gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raloxifene, Retinoids, and Lavender: "Me Too" Tamoxifen Alternatives Under Study (1996)

News News sphingomyelin to ceramide, and a third appears to be mediated by CD95, independent of p53."The pathways probably merge, and the point at which they merge is of great interest," said Harris.Merging pathways raise the possibility of combination therapy using ionizing radiation, cisplatin, or doxorubicin to activate p53, and something else to mobilize the CD95 pathway."The combination might be additive or synergistic," said Harris.
Monocytes and Neutrophils Oxidize Low Density Lipoprotein Making It Cytotoxic (1985)

Free radicals are believed to be involved in leukocyte induced tissue injury. The present studies were performed to determine whether low density lipoprotein (LDL) might serve as a mediator of tissue injury after leukocyte induced free radical oxidation of LDL. Our results show that incubation of LDL with monocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) leads to oxidation of the lipoprotein rendering it toxic to proliferating fibroblasts. Monocyte activation enhances these effects. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), vitamin E (vit E) and glutathione (GSH) virtually prevent the oxidation of LDL and the formation of cytotoxic LDL, indicating that these alterations are mediated by leukocyte-derived free radicals. This is the first demonstration that short-lived free radicals emanating from phagocytic cells could mediate cell injury through the action of a stable cytotoxin formed by the oxidation of LDL. The fact that lipoproteins can transfer a cytotoxic effect from leukocytes to proliferating cells reveals a pathway for cell destruction which may have implications in atherosclerotic plaque progression, macrophage mediated toxicity to tumor cells and tissue injury by inflammatory processes.
Implications of classical scheduling results for real-time systems (1995)

Knowledge of complexity, fundamental limits and performance bounds-well known for many scheduling problems-helps real time designers choose a good design and algorithm and avoid poor ones. The scheduling problem has so many dimensions that it has no accepted taxonomy. We divide scheduling theory between uniprocessor and multiprocessor results. In the uniprocessor section, we begin with independent tasks and then consider shared resources and overload. In the multiprocessor section, we divide the work between static and dynamic algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Crossover and Parallel Study of Oral Analgesics (1981)

Ten years ago, analgesics were studied using crossover designs. In recent years, analgesics have been studied only in parallel designs primarily because biostatisticians do not like crossover studies. The advantages of crossover studies are numerous: (1) patients serve as their own control; (2) there is less variability of responses among patients; and (3) a smaller number of patients is needed to provide statistically significant data. As long as crossover of treatment medications does not occur within 4 to 6 hours, the problem of carryover effect of the previous medication is insignificant or negligible. Two studies will be presented. One is a crossover study of Percodan with and without naloxone to placebo. The other is a parallel study comparing the effects of propoxyphene with naloxone to those of propoxyphene alone. The results of these studies reaffirm the value of the crossover method of evaluating analgesics.
Reanalysis of turbulence effects on short-exposure passive imaging (2011)

he standard method for modeling the atmospheric short-exposure modulation transfer function (MTF) is due to Fried. This method involves evaluating the impact of amplitude and phase modulations of the propagating wavefront after the removal of the mean wavefront tilt. This tilt is determined by a least-squares analysis. We retain a term involving the correlation between tilt-corrected phase and computed tilt vector that was formerly assumed to be zero. Inclusion of this term yields a new turbulence-strength-dependent effect that degrades performance at high integrated turbulence levels and also predicts super-resolution effects at lower integrated turbulence levels. An analytical approximation is derived from this analysis that describes the new MTF model as a function of three dimensionless parameters related to the angular frequency, system aperture diameter, and integrated turbulence strength.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships of Substituted Phenylureas on the Hill Inhibitory Activity (1984)

