gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in brain metabolites related to stress resilience: Metabolomic analysis of the hippocampus in a rat model of depression (2018)

The ability to cope successfully with stress is known as 'resilience', and those with resilience are not prone to developing depression. One preclinical animal model for depression is the chronic mild stress (CMS) model. There are CMS-resilient (do not manifest anhedonia) and CMS-susceptible (manifest anhedonia) rats. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the profiles of hippocampal metabolites between susceptible and resilient rats, and to identify a biomarker that can distinguish the two. We divided stress-loaded rats into susceptible and resilient types based on their sucrose preference values. We then conducted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) quantification and metabolomic analysis in the hippocampus. Compared to the controls, no significant differences were observed in the hippocampal BDNF levels of susceptible and resilient rats. However, the control rats were clearly distinguishable from the susceptible rats in terms of their brain metabolite profiles; the control rats were difficult to distinguish from the resilient rats. CMS model rats showed an increase in the levels of N-acetylaspartate and glutamate, and a decrease in the levels of aspartate and γ-aminobutyric acid in the hippocampus. Of the 12 metabolites measured in the present study, N-acetylaspartate was the only one that could differentiate the three types (control, susceptible, and resilient) of rats. Thus, brain metabolomic analyses can not only distinguish CMS model rats from control rats, but also indicate stress susceptibility. The variation in the levels of N-acetylaspartate in the hippocampus of control, resilient, and susceptible rats demonstrated that it could be a biomarker for stress susceptibility.
NBR1 interacts with fasciculation and elongation protein zeta‐1 (FEZ1) and calcium and integrin binding protein (CIB) and shows developmentally restricted expression in the neural tube (2002)

NBR1 (named as next to BRCA1) was originally cloned as a candidate gene for the ovarian cancer antigen CA125, using expression cloning with the anti-CA125 Ig, OC125. NBR1 has been of interest due to its position close to BRCA1, although no involvement in breast or ovarian cancer has been demonstrated. Recently, the antigen CA125 has been cloned, and identified as a new mucin, MUC16, entirely different from NBR1. The function of NBR1 remains unknown. To investigate its function, a yeast two-hybrid study was performed to identify interacting protein partners that may reflect a biological role for this protein. Here, we show that NBR1 interacts with two proteins; fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 (FEZ1), a PKCzeta interacting protein, and calcium and integrin binding protein (CIB), which is associated with polo-like kinases Fnk/Snk and the Alzheimer's disease presenilin 2 protein. Co-transfection of FEZ1 and NBR1 showed overlapping localization in the cytoplasm, whereas coexpression of NBR1 and CIB resulted in a shift of CIB protein expression from the nucleus to the perinuclear compartment. FEZ1 is highly expressed in the brain and in situ hybridization analysis of Nbr1 showed that its expression is also regulated in the murine brain during development. These data suggest that NBR1 may function, through interaction with CIB and FEZ1 in cell signalling pathways, with a developmentally restricted expression suggesting a possible role in neural development.
Oxidation of Elemental Sulfur by Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (1973)

Oxidation of elemental sulfur by Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, an autotroph which grows at high temperatures and low pH, was examined by use of (35)S-labeled elemental sulfur. When cultured at pH 3.2 and 70 C, S. acidocaldarius oxidized elemental sulfur essentially quantitatively to sulfuric acid. Oxidation rate paralleled growth rate and decrease in pH of the culture medium. Elemental sulfur was not oxidized under these conditions if the culture was poisoned with formaldehyde. During the growth phase, the proportion of cells attached to the sulfur crystals increased progressively, and in the later phases of growth over 10 times more cells were attached to sulfur than were free. Doubling times for eight strains growing on elemental sulfur varied from 37 to 55 h. The organism grows much more rapidly on yeast extract than on sulfur. In a medium containing both sulfur and yeast extract, sulfur oxidation was partially inhibited, although growth was excellent.
Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. (1991)

This updated and expanded edition now offers 297 chapters that cover the basic principles of diagnosis and management, major clinical syndromes, all important pathogenic microbes and the diseases they cause, plus a number of specialised topics useful to the practitioner. It contains 24 totally-new chapters, offers a whole section on AIDS with seven chapters and a chapter Microsporidium Disease, which deals with a new disease just discovered because of AIDS. The text is designed for clinical pathologists, microbiologists, virologists, medical scientists, mycologists, allergists, general practitioners and lecturers of medicine.
A circulation control actuator for flapless flight control (2008)

