gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
QT and QTc Interval With Standard and Supratherapeutic Doses of Darifenacin, a Muscarinic M3 Selective Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Overactive Bladder (2005)

Prolongation of QT interval on an electrocardiogram is a valuable predictor of a drug's ability to cause potentially fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmia (torsades de pointes). Darifenacin is a muscarinic M3 selective receptor antagonist developed for the treatment of overactive bladder, a debilitating condition that is particularly prevalent in the older population. This 7-day, randomized, parallel-group study (n=188) measured QT/QTc interval in healthy volunteers receiving once-daily darifenacin at steady-state therapeutic (15 mg) and supratherapeutic (75 mg) doses, alongside controls receiving placebo or moxifloxacin (positive control, 400 mg) once daily. There was no significant increase in QTcF interval with darifenacin treatment compared with placebo. Mean changes from baseline at pharmacokinetic Tmax versus placebo were -0.4 and -2.2 milliseconds in the darifenacin 15 mg and 75 mg groups, respectively, compared with +11.6 milliseconds in the moxifloxacin group (P<.01). This study demonstrates that darifenacin does not prolong QT/QTc interval.
Circulating Borrelia burgdotferi in Patients with Acute Lyme Disease: Results of Blood Cultures and Serum DNA Analysis (1993)

To determine the usefulness of blood culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in detecting circulating Borrelia burgdorferi or its DNA, blood and serum from untreated patients with acute Lyme disease were examined. None of the cultures of blood or serum from the 7 patients tested demonstrated spirochetes. Similarly, all patient serum samples, assayed in two laboratories, were negative for B. burgdorferi DNA using PCR amplification. These results suggest that in patients with acute Lyme disease, spirochetes, spirochete DNA, or both circulate early, only intermittently, or at low levels and that neither culture nor PCR testing of blood or serum, as currently done, appears likely to prove generally useful in the diagnosis of Lyme disease.
How to save energy : Can classical sociological thoughts on life styles improve energy saving? (2000)

How to save energy : Can classical sociological thoughts on life styles improve energy saving?
Overview on Linear Multiuser Equalizers for DS-CDMA Systems (2005)

The ideas and basic principles of multiuser receivers for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems are summarized and reviewed. Linear multiuser receiver formulation and combination of MAI suppression with multipath and antenna combining is the main contribution of the chapter. The multiuser equalization can be performed either after maximal ration combining or there can be a separate equalizer in each rake receiver branch. If the latter choice is made, the correlation of noise in the equalizer outputs needs to be taken into consideration when selecting the combining weights. Efficient bit error probability (BEP) evaluation methods for such linear receivers with uncoded transmission are also presented. Thirdly, chip equalizers for downlink are described. Their major advantage is that they are applicable also in CDMA systems where the period of spreading sequences is significantly longer than the data symbol period.
T-Cell Therapy of Leukemia (2002)

The rapid pace of progress in cellular and molecular immunology has identified new opportunities for developing T-cell therapy or vaccination for leukemia. Obstacles must be addressed before these approaches can be applied broadly, but the promising results of preclinical studies suggest continued efforts in this area will result in the establishment of immunotherapy as a useful modality in clinical practice.
A Comparative evaluation of the effects of Propafenone and lidocaine on early ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction (1988)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing the antiarrhythmic effects of lidocaine (given intravenously as a bolus injection of 100 mg followed by an infusion of 2 mg min-1) and propafenone (given as a bolus of 105 mg followed by 300 mg orally every 8 h) was conducted in the first 24 h following acute myocardial infarction. Analysis of ventricular arrhythmias was carried out by Holter recordings. The three treatment groups, propafenone (36 patients), lidocaine (28 patients), and placebo (25 patients), did not differ with respect to age, gender, prevalence of previous infarction, delay from the onset of pain to hospitalization, clinical features on entry (the patients with heart failure or malignant arrhythmias were excluded), site of acute myocardial infarction, or CPK peak. A decrease in the number of ventricular premature beats was noted with lidocaine, but was not statistically significant. The analysis of the first 8 h showed trends suggesting that only lidocaine could suppress complex arrhythmias, couplets and ventricular tachycardia. The drugs were well tolerated. Mean plasma concentrations of propafenone and lidocaine were 517 +/- 464 ng ml-1 and 3.84 +/- 1.10 mg l-1, respectively. In conclusion, this study does not favour the use of propafenone as an alternative to lidocaine therapy during the acute phase of myocardial infarction.
Surgical Techniques: Lung Transplant and Lung Volume Reduction (2009)

