gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mammary epithelial stem cells: transplantation and self‐renewal analysis (2003)

An entire mammary epithelial outgrowth, capable of full secretory differentiation, may be comprised of the progeny of a single cellular antecedent. This conclusion is based upon the maintenance of retroviral insertion sites within the somatic DNA of successive transplant generations derived from a single mammary fragment. In addition, dissociation of these clonal dominant glands and implantation of dispersed cells at limiting dilution demonstrated that both duct-limited and lobule-limited outgrowths were developed, as well as complete, fully differentiated glands. Thus, transplantation has revealed three distinct mammary epithelial progenitors in the mouse. Similar studies have extended this observation to rat mammary tissue. Recently, using cre-lox conditional activation of reporter genes, a new epithelial progenitor, specific for mammary secretory epithelium in postlactation females has been uncovered. In situ, these cells were shown to regenerate secretory lobules upon successive pregnancies. In transplant studies, they demonstrated the capacity for self-renewal and contributed to the new generation of all of the known epithelial cell types among mammary epithelium. In limiting dilution, the parity-induced progenitors were capable of engendering lobule-limited and duct-limited outgrowths in their entirety, but not completely developed glands. Serial transplant studies indicate that these progenitors have a significant but limited capacity for self-renewal.
New Synthetic Route to Granulatimide and Its Structural Analogues. (2002)

The Stille coupling reaction of stannylindole 12 with 4-iodoimidazole 13 (or 24) in the presence of PdCl(2)(PPh(3))(2) gave the corresponding indole-imidazole coupling product 14 (or 25), thereby affording a new synthetic approach to the alkaloid granulatimide (7), isolated from the Brazilian ascidian Didemnum granulatum, as well as its structural analogues, 10-methylgranulatimide (23), 17-methylgranulatimide (30), 10,17-dimethylgranulatimide (31).
The Xanthomonas Type III Effector Protein AvrBs3 Modulates Plant Gene Expression and Induces Cell Hypertrophy in the Susceptible Host (2002)

Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria bacteria expressing the type III effector protein AvrBs3 induce a hypersensitive response in pepper plants carrying the resistance gene Bs3. Here, we report that infection of susceptible pepper and tomato plants leads to an AvrBs3-dependent hypertrophy of the mesophyll tissue. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of the avrBs3 gene in tobacco and potato plants resulted in a similar phenotype. Induction of hypertrophy was shown to depend on the repeat region, nuclear localization signals, and acidic transcription activation domain (AAD) of AvrBs3, suggesting that the effector modulates the host's transcriptome. To search for host genes regulated by AvrBs3 in an AAD-dependent manner, we performed a cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of pepper mRNA populations. Thirteen AvrBs3-induced transcripts were identified and confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Sequence analysis revealed homologies to auxin-induced and expansinlike genes, which play a role in cell enlargement. These results suggest that some of the AvrBs3-induced genes may be involved in hypertrophy development and that xanthomonads possess type III effectors that steer host gene expression.
Human Plasma Gelsolin Inhibits Cellular Responses to Platelet Activating Factor (PAF). (2005)

Abstract Gelsolin is a highly conserved intracellular actin-binding protein with an extracellular isoform named plasma gelsolin (pGSN). Relatively high (250 mg /L) blood concentrations of pGSN decrease in response to trauma, major surgery, sepsis, burns, ionizing radiation, and hyperoxia. Depletion of pGSN to a critical (~20%) level precedes and predicts complications of primary injuries such as lung permeability changes, ARDS, assisted ventilation and death. Administration of recombinant pGSN ameliorates such complications and reduces mortality in animal models. A proposed mechanism for pGSN’s protective effects is that it inhibits inflammatory mediators generated during primary injuries, since pGSN binds bioactive mediators, including lysophospatidic acid (LPA) and endotoxin in vitro. Because of its structural similarity we hypothesized that plasma gelsolin binds also to the potent lipid mediator platelet activating factor (PAF) and report here on the inhibition of PAF-induced cellular activation. Recombinant pGSN inhibited PAF-induced P-selectin up-regulation by human platelets as measured by flow cytometry. A ten- to 40-fold molar excess (0.5–20 μM) of pGSN over PAF inhibits P-selectin expression by 40 to 80%. The concentrations of plasma gelsolin used approximate the ~2–3 μM concentrations in plasma, and the molar excess of pGSN over PAF is probably greater in biological systems, where PAF has nanomolar affinity for its receptor. pGSN also inhibited PAF-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production (measured by chemiluminescence) of human neutrophils (PMN) in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition was up to 80% at a concentration of 10 μM (tenfold molar excess over PAF). A phospholipid-binding peptide derived from pGSN (QRLFQVKGRR) also inhibited PAF-mediated O2- generation by PMN. The inhibition was 65% at a 1:1 molar ratio (1 μM). In conclusion pGSN interferes with PAF-induced cellular activation in vitro, suggesting a mechanism for the protective role of plasma gelsolin that has been observed in vivo.
Sequential glucosylation of a furofuran lignan, (+)‐sesaminol, by Sesamum indicum UGT71A9 and UGT94D1 glucosyltransferases (2008)

