gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface passivation effects on AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors with SiO2, Si3N4, and silicon oxynitride (2004)

Surface passivation effects were studied on AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) using SiO2, Si3N4, and silicon oxynitride (SiON) formed by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. An increase of IDmax and gmmax has been observed on the passivated (SiO2, Si3N4 and SiON) HEMTs when compared with the unpassivated HEMTs. About an order of magnitude low IgLeak and three orders of magnitude high IgLeak was observed on Si3N4 and SiO2 passivated HEMTs, respectively, when compared with the unpassivated HEMTs. The increase of IgLeak is due to the occurrence of surface related traps, which was confirmed by the observation of kink and hysteresis effect on dc and ac IDS–VDS characteristics, respectively. Though the Si3N4 passivated HEMTs show better dc characteristics, the breakdown voltage (BVgd) characteristics are not comparable with SiO2, SiON passivated and unpassivated HEMTs. The SiON is also a very promising candidate as a surface passivant for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs because it shows better BVgd with low hysteresis width and small ID collapse than Si3N4 passivated HEMTs.
Transduction of Dendritic Cells by DNA Viral Vectors Directs the Immune Response to Transgene Products in Muscle Fibers (1998)

Immune responses to vector-corrected cells have limited the application of gene therapy for treatment of chronic disorders such as inherited deficiency states. We have found that recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) efficiently transduces muscle fibers in vivo without activation of cellular and humoral immunity to neoantigenic transgene products such as beta-galactosidase, which differs from the experience with recombinant adenovirus, where vibrant T-cell responses to the transgene product destroy the targeted muscle fibers. T cells activated following intramuscular administration of adenovirus expressing lacZ (AdlacZ) can destroy AAVlacZ-transduced muscle fibers, indicating a prior state of immunologic nonresponsiveness in the context of AAV gene therapy. Adoptive transfer of dendritic cells infected with AdlacZ leads to immune mediated elimination of AAVlacZ-transduced muscle fibers. AAVlacZ-transduced antigen-presenting cells fail to demonstrate beta-galactosidase activity and are unable to elicit transgene immunity in adoptive transfer experiments. These studies indicate that vector-mediated transduction of dendritic cells is necessary for cellular immune responses to muscle gene therapy, a step which AAV avoids, providing a useful biological niche for its use in gene therapy.
Design and Preparation of Pulsatile Release Tablet as a New Oral Drug Delivery System. (1992)

To achieve time-controlled or site specific delivery of a drug in the gastrointestinal tract, an orally applicable pulsatile drug release system with the dry-coated tablet form was developed. The system consisted of a less water permeable outer shell and a swellable core tablet; from such a system, the drug was expected to be rapidly released after a certain period of time on the basis of time-controlled disintegration mechanism. Various model disks of outer shell, consisting of hydrogenated castor oil and polyethyleneglycol 6000, were tested for their water penetration rate. The experimental results showed that water penetration proceeded obeying the boundary retreating mechanism, so that the lag time of the system could be controlled by changing either the thickness or the composition of the outer shell. The swelling force of various commercially available disintegrants was quantitatively compared, and it was found that carboxymethylcellulose calcium was the preferable disintegrant to be used for the core tablet. On the basis of the results of a series of fundamental studies, various pulsatile release tablets of isoniazide with different lag times were designed. In the in vitro dissolution test, typical pulsatile release was achieved for all the tablets prepared, and a good correlation was found between the observed lag time and the estimated lag time calculated from an empirical equation deduced from the thickness and polyethyleneglycol 6000 content of the outer shell.
A Concept for Quasiliving Nitroxide-Mediated Radical Copolymerization (2000)

