gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydrogen sulphide‐donating sildenafil (ACS6) on erectile function and oxidative stress in rabbit isolated corpus cavernosum and in hypertensive rats (2009)

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of the H(2)S-donating derivative of sildenafil (ACS6) compared to sildenafil citrate and sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) on relaxation, superoxide formation and NADPH oxidase and type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) expression in isolated rabbit cavernosal tissue and smooth muscle cells (CSMCs), and in vivo on indices of oxidative stress induced with buthionine sulphoximine (BSO). MATERIALS AND METHODS Relaxation was studied in an organ bath in response to carbachol and after incubation with interleukin-1beta for 12 h. CSMCs were incubated with tumour-necrosis factor-alpha or the thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) analogue, U46619, with or with no sildenafil citrate, ACS6 or NaHS for 16 h. Superoxide formation and the expression of p47(phox) (an active subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex) and PDE5 protein was then assessed using Western blotting. Rats were also treated with BSO (with or with no sildenafil citrate or ACS6) for 7 days; cavernosal cGMP, cAMP, glutathionine and plasma TXA(2) and 8-isoprostane F(2alpha) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS ACS6 and sildenafil citrate relaxed cavernosal smooth muscle equipotently; NaHS alone had little effect at up to 100 microm. The formation of superoxide and expression of p47(phox) and PDE5 was reduced by ACS6, sildenafil citrate and NaHS (order of potency: ACS6 > sildenafil citrate > NaHS). The effects of ACS6 were blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA) and PKG. In rats treated with BSO, both ASC6 and sildenafil citrate reduced the increased plasma levels of TXA(2) and 8-isoprostane F(2alpha) but increased cGMP, cAMP and glutathionine levels in corpus cavernosum. CONCLUSIONS By virtue of a dual action on PKA and PKG activation, ACS6 not only promotes erection, acutely, but might also have a long-term beneficial effect through inhibition of oxidative stress and downregulation of PDE5.
Cobot architecture (2001)

We describe a new robot architecture: the collaborative robot, or cobot. Cobots are intended for direct physical interaction with a human operator. The cobot can create smooth, strong virtual surfaces and other haptic effects within a shared human/cobot workspace. The kinematic properties of cobots differ markedly from those of robots. Most significantly, cobots have only one mechanical degree of freedom, regardless of their taskspace dimensionality. The instantaneous direction of motion associated with this single degree of freedom is actively servo-controlled, or steered, within the higher dimensional taskspace. This paper explains the kinematics of cobots and the continuously variable transmissions (CVT) that are essential to them. Powered cobots are introduced, made possible by a parallel interconnection of the CVT. We discuss the relation of cobots to conventionally actuated robots and to nonholonomic robots. Several cobots in design, prototype, or industrial testbed settings illustrate the concepts discussed.
Extended wavelets for multiple measures (2003)

While work in recent years has demonstrated that wavelets can be efficiently used to compress large quantities of data and provide fast and fairly accurate answers to queries, little emphasis has been placed on using wavelets in approximating datasets containing multiple measures. Existing decomposition approaches will either operate on each measure individually, or treat all measures as a vector of values and process them simultaneously. We show in this paper that the resulting individual or combined storage approaches for the wavelet coefficients of different measures that stem from these existing algorithms may lead to suboptimal storage utilization, which results to reduced accuracy to queries. To alleviate this problem, we introduce in this work the notion of an extended wavelet coefficient as a flexible storage method for the wavelet coefficients, and propose novel algorithms for selecting which extended wavelet coefficients to retain under a given storage constraint. Experimental results with both real and synthetic datasets demonstrate that our approach achieves improved accuracy to queries when compared to existing techniques.
[Adalimumab]. (2002)

Recently, the anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha treatments for RA are successful in alleviating the discomforts associated with swollen, painful joints. Adalimumab(D2E7) is the first fully human anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody(IgG1). Therefore, it has low immunogenicity and possibly greater therapeutic potential compared with other anti-TNF-alpha antibodies. This is administered subcutaneously at a dose of 1 mg/kg biweekly. The combined therapy with methotrexate(MTX) is efficacious to the patients who receive MTX alone and are insufficient to control symptoms of RA. The therapeutic effects become evident within 24 hours to one week after administration and reached maximum effect after one to two weeks. In adalimumab recipient, radiographic progression is also controlled and serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) and MMP-3 decrease. For patients with RA, the treatment of adalimumab will set a new standard for symptom control and joint protection.
Structural Features of the Glutamate Transporter Family (1999)