(+)-Sesaminol 2-O-triglucoside is the most abundant water-soluble furofuran lignan in sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum) and is considered to be a beneficial compound for human health. The biosyntheses and physiological roles of lignan glycosides, however, remain elusive. Here we report the molecular identification and biochemical characterization of two Sesamum uridine diphosphate (UDP) glucose:lignan glucosyltransferases. Sesamum indicum UGT71A9 preferentially glucosylated at the 2-hydroxyl group of (+)-sesaminol, resulting in (+)-sesaminol 2-O-glucoside. Similarly, two UGT71A9 homologs from Sesamum radiatum (UGT71A10) and Sesamum alatum (UGT71A8) also showed (+)-sesaminol glucosylating activity, evidencing the functional conservation of (+)-sesaminol 2-O-glucosyltransferases in the Sesamum genus. In addition, S. indicum UGT94D1 specifically glucosylated at the 6'-hydroxyl group of the sugar moiety of (+)-sesaminol 2-O-glucoside but not at that of flavonoid glucosides. The gene expression patterns of UGT71A9 and UGT94D1 during seed development were correlated with the glucosylating activities toward (+)-sesaminol in planta, suggesting that the two lignan UDP-glycosyltransferases participate in the sequential glucosylation steps in the biosynthesis of (+)-sesaminol 2-O-triglucoside.
Role of the Intestinal Epithelium in Orchestrating Innate and Adaptive Mucosal Immunity (2002)

The mucosa that lines the human colon and small intestine is a site of chronic regulated "physiologic" inflammation. This contrasts markedly with other mucosal sites in that if the numbers of T and B cells, eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells that are present in the human intestinal tract were to be present in other sites, those sites would be considered to be sites of chronic pathological inflammation. This review examines the role of the intestinal epithelium in the development of "physiologic" intestinal mucosal inflammation and focuses on its role in signalling and mediating host innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses.
Modifying Adenoviral Vectors for Use as Gene-Based Cancer Vaccines (2004)

The past decade has produced significant advances in our understanding of antigen-presenting cells, tumor antigens, and other components of the immune response to cancer. Gene-based vaccination is emerging as one of the more promising approaches for loading dendritic cells (DC) with tumor-associated antigens. In this respect, it is proposed that adenoviral (AdV) vectors can deliver high antigen concentrations, promote effective processing and MHC expression, and stimulate potent cell-mediated immunity. While AdV vectors have performed well in pre-clinical vaccine models, their application to patient care has limitations. The in vivo administration of AdV vectors is associated with both innate and adaptive host responses that result in tissue inflammation and injury, viral neutralization, and premature clearance of AdV-transduced cells. A variety of strategies have been developed to address these limitations. The ideal vaccine would avoid vector-related immune responses, have relative specificity for transducing DC, and induce high levels of transgene expression. This review describes the range of host responses to AdV vaccines, identifies strategies to reduce viral recognition and enhance transgene antigen expression, and suggests future approaches to vector development and administration. There is every reason to believe that safer and more effective forms of AdV-based vaccines can be developed and applied to patient therapy.
Un perfil de la educación en Yucatán durante el siglo XX (2011)

