gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low trap-state density and long carrier diffusion in organolead trihalide perovskite single crystals (2015)

The fundamental properties and ultimate performance limits of organolead trihalide MAPbX3 (MA = CH3NH3(+); X = Br(-) or I(-)) perovskites remain obscured by extensive disorder in polycrystalline MAPbX3 films. We report an antisolvent vapor-assisted crystallization approach that enables us to create sizable crack-free MAPbX3 single crystals with volumes exceeding 100 cubic millimeters. These large single crystals enabled a detailed characterization of their optical and charge transport characteristics. We observed exceptionally low trap-state densities on the order of 10(9) to 10(10) per cubic centimeter in MAPbX3 single crystals (comparable to the best photovoltaic-quality silicon) and charge carrier diffusion lengths exceeding 10 micrometers. These results were validated with density functional theory calculations.
Ionic dependence of glutamate neurotoxicity (1987)

The cellular mechanisms by which excess exposure to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate can produce neuronal injury are unknown. More than a decade ago it was hypothesized that glutamate neurotoxicity (GNT) is a direct consequence of excessive neuronal excitation ("excitotoxicity" hypothesis); more recently, it has been hypothesized that a Ca influx triggered by glutamate exposure might mediate GNT (Ca hypothesis). A basic test to discriminate between these hypotheses would be to determine the dependence of GNT on the extracellular ionic environment. The excitotoxicity hypothesis predicts that GNT should depend critically on the presence of extracellular Na, since that ion appears to mediate glutamate neuroexcitation in the CNS; the Ca hypothesis predicts that GNT should depend critically on the presence of extracellular Ca. The focus of the present experiments was to determine the effects of several alterations in the extracellular ionic environment upon the serial morphologic changes that occur after mouse neocortical neurons in cell culture receive toxic exposure to glutamate. The results suggest that GNT in cortical neurons can be separated into 2 components distinguishable on the basis of differences in time course and ionic dependence. The first component, marked by neuronal swelling, occurs early, is dependent on extracellular Na and Cl, can be mimicked by high K, and is thus possibly "excitotoxic." The second component, marked by gradual neuronal disintegration, occurs late, is dependent on extracellular Ca, can be mimicked by A23187, and is thus possibly mediated by a transmembrane influx of Ca. While either component alone is ultimately capable of producing irreversible neuronal injury, the Ca-dependent mechanism predominates at lower exposures to glutamate. Glutamate exposure likely leads to a Ca influx both through glutamate-activated cation channels and through voltage-dependent Ca channels activated by membrane depolarization. Addition of 20 mM Mg, however, did not substantially block GNT; this finding, together with the observation that GNT is largely preserved in sodium-free solution, supports the notion that the activation of voltage-dependent Ca channels may not be required for lethal Ca entry. The possibility that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors may play a dominant role in mediating glutamate-induced lethal Ca influx is discussed.
Development of an Adaptive Approach for Precision Agriculture Monitoring with Drone and Satellite Data (2017)

For better agricultural productivity and food management, there is an urgent need for precision agriculture monitoring at larger scales. In recent years, drones have been employed for precision agriculture monitoring at smaller scales, and for past few decades, satellite data are being used for land cover classification and agriculture monitoring at larger scales. The monitoring of agriculture precisely over a large scale is a challenging task. In this paper, an approach has been proposed for precision agriculture monitoring, i.e., the classification of sparse and dense fields, which is carried out using freely available satellite data (Landsat 8) along with drone data. Repeated usage of drone has to be minimized and hence an adaptive classification approach is developed, which works with image statistics of the selected region. The proposed approach is successfully tested and validated on different spatial and temporal Landsat 8 data.
Properties of two-photon pumped cavity lasing in novel dye doped solid matrices (1996)

Two-photon pumped frequency upconversion cavity lasing at /spl sim/600 nm is accomplished in three types of dye-doped solid rods pumped with /spl sim/10 ns and 1.06-/spl mu/m IR laser pulses. The dopant is a new dye, trans-4-[p-(N-ethyl-N-(hydroxyethyl)amino)styryl]-N-methylpyridinium tetraphenylborate, abbreviated as ASPT, which possesses a greater two-photon absorption cross section and stronger upconversion fluorescence emission than common commercial dyes (such as rhodamine). Three different materials were chosen as solid matrices: poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), VYCOR porous glass, and sol-gel glass. Using a Q-switched Nd:YAG pulse laser as the pump source, strong cavity lasing could be achieved in these three ASPT doped solid rods as well as in ASPT solution in a liquid cell. The spectral, temporal, and spatial characteristics of the cavity lasing output have been systematically investigated. The measured output-input characteristics, lasing lifetime, and damage threshold for the three different rods are presented.
INSULIN RECEPTOR DOWN-REGULATION: PREVENTION AT A POST-RECEPTOR SITE (1981)

