gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fertilizing competency of multiple ovulated eggs in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) (1991)

Fertilizing competency of multiple ovulated eggs in the domestic fowl was examined by fertilization in vitro and early development in culture. Normal laying hens (White Leghorn) were treated with 75 IU of PMSG for 7 days followed by injection of anterior pituitary extracts from chickens (CAPE). Ovulation began to occur 7.5 h after injection of CAPE. These hens ovulated 1-7 ova but some premature ovulation of GV stage ova were observed. In vitro fertilization of the multiple ovulated ova was examined by inseminating 10(6)-10(7) sperm onto the germinal disks in m-Ringer's solution. The gamete or zygote nuclei were detected by DNA specific fluorescence using DAPI (4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole) in the histological section prepared from the germinal disk. Process of fertilization was examined in the eggs incubated for 4 h after insemination in DMEM + liquid albumen at 41 degrees C under the atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. Fertilization rate of the total multiple ovulated eggs was 55% (11/20), in which 90% (9/10) and 10% (1/10) in the eggs recovered 7.5-8.5 h and 9.0-9.5 h after CAPE injection were obtained, respectively. Normal pronuclei were formed in five eggs of those recovered 7.5-8.5 h after CAPE injection. Early development after fertilization in vitro was also examined by incubation for 12 h in DMEM + liquid albumen at 41 degrees C under the atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. Although development in vitro was delayed compared to that in utero condition, normal development was observed in naturally and multiple ovulated eggs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High-Spatial-Resolution Multi-Omics Atlas Sequencing of Mouse Embryos via Deterministic Barcoding in Tissue (2020)

This manuscript has been withdrawn due to a duplicate posting on our website. Please visit DOI: 10.1101/788992 to access the current version of this preprint on bioRxiv.
Diarylprolinol in an Asymmetric, Direct Cross‐Aldol Reaction with Alkynyl Aldehydes (2013)

Abstract The direct cross‐aldol reaction of alkynyl aldehydes catalyzed by a trifluoromethylated diarylprolinol provides a practical route for the highly enantioselective synthesis of chiral β‐alkynyl‐β‐hydroxy aldehydes. Good anti selectivity and excellent enantioselectivity were obtained in the reactions of silylpropynals, which afford synthetically useful chiral building blocks.
Mild and Safer Preparative Method for Nonsymmetrical Sulfamides via N-Sulfamoyloxazolidinone Derivatives:  Electronic Effects Affect the Transsulfamoylation Reactivity (2006)

Sulfamides (R1R2N−SO2−NR3R4) are traditionally prepared by using strong electrophilic and hazardous reagents such as N-sulfamoyl chloride, sulfonyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, or phosphorus pentachloride. We report here a safer and more convenient synthetic methodology for large-scale preparation of sulfamides using the N-substituted oxazolidin-2-one derivatives 5 as synthetic equivalent of the corrosive and hazardous N-sulfamoyl chloride. The scope of the use of N-sulfamoyloxazolidinones to prepare nonsymmetrical sulfamides is explored.
Sp1 Transcriptional Activity Is Up-regulated by Phosphatase 2A in Dividing T Lymphocytes (2002)

We have followed Sp1 expression in primary human T lymphocytes induced, via CD2 plus CD28 costimulation, to sustained proliferation and subsequent return to quiescence. Binding of Sp1 to wheat germ agglutinin lectin was not modified following activation, indicating that the overall glycosylation of the protein was unchanged. Sp1 underwent, instead, a major dephosphorylation that correlated with cyclin A expression and, thus, with cell cycle progression. A similar change was observed in T cells that re-entered cell cycle following secondary interleukin-2 stimulation, as well as in serum-induced proliferating NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) appears involved because 1) treatment of dividing cells with okadaic acid or cantharidin inhibited Sp1 dephosphorylation and 2) PP2A dephosphorylated Sp1 in vitro and strongly interacted with Sp1 in vivo. Sp1 dephosphorylation is likely to increase its transcriptional activity because PP2A overexpression potentiated Sp1 site-driven chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression in dividing Kit225 T cells and okadaic acid reversed this effect. This increase might be mediated by a stronger affinity of dephosphorylated Sp1 for DNA, as illustrated by the reduced DNA occupancy by hyperphosphorylated Sp factors from cantharidin- or nocodazole-treated cells. Finally, Sp1 dephosphorylation appears to occur throughout cell cycle except for mitosis, a likely common feature to all cycling cells.
[Corrigendum] HMGB1 participates in LPS‑induced acute lung injury by activating the AIM2 inflammasome in macrophages and inducing polarization of M1 macrophages via TLR2, TLR4, and RAGE/NF‑κB signaling pathways (2020)

