gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth retardation and increased apoptosis in mice with homozygous disruption of the akt1 gene (2001)

The serine/threonine kinase Akt has been implicated in the control of cell survival and metabolism. Here we report the disruption of the most ubiquitously expressed member of the akt family of genes, akt1, in the mouse. Akt1(-/-) mice are viable but smaller when compared to wild-type littermates. In addition, the life span of Akt1(-/-) mice, upon exposure to genotoxic stress, is shorter. However, Akt1(-/-) mice do not display a diabetic phenotype. Increased spontaneous apoptosis in testes, and attenuation of spermatogenesis is observed in Akt1(-/-) male mice. Increased spontaneous apoptosis is also observed in the thymi of Akt1(-/-) mice, and Akt1(-/-) thymocytes are more sensitive to apoptosis induced by gamma-irradiation and dexamethasone. Finally, Akt1(-/-) mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) are more susceptible to apoptosis induced by TNF, anti-Fas, UV irradiation, and serum withdrawal.
Distributed Smart Grid Asset Control Strategies for Providing Ancillary Services (2013)

With large-scale plans to integrate renewable generation driven mainly by state-level renewable portfolio requirements, more resources will be needed to compensate for the uncertainty and variability associated with intermittent generation resources. Distributed assets can be used to mitigate the concerns associated with renewable energy resources and to keep costs down. Under such conditions, performing primary frequency control using only supply-side resources becomes not only prohibitively expensive but also technically difficult. It is therefore important to explore how a sufficient proportion of the loads could assume a routine role in primary frequency control to maintain the stability of the system at an acceptable cost. The main objective of this project is to develop a novel hierarchical distributed framework for frequency based load control. The framework involves two decision layers. The top decision layer determines the optimal gain for aggregated loads for each load bus. The gains are computed using decentralized robust control methods, and will be broadcast to the corresponding participating loads every control period. The second layer consists of a large number of heterogeneous devices, which switch probabilistically during contingencies so that aggregated power change matches the desired amount according to the most recently received gains. The simulation results show great potential to enable systematic design of demand-side primary frequency control with stability guarantees on the overall power system. The proposed design systematically accounts for the interactions between the total load response and bulk power system frequency dynamics. It also guarantees frequency stability under a wide range of time varying operating conditions. The local device-level load response rules fully respect the device constraints (such as temperature setpoint, compressor time delays of HVACs, or arrival and departure of the deferrable loads), which are crucial for implementing real load control programs. The promise of autonomous, Grid Friendly™ response by smart appliances in the form of under-frequency load shedding was demonstrated in the GridWise Olympic Peninsula Demonstration in 2006. Each controller monitored the power grid voltage signal and requested that electrical load be shed by its appliance whenever electric power-grid frequency fell below 59.95 Hz. The controllers and their appliances responded reliably to each shallow under-frequency event, which was an average of one event per day and shed their loads for the durations of these events. Another objective of this project was to perform extensive simulation studies to investigate the impact of a population of Grid Friendly™ Appliances (GFAs) on the bulk power system frequency stability. The GFAs considered in this report are represented as demonstration units with water heaters individually modeled.
Genome privacy: challenges, technical approaches to mitigate risk, and ethical considerations in the United States (2016)

Accessing and integrating human genomic data with phenotypes are important for biomedical research. Making genomic data accessible for research purposes, however, must be handled carefully to avoid leakage of sensitive individual information to unauthorized parties and improper use of data. In this article, we focus on data sharing within the scope of data accessibility for research. Current common practices to gain biomedical data access are strictly rule based, without a clear and quantitative measurement of the risk of privacy breaches. In addition, several types of studies require privacy-preserving linkage of genotype and phenotype information across different locations (e.g., genotypes stored in a sequencing facility and phenotypes stored in an electronic health record) to accelerate discoveries. The computer science community has developed a spectrum of techniques for data privacy and confidentiality protection, many of which have yet to be tested on real-world problems. In this article, we discuss clinical, technical, and ethical aspects of genome data privacy and confidentiality in the United States, as well as potential solutions for privacy-preserving genotype-phenotype linkage in biomedical research.
Feasibility of Dual UWB Heart Rate Sensing and Communications under FCC power restrictions (2007)

