gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning, bacterial expression and properties of Rab31and Rab32 (2002)

GTP-binding proteins of the Rab family were cloned from human platelets using RT-PCR. Clones corresponding to two novel Rab proteins, Rab31 and Rab32, and to Rab11A, which had not been detected in platelets previously, were isolated. The coding sequence of Rab31 (GenBank accession no. U59877) corresponded to a 194 amino-acid protein of 21.6 kDa. The Rab32 sequence was extended to 1000 nucleotides including 630 nucleotides of coding sequence (GenBank accession no. U59878) but the 5' coding sequence was only completed later by others (GenBank accession no. U71127). Human Rab32 cDNA encodes a 225 amino-acid protein of 25.0 kDa with the unusual GTP-binding sequence DIAGQE in place of DTAGQE. Northern blots for Rab31 and Rab32 identified 4.4 kb and 1.35 kb mRNA species, respectively, in some human tissues and in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. Rabbit polyclonal anti-peptide antibodies to Rab31, Rab32 and Rab11A detected platelet proteins of 22 kDa, 28 kDa and 26 kDa, respectively. Human platelets were highly enriched in Rab11A (0.85 microg x mg of platelet protein(-1)) and contained substantial amounts of Rab32 (0.11 microg x mg protein(-1)). Little Rab31 was present (0.005 microg x mg protein(-1)). All three Rab proteins were found in both granule and membrane fractions from platelets. In rat platelets, the 28-kDa Rab32 was replaced by a 52-kDa immunoreactive protein. Rab31 and Rab32, expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusion proteins, did not bind [alpha-(32)P]GTP on nitrocellulose blots but did bind [(35)S]GTP[S] in a Mg(2+)-dependent manner. Binding of [(35)S]GTP[S] was optimal with 5 microm Mg(2+)(free) and was markedly inhibited by higher Mg(2+) concentrations in the case of GST-Rab31 but not GST-Rab32. Both proteins displayed low steady-state GTPase activities, which were not inhibited by mutations (Rab31(Q64L) and Rab32(Q85L)) that abolish the GTPase activities of most low-M(r) GTP-binding proteins.
A Fluorometric Method of Measuring Carboxypeptidase Activities for Angiotensin II and Apelin-13 (2017)

Degradation of the biologically potent octapeptide angiotensin Ang II-(1-8) is mediated by the activities of several peptidases. The conversion of Ang II to the septapeptide Ang-(1-7) is of particular interest as the latter also confers organ protection. The conversion is catalyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and other enzymes that selectively cleave the peptide bond between the proline and the phenylalanine at the carboxyl terminus of Ang II. The contribution of various enzyme activities that collectively lead to the formation of Ang-(1-7) from Ang II, in both normal conditions and in disease states, remains only partially understood. This is largely due to the lack of a reliable and sensitive method to detect these converting activities in complex samples, such as blood and tissues. Here, we report a fluorometric method to measure carboxypeptidase activities that cleave the proline-phenylalanine dipeptide bond in Ang II. This method is also suitable for measuring the conversion of apelin-13. The assay detects the release of phenylalanine amino acid in a reaction with the yeast enzyme of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). When used in cell and mouse organs, the assay can robustly measure endogenous Ang II and apelin-13-converting activities involved in the renin-angiotensin and the apelinergic systems, respectively.
Designing Calibrations in a Quality Environment (1994)

The client focus of the quality philosophy is forcing calibration laboratories to tighten the meaning of both calibration and traceability. In this paper we present a standards laboratory's view of the impact of this client focus on the providers and users of calibration services. In particular, we identify and discuss the attributes required of a calibration by considering the needs of the calibration user. One key attribute, the assurance of reliability, raises some very testing questions not only for instrument users and calibrators but also the designers and manufacturers of instruments.
SRp30c-dependent stimulation of survival motor neuron (SMN) exon 7 inclusion is facilitated by a direct interaction with hTra2beta1 (2002)

