gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toll-like receptor 4 imparts ligand-specific recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (2000)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main inducer of shock and death in Gram-negative sepsis. Recent evidence suggests that LPS-induced signal transduction begins with CD14-mediated activation of 1 or more Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The lipid A analogues lipid IVa and Rhodobacter sphaeroides lipid A (RSLA) exhibit an uncommon species-specific pharmacology. Both compounds inhibit the effects of LPS in human cells but display LPS-mimetic activity in hamster cells. We transfected human TLR4 or human TLR2 into hamster fibroblasts to determine if either of these LPS signal transducers is responsible for the species-specific pharmacology. RSLA and lipid IVa strongly induced NF-kappaB activity and IL-6 release in Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts expressing CD14 (CHO/CD14), but these compounds antagonized LPS antagonists in CHO/CD14 fibroblasts that overexpressed human TLR4. No such antagonism occurred in cells overexpressing human TLR2. We cloned TLR4 from hamster macrophages and found that human THP-1 cells expressing the hamster TLR4 responded to lipid IVa as an LPS mimetic, as if they were hamster in origin. Hence, cells heterologously overexpressing TLR4 from different species acquired a pharmacological phenotype with respect to recognition of lipid A substructures that corresponded to the species from which the TLR4 transgene originated. These data suggest that TLR4 is the central lipid A-recognition protein in the LPS receptor complex.
E2FBP1/DRIL1, an AT-rich interaction domain-family transcription factor, is regulated by p53. (2003)

E2FBP1/DRIL1 is an AT-rich interaction domain DNA-binding protein and is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues. It has been shown that Bright, the mouse orthologue of E2FBP1/DRIL1, exhibits sequence-specific DNA binding and regulates immunoglobulin transcription. Here we show a novel connection between E2FBP1/DRIL1 and the p53 tumor suppressor, a key regulator of growth arrest or apoptosis in response to cellular stress. We found a putative p53-binding site, which specifically responded to p53, in the second intron of the E2FBP1/DRIL1 gene. E2FBP1/DRIL1was induced by p53 and up-regulated following DNA damage caused by UV radiation or doxorubicin treatment in a manner dependent on endogenous p53. The ectopic expression of E2FBP1/DRIL1 induced growth arrest in U2OS cells expressing normal p53, but not Saos-2 cells lacking p53. These results suggest that E2FBP1/DRIL1 may play a role in growth suppression mediated by p53.
Deriving Neural Architectures from Sequence and Graph Kernels (2017)

The design of neural architectures for structured objects is typically guided by experimental insights rather than a formal process. In this work, we appeal to kernels over combinatorial structures, such as sequences and graphs, to derive appropriate neural operations. We introduce a class of deep recurrent neural operations and formally characterize their associated kernel spaces. Our recurrent modules compare the input to virtual reference objects (cf. filters in CNN) via the kernels. Similar to traditional neural operations, these reference objects are parameterized and directly optimized in end-to-end training. We empirically evaluate the proposed class of neural architectures on standard applications such as language modeling and molecular graph regression, achieving state-of-the-art results across these applications.
A secreted form of the human lymphocyte cell surface molecule CD8 arises from alternative splicing. (1989)

The human lymphocyte differentiation antigen CD8 is encoded by a single gene that gives rise to a 33- to 34-kDa glycoprotein expressed on the cell surface as a dimer and in higher molecular mass forms. We demonstrate that the mRNA is alternatively spliced so that an exon encoding a transmembrane domain is deleted. This gives rise to a 30-kDa molecule that is secreted and exists primarily as a monomer. mRNA corresponding to both forms is present in peripheral blood lymphocytes, Con A-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes, and three CD8+ T-cell lines, with the membrane form being the major species. However, differences in the ratio of mRNA for membrane CD8 and secreted CD8 exist. In addition, the splicing pattern we observe differs from the pattern found for the mouse CD8 gene. This mRNA is also alternatively spliced, but an exon encoding a cytoplasmic region is deleted, giving rise to a cell surface molecule that differs in its cytoplasmic tail from the protein encoded by the longer mRNA. Neither protein is secreted. This is one of the first examples of a different splicing pattern between two homologous mouse and human genes giving rise to very different proteins. This represents one mechanism of generating diversity during speciation.
Altered hepatic vasopressin and alpha 1-adrenergic receptors after chronic endotoxin infusion (1987)

