gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passive protection by polyclonal antibodies against Bacillus anthracis infection in guinea pigs (1997)

The protective effects of polyclonal antisera produced by injecting guinea pigs with protective antigen (PA), the chemical anthrax vaccine AVA, or Sterne spore vaccine, as well as those of toxin-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) produced against PA, lethal factor, and edema factor, were examined in animals infected with Bacillus anthracis spores. Only the anti-PA polyclonal serum significantly protected the guinea pigs from death, with 67% of infected animals surviving. Although none of the MAbs was protective, one PA MAb caused a significant delay in time to death. Our findings demonstrate that antibodies produced against only PA can provide passive protection against anthrax infection in guinea pigs.
A chloroplast processing enzyme involved in precursor maturation shares a zinc-binding motif with a recently recognized family of metalloendopeptidases. (1995)

Nuclear-encoded proteins targeted to the chloroplast are typically synthesized with N-terminal transit peptides which are proteolytically removed upon import. Structurally related proteins of 145 and 143 kDa copurify with a soluble chloroplast processing enzyme (CPE) that cleaves the precursor for the major light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein and have been implicated in the maturation of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and acyl carrier protein. The 145- and 143-kDa proteins have not been found as a heterodimer and thus may represent functionally independent isoforms encoded by separate genes. Here we describe the primary structure of a 140-kDa polypeptide encoded by cDNAs isolated by using antibodies raised against the 145/143-kDa doublet. The 140-kDa polypeptide contains a transit peptide, and strikingly, a His-Xaa-Xaa-Glu-His zinc-binding motif that is conserved in a recently recognized family of metalloendopeptidases, which includes Escherichia coli protease III, insulin-degrading enzyme, and subunit beta of the mitochondrial processing peptidase. Identity of 25-30%, concentrated near the N terminus of the 140-kDa polypeptide, is found with these proteases. Expression of CPE in leaves is not light dependent. Indeed, transcripts are present in dark-grown plants, and the 145/143-kDa doublet and proteolytic activity are both found in etioplasts, as well as in root plastids. Thus, CPE appears to be a necessary component of the import machinery in photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic tissues, and it may function as a general stromal processing peptidase in plastids.
Performance and resource modeling in highly-concurrent OLTP workloads (2013)

Database administrators of Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) systems constantly face difficult questions. For example, "What is the maximum throughput I can sustain with my current hardware?", "How much disk I/O will my system perform if the requests per second double?", or "What will happen if the ratio of transactions in my system changes?". Resource prediction and performance analysis are both vital and difficult in this setting. Here the challenge is due to high degrees of concurrency, competition for resources, and complex interactions between transactions, all of which non-linearly impact performance.
Control of Filament Formation in Candida albicans by the Transcriptional Repressor TUP1 (1997)

The pathogenic yeast Candida albicans regulates its cellular morphology in response to environmental conditions. Ellipsoidal, single cells (blastospores) predominate in rich media, whereas filaments composed of elongated cells that are attached end-to-end form in response to starvation, serum, and other conditions. The TUP1 gene, which encodes a general transcriptional repressor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , was isolated from C. albicans and disrupted. The resulting tup1 mutant strain of C. albicans grew exclusively as filaments under all conditions tested. TUP1 was epistatic to the transcriptional activator CPH1 , previously found to promote filamentous growth. The results suggest a model where TUP1 represses genes responsible for initiating filamentous growth and this repression is lifted under inducing environmental conditions.
Synthetic Plant Promoters Containing Defined Regulatory Elements Provide Novel Insights into Pathogen- and Wound-Induced Signaling (2002)

Pathogen-inducible plant promoters contain multiple cis-acting elements, only some of which may contribute to pathogen inducibility. Therefore, we made defined synthetic promoters containing tetramers of only a single type of element and present evidence that a range of cis-acting elements (boxes W1, W2, GCC, JERE, S, Gst1, and D) can mediate local gene expression in planta after pathogen attack. The expression patterns of the promoters were monitored during interactions with a number of pathogens, including compatible, incompatible, and nonhost interactions. Interestingly, there were major differences in the inducibilities of the various promoters with the pathogens tested as well as differences in the speed of induction and in the basal expression levels. We also show that defense signaling is largely conserved across species boundaries at the cis-acting element level. Many of these promoters also direct local wound-induced expression, and this provides evidence for the convergence of resistance gene, nonhost, and wound responses at the level of the promoter elements. We have used these cis-acting elements to construct improved synthetic promoters and show the effects of varying the number, order, and spacing of such elements. These promoters are valuable additions to the study of signaling and transcriptional activation during plant-pathogen interactions.
Synthetic Analogues of Naturally Occurring Spider Toxins (1992)

