gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth factors: Regulation of normal and neoplastic growth (1993)

This paper presents an overview of current trends in growth factor research. The first part of the review considers the current classification of growth factors and their receptors. A model of cell proliferation regulation by growth factors is then presented. The final section reviews the latest concepts of the involvement of growth factors in the development of neoplasia.
Karnofsky memorial lecture. The low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: challenges and opportunities. (1985)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.3.299 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3882893 Karnofsky memorial lecture. The low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: challenges and opportunities. S A RosenbergxS A RosenbergSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1985.3.3.299 First Page PDF © 1985 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Ketamine Decreases Resting State Functional Network Connectivity in Healthy Subjects: Implications for Antidepressant Drug Action (2012)

Increasing preclinical and clinical evidence underscores the strong and rapid antidepressant properties of the glutamate-modulating NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine. Targeting the glutamatergic system might thus provide a novel molecular strategy for antidepressant treatment. Since glutamate is the most abundant and major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, pathophysiological changes in glutamatergic signaling are likely to affect neurobehavioral plasticity, information processing and large-scale changes in functional brain connectivity underlying certain symptoms of major depressive disorder. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), the "dorsal nexus "(DN) was recently identified as a bilateral dorsal medial prefrontal cortex region showing dramatically increased depression-associated functional connectivity with large portions of a cognitive control network (CCN), the default mode network (DMN), and a rostral affective network (AN). Hence, Sheline and colleagues (2010) proposed that reducing increased connectivity of the DN might play a critical role in reducing depression symptomatology and thus represent a potential therapy target for affective disorders. Here, using a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover rsfMRI challenge in healthy subjects we demonstrate that ketamine decreases functional connectivity of the DMN to the DN and to the pregenual anterior cingulate (PACC) and medioprefrontal cortex (MPFC) via its representative hub, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). These findings in healthy subjects may serve as a model to elucidate potential biomechanisms that are addressed by successful treatment of major depression. This notion is further supported by the temporal overlap of our observation of subacute functional network modulation after 24 hours with the peak of efficacy following an intravenous ketamine administration in treatment-resistant depression.
Optical Absorption Enhancement in Silicon Nanohole Arrays for Solar Photovoltaics (2010)

We investigate silicon nanohole arrays as light absorbing structures for solar photovoltaics via simulation. To obtain the same ultimate efficiency as a standard 300 microm crystalline silicon wafer, we find that nanohole arrays require twelve times less silicon by mass. Moreover, our calculations show that nanohole arrays have an efficiency superior to nanorod arrays for practical thicknesses. With well-established fabrication techniques, nanohole arrays have great potential for efficient solar photovoltaics.
RF non-linearities from Si-based substrates (2014)

In this paper, RF performance and non-linearity analysis of different silicon substrates including standard, porous, high-resistivity (HR) and trap-rich HR types (TR) are explored experimentally and by simulation. The investigation is done by means of coplanar transmission lines (CPW) fabricated on these substrates. It is demonstrated that TR-Si characteristics in terms of high resistivity, attenuation and linearity are effectively enhanced.
Genetic transformation of intact cells of Bacillus subtilis by electroporation (1990)

Plasmids DNAs were introduced by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis PB1424 as an alternative to competent-cell or protoplast transformation. The maximum electroporation efficiency was 104 transformants/μg DNA. Parameters including growth phase of cells, ionic strength of the suspending medium, concentration and size of plasmid DNAs, amplitude and duration of the pulse, were evaluated in order to determine conditions that improved transformations efficiency.
Solubilization of polymers by ionic liquids (2006)

Because of the unique characteristics of ionic liquids, novel polymer-containing materials in which ionic liquids play an important part are currently under intense scrutiny. The ionic liquid may be used as a medium in which polymerizations take place or into which a polymer may be dissolved or dispersed to enable a further chemical transformation or materials processing step to be carried out. Ionic liquid functionality may also be incorporated into the polymer itself, by the use of suitably derivatized monomers, by a post-polymerization reaction or simply by the formation of a composite comprising (at least) a polymer and an ionic liquid. The use of ionic liquids in such chemical and material processing necessitates an appreciation of their effect on reactivity and the forces that govern solubility and solvation. These topics are at an early stage of investigation, none more so than in respect of polymers and polymerization. This review surveys published material up to July 2006 relevant to polymer solubility and solubilization in ionic liquids.
Linoleate and α-linolenate synthesis by isolated spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts (1979)

Diacylgalactosylglycerol synthesis was a prerequisite for the incorporation of [1-14C]-acetate into linoleate and alpha-linolenate of isolated spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. Oleate at position 1 of diacylgalactosylglycerol was desaturated to linoleate and alpha-linolenate both in the light and in the dark. Some desaturation of palmitate was also observed after prolonged incubations.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Tolerability of GS-9851, a Nucleotide Analog Polymerase Inhibitor, following Multiple Ascending Doses in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection (2012)

