gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelength stabilisation of a three-electrode distributedBragg reflector laser with longitudinal mode control (1997)

The lasing wavelength of a tunable three-electrode distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser is stabilised while also suppressing mode hopping. Wavelength stabilisation at four different wavelengths was maintained during a laser temperature change from 15 to 30°C, and the temperature dependence of the wavelength was reduced to &lt;0.007 nm/K.
Determination of the Consensus Binding Site for MEF2 Expressed in Muscle and Brain Reveals Tissue-specific Sequence Constraints (1995)

The myocyte-specific enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) proteins are expressed in the three major types of muscle (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth) and function as transcriptional activators of muscle-specific and growth factor-regulated genes through binding to a canonical A/T-rich cis-element. Although MEF2 proteins are also expressed in brain, MEF2-regulated muscle-specific gene products are not detected in this tissue. To gain insight into the regulation of MEF2 function in vivo, we have selected its optimal DNA targets from a library of degenerate oligonucleotides using anti-MEF2A antibodies and cell extracts from skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. The consensus binding site in these three tissues contains an indistinguishable core motif, 5'-CT(A/t)(a/t)AAATAG-3'. However, the optimal target for MEF2 expressed in the brain shows additional sequence constraints (5'-TGTTACT(A/t)(a/t)AAATAGA(A/t)-3') that are not observed in the sequences selected with skeletal and cardiac muscle extracts. Thus, differences in DNA binding preferences of MEF2 proteins in muscle and brain may contribute to tissue-specific gene expression during myogenesis and neurogenesis.
Cleavage and activation of proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 on human neutrophils by gingipain‐R from Porphyromonas gingivalis (1998)

Gingipain-R, the major arginine-specific proteinase from Porphyromonas gingivalis, a causative agent of adult periodontal disease, was found to cleave a model peptide representing the cleavage site of proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), a G-protein-coupled receptor found on the surface of neutrophils. The bacterial proteinase was also shown to induce an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration of enzyme-treated neutrophils, most probably due to PAR-2 activation. This response by neutrophils to gingipain-R may be a mechanism for the development of inflammation associated with periodontal disease.
Analysis of Protein Complexes in Wheat Amyloplasts Reveals Functional Interactions among Starch Biosynthetic Enzymes (2008)

Protein-protein interactions among enzymes of amylopectin biosynthesis were investigated in developing wheat (Triticum aestivum) endosperm. Physical interactions between starch branching enzymes (SBEs) and starch synthases (SSs) were identified from endosperm amyloplasts during the active phase of starch deposition in the developing grain using immunoprecipitation and cross-linking strategies. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments using peptide-specific antibodies indicate that at least two distinct complexes exist containing SSI, SSIIa, and either of SBEIIa or SBEIIb. Chemical cross linking was used to identify protein complexes containing SBEs and SSs from amyloplast extracts. Separation of extracts by gel filtration chromatography demonstrated the presence of SBE and SS forms in protein complexes of around 260 kD and that SBEII forms may also exist as homodimers. Analysis of cross-linked 260-kD aggregation products from amyloplast lysates by mass spectrometry confirmed SSI, SSIIa, and SBEII forms as components of one or more protein complexes in amyloplasts. In vitro phosphorylation experiments with gamma-(32)P-ATP indicated that SSII and both forms of SBEII are phosphorylated. Treatment of the partially purified 260-kD SS-SBE complexes with alkaline phosphatase caused dissociation of the assembly into the respective monomeric proteins, indicating that formation of SS-SBE complexes is phosphorylation dependent. The 260-kD SS-SBEII protein complexes are formed around 10 to 15 d after pollination and were shown to be catalytically active with respect to both SS and SBE activities. Prior to this developmental stage, SSI, SSII, and SBEII forms were detectable only in monomeric form. High molecular weight forms of SBEII demonstrated a higher affinity for in vitro glucan substrates than monomers. These results provide direct evidence for the existence of protein complexes involved in amylopectin biosynthesis.
A deletion unit on chromosome 17q in epithelial ovarian tumors distal to the familial breast/ovarian cancer locus. (1993)

