gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Risk, needs and responsivity in violence rehabilitation : implications for programs with indigenous offenders (1999)

As a group of forensic psychologists with a background in clinical practice and research with offenders, we share the perception that sensitivity to cultural issues is a neglected area in offender rehabilitation. Perhaps this should be stated more strongly: that cultural dimensions of offender rehabilitation programs require urgent attention. We are working to understand how rehabilitation programs can be most appropriately offered to Aboriginal offenders, with a particular interest in programs dealing with anger, aggression and violence ( Howells et al, 1997). Our starting point in this area has been an interest in whether the rehabilitation of offenders works - in the sense of reducing recidivism (see Hollin, 1999 ; Howells and Day, 1999). Reading the literature gives us grounds for optimism. There is increasing evidence that rehabilitation programs can have a significant impact in reducing rates of reoffending. Rather than assessing whether rehabilitation programs work, our interest is increasingly focused on assessing the characteristics of the most effective programs. In the rehabilitation literature there are three main principles which have been widely endorsed as underlying more effective programs (reference here). In this paper we will explore whether and how these principles might inform our thinking about developing programs for offenders from Indigenous backgrounds. The Risk Principle (reference) suggests that the offenders who are most likely to reoffend should be targeted for rehabilitation programs. Research has suggested that higher risk offenders benefit the most from programs, while programs have a small or even a negative impact upon lower risk offenders. The second principle - the Needs Principle , suggests that programs should address the known needs of offenders. The cornerstone of the Needs Principle is that the contents and targets of programs should be factors which can be demonstrated to be significant causal influences for offending behaviour itself, in the population being addressed. We prefer the language of functional analysis in this context ( Sturmey, 1996). We should direct our attention towards functionally important aspects of the environment and the person. The evidence suggests that rehabilitation programs often do not target areas of demonstrated need (reference). Finally the Responsivity Principle suggests that programs should be designed and delivered in such ways that participants are likely to respond. That is, programs should be adapted to the specific features of the group being offered the rehabilitation program. In this paper we will use these principles to develop an understanding of how anger management or other violence programs can be most appropriately offered to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander offenders.
Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Their Binding Proteins: Biological Actions* (1995)

THE insulin-like growth factors were discovered on the basis of their ability to stimulate cartilage sulfation and to replace the “sulfation factor activity” of GH, as determined using an in vivo assay, in an in vitro test system (1). The biological significance of this finding was quickly expanded beyond the study of cartilage sulfation to include stimulation of DNA synthesis (2), proteoglycan synthesis (3), glycosaminoglycan synthesis (4), and protein synthesis (5). Most of these studies used tissue preparations such as isolated diaphragm, cartilage, or epididymal fat pads to study biologicalactivity. In recognition of its generalized pleiotypic actions, in the early 1970's sulfation factor was renamed somatomedin (mediator of the effects of somatotropin) and was included in the emerging classification of broad spectrum growth factors along with platelet derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and epidermal growth factor (6). During the period in which the biological actions of sulfation factor were being characterized, parallel studies were initiated that attempted to define factors in serum that could stimulate insulin-like effects. Because these factors were known to be distinct from immunoreactive insulin, their bioassay was based on insulin-like actions that could not be abolished by the simultaneous addition of anti-insulin antibody, and the factors were termed nonsuppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA) (7). Initial biological studies of both NSILA and somatomedin were based on the use of crude serum extracts. Early attempts to extract these factors from tissues were generally not successful, and by 1970 it had been concluded that no concentrated organ source for them existed (8). However, highly purified preparations of both factors were prepared from serum extracts.
Biodegradable Polymer Grafts for Surgical Repair of the Injured Spinal Cord (2002)

Biodegradable polymer grafts may have significant therapeutic potential in the surgical repair of the injured spinal cord. Further research should be focused on the bioengineering, characterization, and experimental application of these devices.
Food Additive Toxicology (2024)

