gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Six-Step Phase Shifting Technique Using Mixed-Polariscope in Digital Photoelasticity (2006)

Photoelasticity is one of the most widely used techniques for experimental stress and strain analysis. With the availability of low cost digital image processing systems, a separate branch of photoelasticity known as digital photoelasticity came into existence providing whole-field values of the isoclinics (θ) and isochromatics (N) in a true sense. Among the several methods available for data acquisition, phase shifting / polarization stepping techniques are most widely used for their simplicity and accuracy. In this paper a new digital photoelastic method based on phase shifting using monochromatic light source is presented. It provides full field values of θ and N. The arrangement is carefully chosen with the intention of reducing the influence of quarter wave mismatch error in the evaluation of θ and N. The methodology is validated for the benchmark problem of a disk under diametral compression.
Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015 (2016)

As part of the epidemiological transition, cancer incidence is expected to increase in the future, further straining limited health care resources. Appropriate allocation of resources for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and curative and palliative care requires detailed knowledge of the local burden of cancer. The GBD 2015 study results demonstrate that progress is possible in the war against cancer. However, the major findings also highlight an unmet need for cancer prevention efforts, including tobacco control, vaccination, and the promotion of physical activity and a healthy diet.
Real‐time Rigid Body Simulation for Haptic Interactions Based on Contact Volume of Polygonal Objects (2004)

Abstract This paper proposes a new method for real‐time rigid body simulations for haptic interactions based on a penalty method regarding contact volume. Analytical methods for calculation of contact forces require too much time to maintain fast update rates for haptic controls. In addition, they prohibit direct connection of haptic interfaces. Penalty methods, which employ spring‐damper models for calculation of contact forces, offer a very rapid rate of iterations. In addition, they permit direct connection of haptic interfaces. Penalty methods are good for haptic interactions. However, previous penalty methods do not regard distribution of contact forces over the contact area. For that reason, they can't calculate normal and friction forces on face‐face contacts correctly. We propose a distributed spring‐damper model on a contact area to solve these problems. We analyze three‐dimensional geometries of the intersecting portion on the polyhedral objects. Then, we integrate forces and torques of distributed spring‐damper models. We implement a proposed simulator and compare it with a point‐based penalty method and constraint method. The comparison shows that the proposed simulator improves accuracy of the simulation of face‐face contact and friction forces and the simulation speed. In addition, we attach a six degree‐of‐freedom (6‐DOF) haptic interface to the simulator. Users can feel 6‐DOF force feedback and input 6‐DOF motions. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.6.5 [Model Development]: Modeling methodologies, H.5.2 [User Interfaces]: Haptic I/O, I.3.6 [Methodology and Techniques]: Interaction techniques
Treatment of a nonresponding port-wine stain with a new pulsed light source (PhotoDerm® VL) (1997)

The new intense pulsed light source Photoderm VL seems to be a promising treatment alternative for the therapy of otherwise nonresponding port-wine stains due to its special technical features.
Danazol for the Treatment of Refractory Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1988)

danazol appears to be a useful adjunctive treatment for refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.
In vivo use of oligonucleotides to inhibit choroidal neovascularisation in the eye (2001)

A sequence corresponding to the 5'UTR of the VEGF gene has provided encouraging results for the treatment of neovascularisation.
The glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor is critical for Ly-6A/E-mediated T cell activation. (1991)

Ly-6E, a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored murine alloantigen that can activate T cells upon antibody cross-linking, has been converted into an integral membrane protein by gene fusion. This fusion product, designated Ly-6EDb, was characterized in transiently transfected COS cells and demonstrated to be an integral cell surface membrane protein. Furthermore, the fusion antigen can be expressed on the surface of the BW5147 class "E" mutant cell line, which only expresses integral membrane proteins but not GPI-anchored proteins. The capability of this fusion antigen to activate T cells was examined by gene transfer studies in D10G4.1, a type 2 T cell helper clones. When transfected into D10 cells, the GPI-anchored Ly-6E antigen, as well as the endogenous GPI-anchored Ly-6A antigen, can initiate T cell activation upon antibody cross-linking. In contrast, the transmembrane anchored Ly-6EDb antigen was unable to mediate T cell activation. Our results demonstrate that the GPI-anchor is critical to Ly-6A/E-mediated T cell activation.
Distinct roles of AKT isoforms in regulating β1-integrin activity, migration, and invasion in prostate cancer (2012)

