gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast intra-mode decision in H.264 video coding using simple directional masks (2005)

The H.264/AVC standard improves coding efficiency significantly compared with existing standards. This is at the expense of great computational complexity at the encoder. H.264/AVC adopts rate-distortion optimization (RDO) technique to obtain the best result while maximizing visual quality and minimizing bitrates. To carry out RDO, the encoder undergoes all possible combinations of coding modes exhaustively. H.264/AVC exploits directional spatial correlation with adjacent blocks for intra prediction. There are 9 directional modes for 4x4 luma blocks, 4 directional modes for 16x16 macroblocks and 8x8 chroma blocks, respectively. To determine the appropriate direction, based on the RDO computation, the number of mode combinations in each MB is 592. For a fast intra mode decision, we propose an algorithm to reduce the number of RDO computations using simple directional masks and adjacent mode information. The proposed method carries out 4 RDO calculations at the most for 4x4 luma blocks, and 2 RDO computations for 16x16 luma blocks and 8x8 chroma blocks, respectively. We verified the proposed algorithm by implementing on JM reference software and comparing with the case of exhaustive search. Simulation results show the proposed method reduces the ending time up to 70% with negligible loss of PSNR and bitrate increase.
NH2-terminal pentapeptide of endothelial interleukin 8 is responsible for the induction of apoptosis in leukemic cells and has an antitumor effect in vivo. (1999)

We have reported that endothelial interleukin 8 (IL-8) induces apoptosis in leukemic cells in vitro and in vivo, and that interaction between endothelial cells and leukemic cells causes induction of apoptosis through the release of endothelial IL-8 (Y. Terui et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 243: 407-411, 1998; Y. Terui et al., Blood, 92: 2672-2680, 1998). Here, we examined whether a pentapeptide corresponding to the NH2-terminal region of endothelial IL-8 can induce apoptosis in leukemic cells. The NH2-terminal pentapeptide Ala-Val-Leu-Pro-Arg (AVLPR) was found to significantly induce apoptosis in the leukemic cell lines K562, HL-60, Jurkat, and Daudi, as compared with the COOH-terminal pentapeptide Arg-Glu-Ala-Asn-Ser (REANS). Moreover, the NH2-terminal pentapeptide AVLPR significantly inhibited growth of i.p. and s.c. tumor masses of K562 cells and induced apoptosis in these cells in vivo. The active site of endothelial IL-8 is the NH2-terminal pentapeptide AVLPR, and this may serve as a new therapy for hematological malignancies.
Pivotal role of PAI-1 in a murine model of hepatic vein thrombosis (2005)

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a common complication of high-dose chemotherapy associated with bone marrow transplantation. While the pathogenesis of VOD is uncertain, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has emerged as a diagnostic marker and predictor of VOD in humans. In this study, we investigated the role of PAI-1 in a murine model of VOD produced by long-term nitric oxide synthase inhibition using L-NAME. After 6 weeks, wild-type (WT) mice developed extensive fibrinoid hepatic venous thrombi and biochemical evidence of hepatic injury and dysfunction. In contrast, PAI-1-deficient mice were largely protected from the development of hepatic vein thrombosis. Furthermore, WT mice that received tiplaxtinin, an antagonist of PAI-1, were effectively protected from L-NAME-induced thrombosis. Taken together, these data indicate that NO and PAI-1 play pivotal and antagonistic roles in hepatic vein thrombosis and that PAI-1 is a potential target in the prevention and treatment of VOD in humans.
The pathology of peroxisomal disorders with pathogenetic considerations. (1995)

Peroxisomal disorders are rare systemic maladies in which specific major organ systems are typically involved: most importantly the central nervous system (CNS), but also the peripheral nervous system, eyes, liver, adrenal, kidney and skeleton. Zellweger syndrome (ZS) is the most severe of the generalized types and exhibits major neocortical migration defects, less severe and non-inflammatory white matter lesions, and dysmorphic features. In adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) the major lesion again is in the CNS, but consists of extensive dysmyelination/inflammatory demyelination without neuronal migration defects or dysmorphism. In adrenomyeloneuropathy long tract degeneration of spinal cord, peripheral neuropathy, and variable CNS dysmyelinative to inflammatory demyelinative lesions are the dominant nervous system lesions. Saturated very long chain fatty acids, either free in the cytoplasm of affected endocrine cells or as components of membrane lipids (e.g. gangliosides, glycerophospholipids, and proteolipid protein) in axons or myelin, may be central to the pathogenesis of these neuronal migration defects, dysmyelination/inflammatory demyelination and spinal tract degeneration. Cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and delayed cellular hypersensitivity appear to be major secondary pathogenic factors in ALD.
Divergence in cholesterol biosynthetic rates and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity as a consequence of granulocyte versus monocyte-macrophage differentiation in HL-60 cells. (1984)

