gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
I‐NjaI, a nuclear intron‐encoded homing endonuclease from Naegleria, generates a pentanucleotide 3′ cleavage‐overhang within a 19 base‐pair partially symmetric DNA recognition site (1999)

Different species of the amoebo-flagellate Naegleria harbor optional group I introns in the nuclear ribosomal DNA that contain open reading frames. Intron proteins from Naegleria jamiesoni, Naegleria andersoni, and Naegleria italica (named I-NjaI, I-NanI and I-NitI, respectively) were expressed in Escherichia coli and found to be isoschizomeric homing endonucleases that specifically recognize and cleave intron-lacking homologous alleles of ribosomal DNA. The I-NjaI endonuclease was affinity purified, characterized in more detail, and found to generate five-nucleotide 3' staggered ends at the intron insertion site which differs from the ends generated by all other known homing endonucleases. The recognition site was delimited and found to cover an approximately 19 base-pair partially symmetric sequence spanning both the cleavage site and the intron insertion site. The palindromic feature was supported by mutational analysis of the target DNA. All single-site substitutions within the recognition sequence were cleaved by the purified I-NjaI endonuclease, but at different efficiencies. The center of symmetry and cleavage was found to be completely degenerate in specificity, which resembles that of the subclass IIW bacterial restriction enzymes.
Epidemiology of Fractures of the Proximal Femur in Rochester, Minnesota (1980)

An incidence study of fractures of the proximal femur has been conducted over a 10-year period. The results show a doubling of the fracture rate in each decade of life after age 50 years. A comparison of age-adjusted fracture rates with populations in different countries shows that in both men and women, the hip fracture is highest in the United States population examined in this study. The fracture rate is much greater in women than in men, and by age 90 years, about 32% of women and 17% of men had suffered a fracture. An estimate of the number of proximal hip fractures occurring in the United States suggests that approximately 113,000 women and 34,000 men older than 50 years of age will suffer a hip fracture each year. This represents a considerable cost, approaching one billion dollars annually, to health care in the United States.
The Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Cognitive Function and Protein Expression of Aβ, p-Tau, and PSD95 after Extracorporeal Circulation Operation in Aged Rats (2018)

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a kind of serious neurologic complications and dexmedetomidine has a certain effect on POCD. However, functional mechanism of dexmedetomidine on POCD still remains unclear, so the research mainly studied the effect of dexmedetomidine on cognitive function and protein expression in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex cerebrospinal fluid after extracorporeal circulation operation in aged rats. We Found that, compared with POCD group, the cognitive function was improved in POCD + Dex group. We speculate that dexmedetomidine could improve the cognitive function after extracorporeal circulation operation in aged rats and A<i>β</i>, p-Tau, and PSD95 protein might have contributed to this favorable outcome.
LEO: An autonomic query optimizer for DB2 (2003)

SQL has emerged as an industry standard for querying relational database management systems, largely because a user need only specify what data is wanted, not the details of how to access that data. A query optimizer uses a mathematical model of query execution to determine automatically the best way to access and process any given SQL query. This model is heavily dependent upon the optimizer's estimates for the number of rows that will result at each step of the query execution plan (QEP), especially for complex queries involving many predicates and/or operations. These estimates rely upon statistics on the database and modeling assumptions that may or may not be true for a given database. In this paper we discuss an autonomic query optimizer that automatically self-validates its model without requiring any user interaction to repair incorrect statistics or cardinality estimates. By monitoring queries as they execute, the autonomic optimizer compares the optimizer's estimates with actuals at each step in a QEP, and computes adjustments to its estimates that may be used during future optimizations of similar queries. Moreover, estimation errors can also trigger re-optimization of a query in mid-execution. The autonomic refinement of the optimizer's model can result in a reduction of query execution time by orders of magnitude at negligible additional run-time cost. We discuss various research issues and practical considerations that we needed to address during our implementation of a first prototype of LEO, a LEarning Optimizer for DB2® (Database 2™)that learns table access cardinalities and for future queries corrects the estimation error for simple predicates by adjusting the database statistics of DB2.
Loss of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is a novel prognostic factor in localized human prostate adenocarcinoma. (1998)

