gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces neuroinflammation and expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in the rat model of traumatic brain injury (2005)

The acute inflammatory response plays an important role in secondary brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neutrophils provide the main source of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which also play a deleterious role in TBI. Numerous preclinical studies have suggested that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) may by beneficial in various noncerebral and cerebral inflammatory diseases. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of HBOT on inflammatory infiltration and the expression of MMPs in correlation with secondary cell death in the rat model of dynamic cortical deformation (DCD). Twenty animals underwent DCD with subsequent HBOT (2.8 ATA, two sessions of 45 min each); 10 animals: DCD and normobaric oxygenation (1 ATA), 10 animals: not treated after DCD. Cell death was evaluated by TUNEL. Neutrophils were revealed by myeloperoxidase staining. Immunohistochemical staining for MMP-2 and -9 and tissue inhibitors of MMP-1 (TIMP-1) and -2 was also performed and the results were quantitatively evaluated by image analysis. In the animals treated by HBOT, a significant decrease in the number of TUNEL-positive cells and neutrophilic inflammatory infiltration was seen in comparison with nontreated animals and those treated by normobaric oxygen. The expression of MMP-9 was also significantly lower in the treated group. Staining for MMP-2 and TIMP-2 did not change significantly. Our results demonstrate that HBOT decreased the extent of secondary cell death and reactive neuroinflammation in the TBI model. The decline of MMP-9 expression after HBOT may also contribute to protection of brain tissue in the perilesional area. Further research should be centred on the evaluation of long-term functional and morphological results of HBOT.
Discovery of CP-690,550: A Potent and Selective Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases and Organ Transplant Rejection (2010)

There is a critical need for safer and more convenient treatments for organ transplant rejection and autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. Janus tyrosine kinases (JAK1, JAK3) are expressed in lymphoid cells and are involved in the signaling of multiple cytokines important for various T cell functions. Blockade of the JAK1/JAK3-STAT pathway with a small molecule was anticipated to provide therapeutic immunosuppression/immunomodulation. The Pfizer compound library was screened against the catalytic domain of JAK3 resulting in the identification of a pyrrolopyrimidine-based series of inhibitors represented by CP-352,664 (2a). Synthetic analogues of 2a were screened against the JAK enzymes and evaluated in an IL-2 induced T cell blast proliferation assay. Select compounds were evaluated in rodent efficacy models of allograft rejection and destructive inflammatory arthritis. Optimization within this chemical series led to identification of CP-690,550 1, a potential first-in-class JAK inhibitor for treatment of autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection.
Efficacy of Epidural Perineural Injections With Autologous Conditioned Serum for Lumbar Radicular Compression (2007)

ACS is an encouraging treatment option for patients with unilateral lumbar radicular compression. The decrease in pain was pronounced, clinically remarkable, and potentially superior to steroid injection.
Polyesters with Aromatic Groups in the Backbone from Reactions of 3- and 4-Bromomethylbenzoic Acids with Triethylamine (1992)

Abstract Aromatic polyesters were obtained in relatively good yields (∼ 70%) from reactions of 3- and 4-bromomethylbenzoic acids with tri-ethylamine in chlorobenzene. A copolymer was prepared in 58% yield by reaction of a 1:1 mixture of the two acids under similar conditions. The polyesters were characterized by IR, 1H- and 133C-NMR spectra, x-ray powder diffraction, DSC behavior, solution viscosity, and hydrolysis to the corresponding hydroxymethylbenzoic acids. Molecular weights were determined by 1H-NMR endgroup analysis. Possible mechanisms for the reactions are discussed.
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Management in Head Injury (1990)

