gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endotracheal Intubation Device with a Charge Couple Device Camera (2003)

We developed an orotracheal intubation device equipped with a charge couple device (CCD) camera, providing a wide field of vision. We used this device to perform endotracheal intubations in 62 anesthetized patients undergoing dental treatment and oral surgery. The time required to perform an endotracheal intubation with this system was examined. The use of this system is described below. The wand with the CCD camera was inserted into the oropharyngeal cavity. The oropharynx, including the epiglottis and glottis, could be visualized on the monitor screen. The tube introducer was inserted into the trachea through the vocal cords via the side tube of the wand. The wand with the CCD camera was withdrawn, leaving the tube introducer in the trachea. The endotracheal tube was then inserted into the trachea by using the tube introducer as a guide. The time required for the procedure was determined. The mean total time for the procedure was 41.2 s (maximum, 155 s; minimum, 14 s). There were no significant differences in this procedure when the patients were grouped according to the Cormack and Lehane classification. There was no failure to intubate using this system. Because the device can extensively visualize not only the larynx, glottis, and vocal cords, but also the movement of the tube introducer, on the monitor screen via the CCD camera, endotracheal intubation can be easily performed while the vocal cords are visualized on the monitor screen.
Phosphorylation of indoles with phosphorus(III) acid chlorides (1985)

It has been observed that the reactions of derivatives of P(III) acids with primary aromatic amines are accompanied by the breakage of P-C1 and P-N bonds. In view of this, the authors model such reactions on indole and its homologs with the use of phosphoramidous monoand di-chlorides, phosphoro-chloridites and -dichloridites, and monoand di-chlorophosphines are phosphorylating agents. In the P 31 NMR spectrum of the reaction mixture obtained in the reactions with indole the authors observed the signal of one homogeneous product, indicating the occurrence of reaction at the nitrogen atom. It is also shown that P(III) acid dichlorides form diindolylphosphorus(III) compounds.
Phaeomelanin synthesis and obesity in mice (1978)

Is abnormal regulation of phaeomelanin synthesis, which results in yellow coat color, inextricably linked to the development of obesity in viable yellow (Avy) house mice? To answer this question, black male mice of genotypes Avy/A eso/e+ and A/ae eso/e+ were produced from (DFT/Wf X C3H-1 vyfB/HeWf X SO/LeWf matings. The sombre (eso) mutation prevents phaeomelanin synthesis; therefore, all mice carrying this dominant allele are black regardless of the alleles present at the agouti locus. These black males were weighed weekly to 18 weeks of age. Simultaneously the agouti locus genotype of each male was determined by test matings to a/a e+/e+ females. The results of these test matings indicated that the two genotypes could be classified rather accurately by the intensity of pigmentation of the belly hair. Black Avy mice tended to have more dilute belly pigmentation that black A/ae mice. These gross observations were confirmed by microscopic examination of several hair types. Black Avy males reached a mean body weight of 44.2 +/- 0.6 g at 18 weeks, while black A males had a mean weight of 30.7 +/- 0.4 g at the same age. It is concluded that excessive weight gain resulting in obesity is induced by the Avy gene even when phaeomelanin synthesis is completely inhibited.
Transforming growth factor- beta prevents stem cell factor-mediated rescue of mast cells from apoptosis after IL-3 deprivation. (1994)

