gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Usage of low-intensity laser radiation for the treatment of the inflammatory processes of the oral cavity mucosa after applying removable plate dentures</title> (1995)

Effective methods of reveling overload zones of the oral mucosa under the bases of plane dentures, the effect of low intensity laser radiation ont he increase of its resistance are discussed. At present removable plate dentures of different modifications to a certain degree restore aesthetic proportions of the face, phonetics and malfunction of the teeth and jaws. Besides, removable bridge are known not to secure even distribution of mastication pressure along the whole dentures bed which results in the development of inflammatory and dystrophic processes, and, finally in the accelerated atrophy of the oral mucosa and bony tissue of the alveolar process of upper and alveolar parts of the mandible. Many papers are devoted to the anti-inflammatory effect of laser therapy. Improvement of metabolic processes and revascularization of the dentures bed mucosa, normalization of the oral microflora structure, anesthetizing effect is noted too. At the same time there are no papers about studying the therapeutic effect of low intensity laser radiation intraumatic dentures stomatitis, inflammation of the oral mucosa in the literature available for us. To increase the functional effectiveness of removable plate dentures, profilaxy of inflammation and dystrophic phenomena and to decrease adaptation period we have developed methods of early detection of overload zone of oral mucosa at the initial stages of acute inflammation with the help of macrohistochemical reaction. Visible with the naked eye for the timely and precise correction of the dentures.
A compact vocabulary of paratope-epitope interactions enables predictability of antibody-antigen binding (2021)

Antibody-antigen binding relies on the specific interaction of amino acids at the paratope-epitope interface. The predictability of antibody-antigen binding is a prerequisite for de novo antibody and (neo-)epitope design. A fundamental premise for the predictability of antibody-antigen binding is the existence of paratope-epitope interaction motifs that are universally shared among antibody-antigen structures. In a dataset of non-redundant antibody-antigen structures, we identify structural interaction motifs, which together compose a commonly shared structure-based vocabulary of paratope-epitope interactions. We show that this vocabulary enables the machine learnability of antibody-antigen binding on the paratope-epitope level using generative machine learning. The vocabulary (1) is compact, less than 10<sup>4</sup> motifs; (2) distinct from non-immune protein-protein interactions; and (3) mediates specific oligo- and polyreactive interactions between paratope-epitope pairs. Our work leverages combined structure- and sequence-based learning to demonstrate that machine-learning-driven predictive paratope and epitope engineering is feasible.
Volume upper bounds for 3D graph drawing (1994)

Many systems, particularly those which present relational information, include a graph drawing function. Such systems have motivated a great deal of research on algorithms for drawing graphs; a recent survey lists over 250 references. Almost all this work has been oriented toward two-dimensional drawings. This paper describes an investigation of mathematically fundamental aspects of three-dimensional graph drawing. In particular we give three results concerning the space required for three-dimensional drawings.We showhow to produce a grid drawing of an arbitrary n-vertex graph with all vertices located at integer grid point, in an n × 2n × 2n grid, such that no pair of edges cross. This grid size is optimal to within a constant. We also show how to convert an orthogonal two-dimensional drawing in a H × V integer grid to a three-dimensional drawing with ⌈√H⌉ × ⌈√H⌉ × V volume. Using this technique we show, for example, that three-dimensional drawings of binary trees can be computed with volume ⌈√n⌉ × ⌈√n⌉ × ⌈logn⌉. We give an algorithm for producing drawings of rooted trees in which the z coordinate of a node represents the depth of the node in the tree; our algorithm minimizes the footprint of the drawing, that is, the size of the projection in the xy plane.Finally, we list significant unsolved problems in algorithms for three-dimensional graph drawing.
Synthesis and Molecular Modeling of 1-Phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines and Related 5,6,8,9-Tetrahydro-13bH-dibenzo[a,h]quinolizines as D1 Dopamine Antagonists (1994)

