gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying and managing patients with hyperlipidemia. (1997)

Cardiovascular disease related to hyperlipidemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. The benefit of lowering lipid levels in patients with and without cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials. The results of these trials prompted the National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute to form the Nation Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP). This panel developed guidelines for identifying and treating lipid disorders. Before starting antilipemic therapy, patients should be evaluated for secondary causes of hyperlipidemia, including disease states and medications. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease should be identified and used to determine the patient's goal low-density lipoprotein level. Regardless of the drug therapy used, the cornerstone treatment for hyperlipidemia is dietary changes. The NCEP recommendation for dietary modification follows a two-step plan to reduce intake of cholesterol and dietary fats. Other nonpharmacologic treatments for hyperlipidemia include exercise, weight reduction for obese patients, reduction of excessive alcohol use, and smoking cessation . Drug therapy should be considered in patients who do not respond to an adequate trial of dietary modifications and lifestyle changes. The principal lipid-lowering agents currently used are the bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors, and fibric acid derivatives. Estrogen, fish oil, and alcohol also can decrease the risk of developing heart disease. In pharmacoeconomic studies, lipid-lowering drug therapy has been shown to decrease the number of procedures, hospitalizations, and other medical interventions required by patients with cardiovascular disease.
Circulating nucleosomes and response to chemotherapy: An in vitro, in vivo and clinical study on cervical cancer patients (2003)

It is known that cell-free DNA circulates in plasma/serum of patients with cancer and that part of this DNA circulates as nucleosomes that can be quantified by ELISA. We analyzed the effect of tumor and chemotherapy upon the levels of nucleosomes in vitro, in vivo and in cervical cancer patients. The levels of nucleosomes pre- and post-treatment were correlated with response in 11 patients receiving chemotherapy. Nucleosomes were determined in nude mice treated with or without cisplatin and carrying tumors generated with HeLa cells, and in the cell lysate and supernatant of HeLa cells exposed to cisplatin in culture. In addition, nucleosomes were determined at different time points in patients and in rats receiving chemotherapy. Nucleosomes were higher in patients that controls (1,760 vs. 601, p = 0.0001). After 24 hr of treatment with oxaliplatin and gemcitabine, the levels decreased in 6 patients of whom 5 had response. Nucleosome levels differed between mice xenografted and not xenografted (765 vs. 378, p = 0.001) and between xenografted treated with or without cisplatin (650 vs. 765, p = 0.010), but not in tumor-free animals treated and untreated with cisplatin (378 vs. 379, p = 0.99). In vitro, nucleosomes reached at peak 8 hr in cell lysates to decrease thereafter, whereas in supernatant, levels continued to increase up to 24 hr. Serial determination of nucleosomes in patients showed a rise within 6-12 hr and then a reduction to below the basal at 24 hr. In rats, nucleosomes had no major changes in those receiving oxaliplatin or the triple combination of cisplatin, gemcitabine and paclitaxel as compared to untreated controls. An overdose of this triple combination produced a transient elevation of almost 1,000 AU over the basal. Our results demonstrate that most of circulating nucleosomes originate from the tumor and that chemotherapy produces an early rise most likely due to tumor apoptosis and that nucleosomes are rapidly cleared from circulation. On the contrary, chemotherapy within the therapeutic range of doses has no effect on nucleosome levels in healthy mice and rats. This data suggests that the determination of circulating nucleosomes pre- and post-treatment could be a useful test to predict response to chemotherapy in cancer patients.
Effect of Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Depletion on Glucose Transport Regulation in Leukemia Cells (2012)

GLUT1 is the predominant glucose transporter in leukemia cells, and the modulation of glucose transport activity by cytokines, oncogenes or metabolic stresses is essential for their survival and proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms allowing to control GLUT1 trafficking and degradation are still under debate. In this study we investigated whether plasma membrane cholesterol depletion plays a role in glucose transport activity in M07e cells, a human megakaryocytic leukemia line. To this purpose, the effect of cholesterol depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) on both GLUT1 activity and trafficking was compared to that of the cytokine Stem Cell Factor (SCF). Results show that, like SCF, MBCD led to an increased glucose transport rate and caused a subcellular redistribution of GLUT1, recruiting intracellular transporter molecules to the plasma membrane. Due to the role of caveolae/lipid rafts in GLUT1 stimulation in response to many stimuli, we have also investigated the GLUT1 distribution along the fractions obtained after non ionic detergent treatment and density gradient centrifugation, which was only slightly changed upon MBCD treatment. The data suggest that MBCD exerts its action via a cholesterol-dependent mechanism that ultimately results in augmented GLUT1 translocation. Moreover, cholesterol depletion triggers GLUT1 translocation without the involvement of c-kit signalling pathway, in fact MBCD effect does not involve Akt and PLCγ phosphorylation. These data, together with the observation that the combined MBCD/SCF cell treatment caused an additive effect on glucose uptake, suggest that the action of SCF and MBCD may proceed through two distinct mechanisms, the former following a signalling pathway, and the latter possibly involving a novel cholesterol dependent mechanism.
Low-loss criterion and effective area considerations for photonic crystal fibres (2003)

