gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biocompatible Magnetofluorescent Probes: Luminescent Silicon Quantum Dots Coupled with Superparamagnetic Iron(III) Oxide (2010)

Luminescent silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) are gaining momentum in bioimaging applications, based on their unique combination of optical properties and biocompatibility. Here, we report the development of a multimodal probe that combines the optical properties of silicon quantum dots with the superparamagnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles to create biocompatible magnetofluorescent nanoprobes. Multiple nanoparticles of each type are coencapsulated within the hydrophobic core of biocompatible phospholipid-polyethyleneglycol (DSPE-PEG) micelles. The size distribution and composition of the magnetofluorescent nanoprobes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Enhanced cellular uptake of these probes in the presence of a magnetic field was demonstrated in vitro. Their luminescence stability in a prostate cancer tumor model microenvironment was demonstrated in vivo. This paves the way for multimodal silicon quantum-dot-based nanoplatforms for a variety of imaging and delivery applications.
Epidemiology of myeloproliferative neoplasms in the United States (2013)

Myelofibrosis (MF), polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are three classic BCR ABL fusion gene-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Though rare, it is important to understand the burden of illness of these disorders for public health planning, healthcare insurers and pharmaceutical manufacturers. Therefore, we have described the incidence of MF and prevalence of MF, ET and PV in the United States between 2008 and 2010 based on data from two large health plans. The incidence of primary MF was about 1 per 100 000 per year and did not vary over the study years. The prevalence of PV (44-57 per 100 000) and ET (38-57 per 100 000) was much higher than that of MF (4-6 per 100 000) or subgroups containing MF (post-PV MF = 0.3-0.7 per 100 000; post-ET MF = 0.5-1.1 per 100 000). Additional research using other national databases and/or study designs is needed to substantiate these findings.
An epigenomic approach to therapy for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer (2014)

Tamoxifen has been a frontline treatment for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast tumors in premenopausal women. However, resistance to tamoxifen occurs in many patients. ER still plays a critical role in the growth of breast cancer cells with acquired tamoxifen resistance, suggesting that ERα remains a valid target for treatment of tamoxifen-resistant (Tam-R) breast cancer. In an effort to identify novel regulators of ERα signaling, through a small-scale siRNA screen against histone methyl modifiers, we found WHSC1, a histone H3K36 methyltransferase, as a positive regulator of ERα signaling in breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that WHSC1 is recruited to the ERα gene by the BET protein BRD3/4, and facilitates ERα gene expression. The small-molecule BET protein inhibitor JQ1 potently suppressed the classic ERα signaling pathway and the growth of Tam-R breast cancer cells in culture. Using a Tam-R breast cancer xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated in vivo anti-breast cancer activity by JQ1 and a strong long-lasting effect of combination therapy with JQ1 and the ER degrader fulvestrant. Taken together, we provide evidence that the epigenomic proteins BRD3/4 and WHSC1 are essential regulators of estrogen receptor signaling and are novel therapeutic targets for treatment of Tam-R breast cancer.
Blazed Holographic Gratings (1979)

Different techniques for blazing holographic diffraction gratings are compared. Sinusoidal, Sheridon and Fourier blaze are treated. The blaze-wavelength-groove-density combinations possible for each of these different methods are presented as regions in the wavelength-groove-density plane. The superiority of Fourier blaze, as long as more than two orders propagate, is demonstrated. The technique for making Fourier blazed gratings is explained in detail. Theoretical and measured efficiency curves for Fourier blazed gratings are presented and compared to efficiency curves of ruled echelette and sinusoidal gratings.
Pattern Transfer using Step&Stamp Imprint Lithography (2003)

Industrially efficient lithography process requires high throughput production, wafer scale patterning capable of handling wafers up to 8 inches. Nanoimprint lithography is a new candidate for patterning below 100 nm range. There are two methods to do large area imprinting: Wafer size parallel imprinting or sequential imprinting, mimicking the operation of an optical stepper. The step&stamp imprint lithography is a sequential printing method developed for patterning large areas using a small patterned stamp. A commercial flip chip bonder is used to demonstrate the process. A small silicon stamp with size of 3 × 3 mm2 was used as a mold to create test patterns on a silicon wafer. The stamp was patterned using optical lithography and dry etching, and contained test structures of 5 µm grid patterns. New thermoplastic polymers mr-I 8000, developed for imprint lithography, were used in the experiments.
Cyclocondensation of 6‐acetyl‐4,7‐dihydro‐5‐methyl‐7‐phenyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine with hydroxylamine and hydrazine (1998)