New 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines and related 5,6,8,9-tetrahydro- 13bH-dibenzo[a,h]-quinolizines were prepared as ring-contracted analogs of the prototypical 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzazepines (e.g., SCH23390) as a continuation of our studies to characterize the antagonist binding pharmacophore of the D1 dopamine receptor. Receptor affinity was assessed by competition for [3H]SCH23390 binding sites in rat striatal membranes. The 6-bromo-1-phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline analog 2 of SCH23390 1 had D1 binding affinity similar to that for the previously reported 6-chloro analog 6, whereas the 6,7-dihydroxy analog 5 had significantly lower D1 affinity. Conversely, neither 6-monohydroxy- (3) nor 7-monohydroxy-1-phenyltetrahydroisoquinolines (4) had significant affinity for the D1 receptor. These results demonstrate that 6-halo and 7-hydroxy substituents influence D1 binding affinity of the 1-phenyltetrahydroisoquinolines in a fashion similar to their effects on 1-phenyltetrahydrobenzazepines. The conformationally constrained 3-chloro-2-hydroxytetrahydrodibenzoquinolizine 9 had much lower affinity relative to the corresponding, and more flexible, 6-chloro-7-hydroxy-1-phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline 6. Similarly, 2,3-dihydroxytetrahydrodibenzoquinolizine 10 had much lower D1 affinity compared to dihydrexidine 14, a structurally similar hexahydrobenzo[a]phenanthridine that is a high-affinity full D1 agonist. Together, these data not only confirm the effects of the halo and hydroxy substitutents on the parent nucleus but demonstrate the pharmacophoric importance of both the nitrogen position and the orientation of the accessory phenyl ring in modulating D1 receptor affinity and function. Molecular modeling studies and conformational analyses were conducted using the data from these new analogs in combination with the data from compounds previously synthesized. The resulting geometries were used to refine a working model of the D1 antagonist pharmacophore using conventional quantitative structure-activity relationships and three-dimensional QSAR (CoMFA).
Characterization of the gcv control region from Escherichia coli (1994)

We constructed a set of deletions upstream of the gcv promoter and analyzed the effects of the deletions on expression of a gcvT-lacZ gene fusion. A deletion that ends at position -313 upstream of the transcription initiation site (+1) results in reduced levels of gcvT-lacZ expression, but the fusion is still inducible by glycine and repressible by purines. A deletion that ends at position -169 results in loss of both GcvA- and Lrp-mediated activation of the gcvT-lacZ fusion. The endpoints of delta -313 and delta -169 also define a site that down-regulates gcvT-lacZ expression two- to threefold. A deletion that ends at position -89 upstream from the transcription initiation site still shows PurR-mediated repression, suggesting that PurR-mediated repression is not by direct interference with the GcvA- and Lrp-mediated regulatory mechanism(s). Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting showed that Lrp protein binds to multiple sites upstream of the gcv promoter, from about bp -92 to bp -229. The results suggest that the gcv regulatory region is complex, with numerous cis-acting sites that are required for normal gcv expression.
Tocilizumab Ameliorates Clinical Symptoms in Polymyalgia Rheumatica: Figure 1. (2010)

<b>Purpose:</b> The purpose of this study was to use qualitative methods to describe the key lessons learned during the stakeholder engagement stage of planning a randomized clinical trial comparing outcomes of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as an alternative to pit-and-fissure sealants in a school-based delivery system. <b>Methods:</b> Eighteen caregivers and community-based stakeholders with involvement in the school-based sealant program Sealants for Smiles from the state of Montana, were recruited for this qualitative study. United States (U.S.) Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) methodology standards were used to develop two semi-structured interview guides consisting of 6 questions. One interview guide was used for telephone interviews with caregivers and the second was used for a stakeholder focus group. Content analytic methods were used to analyze the data. <b>Results:</b> All participants believed that a study comparing SDF and sealants was clinically relevant. Non-caregiver stakeholders agreed with the proposed primary outcome of the study (caries prevention) whereas caregivers also emphasized the importance of child-centered outcomes such as minimizing dental anxiety associated with dental care. Stakeholders described potential concerns associated with SDF such as staining and perceptions of safety and discussed ways to address these concerns through community engagement, appropriate framing of the study, proper consent procedures, and ongoing safety monitoring during the trial. Finally, stakeholders suggested dissemination strategies such as direct communication of findings through professional organizations and encouraging insurance plans to incentivize SDF use by reimbursing dental providers. <b>Conclusions:</b> Involving key stakeholders in early planning is essential in developing patient-centered research questions, outcomes measures, study protocols, and dissemination plans for oral health research involving a school-based delivery system.
The Politics of Caregiving: The Professionalisation of Informal Care (1992)

