gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical and crystallographic properties and impurity incorporation of GaxIn1−xAs (0.44&lt;x&lt;0.49) grown by liquid phase epitaxy, vapor phase epitaxy, and metal organic chemical vapor deposition (1983)

Optical, crystallographic, and transport properties of nominally undoped n-type and Zn doped p-type Gax In1−xAs /InP (0.44&amp;lt;x&amp;lt;0.49) grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE), vapor phase epitaxy (VPE), and metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) have been studied and related to the different growth methods. Samples grown by LPE show in general much larger luminescence intensities than the VPE samples with similar impurity concentration and less structural and compositional inhomogeneities. Peaks related to free and bound excitons and to different impurities are found in the photoluminescence and absorption spectra of the undoped samples. The binding energy of the exciton is determined to be 2.1±0.1 meV, in agreement with hydrogenic theory. A longitudinal optical (LO) phonon energy of 32±0.5 meV is derived from LO-phonon replica of the exciton line. The dependence of the energy gap at T=2 K from the solid solution composition in the range xGa =45%–49% is determined yielding a bowing parameter of C=0.475 and a gap value of Eg =0.811 eV at optimum lattice match. Data on donor-acceptor pair transitions observed in the photoluminescence spectra are combined with secondary ion mass spectrometry data to identify for the first time different acceptors: C, Zn, and Si. Their binding energies are 13±1, 22±1, and 25±1 meV, respectively. C is the dominant acceptor in the MOCVD samples, but is hardly observable in the LPE and VPE samples. Si and Zn are present in LPE, VPE, and MOCVD samples. The Zn doped p-type samples show a broad donor-Zn-acceptor pair transition band accompanied by a weak LO-phonon replica and a very weak exciton line.
Comparison of Protection Afforded by Whole Virus ISCOM Versus MDP Adjuvanted Formalin-Inactivated SIV Vaccines from IV Cell-Free or Cell-Associated Homologous Challenge (1992)

A SIV-ISCOM and a SIV-MDP adjuvanted vaccine were tested for their potential to induce protection from intravenous cell-free or cell-associated homologous SIV challenge in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Seven monkeys vaccinated four times over a four-month period with either the SIV-ISCOM or the SIV-MDP vaccine were challenged intravenously with approximately 10 MID50 cell-free SIVmac251 (32H). They all were protected from developing viremia during a three-month observation period. Two other groups of four monkeys were vaccinated essentially in the same way with either of these vaccines. They were challenged intravenously with approximately 10 MID50 of infected PBMC of a rhesus monkey that had been infected with SIVmac251 (32H) 11 months earlier (stock prepared by J. Heeney). Two monkeys of each of these two groups proved to be protected from developing viremia during a two-month observation period. For both the cell-free and the cell-associated SIV challenge, monkeys vaccinated with measles virus ISCOMS or MDP adjuvanted measles virus antigen, served as controls. They all became viremic within two weeks after SIV challenge. This is the first demonstration that vaccinated previously unchallenged nonhuman primates can be protected from infection with lentivirus-infected PBMC from another animal. Serological analysis indicated that SIV-specific serum antibody titers were considerably higher in SIV-ISCOM vaccinated animals than in the SIV-MDP vaccinated animals. The serology also confirmed the protection data, by showing the absence of increase in SIV-specific serum antibodies in apparently protected animals after challenge.
Prothrombin Activation Fragment 1 + 2 and Thrombin Antithrombin III Complexes in Patients with Angina Pectoris: Relation to the Presence and Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis (1993)

