gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high power light emitting diode module for projection display application (2010)

Light emitting diode (LED) has numerous advantages such as long lifetime, large color gamut, small size and the absence of mercury vapor. In recent years, there has been recognition that LED could be an alternative light source for projection display application. In this work, dielectric compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs) were designed and optimized for multiple-LED array packaging structure for projection display application. The performance of rectangular CPC was studied and compared to theoretical simulations. Rectangular CPC was fabricated as the collector and collimator. A high power green LED module combined with rectangular CPC was fabricated and its performance was characterized. More than 90% light emitted by multiple-LED array can be collected by the CPC and transmit within the designed angle. A high power of 2.09W and a high luminous flux of 800 lm were obtained.
p53 Is Phosphorylated in Vitro and in Vivo by an Ultraviolet Radiation-induced Protein Kinase Characteristic of the c-Jun Kinase, JNK1 (1995)

The p53 tumor suppressor protein is thought to play a major role in the defense of the cell against agents that damage DNA. In this report, we describe the identification and characterization of a protein kinase that phosphorylates mouse p53 at a single site, serine 34, a major site of phosphorylation in the cell. The protein kinase is activated strikingly following treatment of cells with ultraviolet radiation, has a native molecular weight of approximately 45,000, and can be resolved from mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase by chromatography on Superose 6 and DEAE-cellulose. The p53 kinase activity co-purifies with UV-activated c-Jun kinase activity on heparin-Sepharose and on a c-Jun (but not a v-Jun-) affinity column. Treatment of the partially purified kinase with CL100, a protein phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates MAP kinase homologues, inhibits its activity. Taken together, the data suggest that this p53 kinase is likely to be activated by phosphorylation and may be a member of the stress-activated protein kinase subfamily of MAP kinases. UV irradiation of SV3T3 cells leads to increased phosphorylation of p53 at serine 34, indicating that phosphorylation of p53 by this kinase is likely to be physiological. Phosphorylation of p53 by this protein kinase may be a key event in a signal transduction mechanism that coordinately controls key nuclear proteins in response to oxidative stress or DNA damaging agents.
CINCINNATA Controls Both Cell Differentiation and Growth in Petal Lobes and Leaves of Antirrhinum (2004)

To understand how differentiation and growth may be coordinated during development, we have studied the action of the CINCINNATA (CIN) gene of Antirrhinum. We show that in addition to affecting leaf lamina growth, CIN affects epidermal cell differentiation and growth of petal lobes. Strong alleles of cin give smaller petal lobes with flat instead of conical cells, correlating with lobe-specific expression of CIN in the wild type. Moreover, conical cells at the leaf margins are replaced by flatter cells, indicating that CIN has a role in cell differentiation of leaves as well as petals. A weak semidominant cin allele affects cell types mainly in the petal but does not affect leaf development, indicating these two effects can be separated. Expression of CIN correlates with expression of cell division markers, suggesting that CIN may influence petal growth, directly or indirectly, through effects on cell proliferation. For both leaves and petals, CIN affects growth and differentiation of the more distal and broadly extended domains (leaf lamina and petal lobe). However, while CIN promotes growth in petals, it promotes growth arrest in leaves, possibly because of different patterns of growth control in these systems.
Nuclear Receptor Coregulators: Cellular and Molecular Biology* (1999)

Nuclear receptor coregulators are coactivators or corepressors that are required by nuclear receptors for efficient transcripitonal regulation. In this context, we define coactivators, broadly, as molecules that interact with nuclear receptors and enhance their transactivation. Analogously, we refer to nuclear receptor corepressors as factors that interact with nuclear receptors and lower the transcription rate at their target genes. Most coregulators are, by definition, rate limiting for nuclear receptor activation and repression, but do not significantly alter basal transcription. Recent data have indicated multiple modes of action of coregulators, including direct interactions with basal transcription factors and covalent modification of histones and other proteins. Reflecting this functional diversity, many coregulators exist in distinct steady state precomplexes, which are thought to associate in promoter-specific configurations. In addition, these factors may function as molecular gates to enable integration of diverse signal transduction pathways at nuclear receptor-regulated promoters. This review will summarize selected aspects of our current knowledge of the cellular and molecular biology of nuclear receptor coregulators.
35.1: 2.5‐in. AMOLED with Integrated 6‐Bit Gamma Compensated Digital Data Driver (2004)