Linkage analysis in familial breast and ovarian cancer and studies of allelic deletion in sporadic ovarian tumors have suggested that chromosome 17q may be the location of a gene of importance in ovarian carcinogenesis. We have examined tumor and normal DNA samples from 120 patients with ovarian tumors for allelic deletion at 12 loci on chromosome 17q. Allelic deletion was observed in 64 cases (53%) of which 56 showed loss of heterozygosity at all loci analyzed on 17q. The pattern of allele loss at metastatic sites was consistent with loss of heterozygosity having occurred prior to metastasis. A common region of deletion, defined by 6 cases of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer and a benign serous cystadenoma, spanned 16 cM and was delimited by nm23 and GH. This region is distal to the region on chromosome 17q to which the familial breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility gene has been mapped. The results suggest that a tumor suppressor gene involved in sporadic ovarian carcinogenesis is located on the distal portion of chromosome 17q and is distinct from the gene linked to familial cases.
Instrument Development of the UNC Dry Eye Management Scale (2014)

The UNC DEMS is a valid, reliable questionnaire that can be efficiently administered in a busy clinical practice and can be used to support the management of patients with DED.
Electrical stability and microstructural evolution in thin films of high conductivity copper alloys (2003)

Alloys of copper with /spl sim/2 at.% Mg or 0.5 at.% Al (with an electrical resistivity of /spl sim/2 /spl mu//spl Omega/-cm) have been investigated for interconnect applications. The electrical properties of MOS capacitors using these alloys as metals and microstructure evaluation using high resolution planar and cross-sectional imaging techniques were used to examine the stability of such structures. Results supported by Rutherford backscattering, X-ray diffraction, sheet-resistance, and SIMS measurements are discussed, and support and elucidate the behavior and excellent stability of Cu-Mg capacitors.
<title>Acquisition of 3D urban models by analysis of aerial images, digital surface models, and existing 2D building information</title> (1997)

For a task like 3D building reconstruction, there are three main data sources carrying information which is reburied for a highly automated data acquisition. These data sources are aerial images, digital surface models (DSM), which can either be derived by stereo matching from aerial images or be directly measured by scanning laser systems, and -- at least for highly developed countries -- existing (2D) GIS information on the ground plan or usage of buildings. The way these different data sources should be utilized by a process of 3D building reconstruction depends on the distinctive characteristics of the different, partly complementary type of information they contain. Image data contains much information, but just this complexity causes enormous problems for the automatic interpretation of this data type. The GIS as a secondary data source provides information on the 2D shape, i.e. the ground plan of a building, which is very reliable, although information on the third dimension is missing and therefore has to be provided by other data sources. As the information of a DSM is restricted to surface geometry, the interpretation of this kind of data is easier compared to the interpretation of image data. Nevertheless, due to insufficient spatial resolution or quality of the DSM, optimal results can only be achieved by the combination of all data sources. Within this paper two approaches aiming on the combination of aerial images, digital surface models and existing ground plans for the reconstruction of three- dimensional building reconstructions are demonstrated.
Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine (2006)

Photoacoustic imaging (also called optoacoustic or thermoacoustic imaging) has the potential to image animal or human organs, such as the breast and the brain, with simultaneous high contrast and high spatial resolution. This article provides an overview of the rapidly expanding field of photoacoustic imaging for biomedical applications. Imaging techniques, including depth profiling in layered media, scanning tomography with focused ultrasonic transducers, image forming with an acoustic lens, and computed tomography with unfocused transducers, are introduced. Special emphasis is placed on computed tomography, including reconstruction algorithms, spatial resolution, and related recent experiments. Promising biomedical applications are discussed throughout the text, including (1) tomographic imaging of the skin and other superficial organs by laser-induced photoacoustic microscopy, which offers the critical advantages, over current high-resolution optical imaging modalities, of deeper imaging depth and higher absorption contrasts, (2) breast cancer detection by near-infrared light or radio-frequency–wave-induced photoacoustic imaging, which has important potential for early detection, and (3) small animal imaging by laser-induced photoacoustic imaging, which measures unique optical absorption contrasts related to important biochemical information and provides better resolution in deep tissues than optical imaging.
Cerebral Blood Flow During Migraine Attacks Without Aura and Effect of Sumatriptan (1995)

