gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processing dependent behavior of soft imprint lithography on the 1-10-nm scale (2006)

This paper examines aspects of a soft nanoimprint lithography technique for operation at resolutions that approach the 1-nm regime. Systematic studies using polymer molds made with single walled carbon nanotubes (diameters between 0.5 and 5 nm) and high-resolution electron beam patterned layers of hydrogen silsesquioxane (line widths and heights /spl sim/10 and 20 nm, respectively) as templates reveal a dependence of the resolution limits on the polymer processing conditions. In particular, using a single choice of polymers for the molds and the molded materials, imprint results show that the conditions for spin casting and curing the polymers determine, to a large degree, the resolution and replication fidelity that can be achieved. Optimized procedures enable imprinted polymer surfaces that have a root mean squared surface roughness of /spl sim/0.26 nm or lower and a resolution as high as /spl sim/1 nm. These characteristics are significantly better than previous results obtained using these same polymers with unoptimized conditions. A diversity of molded polymers, including Bisphenol-F epoxy resin, polyacrylic acid, and polyurethane, show similar high-fidelity imprinting capabilities. Different procedures enable accurate relief replication for features with modest aspect ratios and dimensions of /spl sim/10 nm. The results indicate that choice of processing conditions is, in addition to materials selections, extremely important in achieving high-fidelity soft nanoimprint lithography in the 1-10-nm regime.
Prognostic Significance of Microvascular Obstruction by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction (1998)

After infarction, MRI-determined microvascular obstruction predicts more frequent cardiovascular complications. In addition, infarct size determined by MRI also relates directly to long-term prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Moreover, microvascular status remains a strong prognostic marker even after control for infarct size.
Genomic Profiling Reveals Alternative Genetic Pathways of Prostate Tumorigenesis (2007)

Prostate cancer is clinically heterogeneous, ranging from indolent to lethal disease. Expression profiling previously defined three subtypes of prostate cancer, one (subtype-1) linked to clinically favorable behavior, and the others (subtypes-2 and -3) linked with a more aggressive form of the disease. To explore disease heterogeneity at the genomic level, we carried out array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) on 64 prostate tumor specimens, including 55 primary tumors and 9 pelvic lymph node metastases. Unsupervised cluster analysis of DNA copy number alterations (CNA) identified recurrent aberrations, including a 6q15-deletion group associated with subtype-1 gene expression patterns and decreased tumor recurrence. Supervised analysis further disclosed distinct patterns of CNA among gene-expression subtypes, where subtype-1 tumors exhibited characteristic deletions at 5q21 and 6q15, and subtype-2 cases harbored deletions at 8p21 (NKX3-1) and 21q22 (resulting in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion). Lymph node metastases, predominantly subtype-3, displayed overall higher frequencies of CNA, and in particular gains at 8q24 (MYC) and 16p13, and loss at 10q23 (PTEN) and 16q23. Our findings reveal that prostate cancers develop via a limited number of alternative preferred genetic pathways. The resultant molecular genetic subtypes provide a new framework for investigating prostate cancer biology and explain in part the clinical heterogeneity of the disease.
STUDY ON THE OPTIMAL GROWING CONDITIONS OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS IN BUBBLE COLUMN PHOTOBIOREACTORS (2010)

Abstract preview not available - see full-text PDF article.
Real-Time Hyperbola Recognition and Fitting in GPR Data (2016)

The problem of automatically recognizing and fitting hyperbolae from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) images is addressed, and a novel technique computationally suitable for real-time on-site application is proposed. After preprocessing of the input GPR images, a novel thresholding method is applied to separate the regions of interest from background. A novel column-connection clustering (C3) algorithm is then applied to separate the regions of interest from each other. Subsequently, a machine learnt model is applied to identify hyperbolic signatures from outputs of the C3 algorithm, and a hyperbola is fitted to each such signature with an orthogonal-distance hyperbola fitting algorithm. The novel clustering algorithm C3 is a central component of the proposed system, which enables the identification of hyperbolic signatures and hyperbola fitting. Only two features are used in the machine learning algorithm, which is easy to train using a small set of training data. An orthogonal-distance hyperbola fitting algorithm for “south-opening” hyperbolae is introduced in this work, which is more robust and accurate than algebraic hyperbola fitting algorithms. The proposed method can successfully recognize and fit hyperbolic signatures with intersections with others, hyperbolic signatures with distortions, and incomplete hyperbolic signatures with one leg fully or largely missed. As an additional novel contribution, formulas to compute an initial “south-opening” hyperbola directly from a set of given points are derived, which make the system more efficient. The parameters obtained by fitting hyperbolae to hyperbolic signatures are very important features; they can be used to estimate the location and size of the related target objects and the average propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave in the medium. The effectiveness of the proposed system is tested on both synthetic and real GPR data.
Evidence for Linkage Between Asthma/Atopy in Childhood and Chromosome 5q31-q33 in a Japanese Population (1997)