AKT1 and AKT2 kinases have been shown to play opposite roles in breast cancer migration and invasion. In this study, an RNA interference screen for integrin activity inhibitors identified AKT1 as an inhibitor of β1-integrin activity in prostate cancer. Validation experiments investigating all three AKT isoforms demonstrated that, unlike in breast cancer, both AKT1 and AKT2 function as negative regulators of cell migration and invasion in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Down-regulation of AKT1 and AKT2, but not AKT3, induced activation of cell surface β1-integrins and enhanced adhesion, migration, and invasion. Silencing of AKT1 and AKT2 also resulted in increased focal adhesion size. Importantly, the mechanisms involved in integrin activity regulation were distinct for the two AKT isoforms. Silencing of AKT1 relieved feedback suppression of the expression and activity of several receptor tyrosine kinases, including EGFR and MET, with established cross-talk with β1-integrins. Silencing of AKT2, on the other hand, induced up-regulation of the microRNA-200 (miR-200) family, and overexpression of miR-200 was sufficient to induce integrin activity and cell migration in PC3 cells. Taken together, these data define an inhibitory role for both AKT1 and AKT2 in prostate cancer migration and invasion and highlight the cell type-specific actions of AKT kinases in the regulation of cell motility.
RNA-Mediated Virus Resistance: Role of Repeated Transgenes and Delineation of Targeted Regions (1996)

Titia Sijen, Joan Wellink, Jean-Baptiste Hiriart, Ab van Kammen, RNA-Mediated Virus Resistance: Role of Repeated Transgenes and Delineation of Targeted Regions, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 12 (Dec., 1996), pp. 2277-2294
Polarization anisotropy of the photoluminescence of M-plane (In,Ga)N/GaN multiple quantum wells (2003)

We investigate the polarization anisotropy of the photoluminescence of an M-plane (11̄00) In0.1Ga0.9N/GaN multiple quantum well grown on γ-LiAlO2 (100) by molecular-beam epitaxy. In contrast to C-plane (0001) structures, a strong in-plane optical anisotropy with an energy-dependent polarization degree of up to 96% is observed for this M-plane sample. An apparent spectral shift of the emission with polarization angle is attributed to the impact of exciton localization on the polarization degree. The presence of localized states manifests itself further in the anomalous temperature dependence of the photoluminescence linewidth.
Quebec Civil Law and Canadian Federalism (1996)

Professor Valcke argues that Quebec's civil law tradition has eroded due to the influence of the common law institutions of the rest of the Canadian federation. She begins by providing historical and philosophical background to the civil law tradition. Valcke then argues that the law and legal method used in contemporary Quebec barely resemble the "pure" civil law tradition. First, the constitutional powers of the federal legislature have been interpreted broadly to encroach upon matters that would otherwise fall within the jurisdiction of the provinces. Quebec has been disproportionately affected because its legal system was originally the most distinct within the federation. Second, federal control over aspects of the provincial court system, and the adjudication of civil law matters by judges with inadequate backgrounds in civil law and often little concern for the preservation of Quebec's distinct legal identity have further weakened Quebec's civil law tradition. Finally, Valcke argues that the trend toward including the reasons for judicial decisions in Quebec's court opinions - ironically in an attempt to rescue the civil legal tradition from an unhealthy literalism - has caused those opinions to approximate common law opinions. At the same time, Valcke believes that internal factors have also contributed to the erosion of Quebec's civil law tradition, and she defers any consideration of a remedy for Quebec's situation until after those other issues have been examined.
Steroid Hormone Agonists and Antagonists in the Treatment of Cancer (1992)

(1992). Steroid Hormone Agonists and Antagonists in the Treatment of Cancer. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 27-41.
Smarter Libraries through Technology: Mobile heads into the Mainstream for Libraries (2011)

The effects of bitter cardamon (the fruit of Alpinia oxphylla), used as a medicine and a condiment, on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats were examined. The acetone extract at 50 mg/kg, p.o. significantly inhibited gastric lesions by 57.0%. An analysis of the active constituents in the acetone extract was performed using column chromatography. Nootkatone at 20 mg/kg, p.o. significantly inhibited gastric lesion. These results suggest that nootkatone, the sesquiterpenoid is an important constituent in stomach medications containing bitter cardamon.
Synthesis and Surface Functionalization of Aliphatic Polyether Dendrons (2000)

