gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Augmenting and Limiting Search Queries. (2002)

Introduction Web queries tend to be significantly shorter and less complex than queries used in earlier types of information systems (Jansen &amp;amp; Pooch, 2000; Lawrence &amp;amp; Giles, 1999; Spink et al, 2001). Yet, there is general belief that enriched queries and query reformulation will lead to improved results (Belkin et al, 2001). In our research we are examining the sorts of tools that could assist with the creation of enriched queries and in turn improve the search process and the user&amp;apos;s search experience. In the work reported here we assessed the use of two types of tools: one to assist the user in targeting and, thus, restricting the query, and a second one to assist in augmenting the query. We speculated that certain types of tools are more useful for certain types of information tasks. In particular we targeted the standard informational request in which a suitable response could be culled from many different Web pages, and secondly, the &amp;apos;know-item&amp;apos; task, in which a specific Website
Vascular Permeability in Diabetic Retinopathy (2008)

A hallmark of diabetic retinopathy is increased vascular permeability. The vasculature of the retina, which normally has tight control of the fluid and blood components that enter the retina, becomes leaky in diabetes leading to increased albumin flux into the retina, fluid accumulation, and macular edema, and over time may progress to hemorrhaging vessels. This chapter investigates our knowledge regarding the formation of the blood—brain and blood—retinal barrier. The molecular composition of the junctional complex that forms the basis of the blood—retinal barrier will be briefly reviewed and the changes that occur to the junctional complex in diabetes will be examined. Changes in permeability and the contribution of inflammatory cytokines in addition to vascular endothelial growth factor will be presented and potential therapies will be considered. It is the goal of this chapter that the reader will have a fundamental understanding of the development and structure of the blood—retinal barrier and know-ledge of our current understanding of the alterations to the junctional complex that contribute to vessel permeability in diabetic retinopathy.
Colonic motor responses in the pony: Relevance of colonic stimulation by opiate antagonists (1985)

The electrical and mechanical activity of the digestive tract and its response to the administration of opiate agonists and antagonists was assessed from electrodes and strain gauges chronically implanted on the jejunum and the cecocolonic segments in 3 ponies given a diet of hay and concentrates. Before the drugs were given, 10 to 17 migrating myoelectric complexes/day were recorded on the small intestine, and a rhythmic motor activity (base line) was observed on the proximal portion of the colon at the rate of 3.5 to 6.6/hour. Propagated contractions from the proximal to the distal portion of the colon occurred at the rate of 1.5 to 2.3/hour. Each pony was used as its own control and was given morphine (0.5 or 1 mg/kg of body weight, IV) or fentanyl (0.01 or 0.05 mg, IV) at weekly intervals. After an early phase of inhibition of the overall activity that lasted from 0.5 to 3 hours, depending on the dose, the resting muscle tone of the colonic activity was increased for a dose-dependent period. Propagated contractions only reappeared at the end of this 2nd phase. The opiate antagonist naloxone (0.5 mg/kg, IV) elicited a marked propulsive activity on the left replicated colonic segment, characterized by an increase in the number of propagated contractions. The N-methyl-quaternary analog of naloxone (methylnaloxone, which presumably entails selective action at opiate receptors outside the CNS) was also effective, indicating peripheral effects at the dosage level used (0.5 mg/kg, IV). Seemingly, an inhibitory opioid system exists in the control of colonic motor function in ponies and the possible usefulness of opiate antagonists to relieve hypomotility resulting in colonic impaction and constipation.
In Vitro Assembly of Tau Protein:  Mapping the Regions Involved in Filament Formation (2001)

Unraveling the mechanism of self-assembly of the protein tau into paired helical filaments (PHFs) is a crucial step toward the understanding of Alzheimer's and other neuropathological diseases at the molecular level. In an effort to map the role of different regions of tau in the mechanism of self-assembly, we have studied the polymerization ability of different tau fragments using an in vitro assay. Our results indicate that the N-terminal domain interferes with tau's ability to polymerize in vitro. The effect seems to be size dependent. Particularly, an isoform of tau from the peripheral nervous system, which has a much larger N-terminal domain, was found unable to form filaments in our in vitro assay. This finding can explain why in Alzheimer's patients PHFs only accumulate in the neurons from the central nervous system. We also report that a short segment of tau located in the third microtubule binding repeat (residues 317 to 335, peptide 1/2R) is probably the minimal segment of that region able to grow into filaments in vitro and in the presence of heparin. In contrast with whole peptide 1/2R, peptides corresponding to either the N-terminal or C-terminal halves of this segment were unable to form filaments. Finally, our polymerization studies of peptides from the C-terminal domain reveal a short sequence spanning residues 391 to 407 that grows into filaments in vitro. This tau segment forms filaments regardless of whether is incubated with heparin. Moreover, such filaments differ in diameter and morphology, suggesting a different mechanism of self-assembly.
A control system based on industrial components for measuring and testing the prototype magnets for LHC (1994)

