gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model-Based Face De-Identification (2006)

Advances in camera and computing equipment hardware in recent years have made it increasingly simple to capture and store extensive amounts of video data. This, among other things, creates ample opportunities for the sharing of video sequences. In order to protect the privacy of subjects visible in the scene, automated methods to de-identify the images, particularly the face region, are necessary. So far the majority of privacy protection schemes currently used in practice rely on ad-hoc methods such as pixelation or blurring of the face. In this paper we show in extensive experiments that pixelation and blurring offers very poor privacy protection while significantly distorting the data. We then introduce a novel framework for de-identifying facial images. Our algorithm combines a model-based face image parameterization with a formal privacy protection model. In experiments on two large-scale data sets we demonstrate privacy protection and preservation of data utility.
An integrated source of spectrally filtered correlated photons for large scale quantum photonic systems (2014)

We demonstrate the generation of quantum-correlated photon-pairs combined with the spectral filtering of the pump field by more than 95dB using Bragg reflectors and electrically tunable ring resonators. Moreover, we perform demultiplexing and routing of signal and idler photons after transferring them via a fiber to a second identical chip. Non-classical two-photon temporal correlations with a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 50 are measured without further off-chip filtering. Our system, fabricated with high yield and reproducibility in a CMOS process, paves the way toward truly large-scale quantum photonic circuits by allowing sources and detectors of single photons to be integrated on the same chip.
Expression sequences of cell adhesion molecules. (1985)

A reexamination of the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) during the development of the chicken embryo was carried out using more sensitive immunocytochemical techniques than had been used previously. While the previously determined sequence of CAM expression was confirmed, neural CAM (N-CAM) was also detected on endodermal structures such as the lung epithelium, gut epithelium, and pancreas and on budding structures such as the pancreatic duct and gall bladder. It was also found on ectodermal derivatives of the skin. In most of these sites, N-CAM expression was transient, but in the chicken embryo lung, the epithelium remained positive for N-CAM and liver CAM (L-CAM) into adult life. Thus, at one time or another, both of these primary CAMs can be expressed on derivatives of all three germ layers. At sites of embryonic induction, epithelial cells expressing both L-CAM and N-CAM, or L-CAM only, were apposed to mesenchymal cells expressing N-CAM. Examples included epiblast (NL) and notochord (N); endodermal epithelium (NL) and lung mesenchyme (N); Wolffian duct (NL) and mesonephric mesenchyme (N); apical ectodermal ridge (NL) and limb mesenchyme (N); and feather placode (L) and dermal condensation (N). The cumulative observations indicate that cell surface modulation of the primary CAMs at induction sites can be classified into two modes. In mode I, expression of N-CAM (or both CAMs) in mesenchyme decreases to low amounts at the cell surface, and then N-CAM is reexpressed. In mode II, one or the other CAM disappears from epithelia expressing both CAMs. As a result of the primary processes of development, collectives of cells linked by N-CAM and undergoing modulation mode I are brought into the proximity of collectives of cells linked by L-CAM plus N-CAM or by L-CAM undergoing modulation mode II. Such adjoining cell collectives or CAM couples were found at all sites of embryonic induction examined.
Lipid‐transfer proteins as potential plant panallergens: cross‐reactivity among proteins of Artemisia pollen, Castanea nut and Rosaceae fruits, with different IgE‐binding capacities (2000)

LTPs from Artemisia pollen and chestnut crossreact with allergens (LTPs) of Rosaceae fruits, but significant differences in specific IgE-binding capacities were observed among members of the plant LTP family. Thus, further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of the observed cross-reactivities of plant LTPs.
EphA2 Expression Is Associated with Aggressive Features in Ovarian Carcinoma (2004)

EphA2 overexpression is predictive of aggressive ovarian cancer behavior and may be an important therapeutic target.
Gradient copolymers by atom transfer radical copolymerization (2000)

Gradient copolymers, in which the instantaneous composition varies continuously along each chain, are discussed in terms of theoretical background, significance and examples from the literature. The specific focus is the use of atom transfer radical polymerization to synthesize gradient copolymers with various composition profiles. Examples of gradient copolymers using ionic and controlled radical polymerization techniques are presented. Atom transfer radical polymerization has been used under both batch and semi-batch conditions to produce gradient copolymers. The physical properties of gradient copolymers and possible future work in the field of gradient copolymers are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of gene expression and chemoresistance of CD133+ cancer stem cells in glioblastoma (2006)

