gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
cDNA clone coding for part of a mouse H-2d major histocompatibility antigen. (1981)

mRNA coding for mouse major transplantation antigens of the d haplotype was partially purified, copied into double-stranded cDNA, and cloned in Escherichia coli. Clones were selected by their ability to hybridize specifically with mRNA coding for H-2K, D, or L antigens. One of these clones, pH-2d-1, carries a 1200-base-pair insert, comprising the noncoding region, including poly(A) at the 3' end and part of the coding region. A partial sequence of the latter region showed extensive homology with the known amino acid sequences of H-2Kb,Kk, and HLA-B7 antigens. From this comparison, it appears that the coding region extends from amino acid 133 in the second domain, through the third domain, to the cytoplasmic COOH-terminal region. A stretch of 24 hydrophobic or uncharged residues, located 31 amino acids from the COOH-terminal end, could represent the segment that spans the membrane. This is followed on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane by a cluster of basic amino acids and a possible phosphorylation site on a threonine residue.
β-(2,4,6-Cycloheptatrien-1-yl)ethylcarbene. The Synthesis of 9-Substituted Bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4,7-trienes and 9-Substituted Barbaralanes (1972)

Abstract The thermal decomposition of sodium salt of (2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-yl)acetaldehydes tosylhydrazone (4, 6, and 8) afforded 9-substituted bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4,7-triene (9, 11, and 14) and 9-substituted barbaralane (10, 12, and 15). In the case of 8, products containing two nitrogen atoms (17 and 18) were isolated. The structure and the photochemical reaction of 17 provided strong support for the intermediacy of the tetracyclo[4.3.0.02,9.05,7]-nona-3-ene (37) derivative for the formation of the bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4,7-triene derivatives. The difference in energy surface between C9H10 and C10H10 hydrocarbons was discussed.
Mapping and Cloning of Late Blight Resistance Genes from Solanum venturii Using an Interspecific Candidate Gene Approach (2009)

Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases of potato. Resistance (R) genes from the wild species Solanum demissum have been used by breeders to generate late-blight-resistant cultivars but resistance was soon overcome by the pathogen. A more recent screening of a large number of wild species has led to the identification of novel sources of resistance, many of which are currently being characterized further. Here, we report on the cloning of dominant Rpi genes from S. venturii. Rpi-vnt1.1 and Rpi-vnt1.3 were mapped to chromosome 9 using nucleotide binding site (NBS) profiling. Subsequently, a Tm-2(2)-based allele mining strategy was used to clone both genes. Rpi-vnt1.1 and Rpi-vnt1.3 belong to the coiled-coil NBS leucine-rich repeat (LRR) class of plant R genes and encode predicted peptides of 891 and 905 amino acids (aa), respectively, which share 75% amino acid identity with the Tomato mosaic virus resistance protein Tm-2(2) from tomato. Compared with Rpi-vnt1.1, Rpi-vnt1.3 harbors a 14-aa insertion in the N-terminal region of the protein and two different amino acids in the LRR domain. Despite these differences, Rpi-vnt1.1 and Rpi-vnt1.3 genes have the same resistance spectrum.
Biodiesel from Used Frying Oil. Variables Affecting the Yields and Characteristics of the Biodiesel (2005)

A study was performed of the transesterification reaction of used frying oil by means of methanol, using sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, and potassium methoxide as catalysts. The objective of the work was to characterize the methyl esters for use as biodiesels in compression ignition motors. The operation variables used were methanol/oil molar ratio (3:1−9:1), catalyst concentration (0.1−1.5 wt %), temperature (25−65 °C), and catalyst type. Also, experiments in two stages of reaction, with separation of the glycerol in the first stage, were carried out. The evolution of the process was followed by gas chromatography, determining the concentration of the methyl esters at different reaction times. The biodiesel was characterized by its density, viscosity, high heating value, cetane index, cloud and pour points, characteristics of distillation, flash and combustion points, saponification value, and iodine value according to ISO norms. The biodiesel with the best properties was obtained using a methanol/oil molar ratio of 6:1, potassium hydroxide as catalyst (1%), and 65 °C temperature. This biodiesel had properties very similar to those of no. 2 diesel. The two-stage transesterification was better than the one-stage process.
Glyphosate Timing and Tillage System Effects on Glyphosate-Resistant Canola (Brassica napus)1 (2002)