Addition of dimethyl sulfoxide or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to HL-60 cell cultures induces granulocytic or monocyte-macrophage differentiation, respectively, in HL-60 cells. Dimethyl sulfoxide-induced granulocyte differentiation in HL-60 cells is associated with a decrease in cellular 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase activity and with a decrease in the incorporation of [14C]acetate and mevalonate into products of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. PMA-induced monocyte-macrophage differentiation in HL-60 cells is associated with a rapid and profound fall in cell proliferation but nonetheless is accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in cellular HMG-CoA reductase activity and [14C]acetate incorporation into the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. In addition, PMA induces an increase in [14C]mevalonate incorporation into cholesterol and its precursors, suggesting that post-HMG-CoA reductase events in cholesterol biosynthesis are also enhanced. Mature peripheral blood human monocytes possess an active cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, whereas mature human granulocytes are almost entirely lacking in the ability to synthesize post-squalene products. Our results with HL-60 cells indicate that this divergence in sterol-synthesizing ability between two cell lineages, which normally also derive from a common stem cell, can be observed as an early event in the differentiation process.
Novel, Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Amino Saccharides (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNovel, Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Amino SaccharidesJ. Du Bois, Craig S. Tomooka, Jason Hong, and Erick M. CarreiraView Author Information Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory for Chemical Synthesis California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 13, 3179–3180Publication Date (Web):April 2, 1997Publication History Received20 December 1996Published online2 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja964381lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja964381lrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1759Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aziridines,Carbohydrates,Chemical reactions,Organic reactions,Transition metals Get e-Alerts
NCEP-Defined Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease Among NHANES III Participants Age 50 Years and Older (2003)

Although the individual components of the metabolic syndrome are clearly associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), we wanted to quantify the increased prevalence of CHD among people with metabolic syndrome. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) was used to categorize adults over 50 years of age by presence of metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program [NCEP] definition) with or without diabetes. Demographic and risk factor information was determined for each group, as well as the proportion of each group meeting specific criteria for metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of CHD for each group was then determined. Metabolic syndrome is very common, with approximately 44% of the U.S. population over 50 years of age meeting the NCEP criteria. In contrast, diabetes without metabolic syndrome is uncommon (13% of those with diabetes). Older Americans over 50 years of age without metabolic syndrome regardless of diabetes status had the lowest CHD prevalence (8.7% without diabetes, 7.5% with diabetes). Compared with those with metabolic syndrome, people with diabetes without metabolic syndrome did not have an increase in CHD prevalence. Those with metabolic syndrome without diabetes had higher CHD prevalence (13.9%), and those with both metabolic syndrome and diabetes had the highest prevalence of CHD (19.2%) compared with those with neither. Metabolic syndrome was a significant univariate predictor of prevalent CHD (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.66-2.59). However, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and diabetes, but not presence of metabolic syndrome, were significant multivariate predictors of prevalent CHD. The prevalence of CHD markedly increased with the presence of metabolic syndrome. Among people with diabetes, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was very high, and those with diabetes and metabolic syndrome had the highest prevalence of CHD. Among all individuals with diabetes, prevalence of CHD was increased compared with those with metabolic syndrome without diabetes. However, individuals with diabetes without metabolic syndrome had no greater prevalence of CHD compared with those with neither.
Eye Torsion in Space and during Static Tilt Pre- and Post-Spaceflight (1996)

Binocular torsional eye positions in three astronauts during one month in space showed major changes in comparison with preflight positions. The eyes were separately reset from the reference values recorded at the baseline ground-based facilities. Post-flight ocular counter-rolling in response to static tilt of 30 deg to the right and left was measured. None of the astronauts were observed to display symptoms of space motion sickness (SMS). None of the findings could be correlated with the presence or absence of SMS.
Shading and Shadowing with Linear Light Sources (2013)

