gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Matrix‐specific activation of Src and Rho initiates capillary morphogenesis of endothelial cells (2004)

Interstitial collagen I stimulates microvascular endothelial cells to form solid cords that imitate precapillary structures found during angiogenesis. Time-lapse microscopy identified cell retraction and disruption of cell-cell contacts as early critical steps in collagen I-induced capillary morphogenesis. These early stages paralleled collagen I activation of Src kinase and GTPase Rho through beta1 integrins. The Src inhibitor PP2, dominant-negative Src, and Rho inhibitor exoenzyme C3 transferase each inhibited collagen I induction of actin stress fibers that mediate cell retraction and each inhibited capillary morphogenesis. Collagen I also disrupted VE-cadherin from intercellular junctions through a Src-dependent mechanism; both the Src inhibitor PP2 and dominant-negative Src preserved VE-cadherin localization to regions of cell-cell contact. An active Src mutant disrupted VE-cadherin and cell-cell contacts similarly to collagen I. In sharp contrast, laminin-1 did not induce capillary morphogenesis, and laminin-1 did not induce activation of Src or Rho. Rather, laminin-1 induced persistent activation of the GTPase Rac. Thus, these studies identify activation of Src and Rho as key mechanisms by which collagen I provokes capillary morphogenesis of microvascular endothelial cells, and they define marked differences between the functions of collagen I and laminin-1 in regulating endothelial cell morphogenesis.
Quantification of expression of netrins, slits and their receptors in human prostate tumors (2002)

Recently, DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Cancer) protein has been forwarded as a receptor for netrin. The Netrin/DCC complex is critical for axon guidance and cell migration. In the developing nervous system, netrin protein secreted by midline cells attracts commissural axons by activating the DCC receptor on growth cones. This attraction can be switched to repulsion or silenced completely, depending on the DCC binding partner. The potential suppressor function of DCC in prostate tumorigenesis, through a still unknown mechanism, prompted us to quantify the expression of several genes involved in this axon guidance pathway. The relative expression levels of DCC, NEO1, NTN1, NTN2L, NTN4, UNC5C, Slit1, Slit2, Slit3, Robo1 and Robo2 were simultaneous quantified in 48 tumors and 7 normal prostate tissues by using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A reduction in DCC, NEO1, NTN1 and NTN4 expression was observed in prostate tumors, while many of the same prostate tumors over-expressed either Slit genes or their receptors, Robo.
H.264/Avc-Compatible Coding Of Dynamic Light Fields Using Transposed Picture Ordering (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Dimerization of thiol-specific antioxidant and the essential role of cysteine 47. (1994)

Thiol-specific antioxidant (TSA) from yeast contains cysteine residues at amino acid positions 47 and 170 but is not associated with obvious redox cofactors. These two cysteines are highly conserved in a family of proteins that exhibit sequence identity of 23-98% with TSA. The roles of Cys-47 and Cys-170 in yeast TSA were investigated by replacing them individually with serine and expressing the mutant TSA proteins (RC47S and RC170S, respectively), as well as wild-type TSA (RWT), in Escherichia coli. Wild-type TSA purified from yeast (YWT) and RWT were both shown to exist predominantly as dimers, whereas RC47S and RC170S existed mainly as monomers under a denaturing condition. This observation suggests that the dimerization of YWT and RWT requires disulfide linkage of Cys-47 and Cys-170. The presence of the Cys-47-Cys-170 linkage in YWT was directly shown by isolation of dimeric tryptic peptides, one monomer of which contained Cys-47 and the other contained Cys-170. A small percentage of YWT, RWT, RC47S, and RC170S molecules formed dimers linked by Cys-47-Cys-47 or Cys-170-Cys-170 disulfide bonds. The antioxidant activity of the various TSA proteins was evaluated from their ability to protect glutamine synthetase against the dithiothreitol/Fe3+/O2 oxidation system. YWT, RWT, and RC170S were equally protective, whereas RC47S was completely ineffective. Thus, Cys-47, but not Cys-170, constitutes the site of oxidation by putative substrate.
Synthesis and immunological properties of an artificial antigen with the repeating oligosaccharide unit of Salmonella illinois as haptenic group (1973)