p27Kip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that negatively regulates cell proliferation by mediating cell cycle arrest in G1. This study was undertaken to assess the prognostic value of p27Kip1 in localized human prostate cancer. Archival material from 113 radical prostatectomy specimens obtained between 1985 and 1993 was stained immunohistochemically for p27Kip1 protein using a commercially available antibody. Patient charts were reviewed for preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen, clinical and pathological staging, Gleason tumor grade, time to biochemical and clinical recurrence, and survival. Strong p27Kip1 staining was uniformly seen in benign prostatic epithelial components in all tumor sections. p27Kip1 staining was reduced in most prostate cancers and was variable in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Decreased p27Kip1 staining (<25% of nuclei stained positive for p27Kip1) correlated with seminal vesicle involvement (P = 0.0032) and with higher Gleason grade (P = 0.0114). On univariate analysis, low p27Kip1 predicted an increased risk of treatment failure in the node-negative cohort (P = 0.0037) and in the subset who did not receive neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (P = 0.049). Low p27Kip1 expression was an independent predictor of treatment failure on multivariate analysis of lymph node negative prostate cancers following radical retropubic prostatectomy (n = 102; P = 0.047). Seminal vesicle involvement (P = 0.034) and positive surgical margins (P = 0.047) were also independent prognostic factors for disease recurrence. In patients who received preoperative neoadjuvant hormonal therapy, low p27Kip1 in the pathological specimen was an even stronger predictor of outcome than it was in the entire group (n = 23, P = 0.015).
Object tracking through adaptive correlation (1994)

Current Air Force interests include a desire to track an object based on its shape once it has been designated as a target. The use of a correlation-based system to track an object through a series of images based on templates derived from previous image frames is discussed. The ability to track is extended to sequences that include multiple objects of interest within the field of view. This is accomplished by comparing the height and shape of the template autocorrelation to the peaks in the correlation of the template with the next scene. The result is to identify the region in the next scene that best matches the designated target. In addition to correlation plane postprocessing, an adaptive window is used to determine the template size to reduce the effects of correlator walkoff. The image sequences used were taken from a forward-looking infrared sensor mounted on board a DC-3 aircraft. The images contain a T-55 tank and both an M-113 and a TAB-71 armored personnel carrier moving in a columnized formation along a dirt road. This research presents techniques to (1) track targets in the presence of other, and sometimes brighter, targets of similar shape, (2) to maintain small tracking errors, and (3) to reduce the effects of correlator walk-off.
Nerve monitoring–guided selective hypoglossal nerve stimulation in obstructive sleep apnea patients (2016)

4. Laryngoscope, 126:2852-2858, 2016.
The Data Revolution: Big Data, Open Data, Data Infrastructures & Their Consequences (2014)

Chapter 1: Conceptualising Data What are data? Kinds of data Data, information, knowledge, wisdom Framing data Thinking critically about databases and data infrastructures Data assemblages and the data revolution Chapter 2: Small Data, Data Infrastructures and Data Brokers Data holdings, data archives and data infrastructures Rationale for research data infrastructures The challenges of building data infrastructures The challenges of building data infrastructuresData brokers and markets Chapter 3: Open and Linked Data Open data Linked data The case for open data The economics of open data Concerns with respect to opening data Chapter 4: Big Data Volume Exhaustive Resolution and indexicality Relationality Velocity Variety Flexibility Chapter 5: Enablers and Sources of Big Data The enablers of big data Sources of big data Directed Data Automated data Volunteered data Chapter 6: Data Analytics Pre-analytics Machine learning Data mining and pattern recognition Data visualisation and visual analytics Statistical analysis Prediction, simulation and optimization Chapter 7: The Governmental and Business Rationale for Big Data Governing people Managing organisations Leveraging value and producing capital Creating better places Chapter 8: The Reframing of Science, Social Science and Humanities Research The fourth paradigm in science? The re-emergence of empiricism The fallacies of empiricism Data-driven science Computational social sciences and digital humanities Chapter 9: Technical and Organisational Issues Deserts and deluges Access Data quality, veracity and lineage Data integration and interoperability Poor analysis and ecological fallacies Skills and human resourcing Chapter 10: Ethical, Political, Social and Legal Concerns Data shadows and dataveillance Privacy Data security Profiling, social sorting and redlining Secondary uses, control creep and anticipatory governance Modes of governance and technological lock-ins Chapter 11: Making Sense of the Data Revolution Understanding data and the data revolution Researching data assemblages Final thoughts
[Varicocele: spermiogram, testicular biopsy, plasma testosterone. Results of therapy (author's transl)]. (1977)

