gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and distribution of synthetic ligament wear particles in sheep (1996)

After one year, wear of medial collateral ligament replacements in sheep resulted in the presence of large numbers of wear particles and fibers in the joint space. This study examined the frequency of transport of these particles to the regional lymph nodes and to the liver and spleen. Inguinal, iliac, and paraaortic nodes were examined with regular and polarized light for the presence of particles presumably originating from polyethylene, aramid, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyesterterephthalate, polylacticacid, and carbon ligaments. Lymph nodes from sheep that had received tendon autograft replacements were also evaluated. Particles were observed in 33% of all nodes and in at least one node in 84% of all sheep. Particles were found in contralateral nodes, but not in the spleen or liver. Particles were observed usually as intracellular in foamy histiocytes, although extracellular carbon fibers and extracellular aramid fibers were also seen. Giant cells were occasionally detected in the polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, and aramid nodes. In the polytetrafluoroethylene nodes and in the autograft nodes particles containing Mg, Si, and Fe were identified by elemental analysis. The morphological similarities between various birefringent particles and the particles indirectly identified as talc have led us to question the identification of wear debris solely on the basis of birefringence.
DNA methylation prevents the amplification of TROP1, a tumor-associated cell surface antigen gene. (1994)

We tested the hypothesis that different genes can have different abilities to be amplified after transfection under comparable selection conditions. DNA from human lymphoid or choriocarcinoma cell lines was transfected into L cells. Transfectants for CD5, CD8A, TROP1, and TROP2, genes expressed on lymphocytes or trophoblast and carcinomas, were selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. To select for amplification of the transfected gene we cloned twice by fluorescence-activated cell sorting the transfectants with the highest expression. We analyzed a total of 38 families (1768 clones) derived from the original transfectants. We then analyzed by Southern blotting the clones with the highest increase in surface expression and determined the copy number of each transfected gene. CD5, CD8A, and TROP2 were amplified with high frequency and progressively, whereas TROP1 essentially was not amplified at all. We examined the hypothesis that DNA methylation prevents the amplification of the TROP1 gene by treating JAR choriocarcinoma cells with 5-azacytidine to decrease DNA methylation. DNA extracted at different times after the treatment was used for transfection. When DNA that showed demethylation of the TROP1 gene was used, 16 Trop-1 transfectants were obtained and 6 of them were found to contain up to 40 copies of the TROP1 gene per haploid genome. Thus, we showed that transfectants obtained from a demethylated TROP1 gene were amplified efficiently and progressively. We propose that DNA methylation affects DNA amplification either by altering the recognition of methylated DNA sequences or by changing the conformation of the chromatin of methylated segments. We speculate that DNA methylation is a determinant of gene amplification in vivo, for example in tumor cells.
Quantitative assessment of the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier in mice. (2002)

Measurement of the RLLR or RRLR after intraperitoneal injection of [(3)H]mannitol in mice provides a quantitative assessment of BRB function that is normalized and can therefore be compared from assay to assay. Comparison of the extent and duration of BRB breakdown after intravitreous injection of vasoactive substances shows that agents can be grouped by resultant extent and time course of leakage. Additional studies are needed to determine whether this grouping has its basis in shared mechanisms of BRB disruption.
A New Selective Area Lateral Epitaxy Approach for Depositing a-Plane GaN over r-Plane Sapphire (2003)

We report a new epitaxy procedure for growing extremely low defect density a-plane GaN films over r-plane sapphire. By combining selective area growth through a SiO2 mask opening to produce high height to width aspect ratio a-plane GaN pillars and lateral epitaxy from their c-plane facets, we obtained fully coalesced a-plane GaN films. The excellent structural, optical and electrical characteristics of these selective area lateral epitaxy (SALE) deposited films make them ideal for high efficiency III-N electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Metformin targets Stat3 to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancers (2012)

A distinct group of breast cancers, called "basal" or "triple-negative" (TN) cancers express both basal cytokeratins and the epidermal growth factor receptor, but fail to express estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors or HER2 and have stem-like or mesenchymal features. They are particularly aggressive, are frequently chemo-resistant, with p53 mutation, up-regulation of IL-6 and Stat3. Because TN cells are particularly sensitive to the anti-diabetic agent metformin, we hypothesized that it may target JAK2/Stat3 signaling. The effects of metformin upon Stat3 expression and activation were examined in four human TN cell lines. Metformin's effects were also studied in sublines with forced over-expression of constitutively active (CA) Stat3, as well as lines with stable knockdown of Stat3. Metformin inhibited Stat3 activation (P-Stat3) at Tyr705 and Ser727 and downstream signaling in each of the four parental cell lines. CA-Stat3 transfection attenuated, whereas Stat3 knockdown enhanced, the effects of metformin upon growth inhibition and apoptosis induction. A Stat3 specific inhibitor acted synergistically with metformin in reducing cell growth and inducing apoptosis. An mTOR inhibitor showed no significant interaction with metformin. In summary, Stat3 is a critical regulator of metformin action in TN cancer cells, providing the potential for enhancing metformin's efficacy in the clinical setting.
Characterization of haze-forming precipitates in silicon (1988)

