gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloud RAN for Mobile Networks—A Technology Overview (2014)

Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is a novel mobile network architecture which can address a number of challenges the operators face while trying to support growing end-user's needs. The main idea behind C-RAN is to pool the Baseband Units (BBUs) from multiple base stations into centralized BBU Pool for statistical multiplexing gain, while shifting the burden to the high-speed wireline transmission of In-phase and Quadrature (IQ) data. C-RAN enables energy efficient network operation and possible cost savings on baseband resources. Furthermore, it improves network capacity by performing load balancing and cooperative processing of signals originating from several base stations. This paper surveys the state-of-the-art literature on C-RAN. It can serve as a starting point for anyone willing to understand C-RAN architecture and advance the research on C-RAN.
Critical Role of Activated Protein C in Early Coagulopathy and Later Organ Failure, Infection and Death in Trauma Patients (2011)

Acute traumatic coagulopathy occurs in the presence of tissue hypoperfusion and severe traumatic injury and is mediated by activation of the PC pathway. Higher plasma levels of aPC upon admission are predictive of poor clinical outcomes after major trauma. After activation, patients who fail to recover physiologic plasma values of PC have an increased propensity to later nosocomial lung infection.
Recent Progress in Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics (2013)

Chemically bonded phosphate ceramics have made an excellent progress in the last 10 years and are poised to be one of the major inorganic room-temperature setting materials for nuclear, structural, dental, and prosthetic applications. They are also poised to be the first inorganic industrial coatings for fire and corrosion protection applications. In 2004 the author in his book, Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics , presented general theory, compositions, methods of fabrication, and preliminary commercial products that appeared in the market ten years ago. This paper reviews that background and presents advances of last ten years with an emphasis on the recent applications in the nuclear field.
Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equations (2020)

Creating noise from data is easy; creating data from noise is generative modeling. We present a stochastic differential equation (SDE) that smoothly transforms a complex data distribution to a known prior distribution by slowly injecting noise, and a corresponding reverse-time SDE that transforms the prior distribution back into the data distribution by slowly removing the noise. Crucially, the reverse-time SDE depends only on the time-dependent gradient field (\aka, score) of the perturbed data distribution. By leveraging advances in score-based generative modeling, we can accurately estimate these scores with neural networks, and use numerical SDE solvers to generate samples. We show that this framework encapsulates previous approaches in score-based generative modeling and diffusion probabilistic modeling, allowing for new sampling procedures and new modeling capabilities. In particular, we introduce a predictor-corrector framework to correct errors in the evolution of the discretized reverse-time SDE. We also derive an equivalent neural ODE that samples from the same distribution as the SDE, but additionally enables exact likelihood computation, and improved sampling efficiency. In addition, we provide a new way to solve inverse problems with score-based models, as demonstrated with experiments on class-conditional generation, image inpainting, and colorization. Combined with multiple architectural improvements, we achieve record-breaking performance for unconditional image generation on CIFAR-10 with an Inception score of 9.89 and FID of 2.20, a competitive likelihood of 2.99 bits/dim, and demonstrate high fidelity generation of 1024 x 1024 images for the first time from a score-based generative model.
The probable role of interferon in allergy. (1975)

Sera from 35 patients suffering from autoimmune or allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Werlhoff disease (autoimmune form), hemorrhagic vasculitis and neurodermatitis and sera from 70 donors were examined for the presence of interferon. Interferon was found in the sera of 17 of the patients but not in any one of the donors' sera. It is suggested that anit-interferon immunoglobulins against human leucocyte interferon should be employed in the treatment of autoimmune or allergic diseases because of the positive clinical results that were obtained. The different hypotheses describing the role of interferon in immunity and allergy are discussed.
The Choice of Anatomical Site for Islet Transplantation (2008)