Nicotinamide (50mM) prevented insulin-mediated down-regulation of insulin receptors in IM-9 lymphoblastoid cells. Half-maximum effectiveness was between 10 and 33mM. Nicotinamide did not influence insulin binding to the cells, cell viability, insulin degradation or protein synthesis. A variety of inhibitors of ADP-ribosylation reactions besides nicotinamide, most of them pyridine analogues, similarly prevented insulin-induced receptor loss. Spermine decreased the number of insulin receptors in IM-9 cells, but this effect was not inhibited by nicotinamide.
The 110-kDa polypeptide of spinach plastid DNA-dependent RNA polymerase: single-subunit enzyme or catalytic core of multimeric enzyme complexes? (1993)

Highly purified RNA polymerase preparations from spinach chloroplasts contain seven major polypeptides of 150, 145, 110, 102, 80, 75, and 38 kDa. I find that RNA polymerase activity can be separated under defined conditions into three different fractions by heparin-Sepharose chromatography. Immunological analysis has shown that the first fraction contains RNA polymerase activity associated with all seven major polypeptides, and other studies have shown that some of these polypeptides (150, 145, 80, and 38 kDa) are associated with an RNA polymerase similar to the Escherichia coli enzyme. However, similar analyses of the remaining fractions show activity associated only with the 110-kDa polypeptide, suggesting the existence of a second kind of chloroplast RNA polymerase. Samples of this 110-kDa polypeptide purified by SDS/PAGE actively synthesize RNA in a reaction dependent on a supercoiled DNA template and the four ribonucleoside triphosphates. Hence, this polypeptide has all of the properties expected of a single-subunit RNA polymerase of the T7 bacteriophage type.
An improved technique for selective etching of GaAs and Ga1−xAlxAs (1980)

An improved technique is described for selectively etching ’’windows’’ in GaAs crystals with Ga1−xAlxAs (0.30⩽x⩽ 0.80) epitaxial layers. A reduction factor of 10–50 in the sample preparation time is achieved with a good reproducibility.
Abstract B091: A LAG-3/PD-L1 bispecific antibody inhibits tumor growth in two syngeneic colon carcinoma models (2016)

Abstract Combining immunotherapeutic antibodies for treatment of cancer patients has shown benefits over single agent treatment. For example, the addition of anti-PD-1 antibodies to anti-CTLA-4 treatment in advanced melanoma patients has increased objective response rates from 19% to 57.6% (Larkin,J et al. 2015. NEJM 373:23-34). An alternative to combining two antibodies is the development of bispecific antibodies that not only bring two biologies together but may result in novel mechanisms of action that are impossible to attain with combinations. Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) is a member of the Ig superfamily expressed on activated T cells, NK cells, pDCs, B cells, γδ T cells and participates in immune suppression, particularly through persistent strong expression in a percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Programmed Cell Death receptor (PD-1) binds to its ligand PD-L1, expressed not only on activated immune cells to inhibit cellular immune responses but also on tumor cells. Expression of LAG-3 and PD-1 leads to T cell exhaustion, allowing tumor escape from immune surveillance. Combining inhibitory antibodies to PD-1 and LAG-3 reactivates T cells leading to efficacy in murine models over single treatment (Woo,S-R et al. 2012. Cancer Res. 15: 917-27) which prompted interest in the development of a LAG-3 and PD-L1 bispecific antibody for inhibiting tumor growth. A murine-specific anti-LAG-3 and PD-L1 bispecific antibody was engineered which binds both antigens simultaneously and with nanomolar affinities. The anti-LAG-3/PD-L1 bispecific antibody inhibits LAG-3 binding to MHCII and PD-L1 binding to PD-1 and CD80, resulting in T cell activation in an in vitro assay. This potency translates into in vivo efficacy, where the anti-LAG-3/PD-L1 bispecific antibody decreased tumor burden in the MC38 colon carcinoma tumor model, both in early-established or well-established tumors. At the end of the study tumor-free animals were more numerous in the LAG-3/PD-L1 bispecific group than in the group given a combination of individual anti-LAG-3 and PD-L1 antibodies. The results were recapitulated in the CT26 murine colon cancer model, where the LAG-3/PD-L1 bispecific showed an increase of anti-tumor activity as compared to the combination of anti-LAG-3 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Thus, the preclinical data supports developing an anti-human LAG-3/PD-L1 bispecific for the treatment of cancer patients. Citation Format: Jacqueline Doody, Matthew Kraman, Katy Everett, Carlo Zimarino, Katarzyna Kmiecik, Mustapha Faroudi, Paul Thompson, Mateusz Wydro, Francisca Wollerton, Carlos Gaspar, Mihriban Tuna. A LAG-3/PD-L1 bispecific antibody inhibits tumor growth in two syngeneic colon carcinoma models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B091.
Enhanced Order of Block Copolymer Cylinders in Single‐Layer Films Using a Sweeping Solidification Front (2007)