The defects leading to haze formation after diffusion of the transition metals cobalt, nickel, copper, and palladium have been studied by means of transmission electron microscopy and preferential etching. In all cases crystalline metal silicide particles have been observed. Both cobalt and nickel form disilicide particles of different morphologies in the surface regions of silicon wafers, whereas copper and palladium form metal-rich silicide particles causing a supersaturation of Si self-interstitials or undersaturation of vacancies and leading to the formation of extrinsic dislocation loops.
Construction and preliminary characterization of papaya mosaic virus as an expression vector for the presentation of foreign epitopes (1999)

grantor: University of Toronto
Serum High Molecular Weight Adiponectin is Associated with Mild Renal Dysfunction in Japanese Adults (2010)

We conclude that a higher serum HMW adiponectin level is associated with a reduced odds ratio of mild renal dysfunction in Japanese adults.
Activation-induced FOXP3 in human T effector cells does not suppress proliferation or cytokine production (2007)

Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is currently thought to be the most specific marker for naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells (nTregs). In mice, expression of FoxP3 is strictly correlated with regulatory activity, whereas increasing evidence suggests that in humans, activated T effector cells (Teffs) may also express FOXP3. In order to better define the role of FOXP3 in human Teff cells, we investigated the intensity and kinetics of expression in ex vivo Teff cells, suppressed Teff cells and Teff cell lines. We found that all dividing Teff cells expressed FOXP3, but only transiently, and at levels that were significantly lower than those in suppressive nTregs. This temporary expression in Teff cells was insufficient to suppress expression of reported targets of FOXP3 repressor activity, including CD127, IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and was not correlated with induction of a nTreg phenotype. Thus expression of FOXP3 is a normal consequence of CD4(+) T cell activation and, in humans, it can no longer be used as an exclusive marker of nTregs. These data indicate that our current understanding of how FOXP3 contributes to immune tolerance in humans needs to be re-evaluated.
Homogeneous NoC-based FPGA: The Foundation for Virtual FPGA (2010)

Reconfigurable computing based on FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) has been a promising solution to improve the performance with high flexibility. However, the physical capacity limitation of FPGAs prevents its wide adoption in real world. In this paper, a homogeneous NoC-based FPGA architecture is proposed, in which reconfigurable and I/O resources are interconnected via NoC so that reconfigurable modules can be placed anywhere once enough space available. Meanwhile, a virtual FPGA is proposed with which over large circuit can be implemented on a limited capacity FPGA. The experiment verified that our approach can provide more flexible reconfiguration, and combing NOC on FPGA, the resource utilization increased within 44.7%-53.5% because of the fragment in CRs benefit from such kind of dynamic partial configuration.
Tumor cell IL-6 gene expression is regulated by IL-1α/β and TNFα: proposed feedback mechanisms induced by the interaction of tumor cells and macrophages (1992)

In the present report, we show that progressive growth of the immunogenic C57BL/6J sarcoma, MCA/76-9, was accompanied by an increase in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity. The possible pathways leading to the induction of IL-6 release by the tumor cells are described. It was shown that macrophage products IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and to a lesser extent, TNF alpha, induced the tumor cells in vitro to transcribe the IL-6 gene and release the gene product. IL-1 induced significantly more IL-6 mRNA and bioactivity than TNF alpha, although both cytokines induced a cumulative increase of bioactivity in the supernates over a period of 24 h. The tumor cells were shown to express receptors for IL-1 alpha, which could be blocked with anti-IL-1 receptor antibody. Given the previous reports that tumor-associated macrophages expressed both IL-1 alpha/beta and TNF alpha, the data suggest, first, that the mutual interaction of tumor cells and macrophages in situ may contribute to the observed increase in circulating IL-6 activity, and second, that the release of IL-6 in vivo may serve to regulate both anti-tumor immune responses and suppressor mechanisms.
Use of the Genotype MTBDR Assay for Rapid Detection of Rifampin and Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates (2005)

