gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secondary hyperalgesia to heat stimuli after burn injury in man (1998)

The aim of the study was to examine the presence of hyperalgesia to heat stimuli within the zone of secondary hyperalgesia to punctate mechanical stimuli. A burn was produced on the medial part of the non-dominant crus in 15 healthy volunteers with a 50 x 25 mm thermode (47 degrees C, 7 min), and assessments were made 70 min and 40 min before, and 0, 1, and 2 h after the burn injury. Hyperalgesia to mechanical and heat stimuli were examined by von Frey hairs and contact thermodes (3.75 and 12.5 cm2), and pain responses were rated with a visual analog scale (0-100). The area of secondary hyperalgesia to punctate stimuli was assessed with a rigid von Frey hair (462 mN). The heat pain responses to 45 degrees C in 5 s (3.75 cm2) were tested in the area just outside the burn, where the subjects developed secondary hyperalgesia, and on the lateral crus where no subject developed secondary hyperalgesia (control area). The burns decreased pain thresholds and increased pain responses to both thermal and mechanical stimuli within the burn (P < 10(-5)). Further, the burns induced secondary hyperalgesia (mean 89 cm2) to punctate mechanical stimuli (P < 10(-5)), and increased the pain response to mechanical stimuli in the areas of secondary hyperalgesia (P < 10(-5)). The pain response to heat stimuli increased over time in the area of secondary hyperalgesia (P < 10(-5)), and so did the pain response to heat on the lateral part of the crus (P < 10(-3)). However, the heat pain response increased more (P = 0.006) and was more intense (P = 0.001) within the zone of secondary hyperalgesia than on the lateral part of the crus. Further, the heat pain response was more intense in the zone of primary hyperalgesia than in the zone of secondary hyperalgesia (P = 0.004), in contrast to the mechanical pain response, which was not significantly different between the two zones of hyperalgesia. In conclusion, secondary hyperalgesia in man is not restricted to mechanical stimuli, as significant hyperalgesia to heat developed within the zone of secondary hyperalgesia to punctate mechanical stimuli. The data, combined with other evidence, suggest differences in the mechanisms accounting for primary hyperalgesia to heat and mechanical stimuli, whereas secondary hyperalgesia to heat and mechanical stimuli may be explained by a common central mechanism.
Alloimmunity and autoimmunity in chronic rejection (2010)

On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that alloimmune responses can lead to autoimmunity, thus playing an important role in chronic rejection. Characterization of both the temporal occurrence and functional significance of antibodies to self-antigens may provide insight into the pathogenesis of chronic rejection and these antibodies can serve as clinically useful biomarkers.
A Conditionally Expressed Third Partner Stabilizes or Prevents the Formation of a Transcriptional Activator in a Three-hybrid System (1997)

We describe a three-hybrid system that involves three polypeptides that allow or prevent the formation of the transcriptional activator. Beside the two-hybrid fusion proteins, the third partner is under the control of the Met25 promoter, which is positively regulated in medium lacking methionine. We document a situation where such a third partner promotes interaction between two proteins, one fused to a DNA-binding domain and the other fused to an activator domain. This is demonstrated for cdk7-MAT1 interaction stabilized by the presence of cyclin H; these three polypeptides are found either free or associated with the transcription/DNA repair factor TFIIH. We also document the capacity of our system to conditionally inhibit the interaction between two polypeptides that otherwise elicit a positive two-hybrid response. This is demonstrated for Ras-Raf interaction precluded by an excess of Raf. The presence of a methionine-regulated promoter provides an "on" or "off" switch for the formation of the transcriptional activator, thus also providing an excellent control to evaluate the activation or inhibition properties of the third partner.
A Supramolecular Solution to a Long-Standing Problem: The 1,6-Polymerization of a Triacetylene (2000)

A topochemical polymerization of a triacetylene has been achieved by the synthesis of a host molecule specifically designed to preorganize a triacetylene dicarboxylic acid guest in accordance with the exacting structural requirements needed for the reaction. Irradiation of the resulting host–guest complex using γ-rays yields a base-soluble polytriacetylene polycarboxylic acid (see picture). This study demonstrates the power of supramolecular synthesis as a preparative tool.
Topiramate treatment causes skeletal muscle insulin sensitization and increased Acrp30 secretion in high-fat-fed male Wistar rats (2005)