Islet transplantation into the portal vein is the current clinical practice. However, it has now been recognized that this implantation site has several characteristics that can hamper islet engraftment and survival, such as low oxygen tension, an active innate immune system, and the provocation of an inflammatory response (IBMIR). These factors result in the loss of many transplanted islets, mainly during the first hours or days after transplantation, which could in part explain the necessity for the transplantation of islets from multiple pancreas donors to cure type 1 diabetes. This increases the burden on the limited pool of donor organs. Therefore, an alternative anatomical site for islet transplantation that offers maximum engraftment, efficacious use of produced insulin, and maximum patient safety is urgently needed. In this review, the experience with alternative sites for islet implantation in clinical and experimental models is discussed. Subcutaneous transplantation guarantees maximum patient safety and has become clinically applicable. Future improvements could be achieved with innovative designs for devices to induce neovascularization and protect the islets from cellular rejection. However, other sites, such as the omentum, offer drainage of produced insulin into the portal vein for direct utilization in the liver. The use of pigs would not only overcome the shortage of transplantable islets, but genetic modification could result in the expression of human genes, such as complement regulatory or "anticoagulation" genes in the islets to overcome some site-specific disadvantages. Eventually, the liver will most likely be replaced by a site that allows long-term survival of islets from a single donor to reverse type 1 diabetes.
Python Machine Learning (2015)

Unlock deeper insights into Machine Leaning with this vital guide to cutting-edge predictive analyticsAbout This BookLeverage Python's most powerful open-source libraries for deep learning, data wrangling, and data visualizationLearn effective strategies and best practices to improve and optimize machine learning systems and algorithmsAsk and answer tough questions of your data with robust statistical models, built for a range of datasetsWho This Book Is ForIf you want to find out how to use Python to start answering critical questions of your data, pick up Python Machine Learning whether you want to get started from scratch or want to extend your data science knowledge, this is an essential and unmissable resource.What You Will LearnExplore how to use different machine learning models to ask different questions of your dataLearn how to build neural networks using Keras and TheanoFind out how to write clean and elegant Python code that will optimize the strength of your algorithmsDiscover how to embed your machine learning model in a web application for increased accessibilityPredict continuous target outcomes using regression analysisUncover hidden patterns and structures in data with clusteringOrganize data using effective pre-processing techniquesGet to grips with sentiment analysis to delve deeper into textual and social media dataIn DetailMachine learning and predictive analytics are transforming the way businesses and other organizations operate. Being able to understand trends and patterns in complex data is critical to success, becoming one of the key strategies for unlocking growth in a challenging contemporary marketplace. Python can help you deliver key insights into your data its unique capabilities as a language let you build sophisticated algorithms and statistical models that can reveal new perspectives and answer key questions that are vital for success.Python Machine Learning gives you access to the world of predictive analytics and demonstrates why Python is one of the world's leading data science languages. If you want to ask better questions of data, or need to improve and extend the capabilities of your machine learning systems, this practical data science book is invaluable. Covering a wide range of powerful Python libraries, including scikit-learn, Theano, and Keras, and featuring guidance and tips on everything from sentiment analysis to neural networks, you'll soon be able to answer some of the most important questions facing you and your organization.Style and approachPython Machine Learning connects the fundamental theoretical principles behind machine learning to their practical application in a way that focuses you on asking and answering the right questions. It walks you through the key elements of Python and its powerful machine learning libraries, while demonstrating how to get to grips with a range of statistical models.
Design of Integrated Ring Extractor for High Resolution Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) 3D Printing (2016)

This paper presents an integrated ring extractor design in electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing, which can overcome the standoff height limitation in the EHD printing process, and improve printing capability for 3D structures. Standoff height in EHD printing will affect printing processes and limit the height of the printed structure when the ground electrode is placed under the substrate. In this work, we designed and integrated a ground ring electrode with the printing nozzle to achieve a self-working printer head, which can start and maintain the printing process without the involvement of the substrate. We applied FEA method to model the electrostatic field distribution and strength to direct the ring extractor design, which has the similar printing capability with the system using substrate as the ground electrode. We verified the ring electrode design by experiments, and the results from experiments demonstrated a good match with results in the FEA simulation. We have characterized the printing processes using the integrated ring extractor, and successfully applied newly designed ring extractor to print polycaprolactone (PCL) 3D structures.
Retinal ganglion cell death in experimental glaucoma and after axotomy occurs by apoptosis. (1995)

