gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiments in Fast Restoration using GMPLS in Optical / Electronic Mesh Networks (2001)

We present experimental results demonstrating that GMPLS with RSVP can be applied to optical/electrical mesh networks to yield ultra-fast provisioning and restoration times competitive with SONET rings, confirming results previously predicted by simulation.
Bending of oligonucleotides containing an isosteric nucleobase: 7-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine replacing dA within d(A)6 tracts (1989)

Decanucleotide duplexes of the parent sequence d(GGCA6C).d(CCGT6G) containing various numbers of 2'-deoxytubercidin (c7Ad) in place of 2'-deoxyadenosine have been synthesized. Phosphoramidites of protected c7Ad (3a,b) were used in automated solid-phase synthesis together with those of regular nucleosides. Upon enzymic 5'-phosphorylation and ligation, multimers of 5 and 7-11 were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and compared with regard to intrinsic, sequence-directed bending. Replacement of dA by c7Ad within the oligomers decreased bending, but the extent depends strongly on the position of incorporation: strong bending was still observed if the 3'- and 5'-terminal dA residues of the dA tract were replaced while the interruption of the d(A)6 tract by c7Ad reduced bending strongly.
Direct (Hetero)Arylation for the Synthesis of Molecular Materials: Coupling Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione with Perylene Diimide to Yield Novel Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells (2018)

Herein we report on the synthesis of an <i>N</i>-annulated perylene diimide (PDI) disubstituted thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) molecular acceptor (PDI-TPD-PDI) by direct heteroarylation (DHA) methods. Three sets of DHA conditions that explore the effects of solvent, temperature, and catalyst were employed to find the optimal conditions for the synthesis of two PDI-TPD-PDI derivatives. We then selected one PDI-TPD-PDI for use as a non-fullerene acceptor in organic solar cell devices with the donor polymer PBDB-T. Active layer bulk-heterojunction blends were modified using several post-deposition treatments, including thermal annealing, solvent vapour annealing, and high boiling solvent additives. It was found that active layers cast from <i>o</i>-dichlorobenzene with a 3% <i>v/v</i> diphenylether additive yielded films with adequate phase separation, and subsequently gave the best organic solar cell performance, with power conversion efficiencies greater than 3%.
Cotton Price Responsivenss to Quality in the U.S.: Textile Mill Prices Paid Vs. Producer Prices (1993)

An attribute pricing model was used to examine the impacts of cotton fiber characteristics on cotton prices in the U.S. market. Information on cotton prices and quality attributes from the USDA was used in the pricing analysis. Results revealed that all measured cotton quality attributes had significant impacts on prices paid by the U.S textile industry over the study period (1977-1990). In the formation of textile mill prices, the fiber quality attributes having impacts , in order of importance, were fiber length, whiteness, micronaire, fiber stregth, yellowness, and trash content. However, the fiber attributes of micronaire and length had no significant influence on the prices received by cotton producers. It was not concluded that the cotton market system was not operating efficiently in getting price signals through to cotton growers.
Cloning, Sequencing, and Disruption of the Gene Encoding Sterol C-14 Reductase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1992)

A sterol C-14 reductase (erg24-1) mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was selected in a fen1, fen2, suppressor background on the basis of nystatin resistance and ignosterol (ergosta-8,14-dienol) production. The erg24-1 allele segregated genetically as a single, recessive gene. The wild-type ERG24 gene was cloned by complementation onto a 12-kb fragment from a yeast genomic library, and subsequently subcloned onto a 2.4-kb fragment. This was sequenced and found to contain an open reading frame of 1,314 bp, predicting a polypeptide of 438 amino acids (M(r) 50,612). A 1,088-bp internal region of the ERG24 gene was excised, replaced with a LEU2 gene, and integrated into the chromosome of the parental strain, FP13D (fen1, fen2) by gene replacement. The ERG24 null mutant produced ergosta-8,14-dienol as the major sterol, indicating that the delta 8-7 isomerase, delta 5-desaturase and the delta 22-desaturase were inactive on sterols with the C14 = 15 double bond.
An implementation of a log-structured file system for UNIX (1993)