Trailing edge blowing over a Coanda surface has been utilised as a circulation control mechanism for increasing the lift of an aircraft wing. Typically, high energy air is blown from a narrow spanwise slot over the rounded trailing edge of a wing and the air supply is modulated to effect a degree of lift control on the wing. This configuration produces an aerodynamic force in a uni-directional sense only. An alternative novel flow control actuator is described which utilises a simple variable geometry Coanda surface with upper and lower spanwise blowing slots to achieve fully proportional bi-directional control in the manner of a conventional flap. A prototype device has been wind-tunnel tested and is shown to have substantially linear response characteristics and to be as efficient as an equivalent flap surface. The performance of a flow control actuator suitable for small UAV applications is described.
Efficient algorithm for estimating the correlation dimension from a set of discrete points (1987)

We present an algorithm which computes the standard Grassberger-Procaccia correlation dimension of a strange attractor from a finite sample of N points on the attractor. The usual algorithm involves measuring the distances between all pairs of points on the attractor, but then discarding those distances greater than some cutoff ${r}_{0}$. Our idea is to avoid computing those larger distances altogether. This is done with a spatial grid of boxes (each of size ${r}_{0}$) into which the points are organized. By computing distances between pairs of points only if those points are in the same or in adjacent boxes, we get all the distances less than ${r}_{0}$ and avoid computing many of the larger distances. The execution time for the algorithm depends on the choice of ${r}_{0}$, the smaller ${r}_{0}$, the fewer distances to calculate, and in general the shorter the run time. The minimum time scales as O(NlogN); this compares with the O(${N}^{2}$) time that is usually required. Using this algorithm, we have obtained speedup factors of up to a thousand over the usual method.
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling and N-Cadherin Related β-Catenin Signaling Play a Role in Mechanically Induced Osteogenic Cell Fate (2009)

We propose that the mechanical microenvironment of bone has the potential to regulate osteogenic differentiation by initiating multiple key molecular pathways that are essential for such lineage commitment. Specifically, non-canonical Wnt5a signaling involving Ror2 and RhoA as well as N-cadherin mediated beta-catenin signaling are necessary for mechanically induced osteogenic differentiation.
Early Media and Ringing Tone Generation in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (2004)

This document describes how to manage early media in the Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) using two models: the gateway model and the
application server model. It also describes the inputs one needs to
consider in defining local policies for ringing tone generation. This
memo provides information for the Internet community.
Quantitative Evaluation of the X-Ray Diffraction of Ramie Fiber (1961)

A quantitative evaluation of the principal paratropic and diatropic interferences of ramie fiber is undertaken using a diffractometer technique with Geiger counter detection and strictly monochrotnatized radiation. The relative intensities of the main crystalline interferences have been measured and found to be in reasonable agreement with those calculated for the Andress lattice structure. Absolute values of the crystalline fraction however could not be derived from the present results.
RFID Handbook (2010)

