gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site‐specific analysis of the N‐glycans on murine polymeric immunoglobulin A using liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry (1995)

Abstract The site‐specific distribution of oligosaccharides on murine polymeric immunoglobulin A (pIgA) consisting of two or more immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies connected through J‐chain was analysed by liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry. Glycopeptides from pIgA were localized in a reversed‐phase tryptic peptide chromatogram by collision excitation scanning and their amino acid sequences determined by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and Edman degradation. Two glycosylation sites on IgA and a single glycosylation site on J‐chain were identified. Using biosynthetic constraints on carbohydrate structures, molecular mass information on the glycan moieties of the glycopeptides was translated into specific carbohydrate structure proposals. The glycopeptide incorporating the single glycosylation site at Asn49 in J‐chain carried fucosylated and non‐fucosylated di‐and triantennary N ‐acetyllactosamine type carbohydrate chains terminated by N ‐acetyl‐ and/or N ‐glycolylneuraminic acid residues. The glycosylation site in the IgA heavy chain at Asn446 contained two oligomannose‐type carbohydrate chains, one carrying five and the other six mannose residues. To the other glycosylation site in the IgA heavy chain at Asn155 one oligomannose structure, hybrid structures with the lactosamine branch terminated by either an additional galactose residue, N ‐glycolylneuraminic acid or N ‐acetylneuraminic acid, and non‐fucosylated N ‐acetyllactosamine‐type structures carrying the same terminating residues were attached. This glycosylation site was present in two separate glycopeptides differing only in their degree of carboxymethylation and yielding identical oligosaccharide distributions, thus providing additional confidence in the assignment method.
Solution-Processable Electrochemiluminescent Ion Gels for Flexible, Low-Voltage, Emissive Displays on Plastic (2014)

Ion gels comprising ABA triblock copolymers and ionic liquids have received much attention as functional materials in numerous applications, especially as gate dielectrics in organic transistors. Here we have expanded the functionality of ion gels by demonstrating low-voltage, flexible electrochemiluminescent (ECL) devices using patterned ion gels containing redox-active luminophores. The ECL devices consisted only of a 30 μm thick emissive gel and two electrodes and were fabricated on indium tin oxide-coated substrates (e.g., polyester) simply by solution-casting the ECL gel and brush-painting a top Ag electrode. The triblock copolymer employed in the gel was polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-polystyrene, where the solvophobic polystyrene end blocks associate into micellar cross-links in the versatile ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMI][TFSI]). An ECL gel containing ~6.25 wt % Ru(bpy)3Cl2 (relative to [EMI][TFSI]) as the luminophore turned on at an AC peak-to-peak voltage as low as 2.6 V (i.e., -1.3 to +1.3 V) and showed a relatively rapid response (sub-ms). The wavelength of maximum emission was 610 nm (red-orange). With the use of an iridium(III) complex, Ir(diFppy)2(bpy)PF6 [diFppy = 2-(2',4'-difluorophenyl)pyridine; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl], the emitting color was tuned to a maximum wavelength of 540 nm (green). Moreover, when a blended luminophore system containing a 60:40 mixture of Ru(bpy)3(2+) and Ir(diFppy)2(bpy)(+) was used in the emissive layer, the luminance of red-orange-colored light was enhanced by a factor of 2, which is explained by the generation of the additional excited state Ru(bpy)3(2+)* by a coreactant pathway with Ir(diFppy)2(bpy)(+)* in addition to the usual annihilation pathway. This is the first time that enhanced ECL has been achieved in ion gels (or ionic liquids) using a coreactant. Overall, the results indicate that ECL ion gels are attractive multifunctional materials for printed electronics.
A Gold Nanoparticle Bouquet held on plasma membrane: An ultrasensitive dark-field imaging approach for Cancer Cell Analysis (2020)