Abstract The cyclocondensation of 6‐acetyl‐4,7‐dihydro‐5‐methyl‐7‐phenyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐ a ]pyrimidine (3) with hydroxylamine or hydrazine leads to 3a,4,9,9a‐tetrahydro‐3,9a‐dimethyl‐4‐phenylisoxazolo‐[5,4‐ d ][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐ a ]pyrimidine ( 4a ) and 3a,4,9,9a‐tetrahydro‐3,9a‐dimethyl‐4‐phenyl‐1 H ‐pyrazolo[3,4‐ d ][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐ a ]pyrimidine ( 4b ), respectively. In the presence of methanolic hydrogen chloride, 4b undergoes a cleavage of the pyrimidine ring to yield (5‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐4‐yl)phenylmethane ( 5 ). The structure determination of the compounds obtained is based on 1 H and 13 C nmr spectra including NOE measurements.
Adsorption characteristics of proteins on calcium phosphates using liquid chromatography (2001)

The adsorption characteristics of various proteins on beta-Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) (beta-TCP), CaHPO(4). 2H(2)O (DCPD) and CaHPO(4) (DCPA) have been investigated using liquid chromatography. Acidic proteins were eluted from these calcium phosphate surfaces by potassium phosphate buffer (KP) but not by KCl and MgCl(2), whereas basic proteins were eluted by all three eluents. Such elution behavior can be interpreted by considering two kinds of adsorbing sites on the calcium phosphates, namely positively charged sites (Ca sites) which adsorb acidic proteins, and negatively charged sites (P sites) which adsorb basic proteins. A similar behavior has also been observed on Ca(10)(PO(4))(6)(OH)(2) (HAp) and Ca(8)H(2)(PO(4))(6). 5H(2)O (OCP). The order of the ratios of Ca-to-P sites was estimated to be DCPD > OCP > HAp >> DCPA >> beta-TCP, which is in agreement with the order of the surface zeta potentials. In addition, the (0k0) surface of DCPD is suggested to consist mainly of Ca sites. The total number of Ca sites on beta-TCP is thought to be significantly smaller than the other calcium phosphates.
Targeted Therapy Resistance Mediated by Dynamic Regulation of Extrachromosomal Mutant EGFR DNA (2013)

Intratumoral heterogeneity contributes to cancer drug resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Single-cell analyses of patient-derived models and clinical samples from glioblastoma patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) demonstrate that tumor cells reversibly up-regulate or suppress mutant EGFR expression, conferring distinct cellular phenotypes to reach an optimal equilibrium for growth. Resistance to EGFR TKIs is shown to occur by elimination of mutant EGFR from extrachromosomal DNA. After drug withdrawal, reemergence of clonal EGFR mutations on extrachromosomal DNA follows. These results indicate a highly specific, dynamic, and adaptive route by which cancers can evade therapies that target oncogenes maintained on extrachromosomal DNA.
A role for the TTX-resistant sodium channel Nav 1.8 in NGF-induced hyperalgesia, but not neuropathic pain (2001)

The tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel Nav 1.8 is expressed only in nociceptive sensory neurons. This channel has been proposed to contribute significantly to the sensitization of primary sensory neurons after injury. We have studied the nociceptive behaviours of mice carrying a null mutation in the Nav 1.8 gene (Nav 1.8 -/-) in models of peripheral inflammation as well as a model of neuropathic pain. The results from the present studies reveal that Nav 1.8 is a necessary mediator of NGF-induced thermal hyperalgesia but is not essential for PGE2-evoked hypersensitivity. Neuropathic pain behaviours were unchanged in Nav 1.8 -/- mice indicating that this channel is not involved in the alteration of sensory thresholds following peripheral nerve injury.
Ultra-compact silicon photonic integrated interferometer for swept-source optical coherence tomography (2014)

We demonstrate an ultra-compact silicon integrated photonic interferometer for swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). The footprint of the integrated interferometer is only 0.75&#xD7;5&#x2009;&#x2009;mm2. The design consists of three 2&#xD7;2 splitters, a 13&#xA0;cm physical length (50.4&#xA0;cm optical length) reference arm, and grating couplers. The photonic integrated circuit was used as the interferometer of an SS-OCT system. The sensitivity of the system was measured to be &#x2212;62&#x2009;&#x2009;dB with 115&#xA0;&#x3BC;W power delivered to the sample. Using the system, we demonstrate cross-sectional OCT imaging of a layered tissue phantom. We also discuss potential improvements in passive silicon photonic integrated circuit design and integration with active components.
Loss of allelic heterozygosity at a second locus on chromosome 11 in sporadic Wilms' tumor cells. (1989)