Plasma levels of the prothrombin activation fragment 1 + 2 (F 1 + 2) and of thrombin antithrombin III complexes (TAT) were determined in 225 patients with angina pectoris undergoing coronary angiography. Oral anticoagulant therapy was associated with a marked reduction in mean F1 + 2 (0.63 vs 1.62 nmol/l, p < 0.0001) and TAT levels (1.65 vs 2.23 micrograms/l, p < 0.0001). Omitting patients on oral anticoagulants, TAT values showed a positive association with patients' age (r = 0.18; p = 0.01) and were slightly higher in patients with a history of myocardial infarction than in those without (2.47 vs 2.11 micrograms/l; p = 0.06). Both F1 + 2 and TAT levels were increased in patients with angiographically verified coronary atherosclerosis as compared to patients with angina and angiographically normal coronaries (F1 + 2: 1.76 vs 1.36 nmol/l, TAT: 2.35 vs 2.00 micrograms/l; p-values after adjusting for age, sex and past history of myocardial infarction 0.06 and 0.11 respectively). However, no graded relationship between F1 + 2 or TAT values and severity of atherosclerosis was observed. This study provides suggestive evidence that a procoagulant state exists in patients with angina pectoris and coronary atherosclerosis. Its relevance in predicting coronary ischaemic events needs to be studied prospectively.
Specification of adaxial cell fate during maize leaf development (2004)

Dorsoventral (adaxial/abaxial) polarity of the maize leaf is established in the meristem and is maintained throughout organ development to coordinate proper outgrowth and patterning of the leaf. rolled leaf1 (rld1) and leafbladeless1 (lbl1) are required for the specification of the adaxial/upper leaf surface. rld1 encodes a class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIPIII) protein whose adaxial expression is spatially defined by miRNA166-directed transcript cleavage on the abaxial side. The semi-dominant Rld1-Original (Rld1-O) mutation, which results from a single nucleotide substitution in the miRNA166 complementary site, leads to persistent expression of mutant transcripts on the abaxial site. This causes the adaxialization or partial reversal of leaf polarity. By contrast, recessive mutations in lbl1 cause the formation of abaxialized leaves. The lbl1 and Rld1-O mutations mutually suppress each other, indicating that these two genes act in the same genetic pathway. Adaxial and meristematic expression of rld1 is reduced in lbl1 mutants, indicating that lbl1 acts upstream of rld1 to specify adaxial fate during primordium development. However, rld1 expression in the vasculature of lbl1 is normal, suggesting that the specification of adaxial/abaxial polarity during vascular and primordia development is governed by separate but overlapping pathways. We also show that members of the maize yabby gene family are expressed on the adaxial side of incipient and developing leaf primordia. This expression pattern is unlike that observed in Arabidopsis, where YABBY expression is correlated with abaxial cell fate. The yabby expression patterns in lbl1 and Rld1-O mutants suggest that the yabby genes act downstream in the same pathway as lbl1 and rld1. Moreover, our observations suggest that maize yabby genes may direct lateral organ outgrowth rather than determine cell fate. We propose that a single genetic pathway involving lbl1, rld1 and the yabby genes integrates positional information within the SAM, and leads to adaxial/abaxial patterning and mediolateral outgrowth of the leaf.
Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits (1977)

The Fifth Edition of this academically rigorous text provides a comprehensive treatment of analog integrated circuit analysis and design starting from the basics and through current industrial practices. The authors combine bipolar, CMOS and BiCMOS analog integrated-circuit design into a unified treatment that stresses their commonalities and highlights their differences. The comprehensive coverage of the material will provide the student with valuable insights into the relative strengths and weaknesses of these important technologies.
Group A Beta-hemolytic Streptococcal Infections (1998)

