gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical Characterization of Human Biological Tissue for Irreversible Electroporation Treatments (2018)

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a cancer therapy that uses short, high-voltage electrical pulses to treat tumors. Due to its predominantly non-thermal mechanism and ability to ablate unresectable tumors, IRE has gained popularity in clinical treatments of both liver and pancreatic cancers. Existing computational models use electrical properties of animal tissue that are quantified a priori to predict the area of treatment in three dimensions. However, the changes in the electrical properties of human tissue during IRE treatment are so far unexplored. This work aims to improve models by characterizing the dynamic electrical behavior of human liver and pancreatic tissue. Fresh patient samples of each tissue type, both normal and tumor, were collected and IRE pulses were applied between two parallel metal plates at various voltages. The electrical conductivity was determined from the resistance using simple relations applicable to cylindrical samples. The results indicate that the percent change in conductivity during IRE treatments varies significantly with increasing electric field magnitudes. This percent change versus applied electric field behavior can be fit to a sigmoidal curve, as proposed in prior studies. The generic conductivity data from human patients from this work can be input to computational software using patient-specific geometry, giving clinicians a more accurate and personalized prediction of a given IRE treatment.
Temsirolimus, an Inhibitor of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (2008)

Temsirolimus (Torisel, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals) is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a molecule implicated in multiple tumor-promoting intracellular signaling pathways. Temsirolimus recently became the first Food and Drug Administration–approved mTOR-targeted agent based on a
Molecular analysis of the chromosomal breakpoint and fusion transcripts in the acute lymphoblastic SEM cell line with chromosomal translocation t(4;ll) (1995)

The chromosomal breakpoint and fusion transcripts of the pre-B-leukaemia-derived SEM cell line carrying a reciprocal t(4;11)(q21;q23) translocation were analysed. The breakpoint from derivative chromosome der4 was cloned and sequenced. The crossover site was localized in intron 7 of the ALL-1 gene on chromosome 11q23 and in a large intron of the AF-4 (FEL) gene. RNA transcripts from both wild-type genes and both hybrid genes were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. In addition, alternatively spliced mRNA species derived from the der4 chromosome were found. They were generated by using the exon 5' of the breakpoint on der4 as a common splice donor site and the 5' boundaries of exons 8 or 9 of the ALL-1 gene as alternative splice acceptor sites. The hypothesis is proposed that selective pressure operators to maintain the presence of both derivative chromosomes as important elements in the leukaemogenic process.
Coherent Laser Control of the Product Distribution Obtained in the Photoexcitation of HI (1995)

Active control of the distribution of products of a chemical reaction was demonstrated by using a method based on the principle of quantum mechanical interference. Hydrogen iodide (HI) molecules were simultaneously excited above their ionization threshold by two competing pathways. These paths were absorption of three ultraviolet photons of frequency ω 1 and one vacuum ultraviolet photon of frequency ω 3 = 3ω 1 . The HI + and I + signals were modulated as the phase between the lasers was varied, with the HI + signal lagging by 150° ± 15°. A mechanism consisting of autoionization and predissociation is proposed.
Myocardial infarction and the myocyte IGF1 autocrine system (1995)

