gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FABULOUS FLUORINE (2006)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTFABULOUS FLUORINEHaving fluorine in life sciences molecules brings desirable benefits, but the trick is getting it in place and making sought-after building blocksANN M. THAYERView Author Information C&EN HOUSTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2006, 84, 23, 15–24Publication Date (Print):June 5, 2006Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 5 June 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v084n023.p015https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v084n023.p015newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Fluorine,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
The Three Subfamilies of Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptors (LGR): Identification of LGR6 and LGR7 and the Signaling Mechanism for LGR7 (2000)

Glycoprotein hormone receptors, including LH receptor, FSH receptor, and TSH receptor, belong to the large G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily but are unique in having a large ectodomain important for ligand binding. In addition to two recently isolated mammalian LGRs (leucine-rich repeat-containing, G protein-coupled receptors), LGR4 and LGR5, we further identified two new paralogs, LGR6 and LGR7, for glycoprotein hormone receptors. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there are three LGR subgroups: the known glycoprotein hormone receptors; LGR4 to 6; and a third subgroup represented by LGR7. LGR6 has a subgroup-specific hinge region after leucine-rich repeats whereas LGR7, like snail LGR, contains a low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor cysteine-rich motif at the N terminus. Similar to LGR4 and LGR5, LGR6 and LGR7 mRNAs are expressed in multiple tissues. Although the putative ligands for LGR6 and LGR7 are unknown, studies on single amino acid mutants of LGR7, with a design based on known LH and TSH receptor gain-of-function mutations, indicated that the action of LGR7 is likely mediated by the protein kinase A but not the phospholipase C pathway. Thus, mutagenesis of conserved residues to allow constitutive receptor activation is a novel approach for the characterization of signaling pathways of selective orphan GPCRs. The present study also defines the existence of three subclasses of leucine-rich repeat-containing, G protein-coupled receptors in the human genome and allows future studies on the physiological importance of this expanding subgroup of GPCR.
Murine clusterin: molecular cloning and mRNA localization of a gene associated with epithelial differentiation processes during embryogenesis (1993)

Clusterin is a broadly distributed glycoprotein constitutively expressed by various tissues and cell types, that has been shown to be involved in cell-cell adhesion and expressed during cellular differentiation in vitro. To assess the suggested participation of clusterin in these processes in vivo, we have cloned the cDNA encoding murine clusterin and studied the cellular distribution of clusterin mRNA during murine embryogenesis. Sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding murine clusterin revealed 92 and 75% sequence identity with the rat and human cDNAs, respectively, and conservation of the predicted structural features which include alpha-helical regions and heparin-binding domains. From 12.5 d of development onwards, the clusterin gene is widely expressed in developing epithelia, and selectively localized within the differentiating cell layers of tissues such as the developing skin, tooth, and duodenum where proliferating and differentiating compartments are readily distinguished. In addition, transient and localized clusterin gene expression was detected in certain morphogenetically active epithelia. In the lung, abundant gene transcripts were detected in cuboidal epithelial cells of the terminal lung buds during branching morphogenesis, and in the kidney, clusterin gene expression in the epithelial cells of comma and S-shaped bodies coincided with the process of polarization. Our results demonstrate the in vivo expression of the clusterin gene by differentiating epithelial cells during murine embryogenesis, and provide novel evidence suggesting that clusterin may be involved in the differentiation and morphogenesis of certain epithelia.
Epigenetic Modulation Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of Anti–IL-13Rα2 Antibody in Human Mesothelioma Xenografts (2011)

These observations indicate a promising role for IL-13Rα2 as a target for antibody treatment in malignant mesothelioma, and, in combination with epigenetic regulation by a DNA methylation inhibitor, suggest the potential for a novel strategy to enhance therapeutic potency.
Nonlinear varying-network magnetic circuit analysis for doubly salient permanent-magnet motors (2000)

In this paper, a nonlinear varying-network magnetic circuit (VNMC) modeling method is developed for doubly salient permanent-magnet (DSPM) motors. The method is used to analyze the static characteristics of DSPM motors by specific performance calculations, in which the interaction between the permanent-magnet field and the armature current field, as well as magnetic saturation, are taken into account. Two newly proposed DSPM motors (12/8-pole and 6/4-pole) are used as examples. There is good agreement between the results of the nonlinear VMMC modeling method and finite-element analysis. Moreover, the nonlinear VNMC method offers the advantage of calculating, effectively and efficiently, the static characteristics of DSPM motors having different dimensions, parameters, and conditions. Finally, the proposed method is verified by experimental testing of a 6/4-pole prototype.
Production of radially or azimuthally polarized beams in solid-state lasers and the elimination of thermally induced birefringence effects (2003)

