gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical potential of microchip capillary electrophoresis systems (1997)

Clinical interest in the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) has recently been extended to the microchip environment. Clinical analyses demand careful handling of complex samples that are often limited in quantity and in concentration. The integrated sample handling and analysis capabilities of microchip substrates thus seem ideally suited to clinical applications. This review surveys the development of sample handling (injection, mixing, and reaction) and separation elements on-chip. The integration of these elements to create a variety of clinical analyzers has been demonstrated. The application of microchip CE systems to human serum protein analysis, immunoassay, and DNA studies is reviewed, along with various other clinical applications. In addition, the clinical potential of the lab-on-a-chip concept is discussed.
RNA Interference Can Target Pre-mRNA: Consequences for Gene Expression in a Caenorhabditis elegans Operon (1999)

In nematodes, flies, trypanosomes, and planarians, introduction of double-stranded RNA results in sequence-specific inactivation of gene function, a process termed RNA interference (RNAi). We demonstrate that RNAi against the Caenorhabditis elegans gene lir-1, which is part of the lir-1/lin-26 operon, induced phenotypes very different from a newly isolated lir-1 null mutation. Specifically, lir-1(RNAi) induced embryonic lethality reminiscent of moderately strong lin-26 alleles, whereas the lir-1 null mutant was viable. We show that the lir-1(RNAi) phenotypes resulted from a severe loss of lin-26 gene expression. In addition, we found that RNAi directed against lir-1 or lin-26 introns induced similar phenotypes, so we conclude that lir-1(RNAi) targets the lir-1/lin-26 pre-mRNA. This provides direct evidence that RNA interference can prevent gene expression by targeting nuclear transcripts. Our results highlight that caution may be necessary when interpreting RNA interference without the benefit of mutant alleles.
Open ended-coaxial Cable Measurements of Saturated Sandy Soils (2007)

The application of electromagnetic methods in the radar and micro-wave frequency band allows the fluid content of soils to be estimated; the heuristic or physically-based models permit to relate the observed electrical permittivity of the soils with the porosity and fluid saturation. The role of the effect of the free water and bound water in the overall electromagnetic behaviour of soils is discussed. The measurements of the complex electrical permittivity of samples with different fluid content were carried out using an open ended coaxial cable in the frequency range between 0.2 and 6 GHz. The data processing permitted to estimate the water content with good accuracy; the slight overestimate of the values with respect to the standard laboratory measures of the fluid content is due to the propagation of the experimental uncertainties and to the effect of the bound water.
Cripto forms a complex with activin and type II activin receptors and can block activin signaling (2003)

Activin, nodal, Vg1, and growth and differentiation factor 1 are members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and signal via the activin type II (ActRII/IIB) and type I (ALK4) serine/threonine kinase receptors. Unlike activins, however, signaling by nodal, Vg1, and growth and differentiation factor 1 requires a coreceptor from the epidermal growth factor-Cripto-FRL1-Cryptic protein family such as Cripto. Cripto has important roles during development and oncogenesis and binds nodal or related ligands and ALK4 to facilitate assembly of type I and type II receptor signaling complexes. Because Cripto mediates signaling via activin receptors and binds directly to ALK4, we tested whether transfection with Cripto would affect the ability of activin to signal and/or interact with its receptors. Here we show that Cripto can form a complex with activin and ActRII/IIB. We were unable to detect activin binding to Cripto in the absence of ActRII/IIB, indicating that unlike nodal, activin requires type II receptors to bind Cripto. If cotransfected with ActRII/IIB and ALK4, Cripto inhibited crosslinking of activin to ALK4 and the association of ALK4 with ActRII/IIB. In addition, Cripto blocked activin signaling when transfected into either HepG2 cells or 293T cells. We have also shown that under conditions in which Cripto facilitates nodal signaling, it antagonizes activin. Inhibition of activin signaling provides an additional example of a Cripto effect on the regulation of signaling by transforming growth factor-beta superfamily members. Because activin is a potent inhibitor of cell growth in multiple cell types, these results provide a mechanism that may partially explain the oncogenic action of Cripto.
Relation of Oxygen and Temperature in the Preservation of Tissues by Refrigeration (1949)