Trabajo de tipo descriptivo y analitico sobre el proceso evolutivo de la educacion durante el presente siglo. A traves de su lectura da cuenta de las grandes experiencias educativas desde la primera decada del siglo, prosiguiendo con el experimento racionalista, el establecimiento de la educacion popular desde 1921, hasta las etapas siguientes de un desarrollo notable en la educacion yucateca en la presente centuria que esta a punto de concluir.
Improved strategy for large-scale DNA sequencing using DNaseI cleavage for generating random subclones. (1995)

Large-scale DNA sequencing projects require the use of specific and reliable strategies. Here, we describe an improved strategy using DNaseI cleavage and sequencing strategy using DNaseI cleavage and sequencing from both ends of the plasmid inserts. This strategy yields better results than those obtained using partial digestion with restriction enzymes and cloning in single-stranded vectors.
Ragaglitazar: a novel PPARα & PPARγ agonist with potent lipid‐lowering and insulin‐sensitizing efficacy in animal models (2003)

Ragaglitazar [(-) DRF 2725; NNC 61-0029] is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma. In ob/ob mice, ragaglitazar showed significant reduction in plasma glucose, triglyceride and insulin (ED50 values <0.03, 6.1 and <0.1 mg kg-1). These effects are three-fold better than rosiglitazone and KRP-297. In Zucker fa/fa rats, ragaglitazar showed dose-dependent reduction in triglyceride and insulin, hepatic triglyceride secretion and triglyceride clearance kinetics (maximum of 74, 53, 32 and 50% at 3 mg kg-1), which are better than rosiglitazone and KRP-297. In a high-fat-fed hyperlipidaemic rat model, the compound showed an ED50 of 3.95, 3.78 mg kg-1 for triglyceride and cholesterol lowering, and 0.29 mg kg-1 for HDL-C increase. It also showed improvement in clearance of plasma triglyceride and hepatic triglyceride secretion rate. All these effects are 3-10-fold better than fenofibrate and KRP-297. Ragaglitazar treatment showed significant reduction in plasma Apo B and Apo CIII levels, and increase in liver CPT1 and CAT activity and ACO mRNA. Significant increase of both liver and fat LPL activity and fat aP2 mRNA was also observed. In a high-fat-fed hamster model, ragaglitazar at 1 mg kg-1 showed 83 and 61% reduction in triglyceride and total cholesterol, and also 17% reduction in fat feed-induced body weight increase. In these hyperlipidaemic animal models, PPARgamma ligands failed to show any significant efficacy. Taken together, ragaglitazar shows better insulin-sensitizing and lipid-lowering potential, as compared to the standard compounds.
Analytical and numerical quantification and comparison of the local electric field in the tissue for different electrode configurations (2007)

Based on our analytical and numerical models of the local electric field distribution we show that the applied voltage, configuration of the electrodes and electrode position need to be chosen specifically for each individual case, and that numerical modeling can be used to optimize the appropriate electrode configuration and adequate voltage. Using numerical models we further calculate the needed voltage for a specific electrode configuration to achieve adequate E inside the target tissue while minimizing damages of the surrounding tissue. We present also analytical solutions, which provide a convenient, rapid, but approximate method for a pre-analysis of electric field distribution in treated tissue.
58.4: Invited Paper : Flexible Displays and Electronics Made in AM‐LCD Facilities by the EPLaR™ Process (2007)

Abstract Flexible displays have significant advantages for handheld devices by being thin, light, robust and capable of being fitted to curved shapes. We have developed the EPLaR process for making flexible displays in standard AM‐LCD factories. In this paper we discuss EPLaR electrophoretic displays driven by a‐Si TFTs that were made in a factory and report on progress in developing flexible polycrystalline silicon TFTs and OLEDs.
Active methods of drug loading into liposomes: recent strategies for stable drug entrapment and increasedin vivoactivity (2011)

At present, there is no single universal encapsulation method that offers stable encapsulation of most drugs; each drug requires a different approach to manage all of its properties. Now is the time to combine all these strategies to achieve the goal of a complex, but successful, anticancer therapy.
Connecting Information To Improve Health (2010)

