gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute Iatrogenic Dislocation Following Hip Impingement Arthroscopic Surgery (2009)

This is the first case report of an iatrogenic anterior hip dislocation after arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement with over 1 year of follow-up. This case report describes the clinical course of a patient with symptomatic cam-pincer femoroacetabular impingement. She underwent arthroscopic rim trimming, labral debridement after a failed attempt at labral refixation from suture cut-through, and femoral head-neck resection osteoplasty. The procedure involved supranormal hip distraction for extraction of an iatrogenic loose body (detached metallic radiofrequency probe tip). The patient had an anterior hip dislocation in the recovery room. Immediate closed reduction under general anesthesia and bracing were performed but failed despite the ability to obtain a concentric but grossly unstable reduction. After 3 failed attempts, a mini-open capsulorrhaphy was performed that successfully restored stability. Her postoperative management and outcome are presented. All of the major static stabilizers of the hip (osseous, labral, and capsuloligamentous) were surgically altered, and a multifactorial causation is proposed. Lessons learned are discussed in hopes of minimizing the occurrence of this rare but dramatic complication.
Inorganic pyrophosphate in plasma in normal persons and in patients with hypophosphatasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other disorders of bone (1971)

An isotope dilution method, using (32)P-labeled pyrophosphate, has been developed for the measurement of inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(1)) in human plasma. The specificity of the method was better than 90% as assessed by elution patterns during ion-exchange chromatography, by paper chromatography, and by incubation with inorganic pyrophosphatase. The 99% confidence limits for a single estimation of plasma PP(1) was +/-13%. There were no differences in plasma PP(1) between men and women, but the values in young people (0-15 yr) were slightly higher than in older people. The mean concentration (+/-SE) of PP(1) in the plasma of 73 men and women was 3.50 +/-0.11 mumoles/liter (0.217 +/-0.007 mug P/ml) and the normal range (99% limits) was 1.19-5.65 mumoles/liter (0.074-0.350 mug P/ml). It has been suggested that PP(1) may be important in calcium metabolism because PP(1) can prevent the precipitation of calcium phosphates in vitro and in vivo, and can slow the rates at which hydroxyapatite crystals grow and dissolve. Plasma PP(1) was therefore measured in several disorders of bone. Normal values were found in osteogenesis imperfecta, osteopetrosis, "acute" osteoporosis, and primary hyperparathyroidism. Plasma PP(1) was invariably raised in hypophosphatasia. The excess of PP(1) in plasma might be the cause of the defective mineralization in hypophosphatasia and the function of alkaline phosphatase in bone may be to act as a pyrophosphatase at sites of calcium deposition.
Cooperation in wireless ad hoc networks (2003)

In wireless ad hoc networks, nodes communicate with far off destinations using intermediate nodes as relays. Since wireless nodes are energy constrained, it may not be in the best interest of a node to always accept relay requests. On the other hand, if all nodes decide not to expend energy in relaying, then network throughput will drop dramatically. Both these extreme scenarios (complete cooperation and complete noncooperation) are inimical to the interests of a user. In this paper we address the issue of user cooperation in ad hoc networks. We assume that nodes are rational, i.e., their actions are strictly determined by self interest, and that each node is associated with a minimum lifetime constraint. Given these lifetime constraints and the assumption of rational behavior, we are able to determine the optimal throughput that each node should receive. We define this to be the rational Pareto optimal operating point. We then propose a distributed and scalable acceptance algorithm called generous tit-for-tat (GTFT). The acceptance algorithm is used by the nodes to decide whether to accept or reject a relay request. We show that GTFT results in a Nash equilibrium and prove that the system converges to the rational and optimal operating point.
New normalization methods for cDNA microarray data (2003)

The normalization methods described in this paper are available via http://www.pi.csiro.au/gena/ in a software suite called tRMA: tools for R Microarray Analysis upon request of the authors. Images and data used in this paper are also available via the same link.
Elastic constants of the human lens capsule (1969)

