gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Picking statistically valid and early simulation points (2003)

Modern architecture research relies heavily on detailed pipeline simulation. Simulating the full execution of an industry standard benchmark can take weeks to months to complete. To address this issue we have recently proposed using Simulation Points (found by only examining basic block execution frequency profiles) to increase the efficiency and accuracy of simulation. Simulation points are a small set of execution samples that when combined represent the complete execution of the program.In this paper we present a statistically driven algorithm for forming clusters from which simulation points are chosen, and examine algorithms for picking simulation points earlier in a program's execution - in order to significantly reduce fast-forwarding time during simulation. In addition, we show that simulation points can be used independent of the underlying architecture. The points are generated once for a program/input pair by only examining the code executed. We show the points accurately track hardware metrics (e.g., performance and cache miss rates) between different architecture configurations. They can therefore be used across different architecture configurations to allow a designer to make accurate trade-off decisions between different configurations.
A Broadband, Background-Free Quarter-Wave Plate Based on Plasmonic Metasurfaces (2012)

We demonstrate optically thin quarter-wave plates built with metasurfaces that generate high-quality circularly polarized light over a broad wavelength range for arbitrary orientation of the incident linear polarization. The metasurface consists of an array of plasmonic antennas with spatially varying phase and polarization responses. Experimentally demonstrated quarter-wave plates generate light with a high degree of circular polarization (>0.97) from λ = 5 to 12 μm, representing a major advance in performance compared to previously reported plasmonics-based wave plates.
An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling (2017)

Over the last 60 years plastics production has increased manifold, owing to their inexpensive, multipurpose, durable and lightweight nature. These characteristics have raised the demand for plastic materials that will continue to grow over the coming years. However, with increased plastic materials production, comes increased plastic material wastage creating a number of challenges, as well as opportunities to the waste management industry. The present overview highlights the waste management and pollution challenges, emphasising on the various chemical substances (known as "additives") contained in all plastic products for enhancing polymer properties and prolonging their life. Despite how useful these additives are in the functionality of polymer products, their potential to contaminate soil, air, water and food is widely documented in literature and described herein. These additives can potentially migrate and undesirably lead to human exposure via e.g. food contact materials, such as packaging. They can, also, be released from plastics during the various recycling and recovery processes and from the products produced from recyclates. Thus, sound recycling has to be performed in such a way as to ensure that emission of substances of high concern and contamination of recycled products is avoided, ensuring environmental and human health protection, at all times.
Detection of Papillomavirus Nucleic Acids in Genital Precancers with the In Situ Hybridization Technique (1987)

Recent advances in in situ hybridization technology have made it possible to analyze the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 nucleic acid sequences in genital neoplasms. This review addresses the methodology of in situ hybridization as it relates to the detection of HPV sequences in precancerous lesions and explores the potential value of this technique for both detecting HPV sequences in tissue sections and analyzing HPV gene functions that may be important in the genesis of squamous neoplasia.
Comparing Natural and Synthetic Training Data for Off-Line Cursive Handwriting Recognition (2004)

In this paper, a perturbation model for the generation of synthetic textlines from existing cursively handwritten lines of text, produced by human writers, is presented. The goal of synthetic textline generation is to improve the performance of an off-line cursive handwriting recognition system by providing it with additional, synthetic training data. In earlier papers, it has been shown that it is possible to improve the recognition performance by using such synthetically expanded training sets. In this paper, we investigate the suitability of synthetically generated handwriting when enlarging the training set of a handwriting recognition system in a more rigorous way. In particular, the improvements achieved with synthetic training data are compared to those achieved by expanding the training set using natural, i.e. human written, textlines.
Alternating current-excited magnetoresistive sensor (1996)

Thin-film anisotropic magnetoresistors are superior to semiconductor magnetic field sensors. ac excitation of the sensor bridge reduced the noise level to 10 nT p-p. The offset reduction and sensor characteristic stabilization was achieved by periodical flipping by means of 100 mA/100 μs current pulses into a 400 turns coil wound across the sensor perpendicular to the sensitive axis. The use of the flipping mechanism can significantly improve the performance of the permalloy anisotropic magnetoresistors: long-term offset stability of 10 nT, hysteresis below 100 ppm FS and 5 nT p-p noise can be achieved with low-power sensor electronic circuits. The array of eight magnetoresistors was used in a contactless dc current meter. A sensitivity of 0.1 mA and high geometrical selectivity was obtained.
Pneumocystis jiroveci in solid organ transplantation: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice (2019)

These updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of Pneumocystis jiroveci fungal infection transplant recipients. Pneumonia (PJP) may develop via airborne transmission or reactivation of prior infection. Nosocomial clusters of infection have been described among transplant recipients. PJP should not occur during prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Without prophylaxis, PJP risk is greatest in the first 6 months after organ transplantation but may develop later. Risk factors include low lymphocyte counts, cytomegalovirus infection (CMV), hypogammaglobulinemia, treated graft rejection or corticosteroids, and advancing patient age (>65). Presentation typically includes fever, dyspnea with hypoxemia, and cough. Chest radiographic patterns generally reveal diffuse interstitial processes best seen by CT scans. Patients generally have PO<sub>2</sub> < 60 mm Hg, elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and elevated serum (1 → 3) β-d-glucan assay. Specific diagnosis uses respiratory specimens with direct immunofluorescent staining; invasive procedures may be required. Quantitative PCR is a useful adjunct to diagnosis. TMP-SMX is the drug of choice for therapy; drug allergy should be documented before resorting to alternative therapies. Adjunctive corticosteroids may be useful early. Routine PJP prophylaxis is recommended for at least 6-12 months post-transplant, preferably with TMP-SMX.
A prospective assessment of androgen levels in patients with autistic spectrum disorders: biochemical underpinnings and suggested therapies. (2007)

Impairments in social relatedness and communication, repetitive behaviors, abnormal movement patterns, and sensory dysfunction characterize autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Seventy consecutive patients with an ASD diagnosis (DSM-IV criteria, >/= 6 years-old) who presented to the Genetic Centers of America for outpatient genetic/developmental evaluations from 2005-2007 were examined. Patients were evaluated using CLIA-approved Laboratory Cooperation of America (LabCorp) testing for: serum testosterone, serum free testosterone, % free testosterone, serum/plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstendione, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Morning blood samples collected following an overnight fast, compared to the pertinent reference means, showed significantly increased relative mean levels for: serum testosterone (158%), serum free testosterone (214%), percent free testosterone (121%), DHEA (192%), and androstenedione (173%). By contrast, compared to the pertinent reference mean, the relative mean level of FSH (51%) was significantly decreased. Additionally, at least one of the androgen attributes examined exceeded its recognized laboratory age- and sex-specific reference range in 81.4% (57 of 70) of the patients examined. With respect to their age- and sex-specific reference ranges, females had significantly higher overall mean relative testosterone and relative free testosterone levels than males. Increased androgens in patients diagnosed with ASDs may involve cyclical interactions between the androgen and the transsulfuration pathways, particularly following mercury exposure. A review of therapies that have significantly improved clinical outcomes in ASD patients indicates they share commonality in helping lower androgens. Thus, androgens should be routinely clinically measured in patients with an ASD diagnosis and appropriate androgen-lowering therapies considered for those who have significantly elevated levels.
Prediction of operons in microbial genomes (2001)

Operon structure is an important organization feature of bacterial genomes. Many sets of genes occur in the same order on multiple genomes; these conserved gene groupings represent candidate operons. This study describes a computational method to estimate the likelihood that such conserved gene sets form operons. The method was used to analyze 34 bacterial and archaeal genomes, and yielded more than 7600 pairs of genes that are highly likely (P: >/= 0.98) to belong to the same operon. The sensitivity of our method is 30-50% for the Escherichia coli genome. The predicted gene pairs are available from our World Wide Web site http://www.tigr.org/tigr-scripts/operons/operons.cgi.
The riboswitch-mediated control of sulfur metabolism in bacteria (2003)

Many operons in Gram-positive bacteria that are involved in methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) biosynthesis possess an evolutionarily conserved regulatory leader sequence (S-box) that positively controls these genes in response to methionine starvation. Here, we demonstrate that a feed-back regulation mechanism utilizes S-adenosyl-methionine as an effector. S-adenosyl-methionine directly and specifically binds to the nascent S-box RNA, causing an intrinsic terminator to form and interrupt transcription prematurely. The S-box leader RNA thus expands the family of newly discovered riboswitches, i.e., natural regulatory RNA aptamers that seem to sense small molecules ranging from amino acid derivatives to vitamins.
nail polish (2008)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTnail polishClassic formulas behind CHIP-FREE COATINGS slowly get a makeoverCARMEN DRAHLCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2008, 86, 32, 42Publication Date (Print):August 11, 2008Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 11 August 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v086n032.p042https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v086n032.p042newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Cellulose,Deposition Get e-Alerts
Vascular Plants of Vedanthangal Water Birds Sanctuary and Surrounding Regions in Chingleput District Tamil nadu India (1981)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Structure of the Flavivirus Helicase: Implications for Catalytic Activity, Protein Interactions, and Proteolytic Processing (2005)

Yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flavivirus genus, has a plus-sense RNA genome encoding a single polyprotein. Viral protein NS3 includes a protease and a helicase that are essential to virus replication and to RNA capping. The 1.8-A crystal structure of the helicase region of the YFV NS3 protein includes residues 187 to 623. Two familiar helicase domains bind nucleotide in a triphosphate pocket without base recognition, providing a site for nonspecific hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates and RNA triphosphate. The third, C-terminal domain has a unique structure and is proposed to function in RNA and protein recognition. The organization of the three domains indicates that cleavage of the viral polyprotein NS3-NS4A junction occurs in trans.
Structure of heparin. Characterization of the products formed from heparin by the action of a heparinase and a heparitinase from Flavobacterium heparinum. (1975)

The total degradation of heparin by the joint action of a purified heparinase and a heparitinase from Flavobacterium heparinum is reported. The heparinase acts directly upon heparin, yielding 52% of a trisulfated disaccharide (O-(alpha-L-ido-4-enepyranosyluronic acid 2-sulfate)-(1leads to 4)-2sulfoamino-2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-sulfate) and 40% of a tetrasaccharide besides small amounts of hexa- and disaccharides. The tetrasaccharide is in turn completely degraded by the heparitinase, forming trisulfated disaccharide and disulfated disaccharide (O-(alpha-D-glyco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-(1leads to 4)-2-sulfoamino-2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-sulfate) in equal amounts. These and other results indicate that the tri- and disulfated disaccharides are linked alternately, in a proportion of 3:1, respectively. The primary structure of heparin and the mode of action of the heparinase and the heparitinase are proposed based on the analysis of the different products formed by the action of the enzymes.
The promise of a new clinical trial--intra-articular IL-1 receptor antagonist. (1996)

Most rheumatic diseases resist traditional therapeutic interventions. Novel biologicals show considerable promise as antirheumatic agents but do not lend themselves to delivery as drugs. Gene therapy promises to harness the therapeutic potential of proteins by acting as a biological drug delivery system. Considerable progress has been made in the use of genes to treat animal models of RA, and a human trial of this technology is scheduled to begin this year.
T4 RNA ligase joins 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphates to oligodeoxyribonucleotides (1978)

T4 RNA ligase catalyzes the ATP-dependent addition of a single 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate to the 3'-hydroxyl of an oligodeoxyribonucleotide. The bisphosphate is joined to the deoxyoligomer by a 3' leads to 5' phosphodiester bond and the product, which is terminated by a 3'-phosphate, is one nucleotide longer than the substrate. Bisphosphates of dAdo, dCyd, dGuo, dThd, and dUrd are donors and oligodeoxyribonucleotides with dA, dC, dG, dT, or dU 3' termini act as acceptors. The preferred residue for both donor and acceptor is dCyd. Deoxyoligomers from 3 to 12 residues in length are active as acceptors. To obtain good yields, high concentration of enzyme, long incubation time at low temperature, and manganous rather than Mg(II) ion are required. Under optimal conditions, yields calculated with respect to deoxyoligomer converted to product vary from 40 to greater than 95%. The turnover number of the enzyme for DNA joining is extremely low but, because the preparation is nearly free of DNases, there is less than 3% degradation of substrate or product after 6 days of reaction. We anticipate that this reaction will serve as the basis for a method for the stepwise enzymatic synthesis of DNA of defined sequence.
Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene for 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase from Clostridium acidiurici ("Clostridium acidi-urici") (1986)

The gene for 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.3) from the purinolytic anaerobic bacterium Clostridium acidiurici ("Clostridium acidi-urici") was cloned into Escherichia coli JM83 with plasmid pUC8. A C. acidiurici genomic library was prepared in E. coli from a partial Sau3A digest and screened with antibody against the synthetase. Of 10 antibody-positive clones, 1 expressed a high level of synthetase activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the protein synthesized in E. coli had the same subunit molecular weight as the C. acidiurici enzyme. The gene was located on an 8.3-kilobase genomic insert and appeared to be transcribed from its own promoter. Analysis of genomic digests with a fragment of the synthetase gene indicated that one copy of the gene was present in the C. acidiurici chromosome.
CI and KM convergence: A case study at Shell Services International (2000)

