gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-aperture switchable thin diffractive lens with interleaved electrode patterns (2006)

The authors report on a high-performance large-aperture switchable diffractive lens using nematic liquid crystal that can be used as an adaptive eyewear. The odd- and even-numbered ring electrodes are separated in two layers, avoiding the gaps between the neighboring electrodes and allowing high diffraction efficiency. It is easier to avoid shorts between neighboring conductive electrodes and fabricate lenses with larger aperture and smaller feature size. With a four-level phase modulation, a 15mm aperture, 2dpt lens with small aberrations and diffraction efficiency of above 75% could be demonstrated with low operating voltages. The thickness of the liquid crystal is only 5μm. The lens switching time is about 180ms. The on and off states of the electrically controlled lens allows near and distance vision, respectively. The focusing power of the lens can be adjusted to be either positive or negative. This structure can be extended to higher-level phase modulation with even higher efficiencies.
Monolithically integrated, flexible display of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal driven by rubber-stamped organic thin-film transistors (2001)

This letter describes the monolithic integration of rubber-stamped thin-film organic transistors with polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) to create a multipixel, flexible display with plastic substrates. We report the electro-optic switching behavior of the PDLCs as driven by the organic transistors, and we show that our displays operate robustly under flexing and have a contrast comparable to that of newsprint.
Analysis of antigenicity of Clostridium botulinum type C1 and D toxins by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (1984)

Clostridium botulinum type C1 toxin was purified from C-Stockholm (C-ST), and D toxin was purified from D-1873 and D-South African. Polyclonal antibodies against these toxins were prepared in rabbits. Twenty-eight monoclonal antibodies to these toxins were also prepared with BALB/c myeloma cells. The antibodies were analyzed by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a toxin neutralization test. ELISA was performed with the three purified toxins and heavy-chain (Hc) and light-chain (Lc) components derived from C-ST and D-1873 toxins. A neutralization test was carried out with 11 toxin preparations (7 from type C and 4 from type D cultures). ELISA results indicated that there exists at least one common antigenic determinant on each of the Hc and Lc components of the three purified toxins. The results of the neutralization test also indicated that type C1 and D toxin preparations contain several common antigenic sites in their molecules. Some are common to toxins from several specific cultures, whereas others are common to toxins from a large number of cultures. It was speculated that toxins from two type C strains are composed of Hc and Lc components which are somewhat similar to those of D-1873 and C-ST toxins, respectively.
Structural basis of the conversion of T4 lysozyme into a transglycosidase by reengineering the active site (1999)

In contrast to hen egg-white lysozyme, which retains the beta-configuration of the substrate in the product, T4 lysozyme (T4L) is an inverting glycosidase. The substitution Thr-26 --> His, however, converts T4L from an inverting to a retaining enzyme. It is shown here that the Thr-26 --> His mutant is also a transglycosidase. Indeed, the transglycosylation reaction can be more effective than hydrolysis. In contrast, wild-type T4L has no detectable transglycosidase activity. The results support the prior hypothesis that catalysis by the Thr-26 --> His mutant proceeds via a covalent intermediate. Further mutations (Glu-11 --> His, Asp-20 --> Cys) of the T26H mutant lysozyme indicate that the catalytic mechanism of this mutant requires Glu-11 as a general acid but Asp-20 is not essential. The results help provide an overall rationalization for the activity of glycosidases, in which a highly conserved acid group (Glu-11 in T4L, Glu-35 in hen egg-white lysozyme) on the beta-side of the substrate acts as a proton donor, whereas alterations in the placement and chemical identity of residues on the alpha-side of the substrate can lead to catalysis with or without retention of the configuration, to transglycosidase activity, or to the formation of a stable enzyme-substrate adduct.
ADAM10 Regulates Endothelial Permeability and T-Cell Transmigration by Proteolysis of Vascular Endothelial Cadherin (2008)

Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is the major adhesion molecule of endothelial adherens junctions. It plays an essential role in controlling endothelial permeability, vascular integrity, leukocyte transmigration, and angiogenesis. Elevated levels of soluble VE-cadherin are associated with diseases like coronary atherosclerosis. Previous data showed that the extracellular domain of VE-cadherin is released by an unknown metalloprotease activity during apoptosis. In this study, we used gain-of-function analyses, inhibitor studies, and RNA interference experiments to analyze the proteolytic release of VE-cadherin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that VE-cadherin is specifically cleaved by the disintegrin and metalloprotease ADAM10 in its ectodomain, releasing a soluble fragment and generating a carboxyl-terminal membrane-bound stub, which is a substrate for a subsequent gamma-secretase cleavage. This ADAM10-mediated proteolysis could be induced by Ca(2+) influx and staurosporine treatment, indicating that ADAM10-mediated VE-cadherin cleavage contributes to the dissolution of adherens junctions during endothelial cell activation and apoptosis, respectively. In contrast, protein kinase C activation or inhibition did not modulate VE-cadherin processing. Increased ADAM10 expression was functionally associated with an increase in endothelial permeability. Remarkably, our data indicate that ADAM10 activity also contributes to the thrombin-induced decrease of endothelial cell-cell adhesion. Moreover, knockdown of ADAM10 in HUVECs as well as in T cells by small interfering RNA impaired T-cell transmigration. Taken together, our data identify ADAM10 as a novel regulator of vascular permeability and demonstrate a hitherto unknown function of ADAM10 in the regulation of VE-cadherin-dependent endothelial cell functions and leukocyte transendothelial migration.
Tumor antigens in astrocytic gliomas (1995)

Gliomas affect 15,000 to 17,000 Americans every year and carry a dismal prognosis. The potential of immunologically mediated diagnosis and therapy, although greatly enhanced since the advent of monoclonal antibodies, has not been fully realized due to significant problems, most especially the challenge of identifying antigenic molecules specific to glial tumors. Other problematic issues include antigen-associated factors such as heterogeneity, modulation, shedding, and cross-reactivity with normal cells, and factors associated with therapeutic agent delivery, typically variable tumor perfusion and unfavorable diffusional forces in tumor microenvironment. An understanding of these problems called for the delineation of operationally specific antigens (tumor-associated antigens not expressed by the normal central nervous system) combined with the use of compartmental therapeutic approaches to increase the specificity of therapy. Numerous antigens have been identified and are classified as extracellular/matrix-associated, membrane-associated, and intracellular antigens. Nevertheless, only a few have been demonstrated to be of significant therapeutic and diagnostic utility. These few include the extracellular matrix-associated antigens tenascin and GP 240, defined by the monoclonal antibodies 81C6 and Mel-14, both of which are now in Phase I clinical trials, and membrane-associated ganglioside molecules, primarily 3', 6'-isoLD1, defined by the antibody DMAb-22. Recent identification of the overexpression of a deletion variant of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII) in up to 50% of the more malignant glial tumors and the subsequent creation of monoclonal antibodies that are specific to this molecule and do not recognize the wild-type EGFR provide the most exciting development yet in the design of specific antiglioma immunoconjugates. In addition, the tumor-specific nature of EGFRvIII combined with improved knowledge of immune mechanisms, especially in the context of the central nervous system, will facilitate the design of highly selective cell-mediated therapeutic approaches with a view toward obtaining tumor-specific immunity.
A Comparison of Clinical Assessment and Home Oximetry in the Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (1993)