GABHS is the most common bacterial cause of tonsillopharyngitis, but this organism also produces acute otitis media; pneumonia; skin and soft-tissue infections; cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and lymphatic infections; bacteremia; and meningitis. Most children and adolescents who develop a sore throat do not have GABHS as the cause; their infection is viral in etiology. Other bacterial pathogens produce sore throat infrequently (e.g., Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae), and when they do, other concomitant clinical illness is present. Classic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis has an acute onset; produces concurrent headache, stomach ache, and dysphagia; and upon examination is characterized by intense tonsillopharyngeal erythema, yellow exudate, and tender/enlarged anterior cervical glands. Unfortunately only about 20% to 30% of patients present with classic disease. Physicians overdiagnose streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis by a wide margin, which almost always leads to unnecessary treatment with antibiotics. Accordingly, use of throat cultures and/or rapid GABHS detection tests in the office is strongly advocated. Their use has been shown to be cost-effective and to reduce antibiotic overprescribing substantially. Penicillin currently is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and American Heart Association as first-line therapy for GABHS infections; erythromycin is recommended for those allergic to penicillin. Virtually all patients improve clinically with penicillin and other antibiotics. However, penicillin treatment failures do occur, especially in tonsillopharyngitis in which 5% to 35% of patients do not experience bacteriologic eradication. Penicillin treatment failures are more common among patients who have been treated recently with the drug. Cephalosporins or azithromycin are preferred following penicillin treatment failures in selected patients as first-line therapy, based on a history of penicillin failures or lack of compliance and for impetigo. GABHS remain exquisitely sensitive to penicillin in vitro. There are several explanations for penicillin treatment failures, but the possibility of copathogen co-colonization in vivo has received the most attention. Treatment duration with penicillin should be 10 days to optimize cure in GABHS infections. A 5-day regimen is possible and approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for cefpodoxime (a cephalosporin) and azithromycin (a macrolide). Prevention of rheumatic fever is the primary objective for antibiotic therapy of GABHS infections, but a reduction in contagion and faster clinical improvement also can be achieved. Development of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis ("flesh-eating bacteria") are rising concerns. The portal of entry for these invasive GABHS strains is far more often skin and soft tissue than the tonsillopharynx.
Pain mechanisms in osteoarthritis of the knee: effect of intraarticular anesthetic. (1996)

Pain in some cases of OA knee can be abolished by IA LA, suggesting that the structures responsible for pain are in contact with the intraarticular environment. As well, interventions in one knee have significant effects on pain perception in the contralateral knee.
Road condition discrimination using weather data and camera images (2011)

An intelligent way of determining the road condition is needed to perform an effective road maintenance that results in high accessibility of the road network and high traffic safety. The hypothesis is that data from existing meteorological sensors and camera images from Road Weather information Systems (RWiS) could be used to improve the road condition classification. Previous research has found that an image analysis alone can estimate the road condition. This paper aims to evaluate if an extensive dataset retrieved from a RWiS site is sufficient to give a more accurate road condition classification than one obtained with an image analysis alone. The study reveals that RWiS data gives additional information for discrimination of the road conditions compared to image analysis only.
Therapeutic RNAi targeting PCSK9 acutely lowers plasma cholesterol in rodents and LDL cholesterol in nonhuman primates (2008)

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) protein levels and function. Loss of PCSK9 increases LDLR levels in liver and reduces plasma LDL cholesterol (LDLc), whereas excess PCSK9 activity decreases liver LDLR levels and increases plasma LDLc. Here, we have developed active, cross-species, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) capable of targeting murine, rat, nonhuman primate (NHP), and human PCSK9. For in vivo studies, PCSK9 and control siRNAs were formulated in a lipidoid nanoparticle (LNP). Liver-specific siRNA silencing of PCSK9 in mice and rats reduced PCSK9 mRNA levels by 50-70%. The reduction in PCSK9 transcript was associated with up to a 60% reduction in plasma cholesterol concentrations. These effects were shown to be mediated by an RNAi mechanism, using 5'-RACE. In transgenic mice expressing human PCSK9, siRNAs silenced the human PCSK9 transcript by >70% and significantly reduced PCSK9 plasma protein levels. In NHP, a single dose of siRNA targeting PCSK9 resulted in a rapid, durable, and reversible lowering of plasma PCSK9, apolipoprotein B, and LDLc, without measurable effects on either HDL cholesterol (HDLc) or triglycerides (TGs). The effects of PCSK9 silencing lasted for 3 weeks after a single bolus i.v. administration. These results validate PCSK9 targeting with RNAi therapeutics as an approach to specifically lower LDLc, paving the way for the development of PCSK9-lowering agents as a future strategy for treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
Cloning and Characterization of the Human Activity-dependent Neuroprotective Protein (2001)