IL-3-dependent mast cells undergo apoptosis upon removal of IL-3, an event that is prevented by the addition of stem cell factor (SCF) acting through its receptor c-kit, suggesting that SCF provides a mechanism to allow mast cells to survive and to differentiate in tissues in the relative absence of IL-3. This observation is consistent with the thesis that the microenvironment, in part, controls mast cell number and viability by modulating SCF production and release. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a second factor, TGF-beta 1, was capable of modifying the SCF-mediated survival pathway. TGF-beta 1 (1 and 10 ng/ml), known to be an important regulator of cell growth and function, did inhibit the SCF-mediated rescue from apoptosis in IL-3-deprived mast cells. TGF-beta 1 exerted its inhibitory effect on SCF-mediated rescue from apoptosis, even when added 4 h after the addition of SCF. In contrast, TGF-beta 1 had no substantial effect on the viability of mast cells that were grown in the presence of IL-3. TGF-beta 1 also had no noticeable effect on viability and proliferation of a growth factor-independent mast cell line. The inhibitory effect of TGF-beta 1 was neutralized by specific anti-TGF-beta mAb. TGF-beta 1 did not affect the expression of c-kit, as determined by using flow cytometric analysis of mast cells labeled with FITC-conjugated anti-c-kit. These results demonstrate how SCF and TGF-beta may act in concert to regulate mast cell numbers under physiologic or pathologic conditions.
Neutrophils employ the myeloperoxidase system to generate antimicrobial brominating and chlorinating oxidants during sepsis (2001)

The myeloperoxidase system of neutrophils uses hydrogen peroxide and chloride to generate hypochlorous acid, a potent bactericidal oxidant in vitro. In a mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis, we observed that mice deficient in myeloperoxidase were more likely than wild-type mice to die from infection. Mass spectrometric analysis of peritoneal inflammatory fluid from septic wild-type mice detected elevated concentrations of 3-chlorotyrosine, a characteristic end product of the myeloperoxidase system. Levels of 3-chlorotyrosine did not rise in the septic myeloperoxidase-deficient mice. Thus, myeloperoxidase seems to protect against sepsis in vivo by producing halogenating species. Surprisingly, levels of 3-bromotyrosine also were elevated in peritoneal fluid from septic wild-type mice and were markedly reduced in peritoneal fluid from septic myeloperoxidase-deficient mice. Furthermore, physiologic concentrations of bromide modulated the bactericidal effects of myeloperoxidase in vitro. It seems, therefore, that myeloperoxidase can use bromide as well as chloride to produce oxidants in vivo, even though the extracellular concentration of bromide is at least 1,000-fold lower than that of chloride. Thus, myeloperoxidase plays an important role in host defense against bacterial pathogens, and bromide might be a previously unsuspected component of this system.
Methadone Enhances Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infectionof Human Immune Cells (2002)

Opiate abuse has been postulated to be a cofactor in the immunopathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study evaluated whether methadone, a drug widely prescribed for the treatment of drug abusers with opioid dependence, affects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of human immune cells. When added to human fetal microglia and blood monocyte-derived macrophage cultures, methadone significantly enhanced HIV infection of these cells. This enhancement was associated with the up-regulation of expression of CCR5, a primary coreceptor for macrophage-tropic HIV entry into macrophages. Most importantly, the addition of methadone to the cultures of latently infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected patients enhanced viral activation and replication. Although the in vivo relevance of these findings remains to be determined, the data underscore the necessity of further studies to define the role of opioids, including methadone, in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection and AIDS.
Preference of Dogs between Two Commercially Available Oral Formulations of Ectoparasiticide Containing Isoxazolines, Afoxolaner or Fluralaner (2015)

Because of their convenience, oral dosage forms are an emerging trend in companion animal formulations. Ectoparasiticides represent a significant proportion of the treatments administered to pets, and recently oral formulations have been commercialized. They have to demonstrate high palatability to ensure that they are voluntarily accepted by the animal especially because they are repeatedly offered medications. The present study aimed to compare the dog’s preference between two commercially available oral ectoparasiticide formulations containing either afoxolaner (NexGard®, Merial) or fluralaner (Bravecto®, MSD Animal Health). In two separate experiments, 225 individual dogs (115 and 110 respectively) were offered a choice of afoxolaner or fluralaner chewable tablets. The 225 dogs were given an opportunity to smell both products, and then the products were simultaneously offered to each dog by hand for 4 consecutive days with products offered from alternate hands on each day. Individual consumption and related behaviors were recorded. The same individual offered the products to the dogs throughout each study. The total number of chewable tablets for each formulation was recorded and preference was evaluated as the consumption of a given formulation during more days. A total amount of 797 tablets were consumed by the 225 dogs during the 4 days of the studies. A total of 573 (71.9%) afoxolaner chews and 224 (28.1%) fluralaner chews were consumed voluntarily. The overall consumption ratio was 2.56 to 1 for NexGard® to Bravecto®, with significantly (p ® than Bravecto® on each day. As for dogs demonstrating a preference over the entire test period; 83% of the dogs tested preferred NexGard® to Bravecto®, resulting in a preference ratio of 5 to 1 for afoxolaner formulation versus fluralaner formulation. This study demonstrated that when dogs were offered a choice between the two ectoparasiticide products, a significant preference for NexGard® was observed.
Toluene Degradation by Pseudomonas putida F1 (1989)