Sepsis and septic shock are complicated by a number of hemodynamic and metabolic aberrations. These include catecholamine refractoriness and altered glucose metabolism. Recently, a nonshock rat model of continuous endotoxin infusion via an implanted osmotic pump was developed that reproduces some of the metabolic and cardiovascular findings of human sepsis. By using this model, we have found a decreased number of hepatic plasma membrane alpha 1-adrenergic and [Arg8]vasopressin receptors in rats continuously infused with endotoxin. There was a significant decrease in [3H]prazosin (35 +/- 7%) and [3H] [Arg8]vasopressin (43 +/- 8%) receptors after 30 h of continuous endotoxin infusion with no change in affinity. The ability of norepinephrine to form the high-affinity complex with alpha 1-adrenergic receptors was not altered after chronic endotoxin infusion. The results are consistent with the concept that alterations in receptor number might underlie certain of the metabolic consequences of chronic sepsis.
Modifications of Ganglioside Patterns in Human Meningiomas (1983)

Ganglioside content and distribution were determined in control meninges and in 30 human meningiomas belonging to four different histological types. Irrespective of the histological classification all meningiomas showed a ganglioside content significantly higher than that of control meninges. The analysis of ganglioside distribution in each meningioma showed that in the majority of the cases the increase of ganglioside content was primarily the result of selective accumulation of ganglioside GM3; in the remaining cases ganglioside GM1 was present in a significantly higher amount than in the control dura mater and leptomeninges. A common feature of both types of meningiomas is a simplification of ganglioside pattern, with a shift from the polysialylated to the monosialylated forms. A tentative classification of meningiomas into "GM3-rich" and "GM1-rich" types, together with an explanation for the selective accumulation of these two types of ganglioside, is proposed.
A Convenient Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylated and Fluorinated-Aryl Nitrogen Bases by Electrochemically Induced SRN1 Substitution (1996)

Indirect electrochemical reduction, by means of an aromatic anion mediator, of perfluoroalkyl halides (CF3Br, n-C4F9I, n-C6F13I, I(CF2)4I) in the presence of imidazole, 4(5)-nitroimidazole, 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, 2-(4‘-methoxyphenyl)imidazole, imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde, 4(5)-nitroimidazole-2-carboxaldehyde, 5(6)-nitrobenzimidazole, purines (adenine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, theophylline, lumazine) and pyrimidine anions (uracil, cytosine, barbituric acid) yields the corresponding C-perfluoroalkylated nitrogen bases by an SRN1 mechanism. Aromatic nucleophilic substitution of some fluorinated aryl halides 1-iodo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene and 1-(4‘-iodo-tetrafluorophenyl)imidazole was also investigated and it was found that 1-iodo-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene could react successfully under redox-catalyzed conditions with imidazole, 2-(4‘-methoxyphenyl)imidazole anion, and uracil anion to give the corresponding 5-(fluorinated-aryl) nitrogen bases. In the case of 1-(4‘-iodo-tetrafluorophenyl)imidazole, direct electrochemical radical nucleophilic substitution with 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole and uracil was possible in DMSO. In this way new, 4-[2‘,3‘,5‘,6‘-tetrafluoro-4‘-(imidazol-1‘‘-yl)phenyl] nitrogen bases were obtained in good yields.
Improving Production of Malonyl Coenzyme A-Derived Metabolites by Abolishing Snf1-Dependent Regulation of Acc1 (2014)