置換フェニル尿素のヒル反応阻害活性を, ダイズ, ダイコン, ホウレンソウおよびインゲンマメのクロロプラストを用いて測定した. 構造と活性の相関を Hansch-Fujita 法で解析した. その結果, 活性はアセトアニリドの置換基に対して推測される疎水性パラメータπおよび電子的パラメータ Hammett σによって表された. 得られた解析式より, 疎水性が大きくかつ電子供与性の置換基が, 活性を高めることが明らかとなった. 4種の植物のヒル反応阻害活性から得られた解析式は, ほとんど同じであり, クロロプラストレベルでは, 4種の植物間には差がないことが明らかとなった.
Differential Regulation of β-1,3-Glucanase Messenger RNAs in Response to Pathogen Infection (1991)

The acidic, extracellular, glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.39; beta-1,3-glucanases), pathogenesis-related proteins-2, -N, and -O (i.e. PR-2, PR-N, and PR-O) were purified from Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) and their partial amino acid sequences determined. Based on these data, complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding the proteins were isolated. Additional cDNAs were isolated that encoded proteins approximately 90% identical with PR-2, PR-N, and PR-O. Although the proteins encoded by these cDNAs have not been identified, their deduced amino acid sequences have slightly basic or neutral calculated isoelectric points, as well as carboxy-terminal extensions. These physical characteristics are shared by the vacuolar form of beta-1,3-glucanase and other vacuolar localized analogs of PR proteins, suggesting that the unidentified proteins may be similarly localized. A preliminary evolutionary model that separates the beta-1,3-glucanase gene family from tobacco into at least five distinct subfamilies is proposed. The expression of beta-1,3-glucanase messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in response to infection by tobacco mosaic virus was examined. Messages for the acidic glucanases were induced similarly to the mRNAs for other PR proteins. However, the basic glucanase showed a different response, suggesting that different isoforms are differentially regulated by tobacco mosaic virus infection at the mRNA level.
Derivative of Bardoxolone Methyl, dh404, in an Inverse Dose-Dependent Manner Lessens Diabetes-Associated Atherosclerosis and Improves Diabetic Kidney Disease (2014)

Oxidative stress and inflammation are inextricably linked and play essential roles in the initiation and progression of diabetes complications such as diabetes-associated atherosclerosis and nephropathy. Bolstering antioxidant defenses is an important mechanism to lessen oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we have used a novel analog of the NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) agonist bardoxolone methyl, dh404, to investigate its effects on diabetic macrovascular and renal injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice. We show that dh404, at lower but not higher doses, significantly lessens diabetes-associated atherosclerosis with reductions in oxidative stress (in plasma, urine, and vascular tissue) and proinflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). We demonstrate that dh404 attenuates functional (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio) and structural (mesangial expansion) glomerular injury and improves renal tubular injury. Liver functional and structural studies showed that dh404 is well tolerated. Complementary in vitro studies in normal rat kidney cells showed that dh404 significantly upregulates Nrf2-responsive genes, heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, and glutathione-S transferase, with inhibition of transforming growth factor-β-mediated profibrotic fibronectin, collagen I, and proinflammatory interleukin-6. Higher doses of dh404 were associated with increased expression of proinflammatory mediators MCP-1 and nuclear factor-κB. These findings suggest that this class of compound is worthy of further study to lessen diabetes complications but that dosage needs consideration.
Cutting Edge: Induction of B7-H4 on APCs through IL-10: Novel Suppressive Mode for Regulatory T Cells (2006)

Multiple modes of suppressive mechanisms including IL-10 are thought to be implicated in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cell-mediated suppression. However, the cellular source, role, and molecular mechanism of IL-10 in Treg cell biology remain controversial. We now studied the interaction between Treg cells and APCs. We demonstrate that Treg cells, but not conventional T cells, trigger high levels of IL-10 production by APCs, stimulate APC B7-H4 expression, and render APCs immunosuppressive. Initial blockade of B7-H4 reduces the suppressive activity mediated by Treg cell-conditioned APCs. Further, APC-derived, rather than Treg cell-derived, IL-10 is responsible for APC B7-H4 induction. Therefore, Treg cells convey suppressive activity to APCs by stimulating B7-H4 expression through IL-10. Altogether, our data provide a novel cellular and molecular mechanism for Treg cell-mediated immunosuppression at the level of APCs, and suggest a plausible mechanism for the suppressive effect of IL-10 in Treg cell-mediated suppression.
A Generalized Mean Field Algorithm for Variational Inference in Exponential Families (2012)