1. A technique is described whereby the elasticity of the human lens capsule has been determined at birth and throughout life. This technique requires three separate determinations: (a) thickness; (b) stress and strain; (c) Poisson's ratio; (a) the capsule was clamped between accurately perforated ground glass plates and its thickness determined by noting the change in depth of focus between Latex spherules adhering to its upper and lower surfaces; (b) the undisturbed capsule was then placed in a specially designed glass distension apparatus and the relationship between volume and pressure recorded when it was distended with isotonic saline. The permeability of the capsule was also measured; (c) in some cases Poisson's ratio was determined by measuring the change of thickness of the capsule and the height to which it rose when distended with isotonic saline at different pressures. An apparatus was designed for this purpose.2. The average thickness of the anterior capsule increases from birth until about the 60th year but thereafter it decreases slightly.3. Poisson's ratio was about 0.47 for both cat and human capsule, and no significant variations with age in human capsule could be detected.4. Corrected volume pressure curves obeyed Hook's law almost to the point of capsule rupture.5. In childhood Young's Modulus of elasticity is about 6 x 10(7) dyn/cm(2) and decreases to 3 x 10(7) dyn/cm(2) at 60 and 1.5 x 10(7) dyn/cm(2) in extreme old age.6. The ultimate tensile stress was 2.3 x 10(7) dyn/cm(2) in young capsules and 0.7 x 10(7) dyn/cm(2) in old ones. The maximum percentage elongation was 29 per cent and independent of age.7. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to(a) the mechanical properties of the lens capsule;(b) the ageing of the lens capsule and basement membranes; and(c) the decrease in elasticity of the lens capsule as a cause of presbyopia.
Distinct molecular mechanisms of HTRA1 mutants in manifesting heterozygotes with CARASIL (2016)

The mutant HTRA1s observed in manifesting heterozygotes might result in an impaired HTRA1 activation cascade of HTRA1 or be unable to form stable trimers.
Airway epithelial cells are the site of expression of a mammalian antimicrobial peptide gene. (1993)

We previously reported the isolation and characterization of a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide from the bovine tracheal mucosa, which we called tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP). We now show the TAP gene is expressed throughout the adult conducting airway, from nasal to bronchiolar tissue, but not in tissues other than airway mucosa, as determined by Northern blot analysis. In situ hybridization of airway sections localizes TAP mRNA to columnar cells of the pseudostratified epithelium. We report the structural organization of the TAP gene and show that TAP is a member of a large family of related sequences with high nucleotide identity in the 5' exon. The data support the hypothesis that antimicrobial peptides contribute to host defense of the respiratory tract.
One-step synthesis and spectral study of some 1-methylbenzimidazoles, including use of a lanthanide shift reagent (1974)

Substituted o-phenylenediamines (1) or their monoacetyl derivatives react with formaldehyde in boiling ethanol containing hydrochloric acid to give moderate yields of the corresponding 1-methylbenzimidazoles in one step. 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine gives the 6-nitro-derivative (2a; R = NO2); 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine produces the 5-chlorobenzimidazole (2b; R = Cl), but a mixture of the isomers (2a) and (2b) is obtained when R is another substituent. The synthesis of several new 1-methylbenzimidazoles is described and a comparison is made of the spectra of several isomeric pairs. They are most easily distinguished by their n.m.r. spectra: it is usually necessary to use a lanthanide shift reagent in order to analyse the spectra. The latter show that tris(pivaloylmethanato)europium(III) complexes at N-3 in the presence of various substituents on the benzene ring, e.g., methyl, halogeno, cyano, nitro, ethoxycarbonyl, or amino.
Architectural Issues of JMS Compliant Group Communication (2005)

Group communication provides one-to-many communication primitives that simplify the development of highly available services. Despite advances in research and numerous prototypes, group communication stays confined to small niches. To facilitate the acceptance of group communication by a larger community, a new specification and API, called JMSGroups, based on the popular Java Message Service (JMS) has previously been presented. As a follow-up, this paper focuses on the architectural issues of the JMSGroups implementation. We consider an implementation based on a JMS server, i.e., a JMS server that is modified internally to provide a group communication service. Usually JMS server is implemented as a single entity providing its service to numerous clients. However, single server architecture is exposed to failures and is not suitable for group communication. To address this problem, we discuss the issues related to the JMS server replication (first without providing group communication). Different replicated architecture options are presented and compared. Finally, we show how to construct a fault-tolerant JMSGroups system, by extending the replicated JMS server with a group communication service.
Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations of Kikuchi's Disease in Children and Differences Between Patients With and Without Prolonged Fever (2005)

