gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning to Detect Ground Control Points for Improving the Accuracy of Stereo Matching (2014)

While machine learning has been instrumental to the ongoing progress in most areas of computer vision, it has not been applied to the problem of stereo matching with similar frequency or success. We present a supervised learning approach for predicting the correctness of stereo matches based on a random forest and a set of features that capture various forms of information about each pixel. We show highly competitive results in predicting the correctness of matches and in confidence estimation, which allows us to rank pixels according to the reliability of their assigned disparities. Moreover, we show how these confidence values can be used to improve the accuracy of disparity maps by integrating them with an MRF-based stereo algorithm. This is an important distinction from current literature that has mainly focused on sparsification by removing potentially erroneous disparities to generate quasi-dense disparity maps.
Interleukin 1 induces a shock-like state in rabbits. Synergism with tumor necrosis factor and the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition. (1988)

In addition to activating T and B lymphocytes, interleukin 1 (IL-1) induces several hematologic and metabolic changes typical of host responses to infection and injury. We now report a new biological property, namely, the induction of hypotension. Rabbits given a single intravenous injection of recombinant human IL-1-beta (5 micrograms/kg) rapidly developed decreased systemic arterial pressure, which reached the lowest levels after 50-60 min and slowly returned to pre-IL-1 values after 3 h. Associated with the hypotension, systemic vascular resistance and central venous pressure fell, while cardiac output and heart rate increased. These responses were prevented by ibuprofen given 15 min before the IL-1. A bolus injection of IL-1 followed by a 2-h infusion sustained the hypotension and was associated with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Ibuprofen given at the mid-point of the infusion reversed the changes in all hemodynamic parameters, but had no effect on the leukopenia or thrombocytopenia. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) also induced a shock-like state in rabbits. When the dose of IL-1 or TNF was reduced to 1 microgram/kg, no hemodynamic changes were observed; however, the combination of these low doses of both cytokines resulted in a profound shock-like state including histological evidence of severe pulmonary edema and hemorrhage. Pretreatment with ibuprofen prevented the hemodynamic, leukocyte, and platelet changes induced by the low-dose cytokine combination, and ameliorated the pulmonary tissue damage. These results demonstrate that IL-1, like TNF, possesses the ability to induce hemodynamic and hematological changes typical of septic shock, and that the combination of IL-1 and TNF is more potent than either agent alone. These effects seem to require cyclooxygenase products, and suggest that intravenous cyclooxygenase inhibitors may be of therapeutic value in patients with IL-1/TNF-mediated shock.
The influence of morphine, loperamide and naloxone on gallbladder response to prostaglandin E2 in the anaesthetized cat (1986)

In experimental cholecystitis there is a net fluid secretion into the gallbladder lumen and an increased release of prostaglandins. Indomethacin and opiates are known to inhibit this mucosal fluid secretion. Intraluminal or intra-arterial administration of prostaglandin E2 reduces basal gallbladder fluid absorption or induces a net fluid secretion to the lumen and also contracts the normal gallbladder. The use of a continuous perfusion technique in anaesthetized cats in this study shows that the effects of prostaglandin E2 on gallbladder function are blocked by intravenous morphine and loperamide. Naloxone does not affect the gallbladder responses to PGE2 administration. As a mechanism of action it is suggested that opiates inhibit secretory and contractile nerves that are activated by prostaglandins in the gallbladder wall. The findings suggest that the pain relieving effects of opiates in cholecystitis and biliary pain partly are due to blocking of the effects by prostaglandins on gallbladder function.
Transforming growth factor beta 1 is an inducer of erythroid differentiation. (1994)

