gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lysis of human solid tumors by autologous cells sensitized in vitro to alloantigens. (1981)

Human lymphocytes sensitized in vitro to allogeneic single-donor cells as well as to pools of allogeneic donor cells were evaluated for their cytotoxic potential against autologous fresh solid tumor cells, autologous tissue-cultured tumor and fibroblasts, fresh peripheral blood lymphoid cells (PBL), and Con A blasts of PBL. Using 4-hr 51Cr release assays, pool-sensitized effector cells lysed autologous tissue-cultured tumor and fibroblast targets in 4 of 4 experiments. Similarly, in 2 of 2 experiments with single-donor allosensitized effectors, autologous tissue-cultured tumor was lysed. No lysis of fresh PBL was seen. Significant lysis of fresh autologous tumor target cells was seen in 10 of 12 experiments with pool-sensitized effectors, though, again, no lysis of autologous PBL was observed. No lysis of autologous Con A blasts was seen in 2 of 2 experiments. Fresh tumor cells, PBL, and Con A blasts appeared equally lysable, since they were equally lysed by effector cells specifically sensitized to alloantigens present on these cells. Cold target inhibition studies demonstrated that cultured tumor and fibroblasts but not PBL shared the determinants recognized by pool-sensitized cells.
Bcl-2 immunoreactivity in breast carcinoma correlates with hormone receptor positivity. (1994)

The protein encoded by the Bcl-2 proto-oncogene has been shown to inhibit programmed cell death and has been primarily studied in hematolymphoid malignancies. Recent work ahs elucidated Bcl-2 expression in nonhematolymphoid malignancies of the lung, prostate, and nasopharynx. Studies of Bcl-2 expression in prostate carcinoma have suggested that its expression may be related to hormonal control. To determine its presence and possible significance in breast carcinoma, a malignancy in which therapy is influenced by hormone receptor status, we used a monoclonal antibody directed against the Bcl-2 gene product to examine Bcl-2 immunoreactivity in a series of paraffin-embedded primary breast tumors. Benign breast tissue showed Bcl-2 positivity in the basal layer and in superficial cells. Twenty-four of 41 (58%) carcinomas were Bcl-2 positive. Staining for Bcl-2 was equivocal in two cases. We identified a strong correlation between Bcl-2 expression and hormone receptor positivity as 23 of 24 (96%) cases that were Bcl-2 positive were estrogen receptor (ER) positive (P = 0.0001) and 21 of 24 (87.5%) were positive for progesterone receptor PR (P = 0.0001). Of 15 Bcl-2-negative cases, 14 (93%) were ER negative and all were PR negative. One case of mucinous carcinoma was ER positive and Bcl-2 negative. Grade 1 and 2 tumors (Scarff-Bloom-Richardson scale) were almost three times as likely to be Bcl-2 positive (90%) as grade 3 tumors (33%) (P = 0.0057). Bcl-2 reactivity appears to be more prevalent in well-differentiated tumors, suggesting that its presence may diminish with loss of differentiation, a hypothesis that is further supported by a subset of cases that were ER negative, Bcl-2 negative, and of poor histological grade. These may be tumors that do not require Bcl-2 inhibition of apoptosis and respond to hormonally independent proliferation factors. Our findings support the hypothesis that Bcl-2 expression may be related to hormonal regulation in breast carcinoma.
Identification and Characterization of the Erwinia amylovora rpoS Gene: RpoS Is Not Involved in Induction of Fireblight Disease Symptoms (1998)

The Erwinia amylovora rpoS gene, encoding the alternative sigma factor RpoS, has been cloned and characterized. Though highly sensitive to a number of environmental stresses, an E. amylovora rpoS mutant was not compromised in its ability to grow or cause disease symptoms within apple seedlings or in an overwintering model.
Francis Ponge and Postmodern Illustration (1988)