We conducted this double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomized, multiple-ascending-dose study to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of GS-9851 (formerly PSI-7851) in treatment-naïve patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1. Thirty-two patients received active doses up to 400 mg of GS-9851 once daily for 3 days. GS-9851 and the metabolite GS-566500 (formerly PSI-352707) were rapidly cleared from the plasma, with half-life (t(1/2)) values of approximately 1 h for GS-9851 and 3 h for GS-566500. Accumulation (21%) was observed only for GS-331007 (formerly PSI-6206) after multiple dosing. GS-331007 was the primary drug-related moiety in the plasma and urine. Increases in the GS-9851, GS-566500, and GS-331007 maximum concentrations in plasma (C(max)) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were less than dose proportional, particularly at the highest doses. The decline in plasma HCV RNA levels was dose dependent, and a mean maximal change from the baseline of -1.95 log(10) IU/ml was obtained for 400 mg GS-9851, compared with -0.090 log(10) IU/ml for the placebo. Most patients had a decrease in HCV RNA of ≥1.0 log(10) IU/ml after 3 days' dosing with 400 mg GS-9851. No virologic resistance was observed. GS-9851 was generally well tolerated, with no notable differences in adverse event frequency across doses. The pharmacokinetic profile observed in this study was similar to that seen in a single-ascending-dose study in healthy subjects.
Quadrature mirror filter design for an arbitrary number of equal bandwidth channels (1985)

The two-channel quadrature mirror filter structure of Croisier and Esteban may be extended to an arbitrary number of equal bandwidth channels, given certain restrictions on the bandpass filters. The most serious restriction is that the stopband attenuation of eacli band-pass filter must be high for all frequencies outside twice the nominal 3 dB bandwidth of the filter. This restriction is not really a limiting factor for speech subband waveform coding since high adjacent channel attenuation is a necessity for the confinement of quantization noise. A key feature of our filter structure is that the number of multiplies, adds, and stored coefficients required for implementation is significantly less than those needed for the conventional QMF structure, given the same number of channels. Fortran code for a 16-channel filter structure is listed as an example of efficient implementation.
Citrus essential oils. IV.—Chemical transformations of lime oil (1964)

Abstract A study has been made of some of the chemical transformations which may occur when natural lime oil is distilled from or kept in contact with lime juice. The results help to account for the differences in aroma and flavour between natural and distilled lime oils and between fresh and stored lime juice.
A hidden Markov model framework for video segmentation using audio and image features (2002)

This paper describes a technique for segmenting video using hidden Markov models (HMM). Video is segmented into regions defined by shots, shot boundaries, and camera movement within shots. Features for segmentation include an image-based distance between adjacent video frames, an audio distance based on the acoustic difference in intervals just before and after the frames, and an estimate of motion between the two frames. Typical video segmentation algorithms classify shot boundaries by computing an image-based distance between adjacent frames and comparing this distance to fixed, manually determined thresholds. Motion and audio information is used separately. In contrast, our segmentation technique allows features to be combined within the HMM framework. Further, thresholds are not required since automatically trained HMMs take their place. This algorithm has been tested on a video data base, and has been shown to improve the accuracy of video segmentation over standard threshold-based systems.
Secure group communications using key graphs (2000)

Many emerging network applications are based upon a group communications model. As a result, securing group communications, i.e., providing confidentiality, authenticity, and integrity of messages delivered between group members, will become a critical networking issue. We present, in this paper, a novel solution to the scalability problem of group/multicast key management. We formalize the notion of a secure group as a triple (U,K,R) where U denotes a set of users, K a set of keys held by the users, and R a user-key relation. We then introduce key graphs to specify secure groups. For a special class of key graphs, we present three strategies for securely distributing rekey messages after a join/leave and specify protocols for joining and leaving a secure group. The rekeying strategies and join/leave protocols are implemented in a prototype key server we have built. We present measurement results from experiments and discuss performance comparisons. We show that our group key management service, using any of the three rekeying strategies, is scalable to large groups with frequent joins and leaves. In particular, the average measured processing time per join/leave increases linearly with the logarithm of group size.
Control of Nanomolar Interaction and In Situ Assembly of Proteins in Four Dimensions by Light (2013)

Making light work: Photoactivatable multivalent trisNTA compounds have been developed for the in situ labeling and assembly of His-tagged proteins in time and space (see picture). This small light-tunable lock-and-key system offers the opportunity to trigger nanomolar protein interactions, such as receptor clustering, or biotechnological applications, for example, multiprotein arrays.
Radiofrequency Denervation for Neck and Back Pain: A Systematic Review Within the Framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group (2003)