ABSTRACT Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) carboxylase (ACCase) plays a central role in carbon metabolism and has been the site of action for the development of therapeutics or herbicides, as its product, malonyl-CoA, is a precursor for production of fatty acids and other compounds. Control of Acc1 activity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs mainly at two levels, i.e., regulation of transcription and repression by Snf1 protein kinase at the protein level. Here, we demonstrate a strategy for improving the activity of ACCase in S. cerevisiae by abolishing posttranslational regulation of Acc1 via site-directed mutagenesis. It was found that introduction of two site mutations in Acc1, Ser659 and Ser1157, resulted in an enhanced activity of Acc1 and increased total fatty acid content. As Snf1 regulation of Acc1 is particularly active under glucose-limited conditions, we evaluated the effect of the two site mutations in chemostat cultures. Finally, we showed that our modifications of Acc1 could enhance the supply of malonyl-CoA and therefore successfully increase the production of two industrially important products derived from malonyl-CoA, fatty acid ethyl esters and 3-hydroxypropionic acid. IMPORTANCE ACCase is responsible for carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA, which is a crucial step in the control of fatty acid metabolism. ACCase opened the door for pharmaceutical treatments of obesity and diabetes as well as the development of new herbicides. ACCase is also recognized as a promising target for developing cell factories, as its malonyl-CoA product serves as a universal precursor for a variety of high-value compounds in white biotechnology. Yeast ACCase is a good model in understanding the enzyme's catalysis, regulation, and inhibition. The present study describes the importance of protein phosphorylation in regulation of yeast ACCase and identifies potential regulation sites. This study led to the generation of a more efficient ACCase, which was applied in the production of two high-value compounds derived from malonyl-CoA, i.e., fatty acid ethyl esters that can be used as biodiesel and 3-hydroxypropionic acid that is considered an important platform chemical.
Solid state electronic devices (1972)

For undergraduate electrical engineering students or for practicing engineers and scientists interested in updating their understanding of modern electronics One of the most widely used introductory books on semiconductor materials, physics, devices and technology, Solid State Electronic Devices aims to: 1) develop basic semiconductor physics concepts, so students can better understand current and future devices; and 2) provide a sound understanding of current semiconductor devices and technology, so that their applications to electronic and optoelectronic circuits and systems can be appreciated. Students are brought to a level of understanding that will enable them to read much of the current literature on new devices and applications. Teaching and Learning Experience This program will provide a better teaching and learning experience-for you and your students. It will help: *Provide a Sound Understanding of Current Semiconductor Devices: With this background, students will be able to see how their applications to electronic and optoelectronic circuits and systems are meaningful. *Incorporate the Basics of Semiconductor Materials and Conduction Processes in Solids: Most of the commonly used semiconductor terms and concepts are introduced and related to a broad range of devices. *Develop Basic Semiconductor Physics Concepts: With this background, students will be better able to understand current and future devices.
A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Purine Nucleosides using Friedel-Crafts Catalysts (1968)

9-β-D-Ribofuranosyladenine was synthesized by condensation of N6-octanoyladenine (I) with 1-O-acetyl-2, 3, 5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranose (II) or 1, 2, 3, 5-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranose (III) in sym-dichloroethane or chlorobenzene in the presence of Friedel-Crafts catalysts followed by hydrolysis of the acyl groups. By this procedure the formation of the corresponding anomer was not observed Similarly, 9-β-D-ribopyranosyladenine was synthesized from I and 1, 2, 3, 4-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-ribopyranose, and 9-β-D-ribofuranosylguanine in high yield from N2-palmitoylguanine and III.
A Discrepancy Between the Nursing and Hospital Literatures (1990)

Helth Care Admionmistration Program, College of Business Administration, The University of Toledo, Ohio.
Linearization Techniques for CMOS Low Noise Amplifiers: A Tutorial (2010)