Preface to the Third Edition List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Automatic Identification Systems 1.2 A Comparison of Different ID Systems 1.3 Components of an RFID System 2 Differentiation Features of RFID Systems 2.1 Fundamental Differentiation Features 2.2 Transponder Construction Formats 2.3 Frequency, Range and Coupling 2.4 Active and Passive Transponder 2.5 Information Processing in the Transponder 2.6 Selection Criteria for RFID Systems 3 Fundamental Operating Principles 3.1 1-Bit Transponder 3.2 Full- and Half-Duplex Procedure 3.3 Sequential Procedures 3.4 Near-Field Communication (NFC) 4 Physical Principles of RFID Systems 4.1 Magnetic Field 4.2 Electromagnetic Waves 4.3 Surface Waves 5 Frequency Ranges and Radio Licensing Regulations 5.1 Frequency Ranges Used 5.2 The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 5.3 European Licensing Regulations 5.4 National Licensing Regulations in Europe 5.5 National Licensing Regulations 5.6 Comparison of National Regulations 6 Coding and Modulation 6.1 Coding in the Baseband 6.2 Digital Modulation Procedures 7 Data Integrity 7.1 The Checksum Procedure 7.2 Multi-Access Procedures Anticollision 8 Security of RFID Systems 8.1 Attacks on RFID Systems 8.2 Protection by Cryptographic Measures 9 Standardisation 9.1 Animal Identification 9.2 Contactless Smart Cards 9.3 ISO/IEC 69873 Data Carriers for Tools and ClampingDevices 9.4 ISO/IEC 10374 Container Identification 9.5 VDI 4470 Anti-theft Systems for Goods 9.6 Item Management 10 The Architecture of Electronic Data Carriers 10.1 Transponder with Memory Function 10.2 Microprocessors 10.3 Memory Technology 10.4 Measuring Physical Variables 11 Readers 11.1 Data Flow in an Application 11.2 Components of a Reader 11.3 Integrated Reader ICs 11.4 Connection of Antennas for Inductive Systems 11.5 Reader Designs 11.6 Near-Field Communication 12 The Manufacture of Transponders and Contactless SmartCards 12.1 Glass and Plastic Transponders 12.2 Contactless Smart Cards 13 Example Applications 13.1 Contactless Smart Cards 13.2 Public Transport 13.3 Contactless Payment Systems 13.4 NFC Applications 13.5 Electronic Passport 13.6 Ski Tickets 13.7 Access Control 13.8 Transport Systems 13.9 Animal Identification 13.10 Electronic Immobilisation 13.11 Container Identification 13.12 Sporting Events 13.13 Industrial Automation 14 Appendix 14.1 Contact Addresses, Associations and TechnicalPeriodicals 14.2 Relevant Standards and Regulations 14.3 Printed Circuit Board Layouts References Index
Intracranial Aneurysms Treated With Endovascular Coils (2005)

TCCS could be used to selectively monitor IAs, which would reduce the requirement for long-term invasive monitoring. The detection of neck refilling is improved with contrast enhancement.
Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the antidepressant duloxetine and its enantiomer (2000)

Sodium borohydride reduction of 3-chloro-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanone gave the corresponding racemic alcohol which was kinetically resolved with lipase B from Candida antarctica as catalyst to yield the chiral building blocks (S)-3-chloro-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanol and the corresponding (R)-butanoate. The enantiopure chiral building blocks were converted into Duloxetine and its enantiomer.
Experiences in the search for anti-inflammatory agents of microbial origin. (1977)

Whole shaken cultures of 20 random, unidentified actinomycetes were extracted with n-butanol at pH 4.5, 7.0 and 8.5, respectively. Residues of butanol-extractable materials (BXM) were reconstituted (100X) in buffers and freeze-dried. BXM were surprisingly well tolerated in animals and were screened against influenza A viral pneumonia in mice. One culture yielded BXM-80 which suppressed both chemical (LPS) and viral (NDV) pneumonia in mice as well as inhibited rat foot pad edema induced by carrageenin. Aspirin, Butazolidin, hydrocortisone, indomethacin, and prednisolone, which are known to inhibit carrageenin-induced rat foot pad edema were tested against chemical (LPS) and viral (NDV) pneumonia in mice. Only hydrocortisone and prednisolone suppressed LPS pneumonia. All of these 5 compounds failed to inhibit NDV pneumonia. Microbial products are suggested as a source for new and unique anti-inflammatory agents.
Vitamin C prevents cigarette smoke-induced leukocyte aggregation and adhesion to endothelium in vivo. (1994)