We show that Topiramate (TPM) treatment normalizes whole body insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed male Wistar rats. Thus drug treatment markedly lowered glucose and insulin levels during glucose tolerance tests and caused increased insulin sensitization in adipose and muscle tissues as assessed by euglycemic clamp studies. The insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate increased twofold (indicating enhanced muscle insulin sensitivity), and suppression of circulating FFAs increased by 200 to 300%, consistent with increased adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. There were no effects of TPM on hepatic insulin sensitivity in these TPM-treated HFD-fed rats. In addition, TPM administration resulted in a three- to fourfold increase in circulating levels of total and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin (Acrp30). Western blot analysis revealed normal AMPK (Thr(172)) phosphorylation in liver with a twofold increased phospho-AMPK in skeletal muscle in TPM-treated rats. In conclusion, 1) TPM treatment prevents overall insulin resistance in HFD male Wistar rats; 2) drug treatment improved insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue associated with enhanced AMPK phosphorylation; and 3) the tissue "specific" effects are associated with increased serum levels of adiponectin, particularly the HMW component.
Effects of Soil Solarization and Fumigation on Survival of Soilborne Pathogens of Tomato in Northern Florida (1994)

The effects of soil solarization and fumigation, alone or combined, on survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, F. o. lycopersi, Phytophthora nicotianae (=P. parasitica), and Peudomonas solanacearum were examined in field plots in northern Florida. Soil solarization was performed over a 32- to 49-day period using a photoselective, low-density polyethylene film. Soil was fumigated with a 67:33 mixture of methyl bromide:chloropicrin. Precipitation occurred on 14 and 23 days during solarization periods in 1992 and 1993, respectively
Coiled coils: attractive protein folding motifs for the fabrication of self-assembled, responsive and bioactive materials (2010)

The coiled coil is a superhelical protein structural motif that consists of two or more alpha-helical peptides that are wrapped around each other in superhelical fashion. Coiled coils are amongst the most ubiquitous folding motifs found in proteins and have not only been identified in structural proteins but also play an important role in various intracellular regulation processes as well as membrane fusion. The aim of this critical review is to highlight the potential of coiled coil peptide sequences for the development of self-assembled, responsive and/or bioactive materials. After a short historical overview outlining the discovery of this protein folding motif, the article will briefly discuss naturally occurring coiled coils. After that, the basic rules, which have been established to date for the design of coiled coils will be briefly summarized followed by a presentation of several classes of coiled coils, which may represent interesting candidates for the development of novel self-assembled, responsive and/or bioactive materials. This critical review will end with a section that summarizes the different coiled coil based (hybrid) materials that have been reported to date and which hopefully will help to stimulate further work to explore the full potential of this unique class of protein folding motifs for the development of novel self-assembled, responsive and/or bioactive materials (212 references).
Humoral immune response to native eukaryotic prion protein correlates with anti-prion protection (2004)

Prion diseases are characterized by the deposition of an abnormal form (termed PrP(Sc)) of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)). Because antibodies to PrP(C) can antagonize deposition of PrP(Sc) in cultured cells and mice, they may be useful for anti-prion therapy. However, induction of protective anti-prion immune responses in WT animals may be hindered by host tolerance. Here, we studied the cellular and molecular basis of tolerance to PrP(C). Immunization of Prnp(o/o) mice with bacterially expressed PrP (PrP(REC)) resulted in vigorous humoral immune responses to PrP(REC) and native cell-surface PrP(C). Instead, WT mice yielded antibodies that failed to recognize native PrP(C) despite immunoreactivity with PrP(REC), even after immunization with PrP-PrP polyprotein and/or upon administration of anti-OX40 antibodies. Consequently, immunized WT mice experienced insignificantly delayed prion pathogenesis upon peripheral prion challenge. Anti-PrP immune responses in Prnp(o/o) mice were completely abrogated by transgenic expression of PrP(C) in B cells, T cells, neurons, or hepatocytes, but only moderately reduced by expression in myelinating cells, despite additional thymic Prnp transcription in each case. We conclude that tolerance to PrP(C) can coexist with immunoreactivity to PrP(REC) and does not depend on thymic PrP(C) expression. Its circumvention might represent an important step toward the development of effective anti-prion immunotherapy.
An RNA Profile Identifies Two Subsets of Multiple Sclerosis Patients Differing in Disease Activity (2012)