Neuronal and glial glutamate transporters remove the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate from the synaptic cleft and thus prevent neurotoxicity. The proteins belong to a large and widespread family of secondary transporters, including bacterial glutamate, serine, and C4-dicarboxylate transporters; mammalian neutral-amino-acid transporters; and an increasing number of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic proteins that have not yet been functionally characterized. Sixty members of the glutamate transporter family were found in the databases on the basis of sequence homology. The amino acid sequences of the carriers have diverged enormously. Homology between the members of the family is most apparent in a stretch of approximately 150 residues in the C-terminal part of the proteins. This region contains four reasonably well-conserved sequence motifs, all of which have been suggested to be part of the translocation pore or substrate binding site. Phylogenetic analysis of the C-terminal stretch revealed the presence of five subfamilies with characterized members: (i) the eukaryotic glutamate transporters, (ii) the bacterial glutamate transporters, (iii) the eukaryotic neutral-amino-acid transporters, (iv) the bacterial C4-dicarboxylate transporters, and (v) the bacterial serine transporters. A number of other subfamilies that do not contain characterized members have been defined. In contrast to their amino acid sequences, the hydropathy profiles of the members of the family are extremely well conserved. Analysis of the hydropathy profiles has suggested that the glutamate transporters have a global structure that is unique among secondary transporters. Experimentally, the unique structure of the transporters was recently confirmed by membrane topology studies. Although there is still controversy about part of the topology, the most likely model predicts the presence of eight membrane-spanning alpha-helices and a loop-pore structure which is unique among secondary transporters but may resemble loop-pores found in ion channels. A second distinctive structural feature is the presence of a highly amphipathic membrane-spanning helix that provides a hydrophilic path through the membrane. Recent data from analysis of site-directed mutants and studies on the mechanism and pharmacology of the transporters are discussed in relation to the structural model.
Reverse DNA translocation through a solid-state nanopore by magnetic tweezers (2009)

Voltage-driven DNA translocation through nanopores has attracted wide interest for many potential applications in molecular biology and biotechnology. However, it is intrinsically difficult to control the DNA motion in standard DNA translocation processes in which a strong electric field is required in drawing DNA into the pore, but it also leads to uncontrollable fast DNA translocation. Here we explore a new type of DNA translocation. We dub it 'reverse DNA translocation', in which the DNA is pulled through a nanopore mechanically by a magnetic bead, driven by a magnetic-field gradient. This technique is compatible with simultaneous ionic current measurements and is suitable for multiple nanopores, paving the way for large scale applications. We report the first experiment of reverse DNA translocation through a solid-state nanopore using magnetic tweezers.
Boosting performance of bio-entity recognition by combining results from multiple systems (2005)

The task of biomedical named-entity recognition is to identify technical terms in the domain of biology that are of special interest to domain experts. While numerous algorithms have been proposed for this task, biomedical named-entity recognition remains a challenging task and an active area of research, as there is still a large accuracy gap between the best algorithms for biomedical named-entity recognition and those for general newswire named-entity recognition. The reason for such discrepancy in accuracy results is generally attributed to inadequate feature representations of individual entity recognition systems and external domain knowledge.In order to take advantage of the rich feature representations and external domain knowledge used by different systems, we propose several Meta biomedical named-entity recognition algorithms that combine recognition results of various recognition systems. The proposed algorithms -- majority vote, unstructured exponential model and conditional random field -- were tested on the GENIA biomedical corpus. Empirical results show that the F score can be improved from 0.72, which is attained by the best individual system, to 0.96 by our Meta entity recognition approach.
Fuzzy learning control for antiskid braking systems (1993)

Although antiskid braking systems (ABS) are designed to optimize braking effectiveness while maintaining steerability, their performance often degrades under harsh road conditions (e.g. icy/snowy roads). The use of the fuzzy model reference learning control (FMRLC) technique for maintaining adequate performance even under such adverse road conditions is proposed. This controller utilizes a learning mechanism that observes the plant outputs and adjusts the rules in a direct fuzzy controller so that the overall system behaves like a reference model characterizing the desired behavior. The performance of the FMRLC-based ABS is demonstrated by simulation for various road conditions (wet asphalt, icy) and transitions between such conditions (e.g. when emergency braking occurs and the road switches from wet to icy or vice versa).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tunable, ultra-low phase noise YIG based opto-electronic oscillator (2003)

We describe a YIG tuned opto-electronic oscillator with extremely low phase noise. The oscillator can be tuned from 6 to 12 GHz in steps of 3 MHz, and exhibits a phase noise of -128 dBc/Hz at 10 KHz away from the carrier. This is nearly a 30 dB improvement over conventional YIG oscillators, and is derived from the novel approach of the opto-electronic oscillator. To our knowledge, this is the lowest noise performance of any YIG tuned oscillator previously reported.
Potential use of triticale in diets for rainbow trout: effects of dietary levels and incidence of cooking (1990)

