gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow‐Derived Cells Contribute to Podocyte Regeneration and Amelioration of Renal Disease in a Mouse Model of Alport Syndrome (2006)

In a model of autosomally recessive Alport syndrome, mice that lack the alpha3 chain of collagen IV (Col4alpha3(-/-)) develop progressive glomerular damage leading to renal failure. The proposed mechanism is that podocytes fail to synthesize normal glomerular basement membrane, so the collagen IV network is unstable and easily degraded. We used this model to study whether bone marrow (BM) transplantation can rectify this podocyte defect by correcting the deficiency in Col4alpha3. Female C57BL/6 Col4alpha3(-/-) (-/-) mice were transplanted with whole BM from male wild-type (+/+) mice. Control female -/- mice received BM from male -/- littermates. Serum urea and creatinine levels were significantly lower in recipients of +/+ BM compared with those of -/- BM 20 weeks post-transplant. Glomerular scarring and interstitial fibrosis were also significantly decreased. Donor-derived cells were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) for the Y chromosome, and fluorescence and confocal microscopy indicated that some showed an apparent podocyte phenotype in mice transplanted with +/+ BM. Glomeruli of these mice showed small foci of staining for alpha3(IV) protein by immunofluorescence. alpha3(IV) mRNA was detectable by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and ISH in some mice transplanted with +/+ BM but not -/- BM. However, a single injection of mesenchymal stem cells from +/+ mice to irradiated -/- recipients did not improve renal disease. Our data show that improved renal function in Col4alpha3(-/-) mice results from BM transplantation from wild-type donors, and the mechanism by which this occurs may in part involve generation of podocytes without the gene defect.
Excimer laser ablation of fibrocartilage: An in vitro and in vivo study (1991)

To date, lasers have found only limited applications in orthopedics. We employed a 308 nm XeCl excimer laser for ablation of fibrocartilage, in order to investigate the feasibility of excimer laser assisted meniscectomy. Experiments were conducted both in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro study, human menisci, obtained during surgery and autopsy, were irradiated via a 600 microns core fiber at radiant exposures ranging between 20 mj/mm2 and 80 mj/mm2, at 20 Hz. Ablation rate measurements and histological analysis of the samples were performed. The ablation rates were found to range from 3 microns/pulse to 100 microns/pulse depending on the radiant exposure and/or the applied pressure on the fiber delivery system. Thermographic analysis was also performed during pulsed excimer as well as CW Nd:Yag and CW CO2 laser irradiation. Temperatures were lower for excimer laser (Tmax less than 65 degrees) than CW ND: Yag (Tmax less than 210 degrees) or CW CO2 (Tmax less than 202 degrees) laser. For the in vitro study, medial meniscectomy was performed in 15 rabbits with the excimer laser and a CW Nd:Yag laser in the right and left knee respectively. Excimer laser irradiation was performed at 70 mj/mm2. Nd:Yag irradiation was performed via a 600 microns core fiber at power outputs between 20 to 40 W for 10 and 20 seconds duration. The healing response to injury was investigated by histological analysis of the menisci after 1 day, 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks following the laser procedure. Excimer laser treated menisci showed less inflammatory reaction and noticeable repair with minimal inflammatory response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<title>High-density fiber optic biosensor arrays</title> (2002)

Novel approaches are required to coordinate the immense amounts of information derived from diverse genomes. This concept has influenced the expanded role of high-throughput DNA detection and analysis in the biological sciences. A high-density fiber optic DNA biosensor was developed consisting of oligonucleotide-functionalized, 3.1 mm diameter microspheres deposited into the etched wells on the distal face of a 500 micrometers imaging fiber bundle. Imaging fiber bundles containing thousands of optical fibers, each associated with a unique oligonucleotide probe sequence, were the foundation for an optically connected, individually addressable DNA detection platform. Different oligonucleotide-functionalized microspheres were combined in a stock solution, and randomly dispersed into the etched wells. Microsphere positions were registered from optical dyes incorporated onto the microspheres. The distribution process provided an inherent redundancy that increases the signal-to-noise ratio as the square root of the number of sensors examined. The representative amount of each probe-type in the array was dependent on their initial stock solution concentration, and as other sequences of interest arise, new microsphere elements can be added to arrays without altering the existing detection capabilities. The oligonucleotide probe sequences hybridize to fluorescently-labeled, complementary DNA target solutions. Fiber optic DNA microarray research has included DNA-protein interaction profiles, microbial strain differentiation, non-labeled target interrogation with molecular beacons, and single cell-based assays. This biosensor array is proficient in DNA detection linked to specific disease states, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP's) discrimination, and gene expression analysis. This array platform permits multiple detection formats, provides smaller feature sizes, and enables sensor design flexibility. High-density fiber optic microarray biosensors provide a fast, reversible format with the detection limit of a few hundred molecules.
Load-Sharing Between Anterior and Posterior Elements in a Lumbar Motion Segment Implanted With an Artificial Disc (2001)