Like his contemporary Rene Char, Francis Ponge wrote many es says on the visual arts and his writings were illustrated by many painters. As a rule, Ponge's painters favored longer pieces, such as Le Soleil place en abime (1954), L'Asparagus (1963), and L'Araignee (1949), all three of them metapoetic texts, meditations with changing perspectives, illustrated respectively by Jacques Herold, Jean Fautrier, and Albert Ayme.1 In these poems, the creative process depends on an interplay with an object, transformed from the start into word and image: the sun, the asparagus fern, and the spider. Ponge's painters, all of them sophisticated readers, select an image, physically recog nizable even though it proposes a textual as opposed to mimetic in scription. These inscriptions vary from chapter to chapter, functioning on the principle of theme and variation, all the while asserting them selves through indirection as transpositions of intellectual and analyt ical commentaries. The painters usually take into account the text's metapoetical pursuit, ironically embodied in such figures as the sun and the spider. The verbal idiom can readily allude both to a seem ingly concrete object and to an esthetic problem. The illustrator tends to compound such paradoxes, for in several of the graphics he appears to venture into the domain of writing by cleverly substituting the spatial characteristics of a page for those of a canvas while equat ing the outlines of arachnean or solar images to writing. Ponge's art ists, even more than Char's, eschew illustration as a form of represen tation, as the graphic equivalent of a poetic image. For Le Soleil place en abime, where we attend a marriage made, so to speak, in heaven between lyricism and critical theory, Jacques Her old has provided one of his best illustrative suites.2 As the ironic title indicates, the sun is reduced to a simple object that can be displaced at the reader's discretion. Because it has been diminished, it can no longer hover in enthroned splendor above our world, but must sink abjectly into a perilous abyss. Ponge suggests from the beginning that, far from wishing to capture the sun as a reality, he intends to turn away from it by means of literary or metalinguistic devices. The cosmos involves our perception only insofar as it is translated and re
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure—Activity Profiles of A‐Homoestranes, the Estratropones. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Studies on chitosan 5. Reactivity of partially N‐acetylated chitosan in aqueous media (1993)

Abstract The reactivity of the amino groups of partially N ‐acetylated chitosans (PAC‐H) was investigated using cyanuryl dichloride, pyrocarbonates, activated ester, carbodiimide and epoxy‐activated polymethacrylamide beads. The maximal reactivity was attained at neutral pH in the cases of the reaction with a monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) succinimidyl succinate, and with isonicotinic acid mediated by a water‐soluble carbodiimide. On the contrary, the maximal reactivity was attained under weakly basic conditions in the cases of reactions with diethyl pyrocarbonate, dimethyl pyrocarbonate and cyanuryl dichloride. The highest amount of PAC‐H was immobilized on the surfaces of epoxy‐activated polymethacrylamide beads at weakly alkaline pH. From these results it was concluded that PAC‐H's are favorable for preparing randomly substituted derivatives and for immobilizing them on surfaces because their solutions are stable at neutral and alkaline pH in contrast to conventional chitosans. The structure of the products was analyzed by IR spectroscopy, and a method for estimating the degree of substitution by IR is proposed.
Computer Modeling of Chemical Reactions in Enzymes and Solutions (1991)

Basic Principles of Chemical Bonding. Chemical Reactions in the Gas Phase and in Simple Solvent Models. Chemical Reaction in All--Atom Solvent Models. Potential Surfaces and Simulations of Macromolecules. Modeling Reactions in Enzymes: An Introduction. General Acid Catalysis and Electrostatic Stabilization in the Catalytic Reaction of Lysozyme. Serine Proteases and the Examination of Different Mechanistic Options. Simulating Metalloenzymes. How Do Enzymes Really Work? Index.
Development of a novel neuroprotective drug (TV3326) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, with cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities (2000)