&mdash; It is recognized that an increase in digestible energy (DE) can improve the growth per- formance and protein retention efficiency in rainbow trout. Growth and digestibility trials were con- ducted to evaluate possible incorporation of triticale (Clercal, a soft wheat x rye hybrid, hexaploid va- riety) as a potential source of DE for rainbow trout. Four diets were formulated with graded levels of native triticale (0-30% of dry matter) and 2 others with pre-cooked triticale at 20 and 30% of DM. All diets were isoproteic (crude protein: 43% DM) and isoenergetic (gross energy: 20 kJ/g DM). Digestibility of dry matter, starch and energy was affected by both level and nature of triticale. Cooking (15 5 min, 110 C) improved nutrient digestibilities of diets containing triticale. Growth performance and nutrient retention efficiencies were higher in fish fed diets containing precooked triticale than in those receiving equivalent amounts of native triticale. Triticale appears to hold potential value as an ingredient in trout diets provided some pretreatment of the cereal is made to improve starch digestibility.
A mobility model for UAV ad hoc network (2014)

With the technological advances, there is an increasing attention on micro-UAVs in the military area as well as in the civilian domain. They are used as swarm (several UAVs) forming a UAS (Unmanned Aircraft System) since they are relatively cheap and offer better performance than one aircraft. The UAVs, in a UAS, have to exchange information with each other and with the control station in order to create a clear vision of the swarm situation and the task performance. This exchange is made possible by the application of an ad hoc network between UAVs which is a challenging issue because of the node mobility, the network topology change, and the operation communication requirements in term of quality of service (delay, throughput or loss rate for instance). This paper presents a realistic mobility model designed for UAV ad hoc networks. since evaluating the performances of ad hoc protocols is an important step in order to predict possible problems that can affect the system in the real environment. This mobility model behavior is compared to the well-known mobility model behavior Random-Way Point. It is also compared to real movements traces using several metrics.
Fyn kinase‐mediated phosphorylation of NMDA receptor NR2B subunit at Tyr1472 is essential for maintenance of neuropathic pain (2005)

Despite abundant evidence implicating the importance of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the spinal cord for pain transmission, the signal transduction coupled to NMDA receptor activation is largely unknown for the neuropathic pain state that lasts over periods of weeks. To address this, we prepared mice with neuropathic pain by transection of spinal nerve L5. Wild-type, NR2A-deficient, and NR2D-deficient mice developed neuropathic pain; in addition, phosphorylation of NR2B subunits of NMDA receptors at Tyr1472 was observed in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord 1 week after nerve injury. Neuropathic pain and NR2B phosphorylation at Tyr1472 were attenuated by the NR2B-selective antagonist CP-101,606 and disappeared in mice lacking Fyn kinase, a Src-family tyrosine kinase. Concomitant with the NR2B phosphorylation, an increase in neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity was visualized in the superficial dorsal horn of neuropathic pain mice by NADPH diaphorase histochemistry. Electron microscopy showed that the phosphorylated NR2B was localized at the postsynaptic density in the spinal cord of mice with neuropathic pain. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, and PGE receptor subtype EP1-selective antagonist reduced the NR2B phosphorylation in these mice. Conversely, EP1-selective agonist stimulated Fyn kinase-dependent nitric oxide formation in the spinal cord. The present study demonstrates that Tyr1472 phosphorylation of NR2B subunits by Fyn kinase may have dual roles in the retention of NMDA receptors in the postsynaptic density and in activation of nitric oxide synthase, and suggests that PGE2 is involved in the maintenance of neuropathic pain via the EP1 subtype.
Topographical and Physicochemical Modification of Material Surface to Enable Patterning of Living Cells (2001)

Precise control of the architecture of multiple cells in culture and in vivo via precise engineering of the material surface properties is described as cell patterning. Substrate patterning by control of the surface physicochemical and topographic features enables selective localization and phenotypic and genotypic control of living cells. In culture, control over spatial and temporal dynamics of cells and heterotypic interactions draws inspiration from in vivo embryogenesis and haptotaxis. Patterned arrays of single or multiple cell types in culture serve as model systems for exploration of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. More recently, the patterned arrays and assemblies of tissues have found practical applications in the fields of Biosensors and cell-based assays for Drug Discovery. Although the field of cell patterning has its origins early in this century, an improved understanding of cell-substrate interactions and the use of microfabrication techniques borrowed from the microelectronics industry have enabled significant recent progress. This review presents the important early discoveries and emphasizes results of recent state-of-the-art cell patterning methods. The review concludes by illustrating the growing impact of cell patterning in the areas of bioelectronic devices and cell-based assays for drug discovery.
Polarization ofHe3Gas by Optical Pumping (1963)

The process of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ nuclear polarization by metastability exchange with optically pumped metastable ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ atoms is described and experimental details given. Phenomenological theories are presented which explain the optical signals and the time variation of the polarization. The polarization is measured both optically and by nuclear magnetic resonance. Relaxation of the nuclear spins by diffusion through magnetic field gradients is discussed. When gradients are small, nuclear relaxation times as long as 4000 sec have been measured. The maximum polarization achieved was 40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5% in ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ gas at a pressure of one mm Hg.
Texture synthesis based hybridisation for images and geometry (2012)