Significant improvements of the microdomain order in cylinder-forming diblock copolymer thin film samples subjected to directional solidification are reported. Samples annealed in a sweeping solidification front have defect densities reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to regular thermal annealing, whereas adding an oscillatory component to the solidification front decreases defect densities by two additional orders of magnitude
Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor Can Induce Angiogenesis Independently of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (2003)

We demonstrate that HGF/SF can induce angiogenesis independently of VEGF, possibly through the direct activation of the Akt and ERKs. These results demonstrate the necessity of a multitargeted approach for the rational design of newer therapies to inhibit pathophysiological angiogenesis.
A Pooled Analysis of Bone Marrow Micrometastasis in Breast Cancer (2005)

The presence of micrometastasis in the bone marrow at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer is associated with a poor prognosis.
The histone deacetylase inhibitor FK228 preferentially enhances adenovirus transgene expression in malignant cells. (2003)

These studies suggest that low concentrations of FK228 preferentially increase the efficiency of adenoviral transgene expression in cancer cells compared with cultured normal cells from the corresponding tissue and may increase the efficiency of adenovirus therapies in vivo.
Enzymatic Pathways That Regulate Endocannabinoid Signaling in the Nervous System (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewsNEXTEnzymatic Pathways That Regulate Endocannabinoid Signaling in the Nervous SystemKay Ahn, *†, Michele K. McKinney, ‡, and Benjamin F. Cravatt, *‡View Author Information Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail addresses: [email protected]; [email protected]†Pfizer Global Research and Development.‡The Scripps Research Institute.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 5, 1687–1707Publication Date (Web):April 23, 2008Publication History Received28 January 2008Published online23 April 2008Published inissue 1 May 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0782067https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0782067review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3737Altmetric-Citations417LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Central nervous system,Inhibitors,Lipids,Peptides and proteins,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Transcriptome and Secretome Analyses ofPhanerochaete chrysosporiumReveal Complex Patterns of Gene Expression (2009)

The wood decay basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium was grown under standard ligninolytic or cellulolytic conditions and subjected to whole-genome expression microarray analysis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of extracellular proteins. A total of 545 genes were flagged on the basis of significant changes in transcript accumulation and/or peptide sequences of the secreted proteins. Under nitrogen or carbon limitation, lignin and manganese peroxidase expression increased relative to nutrient replete medium. Various extracellular oxidases were also secreted in these media, supporting a physiological connection based on peroxide generation. Numerous genes presumed to be involved in mobilizing and recycling nitrogen were expressed under nitrogen limitation, and among these were several secreted glutamic acid proteases not previously observed. In medium containing microcrystalline cellulose as the sole carbon source, numerous genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes were upregulated. Among these were six members of the glycoside hydrolase family 61, as well as several polysaccharide lyases and carbohydrate esterases. Presenting a daunting challenge for future research, more than 190 upregulated genes are predicted to encode proteins of unknown function. Of these hypothetical proteins, approximately one-third featured predicted secretion signals, and 54 encoded proteins detected in extracellular filtrates. Our results affirm the importance of certain oxidative enzymes and, underscoring the complexity of lignocellulose degradation, also support an important role for many new proteins of unknown function.
Unraveling the Enzymatic Basis of Wine “Flavorome”: A Phylo-Functional Study of Wine Related Yeast Species (2016)

Non-Saccharomyces yeasts are a heterogeneous microbial group involved in the early stages of wine fermentation. The high enzymatic potential of these yeasts makes them a useful tool for increasing the final organoleptic characteristics of wines in spite of their low fermentative power. Their physiology and contribution to wine quality are still poorly understood, with most current knowledge being acquired empirically and in most cases based in single species and strains. This work analyzed the metabolic potential of 770 yeast isolates from different enological origins and representing 15 different species, by studying their production of enzymes of enological interest and linking phylogenetic and enzymatic data. The isolates were screened for glycosidase enzymes related to terpene aroma release, the β-lyase activity responsible for the release of volatile thiols, and sulfite reductase. Apart from these aroma-related activities, protease, polygalacturonase and cellulase activities were also studied in the entire yeast collection, being related to the improvement of different technological and sensorial features of wines. In this context, and in terms of abundance, two different groups were established, with α-L-arabinofuranosidase, polygalacturonase and cellulase being the less abundant activities. By contrast, β-glucosidase and protease activities were widespread in the yeast collection studied. A classical phylogenetic study involving the partial sequencing of 26S rDNA was conducted in conjunction with the enzymatic profiles of the 770 yeast isolates for further typing, complementing the phylogenetic relationships established by using 26S rDNA. This has rendered it possible to foresee the contribution different yeast species make to wine quality and their potential applicability as pure inocula, establishing species-specific behavior. These consistent results allowed us to design future targeted studies on the impact different non-Saccharomyces yeast species have on wine quality, understanding intra and interspecific enzymatic odds and, therefore, aiming to predict the most suitable application for the current non-Saccharomyces strains, as well as the potential future applications of new strains. This work therefore contributes to a better understanding of the concept of wine microbiome and its potential consequences for wine quality, as well as to the knowledge of non-Saccharomyces yeasts for their use in the wine industry.
Targeting of a heterologous protein to the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1993)