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by the homozygous loss of survival motor neuron (SMN1). SMN2, a nearly identical copy gene, is present in all SMA patients; however this gene cannot provide protection from disease due to the aberrant splicing of a critical exon. SMN1-derived transcripts are exclusively full-length, whereas SMN2-derived transcripts predominantly lack SMN exon 7. A single non-polymorphic nucleotide difference (C in SMN1; T in SMN2) is responsible for the alternative splicing patterns. We have previously shown that transient expression of an SR-like splicing factor, hTra2 beta 1, stimulates inclusion of exon 7 in SMN2-derived mini-gene transcripts through an interaction with the AG-rich exonic splice enhancer within exon 7. We now demonstrate that a second splicing factor, SRp30c, can stimulate SMN exon 7-inclusion and that this activity required the same AG-rich enhancer as hTra2 beta 1. SRp30c did not directly associate with SMN exon 7; rather its association with the exonic enhancer was mediated by a direct interaction with hTra2 beta 1. In the absence of the hTra2 beta 1 binding site, SRp30c failed to complex with SMN exon 7. Taken together, these results identify SRp30c as a modulator of SMN exon 7-inclusion and provide insight into the molecular regulation of this critical exon.
Long‐lasting plasma membrane permeabilization in mammalian cells by nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) (2007)

The barrier function of plasma membrane in nsPEF-exposed mammalian cells was examined using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. A specialized setup for nsPEF exposure of individual cells in culture was developed and characterized for artifact-free compatibility with the patch-clamp method. For the first time, our study provides experimental evidence that even a single 60-ns pulse at 12 kV/cm can cause a profound and long-lasting (minutes) reduction of the cell membrane resistance (R(m)), accompanied by the loss of the membrane potential. R(m) measured in GH3, PC-12, and Jurkat cells (but not in HeLa cells) in 80-120 s after nsPEF exposure was decreased about threefold, and its gradual recovery could take 15 min. Multiple pulses enhanced permeabilization, for example, R(m) in GH3 cells fell about 10-fold after a train of five pulses. Within studied limits, permeabilization did not depend on the presence of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), K(+), Cs(+), Cd(2+), EGTA, tetraethylammonium, or 4-aminopyridine in the pipette or bath solutions. Our results supported theoretical model predictions of plasma membrane poration by nsPEF. However, the extended decrease in R(m), assumed to be related to the life span of the pores, and different nsPEF sensitivity of individual cell lines have yet to be explained. The phenomenon of long-lived membrane permeabilization provides new insights on the nature of nsPEF-opened conductance pores and on molecular mechanisms that underlie nsPEF bioeffects.
Correlation between fractional free volume and diffusivity of gas molecules in glassy polymers (1999)

Despite its oversimplifications, the free-volume approach has proven to provide very useful correlative and even semipredictive capabilities. This article is concerned with the correlation between the diffusivity, D, of gas molecules in glassy polymers and the fractional free volume, FFV, determined by the Bondi method. The diffusivities were taken from a database, generated by the authors in connection with work on the new Landolt Börnstein series “Diffusion in Non-Metallic Solids”, which encompasses a very large variety of glassy polymers. For a given diffusant log D is a linear function of 1/FFV as predicted by the free volume theory. However, the deviations from this relationship are significant and strongly correlated between O2, N2, CO2, and CH4. The systematic deviations are opposite to the predicted effect of the polymer jumping unit size in the free-volume concept of Vrentas and Duda and are interpreted in terms of an increase in the activation energy with increasing chain stiffness. Correlation analysis further suggests that the diffusion mechanisms of H2 and particularly of He differ markedly from that of larger gas molecules. Furthermore the influence of the cohesive energy and the glass-transition temperature of the polymers is investigated. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 3344–3358, 1999
Osteogenesis imperfecta. Rehabilitation and prospects for gene therapy (1997)