A common feature of cigarette-smoke (CS)-associated diseases such as atherosclerosis and pulmonary emphysema is the activation, aggregation, and adhesion of leukocytes to micro- and macrovascular endothelium. A previous study, using a skinfold chamber model for intravital fluorescence microscopy in awake hamsters, has shown that exposure of hamsters to the smoke generated by one research cigarette elicits the adhesion of fluorescently labeled leukocytes to the endothelium of arterioles and small venules. By the combined use of intravital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we now demonstrate in the same animal model that (i) CS-induced leukocyte adhesion is not confined to the microcirculation, but that leukocytes also adhere singly and in clusters to the aortic endothelium; (ii) CS induces the formation in the bloodstream of aggregates between leukocytes and platelets; and (iii) CS-induced leukocyte adhesion to micro- and macrovascular endothelium and leukocyte-platelet aggregate formation are almost entirely prevented by dietary or intravenous pretreatment with the water-soluble antioxidant vitamin C (venules, 21.4 +/- 11.0 vs. 149.6 +/- 38.7 leukocytes per mm2, P < 0.01; arterioles, 8.5 +/- 4.2 vs. 54.3 +/- 21.6 leukocytes per mm2, P < 0.01; aortas, 0.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 12.4 +/- 5.6 leukocytes per mm2, P < 0.01; means +/- SD of n = 7 animals, 15 min after CS exposure). No inhibitory effect was observed by pretreatment of the animals with the lipid-soluble antioxidants vitamin E or probucol. The protective effects of vitamin C on CS-induced leukocyte adhesion and aggregation were seen at vitamin C plasma levels (55.6 +/- 22.2 microM, n = 7) that can easily be reached in humans by dietary means or supplementation, suggesting that vitamin C effectively contributes to protection from CS-associated cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases in humans.
Presence of genetic alterations in microdissected stroma of human colon and breast cancers. (2001)

Tumor cell-mesenchyme transitions are among the possible explanations for these findings and could actually occur during tumor invasion in vivo.
Vitronectin expression in differentiating neuroblastic tumors: integrin alpha v beta 5 mediates vitronectin-dependent adhesion of retinoic-acid-differentiated neuroblastoma cells. (1997)

The metastatic potential of undifferentiated neuroblastomas is typically lost when differentiation into ganglioneuroblastomas occurs spontaneously or is induced. Cell adhesion may play a role in metastasis, and we have shown recently that expression of integrin alpha v beta 5 protein and mRNA is up-regulated in ganglioneuroblastomas in vivo. To investigate whether interactions of alpha v beta 5 with matrix components play a role in the loss of metastatic potential, we used immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization to analyze neuroblastic tumors at various stages of differentiation for expression of the alpha v beta 5 ligands, vitronectin and osteopontin, and determined the ability of vitronectin to promote attachment and neurite outgrowth in vitro in a retinoic-acid-differentiated neuroblastoma cell model. We found that vitronectin, but not osteopontin, was expressed in 5 of 5 ganglioneuroblastomas but was absent or weakly expressed in 6 of 6 undifferentiated neuroblastomas. Neuronal cell vitronectin was detected in 7 of 9 ganglioneuromas, 5 of 8 peripheral ganglia, and 14 of 21 adrenal gland medullae, confirming expression of vitronectin in mature peripheral neurons. In vitro, vitronectin promoted attachment of both undifferentiated and retinoic-acid-differentiated neuroblastoma cells, which was inhibited 20 and 60%, respectively, by monoclonal antibody anti-integrin alpha v beta 5. Vitronectin-promoted neurite outgrowth of retinoic-acid-differentiated neuroblastoma cells was not inhibited by monoclonal antibody anti-alpha v beta 5. These data suggest that the synthesis of vitronectin and the ability of integrin alpha v beta 5 to mediate vitronectin adhesion on retinoic-acid-differentiated neuroblastoma cells may promote differentiation of neuroblastoma cells in vivo.
Toward Practical Gas Sensing with Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide: A New Signal Processing Method To Circumvent Run-to-Run and Device-to-Device Variations (2011)

