gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Altered expression of the retinoblastoma (RB) gene in small-cell carcinoma of the lung. (1988)

Nine lung small-cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines and 9 lung non-SCC cell lines were examined for structural changes of the retinoblastoma (RB) gene as well as its expression using a complementary DNA probe. The RB protein product was investigated using an anti-RB antibody which we produced. Although homozygosity or hemizygosity of the RB gene was suggested in 8 of 9 SCCs and one of 2 large cell carcinomas (LCCs) by Southern blot analysis using an RB cDNA probe and polymorphic DNA markers for chromosome 13, no obvious structural changes of the RB gene were detected in these 18 cell lines. However, RB transcripts were either markedly reduced in quantity or abnormal in length in 3 of 9 SCCs. The specific 115 kD protein was not immunoprecipitated by the anti-RB antibody in all 9 SCCs with either normal or abnormal size RB mRNA. Three of 4 adenocarcinomas (AdCs), all 3 squamous cell carcinomas, and one of 2 LCCs expressed normal size RB mRNA, and the 115 kD protein was immunoprecipitated by the anti-RB antibody. The 115 kD protein was also absent in one of 2 LCCs with shortened RB mRNA and in one of 4 AdCs with low level of RB mRNA expression. These results strongly suggest that inactivation of the RB gene might be involved in the development of lung cancers, especially of SCCs.
The development of a wide-field, high-resolution UV Raman hyperspectral imager (2015)

Raman spectroscopy is a valuable tool for the investigation and analysis of explosive and biological analytes because it provides a unique molecular fingerprint that allows for unambiguous target identification. Raman can be advantageous when utilized with deep UV excitation, but typical deep UV Raman systems have numerous limitations that hinder their performance and make their potential integration onto a field portable platform difficult. These systems typically offer very low throughput, are physically large and heavy, and can only probe an area the size of a tightly focused laser, severely diminishing the ability of the system to investigate large areas efficiently. The majority of these limitations are directly related to a system’s spectrometer, which is typically dispersive grating based and requires a very narrow slit width and long focal length optics to achieve high spectral resolution. To address these shortcomings, ChemImage Sensor Systems (CISS), teaming with the University of South Carolina, are developing a revolutionary wide-field Raman hyperspectral imaging system capable of providing wide-area, high resolution measurements with greatly increased throughput in a small form factor, which would revolutionize the way Raman is conducted and applied. The innovation couples a spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS), a novel slit-less spectrometer that operates similar to Michelson interferometer, with a fiber array spectral translator (FAST) fiber array, a two-dimensional imaging fiber for hyperspectral imagery. This combination of technologies creates a novel wide-field, high throughput Raman hyperspectral imager capable of yielding very high spectral resolution measurements using defocused excitation, giving the system a greater area coverage and faster search rate than traditional Raman systems. This paper will focus on the need for an innovative UV Raman system, provide an overview of spatial heterodyne Raman spectroscopy, and discuss the development of the system.
The charge and structural stability of apolipoprotein A-I in discoidal and spherical recombinant high density lipoprotein particles. (1992)

The details of how high density lipoprotein (HDL) microstructure affects the conformation and net charge of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I in various classes of HDL particles have been investigated in homogeneous recombinant HDL (rHDL) particles containing apoA-I, palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and cholesteryl oleate. Isothermal denaturation with guanidine HCl was used to monitor alpha-helix structural stability, whereas electrokinetic analyses and circular dichroism were used to determine particle charge and apoA-I secondary structure, respectively. Electrokinetic analyses show that at pH 8.6 apoA-I has a net negative charge on discoidal (POPC.apoA-I) particles (-5.2 electronic units/mol of apoA-I) which is significantly greater than that of apoA-I either free in solution or on spherical (POPC.cholesteryl oleate.apoA-I) rHDL (approximately -3.5 electronic units). Raising the POPC content (32-128 mol/ml of apoA-I) of discoidal particles 1) increases the particle major diameter from 9.3 to 12.1 nm, 2) increases the alpha-helix content from 62 to 77%, and 3) stabilizes the helical segments by increasing the free energy of unfolding (delta GD degree) from 1.4 to 3.0 kcal/mol of apoA-I. Raising the POPC content (28-58 mol/mol of apoA-I) of spherical particles 1) increases the particle diameter from 7.4 to 12.6 nm, 2) increases the percent alpha-helix from 62 to 69%, and 3) has no significant effect on delta GD degree (2.2 kcal/mol of apoA-I). This study shows that different HDL subspecies maintain particular apoA-I conformations that confer unique charge and structural characteristics on the particles. It is likely that the charge and conformation of apoA-I are critical molecular properties that modulate the metabolism of HDL particles and influence their role in cholesterol transport.
INTERSEPT (1996)

