gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variables Affecting Time to Bone Healing During Limb Lengthening (1994)

Radiographs and charts of 114 consecutive patients who underwent 140 lower-extremity bone-segment lengthening procedures using the Ilizarov external fixator were reviewed. Patient age, bone segment (femur, tibia), corticotomy level (metaphyseal, diaphyseal, double level), and distraction gap (DG) were recorded. Distraction-consolidation time (DCT) was defined as the interval in months from the date of the corticotomy until the DG was healed according to radiographic and manual testing criteria. Distraction-consolidation time had a direct linear relationship with the magnitude of the DG. Distraction--consolidation time versus DG was significantly less for femoral than tibial lengthening. Patients 20 years and older healed slower than patients younger than the age of 20 years. Patients 20 to 29 years old healed faster than patients older than 30 years and slower than patients younger than 20 years. Diaphyseal lengthening healed more slowly than metaphyseal lengthening. Double-level lengthening reduced the DCT when the DG was greater than 4 cm. Distraction--consolidation index--DCT divided by DG--was not a constant. Distraction--consolidation index decreased with increasing DG. To facilitate prediction of bone-healing time, graphs were developed demonstrating the average treatment time +/- 2 SD expected for a specific amount of lengthening, considering the bone segment, the level of osteotomy, and the age of the patient.
The Presence of a Fibrotic Focus Is an Independent Predictor of Early Metastasis in Lymph Node-Negative Breast Cancer Patients (2001)

Colpaert, Cecile M.D.; Vermeulen, Peter M.D., Ph.D.; Van Marck, Eric M.D., Ph.D.; Dirix, Luc M.D., Ph.D. Author Information
Solvent-Induced Aggregation through Metal···Metal/π···π Interactions:  Large Solvatochromism of Luminescent Organoplatinum(II) Terpyridyl Complexes (2002)

A dramatic color change and tremendous emission enhancement have been "switched on" upon increasing diethyl ether ratio in acetonitrile or acetone solution of [Pt(tpy)(CC-CCH)]OTf, attributed to the formation of Pt...Pt and pi-pi interactions. Two crystal forms (dark-green and red) of [Pt(tpy)(CC-CCH)]OTf, together with [Pt(tBu3-tpy)(CC-CCH)]OTf, show different crystal-packing modes as revealed by X-ray crystallography.
Rev Proteins of Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Enhance RNA Encapsidation (2007)

The main function attributed to the Rev proteins of immunodeficiency viruses is the shuttling of viral RNAs containing the Rev responsive element (RRE) via the CRM-1 export pathway from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This restricts expression of structural proteins to the late phase of the lentiviral replication cycle. Using Rev-independent gag-pol expression plasmids of HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus and lentiviral vector constructs, we have observed that HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus Rev enhanced RNA encapsidation 20- to 70-fold, correlating well with the effect of Rev on vector titers. In contrast, cytoplasmic vector RNA levels were only marginally affected by Rev. Binding of Rev to the RRE or to a heterologous RNA element was required for Rev-mediated enhancement of RNA encapsidation. In addition to specific interactions of nucleocapsid with the packaging signal at the 5' end of the genome, the Rev/RRE system provides a second mechanism contributing to preferential encapsidation of genomic lentiviral RNA.
GLYCOLYSIS MUTANTS IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (1978)

Mutants have been isolated in S. cerevisiae with the phenotype of growth on pyruvate but not on glucose, or growth on rich medium with pyruvate but inhibition by glucose. Screening of mutagenized cultures was either without an enrichment step, or after enrichment using the antibiotic netropsin (Young et al. 1976) or inositol starvation (Henry, Donahue and Culbertson 1975). One class of mutants lacked pyruvate kinase (pyk), another class had all the enzymes of glycolysis, and one mutant lacked phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi, Maitra 1971). Partial reversion of pyruvate kinase mutants on rich medium containing glucose gave double mutants now also lacking hexokinase (hxk), phosphofructokinase (fk), or several enzymes of glycolysis (gcr). In diploids the mutations were recessive. pyk, pgi, pfk, and gcr segregated 2:2 from their wild-type alleles. PYK hxk, PYK pfk, and PYK gcr segregrants grew on glucose.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Systematic Review (2011)