This tutorial catalogues and analyzes previously reported CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) linearization techniques. These techniques comprise eight categories: a) feedback; b) harmonic termination; c) optimum biasing; d) feedforward; e) derivative superposition (DS); f) IM2 injection; g) noise/distortion cancellation; and h) post-distortion. This paper also addresses broadband-LNA-linearization issues for emerging reconfigurable multiband/multistandard and wideband transceivers. Furthermore, we highlight the impact of CMOS technology scaling on linearity and outline how to design a linear LNA in a deep submicrometer process. Finally, general design guidelines for high-linearity LNAs are provided.
Antibacterial peptides from pig intestine: isolation of a mammalian cecropin. (1989)

Pig small intestine was used as starting material for a batchwise isolation of a peptide fraction enriched in antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (anti-Ec factor) and against Bacillus megaterium (anti-Bm factor). Separation and further purification were by different types of chromatography. Sequence analysis showed the anti-Bm factor to be apparently similar to vasoactive intestinal peptide. The anti-Ec factor was found to have a 31-residue sequence that was cecropin-like. It was named cecropin P1 and its structure was confirmed by solid-phase synthesis. Synthetic cecropin P1 with and without C-terminal amide was assayed on eight different bacteria. Mobility comparison between synthetic and natural cecropin P1 indicates that the natural peptide has a free C-terminal carboxyl group.
Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells Induce Functional CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + CD127 − Regulatory T Cells Under Low Oxygen Culture Conditions (2014)

Human adipose tissue stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are known to induce proliferation of resting T cells under ambient (21%) O2 conditions; however, ASCs exist physiologically under lower oxygen (5% O2) conditions in adipose tissue. The effects of low oxygen levels on ASC immunomodulation of T cells are unknown. In this study, we show that ASCs stimulated proliferation of naive CD4(+) T cells and the percentage of CD25(+) T cells was significantly increased under both low and ambient O2. Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) mRNA expression were significantly increased when ASCs were cocultured with CD4(+) T cells under low compared with ambient O2 conditions. The low O2-induced regulatory T cells (iTregs) exhibited functionality when added to mixed lymphocyte reactions as demonstrated by inhibition of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation, and by >300-fold increase in FoxP3 mRNA, and >2-fold increase in TGF-β mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that under physiologically relevant low O2 conditions, direct contact of human ASCs with naive CD4(+) T cells induced functional iTregs.
Weak microcavity effects in organic light-emitting devices (1998)

We present an integrated classical and quantum-mechanical theory of weak microcavity effects in layered media that treats both radiative and waveguided modes. The electromagnetic field of radiative modes is determined using classical field quantization, with the transition probability into each mode given by Fermi's ``golden rule.'' We apply this theory to model the dependence of the electroluminescence spectral intensity and polarization of organic light-emitting devices (OLED's) on emission angle, organic layer thickness, and applied voltage. Light propagation in the OLED layers and the substrate is described by both ray and wave optics. Theoretical predictions are compared to experimental observations on single heterostructure, and multiple layer stacked red-green-blue OLEDs. Analysis of the polarization, spectral shape, and intensity of the electroluminescence spectrum in the forward-scattered half plane accurately fits the experimental data. The theory predicts, and the experimental measurements confirm, that the in-plane emission from conventional OLED structures is strongly TM polarized, and can be redshifted by as much as 60 nm with respect to the peak emission in the normal direction. Measurements coupled to our analysis also indicate that the efficiency of generating singlet excitons in aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) $({\mathrm{Alq}}_{3})$-based OLED's is $5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1%,$ with a \ensuremath{\sim}500-\AA{}-thick ${\mathrm{Alq}}_{3}$ layer corresponding to the highest external power efficiency.
Ablation of the Inflammatory Enzyme Myeloperoxidase Mitigates Features of Parkinson's Disease in Mice (2005)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a loss of ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons, which can be modeled by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Inflammatory oxidants have emerged as key contributors to PD- and MPTP-related neurodegeneration. Here, we show that myeloperoxidase (MPO), a key oxidant-producing enzyme during inflammation, is upregulated in the ventral midbrain of human PD and MPTP mice. We also show that ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons of mutant mice deficient in MPO are more resistant to MPTP-induced cytotoxicity than their wild-type littermates. Supporting the oxidative damaging role of MPO in this PD model are the demonstrations that MPO-specific biomarkers 3-chlorotyrosine and hypochlorous acid-modified proteins increase in the brains of MPTP-injected mice. This study demonstrates that MPO participates in the MPTP neurotoxic process and suggests that inhibitors of MPO may provide a protective benefit in PD.
[Study of adiponectin, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in first episode drug naїve schizophrenia]. (2013)