Glyphosate-resistant canola has been widely adopted in western Canada. This has prompted producer interest in the timing of glyphosate application, particularly under zero tillage, where glyphosate is often applied preseeding. Field experiments were conducted at Lacombe, Edmonton, and Beaverlodge in Alberta in 1997, 1998, and 1999 to determine the importance of preseeding glyphosate and the most effective growth stage to apply glyphosate to canola to optimize yield and weed management. Treatments consisted of zero-tillage systems, with and without preseeding glyphosate, and a conventional-tillage system involving preseeding tillage operations. Glyphosate was applied at the one- to two-, three- to four-, or five- to six-leaf stages of canola in each tillage system. Canola yield and weed dry weight were largely unaffected by the tillage system. In most instances, the highest canola yields occurred when glyphosate was applied early to the crop. The opposite occurred at Lacombe and Edmonton in 1999, however, where canola yield increased as glyphosate was applied at later crop growth stages. This yield benefit likely resulted from the control of late-emerging weeds that exerted competitive pressure on canola. Early glyphosate timing in glyphosate-resistant canola may eliminate the need for preseeding glyphosate in zero-tillage systems, and optimize yield and weed control.Nomenclature: Glyphosate; canola, Brassica napus L. ‘Quest’.Additional index words: Critical period of weed control, direct seeding, preseeding glyphosate application, reduced tillage, zero tillage.
The glycosylated seed storage proteins of Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris. Structural homologies of genes and proteins. (1986)

Considerable information is now available concerning the 7 S seed storage proteins of legumes and the genes that encode them. Our study compares the gene encoding a beta-type subunit of phaseolin (Pvu beta), the 7 S protein of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), with the gene encoding an alpha'-subunit of beta-conglycinin (Gma alpha'), the 7 S protein of soybean (Glycine max). The comparison involves 2880 base pairs of Pvu beta and 3636 base pairs of Gma alpha' and includes approximately 1 kilobase pair of 5'-flanking sequences, and 5' and 3' untranslated sequences, as well as the six exons and five introns that are found to occur in similar positions in both genes. Conserved sequences in the 5'-flanking regions of these genes are discussed in light of their potential regulatory role. Published sequences for 7 S genes of pea (Pisum sativum) permit the inference of the nature and direction of evolutionary change and, in particular, show that the major size difference between the large Gma alpha' polypeptide and the smaller polypeptides of pea and common bean is due to a large insertion in the first exon of Gma alpha'. Comparisons of protein primary structure, potential glycosylation sites, and predicted protein hydropathy show that strongly conserved features of 7 S proteins cut across exon boundaries and that nonconserved regions exist that may have potential for protein modification.
Effect of interleukin 6 on in vitro human megakaryocytopoiesis: its interaction with other cytokines. (1989)

The effects of human recombinant interleukin 6 (rIL-6) on in vitro human megakaryocytopoiesis were studied utilizing a serum-depleted culture system. Recombinant IL-6 increased both the number of megakaryocyte (MK) colonies formed and the number of cells comprising individual MK colonies cloned from normal low-density bone marrow (LDBM) cells. This stimulation of MK colony number and size was significantly less than that observed following the addition of recombinant interleukin 3 (rIL-3) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF). The addition of either rIL-3 or rGM-CSF, but not rIL-6 promoted MK colony formation by nonadherent, low-density, T-cell-depleted (NALDT-) marrow cells. Recombinant interleukin 1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha) and interleukin 4 (rIL-4) failed either to promote LDBM MK colony formation when added alone or to significantly increase rIL-6-promoted MK colony formation. MK colony formation promoted by optimal doses of rIL-6 was, in fact, significantly inhibited by rIL-1 alpha at all concentrations tested. Addition of either recombinant erythropoietin (rEpo) or purified thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF) to assays containing rIL-6 also resulted in significant inhibition of MK colony formation. The effect of suboptimal concentrations of rIL-6 on MK colony formation was additive to that of rIL-3 but not rGM-CSF. The addition of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) resulted in a 58% reduction of rIL-6-promoted MK colony formation by LDBM. These data suggest that rIL-6 can promote in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis and that this effect can be either augmented or inhibited by the addition of several other cytokines. Recombinant IL-6, however, might affect the MK colony-forming unit (CFU-MK) by acting through bone marrow accessory cells or requiring the presence of as yet unidentified additional cytokines.
Structure determination of the [Fe(teec)6](BF4)2 metal complex from laboratory and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data with grid-search techniques (2001)