Effective health information systems require timely access to all health data from all sources, including sites of direct care. In most parts of the world today, these data most likely come from many different and unconnected systems-but must be organized into a composite whole. We use the word interoperability to capture what is required to accomplish this goal. We discuss five priority areas for achieving interoperability in health care applications (patient identifier, semantic interoperability, data interchange standards, core data sets, and data quality), and we contrast differences in developing and developed countries. Important next steps for health policy makers are to define a vision, develop a strategy, identify leadership, assign responsibilities, and harness resources.
Molecular analysis of a phylogenetically conserved carrot gene: Developmental and environmental regulation (1990)

Extensive studies of gene expression programs in carrot somatic embryos identified a gene, designated Dc3, that serves as a reliable molecular marker for the acquisition of embryogenic potential by carrot cells in culture. The complete sequence of a carrot genomic region, DcG3, encoding a Dc3-like mRNA, was determined. The DcG3 transcription unit contains a single intron and encodes mRNA that is expressed at high levels in embryonic tissue but is undetectable in somatic tissue of carrot. The predicted protein sequence of DcG3 is 163 amino acids and includes two approximately 50 amino acid direct repeats which in turn include additional repetitive elements with an unusual distribution of charged amino acids. Dc3 and Dc3-like mRNAs are encoded by a small divergent gene family. Furthermore, similarities of the Dc3 gene family with genes from other plant species that are expressed in response to environmental and developmental cues suggest a possible role in seed desiccation and possibly in more general water-stress responses in plants. Analysis of transgenic tobacco containing a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene fused to a 1.7 kb 5' upstream element of DcG3 defined a promoter/enhancer complex that confers developmentally and environmentally regulated expression of GUS activity. Thus, DcG3 is phylogenetically conserved together with the trans-acting factors required for its regulated expression in transgenic tobacco.
Mesoporous 2‐Line Ferrihydrite by a Solution‐Phase Cooperative Assembly Process for Removal of Organic Contaminants in Air (2011)

Iron for cleaner air: 2-Line ferrihydrite, a versatile iron material, has been successfully explored for air purification by preparing it in a partially dehydroxylated form with accessible mesopores. The readily exposed tri- and tetracoordinated surface iron sites with numerous electrophilic oxygen species make this environmentally friendly material the most efficient iron candidate for complete elimination of organic contaminants in air. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Les vestiges d’un moulin sur bateaux découvert à Sermesse (Saône-et-Loire) (2015)

National audience
Gene therapy in transplantation: Toward clinical trials (2009)

The genetic modification of organs or cells is an attractive approach to protect allogeneic transplants from acute rejection and other complications. The transplant setting offers a unique opportunity to utilize ex vivo gene therapy for the modification of allogeneic organs and tissues prior to implantation. However, significant challenges exist in the application of this concept to human organ transplantation, including the large number of potential molecular targets, the diversity and safety profile of available vector delivery systems and the merging of gene-based therapies with existing immunosuppressive regimens. Accordingly, many different therapeutic concepts and vector systems have been investigated in preclinical studies with the aim of prolonging allograft survival. However, the translation of promising gene therapy strategies to transplant clinical trials has lagged behind the progress made in other medical fields. This review describes the recent preclinical applications of gene transfer to transplantation, and critically evaluates the degree to which gene therapy has been tested clinically in organ transplant recipients.
The Speech Mechanism (2003)

According to the 2001 census of India, English is spoken by more than 35 million Indians. This means that India is the fourth largest English speaking country in the world. Since there are fifty five countries which use English as an official language, this makes India of major importance in the English speaking world. Each country where English is used has its own 'accent'-that is its own characteristic method of pronunciation. In each country, however, there is a 'received' or 'approved' accent which is normally used for business, administration, in the legislature, On the Radio or T.V or for academic work. These accents are called 'received' because they are most widely understood by people, even by people who speak their own accents. They are called 'approved' because they spoken as 'correct' or 'good' accents. The whole purpose of learning English is to be able to communicate with other people easily.
Utilization-Controlled Task Consolidation for Power Optimization in Multi-core Real-Time Systems (2011)

