gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary structure, chromosomal localization, and functional expression of a voltage-gated sodium channel from human brain. (1992)

A cDNA library derived from human cerebral cortex was screened for the presence of sodium channel alpha subunit-specific clones. Ligation of three overlapping clones generated a full-length cDNA clone, HBA, that provided the complete nucleotide sequence coding for a protein of 2005 amino acids. The predicted structure suggests four homologous repeats and exhibits greatest homology and structural similarity to the rat brain sodium channel II. A second cDNA clone, HBB, that encodes a different subtype of sodium channel was isolated. Hybridization of DNA fragments from the 3' untranslated region of HBA and PCR with primers derived from HBB with human-hamster somatic cell hybrids localized these clones to human chromosome 2. In situ hybridization to human metaphase chromosomes mapped the structural genes for both HBA and HBB sodium channels to chromosome 2q23-24.3. The sodium channel HBA gene product was expressed by transfection in CHO cells. Expressed HBA currents were voltage-dependent, sodium-selective, and tetrodotoxin-sensitive and, thus, exhibit the biophysical and pharmacological properties characteristic of sodium channels.
Virtual Chesapeake Bay: interacting with a coupled physical/biological model (1996)

The Chesapeake Bay Virtual Environment (CBVE) is a multidisciplinary, collaborative project that fuses 3D visualizations of numerically generated output, observations and other data products into a large-scale, interactive virtual world that supports investigation of coupled physical/biological and environmental processes. Although still under development, CBVE provides an application framework for integrating circulation and biological models with the computer visualization paradigm of the virtual world. In this article, we first briefly describe the physical environment and the observed effects of winds, tides and river runoff on the Chesapeake Bay system. Then we describe the CBVE components and conclude with our efforts directed at understanding how environmental variability may affect the recruitment and retention of the larval phase of certain local marine species.
Regiospecific synthesis of arylfurans employing a nickel(II)-phosphine complex as a catalyst in the homolytic cross-coupling of Grignard reagents to halofurans (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegiospecific synthesis of arylfurans employing a nickel(II)-phosphine complex as a catalyst in the homolytic cross-coupling of Grignard reagents to halofuransLendon N. Pridgen and Stella S. JonesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 8, 1590–1592Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00347a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00347a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views457Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 Inhibitors as Potential Anticancer Agents (2015)

Potent monocarboxylate transporter 1 inhibitors (MCT1) have been developed based on α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid template. Structure-activity relationship studies demonstrate that the introduction of p-N, N-dialkyl/diaryl, and o-methoxy groups into cyanocinnamic acid has maximal MCT1 inhibitory activity. Systemic toxicity studies in healthy ICR mice with few potent MCT1 inhibitors indicate normal body weight gains in treated animals. In vivo tumor growth inhibition studies in colorectal adenocarcinoma (WiDr cell line) in nude mice xenograft models establish that compound 27 exhibits single agent activity in inhibiting the tumor growth.
Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex specifically regulates the maintenance of Golgi glycosylation machinery (2011)

Cell surface lectin staining, examination of Golgi glycosyltransferases stability and localization, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis were employed to investigate conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG)-dependent glycosylation defects in HeLa cells. Both Griffonia simplicifolia lectin-II and Galanthus nivalus lectins were specifically bound to the plasma membrane glycoconjugates of COG-depleted cells, indicating defects in activity of medial- and trans-Golgi-localized enzymes. In response to siRNA-induced depletion of COG complex subunits, several key components of Golgi glycosylation machinery, including MAN2A1, MGAT1, B4GALT1 and ST6GAL1, were severely mislocalized. MALDI-TOF analysis of total N-linked glycoconjugates indicated a decrease in the relative amount of sialylated glycans in both COG3 KD and COG4 KD cells. In agreement to a proposed role of the COG complex in retrograde membrane trafficking, all types of COG-depleted HeLa cells were deficient in the Brefeldin A- and Sar1 DN-induced redistribution of Golgi resident glycosyltransferases to the endoplasmic reticulum. The retrograde trafficking of medial- and trans-Golgi-localized glycosylation enzymes was affected to a larger extent, strongly indicating that the COG complex regulates the intra-Golgi protein movement. COG complex-deficient cells were not defective in Golgi re-assembly after the Brefeldin A washout, confirming specificity in the retrograde trafficking block. The lobe B COG subcomplex subunits COG6 and COG8 were localized on trafficking intermediates that carry Golgi glycosyltransferases, indicating that the COG complex is directly involved in trafficking and maintenance of Golgi glycosylation machinery.
Phase 1/11 study of bi-weekly irinotecan plus cisplatin in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. (2005)

Bi-weekly administration of irinotecan and cisplatin is safe and active for the management of unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer.
A comparison of different models of stroke on behaviour and brain morphology (2003)