SELECTED CASE A 6-year-old girl with type IV osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) was seen initially at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the age of 3 months. She was the product of an uncomplicated term pregnancy delivered by cesarean section. She weighed 2.4 kg at birth and was noted to have a soft skull. At 3 months of age she was noted to have a swollen right thigh, diagnosed as a femur fracture, and was treated with a hip spica cast for 6 weeks. When the radiograph was taken, an old healed left femur fracture was also seen. The diagnosis of OI was made at that time. On physical examination at the age of 3 months, she could lie prone, support her head, and lift all limbs against gravity. Her knee and ankle joints were lax, and her left femur was bowed 45°. Treatment was to encourage physical activity through
Independent verification of the saturation hydrogen uptake in MOF-177 and establishment of a benchmark for hydrogen adsorption in metal–organic frameworks (2007)

Hydrogen isotherms for MOF-177, Zn4O(1,3,5-benzenetribenzoate)2, crystals were independently measured by volumetric and gravimetric methods at 77 K to confirm its hydrogen uptake capacity and to establish the importance of calibrating gas adsorption instrumentation prior to evaluating H2 storage capacities. Reproducibility of hydrogen adsorption experiments is important because non-systematic errors in measurements can easily occur leading to erroneous reports of capacities. The surface excess weight percentage of hydrogen uptake in MOF-177 samples is 7.5 wt% at 70 bar, which corresponds to an absolute adsorbed amount of 11 wt%. These values are in agreement with our previous report and with those found independently by Southwest Research Institute. Considering its well-known structure and its significant H2 uptake properties, we believe MOF-177 is an excellent material to serve as a benchmark adsorber.
Immunological Self, Nonself Discrimination (1987)

The ability of immunodominant peptides derived from several antigen systems to compete with each other for T cell activation was studied. Only peptides restricted by a given transplantation antigen are mutually competitive. There is a correlation between haplotype restriction, ability to bind to the appropriate transplantation antigen, and ability to inhibit activation of other T cells restricted by the same transplantation antigen. An exception was noted in that a peptide derived from an antigen, bacteriophage lambda cI repressor, binds to the I-Ed molecule in a specific way, yet is not I-Ed-restricted. Comparison of the sequence of the repressor peptide with that of other peptides able to bind to (and be restricted by) I-Ed and a polymorphic region of the I-Ed molecule itself revealed a significant degree of homology. Thus, peptides restricted by a given class II molecule appear to be homologous to a portion of the class II molecule itself. The repressor-derived peptide is identical at several polymorphic residues at this site, and this may account for the failure of I-Ed to act as a restriction element. Comparison of antigenic peptide sequences with transplantation antigen sequences suggests a model that provides a basis for explaining self, nonself discrimination as well as alloreactivity.
Neuroprotection against hypoxia-ischemia by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). (2003)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a polypeptide hormone that has been investigated as a potential neuroprotective drug for the treatment of stroke and other forms of neural damage. Preclinical studies over the last decade have demonstrated that IGF-I and some of its fragments can protect against neuronal and glial cell degeneration in animal models of stroke such as hypoxia-ischemia. Although the results to date are encouraging, the size of the IGF-I molecule has proved problematic and has led researchers to investigate routes of administration that bypass the blood-brain barrier, such as intranasal application, or to focus on fragments of IGF-I, such as the N-terminal peptide Gly-Pro-Glut (GPE). While the results of these studies have also been positive, systematic dose-response comparisons with recognized neuroprotectants have not yet been published, the time window for therapeutic effects is not yet clear and long-term functional studies have not been conducted.
RESPONSE TO ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY AT COMFORTABLE AIR TEMPERATURE: A COMPARISON OF THREE EXPERIMENTS (1978)

