gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AML associated with previous cytotoxic therapy, MDS or myeloproliferative disorders: results from the MRC's 9th AML trial (1989)

The outcome of treatment with standard first line therapy of 66 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) secondary to preceding chemotherapy (Group 1), a myelodysplastic state (Group 2) or a myeloproliferative disorder (Group 3) was analysed in relation to the preceding disorder, the cytogenetic pattern where available, and the cytology and cytochemistry of blood and bone marrow. The complete remission (CR) rate for the secondary AMLs was 36% (24/66), with 24% (16/66) dying in the induction period and 39% (26/66) having resistant disease. The CR rate was 25% (5/20) for Group 1, 42% (15/36) for Group 2, and 40% (4/10) for Group 3. Even after allowance for the generally older age of the secondary AML patients, they still had a significantly poorer CR rate than the de novo AMLs (P = 0.0004). The lower CR rate was chiefly due to resistant disease. Despite this, overall survival was not significantly worse for the secondary AML patients (P = 0.15). For the 36% that achieved remission, remission duration appeared similar to that of de novo cases. Of 62 cases with adequate cytology, 38 (61%) had evidence of erythroid and/or megakaryocytic dysplasia with a CR rate of 32% (12/38). The CR rate of these multineage leukaemias was not significantly different from that of the 24 (39%) who showed granulocyte/monocyte precursor involvement only, 42% (10) of whom achieved CR. The presence of features of differentiation within blast cells such as Auer rods or sudanophilia (greater than 50% positive blasts) was associated with a higher remission rate 47% (18/38) than that of poorly differentiated cases 17% (3/18) (P = 0.04) and thus appeared to be a more important determinant of CR achievement than was lineage involvement. Cases with a normal karyotype had a 33% (7/21) CR rate, while those with chromosomal abnormalities had a 37% (9/24) CR rate. Only 12 of the 45 cases with adequate cytogenetic analysis showed deletions or monosomies involving chromosomes 5 or 7, and seven of these were in Group 1.
Antitumor effectiveness of different amounts of electrical charge in Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors (2004)

The data presented indicate that electrotherapy with low-level DEC is feasible and effective in the treatment of the Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors. Our results demonstrate that the sensitivity of these tumors to direct electric current and survival rates of the mice depended on both the amount of electrical charge and the type of tumor. Also the complete regression of each type of tumor is obtained for a threshold amount of electrical charge.
Comparative in-vitro activity of vancomycin, teicoplanin, ramoplanin (formerly A16686), paldimycin, DuP 721 and DuP 105 against methicillin and gentamicin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1989)

The in-vitro activities of five anti-staphylococcal agents, teicoplanin, ramoplanin, paldimycin, DuP 721 and DuP 105 have been compared to vancomycin. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) have been determined for a collection of methicillin and gentamicin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MGRSA), comprising 75 strains obtained from 22 centres. In terms of geometric mean MICs (inoculum size 10(5) cfu) paldimycin was the most active agent (0.4 mg/l) followed by ramoplanin (0.75 mg/l), teicoplanin (1.0 mg/l), DuP 721 and vancomycin (2.0 mg/l) and DuP 105 (6.8 mg/l). Ramoplanin was bactericidal within six hours to all strains at a concentration of 1.0 mg/l. The MBC90s for vancomycin and teicoplanin were greater than 32 mg/l after 22 h exposure to antibiotic and 2.5 and 4.0 mg/l respectively after 26 h exposure. Paldimycin was bactericidal against only some strains, while DuP 721 and DuP 105 were not bactericidal. Ramoplanin is the most interesting of the new antibiotics, on account of its rapid and consistent bactericidal activity.
A New, Methane Adsorbent, Porous Coordination Polymer [{CuSiF6(4,4′-bipyridine)2}n] (2000)

An astonishing amount of methane is reversibly adsorbed in pores of [{CuSiF6(4,4′-bipyridine)2}n], which exists as a stable 3D microporous network (see picture). The approximate channel sizes of this material is 8×8 Å2 along its c axis and 6×2 Å2 along the a and b axes. At 36 atm, the density of methane adsorbed in micropore volume is 0.21 g mL−1, which is superior to that of any reported zeolites.
Fluorinated pyrimidine nucleosides. 2. Reaction of 2,2'-anhydro-1-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-fluorocytosine hydrochloride with nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorinated pyrimidine nucleosides. 2. Reaction of 2,2'-anhydro-1-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-fluorocytosine hydrochloride with nitrogen and sulfur nucleophilesAlan F. Cook and Michael J. HolmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 21, 4200–4206Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00415a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00415a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coordination of Intratumoral Immune Reaction and Human Colorectal Cancer Recurrence (2009)