<b>Rational:</b> p53 is suppressing tumor protein correlated with the cell cycle factors and apoptosis. Here, a gold nanoparticle bouquet is designed for an ultrasensitive dark-field imaging approach for cancer cell analysis. <b>Methods:</b> AuNP60/APBA is functionalized by a gold nanoparticle bouquet-plasmonic 60 nm gold nanoparticles. And consistent APBA can be held on the plasma membrane. After 13 nm gold nanoparticles are functionalized with mannose (AuNP13/MN), the AuNP60/APBA gold nanoparticles are captured. The absorption spectrum of aggregation gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) shifts to near-infrared (NIR) region which can be observed under dark-field microscopy (DFM) and is treated the subsequent with photothermal therapy. <b>Results:</b> The results that MCF-7 cells were successfully destroyed under the near-infrared (NIR) irradiation and the intracellular WTp53 increased while the MTp53 decreased. These results indicated that p53 is the key molecule in the apoptosis signaling pathway. Photothermal therapy can stimulate the MTp53 in the cell signal conductive pathway. <b>Conclusion:</b> This work offers a new method for intracellular p53 analysis and a potential targeted cancer treatment.
Multimodal event parsing for intelligent user interfaces (2003)

Many intelligent interfaces must recognize patterns of user activity that cross a variety of different input channels. These multimodal interfaces offer significant challenges to both the designer and the software engineer. The designer needs a method of expressing interaction patterns that has the power to capture real use cases and a clear semantics. The software engineer needs a processing model that can identify the described interaction patterns efficiently while maintaining meaningful intermediate state to aid in debugging and system maintenanceIn this paper, we describe an input model, a general recognition model, and a series of important classes of recognition parsers with useful computational characteristics; that is, we can say with some certainty how efficient the recognizers will be, and the kind of patterns the recognizers will accept. Examples illustrate the ability of these recognizers to integrate information from multiple channels across varying time intervals.
Learning in Markov Random Fields using Tempered Transitions (2009)

Markov random fields (MRF’s), or undirected graphical models, provide a powerful framework for modeling complex dependencies among random variables. Maximum likelihood learning in MRF’s is hard due to the presence of the global normalizing constant. In this paper we consider a class of stochastic approximation algorithms of the Robbins-Monro type that use Markov chain Monte Carlo to do approximate maximum likelihood learning. We show that using MCMC operators based on tempered transitions enables the stochastic approximation algorithm to better explore highly multimodal distributions, which considerably improves parameter estimates in large, densely-connected MRF’s. Our results on MNIST and NORB datasets demonstrate that we can successfully learn good generative models of high-dimensional, richly structured data that perform well on digit and object recognition tasks. 1
Donor Cell Survival in a Fresh Osteochondral Allograft at Twenty-nine Years (2007)

Jamali, Amir A. MD; Hatcher, Sandra L. MSc, CLSp (MB); You, Zongbing PhD Author Information
Multi-document summarization based on lexical chains (2005)

This paper for the first time investigates using lexical chains as a model of multiple documents written in Chinese to generate an indicative, moderately fluent summary. The algorithm which computes lexical chains based on the HowNet knowledge database is modified to improve the performance and suit Chinese summarization. Based on an analysis of semanteme, the algorithm can remove redundant similarities and remain differences in information content among multiple documents. The method pre-processes the text first, then constructs lexical chains and identifies strong chains. Then significant sentences are extracted from each document and are ordered, and redundant information are recognized and removed. Finally, the summary is generated in chronological order, and the anaphora resolution technology is applied to improve the fluency of the summary. Evaluation results show that the performance of the presented system is obviously better than that of the baseline system, and lexical chains are effective for multidocument summarization.
Heterotypic models of osteosarcoma recapitulate tumor heterogeneity and biological behavior (2016)