The structure of the coordination compound [Fe(teec)(6)](BF(4))(2), hexa[1-(2-chloroethyl)tetrazole]iron(II) di(borotetrafluoride), has been determined using the grid-search techniques of the program suite MRIA. A Guinier-camera data set was used to determine the unit cell, the space group and to position the initial model. A high-resolution synchrotron powder data set was used to position a more detailed model using torsion-angle variation and to refine the structure leading to Rp = 0.0689, Rw = 0.0805 and GoF = 1.38. The crystal structure at room temperature shows the existence of two symmetry-equivalent iron(II) ions in the high-spin state.
Numerical Study of High-Temperature Air Combustion Using Different Jet Nozzle (2011)

High-Temperature Air Combustion (HTAC) is an advanced combustion technology with the advantage of energy saving and low nitrogen oxide pollutant emission. A swirling burner was designed to further improve the HTAC performance and a numerical simulation was carried out based on CFD technology to investigate the combustion process of methane under different jet parameters. The RSM turbulence model was used to calculate the turbulent flow and EBU combustion model was used to calculate the combustion process of methane gas. DO radiation model was applied to simulate heat transfer between the furnace walls and the flue gas. A full mechanism of NOX production and reduction was considered, i.e. the thermal and prompt NOX, the N2O inter-media path to form NO and the NO reduction by reburning. Experimental data from published papers were used to validate the present model. Numerical results showed that a swirling burner could enhance there circulation of the flue gas in the furnace to enlarge low oxygen area, resulting in a more uniform temperature field with a lower temperature uniformity ratio, which determined the final low emission of NO.
Low Temperature Poly-Si Thin Film Transistor on Plastic Substrates (2005)

Poly-Si TFT (Thin Film transistor) fabricated below 170°C using excimer laser crystallization of sputtered Si films was characterized. In particular, a gate insulator with a breakdown field exceeding 8 MV/cm was deposited by using ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition). A buffer layer possessing high thermal conductivity was inserted between the active channel and the plastic substrate, in order to pasted the plastic substrate from the thermal energy of the laser and to increase adhesion of Si film on plastic. Using this method, we successfully fabricate TFT with a stable electron field-effect mobility value greater than 14.7 cm 2 /vsec.
Controlled Destruction and Temperature Distributions in Biological Tissues Subjected to Monoactive Electrocoagulation (1980)

An analysis of the temperature fields developed in a biological tissue undergoing a monoactive electrical coagulating process is presented, including thermal recovery following prolonged heating. The analysis is performed for the passage of alternating current and assumes a homogeneous and isotropic tissue model which is uniformly perfused by blood at arterial temperature. Solution for the one-dimensional spherical geometry is obtained by a Laplace transform and numerical integrations. Results obtained indicate the major role which blood perfusion plays in determining the effects of the coagulating process; tissue temperatures and depth of destruction are drastically reduced as blood perfusion increases. Metabolic heat generation rate is found to have negligible effects on tissue temperatures whereas electrode thermal inertia affects temperature levels appreciably. However, electrodes employed in practice would have a low thermal inertia which might be regarded as zero for all practical purposes. It is also found that the depth of tissue destruction is almost directly proportional to the electrical power and duration of application. To avoid excessively high temperatures and charring, it would be advantageous to reduce power and increase the time of application. Results of this study should be regarded as a first approximation to the rather complex phenomena associated with electrocoagulation. They may, nevertheless, serve as preliminary guidelines to practicing surgeons applying this technique.
기계화학공정(機械化學工程)에 의한 은(銀)염화물로부터 고순도 은(銀)분말 제조(製造) (2006)