The clinical presentation of KD in pediatric patients is similar to that of adults. KD is a benign, self-limiting disease; prolonged fever occurred only in 32.8% of pediatric patients in our cohort. Leukopenia was the only feature significantly associated with prolonged fever.
p53 Sites Acetylated In Vitro by PCAF and p300 Are Acetylated In Vivo in Response to DNA Damage (1999)

The p53 tumor suppressor protein is a sequence-specific transcription factor that modulates the response of cells to DNA damage. Recent studies suggest that full transcriptional activity of p53 requires the coactivators CREB binding protein (CBP)/p300 and PCAF. These coactivators interact with each other, and both possess intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity. Furthermore, p300 acetylates p53 to activate its sequence-specific DNA binding activity in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that PCAF also acetylates p53 in vitro at a lysine residue distinct from that acetylated by p300 and thereby increases p53's ability to bind to its cognate DNA site. We have generated antibodies to acetylated p53 peptides at either of the two lysine residues that are targeted by PCAF or p300 and have demonstrated that these antibodies are highly specific for both acetylation and the particular site. Using these antibodies, we detect acetylation of these sites in vivo, and interestingly, acetylation at both sites increases in response to DNA-damaging agents. These data indicate that site-specific acetylation of p53 increases under physiological conditions that activate p53 and identify CBP/p300 and PCAF as the probable enzymes that modify p53 in vivo.
Deficient Ganglioside Biosynthesis: A Novel Human Sphingolipidosis (1975)

An unusual lipid storage disese is chracterized by the accumulation of hematoside (Gms3) in the patient's liver and brain. In contrast to the other sphingoliidoses, the accumulation of Gm3 is not the result of a defective catabolic reaction, but is the first disorder caused by deficiency in ganglioside biosynthesis to be described in man.
Skeletal Unloading Causes Resistance of Osteoprogenitor Cells to Parathyroid Hormone and to Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (1999)

Skeletal unloading decreases bone formation and osteoblast number in vivo and decreases the number and proliferation of bone marrow osteoprogenitor (BMOp) cells in vitro. We tested the ability of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to stimulate BMOp cells in vivo by treating Sprague Dawley rats (n = 32) with intermittent PTH(1-34) (1 h/day at 8 microg/100 g of body weight), or with vehicle via osmotic minipumps during 7 days of normal weight bearing or hind limb unloading. Marrow cells were flushed from the femur and cultured at the same initial density for up to 21 days. PTH treatment of normally loaded rats caused a 2.5-fold increase in the number of BMOp cells, with similar increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization, compared with cultures from vehicle-treated rats. PTH treatment of hind limb unloaded rats failed to stimulate BMOp cell number, ALP activity, or mineralization. Hind limb unloading had no significant effect on PTH receptor mRNA or protein levels in the tibia. Direct in vitro PTH challenge of BMOp cells isolated from normally loaded bone failed to stimulate their proliferation and inhibited their differentiation, suggesting that the in vivo anabolic effect of intermittent PTH on BMOp cells was mediated indirectly by a PTH-induced factor. We hypothesize that this factor is insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), which stimulated the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of BMOp cells isolated from normally loaded bone, but not from unloaded bone. These results suggest that IGF-I mediates the ability of PTH to stimulate BMOp cell proliferation in normally loaded bone, and that BMOp cells in unloaded bone are resistant to the anabolic effect of intermittent PTH therapy due to their resistance to IGF-I.
Sequencing of large double-stranded DNA using the dideoxy sequencing technique (1982)