The models suggest that, by altering placement of the artificial disc in the anteroposterior direction, a surgeon can modulate motion-segment flexuralstiffness and posterior load-sharing, even though the specific disc replacement design has no inherent rotational stiffness.
A Randomized Trial Comparing Ticlopidine Hydrochloride with Aspirin for the Prevention of Stroke in High-Risk Patients (1989)

We report the results of the Ticlopidine Aspirin Stroke Study, a blinded trial at 56 North American centers that compared the effects of ticlopidine hydrochloride (500 mg daily) with those of aspirin (1300 mg daily) on the risk of stroke or death. The medications were randomly assigned to 3069 patients with recent transient or mild persistent focal cerebral or retinal ischemia. Follow-up lasted for two to six years. The three-year event rate for nonfatal stroke or death from any cause was 17 percent for ticlopidine and 19 percent for aspirin--a 12 percent risk reduction (95 percent confidence interval, -2 to 26 percent) with ticlopidine (P = 0.048 for cumulative Kaplan-Meier estimates). The rates of fatal and nonfatal stroke at three years were 10 percent for ticlopidine and 13 percent for aspirin--a 21 percent risk reduction (95 percent confidence interval, 4 to 38 percent) with ticlopidine (P = 0.024 for cumulative Kaplan-Meier estimates). Ticlopidine was more effective than aspirin in both sexes. The adverse effects of aspirin included diarrhea (10 percent), rash (5.5 percent), peptic ulceration (3 percent), gastritis (2 percent), and gastrointestinal bleeding (1 percent). With ticlopidine, diarrhea (20 percent), skin rash (14 percent), and severe but reversible neutropenia (less than 1 percent) were noted. The mean increase in total cholesterol level was 9 percent with ticlopidine and 2 percent with aspirin (P less than 0.01). The ratios of high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein to total cholesterol were similar in both treatment groups. We conclude that ticlopidine was somewhat more effective than aspirin in preventing strokes in this population, although the risks of side effects were greater.
Proteins at membrane surfaces—a review of approaches (2007)

Membrane proteins are critical for normal cellular differentiation and function, and alterations in these proteins often leads to cell dysfunction and disease. Membrane proteomics aims to identify the membrane protein constituents, their posttranslational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and dynamics. Efforts to identify membrane proteins and elucidate their dynamics have been plagued by the challenges presented by studying water insoluble proteins that are distributed among a range of membranes in a cell and often occur at a relatively low abundance. This brief review presents a summary of the literature related to membrane proteomics with an emphasis on efforts to develop effective protocols for the enrichment of membrane proteins, particularly those located in the plasma membrane.
Control of Hairpin Formation via Proline Configuration in Parallel β-Sheet Model Systems (2000)

The simplest strategy for creation of parallel β-sheet model systems is to link adjacent peptide strands via their N-termini or via their C-termini. This connectivity requires unnatural linking segments. We describe dipeptide mimics that can serve as N-to-N or C-to-C linkers, and we demonstrate their efficacy by conformational analysis of tetrapeptide analogues in chloroform. The tetrapeptide analogues can adopt strand−loop−strand (“hairpin”) conformations in which the residues at each end, l-valine and l-leucine, engage in parallel sheet hydrogen bonding interactions. Our linkers contain proline residues, to impart a preferred local twist. We show that linkers containing d-proline promote parallel sheet interactions between the strand l-residues, while linkers containing l-proline do not promote parallel sheet interactions. The preference for one linker twist is presumably related to the right-handed twist displayed by strands in protein β-sheets (parallel and antiparallel); analogous linker twist preferences have been observed in antiparallel β-sheet model systems.
ras gene mutations in human prostate cancer. (1990)