Abstract 6‐bit gamma compensated digital data driver using LTPS TFTs was integrated in AMOLED panel. We have applied conventional register ladder D/A converter circuits with 9 points reference voltage for each color. We have obtained both good gray scale and good white balance by optimizing the reference voltage. DC/DC converter and serial to parallel converter have also been integrated by TFT. The number of pixels is 768 × 228 dots. The width of the data driver designed by 2micron rule is only 2.6mm.
Activity of a Long-Acting Echinocandin (CD101) and Seven Comparator Antifungal Agents Tested against a Global Collection of Contemporary Invasive Fungal Isolates in the SENTRY 2014 Antifungal Surveillance Program (2017)

The activity of CD101 and comparator antifungal agents against 606 invasive fungal isolates collected worldwide during 2014 was evaluated using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method. All <i>Candida albicans</i> (<i>n</i> = 251), <i>Candida tropicalis</i> (<i>n</i> = 51), <i>Candida krusei</i> (<i>n</i> = 16), and <i>Candida dubliniensis</i> (<i>n</i> = 11) isolates were inhibited by ≤0.12 μg/ml of CD101 and were susceptible or showed wild-type susceptibility to the other echinocandins tested. Five <i>C. glabrata</i> isolates (<i>n</i> = 100) displayed CD101 MIC values of 1 to 4 μg/ml, had elevated MICs of caspofungin (2 to >8 μg/ml), anidulafungin (2 to 4 μg/ml), and micafungin (2 to 4 μg/ml), and carried mutations on <i>fks1</i> and <i>fks2</i><i>Candida parapsilosis</i> (<i>n</i> = 92) and <i>Candida orthopsilosis</i> (<i>n</i> = 10) displayed higher CD101 MIC values (ranges, 0.5 to 4 μg/ml and 0.12 to 2 μg/ml, respectively), and similar results were observed for the other echinocandins tested. Fluconazole resistance was noted among 11.0% of <i>Candida glabrata</i> isolates, 4.3% of <i>C. parapsilosis</i> isolates, and 2.0% of <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. tropicalis</i> isolates. The activity of CD101 against <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (<i>n</i> = 56) was similar to that of micafungin and 2-fold greater than that of caspofungin but less than that of anidulafungin. These isolates had wild-type susceptibility to itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole. The echinocandins had limited activity against <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> (<i>n</i> = 19). CD101 was as active as the other echinocandins against common fungal organisms recovered from patients with invasive fungal infections. The long half-life profile is very desirable for the prevention and treatment of serious fungal infections, especially in patients who can then be discharged from the hospital to complete antifungal therapy on an outpatient basis.
Heterocytolysis by Macrophages Activated by Bacillus Calmette-Gurin: Lysosome Exocytosis into Tumor Cells (1974)

The cytotoxic activity of activated macrophages against tumorigenic target cells appears to be mediated by lysosomal enzymes of activated macrophage origin. Lysosomes of activated macrophages are secreted directly into the cytoplasm of susceptible target cells, which subsequently undergo heterolysis. This reaction can be inhibited by agents which prevent the exocytosis of macrophage lysosomes (hydrocortisone) or which interfere with the action of lysosomal enzymes (trypan blue).
2'-Chloropentostatin, a new inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2'-Chloropentostatin, a new inhibitor of adenosine deaminaseJohn P. Schaumberg, Gerard C. Hokanson, James C. French, Elma Smal, and David C. BakerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 10, 1651–1656Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00210a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00210a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views405Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of detection distance‐dependent reflectance spectroscopy for the determination of the sun protection factor using pig ear skin (2017)