Abstract Naturally occurring spider toxins are potent inhibitors of glutamate receptors of the central nervous system and have the general structure (hetero)arylacyl→aminoacyl( I )→polyamine→aminoacyl( II ) (the arrow indicates the direction of an amide linkage). In the present paper, the synthesis of the ten spider‐toxin analogues 13 , 18 , 21 , 28 , 35 , 37 , 39 , 41 , 45 , and 53 are reported ( Schemes 1–12 ). These compounds differ in their subunits and, in some cases, in the sequence of these moieties.
Frequency doubling of femtosecond erbium-fiber soliton lasers in periodically poled lithium niobate (1997)

We report efficient frequency doubling of passively mode-locked femtosecond erbium-fiber lasers. Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in periodically poled lithium niobate is used to generate 8.1 mW of 190-fs (FWHM), 90-pJ pulses at 777 nm with a conversion efficiency greater than can be obtained with existing birefringently phase-matched nonlinear materials. A dispersion-compensation-free soliton oscillator generating transform-limited 230-fs (FWHM) pulses at 1554 nm is used as a pump laser.
Augmentation of Exposure Therapy With D-Cycloserine for Social Anxiety Disorder (2006)

The pilot data provide preliminary support for the use of short-term dosing of d-cycloserine as an adjunctive intervention to exposure therapy for SAD.
Corticosteroids and the original vasopressin and septic shock trial subgroups (2009)

Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (Southard) Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (Boyle)
[Psychological variables and success of interpersonal coordination of motor performance tasks]. (1992)

This paper examines which dispositional, cognitive and motivational variables will contribute to improved multi-person motor coordination. The study conceptually refers to a control-theoretical approach of continuous motor behavior. According to this approach interpersonal behavior should be determined by similar regulative processes as is individual behavior. Results of a laboratory study with 18 three-person groups support assumptions of this approach. Substantial effects on group performance are found for dispositional and motivational variables. Theoretical implications of the results obtained are discussed. Conclusions for applied issues are derived.
Correlation between serum reactivity to Demodex-associated Bacillus oleronius proteins, and altered sebum levels and Demodex populations in erythematotelangiectatic rosacea patients (2013)

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the skin of the face and the eyes. The aetiology of rosacea is not clearly established but increasing evidence suggests a potential role for bacteria in the induction of the condition. A role for Bacillus oleronius, originally isolated from within a Demodex folliculorum mite, in the aetiology of the condition has been suggested. The aim of the study was to determine whether a correlation existed between the level of sebum and the density of D. folliculorum in the skin of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea patients, and the reactivity of these patients' sera to proteins of B. oleronius. Serum reactivity to the 62 and 83 kDa B. oleronius proteins was found in 82.6 % (62/75) of the rosacea patients and in 26.9 % (14/52) of controls (P = 0.0016). In the group of rosacea patients whose sera reacted to B. oleronius proteins, the level of sebum was statistically lower than in controls (P = 0.01). The density of D. folliculorum on the face of Bacillus positive rosacea patients was statistically higher than controls (P = 0.0001). Rosacea patients demonstrated increased Demodex populations on their faces and reduced sebum levels. Their sera also showed reactivity to B. oleronius proteins, suggesting a potential role for this bacterium in the aetiology of rosacea.
Job‐Relevant Information and its Role with Task Uncertainty and Management Accounting Systems on Managerial Performance (2004)

This paper examines the effect of job‐relevant information on the relationship between management accounting systems (MAS) and task uncertainty affecting managerial performance. Data are obtained via survey questionnaire of a sample of 131 senior managers from manufacturing firms in Australia. The study finds a statistically significant three‐way interaction between the extent of use of broad scope MAS information, job‐relevant information and task uncertainty affecting managerial performance. More specifically, the results suggest that under low task uncertainty situations, the use of more broad scope MAS information, regardless of job‐relevant information, would potentially result in information overload, which is detrimental to managerial performance. On the other hand, the results suggest that under high task uncertainty situations, the use of more broad scope MAS information and high use of job‐relevant information for decision‐making leads to improved managerial performance.
Dielectric Properties and Strain Analysis in Paraelectric ZrTiO4Thin Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering (2000)

The dielectric constants and dielectric losses of ZrTiO 4 thin films deposited by DC magnetron reactive sputtering were investigated. The paraelectric properties were measured in the 100 kHz range, and compared with an equivalent circuit model. As the deposition temperature increased (up to 600°C), the dielectric losses (tan δ) decreased (down to 0.017±0.007), while the dielectric constants ( ε ) were in the range of 35±7. Post annealing at 800°C in oxygen for 2 h reduced tan δ down to 0.005±0.001, higher than those of well-sintered bulk ZrTiO 4 . The systematic trend of tan δ as a function of deposition temperature and post annealing showed good correlations with strains in ZrTiO 4 thin films deduced from the broadening of X-ray diffraction peak.
Phagocyte‐induced antigen‐specific activation of unprimed CD8+ T cells in vitro (1995)