Migraine attacks without aura and treatment of the attacks with 6 mg of subcutaneous sumatriptan are not associated with detectable focal changes of the rCBF.
전자무역전문서비스업자와 관련한 법적 문제점 및 개선방안 (2007)

정보통신 기술의 발전이 무역업계에 확산되며 전통적 무역관습에 상당한 영향을 미치게 되었고 이는 전자무역의 등장 원인이 되었다. 산업자원부에 의해 개정된 우리나라의 대외무역법은 외국기업과 거래관계를 개설하고 외국기업과 전자서류를 교환하도록 전자무역중개기관이 국내업체를 지원할 수 있도록 규정하였다. 
오늘날 전자무역중개기관은 전자무역전문서비스업자로 대체되어...
Macroeconomic Variables, Firm-Specific Variables and Returns to REITs (1998)

This study investigates the cross-sectional variation in equity real estate investment trusts (EREITs) returns. A pooled cross-sectional, time-series approach is used as an alternative to the two-step Fama-MacBeth regression. With pooling, more powerful tests can be obtained from the limited sample of EREITs available. Beta does not explain return variation. Size is the sole consistent factor explaining prices. None of the variables of Chen, Roll and Ross (1986) is significant when size and book-to-market variables are included in the model. Only the unanticipated change in term structure is significant in versions of the model that exclude firm-specific variables.
Production of Salicylic Acid Precursors Is a Major Function of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase in the Resistance of Arabidopsis to Peronospora parasitica. (1996)

Arabidopsis ecotype Columbia (Col-0) seedlings, transformed with a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 promoter (PAL1)-[beta]-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter construct, were inoculated with virulent and avirulent isolates of Peronospora parasitica. The PAL1 promoter was constitutively active in the light in vascular tissue but was induced only in the vicinity of fungal structures in the incompatible interaction. A double-staining procedure was developed to distinguish between GUS activity and fungal structures. The PAL1 promoter was activated in cells undergoing lignification in the incompatible interaction in response to the pathogen. Pretreatment of the seedlings with 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP), a highly specific PAL inhibitor, made the plants completely susceptible. Lignification was suppressed after AIP treatment, and surprisingly, pathogen-induced PAL1 promoter activity could not be detected. Treatment of the seedlings with 2-hydroxyphenylaminosulphinyl acetic acid (1,1-dimethyl ester) (OH-PAS), a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor specific for the lignification pathway, also caused a shift toward susceptibility, but the effect was not as pronounced as it was with AIP. Significantly, although OH-PAS suppressed pathogen-induced lignification, it did not suppress pathogen-induced PAL1 promoter activation. Salicylic acid (SA), supplied to AIP-treated plants, restored resistance and both pathogen-induced lignification and activation of the PAL1 promoter. Endogenous SA levels increased significantly in the incompatible but not in the compatible combination, and this increase was suppressed by AIP but not by OH-PAS. These results provide evidence of the central role of SA in genetically determined plant disease resistance and show that lignification per se, although providing a component of the resistance mechanism, is not the deciding factor between resistance and susceptibility.
Proteomic Profiling of Neuromas Reveals Alterations in Protein Composition and Local Protein Synthesis in Hyper-Excitable Nerves (2008)