&lt;p&gt;It is known that viscoelastic fluids exhibit elastic instabilities in simple shear flow and flow with curved streamlines. During flow through a straight microchannel with pillars, we found strikingly strong hydrodynamic instabilities characterized by very large transversal excursions, even leading to a complete change in lanes, and the presence of fast and slowmoving lanes. Particle image velocimetry measurements through a pillared microchannel provide experimental evidence of these instabilities at a very low Reynolds number (&amp;lt; 0.01). The instability is characterized by a rapid increase in spatial and temporal fluctuations of velocity components and pressure at a critical Deborah number. We characterize under which conditions these strong instabilities arise.&lt;/p&gt;
Supramolecular Nanovalves Controlled by Proton Abstraction and Competitive Binding (2006)

A functional integrated nanosystem for trapping and releasing molecules under deliberate control is prepared. The openings to nanosized pores in silica particles are regulated by gatekeeper supermolecules that are controlled by pH stimulation and competitive binding. Controlled release of fluorescent probe molecules is demonstrated using (i) organic bases, (ii) fluorodialkylammonium ions, and (iii) metal ions as actuators. The rate of the release of the probe molecules depends on the size of the base, the dimension of the probe molecules, and the binding affinity of the metal/fluorodialkylammonium cations employed.
Copolymers of Glycidol and Glycidyl Ethers:  Design of Branched Polyether Polyols by Combination of Latent Cyclic AB2 and ABR Monomers (2000)

Glycidol as latent branching AB2 monomer was used in combination with glycidyl ethers as linear AB comonomers for the preparation of hyperbranched random copolymers with controlled degree of polymerization (DPn = 42−72) and relatively low polydispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.7). Extending previous theoretical considerations, equations that permit to calculate the DB for AB2/AB copolymerizations under slow monomer addition conditions were derived. The degree of branching (DB) for the random copolymers of glycidol and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) as well as phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) was controlled by the comonomer ratio (DB = 9%−58%). Furthermore, comparable block copolymers of glycidol and AGE, i.e., multiarm star polymers, have been prepared by sequential addition of the monomers. Thermal behavior of all materials has been investigated with respect to copolymer composition. Furthermore, reactions of the random glycidol/AGE copolymers have been developed: (i) cleavage of the allyl groups, leading to linear 1,3-glycerol units bearing primary hydroxy groups; (ii) dihydroxylation of the double bond, leading to hyperbranched polyglycerols with enhanced DB; and (iii) hydroformylation with subsequent reductive amination, making use of the orthogonality of the OH and allyl functionalities.
Stabilization of Grid Frequency Through Dynamic Demand Control (2007)

Frequency stability in electricity networks is essential to the maintenance of supply quality and security. This paper investigates whether a degree of built-in frequency stability could be provided by incorporating dynamic demand control into certain consumer appliances. Such devices would monitor system frequency (a universally available indicator of supply-demand imbalance) and switch the appliance on or off accordingly, striking a compromise between the needs of the appliance and the grid. A simplified computer model of a power grid was created incorporating aggregate generator inertia, governor action and load-frequency dependence plus refrigerators with dynamic demand controllers. Simulation modelling studies were carried out to investigate the system's response to a sudden loss of generation, and to fluctuating wind power. The studies indicated a significant delay in frequency-fall and a reduced dependence on rapidly deployable backup generation.
ELISA analysis of β‐secretase cleavage of the Swedish amyloid precursor protein in the secretory and endocytic pathways (2002)