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a disorder characterized by amyloid deposition in the walls of leptomeningeal and cortical arteries, arterioles, and less often capillaries and veins of the central nervous system. CAA occurs mostly as a sporadic condition in the elderly, its incidence associating with advancing age. All sporadic CAA cases are due to deposition of amyloid-β, originating from proteolytic cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor Protein. Hereditary forms of CAA are generally familial (and therefore rare in the general population), more severe and earlier in onset. CAA-related lobar intracerebral hemorrhage is the most well-studied clinical condition associated with brain amyloid deposition. Despite ever increasing understanding of CAA pathogenesis and availability of reliable clinical and diagnostic tools, preventive and therapeutic options remain very limited. Further research efforts are required in order to identify biological targets for novel CAA treatment strategies. We present a systematic review of existing evidence regarding the epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management of CAA.
Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-Kinase Isozymes Catalyze the Synthesis of 3-Phosphate-containing Phosphatidylinositol Signaling Molecules (1997)

Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinases (PIP5Ks) utilize phosphatidylinositols containing D-3-position phosphates as substrates to form phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate. In addition, type I PIP5Ks phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 3, 4-bisphosphate to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, while type II kinases have less activity toward this substrate. Remarkably, these kinases can convert phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in a concerted reaction. Kinase activities toward the 3-position phosphoinositides are comparable with those seen with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate as the substrate. Therefore, the PIP5Ks can synthesize phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and two 3-phosphate-containing polyphosphoinositides. These unexpected activities position the PIP5Ks as potential participants in the generation of all polyphosphoinositide signaling molecules.
A Multichannel Neuromuscular Microstimulator With Bi-directional Telemetry (2005)

This paper presents a multichannel implantable microstimulator to be used for functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS). The microstimulator receives power and data through wireless RF telemetry and incorporates voltage regulators, clock recovery, data detection, output drivers, and an active on-chip transmitter onto a single BiCMOS IC chip measuring 1.4mmx13.5mm and dissipating only 40mW of power. The chip can deliver programmable amplitude (1-10mA) and duration (1- 256/spl mu/sec) current pulses into tissue through eight on-chip electrodes. An on chip transmitter and integrated coil allow data transmission out on an AM modulated 33MHz RF carrier for closed-loop system control.
Object-oriented modeling and design (1991)

1. Introduction. I. MODELING CONCEPTS. 2. Modeling as a Design Technique. 3. Object Modeling. 4. Advanced Object Modeling. 5. Dynamic Modeling. 6. Functional Modeling. II. DESIGN METHODOLOGY. 7. Methodology Preview. 8. Analysis. 9. System Design. 10. Object Design. 11. Methodology Summary. 12. Comparison of Methodologies. III. IMPLEMENTATION. 13. From Design to Implementation. 14. Programming Style. 15. Object-Oriented Languages. 16. Non-Object-Oriented Languages. 17. Databases. 18. Object Diagram Compiler. 19. Computer Animation. 20. Electrical Distribution Design System. 21. Future of Object-Oriented Technology. Appendix A: OMT Graphical Notation. Appendix B: Glossary. Index.
[Perspectives on the oncologist pharmacopoeia]. (2003)

MGI114, ET743, BBR3464, ZD0473, ZD9331, BN80915, J107088, F11782, XR11576, BMS247550, PS341, UCN01, ISIS 3521, STI571, ZD1839, IMC-C225, OSI774, SU5416, DNA minor and major grooves, chimeric proteins, ribonucleotide reductase, topoisomerases, tubuline, proteasome, protein kinase C, bcr-abl, EGF or VEGF tyrosine kinase receptors are code names (somewhat barbarian) and targets for new drugs which will complement the therapeutic arsenal of the twenty-first century oncologist. This review provides a survey their clinical advances.
Age‐Dependent Cognitive and Behavioral Deficits After Kainic Acid Seizures (1993)