A commercially available DNA strip assay (Genotype MTBDR; Hain Lifescience, Nehren, Germany) was evaluated for its ability to detect mutations conferring resistance to rifampin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates. A total of 103 multidrug-resistant (MDR; i.e., at least resistant to RMP and INH) and 40 fully susceptible strains isolated in Germany in 2001 in which resistance mutations have been previously defined by DNA sequencing and real-time PCR analysis were investigated. The Genotype MTBDR assay identified 102 of the 103 MDR strains with mutations in the rpoB gene (99%) and 91 strains (88.4%) with mutations in codon 315 of katG. All 40 susceptible strains showed a wild-type MTBDR hybridization pattern. The concordance between the MTBDR assay and the DNA sequencing results was 100%. Compared to conventional drug susceptibility testing, the sensitivity and specificity were 99 and 100% for RMP resistance and 88.4 and 100% for INH resistance, respectively. In conclusion, the MTBDR assay is a rapid and easy-to-perform test for the detection of the most common mutations found in MDR M. tuberculosis strains that can readily be included in a routine laboratory work flow.
A marginal band-associated protein has properties of both microtubule- and microfilament-associated proteins. (1989)

The marginal band of nucleated erythrocytes is a microtubule organelle under rigorous quantitative and spatial control, with properties quite different from those of the microtubule organelles of cultured cells. Previous results suggest that proteins other than tubulin may participate in organizing the marginal band, and may interact with elements of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton in addition to microtubules. To identify such species, we raised mAbs against the proteins that assemble from chicken brain homogenates with tubulin. One such antibody binds to a single protein in chicken erythrocytes, and produces an immunofluorescence pattern colocalizing with marginal band microtubules. Several properties of this protein are identical to those of ezrin, a protein isolated from brush border and localized to motile elements of cultured cells. A significant proportion of the antigen is not soluble in erythrocytes, as determined by extraction with nonionic detergent. This cytoskeleton-associated fraction is unaffected by treatments that solubilize the marginal band microtubules. The protein has properties of both microtubule- and microfilament-associated proteins. In the accompanying manuscript (Goslin, K., E. Birgbauer, G. Banker, and F. Solomon. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 109:1621-1631), we show that the same antibody recognizes a component of growth cones with a similar dual nature. In early embryonic red blood cells, the antigen is dispersed throughout the cell and does not colocalize with assembled tubulin. Its confinement to the marginal band during development follows rather than precedes that of microtubules. These results, along with previous work, suggest models for the formation of the marginal band.
Enhancement of power conversion efficiency for an L-band EDFA with a secondary pumping effect in the unpumped EDF section (1999)

A novel structure, which utilizes detrimental backward amplified spontaneous emission as a secondary pump source is suggested for a silica-based fiber amplifier, operating at a wavelength range from 1570 to 1610 nm. By using the secondary pumping effect from the strong, wasted 1550-nm band amplified spontaneous emission power in the unpumped section of the erbium-doped fiber, it was possible to achieve a considerable improvement in power conversion efficiency, increasing small-signal gain by more than 4 dB. The suggested pump structure was also shown to be useful in overall conversion efficiency improvement for L-band EDFA's, regardless of pump wavelength choice.
Noninvasive Determination of Spatially Resolved and Time-Resolved Tissue Perfusion in Humans During Nitric Oxide Inhibition and Inhalation by Use of a Visible-Reflectance Hyperspectral Imaging Technique (2001)

Visible-reflectance hyperspectral imaging demonstrates (1) a significant decline in the percentage of HbO(2) in skin tissue when blood flow is reduced after inhibition of forearm NO synthesis and (2) restoration of HbO(2) toward basal values with improved blood flow during inhalation of NO. This imaging method may provide an effective approach for time-resolved noninvasive monitoring of skin hemoglobin oxygen saturation and assessment of responses to therapeutic interventions in patients with vascular disease.
Wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) technologies for broadband access: a review [Invited] (2005)

Feature Issue on Optical Access Networks (OAN) The passive optical network (PON) is an optical fiber based network architecture, which can provide much higher bandwidth in the access network compared to traditional copper-based networks. Incorporating wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) in a PON allows one to support much higher bandwidth compared to the standard PON, which operates in the "single-wavelength mode" where one wavelength is used for upstream transmission and a separate one is used for downstream transmission. We present a comprehensive review of various aspects of WDM-PONs proposed in the literature. This includes enabling device technologies for WDM-PONs and network architectures, as well as the corresponding protocols and services that may be deployed on a WDM-PON. The WDM-PON will become a revolutionary and scalable broadband access technology that will provide high bandwidth to end users.
Haemopoiesis : a practical approach (1993)