The multiple sclerosis (MS) patient population is highly heterogeneous in terms of disease course and treatment response. We used a transcriptional profile generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells to define the structure of an MS patient population. Two subsets of MS subjects (MS(A) and MS(B)) were found among 141 untreated subjects. We replicated this structure in two additional groups of MS subjects treated with one of the two first-line disease-modifying treatments in MS: glatiramer acetate (GA) (n = 94) and interferon-β (IFN-β) (n = 128). One of the two subsets of subjects (MS(A)) was distinguished by higher expression of molecules involved in lymphocyte signaling pathways. Further, subjects in this MS(A) subset were more likely to have a new inflammatory event while on treatment with either GA or IFN-β (P = 0.0077). We thus report a transcriptional signature that differentiates subjects with MS into two classes with different levels of disease activity.
Potential of primate monoclonal antibodies to substitute for human antibodies: nucleotide sequence of chimpanzee Fab fragments (1990)

The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA that codes for Fab fragments from two chimpanzee monoclonal antibodies has been determined. Both antibodies have high affinity and good specificity for digoxin. Four domains from the two antibodies have been sequenced: the constant domains of the kappa and lambda light chains, the variable domain of the lambda light chain, and the CH1 domain of the IgG1 heavy chain. There are very few differences between the chimpanzee and human sequences; the nucleotide sequences differ by less than 2%.
A new electronic state of ammonia observed by multiphoton ionization (1978)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation George C. Nieman, Steven D. Colson; A new electronic state of ammonia observed by multiphoton ionization. J. Chem. Phys. 15 June 1978; 68 (12): 5656–5657. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.435700 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioThe Journal of Chemical Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
A prototype stimulator system for noninvasive Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound delivery. (2012)

A prototype Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound (LIFU) stimulator system was developed to evaluate non-invasive neuromodulation in a large animal model. We conducted a feasibility study on a Göttingen minipig, demonstrating reversible, targeted transcranial neuromodulation. The hypothalamus of the minipig was repeatedly stimulated with LIFU which evoked temporally correlated increases in both heart rate and blood pressure.
Detection and distribution patterns of telomerase activity in insects (2000)

Telomeres of most insects consist of pentanucleotide (TTAGG)n repeats, although the repeats are absent in Diptera and some other insect species, where the telomere regions are perhaps maintained without telomerase. To understand various and unusual telomere formation in insects, we have studied the characteristic features of a putative insect telomerase that has not been previously described. Using a modified telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP), we first detected the telomerase activity in crickets, cockroaches and two Lepidopteran insects. The telomerase from crickets and cockroaches required dATP, dGTP and dTTP but not dCTP as a substrate and sequence analyses of the products of TRAP revealed that the (TTAGG)n repeats are synthesized by telomerase. The cockroach telomerase was detected both in somatic (fat body, muscle and neural tissues) and germ line (testis) cells, suggesting that expression of this enzyme is not regulated in a tissue-specific manner at an adult stage. While we detected high levels of telomerase activity in crickets and cockroaches, we could not detect activity in all tissues and cell cultures of the silkworm, Bombyx mori and in two Drosophila and one Sarcophaga cell lines. This supports the theory that Dipteran insects maintain their telomeres without telomerase.
Probability Analysis of Cyber Attack Paths against Business and Commercial Enterprise Systems (2013)

The level of risk of attack from new cyber-crime related malware is difficult to quantify as standard risk analysis models often take an incomplete view of the overall system. In order to understand the full malware risk faced by organisations any model developed to support the analysis must be able to address a statistical combination of all feasible attack scenarios. Moreover, since all parametric aspects of a sophisticated cyber attack cannot be quantified, a degree of expert judgement needs to be applied. We develop a modeling approach that will facilitate risk assessment of common cyber attack scenarios together with likely probabilities of successful attack for each scenario. The paper demonstrates through use cases how a combined attack can be assessed.
A Bromoarene Based Approach to Phenylalanine Analogues Hic and Nic (1999)

A Heck reaction system incorporating Ph4PCl and using bromoarenes as substrates has enabled the syntheses of the conformationally constrained phenylalanine analogoues Hic and Nic to be dramatically shortened thus facilitating the production of significant quantities of these amino acids.
Top Pharmaceuticals (2005)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTTop PharmaceuticalsRUDY M. BAUMCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2005, 83, 25, 5Publication Date (Print):June 20, 2005Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 20 June 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v083n025.p005https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n025.p005editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (762 KB) SUBJECTS:Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
In Vivo Expansion of Co-Transplanted T Cells Impacts on Tumor Re-Initiating Activity of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia in NSG Mice (2013)