To determine the effects of acute myocardial infarction on the extent and distribution of mural stress on surviving myocardial tissue, coronary artery occlusion was surgically produced in rats. Following haemodynamic measurements in vivo, the characteristics of cardiac anatomy were determined and found to consist of an increase in mid-chamber lumenal diameter and a decrease in wall thickness. The combination of these phenomena resulted in an eight-fold increase in diastolic wall stress on the remaining viable portion of the wall and severe impairment of left and right ventricular performance. Since insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) and its receptor (IGF1R) are required for cell growth in vitro, the possibility was raised that an autocrine IGF1-IGF1R system may be present in vivo and may become activated in viable ventricular myocytes shortly after infarction. Therefore, the unaffected myocytes of the left ventricle were enzymatically dissociated and the expression of IGF1R and IGF1 mRNAs were measured at 12 h and at 1, 2-3, and 7 days after surgery. The level of IGF1R mRNA increased at 12 h and remained elevated at 1 and 2-3 days following coronary artery ligation. In addition, an increased level of IGF1R protein was found on these cells. This phenomenon was coupled with the enhanced expression of IGF1 mRNA in the muscle cells at all points. Thus, the marked elevation in ventricular loading after coronary occlusion may activate the IGF1-IGF1R autocrine system of the unaffected cells, modulating the cellular growth processes implicated in short-term ventricular remodelling of the infarcted heart.
Overexpression of Human Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1, Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase 1, or Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase 2 Stimulates Secretion of Apolipoprotein B-containing Lipoproteins in McA-RH7777 Cells (2004)

The relative importance of each core lipid in the assembly and secretion of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) has been of interest over the past decade. The isolation of genes encoding diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACAT1 and ACAT2) provided the opportunity to investigate the effects of isolated increases in triglycerides (TG) or cholesteryl esters (CE) on apolipoprotein B (apoB) lipoprotein biogenesis. Overexpression of human DGAT1 in rat hepatoma McA-RH7777 cells resulted in increased synthesis, cellular accumulation, and secretion of TG. These effects were associated with decreased intracellular degradation and increased secretion of newly synthesized apoB as VLDL. Similarly, overexpression of human ACAT1 or ACAT2 in McA-RH7777 cells resulted in increased synthesis, cellular accumulation, and secretion of CE. This led to decreased intracellular degradation and increased secretion of VLDL apoB. Overexpression of ACAT2 had a significantly greater impact upon assembly and secretion of VLDL from liver cells than did overexpression of ACAT1. The addition of oleic acid (OA) to media resulted in a further increase in VLDL secretion from cells expressing DGAT1, ACAT1, or ACAT2. VLDL secreted from DGAT1-expressing cells incubated in OA had a higher TG:CE ratio than VLDL secreted from ACAT1- and ACAT2-expressing cells treated with OA. These studies indicate that increasing DGAT1, ACAT1, or ACAT2 expression in McA-RH7777 cells stimulates the assembly and secretion of VLDL from liver cells and that the core composition of the secreted VLDL reflects the enzymatic activity that is elevated.
“Clicking” Polymer Brushes with Thiol-yne Chemistry: Indoors and Out (2009)

Thiol-yne click chemistry is demonstrated as a modular platform for rapid and practical fabrication of highly functional, multicomponent surfaces under ambient conditions. The principle is illustrated using a postmodification strategy in which poly(propargyl methacrylate) brushes were generated via surface-initiated photopolymerization and sequentially functionalized using the radical-mediated thiol-yne reaction. Brush surfaces expressing a three-dimensional configuration of "yne" functionalities were modified with high efficiency and short reaction times using a library of commercially available thiols, including functional thiols that demonstrate applicability for pH responsive surfaces and for bioconjugation. Sequential thiol-yne reactions in conjunction with simple UV photolithography were also applied to afford micropatterned, multicomponent surfaces. The practicality of the platform was further demonstrated by carrying out thiol-yne surface reactions in sunlight, suggesting the possibility of large scale modifications using renewable energy resources. Considering the mild reaction conditions, rapid throughput, and compatibility with orthogonal chemistries, we expect this platform to find widespread use among the materials science community.
Antisera and monoclonal antibodies specific for epitopes generated during oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein. (1990)