ABSTRACT This article reviews some of the literature on caregiving from social policy and on professionalisation from sociology. The context of the article is the care of dementia sufferers with particular reference to the role of family and other informal caregivers. The theoretical contributions on informal and formal caregiving have been dominated by the gender order and the professional order to the detriment of other aspects of structure. In the light of these theoretical contributions the article explores the inherent contradiction in society's desire to provide care to dementia sufferers without compromising the position of informal and formal caregivers.
Betahistine Exerts a Dose-Dependent Effect on Cochlear Stria Vascularis Blood Flow in Guinea Pigs In Vivo (2012)

Betahistine has a dose-dependent effect on the increase of blood flow in cochlear capillaries. The effects of the dosage range of betahistine on cochlear microcirculation corresponded well to clinically used single dosages to treat Menière's disease. Our data suggest that the improved effects of higher doses of betahistine in the treatment of Menière's disease might be due to a corresponding increase of cochlear blood flow.
Reproducibility of Noncalcified Coronary Artery Plaque Burden Quantification From Coronary CT Angiography Across Different Image Analysis Platforms (2013)

Currently available noncalcified plaque quantification software provides good intraplatform reproducibility but poor interplatform reproducibility. Serial or comparative assessments require evaluation using the same software. Industry standards should be developed to enable reproducible assessments across manufacturers.
The Degenerative Effects of Partial and Total Resection of the Medial Meniscus in Dogs?? Knees (1975)

An experimental effort to determine the degenerative effects in the articular cartilage of the knee joint caused by meniscectomy was performed by doing partial and total meniscectomies on the medial compartment of dogs' knees. Gross and microscopic pathological changes in teh articular cartilage were studied by sacrificing the dogs at intervals of three to ten months. Results indicated that meniscectomy is not a benign procedure, and the removal of a meniscus in itself can lead to degenerative changes in the knee joint. Partial meniscectomy leads to less severe degenerative changes with the degree of change directly related to the amount of meniscus removed. In total meniscectomies when meniscus regeneration occurred, the cartilage surfaces where the meniscus had regenerated were protected. The degree of degenerative change was directly related to the amount of fibrocartilage that remained absent. Therefore, the knee menisci function to protect the articular cartilages from degenerative damages, but the exact mechanism of this is unknown.
Purification and characterization of tissue plasminogen activator kringle-2 domain expressed in Escherichia coli (1989)

We have expressed the 174-263 fragment (kringle-2 domain) of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in Escherichia coli by secretion into the periplasmic space using the alkaline phosphatase promoter and stII enterotoxin signal sequence. A large portion of the secreted protein is associated with an insoluble cellular fraction. This material can be solubilized by extraction with denaturant and reducing agent and then recovered in active form by refolding in the presence of reduced and oxidized glutathione. Kringle-2 is then easily purified by affinity chromatography on lysine-Sepharose followed by cation-exchange chromatography. The isolated protein has an amino acid composition and N-terminal sequence as expected for the 174-263 fragment of t-PA, indicating that the signal peptide has been properly removed. Circular dichroic spectra suggest that the protein is folded similar to the kringle-4 domain of plasminogen [Castellino et al. (1986) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 247, 312-320]. Equilibrium dialysis experiments indicate a single binding site on kringle-2 for L-lysine having a KD of 100 microM. Using a method based on elution of kringle from lysine-Separose with omega-aminocarboxylic acids [Winn et al. (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 104, 579-586], we have shown the lysine binding site of t-PA kringle-2 to have a preference for a ligand with 8.8-A separation between amine and carboxylate functions. Charge interactions with the epsilon-amino group of L-lysine are important in binding since the affinities for N epsilon-acetyl-L-lysine, L-arginine, and gamma-guanidinobutyric acid are decreased greater than 2000-fold, 200-fold, and 12-fold, respectively, relative to the affinity for L-lysine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pseudomonas Exotoxin Conjugated to Monoclonal Antibody MRK16 Specifically Kills Multidrug Resistant Cells in Cultured Renal Carcinomas and In Mdr-Transgenic Mice (1993)