We study the class of endlessly single-mode all-silica photonic crystal fibers with a triangular air-hole cladding. We consider the sensibility to longitudinal nonuniformities and the consequences and limitations for realizing low-loss large-mode area photonic crystal fibers. We also discuss the dominating scattering mechanism and experimentally we confirm that both macro and micro-bending can be the limiting factor.
Monoclonal Antibody Analysis of Phosphatidylserine and Protein Kinase C Localizations in Developing Rat Cerebellum (1992)

Understanding the topographical relationships between phosphatidylserine (PS) and protein kinase C (PKC) within neurons can provide clues about the mechanism of translocation and activation of PKC. For this purpose we applied monoclonal antibodies (Abs) of PS and PKC to sections of developing rat cerebellum. The anti-PKC Ab immunohistochemical pattern showed homogeneous staining of Purkinje cells over various postnatal ages, whereas the anti-PS Ab staining showed a heterogeneous localization over these ages. Purkinje cells did not stain well between postnatal day 14 (PND 14) and PND 21, suggesting that the PS was lost from the membrane during preparation of the sections during this period. These data imply that interactions between PS and PKC vary in Purkinje cells during postnatal development.
Engineering cellular redox balance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for improved production of L‐lactic acid (2014)

Owing to the growing market for the biodegradable and renewable polymer, polylactic acid, world demand for lactic acid is rapidly increasing. However, the very high concentrations desired for industrial production of the free lactic acid create toxicity and low pH concerns for manufacturers. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most well characterized eukaryote, a preferred microbial cell factory for the largest industrial biotechnology product (bioethanol), and a robust, commercially compatible workhorse to be exploited for the production of diverse chemicals. S. cerevisiae has also been explored as a host for lactic acid production because of its high acid tolerance. Here, we constructed an L-lactic acid-overproducing S. cerevisiae by redirecting cellular metabolic fluxes to the production of L-lactic acid. To this end, we deleted the S. cerevisiae genes encoding pyruvate decarboxylase 1 (PDC1), L-lactate cytochrome-c oxidoreductase (CYB2), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1), replacing them with a heterologous L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) gene. Two new target genes encoding isoenzymes of the external NADH dehydrogenase (NDE1 and NDE2), were also deleted from the genome to re-engineer the intracellular redox balance. The resulting strain was found to produce L-lactic acid more efficiently (32.6% increase in final L-lactic acid titer). When tested in a bioreactor in fed-batch mode, this engineered strain produced 117 g/L of L-lactic acid under low pH conditions. This result demonstrates that the redox balance engineering should be coupled with the metabolic engineering in the construction of L-lactic acid-overproducing S. cerevisiae.
H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Lao People's Democratic Republic (2006)

A prospective surveillance program for influenza viruses was established in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) in July of 2005. We report isolation of H5N1 virus genetically distinct from H5N1 circulating in 2004, which indicates reintroduction of H5N1 into Lao PDR after its disappearance (i.e., no virologic or serologic evidence) for 2 years.
Expression of Cx43 in human lung adenocarcinoma and its significance (2013)

Objective To investigate the expression of connexin43 (Cx43) protein and mRNA in human adenocarcinoma of lung and its clinical significance.Methods One hundred and forty-eight human adenocarcinoma of lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry for Cx43 expression and fluorescence in situ hybridization for mRNA.The relationship between Cx43 expression and clinicopathologcal factors was analyzed.Results The positive rates of Cx43 expression in well/moderately differentiated and poorlydifferemiated/indififerentiated lung cancer tissues were 48.7 ％ (38/78) and 30.0 ％ (21/70),respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of Cx43 expression in negative lymph node metastasis and positive lymphnode metastasis lung cancer tissues were 56.3 ％ (18/32) and 34.5 ％ (40/116),respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of Cx43 expression in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ lung cancer tissues were 51.5 ％ (49/95) and 34.0 ％(18/53),respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of Cx43 mRNA expression in adenocarcinoma of lung adenocarcinoma and normal lung tissues were 32.4 ％ (48/148) and 60.0 ％ (12/20) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of Cx43 is closely related with well differentiation,invasion,status of lymphnode,clinical stage and prognosis of human lung adenocarcinoma.It may participate in the development and progression of human lung adenocarcinoma,and may be used to predict the prognosis of human lung adenocarcinoma.