Abstract The serological specificity of Salmonellae (O‐specificity) is mediated by oligosaccharide subunits (repeating units) of the species‐specific cell wall polysaccharides. With S. illinois (O‐specificities 3, 15 and 34 of the Kauffmann‐White scheme) as a representative example, it was possible to achieve the coupling of a complete repeating unit of that kind (in the case of S. illinois a tetrasaccharide) to protein, thus converting it into an artificial antigen. The repeating tetrasaccharide of the O‐specific S. illinois polysaccharide has been obtained by partial acid hydrolysis of the O‐specific S. illinois lipopolysaccharide and has the following structure with rhamnose as the reducing terminal sugar: magnified image In a reaction of this tetrasaccharide (TS ill ) with o‐phenylenediamine and m‐nitrophenylhydrazine and its subsequent reduction, TS ill ‐ ill l‐(3‐amino‐phenyl)‐flavazole was prepared, which was then coupled to edestin by means of the azo‐method. Antisera obtained after immunization of rabbits with the TS ill ‐ ill l‐(3‐azophenyl)‐flavazole‐edestin conjugate contained TS ill ‐specific antibodies, as shown by agglutination of S. illinois bacteria as test antigen (titers up to 1:2500). The specificity of these antibodies was tested in detail by cross‐agglutination with various bacterial strains. These antibodies are predominantly directed against the non‐reducing end group Glc magnified image Gal magnified image (Man) (O‐factor 34), and only to a slight extent against the internal groupings' Gal magnified image Man (O‐factor 15) and Man magnified image (Rha) (O‐factor 3). The serum antibodies did not show cross‐reactions with O‐factor 12 2 , which differs from O‐factor 34 in the configuration of the Gal magnified image Man‐linkage (12 2 :α‐glycosidic, 34:β‐glycosidic). Thus, by immunization of rabbits with a TS ill ‐ ill l‐(3‐azophenyl)‐flavazole edestin conjugate, a largely factor‐specific (anti‐34) antiserum was obtained.
CD4+ PD-1+ T cells accumulate as unique anergic cells in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid. (2003)

PD-1+ T cells in RA SF are enriched, and phenotypic analysis suggests that these cells constitute a unique anergic T cell subset in RA SF.
Molecular Cloning of the Thyrotropin Receptor (1989)

The pituitary hormone thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is the main physiological agent that regulates the thyroid gland. The thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) was cloned by selective amplification with the polymerase chain reaction of DNA segments presenting sequence similarity with genes for G protein-coupled receptors. Out of 11 new putative receptor clones obtained from genomic DNA, one had sequence characteristics different from all the others. Although this clone did not hybridize to thyroid transcripts, screening of a dog thyroid complementary DNA (cDNA) library at moderate stringency identified a cDNA encoding a 4.9-kilobase thyroid-specific transcript. The polypeptide encoded by this thyroid-specific transcript consisted of a 398-amino acid residue amino-terminal segment, constituting a putative extracellular domain, connected to a 346-residue carboxyl-terminal domain that contained seven putative transmembrane segments. Expression of the cDNA conferred TSH responsiveness to Xenopus oocytes and Y1 cells and a TSH binding phenotype to COS cells. The TSHR and the receptor for luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotropin constitute a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors with distinct sequence characteristics.
Developing a location based tourist guide application (2003)

This paper presents the development of the Tourist Guide, a location based tourist guide application for the outdoor environment. Our focus for this project is on software support for location based applications; we are not just interested in the location but also other elements of the user's context, such as buildings in view, attractions and equipment near by, such as public telephones and toilets. In this paper we will describe the Tourist Guide system and discuss the processes involved in the development of this application. More specifically, this paper will look at the design and usability issues.
Superoxide dismutase activity of Cu2+ —amino acid chelates (1972)