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a heterogeneous and rare disease with a disproportionate impact because it mainly affects children and adolescents. Lamentably, more than half of patients with OS succumb to metastatic disease. Clarification of the etiology of the disease, development of better strategies to manage progression, and methods to guide personalized treatments are among the unmet health needs for OS patients. Progress in managing the disease has been hindered by the extreme heterogeneity of OS; thus, better models that accurately recapitulate the natural heterogeneity of the disease are needed. For this study, we used cell lines derived from two spontaneous canine OS tumors with distinctly different biological behavior (OS-1 and OS-2) for heterotypic in vivo modeling that recapitulates the heterogeneous biology and behavior of this disease. Both cell lines demonstrated stability of the transcriptome when grown as orthotopic xenografts in athymic nude mice. Consistent with the behavior of the original tumors, OS-2 xenografts grew more rapidly at the primary site and had greater propensity to disseminate to lung and establish microscopic metastasis. Moreover, OS-2 promoted formation of a different tumor-associated stromal environment than OS-1 xenografts. OS-2-derived tumors comprised a larger percentage of the xenograft tumors than OS-1-derived tumors. In addition, a robust pro-inflammatory population dominated the stromal cell infiltrates in OS-2 xenografts, whereas a mesenchymal population with a gene signature reflecting myogenic signaling dominated those in the OS-1 xenografts. Our studies show that canine OS cell lines maintain intrinsic features of the tumors from which they were derived and recapitulate the heterogeneous biology and behavior of bone cancer in mouse models. This system provides a resource to understand essential interactions between tumor cells and the stromal environment that drive the progression and metastatic propensity of OS.
Decision Support with Web-Enabled Software (2001)

SAS develops software for building Web-based applications for data management, statistical analysis, forecasting, data mining, and operations research. Our customers have used these tools to build several kinds of Web-based decision-support applications. A Web-based optimization framework is used to solve a large-scale production-and-distribution problem at United Sugars Corporation, to solve an inventory replenishment problem at Cameron and Barkley, and to find optimal portfolios of suppliers using Dun and Bradstreet data. Applications implemented at Dow Corning and the Aeronautics Division of Lockheed Martin make statistical-process-control and project-management data available via the Web. We conclude with a discussion of Web mining and some of its challenges.
2'-Fluoro and 2-amino-2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates as substrates for T7 RNA polymerase (1992)

2'-Fluoro- and 2'-amino-2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates have been investigated as substrates for T7 RNA polymerase. Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters are reported for the incorporation of 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine, and 2'-amino-2'-deoxyuridine into runoff transcripts. The 2'-amino derivative of uridine is a better substrate than the 2'-fluoro derivative. Gel electrophoretic analysis shows that full-length transcripts with a length of 2500 nucleotides can be obtained with the analogues, although a considerable amount of shorter fragments accompanies the full-length product. In keeping with the kinetic analysis, the 2'-aminouridine triphosphate gives a cleaner product than the 2'-fluoro analogue. Transcription of two tRNA genes shows that such shorter templates can be transcribed to full-length products essentially without premature termination with any of the analogues.
Cellular and subcellular localization of the bactericidal/permeability- increasing protein of neutrophils (1987)

Human and rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes contain a bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), a potent cytotoxin active specifically against gram-negative bacteria. To identify the cell population(s) producing BPI, we have examined mature and immature human blood cells for BPI by immunofluorescence of intact cells and radioimmunoassay and bioassay of cell extracts. By immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay of cells from peripheral blood, BPI was detected only in neutrophils; immunofluorescent staining was punctate, indicative of the granule localization of BPI. Nearly all (greater than 90%) BPI was recovered during the subcellular fractionation of neutrophils (N2 cavitation and discontinuous Percoll gradient) in fractions containing primary granules. Little BPI was released from intact cells during degranulation (cytochalasin B and f-Met-Leu-Phe) or could be extracted from isolated granules with salt or weak acid, which suggests that most granule-associated BPI is membrane bound. Double staining of bone marrow smears for BPI and lactoferrin revealed BPI only in neutrophil precursors including (pro)myelocytelike cells lacking lactoferrin, a marker of neutrophil secondary granules. Of several human cell lines tested, only the promyelocytelike HL-60 (and to a lesser extent, KG-1) cells contained BPI. BPI was present in a more mature subpopulation (less than 25%) of untreated HL-60 cells, recognized by surface marker analysis (rosetting with IgG-sensitized sheep RBC, the absence of proliferation-associated cell surface antigen). Induction of neutrophilic or monocytic differentiation caused, respectively, a small (approximately 50%) rise or fall in the BPI content. These findings indicate that BPI is a specific product of the neutrophil lineage and, hence, of the specialized cytotoxic apparatus of the neutrophil that plays an essential role in host defense v gram-negative bacteria.
No detection of Borrelia burgdorferi-specific DNA in erythema migrans lesions after minocycline treatment (1995)