A principle conception for quasiliving TEMPO-mediated radical copolymerization was advanced. It was concluded that TEMPO-mediated copolymerization of styrene with other monomers (which are not able to polymerize via quasiliving mechanism) may proceed via quasiliving mechanism in two regimes“azeotropic” and “gradient” according to the reactivity ratio of comonomers. The “azeotropic” regime gives an almost linear increase in molecular weight with conversion and provides controlled synthesis of copolymers with a low polydispersity index. “Gradient” copolymerization proceeds via a dead-end mechanism with formation of gradient copolymers. A simple kinetic scheme was proposed for “azeotropic” copolymerization. Experimental kinetic data correlating with the advanced concept were obtained for quasiliving copolymerization of styrene with methyl and butyl acrylates, methyl methacrylate, and acrylonitrile (“azeotropic” regime); and for styrene copolymerization with N-vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate (“gradient” regime).
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA): a dancer with many partners (2003)

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was originally characterised as a DNA sliding clamp for replicative DNA polymerases and as an essential component of the eukaryotic chromosomal DNA replisome. Subsequent studies, however, have revealed its striking ability to interact with multiple partners, which are involved in several metabolic pathways, including Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation. PCNA in mammalian cells thus appears to play a key role in controlling several reactions through the coordination and organisation of different partners. Two major questions have emerged: how do these proteins access PCNA in a coordinated manner, and how does PCNA temporally and spatially organise their functions? Structural and biochemical studies are starting to provide a first glimpse of how both tasks can be achieved.
Purification and properties of α-mannosidase II from Golgi-like membranes of baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda (IPLB-SF-21AE) cells (1997)

An alpha-mannosidase II-like activity was identified in baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda (IPLB-SF21-AE) cells. The enzyme responsible was purified from Golgi-type membranes to apparent homogeneity by using a combination of steps including DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite, concanavalin A-Sepharose and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular mass of this purified protein was approx. 120 kDa by SDS/PAGE under reducing conditions and approx. 240 kDa under non-reducing conditions, indicating that the enzyme is a disulphide-linked dimer. Substrates demonstrated to undergo hydrolysis with this enzyme were GlcNAc-Man5-GlcNAc-GlcNAc (non-reduced and reduced) and p-nitrophenyl alpha-d-mannopyranoside. The oligosaccharide substrate was converted into GlcNAc-Man3-GlcNAc-GlcNAc through an intermediate GlcNAc-Man4-GlcNAc-GlcNAc. Treatment of the isolated intermediate oligosaccharide with endoglycosidase H resulted in its conversion into GlcNAc-Man4-GlcNAc. This indicated that it contained the alpha-1,3-linked mannose residue on the alpha-1,6-linked mannose arm and showed that the alpha-1,6-linked mannose residue on the alpha-1,6-linked mannose arm had been preferentially hydrolysed by the mannosidase. The oligosaccharide lacking the beta-1,2-linked GlcNAc residue on the alpha-1,3-linked mannose arm (Man5-GlcNAc-GlcNAc) was not hydrolysed in the presence of the enzyme. Metal ions were not required for enzymic activity on any of the substrates, but Cu2+ was strongly inhibitory. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited at low concentrations of swainsonine, but much higher concentrations of 1-deoxymannojirimycin were required to achieve inhibition. All of these properties are characteristic of mannosidase II enzymes from other eukaryotic tissues. The presence of mannosidase II in lepidopteran insect cells would allow entry of N-linked glycoproteins into the complex processing reaction pathway or into the terminal Man3-GlcNAc-GlcNAc pathway.
Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure on Matrix Synthesis and Matrix Metalloproteinase Production in the Human Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (1997)

The results suggest that hydrostatic pressure influences intervertebral disc cell metabolism. A physiologic level of hydrostatic pressure (3 atm) may act as an anabolic factor for stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 production. This may be essential for maintaining the matrix of the disc. If the pressure was 30 atm or more or 1 atm or less, a catabolic effect will be predominant, with reduction of proteoglycan synthesis rate and increase of matrix metalloproteinase-3 production. Abnormal hydrostatic pressure, therefore, may accelerate disc degeneration.
Ultrasonic surgery: Power quantification and efficiency optimization (2001)

Two simple measurements referred to as H2O power and energy efficiency provide a basis for objective comparison of different ultrasonic instrumentation. These measurements will assist in standardizing clinical observations. (Aesthetic Surg J 2001;21:233-241.).
Interview no. 881 (1995)