An inquiry has been made into conditions which may influence the viability of 1×1 cm areas of biopsied rabbit skin during refrigeration at 0° and 6-8°C. Since the availability of oxygen, as well as the nature of the storage medium, had an, important influence on the preservation of viability at these two temperatures, these relationships may be of interest to those wishing to store or ship tissues for surgical and other purposes. Tissues separated from the circulation rapidly become anoxemic and necrotic at room or body temperatures. This condition may be prevented in uterine or intestinal strips by oxygenation or by chilling., The survival of ligated limbs and of the cells in whole embryos, or organs, is optimal (among the widely spaced temperatures which have been studied) at 0°. At this temperature respiration is minimal, while oxygen solubility in water is twice that at 30°. Though Lambert Carrel, and Hetherington and Craig found 0 to 7° favorable for preserving the small masses of crowded cells in embryonic tissue fragments, there is considerable evidence that the thin perimeter of migrating and dividing cells in established tissue cultures has maximal longevity around 30° and are unable to re-establish growth after refrigeration for a few days., , Upon considering the fact that large tissues are killed more rapidly at higher temperatures and small groups of thinly spread cells at low temperatures, it seemed not unlikely that one of the common denominators might be a question of oxygen supply and demand. Methods. After shaving and scrubbing, the chosen area of rabbit skin was covered for 2 minutes with a wet pack of tincture of iodine diluted 1:2 in water, and again scrubbed with alcohol. The strips of biopsied skin, either full- or half-skin depth were cut into 1×1 cm pieces.
Producing object-based special visual effects by integrating multiple differently focused images: implicit 3D approach to image content manipulation (1999)

We propose a novel approach to image content manipulation. It enables us to arbitrarily manipulate an object in a scene by linear processings such as blurring, enhancement and shift etc. Notably, the method does not need any segmentation nor 3D modeling. Making use of multiple differently focused images and a linear imaging model, it directly generates the desired image from the original images. A special camera is developed which can acquire three differently focused image sequences, in order to extend the proposed method to image sequence processing.
Flagellin Is an Effective Adjuvant for Immunization against Lethal Respiratory Challenge withYersinia pestis (2006)

Gram-negative flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist, is a potent inducer of innate immune effectors such as cytokines and nitric oxide. In the lung, flagellin induces a localized and transient innate immune response characterized by neutrophil infiltration and the production of cytokines and chemokines. In view of the extraordinary potency of flagellin as an inducer of innate immunity and the contribution of innate responses to the development of adaptive immunity, we evaluated the efficacy of recombinant Salmonella flagellin as an adjuvant in an acellular plague vaccine. Mice immunized intranasally or intratracheally with the F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis and flagellin exhibited dramatic increases in anti-F1 plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers that remained stable over time. In contrast, control mice had low or undetectable antibody responses. The IgG1/IgG2a ratio of antibody titers against F1 in immunized mice is consistent with a Th2 bias. However, no significant antigen-specific IgE production was detected. Interferons, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 were not essential for the adjuvant effects of flagellin. Preexisting antiflagellin antibodies had no significant effect on the adjuvant activity of flagellin. Importantly, intranasal immunization with flagellin and the F1 antigen was protective against intranasal challenge with virulent Y. pestis CO92, with 93 to 100% survival of immunized mice. Lastly, vaccination of cynomolgus monkeys with flagellin and a fusion of the F1 and V antigens of Y. pestis induced a robust antigen-specific IgG antibody response.
Chemosensitization of cancer cells by siRNA using targeted nanogel delivery (2010)

This study suggests that targeted delivery of siRNAs by nanogels may be a promising strategy to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs for the treatment of ovarian cancer. In addition, EphA2 is a viable target for therapeutic delivery, and the siRNAs are effectively protected by the nanogel carrier, overcoming the poor stability and uptake that has hindered clinical advancement of therapeutic siRNAs.
A Message Summary and Message Waiting Indication Event Package for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (2004)

This document describes a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) event
package to carry message waiting status and message summaries from a
messaging system to an interested User Agent. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Antioxidant therapy in critical care medicine. (1995)

Antioxidant therapies are currently undergoing clinical trials to determine their benefit in a number of diseases seen in the critical care unit. It is particularly likely that their use will become standard therapy in a number of situations in which there is reperfusion injury following an ischemic episode. During the lag time from the conception of antioxidant interventions to their introduction into clinical practice, our understanding of how oxidant injuries are mediated has changed considerably. This understanding has allowed the development of more rational approaches to antioxidant therapy while exposing the limitations of some of the approaches currently being evaluated in a clinical setting. In addition, some existing therapeutic agents have previously unrecognized antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects. An inherent requirement of an effective antioxidant therapy is that such therapy is effective against the radicals being generated, and that sufficient quantities of the antioxidants used reach all sites of radical generation in time to limit tissue injury. Recent observations suggest that few, if any, of the currently known individual antioxidants can adequately meet these goals. However, combination therapy, or the development of synthetic compounds that can combine the properties of current antioxidants, may come close.
Survival of human prostate carcinoma, benign hyperplastic prostate tissues, and IL‐2‐activated lymphocytes in SCID mice (1995)