Using renal carcinoma and prostate carcinoma cell lines, we investigated the concept of targeting and killing multidrug resistant cells in urogenital cancers. Renal carcinoma lines HTB44, 45, 46, and 47 expressed a relatively low, but detectable level of multidrug resistance (MDR)1 mRNA as indicated by Northern blot analysis, whereas prostate lines LNCaP and DU145 were found to be MDR1-negative. Anti-P-glycoprotein monoclonal antibody MRK16 was conjugated to Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) by a stable thioether bond. Treatment with MRK16-PE resulted in a dose-dependent killing of multidrug resistant renal carcinoma cells, while non-MDR expressing prostate carcinoma cells were not affected. Addition of excess MRK16 blocked the effect of MRK16-PE. Furthermore, MOPC-PE, a non-MDR associated monoclonal antibody control conjugate, did not target and kill multidrug resistant renal carcinoma cells. Having established that MRK16-PE was active against and specific for multidrug resistant cells in culture, we also tested bioactivity in MDR-transgenic mice, whose bone marrow cells express the human MDR1 gene at a level approximately equal to that found in many human cancers. Again, MRK16-PE killed multidrug resistant bone marrow cells with high efficiency in an intact animal, and killing was blocked by unconjugated MRK16.
Universally Composable Security: A New Paradigm for Cryptographic Protocols. (2000)

We present a general framework for representing cryptographic protocols and analyzing their security. The framework allows specifying the security requirements of practically any cryptographic task in a unified and systematic way. Furthermore, in this framework the security of protocols is preserved under a general protocol composition operation, called universal composition. The proposed framework with its security-preserving composition operation allows for modular design and analysis of complex cryptographic protocols from relatively simple building blocks. Moreover, within this framework, protocols are guaranteed to maintain their security in any context, even in the presence of an unbounded number of arbitrary protocol instances that run concurrently in an adversarially controlled manner. This is a useful guarantee, that allows arguing about the security of cryptographic protocols in complex and unpredictable environments such as modern communication networks.
Integrated holographic memories (1996)

Summary form only given. We present a novel architecture for compact holographic random-access memories. Our design reduces the size of the optical system to that of a portable packaged device, while also allowing for data refreshing and updating. A single optoelectronic integrated circuit acts as spatial light modulator and detector. The need for imaging optics is eliminated by using a self-retracing reconstruction geometry.
From HER2/Neu signal cascade to androgen receptor and its coactivators: A novel pathway by induction of androgen target genes through MAP kinase in prostate cancer cells (1999)

Overexpression of the HER2/Neu protooncogene has been linked to the progression of breast cancer. Here we demonstrate that the growth of prostate cancer LNCaP cells can also be increased by the stable transfection of HER2/Neu. Using AG879, a HER2/Neu inhibitor, and PD98059, a MAP kinase inhibitor, as well as MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MPK-1), in the transfection assay, we found that HER2/Neu could induce prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a marker for the progression of prostate cancer, through the MAP kinase pathway at a low androgen level. Reporter assays and mammalian two-hybrid assays further suggest this HER2/Neu-induced androgen receptor (AR) transactivation may function through the promotion of interaction between AR and AR coactivators, such as ARA70. Furthermore, we found this HER2/Neu --> MAP kinase --> AR-ARAs --> PSA pathway could not be blocked completely by hydroxyflutamide, an antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Together, these data provide a novel pathway from HER2/Neu to AR transactivation, and they may represent one of the reasons for the PSA re-elevation and hormone resistance during androgen ablation therapy in prostate cancer patients.
A compact range image sensor suitable for robots (2004)