Types of food additives food acidulants antioxidants food colours curing agents flavouring agents flavour potentiators salts modified food starches incidental food additives antimicrobial agents.
Human Milk Lacto‐Engineering: Growth Nitrogen Metabolism, and Energy Balance in Preterm Infants (1984)

Fourteen 3-day metabolic balance studies were carried out in 8 healthy male preterm infants (birthweight 1 270 +/- 170 g, gestational age 30 +/- 2 weeks) fed 183 +/- 7 ml/kg/day of a human milk formula made of incompletely skimmed human milk enriched with lyophilized whole human milk, minerals, medium chain triglycerides and linoleate. Daily intakes per kilo bodyweight were for protein 3.5 +/- 0.3 g, fat 7.0 +/- 2.1 g, and energy 573 +/- 88 kJ (137 kcal). Weight gain was 29 +/- 5 g per day and nitrogen retention was 317 +/- 52 mg/kg/day. Fat absorption was 76 +/- 12%. Renal acid and solute loads were low and there was no metabolic acidosis, hyperazotemia or hyperaminoacidemia, except for tyrosine. It is concluded that preterm infants fed a human milk formula have similar growth rates and nitrogen retentions as foetuses in utero or preterm infants fed their own mother's milk.
The Manifestation Test (2013)

In the UK the law of human rights centres on the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Within the ECHR our focus is on Article 9(1), which provides the qualified right to manifest one’s religion or belief. What does ‘manifest’ mean? The Courts have ruled that, while not every action ‘motivated or inspired by’ a religion or belief thereby manifests it, one that is ‘intimately linked to’ or ‘directly expresses’ a religion or belief does manifest it. But what do these relations come to? The Courts have given only a set of examples. This chapter will examine various different attempts to draw from these examples a ‘test’ that will tell, for any given action and belief, whether or not that action manifests that belief.
FASTUS: A Finite-state Processor for Information Extraction from Real-world Text. (1993)

Approaches to text processing that rely on parsing the text with a context-free grammar tend to be slow and error-prone because of the massive ambiguity of long sentences. In contrast, FASTUS employs a nondeterministic finite-state language model that produces a phrasal decomposition of a sentence into noun groups, verb groups and particles. Another finite-state machine recognizes domain-specific phrases based on combinations of the heads of the constituents found in the first pass. FASTUS has been evaluated on several blind tests that demonstrate that state-of-the-art performance on information-extraction tasks is obtainable with surprisingly little computational effort.
Rhodopsin mutations responsible for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Clustering of functional classes along the polypeptide chain. (1993)

Over 40 mutations in the rhodopsin gene have been identified in patients with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Twenty-one of these mutations have been introduced into a human rhodopsin cDNA by site-directed mutagenesis, and the encoded proteins have been produced by transfection of a human embryonic kidney cell line (293S). Three of the mutant proteins (G51V, V345M, and P347S) resemble the wild type in yield, regenerability with 11-cis-retinal, and accumulation in the plasma membrane (class I). The remaining 18 mutant proteins are produced at lower levels, regenerate variably or not at all with 11-cis-retinal, and accumulate partially or predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum (class II). Together with an earlier analysis of 13 mutant rhodopsins (Sung, C.-H., Schneider, B., Agarwal, N., Papermaster, D.S., and Nathans, J. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 8840-8844), these experiments define distinct classes of biochemical defects in human rhodopsin and further show that amino acid substitutions in class II reside within the transmembrane and extracellular domains, whereas class I mutants cluster in the first transmembrane domain and at the extreme carboxyl terminus.
Amplification and assembly of chip-eluted DNA (AACED): a method for high-throughput gene synthesis (2004)