This article explores the viability of an application that can perform both, biomedical sensing and communications using the same transceiver operating at Ultra Wideband (UWB) range of frequencies. Among the numerous signals that can be measured employing UWB techniques, this work focuses on the heart rate (HR) and its variability over time (HRV). The approach exploits the fact that UWB radar sensing has long been proved possible especially for breath and HR. Founded on similar principles, UWB based communications showed great potential and some devices are already hitting the market. Still, there is no single application that can perform both tasks at the same time. A simple and approximate power budget is used to show the feasibility of sensing even under actual stringent FCC regulations and a standard communication device is chosen to show the potentialities of the combined strategy.
The anti-inflammatory effect of erythromycin in zymosan-induced peritonitis of mice (1992)

The anti-inflammatory effect of erythromycin was investigated using zymosan-induced peritonitis in mice. When mice were given erythromycin 10 mg/kg/day po for 28 days, a marked suppression of inflammatory responses, including the reduced influx of leucocytes, plasma exudation and prostaglandin E2 synthesis, was observed. However, neither a 7-day treatment with erythromycin nor a 28-day treatment with clindamycin suppressed the response. The anti-inflammatory activity induced after a 28-day treatment with erythromycin was comparable to the anti-inflammatory effect conferred by a 2-day treatment with dexamethasone 40 microgram/mouse/day. Thus, these data confirm previous studies which show that erythromycin can exert an anti-inflammatory effect when used over long periods of time.
Non‐stereoselective reversal of neuropathic pain by naloxone and naltrexone: involvement of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) (2008)

Although activated spinal cord glia contribute importantly to neuropathic pain, how nerve injury activates glia remains controversial. It has recently been proposed, on the basis of genetic approaches, that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) may be a key receptor for initiating microglial activation following L5 spinal nerve injury. The present studies extend this idea pharmacologically by showing that TLR4 is key for maintaining neuropathic pain following sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI). Established neuropathic pain was reversed by intrathecally delivered TLR4 receptor antagonists derived from lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, (+)-naltrexone, (+)-naloxone, and (-)-naloxone, which we show here to be TLR4 antagonists in vitro on both stably transfected HEK293-TLR4 and microglial cell lines, suppressed neuropathic pain with complete reversal upon chronic infusion. Immunohistochemical analyses of spinal cords following chronic infusion revealed suppression of CCI-induced microglial activation by (+)-naloxone and (-)-naloxone, paralleling reversal of neuropathic pain. Together, these CCI data support the conclusion that neuron-to-glia signaling through TLR4 is important not only for initiating neuropathic pain, as suggested previously, but also for maintaining established neuropathic pain. Furthermore, these studies suggest that the novel TLR4 antagonists (+)-naloxone and (-)-naloxone can each fully reverse established neuropathic pain upon multi-day administration. This finding with (+)-naloxone is of potential clinical relevance. This is because (+)-naloxone is an antagonist that is inactive at the (-)-opioid selective receptors on neurons that produce analgesia. Thus, these data suggest that (+)-opioid antagonists such as (+)-naloxone may be useful clinically to suppress glial activation, yet (-)-opioid agonists suppress pain.
Robust channel estimation for OFDM systems with rapid dispersive fading channels (1998)

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is a promising technique for achieving the high bit rates required for a wireless multimedia service. Without channel estimation and tracking, OFDM systems have to use differential phase-shift keying (DPSK), which has a 3-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss compared with coherent phase-shift keying (PSK). To improve the performance of OFDM systems by using coherent PSK, we investigate robust channel estimation for OFDM systems. We derive a minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) channel estimator, which makes full use of the time- and frequency-domain correlations of the frequency response of time-varying dispersive fading channels. Since the channel statistics are usually unknown, we also analyze the mismatch of the estimator-to-channel statistics and propose a robust channel estimator that is insensitive to the channel statistics. The robust channel estimator can significantly improve the performance of OFDM systems in a rapid dispersive fading channel.
Major Advances in Disease Prevention in Dairy Cattle (2006)

