeruleus. The increases in MHPG was noted 1 h after administration and was maximal (270% of control) after 3 h. Levels of another norepinephrine metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, followed a similar pattern and time course. Coadministration of naloxone with IBMX did not affect the IBMX-induced elevation in MHPG. Administration of the alpha-agonist clonidine, however, antagonized the effects of IBMX on MHPG levels. The effects of IBMX and clonidine were dose dependent; the lowest dose of IBMX needed to elevate MHPG was 30 mumol/kg (i.p.), and clonidine (180 nmol/kg) reduced the effect of IBMX (100 mumol/kg) by 50%. The data, discussed in terms of a methylxanthine-noradrenergic interaction, suggest that withdrawal behaviors in general may be subserved by hyperactive noradrenergic neurons.
Polyvalent Envelope Glycoprotein Vaccine Elicits a Broader Neutralizing Antibody Response but Is Unable To Provide Sterilizing Protection against Heterologous Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Pigtailed Macaques (2001)

The great difficulty in eliciting broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates has been attributed to several intrinsic properties of their viral envelope glycoprotein, including its complex quaternary structure, extensive glycosylation, and marked genetic variability. Most previously evaluated vaccine candidates have utilized envelope glycoprotein from a single virus isolate. Here we compare the breadth of NAb and protective immune response following vaccination of pigtailed macaques with envelope protein(s) derived from either single or multiple viral isolates. Animals were challenged with Simian/human immunodeficiency virus strain DH12 (SHIV(DH12)) following priming with recombinant vaccinia virus(es) expressing gp160(s) and boosting with gp120 protein(s) from (i) LAI, RF, 89.6, AD8, and Bal (Polyvalent); (ii) LAI, RF, 89.6, AD8, Bal, and DH12 (Polyvalent-DH12); (iii) 89.6 (Monovalent-89.6); and (iv) DH12 (Monovalent-DH12). Animals in the two polyvalent vaccine groups developed NAbs against more HIV-1 isolates than those in the two monovalent vaccine groups (P = 0.0054). However, the increased breadth of response was directed almost entirely against the vaccine strains. Resistance to SHIV(DH12) strongly correlated with the level of NAbs directed against the virus on the day of challenge (P = 0.0008). Accordingly, the animals in the Monovalent-DH12 and Polyvalent-DH12 vaccine groups were more resistant to the SHIV(DH12) challenge than the macaques immunized with preparations lacking a DH12 component (viz. Polyvalent and Monovalent-89.6) (P = 0.039). Despite the absence of any detectable NAb, animals in the Polyvalent vaccine group, but not those immunized with Monovalent-89.6, exhibited markedly lower levels of plasma virus than those in the control group, suggesting a superior cell-mediated immune response induced by the polyvalent vaccine.
Imaging, structural, and chemical analysis of silicon nanowires (2002)

Laser ablation has been used to grow silicon nanowires with an average silicon crystal core diameter of 6.7 nm±2.9 nm surrounded by an amorphous SiOx sheath of 1–2 nm, the smallest silicon wires reported in the literature. Imaging, chemical, and structural analysis of these wires are reported. Due to the growth temperature and the presence of calcium impurities and trace oxygen, two distinct types of wires are found. They appear to grow by two different processes. One requires a metal catalyst, the other is catalyzed by oxygen. Suggestions for controlled synthesis based on these growth mechanisms are made.
Factor VIII, 1981 (1981)

During the past decade there has been intense research interest in hemophilia and von Willebrand’s disease, and in the properties of factor VIII. These studies have provided an evolving understanding of factor VIII structure and function. A central issue during this period has been the nature of plasma factor VIII. The initial concept of a single protein with two distinct biologic functions has proved to be less satisfactory as an explanation for experimental data than the alternative hypothesis that plasma factor VIII is a complex of two distinct proteins. Recent studies indicate that factor VIII procoagulant protein (antihemophilic factor) and factor VUI-related protein (von Willebrand factor) are under separate genetic control, have distinct biochemical and immunologic properties, and have unique and essential physiologic functions. While the nature of their interaction and the details of their biochemical structures remain to be determined, the information now available permits a preliminary understanding of the molecular defects in hemophilia and von Willebrand’s disease. This paper will discuss what is known about the components of the factor VIII complex and it will emphasize the limits of our understanding of how these proteins facilitate plasma coagulation and primary hemostasis.