TV3326 [(N-propargyl-(3R) aminoindan-5-yl)-ethyl methyl carbamate] is a novel aminoindan derivative possessing both cholinesterase (ChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO)-inhibitory activity. In doses of 35–100 μmol/kg administered orally to rats, it inhibits ChE by 25%–40% and antagonises scopolamine-induced impairments in spatial memory. After daily oral administration of 75 μmol/kg for 2 weeks, TV3326 inhibits MAO-A and -B in the brain by ∼80% but has little or no effect on the enzymes in the intestine or liver. This reduces the likelihood of it producing the “cheese effect” if administered with tyramine-containing foods or beverages. TV3326 has activity in the forced-swim test, consistent with that of known antidepressants. Both TV3326 and its S- isomer, TV3279, which inhibits ChE but lacks MAO-inhibitory activity, have neuroprotective effects against a variety of insults in PC12 cells and in vivo. TV3326 significantly reduces hippocampal cell damage caused by global ischaemia in gerbils and the cerebral oedema induced by closed head injury in mice and speeds recovery of their motor and memory deficits. These pharmacological actions of TV3326 could clearly be of clinical importance for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and the drug is currently in development for this purpose. Drug Dev. Res. 50:216–222, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Expression of Recipient CD47 on Rat Insulinoma Cell Xenografts Prevents Macrophage-Mediated Rejection through SIRPα Inhibitory Signaling in Mice (2013)

We have previously proven that the interspecies incompatibility of CD47 is responsible for in vitro phagocytosis of xenogeneic cells by host macrophages. Utilizing an in vivo model in the present study, we investigated whether genetically engineered expression of mouse CD47 in rat insulinoma cells (INS-1E) could inhibit macrophage-mediated xenograft rejection. INS-1E cells transfected with the pRc/CMV-mouse CD47 vector (mCD47-INS-1E) induced SIRPα-tyrosine phosphorylation in mouse macrophages in vitro, whereas cells transfected with the control vector (cont-INS-1E) did not. When these cells were injected into the peritoneal cavity of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Rag2(-/-)γ chain (-/-) mice, which lack T, B, and NK cells, the expression of mouse CD47 on the INS-1E cells markedly reduced the susceptibility of these cells to phagocytosis by macrophages. Moreover, these mice became normoglycemic after receiving mCD47-INS-1E, whereas the mice that received cont-INS-1E failed to achieve normoglycemia. Furthermore, injection of an anti-mouse SIRPα blocking monoclonal antibody into the mouse recipients of mCD47-INS-1E cells prevented achievement of normoglycemia. These results demonstrate that interspecies incompatibility of CD47 significantly contributes to in vivo rejection of xenogeneic cells by macrophages. Thus, genetic induction of the expression of recipient CD47 on xenogeneic donor cells could provide inhibitory signals to recipient macrophages via SIPRα; this constitutes a novel approach for preventing macrophage-mediated xenograft rejection.
Update on Intracavitary Radiation in the Treatment of Bladder Tumors (1981)

A 15-year experience with intracavitary radiation for the treatment of selected bladder tumors is presented. The age range of these patients was 39 to 91 years, with an average of 65 years. There were 38 men and 17 women with multiple stage A bladder tumors and carcinoma in situ. Some patients were poor risks for treatment by total extirpative surgery. A simplified technique using a 25 mg. radium capsule as a central source is described for administration of 4,000 to 5,000 rad to the surface of the bladder. Most patients tolerate the presence of the radium catheter with little difficulty. No morbidity and no mortality were reported. In this series more than 60 per cent of the patients benefited from the therapy, with no recurrence noted in some cases after up to 8 1/2 years of followup. Intracavitary radiation is used in few clinics. Use of this modality does not preclude or complicate the subsequent use of other conservative measures or radical therapy if required. It is an effective procedure for treatment of multiple superficial and noninvasive tumors, including primary or recurrent carcinoma in situ, that are uncontrolled by other conservative measures.
Lipodystrophy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients (2002)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major global health problem. Recently, combination therapy including HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PIs) has dramatically improved the long-term survival of HIV-infected patients. However, such therapy is associated with a lipodystrophy syndrome characterized by selective loss of sc fat from the face and extremities and, in some patients, accumulation of fat around the neck, dorsocervical region, abdomen, and trunk. Lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients (LDHIV) is associated with insulin resistance and its metabolic complications such as impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia and low serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. PIs appear to be the strongest link to LDHIV; however, fat loss has been reported in some patients taking non-PI antiretroviral drugs. Other factors, such as duration of HIV infection, age, and gender, may also contribute to the risk of development of LDHIV. The molecular basis of LDHIV remains unknown. There is no specific therapy for LDHIV. Avoiding weight gain by reducing energy intake and increasing physical activity may be beneficial in reducing fat accumulation as well as improving metabolic complications. Antihyperglycemic drugs may be used to treat diabetes. Management of dyslipidemia may require lipid-lowering drugs; however, the safety and efficacy of such intervention require further studies. Substitution of PIs with other antiretroviral drugs can mitigate dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance, but whether reversal of lipodystrophy occurs remains unknown. Future research is needed to discover the biochemical and molecular markers of lipodystrophy in HIV patients and develop PIs or other antiretroviral agents that are free of metabolic toxicity.
The Tuberous Sclerosis Protein TSC2 Is Not Required for the Regulation of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin by Amino Acids and Certain Cellular Stresses (2005)