Our study for the first time provided evidence that CD133 positive cancer stem cells display strong capability on tumor's resistance to chemotherapy. This resistance is probably contributed by the CD133 positive cell with higher expression of on BCRP1 and MGMT, as well as the anti-apoptosis protein and inhibitors of apoptosis protein families. Future treatment should target this small population of CD133 positive cancer stem cells in tumors to improve the survival of brain tumor patients.
Evidence that the herpes simplex virus type 1 uracil DNA glycosylase is required for efficient viral replication and latency in the murine nervous system (1994)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encodes a uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG; UL2), which has been shown to be dispensable for normal replication of HSV-1 in cultured cells (J. Mullaney, H.W. Moss, and D.J. McGeoch, J. Gen. Virol. 70:449-454, 1989). In adult neurons, UNG activity is undetectable (F. Focher, P. Mazzarello, A. Verri, U. Hubscher, and S. Spadari, Mutat. Res. 237:65-73, 1990), suggesting that the HSV-1 UNG may play an important role in viral replication in neurons acutely and/or following reactivation. To examine the contribution of the HSV-1 UNG in vivo, two independent strain 17 Syn+ Ung- mutants, designated uB1 and uB2, were examined in a mouse model of herpetic disease. Following direct intracranial inoculation, both mutants exhibited a 10-fold reduction in neurovirulence compared with the parental strain 17 Syn+. Inoculations by a peripheral route demonstrated that the Ung- mutants were at least 100,000-fold less neuroinvasive than 17 Syn+. Replication kinetics in vivo demonstrated that uB1 and uB2 replicated less well in both the mouse peripheral and central nervous systems. Latency was established by both of the mutants in 100% of the animals examined. Following transient hyperthermia, however, the frequency of reactivation of the mutants in vivo was dramatically reduced. Restoration of the UNG locus resulted in full neurovirulence, neuroinvasiveness, and the ability to reactivate in vivo. These findings suggest that the HSV-1 UNG plays an important role during acute viral replication in vivo and possibly in the reactivation process.
Base mispair extension kinetics. Binding of avian myeloblastosis reverse transcriptase to matched and mismatched base pair termini. (1992)

We investigate the enzymatic basis for the inefficient extension of single base mismatches by DNA polymerase compared with the extension of correct base pairs. Inefficient mismatch extension could result from either a reduced binding of the enzyme to mispaired versus correctly paired DNA template-primer termini, or from a lowered intrinsic rate of extension of mispairs by a bound enzyme, or from a combination of both factors. Avian myeloblastosis reverse transcriptase is used to measure the affinities (equilibrium dissociation constants) for the four matched and twelve mismatched base pair configurations situated at a primer 3'-terminus. The binding affinities are analyzed by two different assays employing polyacrylamide gels. The first assay uses steady-state kinetics to measure the efficiency of elongating correct and incorrect base pairs and to evaluate the enzyme's dissociation constants for matched and mismatched termini. The estimated KD values obtained in the steady-state analysis fall within a range of approximately 0.1-20 nM. The efficiencies of extending two of the mispairs, G.G and C.C, are too low to allow a determination of KD by the kinetics method. The second assay uses equilibrium binding to measure the ratio of polymerase bound to matched compared with mismatched termini, KDright/KDwrong. The affinity ratios, including values for G.G and C.C mispairs, are in the range of about 0.4-4.2. While around 1 order of magnitude difference is observed in the relative binding affinities of the polymerase for matched and mismatched primer termini, the relative extension efficiencies vary over more than 5 orders of magnitude. Therefore, it appears that inefficient mismatch extension is caused primarily by a kinetic block inhibiting elongation from mispaired primer 3'-termini rather than to a difference in binding.
Peptide Vaccines and Peptidomimetics of EGFR (HER-1) Ligand Binding Domain Inhibit Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo (2013)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a validated target for several cancers including lung, colorectal, and certain subtypes of breast cancer. Cetuximab targets ligand binding of EGFR, but major problems like high cost, short t1/2, toxicity, and emergence of resistance are associated with the drug. Immunization with EGFR B cell epitopes will train the immune system to produce specific Abs that can kill cancer cells. Also, therapy with stable, less-expensive, and nontoxic EGFR peptide mimics will block EGFR signaling and inhibit cancer growth. We designed three peptides based on the contact sites between EGF and EGFR. The B cell epitopes were synthesized alone and also linked with the measles virus T cell epitope to produce a chimeric peptide vaccine. The peptide vaccines were immunogenic in both mice and rabbits and Abs raised against the vaccine specifically bound EGFR-expressing cells and recombinant human EGFR protein. The peptide mimics and the anti-peptide Abs were able to inhibit EGFR signaling pathways. Immunization with the peptide vaccine or treatment with the B cell epitopes significantly reduced tumor growth in both transplantable breast and lung cancer models. Immunohistochemical analysis also showed significant reductions in microvascular density and actively dividing cells in the tumor sections after treatment in the FVB/n breast cancer model. The 418-435 B cell epitope was the best candidate both as a vaccine or peptide mimic because it caused significant inhibition in the two mouse models. Our results show that this novel EGFR B cell epitope has great potential to be used as a vaccine or treatment option for EGFR-expressing cancers.
Diversity of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota revisited (2007)