We compared the effects of three models of permanent ischemia, as well as cortical aspiration, on behaviour and brain morphology. Rats received a stroke either by devascularization or by two different procedures of medial cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO; small vs. large). Animals were trained in a reaching task, forepaw asymmetry, forepaw inhibition, sunflower seed task and tongue extension. Behaviour was assessed 1 week after the lesion and at 2-week intervals for a total of 9 weeks. One week after the surgery all animals were severely impaired on all tasks and although they improved over time they only reached preoperative base lines on tongue extension. Animals with small MCAOs performed better in reaching and sunflower tasks; no other behavioural differences were detected among the groups. Pyramidal cells in forelimb and cingulate areas as well as spiny neurons of the striatum were examined for dendritic branching and spine density using a Golgi-Cox procedure. Each lesion type had a different impact on cell morphology. Overall, different changes (atrophy or hypertrophy) were observed with each kind of lesion and these changes were specific for the region (forelimb, cingulate, striatum) and the condition (intact vs. damaged hemisphere). These results suggest that: (i) different lesions to the motor cortex produce subtle differences in behaviour, and (ii) the method used to induce the lesion produces striking differences in cortical and subcortical plasticity.
High-speed two-dimensional electron-gas FET logic (1982)

Ring oscillators using planar enhancement-mode two-dimensional electron-gas FETs (TEGFETs) and ungated transistor loads are described. A propagation delay time of 19.1 ps has been measured at room temperature, the lowest yet reported for this temperature. Improvements on materials and circuit design should lead to a delay time of 10 ps at 300 K.
Faecal microbiota of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (2010)

Many children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) suffer from gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhoea, constipation and abdominal pain. Such symptoms may be due to a disruption of the indigenous gut microbiota promoting the overgrowth of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms. These observations have stimulated investigations into possible abnormalities of intestinal microbiota in autistic patients. The purpose of the present study was to determine if a relationship exists between ASD severity (mild – severe) and GI microbial populations. The faecal microbiota of 22 male and 6 female participants with ASDs (aged 7 ± 6 years) were analyzed by standard microbial culture methods and compared within-group (based on ASD severity) and with a standard laboratory reference range. Comparisons between children with mild ASD and those with moderate to severe ASD, as well as comparisons to a neurotypical control group previously reported, revealed that no significant differences appear to exist in the composition of the gut microbiota. Nevertheless, examination of each individual’s gut microbial composition showed 10 cases of unusual findings witch means 1out of 3 cases have unusual microbiota. Our data do not support consistent GI microbial abnormalities in ASD children, but the findings do suggest that aberrations may be found in a minority subset of ASD children. Further studies are required to determine the possible association between the microbiota and gastrointestinal dysfunctions in a subset of children with both ASD and gastro-intestinal problems.
Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY inhibit lipolysis in human and dog fat cells through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. (1990)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) are regulatory peptides that have considerable sequence homology with pancreatic polypeptide. Because (a) NPY has been shown to be colocalized with noradrenaline in peripheral as well as central catecholaminergic neurons, and (b) alpha 2-adrenergic receptors of adipocytes play a major role in the regulation of lipolysis, we investigated the effect of NPY and PYY on isolated fat cells. In human fat cells NPY and PYY promoted a dose-dependent inhibition of lipolysis elicited by 2 micrograms/ml adenosine deaminase (removal of adenosine) whatever the lipolytic index used (glycerol or nonesterified fatty acids). In dog fat cells NPY and PYY inhibited adenosine deaminase-, isoproterenol- and forskolin-induced lipolysis. In humans and dogs the effects of NPY or PYY were abolished by treatment of cells with Bordetella pertussis toxin, clearly indicating the involvement of a Gi protein in the antilipolytic effects. This study indicates that, in addition to alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, NPY and PYY are also involved in the regulation of lipolysis in human and dog adipose tissue as powerful antilipolytic agents. Further studies are needed to characterize the pharmacological nature of the receptor mediating the inhibitory effect of NPY and PYY in fat cells.
Molecular Orientation and Grafting Density in Semifluorinated Self-Assembled Monolayers of Mono-, Di-, and Trichloro Silanes on Silica Substrates (2002)

Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy is used to measure the molecular orientation in semifluorinated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) prepared by vapor deposition of mono- (F3C(CF2)8(CH2)2Si(CH3)2Cl, m-F8H2), di- (F3C(CF2)8(CH2)2Si(CH3)Cl2, d-F8H2), and trichloroorganosilanes (F3C(CF2)8(CH2)2SiCl3, t-F8H2) on flat silica-covered substrates. The average tilt angles (from the sample normal) of the fluorocarbon part, F(CF2)8-, of t-F8H2, d-F8H2, and m-F8H2 measured by carbon K-edge NEXAFS are 10 ± 2°, 35 ± 2°, and 45 ± 3°, respectively. We show that the increase of the tilt angle is associated with the steric hindrance of the methyl groups attached to silicon close to the bonding substrate. We also show that the molecular orientation obtained from the NEXAFS measurements can be used to estimate the grafting densities of the F8H2 molecules on the substrates. We present a simple one-dimensional geometric model to show that the grafting density of m-F8H2 is approximately one-half of that corresponding to the t-F8H2 SAM. Finally, we show that the results of this simple model are in accord with estimates of the two-dimensional fluorine areal density obtained from the fluorine K-edge NEXAFS spectra.
China and Western social thought in the modern period (1999)

Western interpretations of the nature and significance of Chinese civilization have varied widely over the past eight centuries. At times quite opposing readings have been made of China even within a single period. This diversity of opinions has been documented in a number of detailed surveys on the history of Western ideas about China, and it is not the aim here to elucidate it in detail. In the present chapter, attention will be devoted rather to situating the development of certain key ideas about China in terms of trends in the evolution of Western social thought, especially notions related to what was often termed "the nature" of Chinese society, a concern that underlay and shaped Western discourses about China from the sixteenth till the mid-twentieth century when the bourgeoisies of the leading Western states asserted themselves and then consolidated power in classical fashion both at home and globally. The different phases in the development of ideas about China were linked to broader trends in ideology, political goals, and capitalist economic priorities, though not always in obvious or predictable ways. For present purposes we will not examine the large bodies of literature written by or devoted to authors who over the centuries traveled to China and wrote accounts of it; nor will we consider the corpus of expert works by scholars who devoted themselves primarily to Chinese studies.
Expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in relation to p53 status and clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer. (2014)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand activated transcription factor implicated in multiple cellular processes and its expression has been shown to play a critical role in tumorigenesis. However, the role of AhR in tumorigenesis of breast cancer remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the expression levels of AhR in breast lesions and assessing the correlation between AhR expression and clinicopathological variables using breast cancer tissue microarray. Meanwhile, 10 paired of fresh breast cancer and corresponding non-cancer samples were detected for AhR and p53 expression by Western blot, respectively. Results showed that AhR expression levels in breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than that in the non-cancer tissues. AhR expression was associated with the pathological type and P53 status, but not patients age, tumor grade and TNM, as well as ER, PR, C-erbB2, Ki-67, AR, EGFR status. Moreover, Western blot data suggested a negative correlation between p53 protein and AhR protein expression levels. The results suggest that high levels of AhR were expressed in the majority of breast cancer tissues and closely associated with P53 status and histological types of breast cancer. AHR and its abnormal expression may play an important role in multiple stages of breast cancer progression.
Intratumoural inflammation and endocrine resistance in breast cancer (2014)

It is becoming clear that inflammation-associated mechanisms can affect progression of breast cancer and modulate responses to treatment. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα (ESR1)) is the principal biomarker and therapeutic target for endocrine therapies in breast cancer. Over 70% of patients are ESR1-positive at diagnosis and are candidates for endocrine therapy. However, ESR1-positive tumours can become resistant to endocrine therapy. Multiple mechanisms of endocrine resistance have been proposed, including suppression of ESR1. This review discusses the relationship between intratumoural inflammation and endocrine resistance with a particular focus on inflammation-mediated suppression of ESR1.
DIETARY PHYTOESTROGENS (1997)

Broadly defined, phytoestrogens include isoflavones, coumestans, and lignans. A number of these compounds have been identified in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains commonly consumed by humans. Soybeans, clover and alfalfa sprouts, and oilseeds (such as flaxseed) are the most significant dietary sources of isoflavones, coumestans, and lignans, respectively. Studies in humans, animals, and cell culture systems suggest that dietary phytoestrogens play an important role in prevention of menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, cancer, and heart disease. Proposed mechanisms include estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects, induction of cancer cell differentiation, inhibition of tyrosine kinase and DNA topoisomerase activities, suppression of angiogenesis, and antioxidant effects. Although there currently are no dietary recommendations for individual phytoestrogens, there may be great benefit in increased consumption of plant foods.
STAT3 is activated in a subset of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumours (2006)