A method of ICP management is presented based upon maintenance of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP = SABP − ICP) at 70–80 mm Hg or in some cases greater. To do this, we have employed volume expansion, nursed patients in the flat position, and actively used catecholamine infusions to maintain the SABP side of the CPP equation at levels necessary to obtain the target CPP. CSF drainage and mannitol have freely been used to maintain the ICP portion of the equation. Thirty-four consecutive patients with GCS ≤ 7 were admitted to the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit (GCS = 5.1 ± 1.4) and managed with this protocol. CPP was maintained at 84 ± 11 mm Hg, ICP was 23 ± 9.8 mm Hg, and SABP averaged 106 ± 11 mm Hg. CVP was 8.0 ± 3.7 mm Hg and average fluid intake was approximately 5.4 ± 3.9 liters/d. Output averaged 5.0 ± 4.0 liters/d; additionally, albumin (25%) (33 ± 44 gm/d) and PRBC's were used for vascular expansion and hemoglobin was maintained (11.5 ± 1.4 gm/dl). Three patients died of uncontrolled ICP (all protocol errors). Four other patients succumbed, none secondary to ICP and all secondary to potentially avoidable complications. Morbidity (GOS = 4.2 ± 0.87) appeared to be as good or superior to previous methods of therapy. Overall, mortality was 21% and that from uncontrollable ICP was 8%. This approach to the management of intracranial hypertension proved safe, rational, and greatly enhanced the therapeutic options available. It was also consistent with optimal care of other organ systems. The results bring into question many of the standard tenets of neurosurgical ICP management and suggest new avenues of investigation.
An interaction between basement membrane and Alzheimer amyloid precursor proteins suggests a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. (1995)

These binding data may reflect the normal interactions of beta PPs with ECMPs. However, the fact that beta PPs interfere with the normal interactions between ECMPs themselves, a process that spontaneously generates a basement membrane, suggests that aspects of ECMP:beta PP binding may be a pathologic part of the amyloidogenic process in Alzheimer's disease.
Syngeneic antiidiotypic antisera to murine antihuman high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen monoclonal antibodies. (1987)

BALB/c mice were immunized with the murine antihuman high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) 149.53, 225.28, 653.25, and 763.74. Antiidiotypic antibodies could be detected in bleedings obtained 3 days following the first booster, increased in titer in bleedings obtained following the second booster, and persisted at high level in bleedings obtained 38 days following the second booster. Cross-blocking studies with a panel of anti-melanoma-associated antigen, anti-HLA Class I, and anti-HLA Class II monoclonal antibodies showed that the antisera recognize private idiotypes. The latter are located within the antigen combining site, since antiidiotypic antisera specifically inhibited the binding of the corresponding immunizing anti-human high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen monoclonal antibody to cultured human melanoma cells Colo 38 in a dose-dependent fashion. The spectrotype of the anti-MoAb 149.53 antiserum comprises eight major components in the range of pH 6.2 to 7.0; those of the anti-MoAb 225.28 antiserum and of the anti-MoAb 653.25 antiserum, two major components in the ranges of pH 6.4 to 6.6 and 6.5 to 6.7, respectively; and that of the anti-MoAb 763.74 antiserum, three major components in the range of pH 6.2 to 6.4.
Algorithms for Non-negative Matrix Factorization (2000)

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has previously been shown to be a useful decomposition for multivariate data. Two different multiplicative algorithms for NMF are analyzed. They differ only slightly in the multiplicative factor used in the update rules. One algorithm can be shown to minimize the conventional least squares error while the other minimizes the generalized Kullback-Leibler divergence. The monotonic convergence of both algorithms can be proven using an auxiliary function analogous to that used for proving convergence of the ExpectationMaximization algorithm. The algorithms can also be interpreted as diagonally rescaled gradient descent, where the rescaling factor is optimally chosen to ensure convergence. Introduction Unsupervised learning algorithms such as principal components analysis and vector quantization can be understood as factorizing a data matrix subject to different constraints. Depending upon the constraints utilized, the resulting factors can be shown ...
A Space-Division Multiple-Access Protocol for Spot-Beam Antenna and Satellite-Switched Communication Network (1983)