There is limited evidence that radiofrequency denervation offers short-term relief for chronic neck pain of zygapophysial joint origin and for chronic cervicobrachial pain, and conflicting evidence for its effectiveness for lumbar zygapophysial joint pain. There is limited evidence suggesting that intradiscal radiofrequency may not be effective in relieving discogenic low back pain. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed, with larger patient samples and data on long-term effects, for which current evidence is inconclusive.
Size distribution of circulating cell-free DNA in sera of breast cancer patients in the course of adjuvant chemotherapy (2008)

Our findings suggest that non-apoptotic fragments contribute to a higher degree to the change of the DNA level during adjuvant chemotherapy.
Specific targeting of tumor cells by the creatine analog cyclocreatine (1996)

Creatine kinase (CK) an enzyme involved in cellular ATP homeostasis has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Cyclocreatine (CCr) a CK substrate analog was shown to be cytotoxic to a broad spectrum of solid tumors. We have measured and compared the CK activity and CCr sensitivity of 49 transformed and non-transformed cell lines. Among tumor cell lines, there was a strong correlation between the two (p = 0.0026, regression analysis); cell lines expressing high levels of CK (>0.10 Units/mg protein) were generally sensitive to the drug and cell lines with low CK were resistant. Tumor cell lines highest in CK and most sensitive to CCr were derived from prostate, small cell lung and neuronal tissue. The hematopoetic tumor lines tested were generally low in CK and all were resistant to CCr. Fourteen non-transformed cell lines were examined and all were resistant to the compound, including six with high levels of CK. Thus, CCr preferentially targeted tumor cells. Further, CCr inhibited tumor cell proliferation more efficiently than macromolecular synthesis indicating that, rather than exerting a general effect on energy metabolism, CCr may act on a specific pathway involved in controlling tumor cell proliferation.
Surface Coordination Chemistry of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (1998)

The surface coordination chemistry of the cuprate superconductor, YBa2Cu3O7-δ has been extensively surveyed using cyclic voltammetry in conjunction with a series of redox-active ferrocenyl containing adsorbate molecules. Evidence supporting the adsorption of molecules with primary alkylamine, secondary alkylamine, tertiary alkylamine, arylamine, thiol, disulfide, and selenol functionalities is reported. Cyclic voltammetry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and resistivity vs temperature measurements were utilized to evaluate the influence of the modification conditions on the bulk and surface properties of the high-Tc superconductor. The spontaneous adsorption of redox-active alkylamines, arylamines, and thiols onto the surfaces of cuprate materials has been shown to produce stable and robust monolayer films with no apparent damage to the bulk properties of the underlying superconductors. Of the molecules studied thus far, primary alkylamines have been determined to be the optimum adsorbates based upon surface coverage values and monolayer durability. Tertiary alkylamines form monolayers on YBa2Cu3O7-δ with an electrochemical persistence comparable to primary alkylamine monolayers, suggesting that hydrogen binding with the surface is not necessary for adsorption. We propose that amines act as Lewis bases and bind to Lewis acidic Cu surface site(s) in YBa2Cu3O7-δ to form stable coordination bond(s).
Dopant segregated Schottky barrier nanowire transistors using low-temperature microwave annealed ytterbium silicide (2014)

Thermal budget is one of the major concerns to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) transistors using practical CMOS technologies. In this work, low-temperature microwave annealing is utilized for the fabrication of dopant segregated Schottky barrier gate-all-around nanowire transistors. Low electron Schottky barrier of ytterbium silicide was combined with Phosphorus segregation to form metallic source/drain for high-performance N-channel nanowire transistors. Effects of microwave annealing on metal silicidation as well as dopants segregation are intensively examined by comparing with those using rapid thermal annealing. The minimum microwave power of 200% and processing time of 200 s can be used during annealing to minimize the thermal energy while retaining sufficient activation and silicidation. Experimental results show that the microwave annealing produce better electrical characteristics of dopant segregated Schottky barrier nanowire transistors, serving as a promising approach to fabricate metallic source/drain nanowire transistors for future 3D integration of CMOS technologies.
First Human Exposure of Org 25969, a Novel Agent to Reverse the Action of Rocuronium Bromide (2005)

Org 25969 was both well tolerated and effective in reversing neuromuscular block induced by rocuronium in 29 human volunteers.
dc track edge interactions (1991)

We have developed an experimental method for investigating the interaction between two dc track edges by studying the track edge noise. We conclude that two edges do not interact when they are several micrometers apart, but the noise reduces nearly to zero when their separation is less than about half a micrometer. There is a transition region that exists between these two limits. The net track edge noise power from two dc edges is quantized, implying that in our experiment track edges interact around the complete revolution of the disk or not at all.
The mouse macrophage receptor for C3bi (CR3) is a major mechanism in the phagocytosis of Leishmania promastigotes. (1985)