Mice, homozygous for the mutation severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) and also segregating for the mutation hypogonadal (hpg), were tested for their potential use as an in vivo model system for studying the growth of human prostate cancer and benign hyperplastic prostate tissue grafts. Fresh human prostate cancer or benign hyperplastic prostate tissue was implanted subcutaneously into androgen-replete C.B. 17 scid/scid males, and into androgen-deficient hpg/hpg scid/scid or androgen-replete +/? scid scid males. The tissue grafts grew in both androgen-replete and androgen-deficient host mice. When dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was administered at tissue grafting, both the incidence and size of the tissue grafts increased. Histology of tissue from tumors in the androgen-deficient hpg/hpg scid/scid host showed either undifferentiated tumors or adenocarcinomas with few glandular structures. These data suggest the androgen deficient environment selected for growth of androgen-independent tumor tissue. Finally, when interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were injected into scid/scid hosts, the cells were found to survive and could be identified in the spleen of the recipient mice. These results indicate that growth of human prostate tissues and IL-2-activated lymphocytes in scid/scid mice is a viable model system for in vivo studies of prostatic disease.
Spatiotemporal shaping of half-cycle terahertz pulses by diffraction through conductive apertures of finite thickness (1998)

We demonstrate a simple quasi-optical technique for spatiotemporal shaping of half-cycle terahertz-radiation pulses. We show, both experimentally and theoretically, that properly polarized half-cycle pulses can be modulated temporally by diffraction through a conductive aperture of finite thickness. We use the finite-difference time-domain method to solve Maxwell’s equations for such a geometry and show that it can explain all the experimentally observed features. In the case of thick aperture, a planar waveguide model can also be used to describe the propagation of the pulse through the aperture, with excellent agreement with the experimental results.
Effects of Pomegranate Chemical Constituents/Intestinal Microbial Metabolites on CYP1B1 in 22Rv1 Prostate Cancer Cells (2009)

The cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP1B1, is an established target in prostate cancer chemoprevention. Compounds inhibiting CYP1B1 activity are contemplated to exert beneficial effects at three stages of prostate cancer development, that is, initiation, progression, and development of drug resistance. Pomegranate ellagitannins/microbial metabolites were examined for their CYP1B1 inhibitory activity in a recombinant CYP1B1-mediated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay. Urolithin A, a microbial metabolite, was the most potent uncompetitive inhibitor of CYP1B1-mediated EROD activity, exhibiting 2-fold selectivity over CYP1A1, while urolithin B was a noncompetitive inhibitor with 3-fold selectivity. The punicalins and punicalagins exhibited potent CYP1A1 inhibition with 5-10-fold selectivity over CYP1B1. Urolithins, punicalins, and punicalagins were tested for their 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced CYP1 inhibitory activity in the 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell line. Urolithins A and B showed a decrease in their CYP1-mediated EROD inhibitory IC50 values upon increasing their treatment times from 30 min to 24 h. Urolithin C, 8-O-methylurolithin A, and 8,9-di-O-methylurolithin C caused a potent CYP1-mediated EROD inhibition in 22Rv1 cells upon 24 h of incubation. Neutral red uptake assay results indicated that urolithin C, 8-O-methylurolithin A, and 8,9-di-O-methylurolithin C induced profound cytotoxicity in the proximity of their CYP1 inhibitory IC50 values. Urolithins A and B were studied for their cellular uptake and inhibition of TCDD-induced CYP1B1 expression. Cellular uptake experiments demonstrated a 5-fold increase in urolithin uptake by 22Rv1 cells. Western blots of the CYP1B1 protein indicated that the urolithins interfered with the expression of CYP1B1 protein. Thus, urolithins were found to display a dual mode mechanism by decreasing CYP1B1 activity and expression.
Site-Specific Fat-1 Knock-In Enables Significant Decrease of n-6PUFAs/n-3PUFAs Ratio in Pigs (2018)

The <i>fat-1</i> gene from <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> encodes a fatty acid desaturase which was widely studied due to its beneficial function of converting n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFAs) to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs). To date, many <i>fat-1</i> transgenic animals have been generated to study disease pathogenesis or improve meat quality. However, all of them were generated using a random integration method with variable transgene expression levels and the introduction of selectable marker genes often raise biosafety concern. To this end, we aimed to generate marker-free <i>fat-1</i> transgenic pigs in a site-specific manner. The Rosa26 locus, first found in mouse embryonic stem cells, has become one of the most common sites for inserting transgenes due to its safe and ubiquitous expression. In our study, the <i>fat-1</i> gene was inserted into porcine Rosa 26 (pRosa26) locus via Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system. The Southern blot analysis of our knock-in pigs indicated a single copy of the <i>fat-1</i> gene at the pRosa26 locus. Furthermore, this single-copy <i>fat-1</i> gene supported satisfactory expression in a variety of tissues in F1 generation pigs. Importantly, the gas chromatography analysis indicated that these <i>fat-1</i> knock-in pigs exhibited a significant increase in the level of n-3PUFAs, leading to an obvious decrease in the n-6PUFAs/n-3PUFAs ratio from 9.36 to 2.12 (***<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Altogether, our <i>fat-1</i> knock-in pigs hold great promise for improving the nutritional value of pork and serving as an animal model to investigate therapeutic effects of n-3PUFAs on various diseases.
β-Amyloid Immunotherapy Prevents Synaptic Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2005)