The convergent synthesis and surface modification of a novel family of aliphatic polyether dendrons is described. The synthesis utilizes methallyl dichloride as the monomeric building block along with peripheral benzyl ether and ketal protected hydroxy functionalities. The allylic nature of the electrophilic moieties of methallyl dichloride facilitates their nucleophilic displacement by 2 equiv of the appropriate terminal alcohol group. Having served its activating function during the coupling step, the alkene focal point can then be efficiently transformed into a primary alcohol via hydroboration−oxidation leading to a nucleophile that may then be coupled again to additional monomer. Repetition of these coupling and activation steps affords higher generation dendrons. Taking advantage of the versatility of the convergent approach and the rugged nature of the aliphatic ether building blocks, dendrimers with tailored solubility properties and well-defined unsymmetrical surfaces can be obtained.
Statistical analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems using differential geometric sampling methods (2011)

Mechanistic models based on systems of nonlinear differential equations can help provide a quantitative understanding of complex physical or biological phenomena. The use of such models to describe nonlinear interactions in molecular biology has a long history; however, it is only recently that advances in computing have allowed these models to be set within a statistical framework, further increasing their usefulness and binding modelling and experimental approaches more tightly together. A probabilistic approach to modelling allows us to quantify uncertainty in both the model parameters and the model predictions, as well as in the model hypotheses themselves. In this paper, the Bayesian approach to statistical inference is adopted and we examine the significant challenges that arise when performing inference over nonlinear ordinary differential equation models describing cell signalling pathways and enzymatic circadian control; in particular, we address the difficulties arising owing to strong nonlinear correlation structures, high dimensionality and non-identifiability of parameters. We demonstrate how recently introduced differential geometric Markov chain Monte Carlo methodology alleviates many of these issues by making proposals based on local sensitivity information, which ultimately allows us to perform effective statistical analysis. Along the way, we highlight the deep link between the sensitivity analysis of such dynamic system models and the underlying Riemannian geometry of the induced posterior probability distributions.
Inhibition of Mammary Carcinogenesis Treadmill Exercise (1995)

Journal Article Inhibition of Mammary Carcinogenesis Treadmill Exercise Get access Henry J. Thompson, Henry J. Thompson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kim C. Westerlind, Kim C. Westerlind Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jack R. Snedden, Jack R. Snedden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stephanie Briggs, Stephanie Briggs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Meenakshi Singh Meenakshi Singh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 6, 15 March 1995, Pages 453–455, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.6.453 Published: 15 March 1995 Article history Received: 21 September 1994 Revision received: 14 December 1994 Accepted: 01 January 1995 Published: 15 March 1995
Comparison Study of Gold Nanohexapods, Nanorods, and Nanocages for Photothermal Cancer Treatment (2013)

Gold nanohexapods represent a novel class of optically tunable nanostructures consisting of an octahedral core and six arms grown on its vertices. By controlling the length of the arms, their localized surface plasmon resonance peaks could be tuned from the visible to the near-infrared region for deep penetration of light into soft tissues. Herein we compare the in vitro and in vivo capabilities of Au nanohexapods as photothermal transducers for theranostic applications by benchmarking against those of Au nanorods and nanocages. While all these Au nanostructures could absorb and convert near-infrared light into heat, Au nanohexapods exhibited the highest cellular uptake and the lowest cytotoxicity in vitro for both the as-prepared and PEGylated nanostructures. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that the PEGylated Au nanohexapods had significant blood circulation and tumor accumulation in a mouse breast cancer model. Following photothermal treatment, substantial heat was produced in situ and the tumor metabolism was greatly reduced for all these Au nanostructures, as determined with (18)F-flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT). Combined together, we can conclude that Au nanohexapods are promising candidates for cancer theranostics in terms of both photothermal destruction and contrast-enhanced diagnosis.
Senile plaques do not induce susceptibility effects in T2*‐weighted MR microscopic images (2002)