The nucleotide sequence of the todC1C2BADE genes which encode the first three enzymes in the catabolism of toluene by Pseudomonas putida F1 was determined. The genes encode the three components of the toluene dioxygenase enzyme system: reductaseTOL (todA), ferredoxinTOL (todB), and the two subunits of the terminal dioxygenase (todC1C2); (+)-cis-(1S, 2R)-dihydroxy-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene dehydrogenase (todD); and 3-methylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase (todE). Knowledge of the nucleotide sequence of the tod genes was used to construct clones of Escherichia coli JM109 that overproduce toluene dioxygenase (JM109(pDT-601]; toluene dioxygenase and (+)-cis-(1S, 2R)-dihydroxy-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene dehydrogenase (JM109(pDTG602]; and toluene dioxygenase, (+)-cis-(1S, 2R)-dihydroxy-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene dehydrogenase, and 3-methylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase (JM109(pDTG603]. The overexpression of the tod-C1C2BADE gene products was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The three E. coli JM109 strains harboring the plasmids pDTG601, pDTG602, and pDTG603, after induction with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, oxidized toluene to (+)-cis-(1S, 2R)-dihydroxy-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene, 3-methylcatechol, and 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-2,4-heptadienoate, respectively. The tod-C1C2BAD genes show significant homology to the reported nucleotide sequence for benzene dioxygenase and cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene dehydrogenase from P. putida 136R-3 (Irie, S., Doi, S., Yorifuji, T., Takagi, M., and Yano, K. (1987) J. Bacteriol. 169, 5174-5179). In addition, significant homology was observed between the nucleotide sequences for the todDE genes and the sequences reported for cis-1,2-dihydroxy-6-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene dehydrogenase and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 (Furukawa, K., Arimura, N., and Miyazaki, T. (1987) J. Bacteriol. 169, 427-429).
Characterization and gene expression profiling in glioma cell lines with deletion of chromosome 19 before and after microcell‐mediated restoration of normal human chromosome 19 (2009)

Nearly 10% of human gliomas are oligodendrogliomas. Deletion of chromosome arm 19q, often in conjunction with deletion of 1p, has been observed in 65-80% of these tumors. This has suggested the presence of a tumor suppressor gene located on the 19q arm. Chromosome 19 deletion is also of interest due to the better prognosis of patients with deletion, including longer survival and better response to chemotherapy, compared with patients without deletion. Two glioma cell lines with deletion of 19q were used for chromosome 19 microcell-mediated transfer, to assess the effect of replacing the deleted segment. Complementation with chromosome 19 significantly reduced the growth rate of the hybrid cells compared with the parental cell lines. Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 Gene Chip analysis was performed to measure and compare the expression of the chromosome 19 genes in the chromosome 19 hybrid cell lines to the parental cell line. Probes were considered significantly different when a P value <0.01 was seen in all of the cell line comparisons. Of 345 probes within the commonly deleted 19q region, seven genes (APOE, RCN3, FLJ10781, SAE1, STRN4, CCDC8, and BCL2L12) were identified as potential candidate genes. RT-PCR analysis of primary tumor specimens showed that several genes had significant differences when stratified by tumor morphology or deletion status. This suggests that one or more of these candidates may play a role in glioma formation or progression.
Development of Semisynthetic, Regioselective Pathways for Accessing the Missing Sulfation Patterns of Chondroitin Sulfate (2019)

