gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Poly(p-phenyleneethynylene) with a Highly Emissive Aggregated Phase (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Poly(p-phenyleneethynylene) with a Highly Emissive Aggregated PhaseRobert Deans, Jinsang Kim, Michelle R. Machacek, and Timothy M. SwagerView Author Information Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 35, 8565–8566Publication Date (Web):August 19, 2000Publication History Received29 February 2000Published online19 August 2000Published inissue 1 September 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0007298https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0007298rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1941Altmetric-Citations242LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Aggregation,Polymer films,Polymers,Thin films Get e-Alerts
The Rearrangement of α,β-Epoxy Ketones. III. The Intramolecular Nature of the Rearrangement (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Rearrangement of α,β-Epoxy Ketones. III. The Intramolecular Nature of the RearrangementHerbert O. HouseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 10, 2298–2302Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01591a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01591a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views317Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Astrocytes: Role and Functions in Brain Pathologies (2019)

Astrocytes are a population of cells with distinctive morphological and functional characteristics that differ within specific areas of the brain. Postnatally, astrocyte progenitors migrate to reach their brain area and related properties. They have a regulatory role of brain functions that are implicated in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, controlling blood-brain barrier permeability and maintaining extracellular homeostasis. Mature astrocytes also express some genes enriched in cell progenitors, suggesting they can retain proliferative potential. Considering heterogeneity of cell population, it is not surprising that their disorders are related to a wide range of different neuro-pathologies. Brain diseases are characterized by the active inflammatory state of the astrocytes, which is usually described as up-regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In particular, the loss of astrocytes function as a result of cellular senescence could have implications for the neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease and Huntington disease, and for the aging brain. Astrocytes can also drive the induction and the progression of the inflammatory state due to their Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals and that it is strongly related to the disease severity/state. Moreover, they contribute to the altered neuronal activity in several frontal cortex pathologies such as ischemic stroke and epilepsy. There, we describe the current knowledge pertaining to astrocytes' role in brain pathologies and discuss the possibilities to target them as approach toward pharmacological therapies for neuro-pathologies.
Constitutive expression of fibronectin binding in Streptococcus pyogenes as a result of anaerobic activation of rofA (1997)

Protein F is a fibronectin-binding surface protein of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) that mediates adherence to host cells. A gene product encoded by rofA activates transcription of the gene that encodes protein F (prtF) and was identified in a strain of S. pyogenes that expressed high levels of protein F under all conditions tested. Insertional inactivation of rofA in this strain results in a phenotype similar to that of other strains where high-level transcription of prtF occurs only in response to increased oxygen tension. In this study, we have compared the regulation of prtF and rofA in O2-regulated and constitutive strains in order to gain further insight into the function of rofA. Comparison of the prtF and rofA transcripts by S1 nuclease and primer extension assays indicated that the same promoters for each transcript are used in both O2-regulated and constitutive strains. However, analyses of rofA-lacZ reporter alleles revealed that a key difference between strains involves regulation of rofA itself. In O2-regulated strains, expression of rofA was elevated following culture under conditions of reduced O2 tension. However, a much more robust activation of rofA expression was observed when constitutive strains were grown under similar conditions. Exchange of reporter and rofA alleles between strains demonstrated that host genetic background, and not the sequence of the respective rofA allele or regulatory region, dictates the expression phenotype. Activation of rofA required RofA, and RofA was shown to bind specifically to DNA containing the promoters for rofA and prtF. Finally, overexpression of either allele of rofA caused constitutive expression of prtF regardless of host background. These data suggest a model where anaerobic expression of prtF in constitutive hosts is controlled at the level of transcription of rofA and implicate additional factors in this regulatory pathway.
Biodiversity, Community Structural Shifts, and Biogeography of Prokaryotes within Antarctic Continental Shelf Sediment (2003)

16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clone library analysis was conducted to assess prokaryotic diversity and community structural changes within a surficial sediment core obtained from an Antarctic continental shelf area (depth, 761 m) within the Mertz Glacier Polynya (MGP) region. Libraries were created from three separate horizons of the core (0- to 0.4-cm, 1.5- to 2.5-cm, and 20- to 21-cm depth positions). The results indicated that at the oxic sediment surface (depth, 0 to 0.4 cm) the microbial community appeared to be dominated by a small subset of potentially r-strategist (fast-growing, opportunistic) species, resulting in a lower-than-expected species richness of 442 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). At a depth of 1.5 to 2.5 cm, the species richness (1,128 OTUs) was much higher, with the community dominated by numerous gamma and delta proteobacterial phylotypes. At a depth of 20 to 21 cm, a clear decline in species richness (541 OTUs) occurred, accompanied by a larger number of more phylogenetically divergent phylotypes and a decline in the predominance of Proteobacteria. Based on rRNA and clonal abundance as well as sequence comparisons, syntrophic cycling of oxidized and reduced sulfur compounds appeared to be the dominant process in surficial MGP sediment, as phylotype groups putatively linked to these processes made up a large proportion of clones throughout the core. Between 18 and 65% of 16S rDNA phylotypes detected in a wide range of coastal and open ocean sediments possessed high levels of sequence similarity (>95%) with the MGP sediment phylotypes, indicating that many sediment prokaryote phylotype groups defined in this study are ubiquitous in marine sediment.
Evidence Saving, Wealth, Performance and Prediction of Financial Vulnerability in Taiwan Private Universities (2009)