The presented polymerase chain reaction data, together with the clinical outcome, indicate that minocycline may be useful for treatment of early Lyme borreliosis.
Suppression of polyglutamine-induced protein aggregation in Caenorhabditis elegans by torsin proteins (2003)

Torsion dystonia is an autosomal dominant movement disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive muscle contractions and twisted postures. The most severe early-onset form of dystonia has been linked to mutations in the human DYT1 (TOR1A) gene encoding a protein termed torsinA. While causative genetic alterations have been identified, the function of torsin proteins and the molecular mechanism underlying dystonia remain unknown. Phylogenetic analysis of the torsin protein family indicates these proteins share distant sequence similarity with the large and diverse family of AAA+ proteins. We have established the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, as a model system for examining torsin activity. Using an in vivo assay for polyglutamine repeat-induced protein aggregation in living animals, we have determined that ectopic overexpression of both human and C. elegans torsin proteins results in a dramatic reduction of polyglutamine-dependent protein aggregation in a manner similar to that previously reported for molecular chaperones. The suppressive effects of torsin overexpression persisted as animals aged, whereas a mutant nematode torsin protein was incapable of ameliorating aggregate formation. Antibody staining of transgenic animals indicated that both the C. elegans torsin-related protein TOR-2 and ubiquitin were localized to sites of protein aggregation. These data represent the first functional evidence of a role for torsins in effectively managing protein folding and suggest that possible breakdown in a neuroprotective mechanism that is, in part, mediated by torsins may be responsible for the neuronal dysfunction associated with dystonia.
Mechanism of Action of Bucindolol in Human Ventricular Myocardium (1990)

The mechanism of action of the beta-receptor antagonist bucindolol was examined in human ventricular myocardium. Bucindolol was found to be a high-affinity competitive beta-blocking agent as determined by bucindolol-[125I]iodocyanopindolol (ICYP) competition curves (KI = 3.7 +/- 1.3 x 10(-9) M, n = 10). This value was in general agreement with bucindolol KB's, determined by antagonism of isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity (KB = 2.8 +/- 0.55 x 10(-9) M, n = 5) or isoproterenol-augmented contraction of right ventricular trabeculae (KB = 2.9 +/- 1.9 x 10(-9) M, n = 3). In contrast, the alpha 1-receptor KI, determined at bucindolol-125IBE2254 (IBE) competition binding in rat cardiac membranes, was 1.2 x 10(-7) M. Bucindolol exhibited no beta 1- or beta 2-receptor subtype selectivity as deduced from blockade of the beta-agonist-coupled adenylate cyclase system, receptor-binding studies with preparations of human ventricular myocardium with predominantly beta 1 or beta 2 receptors, or receptor-binding studies in model systems consisting of beta 1 (guinea pig myocardial membranes) or beta 2 receptors (human mononuclear and frog myocardial membranes). In membranes derived from human ventricular myocardium and human lymphocytes, bucindolol recognized a high-affinity agonist-binding site as determined by guanine nucleotide modulation of competition-binding curves. Although bucindolol has measurable intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) in some animal systems, no increase in adenylate cyclase activity or muscle contraction was detected in preparations of human heart. In conclusion, bucindolol is a high-affinity nonselective beta-receptor antagonist with no evidence of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity in human ventricular myocardium.
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Target Proteins and Their Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Restriction in Response to Adenovirus Vectors Delivered to Mouse Liver (1998)

The activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to cells infected with adenovirus vectors contributes to problems of inflammation and transient gene expression that attend their use in gene therapy. The goal of this study was to identify in a murine model of liver gene therapy the proteins that provide targets to CTLs and to characterize the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I restricting elements. Mice of different MHC haplotypes were infected with an E1-deleted adenovirus expressing human alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or beta-galactosidase as a reporter protein, and splenocytes were harvested for in vitro CTL assays to aid in the characterization of CTL epitopes. A library of vaccinia viruses was created to express individual viral open reading frames, as well as the ALP and lacZ transgenes. The MHC haplotype had a dramatic impact on the distribution of CTL targets: in C57BL/6 mice, the hexon protein presented by both H-2Kb and H2Db was dominant, and in C3H mice, H-2Dk-restricted presentation of ALP was dominant. Adoptive transfer of CTLs specific for various adenovirus proteins or transgene products into either Rag-I or C3H-scid mice infected previously with an E1-deleted adenovirus verified the in vivo relevance of the adenovirus-specific CTL targets identified in vitro. The results of these experiments illustrate the impact of lr gene control on the response to gene therapy with adenovirus vectors and suggest that the efficacy of therapy with adenovirus vectors may exhibit considerable heterogeneity when applied in human populations.
Über Triphenyl‐phosphin‐methylene als olefinbildende Reagenzien (I. Mitteil. (1954)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung von Triphenyl‐phosphin‐methylen und seinen in der Methylengruppe substituierten Derivaten mit Aldehyden und Ketonen wird der doppelt gebundene Sauerstoff gegen die Methylenreste ausgetauscht, wobei Triphenyl‐phosphinoxyd und die entsprechenden ungesättigten Verbindungen entstehen. Der mit dieser neuen Methode sich abzeichnende präparative Fortschritt liegt darin, daβ die C=C–Bindung ohne Verschiebung am Ort der ursprünglichen C=O–Bindung ausgebildet wird.
Introducing the Intel i860 64-bit microprocessor (1989)

The authors describe the single-chip i860 CPU, a 64-bit, RISC (reduced-instruction-set-computer)-based microprocessor that executes parallel instructions using mainframe and supercomputer architectural concepts. They designed the 1,000,000-transistor, 10-mm*15-mm processor for balanced integer, floating-point, and graphics performance. They discuss the RISC core, memory management, floating-point unit, graphics, bus interface, software support, and interfacing to a DRAM system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Up-regulation of Frizzled-7 (FZD7) in human gastric cancer (2001)

Human Frizzled-7 (FZD7) and human FzE3, showing 98.8% nucleotide identity, encode almost identical WNT receptors with nine amino-acid substitutions. FzE3 is claimed to be expressed specifically in esophageal cancer. We determined the structure of the FZD7 gene and the FZD7 cDNA expressed in esophageal cancer. The FZD7 gene without intron and the FZD7 cDNAs isolated from esophageal cancer cell lines TE4 and TE5 were found to encode WNT receptor identical to FZD7, but not to FzE3. Nucleotide sequence of FzE3 was not identified on the human genome draft sequence. Thus, we could not obtain any data suggesting the existence of FzE3. Expression profile of FZD7 was also investigated. FZD7 was expressed throughout normal gastrointestinal tract, from esophagus to rectum. Among human esophageal and gastric cancer cell lines, expression level of FZD7 was relatively lower in esophageal cancer cell lines, and was highest in the gastric cancer cell line MKN7. FZD7 was up-regulated in one out of six cases of human primary gastric cancer. As over-expression of Frizzled-7 leads to activation of the WNT-beta-catenin-TCF pathway, up-regulation of FZD7 in human gastric cancer might play key roles in carcinogenesis through activation of the WNT-beta-catenin-TCF pathway.