Production and amplification of radially and azimuthally (tangentially) polarized laser beams are demonstrated. Based on the different focusing between radially and tangentially polarized light in thermally stressed isotropic laser rods, Nd:YAG laser oscillators were developed to produce low-loss stable oscillation in a single polarization. Pure radially polarized light at 70 W with M2 = 2 and on-axis impure radially polarized light at 150 W with M2 = 2.5 were achieved. The radially polarized beams were then amplified while good beam quality and polarization purity were retained. Complete elimination of thermal-birefringence-induced aberrations was demonstrated. This should allow much better beam quality from rod-based high-power lasers.
Modeling attacks on physical unclonable functions (2010)

We show in this paper how several proposed Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) can be broken by numerical modeling attacks. Given a set of challenge-response pairs (CRPs) of a PUF, our attacks construct a computer algorithm which behaves indistinguishably from the original PUF on almost all CRPs. This algorithm can subsequently impersonate the PUF, and can be cloned and distributed arbitrarily. This breaks the security of essentially all applications and protocols that are based on the respective PUF. The PUFs we attacked successfully include standard Arbited PUFs and Ring Oscillator PUFs of arbitrary sizes, and XO Arbiter PUFs, Lightweight Secure PUFs, and Feed-Forward Arbiter PUFs of up to a given size and complexity. Our attacks are based upon various machine learning techniques including Logistic Regression and Evolution Strategies. Our work leads to new design requirements for secure electrical PUFs, and will be useful to PUF designers and attackers alike.
Endotoxin Affinity for Provisional Restorative Resins (1994)

The affinity of LPS for provisional resins seems to be a function of selective interactions based on the chemical nature of the resin, the surface finish of the resin, and the molecular structure of the LPS.
c-erbB activation in avian leukosis virus-induced erythroblastosis: clustered integration sites and the arrangement of provirus in the c-erbB alleles. (1985)

There is considerable evidence that links the activation of cellular genes to oncogenesis. We previously reported that structural rearrangements in the cellular oncogene c-erbB correlate with the development of erythroblastosis induced by avian leukosis virus (ALV). c-erbB recently has been shown to be related to the gene encoding epidermal growth factor receptor. We now have characterized the detailed mechanisms of c-erbB activation by ALV proviruses. We report here that the ALV proviral integration sites are clustered 5' to the region where homology to v-erbB starts, suggesting that interruption in this region of c-erbB is important for its activation. The proviruses are oriented in the same transcriptional direction as c-erbB and usually are full-size. The latter finding is in contrast to the frequent deletions observed within the c-myc-linked proviruses in B-cell lymphomas. We have also identified a second c-erbB allele, which differs from the previously known allele primarily by a deletion in an intron region. This allele is also oncogenic upon mutation by an ALV provirus.
Advances in two‐dimensional GC with glass capillary columns (1979)

Abstract A versatile two‐dimensional gas chromatograph is described, consisting of 2 separate ovens, one intermediate trap, an auxiliary inlet, and the necessary hardware to effect off‐line switching according to the principle of Deans. The unit has been designed for use with high resolution glass capillary columns. The performance of individual instrumental components was critically evaluated. Results showed that low dead volume glass to metal connections were required in the manifold and detector lines to minimize extra‐column effects. The mass of the intermediate trap must be low to allow rapid heating. Operational parameters are discussed and examples of some applications are shown.
Multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy of 5‐aminolevulinic acid induced fluorescence in experimental gliomas (2008)

Multiphoton microscopy of 5-ALA induced PpIX fluorescence in brain tumor tissue conceptually provides a high resolution diagnostic tool, which in addition to structural information may also provide photochemical/functional information.
PROTEIN SERINE/THREONINE KINASES (1987)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Characteristics of Sinus Rhythm Electrograms at Sites of Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia Relative to All Other Sites: A Noncontact Mapping Study of the Entire Left Ventricle (1998)

Although the site of latest onset of endocardial activation during SR proved to be the most sensitive indicator, the characteristics of SR electrograms did not usefully predict successful ablation sites.
Spray‐dried plasma and fresh frozen plasma modulate permeability and inflammation in vitro in vascular endothelial cells (2013)

These data suggest the equivalence of FFP and SDP on modulation of endothelial function and inflammation in vitro.
New Routes to Targeted Therapy of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinomas Revealed by Next-Generation Sequencing (2014)

Two thirds of patients in this study harbored genomic alterations that are associated with targeted therapies and that have the potential to personalize therapy selection for to individual patients.
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (1998)