Research results [ROSE91] demonstrate that a log-structured file system (LFS) offers the potential for dramatically improved write performance, faster recovery time, and faster file creation and deletion than traditional UNIX file systems. This paper presents a redesign and implementation of the Sprite [ROSE91] log-structured file system that is more robust and integrated into the vnode interface [KLEI86]. Measurements show its performance to be superior to the 4BSD Fast File System (FFS) in a variety of benchmarks and not significantly less than FFS in any test. Unfortunately, an enhanced version of FFS (with read and write clustering) [MCVO91] provides comparable and sometimes superior performance to our LFS. However, LFS can be extended to provide additional functionality such as embedded transactions and versioning, not easily implemented in traditional file systems. 1. Introduction Early UNIX file systems used a small, fixed block size and made no attempt to optimize block place...
Development of human insulin-producing cells for cell therapy of diabetes. (2011)

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the loss of insulin-producing beta cells. While conventional treatment results in severe long-term complications, cell replacement therapy is a promising approach for the cure of this disease. However, its application is severally limited by the shortage of donor tissue. Hence, great research efforts concentrate on the development of an abundant cell source of functional beta-like cells, by pursuing three main strategies: Expansion of human donor beta cells in vitro, reprogramming of other cell types, and directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, both embryonic and patient-derived. The goal of all these approaches has been the generation of cells with properties that closely resemble the beta-cell phenotype, in particular production and storage of adequate amounts of mature insulin, and its regulated release in response to physiological signals. Here we review recent progress in all three approaches and discuss their advantages as well as remaining challenges.
Inhibition of stress‐stimulated colonic propulsion by α2‐adrenoceptor antagonists in rats (1998)

Alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonists have been reported to stimulate colonic motor activity, but the effect on colonic motor dysfunction is unclear. We have investigated the effect of alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists on wrap-restraint stress-stimulated and normal colonic propulsion in rats. Colonic propulsion was evaluated by the transit of a charcoal marker along the colon. Faecal pellets output was also measured. A 30-min exposure to wrap-restraint stress starting 120 min after infusion of the charcoal marker significantly stimulated colonic transit with a concomitant increase in faecal pellets. Yohimbine and idazoxan, alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, and atropine suppressed wrap-restraint stress-stimulated colonic transit and faecal excretion in a dose-dependent manner. Ondansetron and YM060, 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists, potently inhibited wrap-restraint stress-stimulated colonic transit, but only weakly inhibited faecal excretion. Neither alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists nor atropine had any significant effect on normal colonic transit, whereas clonidine and the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists inhibited it. alpha 2-Adrenoceptor antagonists as well as clonidine, atropine and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists inhibit the stress-induced colonic motor dysfunction in rats.
Thanks, but No Thanks: State Supreme Courts' Attempts to Remove Themselves from the Federal Habeas Exhaustion Requirement (2000)

The views expressed
Phorbol myristate acetate causes in guinea‐pig lung parenchymal strip a maintained spasm which is relatively resistant to isoprenaline (1985)

The effect of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was compared with that of histamine on the guinea-pig lung parenchymal strip. PMA, 10(-5) M, caused a slowly developing sustained contraction which had approximately the same magnitude as the maximal histamine contraction. Isoprenaline, at 10(-5) M, caused 86% relaxation of the histamine contraction but only 22% relaxation of the PMA contraction. Forskolin, at 10(-5) M had a similar action to isoprenaline on the effects of both spasmogens while aminophylline, 5 X 10(-4) M, was considerably less effective. Sodium nitroprusside had little effect on the histamine contraction and actually increased the PMA spasm. It is suggested that protein kinase C may have a role in the tonic phase of the contraction of bronchiolar smooth muscle. These findings could have relevance for the delayed phase of asthma, which is known to be insensitive to beta-agonists.
FliZ Regulates Expression of theSalmonellaPathogenicity Island 1 Invasion Locus by Controlling HilD Protein Activity inSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium (2010)