In order to determine whether measurement of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) could identify patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 98 consecutive patients referred for assessment of snoring and/or daytime somnolence were assessed clinically and then underwent both unsupervised oximetry in their homes and formal polysomnography. Clinical assessment identified patients with an apnea + hypopnea index (AHI) ⩾ 15 events per hour with a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 50%. Home oximetry analyzed by counting the number of arterial oxygen desaturations recorded was inferior to clinical assessment. For desaturations of 2% or more from baseline, desaturation index (DI) ⩾ 15 per hour identified patients with AHI ⩾ 15 with sensitivity 65% and specificity 74%; for 3% desaturations, sensitivity was 51% and specificity 90%; and for 4% desaturations, sensitivity was 40% and specificity 98%. From the oximetry data, the percentage of time spent at SaO2 below 90% (CT90) was also calculated. CT90 ⩾ 1% identified patients with AHI ⩾ 15 with sensitivity 93% and specificity 51%; for patients with AHI ⩾ 15 ultimately given nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the sensitivity of a CT90 ⩾ 1% was 100%. We concluded that home oximetry with CT90 < 1% practically excludes clinically significant OSA. Conversely, home oximetry with DI ⩾ 15 for 4% desaturations makes OSA likely: the positive predictive value for OSA is 83% if the pretest probability of OSA is 30% and over 90% if the pretest probability is at least 50%.
Antagonism by piperidine of levodopa effects in Parkinson disease (1977)

The nicotinic cholinergic amine piperidine diminished both the dyskinesia and the symptomatic control in some patients with Parkinson disease receiving levodopa. Since the piperdine configuration is contained in the molecules of the apomorphine and N-propylnoraporphine, it might be responsible for the antagonism of these drugs to some effects of levodopa in Parkinson disease and for the palliation by apomorphine of some dopamine-mediated symptoms in other extrapyramidal disorders.
Mutation Analysis of BRAF, MEK1 and MEK2 in 15 Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines: Implications for Therapy (2007)

In this study, we report novel BRAF mutations in exon 4 and exon 12 and also report the first mutation in MEK1 associated with human cancer. Functional data indicate the MEK1 mutation may confer alteration of activation through the MAPK pathway. The significance of these findings is that BRAF and MEK1/2 mutations may be more common than anticipated in ovarian cancer which could have important implications for treatment of patients with this disease and suggests potential new therapeutic avenues.
Relaxation of a Single DNA Molecule Observed by Optical Microscopy (1994)

Single molecules of DNA, visualized in video fluorescence microscopy, were stretched to full extension in a flow, and their relaxation was measured when the flow stopped. The molecules, attached by one end to a 1-micrometer bead, were manipulated in an aqueous solution with optical tweezers. Inverse Laplace transformations of the relaxation data yielded spectra of decaying exponentials with distinct peaks, and the longest time component (tau) increased with length (L) as tau approximately L 1.68 +/- 0.10. A rescaling analysis showed that most of the relaxation curves had a universal shape and their characteristic times (lambda t) increased as lambda t approximately L 1.65 +/- 0.13. These results are in qualitative agreement with the theoretical prediction of dynamical scaling.
Simultaneous inhibition of pan-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases and MEK as a potential therapeutic strategy in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (2012)

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas are very aggressive hematologic malignancies for which there is no targeted therapy. New, rational approaches are necessary to improve the very poor outcome in these patients. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase is one of the most important pathways in cell survival and proliferation. We hypothesized that phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitors could be rationally selected drugs for treating peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Several phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase isoforms were inhibited genetically (using small interfering RNA) and pharmacologically (with CAL-101 and GDC-0941 compounds) in a panel of six peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines. Cell viability was measured by intracellular ATP content; apoptosis and cell cycle changes were checked by flow cytometry. Pharmacodynamic biomarkers were assessed by western blot. The PIK3CD gene, which encodes the δ isoform of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, was overexpressed in cell lines and primary samples, and correlated with survival pathways. However, neither genetic nor specific pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase δ affected cell survival. In contrast, the pan-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor GDC-0941 arrested all T-cell lymphoma cell lines in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis in a subset of them. We identified phospho-GSK3β and phospho-p70S6K as potential biomarkers of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitors. Interestingly, an increase in ERK phosphorylation was observed in some GDC -0941-treated T-cell lymphoma cell lines, suggesting the presence of a combination of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and MEK inhibitors. A highly synergistic effect was found between the two inhibitors, with the combination enhancing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 in all T-cell lymphoma cell lines, and reducing cell viability in primary tumor T cells ex vivo. These results suggest that the combined treatment of pan-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase + MEK inhibitors could be more effective than single phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor treatment, and therefore, that this combination could be of therapeutic value for treating peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.
T-Cell Factor 3 Regulates Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency and Self-Renewal by the Transcriptional Control of Multiple Lineage Pathways (2008)