This paper identifies the characteristics of a point-topoint demand-assignment satellite-switched spot-beam antenna communication network for integrated data voice traffic. The described protocol is known as space-division multiple-access (SDMA) which uses an on-board central traffic controller, a fixed-assignment timedivision multiple-access (TDMA) protocol for reservations, and a rigid frame structure with separate data and voice subframes. Message and circuit switching are utilized for data and voice traffic, respectively. Synchronization is maintained by a looped-back reservation burst. A detailed delay analysis of data and voice traffic is presented for an arbitrary compound arrival process. A new method for the calculation of the data reservation and scheduling delays is derived. A comparison of the performance of the SDMA protocol to other protocols is shown. This paper demonstrates the feasibility and illustrates the design of the SDMA protocol.
규칙적인 운동참여와 형태가 신장 성장, 신체구성 및 2차 성징에 미치는 영향 (2003)

레크리에이션 수준의 신체활동이 사춘기 학생들의 신장성장에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 2,810명을 대상으로 집단의 특성에 적합한 76명의 피험자를 선정하였다. 집단의 구성은 점핑운동을 주 운동으로 하는 농구운동집단 22명(≥3/주당, ≥30min/회), 유산소성 운동집단 28명(≥3/주당, ≥30min/회), 비운동집단 26명의 3개 집단으로 비운동집단은 운동 자체를 싫어하여 체육수업조차 적극적으로 참여하지 않는 자들로 구성된 반면 운동집단은 3년 이상 규칙적으로 운동하는 학생들로 구성되었다. 측정변인으로는 인체계측 측정을 포함한 영양상태, 성적성숙 단계(교환과 체모)와 골연령 등이 측정되었고, 이를 바탕으로 예측신장과 목표신장이 산출되었다. 본 연구결과로 사춘기 동안의 자발적인 운동 참여는 일일 에너지 섭취량을 증가(p<.01)시키고, 3대 영양소 중 특히 탄수화물의 섭취를 증가(p<.01)시킴으로써, 활동 소비량의 증가로 높아진 에너지 필요성을 보충하는 것으로 나타났다. 비록 집단간에는 유의한 차이는 없었지만 농구운동집단에서 유산소성 운동집단과 비운동 집단에 비해 예측신장이 크다는 점을 고려해 볼 때, 청소년기의 규칙적인 점핑형태의 운동이 신장성장에 바람직한 영향을 줄 것이라 사료된다. 반면 유산소성 운동그룹에서 다른 그룹들에 비해 낮은 체지방율과 수축기 혈압을 보인다는 점을 고려할 때, 유산소성 운동은 길이 성자 이외에 의학적인 측면에서 바람직한 영향을 준다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 규칙적인 유산소성 운동을 바탕으로 한 점핑 형태의 운동이 청소년들의 신장 성장뿐만 아니라 향후 성인병의 원인이 되는 체지방의 과다를 사전에 예방함으로써 성인기에 건강한 삶을 향유할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.
Mucosal immunization with HIV-1 peptide vaccine induces mucosal and systemic cytotoxic T lymphocytes and protective immunity in mice against intrarectal recombinant HIV-vaccinia challenge (1998)

Mucosal tissues are major sites of HIV entry and initial infection. Thus, the induction of a mucosal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is an important feature for an effective HIV vaccine. However, little is known about approaches to induce such a protective CTL response in the mucosa. Here for the first time we show that intrarectal immunization with a synthetic, multideterminant HIV peptide plus cholera toxin adjuvant induced long-lasting, antigen-specific CTL memory in both the inductive (Peyer's patch) and effector (lamina propria) mucosal sites, as well as in systemic sites (spleen), whereas systemic immunization induced specific CTL only in the spleen. Cholera toxin adjuvant, while enhancing the response, was not essential. The CTL recognized target cells either pulsed with HIV peptide or expressing endogenous whole envelope glycoprotein of Mr 160,000 (gp160). Exploring the requirements for CTL induction, we show that mucosal CTL responses are both interleukin 12 and interferon-gamma dependent by using antibody-treated and knock-out mice. Finally, to determine whether a mucosal response is actually protective against local mucosal challenge with virus, we show that intrarectal immunization with the synthetic HIV peptide vaccine protected mice against infection via mucosal challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HIV-1IIIB gp160. These studies provide an approach to development of an HIV vaccine that induces CTL immunity in the mucosal and systemic immune systems and protects against mucosal infection with a virus expressing HIV-1 gp160.
Determining tree height and crown diameter from high-resolution UAV imagery (2016)