Following the publication of this paper, the authors have realized that the first two authors on the paper, Jing Wang and Ruiting Li, should have been credited with joint first author status. Furthermore, the second author affiliation was presented incorrectly in the paper, and the corrected address, as this should have been featured, is included below. Therefore, the authors' affiliations and the affiliation addresses should have appeared as follows: Jing Wang1*, Ruiting Li2*, Zhiyong Peng1, Bo Hu1, Xin Rao1 and Jianguo Li1. 1Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071; 2Department of Critical Care Unit, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China. *Contributed equally. The authors confirm that there are no further errors in the study, and all the authors agree to this correction. The authors regret their oversight, and apologize for any inconvenience caused. [the original article was published in International Journal of Molecular Medicine 45: 61-80, 2020; DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4402].
3D COMPUTER SIMULATION FOR LIGNIFICATION OF ANCIENT CHINESE TIMBER BUILDINGS (2001)

A pioneer research work was carried out by investigators engaged in surveying and mapping for describing ancient Chinese timber buildings by 3D frame graphs w ith a computer.Users can know the structural layers and the assembly process of the se buildings if the frame graphs are processed further with a computer model.Th is can be implemented by computer simulation technique.This technique display t he raw data on the screen of a computer and interactively manage them by combini ng technologies from computer graphics and image processing,multi-media technol ogy,artificial intelligence,highly parallel real-time computation technique an d human behavior science.This paper presents the implementing procedure of ligni fi cation simulation for large-sized wooden buildings as well as 3D dynamic assembl y of these buildings under the 3DS MAX environment.The results from computer sim ulation are also shown in the paper.
Some benzyl-substituted imidazoles, triazoles, tetrazoles, pyridinethiones, and structural relatives as multisubstrate inhibitors of dopamine .beta.-hydroxylase. 4. Structure-activity relationships at the copper binding site (1990)

Structure-activity relationships (SAR) were determined for novel multisubstrate inhibitors of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH; EC 1.14.17.1) by examining the effects upon in vitro inhibitory potencies resulting from structural changes at the copper-binding region of inhibitor. Attempts were made to determine replacement groups for the thione sulfur atom of the prototypical inhibitor 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thione described previously. The synthesis and evaluation of oxygen and nitrogen analogues of the soft thione group demonstrated the sulfur atom to be necessary for optimal activity. An additional series of imidazole-2-thione relatives was prepared in an effort to probe the relationship between the pKa of the ligand group and inhibitory potency. In vitro inhibitory potency was shown not to correlate with ligand pKa over a range of approximately 10 pKa units, and a rationale for this is advanced. Additional ligand modifications were prepared in order to explore bulk tolerance at the enzyme oxygen binding site and to determine the effects of substituting a six-membered ligand group for the five-membered imidazole-2-thione ligand.
A Simple Method for Encapsulating Single Cells in Alginate Microspheres Allows for Direct PCR and Whole Genome Amplification (2015)

Microdroplets are an effective platform for segregating individual cells and amplifying DNA. However, a key challenge is to recover the contents of individual droplets for downstream analysis. This paper offers a method for embedding cells in alginate microspheres and performing multiple serial operations on the isolated cells. Rhodobacter sphaeroides cells were diluted in alginate polymer and sprayed into microdroplets using a fingertip aerosol sprayer. The encapsulated cells were lysed and subjected either to conventional PCR, or whole genome amplification using either multiple displacement amplification (MDA) or a two-step PCR protocol. Microscopic examination after PCR showed that the lumen of the occupied microspheres contained fluorescently stained DNA product, but multiple displacement amplification with phi29 produced only a small number of polymerase colonies. The 2-step WGA protocol was successful in generating fluorescent material, and quantitative PCR from DNA extracted from aliquots of microspheres suggested that the copy number inside the microspheres was amplified up to 3 orders of magnitude. Microspheres containing fluorescent material were sorted by a dilution series and screened with a fluorescent plate reader to identify single microspheres. The DNA was extracted from individual isolates, re-amplified with full-length sequencing adapters, and then a single isolate was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. After filtering the reads, the only sequences that collectively matched a genome in the NCBI nucleotide database belonged to R. sphaeroides. This demonstrated that sequencing-ready DNA could be generated from the contents of a single microsphere without culturing. However, the 2-step WGA strategy showed limitations in terms of low genome coverage and an uneven frequency distribution of reads across the genome. This paper offers a simple method for embedding cells in alginate microspheres and performing PCR on isolated cells in common bulk reactions, although further work must be done to improve the amplification coverage of single genomes.
OXYGEN DIFFUSION AND REACTION DURING γ-IRRADIATION OF POLYETHYLENE (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOXYGEN DIFFUSION AND REACTION DURING γ-IRRADIATION OF POLYETHYLENER. C. GibersonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1962, 66, 3, 463–468Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100809a022https://doi.org/10.1021/j100809a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Multichannel Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Microdevice for Rapid Gene Expression and Biomarker Analysis (2006)