Amino acids positively regulate signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Recent work demonstrated the importance of the tuberous sclerosis protein TSC2 for regulation of mTOR by insulin. TSC2 contains a GTPase-activator domain that promotes hydrolysis of GTP bound to Rheb, which positively regulates mTOR signaling. Some studies have suggested that TSC2 also mediates the control of mTOR by amino acids. In cells lacking TSC2, amino acid withdrawal still results in dephosphorylation of S6K1, ribosomal protein S6, the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein, and elongation factor-2 kinase. The effects of amino acid withdrawal are diminished by inhibiting protein synthesis or adding back amino acids. These studies demonstrate that amino acid signaling to mTOR occurs independently of TSC2 and involves additional unidentified inputs. Although TSC2 is not required for amino acid control of mTOR, amino acid withdrawal does decrease the proportion of Rheb in the active GTP-bound state. Here we also show that Rheb and mTOR form stable complexes, which are not, however, disrupted by amino acid withdrawal. Mutants of Rheb that cannot bind GTP or GDP can interact with mTOR complexes. We also show that the effects of hydrogen peroxide and sorbitol, cell stresses that impair mTOR signaling, are independent of TSC2. Finally, we show that the ability of energy depletion (which impairs mTOR signaling in TSC2+/+ cells) to increase the phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 is also independent of TSC2. This likely involves the phosphorylation of the elongation factor-2 kinase by the AMP-activated protein kinase.
General Principles of Specimen Collection and Transport (1996)

In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, we present the first article in a series entitled "Diagnostic Microbiology Updates." Although clinical microbiology is included in the curricula of virtually all infectious disease fellowships, the degree of emphasis on this subject varies considerably. Infectious disease physicians--even those who have direct responsibilities or consulting responsibilities for the microbiology laboratories of the institutions in which they practice--may be hard pressed to keep up with the rapidly changing content of the primary literature in clinical microbiology. The purpose of this series, therefore, is at least in part to fill this void and to provide concise updates for clinicians. The first article, written by Dr. Michael L. Wilson, reviews current concepts in specimen collection and transport. A key issue for all clinicians (which is not always sufficiently emphasized) is the quality of the specimen submitted to the laboratory. It is an axiom that if specimens of poor quality are submitted, the results generated by the laboratory will have little or no clinical utility. Dr. Wilson's article describes some of the methods available to assure that only specimens of good quality, i.e., those most likely to be useful clinically, are processed in the microbiology laboratory. Future articles will address specific types of specimens, groups of pathogens, and diagnostic techniques, including molecular methods. We hope this series will be informative and valuable to the readers of Clinical Infectious Diseases, and we look forward to your comments.
Synthesis of N-Hydroxysuccinimide Esters of Acyl Peptides by the Mixed Anhydride Method (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of N-Hydroxysuccinimide Esters of Acyl Peptides by the Mixed Anhydride MethodGeorge W. Anderson, Francis M. Callahan, and Joan E. ZimmermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 1, 178Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00977a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00977a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views765Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transformation of primary rat kidney cells by DNA fragments of weakly oncogenic adenoviruses (1979)