Human cells from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients are frequently transplanted into immune-compromised mouse strains to provide an in vivo environment for studies on the biology of the disease. Since frequencies of leukemia re-initiating cells are low and a unique cell surface phenotype that includes all tumor re-initiating activity remains unknown, the underlying mechanisms leading to limitations in the xenotransplantation assay need to be understood and overcome to obtain robust engraftment of AML-containing samples. We report here that in the NSG xenotransplantation assay, the large majority of mononucleated cells from patients with AML fail to establish a reproducible myeloid engraftment despite high donor chimerism. Instead, donor-derived cells mainly consist of polyclonal disease-unrelated expanded co-transplanted human T lymphocytes that induce xenogeneic graft versus host disease and mask the engraftment of human AML in mice. Engraftment of mainly myeloid cell types can be enforced by the prevention of T cell expansion through the depletion of lymphocytes from the graft prior transplantation.
Review of pumping by thermal molecular pressure (2000)

Pumping energy is supplied by temperature changes alone. A general feature of such pumps is that the upper pressure limit is reached when the mean free path becomes small relative to the physical dimensions of the pump in the region of the temperature transition. Thus, the upper pressure limits of these pumps have been determined by the microfabrication limits of the day; they have operated at relatively low pressures, with low throughputs, and have not become main line pumps. In recent years, however, Micro-Electronic-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) has introduced a whole new level of miniaturization to devices in general, including vacuum devices, and hence has raised the upper pressure limits, and thus the throughputs of thermal molecular pumps to atmospheric levels. The purpose of this article is to isolate the various physical manifestations of thermal molecular pumps, which have been realized over the years. The general pumping phenomenon has had various names: Knudsen compressor; thermal transpiration; thermal creep; thermodynamic, thermolecular, thermal molecular, and accommodation pumping. This multiplicity of terminology can cause some confusion and it is one of the aims of the article to simplify the situation. We have chosen the title “Pumping by Thermal Molecular Pressure” following the terminology of Knudsen. Broadly speaking, it is found that these pumps divide into two classes: (a) those requiring no specially prepared surfaces, (b) those in which special surfaces are essential. The latter have no low pressure limit. A table is assembled comparing pumps which have been built and tested, rather than those calculated on paper. Scaling rules for multiple stage pumps in series, based on results obtained for single-stage pumps are presented. A Knudsen compressor in series with an accommodation pump already promises operation from atmosphere to indefinitely low pressures, whereas an accommodation pump alone may be able to cover this range in the future. A number of potential applications of the technology such as small gas chromatographs and small valves are noted. Despite this complexity, thermal molecular pressure devices all have the compelling advantage that there are no moving parts nor any fluids in the vacuum.
Evaluation of the protective immunogenicity of the N, P, M, NV and G proteins of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using DNA vaccines (1999)

The protective immunogenicity of the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), non-virion proteln (NV) and glycoprotein (G) of the rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was assessed in rainbow trout using DNA vaccine technology. DNA vaccines were produced by amplifying and cloning the viral genes in the plasmid pCDN.4 3.1. The protective immunity elicited by each vaccine was evaluated through survival of immunized fry after challenge with live virus. Neutralizing antibody titers were also determined in vaccinated rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fry (mean weight 2 g) and 150 g sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. The serum from the 150 g fish was also used in passive immunization studies with naive fry. Our results showed that neither the internal structural proteins (N, P and M) nor the NV protein of IHNV induced protective immunity in fry or neutralizing antibodies in fry and 150 g fish when expressed by a DNA vaccine construct. The G protein, however, did confer significant protection in fry up to 80 d postimmunization and induced protective neutralizing antibodies. We are currently investigating the role of different arms of the fish immune system that contribute to the high level of protection against IHNV seen in vaccinated fish.
Adaptive force control of position/velocity controlled robots: theory and experiment (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of achieving exact dynamic force control with manipulators possessing the low level position and/or velocity controllers typically employed in industrial robot arms. Previously reported approaches and experimental results are reviewed. A new adaptive force control algorithm for velocity/position controlled robot arms in contact with surfaces of unknown linear compliance is reported. The controller provably guarantees global asymptotic convergence of force trajectory tracking errors to zero when the robot is under exact or asymptotically exact inner loop velocity control. An additional result which guarantees arbitrarily small force errors for bounded inner loop velocity tracking errors is presented. Comparative experiments show the new adaptive velocity (position) based controller and its non-adaptive counterpart to provide performance superior to that of previously reported position based force controllers.