The mean field methods, which entail approximating intractable probability distributions variationally with distributions from a tractable family, enjoy high efficiency, guaranteed convergence, and provide lower bounds on the true likelihood. But due to requirement for model-specific derivation of the optimization equations and unclear inference quality in various models, it is not widely used as a generic approximate inference algorithm. In this paper, we discuss a generalized mean field theory on variational approximation to a broad class of intractable distributions using a rich set of tractable distributions via constrained optimization over distribution spaces. We present a class of generalized mean field (GMF) algorithms for approximate inference in complex exponential family models, which entails limiting the optimization over the class of cluster-factorizable distributions. GMF is a generic method requiring no model-specific derivations. It factors a complex model into a set of disjoint variable clusters, and uses a set of canonical fix-point equations to iteratively update the cluster distributions, and converge to locally optimal cluster marginals that preserve the original dependency structure within each cluster, hence, fully decomposed the overall inference problem. We empirically analyzed the effect of different tractable family (clusters of different granularity) on inference quality, and compared GMF with BP on several canonical models. Possible extension to higher-order MF approximation is also discussed.
Composites of Carbon Nanotubes and Conjugated Polymers for Photovoltaic Devices (1999)

The advantages of combining carbon nanotubes with conjugated polymers for high-efficiency photovoltaic devices are explored in this article. The preparation and optical properties of a composite of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) are reported and the efficiency of a photovoltaic device fabricated from the composite investigated. A quantum efficiency approximately twice that of the standard ITO device is reported, believed to be due in part to a complex interpenetrating network of polymer chains and MWNTs.
Risk factors for pneumonia and fatality in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation. (1986)

We studied risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia and fatality in 233 intensive care unit patients requiring continuous mechanical ventilation. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was diagnosed in 49 (21%) of the 233 patients. Of the 8 risk factors univariately associated with the development of pneumonia, only the presence of an intracranial pressure monitor (p less than 0.002), treatment with cimetidine (p less than 0.01), hospitalization during fall-winter seasons (p less than 0.04), and mechanical ventilator circuit changes every 24 h rather than every 48 h (p less than 0.02) remained significant after stepwise logistic regression. The overall fatality rate for the 49 patients who developed ventilator-associated pneumonia was 55%. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was 1 of 18 variables univariately associated with overall patient fatality, but it was not among the 7 variables present after multivariate analysis. The data delineate risk factors associated with the development of nosocomial pneumonia and fatality in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation.
Phase-Sensitive Manipulations of a Squeezed Vacuum Field in an Optical Parametric Amplifier inside an Optical Cavity (2008)

A squeezed vacuum field can be amplified or deamplified when it is injected, as the signal beam, into a phase-sensitive optical parametric amplifier (OPA) inside an optical cavity. The spectral features of the reflected quantized signal field are controlled by the relative phase between the injected squeezed vacuum field and the pump field for the OPA. The experimental results demonstrate coherent phenomena of OPA in the quantum regime and show phase-sensitive manipulations of quantum fluctuations for quantum information processing.
An investigation of three patients with Christmas disease due to an abnormal type of factor ix (1968)

Three patients with Christmas disease whose plasma was shown to have a prolonged one-stage prothrombin time with ox brain thromboplastin have been investigated. These patients have an inhibitor for the reaction between factor X, factor VII, and ox brain extract. The abnormal constituent responsible for this inhibitor appears to be factor IX whuch is functionally inactive but antigenically indistinguishable from normal factor IX. It is proposed that patients might be classified into haemophilia B(+) for patients with this defect (Christmas disease(+)) and haemophilia B(-) (Christmas disease(-)) for patients who have classical Christmas disease.
Generation of Monodisperse Particles by Using Microfluidics: Control over Size, Shape, and Composition (2004)

