gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine-Tethered Oligo-DNA: Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Their DNA⋅DNA and DNA⋅RNA Duplexes and DNA⋅DNA⋅DNA Triplexes (1999)

Dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (dppz) derivatives were conjugated to 9-mer and 18-mer DNA (ODN) at a site without nucleobase, either at the 5′- or 3′-end or at a internucleotide position, via linkers of 7, 12, or 18 atoms lengths. These dppz-linked ODNs were synthesized using novel backbone glycerol phosphoramidites: Glycerol, serving as artificial nucleoside without nucleobase, was modified to amines 10, 23, and 24, which were suitable for the subsequent key reaction with dppz-carboxylic acid 3 (Schemes 2 and 3). The products of these reactions (see 5 – 7) were then transformed to the standard phosphoramidite derivatives (see 27, 29, and 30) or used for loading on a CPG support (see 28, 31, and 32). The dppz-modified ODNs were subsequently assembled in the usual manner using automated solid-phase DNA synthesis. The 9-mer ODN-dppz conjugates 35 – 43 were tested for their ability to form stable duplexes with target DNA or RNA strands (D11 (60) or R11 (61)), while the 18-mer ODN-dppz conjugates 48 – 56 were tested for their ability to form stable triplexes with a DNA target duplex D24⋅D24 (62) (see Tables 1 and 2). The presence of the conjugated dppz derivative increases the stability of DNA⋅DNA and DNA⋅RNA duplexes, typically by a ΔTm of 7.3 – 10.9° and 4.5 – 7.4°, respectively, when the dppz is tethered at the 5′- or 3′-terminal (Table 2). The dppz derivatives also stabilize triplexes when attached to the 5′- or 3′-end, with a ΔTm varying from 3.8 – 11.1° (Table 3). The insertion of a dppz building block at the center of a 9-mer results in a considerably poorer stability of the corresponding DNA⋅DNA duplexes (ΔTm=0.5 to 4.2°) and DNA⋅RNA duplexes (ΔTm=−1.5 to 0.9°), while the replacement of one interior nucleotide by a dppz building unit in the corresponding 8-mer ODN does not reveal the formation of any duplex at all. Different types of modifications in the middle of the 18-mer ODN, in general, do not lead to any triplex formation, except when the dppz derivative is tethered to the ODN through a 12-atom-long linker (Entry 9 in Table 3).
State-level factors in Metropolitan Climate Activism (2019)

As nation states equivocate over meaningful climate change agreements, hundreds of cities worldwide and in the US have joined to promote climate change policies and actions. Many US cities have taken a leadership role in promoting ameliorative public policy and best practices, overcoming significant disincentives for doing so, particularly low levels of public salience and unreliable federal support and resources. Several of these evolving networks are now in existence, including the United States Conference of Mayors Climate Protection Agreement. The US Conference of Mayors plays a significant role in facilitating best practices as well as recognizing cities on the vanguard of climate leadership. Research to date has examined the factors explaining metropolitan climate activism, including potential climate risk, the influence of carbon intensive industries at the local level, and the role of community environmental capital. Less understood is the role that state-level energy policy and socio-political factors play influencing metropolitan climate activism. This research underscores the significance of political partisanship, both in terms of state environmental politics and statewide Democratic voting record, for understanding metropolitan climate activism.
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1: a novel target for cancer immunotherapy (2015)

Considering ROR1 unique characters, it seems that it can pass most of the criteria for being an ideal target for cancer immunotherapy. ROR1 unique expression on cancer cells with subtle expression on normal tissues make it a suitable target with minimum potential side effects using different cancer therapy approaches such as mAb therapy, peptide and protein vaccination, cell therapy and small molecules.
Secretory Component Production by Polarized Epithelial Cells from the Human Female Reproductive Tract (1998)

At mucosal surfaces, the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) is responsible for transporting polymeric IgA across epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether normal epithelial cells from the female reproductive tract form tight junctions and produce secretory component, the external domain of the pIgR. Uterine, cervical and vaginal tissues from women at different stages of the menstrual cycle and following menopause were used to prepare purified epithelial cell sheets, which were cultured in cell chambers. Transepithelial resistance was measured and the media from apical and basolateral compartments assayed for secretory component. Secretory component produced by uterine epithelial cells accumulated preferentially in apical compartment and correlated with increased transepithelial resistance. Seeding as epithelial sheets at 1 x 10(6) cells/cm2 of matrix coated cell chambers was required for growth. Epithelial cells from endo-cervix and ecto-cervix, but not the vagina, also showed preferential production and release of secretory component into the apical chamber. In conclusion, normal epithelial cells from the human female reproductive tract grow to confluence, become polarized and produce secretory component. Our results suggest that uterine and cervical epithelial cells play a key regulatory role in the control of IgA transcytosis from tissue into secretions.
Galectin-3 promotes adhesion of human neutrophils to laminin (1996)