기계화학적공정을 이용한 고순도 미립 은분말 제조를 목적으로 동일당량비의 염화은 (AgCl)과 구리(Cu)분말을 혼합하여, 이를 대기조건에서 유성밀로 반응진행 시켰다. 염화은과 구리분말의 초기 혼합물은 반응을 통하여 염화구리와 은분말의 새로운 혼합 상으로 변화하였다. 반응생성물로부터 은분말의 고순도 분리는 1 mol의 수산화암모늄에 의한 침출처리를 실시함으로써 가능하였다. 또한, 기계화학공정에 의한 기능재료 합성에 있어서, 가장 큰 단점인 강한 응집반응생성물을 제어하고자, 첨가제 polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)를 혼합 분쇄하였으며, 그 결과 반응생성 은분말의 미립화, 강한 응집상 억제가 가능하였고, 또한 침출공정에서는 고순도 분리된 은분말의 표면산화를 억제하는 효과도 얻을 수 있었다. 【An equal-molar mixture of silver chloride (AgCl) and copper (Cu) was ground in atmosphere conditions using a planetary ball mill to investigate mechanochemical (MC) reaction for preparation of silver powders. The reaction causes the mixture of AgCl and Cu to change the composition of the mixture, such as silver (Ag) and cuprous chloride (CuCl). Through the leaching with ammonium hydroxide solution (1 mol), CuCl can be separated from MC product, so that pure Ag powders can be obtained as the final product. Moreover, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as the additive not only to improve dispersion of Ag pow- der during MC process, but also to control surface oxidation of Ag powders, prepared as the final product.】
Ruthenium Complexes of Phosphine—Aminophosphine Ligands. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Covalent Attachment and Derivatization of Poly(l-lysine) Monolayers on Gold Surfaces As Characterized by Polarization−Modulation FT-IR Spectroscopy (1996)

A monolayer of poly(l-lysine) (PL) is attached covalently via amide bonds to an alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a gold surface. The amide bond is formed in two steps: the terminal carboxylic acid groups of an 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) SAM are first activated to the N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHSS) ester, followed by reaction of this MUA-NHSS ester monolayer with the amino groups of PL to create multiple amide bond linkages to the surface. The reactivity and packing density of the MUA-NHSS esters are investigated in detail by reacting these intermediates with ammonia (NH3). In the NH3 experiments, approximately 50% of the carboxylic acids in the MUA monolayer are converted to amides during the first cycle of this two-step surface reaction. This reaction yield of 50% is limited by the steric packing of the NHSS ester intermediate. However, after three cycles of MUA activation to the NHSS ester and reaction with NH3, nearly all of the MUA molecules (∼80%) are converted to amides. Polarization−modulation Fourier transform infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy (PM-FT-IRRAS) is employed to study both the NH3 and PL reactions on the gold surface. The PM-FT-IRRAS spectrum of a covalently attached PL monolayer indicates that amide bonds are formed with the underlying MUA molecules. This conclusion is confirmed by the fact that the covalent PL monolayer resists desorption despite immersion into solutions of pH < 2 or pH > 12. Finally, the PL is derivatized with a bifunctional NHSS ester−maleimide molecule either by reaction in solution prior to covalent attachment or by reaction with PL already adsorbed to the surface. Up to 50% of the total number of lysine amino groups are converted to maleimide groups, which can be used for the subsequent attachment of sulfhydryl-containing biomolecules.
Inhibition of Murine Neutrophil Recruitment In Vivo by CXC Chemokine Receptor Antagonists (1999)

In this study, we have examined the ability of chemokine receptor antagonists to prevent neutrophil extravasation in the mouse. Two murine CXC chemokines, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 and KC, stimulated the accumulation of leukocytes into s.c. air pouches, although MIP-2 was considerably more potent. The leukocyte infiltrate was almost exclusively neutrophilic in nature. A human CXC chemokine antagonist, growth-related oncogene (GRO)-alpha(8-73), inhibited calcium mobilization induced by MIP-2, but not by platelet-activating factor in leukocytes isolated from the bone marrow, indicating that this antagonist inhibits MIP-2 activity toward murine leukocytes. Pretreatment of mice with GROalpha(8-73) inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the MIP-2-induced influx of neutrophils to levels that were not significantly different from control values. Moreover, this antagonist was also effective in inhibiting the leukocyte recruitment induced by TNF-alpha, LPS, and IL-1beta. Leukocyte infiltration into the peritoneal cavity in response to MIP-2 was also inhibited by prior treatment of mice with GROalpha(8-73) or the analogue of platelet factor 4, PF4(9-70). The results of this study indicate 1) that the murine receptor for MIP-2 and KC, muCXCR2, plays a major role in neutrophil recruitment to s.c. tissue and the peritoneal cavity in response to proinflammatory agents and 2) that CXCR2 receptor antagonists prevent acute inflammation in vivo.
Allogeneic transplantation in lymphoma: current status (2007)

Allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (allo-SCT) is being increasingly used to treat patients with lymphoma. We describe current results of allo-SCT in patients with Hodgkin's disease, indolent lymphoma including Waldenström's disease, and aggressive lymphoma including mantle cell lymphoma and mature T-cell lymphomas. A Graft-vs.-Lymphoma (GvL) effect is present in most entities as evidenced by the generally lower relapse rates after allo-SCT and the results of donor lymphocyte infusions. Slowly proliferating diseases like chronic lymphocytic leukemia, indolent lymphomas, and some T-cell lymphomas are particularly sensitive to the effects of allogeneic T-cells while patients with Hodgkin's disease and aggressive lymphoma may need vigorous debulking before allo-SCT to achieve optimal results. Although reduced-intensity conditioning has lowered transplant-related mortality in most and improved survival in some sub-entities, relapse rates in patients with Hodgkin's disease and aggressive B-cell lymphomas, as well as in patients with heavily pre-treated and refractory lymphoma, remain high and further improvement is undoubtedly needed. Large prospective studies in well-defined entities are necessary to further clarify the role of allo-SCT in lymphoma.
CCR11 Is a Functional Receptor for the Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein Family of Chemokines (2000)

Chemokines mediate their diverse activities through G protein-coupled receptors. The human homolog of the bovine orphan receptor PPR1 shares significant similarity to chemokine receptors. Transfection of this receptor into murine L1.2 cells resulted in responsiveness to monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-4, MCP-2, and MCP-1 in chemotaxis assays. Binding studies with radiolabeled MCP-4 demonstrated a single high affinity binding site with an IC(50) of 0.14 nM. As shown by competition binding, other members of the MCP family also recognized this receptor. MCP-2 was the next most potent ligand, with an IC(50) of 0.45 nM. Surprisingly, eotaxin (IC(50) = 6.7 nM) and MCP-3 (IC(50) = 4.1 nM) bind with greater affinity than MCP-1 (IC(50) = 10.7 nM) but only act as agonists in chemotaxis assays at 100-fold higher concentrations. Because of high affinity binding and functional chemotactic responses, we have termed this receptor CCR11. The gene for CCR11 was localized to human chromosome 3q22, which is distinct from most CC chemokine receptor genes at 3p21. Northern blot hybridization was used to identify CCR11 expression in heart, small intestine, and lung. Thus CCR11 shares functional similarity to CCR2 because it recognizes members of the MCP family, but CCR11 has a distinct expression pattern.
Transduction of imipenem resistance by the phage F-116 from a nosocomial strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in Slovakia. (1994)

Generalized transducting Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage F-116 was propagated in an Imipenem (IMI)-resistant clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa No. 191 and the phage was then used to transduce the IMI-resistance to a susceptible auxotrophic mutant strain of the same species. Transduction seems to be a suitable method for study of resistance determinant(s) and mechanism of resistance in this important species. It was found that the IMI-resistance of the clinical strain No. 191 is caused by production of a betalactamase specifically hydrolyzing this antibiotic.
Analysis of sum-product decoding of low-density parity-check codes using a Gaussian approximation (2001)

Density evolution is an algorithm for computing the capacity of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes under message-passing decoding. For memoryless binary-input continuous-output additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels and sum-product decoders, we use a Gaussian approximation for message densities under density evolution to simplify the analysis of the decoding algorithm. We convert the infinite-dimensional problem of iteratively calculating message densities, which is needed to find the exact threshold, to a one-dimensional problem of updating the means of the Gaussian densities. This simplification not only allows us to calculate the threshold quickly and to understand the behavior of the decoder better, but also makes it easier to design good irregular LDPC codes for AWGN channels. For various regular LDPC codes we have examined, thresholds can be estimated within 0.1 dB of the exact value. For rates between 0.5 and 0.9, codes designed using the Gaussian approximation perform within 0.02 dB of the best performing codes found so far by using density evolution when the maximum variable degree is 10. We show that by using the Gaussian approximation, we can visualize the sum-product decoding algorithm. We also show that the optimization of degree distributions can be understood and done graphically using the visualization.