Some retinal ganglion cells injured by glaucoma and by axotomy die by apoptosis.
Analysis and Quantitation of NF-[kappa]B Nuclear Translocation in Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-[alpha]) Activated Vascular Endothelial Cells (2006)

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) is a heterodimeric transcription factor typically composed of p50 and p65 subunits and is a pleiotropic regulator of various inflammatory and immune responses. In quiescent cells, p50/p65 dimers are sequestered in the cytoplasm bound to its inhibitors, the I-kappaBs, which prevent entry into the nucleus. Following cellular stimulation, the I-kappaBs are rapidly degraded, activating NF-kappaB. The active form of NF-kappaB rapidly translocates into the nucleus, binding to consensus sequences in the promoter/enhancer region of various genes, promoting their transcription. In human vascular endothelial cells activated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, the activation and translocation of NF-kappaB is rapid, reaching maximal nuclear localization by 30 min. In this study, the appearance of NF-kappaB (p65 subunit, p65-NF-kappaB) in the nucleus visualized by immunofluorescence and quantified by morphometric image analysis (integrated optical density, IOD) is compared to the appearance of activated p65-NF-kappaB protein in the nucleus determined biochemically. The appearance of p65-NF-kappaB in the nucleus measured by fluorescence image analysis and biochemically express a linear correlation (R2 = 0.9477). These data suggest that localization and relative protein concentrations of NF-kappaB can be reliably determined from IOD measurements of the immunofluorescent labeled protein.
N-acetylcysteine improves liver function in patients with non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease. (2010)

N-acetylcysteine can improve liver function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Better results may be achievable in a longer follow up.
Mouse Jagged1 Physically Interacts with Notch2 and Other Notch Receptors (1999)

The Delta/Serrate/LAG-2 (DSL) domain containing proteins are considered to be ligands for Notch receptors. However, the physical interaction between DSL proteins and Notch receptors is poorly understood. In this study, we cloned a cDNA for mouse Jagged1 (mJagged1). To identify the receptor interacting with mJagged1 and to gain insight into its binding characteristics, we established two experimental systems using fusion proteins comprising various extracellular parts of mJagged1, a "cell" binding assay and a "solid-phase" binding assay. mJagged1 physically bound to mouse Notch2 (mNotch2) on the cell surface and to a purified extracellular portion of mNotch2, respectively, in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Scatchard analysis of mJagged1 binding to BaF3 cells and to the soluble Notch2 protein demonstrated dissociation constants of 0.4 and 0.7 nM, respectively, and that the number of mJagged1-binding sites on BaF3 is 5,548 per cell. Furthermore, deletion mutant analyses showed that the DSL domain of mJagged1 is a minimal binding unit and is indispensable for binding to mNotch2. The epidermal growth factor-like repeats of mJagged1 modulate the affinity of the interaction, with the first and second repeats playing a major role. Finally, solid-phase binding assay showed that Jagged1 binds to Notch1 and Notch3 in addition to Notch2, suggesting that mJagged1 is a ligand for multiple Notch receptors.
Cleavage of Insertion/Deletion Mismatches, Flap and Pseudo-Y DNA Structures by Deoxyinosine 3′-Endonuclease from Escherichia coli (1996)