In vivo assays for multipotential and marrow repopulating cells, B.I. Lord enrichment of progenitor cell populations from murine and human haemopoietic tissues, B.I. Lord and J.C.W. Marsh vitro clonal assays for murine multipotential and lineage restricted myeloid progenitor cells, C.M. Heyworth and E. Spooncer long-term mouse bone marrow cultures, E. Spooncer, et al clonal and long-term cultures using human bone marrow, L.H. Coutinho, et al isolation and culture of factor-dependent haemopoietic cell lines, E. Spooncer, et al development of haemopoietic cells in liquid culture, O. Kan, et al analysis of growth factor binding to haemopoietic cells, F. Walker and C.M. Heyworth signal transduction, P.J. Owen, et al retroviral gene transfer into haemopoietic cells, L.J. Fairbairn and E. Spooncer assays of the haemopoietic microenvironment, A.J. Friedenstein, et al the visualization of haemopoietic and stromal cell types, T.D. Allen and E.A. de Winter autologous bone marrow transplantation using cultured marrow cells in patients with leukaemia, L.H. Coutino, et al analysis of gene expression in haemopoietic cells, G.J. Cowling, et al molecular analysis of clonality and transplantation in haemopoiesis, J.C.W. Marsh, et al.
Effect of Sn Addition on the Fatigue Properties of Al-Cu-Mn Cast Alloy (2002)

Effect of Sn addition on the fatigue properties of Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy was investigated by low and high cycle fatigue tests. Fatigue life showed the maximum value of 5450cycles in the Al-Cu-Mn alloy containing 0.10%Sn, but decreased rapidly beyond 0.20% of Sn additions. It was found that the fatigue strength was 132MPa and fatigue ratio was 0.31 in the alloy containing 0.10%Sn. Metallographic observation revealed that the fatigue crack initiated at the surface and propagated along the grain boundary. This propagation path was attributed to the presence of PFZ along the grain boundary. The tensile strength increased from 330MPa in 7he Sn-free Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy to 429MPa in the alloy containing 0.10%Sn. But above 0.20%Sn additions, tensile strength was decreased by the segregation of Sn.
Underpotential Deposition at Single Crystal Surfaces of Au, Pt, Ag and Other Materials (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnderpotential Deposition at Single Crystal Surfaces of Au, Pt, Ag and Other MaterialsEnrique Herrero, Lisa J. Buller, and Héctor D. AbruñaView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-130 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 7, 1897–1930Publication Date (Web):June 9, 2001Publication History Received17 April 2000Published online9 June 2001Published inissue 1 July 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9600363https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9600363research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views17688Altmetric-Citations794LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Chemical structure,Copper,Deposition,Electrodes Get e-Alerts
Social network activity and social well-being (2010)

Previous research has shown a relationship between use of social networking sites and feelings of social capital. However, most studies have relied on self-reports by college students. The goals of the current study are to (1) validate the common self-report scale using empirical data from Facebook, (2) test whether previous findings generalize to older and international populations, and (3) delve into the specific activities linked to feelings of social capital and loneliness. In particular, we investigate the role of directed interaction between pairs---such as wall posts, comments, and "likes" --- and consumption of friends' content, including status updates, photos, and friends' conversations with other friends. We find that directed communication is associated with greater feelings of bonding social capital and lower loneliness, but has only a modest relationship with bridging social capital, which is primarily related to overall friend network size. Surprisingly, users who consume greater levels of content report reduced bridging and bonding social capital and increased loneliness. Implications for designs to support well-being are discussed.
The excitation of plane surface waves (1954)

It is shown that a surface wave will be generated by a horizontal slot situated above a corrugated or dielectric-coated guiding surface.A physical interpretation of the analysis is suggested which explains the mechanism of launching in terms of a resonance phenomenon allied to that which arises when a piston attenuator is terminated by a reactance equal and opposite to its own (reactive) characteristic impedance.The problem of efficient launching is discussed, and it is shown that under suitable conditions a high launching efficiency is possible.Some of the theoretical predictions have been verified experimentally.
Expression of Wnt genes and frizzled 1 and 2 receptors in normal breast epithelium and infiltrating breast carcinoma (2004)

The Wnt genes encode a family of related, secreted proteins which initiate a signal cascade upon binding to cell surface receptor molecules. The signaling pathway has been shown to be critical for normal growth and development in model organisms and is implicated in the genesis of numerous human cancers. Wnt proteins regulate mammary development in the mouse but their precise role in normal breast development and malignant transformation in humans remains poorly defined. In this study, we have examined the expression of several Wnt ligands by in situ anti-sense RNA hybridization in normal and malignant human breast tissue, as well as in several estrogen-responsive and estrogen-independent human breast cancer cell lines. The specific Wnt genes tested included Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Wnt6, Wnt7b and Wnt10b. We have also studied the expression of frizzled receptors 1 and 2 by immunohistochemistry in these tissues. Our results indicate that several of the Wnt ligands, especially Wnt1 and Wnt6, are strongly expressed in both normal and malignant breast tissue and that Wnt7b is down-regulated in breast cancer, compared to normal breast epithelium. The expression of frizzled 1 and 2 receptors was found to be up-regulated in breast cancer. These studies provide additional support to the hypothesis that the Wnt signaling pathway is involved in human breast cancer.