Susceptibility to the development of asthma and other atopic diseases is known to be associated with genetic components, and several candidate genes have been reported to be linked to atopy in Caucasian populations. We conducted a study of linkage between asthma and markers on chromosomes 5q31-q33 and 11q13 in 68 Japanese families (306 members) by affected sib-pair analysis. Families for the linkage study were ascertained through asthmatic children visiting the allergy clinic. The results provide supportive evidence for linkage between asthma and gene markers in or near the interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene, the IL-9 gene, and D5S393 on chromosome 5q31-q33 (p = 0.0013, p = 0.018, and p = 0.0077, respectively). Linkage between atopic phenotype and these genetic markers was also suggested (p = 0.006, p = 0.01, and p < 0.0001 for atopy, respectively). However, we failed to find evidence for linkage of asthma or atopy to the IgE high-affinity receptor gene on 11q13 (p > 0.1). These findings indicate that beyond ethnicity, there are specific loci that contribute to susceptibility to atopy on chromosome 5q31-q33. In addition, our findings suggest that loci on chromosome 5q31-q33 are linked to the development of asthma in childhood.
Visualization's new tack: making sense of information (1995)

People constantly deal with nonnumeric information that has no correspondence to actual physical space. The authors describe how vast abstract hierarchies, networks, and relationships within text-including the World Wide Web itself-demand a new way of designing visualization tools.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hyperspectral endmember detection and unmixing based on linear programming (2004)

Linear spectral unmixing is a technique to reveal the subpixel information, such as the number of endmembers in the image scene, endmember spectra, and endmember abundance fractions. Many linear spectral unmixing algorithms convert the unmixing problem into constrained linear systems (2). In this paper, we summarize and classify these algorithms, based on whether the constraints on endmember fractions are considered and whether the priori endmember spectra are required. Then we propose a new linear spectral unmixing algorithm, which is based on linear programming of optimization. The proposed algorithm formulates the linear spectral unmixing as a constrained minimization problem, which includes an objective function and a set of constraint functions. The objective function represents the difference of the image pixel spectra and the computed spectra. By minimizing the objective function while considering the constraints, we obtain an optimal solution to the linear spectral unmixing problem, which represents the endmember fractions. For algorithm validation, we use both simulated hyperspectral data, created from field spectrometer measurements (3) and real hyperspectral data of Hyperion, which were acquired over the Greater Victoria Watershed (GVWD).
The Development of Advanced Hydroelectric Turbines to Improve Fish Passage Survival (2001)

Recent efforts to improve the survival of hydroelectric turbine-passed juvenile fish have explored modifications to both operation and design of the turbines. Much of this research is being carried out by power producers in the Columbia River basin (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the public utility districts), while the development of low-impact turbines is being pursued on a national scale by the U.S. Department of Energy. Fisheries managers are involved in all aspects of these efforts. Advanced versions of conventional Kaplan turbines are being installed and tested in the Columbia River basin, and a pilot scale version of a novel turbine concept is undergoing laboratory testing. Field studies in the last few years have shown that improvements in the design of conventional turbines have increased the survival of juvenile fish. There is still much to be learned about the causes and extent of injuries in the turbine system (including the draft tube and tailrace), as well as the significance of indirect mortality and the effects of turbine passage on adult fish. However, improvements in turbine design and operation, as well as new field, laboratory, and modeling techniques to assess turbine-passage survival, are contributing toward resolution of the downstream fish passage issue at hydroelectric power plants.
Structural characterization of a human Fc fragment engineered for lack of effector functions (2008)

The first three-dimensional structure of a human Fc fragment genetically engineered for the elimination of its ability to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity is reported. When introduced into the lower hinge and CH2 domain of human IgG1 molecules, the triple mutation L234F/L235E/P331S ('TM') causes a profound decrease in their binding to human CD64, CD32A, CD16 and C1q. Enzymatically produced Fc/TM fragment was crystallized and its structure was solved at a resolution of 2.3 A using molecular replacement. This study revealed that the three-dimensional structure of Fc/TM is very similar to those of other human Fc fragments in the experimentally visible region spanning residues 236-445. Thus, the dramatic broad-ranging effects of TM on IgG binding to several effector molecules cannot be explained in terms of major structural rearrangements in this portion of the Fc.
Three-Dimensional Mapping of Optimal Left Ventricular Pacing Site for Cardiac Resynchronization (2007)