Small-scale engineering: A new strategy for the production of monodisperse colloid particles with precise control of their size, shape, and composition has been developed. Highly monodisperse liquid droplets are formed by using a microfluidic device. The droplets are shaped in a microchannel (spheres, disks, and rods; see images) and solidified in situ by either polymerization or thermal setting.
Configuration Tool for ARINC 653 Operating Systems (2014)

ARINC 653 Specification defines a standardized interface of real-time operating systems and an Application Executive (APEX) to develop the reliable applications for avionics based on Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA). The requirements of system platform based on ARINC 653 Standard are defined as configuration data and are integrated to the XML configuration file(s) in the real-time operating system. Unfortunately, existing configuration tools for integrating requirements do not provide checking the syntax errors of XML and verifying the integrity of input data for partitioning. This paper presents a configuration tool for ARINC 653 OS that consist of Wizard module which generates the basic configuration data for IMA based on XML Scheme of ARINC 653 Standard, XML and Partition Editor for the partitioning system of IMA, and Verification module which checks the integrity of input data and XML syntax with its visualization.
Comparative preclinical activity of the folate‐targeted Vinca alkaloid conjugates EC140 and EC145 (2007)

EC140 is a water soluble folate conjugate of desacetylvinblastine monohydrazide (DAVLBH), which is constructed with an endosome-cleavable acyl hydrazone bond. This agent has proven to be active and specific against well established, subcutaneous folate receptor (FR)-positive tumors in multiple animal models. Recent structure-activity and optimization studies have yielded a disulfide bond-containing counterpart to EC140, herein referred to as EC145. This new conjugate was found to retain high affinity for FR-positive cells, and it produced specific, dose-responsive activity in vitro. Comparative in vivo efficacy tests confirmed that, like EC140, EC145 displays activity against both syngeneic and xenograft tumor models. However, EC145 was found to be more active and better tolerated than EC140; hence, more durable complete responses were consistently observed in EC145-treated tumor-bearing animals. Furthermore, EC145 was not found to be active against a FR-negative tumor model. Additional preclinical studies are therefore warranted to better understand EC145's breadth of activity against FR-positive tumors.
African Origin of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 2 (HTLV-2) Supported by a Potential New HTLV-2d Subtype in Congolese Bambuti Efe Pygmies (1998)

We identified a potential new subtype within human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2), HTLV-2d, present in members of an isolated Efe Bambuti Pygmy tribe. Two of 23 Efe Pygmies were HTLV-2 seropositive, with HTLV-2 Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactivities. From one of them the entire genome of the HTLV-2 strain Efe2 could be amplified and sequenced. In all gene regions analyzed, this strain was the most divergent HTLV-2 strain, differing by 2.4% (tax/rex) to 10.7% (long terminal repeat) from both subtypes HTLV-2a and HTLV-2b, yet major functional elements are conserved. The similarity between the HTLV-2 Efe2 Gag and Env proteins and the corresponding HTLV-2a and -2b proteins is consistent with the observed serological reactivity. In the proximal pX region, one of the two alternative splice acceptor sites is abolished in HTLV-2 Efe2. Another interesting feature of this potential new subtype is that it has a Tax protein of 344 amino acids (aa), which is intermediate in length between the HTLV-2a Tax protein (331 aa) and the HTLV-2b and -2c Tax proteins (356 aa) and similar to the simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (STLV-2) PP1664 Tax protein. Together these two findings suggest a different phenotype for the HTLV-2 Efe2 strain. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the Pygmy Efe2 strain potentially belonged to a new and quite divergent subtype, HTLV-2d. When the STLV-2 bonobo viruses PP1664 and PanP were used as an outgroup, it was clear that the Pygmy HTLV-2 Efe2 strain had the longest independent evolution and that HTLV-2 evolution is consistent with an African origin.
Architecture of Mammalian Fatty Acid Synthase at 4.5 A Resolution (2006)