FEBS LettersVolume 25, Issue 1 p. 25-28 Full-length articleFree Access Superoxide dismutase activity of Cu2+ —amino acid chelates Karl-Eduard Joester, Karl-Eduard Joester Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen Germany Organish-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorGünther Jung, Günther Jung Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen Germany Organish-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorUlrich Weber, Ulrich Weber Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen Germany Organish-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorUlrich Weser, Corresponding Author Ulrich Weser Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen Germany Organish-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen, GermanyTo whom all correspondence should be addressed.Search for more papers by this author Karl-Eduard Joester, Karl-Eduard Joester Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen Germany Organish-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorGünther Jung, Günther Jung Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen Germany Organish-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorUlrich Weber, Ulrich Weber Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen Germany Organish-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorUlrich Weser, Corresponding Author Ulrich Weser Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen Germany Organish-Chemisches Institut der Universität, 74 Tübingen, GermanyTo whom all correspondence should be addressed.Search for more papers by this author First published: September 01, 1972 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(72)80445-9Citations: 71AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume25, Issue1September 01, 1972Pages 25-28 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Antibodies to the conserved cytoplasmic domain of the integrin beta 1 subunit react with proteins in vertebrates, invertebrates, and fungi. (1988)

The integrin family of cell surface receptors can be divided into three groups on the basis of their homologous beta subunits: beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3. We have raised an antibody against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the COOH-terminal domain of the chicken integrin beta 1 subunit that reacts with beta subunits from a variety of vertebrates, invertebrates, and fungi, demonstrating strong evolutionary conservation of sequences in this domain. In Drosophila cells, the antibody recognizes integrin alpha beta complexes that appear to be identical with position-specific antigens. Cross-reactive proteins are also detected in Caenorhabditis elegans and Candida albicans. The antiserum is specific for beta 1 subunits and does not recognize other integrin beta subunits in humans. In immunofluorescence analyses of cultured cells, the antibody reacts only with permeabilized cells confirming that this highly conserved COOH-terminal segment is a cytoplasmic domain.
Bioavailability of terfenadine in man (1981)

Fourteen normal male subjects were given either 60mg or 180mg of terfenadine suspension in a randomized two-way crossover study. Peak plasma concentrations of 1.544 +/- 0.726 (mean +/- S.D.) ng ml-1 were obtained in 0.786 h following the 60 mg dose and displayed an AUC or 11.864 +/- 3.369 ng h ml-1. Whereas peak plasma concentrations of 4.519 +/- 2.002 ng ml-1 in 1.071 +/- 0.514 h were obtained following the 180 mg dose. The AUC following the 180 mg dose was 44.341 +/- 22.041 ng h ml-1. When 60 mg of 14C terfenadine was given to six additional subjects, the peak plasma concentrations of 351 +/- 43 ng equivalents per ml were obtained in 1.67 +/- 0.41 h and the AUC was 2297.71 +/- 310.85 ng-equivalents h ml-1. This indicates that approximately 99.5 per cent of the terfenadine related material that is absorbed undergoes biotransformation. Urinary excretion of 14C accounted for 39.89 +/- 5.29 per cent of the dose while 60.58 +/- 2.44 per cent of the dose was recovered in the feces in twelve days. Thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) examination of fecal extracts showed only a trace of material chromatographing with terfenadine. This may indicate that the 14C present in the feces is not due to lack of absorption.
The role of T cells in rheumatoid arthritis: new subsets and new targets (2007)

A renewed interest in T cells comes from the discovery of Th17 in rheumatoid arthritis and from novel findings on the role of T cells in rheumatoid arthritis induction, chronicity and relapse.
Nitrogen-15 NMR spectroscopy of the catalytic-triad histidine of a serine protease in peptide boronic acid inhibitor complexes (1988)