This paper discusses a range image sensor using a multi-spot laser projector. In many situations, it is inevitable for robots to behave in three-dimensional (3D) environment for various tasks and range images are important sensor information. The sensor in this paper is thought to be suitable to acquire range images for many robotic applications. Characteristics of the sensor are discussed as its principle, its measurement range and precision. Rotation of the CCD camera is presented to improve the sensor's efficiency. A prototype of the sensor is constructed using a commercial laser projector, and its efficiency is evaluated by experiments. Furthermore, a novel method for detecting planar regions is proposed as an application of this sensor. Relative disparity map is introduced and proved to be effective for detecting planar regions.
Study on the efficacy of ELA‐Max (4% liposomal lidocaine) compared with EMLA cream (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) using thermosensory threshold analysis in adult volunteers (2004)

EMLA cream may be superior to ELA-Max for heat-induced pain. This study suggests that thermosensory measurement may be another suitable tool for future topical anesthetic efficacy studies.
Methods for general and molecular bacteriology (1994)

Methodology for General and Molecular Microbiology Morphology Light microscopy Determinative and cytological light microscopy Electron microscopy Cell fractionation Antigen-antibody reactions Growth: Physicochemical factors in growth Nutrition and media Enrichment and isolation Solid, liquid/solid and semisolid culture Liquid culture Growth measurement Culture preservation Molecular Genetics: Gene mutation Gene transfer in Gram-negative bacteria Gene transfer in Gram-positive bacteria Plasmids Transposon mutagenesis Gene cloning and expression Polymerase chain reaction Nucleic acid analysis Metabolism: Physical analysis Chemical analysis Enzymatic activity Permeability and transport Systematics: Phenotypic characterization DNA sequence similarities Ribosomal RNA hybridization and gene sequencing Nucleic acid probes General Methods: Laboratory safety Photography Records and reports
Amines and Polyamines from Nitriles (1984)

Synthese de -di-, tri- et tetra-amines par reduction d'amino- et diaminonitriles et -dinitriles en presence de Ni-Ramy-NaOH dans l'ethanol
Bottleneck Conditional Density Estimation (2016)

We introduce a new framework for training deep generative models for high-dimensional conditional density estimation. The Bottleneck Conditional Density Estimator (BCDE) is a variant of the conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) that employs layer(s) of stochastic variables as the bottleneck between the input $x$ and target $y$, where both are high-dimensional. Crucially, we propose a new hybrid training method that blends the conditional generative model with a joint generative model. Hybrid blending is the key to effective training of the BCDE, which avoids overfitting and provides a novel mechanism for leveraging unlabeled data. We show that our hybrid training procedure enables models to achieve competitive results in the MNIST quadrant prediction task in the fully-supervised setting, and sets new benchmarks in the semi-supervised regime for MNIST, SVHN, and CelebA.
Role of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis via the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Death Pathway in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure (2013)

Our results demonstrated that CaR activation caused Ca(2+) release from the SR into the mitochondria and induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the SR and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in failing hearts.
Versatile Distributed Pose Estimation and Sensor Self-Calibration for an Autonomous MAV (2012)

In this paper, we present a versatile framework to enable autonomous flights of a Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) which has only slow, noisy, delayed and possibly arbitrarily scaled measurements available. Using such measurements directly for position control would be practically impossible as MAVs exhibit great agility in motion. In addition, these measurements often come from a selection of different onboard sensors, hence accurate calibration is crucial to the robustness of the estimation processes. Here, we address these problems using an EKF formulation which fuses these measurements with inertial sensors. We do not only estimate pose and velocity of the MAV, but also estimate sensor biases, scale of the position measurement and self (inter-sensor) calibration in real-time. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to obtain a yaw estimate from position measurements only. We demonstrate that the proposed framework is capable of running entirely onboard a MAV performing state prediction at the rate of 1 kHz. Our results illustrate that this approach is able to handle measurement delays (up to 500ms), noise (std. deviation up to 20 cm) and slow update rates (as low as 1 Hz) while dynamic maneuvers are still possible. We present a detailed quantitative performance evaluation of the real system under the influence of different disturbance parameters and different sensor setups to highlight the versatility of our approach.