Since multi-core processors have become a primary trend in processor development, new scheduling algorithms are needed to minimize power consumption while achieving the desired timeliness guarantees for multi-core (and many-core) real-time embedded systems. Although various power/energy-efficient scheduling algorithms have recently been proposed, existing studies may have degraded run-time performance in terms of power/energy efficiency and real-time guarantees when applied to real-time embedded systems with uncertain execution times. In this paper, we propose a novel online solution that integrates core-level feedback control with processor-level optimization to minimize both the dynamic and leakage power consumption of a multi-core real-time embedded system. Our solution monitors the utilization of each CPU core in the system and dynamically responds to unpredictable execution time variations by conducting per-core voltage and frequency scaling. We then perform task consolidation on a longer timescale and shut down unused cores for maximized power savings. Both empirical results on a hardware multi-core test bed with well-known benchmarks and simulation results in many-core systems show that our solution provides the desired real-time guarantees while achieving more power savings than three state-of-the-art algorithms.
The Three-dimensional Structure of Human Splenic White Pulp Compartments (2003)

The precise arrangement of B- and T-lymphocytes in the different compartments of the human splenic white pulp is still largely unknown. We therefore performed a 3D reconstruction of 150 serial sections of a representative adult human spleen alternately stained for CD3 and CD20. The results indicate that the T-cell regions of human spleens may be interrupted by B-cell follicles. Therefore, there is no continuous periarteriolar lymphatic T-cell sheath (PALS) around white pulp arterioles. An arteriole may be surrounded by T-lymphocytes at one level, then run across a follicle without any T-cells around, and finally re-enter a T-cell region. T- and B-cell compartments are intricately interdigitated in the human splenic white pulp. CD4(+) T-lymphocytes and the typical fibroblasts of the T-cell region may extend as a thin shell at the follicular surface within the marginal zone. On the other hand, IgD(++) B-cells continue from the follicular outer marginal zone along the surface of the T-cell region. Our findings indicate that the microanatomy of the splenic white pulp differs between humans and rodents. This may have consequences for the immigration of recirculating lymphocytes and for initial interactions among antigen-specific T- and B-lymphocytes.
Requirement of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase 3 (MKK3) for Activation of p38α and p38δ MAPK Isoforms by TGF-β1 in Murine Mesangial Cells (2002)

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a potent inducer of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis that leads to renal fibrosis. Intracellular signaling mechanisms involved in this process remain incompletely understood. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a major stress signal-transducing pathway, and we have previously reported activation of p38 MAPK by TGF-beta1 in rat mesangial cells and its role in the stimulation of pro-alpha1(I) collagen. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism of p38 MAPK activation by TGF-beta1 and the role of MKK3, an upstream MAPK kinase of p38 MAPK, by examining the effect of targeted disruption of the Mkk3 gene. We first isolated glomerular mesangial cells from MKK3-null (Mkk3-/-) and wild-type (Mkk3+/+) control mice. Treatment with TGF-beta1 induced rapid phosphorylation of MKK3 as well as p38 MAPK within 15 min in cultured wild-type (Mkk3+/+) mouse mesangial cells. In contrast, TGF-beta1 failed to induce phosphorylation of either MKK3 or p38 MAPK in MKK3-deficient (Mkk3-/-) mouse mesangial cells, indicating that MKK3 is required for TGF-beta1-induced p38 MAPK activation. TGF-beta1 selectively activated the p38 MAPK isoforms p38alpha and p38delta in wild-type (Mkk3+/+) mesangial cells, but not in MKK3-deficient (Mkk3-/-) mesangial cells. Thus, activation of p38alpha and p38delta is dependent on the activation of upstream MKK3 by TGF-beta1. Furthermore, MKK3 deficiency resulted in a selective disruption of TGF-beta1-stimulated up-regulation of pro-alpha1(I) collagen expression but not TGF-beta1 induction of fibronectin and PAI-1. These data demonstrate that the MKK3 is a critical component of the TGF-beta1 signaling pathway, and its activation is required for subsequent p38alpha and p38delta MAPK activation and collagen stimulation by TGF-beta1.