INTERSEPT provides additional clinical data implicating TNF-alpha as an integral mediator of septic shock. The study suggested a possible role for anti-TNF antibody as adjunctive therapy, but this possibility requires confirmation by another clinical trial.
Cancer regression in patients with metastatic melanoma after the transfer of autologous antitumor lymphocytes (2004)

Our recent clinical trials demonstrate that autologous cell transfer after lymphodepleting chemotherapy can cause the regression of large, vascularized tumors in patients with refractory metastatic melanoma. Eighteen of 35 patients treated with tumor-reactive lymphocyte cultures experienced an objective clinical response (>50% reduction in tumor), including four complete responders. In some patients, tumor regression was accompanied by a large in vivo expansion of the administered antitumor lymphocytes, which persisted in peripheral blood at >70% of total lymphocytes for many months after transfer. The cells capable of mediating tumor regression consisted of heterogeneous lymphocyte populations with high avidity for tumor antigens that were derived from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes cultured for limited times in vitro. The success of this treatment likely results from the ability to infuse large numbers of activated antitumor lymphocytes into an appropriate host homeostatic environment depleted of regulatory T cells. These studies are elucidating the requirements for successful immunotherapy of patients with advanced metastatic disease and are leading to additional clinical trials with gene-modified lymphocytes.
Fundamental Indexes™: Current and Future Applications (2006)

Since the initial circulation of Fundamental Indexation research in mid-2004, the concept has spurred great interest and debates in the investment community. At its core, Fundamental Indexing argues that cap-weighting systematically overweights overvalued stocks and underweights undervalued stocks in a portfolio, which leads to a return drag in traditional indexes. Unless we believe that share prices are identically equal to the eventual true fair value of a company, this is an obvious truism. Advocates of cap-weighting generally dismiss this concern with the equally true observation that we cannot know which companies are over- or under-valued. We first outline the methodology and results of the original research in large company US stocks and then review future applications; namely extending down the size spectrum, applying internationally and using Fundamental Indexing in sector funds. The excess returns of fundamental Indexing are found to be considerably larger in smaller company and international portfolios. Meanwhile, sector funds based upon Fundamental Indexes produce excess returns in all ten economic sectors over a sixteen-year period.
Sodium Channel Mutations and Susceptibility to Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation (2005)

Heritable SCN5A defects are associated with susceptibility to early-onset DCM and atrial fibrillation. Similar or even identical mutations may lead to heart failure, arrhythmia, or both.
Adjusted Subcutaneous Heparin or Continuous Intravenous Heparin in Patients with Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis (1987)

Adjusted subcutaneous calcium heparin may be an effective and safe alternative to continuous intravenous calcium heparin in the initial treatment of acute proximal deep vein thrombosis.
Very sharp platinum tips for scanning tunneling microscopy (1995)

To achieve both high stability for scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements and well-defined tunnel current localization even on very rough surfaces, we have developed a new electrochemical procedure using CaCl2 etching and H2SO4 micro polishing technique to obtain a very reproducible tip geometry. The mean curvature radius is about 50 Å. The contamination-free platinum tips are usable for a long time as well in air as in ultrahigh vacuum. The tip quality has been tested by STM measurements on gold (111) surfaces and on liquid-crystal films. Tips are stable and provide good STM image in far less time than commonly used tips.
Block copolymers of amino acids. I. Synthesis and structure of copolymers of L‐alanine or L‐phenylalanine with D,L‐lysine‐d7 or D,L‐lysine (1977)

Abstract Water‐soluble block copolymers of the type (A) m ‐(B) n ‐(A) p , where (A) m , p was either poly( D , L ‐lysine‐α,β,β,γ,γ,δ,δ‐ d 7 ) or poly( D , L ‐lysine) and (B) n was either poly( L ‐alanine) or poly( L ‐phenylalanine), were synthesized for conformational studies by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analytical determination of the amount of the initiator fragment ( n ‐hexylamine) at the C‐terminus of the copolymers was used to obtain the number‐average degrees of polymerization, DP n , and thereby, together with the amino acid composition, to establish the covalent structures of the polymers. The values of DP n were found to be much lower than those deduced from sedimentation equilibrium or form viscosity measurements. These deviations, which also are thought to have arisen in similar studies reported in the literature, are attributable to intermolecular aggregation; the relation of such aggregation to covalent structure (and its effect on the polymerization reaction) is discussed in terms of the conditions and mechanism of synthesis of block copolymers of amino acids.
Mode of action of centchroman at vaginal and ovarian level in immature rats. (1980)