Increasing evidence indicates that low density lipoprotein (LDL) has to be modified to induce foam cell formation. One such modification, oxidation of LDL, generates a number of highly reactive short chain-length aldehydic fragments of oxidized fatty acids capable of conjugating with lysine residues of apoprotein B. By immunizing animals with homologous malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL), 4-hydroxynonenal-LDL (4-HNE-LDL), and Cu+(+)-oxidized LDL, we developed polyvalent and monoclonal antibodies against three epitopes found in oxidatively modified LDL. The present article characterizes an antiserum and monoclonal antibody (MAL-2 and MDA2, respectively) specific for MDA-lysine, and an antiserum and monoclonal antibody (HNE-6 and NA59, respectively) specific for 4-HNE-lysine. In addition, a monoclonal antibody (OLF4-3C10) was developed against an as yet undefined epitope generated during Cu++ oxidation of LDL. With these antibodies, we demonstrated that MDA-lysine and 4-HNE-lysine adducts develop on apo-lipoprotein B during copper-induced oxidation of LDL in vitro. The application of these antibodies for immunocytochemical demonstration of oxidized lipoproteins in atherosclerotic lesions of progressive severity is described in the companion article. These antibodies should prove useful in studying the role of oxidatively modified lipoproteins as well as other oxidatively modified proteins in atherogenesis.
Cc–Chemokine Receptor 6 and Its Ligand Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3α Might Be Involved in the Amplification of Local Necroinflammatory Response in the Liver (2001)

It is not fully understood how antigen-specific or-nonspecific T cells migrate into the liver in various liver diseases. Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3alpha is a chemokine that is expressed mostly in the liver, and the receptor CCR6 is reported to be expressed on memory T cells. In the present study, we focused on the expression of CCR6 on T cells from peripheral blood (PB) and inflamed liver, and analyzed the involvement of MIP-3alpha and CCR6 in the immunopathogenesis of liver diseases. Intrahepatic T cells showed significantly (P <.0001) higher percentages of CCR6(+)CD4(+) T cells compared with PB, which is significantly (P =.037) correlated with the necroinflammatory response in the liver. Most of intrahepatic CCR6(+)CD4(+) cells were also positive for CCR5, which is known to express on T-helper 1 cells. MIP-3alpha was stained in the cells located near piecemeal necrosis, where dendritic cells (DCs) are often observed, and coculture of activated DCs with apoptotic cells induced MIP-3alpha production from the DCs. These data suggest that MIP-3alpha is produced by periportal DCs and/or macrophages after necroinflammatory response, leading to the recruitment of activated T cells into the liver. This process could be important to augment the local immune response in the livers of various liver diseases. The finding might be important not only for the understanding of immunopathogenesis of liver diseases but also for the therapeutic strategy to control the local immune response in the liver.
Heterobivalent Ligands Crosslink Multiple Cell‐Surface Receptors: The Human Melanocortin‐4 and δ‐Opioid Receptors (2008)

Together we bind: A series of synthetic heterobivalent ligands containing a fragment of melanocyte stimulating hormone analogue MSH(7) and the δ-opioid ligand deltorphin-II has been prepared. These ligands bind with higher affinity and with apparent cooperativity to cells expressing both hMC4R and δ-opioid receptors. Binding affinities were evaluated using a lanthanide-based in-cyto time-resolved fluorescence binding assay. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z702770_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Reducing measurement noise effects in digital predistortion of RF power amplifiers (2004)

A technique known as digital predistortion (DPD) is the subject of much current research and is being contemplated for the next generation RF power amplifiers. DPD has the capability of linearizing the overall amplifier response and is a cost effective technique for applications requiring wideband operation with low out-of-band spurious emissions, also known as spectral regrowth. Estimation of the DPD parameters is hampered by the presence of measurement noise at the output of the amplifier, even though this noise is not actually transmitted on air. The end effect of the noise is to degrade the DPD performance, leading to higher spectral growth. This paper shows that a major cause of this degradation can be attributed to coefficient bias induced by measurement noise in a nonlinear model. Two techniques are proposed for mitigating these effects. One uses a specially designed periodic training signal with frame averaging, and the other uses forward estimation followed by offline noiseless inverse estimation. Simulations show that spectral regrowth reductions in excess of 10 dB are possible using these techniques.
Examination of the requirement for an amphiphilic helical structure in beta-endorphin through the design, synthesis, and study of model peptides. (1983)