A role for the immune system in controlling the progression of solid tumors has been established in several mouse models. However, the effect of immune responses and tumor escape on patient prognosis in the context of human cancer is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the cellular and molecular parameters that could describe in situ immune responses in human colorectal cancer according to clinical parameters of metastatic lymph node or distant organ invasion (META- or META+ patients). Primary tumor samples of colorectal carcinoma were analyzed by integrating large-scale phenotypic (flow cytometry, 39 patients) and gene expression (real time reverse transcription-PCR, 103 patients) data sets related to immune and protumoral processes. In META- colorectal cancer primary tumors with high densities of T cells, we observed significant positive correlations between markers of innate immune cells [tumor-associated macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and NKT cells] and markers of early-activated T cells. Significant correlations were also observed between markers of cytotoxic and effector memory T-cell subpopulations. These correlation profiles were absent in tumors with low T-cell infiltrates and were altered in META+ tumors with high T-cell infiltrates. We show that the coexpression of genes mediating cytotoxicity (GNLY) and Th1 adaptive immune responses (IRF1) accurately predicted patient survival independently of the metastatic status. High intratumoral mRNA expression of the proangiogenic mediator vascular endothelial growth factor was associated with significantly reduced survival rates in patients expressing high mRNA levels of GNLY. Investigation of the colorectal cancer primary tumor microenvironment allowed us to uncover the association of favorable outcomes with efficient coordination of the intratumoral immune response.
Perceptual transform coding of wideband stereo signals (2003)

The author reports on the extension of the entropy-coded perceptual transform coder (ECPTC) to stereo signals. The stereo ECPTC exploits both the redundancy in the stereo signal and the effects of acoustic mixing in the listening environment in order to encode the stereo signal at a bit rate much less than twice that for a monophonic signal. This coder uses the perceptual threshold developed by the author (IEEE J. Selected Areas in Commun. vol.6, no.2, p.314-23, Feb. 1988) along with a noiseless compression scheme to provide a bit-rate reduction of approximately one third compared to that for two independent monophonic channels. Typical rates available from the coder are 64 kb/s for a 6.6-kHz bandwidth, 14-kHz sampling rate transparent monophonic channel, 128 kb/s for a 15-kHz bandwidth, 32-kHz sampling rate stereo channel with FM or better quality, and 192 kb/s for a 20-kHz bandwidth, 44.1-kHz sampling rate stereo channel with perceived quality equal to that of the original signal. The 64-kb/s, 128-kb/s, and 192-kb/s rates correspond to ISDN (integrated services digital network) 1B, 2B, and 3B rates respectively, suggesting applications within the ISDN framework.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DNA minor groove binding agents interfere with topoisomerase II mediated lesions induced by epipodophyllotoxin derivative VM-26 and acridine derivative m-AMSA in nuclei from L1210 cells (1989)

This study demonstrated that agents capable of interacting with the minor groove in nuclear DNA interfere with topoisomerase II mediated effects of antitumor drugs such as VM-26 and m-AMSA. Distamycin, Hoechst 33258, and DAPI were used as agents capable of AT-specific binding in the minor groove of DNA while producing no profound long-range distortion of DNA structure. In intact nuclei from L1210 cells, these minor groove binders inhibited the induction of topoisomerase II mediated DNA damage (DNA-protein cross-links and DNA double-strand breaks) by VM-26 and m-AMSA. The inhibitory effects of distamycin reflected prevention of formation of new lesions but not reversal of preexisting damage. The minor groove binders did not differentiate between lesions induced by an intercalator, m-AMSA, or by a DNA-nonbinding drug, VM-26. All three groove binders inhibited DNA breaks more strongly than DNA-protein cross-links. The inhibitory potency correlated with the size of minor groove binders and the size of their DNA-binding sites: distamycin (5 bp) greater than Hoechst 33258 (4 bp) greater than DAPI (3 bp). The results showed that DNA minor groove binders are a new type of modulators of the action of topoisomerase II targeted drugs.
Prediction of relative permeability in simple porous media (1992)