Neuropathic pain may arise following peripheral nerve injury though the molecular mechanisms associated with this are unclear. We used proteomic profiling to examine changes in protein expression associated with the formation of hyper-excitable neuromas derived from rodent saphenous nerves. A two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) profiling strategy was employed to examine protein expression changes between developing neuromas and normal nerves in whole tissue lysates. We found around 200 proteins which displayed a >1.75-fold change in expression between neuroma and normal nerve and identified 55 of these proteins using mass spectrometry. We also used immunoblotting to examine the expression of low-abundance ion channels Nav1.3, Nav1.8 and calcium channel alpha2delta-1 subunit in this model, since they have previously been implicated in neuronal hyperexcitability associated with neuropathic pain. Finally, S35methionine in vitro labelling of neuroma and control samples was used to demonstrate local protein synthesis of neuron-specific genes. A number of cytoskeletal proteins, enzymes and proteins associated with oxidative stress were up-regulated in neuromas, whilst overall levels of voltage-gated ion channel proteins were unaffected. We conclude that altered mRNA levels reported in the somata of damaged DRG neurons do not necessarily reflect levels of altered proteins in hyper-excitable damaged nerve endings. An altered repertoire of protein expression, local protein synthesis and topological re-arrangements of ion channels may all play important roles in neuroma hyper-excitability.
Universally applicable three-dimensional hydrodynamic microfluidic flow focusing (2013)

We have demonstrated a microfluidic device that can not only achieve three-dimensional flow focusing but also confine particles to the center stream along the channel. The device has a sample channel of smaller height and two sheath flow channels of greater height, merged into the downstream main channel where 3D focusing effects occur. We have demonstrated that both beads and cells in our device display significantly lower CVs in velocity and position distributions as well as reduced probability of coincidental events than they do in conventional 2D-confined microfluidic channels. The improved particle confinement in the microfluidic channel is highly desirable for microfluidic flow cytometers and in fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We have also reported a novel method to measure the velocity of each individual particle in the microfluidic channel. The method is compatible with the flow cytometer setup and requires no sophisticated visualization equipment. The principles and methods of device design and characterization can be applicable to many types of microfluidic systems.
Neural control of renal function: cardiovascular implications. (1989)

The innervation of the kidney serves to function of its component parts, for example, the blood vessels, the nephron (glomerulus, tubule), and the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Alterations in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity produce significant changes in renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, the reabsorption of water, sodium, and other ions, and the release of renin, prostaglandins, and other vasoactive substances. These functional effects contribute significantly to the renal regulation of total body sodium and fluid volumes with important implications for the control of arterial pressure. The renal nerves, both efferent and afferent, are known to be important contributors to the pathogenesis of hypertension. In addition, the efferent renal nerves participate in the mediation of the excessive renal sodium retention, which characterizes edema-forming states such as congestive heart failure. Thus, the renal nerves play an important role in overall cardiovascular homeostasis in both normal and pathological conditions.
Multicenter Collaborative Panic Disorder Severity Scale (1997)

To address the lack of a simple and standardized instrument to assess overall panic disorder severity, the authors developed a scale for the measurement of panic disorder severity.Ten independent evaluators used the seven-item Panic Disorder Severity Scale to assess 186 patients with principal DSM-III-R diagnoses of panic disorder (with no or mild agoraphobia) who were participating in the Multicenter Collaborative Treatment Study of Panic Disorder. In addition, 89 of these patients were reevaluated with the same scale after short-term treatment. A subset of 24 patients underwent two independent assessments to establish interrater reliability. Internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and sensitivity to change were also determined.The Panic Disorder Severity Scale was associated with excellent interrater reliability, moderate internal consistency, and favorable levels of validity and sensitivity to change. Individual items showed good convergent and discriminant validity. Analysis suggested a two-factor model fit the data best.The Panic Disorder Severity Scale is a simple, efficient way for clinicians to rate severity in patients with established diagnoses of panic disorder. However, further research with more diverse groups of panic disorder patients and with a broader range of convergent and discriminant validity measures is needed.
High-Resolution Molecular Discrimination by RNA (1994)