A basic problem in gene synthesis is the acquisition of many short oligonucleotide sequences needed for the assembly of genes. Photolithographic methods for the massively parallel synthesis of high-density oligonucleotide arrays provides a potential source, once appropriate methods have been devised for their elution in forms suitable for enzyme-catalyzed assembly. Here, we describe a method based on the photolithographic synthesis of long (>60mers) single-stranded oligonucleotides, using a modified maskless array synthesizer. Once the covalent bond between the DNA and the glass surface is cleaved, the full-length oligonucleotides are selected and amplified using PCR. After cleavage of flanking primer sites, a population of unique, internal 40mer dsDNA sequences are released and are ready for use in biological applications. Subsequent gene assembly experiments using this DNA pool were performed and were successful in creating longer DNA fragments. This is the first report demonstrating the use of eluted chip oligonucleotides in biological applications such as PCR and assembly PCR.
A theoretical method of electrical field analysis for dielectrophoretic electrode arrays using Green's theorem (1996)

A new method, based on Green's theorem, for calculating the electric fields produced by two-dimensional electrode arrays for the dielectrophoretic (DEP) characterization and manipulation of particles is presented. This method transforms the problem of solving the second-order differential Laplace equation for the electrical potential into an integral problem at the electrode plane. It relies on the knowledge of the electrical potential distribution on the electrode plane (the Dirichlet type boundary condition). The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in the examples of an array of parallel electrodes under various voltage signal excitation modes. The field distributions so obtained are compared with those calculated by the numerical charge density method. Furthermore, an approach is described for utilizing boundary conditions for mixed Dirichlet and Neumann types as appropriate for realistic electrode configurations. Finally the method's applicability to two-dimensional electrode arrays and its significance for dielectrophoresis studies are considered. Because of its analytical nature, the Green's theorem-based method has many advantages over numerical simulations: (1) depending on the complexity of the electrode geometry, analytical expressions may be obtained not only for the potential distribution but also for the electric field and the time-averaged DEP force, circumventing the need for numerical differentiation; (2) accurate field and DEP force determinations can be made right up to the electrode plane and the electrode edges; (3) the approach is computationally much more efficient than numerical techniques.
Capillary Force Lithography (2001)

A simple yet robust method for large-area patterning of polymer films—capillary force lithography—is presented here. This method, which combines the essential features of imprint lithography and microcontact printing, allows the replication of features down to 100 nm. The Figure shows a typical pattern.
Murine Sarcoma and Leukemia Viruses: Assay Using Clonal Lines of Contact-Inhibited Mouse Cells (1969)

A continuous cell line of highly contact-inhibited cells (NIH/3T3) has been developed from NIH Swiss mouse embryo cultures. Its growth properties are similar to those of 3T3 and BALB/3T3. Although 3T3 is relatively insensitive to focus formation by murine sarcoma viruses, cloned lines of both NIH/3T3 and BALB/3T3 have been isolated that are highly sensitive to sarcoma virus focus formation and leukemia virus growth. The sensitivity and specificity are comparable to those found with primary embryo cells. MSV-transformed lines of NIH/3T3 have been obtained.
Reproduction of functional smooth muscle tissue and partial bladder replacement (1997)

The BAMG appears to serve, without rejection, as a framework of collagen and elastin for the ingrowth of all bladder wall components. The reason for the better acceptance of the BAMG than of other bladder augmentation grafts requires further investigation.
A simple stopping criterion for turbo decoding (2000)

This article proposes a simple stopping criterion for turbo decoding that extends the existing sign change ratio (SCR) technique. The new sign difference ratio (SDR) criterion counts the sign differences between the a priori information and the extrinsic information. Unlike the SCR, it requires no extra data storage. Simulations comparing the new technique with other well known stopping criteria show that the proposed SDR scheme achieves similar performance in terms of the bit error rate (BER), frame error rate (FER), and the average number of iterations, while requiring lower complexity. A GENIE scheme is included as the limit of all possible stopping criteria.
Preclinical Evaluation of Pulsed Field Ablation (2019)