Determination of sun protection factors (SPFs) is currently an invasive method, which is based on erythema formation (phototest). Here we describe an optical setup and measurement methodology for the determination of SPFs based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, which measures UV-reflectance spectra at 4 distances from the point of illumination. Due to a high spatial variation of the reflectance data, most likely due to inhomogeneities of the sunscreen distribution, data of 50 measurement positions are averaged. A dependence of the measured SPF on detection distance is significant for 3 sunscreens, while being inconclusive for 2 sunscreens due to high inter-sample variations. Using pig ear skin samples (n=6), the obtained SPF of 5 different commercial sunscreens corresponds to the SPF values of certified test institutes in 3 cases and is lower for 2 sunscreens of the same manufacturer, suggesting a formulation specific reason for the discrepancy. The results demonstrate that the measurement can be performed with a UV dose below the minimal erythema dose. We conclude the method may be considered as a potential noninvasive in vivo alternative to the invasive in vivo phototest, but further tests on different sunscreen formulations are still necessary.
Uplink Performance of Time-Reversal MRC in Massive MIMO Systems Subject to Phase Noise (2014)

Multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) cellular systems with an excess of base station (BS) antennas (Massive MIMO) offer unprecedented multiplexing gains and radiated energy efficiency. Oscillator phase noise is introduced in the transmitter and receiver radio frequency chains and severely degrades the performance of communication systems. We study the effect of oscillator phase noise in frequency-selective Massive MIMO systems with imperfect channel state information. In particular, we consider two distinct operation modes, namely, when the phase noise processes at the M BS antennas are identical (synchronous operation) and when they are independent (nonsynchronous operation) . We analyze a linear and low-complexity time-reversal maximum-ratio combining reception strategy. For both operation modes, we derive a lower bound on the sum-capacity, and we compare their performance. Based on the derived achievable sum-rates, we show that with the proposed receive processing, an O(√M) array gain is achievable. Due to the phase noise drift, the estimated effective channel becomes progressively outdated. Therefore, phase noise effectively limits the length of the interval used for data transmission and the number of scheduled users. The derived achievable rates provide insights into the optimum choice of the data interval length and the number of scheduled users.
Stochastic resonance for signal-modulated pump noise in a single-mode laser (2006)

By adopting the gain-noise model of the single-mode laser in which with bias and periodical signals serve as inputs, combining with the effect of coloured pump noise, we use the linear approximation method to calculate the power spectrum and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the laser intensity under the condition of pump noise and quantum noise cross-related in the form of 'delta' function. It is found that with the change of pump noise correlation time, both SNR and the output power will occur stochastic resonance (SR). If the bias signal 'alpha' is very small, changing the intensities of pump noise and quantum noise respectively does not lead to the appearance of SR in the SNR; while 'alpha' increases to a certain number, SR appears.
Solution-processable highly efficient yellow- and red-emitting phosphorescent organic light emitting devices from a small molecule bipolar host and iridium complexes (2008)

A bipolar transport compound, 2,5-bis(4-(9-(2-ethylhexyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (CzOXD), incorporating both electron- and hole-transport functionalities, was synthesized and fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. Its thermal, electrochemical, electronic absorption and photoluminescent properties were studied. The atomic force microscopy images indicate that smooth and homogeneous films can be obtained by spin-coating from a chloroform solution of CzOXD/iridium complex blends. Highly efficient small-molecule-based organic light emitting devices were fabricated by a wet process. With the device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Ir complex : CzOXD/BCP/Alq3/LiF/Al, a maximum luminance of 15232 cd m−2 and current efficiency of 20 cd A−1 for a yellow-emitting OLED, and 4896 cd m−2, 4.6 cd A−1 for a red-emitting OLED were achieved under ambient conditions.
Nitric Oxide and Wound Healing (2004)

