gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
다양한 과포화 조건하에서의 탄산염광물의 합성에 대한 연구 (2004)

자발적 침전법에 의하여 다양한 과포화 용액에서 탄산염광물을 합성하였다. 합성용액의 온도는 25℃에서 유지 시켰고 pH범위는 6.9에서 8.8 이였다. 용액의 과포화도 조절 시 2가지 변수를 두어 농도를 변화 시켰다. (1) total carbonate의 농도와 total calcium의 농도비가 다음 세가지 조건을 만족시키도록 변화시켰다.: [CO₃]_(T)/[Ca]-(T)> 1, [CO₃]_(T)/[Ca]_(T)=1, and [CO₃]_(T)/[Ca]_(T)<1. (2) 앞서 언급한 조건에 total calcium의 농도를 0.02 mol/dm^(3), 0.2 mol/dm^(3), 그리고 0.4 mol/dm^(3)이 되도록 변화 시켰다. [CO₃]_(T)/[Ca]_(T)≥1의 조건하에서 형성된 미립의 탄산염 광물은 대부분 거의 순수한 방해석으로 바테라이트가 1% 이하로 존재하였으며 이와는 달리 [CO₃]_(T)/[Ca]_(T)<1 조건하에서는 거의 순수한 바테라이트가 합성되었다. 본 연구 결과 탄산염광물의 상은 합성 용액상의 [CO₃]_(T)농도 보다는 [CO₃]_(T)의 농도에 의하여 좌우되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 바테라이트의 합성 결과는 [CO₃]_(T)/[Ca]_(T)의 비가 0.8에서 0.5로 낮아짐에 따라 roughness가 증가하고 결과적으로 광물표면적이 5.64∼7.34 ㎛에서 8.39∼10.3 ㎛로 증가한다.
Effectiveness of treatment of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder by disodium EDTA (2008)

Our results suggest that the use of disodium EDTA for the management of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder is safe and effective, leading to a significant reduction in pain, improvement in shoulder function, and disappearance of calcifications after 4 weeks, without adverse effects.
Pyrrolopyridazine nucleosides. The synthesis of certain 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyridazin‐4(5H)‐ones (1990)

Abstract Nucleosides of pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyridazin‐4(5 H )‐ones were prepared by the single‐phase sodium salt glycosylation of appropriately functionalized pyrrole precursors. The glycosylation of the sodium salt of ethyl 4,5‐dichloro‐2‐formyl‐1 H ‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxylate ( 4 ), or its azomethino derivative 7 , with 1‐bromo‐2,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐D‐ribofuranose in acetonitrile afforded the corresponding substituted pyrrole nucleosides ethyl 4,5‐dichloro‐2‐formyl‐1‐(2,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐1 H ‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxylate ( 5 ) and ethyl 4,5‐dichloro‐2‐phenylazomethino‐1‐(2,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐1 H ‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxylate ( 8 ), respectively. The latter, upon treatment with hydrazine, afforded the annulated product 2,3‐dichloro‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1 H ‐pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyridazin‐4(5 H )‐one ( 6 ), in good yield. The unsubstituted analog 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1 H ‐pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyridazin‐4(5 H )‐one ( 9 ), was obtained upon catalytic dehalogenation of 6 . This report represents the first example of the synthesis of nucleosides of pyrrolopyridazines.
Interleukin-5 Transgene Expression and Eosinophilia Are Associated with Retarded Mammary Gland Development in Mice1 (2003)