Alzheimer's disease neuropathology is characterized by key features that include the deposition of the amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) into plaques, the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, and the loss of neurons and synapses in specific brain regions. The loss of synapses, and particularly the associated presynaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin in the hippocampus and association cortices, has been widely reported to be one of the most robust correlates of Alzheimer's disease-associated cognitive decline. The beta-amyloid hypothesis supports the idea that Abeta is the cause of these pathologies. However, the hypothesis is still controversial, in part because the direct role of Abeta in synaptic degeneration awaits confirmation. In this study, we show that Abeta reduction by active or passive Abeta immunization protects against the progressive loss of synaptophysin in the hippocampal molecular layer and frontal neocortex of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. These results, substantiated by quantitative electron microscopic analysis of synaptic densities, strongly support a direct causative role of Abeta in the synaptic degeneration seen in Alzheimer's disease and strengthen the potential of Abeta immunotherapy as a treatment approach for this disease.
PG13 Packaging Cells Produce Recombinant Retroviruses Carrying a Diphtheria Toxin Mutant Which Kills Cancer Cells (2002)

The development of suicide gene therapy with gene products that are directly toxic to cells, such as the A subunit of diphtheria toxin (DT-A), has been hampered by the difficulty of engineering recombinant viruses. DT-A is a strong inhibitor of protein synthesis that acts by ADP-ribosylating elongation factor 2, and a low level of DT-A expression in virus producer cells prevents the production of recombinant virus. We analyzed here the natural resistance of packaging cells to DT-A toxicity, and we report that PG13 and PA317 packaging cell lines are resistant to H21G, a DT-A mutant. PG13 cells produce recombinant H21G virus that efficiently kills a variety of human tumor cells. Our finding indicates that PG13 packaging cells provide a new potential for the development of DT-A-based suicide gene therapy.
Operational transconductance amplifier-based nonlinear function syntheses (1989)

It is shown that the operational transconductance amplifier, as the active element in basic building blocks, can be efficiently used for programmable nonlinear continuous-time function synthesis. Two efficient nonlinear function synthesis approaches are presented. The first approach is a rational approximation, and the second is a piecewise-linear approach. Test circuits have been fabricated using a 3- mu m p-well CMOS process. The flexibility of the designed and tested circuits was confirmed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and Copolymerization of Styryl-Substituted Tetrazoles. Thermal Cross-Linking of Copolymers Containing Dipolarophiles and the Tetrazoles as Nitrile Imine Dipole Precursors (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Copolymerization of Styryl-Substituted Tetrazoles. Thermal Cross-Linking of Copolymers Containing Dipolarophiles and the Tetrazoles as Nitrile Imine Dipole PrecursorsJ. K. Stille and A. T. ChenCite this: Macromolecules 1972, 5, 4, 377–384Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60028a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60028a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Therapeutic DNA vaccination against colorectal cancer by targeting the MYB oncoprotein (2015)

Cancers can be addicted to continued and relatively high expression of nuclear oncoproteins. This is evident in colorectal cancer (CRC) where the oncoprotein and transcription factor MYB is over expressed and essential to continued proliferation and tumour cell survival. Historically, targeting transcription factors in the context of cancer has been very challenging. Nevertheless, we formulated a DNA vaccine to generate a MYB-specific immune response in the belief MYB peptides might be aberrantly presented on the cell surface of CRC cells. MYB, like many tumour antigens, is weakly immunogenic as it is a 'self' antigen and is subject to tolerance. To break tolerance, a fusion vaccine was generated comprising a full-length MYB complementary DNA (cDNA) flanked by two potent CD4-epitopes derived from tetanus toxoid. Vaccination was achieved against tumours initiated by two distinct highly aggressive, syngeneic cancer cell lines (CT26 and MC38) that express MYB. This was done in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse strains respectively. We introduced multiple inactivating mutations into the oncogene sequence for safety and sub-cloned the cDNA into a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-compliant vector. We used low dose cyclophosphamide (CY) to overcome T-regulatory cell immune suppression, and anti-program cell death receptor 1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies to block T-cell exhaustion. Anti-PD-1 administered alone slightly delayed tumour growth in MC38 and more effectively in CT26 bearing mice, while CY treatment alone did not. We found that therapeutic vaccination elicits protection when MC38 tumour burden is low, mounts tumour-specific cell killing and affords enhanced protection when MC38 and CT26 tumour burden is higher but only in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody or low dose CY, respectively.