Oral delivery of vaccines is an attractive alternative to injection. It is a non-invasive procedure which allows access to the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). Immunisation at GALT results in mucosal immune responses, which may be of particular importance in protection against infection at mucosal surfaces, as well as systemic immune responses. Vaccine antigens can be protected in the gut by encapsulation in poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microparticles. Their uptake into the immune inductive tissues of the GALT is mediated by M cells, which selectively phagocytose particles less than 10 microns in diameter. We have developed a method for the PLG encapsulation of plasmid DNA. Encapsulated DNA, expressing the insect protein luciferase under the transcriptional control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter, was administered to mice by intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage. Intraperitoneal injection of encapsulated DNA elicited good serum IgG and IgM responses and a modest IgA response. Oral administration stimulated good serum antibody titres in all three classes, and in addition, significant levels of mucosal IgA. PLG encapsulation thus has the ability to protect plasmid DNA against degradation after administration, and to facilitate its uptake into appropriate cells for the subsequent expression and presentation of antigen, in such a way as to elicit both systemic and mucosal antibody responses. This may have major implications for the design of novel vaccines and delivery strategies.
One-step concentration of malarial parasite-infected red blood cells and removal of contaminating white blood cells. (2004)

The use of a commercially available magnetic LD column is effective, safe and easy for the one-step purification of PRBCs. This simple method does not affect the viability of malarial parasites.
Attempted reversible sympathetic ganglion block by an implantable neurostimulator (2012)

Although neurostimulation achieved a partial sympathetic block, the present method failed to obtain a completely reversible effect. However, these results may indicate that different nervous pathways moderate the various components of the Horner's triad. Concerning the creation of a reversible sympathectomy; other approaches must be sought after.
Analysis of Tissue-Specific Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana HSP90-Family Gene HSP81 (1994)

We have isolated three HSP90-family genes from Arabidopsis: HSP81-1 which is heat-inducible, and HSP81-2 and -3 which are highly expressed under normal growth temperatures. Northern blot analysis and RNase protection analysis, using gene specific probes, showed that HSP81-2 and -3 mRNA were present in all tissues and abundant in roots, floral bud clusters, and flowers at 22 degrees C. A small amount of HSP81-1 mRNA was detected only in roots. In situ hybridization and histochemical analysis using transgenic plants carrying chimeric gene fusions, with an HSP81 promoter region fused to a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene, confirmed these results. At 22 degrees C, high GUS activity was observed in the root apical meristems, pollen and tapeta in HSP81-2::GUS and HSP81-3::GUS transgenic plants, while only branches of the root in HSP81-1::GUS transgenic plants expressed high GUS activity. After 2 hours of 35 degrees C treatment, extensively high GUS activity was observed in all tissues in HSP81-1::GUS transgenic plants, while elevated but tissue specific expression was observed in HSP81-2 and -3 transgenic plants. Exogenous application of various chemicals such as ABA, GA3, kinetin, IAA, NaCl, and mannitol revealed that 10 mM IAA and 0.1 M NaCl significantly enhanced the accumulation of HSP81-2 and -3 transcripts. Only a slight response to IAA was observed in HSP81-1 mRNA accumulation at 22 degrees C; the increase was possibly caused by a novel pathway other than heat-shock-response pathway.
Flow Cytometric Ion Detection with Plasticized Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Microspheres Containing Selective Ionophores (2002)

The use of flow cytometry as a rapid, high-throughput diagnostic tool for the analysis of ions is described. Monodisperse, uniform microspheres, which obey bulk optode theory and are governed by bulk extraction processes rather than surface phenomena, were prepared under mild, nonreactive conditions using a sonic stream particle casting apparatus. As an initial example demonstrating the utility of this approach, microspheres that contained a H+-selective fluorescent chromoionophore (ETH 5294), a cation-exchanger (NaTFPB), and either a highly sodium-selective (sodium ionophore X) or a potassium-selective ionophore (BME-44) were prepared. Separate solution analysis of sodium- and potassium-selective microspheres resulted in the generation of functional response curves using peak channel fluorescence intensities. The selectivity observed for both types of particles is sufficient for the clinical determination of Na+ and K+. Furthermore, sodium- and potassium-selective microspheres were analyzed in parallel using sodium sample solutions, resulting in the successful determination of sodium ion concentrations and providing important information about the selectivity of the potassium-selective sensors over sodium. This work demonstrates the potential applicability of flow cytometry as a means for developing multiplexed, rapid, high-throughput analyses for clinically relevant ions.
Predictive SVD-transform coding of speech with adaptive vector quantization (1991)