Advances in computer vision and the parallel development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) allow for the extensive use of UAV in forest inventory and in indirect measurements of tree features. We used UAV-sensed high-resolution imagery through photogrammetry and Structure from Motion (SfM) to estimate tree heights and crown diameters. We reconstructed 3D structures from 2D image sequences for two study areas (25 × 25 m). Species composition for Plot 1 included Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) together with European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), whereas Plot 2 was mainly Norway spruce and Scots pine together with scattered individuals of European larch and Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.). The involved workflow used canopy height models (CHMs) for the extraction of height, the smoothing of raster images for the determination of the local maxima, and Inverse Watershed Segmentation (IWS) for the estimation of the crown diameters with the help of a geographical information system (GIS). Finally, we validated the accuracies of the two methods by comparing the UAV results with ground measurements. The results showed higher agreement between field and remote-sensed data for heights than for crown diameters based on RMSE%, which were in the range 11.42–12.62 for height and 14.29–18.56 for crown diameter. Overall, the accuracy of the results was acceptable and showed that the methods were feasible for detecting tree heights and crown diameter.
Detection of copper in isolated plant cells by resonance ionization mass spectrometry (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetection of copper in isolated plant cells by resonance ionization mass spectrometryN. S. Nogar, R. C. Estler, J. Conia, and P. J. JacksonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 23, 2972–2976Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00047a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00047a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Imaging sensor for the Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) (2002)

Accurate high resolution temperature sounding through our atmosphere is paramount to improving our weather forecasting, monitoring, and analysis capability. From the vantagepoint of earth Orbit, remote temperature sounding is becoming a reality and its accuracy is bolstered by recent advances in infrared hyper-spectral sensor capability. One promising approach takes advantage of a two-dimensional, imaging Fourier transform spectrometer to obtain a data cube with the field of view along one plane and multiple IR spectra (one for every FPA pixel) along the orthogonal axis. The spatial resolution is limited only by the pixel pitch in the imaging focal plane and the optics used to collect the data. The maximum optical path difference in the Michelson FTS defines the spectral resolution and dictates the number of path-length interferogram samples (FPA frames required per cube. This paper discusses the unique challenges placed on the focal plane by the Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) approach and how advanced focal plane technology is applied to satisfy these challenges. Two focal planes are required to provide spectral coverage from 4.4 to 6.1um and 8.85-14.6um. Currently, the GIFT’s LWIR focal plane is the longest wavelength two-dimensional PV HgCdTe array of this size (128 square on 60 um centers) planned for space deployment. The paper presents performance data of Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) fabricated HgCdTe detectors and design details of the advanced readout integrated circuit necessary to meet the demanding requirements of the imaging sensor for the GIFTS instrument.
Immune Responses: Adverse Versus Non-Adverse Effects (2002)

The adaptive immune system in vertebrates has evolved to provide host resistance to infectious microorganisms and malignant disease. Normal immune function and the induction of specific immune responses require the orchestrated interaction between cells and molecules both within and outside the lymphoid system. Immunotoxicology can be defined as the study of adverse health effects that may result from the interaction of xenobiotics with the immune system. In general terms such effects can take one of two forms. The first of these is immunotoxicity (or immunosuppression) where there is a perturbation of, or damage to, one or more components of the immune system resulting in impaired immune function and reduced host resistance. The design and interpretation of experimental immunotoxicity studies and the investigation of clinical immunosuppression require consideration of the relationship between changes in the structure and/or function of discrete components of the immune system and holistic changes in the susceptibility to infectious and malignant disease. The other main way in which chemicals may cause adverse health effects secondary to interaction with the immune system is through stimulation of specific immune responses that result in allergic disease. Allergy to chemicals and proteins can take many forms, including allergic contact dermatitis, allergic sensitization of the respiratory tract (associated with rhinitis and/or asthma), systemic allergic reactions (associated frequently with drug treatment), and gastrointestinal disease. Here there is a need to distinguish between immunogenic responses per se and those immune responses that are of sufficient vigor and of the quality necessary to provoke allergic sensitization. The purpose of this article is to explore the extent to which distinctions can be drawn between adverse and nonadverse effects in the context of immunotoxicity and allergy.
Degeneration of Spiral Ganglion Cells in the Chinchilla afterInner H air Cell Loss Induced by Carboplatin (1998)