Normal human bone marrow cells, highly enriched for burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), were cultured in serum-free medium, in the presence and absence of various factors, to investigate the mechanisms involved in regulating erythroid differentiation. In cultures containing interleukin 3 (IL-3), Steel factor (SF), and erythropoietin (Ep), benzidine-positive erythroblasts first became detectable on day 6. Their numbers then rapidly increased until, by day 16, > 99% of the cells, which were 20,000-fold amplified over input numbers, were benzidine-positive. It is interesting to note that omission of either SF or Ep from this assay markedly enhanced the rate of differentiation and reduced total cell numbers, whereas omission of IL-3 had no effect on the rate of differentiation and only slightly reduced cell numbers. Of various agents tested, the most potent erythroid differentiation inducer (and inhibitor of cell proliferation) was found to be transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). This cytokine stimulated both the rapid appearance of hemoglobin-positive cells and an early cessation of cell proliferation. Using fluorescently tagged antibodies to glycophorin A and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis, this phenomenon was shown to be due to an early induction of erythroid differentiation rather than an aberrant production of hemoglobin. Methylcellulose assays indicated that the well-documented reduction of BFU-E colony numbers observed with TGF-beta 1 may actually be due to a TGF-beta 1-induced "conversion" of BFU-E into colony-forming units-erythroid (CFU-E). Thus, in vivo, TGF-beta 1 might serve, in part, to decrease the number of mature erythrocytes by stimulating BFU-E to skip a number of cell divisions and differentiate early.
Percutaneous Screw Fixation of Fractures of the Iliac Wing and Fracture-dislocations of the Sacro-iliac Joint (OTA Types 61-B2.2 and 61-B2.3, or Young-Burgess “Lateral Compression Type II” Pelvic Fractures) (2002)

A technique for closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation of fractures of the iliac wing and fracture-dislocations of the sacro-iliac joint is presented. Twenty-seven pelvic fractures were treated with attempted closed reduction followed by percutaneous screw fixation. Closed reduction failed in two patients. In the other twenty-five, closed reduction to within one centimeter of residual displacement was obtained, and was followed by stabilization with percutaneously placed cannulated screws. Complications included dislodgment of a screw from the superior pubic ramus in one patient, and partial cut-out of a screw along the inner cortex of the iliac wing in another. Two patients were lost to follow-up before fracture union occurred. The remaining twenty-three patients were followed-up for an average of twenty-seven months (range, 18-48 months). All of the fractures healed in the twenty-three patients who were not lost to follow-up. All but two of the patients who were working before injury returned to work. All but one of the patients was satisfied with the outcome of their pelvic fracture treatment. Closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation of fractures of the posterior portion of the iliac wing yields acceptable reductions, with minimal blood loss and limited damage to the surrounding soft tissues.
Erythropoietin enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory (2008)

We conclude that EPO improves hippocampus dependent memory by modulating plasticity, synaptic connectivity and activity of memory-related neuronal networks. These mechanisms of action of EPO have to be further exploited for treating neuropsychiatric diseases.
Vision Systems: Applications (2007)

Computer Vision is the most important key in developing autonomous navigation systems for interaction with the environment. It also leads us to marvel at the functioning of our own vision system. In this book we have collected the latest applications of vision research from around the world. It contains both the conventional research areas like mobile robot navigation and map building, and more recent applications such as, micro vision, etc.The fist seven chapters contain the newer applications of vision like micro vision, grasping using vision, behavior based perception, inspection of railways and humanitarian demining. The later chapters deal with applications of vision in mobile robot navigation, camera calibration, object detection in vision search, map building, etc.
The Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Papain (1970)

Abstract The active cysteine of papain was labeled with 14C-iodoacetate and the cystine residues were reduced and coupled with unlabeled iodoacetate. The heptacarboxymethyl papain was then maleyalated and hydrolyzed with trypsin. Key peptides were isolated from this hydrolysate which have permitted completion of the amino acid sequence of the protein. Thus, an earlier tentative and incomplete version of this sequence has been corrected and shown to be in accord with the studies of Drenth et al. (Drenth, J., Jansonius, J. N., Koekoek, R., Swen, H. M., and Wolthers, B. G., Nature, 218, 929 (1968)) by x-ray crystallographic methods.
An Overview of Lung Cancer Genomics and Proteomics (2005)