Children with associated Wilms' tumor, aniridia, genitourinary malformations, and mental retardation (WAGR syndrome) frequently have a cytogenetically visible germ line deletion of chromosomal band 11p13. In accordance with the Knudson hypothesis of two-hit carcinogenesis, the absence of this chromosomal band suggests that loss of both alleles of a gene at 11p13 causes Wilms' tumor. Consistent with this model, chromosomes from sporadically occurring Wilms' tumor cells frequently show loss of allelic heterozygosity at polymorphic 11p15 loci, and therefore it has been assumed that allelic loss extends proximally to include 11p13. We report here that in samples from five sporadic Wilms' tumors, allelic loss occurred distal to the WAGR locus on 11p13. In cells from one tumor, mitotic recombination occurred distal to the gamma-globin gene on 11p15.5. Thus, allelic loss in sporadic Wilms' tumor cells may involve a second locus on 11p.
Yersinia enterocolitica induces apoptosis in macrophages by a process requiring functional type III secretion and translocation mechanisms and involving YopP, presumably acting as an effector protein (1997)

Yersiniae, causative agents of plague and gastrointestinal diseases, secrete and translocate Yop effector proteins into the cytosol of macrophages, leading to disruption of host defense mechanisms. It is shown in this report that Yersinia enterocolitica induces apoptosis in macrophages and that this effect depends on YopP. Functional secretion and translocation mechanisms are required for YopP to act, strongly suggesting that this protein exerts its effect intracellularly, after translocation into the macrophages. YopP shows a high level of sequence similarity with AvrRxv, an avirulence protein from Xanthomonas campestris, a plant pathogen that induces programmed cell death in plant cells. This indicates possible similarities between the strategies used by pathogenic bacteria to elicit programmed cell death in both plant and animal hosts.
Advertising on the Internet (1997)

From the Publisher:
How today's most successful online advertisers and marketers maximize their online presence, and how you can too
This updated and expanded Second Edition of the bestselling guide to online advertising is must reading for everyone who wants to take advantage of the most important new advertising medium since television. A complete primer on online advertising for businesses of all sizes, it gets you up to speed on the crucial issues, hot new trends, and most effective new technologies in Internet advertising. Loaded with examples of some of today's most successful online advertising and marketing initiatives, it gives you the inside track on: *Successful online ad models *Market research online *Direct marketing, including opt-in e-mail, promotions, and sweepstakes *Targeting and personalization *Internet advertising management tools *Traffic measurement and gauging the effectiveness of your ads *Buying and selling ads on your Web site *Advertising locally *Advertising to an international market *Legal aspects of Internet advertising *How to advertise for free, or almost free (contributed by Eric Ward, the father of grassroots advertising strategies)
Inhibition of BRD4 attenuates tumor cell self-renewal and suppresses stem cell signaling in MYC driven medulloblastoma (2014)

Medulloblastoma is a pediatric brain tumor with a variable prognosis due to clinical and genomic heterogeneity. Among the 4 major genomic sub-groups, patients with MYC amplified tumors have a particularly poor prognosis despite therapy with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Targeting the MYC oncogene has traditionally been problematic. Here we report that MYC driven medulloblastoma can be targeted by inhibition of the bromodomain protein BRD4. We show that bromodomain inhibition with JQ1 restricts c-MYC driven transcriptional programs in medulloblastoma, suppresses medulloblastoma cell growth and induces a cell cycle arrest. Importantly JQ1 suppresses stem cell associated signaling in medulloblastoma cells and inhibits medulloblastoma tumor cell self-renewal. Additionally JQ1 also promotes senescence in medulloblastoma cells by activating cell cycle kinase inhibitors and inhibiting activity of E2F1. Furthermore BRD4 inhibition displayed an anti-proliferative, pro-senescence effect in a medulloblastoma model in vivo. In clinical samples we found that transcriptional programs suppressed by JQ1 are associated with adverse risk in medulloblastoma patients. Our work indicates that BRD4 inhibition attenuates stem cell signaling in MYC driven medulloblastoma and demonstrates the feasibility BET domain inhibition as a therapeutic approach in vivo.
Coding of Speech and Wideband Audio (1990)

Advances in coding algorithms and digital signal processing have led to sophisticated technologies for speech communication for a variety of applications, as well as to greater flexibilities in the design of ISDN terminals for integrated communication of speech, images, and data. For traditional telephony with a signal bandwidth of 3.2 kHz, the transmission rate for network-quality speech is now down to 16 kb/s. Robust communications-quality speech appropriate for cellular radio has been realized at 8 kb/s. Research attention is shifting toward 4 kb/s, focused on improving speaker identification and the naturalness of coded speech. For wideband audio with a signal bandwidth of 7 kHz, high-quality coding is now possible at 32 kb/s, which implies stereo teleconferencing or dual-language programming over a 64-kb/s channel. Transparent coding of 20-kHz audio has been demonstrated at 128 kb/s, with near-transparent performance at rates as low as 64 kb/s for some classes of signals.
Glucose sensors: a review of current and emerging technology (2008)