The sexual adhesion protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MAT alpha cells, alpha-agglutinin, could not be extracted from the cell wall with hot sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), but became soluble after digestion of the cell wall with laminarinase. This indicates that it is intimately associated with cell wall glucan. A fusion protein was constructed consisting of the signal sequence of yeast invertase, guar alpha-galactosidase, and the C-terminal half of the alpha-agglutinin. Most of the fusion protein was incorporated in the cell wall. A small amount could be extracted with SDS, but most of it could only be extracted with laminarinase. On the other hand, cells containing a construct consisting of the signal sequence of invertase and alpha-galactosidase released most of the alpha-galactosidase into the medium and all cell wall-associated alpha-galactosidase was released by SDS. Labelling with antibodies showed that the alpha-galactosidase part of the fusion protein was exposed on the surface of the cell wall. The results demonstrate that the C-terminal half of the alpha-agglutinin contains the information needed to incorporate a protein into the cell wall.
The serine protease cofactor factor V is synthesized by lymphocytes (1993)

Ag-specific cellular immune responses result in CD4+ T cell activation, which can induce the expression of tissue factor in cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. This results in initiation of the coagulation protease cascade, with ultimate generation of thrombin. The latter is a potent and pleiotropic mediator of cellular responses and deposition of fibrin. To explore the requirements for extravascular cellular mediation of immune effector pathways, we have searched for a cellular source of the cofactor factor Va. Factor V mRNA was identified in human lymphoid cells by using reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We confirmed our reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results by an independent cloning of factor V cDNA from a T cell cDNA library. The sequence of the factor V cDNA was virtually identical to hepatic factor V mRNA sequence. A limited span of mRNA, encoding part of the connecting region of the factor V protein, was found to contain nucleotide polymorphisms based on six nucleotide substitutions. Northern blot analysis confirmed the presence of a approximately 7-kb factor V mRNA in the Hut-78* human T lymphoma cell line and, at five- to eightfold less abundance, in unstimulated lymphocytes and long term allogeneic stimulated T cells. Immunocytology with factor V mAb identified factor V intracellularly in freshly isolated T lymphocytes but not on the surface of cells. These data provide evidence for factor V transcription and biosynthesis by human lymphocytes. They provide an additional perspective on how lymphocytes may contribute to inflammatory effector functions of cellular immune responses in extravascular sites through provision of cofactors necessary for the coagulation serine protease cascade.
Critical evaluation of the different staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma (2004)

None of the currently used staging systems fulfils all the requirements for stratification of patients with HCC into groups of different prognosis and therapeutic recommendations. An international agreement on a single staging system is urgently needed in order to permit comparable randomized clinical trials. Only in this way will the outcome for those with HCC be improved.
Lotus Effect Amplifies Light-Induced Contact Angle Switching (2004)

A rough surface morphology is shown to significantly amplify the light-induced change in water contact angle of a photoresponsive surface. Smooth Si surfaces and fractally rough Si nanowire surfaces grown on a Si substrate were studied, both coated with a hydrophobic monolayer containing photochromic spiropyran molecules. Under visible irradiation the spiropyran is in a closed, hydrophobic form, whereas UV irradiation converts the spiropyran to a polar, hydrophilic form, reducing the contact angle. The superhydrophobic nanowire surface both amplifies the light-induced contact angle change by a factor of 2 relative to a smooth surface and reduces the contact angle hysteresis. As a result the UV-induced advancing contact angle is lower than the receding contact angle under visible irradiation, allowing water drops to be moved solely under the influence of a UV−visible light gradient. The amplification of the reversible light-induced wetting angle change was predicted using the Wenzel model for fractally rough surfaces. The model and amplification effects are expected to apply to other types of stimuli-induced contact angle changes such as that by heat or electrical potentials.