Nitric oxide is a short-lived free radical that acts at the molecular, cellular, and physiologic level. Since its discovery almost 20 years ago it has proven itself as an important element in wound healing. This review highlights many of the important aspects of nitric oxide in wound healing, including a review of the basic biology of nitric oxide, its role as part of the cytokine cascade and as a promoter of angiogenesis, as well as its more recently elucidated role in apoptosis.
Using Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 (1998)

The alteration in skeletal muscle fiber is a critical factor affecting livestock meat quality traits and human metabolic diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse class of non-coding RNAs with a length of more than 200 nucleotides. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of lncRNAs in skeletal muscle fibers remain elusive. To understand the genetic basis of lncRNA-regulated skeletal muscle fiber development, we performed a transcriptome analysis to identify the key lncRNAs affecting skeletal muscle fiber and meat quality traits on a pig model. We generated the lncRNA expression profiles of fast-twitch <i>Biceps femoris</i> (Bf) and slow-twitch <i>Soleus</i> (Sol) muscles and identified the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs using RNA-seq and performed bioinformatics analyses. This allowed us to identify 4581 lncRNA genes among six RNA libraries and 92 DE lncRNAs between Bf and Sol which are the key candidates for the conversion of skeletal muscle fiber types. Moreover, we detected the expression patterns of lncRNA <i>MSTRG.42019</i> in different tissues and skeletal muscles of various development stages. In addition, we performed a correlation analyses between the expression of DE lncRNA <i>MSTRG.42019</i> and meat quality traits. Notably, we found that DE lncRNA <i>MSTRG.42019</i> was highly expressed in skeletal muscle and its expression was significantly higher in Sol than in Bf, with a positive correlation with the expression of <i>Myosin heavy chain 7</i> (<i>MYH7</i>) (<i>r</i> = 0.6597, <i>p</i> = 0.0016) and a negative correlation with meat quality traits glycolytic potential (<i>r</i> = -0.5447, <i>p</i> = 0.0130), as well as drip loss (<i>r</i> = -0.5085, <i>p</i> = 0.0221). Moreover, we constructed the lncRNA <i>MSTRG.42019</i>-mRNAs regulatory network for a better understanding of a possible mechanism regulating skeletal muscle fiber formation. Our data provide the groundwork for studying the lncRNA regulatory mechanisms of skeletal muscle fiber conversion, and given the importance of skeletal muscle fiber types in muscle-related diseases, our data may provide insight into the treatment of muscular diseases in humans.
Self-Contained, Fully Integrated Biochip for Sample Preparation, Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification, and DNA Microarray Detection (2004)

A fully integrated biochip device that consists of microfluidic mixers, valves, pumps, channels, chambers, heaters, and DNA microarray sensors was developed to perform DNA analysis of complex biological sample solutions. Sample preparation (including magnetic bead-based cell capture, cell preconcentration and purification, and cell lysis), polymerase chain reaction, DNA hybridization, and electrochemical detection were performed in this fully automated and miniature device. Cavitation microstreaming was implemented to enhance target cell capture from whole blood samples using immunomagnetic beads and accelerate DNA hybridization reaction. Thermally actuated paraffin-based microvalves were developed to regulate flows. Electrochemical pumps and thermopneumatic pumps were integrated on the chip to provide pumping of liquid solutions. The device is completely self-contained: no external pressure sources, fluid storage, mechanical pumps, or valves are necessary for fluid manipulation, thus eliminating possible sample contamination and simplifying device operation. Pathogenic bacteria detection from approximately milliliters of whole blood samples and single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis directly from diluted blood were demonstrated. The device provides a cost-effective solution to direct sample-to-answer genetic analysis and thus has a potential impact in the fields of point-of-care genetic analysis, environmental testing, and biological warfare agent detection.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Anti-CD4 Antibody in Host Resistance against Infections and Tumors in Human CD4 Transgenic Mice (2001)