A test bench has been built at CERN to test and measure the prototype superconducting magnets of the future LHC. The control of this test bench is made by means of industrial components. The process control uses standards PLCs conncc &amp;amp; by an ethernet plant network. A supervisory software system carries out the man-process interface, the data collection and the remote access. Most of the process control software was included with the equipment whilst its integration and the supervision has been made at CERN.
Trabectedin for Women With Ovarian Carcinoma After Treatment With Platinum and Taxanes Fails (2005)

Trabectedin administered as a 3-hour infusion at 1,300 microg/m(2) is a safe new drug with promising activity in relapsed ovarian cancer, showing a 43% objective response rate in patients with platinum-sensitive disease, which favorably compares with other salvage treatments and warrants additional development either alone or in combination.
High-Resolution Image Synthesis and Semantic Manipulation with Conditional GANs (2018)

We present a new method for synthesizing high-resolution photo-realistic images from semantic label maps using conditional generative adversarial networks (conditional GANs). Conditional GANs have enabled a variety of applications, but the results are often limited to low-resolution and still far from realistic. In this work, we generate 2048 × 1024 visually appealing results with a novel adversarial loss, as well as new multi-scale generator and discriminator architectures. Furthermore, we extend our framework to interactive visual manipulation with two additional features. First, we incorporate object instance segmentation information, which enables object manipulations such as removing/adding objects and changing the object category. Second, we propose a method to generate diverse results given the same input, allowing users to edit the object appearance interactively. Human opinion studies demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms existing methods, advancing both the quality and the resolution of deep image synthesis and editing.
Chlamydia trachomatis antigens: role in immunity and pathogenesis. (1994)

As an intracellular bacteria, Chlamydia trachomatis is an extraordinarily successful pathogen. Chlamydial infections are among the most common of all human infections. Chlamydial disease is less common than infection and is attributed to immune responses to specific antigens of the organism. A major variant surface protein, major outer membrane protein (MOMP), is the principal target of neutralizing antibodies and may be the target of protective immunity. The detailed genetic and immunochemical knowledge of MOMP has stimulated multiple attempts to design an oligopeptide vaccine. Success has been limited in part because of the antigenic variation that the protein exhibits and in part because of the absence of knowledge regarding the three-dimensional structure of the protein. Individuals with severe forms of chlamydial disease often display immune responses to a common chlamydial heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) antigen. Because the protein shares nearly 50% sequence identity with the human homolog, it is speculated that molecular mimacy may result in autoimmune inflammatory damage that in turn causes chlamydial disease sequelae. Because hsp60 immune responses are genetically determined, susceptibility genes for chlamydial disease may also exist. A detailed understanding of the immunobiology of C. trachomatis infection may result from molecular study of chlamydial antigens and the precise nature of immune responses they elicit. Nevertheless, even with the rapid progress that has been made in uncovering the major chlamydial antigens, more remains hidden than revealed. As demonstrated by their successful ecology, chlamydiae remain several stops ahead of even their most ardent pursuers.
Synthesis of Oligosaccharide-Polylysine Conjugates:  A Well Characterized Sialyl Lewisa Polymer for ELISA (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis of Oligosaccharide-Polylysine Conjugates: A Well Characterized Sialyl Lewisa Polymer for ELISAGebhard Thoma, John L. Magnani, Reinhold Öhrlein, Beat Ernst, Franz Schwarzenbach, and Rudolf O. DuthalerView Author Information Novartis Pharma Inc., CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Glycotech Corporation, 14915 Broschart Road Rockville, Maryland 10850 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 31, 7414–7415Publication Date (Web):August 6, 1997Publication History Received3 March 1997Published online6 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja970657thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja970657trapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views463Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Functionalization,Organic compounds,Polymers,Thiols Get e-Alerts
Pregabalin in the management of partial epilepsy (2009)