Eosinophils are prevalent in the female reproductive tract, where they may contribute to regulation of development and maintenance of epithelial integrity. The present study examined the effects of constitutive interleukin-5 (IL-5) expression and overabundance of eosinophils on the development and function of the mammary gland, uterus, and ovary in mice. Eosinophils were up to 13-fold and 4-fold more abundant in the uterus and mammary gland, respectively, in female IL-5 transgenic (IL-5Tg) mice than in wild-type (Wt) animals. Eosinophils were present in large numbers in regressing corpora lutea in IL-5Tg mice but not in ovaries from Wt mice. Postpubertal mammary gland development was retarded in IL-5Tg mice, with impaired terminal end bud formation and an altered pattern of epithelial cell proliferation across the mammary fat pad coincident with disrupted ductal branching and extension. By 10 wk of age, the ductal tree was complete in both genotypes. Onset of first estrus was also delayed in IL-5Tg mice, but once IL-5Tg mice reached puberty, serum estrogen content across the cycle and estrous cycle duration were normal. The histology of uterine tissue and epithelial cell turnover were unchanged. Capacity to mate and achieve pregnancy was not affected by maternal IL-5 transgene expression, although at Day 18 of gestation, a modest decrease in the fetal:placental weight ratio was observed. Furthermore, parturition and ability to lactate and nurture postnatal pup development were not compromised. These data demonstrate an effect of IL-5 overexpression on ductal morphogenesis during postpubertal mammary gland development that is consistent with a direct regulatory role for eosinophils in these events, but these data also show that eosinophil excess does not have long-term consequences for adult reproductive function.
Mean Inactivation Dose: A Useful Concept for Intercomparison of Human Cell Survival Curves (1984)

B. Fertil, H. Dertinger, A. Courdi, E. P. Malaise, Mean Inactivation Dose: A Useful Concept for Intercomparison of Human Cell Survival Curves, Radiation Research, Vol. 99, No. 1 (Jul., 1984), pp. 73-84
Stimulation of Apolipoprotein E Secretion in Human Hepatoma Hep G2 Cells by a Cyclic Acylpeptide, N-4909. (1996)

Apolipoprotein E (apo E) is mainly produced in the liver and secreted into plasma as a major component of several classes of lipoproteins.
Manipulation of cellular interactions with biomaterials toward a therapeutic outcome: A perspective (1994)

Manipulation of the wound healing process and the manner in which tissues interact with inert biomaterials were both made possible with the discovery of arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD) acid as a major cell recognition signal in the extracellular matrix. Whether promoting cell adhesion or selectively inhibiting cell-cell aggregation mediated by integrin cell surface receptors, RGD-containing peptides can be rationally designed to incorporate both stability and integrin specificity. Synthetic peptides containing this sequence have been linked to biodegradable biopolymers and introduced for the enhancement of dermal and corneal would healing. By accelerating the healing reaction using RGD-containing peptides, the quality of regenerated tissue seems to be improved, the extent of fibrosis restricted, and the risk of microbial infection may be reduced. Controlling the degree of fibrosis that often accompanies the healing of wounds and the reaction of tissue to foreign materials can also be achieved by natural antagonists of fibrogenic activity of TGF-beta animal models of kidney fibrosis. These advances in the biotechnology of wound healing and tissue regeneration eventually will have an overall impact on the quality of health care.
A partially biodegradable material device for repair and reconstruction of injured tendons (1985)

We assessed the applicability of a partially biodegradable synthetic material composed of polyglycolic acid (PGA) and dacron to repair or replace severely injured tendons. Adult rabbits underwent complete laceration and repair of one Achilles tendon. Group 1 (N = 8) had end to end tenorrhaphy with size 0 braided polyester suture, and Group 2 (N = 16) tendons were similarly repaired with the bicomposite designed PGA-dacron device. Group 3 (N = 16) received laceration and removal of 1 cm of tissue, and the defect was bridged with the same PGA-dacron material. No postoperative immobilization was applied. Evaluation, consisting of biomechanical testing or histologic inspection, was done at 4 and 8 weeks after tenorrhaphy. All tendons healed, and at 8 weeks the mean maximum load at failure of the repaired tendons was 32.2 +/- 3.4 kgf, 40.3 +/- 2.4 kgf, and 31.8 +/- 3.2kgf for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Values between groups were not significantly different, but all were significantly less (P less than or equal to 0.05) than the strength of the unoperated control tendons (55.8 +/- 7.2 kgf). The most noteworthy finding was the lengthening of the repaired tendons, due to scar elongation at the tenorrhaphy site, that occurred during healing as determined by a landmark placed a fixed distance proximal to the repair site. Group 1 tendons lengthened 22 mm, while Group 2 and 3 tendons increased by 12.5 mm. Histologically, fibrous tissue ingrowth into the residual dacron scaffold occurred, but it was inconsistent and inadequate in quality and quantity to be satisfactory as neotendon. The fibrous tissue did not mature or align in response to load. We concluded that the PGA-dacron material had adequate strength and physical properties to use both for primary tenorrhaphy and to bridge the tendon defect. However, in our experience this material lacks any significant advantage over other materials available or known to be under evaluation to support neotendon formation when an actual soft tissue defect exists.
Combination of infliximab and methotrexate therapy for early rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, controlled trial (2004)