In this chronic porcine study, PFA-based pulmonary vein and SVC isolation were safe and efficacious with demonstrable sparing of nerves and venous tissue. This preclinical study provided the scientific basis for the first-in-human endocardial PFA studies.
Biochemical adaptations of two sugar kinases from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (2002)

The hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus possesses a modified Embden-Meyerhof pathway, including an unusual ADP-dependent glucokinase (ADP-GLK) and an ADP-dependent phosphofructokinase. In the present study, we report the characterization of a P. furiosus galactokinase (GALK) and its comparison with the P. furiosus ADP-GLK. The pyrococcal genes encoding the ADP-GLK and GALK were functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, and the proteins were subsequently purified to homogeneity. Both enzymes are specific kinases with an optimal activity at approx. 90°C. Biochemical characterization of these enzymes confirmed that the ADP-GLK is unable to use ATP as the phosphoryl group donor, but revealed that GALK is ATP-dependent and has an extremely high affinity for ATP. There is a discussion about whether the unusual features of these two classes of kinases might reflect adaptations to a relatively low intracellular ATP concentration in the hyperthermophilic archaeon P. furiosus.
A Dose-Dependent Increase in Mortality with Vesnarinone among Patients with Severe Heart Failure (1998)

Vesnarinone is associated with a dose-dependent increase in mortality among patients with severe heart failure, an increase that is probably related to an increase in deaths due to arrhythmia. A short-term benefit in terms of the quality of life raises issues about the appropriate therapeutic goal in treating heart failure.
Blastomeres arising from the first cleavage division have distinguishable fates in normal mouse development (2001)

Two independent studies have recently suggested similar models in which the embryonic and abembryonic parts of the mouse blastocyst become separated already by the first cleavage division. However, no lineage tracing studies carried out so far on early embryos provide the support for such a hypothesis. Thus, to re-examine the fate of blastomeres of the two-cell mouse embryo, we have undertaken lineage tracing studies using a non-perturbing method. We show that two-cell stage blastomeres have a strong tendency to develop into cells that comprise either the embryonic or the abembryonic parts of the blastocyst. Moreover, the two-cell stage blastomere that is first to divide will preferentially contribute its progeny to the embryonic part. Nevertheless, we find that the blastocyst embryonic-abembryonic axis is not perfectly orthogonal to the first cleavage plane, but often shows some angular displacement from it. Consequently, there is a boundary zone adjacent to the interior margin of the blastocoel that is populated by cells derived from both earlier and later dividing blastomeres. The majority of cells that inhabit this boundary region are, however, derived from the later dividing two-cell stage blastomere that contributes predominantly to the abembryonic part of the blastocyst. Thus, at the two-cell stage it is already possible to predict which cell will contribute a greater proportion of its progeny to the abembryonic part of the blastocyst (region including the blastocyst cavity) and which to the embryonic part (region containing the inner cell mass) that will give rise to the embryo proper.
Rucaparib: the past, present, and future of a newly approved PARP inhibitor for ovarian cancer (2017)

Rucaparib camsylate (CO-338, AG-014699, PF-01367338) is a potent PARP-1, PARP-2, and PARP-3 inhibitor. Phase I and II studies demonstrated clinical efficacy in both <i>BRCA</i>-mutated (inclusive of germline and somatic) ovarian tumors and ovarian tumors with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Rucaparib has received the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for patients with deleterious <i>BRCA</i> mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated advanced ovarian cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies. There is evidence to suggest that rucaparib has clinical efficacy against ovarian tumors with high HRD-LOH. Rucaparib's companion diagnostic FoundationFocus™ CDx <i><sub>BRCA</sub></i> test is the first FDA-approved next-generation sequencing-based companion diagnostic test designed to identify patients likely to respond to rucaparib. This article reviews the mechanisms of action, safety, approval, and indications for use of the PARP inhibitor rucaparib as well as future trials and use of rucaparib's companion diagnostic test.
Isolation and characterization of the Escherichia coli mutH gene product. (1987)