Galectin-3 is a member of a growing family of animal lectins composed of three domains, with the amino-terminal half consisting of a short segment followed by tandem repeats, and the carboxyl-terminal half representing the carbohydrate-recognition domain. Previously, we have shown that galectin-3 binds to the surface of human neutrophils and is capable of activating these cells. We have now studied the effect of exogenous galectin-3 on adhesion of human neutrophils to laminin-coated microtiter plates and found that this lectin promotes the adhesion in a dose-dependent manner. The effect was dependent on the lectin's carbohydrate-binding function, as well as its amino-terminal region. The galectin-3-induced adhesion was reduced significantly in the presence of EDTA, even though Ca2+ and Mg2+ are not required for the lectin binding, and the adhesion was significantly less at 4 degrees C, as compared with 37 degrees C. Galectin-3 also induced neutrophil adhesion to fibronectin, which is not recognized by the lectin, but much higher concentrations of the lectin were required, and the effect is completely dependent on Ca2+ and Mg2+. We conclude that galectin-3 induces neutrophil adhesion to laminin through a combination of two distinct mechanisms: 1) the lectin bridges neutrophils to laminin, in a carbohydrate-dependent and Ca2+-, Mg2+-independent manner, and 2) the lectin induces activation of neutrophils, in the presence of the divalent cations, resulting in the positive regulation of other cell adhesion molecules and enhanced adhesion to laminin. The results suggest that galectin-3 may play a role in the traversing of neutrophils through the basement membrane at inflammation sites.
Cardiac autonomic balance versus cardiac regulatory capacity (2008)

The concept of autonomic balance views autonomic states along a bipolar continuum from sympathetic (S) to parasympathetic (P) dominance, whereas regulatory capacity models emphasize overall autonomic flexibility as a marker of the capacity for regulation. These two concepts were evaluated for their utility in characterizing patterns of autonomic control. Measures of P (high frequency heart rate variability, HF) and S (preejection period, PEP) cardiac control were obtained. A measure of cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) was derived as the difference in the normalized P index minus the S index, and a measure of cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR) was derived as the normalized P index plus the S index. Results reveal that CAR, but not CAB, was a significant predictor of the prior occurrence of a myocardial infarction, net of demographic and other variables, whereas CAB, but not CAR, was a significant predictor of concurrent diabetes.
Cutting Edge: Bacterial Lipoprotein Induces Endotoxin-Independent Tolerance to Septic Shock (2003)

Tolerance to bacterial cell wall components is an adaptive host response. Endotoxin/LPS tolerance is characterized by a survival advantage against subsequent lethal LPS challenge. However, it is uncertain whether LPS tolerance can afford protection against other septic challenges. In this study, we show that tolerance induced by bacterial lipoprotein (BLP) protects mice against not only BLP-induced lethality, but also LPS-, live bacteria-, and polymicrobial sepsis-induced lethality. In contrast, LPS tolerance offers no survival benefit against the latter two challenges. Furthermore, induction of BLP tolerance results in overexpression of complement receptor type 3 and FcgammaIII/IIR on neutrophils (polymorphonuclear neutrophils) and peritoneal macrophages, with increased bacterial recognition and bactericidal activity, whereas LPS-tolerized mice exhibit an impaired ability to ingest and to kill bacteria. These results indicate that BLP tolerance is a novel adaptive host response associated with a unique protective effect during septic shock.
PROMOTER OF ALZHEIMER??S DISEASE AMYLOID A4 PRECURSOR GENE (1988)

Center for Molecular Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, F.R.G. Department of Pathology, University of Western Australia, Perth, W. Australia
Solubility of H2 in the Ionic Liquid [hmim][Tf2N] (2006)

New experimental results are presented for the solubility of hydrogen in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([hmim][Tf2N]) for temperatures from (293 to 413) K and pressures up to about 10 MPa. The extended Henry's law is applied to correlate the solubility pressures. The solubility of H2 in [hmim][Tf2N] is low and increases toward higher temperatures. For example, at T ≈ 293 K (413 K) and p ≈ 9 MPa, only about 0.106 mol (0.170 mol) of the gas is dissolved in 1 kg of the ionic liquid.
Digenic inheritance of deafness caused by mutations in genes encoding cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15 in mice and humans (2004)