This paper describes some of the major points of progress and challenges in health management of dairy cattle in the last 25 yr. A selection of the leading contributors in the field is acknowledged. Specific advances in the areas of transition cow management, epidemiology, udder health, applied immunology, housing design, calf health, and health-monitoring tools are described. The greatest advances in dairy health in the last 25 yr have been the shifts to disease prevention, rather than treatment, as well as from focus on individual animals to groups and herds. A fundamental advancement has been recognition of the multifactorial nature of almost all diseases of importance in dairy cattle. Epidemiology has been a critical new tool used to describe and quantify the interconnected risk factors that produce disease. Another major advance has been redefining disease more broadly, to include subclinical conditions (e.g., subclinical mastitis, ketosis, rumen acidosis, and endometritis). This expansion resulted both from improved technology to measure function at the organ level and, just as importantly, from the evolution of the health management paradigm in which any factor that limits animal or herd performance might be considered a component of disease. Links between cattle and people through consideration of environmental or ecosystem health are likely to further expand the concept of disease prevention in the future. Notable successes are decreases in the incidence of milk fever, clinical respiratory disease in adults, contagious mastitis, and clinical parasitism. There has also been improved protection through vaccination against coliform mastitis and bovine virus diarrhea. Since 1980, average herd size and milk production per cow have increased dramatically. Despite these increased demands on cows' metabolism and humans' management skills, the incidence of most common and important diseases has remained stable. Great progress has been made in understanding the biology of energy metabolism and immune function in transition dairy cows, the time at which the majority of disease occurs. Coupled with an emerging understanding of how best to provide for dairy cows' behavioral needs, transition cow management promises to be the foundation for progress in maintenance and enhancement of the health of dairy cows in the next 25 yr.
Processing in the hepatitis C virus E2-NS2 region: identification of p7 and two distinct E2-specific products with different C termini (1994)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) H strain polyprotein is cleaved to produce at least nine distinct products: NH2-C-E1-E2-NS2-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B-CO OH. In this report, a series of C-terminal truncations and fusion with a human c-myc epitope tag allowed identification of a tenth HCV-encoded cleavage product, p7, which is located between the E2 and NS2 proteins. As determined by N-terminal sequence analysis, p7 begins with position 747 of the HCV H strain polyprotein. p7 is preceded by a hydrophobic sequence at the C terminus of E2 which may direct its translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum, allowing cleavage at the E2/p7 site by host signal peptidase. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that cleavage at the E2/p7 and p7/NS2 sites in cell-free translation studies was dependent upon the addition of microsomal membranes. However, unlike typical cotranslational signal peptidase cleavages, pulse-chase experiments indicate that cleavage at the E2/p7 site is incomplete, leading to the production of two E2-specific species, E2 and E2-p7. Possible roles of p7 and E2-p7 in the HCV life cycle are discussed.
Isolation of cDNA clones encoding the β isozyme of human DNA topoisomerase II and localisation of the gene to chromosome 3p24 (1992)

Topoisomerases catalyse the interconversion of topological isomers of DNA and have key roles in nucleic acid metabolism. Human cells express two distinct type II topoisomerase isozymes, designated topoisomerase II alpha (170 kDa form) and topoisomerase II beta (180 kDa form). We have isolated cDNA clones encoding the beta isozyme from a human B-cell library. The proposed coding region for the topoisomerase II beta protein is 4,863 nucleotides long and would encode a polypeptide with a calculated M(r) of 182,705. The predicted topoisomerase II beta protein sequence shows striking similarity (72% identical residues) to that of the human alpha isozyme, and homology to topoisomerase II proteins from Drosophila, yeast and bacteria. Regions of greatest amino acid sequence divergence lie at the extreme N-terminus and over a C-terminal domain comprising approximately 25% of the total protein. We have quantified the level of topoisomerase II beta mRNA in a panel of human tumour cell lines of different origin using an RNase protection assay, and compared the level to that of topoisomerase II alpha mRNA. Topoisomerase II beta mRNA was expressed in haemopoietic, epithelial and fibroblast cell lines, although to different extents, with U937 cells (promonocytic leukaemia) showing a particularly high level. There was no obvious relationship in terms of level of expression between the topoisomerase II alpha and beta genes. We have localised the gene encoding topoisomerase II beta protein to chromosome 3p24 in the human genome.
Flexible Internet Secure Transactions Based on Collaborative Domains (1997)