Deoxyinosine 3'-endonuclease, an Escherichia coli repair enzyme that recognizes and cleaves DNA containing deoxyinosine and base mismatches, can cleave heteroduplexes containing a hairpin or unpaired loop. These DNA structures, referred to as insertion/deletion mismatches (IDM), are abnormal intermediate structures generated during replication of repetitive DNA sequences. In addition, the enzyme also cleaved the 5'-single-stranded tails of flap and pseudo-Y DNA structures, suggesting that deoxyinosine 3'-endonuclease is a bacterial functional homologue of human FEN1 and yeast RTH1 nucleases. These biochemical properties suggest that deoxyinosine 3'-endonuclease might be important in the repair of IDM structures generated in lagging strand during DNA replication.
Effects of Caribbean sponge extracts on bacterial attachment (2003)

Attachment is one of the first steps in bacterial colonization. By inhibiting bacterial attachment on surface cells, sponges may not only prevent infection, but also the process of biofouling. Crude organic extracts from 26 species of Caribbean sponges were assayed for their ability to inhibit bacterial attachment. Bacterial attachment was tested using Vibrio harveyi, a motile marine bacterium, isolated from seawater collected above one of the reefs from which sponges were sampled. Extracts were incorporated into agar blocks at concentrations volumetrically equivalent to whole sponge tissue. Extracts from 21 of 26 species (81%) resulted in bacterial attachment on treated blocks that was < 40% of attachment on controls. Of these extracts, 9 were particularly active, with mean levels of attachment < 8% of controls (Agelas conifera, Ailochroia crassa, Aka coralliphagum, Amphimedon compressa, Aplysina fulva, Erylus formosus, Plakortis halichondroides, Ptilocaulis spiculifera, Verongula gigantea). Extracts from 4 species (Ailochroia crassa, Chondrilla nucula, Ectyoplasia ferox, and Iotrochota birotulata) inhibited bacterial attachment in this assay but were not found to inhibit bacterial growth in a previous study. Purified compounds that deterred feeding of predatory fishes in a prior study were also tested for their effects on bacterial attachment; they were: oroidin, 4, 5-dibromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and sceptrin from Agelas species, amphitoxin from A. compressa, aeroplysinin-1 and dibromocyclohexadienone from Aplysina species, steroidal glycosides from E. ferox, and formoside from E. formosus. Of these, all but the steroidal glycosides from E. ferox deterred bacterial attachment at natural concentrations, providing evidence that sponge secondary metabolites may have multiple ecological functions.
Synthesis of 3-Indazolecarboxylic Esters and Amides via Pd-Catalyzed Carbonylation of 3-Iodoindazoles (2011)

A straightforward and effective procedure for the preparation of 1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid esters and amides was developed. A series of functionalized 3-iodoindazoles were subjected to Pd-catalyzed carbonylations in the presence of methanol or amines, yielding the title compounds in moderate to good yield. For the majority of examples, the reaction proceeded cleanly under mild conditions, which were readily tolerated by a diverse range of functional groups that allow further synthetic transformations.
Allergen-responsive CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in Children who Have Outgrown Cow's Milk Allergy (2004)

Cow's milk allergy in children is often of short duration, which makes this disorder an interesting clinical model for studies of tolerance to dietary antigens. Here, we studied T cell responses in 21 initially allergic children who, after a milk-free period of >2 mo, had cow's milk reintroduced to their diet. Children who outgrew their allergy (tolerant children) had higher frequencies of circulating CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and decreased in vitro proliferative responses to bovine beta-lactoglobulin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) compared with children who maintained clinically active allergy. No significant difference in proliferative activity stimulated by the polyclonal mitogen phytohemagglutinin was observed between the two groups. Depletion of CD25(+) cells from PBMCs of tolerant children led to a fivefold increase in in vitro proliferation against beta-lactoglobulin. This suggests that tolerance is associated with the appearance of circulating CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells that are capable of suppressing the effector T cells generated 1 wk after reintroduction of cow's milk. The suppressive function of the CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells was shown to be partly cell contact dependent. Collectively, our study provides human data to suggest that mucosal induction of tolerance against dietary antigens is associated with the development of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells.
Connexins and their channels in inflammation (2016)