We examined the role of the macrophage receptor for C3bi, the CR3, in the phagocytosis of Leishmania major promastigotes and report that M1/70, a monoclonal antibody to the CR3, inhibited the binding of leishmania to macrophages both when the assays were performed in the presence of normal serum and in its absence. In serum, leishmania activate complement and fix C3. Fixation and subsequent cleavage to C3bi occurs rapidly, and by as early as 5 min both forms of the molecule can be identified on the parasites' surface. Complement fixation results in an enhanced phagocytosis of leishmania promastigotes by mouse macrophages. In the case of L. major, 63% of this serum-enhanced binding is inhibitable by M1/70. Binding assays were also performed in the absence of serum with the use of thoroughly washed promastigotes. The addition of M1/70 inhibited binding under these conditions by 54%. Two other rat monoclonal antibodies directed against different antigens on the macrophage plasma membrane did not inhibit binding. M1/70 did not inhibit the binding of promastigotes to rat bone marrow cells, nor did it inhibit IgG-SRBC binding to mouse peritoneal macrophages. These data indicate that the inhibition observed in the presence of M1/70 was specific for the CR3 and that the macrophage receptor for C3bi plays a major role in the phagocytosis of Leishmania major promastigotes, even in the absence of serum.
A Novel Class of Orally Active Non-Peptide Bradykinin B2 Receptor Antagonists. 2. Overcoming the Species Difference between Guinea Pig and Man (1998)

Recently we reported the identification of a series of 8-[[3-(N-acylglycyl-N-methylamino)-2, 6-dichlorobenzyl]oxy]-3-halo-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines as the first orally active non-peptide bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor antagonists (1-3). These compounds inhibited the specific binding of [3H]BK to guinea pig ileum membrane preparations expressing B2 receptors with nanomolar IC50's and also displayed in vivo functional antagonistic activities against BK-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs at 1 mg/kg by oral administration. However, it was found that their affinities for the B2 receptors in human A-431 cells (human epidermoid carcinoma) were much lower. Intensive modifications of the terminal substituents at the glycine moiety elucidated the structure-activity relationships (SAR) for human B2 receptors, leading to an extended basic framework which incorporated a novel key pharmacophore. Thus, we overcame the species difference and identified the first clinical candidate 18c (FR167344) with IC50's of 0.66 and 1.4 nM for guinea pig ileum and human A-431 cells, respectively. This compound displayed in vivo functional antagonistic activity against BK-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs with an ED50 value of 0.17 mg/kg by oral administration. This novel non-peptide B2 antagonist is extremely potent both in vitro and in vivo by oral administration and is expected to be the first member of a new class of drug for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
Aα and Bβ chains of fibrinogen stimulate proliferation of human fibroblasts (1993)

During blood coagulation and wound healing, fibrinogen polymerises to form a fibrin matrix, providing a substratum over which connective tissue cells migrate and proliferate. Although a number of growth factors have been implicated in this process, a possible role for the fibrin(ogen) molecules themselves has not been considered. In this study we have investigated the ability of the constituent chains of fibrin(ogen) to induce fibroblast replication. Fibrinogen chains (A alpha 1, A alpha 2, B beta and gamma) were separated by cation exchange chromatography and their mitogenic activity was assessed before and after treatment with thrombin. The A alpha 1, A alpha 2 and B beta chains where all found to stimulate fibroblast replication (23 +/- 2.9%, 29.2 +/- 5.3% and 31.4 +/- 5% stimulation above control, respectively) and on the addition of thrombin this activity was enhanced. No activity was observed in the gamma chain before or after treatment with thrombin. These results indicate that growth promoting activity is inherent in fibrin(ogen) structure, suggesting a novel mechanism for fibroblast proliferation during wound healing.
Predictable Investment Horizons and Wealth Transfers among Mutual Fund Shareholders (2004)

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the distribution of investment horizons in a large, proprietary panel of all shareholders in one no‐load mutual fund family. A proportional hazards model shows that there are observable shareholder characteristics that enable the fund to predict reliably on the day each account is opened whether the account will be short term or long term. Simulations show that the liquidity costs imposed on the fund by the expected short‐term shareholders are significantly greater than those imposed by the expected long‐term shareholders. Combining these results, the analysis argues that mutual funds do not provide equitable liquidity‐risk insurance.
Smoke-Free Policies in U.S. Prisons and Jails: A Review of the Literature (2014)

Smoke-free policies have become increasingly common in prisons and jails, but evidence suggests they are not consistently implemented. Future studies should examine the health and economic outcomes of smoke-free policies in prisons and jails. By implementing smoke-free policies, prisons and jails have an opportunity to improve the health of staff and inmates.