Since the early days of microbiology, more than a century ago, representatives of over 400 different microbial species have been isolated and fully characterized from human gastrointestinal samples. However, during the past decade molecular ecological studies based on ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences have revealed that cultivation has been able only to access a small fraction of the microbial diversity within the gastrointestinal tract. The increasing number of deposited rRNA sequences calls for the setting up a curated database that allows handling of the excessive degree of redundancy that threatens the usability of public databases. The integration of data from cultivation-based studies and molecular inventories of small subunit (SSU) rRNA diversity, presented here for the first time, provides a systematic framework of the microbial diversity in the human gastrointestinal tract of more than 1000 different species-level phylogenetic types (phylotypes). Such knowledge is essential for the design of high-throughput approaches such as phylogenetic DNA microarrays for the comprehensive analysis of gastrointestinal tract microbiota at multiple levels of taxonomic resolution. Development of such approaches is likely to be pivotal to generating novel insights in microbiota functionality in health and disease.
Effect of Disrupting Seven-in-Absentia Homolog 2 Function on Lung Cancer Cell Growth (2008)

SIAH-2 may be a viable target for novel anti-RAS and anticancer agents aimed at inhibiting EGFR and/or RAS-mediated tumorigenesis.
Improving Ontology-Based Sense Folder Classification of Document Collections with Clustering Methods (2004)

In this paper we describe first results of our research on the disambiguation of user queries using ontologies for categorization. We present an approach to cluster search results by using classes or ‘Sense Folders’ (prototype categories) derived from the concepts of an assigned ontology, here Multi-WordNet. Using the semantic relations provided from such a resource, we can assign categories to prior not annotated documents and thus help the user in
A Bis-Alkylating Triplex Forming Oligonucleotide Inhibits Intracellular Reporter Gene Expression and Prevents Triplex Unwinding Due to Helicase Activity (2003)

Triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) have the ability to site specifically modulate gene expression through the formation of triple helix DNA. The HER-2/neu promoter contains a strategically located triplex target sequence, and has been successfully targeted in vitro, with little success in vivo. A TFO was conjugated at both its 5' and 3' ends to an alkylating agent (phenylacetate mustard) in an attempt to stabilize the triple helix intracellularly. In vitro assays demonstrated that the bis-conjugate bound the duplex and alkylated the target guanine residues with high efficiency. The bis-conjugate suppressed promoter activity by 60-70% in cancer cells using a plasmid with a preformed triple helix, and the suppression was minimal when the nitrogen mustard was conjugated at only one end. Helicase assays demonstrated that helicase activity can unwind the TFO at the unalkylated end of the triple helix, which may leave the unwound oligonucleotide susceptible to nuclease degradation or ineffective at inhibiting transcription initiation. Our findings indicate that dual alkylation of the target sequence is required to suppress the intracellular activity of a reporter plasmid with a preformed triple helix, likely due to greater stability of the triple helix within cells and inhibition of helicase activity.
IL‐10 and IL‐10 receptor defects in humans (2011)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is chronic in nature and is characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, and malabsorption. It is considered a complex multigenic and multifactorial disorder that results from disturbed interactions between the immune system and commensal bacteria of the gut. Recent work has demonstrated that IBD with an early-onset within the first months of life can be monogenic: mutations in IL-10 or its receptor lead to a loss of IL-10 function and cause severe intractable enterocolitis in infants and small children. Both IL-10 and IL-10 receptor deficiency can be successfully treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Mechanism of Permanganate Oxidation of Alkanes:  Hydrogen Abstraction and Oxygen “Rebound” (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMechanism of Permanganate Oxidation of Alkanes: Hydrogen Abstraction and Oxygen "Rebound"Thomas Strassner and K. N. HoukView Author Information Technische Universität München Institut für Anorganische Chemie Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 32, 7821–7822Publication Date (Web):July 28, 2000Publication History Received20 March 2000Revised9 June 2000Published online28 July 2000Published inissue 1 August 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja000981fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja000981frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2630Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Activation energy,Chemical reactions,Hydrocarbons,Hydrogen abstraction,Transition states Get e-Alerts
Instrumentation for low frequency EIT studies of the human head and its validation in phantom experiments (2010)