Inflammation may be caused by a variety of factors and is a hallmark of a plethora of acute and chronic diseases. The purpose of inflammation is to eliminate the initial cell injury trigger, to clear out dead cells from damaged tissue and to initiate tissue regeneration. Despite the wealth of knowledge regarding the involvement of cellular communication in inflammation, studies on the role of connexin-based channels in this process have only begun to emerge in the last few years. In this paper, a state-of-the-art overview of the effects of inflammation on connexin signaling is provided. Vice versa, the involvement of connexins and their channels in inflammation will be discussed by relying on studies that use a variety of experimental tools, such as genetically modified animals, small interfering RNA and connexin-based channel blockers. A better understanding of the importance of connexin signaling in inflammation may open up towards clinical perspectives.
Comparison of trans-dominant inhibitory mutant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genes expressed by retroviral vectors in human T lymphocytes (1993)

trans-Dominant inhibitory mutant versions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) regulatory genes tat and rev have previously been described. We have constructed a series of retroviral vectors to transduce these genes and compare their inhibitory activities. The inhibitory activities were measured with transient transfection assays by using a reporter which expresses an HIV-1 gag-Escherichia coli lacZ fusion protein with strict dependence on coexpression of both tat and rev. Additionally, the vectors were packaged as amphotropic virions and used to stably transduce human CEM T lymphocytes. The transduced CEM cells were challenged with HIV-1, and the effects of the mutant HIV-1 genes were determined by measuring the levels of HIV-1 p24gag produced. A tat gene substituted at amino acid 41 (tatk41a) retained partial trans-activating activity and lacked inhibitory activity. A tat gene with a premature stop codon at amino acid 54 (tat54ter) showed moderate trans-dominant inhibition of the reporter plasmid but failed to significantly inhibit HIV-1 replication. The M10 rev mutant, with a 2-amino-acid substitution, showed strong trans-dominant inhibitory activity both in the reporter plasmid and in the HIV-1 infection assay. The greatest inhibition of HIV-1 growth was seen when M10 was expressed under the transcriptional control of a human cytomegalovirus promoter; slightly less inhibition was achieved when expression of M10 was controlled by the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat, and minimal inhibition was seen when the HIV-1 long terminal repeat controlled the M10 gene. These results demonstrate the potential utility of retroviral vectors expressing trans-dominant inhibitory mutant HIV-1 genes for gene therapy approaches to AIDS.
Principles of a three-dimensional molecular electronic memory (1983)

The principles of a memory are described. Information is stored as presence or absence of injected charge on organic molecules. The molecular structure is made of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers of polydiacetylenes. Means of writing in and reading out are given.
9 Emerging Viral Vectors (1999)

Gene therapy is already in clinical use with a number of viral and nonviral vector systems (Marcel and Grausz 1997). Nevertheless, there are a number of perceived and proven issues with some of these systems (e.g., the immunogenicity and toxicity of some versions of adenoviral vectors [Dodge 1995; Knowles et al. 1995], and the insertional activation/inactivation of retrovirus vectors [Temin 1990]). Although some of these issues may be the normal obstacles encountered in trying to develop new human therapies, one response to them has been the active investigation in a number of laboratories and clinical situations of alternative delivery systems. Vector systems are now being developed from additional viruses, based in part on their desirable properties or avoidance of particular safety issues. The reasons for examining one vector system in particular vary, but they usually fall into the following classes:The system has a particularly attractive property (e.g., very high levels of transgene expression over a limited period of time for alphavirus vectors). The system has a format for which there is extensive clinical experience (e.g., vaccinia vectors). The system seems simple or easy to develop in order to make clinical material in large quantities (e.g., baculovirus or other vectors, such as Avipox, that replicate in nonhuman cells but abortively infect human cells). There is extensive understanding of the viral life cycle and molecular virology (e.g., simian virus 40, herpes simplex virus, and alphavirus). Many systems combine some of these properties, and in fact a number...