A prerequisite for Salmonella enterica to cause both intestinal and systemic disease is the direct injection of effector proteins into host intestinal epithelial cells via a type three secretion system (T3SS); the T3SS genes are carried on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1). These effector proteins induce inflammatory diarrhea and bacterial invasion. Expression of the SPI1 T3SS is tightly regulated in response to environmental signals through a variety of global regulatory systems. We have previously shown that three AraC-like regulators, HilD, HilC, and RtsA, act in a complex feed-forward regulatory loop to control the expression of the hilA gene, which encodes the direct regulator of the SPI1 structural genes. In this work, we characterize a major positive regulator of this system, the flagellar protein FliZ. Through genetic and biochemical analyses, we show that FliZ posttranslationally controls HilD to positively regulate hilA expression. This mechanism is independent of other flagellar components and is not mediated through the negative regulator HilE or through FliZ-mediated RpoS regulation. We demonstrate that FliZ controls HilD protein activity and not stability. FliZ regulates HilD in the absence of Lon protease, previously shown to degrade HilD. Indeed, it appears that FliZ, rather than HilD, is the most relevant target of Lon as it relates to SPI1 expression. Mutants lacking FliZ are significantly attenuated in their ability to colonize the intestine but are unaffected during systemic infection. The intestinal attenuation is partially dependent on SPI1, but FliZ has additional pleiotropic effects.
CEP-18770: A novel, orally active proteasome inhibitor with a tumor-selective pharmacologic profile competitive with bortezomib (2007)

Modulating protein ubiquitination via proteasome inhibition represents a promising target for cancer therapy, because of the higher sensitivity of cancer cells to the cytotoxic effects of proteasome inhibition. Here we show that CEP-18770 is a novel orally-active inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome that down-modulates the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity and the expression of several NF-kappaB downstream effectors. CEP-18770 induces apoptotic cell death in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines and in primary purified CD138-positive explant cultures from untreated and bortezomib-treated MM patients. In vitro, CEP-18770 has a strong antiangiogenic activity and potently represses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Importantly, CEP-18770 exhibits a favorable cytotoxicity profile toward normal human epithelial cells, bone marrow progenitors, and bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Intravenous and oral administration of CEP-18770 resulted in a more sustained pharmacodynamic inhibition of proteasome activity in tumors relative to normal tissues, complete tumor regression of MM xenografts and improved overall median survival in a systemic model of human MM. Collectively, these findings provide evidence for the utility of CEP-18770 as a novel orally active proteasome inhibitor with a favorable tumor selectivity profile for the treatment of MM and other malignancies responsive to proteasome inhibition.
The Role of Distraction in Improving the Space Available in the Lumbar Stenotic Canal and Foramen (1994)

The presence of posterior vertebral osteophytes was associated uniformly with poor improvement of space available in both stenotic canal and foramen.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON RING‐FUSED MESOIONIC THIAZOLO(3,2‐A)IMIDAZOLO(4,5‐D)PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES (1984)

Abstract Aus den Amino‐imidazolcarbonsäureestern (I) werden über die Mercaptopurine (IV) und die Tricyclen (VI) die Carbonsäuren (VII) hergestellt, die bei der Umsetzung mit Acetanhydrid in Pyridin die mesoionisehen Verbindungen (VIIIa), (VIIIb) bzw. (IX) ergeben.
Interaction of fimbriated and nonfimbriated strains of unencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae with human respiratory tract mucus in vitro (1995)

Adherence to mucus may influence bacterial colonization of the respiratory tract. Clinical isolates of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) from the respiratory tract are often fimbriated. We wondered whether fimbriated strains have a different adherence from related nonfimbriated strains. A microtitre plate assay has been developed to study adherence of nontypable H. influenzae to mucus. Wells were coated by incubation either with sol phase of sterile mucoid secretions or with purified preparations of mucins. Two laboratory pairs of fimbriated (F+) and nonfimbriated (F-) nontypable H. influenzae, and six fresh clinical isolates of fimbriated nontypable H. influenzae each with nonfimbriated partners derived by serial passage on agar, were cultured to mid-log phase, washed, and then added to the wells. They were then incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min before washing to remove unbound bacteria. Adherent bacteria were desorbed by agitation with 0.5% Tween 80 and a viable count performed. The two fimbriated laboratory strains (n = 12 and n = 17), and 5 of the 6 fimbriated clinical isolates were more adherent to sol phase than their respective nonfimbriated partners. Two nonfimbriated clinical isolates were more adherent to plastic than their fimbriated partners. A fimbriated laboratory strain was more adherent than its nonfimbriated partner both to a purified preparation of high molecular mass mucin and to the glycopeptide fraction of the same. We conclude that fimbriated strains of nontypable H. influenzae have increased adherence to sol phase of mucus and purified human respiratory tract mucin. The interactions of fimbriae with mucus are likely to be complex, and may involve both nonspecific and specific interactions.
Antithrombotic Effects of DMP 728, a Platelet GPIIb/IIIa Receptor Antagonist, in a Canine Model of Arterial Thrombosis (1994)

The platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor (GPIIb/IIIa, fibrinogen receptor) represents the final common pathway for platelet aggregation. Inhibition of GPIIb/IIIa with antibodies or peptides containing the RGD sequence has been reported to prevent arterial thrombosis. We examined DMP 728 [(cyclic[D-2-amino-butyryl-N2-methyl-L-arginyl-glycyl-L-aspartyl-3-(a min o- methyl-benzoic acid], methanesulfonic acid salt], a cyclic peptidomimetic, GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, for prevention of thrombosis and rethrombosis in a canine model of carotid artery thrombosis. Dogs were anesthetized, and both carotid arteries were instrumented with an electrode, a flow probe, and a stenosis. A 300-microA current was applied to the intimal surface in the right carotid artery (RCA, control) through the electrode; time to occlusive thrombus formation and thrombus mass was noted. The RCA served as the control vessel; the left carotid artery (LCA) served as the test vessel after DMP 728 administration (0.1 or 1. mg/kg, intravenously, i.v.). As compared with controls, occlusive thrombus formation was reduced by both doses of DMP 728 (control 100% n = 12; 0.1 mg/kg i.v. 17%, p < 0.05, n = 6; 1.0 mg/kg i.v. 0%, p < 0.05, n = 6), time to occlusion was increased (p < 0.05), and thrombus weight was reduced (p < 0.05). Ex vivo platelet aggregation was inhibited in all groups. In a second group of animals, a carotid artery thrombus was formed and lysed with anisoylated plasminogen activator complex (APSAC; 0.05 U/kg intraarterially, i.a.) with or without DMP 728.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Survivable virtual optical network mapping in flexible-grid optical networks (2014)

In this paper, we study the problem of survivable impairment-aware virtual optical network mapping in flexible-grid optical networks (SIA-VONM). The objective is to minimize the total cost of transponders, regenerators, and shared infrastructure for a given set of virtual optical networks, which can survive single link failures. We first provide the problem definition of SIA-VONM, and then formulate the problem as an integer linear program (ILP). We also develop a novel heuristic algorithm together with a baseline algorithm and a lower bound. Numerical results show that our proposed heuristic achieves results that are very close to those of the ILP for small scale problems, and that our proposed heuristic can solve large scale problems very well.
VC3: Trustworthy Data Analytics in the Cloud Using SGX (2015)

We present VC3, the first system that allows users to run distributed MapReduce computations in the cloud while keeping their code and data secret, and ensuring the correctness and completeness of their results. VC3 runs on unmodified Hadoop, but crucially keeps Hadoop, the operating system and the hyper visor out of the TCB, thus, confidentiality and integrity are preserved even if these large components are compromised. VC3 relies on SGX processors to isolate memory regions on individual computers, and to deploy new protocols that secure distributed MapReduce computations. VC3 optionally enforces region self-integrity invariants for all MapReduce code running within isolated regions, to prevent attacks due to unsafe memory reads and writes. Experimental results on common benchmarks show that VC3 performs well compared with unprotected Hadoop: VC3's average runtime overhead is negligible for its base security guarantees, 4.5% with write integrity and 8% with read/write integrity.
Low Intensity Laser Therapy Applied in the Healing of Wounds (2009)