The study examined both financial performance and prediction of financial vulnerability as dual ways in evaluating the nonprofit organization (NPO) of Taiwan institutions of higher education( IHE). Applying prior confirmed methods of (a) Fiscal performance, including the saving, wealth, and two saving ratios (Carbone & Winston, 2004), and (b) Four financial distress indicators-debt ratio, revenue concentration, saving surplus and organization size for financial vulnerability (Trussel, 2002), we obtained a result that over the year of 2004-2006, some universities showed declining yearly savings obviously. The four indicators are proved to be useful in predicting the financial vulnerability of higher educational organizations in Taiwan. According to Carbone and Winston (2004), the saving of an individual school describes its performance measure and the slack, breathing space, or vulnerability which is related to its spending or competition. Trussel (2002) found the model using the four indicators useful in predicting financial vulnerability of charitable organizations, and we followed his model and applied to the private universities and colleges in Taiwan. The results show that that financial vulnerability is significantly associated with debt ratio, revenue concentration, and yearly savings, but insignificantly with size. This article also discusses the implication of the findings and future research.
Lack of beta 1 integrin gene in embryonic stem cells affects morphology, adhesion, and migration but not integration into the inner cell mass of blastocysts. (1995)

A gene trap-type targeting vector was designed to inactivate the beta 1 integrin gene in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Using this vector more than 50% of the ES cell clones acquired a disruption in the beta 1 integrin gene and a single clone was mutated in both alleles. The homozygous mutant did not produce beta 1 integrin mRNA or protein, while alpha 3, alpha 5, and alpha 6 integrin subunits were transcribed but not detectable on the cell surface. Heterozygous mutants showed reduced beta 1 expression and surface localization of alpha/beta 1 heterodimers. The alpha V subunit expression was not impaired on any of the mutants. Homozygous ES cell mutants lacked adhesiveness for laminin and fibronectin but not for vitronectin and showed a reduced association with a fibroblast feeder layer. Furthermore, they did not migrate towards chemoattractants in fibroblast medium. None of these functions were impaired in heterozygous mutants. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that homozygous cells showed fewer cell-cell junctions and had many microvilli not usually found on wild type and heterozygous cells. This profound change in cell shape is not associated with gross alterations in the expression and distribution of cytoskeletal components. Unexpectedly, microinjection into blastocysts demonstrated full integration of homozygous and heterozygous mutants into the inner cell mass. This will allow studies of the consequences of beta 1 integrin deficiency in several in vivo situations.
Alternative technologies and delivery systems for broadband ISDN access (1992)

Switched on-demand video is expected to become a major consumer of bandwidth. Two-way video offers televisting, tele-education, and telecommuting services, which together could represent a further substantial bandwidth demand. High-speed data services to provide the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) between locations, or even operate a computer-aided design (CAD) terminal remotely from its local area network (LAN), are likely new applications for broadband integrated services digital networks (B-ISDN). The video quality evolution and digital modulation techniques that are making broadband digital delivery of TV signals possible are reviewed. Cable TV B-ISDN delivery, short twisted pair B-ISDN delivery, and TV broadcast digital delivery are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Arrhenius Parameters of the Deuterium Isotope Rate Effect in a Base-promoted Elimination Reaction1: Evidence for Proton Tunnelling (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Arrhenius Parameters of the Deuterium Isotope Rate Effect in a Base-promoted Elimination Reaction1: Evidence for Proton TunnellingV. J. Shiner Jr. and Morris L. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 3, 593–598Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01464a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01464a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Catalysis by human leukocyte elastase: substrate structural dependence of rate-limiting protolytic catalysis and operation of the charge relay system (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalysis by human leukocyte elastase: substrate structural dependence of rate-limiting protolytic catalysis and operation of the charge relay systemRoss L. SteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 15, 5111–5116Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00353a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00353a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Encapsulation of Bovine Serum Albumin in Temperature‐Programmed “Shell‐in‐Shell” Structures (2003)

Abstract A novel approach to load a hydrophilic bovine serum albumin into drug carriers was proposed in terms of temperature‐programmed “shell‐in‐shell” structures, which were fabricated with poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide), poly(lactide), poly(ethylene glycol), and Au nanoparticles. Spherically well‐defined “shell‐in‐shell” structures were constructed by a modified‐double‐emulsion method (MDEM). The lower critical solubility temperature of the structures was manipulated to 36.4 °C which was confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopy and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). TEM image of the Au@PLLA‐PEG@PNIPAAm‐PDLA structure. magnified image TEM image of the Au@PLLA‐PEG@PNIPAAm‐PDLA structure.
Prevalence and characterization of novel pANCA, antibodies to the high mobility group non-histone chromosomal proteins HMG1 and HMG2, in systemic rheumatic diseases. (1998)