Mutations in genes coding for cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15 cause deafness in both mice and humans. Here, we provide evidence that mutations at these two cadherin loci can interact to cause hearing loss in digenic heterozygotes of both species. Using a classical genetic approach, we generated mice that were heterozygous for both Cdh23 and Pcdh15 mutations on a uniform C57BL/6J background. Significant levels of hearing loss were detected in these mice when compared to age-matched single heterozygous animals or normal controls. Cytoarchitectural defects in the cochlea of digenic heterozygotes, including degeneration of the stereocilia and a base-apex loss of hair cells and spiral ganglion cells, were consistent with the observed age-related hearing loss of these mice beginning with the high frequencies. In humans, we also have obtained evidence for a digenic inheritance of a USH1 phenotype in three unrelated families with mutations in CDH23 and PCDH15. Altogether, our data indicate that CDH23 and PCDH15 play an essential long-term role in maintaining the normal organization of the stereocilia bundle.
Factors That Predict the Use of Positive Inotropic Drug Support After Cardiac Valve Surgery (1999)

F., JOHN; IV, BUTTERWORTH; LEGAULT, CLAUDINE; ROYSTER, ROGER L.; HAMMON, JOHN W. JR Author Information
Development and evaluation of a measure of patient-reported symptoms of Blepharitis (2018)

The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the registry number NCT01408082 .
Discrete approximations to continuous shortest-path: application to minimum-risk path planning for groups of UAVs (2004)

This paper addresses the weighted anisotropic shortest-path problem on a continuous domain, i.e., the computation of a path between two points that minimizes the line integral of a cost-weighting function along the path. The cost-weighting depends both on the instantaneous position and direction of motion. We propose an algorithm for the computation of shortest-path that reduces the problem to an optimization over a finite graph. This algorithm restricts the search to paths formed by the concatenation of straight-line segments between points, from a suitably chosen discretization of the continuous region. To maximize efficiency, the discretization of the continuous region should not be uniform. We propose a novel "honeycomb" sampling algorithm that minimizes the cost penalty introduced by discretization. The resulting path is not optimal but the cost penalty can be made arbitrarily small at the expense of increased computation. This methodology is applied to the computation of paths for groups of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) that minimize the risk of being destroyed by ground defenses. We show that this problem can be formulated as a weighted anisotropic shortest-path optimization and show that the algorithm proposed can efficiently produce low-risk paths.
Reaction between calcium carbonate and sulfur dioxide (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction between calcium carbonate and sulfur dioxideClaes Tullin and Evert LjungstroemCite this: Energy Fuels 1989, 3, 3, 284–287Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00015a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00015a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views860Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cisplatin plus etoposide versus other platin‐based regimens for patients with extensive small‐cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised, controlled trials (2012)

There is no strong evidence that any clinical advantage for extensive small-cell lung carcinoma patients requiring chemotherapy when comparing EP with other platin-based regimens, with exception of IP that might prolong overall survival. The decision to prescribe which chemotherapy should take into consideration both cost and treatment preference.
In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Sustained Release Chitosan-Coated Ketoprofen Microparticles (2001)

Simple ketoprofen microspheres (MS) were prepared by the dry-in-oil method using ethylcellulose (EC) as a matrix polymer. Further, the microspheres modified by addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), called MS-P and MS-H, respectively, were prepared. The in vitro release from MS, MS-P and MS-H was examined in the JP XIII second fluid, pH 6.8, at 37 degrees C and 60 rpm. Chitosan-coated ketoprofen microparticles (Chi-MP) were prepared by the precipitation of droplets of chitosan solution containing MS, and their adhesion to the rat small intestinal mucosa was tested. The plasma concentrations after duodenal administration were investigated for ketoprofen powder suspension, MS and Chi-MP. The particle size was raised with the increase in amount of ketoprofen added. The drug content and addition of PEG or HPC affected the drug release rate. The microspheres with moderate drug content, prepared by addition of modest amount of PEG, exhibited better gradual drug release. Chi-MP showed a good mucoadhesion. The maximum plasma concentration of ketoprofen for Chi-MP was less than one-third of that for ketoprofen powder suspension. Chi-MP tended to show the higher and steadier plasma level than MS.
Information retrieval: on-line (1973)

This text treats current developments in the design, operation and evaluation of information retrieval systems operating in an on-line, realtime, time-shared, interactive mode. Look for coverage of--characteristics and advantages of on-line systems; equipment; searching techniques; description of existing systems; operating experience; evaluation of on-line systems; indexing and cataloging on-line; on-line support to personal files; and human factors aspects of on-line retrieval systems.
Chronic AMPK activation evokes the slow, oxidative myogenic program and triggers beneficial adaptations in mdx mouse skeletal muscle (2011)