The dideoxy sequencing technique has been applied to the direct sequencing of large double-stranded DNA molecules with a small single-stranded primer. For instance, the method was applied to the lambda genome, which contains 48 502 base-pairs (Sanger F, Coulson AR, Hong GF, Hill D & Petersen GB, 1982, J. Mol. Biol., in press), and the coding region for gene W identified. The procedure proves useful in the sequence analysis of a large number of different mutations in a particular region and in the analysis of eukaryotic DNA cloned in plasmids, phages, and cosmids.
A built-in self-test algorithm for row/column pattern sensitive faults in RAMs (1990)

Row and column sensitive faults in RAMs are a class of faults in which the contents of a cell become sensitive to the contents of the row and column containing the cell in presence of a fault. A fault model that includes such faults is formally defined, and an algorithm to detect faults on the basis of this model is presented. Two different implementations of the algorithm for a VLSI built-in-self-test (BIST) environment are presented. They are a random-logic-based design and a microcode-based design. Additional properties of the algorithm, such as its capability to detect stuck-at faults, coupling faults, and conventional pattern sensitive faults, are identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
斧头、锤子、铁锹理财法 (2005)

看到这个题目,大家一定会纳闷,这些木匠和农民用的工具与理财有什么关系?其实,这些工具的形状与家庭理财的组合结构有着惊人的相似,不同的家庭适合不同的“工具”,斧头、锤子、铁锹理财法可以说各有特色。
Anticancer Effects of Baicalein on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (2014)

The therapeutic potential of baicalein against hepatoma cells was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In cell viability assays, baicalein showed significant cytotoxicity against the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines H22, Bel-7404, and Hep G2 and moderate cytotoxicity against immortalized human hepatocytes. Baicalein induced G0/G1-phase arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, inhibited AKT, and promoted the degradation of β-catenin and cyclin D1 without activation of GSK-3β. Furthermore, baicalein significantly inhibited H22 xenograft tumor growth without causing obvious adverse effects on weight or liver and spleen weight indexes in ICR mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the inhibition of tumor growth in baicalein-treated mice was associated with decreased AKT, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 expression ex vivo. Our data indicate that baicalein might regulate cyclin D1 transcription via a β-catenin-dependent mechanism, leading to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and impaired cancer cell proliferation. These results suggest that baicalein is a potential candidate for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Combined blockade of protein kinase A and bcl-2 by antisense strategy induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis. (2001)

Protein kinase A type I (PKAI) plays a key role in neoplastic transformation, conveys mitogenic signals from different sources, and is overexpressed in the majority of human tumors. Inhibition of PKAI by different tools results in cancer-cell growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo. We and others have recently shown that a novel class of mixed-backbone oligonucleotides targeting the PKAI subunit RIalpha exhibits improved pharmacokinetic properties and antitumor activity accompanied by increased apoptosis in several human cancer types in vitro and in vivo. The role of bcl-2 in the control of apoptosis has been widely documented, and the inhibition of bcl-2 expression and function may have important therapeutic implications. In fact, oligonucleotides antisense bcl-2 have shown antitumor activity in animal models and have successfully completed early clinical trials. Recent studies have demonstrated a direct role of PKA in the regulation of the bcl-2-dependent apoptotic pathway. Therefore, we have investigated the combined blockade of PKA and bcl-2 by antisense strategy as a potential therapeutic approach. The novel hybrid DNA/RNA mixed-backbone oligonucleotide antisense RIalpha (AS RIalpha) in combination with the antisense bcl-2 (AS bcl-2), cooperatively inhibited bcl-2 expression and soft agar growth and induced apoptosis in different human cancer cell lines. p.o. administration of AS RIalpha in combination with i.p. AS bcl-2 caused a marked antitumor effect and a significant prolongation of survival in nude mice bearing human colon cancer xenografts. Moreover, histochemical analysis of tumor specimens showed inhibition of RIalpha and Ki67 expression, inhibition of angiogenesis, and parallel induction of apoptosis in vivo. The results of our study imply an interaction between the PKA and bcl-2 signaling pathways and, because both antisenses have now entered Phase II trials, provide the rationale to translate this novel therapeutic strategy in a clinical setting.
Heterozygosity forLepoborLeprdbaffects body composition and leptin homeostasis in adult mice (1998)