The serum levels of APN, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α increase in first episode drug naїve schizophrenics. It suggests that an inflammatory response mediated by adipocytokines. APN may play a pro-inflammatory role in schizophrenia.
The potential tumor suppressor p73 differentially regulates cellular p53 target genes. (1998)

p73, a potential tumor suppressor, is a p53 homologue. Transient over expression of p73 in cells can induce apoptosis and p21, a cellular p53 target gene primarily responsible for p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. To further characterize the role of p73 in tumor suppression, we established several groups of cell lines that inducibly express p73 under a tetracycline-regulated promoter. By using these cell lines, we found that p73 can induce both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We also found that p73 can activate some but not all of the previously identified p53 cellular target genes. Furthermore, we found that the transcriptional activities of p53, p73 alpha, and p73 beta to induce their common cellular target genes differ among one another. These results suggest that p73 is both similar to and different from p53 in their signaling pathways leading to tumor suppression.
Exosomal microRNA-141 is upregulated in the serum of prostate cancer patients (2015)

Serum exosomes may serve as a more suitable material compared with the whole serum for measuring circulating miR-141 levels in patients with PCa. Exosomal miR-141 is upregulated in the serum from patients with PCa compared with patients with BPH or the healthy volunteers, and it may be a useful potential biomarker for the diagnosis of metastatic PCa.
A Very Short Route to Enantiomerically Pure Coumarin‐Bearing Fluorescent Amino Acids (2004)

No bulkier than a tryptophan or a tyrosine residue are the fluorescent coumaryl amino acids described. These building blocks can be synthesized rapidly with high enantiomeric purity and introduced readily into a peptidic sequence. Their fluorescence properties allow, for example, the investigation of the cellular localization of labeled peptides through confocal fluorescence microscopy (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z54116_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Neuropsychologists diagnose traumatic brain injury (2004)

The case of John versus Im (2002) stands for the proposition that clinical neuropsychologists are not qualified to diagnose traumatic brain injury. This ruling by the Supreme Court of Virginia prohibits neuropsychologists from testifying about these professional conclusions in the courtroom. However, in clinical practice neuropsychologists are often asked to disentangle the relative contribution of brain dysfunction and psychological factors to presenting symptomology. In the proposed submission, the authors provide an analysis of the neuropsychological testimony at issue in John versus Im using the admissibility standards for expert testimony that were established and refined by a trilogy of cases from the Supreme Court of the United States. The paper provides support for the notion that neuropsychological method has an established scientific base of knowledge, standards for clinical competence, and evidence of peer-reviewed acceptance by medical related disciplines. No other scientific discipline has employed a more rigorous methodology for assessing cognitive function and disentangling the relative contributions of brain dysfunction and psychological factors to presenting symptomology. By limiting the testimony of neuropsychologists as to cause of an individual's cognitive impairment, courts will exclude opinions based on scientific research and specialized knowledge that would assist in the trier of fact.
Towards management of machine to machine networks (2011)

Machine to Machine (M2M) technology has the potential to increase the revenue, decrease the costs and improve the customer services of an organization. We have analyzed the management requirements of M2M systems, which are based on existing M2M network use cases and services. The most important characteristics including sleeping devices, low power lossy area networks, heterogeneous networks, device intelligence, mobility, two way communication, network dynamics, time sensitivity of data and data volume of M2M systems have been comprehensively investigated and reflected in management requirements discussed in this paper. The main management functionalities are fault, configuration, mobility, QoS and security management.