A microdevice is developed for RNA analysis that integrates one-step reverse transcription and 30 cycles of PCR (RT-PCR) amplification with capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation and fluorescence detection of the amplicons. The four-layer glass-PDMS-glass-glass hybrid microdevice integrates microvalves, on-chip heaters and temperature sensors, nanoliter reaction chambers (380 nL), and 5-cm-long CE separation channels. The direct integration of these processes results in attomolar detection sensitivity (<11 template RNA molecules or approximately 0.1 cellular equiv) and rapid 45-min analysis, while minimizing sample waste and eliminating contamination. Size-based electrophoretic product analysis provides definitive amplicon-size verification and multiplex analysis. Multiplexed differential gene expression analysis is demonstrated on mdh and gyrB E. coli transcripts. RNA splice variant analysis of the RBBP8 gene is used to identify tumorigenic tissue. RT-PCR microdevice analysis of normal breast tissue RNA generates the expected 202-bp normal splice isoform; tumor breast tissue RNA samples generate a 151-bp amplicon signifying the presence of the tumorigenic splice variant. The ability to perform RNA transcript and splice variant biomarker analysis establishes our RT-PCR microdevice as a versatile gene expression platform.
Global estimates of cancer prevalence for 27 sites in the adult population in 2008 (2012)

Recent estimates of global cancer incidence and survival were used to update previous figures of limited duration prevalence to the year 2008. The number of patients with cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2008 who were still alive at the end of 2008 in the adult population is described by world region, country and the human development index. The 5-year global cancer prevalence is estimated to be 28.8 million in 2008. Close to half of the prevalence burden is in areas of very high human development that comprise only one-sixth of the world's population. Breast cancer continues to be the most prevalent cancer in the vast majority of countries globally; cervix cancer is the most prevalent cancer in much of Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia and prostate cancer dominates in North America, Oceania and Northern and Western Europe. Stomach cancer is the most prevalent cancer in Eastern Asia (including China); oral cancer ranks as the most prevalent cancer in Indian men and Kaposi sarcoma has the highest 5-year prevalence among men in 11 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The methods used to estimate point prevalence appears to give reasonable results at the global level. The figures highlight the need for long-term care targeted at managing patients with certain very frequently diagnosed cancer forms. To be of greater relevance to cancer planning, the estimation of other time-based measures of global prevalence is warranted.
Targeting a Homogeneously Glycosylated Antibody Fc To Bind Cancer Cells Using a Synthetic Receptor Ligand (2009)

The targeting of a glycosylated antibody Fc fragment to bind to cancer cells by site-selective incorporation of a synthetic ligand is described. Homogeneously glycosylated immunoglobulin G subclass 1 fragment crystallizable (IgG1 Fc) was produced by expression in a glycosylation-deficient yeast strain and subsequent treatment with mannosidase IA. A N-terminal cysteine was generated on the expressed IgG1 Fc by utilizing proteolytic processing enzymes in the yeast secretory pathway. A cyclic RGD peptide thioester 2 was synthesized and then site-selectively attached to the N-terminus of the IgG1 Fc glycoprotein using native chemical ligation. The resulting chemically modified antibody fragment, RGD-Man(5)-IgG1 Fc (5), retained biological activity similar to that of the free cyclic RGD peptide 1 when assayed for its ability to both promote and inhibit the adhesion of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin receptor-expressing WM-115 melanoma cells. In addition, fluorescent microscopy experiments were conducted using FITC-labeled 5 and confirmed binding of 5 to WM-115 melanoma cells. Site-selectively modified antibody fragments such as the one described here may be used to combine the beneficial properties of synthetic receptor ligands with antibody fragments to develop useful biochemical tools and improved therapeutics. The methods described here can also be used to produce glycoprotein fragments for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of homogeneous glycoproteins.
Transplantation of Anergic Histoincompatible Bone Marrow Allografts (1999)