Texture synthesis deals with the example based creation of highly repetitive information.\nIt is an important and widely studied problem in the computer graphics community due to the ever increasing need for art. Texture synthesis offers a way to automate the creative process so that artists are free to focus on the core aspects of their project, defining a look and style, and free from the mundane and tedious creative tasks of producing many unique instances of similar, repetitive content. The work presented in this thesis takes as input some form of example data and attempts to automatically imagine what more of it could look like. Specifically, we explore the idea of hybridisation, taking multiple unique objects and mixing them to create new instances of those objects which share similar statistical features both locally and globally with the input. Hybrids occur in most textures but thus far have not been studied as a texture synthesis problem. In this thesis hybridisation is identified as a sub-problem of texture synthesis and hybrids are synthesised independent of the texture they would exist in. A new texture synthesis based hybridisation solution is proposed that generates near infinite unique instances of a hybrid from just a small handful of examples. Texture, being a kind of information (highly repetitive information), can exist for any type of multimedia data (e.g. images, audio, geometry, animation, etc.). While some work has been done with regards to customizing texture synthesis algorithms into other content domains such as audio, animation and geometry, the bulk of the work done for texture synthesis has focused on images. In fact the challenges specific to the image domain have heavily influenced the direction texture synthesis research has taken over the past years. We explore an interesting and practical new geometry synthesis approach that allows us to perform texture synthesis and hybridisation directly on 2D curves and 3D meshes, a previously open problem with vast academic and commercial appeal. Given a handful of unique but similar images, 2D curves or 3D meshes, nearly infinite more similar but unique instances are automatically created. While we do not claim that such an algorithm reproduces the phenomena known as hum an imagination, we do believe that it mimics the final result and offers an autonomous approximation that is immediately useful to industry for the purpose of art creation. We hope that this thesis opens up an interesting new direction for texture synthesis, hybridisation and artificial imagination.
A model of articulatory dynamics and control (1976)

A model of human articulation is described whose spatial and dynamic characteristics closely match those of natural speech. The model includes a controller that embodies enough articulatory "motor skill" to produce, from discrete phonetic strings, properly timed sequences of articulatory movements. Together with programs for dictionary searching and rules for duration and other phonetic variables, the model can produce reasonably acceptable synthetic speech from ordinary English text.
Mechanism of resistance to the ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 in BCR/ABL–transformed hematopoietic cell lines (2000)

The tyrosine kinase activity of the Bcr/Abl oncogene is required for transformation of hematopoietic cells. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 (formerly called CGP57148B, Novartis Pharmaceuticals) inhibits BCR/ABL, TEL/ABL, and v-ABL kinase activity and inhibits growth and viability of cells transformed by any of these ABL oncogenes. Here we report the generation of 2 BCR/ABL-positive cell lines that have developed partial resistance to STI571. BCR/ABL-transformed Ba/F3 hematopoietic cells and Philadelphia-positive human K562 cells were cultured in gradually increasing concentrations of STI571 over a period of several months to generate resistant lines. Resistant Ba/F3.p210 cells were found to have an increase in Bcr/Abl messenger RNA, amplification of the Bcr/Abl transgene, and a greater than tenfold increase in the level of BCR/ABL protein. In contrast to Ba/F3.p210 cells, drug-resistant K562 cells did not undergo detectable amplification of the BCR/ABL gene, although they displayed a 2-fold to 3-fold increase in p210BCR/ABL protein. The addition of STI571 to both resistant Ba/F3. p210 and K562 cells resulted in a rapid reduction of tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins, similar to that observed for nonresistant cells. However, the inhibition of kinase activity was transient and partial and was not accompanied by apoptosis. The results suggest that resistance to STI571 may be multifactorial. Increased expression of the target protein BCR/ABL was observed in both lines, and resulted from oncogene amplification in one line. However, altered drug metabolism, transport, or other related mechanisms may also contribute to drug resistance.
Sleep Drives Metabolite Clearance from the Adult Brain (2013)

The conservation of sleep across all animal species suggests that sleep serves a vital function. We here report that sleep has a critical function in ensuring metabolic homeostasis. Using real-time assessments of tetramethylammonium diffusion and two-photon imaging in live mice, we show that natural sleep or anesthesia are associated with a 60% increase in the interstitial space, resulting in a striking increase in convective exchange of cerebrospinal fluid with interstitial fluid. In turn, convective fluxes of interstitial fluid increased the rate of β-amyloid clearance during sleep. Thus, the restorative function of sleep may be a consequence of the enhanced removal of potentially neurotoxic waste products that accumulate in the awake central nervous system.