This case study looks at how competitive intelligence activities at Shell Services International (SSI) have been impacted by the extensive use of knowledge management (KM). The case study begins with the corporate processes influenced by CI. It then details the four activities that CI analysts perform, focusing on the progression of moving from lower to higher value-added activities. The CI/KM system that SSI currently uses (including the intranet-based CI KnowledgeHouse) is then examined in terms of automating many of the tasks that the CI group performs on a daily basis. A taxonomy of this CI/KM system is introduced with a “tie-back” to the corporate processes influenced by CI. It is demonstrated that by using the CI/KM system the analyst has more time devoted to higher value-added tasks such as simulation/strategy. Finally, a “lessons learned” is presented that discusses some of the highlights and pitfalls encountered in implementing KM for SSI's CI practice. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Combining natriuretic peptides and necrosis markers in determining prognosis in heart failure. (2003)

Despite significant advances in medical therapy, patients with heart failure remain at increased risk of overall mortality, progressive ventricular dysfunction, and sudden cardiac death. Although a number of individual clinical and laboratory variables have been identified as being associated with increased mortality risk in heart failure, there remains a clear need for an integrated, accurate method of determining prognosis. Elevated plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been demonstrated to be a powerful marker for prognosis and risk stratification in the setting of heart failure. Patients with elevated BNP levels have been shown to be at significantly higher risk for heart failure admission or death, and higher BNP levels are associated with progressively worse prognosis. Although cardiac troponins are a well-established diagnostic and prognostic marker in acute coronary syndromes, emerging data suggest that cardiac troponins also provide independent prognostic information in heart failure. Detection of cardiac troponins in the serum of patients with heart failure has been shown to be associated with an impaired hemodynamic profile, progressive decline in left ventricular systolic function, and shortened survival. Combining a marker of myocyte injury-cardiac troponin-with BNP in a multimarker strategy appears to be a useful tool for improving risk assessment and triage in patients with heart failure. Heart failure patients with detectable cardiac troponin I and high BNP levels have been shown to have a 12-fold increased mortality risk compared with those with both undetectable cardiac troponin I and lower BNP. Integrating this multimarker approach into the routine assessment of heart failure patients will allow clinicians to more accurately identify high-risk patients who may derive increased benefit from intensive management strategies.
A New Calibration Model and Method of Camera Lens Distortion (2006)

Lens distortion is one of the main factors affecting camera calibration. In this paper, a new model of camera lens distortion is presented, according to which lens distortion is governed by the coefficients of radial distortion and a transform from ideal image plane to real sensing array plane. The transform is determined by two angular parameters describing the pose and two linear parameters locating the position of the sensing array plane. Compared with the conventional ones, the new model has fewer parameters to be calibrated and more explicit physical meaning. Calibration method of the new model is also proposed. Experiments show that calibration results from the new model and method can correct lens distortion better than conventional ones
Ovarian cancer (2012)

The field of ovarian cancer research has made marked progress in better understanding ovarian cancer and redefining its types. New information is putting into doubt that mutations in KRAS and/or BRAF always portend poor outcome, at least not in low‐grade serous ovarian cancers.
Optimal Grouping for Group Minimax Hypothesis Testing (2014)

Bayesian hypothesis testing and minimax hypothesis testing represent extreme instances of detection in which the prior probabilities of the hypotheses are either completely and precisely known, or are completely unknown. Group minimax, also known as Gamma -minimax, is a robust intermediary between Bayesian and minimax hypothesis testing that allows for coarse or partial advance knowledge of the hypothesis priors by using information on sets in which the prior lies. Existing work on group minimax, however, does not consider the question of how to define the sets or groups of priors; it is assumed that the groups are given. In this paper, we propose a novel intermediate detection scheme formulated through the quantization of the space of prior probabilities that optimally determines groups and also representative priors within the groups. We show that when viewed from a quantization perspective, group minimax amounts to determining centroids with a minimax Bayes risk error divergence distortion criterion: the appropriate Bregman divergence for this task. In addition, the optimal partitioning of the space of prior probabilities is a Bregman Voronoi diagram. Together, the optimal grouping and representation points are an epsilon -net with respect to Bayes risk error divergence, and permit a rate-distortion type asymptotic analysis of detection performance with the number of groups. Examples of detecting signals corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise and of distinguishing exponentially-distributed signals are presented.
Depleted-heterojunction colloidal quantum dot photovoltaics employing low-cost electrical contacts (2010)

With an aim to reduce the cost of depleted-heterojunction colloidal quantum dot solar cells, we describe herein a strategy that replaces costly Au with a low-cost Ni-based Ohmic contact. The resultant devices achieve 3.5% Air Mass 1.5 power conversion efficiency. Only by incorporating a 1.2-nm-thick LiF layer between the PbS quantum dot film and Ni, we were able to prevent undesired reactions and degradation at the metal-semiconductor interface.