We have recently cloned the mouse activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP). Here, we disclose the cloning of human ADNP (hADNP) from a fetal brain cDNA library. Comparative sequence analysis of these two ADNP orthologs indicated 90% identity at the mRNA level. Several single nucleotide polymorphic sites were noticed. The deduced protein structure contained nine zinc fingers, a proline-rich region, a nuclear bipartite localization signal, and a homeobox domain profile, suggesting a transcription factor function. Further comparative analysis identified an ADNP paralog (33% identity and 46% similarity), indicating that these genes belong to a novel protein family with a nine-zinc finger motif followed by a homeobox domain. The hADNP gene structure spans approximately 40 kilobases and includes five exons and four introns with alternative splicing of an untranslated second exon. The hADNP gene was mapped to chromosome 20q12-13.2, a region associated with aggressive tumor growth, frequently amplified in many neoplasias, including breast, bladder, ovarian, pancreatic, and colon cancers. hADNP mRNA is abundantly expressed in distinct normal tissues, and high expression levels were encountered in malignant cells. Down-regulation of ADNP by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides up-regulated the tumor suppressor p53 and reduced the viability of intestinal cancer cells by 90%. Thus, ADNP is implicated in maintaining cell survival, perhaps through modulation of p53.
Glycoproteins of the Human Milk Fat Globule in the Protection of the Breast-Fed Infant against Infections (1998)

Nonimmunological components in human milk can protect breast-fed infants against infection by microorganisms. The structural and functional characteristics of four such components are discussed. The mucin inhibits binding of S-fimbriated Escherichia coli to bucal epithelial cells; lactadherin prevents symptomatic rotavirus-induced infection; glycoaminoglycans inhibit binding of human immunodeficiency virus gp120 to its host cell CD4 receptor, and oligosaccharides provide protection against several pathogens and their toxins.
A framework of energy efficient mobile sensing for automatic user state recognition (2009)

Urban sensing, participatory sensing, and user activity recognition can provide rich contextual information for mobile applications such as social networking and location-based services. However, continuously capturing this contextual information on mobile devices consumes huge amount of energy. In this paper, we present a novel design framework for an Energy Efficient Mobile Sensing System (EEMSS). EEMSS uses hierarchical sensor management strategy to recognize user states as well as to detect state transitions. By powering only a minimum set of sensors and using appropriate sensor duty cycles EEMSS significantly improves device battery life. We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of EEMSS that automatically recognizes a set of users' daily activities in real time using sensors on an off-the-shelf high-end smart phone. Evaluation of EEMSS with 10 users over one week shows that our approach increases the device battery life by more than 75% while maintaining both high accuracy and low latency in identifying transitions between end-user activities.
DIGITAL SIGNATURE SCHEMES (1982)

This paper introduces four new digital signature schemes for computer communication networks. These involve one or more arbitrators who validate and authenticate messages and signatures without having access to the actual contents of the messages.
Measurement of the Optical Force and Trapping Range of a Single-beam Gradient Optical Trap for Micron-sized Latex Spheres (1994)

Abstract A single-beam gradient optical trap was constructed using a 20 mW 632·8 nm He–Ne laser coupled to an optical microscope. Latex spheres were trapped in water at the focal point of a tightly-focused laser beam, which was generated using a 100 × objective. The efficiency of the trap was evaluated by determining the maximum speeds at which the trapped particles could be manipulated. Typical maximum speeds of tens of microns per second were recorded, at the maximum trapping power of 6·7 mW. The effective transverse trapping range for 1–7 μm diameter latex spheres was measured to be 1–3 μm, and the maximum transverse optical force on 1–12 μm diameter latex spheres varied in the range 0·4–4·5 pN.
Modulation of therapeutic antibody effector functions by glycosylation engineering: Influence of Golgi enzyme localization domain and co‐expression of heterologous β1, 4‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase III and Golgi α‐mannosidase II (2006)