For patients with active RA in its early stages, combination therapy with MTX and infliximab provides greater clinical, radiographic, and functional benefits than treatment with MTX alone.
Backbone Cyclic Peptide, Which Mimics the Nuclear Localization Signal of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Matrix Protein, Inhibits Nuclear Import and Virus Production in Nondividing Cells (1998)

Here, we describe an application of the backbone cyclic (BC) proteinomimetic approach to the design and the synthesis of a BC peptide which functionally mimics the nuclear localization signal (NLS) region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix protein (HIV-1 MA). On the basis of the NMR structure of HIV-1 MA, a library of BC peptides was designed and screened for the ability to inhibit nuclear import of NLS-BSA in digitonin-permeabilized HeLa and Colo-205 cultured cells. The screening yielded a lead compound (IC50 = 3 microM) which was used for the design of a second library. This library led to the discovery of a highly potent BC peptide, designated BCvir, with an IC50 value of 35 nM. This inhibitory potency is compared to a value of 12 microM exhibited by the linear parent HIV-1 MA NLS peptide. BCvir also reduced HIV-1 production by 75% in infected nondividing cultured human T-cells and was relatively resistant to tryptic digestion. These properties make BCvir a potential candidate for the development of a novel class of antiviral drugs which will be based on blocking nuclear import of viral genomes.
Effects of LTD4 on Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation, Matrix Expression, and Contraction In Vitro : Differential Sensitivity to Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (1998)

The cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) mimic many of the features of asthma and are implicated in its pathophysiology. Little, however, is known about the effects of the CysLTs on airways remodeling. In this study the effects of leukotriene D4 (LTD4) on human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell proliferation and expression of extracellular matrix proteins were investigated. LTD4 (0.1-10 microM) alone had no effect on DNA synthesis in HASM. LTD4, however, markedly augmented proliferation induced by the mitogen, epidermal growth factor (EGF, 1 ng/ml). The potentiating effect of LTD4 (1 microM) on EGF-induced DNA synthesis was abolished by pranlukast (1 microM) or pobilukast (30 microM), but unaffected by zafirlukast (1 microM). In contrast, pranlukast (pKB = 6.9), pobilukast (pKB = 7.0), and zafirlukast (pKB = 6.5) had equivalent potencies for inhibition of LTD4-induced contraction in human bronchus. LTD4 (0.1 or 10 microM) did not increase the total messenger RNA expression of the extracellular matrix proteins (pro-alpha[I] type I or alpha1[IV] type IV collagen), elastin, biglycan, decorin, and fibronectin, and did not influence tumor growth factor-beta (10 ng/ml)-induced effects on the expression of these proteins in HASM cells. These data indicate that LTD4 augments growth factor-induced HASM proliferation but does not alter the expression of various extracellular matrix components. The observed differences in sensitivity to the antagonists suggests that the former phenomenon may be mediated by a CysLT receptor distinct from that which mediates LTD4-induced HASM contraction. Collectively, these results provide preliminary evidence that CysLTs may play a role in airways remodeling in asthma.
Distributed and Massed Practice Effects on Motor Performance and Learning of Autistic Children (1989)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of massed and distributed practice upon the learning by 8 autistic children of rotary pursuit tracking at 20 rpm. The massed practice group of four completed 10 30-sec. trials with 5-sec. rests for 10 consecutive days on the Photoelectric Pursuit Rotor. The distributed practice group completed 10 30-sec. trials with 30-sec. rests for 10 consecutive days on the same device. The results of a 2 x 10 x 10 (group x practice days x trials) analysis of variance with repeated measures on the last two factors indicated that learning occurred for both groups but no differences between groups were significant. It is suggested that further investigations into the applicability of motor learning principles to special populations be conducted using larger groups.
Isolation and Characterization of an Fe(III)-Chelating Compound Produced by Pseudomonas syringae (1986)

The phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae produces a fluorescent pigment when it is grown in iron-deficient media. This pigment forms a very stable Fe(III) complex that was purified in this form by using a novel procedure based on ultrafiltration and column chromatography. The Fe(III) complex has a molecular weight of 1,100 and contains 1 mol of Fe(III). The pigment is composed of an amino acid moiety with three threonines, three serines, one lysine, delta-N-hydroxyornithine, and a quinoline-type fluorescent chromophore. These features and its stability constant (in the range of 10) suggest that the fluorescent pigment of P. syringae is related to the siderophores produced by another Pseudomonas species.
Neonatal cytokines and coagulation factors in children with cerebral palsy (1998)

We explored the association of inflammatory mediators and markers of autoimmune and coagulation disorders with cerebral palsy (CP), examining 53 analytes in dried neonatal blood of 31 children with spastic CP, most born at term, and 65 control children. Ultramicroanalysis was performed by recycling immunoaffinity chromatography coupled with laser-enhanced fluorescence and chemiluminescence detection. Reactive antibodies to lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, antithrombin III, and the translational product of the factor V Leiden mutation were isolated by recycling immunoaffinity chromatography and measured by capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence-enhanced immunoassay. Higher concentrations of interleukins (ILs) 1, 8, 9, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and RANTES were observed in these children with CP than in any control child. There were also substantial elevations of IL-6, 11, 13, and other chemokines and colony-stimulating factors in children with CP. Antiphospholipid antibody was present in a titer of 1:100 or greater in 4 children with CP and no control child. Using cuts empirically chosen by recursive partitioning, we found higher concentrations of antibody to antithrombin III, to a translational product of factor V Leiden mutation, and to proteins C and S in children with CP than in controls. We conclude that inflammation and these coagulation abnormalities, which have interacting pathways, are important in the etiology of CP.
The Shape of the Messenger: Using Protein Structure Information to Design Novel Cytokine-based Therapeutics (2002)

The cloning and mass production of recombinant cytokine proteins opened a new world of treatment possibilities. While some cytokines, including several haematopoietic factors and interferons, are now used routinely in the clinic, there are still many problems with side effects. These are due to the many different activities of cytokines on different cell populations. In some cases, activities responsible for side effects have been attributed to discreet areas of the proteins and "structure driven design" can be used to generate novel proteins with better clinical profile. In other cases, structural alterations can enhance activity by increasing serum half-life. This review summarizes the structures of cytokines and their receptor complexes deposited in the Protein Data Base (PDB) and introduces the other articles in this issue on structure-driven design of cytokines for therapy. Cytokines fall into only a few structural classifications. Most of the growth regulatory cytokines including serum factors, growth hormone, haematopoietic growth factors, colony stimulating factors, erythropoietin, IL-3, IL-2 and interferons, are four or five helix bundles. Factors which primarily induce inflammatory responses, including TNF, lymphotoxin and IL-1, form beta-barrel structures that resemble the FGF family. Chemokines and factors that regulate multicellular responses, such as macrophage migration, neutrophil invasion and chemotaxis, have similar structures, classified as alpha + beta. One biological paradox is that many cytokines that vary greatly in function have a similar structure and share receptors. However, homologous cytokines may differ considerably in their mode of interaction with a shared receptor. A few structures for the extracellular regions of cytokine receptors are known, in several cases complexed with their biological target. These structures, coupled with structural alignment of families, indicate areas that control binding to receptors, as opposed to specific areas responsible for the specific activities of this diverse group of proteins. Methods to use cytokine structure to derive better therapeutics are summarized.
Varactor-tuned Ka-band gunn osciliator (2005)

The investigation of varactor tuned Ka-band Gunn oscillators in full-height waveguide cavities is described in this paper. The experiment result shows that the frequency tuning range is 3.06 GHz and output power is larger than 30 mW.
Identification of Apoptotic Cells by Formamide-induced DNA Denaturation in Condensed Chromatin (2001)