Point mutations at codons 12, 13, or 61 of the Ha-, Ki-, and N-ras genes are able to convert these normal cellular genes into activated oncogenes. Previous studies have shown that ras gene mutations occur in a variety of human solid tumors and may be important in the pathogenesis of some of these tumors. In order to test the hypothesis that ras gene mutations may be associated with prostate cancer, we have used an oligodeoxynucleotide hybridization assay to detect wild-type and mutant alleles in genomic DNA from prostate tumors and prostate tumor cell lines amplified using the polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-four primary prostate tumors (23 acinar tumors and one ductal tumor) and five prostate tumor cell lines were examined for mutations at codons 12, 13, and 61 of the Ki-ras, Ha-ras, and N-ras genes. Two mutations were detected: an A----G transition causing a glutamine to arginine amino acid substitution at codon 61 of the Ha-ras gene in a primary prostatic duct adenocarcinoma and a G----T transversion causing a glycine to valine amino acid substitution at codon 12 of the Ha-ras gene in a prostate tumor cell line (TSU-PR1) derived from a lymph node metastasis. While the overall frequency of ras gene mutations in prostate tumors is low, when these mutations do occur they may have a role in the progression of disease or the development of the unusual ductal variant of prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Absolute Requirement for Free Sterol for Absorption by Rat Intestinal Mucosa. (1964)

An enzymatically unhydrolyzable ester of cholesterol, cholesterol-4-C14 α,α-methyl ethyl caproate, has been synthesized. This ester was infused in micellar dispersion into the duodenum of lymph fistula rats. After 12 hours, 98.1% of the administered ester was recovered unaltered from the feces and intestinal contents. There was none of this ester in intestinal tissue or lymph. The data provide convincing evidence that the initial transfer of cholesterol into mucosal cells is specific for free cholesterol, and that cholesterol esters are not absorbed from the intestinal lumen prior to hydrolysis.
Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Lymphadenectomy for Breast Cancer (1994)

This experience indicates that intraoperative lymphatic mapping can accurately identify the sentinel node--i.e., the axillary lymph node most likely to contain breast cancer metastases--in some patients. The technique could enhance staging accuracy and, with further refinements and experience, might alter the role of ALND.
Combining Acoustic Embeddings and Decoding Features for End-of-Utterance Detection in Real-Time Far-Field Speech Recognition Systems (2018)

We present an end-of-utterance detector for real-time automatic speech recognition in far-field scenarios. The proposed system consists of three components: a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network trained on acoustic features, an LSTM trained on l-best recognition hypotheses of the automatic speech recognition (ASR) decoder, and a feedforward deep neural network (DNN) combining embeddings derived from both LSTMs with pause duration features from the ASR decoder. At inference time, lower and upper latency (pause duration) bounds act as safeguards. Within the latency bounds, the utterance end-point is triggered as soon as the DNN posterior reaches a tuned threshold. Our experimental evaluation is carried out on real recordings of natural human interactions with voice-controlled far-field devices. We show that the acoustic embeddings are the single most powerful feature and particularly suitable for cross-lingual applications. We furthermore show the benefit of ASR decoder features, especially as a low cost alternative to ASR hypothesis em-beddings.
Genome Sequence of Brevibacillus laterosporus LMG 15441, a Pathogen of Invertebrates (2011)

Here we announce the genome sequence of the bacterium Brevibacillus laterosporus LMG 15441, which is a pathogen of invertebrates. The genome consists of one chromosome and two circular plasmids. Sequence analysis revealed a large potential to produce polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, and toxins.
Ka-band 2.3W power AlGaN/GaN heterojunction FET (2003)

Describes the first successful watt-level Ka-band power operation of an AlGaN/GaN heterojunction FET fabricated on a SiC substrate. Taking the advantage of high breakdown voltage, high-current, and high-gain characteristics of the short-channel GaN-based FET, state-of-the-art high-power performance of >2W has been achieved at 30GHz from a single chip having a gate width of 0.36mm. The developed device with a gate length of 0.25/spl mu/m exhibited a linear gain of 8.8dB at 30GHz, indicating that the short-channel AlGaN/GaN FET is promising for a variety of high-power applications at Ka-band and above.
Pressure Transient Analysis of Wells with Finite Conductivity Vertical Fractures in Double Porosity Reservoirs (1988)