The strict segregation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II loading pathways has been challenged by recent reports indicating that MHC class I molecules can acquire antigen in the phagocytic pathway. We now show that this alternative peptide loading pathway can be used efficiently to generate macrophages able to activate unprimed antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells in vitro. Short peptides (8-11 residues), administered in the phagocytic pathway at nanomolar concentrations, were found to be effective in specifically activating naïve cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro, but longer peptides or whole protein antigen were not. Whole protein antigen coated on beads did, however, render macrophages susceptible to lysis by an antigen-specific CTL clone. This indicates that proteolysis in the phagocytic pathway has limited capability for class I-restricted presentation. We propose a model for class I loading in the phagocytic pathway consisting of direct trafficking of nascent MHC class I from the trans-Golgi network to the phagosome, prior to appearance at the cell surface, and the use of the narrow cavity between bead and phagosomal membrane as a peptide exchange/loading compartment. Targeting immunogenic class I-binding peptide to the phagocytic pathway of macrophages facilitates presentation in association with class I. This is a useful tool for CTL response induction in vitro.
Iron-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation in 6 M KOH with in Situ Generation of Diazomethane (2012)

Diazomethane is a common and versatile reagent in organic synthesis whose broader use is generally impeded by its explosiveness and toxicity. Here we report that a simple iron porphyrin complex catalyzes the cyclopropanation of styrenes, enynes, and dienes under the demanding conditions [aqueous 6 molar potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, open to air] necessary for the in situ generation of diazomethane from a water-soluble diazald derivative. A biphasic reaction medium arising from the immiscibility of the olefin substrates with water appears essential to the overall efficiency of the process. The work we describe highlights an approach to catalysis with untoward reactive intermediates, in which the conditions for their generation under operationally safe regimes dictate catalyst selection.
Up-Regulation of c-Jun Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis via Caspase-Triggered c-Abl Cleavage in Human Multiple Myeloma (2007)

Here we show the antimyeloma cytotoxicity of adaphostin and carried out expression profiling of adaphostin-treated multiple myeloma (MM) cells to identify its molecular targets. Surprisingly, c-Jun was the most up-regulated gene even at the earliest point of analysis (2 h). We also observed adaphostin-induced c-Abl cleavage in immunoblot analysis. Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, but not melphalan or dexamethasone, induced similar effects, indicating unique agent-dependent mechanisms. Using caspase inhibitors, as well as caspase-resistant mutants of c-Abl (TM-c-Abl and D565A-Abl), we then showed that c-Abl cleavage in MM cells requires caspase activity. Importantly, both overexpression of the c-Abl fragment or c-Jun and knockdown of c-Abl and c-Jun expression by small interfering RNA confirmed that adaphostin-induced c-Jun up-regulation triggers downstream caspase-mediated c-Abl cleavage, inhibition of MM cell growth, and induction of apoptosis. Finally, our data suggest that this mechanism may not only be restricted to MM but may also be important in a broad range of malignancies including erythroleukemia and solid tumors.
Using words and phonetic strings for efficient information retrieval from imperfectly transcribed spoken documents (1997)

Searching for relevant material in documents containing transcription errors presents new challenges for Information Retrieval. This paper examines information retrieval effectiveness on a corpus of spoken broadcast news documents. For documents transcribed using speech recognition. a substantial number of retrieval errors are due to query terms that occur in the spoken document, but are not transcribed because they are not within the speech recognition system's lexicon, even if that lexicon contains twenty thousand words. It has been shown that a phonetic lattice search in conjunction with full word search regains some of the information lost due to out-of-vocabulary words. ln this paper an efficient alternative to this search is proposed that does not require a complete search of the phoneme lattices for all documents at run-time. By using fixed length strings of phonemes instead of phonetic lattices, an information retrieval system can search the phoneme space of a spoken document just as efficiently as a normal word document collection. Experimental evidence is presented that this technique permits the system to recapture some of the information lost due to out-of-vocabulary words in the speech recognition transcripts.
Changing Paradigm of Hemophilia Management: Extended Half-Life Factor Concentrates and Gene Therapy (2016)

Management of hemophilia has evolved significantly in the last century-from recognition of the causative mechanism in the 1950s to commercially available clotting factor concentrates in the 1960s. Availability of lyophilized concentrates in the 1970s set the stage for home-based therapy, followed by introduction of virally attenuated plasma-derived, and then recombinant factor concentrates in the 1980s and 1990s, respectively. The subsequent years saw a paradigm shift in treatment goals from on-demand therapy to prophylactic factor replacement starting at an early age, to prevent hemarthrosis becoming the standard of care for patients with severe hemophilia. In the developed world, the increasing use of home-based prophylactic regimens has significantly improved the quality of life, and life expectancy of patients with severe hemophilia. Seminal developments in the past 5 years, including the commercial availability of extended half-life factor concentrates and the publication of successful results of gene therapy for patients with hemophilia B, promise to further revolutionize hemophilia care over the next few decades. In this review, we summarize the evolution of management for hemophilia, with a focus on extended half-life factor concentrates and gene therapy.
Synthetic Allergenic Epitopes from the Amino-Terminal Regions of the Major Allergens of Hazel and Birch Pollen (1989)