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of Low Intensity Laser Therapy (LILT) on wound healing for patients presenting with pain, compromised neurological and physical function and tissue damage associated with vascular/diabetic ulcerations of the lower extremity. Methods: A retrospective case review of six patients treated with LILT (GaAlAs SLD, 660 nm, 750 mW, 3.6 J/cm2; GaAlAs SLD, 840 nm, 1,500 mW, 6.48 J/cm2; GaAlAs laser, 830 nm, 75 mW, 270 J/cm2) was conducted of clinical features including pain, measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), motor function, measured by range of motion (ROM) and visual outcome, measured by wound dimensions for six patients (n = 6; 5 males, 1 female; age = 67.83 years). Results: Significant progress with regard to alleviation of pain (ΔVAS = −5), improvements in motor function (ΔROM = +40%), epithelialization (wound closure rate = 3%/week) and complete wound closure was achieved. No recurrence of pathology at least one month post cessation of therapy was evident (x̄% reduction in wound area = 100%). Conclusions: LILT achieved consistent, effective and clear endpoints, was cost effective, created no adverse effects and ultimately led to the salvage of extremities.
A High-Resolution Imaging Touch Sensor (1982)

A dexterous robot manipulator must be able to feel what it is doing. The mechanical hand of the future will be able to roll a screw between its fingers and sense, by touch, which end is which. This paper describes a step toward such a manipulator, an imaging tactile sensor with hundreds of pressure sensors in a space the size of a fingertip. The sensor was designed as part of a tendon-actuated mechan ical finger, similar in size and range of motion to a human index finger (Hillis 1981). As a demonstration, the device was programmed to distinguish among several commonly used fastening devices—nuts, bolts, flat washers, lock washers, dowel pins, cotter pins, and set screws—by touching them with the finger and analyzing the tactile image. This paper describes how the tactile sensor array was constructed and how it works. The simple pattern- recognition techniques used in the demonstration program are also outlined. The final section notes some promising directions for future research.
Transcription termination: Nucleotide sequence at 3′ end of tryptophan operon in Escherichia coli (1978)

We have determined the RNA and DNA sequences in the region specifying termination of transcription at the end of the tryptophan (trp) operon of Escherichia coli. A 3'-terminal mRNA fragment of about 150 nucleotides yielded oligonucleotide products that could be assigned to the end of trpA (the last structural gene in the operon) by correlation with the amino acid sequence of the protein product. Analysis of the DNA corresponding to this region served to align the few noncoding RNA oligonucleotide sequences and demonstrated that termination of trp transcription occurs in vivo at a site 36 nucleotides after trpA, with greater than 95% efficiency. In two different strains partially defective in the transcription termination factor rho, the purified transcript is much longer and more complex, suggesting that a significant amount of read-through occurs in these strains. This is consistent with evidence [Guarente, L. P., Mitchell, D. H. & Beckwith, J. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 112, 423-436] that efficient termination in vivo at the end of the trp operon is a rho-dependent event. The trp terminator (trp t) shares several features with other known sites of transcription termination, including (i) a 3'-terminal RNA sequence of several uridine residues, C-A-U-U-U-U(OH), (ii) a G.C-rich region in the DNA immediately preceding the site of termination, followed by an A.T-rich region, and (iii) a region of dyad symmetry in the DNA which, in the transcript, is capable of forming a stable hairpin containing seven G.C base pairs and one A.U base pair in its stem.
Aging and Death in an Organism That Reproduces by Morphologically Symmetric Division (2005)

In macroscopic organisms, aging is often obvious; in single-celled organisms, where there is the greatest potential to identify the molecular mechanisms involved, identifying and quantifying aging is harder. The primary results in this area have come from organisms that share the traits of a visibly asymmetric division and an identifiable juvenile phase. As reproductive aging must require a differential distribution of aged and young components between parent and offspring, it has been postulated that organisms without these traits do not age, thus exhibiting functional immortality. Through automated time-lapse microscopy, we followed repeated cycles of reproduction by individual cells of the model organism Escherichia coli, which reproduces without a juvenile phase and with an apparently symmetric division. We show that the cell that inherits the old pole exhibits a diminished growth rate, decreased offspring production, and an increased incidence of death. We conclude that the two supposedly identical cells produced during cell division are functionally asymmetric; the old pole cell should be considered an aging parent repeatedly producing rejuvenated offspring. These results suggest that no life strategy is immune to the effects of aging, and therefore immortality may be either too costly or mechanistically impossible in natural organisms.