Graphene is worth evaluating for chemical sensing and biosensing due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties. We first report on the fabrication and characterization of gas sensors using a back-gated field-effect transistor platform with chemically reduced graphene oxide (R-GO) as the conducting channel. These sensors exhibited a 360% increase in response when exposed to 100 ppm NO(2) in air, compared with thermally reduced graphene oxide sensors we reported earlier. We then present a new method of signal processing/data interpretation that addresses (i) sensing devices with long recovery periods (such as required for sensing gases with these R-GO sensors) as well as (ii) device-to-device variations. A theoretical analysis is used to illuminate the importance of using the new signal processing method when the sensing device suffers from slow recovery and non-negligible contact resistance. We suggest that the work reported here (including the sensor signal processing method and the inherent simplicity of device fabrication) is a significant step toward the real-world application of graphene-based chemical sensors.
Antigenic Domain 1 Is Required for Oligomerization of Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B (2005)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB) is an abundant virion envelope protein that has been shown to be essential for the infectivity of HCMV. HCMV gB is also one of the most immunogenic virus-encoded proteins, and a significant fraction of virus neutralizing antibodies are directed at gB. A linear domain of gB designated AD-1 (antigenic domain 1) represents a dominant antibody binding site on this protein. AD-1 from clinical isolates of HCMV exhibits little sequence variation, suggesting that AD-1 plays an essential role in gB structure or function. We investigated this possibility by examining the role of AD-1 in early steps of gB synthesis. Our results from studies using eukaryotic cells indicated that amino acid (aa) 635 of the gB sequence represented the carboxyl-terminal limit of this domain and that deletion of aa 560 to 640 of the gB sequence resulted in loss of AD-1 expression. AD-1 was shown to be required for oligomerization of gB. Mutation of cysteine at either position 573 or 610 in AD-1 resulted in loss of its reactivity with AD-1-specific monoclonal antibodies and gB oligomerization. Infectious virus could not be recovered from HCMV bacterial artificial chromosomes following introduction of these mutations into the HCMV genome, suggesting that AD-1 was an essential structural domain required for gB function in the replicative cycle of HCMV. Sequence alignment of AD-1 with homologous regions of gBs from other herpesviruses demonstrated significant relatedness, raising the possibility that this domain may contribute to multimerization of gBs in other herpesviruses.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1‐α gene transfer restores mitochondrial biomass and improves mitochondrial calcium handling in post‐necrotic mdx mouse skeletal muscle (2012)

Alterations of mitochondrial function have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In the present study, mitochondrial respiratory function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) dynamics and susceptibility to Ca(2+)-induced permeability transition pore (PTP) opening were investigated in permeabilized skeletal muscle fibres of 6-week-old mdx mice, in order to characterize the magnitude and nature of mitochondrial dysfunction at an early post-necrotic stage of the disease. Short-term overexpression of the transcriptional co-activator PGC1α, achieved by in vivo plasmid transfection, was then performed to determine whether this intervention could prevent mitochondrial impairment and mitigate associated biochemical abnormalities. Compared with normal mice, mdx mice exhibited a lower mitochondrial biomass and oxidative capacity, greater ROS buffering capabilities, and an increased vulnerability to Ca(2+)-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex. PGC1α gene transfer restored mitochondrial biomass, normalized the susceptibility to PTP opening and increased the capacity of mitochondria to buffer Ca(2+)(.) This was associated with reductions in the activity levels of the Ca(2+)-dependent protease calpain as well as caspases 3 and 9. Overall, these results suggest that overexpression of PGC1α in dystrophin-deficient muscles, after the onset of necrosis, has direct beneficial effects upon multiple aspects of mitochondrial function, which may in turn mitigate the activation of proteolytic and apoptotic signalling pathways associated with disease progression.
Knee Morphology as a Guide to Knee Replacement (1975)

The complexity of knee geometry requires correct prosthesis design and size selection for the recipient. This study analyzes the morphological relationships within the knee; 16 linear anatomical parameters were measured on 30 cadaveric knees. The marginal femoral condylar contour was geometrically described by two tangent radii. Standardized radiographic techniques were developed to obtain a modified tunnel and true lateral view of the knee. Subsequently, X-rays were taken from 11 cadaver knees to achieve reproducible magnification factors. From X-rays of 53 normal subjects, 11 comparable linear dimensions were measured. The linear dimensions and condylar contour measurements were analyzed for their interrelationships by computer techniques. The width of the femur was found to be dimensionally related (correlation coefficient significant at the one per cent level) to the measured parameters with the exception of the intercondylar notch and interspinous widths. Using regression analysis, nomograms were developed to predict the linear and marginal femoral contour dimensions from the femur width. The resulting standard deviations were low, ranging from 1.0 mm for ascertaining the tibial width to 3.5 mm for determination of the femoral width at the level of the intercondylar notch. The nomograms we developed will aid the surgeon in a more precise, preoperative, morphological evaluation and may be used as a guide for future knee prosthesis design.
Changes in Triglyceride Levels and Risk for Coronary Heart Disease in Young Men (2007)

Two triglyceride measurements obtained 5 years apart may assist in assessing CHD risk in young men. A decrease in initially elevated triglyceride levels is associated with a decrease in CHD risk compared with stable high triglyceride levels. However, this risk remains higher than in those with persistently low triglyceride levels.