Donor bone marrow treated ex vivo to induce anergy to alloantigens from the recipient can reconstitute hematopoiesis in vivo with a relatively low risk of GVHD.
Determining asthma treatment by monitoring sputum cell counts: effect on exacerbations (2006)

One important goal of asthma treatment is to reduce exacerbations. The current authors investigated if the use of sputum cell counts to guide treatment would achieve this goal. A total of 117 adults with asthma were entered into a multicentre, randomised, parallel group-effectiveness study for two treatment strategies over a 2-yr period. In one strategy (the clinical strategy: CS) treatment was based on symptoms and spirometry. In the other (the sputum strategy: SS) sputum cell counts were used to guide corticosteroid therapy to keep eosinophils<or=2%; symptoms and spirometry were used to identify clinical control, exacerbations and other treatments. Patients were blind to sputum cell counts in both strategies and physicians were blind in the CS, thus removing bias. First, the minimum treatment to maintain control was identified in 107 patients (Phase 1) and then this treatment was continued (Phase 2) for the remaining of the 2 yrs. The primary outcomes were the relative risk reduction for the occurrence of the first exacerbation in Phase 2 and the length of time without exacerbation. The current authors also examined the type and severity of exacerbations and the cumulative dose of inhaled steroid needed. The duration and number of exacerbations in Phase 1 were similar in both groups. In Phase 2 there were a 126 exacerbations of which 79 occurred in the CS (62.7%) and 47 (37.3%) in the SS groups. The majority of the 126 exacerbations (101; 80.1%) were mild. The majority of the 102 exacerbations, where sputum examination was performed before any treatment (n=70), were noneosinophilic. In the SS patients, the time to the first exacerbation was longer (by 213 days) especially in those considered to need treatment with a long acting beta2-agonist (by 490 days), the relative risk ratio was lower (by 49%), and the number of exacerbations needing prednisone was reduced (5 versus 15). This benefit was seen mainly in patients needing treatment with inhaled steroid in a daily dose equivalent to fluticasone>250 microg, and was due to fewer eosinophilic exacerbations. The cumulative dose of corticosteroid during the trial was similar in both groups. Monitoring sputum cell counts was found to benefit patients with moderate-to-severe asthma by reducing the number of eosinophilic exacerbations and by reducing the severity of both eosinophilic and noneosinophilic exacerbations without increasing the total corticosteroid dose. It had no influence on the frequency of noneosinophilic exacerbations, which were the most common exacerbations.
Oligomannose‐coated liposomes as an adjuvant for the induction of cell‐mediated immunity (1995)

The effect of the coating of ovalbumin-reconstituted liposomes with various oligosaccharides on their immunogenicity was investigated in mice. The coating of liposomes with oligomannose or yeast mannan drastically enhanced their ability to induce an ovalbumin-specific delayed-type footpad swelling response with a peak at 24 to 48 h post-challenge. Among various oligosaccharides tested, only those with mannose residue at the nonreducing termini manifested the activity when applied to liposomes. Since such oligosaccharides are ubiquitously found in the body, these results suggested the usefulness of oligomannose-coated liposomes as a safe adjuvant for the induction of cell-mediated immunity.
ONCOLYSIS BY CLOSTRIDIA. V. TRANSPLANTED TUMORS OF THE HAMSTER. (1964)

Treatment of transplanted tumors of the hamster with nonpathogenic clostridia were reported. The intravenously injected spores germinated in the tumors and produced within very few days an extensive or complete lysis of the tumor. A cure or increase in survival time has not been obtained so far. The possibilities and limitations of this novel biological tumor treatment have been discussed.
Noninvasive, Transient and Selective Blood-Brain Barrier Opening in Non-Human Primates In Vivo (2011)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized vascular system that impedes entry of all large and the vast majority of small molecules including the most potent central nervous system (CNS) disease therapeutic agents from entering from the lumen into the brain parenchyma. Microbubble-enhanced, focused ultrasound (ME-FUS) has been previously shown to disrupt noninvasively, selectively, and transiently the BBB in small animals in vivo. For the first time, the feasibility of transcranial ME-FUS BBB opening in non-human primates is demonstrated with subsequent BBB recovery. Sonications were combined with two different types of microbubbles (customized 4-5 µm and Definity®). 3T MRI was used to confirm the BBB disruption and to assess brain damage.