Anti-HMG1/HMG2 antibodies are detected commonly in systemic rheumatic diseases, particularly in RA, SLE, SS, and SSc. HMGI and HMG2 seem to be the significant target antigens of pANCA in RA. These antibodies are significantly associated with disease activity indices in RA and SLE.
A Combined Photoelectrochemical and Theoretical Study to Understand Adsorption Properties of Organic Molecules on TiO2 Surfaces (2015)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely used in industry as a photocatalyst due to its superior photoactivity, high photo- and chemical-stability, non-toxicity, abundance, and low cost. Many of its applications in clean energy generation and environmental remediation involve interactions between organic species and TiO2 materials. Such interactions not only depend on the intrinsic properties of TiO2, but also on its surfaces structure. Specifically, the capacity of the TiO2 surface to adsorb organic species is vital for TiO2 photocatalytical performance. Understanding the adsorption properties of organic compounds on various crystalline TiO2 surfaces is essential for further technological development. In this project, theoretical studies initially demonstrated that TiO2 is the most photoactive all Ti-O based materials. A combined photoelectrochemical (PEC) and theoretical study was conducted to understand the adsorption properties of organic molecules on anatase (001) and rutile (111) TiO2 surfaces. PEC measurements can provide quantitative thermodynamic and kinetic information on the adsorption properties of organic species on the TiO2 surface under operational, practical conditions. The theoretical studies provide further information on interactions at the atomic level.
Principles of a computer immune system (1997)

Natural immune systems provide a rich source of inspiration for computer security in the age of the Internet. Immune systems have many features that are desirable for the imperfect, uncontrolled, and open environments in which most computers currently exist. These include distributability, diversity, disposability, adaptability, autonomy, dynamic coverage, anomaly detection, multiple layers, identity via behavior, no trusted components, and imperfect detection. These principles suggest a wide variety of architectures for a computer immune system. 1
Molecular analysis of the gene encoding the major surface antigen of Toxoplasma gondii. (1988)

The complete sequence of P30, the major surface Ag of the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, has been deduced through the cloning and analysis of its gene. Using polyclonal serum specific for P30, we have isolated a P30 cDNA clone from a lambda gt11 cDNA expression library derived from tachyzoites of T. gondii (RH strain). This clone produces a beta-galactosidase fusion protein which reacts with several anti-P30 mAb. In addition, polyclonal anti-serum raised to the fusion protein reacts with purified P30 protein and exclusively with P30 in a whole cell lysate of T. gondii. This cDNA clone was used to isolate near full-length cDNA molecules and a cosmid clone containing the P30 gene. Sequence analysis of the cDNA reveals a single open reading frame with coding capacity for 34.7 kDa of primary translation product (consistent with the apparent Mr of P30 on SDS-acrylamide gels) including a presumptive hydrophobic signal sequence. The P30 primary translation product also has a carboxy-terminal hydrophobic tail which is predictive of a posttranslational cleavage and modification with a glycolipid anchor. We have identified the apparent 5' and 3' ends of the P30 mRNA transcript which is extremely abundant, 1500 nucleotides in length, and polyadenylated. The P30 gene is single copy and contains no introns.
Immunoregulatory effects of the antitumor polysaccharide lentinan on Th1/Th2 balance in patients with digestive cancers. (2001)

LNT apparently can cancel Th2-dominant condition in patients with digestive cancers and may improve the balance between Th1 and Th2.
[De La Chapelle syndrome]. (2001)

Patients with De La Chapelle syndrome diagnosed around the age of 20 years do not have borderline disorders associating genitalia anomalies or sexual ambiguity. The majority of the patients bear the testis determining SRY gene on one of the X chromosomes, providing the rational explanation of the male phenotype, but 20% of the XX males doe not have this gene. The role of certain key genes that could be implicated in abnormal sexual differentiation is known, but the complexity and heterogeneous nature of this syndrome leaves many questions unanswered. Therapy is based on androgen replacement therapy given at an early stage.
Detection of membrane-associated human chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits on human cultured cancer cells of the nervous system. (1997)

Cultured human cancer cells from the nervous system, which included brain cancers, neuroblastomas, medulloblastomas, and retinoblastomas, were analyzed by analytical flow cytometry for the presence of membrane-associated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), its subunits, and fragments. Live cells and a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed to epitopes located in three different sites of the hCG molecule were used in the analysis. For in vivo studies, the cultured human glioma cells were grown in athymic (nude) mice, and their tumors were excised and fixed in Bouin's fixative, and embedded in paraffin for subsequent immunocytochemical analysis of tissue sections. Cells from a benign uterine leiomyoma were used as a negative control. Membrane-associated and cytoplasmic hCG, its subunits, and its fragments were present in cells from all the cancers studied. These results correlate with our in vitro and in vivo studies which showed the presence of translatable levels of hCG beta mRNA in all cancers, including the cancers of the nervous system, proving that these malignant neoplasms are no different from carcinomas, sarcomas, malignant lymphomas, or leukemias in that they all have the same biochemical denominator. Our findings give the scientific basis for the use of active and/or passive immunization against hCG for prevention or as a primary adjuvant therapy for these types of cancers.