This memo defines the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP). VRRP specifies an election protocol that dynamically assigns responsibility for a virtual router to one of the VRRP routers on a LAN. The VRRP router controlling the IP address(es) associated with a virtual router is called the Master, and forwards packets sent to these IP addresses. The election process provides dynamic fail over in the forwarding responsibility should the Master become unavailable. This allows any of the virtual router IP addresses on the LAN to be used as the default first hop router by end-hosts. The advantage gained from using VRRP is a higher availability default path without requiring configuration of dynamic routing or router discovery protocols on every end-host.
Magnetoporation and Magnetolysis of Cancer Cells via Carbon Nanotubes Induced by Rotating Magnetic Fields (2012)

Weak magnetic fields (40 and 75 mT) were used either to enhance cell membrane poration (magnetoporation) or to ablate cultured human tumor cells (magnetolysis) by polymer-coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes, which form rotating bundles on exposure to magnetic fields. Findings of this study have potential clinical applications including enhanced tumor cell poration for targeted cancer chemotherapy and mechanical ablation of tumors.
Biosynthetically lipid‐modified human scFv fragments from phage display libraries as targeting molecules for immunoliposomes (1996)

A human anti-CD22 single chain (sc) Fv antibody fragment from a synthetic phage antibody display library was biosynthetically lipid-tagged by using Escherichia coli lipoprotein sequences. The purified anti-CD22 scFv lipoprotein was incorporated into liposomes by detergent dilution. Anti-CD22 immunoliposomes were shown to bind specifically in a dose- and time-dependent manner to CD22+ cell lines and CD22+ B-lymphocytes present in freshly isolated samples of blood mononuclear cells. The immunoliposomes were demonstrated to accumulate in intracellular compartments. Biosynthetically lipid-tagged human scFv antibody fragments isolated from phage display libraries may facilitate the construction of immunoliposomes with improved properties.
How long does it take to train a surgeon? (2009)

Restrictions on the working hours of doctors may be compromising surgical education and patient care. <b>Gretchen Purcell Jackson</b> and <b>John Tarpley</b> argue that greater flexibility is needed in applying regulations
Active acetyl-CoA synthase from Clostridium thermoaceticum obtained by cloning and heterologous expression of acsAB in Escherichia coli (2000)

Acetyl-CoA synthase from Clostridium thermoaceticum (ACS(Ct)) is an alpha(2)beta(2) tetramer containing two novel Ni-X-Fe(4)S(4) active sites (the A and C clusters) and a standard Fe(4)S(4) cluster (the B cluster). The acsA and acsB genes encoding the enzyme were cloned into Escherichia coli strain JM109 and overexpressed at 37(o)C under anaerobic conditions with Ni supplementation. The isolated recombinant His-tagged protein (AcsAB) exhibited characteristics essentially indistinguishable from those of ACS(Ct), from which Ni had been removed from the A cluster. AcsAB migrated through nondenaturing electrophoretic gels as a single band and contained a 1:1 molar ratio of subunits and 1.0-1.6 Ni/alphabeta and 14-22 Fe/alphabeta. AcsAB exhibited 100-250 units/mg CO oxidation activity but no CO/acetyl-CoA exchange activity. Electronic absorption spectra of thionin-oxidized and CO-reduced AcsAB were similar to those of ACS(Ct), with features typical of redox-active Fe(4)S(4) clusters. Partially oxidized and CO-reduced AcsAB exhibited EPR signals with g values and low spin intensities indistinguishable from those of the B(red) state of the B cluster and the C(red1) and C(red2) states of the C cluster of ACS(Ct). Upon overnight exposure to NiCl(2), the resulting recombinant enzyme (ACS(Ec)) developed 0. 06-0.25 units/mg exchange activity. The highest of these values is typical of fully active ACS(Ct). When reduced with CO, ACS(Ec) exhibited an EPR signal indistinguishable from the NiFeC signal of Ni-replete ACS(Ct). Variability of activities and signal intensities were observed among different preparations. Issues involving the assembly of these metal centers in E. coli are discussed.
Reliable and Sensitive Identification of Occult Tumor Cells Using the Improved Rare Event Imaging System (2004)

REIS-assisted analysis provides excellent sensitivity and reproducibility for OTC detection. This approach may enable an improved method for screening of PB samples and for obtaining novel information about disease staging and about risk evaluation in cancer patients.
Guidelines for the Secure Operation of the Internet (1991)

The purpose of this document is to provide a set of guidelines to aid
in the secure operation of the Internet. This memo provides
information for the Internet community. It does not specify an
Internet standard.
The Mesa programming environment (1985)