Pregabalin is a new antiepileptic medication that works by binding to alpha 2 delta subunit of the voltage-dependent calcium channels present in presynaptic neurons. Its pharmacokinetic advantages include rapid and almost complete absorption, lack of protein binding, linear kinetics, absence of enzyme induction, and absence of interactions with other drugs. Pregabalin was found effective as adjunctive therapy for refractory partial-onset seizures, with up to 51% responder at a dose of 600 mg/day. The lowest effective dose was 150 mg/day. Pregabalin is also approved for treatment of painful diabetic polyneuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia and pain with fibromyalgia. Studies also suggest a beneficial effect on sleep and generalized anxiety disorders. Its main adverse effects in randomized adjunctive trials in adults have been mild to moderate. Most common side effects were dizziness, ataxia, somnolence and diplopia. Weight gain was not prominent in pivotal pregabalin trials, but was more problematic in long-term postmarketing analyses in epilepsy patients. Pregabalin, with its potent antiseizure effect, favorable pharmacokinetic profile, and effectiveness in common co-morbidities is an important addition to the treatment of epilepsy.
Comparisons of the inden-1-yl, fluoren-9-yl, and cycloprop[2,3]inden-1-yl cations (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparisons of the inden-1-yl, fluoren-9-yl, and cycloprop[2,3]inden-1-yl cationsEdwin C. Friedrich and Douglas B. TaggartCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 5, 805–808Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00399a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00399a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bioinspired Surface Immobilization of Hyaluronic Acid on Monodisperse Magnetite Nanocrystals for Targeted Cancer Imaging (2008)

Hyaluronic-acid immobilized monodisperse magnetic nanocrystals (HA-DN/MNCs) are synthesized. Dopamine, the analogue of 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine responsible for the adhesion properties in proteins excreted by mussels, plays a key role in the surface modification of nanocrystals. HA-DN/MNCs exhibit great stability in aqueous solution, applicable for in vivo targeted-cancer imaging.
Elastic constants of niobium-zirconium, hafnium, and tungsten alloys (1978)

The adiabatic single-crystalline elastic constants of pure niobium, Nb-Zr, Nb-Hf, and Nb-W alloys were determined in the temperature range 77–298 °K. An unusual temperature dependence was noted in the Nb-rich alloys which may be related to the shape of the Fermi surface. Zr and Hf alloying additions decrease the value of C′, which indicates decreasing bcc lattice stability. The values of the elastic anisotropy ratio C44/C′ follow the behavior predicted by Fisher, which indicates that the elastic shear moduli are closely related to the filling of the d band. The Debye temperatures ϑD were calculated, and W additions tend to increase ϑD, while Zr and Hf lower ϑD.
Scatterometry for 0.24- to 0.70-μm developed photoresist metrology (1995)

Scatterometry, the characterization of periodic structures via diffracted light analysis, is shown to be a viable and versatile metrology for critical dimensions as small as 0.24 micrometers . Scatterometry is rapid, nondestructive, inexpensive, and potentially useful for on- line control during several microlithographic processing steps. This paper discusses two recent studies in which scatterometry was applied to the measurement of developed photoresist patterns. First, scatterometric measurements of developed resist lines in the 0.38 micrometers to 0.70 micrometers range will be presented. Results from four sample wafers are shown to be consistent with SEM measurements. For one wafer, the average deviation of scatterometry linewidth measurements form top-down SEM measurements, over a broad exposure range, is 14.5 nm. Moreover, our scatterometer is shown to be highly linear with the SEM; linearity coefficients have typically been above 0.99. The goal of our second project has been to determine whether scatterometry measurements are affected by variations in the integrated circuit production process. A set of twenty-five wafers was fabricated with deliberate variations in the exposure dose and the underlying film thicknesses. We are presently investigating the effects of the film thicknesses on the measurements of critical dimensions (CDs) as small as 0.24 micrometers . Preliminary results indicate that CDs and multiple thin films can be simultaneously measured by applying multi-parameter prediction algorithms to the scattered light data. Results from four different prediction algorithms are given. Finally, the repeatability of the scatterometer is shown to be excellent: 0.5 nm for consecutive measurements and 0.8 nm for day-to-day measurements. The results of an extensive repeatability/precision experiment are presented.
FABRICATION AND MEASUREMENT OF AN IC-COMPATIBLE GHZ-RANGE PIEZOELECTRIC LONGITUDINAL BAR RESONATOR (2004)