Key words: 
Lung neoplasms;  Connexin43;  Immunohistochemisty;  Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Spectroscopy in Live Cells: Towards Long‐Term Labels and Optical Sensors (2005)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes form the basis of new non-photobleaching cell markers that remain visible in live cells for up to three months and do not impede cell viability. In-vitro spectroscopy of the intrinsic near-IR fluorescence and Raman scattering of the nanotubes maps the localization of nanotube complexes, which accumulate in perinuclear endosomes (see Figure). The markers are also detectable in hematoxylin and eosin stained cells and exhibit spectral changes due to the nanotubes' environment. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2005/c0477_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
High-resolution video mosaicing for documents and photos by estimating camera motion (2004)

Recently, document and photograph digitization from a paper is very important for digital archiving and personal data transmission through the internet. Though many people wish to digitize documents on a paper easily, now heavy and large image scanners are required to obtain high quality digitization. To realize easy and high quality digitization of documents and photographs, we propose a novel digitization method that uses a movie captured by a hand-held camera. In our method, first, 6-DOF(Degree Of Freedom) position and posture parameters of the mobile camera are estimated in each frame by tracking image features automatically. Next, re-appearing feature points in the image sequence are detected and stitched for minimizing accumulated estimation errors. Finally, all the images are merged as a high-resolution mosaic image using the optimized parameters. Experiments have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method. Our prototype system can acquire initial estimates of extrinsic camera parameters in real-time with capturing images.
Biochemistry of fish antifreeze proteins (1990)

Four distinct macromolecular antifreezes have been isolated and characterized from different marine fish. These include the glycoprotein antifreezes (Mr 2.5-33 K), which are made up of a repeating tripeptide (Ala-Ala-Thr)n with a disaccharide attached to the threonyl residues, and three antifreeze protein (AFP) types. Type I is an alanine-rich, amphiphilic, alpha-helix (Mr 3-5 K); type II is a larger protein (Mr 14 K) with a high content of reverse turns and five disulfide bridges; and type III is intermediate in size (Mr 6-7 K) with no distinguishing features of secondary structure or amino acid composition. Despite their marked structural differences, all four antifreeze types appear to function in the same way by binding to the prism faces of ice crystals and inhibiting growth along the a-axes. It is suggested that type I AFP binds preferentially to the prism faces as a result of interactions between the helix macrodipole and the dipoles on the water molecules in the ice lattice. Binding is stabilized by hydrogen bonding, and the amphiphilic character of the helix results in the hydrophobic phase of the helix being exposed to the solvent. When the solution temperature is lowered further, ice crystal growth occurs primarily on the uncoated, unordered basal plane resulting in bipyramidal-shaped crystals. The structural features of type I AFP that could contribute to this mechanism of action are reviewed. Current challenges lie in solving the other antifreeze structures and interpreting them in light of what appears to be a common mechanism of action.
Production of bispecific antibodies in “knobs-into-holes” using a cell-free expression system (2014)

Bispecific antibodies have emerged in recent years as a promising field of research for therapies in oncology, inflammable diseases, and infectious diseases. Their capability of dual target recognition allows for novel therapeutic hypothesis to be tested, where traditional mono-specific antibodies would lack the needed mode of target engagement. Among extremely diverse architectures of bispecific antibodies, knobs-into-holes (KIHs) technology, which involves engineering CH3 domains to create either a "knob" or a "hole" in each heavy chain to promote heterodimerization, has been widely applied. Here, we describe the use of a cell-free expression system (Xpress CF) to produce KIH bispecific antibodies in multiple scaffolds, including 2-armed heterodimeric scFv-KIH and one-armed asymmetric BiTE-KIH with tandem scFv. Efficient KIH production can be achieved by manipulating the plasmid ratio between knob and hole, and further improved by addition of prefabricated knob or hole. These studies demonstrate the versatility of Xpress CF in KIH production and provide valuable insights into KIH construct design for better assembly and expression titer.
Incidence and risk factors of bradycardia in pediatric patients undergoing intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation (2019)

The overall incidence of bradycardia in children after sole use of intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation was 2.3%. Male children showed a 1.48-fold higher risk of bradycardia. However, the blood pressure of the children who developed bradycardia was within the normal range. Simple wake-up can effectively manage bradycardia induced by intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation.
RECOMBINANT HUMAN TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR Fc FUSION PROTEIN THERAPY IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS UNDERGOING OKT3 INDUCTION THERAPY1,2 (1998)