A predictive transform coder using singular value decomposition (SVD) and adaptive vector quantization (AVQ) is presented. The linear predictive coding (LPC) excitation is obtained by a weighting VQ quantization of the SVD transforms of the prediction residual. The orthogonal representation of the excitation provided by the SVD transform permits a fine quantization of the perceptually important components. Some dynamic bit allocation approaches based on the relative importance of the singular values are described. The integration of the usual perceptual noise-shaping is easy, and a simple noise-shaping based on the direct reduction of the singular values spread is presented. The LPC coefficients are quantized by an adaptive multistage VQ approach. The results show good performance within the range of 7-8 kb/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Growth of suspended carbon nanotube networks on 100-nm-scale silicon pillars (2002)

We investigated carbon nanotube growth by means of methane chemical vapor deposition on ultrafine silicon patterns prepared by synchrotron-radiation lithography. Grown nanotubes formed suspended bridges between pillars when pillar spacing was comparable to pillar height. Network-like interconnections were obtained on pillar arrays. Nearest-neighbor bridging accounted for more than 80% of all the bridging nanotubes. The self-directed growth between neighboring pillars may be explained by the swing of the nanotube cantilever which contacts a catalyst particle in liquid phase as the nanotube grows. These results confirm the possibility of self-assembled wiring of nanostructures.
Autogenous transplantation of rib cartilage preserved in glycerol, after removal of the perichondrium, to the malar process of rats. A histological study. (Part I). (1990)

Seventy-two male albino rats received autogenous transplants of glycerol-preserved rib cartilage into the malar process. The animals were divided into two groups which received preserved cartilage with or without perichondrium. The implants were well tolerated and removal of the perichondrium enhanced the rate of resorption and bone replacement of the material.
In Silico and In Vivo Approach to Elucidate the Inflammatory Complexity of CD14-deficient Mice (2006)

The inflammatory phenotype of genetically modified mice is complex, and the role of Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in acute inflammation induced by surgical cannulation trauma, alone or in combination with hemorrhage and resuscitation ("hemorrhagic shock"), is both complex and controversial. We sought to determine if a mathematical model of acute inflammation could elucidate both the phenotype of CD14-deficient (CD14(-/-)) mice--following LPS, cannulation, or hemorrhagic shock--and the role of LPS in trauma/hemorrhage-induced inflammation. A mathematical model of inflammation initially calibrated in wild-type (C57Bl/6) mice subjected to LPS, cannulation, and hemorrhagic shock was recalibrated in CD14(-/-) mice subjected to the same insults, yielding an ensemble of models that suggested specific differences at the cellular and molecular levels (for example, 43-fold lower activation of leukocytes by LPS). The CD14(-/-)-specific model ensemble could account for complex changes in inflammatory analytes in these mice following LPS treatment. Model prediction of similar organ damage in CD14(-/-) and wild-type mice subjected to cannulation alone or with hemorrhagic shock was verified in vivo (similar ALT levels). These studies suggest that LPS-CD14 responses do not cause inflammation in surgical trauma/hemorrhagic shock and demonstrate a novel use of combined in silico and in vivo methods to elucidate the complex inflammatory phenotype of genetically modified animals.
Role of antigen, CD8, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) avidity in high dose antigen induction of apoptosis of effector CTL. (1996)