STAT3 is an oncogene that regulates critical cellular processes and whose constitutive activation has been demonstrated to correlate with biological and clinical features in many types of human malignancy. In this study, STAT3 activation was assessed in the Ewing sarcoma family of tumours (ESFT), which is characterized by fusion of the EWS gene with one of several Ets transcription factors, most commonly EWS-FLI1. STAT3 activation was assessed by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody specific for tyrosine(705)-phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3(tyr705)) and a tissue microarray containing 49 paraffin-embedded ESFT tumours with known EWS translocations. Twenty-five (51%) tumours were pSTAT3(tyr705)-positive, as defined by more than 10% tumour cell immunostaining. STAT3 activation correlated with tumour site at presentation, with pSTAT3(tyr705)-negative ESFT involving axial sites predominantly (p = 0.008). Notably, among 31 patients who presented with localized disease, high-level STAT3 activation correlated with better overall survival (p = 0.02). STAT3 activation was not directly related to EWS-FLI1 expression, since EWS-FLI1 transfection did not result in STAT3 activation. Furthermore, detailed molecular analysis indicated that STAT3 activation may be seen with EWS-FLI1 or EWS-ERG and appears to be independent of EWS-FLI1 fusion type. In conclusion, STAT3 activation is present in approximately half of ESFT and correlates with clinical features. The role of STAT3 activation in ESFT pathogenesis seems to be independent of the type of EWS/Ets translocation.
Purification and antimicrobial properties of three defensins from rat neutrophils (1989)

Three cysteine-rich cationic peptides, designated RatNP-1, RatNP-3, and RatNP-4, were purified from an acid extract of rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils, sequenced, and tested for antimicrobial activity. The peptides ranged from 29 to 32 amino acids in length (Mr, 3,252 to 3,825), and each contained all eight invariantly conserved "framework" residues that are characteristic of defensins. Each of the peptides killed Escherichia coli ML-35, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus HON-1, Staphylococcus aureus 502A, and Candida albicans 820 in vitro. RatNP-1, the most cationic rat defensin, was also the most potent. With this report, a total of 13 distinct defensins have been characterized in the polymorphonuclear leukocytes of four mammalian species. The existence of the defensin system in rats should facilitate investigations of the in vivo role of defensins in experimental infections.
Enhanced field emission from polysilicon emitters using porous silicon (2002)

It is now well known that the field emission performance of single crystal silicon field emitters is improved by the formation of porous silicon on their surface. However, single crystal based displays are likely to be expensive and difficult to scale up. Displays based on polysilicon would have advantages in both of these respects. We now report the first observation of enhanced field emission from porous silicon on polysilicon emitters. Both wet and dry etching processes were used to produce emitters on n and p type polysilicon. Porous silicon was then formed by anodisation. Field emission characterisation after the anodisation shows a significant starting voltage reduction of 40-50% in each of the samples tested.
Mutation detection by mismatch binding protein, MutS, in amplified DNA: application to the cystic fibrosis gene. (1994)

An experimental strategy for detecting heterozygosity in genomic DNA has been developed based on preferential binding of Escherichia coli MutS protein to DNA molecules containing mismatched bases. The binding was detected by a gel mobility-shift assay. This approach was tested by using as a model the most commonly occurring mutations within the cystic fibrosis (CFTR) gene. Genomic DNA samples were amplified with 5'-end-labeled primers that bracket the site of the delta F508 3-bp deletion in exon 10 of the CFTR gene. The renatured PCR products from homozygotes produced homoduplexes; the PCR products from heterozygotes produced heteroduplexes and homoduplexes (1:1). MutS protein bound more strongly to heteroduplexes that correspond to heterozygous carriers of delta F508 and contain a CTT or a GAA loop in one of the strands than to homoduplexes corresponding to homozygotes. The ability of MutS protein to detect heteroduplexes in PCR-amplified DNA extended to fragments approximately 500 bp long. The method was also able to detect carriers of the point mutations in exon 11 of the CFTR gene by a preferential binding of MutS to single-base mismatches in PCR-amplified DNA.
Three-dimensional study of radiation symmetrization in some indirectly driven heavy ion ICF targets (1992)

Symmetrization of the radiation field inside hohlraum targets for indirectly driven heavy ion beam inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is investigated numerically. The targets considered consist of a casing, enclosing the spherical fuel capsule, and a few cylindrical radiators, schematically representing ion beam irradiated converters. Radiation absorption and re-emission are dealt with as in the paper by Murakami and Meyer-ter-Vehn (Nucl. Fusion 31 (1991) 1333), but with the geometry extended to three dimensions and with the finite size of the radiators taken into account. It is found that, for a practical casing to capsule area ratio (of the order of ten) and practical converter aspect ratios, two converters (allowing for two-side axisymmetric irradiation) cannot provide the uniformity required for ICF. However, with a spherical casing with six converters (placed in couples along the axes of a Cartesian co-ordinate system) it would be possible to illuminate a capsule with a non-uniformity well below 2%, which could satisfy the ICF requirements. The effects of changing the area ratio, the size and position of the converters and the geometry of the hohlraum are also discussed.