TNFR:Fc is well tolerated by renal transplant patients receiving OKT3 induction therapy and modestly decreases the symptoms associated with OKT3-ACS.
Functional Interrelationships between Cell Membrane and Cell Wall in Antimicrobial Peptide-Mediated Killing of Staphylococcus aureus (2005)

Perturbation of the Staphylococcus aureus cytoplasmic membrane (CM) is felt to play a key role in the microbicidal mechanism of many antimicrobial peptides (APs). However, it is not established whether membrane permeabilization (MP) alone is sufficient to kill susceptible staphylococci or if the cell wall (CW) and/or intracellular targets contribute to AP-induced lethality. We hypothesized that the relationships between MP and killing may differ for distinct APs. In this study, we investigated the association between AP-induced MP and lethality in S. aureus whole cells versus CW-free protoplasts, and in comparison to the MP of liposomes modeled after whole CMs in terms of phospholipid composition, fluidity and charge. Four APs with different structure-activity relationships were examined: thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein 1 (tPMP-1), human neutrophil protein 1 (hNP-1), gramicidin D, and polymyxin B. MP was quantified fluorometrically by calcein release. All APs tested, except polymyxin B, caused concentration-dependent MP and killing of whole cells, but not of protoplasts. The reduced AP susceptibility of protoplasts was associated with increased cardiolipin and lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol content and reduced fluidity of their CMs. However, liposomal MP induced by tPMP-1, hNP-1, and gramicidin D paralleled that of whole cells. Collectively, these results indicate that (i) structurally distinct APs likely exert their staphylocidal effects by differing mechanisms, (ii) MP is not the sole event leading to AP-induced staphylocidal activity, (iii) a complex interrelationship exists between the CM and CW in AP-induced killing, and (iv) liposomes modeled upon whole cell or protoplast CMs can recapitulate the respective susceptibilities to killing by distinct APs.
A Photo-rearrangement of 5-Diazouracil. A Convenient Systhesis of 2-Oxo-4-imidazoline-4-carboxylic Acid Derivatives (1979)

A photochemical transformation of 5-diazouracil alcohol adducts into 2-0x0-4-imidazoline-4-carboxylates under strongly acidic conditions is described.In the past, 2-0x0-4-imidazoline-4-carboxylic acid derivatives have been
Mechanism of RPE Cell Death in α-Crystallin Deficient Mice: A Novel and Critical Role for MRP1-Mediated GSH Efflux (2012)

Absence of α-crystallins (αA and αB) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells renders them susceptible to oxidant-induced cell death. We tested the hypothesis that the protective effect of α-crystallin is mediated by changes in cellular glutathione (GSH) and elucidated the mechanism of GSH efflux. In α-crystallin overexpressing cells resistant to cell death, cellular GSH was >2 fold higher than vector control cells and this increase was seen particularly in mitochondria. The high GSH levels associated with α-crystallin overexpression were due to increased GSH biosynthesis. On the other hand, cellular GSH was decreased by 50% in murine retina lacking αA or αB crystallin. Multiple multidrug resistance protein (MRP) family isoforms were expressed in RPE, among which MRP1 was the most abundant. MRP1 was localized to the plasma membrane and inhibition of MRP1 markedly decreased GSH efflux. MRP1-suppressed cells were resistant to cell death and contained elevated intracellular GSH and GSSG. Increased GSH in MRP1-supressed cells resulted from a higher conversion of GSSG to GSH by glutathione reductase. In contrast, GSH efflux was significantly higher in MRP1 overexpressing RPE cells which also contained lower levels of cellular GSH and GSSG. Oxidative stress further increased GSH efflux with a decrease in cellular GSH and rendered cells apoptosis-prone. In conclusion, our data reveal for the first time that 1) MRP1 mediates GSH and GSSG efflux in RPE cells; 2) MRP1 inhibition renders RPE cells resistant to oxidative stress-induced cell death while MRP1 overexpression makes them susceptible and 3) the antiapoptotic function of α-crystallin in oxidatively stressed cells is mediated in part by GSH and MRP1. Our findings suggest that MRP1 and α crystallin are potential therapeutic targets in pathological retinal degenerative disorders linked to oxidative stress.
Welcome to The Danish Environmental Protection Agency (1998)

eng: Azocolorants are the largest group of synthetic dyestuffs used in textiles on the market. Health hazards to consumers are carcinogenicity and contact allergy. Selected textile products incl. toys have been analysed. Judging from this analysis the risk of getting cancer from azodyed textiles is small (but existing). The risk of allergy is substantial, but further documentation is needed. Alternatives to azocolorants may be sulphonated azodyes, but further environmental studies are needed