Centchroman studied at various doses did not cause ovulation in immature rats as judged by morphological, histological and biochemical parameters whereas, 20 mg/kh dose caused early opening of vagina and cornification of the vaginal epithelial cells. However, no ovulation was detected by this regimen. No stimulatory effect was observed in the glycogen and cholesterol content in the ovaries of Centchroman treated rats. The effects on vagina persisted even in ovariectomised immature rats administered with Centchroman. The mode of various doses of Centchroman in immature rats as judged morphologically, histologically and biochemically has been discussed.
Photolysis of 5,6-iodo-1,3-dimethyluracil in benzene and in furan (1974)

In contrast to 1,2-di-iodobenzene, photolysis of 5,6-di-iodo-1,3-dimethyluracil in benzene and in furan rapidly gives products derived from a radical intermediate and none derived from the corresponding pyrimidyne. 5-Iodo-1,3-dimethyluracil radical is believed to be the precursor of all the identified products. The scope and mechanism of these photoreactions are discussed.
Hepatic expression and cellular distribution of the glucose transporter family (2012)

Glucose and other carbohydrates are transported into cells using members of a family of integral membrane glucose transporter (GLUT) molecules. To date 14 members of this family, also called the solute carrier 2A proteins have been identified which are divided on the basis of transport characteristics and sequence similarities into several families (Classes 1 to 3). The expression of these different receptor subtypes varies between different species, tissues and cellular subtypes and each has differential sensitivities to stimuli such as insulin. The liver is a contributor to metabolic carbohydrate homeostasis and is a major site for synthesis, storage and redistribution of carbohydrates. Situations in which the balance of glucose homeostasis is upset such as diabetes or the metabolic syndrome can lead metabolic disturbances that drive chronic organ damage and failure, confirming the importance of understanding the molecular regulation of hepatic glucose homeostasis. There is a considerable literature describing the expression and function of receptors that regulate glucose uptake and release by hepatocytes, the most import cells in glucose regulation and glycogen storage. However there is less appreciation of the roles of GLUTs expressed by non parenchymal cell types within the liver, all of which require carbohydrate to function. A better understanding of the detailed cellular distribution of GLUTs in human liver tissue may shed light on mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis. This review summarises the available literature on hepatocellular expression of GLUTs in health and disease and highlights areas where further investigation is required.
EFFECTS OF NEUROTENSIN AND SUBSTANCE P ON PLASMA INSULIN, GLUCAGON AND GLUCOSE LEVELS. (1976)

Neurotensin and substance P given iv 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes prior to blood collection produce hypoinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia and hyperglycemia in the rat. Glucagon similarly produces hyperglycemia in rats but results in hyperinsulinemia. On a molar basis neurotensin is ca. 10 and 30 times more active in inducing hyperglycemia than substance P and glucagon, respectively. The enhanced glucogenic effects of neurotensin and substance P over glucagon may well result from their inhibition of insulin release. Neurotensin and substance P may be important in glucose homeostasis.
Fatal Rhizopus Infections in Hemodialysis Patients Receiving Deferoxamine (1987)

Four hemodialysis patients receiving deferoxamine for metal overload had fatal rhinocerebral rhizopus infections. Serious fungal infections are not commonly seen in patients on dialysis, and none of these patients had the usual risk factors for rhizopus infection. Deferoxamine is being used with increased frequency in dialysis patients for aluminum and iron overload states. We propose that there is a link between the deferoxamine therapy and this unusual infection. Deferoxamine may serve as a specific growth factor for Rhizopus species or may alter host immune function. We suggest searching for fungal organisms in patients with unexplained illnesses receiving deferoxamine.
Roughing up Smoothened: chemical modulators of hedgehog signaling. (2002)

Small-molecule antagonists of Hedgehog-pathway signaling, such as cyclopamine, have been known for some time. Now, small-molecule agonists of the Hedgehog pathway have also been identified. The finding that both antagonists and agonists target the protein Smoothened supports the emerging hypothesis that Smoothened may be regulated by endogenous small molecules.
Laminin supports short‐term survival of rat septal neurons in low‐density, serum‐free cultures (1986)

Septal neurons from embryonic rats do not survive for 24 hr when dissociated and cultured at low density in a serum-free medium. Laminin at 5-40 micrograms/ml acts as a survival-promoting agent in the presence of 1 mM pyruvate. Laminin is effective in promoting survival only if it is added before or during cell plating; it does not support survival if added after cell attachment. Variations in laminin concentration do not effect the total number of cells attaching to the culture plate. The percentage of septal cells with neurites is increased in a dose-dependent manner by laminin as early as 45 min after cell plating, suggesting an effect of laminin on the rate of neurite initiation. Neurite extension at 24 hr is also dependent on laminin concentration. This study suggests that some interaction between cells and the substrate, independent of cell attachment, has a profound effect on cell physiology, increasing both cell survival and the rate of neurite extension. This study also defines the survival requirements of septal neurons in a chemically defined environment in a low-density situation where cellular interactions are at a minimum.
Twist mediates suppression of inflammation by type I IFNs and Axl (2006)