Patients with end-stage emphysema can be offered lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), lung transplantation, or unilateral lung transplantation combined with contralateral LVRS if necessary, depending on multiple factors including age, lung function parameters, lobar predominance, and whether the disease is uni- or bilateral. Lung transplant is a complex and well-established therapeutic modality for patients with end-stage lung disease. The ideal candidate for LVRS is a patient with severe upper-lobe predominant emphysema and markedly impaired exercise capacity. Other groups may benefit from the procedure, but results are likely to be less good. The objective of this chapter is to describe the surgical techniques of bilateral lung transplantation and lung volume reduction surgery as performed at the University of Toronto.
The tyrosine-phosphorylated hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor receptor associates with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (1991)

The receptor for hepatocyte growth factor, also known as scatter factor (HGF/SF), has recently been identified as the 190-kDa heterodimeric tyrosine kinase encoded by the MET proto-oncogene (p190MET). The signaling pathway(s) triggered by HGF/SF are unknown. In A549 cells, a lung epithelial cell line, nanomolar concentrations of HGF/SF induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the p190MET receptor. The autophosphorylated receptor coprecipitated with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity. In GTL16 cells, a cell line derived from a gastric carcinoma, the p190MET receptor, overexpressed and constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine, coprecipitated with PI 3-kinase activity and with the 85-kDa PI 3-kinase subunit. In these cells activation of protein kinase C or the increase of intracellular [Ca2+] inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of the p190MET receptor as well as the association with both PI 3-kinase activity and the 85-kDa subunit of the enzyme. In an in vitro assay, tyrosine phosphorylation of the immobilized p190MET receptor was required for binding of PI 3-kinase from cell lysates. These data strongly suggest that the signaling pathway activated by the HGF/SF receptor includes generation of D-3-phosphorylated inositol phospholipids.
Typing of Human Enteroviruses by Partial Sequencing of VP1 (1999)

Human enteroviruses (family Picornaviridae) are the major cause of aseptic meningitis and also cause a wide range of other acute illnesses, including neonatal sepsis-like disease, acute flaccid paralysis, and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. The neutralization assay is usually used for enterovirus typing, but it is labor-intensive and time-consuming and standardized antisera are in limited supply. We have developed a molecular typing system based on reverse transcription-PCR and nucleotide sequencing of the 3' half of the genomic region encoding VP1. The standard PCR primers amplify approximately 450 bp of VP1 for most known human enterovirus serotypes. The serotype of an "unknown" may be inferred by comparison of the partial VP1 sequence to those in a database containing VP1 sequences for the prototype strains of all 66 human enterovirus serotypes. Fifty-one clinical isolates of known serotypes from the years 1991 to 1998 were amplified and sequenced, and the antigenic and molecular typing results agreed for all isolates. With one exception, the nucleotide sequences of homologous strains were at least 75% identical to one another (>88% amino acid identity). Strains with homologous serotypes were easily discriminated from those with heterologous serotypes by using these criteria for identification. This method can greatly reduce the time required to type an enterovirus isolate and can be used to type isolates that are difficult or impossible to type with standard immunological reagents. The technique may also be useful for the rapid determination of whether viruses isolated during an outbreak are epidemiologically related.
System identification using Laguerre models (1991)

The traditional approach of expanding transfer functions and noise models in the delay operator to obtain linear-in-the-parameters predictor models leads to approximations of very high order in cases of rapid sampling and/or dispersion in time constants. By using prior information about the time constants of the system more appropriate expansions, related to Laguerre networks, are introduced and analyzed. It is shown that the model order can be reduced, compared to ARX (FIR, AR) modeling, by using Laguerre models. Furthermore, the numerical accuracy of the corresponding linear regression estimation problem is improved by a suitable choice of the Laguerre parameter. Consistency (error bounds), persistence of excitation conditions. and asymptotic statistical properties are investigated. This analysis is based on the result that the covariance matrix of the regression vector of a Laguerre model has a Toeplitz structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Updates on Clinically Isolated Syndrome and Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis (2012)

Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is a central nervous system demyelinating event isolated in time that is compatible with the possible future development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Early risk stratification for conversion to MS helps with treatment decisions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the most useful tool to evaluate risk. Cerebrospinal fluid studies and evoked potentials may also be used to assess the likelihood of MS. Four clinical trials evaluating the benefits of either interferon β (IFN-β) or glatiramer acetate (GA) within the first 3 months after a high-risk CIS demonstrate decreased rates of conversion to clinically definite MS (CDMS) and a lesser degree of MRI progression with early treatment. In the 3-, 5-, and 10-year extension studies of 2 formulations of IFN-β, the decreased conversion rate to CDMS remained meaningful when comparing early treatment of CIS to treatment delayed by a median of 2 to 3 years. Diagnostic criteria have been developed based on the clinical and MRI follow-up of large cohorts with CIS and provide guidance on how to utilize clinical activity in combination with radiographic information to diagnose MS. The most recent 2010 McDonald criteria simplify requirements for dissemination in time and space and allow for diagnosis of MS from a baseline brain MRI if there are both silent gadolinium-enhancing lesions and nonenhancing lesions on the same imaging study. The diagnostic criteria for MS require special consideration in children at risk for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), in older adults who may have small vessel ischemic disease, and in ethnic groups that more commonly develop neuromyelitis optica (NMO).
Clinical Effect of Allopurionol on Preserved Kidneys (1977)

We investigated the clinical posttransplant effect of allopurinol on preserved kidneys. Thirty-four paired kidneys from brain-dead cadavers were preserved by hypothermic pulsatile perfusion with silica gel fraction in separate cassettes. Allopurinol was added to one perfusate and omitted from the other in a randomized, double-blind, prospective plan. There was no difference in the short-term or long-term function of either group of kidneys. Allopurinol does not appear to have as consistent a beneficial effect on non-ischemically damaged human kidneys as that observed experimentally on ischemically damaged canine organs.
Structure and Nanostructure in Ionic Liquids (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTStructure and Nanostructure in Ionic LiquidsRobert Hayes†, Gregory G. Warr‡, and Rob Atkin*†View Author Information† Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia‡ School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 13, 6357–6426Publication Date (Web):June 1, 2015Publication History Received31 July 2014Published online1 June 2015Published inissue 8 July 2015https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500411qCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceArticle Views50865Altmetric-Citations1600LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (30 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Interfaces,Ions,Salts,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Radiation Induced Inflammatory Changes in the Mouse Bladder: The Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 (2006)

Irradiation resulted in pronounced COX-2 dependent inflammatory changes in the bladder wall during the early but not during the late radiation reaction. Therefore, a potential effect of COX-2 inhibition on early radiation side effects in the bladder can be proposed.
Self Assembly of Low-Emissivity Materials (SALEM) (2000)

Abstract : Self-assembly techniques employing liquid emulsions and colloidal suspensions for the fabrication of photonic crystals are described. To make the photonic crystals, monodisperse emulsion droplets or solid colloidal particles are first allowed to self-assemble into close-packed crystals, having predominately face-centered cubic (fcc) order. Second, the interstices are filled with a high-refractive-index material, usually titania, using either sol-gel chemistry or by compacting nanoparticles. Finally, the templating emulsion droplets or colloidal particles are removed leaving behind a porous solid in which the spherical pores are ordered on a crystalline lattice (fcc). The primary advantages of emulsion templating of photonic crystals is that large monoliths up to 10 mm in size can be produced and that they can be made in the high-refractive-index rutile phase of titania. The primary advantage of the colloidal templating technique is that more perfect crystalline structures can be made, though the overall sample size is generally only about a millimeter or smaller in size and the lower-refractive-index anatase phase of titania is usually produced. In addition, highly scattering porous titania spheres, about 5 microns in diameter, can be made using a combination of colloidal and emulsion templating techniques. These may be useful as pigments in paints.
Some New Mathematical Methods for Variational Objective Analysis Using Splines and Cross Validation (1980)