In our approach to beta-endorphin modeling, we have proposed that the biological properties of the natural peptide are determined by the combination of three basic structural units: a highly specific opiate recognition sequence at the NH2 terminus (residues 1-5) connected via a hydrophilic peptide link (residues 6-12) to a potential amphiphilic helix in the COOH-terminal residues 13-31. In the alpha-helical conformation the hydrophobic domain twists around the length of the helix and covers almost one-half of its surface. The other distinctive features of the helix include its basicity and the two aromatic residues Phe18 and Tyr27. In contrast to previous models we have studied, peptide 4 is a "negative" model in the sense that it was designed and examined in order to determine how the lack of a well defined amphiphilic structure affects the biological properties of beta-endorphin. For this purpose, peptide 4 retains the three structural units previously postulated for beta-endorphin, but the amino acids of the 13-31 region are arranged in such a way that no definite continuous hydrophobic zone could be formed in an alpha- or pi-helical conformation of this region. In aqueous buffered solutions, peptide 4 showed almost the same amount of alpha-helical structure as beta-endorphin, with a slight tendency toward less helicity in 50% aqueous 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. In rat brain homogenate, peptide 4 was degraded slightly slower than beta-endorphin, in contrast to the apparently much higher stability of previous models under the same conditions. With regard to opiate receptor binding, peptide 4 was twice as potent as beta-endorphin in mu-receptor assays but half as potent in delta-receptor assays. The opiate potency of peptide 4 on the guinea pig ileum was higher than that of beta-endorphin. In contrast, in the rat vas deferens assay, which is very specific for beta-endorphin, the potency of peptide 4 was very low and could be shown not to be mediated by the same opiate mechanism or by the same opiate receptor. A comparison of these results with those of previous model peptides provides further evidence for the importance of an amphiphilic helical structure in beta-endorphin residues 13-31, which determines the resistance to proteolysis of the natural molecule and contributes to the delta- and mu-opiate receptor interaction. The amphiphilicity of this helical structure must also be essential for high opiate activity on the rat vas deferens (epsilon-receptors), whereas no such structural requirement appears to be necessary for interaction with the opiate receptors on the guinea pig ileum.
Heat Transfer, Adiabatic Effectiveness and Injectant Distributions Downstream of Single and Double Rows of Film-Cooling Holes with Simple and Compound Angles. (1991)

Experimental results are presented which describe the development and structure of flow downstream of single and double rows of film-cooling holes with both simple and compound angle orientations. Two configurations are investigated, a simple angle injection system in which the injectant is introduced into the freestream parallel to the main flow (as viewed in streamwise/spanwise planes), and a compound angle injection system in which the injectant is introduced with spanwise velocity components. Results indicate that effectiveness depends mostly on four parameters: simple or compound angle injection, spanwise hole spacing, one or two rows of holes, and blowing ratio.
Resonance Ejection from the Paul Trap:  A Theoretical Treatment Incorporating a Weak Octapole Field (1996)

In response to the growing experimental evidence of the importance of nonlinear phenomena in ion trap operation, a new theoretical model of ion ejection is developed. The pseudopotential well approximation for forced ion oscillations in an ion trap under the conditions of ion-molecule collisions is modified to include octapole perturbations on the quadrupole field. Ion ejection is investigated using the first-order Mitropol'skii asymptotic method for both infinitesimal and finite scan rates. It is shown that the combined action of collisional damping and nonlinearity distorts the resonance curve in such a way that "quenching" of oscillations takes place. As a result, with appropriate excitation and direction of scanning, the amplitude increases as if no damping exists! The main characteristics of the jump are derived as functions of scan rate and used for analytical estimation of mass resolution, mass peak width, and excitation voltage. Satisfactory agreement between calculated and experimental peak widths is demonstrated for the range of scanning rates in excess of 6 orders of magnitude.
Iodine Supplementation in the Newborn (2014)