Type I interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. The immunosuppressive actions of type I IFNs are poorly understood, but IFN-mediated suppression of TNFalpha production has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation and contributes to the effectiveness of type I IFNs in the treatment of certain autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated mechanisms by which type I IFNs suppress induction of TNFalpha production by immune complexes, Fc receptors, and Toll-like receptors. Suppression of TNFalpha production was mediated by induction and activation of the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase and downstream induction of Twist transcriptional repressors that bind to E box elements in the TNF promoter and suppress NF-kappaB-dependent transcription. Twist expression was activated by the Axl ligand Gas6 and by protein S and apoptotic cells. These results implicate Twist proteins in regulation of TNFalpha production by antiinflammatory factors and pathways, and provide a mechanism by which type I IFNs and Axl receptors suppress inflammatory cytokine production.
An effective and comprehensive approach for traffic grooming and wavelength assignment in SONET/WDM rings (2000)

In high-speed SONET rings with point-to-point WDM links, the cost of SONET add-drop multiplexers (S-ADMs) can be dominantly high. However, by grooming traffic (i.e., multiplexing lower-rate streams) appropriately and using wavelength ADMs (WADMs), the number of S-ADMs can be dramatically reduced. In this paper, we propose optimal or near-optimal algorithms for traffic grooming and wavelength assignment to reduce both the number of wavelengths and the number of S-ADMs. The algorithms proposed are generic in that they can be applied to both unidirectional and bidirectional rings having an arbitrary number of nodes under both uniform and nonuniform (i.e., arbitrary) traffic with an arbitrary grooming factor. Some lower bounds on the number of wavelengths and S-ADMs required for a given traffic pattern are derived, and used to determine the optimality of the proposed algorithms. Our study shows that using the proposed algorithms, these lower bounds can he closely approached in most cases or even achieved in some cases. In addition, even when using a minimum number of wavelengths, the savings in S-ADMs due to traffic grooming (and the use of WADMs) are significant, especially for large networks.
Desymmetrization Reactions:  Efficient Preparation of Unsymmetrically Substituted Linker Molecules (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTDesymmetrization Reactions: Efficient Preparation of Unsymmetrically Substituted Linker MoleculesAlan W. Schwabacher, James W. Lane, Matthew W. Schiesher, Krista M. Leigh, and Christopher W. JohnsonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 5, 1727–1729Publication Date (Web):February 14, 1998Publication History Received29 September 1997Published online14 February 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo971802ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo971802obrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3545Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Azides,Extraction,Group 15 compounds,Oxides Get e-Alerts
THE BIOLOGY AND ENZYMOLOGY OF EUKARYOTIC PROTEIN ACYLATION (1988)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Wearable Conductive Fiber Sensors for Multi-Axis Human Joint Angle Measurements (2005)

BACKGROUND: The practice of continuous, long-term monitoring of human joint motion is one that finds many applications, especially in the medical and rehabilitation fields. There is a lack of acceptable devices available to perform such measurements in the field in a reliable and non-intrusive way over a long period of time. The purpose of this study was therefore to develop such a wearable joint monitoring sensor capable of continuous, day-to-day monitoring. METHODS: A novel technique of incorporating conductive fibers into flexible, skin-tight fabrics surrounding a joint is developed. Resistance changes across these conductive fibers are measured, and directly related to specific single or multi-axis joint angles through the use of a non-linear predictor after an initial, one-time calibration. Because these sensors are intended for multiple uses, an automated registration algorithm has been devised using a sensitivity template matched to an array of sensors spanning the joints of interest. In this way, a sensor array can be taken off and put back on an individual for multiple uses, with the sensors automatically calibrating themselves each time. RESULTS: The wearable sensors designed are comfortable, and acceptable for long-term wear in everyday settings. Results have shown the feasibility of this type of sensor, with accurate measurements of joint motion for both a single-axis knee joint and a double axis hip joint when compared to a standard goniometer used to measure joint angles. Self-registration of the sensors was found to be possible with only a few simple motions by the patient. CONCLUSION: After preliminary experiments involving a pants sensing garment for lower body monitoring, it has been seen that this methodology is effective for monitoring joint motion of the hip and knee. This design therefore produces a robust, comfortable, truly wearable joint monitoring device.