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan playing several biological functions, which seem to be encoded through its sulfation pattern. This "sulfation code" is still to be deciphered. One of the barriers to this goal is the difficulty in achieving structurally well-defined CS polysaccharides since extraction from natural sources often leads to complex heterogeneous structures. Instead, an approach relying on chemical modification of a microbially sourced unsulfated chondroitin can allow access to semisynthetic CS polysaccharides with a well-defined sulfation pattern. We report herein some new, suitably developed chemical strategies affording CSs with unprecedented sulfation patterns, carrying a single sulfate group regioselectively placed at either C-2 or C-3 position of the glucuronic acid residues or at both sites. In this way, all the possible variants of CS sulfation patterns can be now accessed. This will allow more detailed and complete structure-activity relationship investigations of CS biological functions and applications.
The Effect of Intravenous Adenosine Infusion on Temporal Intraoperative Blood Pressure Changes and Postoperative Pain Scores in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients (2004)

Background: Adenosine has been shown to exert an antinociceptive effect under experimental conditions in animals and humans. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of adenosine on postoperative pain and intraoperative blood pressure changes. Methods: We studied 30 patients, aged -isoflurane general anesthesia. Patients were randomized into two groups: an adenosine group (adenosine was infused continuously at 100-150 /kg/min, n = 15) and a control group (normal saline infused at 4 ml/min, n = 15). Mean arterial blood pressure during the intraoperative period, and pain score at 30 minutes, 6 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after operation were checked. On patient request, meperidine was administrated intravenously. Results: Pain scores and the cumulative doses of meperidine were much lower in the adenosine group than in the control group. The elevation of mean arterial pressure during pnemoperiton-eum was significantly attenuated in the adenosine group. Conclusions: This data suggests that intravenous adenosine infusion is effective at post-operative pain control following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and that it is also effective at attenuating blood pressure elevation during pneumoperitoneum.
Smartcard integration with Kerberos V5 (1999)

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Multitarget Stool DNA Testing for Colorectal-Cancer Screening (2014)

In asymptomatic persons at average risk for colorectal cancer, multitarget stool DNA testing detected significantly more cancers than did FIT but had more false positive results. (Funded by Exact Sciences; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01397747.).
Personality and career choices (2012)

Personality has been viewed as source of person's attitude exhibited on the job workplace over the years.In this paper, propositions have been made about different kind of personality traits having relevance with nature of job requirements.The study tried to argue that prominent feature of personality traits can be successful in aligning with the particular job requirements.Implications have been raised by giving propositions for future researchers to validate these propositions.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ruthenium and Ruthenium Dioxide Films (1985)

The preparation of Ru and thin films by organometallic chemical vapor deposition and an investigation of the films' properties are reported. Ru is of interest for metallization in integrated circuit fabrication because its thermodynamically stable oxide, , also exhibits metallic conductivity. As a result, oxidation during processing of Ru is a less critical concern than in current metallization technology. Taking advantage of the benefits of chemical vapor deposition, such as conformal coverage and low temperature, damage‐free deposition, we have deposited Ru,, and by pyrolysis of three organoruthenium complexes. Films of a given phase composition were deposited under a wide variety of conditions and exhibited large variations in electrical resistivity and carbon content. The best Ru film, produced from at 300°C in vacuum, had a resistivity of 16.9 μΩ‐cm and exhibited excellent adhesion to Si and substrates. The best film, produced from at 575°C in , had a resistivity of 89.9 μΩ‐cm and similarly exhibited excellent adhesion. Rutherford backscattering studies show that Ru and films are effective diffusion barriers between Al and Si up to annealing temperatures of about 550° and 600°C , respectively. Thus, they are significantly better than the currently used W films, which are only effective to about 500°C.
Activation of Glutathione Reductase by Light: A Novel Approach to Design Redox Photo‐Enzymes (1994)