The anticancer drug carboplatin has been used to generate inner hair cell (IHC) lesions in the cochlea of chinchillas. This has provided a valuable model for the study of the relative roles of IHCs and outer hair cells (OHCs). In the present study, we examined the pathological and temporal relationships between the degeneration of the cochlear IHCs and type I spiral ganglion cells (SGCs). A single intravenous dose of 200 mg/m2 carboplatin produced extensive IHC loss with no apparent effect on the OHCs. The auditory brainstem response threshold was significantly elevated by 2 weeks following treatment and remained stable through 12 weeks. Elevated thresholds were well correlated with morphological lesions. On the other hand, the SGC population progressively decreased from 2 to 12 weeks after treatment, to about half of the control density values. A positive correlation existed between the density of SGC and the number of surviving IHCs. These results indicate that selective damage to IHCs causes a distinct loss of SGCs.
Genetics of eukaryotic RNA polymerases I, II, and III. (1993)

The transcription of nucleus-encoded genes in eukaryotes is performed by three distinct RNA polymerases termed I, II, and III, each of which is a complex enzyme composed of more than 10 subunits. The isolation of genes encoding subunits of eukaryotic RNA polymerases from a wide spectrum of organisms has confirmed previous biochemical and immunological data indicating that all three enzymes are closely related in structures that have been conserved in evolution. Each RNA polymerase is an enzyme complex composed of two large subunits that are homologous to the two largest subunits of prokaryotic RNA polymerases and are associated with smaller polypeptides, some of which are common to two or to all three eukaryotic enzymes. This remarkable conservation of structure most probably underlies a conservation of function and emphasizes the likelihood that information gained from the study of RNA polymerases from one organism will be applicable to others. The recent isolation of many mutations affecting the structure and/or function of eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases now makes it feasible to begin integrating genetic and biochemical information from various species in order to develop a picture of these enzymes. The picture of eukaryotic RNA polymerases depicted in this article emphasizes the role(s) of different polypeptide regions in interaction with other subunits, cofactors, substrates, inhibitors, or accessory transcription factors, as well as the requirement for these interactions in transcription initiation, elongation, pausing, termination, and/or enzyme assembly. Most mutations described here have been isolated in eukaryotic organisms that have well-developed experimental genetic systems as well as amenable biochemistry, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans. When relevant, mutations affecting regions of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase that are conserved among eukaryotes and prokaryotes are also presented. In addition to providing information about the structure and function of eukaryotic RNA polymerases, the study of mutations and of the pleiotropic phenotypes they imposed has underscored the central role played by these enzymes in many fundamental processes such as development and cellular differentiation.
The complete nucleotide sequence of porcine adenovirus serotype 5 (2001)

The complete nucleotide sequence of porcine adenovirus serotype 5 (PAdV-5) has been determined and the putative genomic map was constructed. The size of the genome was found to be 32621 nucleotides. Twenty-eight putative ORFs were identified by their homology to other adenovirus or other virus and eukaryotic genes. Several special protein sequence motifs were identified by their homology to similar protein motifs. The putative promoter regions, polyadenylation and splice sites were predicted and the early and late transcription units were determined. Based on sequence analysis and RNA secondary structure prediction, sequences for virus-associated RNA could not be recognized. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PAdV-5 was more closely related to certain bovine adenoviruses than to other porcine adenoviruses.