The homodimeric mammalian fatty acid synthase is one of the most complex cellular multienzymes, in that each 270-kilodalton polypeptide chain carries all seven functional domains required for fatty acid synthesis. We have calculated a 4.5 angstrom-resolution x-ray crystallographic map of porcine fatty acid synthase, highly homologous to the human multienzyme, and placed homologous template structures of all individual catalytic domains responsible for the cyclic elongation of fatty acid chains into the electron density. The positioning of domains reveals the complex architecture of the multienzyme forming an intertwined dimer with two lateral semicircular reaction chambers, each containing a full set of catalytic domains required for fatty acid elongation. Large distances between active sites and conformational differences between the reaction chambers demonstrate that mobility of the acyl carrier protein and general flexibility of the multienzyme must accompany handover of the reaction intermediates during the reaction cycle.
Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Intensely Red-Emitting M[sub 5]Eu(WO[sub 4])[sub 4−x](MoO[sub 4])[sub x] (M=Li, Na, K) Phosphors (2008)

We have investigated the luminescence of a series of phosphors and discovered that exhibit the most intense red emission among the three investigated. Powder X-ray diffraction investigations show that a complete solid solution can be formed in the indicated composition range. The effect of chemical compositions on the luminescence properties of has been investigated and discussed. The Commission International de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates were found to be (0.66,0.33) for , which reaches the same level as that of the commodity. The color-rendering index (a) of a typical white-light–light emitting diode (WL-LED) based on was found to be 82.3, higher than that (i.e., ) obtained for the WL-LED fabricated using the commodity of when the WL-LEDs were operated at a forward-bias current of at room temperature. is therefore suggested to be a potential red-emitting phosphor for WL-LED.
Video-based hand manipulation capture through composite motion control (2013)

This paper describes a new method for acquiring physically realistic hand manipulation data from multiple video streams. The key idea of our approach is to introduce a composite motion control to simultaneously model hand articulation, object movement, and subtle interaction between the hand and object. We formulate video-based hand manipulation capture in an optimization framework by maximizing the consistency between the simulated motion and the observed image data. We search an optimal motion control that drives the simulation to best match the observed image data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by capturing a wide range of high-fidelity dexterous manipulation data. We show the power of our recovered motion controllers by adapting the captured motion data to new objects with different properties. The system achieves superior performance against alternative methods such as marker-based motion capture and kinematic hand motion tracking.
Chromosome-specific molecular organization of maize ( Zea mays L.) centromeric regions (1998)

A set of oat-maize chromosome addition lines with individual maize (Zea mays L.) chromosomes present in plants with a complete oat (Avena sativa L.) chromosome complement provides a unique opportunity to analyze the organization of centromeric regions of each maize chromosome. A DNA sequence, MCS1a, described previously as a maize centromere-associated sequence, was used as a probe to isolate cosmid clones from a genomic library made of DNA purified from a maize chromosome 9 addition line. Analysis of six cosmid clones containing centromeric DNA segments revealed a complex organization. The MCS1a sequence was found to comprise a portion of the long terminal repeats of a retrotransposon-like repeated element, termed CentA. Two of the six cosmid clones contained regions composed of a newly identified family of tandem repeats, termed CentC. Copies of CentA and tandem arrays of CentC are interspersed with other repetitive elements, including the previously identified maize retroelements Huck and Prem2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that CentC and CentA elements are limited to the centromeric region of each maize chromosome. The retroelements Huck and Prem2 are dispersed along all maize chromosomes, although Huck elements are present in an increased concentration around centromeric regions. Significant variation in the size of the blocks of CentC and in the copy number of CentA elements, as well as restriction fragment length variations were detected within the centromeric region of each maize chromosome studied. The different proportions and arrangements of these elements and likely others provide each centromeric region with a unique overall structure.