The effector functions elicited by IgG antibodies strongly depend on the carbohydrate moiety linked to the Fc region of the protein. Therefore several approaches have been developed to rationally manipulate these glycans and improve the biological functions of the antibody. Overexpression of recombinant beta1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) in production cell lines leads to antibodies enriched in bisected oligosaccharides. Moreover, GnT-III overexpression leads to increases in non-fucosylated and hybrid oligosaccharides. Such antibody glycovariants have increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). To explore a further variable besides overexpression of GnT-III, we exchanged the localization domain of GnT-III with that of other Golgi-resident enzymes. Our results indicate that chimeric GnT-III can compete even more efficiently against the endogenous core alpha1,6-fucosyltransferase (alpha1,6-FucT) and Golgi alpha-mannosidase II (ManII) leading to higher proportions of bisected non-fucosylated hybrid glycans ("Glyco-1" antibody). The co-expression of GnT-III and ManII led to a similar degree of non-fucosylation as that obtained for Glyco-1, but the majority of the oligosaccharides linked to this antibody ("Glyco-2") are of the complex type. These glycovariants feature strongly increased ADCC activity compared to the unmodified antibody, while Glyco-1 (hybrid-rich) features reduced complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to Glyco-2 or unmodified antibody. We show that apart from GnT-III overexpression, engineering of GnT-III localization is a versatile tool to modulate the biological activities of antibodies relevant for their therapeutic application.
Identification of Pseudomonas syringae pathogens of Arabidopsis and a bacterial locus determining avirulence on both Arabidopsis and soybean. (1991)

To develop a model system for molecular genetic analysis of plant-pathogen interactions, we studied the interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst). Pst strains were found to be virulent or avirulent on specific Arabidopsis ecotypes, and single ecotypes were resistant to some Pst strains and susceptible to others. In many plant-pathogen interactions, disease resistance is controlled by the simultaneous presence of single plant resistance genes and single pathogen avirulence genes. Therefore, we tested whether avirulence genes in Pst controlled induction of resistance in Arabidopsis. Cosmids that determine avirulence were isolated from Pst genomic libraries, and the Pst avirulence locus avrRpt2 was defined. This allowed us to construct pathogens that differed only by the presence or absence of a single putative avirulence gene. We found that Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 was susceptible to Pst strain DC3000 but resistant to the same strain carrying avrRpt2, suggesting that a single locus in Col-0 determines resistance. As a first step toward genetically mapping the postulated resistance locus, an ecotype susceptible to infection by DC3000 carrying avrRpt2 was identified. The avrRpt2 locus from Pst was also moved into virulent strains of the soybean pathogen P. syringae pv glycinea to test whether this locus could determine avirulence on soybean. The resulting strains induced a resistant response in a cultivar-specific manner, suggesting that similar resistance mechanisms may function in Arabidopsis and soybean.
High-temperature resistive surface grating for spectral control of thermal radiation (2003)

Spectral emittance and thermal stability of two-dimensional W gratings are investigated to obtain high-temperature resistive selective emitters. Numerical calculations based on rigorous coupled-wave analysis are performed to determine the structural profile of gratings with good spectral selectivity. According to the determined parameters, two-dimensional W gratings composed of rectangular microcavities with the period of 1.0 μm are fabricated on single crystalline and polycrystalline W substrates. The grating shows a strong emission peak which can be explained by the confined modes inside the cavities. The grating with 200 nm wall thickness made from a single crystalline W shows very high thermal stability over 1400 K, while the polycrystalline grating is deformed at a high temperature because of the grain growth.
Modified Tetrachrome Method for Osteoid and Defectively Mineralized Bone in Paraffin Sections (1992)

A new modification of the tetrachrome method for bone osteoid in paraffin sections has been designed. The modified tetrachrome method suitable for routine use in any histology laboratory retains the simplicity of the original method and gives good results on the freshly fixed, decalcified, paraffin embedded material. Osteoid tissue is stained deep blue and normally mineralized bone is stained red. Defectively mineralized bone stains pale blue or pink and the cellular population is clearly identifiable. The ability to distinguish the osteoid tissue from mineralized bone and connective tissue and cartilage makes diagnosis of osteomalacia or osteoid producing tumors or assessment of ossification process straightforward, without the need for un-decalcified sections. By displaying simultaneously irregularities in the mineralized matrix and morphology of bone cells, the method also permits the diagnosis of conditions recently described in patients with osteoporotic fractures, such as osteocytic degeneration and bone tissue defects.