The Wnt signaling pathway is necessary both for maintaining undifferentiated stem cells and for directing their differentiation. In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Wnt signaling preferentially maintains "stemness" under certain permissive conditions. T-cell factor 3 (Tcf3) is a component of the Wnt signaling and a dominant downstream effector in ESCs. Despite the wealth of knowledge regarding the importance of Wnt signaling underlying stem cells functions, the precise mechanistic explanation by which the effects are mediated is unknown. In this study, we identified new regulatory targets of Tcf3 using a whole-genome approach and found that Tcf3 transcriptionally represses many genes important for maintaining pluripotency and self-renewal, as well as those involved in lineage commitment and stem cell differentiation. This effect is in part mediated by the corepressors transducin-like enhancer of split 2 and C-terminal Binding Protein (CtBP). Notably, Tcf3 binds to and represses the Oct4 promoter, and this repressive effect requires both the Groucho and CtBP interacting domains of Tcf3. Interestingly, we find that in mouse preimplantation development embryos, Tcf3 expression is coregulated with Oct4 and Nanog and becomes localized to the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. These data demonstrate an important role for Tcf3 in modulating the appropriate level of gene transcription in ESCs and during embryonic development. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Human CAP18: a novel antimicrobial lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (1995)

CAP18 (18-kDa cationic antimicrobial protein) is a protein originally identified and purified from rabbit leukocytes on the basis of its capacity to bind and inhibit various activities of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here we report the cloning of human CAP18 and characterize the anti-LPS activity of the C-terminal fragment. Oligonucleotide probes designed from the rabbit CAP18 cDNA were used to identify human CAP18 from a bone marrow cDNA library. The cDNA encodes a protein composed of a 30-amino-acid signal peptide, a 103-amino-acid N-terminal domain of unknown function, and a C-terminal domain of 37 amino acids homologous to the LPS-binding antimicrobial domain of rabbit CAP18, designated CAP18(104-140). A human CAP18-specific antiserum was generated by using CAP18 expressed as a fusion protein with the maltose-binding protein. Western blots (immunoblots) with this antiserum showed specific expression of human CAP18 in granulocytes. Synthetic human CAP18(104-140) and a more active truncated fragment, CAP18(104-135), were shown to (i) bind to erythrocytes coated with diverse strains of LPS, (ii) inhibit LPS-induced release of nitric oxide from macrophages, (iii) inhibit LPS-induced generation of tissue factor, and (iv) protect mice from LPS lethality. CAP18(104-140) may have therapeutic utility for conditions associated with elevated concentrations of LPS.
Alteration of Sulfate and Hydrogen Metabolism in the Human Colon by Changing Intestinal Transit Rate (2006)

Both sulfate supplements and changes in intestinal transit rate markedly alter the activity of the colonic bacterial flora with respect to sulfate metabolism and hydrogen disposal. Dietary influences on intestinal transit and sulfate consumption may influence disease processes. While a variety of processes govern sulfate metabolism and hydrogen disposal, our knowledge is far from complete. How far the observed changes in sulfate metabolism seen in certain diseases are relevant to the pathogenesis of the disease or secondary to the disease itself is unclear.
The efficacy of adding dexketoprofen trometamol to tramadol with patient controlled analgesia technique in post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy pain treatment (2012)

This study has shown that adding dexketoprofen trometamol to tramadol in patient controlled analgesia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy lowers VAS scores, increases patient satisfaction and decreases opioid consumption.
Presence and characteristics of epidermal growth factor receptors in human fetal small intestine and colon (1988)