Species of RNA that bind with high affinity and specificity to the bronchodilator theophylline were identified by selection from an oligonucleotide library. One RNA molecule binds to theophylline with a dissociation constant Kd of 0.1 microM. This binding affinity is 10,000-fold greater than the RNA molecule's affinity for caffeine, which differs from theophylline only by a methyl group at nitrogen atom N-7. Analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance indicates that this RNA molecule undergoes a significant change in its conformation or dynamics upon theophylline binding. Binding studies of compounds chemically related to theophylline have revealed structural features required for the observed binding specificity. These results demonstrate the ability of RNA molecules to exhibit an extremely high degree of ligand recognition and discrimination.
Improvement in Outcomes of Clinical Islet Transplantation: 1999–2010 (2012)

The CITR shows improvement in primary efficacy and safety outcomes of islet transplantation in recipients who received transplants in 2007-2010 compared with those in 1999-2006, with fewer islet infusions and adverse events per recipient.
Risk of Herpes Zoster in Children With Leukemia: Varicella Vaccine Compared With History of Chickenpox (1986)

A study was undertaken to determine whether children immunized with live varicella vaccine are at greater risk of acquiring herpes zoster than children who have had varicella. Children with acute lymphocytic leukemia who had had varicella were compared with those who received live varicella vaccine. During the period of observation, 15 of 73 children who had varicella acquired herpes zoster and none of the 34 children who had been vaccinated. If the time of observation was adjusted for and the vaccinees who failed to have a sustained antibody response or who acquired chickenpox were removed, the risk of herpes zoster was still less in vaccinees (P = .0075). Because herpes zoster is common in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia, differences in the two groups could be discerned more readily than if normal children were compared. There is no reason to suspect that recipients of live varicella vaccine would be more likely to acquire herpes zoster than children who get varicella.
A Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTIL)‐Mediated, Non‐Hydrolytic Sol–Gel Methodology to Prepare Molecularly Imprinted, Silica‐Based Hybrid Monoliths for Chiral Separation (2006)

Silica-based hybrid molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) monoliths with good chiral recognition ability are synthesized (see figure) using a novel method, a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-mediated, non-hydrolytic sol–gel technique. The approach avoids the cracking and shrinking of the bed during drying, which is commonly associated with conventional sol–gel processing, overcomes the shortcomings associated with conventional organic-polymer-based MIP matrices, and offers improved selectivity.
Content-based browsing of video sequences (1994)

A novel methodology to represent the contents of a video sequence is presented. The representation is used to allow the user to rapidly view a video sequence in order to find a particular point within the sequence and/or to decide whether the contents of the sequence are relevant to his or her needs. This system, referred to as content-based browsing, forms an abstraction to represent each shot of the sequence by using a representative frame, or an Rframe, and it includes management techniques to allow the user to easily navigate the Rframes. This methodology is superior to the current techniques of fast forward and rewind because rather than using every frame to view and judge the contents, only a few abstractions are used. Therefore, the need to retrieve the video from a storage system and to transmit every frame over the network in its entirety no longer exists, saving time, expenses, and bandwidth.
Best Minimally Modified Antisense Oligonucleotides According to Cell Nuclease Activity (2001)

Minimally modified oligonucleotides belong to the second-generation antisense class. They are phosphodiester oligonucleotides with a minimum of phosphorothioate linkages in order to be protected against serum and cellular exonucleases and endonucleases. They activate RNase H, have weak interactions with proteins, and have thus a better antisense efficiency. Two of them have been designed from an all-phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide directed against mdrl-expressing cells. They are protected against serum and cellular enzymatic degradation by the self-forming hairpin d(GCGAAGC) at their 3'-end and by judiciously located phosphorothioate residues, depending on the cellular composition in exonucleases or endonucleases. Besides their already demonstrated ability to cleave pyrimidine sites, endonucleases show some specificity for CpG sites. Their activity is hindered if specific sites are involved in secondary structure as hairpin.