15N NMR spectroscopy was used to examine the active-site histidyl residue of alpha-lytic protease in peptide boronic acid inhibitor complexes. Two distinct types of complexes were observed: (1) Boronic acids that are analogues of substrates form complexes in which the active-site imidazole ring is protonated and both imidazole N-H protons are strongly hydrogen bonded. With the better inhibitors of the class this arrangement is stable over the pH range 4.0-10.5. The results are consistent with a putative tetrahedral intermediate like complex involving a negatively charged, tetrahedral boron atom covalently bonded to O gamma of the active-site serine. (2) Boronic acids that are not substrate analogues form complexes in which N epsilon 2 of the active-site histidine is covalently bonded to the boron atom of the inhibitor. The proton bound to N delta 1 of the histidine in these histidine-boronate adducts remains strongly hydrogen bonded, presumably to the active-site aspartate. Benzeneboronic acid, which falls in this category, forms an adduct with histidine. In both types of complexes the N-H protons of His-57 exchange unusually slowly as evidenced by the room temperature visibility of the low-field 1H resonances and the 15N-H spin couplings. These results, coupled with the kinetic data of the preceding paper [Kettner, C. A., Bone, R., Agard, D. A., & Bachovchin, W. W. (1988) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)], indicate that occupancy of the specificity subsites may be required to fully form the transition-state binding site. The significance of these findings for understanding inhibitor binding and the catalytic mechanism of serine proteases is discussed.
Capping and methylation of mRNA by purified recombinant VP4 protein of bluetongue virus (1998)

The core of bluetongue virus (BTV) is a multienzyme complex composed of two major proteins (VP7 and VP3) and three minor proteins (VP1, VP4, and VP6) in addition to the viral genome. The core is transcriptionally active and produces capped mRNA from which all BTV proteins are translated, but the relative role of each core component in the overall reaction process remains unclear. Previously we showed that the 76-kDa VP4 protein possesses guanylyltransferase activity, a necessary part of the RNA capping reaction. Here, through the use of highly purified (>95%) VP4 and synthetic core-like particles containing VP4, we have investigated the extent to which this protein is also responsible for other activities associated with cap formation. We show that VP4 catalyzes the conversion of unmethylated GpppG or in vitro-produced uncapped BTV RNA transcripts to m7GpppGm in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Analysis of the methylated products of the reaction by HPLC identified both methyltransferase type 1 and type 2 activities associated with VP4, demonstrating that the complete BTV capping reaction is associated with this one protein.
Polylactide. II. Viscosity–molecular weight relationships and unperturbed chain dimensions (1979)

Abstract Mark–Houwink equations for benzene and chloroform solutions of S‐polylactide and racemic polylactide were established by end‐group analysis of partly hydrolyzed polymers. Unperturbed chain dimensions calculated for both polymers reveal a considerable difference and suggest a helical conformation for S‐polylactide in solution. This finding supports 1 H‐NMR observations that reveal chemical shift differences that appear when the same configurational sequence is present in two stable conformational states.
Effects of cyclosporine and antibody adsorption on pig cardiac xenograft survival in the baboon. (1988)

The problem of donor heart supply would be solved if hearts could be transplanted from readily available animals such as the pig or sheep. We have investigated heterotopic heart transplantation (in the neck) with the pig as donor and baboon as recipient. Five experimental groups were studied. Control hearts (group 1, n = 4) were rejected within 4 minutes to 8 hours. Splenectomy done before transplantation (group 2, n = 3) did not extend survival significantly (30 minutes to 8 hours). Donor heart survival in baboons receiving immunosuppressive therapy of cyclosporine and methylprednisolone (group 3, n = 5) was from 15 to 75 minutes only in four animals and for 5 days in one animal. Anti-pig antibody adsorption from baboon blood by pretransplant donor-specific kidney hemoperfusion (group 4, n = 7) resulted in cardiac function for 6 to 12 hours in three cases and from 4 to 5 days in four cases (p less than 0.02). A combination of pretransplant antibody adsorption and immunosuppression (group 5, n = 4) resulted in graft survival of 8 to 20 hours in three cases and of 4 days in one case (p less than 0.03). Histopathologic features of vascular (hyperacute) rejection were seen in all hearts except one (the 5-day survivor in group 3). Pretransplant adsorption of antibody clearly prolonged survival of discordant cardiac xenografts in some cases. Further exploration of this technique appears justified.
Brain Specific Human Genes, NELL1 and NELL2, Are Predominantly Expressed in Neuroblastoma and Other Embryonal Neuroepithelial Tumors (2001)