Iodine deficiency can be defined as the world's greatest single cause of preventable brain damage. Fetal and neonatal hypothyroidism, caused by iodine deficiency can be prevented prior to conception and then during pregnancy and lactation when an adequate iodine supplementation is ensured. Extremely low birth weight preterm babies risk having a negative iodine balance status in the first weeks of life, exacerbating the hypothyroxinaemia of the prematurity. It is important to ensure that these babies are provided with an adequate iodine intake from the first days of life. Mothers and newborns should avoid environmental iodine excess during pregnancy or lactation.
A new adaptive duty cycle perturbation algorithm for peak power tracking (2010)

In order to avoid the oscillation of duty ratio perturbation method and make full use of solar arrays power, after establishing a model of the solar array, analyzing its input and output characteristics, and discussing the concept and principles of peak power tracking (PPT), we use fuzzy controller to modify three parameters of PID controller to modify the step of duty ratio to track the maximum power point of solar array. The simulation results show that the method can quickly and accurately track the MPP, decreases the oscillation and improve the efficiency of energy conversion of solar array.
Human thiopurine S -methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: Variant allozyme misfolding and aggresome formation (2005)

Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyzes the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs. TPMT genetic polymorphisms represent a striking example of the potential clinical value of pharmacogenetics. Subjects homozygous for TPMT*3A, the most common variant allele for low activity, an allele that encodes a protein with two changes in amino acid sequence, are at greatly increased risk for life-threatening toxicity when treated with standard doses of thiopurines. These subjects have virtually undetectable levels of TPMT protein. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TPMT*3A might result in protein misfolding and aggregation. We observed that TPMT*3A forms aggresomes in cultured cells and that it aggregates in vitro, functional mechanisms not previously described in pharmacogenetics. Furthermore, there was a correlation among TPMT half-life values in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, aggresome formation in COS-1 cells, and protein aggregation in vitro for the three variant allozymes encoded by alleles that include the two TPMT*3A single-nucleotide polymorphisms. These observations were compatible with a common structural explanation for all of these effects, a conclusion supported by size-exclusion chromatography and CD spectroscopy. The results of these experiments provide insight into a unique pharmacogenetic mechanism by which common polymorphisms affect TPMT protein function and, as a result, therapeutic response to thiopurine drugs.
Abnormal thalamocortical activity in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) Type I (2010)

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a neuropathic disease that presents a continuing challenge in terms of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Recent studies of neuropathic pain, in both animals and patients, have established a direct relationship between abnormal thalamic rhythmicity related to Thalamo-cortical Dysrhythmia (TCD) and the occurrence of central pain. Here, this relationship has been examined using magneto-encephalographic (MEG) imaging in CRPS Type I, characterized by the absence of nerve lesions. The study addresses spontaneous MEG activity from 13 awake, adult patients (2 men, 11 women; age 15-62), with CRPS Type I of one extremity (duration range: 3months to 10years) and from 13 control subjects. All CRPS I patients demonstrated peaks in power spectrum in the delta (<4Hz) and/or theta (4-9Hz) frequency ranges resulting in a characteristically increased spectral power in those ranges when compared to control subjects. The localization of such abnormal activity, implemented using independent component analysis (ICA) of the sensor data, showed delta and/or theta range activity localized to the somatosensory cortex corresponding to the pain localization, and to orbitofrontal-temporal cortices related to the affective pain perception. Indeed, CRPS Type I patients presented abnormal brain activity typical of TCD, which has both diagnostic value indicating a central origin for this ailment and a potential treatment interest involving pharmacological and electrical stimulation therapies.
Plantago lanceolata L. water extract induces transition of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and increases tensile strength of healing skin wounds (2014)

We demonstrated that PL aqueous extract improves skin wound healing in rats. However, further research need to be performed to find optimal therapeutic concentration, and exact underlying mechanism prior obtained results may be introduced into the clinical practice.