Limiting beta amyloid (Abeta) production could become an important therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abeta is derived by the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta- and gamma-secretases. A double missense mutation in APP found in a Swedish pedigree (APPsw) elevates Abeta40 and Abeta42 production. Abeta production and, therefore, beta-secretase cleavage of APPsw reportedly occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi and endocytic compartments. However, the relative contribution of beta-secretase cleavage occurring in each compartment has not been determined. Experiments described here use a novel ELISA to measure the beta-cleaved product, APPswbeta. Using this ELISA, we provide new information regarding the relative amount of beta-secretase cleavage of APPsw that occurs in secretory and endocytic pathways. Using a dilysine retrieval motif to retain APPsw in the ER, we discovered that less than 15% of the beta-secretase cleavage was still detected. Experiments utilizing endocytosis-impaired mutants of APPsw revealed that little or no beta-secretase cleavage of APPsw appears to take place through endocytosis. Surprisingly, deletion of the entire cytoplasmic tail increased both APPswbeta and Abeta secretion, suggesting that protein interactions with this region normally impede beta-secretase cleavage. These results suggest that APPsw is cleaved by beta-secretase late in the secretory pathway.
SOI floating-body, device and circuit issues (2002)

This paper focuses on floating-body effects in MOSFETs and circuits on SOI substrates. We review different ways to coexist with these effects and particularly how to take advantage from them. It is shown that there is no blanket solution, but more a palette of approaches. Choosing the most appropriate one to a given application is addressed.
Improved PCR based methods for detecting C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions (2016)

Due to the GC-rich, repetitive nature of C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions, PCR based detection methods are challenging. Several limitations of PCR have been reported and overcoming these could help to define the pathogenic range. There is also a need to develop improved repeat-primed PCR assays which allow detection even in the presence of genomic variation around the repeat region. We have optimised PCR conditions for the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion, using betaine as a co-solvent and specific cycling conditions, including slow ramping and a high denaturation temperature. We have developed a flanking assay, and repeat-primed PCR assays for both 3' and 5' ends of the repeat expansion, which when used together provide a robust strategy for detecting the presence or absence of expansions greater than ∼100 repeats, even in the presence of genomic variability at the 3' end of the repeat. Using our assays, we have detected repeat expansions in 47/442 Scottish ALS patients. Furthermore, we recommend the combined use of these assays in a clinical diagnostic setting.
Study of concentration-dependent cobalt ion doping of TiO2 and TiO2−xNx at the nanoscale (2010)

Experiments with a porous sol-gel generated TiO(2) nanocolloid and its corresponding oxynitride TiO(2-x)N(x) are carried out to evaluate those transformations which accompany additional doping with transition metals. In this study, doping with cobalt (Co(ii)) ions is evaluated using a combination of core level and VB-photoelectron and optical spectroscopy, complementing data obtained from Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy suggests that cobalt doping of porous sol-gel generated anatase TiO(2) and nitridated TiO(2-x)N(x) introduces a spinel-like structure into the TiO(2) and TiO(2-x)N(x) lattices. TEM and XPS data complemented by valence band-photoelectron spectra demonstrate that metallic cobalt clusters are not formed even at high doping levels. As evidenced by Raman spectroscopy, the creation of a spinel-like structure is commensurate with the room temperature conversion of the oxide and its oxynitride from the anatase to the rutile form. The onset of this kinetically driven process correlates with the formation of spinel sites within the TiO(2) and TiO(2-x)N(x) particles. Despite their visible light absorption, the photocatalytic activity of these cobalt seeded systems is diminished relative to the oxynitride TiO(2-x)N(x).
Renal transplantation in patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome: high rate of recurrence and increased incidence of acute rejections1 (2003)