In virtually all rendering systems, linear light sources are modeled with a series of point light sources that require considerable computing resources to produce realistic looking results. A general solution for shading surfaces illuminated by a linear light source is proposed. A formulation allowing for faster computation of the di use component of light re ection is derived. By assuming Phong&amp;apos;s specular component, simple, inexpensive and convincing results are produced with the use of a Chebyshev approximation. A shadowing algorithm is also presented. As shadowing from linear light sources is expensive, two acceleration schemes, extended from ray tracing, are evaluated. 1
Feasibility of a High-Flux Anticancer Drug Screen Using a Diverse Panel of Cultured Human Tumor Cell Lines (1991)

We describe here the development and implementation of a pilot-scale, in vitro, anticancer drug screen utilizing a panel of 60 human tumor cell lines organized into subpanels representing leukemia, melanoma, and cancers of the lung, colon, kidney, ovary, and central nervous system. The ultimate goal of this disease-oriented screen is to facilitate the discovery of new compounds with potential cell line-specific and/or subpanel-specific antitumor activity. In the current screening protocol, each cell line is inoculated onto microtiter plates, then preincubated for 24-28 hours. Subsequently, test agents are added in five 10-fold dilutions and the culture is incubated for an additional 48 hours. For each test agent, a dose-response profile is generated. End-point determinations of the cell viability or cell growth are performed by in situ fixation of cells, followed by staining with a protein-binding dye, sulforhodamine B (SRB). The SRB binds to the basic amino acids of cellular macromolecules; the solubilized stain is measured spectrophotometrically to determine relative cell growth or viability in treated and untreated cells. Following the pilot screening studies, a screening rate of 400 compounds per week has been consistently achieved.
Using static scheduling techniques for the retargeting of high speed, compiled simulators for embedded processors from an abstract machine description (2001)

Instruction set simulators are indispensable tools for both the design of programmable architectures and software development. However, due to a constantly increasing processor complexity and the frequent demand for cycle-accurate models, such simulators have become defectively slow. The principle of compiled simulation addresses this shortcoming. Compiled simulators make use of a priori knowlegde to accelerate simulation, with the highest efficiency achieved by employing static scheduling techniques.In the past, such statically scheduled simulators have only been implemented for specific DSP architectures. The approach presented here discusses the application of static scheduling techniques to retargetable simulation tools based on the processor description language LISA. Principles and implementation issues are discussed in this paper, and results are presented for two selected processor architectures.
Difference metric soft-out-put detection: architecture and implementation (2001)

The forward-backward (FB, also known as the MAP or BCJR) detection algorithm provides "soft" reliability estimates for each bit that it decodes. This paper presents a VLSI architecture for soft-output forward-backward detection of Class-IV partial response signaling (PR4) used in magnetic recording. A difference metric version of the FB algorithm is derived. A novel low-complexity architecture implements the computational kernel as a limiter. A 0.35-/spl mu/m 3-level metal CMOS ASIC was implemented and verified to operate at 20 MHz (20 Mbps), the highest speed of our IC tester. Simulations predict operation of up to 150 Mbps.
Introduction of a Hydroxy Group at the Para Position and N-Iodophenylation of N-Arylamides Using Phenyliodine(III) Bis(Trifluoroacetate) (2002)

The reaction of anilides with phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), TFA-CHCl3, or hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol (HFIP) is described. When the acyl group of the anilide is highly electronegative, such as trifluoroacetyl, or the phenyl group is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group, the 4-iodophenyl group is transferred from PIFA to the amide nitrogen to afford acetyldiarylamines. On the other hand, when the acyl group contains an electron-donating function, such as 4-methoxyphenyl, or the phenyl group is substituted with an electron-donating group, a trifluoroacetoxy group is transferred to the para position of the anilide aromatic ring. This group is hydrolyzed during workup to produce the corresponding phenol.
Crystal Structure of Eosinophil Cationic Protein at 2.4 Å Resolution, (1999)

Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is located in the matrix of the eosinophil's large specific granule and has marked toxicity for a variety of helminth parasites, hemoflagellates, bacteria, single-stranded RNA virus, and mammalian cells and tissues. It belongs to the bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) family and exhibits ribonucleolytic activity which is about 100-fold lower than that of a related eosinophil ribonuclease, the eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). The crystal structure of human ECP, determined at 2.4 Å, is similar to that of RNase A and EDN. It reveals that residues Gln-14, His-15, Lys-38, Thr-42, and His-128 at the active site are conserved as in all other RNase A homologues. Nevertheless, evidence for considerable divergence of ECP is also implicit in the structure. Amino acid residues Arg-7, Trp-10, Asn-39, His-64, and His-82 appear to play a key part in the substrate specificity and low catalytic activity of ECP. The structure also shows how the cationic residues are distributed on the surface of the ECP molecule that may have implications for an understanding of the cytotoxicity of this enzyme.
Research and Development of Fire Extinguishing Technology for Power Lithium Batteries (2018)