We present a predictive calculation of two-phase relative permeabilities in granular porous media formed from a dense random packing of equal spheres. The spatial coordinates of every sphere in the pack have been measured, enabling the microstructure of the medium to be completely determined. From these data we extract a network model that replicates the pore space. By compacting the packing or swelling individual spheres, we may generate model porous media of different porosities whose microstructure is also completely determined. We simulate both viscous- and capillary-dominated invasion of a nonwetting fluid into a wetting fluid contained in these media. During invasion we calculate the average hydraulic conductance of each phase to obtain the relative permeabilities as a function of fluid saturation. Because the microstructure is known, the calculations do not involve any adjustable parameters or supplementary measurements of pore structure. The computed relative permeabilities are successfully compared with experimental values previously measured on sand packs, bead packs, and a simple sandstone.
Estimation of growth fraction with bromodeoxyuridine in human central nervous system tumors (1986)

Twenty-five patients with tumors of the central nervous system received bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), 200 mg/sq m, by intravenous infusion every 8 hours for 3 days before surgery. Excised tumor specimens were fixed in chilled 70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 6-micron sections. Each section was reacted with monoclonal antibodies against BUdR and stained with immunoperoxidase to identify nuclei that had incorporated BUdR. The growth fraction of each tumor was estimated by calculating the ratio of BUdR-positive nuclei to the total number of tumor cells in three to six microscopic fields in viable areas of the tumor. In seven cases, the tumor doubling time was measured from the serial computerized tomography scans and an attempt was made to estimate the cell cycle time. The growth fractions ranged from 9.1% to 46.5% in malignant gliomas, 2.0% to 6.7% in low-grade gliomas, 11.2% to 43.2% in metastatic brain tumors, 0.8% to 1.9% in pituitary adenomas, 3.9% to 4.6% in acoustic neurinomas, and 6.2% to 8.2% in meningiomas and cerebellar hemangioblastomas. The estimated cell cycle time was 5 to 12 days in most malignant gliomas and brain metastases; however, the actual cell cycle time should be substantially shorter because cell loss was not considered in the calculation. Although the growth fraction appeared to correlate with the biological malignancy of each tumor, the tumor doubling time did not reflect growth potential. It is possible that unpredictable cell loss plays an important role in tumor growth at certain sizes. Therefore, the cell cycle times calculated in this study are considerably overestimated and should be interpreted with caution.
Plasma Endothelin in Human Essential Hypertension (1991)

Plasma endothelin immunoreactivity was measured in normal controls, in mild essential hypertensive patients with no antihypertensive treatment, in moderate to severe hypertensives whose blood pressure was controlled by treatment, and in moderate to severe hypertensives whose blood pressure was not controlled by treatment. Endothelin immunoreactivity levels in plasma in the four groups were similar, but had a positive correlation with blood pressure in hypertensives although not in normotensives. The concentration in plasma of both C-terminal and N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide also had a positive correlation with blood pressure in these hypertensive patients. We conclude that if plasma immunoreactive endothelin levels represent the result of endothelial production of endothelin, in absence of changes in catabolism of the peptide, essential hypertensive patients do not appear to have increased production of endothelin.
Overview of fabrication methods and fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of micro channels (1995)

An overview of the literature relating to micro channels is presented in terms of current fabrication methods and fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. The primary methods for the fabrication of micro channels, including precision cutting and micro machining techniques, are reviewed. Available experimental and numerical results indicate that the thermal hydraulic performance of micron-sized channels is quite different from macro channels. The present survey attempts to explain these findings in terms of such effects as surface roughness, rarefaction and compressibility.
Real-time Portfolio Management and Automatic Extensions: MS Thesis (1991)

This thesis has been motivated by the problem of real-time portfolio management. The primary work is the creation of a real-time portfolio management application — SPLENDORS [Patel 91]. It allows the monitoring of the changing market conditions using appropriate criteria according to the condition being monitored (for example, the prices of a volatile security can be monitored more frequently than that of a stable security) as well as the investment philosophy of the portfolio owner (for example, the same security might be monitored more often for a trader and less often for a long-term stable investor). SPLENDORS allows the end user to add program components from a pre-defined library of reusable generic components without programming to the running system without having to bring it down. This makes it possible to extend the system as appropriate by non-programmers, on the fly, to represent additional securities purchased or to represent portfolios created for new customers by non-programmers. This is done using interpretive constructs. When SPLENDORS is brought down (typically at the end of the trading day), it converts the additional program components to a form that can be compiled. This means that a fully compiled instance of the system can be created for the next trading day. Thus, SPLENDORS has application generator like features that allows non programmers to extend the SPLENDORS system without programming. However, unlike the usual application generator, the SPLENDORS application generation is extensible. It is possible for the PROFIT and C programmers to create new program components and integrate them with SPLENDORS and making these additions available to non programmers.
Aminoacyl derivatives of nucleosides, nucleotides, polynucleotides. 46. General synthesis of 2'(3')-O-aminoacyl oligoribonucleotides. The protection of the guanine moiety (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAminoacyl derivatives of nucleosides, nucleotides, polynucleotides. 46. General synthesis of 2'(3')-O-aminoacyl oligoribonucleotides. The protection of the guanine moietyMichael D. Hagen and Stanislav ChladekCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 13, 3189–3195Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00274a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00274a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views448Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Connexin43 gap junction protein plays an essential role in morphogenesis of the embryonic chick face (2001)