Three experiments on subjective responses to atmospheric humidity at comfortable air temperatures are compared. The first of the three experiments has already been reported; the second and third are described in detail. In the second experiment, 24 sedentary subjects were exposed to each of six levels of relative humidity (r.h.), from 20 to 70%, for 1½ h at a temperature of 23°C. The third experiment was similar, exapt that the exposure time was increased to 5 h, and each subject attended only once. Five levels of humidity from 20 to 60% r.h. were used, and 21 subjects experienced each level. In both experiments, the subjects described their feelings on a number of seven point rating scales. Of the three experiments, the first two agreed in finding that both low and high humidities were rated as worse than the middle levels of 40–50%, on such scales as oppressiveness and stuffiness. Subjects also rated their skins as more moist in the more humid conditions. The third experiment failed to confirm these findings. The implications are discussed.
Role of PML in Cell Growth and the Retinoic Acid Pathway (1998)

The PML gene is fused to the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) gene in chromosomal translocations associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Ablation of murine PML protein by homologous recombination revealed that PML regulates hemopoietic differentiation and controls cell growth and tumorigenesis. PML function was essential for the tumor-growth-suppressive activity of retinoic acid (RA) and for its ability to induce terminal myeloid differentiation of precursor cells. PML was needed for the RA-dependent transactivation of the p21WAF1/CIP1 gene, which regulates cell cycle progression and cellular differentiation. These results indicate that PML is a critical component of the RA pathway and that disruption of its activity by the PML-RARalpha fusion protein may be important in APL pathogenesis.
Optical image encryption based on interference of polarized light (2009)

We proposed a novel architecture for optical image encryption based on interference between two polarized wavefronts. A polarization-selective diffractive optical element is employed to generate the desired polarized wavefronts by modulating the incident polarized light beam. The encryption algorithm for this new method is simple and does not need iterative encoding. Numerical simulation is performed to demonstrate the validity of this new proposed method.
Factors Affecting Solubility of Calcium Lactate in Aqueous Solutions (2004)

Calcium lactate (CaL2) crystal formation on the surface of cheese continues to be a widespread problem for the cheese industry despite decades of research. To prevent those crystals from forming, it is necessary to keep the concentration of CaL2 below saturation level. The limited data available on the solubility of CaL2 at conditions appropriate for the storage of cheese are often conflicting. In this work, the solubility of L(+)-CaL2 in water was evaluated at 4, 10, and 24 degrees C, and the effects of salt and pH at those temperatures were investigated. The effects of additional calcium and lactate ions on solubility also were studied. The results suggested that temperature and the concentration of lactate ions are the main factors influencing the solubility of CaL2, with the other parameters having limited effect.
Generation of superoxide anion by the NADH dehydrogenase of bovine heart mitochondria (1980)

Submitochondrial particles from bovine heart in which NADH dehydrogenase is reduced by either addition of NADH and rotenone or by reversed electron transfer generate 0.9 +/- 0.1 nmol of O2-/min per mg of protein at pH 7.4 and at 30 degrees C. When NADH is used as substrate, rotenone, antimycin and cyanide increase O2- production. In NADH- and antimycin-supplemented submitochondrial particles, rotenone has a biphasic effect: it increases O2- production at the NADH dehydrogenase and it inhibits O2- production at the ubiquinone-cytochrome b site. The generation of O2- by the rotenone, the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide rho-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone and oligomycin at concentrations similar to those required to inhibit energy-dependent succinate-NAD reductase. Cyanide did not affect O2- generation at the NADH dehydrogenase, but inhibited O2- production at the ubiquinone-cytochrome b site. Production of O2- at the NADH dehydrogenase is about 50% of the O2- generation but the ubiquinone-cytochrome b area at pH 7.4. Additivity of the two mitochondrial sites of O2- generation was observed over the pH range from 7.0 to 8.8. AN O2- -dependent autocatalytic process that requires NADH, submitochondrial particles and adrenaline is described.
Intramolecular Triplet Energy Transfer. 4. A Carbazole−Naphthalene System Having a Flexible Alkyl Spacer Doped in Poly(methyl methacrylate) Matrixes (1998)