A therapeutic approach for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is to up-regulate utrophin in skeletal muscle in an effort to compensate for the lack of dystrophin. We previously hypothesized that promotion of the slow, oxidative myogenic program, which triggers utrophin up-regulation, can attenuate the dystrophic pathology in mdx animals. Since treatment of healthy mice with the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) enhances oxidative capacity and elicits a fast-to-slow fiber-type transition, we evaluated the effects of chronic AMPK stimulation on skeletal muscle phenotype and utrophin expression in mdx mice. Daily AICAR administration (500 mg/kg/day, 30 days) of 5-7-week-old mdx animals induced an elevation in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase enzyme activity, an increase in myosin heavy-chain type IIa-positive fibers and slower twitch contraction kinetics in the fast, glycolytic extensor digitorum longus muscle. Utrophin expression was significantly enhanced in response to AICAR, which occurred coincident with an elevated β-dystroglycan expression along the sarcolemma. These adaptations were associated with an increase in sarcolemmal structural integrity under basal conditions, as well as during damaging eccentric contractions ex vivo. Notably, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) and silent information regulator two ortholog 1 protein contents were significantly higher in muscle from mdx mice compared with wild-type littermates and AICAR further increased PGC-1α expression. Our data show that AICAR-evoked muscle plasticity results in beneficial phenotypic adaptations in mdx mice and suggest that the contextually novel application of this compound for muscular dystrophy warrants further study.
[Neuromodulation for treatment for neurogenic bowel dysfunction]. (2009)

Sacral neuromodulation and dorsal penile/clitoral nerve neuromodulation may be effective for some neurogenic constipation. However there are no methods successfully identify the candidate who will be beneficial before the procedure. Good quality research data are needed to evaluate the effects of sacral neuromodulation and dorsal penile/clitoral nerve neuromodulation for these conditions.
Diffusion of Large Molecules in Porous Media (1989)

The results of computer simulations of transport of macromolecules in a disordered porous medium, represented by a network of capillary tubes with random radii, are reported. We develop a method for determining the macroscopic diffusivity $D$ which, in principle, is exact. The effects of both convection and diffusion are taken into account. We find $\frac{D}{{D}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}}\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{a}{{r}_{m}})$, independent of the morphology of the medium or the microscopic transport laws, where $a$ is the effective size of the molecules, ${D}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ the diffusivity in an unbounded solvent, and ${r}_{m}$ the mean effective size of the pores, consistent with experimental data.
The half-lives of serum immunoglobulins in adult mice (1988)

We determined the half-lives of several sets of murine monoclonal antibodies spanning all immunoglobulin isotypes in the serum. The antibodies in each set possess the same V region. With this approach, the differences in half-life observed between the different isotypes are independent of the V region carried by the monoclonal antibodies and therefore must relate to each other in the same way as the half-lives of each class of serum immunoglobulins. The half-life of a monoclonal antibody of the gamma 2a isotype is identical to the average half-life of serum IgG2a as previously determined (6-8 days; P. Vieira and K. Rajewsky, Eur. J. Immunol. 1986. 16:871). Therefore, the half-lives determined with monoclonal antibodies possessing the same V region represent the half-life of the serum immunoglobulins. In this way we calculated the half-life of IgM as 2 days, IgG3 and IgG1 as 6-8 days, IgG2b has a half-life of 4-6 days. IgE has a half-life of 12 h. A polymeric form of IgA was found to be eliminated from the serum with a half-life of 17-22 h.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Phosphatase Facilitates Dark Reduction of Nitrate: Regulation by Nitrate and Ammonia (1998)

Leaves of 15 - 30-d-old plants of sunflower and jute were harvested at 10.00 or 23.00 (local time) and measured immediately, or those harvested at 10.00 were incubated for one hour in sunlight either in water or 5 mM methionine sulfoximine (MSX) solution and then for three hours in dark either in water or 15 mM KNO3 solution. Nitrate feeding during dark incubation, in general, increased nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) activities, and NADH and soluble sugar contents. Increase in tissue nitrate concentration in MSX fed but not in control samples suggested reduction of nitrate in dark. NADPH-dependent NR activity increased considerably upon feeding with nitrate in dark. Concomitantly, NADPH phosphatase activity was also increased in nitrate treated, dark incubated leaves. It is proposed that nitrate regulates dark nitrate reduction by facilitating generation of NADH from NADPH by NADPH phosphatase. High amounts of ammonia accumulated in MSX treated, but not in control leaves, upon dark incubation. Relative activities of NR and NADPH phosphatase, and amounts of soluble sugar and NADH were low in MSX fed samples compared to that of control. So, high amount of ammonia might partially repress NADPH phosphatase and consequently deprive NR of reducing equivalents.