. The absence of manageable global key distribution schemes is seriously hindering the deployment of basic security services in the Internet. The emergence of cryptosystems based on public key technology has represented a significant improvement in this direction by removing the need of a mutual agreement on the encryption key. However, the certificate structures that bind a user to his public key are difficult to deploy especially in inter-domain environments. As a consequence, although the need for security services like encryption or authentication is becoming crucial, most Internet transactions currently take place without the use of any of these services. This paper proposes a novel approach for simplifying key manageability relying on the notion of security domains. The fundamental idea relies on the fact that key management and thus security services are easier to achieve inside a well confined domain. Consequently, large scale security might be seen as a combination of intra-do...
Mechanoelectrical transduction in hyaluronic acid salt solution is an entropy-driven process. (1976)

An electrical potential develops between the ends of a column of hyaluronic salt solution displaced from a resting position by gentle pressure. A previous study demonstrated that such displacement changes the optical rotary dispersion properties of the salt, either increasing the rotation in the direction already shown by the salt before displacement or changing and increasing the rotation in the opposite direction, depending on the direction of the displacement. The present investigation demonstrates that the loss of bound water component across a membrane separating the solution and water is corelated with the extent of the column displacement. In addition, a return of the column to the position before displacement is correlated with a return of the water component across the membrane-but not at the same rate as the exodus. The data seem consistent with the hypothesis that the hyaluronic acid salt, when strained, adopts a less entropic configuration, releasing bound water and thus increasing the entropy of water component. This change in the distribution of entropy is reversible; i.e., Eddington's "time's arrow" is reversible with respect to the water component of the solution.
Diagnosis and management of compartmental syndromes. (1980)

Patients at risk for compartmental syndromes challenge both the diagnostic and the therapeutic abilities of the physician. Suboptimum results may be due to delays in diagnosis and treatment, to incomplete surgical decompression, and to difficulties in the management of the limb after decompression. Although careful clinical assessment permits the diagnosis of a compartmental syndrome in most patients, we have found measurement of tissue pressure and direct nerve stimulation to be helpful for resolving ambiguous or equivocal cases. In our experience, the four-compartment parafibular approach to the leg and the ulnar approach to the volar compartments of the forearm provide efficient and complete decompression of potentially involved compartments. The skeletal stabilization of fractures associated with compartmental syndromes may facilitate management of the limb after surgical decompression.
DIETARY PHYTOESTROGENS AND VASCULAR FUNCTION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY (2004)

: Monday, June 14, 2004: ORAL SESSIONS: Poster Session 20: Epidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics
Fyn (2010)

Fyn is 59-kDa member of the Src family of kinases that is historically associated with T-cell and neuronal signaling in development and normal cellular physiology. Whereas Src has been heavily studied in cancer, less attention has been traditionally awarded to the other Src kinases such as Fyn. Our group has shown that Fyn is particularly upregulated in prostate cancer in contrast to the alternative members of the Src family. This suggests that it may mediate several important processes attributed to Src kinases in prostate cancer and other malignancies. These functions include not only cellular growth and proliferation but also morphogenesis and cellular motility. Together, these suggest a role for Fyn in both progression and metastasis. As several agents in clinical development affect Fyn activation, understanding the role that Fyn plays in cancer is of great importance in oncology. Cancer 2010. (c) 2010 American Cancer Society.
Quantitative Assays of the Amount of Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid Conjugated to Water-Soluble Polymers Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and Colorimetry (2001)