Lung cancer is the cause of nearly 170,000 cancer deaths in the United States each year, accounting for nearly 25% of all deaths from cancer. The 5-yr survival rate for lung cancer is < 15% from the time of diagnosis. This is largely due to the late stage of diagnosis and the lack of effective treatments, reflecting the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie lung carcinogenesis. Unlike the study of a single gene, protein, or pathway, genomic and proteomic technologies enable a systematic overview that provides the potential to improve our understanding of this disease. Ultimately, this could improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical management of patients with lung cancer. Here, we review studies that generated profiles of gene and protein expression in lung cancer specimens and relevant model systems, and make recommendations to facilitate the clinical application of these technologies.
Rad52 Protein Associates with Replication Protein A (RPA)-Single-stranded DNA to Accelerate Rad51-mediated Displacement of RPA and Presynaptic Complex Formation (2002)

The Rad51 nucleoprotein filament mediates DNA strand exchange, a key step of homologous recombination. This activity is stimulated by replication protein A (RPA), but only when RPA is introduced after Rad51 nucleoprotein filament formation. In contrast, RPA inhibits Rad51 nucleoprotein complex formation by prior binding to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), but Rad52 protein alleviates this inhibition. Here we show that Rad51 filament formation is simultaneous with displacement of RPA from ssDNA. This displacement is initiated by a rate-limiting nucleation of Rad51 protein onto ssDNA complex, followed by rapid elongation of the filament. Rad52 protein accelerates RPA displacement by Rad51 protein. This acceleration probably involves direct interactions with both Rad51 protein and RPA. Detection of a Rad52-RPA-ssDNA co-complex suggests that this co-complex is an intermediate in the displacement process.
[Clinical and pathological characteristics and pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis]. (2002)

To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics and pathogenesis of autoimmunohepatitis (AIH).The serum and liver biopsy specimens and clinical data of 26 cases with patients with AIH were analyzed and scored according to the criteria of International autoimmune hepatitis (IAIHG, 1999). The changes of dendritic cells (DC) in the liver tissues were observed with a panel of DC markers (CD-80/B7-1, CD-86/B7-2, CD-1a and HLA-DR) and immunohistochemistry, and the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and the expression of TGF-alpha were also detected. Liver tissue specimens from 10 patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C respectively and 5 normal liver specimens were chosen as controls.Mean aggregate scores of 26 AIH cases, including 21 cases of type B (80.8%) and 5 cases of type C (19.2%), which were 18.6 +/- 1.4 and 19.1 +/- 2.1 respectively. There were significant differences between the type B and type C in the average age levels of serum ALT and AST, and alpha-Glo (P <0.001 or P< 0.01 or P <0.05). Histological features of all the AIH liver tissues showed the lesions of chronic active hepatitis such as interface hepatitis/piecemeal necrosis (100%), obvious lobular inflammation (type B 95.2%, type C 100%), bridging necrosis (57.1% type B, 80.0% type C, P<0.05), rosetting of liver cells (71.4% type B, 100% type C, P<0.01), central lobular confluent necrosis (33.3% type B, 80.0% type C, P<0.001), predominant plasmacytic infiltration (type B 95.2%, type C 20.0%, P<0.001). The rates of increased and concentrated DC in the portal and lobular areas, especially in the active lesions in type B and type C AIH were 85.7% (18/21) and 5/5 respectively. It was found that DC and lymphocytes surrounded the hepatocytes which partly expressed HLA-DR antigen, while there were no or a few HLA-DR positive hepatocytes in controls. Meanwhile, the number of alpha-SMA positive HSC and the expression of TGF- were obviously increased in AIH liver tissues.Several clinical and pathological features of AIH were identified in this study. As an antigen-presenting cell, DC might play an important role in the pathogenesis of AIH. In China, sub-type B of AIH might be more frequent than sub-type C and there were differences in clinical aspects, serology and pathology between the two types.
Secretin provocation test in the diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. (1991)