In hearts with delayed lateral contraction, optimized CRT is achieved over a fairly broad area of LV lateral wall in both nonfailing and failing hearts, with modest anterior or posterior deviation still capable of providing effective CRT. Sites selected to achieve the most mechanical synchrony are generally similar to those that most improve global function, confirming a key assumption underlying the use of wall motion analysis to optimize CRT.
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition strategies in oncology (2004)

Molecular targeting strategies for cancer therapy are distinct from conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy in their potential to provide increased tumor specificity. One particular molecular target of high promise in oncology is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The EGFR is overexpressed, dysregulated or mutated in many epithelial malignancies, and EGFR activation appears important in tumor growth and progression. Advances in signal transduction biology continue to sharpen our understanding regarding specific contributions of EGFR signaling networks to cancer behavior. Two predominant classes of EGFR inhibitors have been developed including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the extracellular domain of EGFR, such as cetuximab (Erbitux), and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the receptor catalytic domain of EGFR, such as gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva). Mechanisms of action for EGFR inhibitors have been investigated in preclinical model systems. Safety, activity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have been assessed in clinical trials. The anti-EGFR mAbs and TKIs have partially overlapping toxicity profiles, but distinct routes of administration, serum half-lives and therefore dosing schedules. Both classes of agents show clear antitumor activity, and cetuximab and gefitinib have been recently FDA approved for colorectal and lung cancer indications respectively. However, the absence of survival benefit for EGFR TKIs in combination with chemotherapy in large-scale phase III lung cancer trials in 2003 underscores a major challenge in anti-EGFR oncology therapeutics; namely to identify those tumors and patients that will respond predictably to EGFR inhibitor approaches. Newly identified mutations in the EGFR catalytic domain that appear to confer sensitivity to EGFR TKIs promise to open new doors of investigation regarding response prediction. Advances will also require enhanced molecular understanding of the overall EGFR signaling network, and improved methods to gauge the dependence of individual tumors on EGFR signaling pathways for growth advantage. Results from newly reported phase III trials in 2004 now confirm a survival advantage for the use of EGFR inhibitors in combination with high-dose radiation in head and neck cancer, and in refractory lung cancer respectively. It appears likely that EGFR inhibitors (and other rationally designed molecular growth inhibitors) will play a meaningful role in cancer therapy in the years to come.
Phytochrome assembly. The structure and biological activity of 2(R),3(E)-phytochromobilin derived from phycobiliproteins. (1992)

The unicellular rhodophyte, Porphyridium cruentum, and the filamentous cyanobacterium, Calothrix sp. PCC 7601, contain phycobiliproteins that have covalently bound phycobilin chromophores. Overnight incubation of solvent-extracted cells at 40 degrees C with methanol liberates free phycobilins that are derived from the protein-bound bilins by methanolytic cleavage of the thioether linkages between bilin and apoprotein. Two of the free bilins were identified as 3(E)-phycocyanobilin and 3(E)-phycoerythrombilin by comparative spectrophotometry and high pressure liquid chromatography. Methanolysis also yields a third bilin free acid whose absorption and 1H NMR spectra support the assignment of the 3(E)-phytochromobilin structure. This novel bilin is the major pigment isolated from cells that are pre-extracted with acetone-containing solvents. Since phytochrome- or phytochromobilin-containing proteins are not present in either organism, the 3(E)-phytochromobilin must arise by oxidation of phycobilin chromophores. This pigment is not obtained by similar treatment of a cyanobacterium and a rhodophyte that lack phycoerythrin. Therefore, 3(E)-phytochromobilin appears to be derived from phycoerythrobilin-containing proteins. Comparative CD spectroscopy of 3(E)-phytochrombilin and 3(E)-phycocyanobilin suggests that the two bilins share the R stereochemistry at the 2-position in the reduced pyrrole ring. Incubation of 2(R),3(E)-phytochromobilin with recombinant oat apophytochrome yields a covalent bilin adduct that is photoactive and spectrally indistinguishable from native oat phytochrome isolated from etiolated seedlings. These results establish that the phycobiliprotein-derived 2(R),3(E)-phytochromobilin is a biologically active phytochrome chromophore precursor.
Electrically conductive semiinterpenetrating polymer networks of poly(3-octylthiophene) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrically conductive semiinterpenetrating polymer networks of poly(3-octylthiophene)Yading Wang and M. F. RubnerCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 12, 3284–3290Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00038a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00038a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views263Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ricinoleic acid biosynthesis and triacylglycerol assembly in microsomal preparations from developing castor-bean (Ricinus communis) endosperm (1991)