Experimental data suggest that negative selection of thymocytes can occur as a result of supraoptimal antigenic stimulation. It is unknown, however, whether such mechanisms are at work in mature CD8+ T lymphocytes. Here, we show that CD8+ effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are susceptible to proliferative inhibition by high dose peptide antigen, leading to apoptotic death mediated by TNF-alpha release. Such inhibition is not reflected in the cytolytic potential of the CTL, since concentrations of antigen that are inhibitory for proliferation promote efficient lysis of target cells. Thus, although CTL have committed to the apoptotic pathway, the kinetics of this process are such that CTL function can occur before death of the CTL. The concentration of antigen required for inhibition is a function of the CTL avidity, in that concentrations of antigen capable of completely inhibiting high avidity CTL maximally stimulate low avidity CTL. Importantly, the inhibition can be detected in both activated and resting CTL. Blocking studies demonstrate that the CD8 molecule contributes significantly to the inhibitory signal as the addition of anti-CD8 antibody restores the proliferative response. Thus, our data support the model that mature CD8+ CTL can accommodate an activation signal of restricted intensity, which, if surpassed, results in deletion of that cell.
Current programmed control of a single phase two-switch buck-boost power factor correction circuit (2002)

This paper presents a new current programmed control (CPC) technique for the cascaded two switch buck-boost converter suitable as a low-cost power factor correction (PFC) rectifier in a variable speed motor drive. This new CPC technique, which is an extension of the conventional CPC method, enables variable output DC-voltage and is therefore suitable in a pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) motor drive or as a universal input power supply. The CPC method is very simple and requires only a constant current reference without any changes at the transition between boost and buck operating mode and the line current is practically unaffected by the topology mode shift. The presented control technique is verified by simulations and experimental results and compliance with IEC 61000-3-2 class A is achieved. The experimental setup is based on a commercial CPC IC for DC-DC converters.
Crystallization of intact monoclonal antibodies (1995)

Attempts were made to crystallize four monoclonal antibodies, one IgG2a kappa and three IgG1 kappa. Using a PEG 3350 screen combined with detergents, and developed from our experiments with an IgG2a kappa antibody specific for canine lymphoma cells, crystals have now been obtained of two of these four immunoglobulins, an antiphenytoin and an antiphenobarbital antibody. A complex between the antiphenobarbital antibody and its drug antigen crystallized as well. The antibody for phenytoin has, to this point, produced only clustered microcrystals, marginally suitable for X-ray analysis. Single crystals of the IgG1 kappa antibody against phenobarbital, however, were characterized by X-ray diffraction to be primitive monoclinic, with unit cell dimensions a = 67 A, b = 193 A, c = 74 A, and beta = 110 degrees. These crystals have an entire IgG1 kappa molecule as the asymmetric unit and they diffract to at least 3.2 A resolution.
Effect of Heating on Pulmonary Veins: (2003)

Significant acute heat-induced contraction of PVs at zero-tension state was observed between 60 degrees C and 65 degrees C. This change was associated with collagen denaturation.
Complex Adenovirus-Mediated Expression of West Nile Virus C, PreM, E, and NS1 Proteins Induces both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses (2007)

West Nile Virus (WNV), a member of the family Flaviviridae, was first identified in Africa in 1937. In recent years, it has spread into Europe and North America. The clinical manifestations of WNV infection range from mild febrile symptoms to fatal encephalitis. Two genetic lineages (lineages I and II) are recognized; lineage II is associated with mild disease, while lineage I has been associated with severe disease, including encephalitis. WNV has now spread across North America, significantly affecting both public and veterinary health. In the efforts to develop an effective vaccine against all genetic variants of WNV, we have studied the feasibility of inducing both neutralizing and cellular immune responses by de novo synthesis of WNV antigens using a complex adenoviral vaccine (CAdVax) vector. By expressing multiple WNV proteins from a single vaccine vector, we were able to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated mice. Neutralization assays demonstrated that the antibodies were broadly neutralizing against both lineages of WNV, with a significant preference for the homologous lineage II virus. The results from this study show that multiple antigens synthesized de novo from a CAdVax vector are capable of inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses against WNV and that a multiantigen approach may provide broad protection against multiple genetic variants of WNV.