The secretin stimulation test has become the preferred provocative test in suspected cases of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. A pure secretin preparation, a gastrin-specific radioimmunoassay, and an appropriate sampling sequence are important for the proper interpretation of this test. Gastric acid analysis is necessary in the assessment of hypergastrinemia to confirm acid hypersecretion and exclude achlorhydria. When properly performed and interpreted, the secretin provocation test offers a safe, expeditious, and reliable means of evaluating patients with hypergastrinemia.
읽기활동에 있어서 교사 - 유아의 상호작용이 유아의 내용 이해력에 미치는 효과 (1995)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the teacher- child interaction for story reading on the child`s understanding. This is based on the theory of social interaction of Vygotsky that argues that a child can solve a difficult problem independently through the guidance and the help of an adult. Thus the pupose of this thesis is, in other words, to demonstrate that the child`s various experience with the adult promotes the child`s cognitive development as well as to emphasize the importance of strategies appropriate for the child`s developmental stage. In order to attain this goal, the following hypotheses were established. 1. There will be a difference in children`s understanding between the group where a teacher just reads the story for a child and the group where a teacher reads for a child and interacts with a child through questioning and summarzing. 2. The effect of the teacher-children interaction in reading will vary according to the familarity(familiar/unfamiliar) of the given story. To verify these hypotheses, eighty 6-year old children randomly sampled from eight classes were divided into a forty-member experimental group and a forty-member control group. 20 of the former group were for the reading of familiar stories and 20 for that of unfamiliar stories according to the familiarity of the stories. To verify the teacher-child interaction in reading, comprehension checkup papers(2(groups) X 2(familiarity)) graded were analysed by Anova. The result of this study can be summarized as the following. 1. There was a significant difference between the experimental group which read with the teacher-child interaction and the control group which just read without any interaction. 2. The effect of the teacher-child interaction in reading significantly varied according to the familiarity of the stories. In other words, the effect of the interaction was greater in familiar stories and the child`s understanding ability was much greater.
Tissue-engineered Neogenesis of Human-shaped Mandibular Condyle from Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2003)

The temporomandibular joint is susceptible to diseases and trauma that may ultimately lead to structural degeneration. Current approaches for replacing degenerated mandibular condyles suffer from deficiencies such as donor site morbidity, immunorejection, implant wear and tear, and pathogen transmission. The hypothesis of this study was that a human-shaped mandibular condyle can be tissue-engineered from rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encapsulated in a biocompatible polymer. Rat bone marrow MSCs were isolated and induced to differentiate into chondrogenic and osteogenic cells in vitro, and encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel in two stratified layers molded into the shape of a cadaver human mandibular condyle. Eight weeks following in vivo implantation of the bilayered osteochondral constructs in the dorsum of immunodeficient mice, mandibular condyles formed de novo. Microscopic evaluation of the tissue-engineered mandibular condyle demonstrated two stratified layers of histogenesis of cartilaginous and osseous phenotypes. The current approach is being refined for ultimate therapeutic applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of the First Liquid Single-Source Precursors for the Deposition of Ternary Chalcopyrite (CuInS2) Thin Film Materials (2001)

Molecular engineering of ternary single-source precursors based on the [{PBu3}2Cu(SR‘)2In(SR‘)2] architecture have afforded the first liquid CIS ternary single-source precursors (when R = Et, n-Pr), which are suitable for low-temperature deposition (<350 °C). Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and modulated DSC confirm their liquid phase and reduced stability. X-ray diffraction studies, EDS, and SEM support the formation of the single-phase chalcopyrite CuInS2 at low temperatures.
Frequency of consumption of specific food items and symptoms of preeclampsia and eclampsia in Indian women (2014)

Frequency of consumption of specific food items is associated with occurrence of preeclampsia eclampsia and eclampsia symptoms in Indian women.
The Shh signalling pathway in tooth development: defects in Gli2 and Gli3 mutants (1998)