Microsomal membrane preparations from the developing endosperm of castor bean (Ricinus communis) catalysed the transfer of oleate from [14C]oleoyl-CoA to phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). In the presence of NADH, radioactive ricinoleate (12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate) was synthesized from [14C]oleate, and this was largely recovered in PtdCho and as free fatty acid. The addition of unlabelled ricinoleoyl-CoA to these incubation mixtures did not increase the low [14C]ricinoleate concentration found in the acyl-CoA fraction nor decrease the [14C]ricinoleate concentration in PtdCho and free fatty acid, and thus no evidence was obtained for a hydroxylation with oleoyl-CoA as a substrate. The addition of NADH, necessary for the formation of ricinoleate, caused a decrease of the total radioactivity in PtdCho with a corresponding increase in the amount of label in free ricinoleic acid. This increase was due to the action of a phospholipase A, which released ricinoleic acid but not oleic acid from PtdCho. Such a phospholipase activity, attacking ricinoleoyl-PtdCho but not oleoyl-PtdCho, was also demonstrated in microsomal preparations from developing cotyledons of safflower and oil-seed rape. An analysis of the acyl groups at different positions in microsomal PtdCho of castor bean showed that ricinoleate was almost entirely associated with position sn-2. Likewise the [14C]ricinoleate in [14C]PtdCho formed after incubations with microsomal preparations with NADH and [14C]oleoyl-CoA resided in position sn-2 with none in position sn-1. In contrast, the [14C]linoleate formed by desaturation of [14C]oleoyl-PtdCho was present at both positions. In the presence of ATP, CoA and Mg2+, the ricinoleate acid released from PtdCho was activated to ricinoleoyl-CoA. The ricinoleoyl-CoA was an efficient acyl donor in the acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) to yield phosphatidic acid and triacylglycerols. In microsomal preparations incubated with an equimolar mixture of [14C]oleoyl-CoA and [14C]ricinoleoyl-CoA in the presence of Gro3P, only a minor amount of [14C]ricinoleate entered PtdCho, and this was believed to be via the exchange of phosphocholine groups between a diacylglycerol pool and the PtdCho. On the basis of our results, a scheme of ricinoleate formation and its incorporation into triacylglycerols in castor-bean endosperm is proposed.
Universal Dependency Annotation for Multilingual Parsing (2013)

We present a new collection of treebanks with homogeneous syntactic dependency annotation for six languages: German, English, Swedish, Spanish, French and Korean. To show the usefulness of such a resource, we present a case study of crosslingual transfer parsing with more reliable evaluation than has been possible before. This ‘universal ’ treebank is made freely available in order to facilitate research on multilingual dependency parsing. 1 1
Cardioprotective and Vasodilatory Actions of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Are Mediated Through Both Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor–Dependent and –Independent Pathways (2008)

These data describe cardioprotective actions of GLP-1(7-36) mediated through the known GLP-1R and novel cardiac and vascular actions of GLP-1(7-36) and its metabolite GLP-1(9-36) independent of the known GLP-1R. Our data suggest that the extent to which GLP-1 is metabolized to GLP-1(9-36) may have functional implications in the cardiovascular system.
Microfabrication and characteristics of magnetic thin-film inductors in the ultrahigh frequency region (1999)

Thin-film inductors for 1 GHz-drive mobile communication handset application has been demonstrated. This is the possible practical application of soft magnetic films in 1 GHz range. Fe61Al13O26 with Ms=1.2 T, ρ=500 μΩ cm, fr=2 GHz were used for the inductors. L=7.6 nH, R=6.5 Ω, and Q=7.4 were obtained at 1 GHz in a 370 μm×370 μm square four turn spiral of line/space=11 μm/11 μm covered with 0.1-μm-thick slitted Fe61Al13O26 film with Cr underlayer. The L was increased over the flux saturated inductor by 8.6% without any degrade of quality factor.
Consideration of chip circuit damage on DCS-FBGA packages (2003)

Laminate type FBGA package is one of the advanced solutions of economic chip scale package, effective for applications that require low profile and small area as cellular phones or hand held products. IBM stared to use an advanced package, DCS (Dual Chip Stacked)-FBGA, to obtain higher communication rate between dual semiconductor chips into one package, which were originally placed on different packages on wider space cards. During the development stage two subjects were concerned as, damage on the bottom-chip circuits under the top-chip placement region, and the reliability impacts. The top and bottom chip size combination in DCS-FBGA has a large difference ratio comparing to memory chips stack type packages, which is applied widely in the industry. Assessment studies on different CTE materials, chip thickness, construction, attachment methods, and reliability performances were analyzed. The result was validated by experiments to monitor the contact resistance discrepancy on the chip. To minimize these impacts, we confirmed the correlation between chip attach technique and mechanical reliability. This paper contains details of the phenomenon, solutions and effectiveness.