We describe instrumentation for low frequency (< 500 Hz) EIT studies of the human head and its calibration, testing and validation in the phantom experiments. Our EIT system prototype is based on a 256 channel commercial EEG system complimented by the current injection module and lock-in detection software. We have designed and built two types of head phantoms: i) a resistor network and ii) a cylinder tank filled with saline and gel insertions with chemically targeted conductivity values. We have developed a technology for fabricating, handling and storage of agar TX151 gel insertions. Independent and direct conductivity measurements of gel samples have been performed using a HP LCR meter in a four electrode conductivity cell specifically designed and built for this purpose. Measurements of saline conductivity were done with commercially available salinity / conductivity meters. Our inverse conductivity estimates in the phantom experiments with EIDORS and in-house software cross-validate the viability of the EIT-EEG system.
Effects of Ischemia on Ulcer Wound Healing: A New Model in the Rabbit Ear (1990)

To study the effects of alteration of blood flow on wound healing in rabbit ear ulcers, two models were designed that produced maximum ischemia and maximum congestion, respectively, with complete survival of the ear by selective division of one or more of three arteries or veins and circumferential incisions. After selection of the best models from six variations, tissue perfusion was measured indirectly by venous oxygen tension, dermofluorometry, pulse oximetry, and skin temperature. Wound healing was measured seven days after creating 6-mm surgical ulcers. The tissue oxygen tension calculated from the venous oxygen tension fell to 30 mm Hg through days 1, 3, and 7 in the ischemic ears, and skin temperature and blood flow measured by dermofluorometry were similarly affected. However, there was no evidence of significant change in tissue perfusion except increased skin temperature in the congested ears. None of the ischemic wounds were epithelialized completely, but half of the control and congested wounds were. The granulation tissue formation was decreased (39% of the area versus 63% of the area) and the infection rate was increased (20% versus 2%) significantly in the ischemic wounds compared with the control wounds but not in the congested wounds. The ischemic ulcer model is reproducible and quantifiable and is potentially a useful model for examining agents to improve ulcer healing where blood flow is decreased. The congestion model showed no significant changes in blood flow or wound healing.
Synthesis of [13C2]nifedipine (2003)

Abstract [ 13 C 2 ]Nifedipine ( 3 ) was synthesized from [ 13 C]methanol (&amp;#38;1macr;) in two steps. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Hydrophobic effect in protein folding and other noncovalent processes involving proteins. (1989)

Large negative standard heat capacity changes (delta CP degree much less than 0) are the hallmark of processes that remove nonpolar surface from water, including the transfer of nonpolar solutes from water to a nonaqueous phase and the folding, aggregation/association, and ligand-binding reactions of proteins [Sturtevant, J. M. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 2236-2240]. More recently, Baldwin [Baldwin, R. L. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 8069-8072] proposed that the delta CP degree of protein folding could be used to quantify the contribution of the burial of nonpolar surface (the hydrophobic effect) to the stability of a globular protein. We demonstrate that identical correlations between the delta CP degree and the change in water-accessible nonpolar surface area (delta Anp) are obtained for both the transfer of nonpolar solutes from water to the pure liquid phase and the folding of small globular proteins: delta CP degree/delta Anp = -(0.28 +/- 0.05) (where delta Anp is expressed in A2 and delta CP degree is expressed in cal.mol-1.K-1; 1 cal = 4.184 J). The fact that these correlations are identical validates the proposals by both Sturtevant and Baldwin that the hydrophobic effect is in general the dominant contributor to delta CP degree and provides a straightforward means of estimating the contribution of the hydrophobic driving force (delta Ghyd degree) to the standard free energy change of a noncovalent process characterized by a large negative delta CP degree in the physiological temperature range: delta Ghyd degree congruent to (80 +/- 10)delta CP degree.
Raman imaging of hemozoin within the food vacuole of Plasmodium falciparum trophozoites (2003)

Micro-Raman spectra of hemozoin encapsulated within the food vacuole of a Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte are presented. The spectrum of hemozoin is identical to the spectrum of beta-hematin at all applied excitation wavelengths. The unexpected observation of dramatic band enhancement of A(1g) modes including nu(4) (1374 cm(-1)) observed when applying 780 nm excitation enabled Raman imaging of hemozoin in the food vacuole. This unusual enhancement, resulting from excitonic coupling between linked porphyrin moieties in the extended porphyrin array, enables the investigation of hemozoin within its natural environment for the first time.