The Escherichia coli mutH gene product has been isolated in near homogeneous form using an in vitro complementation assay for DNA mismatch correction (Lu, A.-L., Clark, S., and Modrich, P. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 4639-4643) which is dependent on mutH function. The protein has a subunit Mr of 25,000, and purified preparations contain a Mg2+-dependent endonuclease activity which cleaves 5' to the dG of d(GATC) sequences to generate 5'-phosphoryl and 3'-hydroxyl termini. Symmetrically methylated d(GATC) sites are resistant to the endonuclease, hemimethylated sequences are cleaved on the unmethylated strand, and unmethylated d(GATC) sites are usually subject to scission on only one DNA strand. Although this endonuclease activity is extremely weak (less than 1 scission/h/mutH monomer equivalent) and cleavage at a d(GATC) site does not depend on the presence of a mismatched base pair within the DNA substrate, the activity does not appear to be a contaminant of mutH preparations. d(GATC) endonuclease activity and mutH complementing activity co-purify through multiple column steps without change in relative specific activities, and both activities co-electrophorese under native conditions. These findings suggest that the mutH product functions at the strand discrimination stage of mismatch correction and that this stage of the reaction involves scission of the unmethylated DNA strand.
Interleukin-10 is a potent inhibitor of tumor cytotoxicity by human monocytes and alveolar macrophages (1994)

The effects of purified human interleukin-10 (IL-10) on the expression of antitumor activity of human monocytes and alveolar macrophages (AMs) obtained by centrifugal elutriation and bronchoalveolar lavage, respectively, from the same healthy donors were examined. Monocytes and AMs were incubated for 16 h in medium with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of IL-10 or IL-4, and then their tumoricidal activity was assayed by measuring 125I-IUdR release from human melanoma (A375) cells. Addition of IL-10 to cultures of monocytes or AMs with LPS resulted in dose-dependent suppression of their cytotoxicity against A375 cells, the suppression of the activity of monocytes being the higher. IL-10 also suppressed the synergistic effects of interferon-gamma and desmethyl muramyldipeptide in activation of monocytes. IL-10 inhibited the early induction phase of monocyte activation but not the effector phase (monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity). IL-10 plus IL-4 inhibited the antitumor activities of AMs and monocytes much more than either IL-10 or IL-4 alone. IL-10 and IL-4 at suboptimal concentrations also showed synergistic inhibitory effects. These findings suggest that IL-10 may be important in vivo in down-regulating the antitumor activities of monocytes and AMs in the lung by inhibiting their productions of antitumor effector molecules.
Are There Fundamental Limitations on the Sheet Resistance and Transmittance of Thin Graphene Films? (2010)

From published transmittance and sheet resistance data, we have calculated a figure of merit for transparent, conducting graphene films; the DC to optical conductivity ratio, sigma(DC)/sigma(Op). For most reported results, this conductivity ratio clusters around the values sigma(DC)/sigma(Op) = 0.7, 4.5, and 11. We show that these represent fundamental limiting values for networks of graphene flakes, undoped graphene stacks, and graphite films, respectively. The limiting value for graphene flake networks is much too low for transparent-electrode applications. For graphite, a conductivity ratio of 11 gives R(s) = 377Omega/ for T = 90%, far short of the 10 Omega/ minimum requirement for transparent conductors in current driven applications. However, we suggest that substrate-induced doping can potentially increase the 2-dimensional DC conductivity enough to make graphene a viable transparent conductor. We show that four randomly stacked graphene layers can display T approximately 90% and 10 Omega/ if the product of carrier density and mobility reaches nmu = 1.3 x 10(17) V(-1) s(-1). Given achieved doping values and attainable mobilities, this is just possible, resulting in potential values of sigma(DC)/sigma(Op) of up to 330. This is high enough for any transparent conductor application.