Light‐induced electron transfer within a protein, coupled with chemical transformations, was achieved with the glutathione reductase modified by eosin isothiocyanate. The dye functions both as an initiator for the electron transfer and as a relay unit in the protein backbone that facilitates the electrical communication with the redox center at which the oxidized glutathione is reduced.
Variation in motor threshold with frequency using kHz frequency alternating current (2001)

We investigated the frequency dependence of motor thresholds over the frequency range 1 kHz to 25 kHz. Alternating current (AC), ramped in intensity, was applied transcutaneously, and the induced wrist extensor torque was measured. Plots of log torque versus stimulus voltage were used to accurately determine thresholds. Three kinds of sinusoidal AC stimuli were compared: continuous, 10 ms bursts at 50 Hz, and 50-Hz single-cycle. Differences were attributed to summation of subthreshold depolarizations. The variation in relative thresholds (continuous/single-cycle and burst/single-cycle) indicates that summation occurs more efficiently at higher kHz frequencies. The observed frequency and waveform dependence provides evidence for high-frequency nerve fiber firing rates and fiber dropout when continuous or modulated AC is used, with the effects increasing with AC frequency. The form of the motor response evoked at high frequencies has features that suggest that frequencies above 10-kHz have little or no useful clinical role in rehabilitation procedures.
Building synthetic antibodies as adhesive ligands for integrins (1994)

An antibody engineering strategy was employed to build high affinity ligands and antagonists of integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha IIb beta 3. Previously, we inserted the integrin recognition motif, RGD, into the antigen binding site of a human antibody and selected the optimal flanking sequences from a phage-display library (Barbas, C. F., Languino, L. R., and Smith, J. W. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 10003-10007). The resulting antibody, Fab-9, blocked the function of integrin alpha v beta 3 but also bound to the ligand binding site of platelet integrin alpha IIb beta 3. In this report, the antibody engineering effort has been extended by 1) redesigning Fab-9 to achieve specificity for platelet integrin alpha IIb beta 3, 2) building non-RGD-containing antibodies that bind the ligand binding site of both beta 3-integrins, and 3) testing the hypothesis that peptides derived from complementarity determining regions (CDR) can be used to emulate the activity of the parent synthetic antibody. These goals were accomplished by subjecting the original antibody, Fab-9, to a "motif optimization" (MTF). A phage library was constructed in which the residues flanking the RGD motif in Fab-9 were maintained, but the RGDX sequence was randomized. This library was panned on purified alpha IIb beta 3 to identify high affinity binders. Four function-blocking antibodies lacking RGD, but with specificity for alpha IIb beta 3, were characterized. The antibody with the highest preference for alpha IIb beta 3, MTF-10, had an adhesion sequence of KGDN. This sequence is similar in primary structure to the active sequence within the disintegrin barbourin, which also antagonizes alpha IIb beta 3 (Scarborough, R. M., Rose, J. W., Hsu, M. A., Phillips, D. R., Fried, V. A., Campbell, A. M., Nannizzi, L., and Charo, I. F. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 9359-9362). MTF-10 had a 70-fold higher affinity for alpha IIb beta 3 than alpha v beta 3. Through our selection strategy, we also identified several antibodies that lack RGD but still blocked ligand binding to both integrins with high affinity. Therefore, the RGD sequence is not necessary for a high affinity interaction with the ligand binding site of beta 3-integrins. Further investigation showed that the activity of inhibitory antibodies could be emulated by synthetic peptides derived from the protein sequences of the antibody's HCDR3. CDR-derived peptides blocked ligand binding to integrins and maintained essentially the same specificity as the parent antibody.
The effect of recombinant human lactoferrin on growth and the antibiotic susceptibility of the cystic fibrosis pathogen Burkholderia cepacia complex when cultured planktonically or as biofilms (2007)

The present study demonstrates the growth inhibitory and antibiofilm activity of rHL against different species of Bcc. Furthermore, the enhanced susceptibility of both planktonic and biofilm cultures to rifampicin in the presence of lactoferrin offers the potential for novel uses of antibiotics in combination with lactoferrin to treat Bcc infections in CF patients.