Anti-CD4 antibodies, which cause CD4(+) T-cell depletion, have been shown to increase susceptibility to infections in mice. Thus, development of anti-CD4 antibodies for clinical use raises potential concerns about suppression of host defense mechanisms against pathogens and tumors. The anti-human CD4 antibody keliximab, which binds only human and chimpanzee CD4, has been evaluated in host defense models using murine CD4 knockout-human CD4 transgenic (HuCD4/Tg) mice. In these mice, depletion of CD4(+) T cells by keliximab was associated with inhibition of anti-Pneumocystis carinii and anti-Candida albicans antibody responses and rendered HuCD4/Tg mice susceptible to P. carinii, a CD4-dependent pathogen, but did not compromise host defense against C. albicans infection. Treatment of HuCD4/Tg mice with corticosteroids impaired host immune responses and decreased survival for both infections. Resistance to experimental B16 melanoma metastases was not affected by treatment with keliximab, in contrast to an increase in tumor colonization caused by anti-T cell Thy1.2 and anti-asialo GM-1 antibodies. These data suggest an immunomodulatory rather than an overt immunosuppressive activity of keliximab. This was further demonstrated by the differential effect of keliximab on type 1 and type 2 cytokine expression in splenocytes stimulated ex vivo. Keliximab caused an initial up-regulation of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon, followed by transient down-regulation of IL-4 and IL-10. Taken together, the effects of keliximab in HuCD4/Tg mice suggest that in addition to depleting circulating CD4(+) T lymphocytes, keliximab has the capability of modulating the function of the remaining cells without causing general immunosuppression. Therefore, keliximab therapy may be beneficial in controlling certain autoimmune diseases.
The use of monoclonal antibodies as probes of the three-dimensional structure of human complement factor D. (1984)

The monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were studied for their binding specificities and their effects on the hemolytic and proteolytic activities of human D. One Mab, FD10-1, was obtained from mice immunized with native D; the other, JA4-2, was similarly obtained from mice immunized with BSA coupled to a synthetic nonapeptide (Arg-Ile-Leu-Gly-Gly-Arg-Glu-Ala-Tyr) containing the seven NH2-terminal amino acids of D. By using a PEG-precipitation assay system, lactoperoxidase-iodinated D was precipitated by FD10-1 cell culture supernatant as well as by the purified MAb. Conversely, with the use of the same assay system, neither the JA4-2 cell culture supernatant nor the purified MAb precipitated any significant amount of 125I-D. In contrast, by using a solid-phase binding assay, radiolabeled JA4-2 as well as FD10-1 bound to D-coated wells. In addition, the binding of purified JA4-2 to D-coated wells could be completely inhibited by the nonapeptide, whereas the binding of purified FD10-1 at equivalent concentrations was unaffected. These binding studies correlated with the results of functional assays. FD10-1 was found to inhibit the hemolytic activity of the alternative complement pathway in human serum as well as the cleavage of radiolabeled B by D in the presence of cobra venom factor, whereas JA4-2 had no significant inhibitory effect in either of these assays. These data suggest that the NH2-terminus of native D, like that of other active serine proteases, is buried inside the molecule where it is inaccessible to the bulky JA4-2 MAb.
Rituximab in the treatment of non-Hodgkin&rsquo;s lymphoma (2008)

Besides traditional cytostatic drugs the introduction of monoclonal antibodies has substantially influenced current treatment concepts of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Rituximab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 chimeric antibody, now has been widely evaluated in the various B-cell lymphatic neoplasms. Large phase III studies helped to prove the value of this drug in follicular lymphoma as part of induction or relapse treatment as well as maintenance treatment. The addition of rituximab to the well established CHOP regimens has increased achievable cure rates in diffuse large cell lymphoma, and this combination is now accepted worldwide as standard of care. Although conflicting results are available, rituximab is widely used for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma. For the less frequent lymphoma entities phase 2 studies show a considerable efficiency for most of these B-NHL variants. Current research focuses on combined chemoimmunotherapy approaches, optimization of dosing regimens, and combination with novel agents.