Normal outgrowth and fusion of facial primordia during vertebrate development require interaction of diverse tissues and co-ordination of many different signalling pathways. Gap junction channels, made up of subunits consisting of connexin proteins, facilitate communication between cells and are implicated in embryonic development. Here we describe the distribution of connexin43 and connexin32 gap junction proteins in the developing chick face. To test the function of connexin43 protein, we applied antisense oligodeoxynucleotides that specifically reduced levels of connexin43 protein in cells of early chick facial primordia. This resulted in stunting of primordia outgrowth and led to facial defects. Furthermore, cell proliferation in regions of facial primordia that normally express high levels of connexin43 protein was reduced and this was associated with lower levels of Msx-1 expression. Facial defects arise when retinoic acid is applied to the face of chick embryos at later stages. This treatment also resulted in significant reduction in connexin43 protein, while connexin32 protein expression was unaffected. Taken together, these results indicate that connexin43 plays an essential role during early morphogenesis and subsequent outgrowth of the developing chick face.
Binding specificities and affinities of egf domains for ErbB receptors (1999)

ErbB receptor activation is a complex process and is dependent upon the type and number of receptors expressed on a given cell. Previous studies with defined combinations of ErbB receptors expressed in mammalian cells have helped elucidate specific biological responses for many of the recognized gene products that serve as ligands for these receptors. However, no study has examined the binding of these ligands in a defined experimental system. To address this issue, the relative binding affinities of the egf domains of eleven ErbB ligands were measured on six ErbB receptor combinations using a soluble receptor-ligand binding format. The ErbB2/4 heterodimer was shown to bind all ligands tested with moderate to very high affinity. In contrast, ErbB3 showed much more restrictive ligand binding specificity and measurable binding was observed only with heregulin, neuregulin2beta, epiregulin and the synthetic heregulin/egf chimera, biregulin. These studies also revealed that ErbB2 preferentially enhances ligand binding to ErbB3 or ErbB4 and to a lesser degree to ErbB1.
Running Microsoft Office 2000 (1997)

From the Publisher:
It's packed with everything from quick, clear instructions for new users to comprehensive answers for power users. And it's complete in one volume. In short, Running Microsoft Office 97 is the authoritative handbook you'll keep by your computer and use every day. Learn to use each of the Office applications - Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, and Outlook. Work easier, faster, and better using the power of integration - share data among applications, organize documents with the Binder, and much more. Discover how to share your work and schedules via Microsoft Outlook, now part of the newest edition of Microsoft Office. Use Microsoft Office to view documents on the Internet and publish your own Internet documents. Chapters at a Glance for quick reference, comprehensive table of contents, extensive cross-referenced index, Quick Reference tear-out card, step-by-step instructions, hundreds of screen illustrations, real-world examples, and tips and advice from the experts. Find information fast with a searchable version of the book on disc. Get answers on line by using Microsoft Internet Explorer to search Microsoft's huge KnowledgeBase. Get to work quickly with ready-made sample files.
Molecular model of the specificity pocket of the hepatitis C virus protease: implications for substrate recognition. (1994)

We have built a model of the specificity pocket of the protease of hepatitis C virus on the basis of the known structures of trypsin-like serine proteases and of the conservation pattern of the protease sequences among various hepatitis C strains. The model allowed us to predict that the substrate of this protease should have a cysteine residue in position P1. This hypothesis was subsequently proved by N-terminal sequencing of two products of the protease. The success of this "blind" test increases our confidence in the overall correctness of our proposed alignment of the enzyme sequence with those of other proteases of known structure and constitutes a first step in the construction of a complete model of the viral protease domain.