In an effort to understand the genetics of human obesity, we have studied the physiology and molecular genetics of rodent models with monogenetic forms of obesity including the leptin gene-defective (Lep(ob)/Lep(ob)) and leptin receptor gene-defective (Lep(rdb)/Lep(rdb)) mouse. In the experiments reported here, we investigated the effects of heterozygosity at Lep(ob) and Lep(rdb) on body composition and circulating leptin concentration in +/+, Lep(rdb)/+, and Lep(ob)/+ adult mice to identify possible gene dosage effects of these mutations that might elucidate their physiology. Adult mice heterozygous for the Lep(ob) or Lep(rdb) allele had equivalent fat mass and percentage body fat, which was increased 27-47% and 23-35%, respectively, relative to +/+ littermates. Plasma leptin concentrations adjusted for fat mass were 6.5 ng/ml in the Lep(ob)/+, 9.6 ng/ml in the +/+, and 11.5 ng/ml in the Lep(rdb)/+ mice. Sex had no effect on plasma leptin after controlling for fat mass. These data, and data from a small number of mice heterozygous at both Lep(ob) and Lep(rdb) (compound heterozygotes), suggest that leptin protein produced per mass of body fat is reduced in Lep(ob)/+ mice and that body fat is increased in Lep(ob)/+ mice until plasma leptin concentrations reach that of a normal +/+ mouse. The elevated plasma leptin concentration in the Lep(rdb)/+ mice suggests that LEPR may mediate autocrine suppression of Lep expression. These results raise the possibility that human mutations that have even subtle effects on the leptin/leptin receptor system in either the homozygous or heterozygous state may have significant effects on adiposity.
Self‐Assembled DNA Nanoclews for the Efficient Delivery of CRISPR–Cas9 for Genome Editing (2015)

CRISPR-Cas9 represents a promising platform for genome editing, yet means for its safe and efficient delivery remain to be fully realized. A novel vehicle that simultaneously delivers the Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA) is based on DNA nanoclews, yarn-like DNA nanoparticles that are synthesized by rolling circle amplification. The biologically inspired vehicles were efficiently loaded with Cas9/sgRNA complexes and delivered the complexes to the nuclei of human cells, thus enabling targeted gene disruption while maintaining cell viability. Editing was most efficient when the DNA nanoclew sequence and the sgRNA guide sequence were partially complementary, offering a design rule for enhancing delivery. Overall, this strategy provides a versatile method that could be adapted for delivering other DNA-binding proteins or functional nucleic acids.
Expression of Iron-Related Proteins Differentiate Non-Cancerous and Cancerous Breast Tumors (2017)

We have previously reported hepcidin and ferritin increases in the plasma of breast cancer patients, but not in patients with benign breast disease. We hypothesized that these differences in systemic iron homeostasis may reflect alterations in different iron-related proteins also play a key biochemical and regulatory role in breast cancer. Thus, here we explored the expression of a bundle of molecules involved in both iron homeostasis and tumorigenesis in tissue samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or reverse-phase protein array (RPPA), were used to measure the expression of 20 proteins linked to iron processes in 24 non-cancerous, and 56 cancerous, breast tumors. We found that cancerous tissues had higher level of hepcidin than benign lesions (p = 0.012). The univariate analysis of RPPA data highlighted the following seven proteins differentially expressed between non-cancerous and cancerous breast tissue: signal transducer and transcriptional activator 5 (STAT5), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6), cluster of differentiation 74 (CD74), transferrin receptor (TFRC), inhibin alpha (INHA), and STAT5_pY694. These findings were confirmed for STAT5, STAT3, BMP6, CD74 and INHA when adjusting for age. The multivariate statistical analysis indicated an iron-related 10-protein panel effective in separating non-cancerous from cancerous lesions including STAT5, STAT5_pY694, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88), CD74, iron exporter ferroportin (FPN), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), STAT3_pS727, TFRC, ferritin heavy chain (FTH), and ferritin light chain (FTL). Our results showed an association between some iron-related proteins and the type of tumor tissue, which may provide insight in strategies for using iron chelators to treat breast cancer.