The long-term behavioral and cognitive effects of seizures at different ages were studied using the kainic acid (KA) seizure model. Rats of postnatal (P) ages (in days) 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 were administered KA intraperitoneally (i.p.), which induced status epilepticus for several hours, or an equivalent volume of saline. Occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) was then monitored for 3 months by a closed-circuit videotaping system. Rats began behavioral testing on P80; a separate group of rats that received KA on P60 began testing on P120. Behavioral tests included the Morris water maze (visuospatial learning and memory), the open field test (response to a novel environment), and the handling test (emotionality). When tested on P80, KA-treated P5 and P10 rats had no demonstrable deficits on any test as compared with controls. KA-Treated P20 rats differed from controls only on the water maze spatial bias test. KA-Treated P30 rats had deficits in spatial bias, were more active in the open field, and were more aggressive when handled. KA-Treated P60 rats, whether tested on P80 or P120, had deficits in learning platform position and spatial bias in the water maze, were more active in the open field, and were more aggressive when handled. P60 rats with SRS performed poorer in water maze place learning and spatial bias testing, although the number of SRS did not correlate with overall task acquisition. Our findings suggest age-related behavioral and cognitive deficits after KA-induced seizures. Pubescents and adults had alterations in learning, memory, exploratory behavior, and response to handling, whereas younger animals had no obvious behavioral or cognitive deficits.
NonpolarInxGa1−xN/GaN(11¯00)multiple quantum wells grown onγ−LiAlO2(100)by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (2003)

$M$-plane ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.9}\mathrm{N}(11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}00)$ multiple quantum wells were grown on $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{LiAlO}}_{2}(100)$ by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. The high brightness of the photoluminescence of these multiple quantum wells and the observation of band-edge emission from the barriers are consistent with the expected absence of spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization fields along the growth direction. Despite this fact, the recombination dynamics observed is rather complex and is shown to originate from the superposition of exciton relaxation towards a band of localized states and simultaneous recombination.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β is identical to tau protein kinase I generating several epitopes of paired helical filaments (1993)

We previously reported that tau protein kinase I (TPKI) induced normal tau protein into a state of paired helical filaments (PHF); this is further confirmed here by immunoblot analysis using several antibodies. We also present the amino acid sequence of TPKI, which is identical to glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3 beta). Moreover, we found that TPKI activity was inseparable from GSK3 activity throughout the purification procedure. These results indicate that TPKI is identical to GSK3 beta.
Two‐Dimensional Single‐Crystal Nanowire Arrays (2007)

Two dimensions are better than one: 1D arrays of nanowires, produced using the superlattice nanowire pattern transfer (SNAP) technique, are extended into two dimensions to produce 2D single-crystal nanowire structures. The method is demonstrated as a general approach towards achieving ohmic contacts to p- and n-type silicon nanowires, regardless of their doping level. Photonic-like crystals and suspended structures (see figure) are also demonstrated. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2296/2007/z700279_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Compact and Lightweight Sabatier Reactor for Carbon Dioxide Reduction (2011)

The utilization of CO2 to produce life support consumables, such as O2 and H2O, via the Sabatier reaction is an important aspect of NASA s cabin Atmosphere Revitalization System and In-Situ Resource Utilization architectures for both low-earth orbit and long-term manned space missions. In the current International Space Station (ISS) and other low orbit missions, metabolically-generated CO2 is removed from the cabin air and vented into space, resulting in a net loss of O2. This requires a continuous resupply of O2 via water electrolysis, and thus highlights the need for large water storage capacity. For long-duration space missions, the amount of life support consumables is limited and resupply options are practically nonexistent, thus atmosphere resource management and recycle becomes crucial to significantly reduce necessary O2 and H2O storage. Additionally, the potential use of the Martian CO2-rich atmosphere and Lunar regolith to generate life support consumables and propellant fuels is of interest to NASA. Precision Combustion, Inc. (PCI) has developed a compact, lightweight Microlith(Registered TradeMark)-based Sabatier (CO2 methanation) reactor which demonstrates the capability of achieving high CO2 conversion and near 100% CH4 selectivity at space velocities of 30,000-60,000 hr-1. The combination of the Microlith(Registered TradeMark) substrates and durable, novel catalyst coating permitted efficient Sabatier reactor operation that favors high reactant conversion, high selectivity, and long-term durability. This paper presents the reactor development and performance results at various operating conditions. Additionally, results from 100-hr durability tests and mechanical vibration tests are discussed.
SorCS3 does not require propeptide cleavage to bind nerve growth factor (2005)