The level of conjugation of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) to the polysaccharide sodium hyaluronan (HA) has been measured by a colorimetric assay, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The colorimetric assay is based on the red shift, upon complexation with gadolinium ion (Gd3+), of the wavelength of maximum absorption of the dye arsenazo III. It can be performed in a few minutes using as little as 10 microg of polymer with a detection limit of approximately 0.03 mmol of DTPA (gram of polymer)-1. The ITC measurements yield values of the amount of DTPA linked to HA identical to those obtained by colorimetry. The levels of DTPA conjugation calculated by integration of signals at 3.1-3.2 ppm (DTPA protons) and at 2.0 ppm (HA acetamide protons) in the 1H NMR spectrum of HA-DTPA are consistently overestimated by a factor of approximately 2, compared to the data obtained by ITC and colorimetry. The longer relaxation times of protons of the polymer backbone, compared to those of protons attached to the freely moving DTPA side-chains may account for the discrepancy.
Gateways to clinical trials (2010)

(+)-Dapoxetine hydrochloride, [(123)I]-BZA, 9-Aminocamptothecin; Abacavir sulfate/lamivudine, Adalimumab, Adefovir dipivoxil, Alemtuzumab, Alvocidib hydrochloride, Ambrisentan, Amsilarotene, Anacetrapib, Anakinra, Apricitabine, Aripiprazole, Arsenic trioxide, Atazanavir sulfate, Atazanavir/ritonavir, Atrasentan, Azacitidine; Banoxantrone, Bazedoxifene acetate, Bevacizumab, Bexarotene, Biphasic insulin aspart, Bortezomib, Bosentan, Bromfenac; Cachectin, Calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate, Canakinumab, Carfilzomib, CAT-354, CCX-282, Certolizumab pegol, Cetuximab, Choline fenofibrate, Clevudine, Clofarabine, CNTO-328, Corifollitropin alfa, Crofelemer; Daptomycin, Darbepoetin alfa, Darunavir, Dasatinib, Decitabine, Deferasirox, Denosumab, Duloxetine hydrochloride, Dutasteride; Emtricitabine, Enfuvirtide, Entecavir, Epoetin zeta, Erlotinib hydrochloride, Escitalopram oxalate, Eslicarbazepine acetate, Eszopiclone, Etravirine, Everolimus, Exenatide, Ezetimibe, Ezetimibe/simvastatin; Farglitazar, Febuxostat, Fosamprenavir calcium, FX-06; Gabapentin enacarbil, Gefitinib; HIVIS DNA; Imatinib mesylate, INCB- 18424, Indacaterol, Inotuzumab ozogamicin, Insulin detemir; JNJ-26854165; Lacosamide, Landiolol, Laromustine, Lenalidomide, Liposomal doxorubicin, L-NAME, Lopinavir, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Lumiracoxib; Maraviroc, Mepolizumab, Methoxy polyethylene glycol- epoetin-beta, Miglustat, MK-0493, MVA-CMDR, Mycophenolic acid sodium salt; Natalizumab, Nepafenac, Neratinib, Neridronic acid, Nesiritide, Nilotinib hydrochloride monohydrate; Olmesartan medoxomil, Omacetaxine mepesuccinate, Omalizumab; Paclitaxel poliglumex, Palifermin, Patupilone, Pegfilgrastim, Peginterferon alfa-2a, Peginterferon alfa-2b, Peginterferon alfa-2b/ ribavirin, Pemetrexed disodium, PHA-848125, Pitavastatin calcium, Posaconazole, Povidone-iodine liposome complex, Prasugrel, Pregabalin, Prucalopride; Raltegravir potassium, Retigabine, Revaprazan hydrochloride, rhFSH, Rilpivirine, Rivaroxaban, Romidepsin, Rosuvastatin calcium, RWJ-676070; SAR-109659, Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate, Sorafenib, Stavudine/Lamivudine/Nevirapine, Sunitinib malate; Tadalafil, Telaprevir, Telbivudine, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/efavirenz, Teriparatide, Tigecycline, Tiotropium bromide, Tipifarnib, Tipranavir, Tocilizumab, Trifluridine/TPI; UP-780; Vandetanib, Vardenafil hydrochloride hydrate, Vatalanib succinate, Vitespen, Vorinostat; Yttrium 90 (90Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan; Zoledronic acid monohydrate.