Five immunogenic peptides from the major allergens of tree pollen extracts (residues 23-38) were synthesized by Merrifield solid-phase peptide synthesis. The primary structures of these peptides were deduced from the known N-terminal amino acid sequence of the major allergen of hazel, HIa, and birch, Bet v I. In a segment of 16 amino acids (23-38), 2 residues were the difference between birch and hazel. The selection of the peptides was on the basis of optimal hydropathicity. The segment 29-34 of these peptides was predicted to prefer a helical rather than beta-sheet conformational state. The insertion of amino acid residues during the synthesis was confirmed by the analysis of amino acid composition prior to coupling the preceding residue. The linearities of the synthetic chains were assigned by the primary structure analysis of the entire chain by automatic Edman degradation. The synthetic peptides were purified by gel filtration chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, resulting in satisfactory homogeneity of the preparations. The immunogenicity of the peptides was tested in rabbits using conjugated peptide-bovine serum albumin through a carbodiimide spacer arm. The results indicated that all constituents of the conjugate could elicit an immune response. The peptides gave precipitation lines in crossed immunoelectrophoresis when using rabbit antibodies against the conjugated preparation. All the synthetic peptides and analogues from region 23-38 could inhibit, in dose-response patterns, the binding of specific IgE to the intact molecules. Similar results were shown for the shorter segment 25-34, suggesting that the C-terminal tetrapeptide did not contribute to the activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cell surface proteoglycan binds mouse mammary epithelial cells to fibronectin and behaves as a receptor for interstitial matrix (1988)

The proteoglycan (PG) on the surface of NMuMG mouse mammary epithelial cells consists of at least two functional domains, a membrane-intercalated domain which anchors the PG to the plasma membrane, and a trypsin-releasable ectodomain which bears both heparan and chondroitin sulfate chains. The ectodomain binds cells to collagen types I, III, and V, but not IV, and has been proposed to be a matrix receptor. Because heparin binds to the adhesive glycoproteins fibronectin, an interstitial matrix component, and laminin, a basal lamina component, we asked whether the cell surface PG also binds these molecules. Cells harvested with either trypsin or EDTA bound to fibronectin; binding of trypsin-released cells was inhibited by the peptide GRGDS but not by heparin, whereas binding of EDTA-released cells was inhibited only by a combination of GRDS and heparin, suggesting two distinct cell binding mechanisms. In the presence of GRGDS, the EDTA-released cells bound to fibronectin via the cell surface PG. Binding via the cell surface PG was to the COOH-terminal heparin binding domain of fibronectin. In contrast with the binding to fibronectin, EDTA-released cells did not bind to laminin under identical assay conditions. Liposomes containing the isolated intact cell surface PG mimic the binding of whole cells. These results indicate that the mammary epithelial cells have at least two distinct cell surface receptors for fibronectin: a trypsin-resistant molecule that binds cells to the sequence RGD and a trypsin-labile, heparan sulfate-rich PG that binds cells to the COOH-terminal heparin binding domain. Because the cell surface PG binds cells to the interstitial collagens (types I, III, and V) and to fibronectin, but not to basal lamina collagen (type IV) or laminin, we conclude that the cell surface PG is a receptor on epithelial cells specific for interstitial matrix components.
Human Embryonic Stem Cells Possess Immune‐Privileged Properties (2004)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are envisioned to be a major source for cell-based therapies. Efforts to overcome rejection of hESCs include nuclear transfer and collection of hESC banks representing the broadest diversity of major histocompatability complex (MHC) polymorphorisms. Surprisingly, immune responses to hESCs have yet to be experimentally evaluated. Here, injection of hESCs into immune-competent mice was unable to induce an immune response. Undifferentiated and differentiated hESCs failed to stimulate proliferation of alloreactive primary human T cells and inhibited third-party allogeneic dendritic cell-mediated T-cell proliferation via cellular mechanisms independent of secreted factors. Upon secondary rechallenge, T cells cocultured with hESCs were still responsive to allogeneic stimulators but failed to proliferate upon re-exposure to hESCs. Our study demonstrates that hESCs possess unique immune-privileged characteristics and provides an unprecedented opportunity to further investigate the mechanisms of immune response to transplantation of hESCs that may avoid immune-mediated rejection.