Primary cultures of baby rat kidney (BRK) cells were transformed by intact DNA and DNA fragments of weakly oncogenic human adenovirus types 3 and 7. The smallest fragment found to contain transforming activity was the left-terminal 4% endo R.HindIII fragment (for both adenovirus type 3 and 7 DNAs). The efficiency of transformation of this fragment was low, and no permanent cell line could be established. Left-terminal fragments ranging from 84 to 4,5% of the viral genome could all transform BRK cells with the same efficiency as intact viral DNA. A number of adenovirus type 7 DNA fragment-transformed lines were established and were found to contain persistent viral DNA sequences and adenovirus subgroup B-specific T antigen. Consequently, the transforming functions of adenovirus types 3 and 7 are located at the extreme left-hand end of the genome, and the minimum size for a DNA fragment with transforming activity is 1.0 X 10(6) daltons. These results do not rule out the possibility that viral genes located outside the transforming region may also influence transformation.
Tunable Oleo-Furan Surfactants by Acylation of Renewable Furans (2016)

An important advance in fluid surface control was the amphiphilic surfactant composed of coupled molecular structures (i.e., hydrophilic and hydrophobic) to reduce surface tension between two distinct fluid phases. However, implementation of simple surfactants has been hindered by the broad range of applications in water containing alkaline earth metals (i.e., hard water), which disrupt surfactant function and require extensive use of undesirable and expensive chelating additives. Here we show that sugar-derived furans can be linked with triglyceride-derived fatty acid chains via Friedel-Crafts acylation within single layer (SPP) zeolite catalysts. These alkylfuran surfactants independently suppress the effects of hard water while simultaneously permitting broad tunability of size, structure, and function, which can be optimized for superior capability for forming micelles and solubilizing in water.
Hereditary Thrombocytopenia with an Intrinsic Platelet Defect (1969)

Thrombocytopenia, inherited as a dominant trait, was present in three generations of a kindred. The clinical picture was quite similar to that of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, but thrombokinetic studies clearly distinguished the two diseases. Platelet-survival studies after labeling with 51Cr demonstrated shortened life-spans of the patients' platelets both in themselves and in normal volunteers. Platelets from healthy volunteers, however, survived normally in the patients, showing that the accelerated platelet destruction resulted from an intrinsic platelet defect and not one extrinsic to the cell. Morphologic and biochemical studies have not as yet elucidated the nature of the defect. Splenectomy in two patients was followed by improvement in the thrombocytopenia, but the postoperative platelet survival remained short.
Using Path Label Routing in Wide Area Software-Defined Networks with OpenFlow (2016)

Separating the control and data planes has brought many advantages such as greater control plane programmability, more vendor independence, and lower operational expenses in Software-Defined Networking (SDN). SDN deployments are possible in a variety of contexts including Wide Area Networks (WANs). However, the large propagation delays between the controller and switches raise several concerns for WANs such as performance limitations, longer routing time for flows and sensitivity of the controller placement. To address this issue, we propose a path label routing approach in SDN-based WANs using OpenFlow. Through hybridizing traditional hop-by-hop routing with path label routing, we reduce flow routing time and controller state distributions. In addition, we present an implement method without modifications to OpenFlow. Finally a prototype is implemented as a proof of the method in OPNET simulator. Experimental results demonstrate that the approach can bring significant performance gains such as the reduction of state distribution and the sensitivity of controller placement in SDN-based WANs.
Contrast-enhanced MR imaging assessment of tumor capillary permeability: effect of irradiation on delivery of chemotherapy. (1996)

Transient irradiation-induced increase in tumor capillary permeability to cisplatin can be quantified with MMCM-enhanced MR imaging.