In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time the presence of important concentrations of EGF binding sites in isolated epithelial cells of both human fetal small intestine and colon as early as 12 weeks gestation. The pattern of EGF binding in the small intestine between 12 and 17 weeks show that binding was significantly higher (2.5-fold) in younger fetuses than in older fetuses. Moreover, the fetal colon exhibited a much higher binding capacity (1.5-2.5 times) than corresponding intestinal cells for all age groups studied. Analysis of Scatchard representations reveal that the concentration of high- and low-affinity binding sites in colonic epithelial cells are twice the values observed in corresponding intestinal cells. The present data raise interesting possibilities as to the role of this growth factor in human fetal gut development.
How metal-rich are metal-rich HII regions (1994)

We have obtained deep spectrophotometry of the metal-rich H II region Searle 5 in M 101. This objects plays an important role in the calibration of the high-metallicity branch of the empirical bright-line methods for chemical abundance determinations. For the first time, the temperature sensitive auroral lines [NII] 5755 A, [SIII] 6312 A and [O11] 7320/7330 A are clearly detected. A photoionization model fit to the observed line spectrum including the auroral line intensities gives a value of 12+log (O/H)=8.9. This is in contrast to the high value of 9.1 frequently used to calibrate the high-metallicity branch of extragalactic H II region abundances
Epistolae Sancti Pauli. Mss. 44 de la Biblioteca Histórica de la U.C.M.: Una aproximación iconográfica (2005)

Estudio iconografico de las letras capitales que decoran el Manuscrito 44 de la Biblioteca Historica de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids:  Temperature Dependence of Gas Solubility Selectivity (2007)

This study focuses on bulk fluid solubility of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), and nitrogen (N2) gases in the imidazolium-based RTILs: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([emim][Tf2N]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([emim][BF4]), 1-n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([hmim][Tf2N]), and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate ([mmim][MeSO4]) as a function of temperature (25, 40, 55, and 70 °C) at near-atmospheric pressures. The experimental behaviors are explained in terms of thermodynamic relationships that account for the negligible vapor pressure of the RTIL as well as the low solubilities of the gases. Results show that, as temperature increases, the solubility of CO2 decreases in all RTILs, the solubility of CH4 remains constant in [emim][Tf2N] and [hmim][Tf2N] but increases in [mmim][MeSO4] and [emim][BF4], and the solubility of N2 and H2 increases. Also, the ideal solubility selectivity (ratio of pure-component solubilities) increases as temperature decreases for CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, and CO2/H2 systems. Experimental values for the enthalpy and entropy of solvation are reported.
Identification of cellular deoxyhypusine synthase as a novel target for antiretroviral therapy (2005)

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly decreased morbidity and mortality among patients infected with HIV-1. However, HIV-1 can acquire resistance against all currently available antiretroviral drugs targeting viral reverse transcriptase, protease, and gp41. Moreover, in a growing number of patients, the development of multidrug-resistant viruses compromises HAART efficacy and limits therapeutic options. Therefore, it is an ongoing task to develop new drugs and to identify new targets for antiretroviral therapy. Here, we identified the guanylhydrazone CNI-1493 as an efficient inhibitor of human deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS). By inhibiting DHS, this compound suppresses hypusine formation and, thereby, activation of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A), a cellular cofactor of the HIV-1 Rev regulatory protein. We demonstrate that inhibition of DHS by CNI-1493 or RNA interference efficiently suppressed the retroviral replication cycle in cell culture and primary cells. We show that CNI-1493 inhibits replication of macrophage- and T cell–tropic laboratory strains, clinical isolates, and viral strains with high-level resistance to inhibitors of viral protease and reverse transcriptase. Moreover, no measurable drug-induced adverse effects on cell cycle transition, apoptosis, and general cytotoxicity were observed. Therefore, human DHS represents a novel and promising drug target for the development of advanced antiretroviral therapies, particularly for the inhibition of multidrug-resistant viruses.