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results obtained in the study of the transient behavior of a well intersected by a finite conductivity vertical fracture in a double porosity reservoir. Two models are considered to take into account the fluid transfer between matrix blocks and fractures: the pseudo-steady-state matrix flow model and the transient matrix flow model. A general semianalytical model and simplified fully analytical models are presented. It is demonstrated that these systems exhibit the basic behavior of a well with a finite conductivity fracture: that is bilinear flow, pseudolinear flow and pseudoradial flow in addition to the transition flow periods. Each of these flow periods is under the influence of the different states of the fluid transfer between matrix and fractures; that is fracture dominated period, transition period and total system dominated period. It is shown that correlating parameters are the dimension-less fracture conductivity (kfbf)D, the fracture storativity coefficient ω and the interporosity flow parameter λf(or the dimension-less matrix hydraulic diffusivity ηmaD). It was found, for the transient matrix flow model, that the pressure behavior exhibits 1/8 slope in a log-log graph during the bilinear flow dominated by the transition period of the fluid transfer. Hence a graph of pressure versus t1/8 yields a straight line passing through the origin. During the pseudolinear flow, and if the fluid transfer is in the transition period, a log-log graph of the prerssure versus time exhibits 1/4 slope straight line. This means that a graph of p versus t1/4 yields a straight line. Hence it is concluded that bilinear flow is not the only type of flow that exhibits the one quarter slope type of behavior. Type curves are presented to analyze data falling in the bilinear – pseudolinear flow regions. The effect of wellbore storage are also included. The general semianalytical models yields simultaneous the constant flow rate and the constant pressure solutions as well as the pressure derivative function for the constant rate case.
Pharmacology of CS-747 (prasugrel, LY640315), a Novel, Potent Antiplatelet Agent with in Vivo P2Y12Receptor Antagonist Activity (2005)

CS-747 (prasugrel, LY640315) is a member of the thienopyridine class of oral platelet aggregation inhibitors that includes ticlopidine and clopidogrel. A single oral administration of CS-747 produced a dose-related inhibition of platelet aggregation in rats that was approximately 10- and 100-fold more potent than that of clopidogrel and ticlopidine, respectively. The antiaggregatory effect of CS-747 was evident at 30 minutes and lasted until 72 hours after dosing, indicating fast onset and long duration of action. CS-747 showed more potent antithrombotic activity compared with clopidogrel and ticlopidine with the same rank order as the antiaggregatory potencies. Combined administration of CS-747 with aspirin to rats produced substantially greater inhibition of both platelet aggregation and thrombus formation compared with each agent alone. The antiplatelet action of CS-747 is due to irreversible and selective blockade of platelet P2Y (12) adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptors by its active metabolite R-138727. In phase I studies, a single oral dose of CS-747 (30 and 75 mg) produced > 50% inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, with rapid onset (1 hour) and long duration (> 48 hours) of action. In healthy volunteers, once-daily administration of 10 mg CS-747 for 10 days showed significant cumulative inhibition of platelet aggregation from 2 days after the first dose until at least 2 days after the final dose. Studies conducted to date indicate that CS-747 is a highly effective antiplatelet and antithrombotic agent and is anticipated to be effective in the treatment of atherothrombotic and other ischemic vascular diseases.
A Low-Complexity ECG Feature Extraction Algorithm for Mobile Healthcare Applications (2013)

This paper introduces a low-complexity algorithm for the extraction of the fiducial points from the Electrocardiogram (ECG). The application area we consider is that of remote cardiovascular monitoring, where continuous sensing and processing takes place in low-power, computationally constrained devices, thus the power consumption and complexity of the processing algorithms should remain at a minimum level. Under this context, we choose to employ the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with the Haar function being the mother wavelet, as our principal analysis method. From the modulus-maxima analysis on the DWT coefficients, an approximation of the ECG fiducial points is extracted. These initial findings are complimented with a refinement stage, based on the time-domain morphological properties of the ECG, which alleviates the decreased temporal resolution of the DWT. The resulting algorithm is a hybrid scheme of time and frequency domain signal processing. Feature extraction results from 27 ECG signals from QTDB, were tested against manual annotations and used to compare our approach against the state-of-the art ECG delineators. In addition, 450 signals from the 15-lead PTBDB are used to evaluate the obtained performance against the CSE tolerance limits. Our findings indicate that all but one CSE limits are satisfied. This level of performance combined with a complexity analysis, where the upper bound of the proposed algorithm, in terms of arithmetic operations, is calculated as 2:423N + 214 additions and 1:093N + 12 multiplications for N 861 or 2:553N + 102 additions and 1:093N +10 multiplications for N > 861 (N being the number of input samples), reveals that the proposed method achieves an ideal trade-off between computational complexity and performance, a key requirement in remote CVD monitoring systems.
Comparison of the synthetic utility of n-butyllithium and lithium diisopropylamide in the metalations of N,N-dialkyltoluamides (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of the synthetic utility of n-butyllithium and lithium diisopropylamide in the metalations of N,N-dialkyltoluamidesRobert E. Ludt, Jonathan S. Griffiths, Kim N. McGrath, and C. R. HauserCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 9, 1668–1674Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00949a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00949a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views363Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Superconducting Quantum Circuits, Qubits and Computing (2005)

This paper gives an introduction to the physics and principles of operation of quantized superconducting electrical circuits for quantum information processing.