In this article we describe a novel effect of formamide on DNA of apoptotic nuclei and present a method for specific detection of apoptotic cells based on this effect. Our observations show that formamide induces DNA denaturation in apoptotic nuclei but has no such effect on DNA of non-apoptotic cells. Formamide-induced DNA denaturation combined with detection of denatured DNA with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against single-stranded DNA made it possible to specifically identify the apoptotic cells. This procedure produced intense staining of the condensed chromatin in the apoptotic nuclei. In contrast, necrotic cells from cultures treated with sodium azide, saponin, or hyperthermia did not bind this antibody, demonstrating the specificity of the formamide-MAb assay for the apoptotic cells. However, TUNEL stained 90-100% of necrotic cells in all three models of necrosis. Because the MAb did not stain cells with single- or double-stranded DNA breaks in the absence of apoptosis, we conclude that staining of the apoptotic nuclei is not influenced by DNA breaks and is induced by specific changes in condensed chromatin, such as damage to the DNA-histone interactions. Importantly, the formamide-MAb technique identified apoptotic cells in frozen sections and in histological sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.
Complement-Induced Impairment of Innate Immunity During Sepsis (2002)

This study defines the molecular basis for defects in innate immunity involving neutrophils during cecal ligation/puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in rats. Blood neutrophils from CLP rats demonstrated defective phagocytosis and defective assembly of NADPH oxidase, the latter being due to the inability of p47(phox) to translocate from the cytosol to the cell membrane of neutrophils after cell stimulation by phorbol ester (PMA). The appearance of these defects was prevented by in vivo blockade of C5a in CLP rats. In vitro exposure of neutrophils to C5a led to reduced surface expression of C5aR and defective assembly of NADPH oxidase, as defined by failure in phosphorylation of p47(phox) and its translocation to the cell membrane, together with failure in phosphorylation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases. These data identify a molecular basis for defective innate immunity involving neutrophils during sepsis.
Covalent end-immobilization of oligonucleotides onto solid surfaces (2001)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2001.
Cortical Change in Alzheimer's Disease Detected with a Disease-specific Population-based Brain Atlas (2001)

We report the first detailed population-based maps of cortical gray matter loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD), revealing prominent features of early structural change. New computational approaches were used to: (i) distinguish variations in gray matter distribution from variations in gyral patterns; (ii) encode these variations in a brain atlas (n = 46); (iii) create detailed maps localizing gray matter differences across groups. High resolution 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes were acquired from 26 subjects with mild to moderate AD (age 75.8+/-1.7 years, MMSE score 20.0+/-0.9) and 20 normal elderly controls (72.4+/-1.3 years) matched for age, sex, handedness and educational level. Image data were aligned into a standardized coordinate space specifically developed for an elderly population. Eighty-four anatomical models per brain, based on parametric surface meshes, were created for all 46 subjects. Structures modeled included: cortical surfaces, all major superficial and deep cortical sulci, callosal and hippocampal surfaces, 14 ventricular regions and 36 gyral boundaries. An elastic warping approach, driven by anatomical features, was then used to measure gyral pattern variations. Measures of gray matter distribution were made in corresponding regions of cortex across all 46 subjects. Statistical variations in cortical patterning, asymmetry, gray matter distribution and average gray matter loss were then encoded locally across the cortex. Maps of group differences were generated. Average maps revealed complex profiles of gray matter loss in disease. Greatest deficits (20-30% loss, P<0.001-0.0001) were mapped in the temporo-parietal cortices. The sensorimotor and occipital cortices were comparatively spared (0-5% loss, P>0.05). Gray matter loss was greater in the left hemisphere, with different patterns in the heteromodal and idiotypic cortex. Gyral pattern variability also differed in cortical regions appearing at different embryonic phases. 3D mapping revealed profiles of structural deficits consistent with the cognitive, metabolic and histological changes in early AD. These deficits can therefore be (i) charted in a living population and (ii) compared across individuals and groups, facilitating longitudinal, genetic and interventional studies of dementia.
Severe Combined Adrenal and Gonadal Deficiency Caused by Novel Mutations in the Cholesterol Side Chain Cleavage Enzyme, P450scc (2008)

P450scc deficiency is a recently recognized disorder that may be more frequent than originally thought. The phenotypic spectrum ranges from severe loss-of-function mutations associated with prematurity, complete underandrogenization, and severe, early-onset adrenal failure, to partial deficiencies found in children born at term with clitoromegaly and later-onset adrenal failure. In contradistinction to congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia caused by steroidogenic acute regulatory protein mutations, adrenal hyperplasia has not been reported in any of the six patients with P450scc deficiency.