People everywhere are developing multi-window, integrated programming environments for their favorite computers and languages. This paper describes the Mesa programming facilities of the Xerox Development Environment (XDE). It is interesting for several reasons. It has existed in something similar to its current form for about 5 years. It has more than 500 users, many interacting with it 8 or more hours a day. Several million lines of code have been written by these users, including large, multi-author systems.Previous papers have dealt with the Mesa language [Geschke77, Mitchell79], the operating system [Redell79, Lampson80] and the processor architecture on which it runs [Johnsson82, Sweet82]. This paper describes the programming environment: the user illusion, the set of programming tools, and the facilities available for augmenting the environment. Section 2 gives a short history of the environment, including some of our original design goals. Section 3 describes the current state of the user interface and discusses a few of the schemes that were tried and discarded. Section 4 describes some of the program development tools available and discusses how features of the language have influenced their design, and indeed influenced what tools are in the set. Section 5 describes other tools that, although valuable to the programming task, are largely language independent. Section 6 talks about how easy it is to make additions to the system, and gives examples of user additions—some that modify the environment and some that simply provide new tools. Section 7 discusses what we feel are major successes and what we feel needs to be done in the future.
Resistance of Helicobacter pylori to metronidazole, tetracycline and amoxycillin (2000)

Resistance to metronidazole, tetracycline and amoxycillin, and beta-lactamase production were determined for 153 clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. Of these isolates, 77.8% were resistant to metronidazole (MIC > 8 mg/L), 58.8% to tetracycline (MIC > 16 mg/L) and 71.9% to amoxycillin (MIC > 0.5 mg/L); 39.2% were multiresistant. Resistance to metronidazole was more common in isolates from females than in those from males (P < 0.05). None of the isolates produced beta-lactamase, so the mechanism of amoxycillin resistance was not linked to production of beta-lactamase.
Mouse Protection Test for Group B Streptococcus Type III (1979)

The mouse model has been used previously for the study of protection against challenge with strains of group B Streptococcus types Ia, Ib, and Ic, but investigators have not yet been successful in causing lethal disease when type III strains are inoculated. In this study, six clinical isolates belonging to serotype III were lethal in seven-week-old outbred albino mice; the 50% lethal dose (LD50) for mice tested ranged from 1.8 x 10(4) to 4.6 x 10(6). In contrast, a laboratory prototype strain of serotype III was not lethal. The lethality observed with this protection test depended on both the volume of the inoculum given and the medium in which the streptococci were suspended. LD50 values decreased as the volume of the inoculum, given intraperitoneally, increased, up to a volume of 1.5 ml. Hyperimmune rabbit antiserum to a clinical isolate of type III protected mice against an estimated 90% lethal dose of the isolate. Normal rabbit serum and heterologous antisera, except for one of two antisera to type Ia organisms, were not protective. Absorption of type III antiserum with whole organisms of serotype III or with purified, type III-specific polysaccharide inhibited protection of mice against type III organisms.
A NEW SEQUENCE OF FUNCTIONS INVOLVING (p_j ) F_(q_j ) (2013)

A remarkably large number of operational techniques have drawnthe attention of several researchers in the study of sequences of functions andpolynomials. Very recently, Agarwal and Chand gave a interesting new sequence of functions involving thepFq.Using the same method, in this paper,we present a new sequence of functions involving product of thepFq. Somegenerating relations and finite summation formula of the sequence presentedhere are also considered. In the last, we use Matlab (R2012a) for each parameter of our main sequence, which gives the eccentric characteristics in the areaof sequences of functions or class of polynomials
Multifunctional nanostructured materials for multimodal imaging, and simultaneous imaging and therapy (2008)

Nanotechnology offers tremendous potential for future biomedical technology. Due to their unique characteristics including superparamagnetic or fluorescent properties, and small size comparable to biomolecules, nanostructured materials have emerged as novel bioimaging, diagnostic, and therapeutic agents for the future medical field. Especially, the combinations of various nanostructured materials with different properties can offer synergetic multifunctional nanomedical platforms, which make it possible to accomplish multimodal imaging, and simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. Moreover, the conjugation of targeting moieties on the surface of these multifunctional nanomaterials gives them specific targeted imaging and therapeutic properties. In this tutorial review, we will summarize the recent reports on the fabrication strategies of multifunctional nanoplatforms and their applications to targeted multimodal imaging and simultaneous diagnosis and therapy.
Chemical Sterilization in the Male Part I: Rats (1982)

Adult male rats were injected intratesticularly with 3 mg and 6 mg zinc tannate (Kastrin) into each testis. Light microscopy and electron microscopy revealed that Kastrin is an effective irreversible chemical sterilant. Histological sections of testis indicated complete destruction of seminiferous tubules. Progeny testing of treated rats during a one-year period produced no pregnancy. No epididymitis or testicular teratoma were observed. Blood testosterone level of rats treated with 3 mg zinc tannate did not change significantly; however, in rats treated with 6 mg zinc tannate, blood testosterone level decreased significantly by 79% (p less than 0.0001).