NELL1 and NELL2 encode cysteine-rich amino acid sequences including six epidermal growth factor-like motifs, which contain signal peptides at the N-terminals. The deduced amino acid sequences of both genes are 55% identical and their cysteine stretch structures are conserved. NELL1 is expressed in the brain and kidney, whereas NELL2 is expressed specifically in the brain. The cell lineage expressing NELLs in the nervous system was investigated in established cell lines and central nervous system tumor tissues obtained from patients by Northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses. NELL1 and NELL2 were predominantly expressed in neuroblastoma cell lines and little expressed in glioblastoma cell lines. NELL1 and NELL2 were also expressed in central neurocytoma, medulloblastoma, and some astrocytic tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that NELL2 protein was localized in the cytoplasm of neurons. These results suggest that NELL2 is predominantly expressed in the neuronal cell lineage in the human nervous system. NELL1 is expressed mainly in tumors in the neuronal cell lineage.
An Interactive-Voting Based Map Matching Algorithm (2010)

Matching a raw GPS trajectory to roads on a digital map is often referred to as the Map Matching problem. However, the occurrence of the low-sampling-rate trajectories (e.g. one point per 2 minutes) has brought lots of challenges to existing map matching algorithms. To address this problem, we propose an Interactive Voting-based Map Matching (IVMM) algorithm based on the following three insights: 1) The position context of a GPS point as well as the topological information of road networks, 2) the mutual influence between GPS points (i.e., the matching result of a point references the positions of its neighbors; in turn, when matching its neighbors, the position of this point will also be referenced), and 3) the strength of the mutual influence weighted by the distance between GPS points (i.e., the farther distance is the weaker influence exists). In this approach, we do not only consider the spatial and temporal information of a GPS trajectory but also devise a voting-based strategy to model the weighted mutual influences between GPS points. We evaluate our IVMM algorithm based on a user labeled real trajectory dataset. As a result, the IVMM algorithm outperforms the related method (ST-Matching algorithm).
Role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the origin of Type 2 diabetes – a paradigm shift (2004)

In Type 2 diabetes the body either produces too little insulin, or does not respond well to it. Current pharmacological treatments, which are less than optimal, either target defective insulin secretion (sulfonylureas, glinides) or insulin resistance (metformin, thiazolidinediones). Exciting new research is now helping us to understand novel pathways that may contribute to defective insulin secretion as well as decreased response to insulin. Such pathways may explain the development of diabetes and associated complications (atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy). Understanding the way a cell metabolises glucose may be the key to understanding how cells secrete insulin and respond to it.
Neuromuscular block (2006)

Descriptions of the South American arrow poisons known as curares were reported by explorers in the 16th century, and their site of action in producing neuromuscular block was determined by Claude Bernard in the mid-19th century. Tubocurarine, the most important curare alkaloid, played a large part in experiments to determine the role of acetylcholine in neuromuscular transmission, but it was not until after 1943 that neuromuscular blocking drugs became established as muscle relaxants for use during surgical anaesthesia. Tubocurarine causes a number of unwanted effects, and there have been many attempts to replace it. The available drugs fall into two main categories: the depolarising blocking drugs and the nondepolarising blocking drugs. The former act by complex mixed actions and are now obsolete with the exception of suxamethonium, the rapid onset and brief duration of action of which remain useful for intubation at the start of surgical anaesthesia. The nondepolarising blocking drugs are reversible acetylcholine receptor antagonists. The main ones are the atracurium group, which possess a built-in self-destruct mechanism that makes them specially useful in kidney or liver failure, and the vecuronium group, which are specially free from unwanted side effects. Of this latter group, the compound rocuronium is of special interest because its rapid onset of action allows it to be used for intubation, and there is promise that its duration of action may be rapidly terminated by a novel antagonist, a particular cyclodextrin, that chelates the drug, thereby removing it from the acetylcholine receptors.