We report on the fabrication and measurement of a piezoelectrically-actuated, longitudinal-mode acoustic MEMS resonator designed to operate in air with high Q and low impedance in the ~50 MHz -2 GHz frequency range. Since the longitudinal-mode frequency is set lithographically by the lateral bar dimensions, a wide range of resonator frequencies can be created on a single chip. Device processing is IC compatible, offering the potential for integration in transceiver applications.
Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (2001)

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are defined as the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that will inhibit the visible growth of a microorganism after overnight incubation, and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) as the lowest concentration of antimicrobial that will prevent the growth of an organism after subculture on to antibiotic-free media. MICs are used by diagnostic laboratories mainly to confirm resistance, but most often as a research tool to determine the in vitro activity of new antimicrobials, and data from such studies have been used to determine MIC breakpoints. MBC determinations are undertaken less frequently and their major use has been reserved for isolates from the blood of patients with endocarditis. Standardized methods for determining MICs and MBCs are described in this paper. Like all standardized procedures, the method must be adhered to and may not be adapted by the user. The method gives information on the storage of standard antibiotic powder, preparation of stock antibiotic solutions, media, preparation of inocula, incubation conditions, and reading and interpretation of results. Tables giving expected MIC ranges for control NCTC and ATCC strains are also supplied.
A chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan may influence the direction of retinal ganglion cell outgrowth (1991)

In the developing retina, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons elongate toward the optic fissure, even though no obvious directional restrictions exist. Previous studies indicate that axon-matrix interactions are important for retinal ganglion cell axon elongation, but the factors that direct elongation are unknown. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CS-PG), a component of the extracellular matrix, repels elongating dorsal root ganglion (DRG) axons in vitro and is present in vivo in the roof plate of the spinal cord, a structure that acts as a barrier to DRG axons during development. In this study, we examined whether CS-PG may regulate the pattern of retinal ganglion cell outgrowth in the developing retina. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that CS-PG was present in the innermost layers of the developing rat retina. The expression of CS-PG moved peripherally with retinal development, always remaining at the outer edge of the front of the developing axons. CS-PG was no longer detectable with immunocytochemical techniques when RGC axon elongation in the retina is complete. Results of studies in vitro showed that CS-PG, isolated from bovine nasal cartilage and chick limb, was inhibitory to elongating RGC axons and that RGC growth cones were more sensitive to CS-PG than were DRG neurites tested at the same concentrations of CS-PG. The behavior of retinal growth cones as they encounter CS-PG was characterized using time-lapse video microscopy. Filopodia of the RGC growth cones extended to and sampled the CS-PG repeatedly. With time, the growth cones turned to avoid outgrowth on the CS-PG and grew only on laminin. While numerous studies have shown the presence of positive factors within the retina that may guide developing RGC axons, this is the first demonstration of an inhibitory or repelling molecule in the retina that may regulate axon elongation. Taken together, these data suggest that the direction of RGC outgrowth in the retina may be regulated by the proper ratio of growth-promoting molecules, such as laminin, to growth-inhibiting molecules, like CS-PG, present in the correct pattern and concentrations along the retinal ganglion cell pathway.
Transformation of Oxygenate Components of Biomass Pyrolysis Oil on a HZSM-5 Zeolite. II. Aldehydes, Ketones, and Acids (2004)

The catalytic transformation over a HZSM-5 zeolite of key components of the liquid product obtained by the flash pyrolysis of biomass, namely, acetaldehyde, ketones (acetone and butanone), and acetic acid, has been studied, and great differences in reactivity and degradation to coke have been found. Acetaldehyde has a low reactivity to hydrocarbons, with a noticeable deactivation caused by coke deposition, which can be attributed to its capacity for oligomerization with the trimer trimethyltrioxane obtained as an intermediate product. The transformation of ketones [less reactive than the alcohols studied in part I of this work (see the preceding paper in this issue)] and of acetic acid (which gives rise to acetone as the primary product) mainly occurs through decarboxylation and, to a lesser degree, dehydration. Above 400 °C, this transformation gives olefins and aromatics according to a reaction scheme similar to that better known for the reaction of alcohols. The generation of coke (attenuated by the presence of water in the reaction medium) is more significant than in the corresponding process for alcohols, and it limits the formation of aromatics and increases the formation of olefins (intermediate products of the reaction scheme).