By summarizing the previous experimental studies on fire extinguishing of lithium battery, it was found that the lithium battery fire extinguishing exhibits some essential characteristics, such as long duration, high temperature, large water consumption and great difficulty in extinction. The applicability of fire extinguishing agent for power lithium batteries was analysed in this work. Through the acupuncture experiment, the different efficiencies of fire extinguishing agents were compared. It is expected to provide some useful references for future safety design and prevention of such lithium batteries.
The Synthesis of Antineoplastic Agents. XXXII. N-Nitrosoureas.1 I. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Antineoplastic Agents. XXXII. N-Nitrosoureas.1 I.Thomas P. Johnston, George S. McCaleb, and John A. MontgomeryCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 6, 669–681Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00342a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00342a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views680Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High resolution optical microscopy of animal tissues by the use of sub-micrometer thick sections and a new stain. (1980)

The introduction of 1 micron-thick sections from plastic embedded material represents a great technical improvement for the study of tissues under the optical microscope. However, even sections of this thickness appear too thick when observed with oil immersion objectives of high numerical aperture. The extremely shallow depth of field of these lenses allows them to differentiate several focal planes within a one micron thick section. This in turn results in ghost images being formed from out of focus structures, a problem particularly vexing when photomicrography is attempted. To circumvent this difficulty, we reduced the thickness of the sections down to an optimum of 0.4 micron. These thinner sections do require a very energetic stain to give enough contrast to the cellular structures; Stevenel Blue, a stain recently adapted for plastic sections [del Cerro et al., Microsc. Acta 83, (2), 117--121 (1980)] proved to be the most suitable for this purpose of several stains tested. In summary, submicrometer thick sections stained with Stevenel Blue allow to reach the limits of visibility permitted by the best available objectives and effectively merge the realm of optical microscopy with that of low power electron microscopy.
Strategies for Generation of an siRNA Expression Library Directed Against the Human Genome (2003)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon whereby expression of an individual gene is specifically silenced by the introduction of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) whose sequence is homologous to that of the gene in question. The generation of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression library directed against the entire human genome is a project that requires solutions to many difficult technical problems. We present here some strategies for solving some of these problems, including the development of genetically stable and highly active siRNA expression vectors, a procedure for selection of favorable target sites, and an efficient and inexpensive procedure for constructing an siRNA expression library.
One-Dimensional Thermomechanical Constitutive Relations for Shape Memory Materials (1990)

The use of the thermoelastic martensitic transformation and its reverse transformation has recently been proposed and demonstrated for several active control ap plications. However, the present constitutive models have lacked several important funda mental concepts that are essential for many of the proposed intelligent material system ap plications such as shape memory hybrid composites. A complete, unified, one-dimensional constitutive model of shape memory materials is developed and presented in this paper. The thermomechanical model formulation herein will investigate important material characteristics involved with the internal phase transformation of shape memory alloys. These characteristics include energy dissipation in the material that governs the damping behavior, stress-strain-temperature relations for pseudoelasticity, and the shape memory effect. Some numerical examples using the model are also presented.
Structure and Electrical Properties of Sputtered Films of Hafnium and Hafnium Compounds (1970)

The electrical properties of 2000–3000-Å-thick films of hafnium, hafnium nitrides, and hafnium dioxide have been studied. The properties of these films can be related to film structure and composition. Conditions were established under which hafnium films can be prepared by dc sputtering in pure argon with density and resistivity approaching that of pure bulk hafnium. Additions of low concentrations of nitrogen to the argon sputtering atmosphere result in the deposition of films consisting of a solid solution of nitrogen in hafnium. At intermediate nitrogen concentrations films of HfN, a compound with metallic properties, are obtained. Higher nitrogen concentrations in the sputtering atmosphere result in films of nonstoichiometric HfN containing excess nitrogen and finally of films of a higher nitride of hafnium having semiconducting properties. Sputtering in argon-oxygen mixtures above a critical oxygen concentration results in the deposition of HfO2 films with insulating properties.