The functional properties of the Vps10p-domain receptor SorCS3 are undescribed. Here, we examine its processing and sorting in cellular transfectants, and analyze the binding of potential ligands to the purified receptor. We show that SorCS3 is synthesized as a proprotein and converted to its mature form by N-terminal propeptide cleavage in distal Golgi compartments. The propeptide is not a requirement for normal processing of the receptor and does not prevent ligands from binding to the SorCS3 precursor form. Expression of wt and chimeric receptors further suggests that SorCS3 predominates on the plasma membrane, exhibits slow internalization and does not engage in intracellular trafficking. SorCS3 emerges as a new neurotrophin binding Vps10p-domain receptor functionally distinct from its relatives Sortilin and SorLA.
Enforced expression of an Flt3 internal tandem duplication in human CD34+ cells confers properties of self-renewal and enhanced erythropoiesis (2004)

To investigate the role of constitutively active internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutants of the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) receptor in leukemogenesis, we introduced the Flt3-ITD, W51, into human cord blood CD34+ cells and evaluated their phenotype in diverse hematopoietic assays. W51 expression resulted in a strong proliferative advantage and enhanced erythropoiesis as determined by immunophenotyping, colony assays, and molecular analyses. In MS-5 stromal cocultures, numerous early cobblestone areas (CAs) were generated within 10 to 14 days. Such W51-associated early CAs disappeared by 4 weeks, yet retained self-renewal properties as demonstrated by generation of secondary and tertiary CAs upon replating. This phenotype appears related to the expression of W51 since it was abolished by exposure to the FLT3 inhibitor, AG1295, but not to the c-kit inhibitor PD16. Wild-type Flt3-overexpressing CD34+ cells exposed to high levels of its physiologic ligand did not produce early CAs, highlighting differences in intracellular signaling between wild-type Flt3 and W51. W51-associated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) activation plays a major role in this phenotype, although additional downstream targets of W51 may be relevant. Flt3-ITD+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts from patients invariably generated early AG1295-sensitive CAs in MS-5 cocultures, further validating the phenotype observed in transduced CD34+ cells.
BTC Image Coding Using Median Filter Roots (1983)

In this paper we source encode the truncated block used in block truncation coding. It is shown that the truncated block is well approximated by wide-sense Markoff statistics; a signal having these characteristics has a high probability of belonging to the root signal set of median filters. Because the root signal space is much smaller than the binary space, it takes fewer bits to specify the truncated block in the root signal space, obtaining in this manner rate compression. Using two-dimensional filtering we can reduce the standard BTC rate of 1.63 bits/pel to 1.31 bits/pel. Using one-dimensional filtering along with a trellis encoder, rates close to 1.1 bits/pel are obtained with this fixed-length coding method.
Improving web search on small screen devices (2003)

Small handheld devices-mobile phones, Pocket PCs etc.-are increasingly being used to access the web. Search engines are the most used web services and are an important factor of user support. Search engine providers have begun to offer their services on the small screen. This paper presents a detailed evaluation of the how easy to use such services are in these new contexts. An experiment was carried out to compare users' abilities to complete search tasks using a mobile phone-sized, handheld computer-sized and conventional, desktop interface to the full Googlee index. With all three interfaces, when users succeed in completing a task, they do so quickly (within 2 -3 min) and using few interactions with the search engine. When they fail, though, they fail badly. The paper examines the causes of failures in small screen searching and proposes guidelines for improving these interfaces. In addition, we present and discuss novel interaction schemes that put these guidelines into practice.
Extension of Recombinant Human RANTES by the Retention of the Initiating Methionine Produces a Potent Antagonist (1996)