The rates of intramolecular triplet energy transfer from carbazole (Cz) to naphthalene (Np) chromophore for the bichromophoric compounds with a flexible alkyl spacer, Cz−(CH2)n−Np, n = 4−12, doped in poly(methyl methacrylate) matrixes were measured by phosphorescence spectroscopy and laser flash photolysis. The results were interpreted in terms of a model that allows a distribution of donor−acceptor distances for a given spacer length by using Dexter's equation. This model provided the transfer rate for all the compounds tested, and the comparative study with experimental results indicated that the “through-space” mechanism mainly governs the intramolecular triplet−triplet energy transfer in flexible spacer compounds. The temperature dependence of the rates of triplet energy transfer was also investigated.
Eine wissenschaftstheoretische Evaluation der Spieltheorie (1999)

Nachdem die wichtigsten Elemente der Spieltheorie im historischen Kontext Gegenstand der bisherigen Ausführungen waren, bedarf es als nächstes einer Diskussion der Frage, inwieweit der spieltheoretische Ansatz als Theoriefundament für das erweiterte Marketingkonzept dienen kann. Um eine Aussage zu dieser Fragestellung machen zu können, gilt es zunächst zu prüfen, ob die Spieltheorie den Anforderungen an eine Theorie genügt. Ein Blick in die Literatur zeigt, weshalb die Beantwortung dieser eher trivial anmutenden Frage durchaus eine Berechtigung besitzt.
<title>Real-time weather data on terrain</title> (2001)

This paper describes the visualization of 3D Doppler radar with global, with high-resolution terrain. This is the first time such data have been displayed together in a real-time environment. Associated data such as buildings and maps are displayed along with the weather data and the terrain. Requirements for effective 3D visualization for weather forecasting are identified. The application presented in this paper meets most of these requirements. In particular the application provides end-to-end real-time capability, integrated browsing and analysis, and integration of relevant data in a combined visualization. The last capability will grow in importance as researchers develop sophisticated models of storm development that yield rules for how storms behave in the presence of hills or mountains and other features.
Poly(l-lysine)-g-Poly(ethylene glycol) Layers on Metal Oxide Surfaces:  Attachment Mechanism and Effects of Polymer Architecture on Resistance to Protein Adsorption (2000)

The generation of surfaces and interfaces that are able to withstand protein adsorption is a major challenge in the design of blood-contacting materials for both medical implants and bioaffinity sensors. Poly(ethylene glycol)-derived materials are generally considered to be particularly effective candidates for the fabrication of protein-resistant materials. Most metallic biomaterials are covered by a protective, stable oxide film; converting such oxide surfaces, which are known to strongly interact with proteins, into noninteractive surfaces requires a specific design of the surface/interface architecture. A class of copolymers based on poly(l-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) was found to spontaneously adsorb from aqueous solutions onto several metal oxide surfaces, such as TiO2, Si0.4Ti0.6O2, and Nb2O5, as measured by the in situ optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy technique and by ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The resulting adsorbed layers are highly effective in reducing the adsorption both of blood serum and of individual proteins such as fibrinogen, which is known to play a major role in the cascade of events that lead to biomaterial-surface-induced blood coagulation and thrombosis. Adsorbed protein levels as low as <5 ng/cm2 could be achieved for an optimized polymer architecture. The modified surfaces are stable to desorption under flow conditions at 37 °C and pH 7.4 in HEPES [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid] and PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) buffers. The adsorbed layer of copolymer is thought to form a comblike structure at the surface, with positively charged primary amine groups of the PLL bound to the negatively charged metal oxide surface, while the hydrophilic and uncharged PEG side chains are exposed to the solution phase. Copolymer architecture is an important factor in the resulting protein resistance; it is discussed on the basis of packing-density considerations and the corresponding radii of gyration of the different PEG chain lengths studied. This surface functionalization technology is believed to be of value for use in both the biomaterial and biosensor areas, as the chosen macromolecules are biocompatible and the application is straightforward and cost-effective.