Glucose monitoring technology has been used in the management of diabetes for three decades. Traditional devices use enzymatic methods to measure glucose concentration and provide point sample information. More recently continuous glucose monitoring devices have become available providing more detailed data on glucose excursions. In future applications the continuous glucose sensor may become a critical component of the closed loop insulin delivery system and, as such, must be selective, rapid, predictable and acceptable for continuous patient use. Many potential sensing modalities are being pursued including optical and transdermal techniques. This review aims to summarize existing technology, the methods for assessing glucose sensing devices and provide an overview of emergent sensing modalities.
The Reaction of Formic Acid with Carbohydrates. II. Polysaccharides: A New Method for Determining Accessibility. (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Formic Acid with Carbohydrates. II. Polysaccharides: A New Method for Determining Accessibility.Harold Tarkow and Alfred J. StammCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1952, 56, 2, 266–271Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/j150494a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (539 KB) Get e-Alerts
CIAP1 and the serine protease HTRA2 are involved in a novel p53-dependent apoptosis pathway in mammals (2003)

Recently a Drosophila p53 protein has been identified that mediates apoptosis via a novel pathway involving the activation of the Reaper gene and subsequent inhibition of the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs). The present study found that CIAP1, a major mammalian homolog of Drosophila IAPs, is irreversibly inhibited (cleaved) during p53-dependent apoptosis and this cleavage is mediated by a serine protease. Serine protease inhibitors that block CIAP1 cleavage inhibit p53-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, activation of the p53 protein increases the transcription of the HTRA2 gene, which encodes a serine protease that interacts with CIAP1 and potentiates apoptosis. These results demonstrate that the mammalian p53 protein may activate apoptosis through a novel pathway functionally similar to that in Drosophila, which involves HTRA2 and subsequent inhibition of CIAP1 by cleavage.
Inhibitor of histone deacetylation, depsipeptide (FR901228), in the treatment of peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a case report (2001)

Depsipeptide, FR901228, has demonstrated potent in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activity against murine and human tumor cell lines. In the laboratory, it has been shown to be a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. In a phase I trial of depsipeptide conducted at the National Cancer Institute, 3 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma had a partial response, and 1 patient with peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified, had a complete response. Sézary cells isolated from patients after treatment had increased histone acetylation. These results suggest that inhibition of HDAC is a novel and potentially effective therapy for patients with T-cell lymphoma.
A note on the confinement problem (1973)

onfining a program during its execution so that it cannot transmit information to any other program except its caller. A set of examples attempts to stake out the boundaries of the problem. Necessary conditions for a solution are stated and informally justified.
Development and Characterization of Bovine × Human Hybrid Cell Lines That Efficiently Support the Replication of both Wild-Type Bovine and Human Adenoviruses and Those with E1 Deleted (2002)

The 293 cell line that was generated by transforming human embryonic kidney cells with human adenovirus type 5 (HAV5) early region 1 (E1) sequences is an excellent host for generating and growing HAV5 recombinants with E1 deleted, but it does not support the replication of bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV3). Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), an established bovine cell line, is an excellent host for growing and plaquing BAV3. For the purpose of combining the unique characteristics of these two cell lines (293 and MDBK), we generated a number of bovine x human hybrid (BHH) cell lines. Comparison of three BHH hybrid clones-BHH3, BHH8, and BHH2C-with 293-Puro (puromycin-resistant 293 cells) and MDBK-Neo (G418-resistant MDBK cells) cell lines for total cellular DNA content, species-specific surface markers, isoenzyme analysis, and karyotyping indicate that they are hybrid in nature. BHH clones constitutively expressed the E1 proteins (E1A, E1B-21kDa, and E1B-55kDa) of HAV5 and efficiently supported the replication of both wild-type and replication-incompetent bovine or human adenoviruses. Transient gene expression experiments with a plasmid encoding the bacterial beta-galactosidase gene demonstrated that BHH cell hybrids seem to have better transfection efficiencies than either of the parental cell lines. These cell lines will be useful for isolating and growing replication-competent human or bovine adenovirus recombinants with E1 deleted and for the study of cellular or viral factors important for viral replication. The development of somatic cell hybrids appears to be a simple way of combining some of the desirable characteristics present separately in two parental cell lines.
Field Computation by Moment Methods (1993)

"An IEEE reprinting of this classic 1968 edition, FIELD COMPUTATION BY MOMENT METHODS is the first book to explore the computation of electromagnetic fields by the most popular method for the numerical solution to electromagnetic field problems. It presents a unified approach to moment methods by employing the concepts of linear spaces and functional analysis. Written especially for those who have a minimal amount of experience in electromagnetic theory, this book illustrates theoretical and mathematical concepts to prepare all readers with the skills they need to apply the method of moments to new, engineering-related problems. Written especially for those who have a minimal amount of experience in electromagnetic theory, theoretical and mathematical concepts are illustrated by examples that prepare all readers with the skills they need to apply the method of moments to new, engineering-related problems."