Extension of recombinant human RANTES by a single residue at the amino terminus is sufficient to produce a potent and selective antagonist. RANTES is a proinflammatory cytokine that promotes cell accumulation and activation in chronic inflammatory diseases. When mature RANTES was expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli, the amino-terminal initiating methionine was not removed by the endogenous amino peptidases. This methionylated protein was fully folded but completely inactive in RANTES bioassays of calcium mobilization and chemotaxis of the promonocytic cell line THP-1. However, when assayed as an antagonist of both RANTES and macrophage inflammatory polypeptide-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) in these assays, the methionylated RANTES (Met-RANTES) inhibited the actions of both chemokines. T cell chemotaxis was similarly inhibited. The antagonistic effect was selective since Met-RANTES had no effect on interleukin-8- or monocyte chemotractant protein-1-induced responses in these cells. Met-RANTES can compete with both [125I]RANTES and [125I]IMP-1 alpha binding to THP-1 cells or to stably transfected HEK cells recombinantly expressing their common receptor, CC-CKR-1. These data show that the integrity of the amino terminus of RANTES is crucial to receptor binding and cellular activation.
Optical Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinase–2 Activity in Tumors: Feasibility Study in a Mouse Model (2001)

It is feasible to image MMP-2 enzyme activity in vivo by using near-infrared optical imaging technology and "smart" matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive probes.
A simple procedure for synthesis of diastereoisomers of thymidine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate derivatives. (1987)

Diastereoisomeric thymidine cyclic (3',5')-methanephosphonates (3a), cyclic (3',5')-phosphoranilidates (3b) and cyclic (3',5')-phosphoranilidothioates (3c) were prepared by treatment of diastereoisomerically pure thymidine 3'-O-[O-(4-nitrophenyl)methanephosphonates] (2a), 3'-O-[O-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphoranilidates] (2b) or 3'-O-[O-(4-nitrophenyl)phosphoranilidothioates] (2c), respectively, with sodium hydroxide in dioxane-water solution.
Increased transforming growth factor‐β, interleukin‐4, and interferon‐γ in multiple sclerosis (1994)

The inflammatory nature of multiple sclerosis (MS) implicates the participation of immunoregulatory cytokines, including the T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell-associated interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), the Th2 cell-related interleukin-4 (IL-4), and the immune response-downregulating cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), but proof for their involvement in MS has been lacking. By adopting in situ hybridization with complementary DNA oligonucleotide probes for human IFN-gamma IL-4, and TGF-beta, the expression of mRNA for these cytokines was detected in mononuclear cells (MNC) from blood and cerebrospinal fluids. Strongly elevated levels of MNC expressing all three cytokines were found in peripheral blood and at even higher frequencies in cerebrospinal fluid from untreated patients with MS and optic neuritis, i.e., a common first manifestation of MS, compared with patients with other neurological diseases and healthy subjects. In MS and optic neuritis, IL-4 mRNA expressing cells predominated, followed by TGF-beta- and IFN-gamma-positive cells. Control patients with myasthenia gravis had similarly elevated levels of IFN-gamma and TGF-beta and TGF-beta mRNA expressing blood MNC but lower numbers of IL-4-positive cells. No or slight disability of MS was associated with high levels of TGF-beta mRNA expressing cells, while MS patients with moderate or severe disability had high levels of IFN-gamma-positive cells. IFN-gamma and TGF-beta may have opposing effects in MS, and treatments inhibiting IFN-gamma and/or promoting TGF-beta might ameliorate MS.
Localization of a mobile robot using the image of a moving object (2003)

This paper proposes a new approach for determining the location of a mobile robot using the image of a moving object. This scheme combines data from the observed position, using dead-reckoning sensors, and the estimated position, using images of moving objects captured by a fixed camera to determine the location of a mobile robot. Using the a priori known path of a moving object and a perspective camera model, the geometric constraint equations that represent the relation between image frame coordinates for a moving object and the estimated robot's position are derived. Since the equations are based on estimated position, measurement error may exist. However, the proposed method utilizes the error between the observed and estimated image coordinates to localize the mobile robot, and the Kalman filtering scheme is used for the estimation of the mobile robot location. The proposed approach is applied for a moving object on the wall to show the reduction of uncertainty in the determining of mobile robot location.