Let Φ(x,y,p,t) be a meteorological field of interest, say, height, temperature, a component of the wind field, etc. We suppose that data concerning the field of the form ΦI = LiΦ + εi are where each Li is an arbitrary continuous linear functional and εi is a measurement error. The data Φi may be the result of theory, direct measurements, remote soundings or a combination of these. We develop a new mathematical formalism exploiting the method of Generalized Cross Validation (GCV), and some recently developed optimization results, for analyzing this data. The analyzed field ΦN,m,λ is the solution to the minimization problem: Find Φ in a suitable space of functions to minimize where Functions of d=1, 2 or 3 of the four variables x, y, p, t are also considered. The approach can he used to analyze temperature fields from radiosonde-measured temperatures and satellite radiance measurements simultaneously, to incorporate the geostrophic wind approximation and other information. In a test of the method (for d = 2) simulated 500 mb height data were obtained at discrete points corresponding to the U.S. radiosonde network, by using an analytic representation of a 500 mb wave and superimposing realistic random errors. The analytic representation was recovered on a fine grid with what appear to be impressive results. An explicit representation for the minimizer of Eq. (1) is found, and used as the basis for a direct (as opposed to iterative) numerical algorithm, which is accurate and efficient for N2 somewhat less than the high-speed storage capacity of the computer. The results extend those of Sasaki and others in several directions. In particular, no starting guesses and no preliminary interpolation of the data is required, and it is not necessary to solve a boundary-value problem or even assume boundary conditions to obtain a solution. Different types of data can be combined in a natural way. Prior climatologically estimated covariances are not used. This method may be thought of as a very general form of low-pass filter. The parameter λ controls the half-power point of the implied data filter, while m controls the rate of “roll off” of the power spectrum of the analyzed field. From another point of view. λ and m play the roles of the most important free parameters in an (implicit) prior covariance. The correct choice of the parameter λ and to some extent m is important. These parameters are estimated from the data being analyzed by the GCV method. This method estimates λ and m for which the implied data filter has maximum internal predictive capability. This capability is assessed by the GCV method by implicitly leaving out one data point at a time and determining how well the missing datum can be predicted from the remaining data. The numerical algorithm given provides for the efficient calculation of the optimum λ and m.
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with and without pharyngitis. (1988)

The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, and other treatable organisms was studied in children with and without pharyngitis. Children aged 2 to 12 years were evaluated between November 1985 and April 1986 in three family practice offices in the Salt Lake City area. Chlamydia trachomatis was not detected in the pharynx of any of the children studied. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was cultured from 5 percent of the 242 children studied, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus from 30 percent, non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus from 5 percent, Hemophilus influenzae from 4 percent, and Staphylococcus aureus from 14 percent. The symptoms reported were not statistically associated with any organism isolated, and clinical signs of pharyngitis were associated only with the presence of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Based on these results, management of pharyngitis in children should continue to be based on the detection and treatment of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.
Stochastic Analysis and Random Maps in Hilbert Space (1994)

Part 1 Stochastic calculus: preliminaries (L2-theory) smooth open sets the localization of the extended stochastic integral and the stochastic derivative stochastic integrals with respect to Gaussian random measures, Sobolev spaces on infinitely-dimensional domain. Part 2 Random maps in Hilbert space: the definition of a random map Gaussian strong random operators the integral representation of random maps. Part 3 The composition of random maps: the reasons random multi-linear Hilbert-Schmidt forms of the generalized Gaussian random elements the action of random map on random elements bounded random operators generalized Gaussian functionals of the first kind generalized Gaussian functionals of the second kind and the Fourier transform. Part 4 Stochastic analysis and quantum mechanics: systems with changeable numbers of particles the random statistics local intersection times. Part 5 Equations with random operators: estimation of the moments of multi-linear forms from white noise equations with random operators under moment conditions boundary value problems stochastic calculus and partial differential equations of the first order.
FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations are rare in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (2002)

We were interested in the recent report by Kelly et al[1][1] that FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations, while sufficient to induce a chronic myeloproliferative disease in a murine bone marrow transplant (BMT) assay, were not sufficient to induce an acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (1983)

An antenna which consists of a resonant rectangular parallelepiped dielectric on top of a ground plane is described. Calculated radiation patterns and measured impedances are presented, and the effects of feed probe length variations are discussed.
A Unifying Framework for Classification and Interpretation of Mechanism Singularities (1995)

This paper presents a generalized approach to the singularity analysis of mechanisms with arbitrary kinematic chains and an equal number of inputs and outputs. The instantaneous kinematics of a mechanism is described by means of a velocity equation, explicitly including not only the input and output velocities but also the passive-joint velocities. A precise definition of singularity of a general mechanism is provided. On the basis of the six types of singular configurations and the motion space interpretation of kinematic singularity introduced in the paper, a comprehensive singularity classification is proposed.