In adult-onset HUS, the recurrence rate and the incidence of acute rejections are high, resulting in a detrimental graft survival. In childhood-onset HUS, the recurrence rate is low, but the posttransplantation course is complicated by an increased incidence of acute rejections.
The role of duration in the perception of vowel merger (2017)

<p class="p1">Speakers with vowel categories that are considered merged by traditional measures (e.g., F1 and F2 measurements at a single time point) may contrast vowel classes in dimensions beyond vowel quality, such as duration. Durational differences among vowel classes have been observed to persist even in cases of spectral overlap (e.g., Fridland et al., 2014; Labov &amp; Baranowski, 2006), suggesting that duration may serve as a contrastive cue among spectrally-merged or near-merged vowel classes. This paper examines the role of duration in perception in two communities: Youngstown, OH, which exhibits multiple patterns of merger and distinction among <small>POOL-</small>, <small>PULL-</small>, and <small>POLE-CLASS</small> words, and Burlington, VT, whose residents are largely unmerged. This paper presents the results of a forced-choice identification task consisting of lexical stimuli with synthetically manipulated vowel-liquid durations, analyzed in light of participants’ production data. Results indicate that duration influences vowel categorization and is utilized more extensively when spectral cues are diminished or unavailable.
Multimode interference photonic switches (MIPS) (2002)

The switching characteristics of multimode interference photonic switches (MIPS) are analyzed by wide-angle finite difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM). As a result, it is found that the MIPS with a multimode interference (MMI) length of 599 /spl mu/m can switch the output light polarization insensitively with a crosstalk of less than -20 dB for a wavelength range of 70 nm. These analyses show that the MIPS can also have a 3-dB coupler function. Experimentally, an InGaAsP/InP 1/spl times/2 MIPS with a thicker InP cladding layer was fabricated and exhibited switching operation with crosstalks of -8 dB and -10 dB at 0 and 20 mA current injections, respectively. For a 2/spl times/2 MIPS with a thinner InP cladding layer, better switching characteristics with a crosstalk of -13 dB and an extinction ratio of 17 dB were realized.
Endogenous IL-17 as a Mediator of Neutrophil Recruitment Caused by Endotoxin Exposure in Mouse Airways (2003)

We have previously demonstrated that administration of the recently described cytokine IL-17 in rat airways in vivo recruits and activates neutrophils locally. In the current study, we examined whether endogenous IL-17 is involved in mediating neutrophil recruitment caused by endotoxin exposure in mouse airways. Our in vivo data show that local endotoxin exposure causes the release of free, soluble IL-17 protein 6 h later. Systemic pretreatment with a neutralizing anti-IL-17 Ab almost completely inhibits neutrophil recruitment 24 h, but not 6 h, after endotoxin exposure in the airways. Pretreatment with neutralizing anti-IL-6 and anti-macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 Abs inhibits neutrophil recruitment caused by local endotoxin exposure and IL-17, respectively. Our in vitro data show that endotoxin exposure stimulates the release of soluble IL-17 protein in T lymphocytes harvested from lung and spleen, respectively, and that this cytokine release requires coculture with airway macrophages. Intracellular IL-17 protein is detected in T lymphocytes from spleen but not in airway macrophages after coculture and stimulation of these two cell types. Finally, anti-IL-17 does not alter endotoxin-induced release of IL-6 and MIP-2 from T lymphocytes and airway macrophages in coculture. In conclusion, our results indicate that endotoxin exposure causes the release of IL-17 from T lymphocytes and that this cytokine release requires the presence of macrophages. Once released, endogenous IL-17 acts in part by inducing local release of neutrophil-mobilizing cytokines such as IL-6 and MIP-2, from nonlymphocyte, nonmacrophage cells, and this contributes to recruitment of neutrophils in the airways. These IL-17-related mechanisms constitute potential targets for pharmacotherapy against exaggerated neutrophil recruitment in airway disease.