The expression of genes involved in the Sonic Hedgehog signalling pathway, including Shh, Ptc, Smo, Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3, were found to be expressed in temporal and spatial patterns during early murine tooth development, suggestive of a role in early tooth germ initiation and subsequent epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Of these Ptc, Smo, Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3 were expressed in epithelium and mesenchyme whereas Shh was only detected in epithelium. This suggests that Shh is involved in both lateral (epithelial-mesenchymal) and planar (epithelial-epithelial) signalling in early tooth development. Ectopic application of Shh protein to mandibular mesenchyme induced the expression of Ptc and Gli1. Addition of exogenous Shh protein directly into early tooth germs and adjacent to tooth germs, resulted in abnormal epithelial invagination, indicative of a role for Shh in epithelial cell proliferation. In order to assess the possible role of this pathway, tooth development in Gli2 and Gli3 mutant embryos was investigated. Gli2 mutants were found to have abnormal development of maxillary incisors, probably resulting from a mild holoprosencephaly, whereas Gli3 mutants had no major tooth abnormalities. Gli2/Gli3 double homozygous mutants did not develop any normal teeth and did not survive beyond embryonic day 14.5; however, Gli2(-/-); Gli3(+/-) did survive until birth and had small molars and mandibular incisors whereas maxillary incisor development was arrested as a rudimentary epithelial thickening. These results show an essential role for Shh signalling in tooth development that involves functional redundancy of downstream Gli genes.
The Harvard Catalyst Common Reciprocal IRB Reliance Agreement: An Innovative Approach to Multisite IRB Review and Oversight (2014)

Reduction of duplicative Institutional Review Board (IRB) review for multiinstitutional studies is a desirable goal to improve IRB efficiency while enhancing human subject protections. Here we describe the Harvard Catalyst Master Reciprocal Common IRB Reliance Agreement (MRA), a system that provides a legal framework for IRB reliance, with the potential to streamline IRB review processes and reduce administrative burden and barriers to collaborative, multiinstitutional research. The MRA respects the legal autonomy of the signatory institutions while offering a pathway to eliminate duplicative IRB review when appropriate. The Harvard Catalyst MRA provides a robust and flexible model for reciprocal reliance that is both adaptable and scalable.
Moneta eta produkzioa (1997)

The definitions of money and economic product and the exact nature of their relationship are far from being clearly formulated by Economics. The aim of this paper is to introduce the reader to a different approach to the basic concepts of our science. The Quantum Theory is based upon the identity of money and product. This identity requires a new view on production as a non purely physical activity, at least in the case Economics have a special object as different from that of Physics. Productive activity changes time, continuous time. Physically intact, matter and energy have a different, more useful, shape after work. According to Quantum Theory, while physical production may be seen as more or less continuous process of reshaping matter and energy, economic production is an instantaneous creation-destruction of its object, the product. All the moments of work are instantaneous in the moment the product is finished. They are a quantum of time, an undivisible object, because of the action of labour. References at the end would be helpful to those readers who would want further theoretical details.
Implementation of the simultaneous perturbation algorithm for stochastic optimization (1998)

The need for solving multivariate optimization problems is pervasive in engineering and the physical and social sciences. The simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm has recently attracted considerable attention for challenging optimization problems where it is difficult or impossible to directly obtain a gradient of the objective function with respect to the parameters being optimized. SPSA is based on an easily implemented and highly efficient gradient approximation that relies on measurements of the objective function, not on measurements of the gradient of the objective function. The gradient approximation is based on only two function measurements (regardless of the dimension of the gradient vector). This contrasts with standard finite-difference approaches, which require a number of function measurements proportional to the dimension of the gradient vector. This paper presents a simple step-by-step guide to implementation of SPSA in generic optimization problems and offers some practical suggestions for choosing certain algorithm coefficients.
Diffraction enhanced x-ray imaging (1997)

Diffraction enhanced imaging is a new x-ray radiographic imaging modality using monochromatic x-rays from a synchrotron which produces images of thick absorbing objects that are almost completely free of scatter. They show dramatically improved contrast over standard imaging applied to the same phantom. The contrast is based not only on attenuation but also the refraction and diffraction properties of the sample. This imaging method may improve image quality for medical applications, industrial radiography for non-destructive testing and x-ray computed tomography.