Abstract Senile plaques are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. They typically range from 16 to 150 µm in size with most less than 25 µm. Mechanisms by which they might affect MR contrast and thus be made visible in this imaging modality are still unknown. Plausibility studies suggested that they might have a different magnetic susceptibility than surrounding tissue. A large difference would cause the plaque and a relatively large volume of adjacent tissue to be hypo‐intense in T 2 *‐weighted MRI scans, thus causing them to appear larger than their actual sizes and perhaps visible even when their size is below the nominal resolution limit of the imaging experiment. To evaluate this hypothesis, formalin‐fixed superior temporal gyrus samples obtained from two Alzheimer's disease and two control subjects were imaged using magnetic resonance microscopy at 11.7 T. Three dimensional T 2 *‐weighted gradient echo images were recorded with an isotropic resolution of 23.4 µm. The imaging protocol was especially sensitive to susceptibility effects. Samples were then stained for amyloid and/or iron deposits. Hypo‐ and hyper‐intense structures were clearly visible in MR images from all samples. Hyper‐intense structures reflected fixative penetration within the vascular system. Almost all the hypo‐intense structures were blood vessels. Their hypo‐intense profile was probably caused by iron deposits associated with the cell aggregates that they contained. Only one hypo‐intense spot could be matched with a plaque and this was one of the largest plaques in our samples. The remainder of the several hundred plaques were not visible in MR images. In histological slices the senile plaques were often larger than small blood vessels that were visible in the MR images. This suggests that susceptibility effects are not associated with senile plaques and do not provide a mechanism to differentiate them from surrounding tissue. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Experimentally guided computational antibody affinity maturation with de novo docking, modelling and rational design (2019)

Antibodies are an important class of therapeutics that have significant clinical impact for the treatment of severe diseases. Computational tools to support antibody drug discovery have been developing at an increasing rate over the last decade and typically rely upon a predetermined co-crystal structure of the antibody bound to the antigen for structural predictions. Here, we show an example of successful in silico affinity maturation of a hybridoma derived antibody, AB1, using just a homology model of the antibody fragment variable region and a protein-protein docking model of the AB1 antibody bound to the antigen, murine CCL20 (muCCL20). In silico affinity maturation, together with alanine scanning, has allowed us to fine-tune the protein-protein docking model to subsequently enable the identification of two single-point mutations that increase the affinity of AB1 for muCCL20. To our knowledge, this is one of the first examples of the use of homology modelling and protein docking for affinity maturation and represents an approach that can be widely deployed.
Hypoxia regulatory elements of the human vascular endothelial growth factor gene. (1994)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is highly stimulated by hypoxia, both in vitro and in vivo. Recent findings suggest that the VEGF gene utilizes an oxygen sensing mechanism similar to the one used by the erythropoietin gene. The genomic sequences that control the VEGF response to hypoxia are, however, largely unknown. In utilizing transient transfection assays in HeLa cells we determined that hypoxia/cobalt responsive enhancer elements are present at the 5' and 3' flanking regions of the human VEGF gene. The 3' enhancer is contained in a 160 bp fragment located about 60 bp downstream of the polyadenylation site. It contains a sequence stretch of about 12 bp which are highly homologous to sequences in the erythropoietin hypoxia-responsive enhancer. The 5' flanking enhancer is contained in a 100 bp fragment located about 800 bp upstream of the start site. This fragment does not contain significant homologies with the erythropoietin enhancer. Thus, it appears that the response to hypoxia of the VEGF gene is controlled by two regulatory elements; one which may be related to the erythropoietin enhancer and a second, which appears to be a completely unrelated sequence.
Distributed systems meet economics: pricing in the cloud (2010)

Cloud computing allows users to perform computation in a public cloud with a pricing scheme typically based on incurred resource consumption. While cloud comput-ing is often considered as merely a new application for classic distributed systems, we argue that, by decoupling users from cloud providers with a pricing scheme as the bridge, cloud computing has fundamentally changed the landscape of system design and optimization. Our pre-liminary studies on Amazon EC2 cloud service and on a local cloud computing testbed, have revealed an interest-ing interplay between distributed systems and economics related to pricing. We believe that this new angle of look-ing at distributed systems potentially fosters new insights into cloud computing. 1
Rapid Microwave-Assisted Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (2002)

A microwave-assisted, rapid solid phase peptide synthesis procedure is presented. It has been applied to the coupling of sterically hindered Fmoc-protected amino acids yielding di- and tripeptides. Optimized conditions for a variety of coupling reagents are reported. Peptides were obtained rapidly (1.5-20 min) and without racemization.
Static detection of dynamic memory errors (1996)

Many important classes of bugs result from invalid assumptions about the results of functions and the values of parameters and global variables. Using traditional methods, these bugs cannot be detected efficiently at compile-time, since detailed cross-procedural analyses would be required to determine the relevant assumptions. In this work, we introduce annotations to make certain assumptions explicit at interface points. An efficient static checking tool that exploits these annotations can detect a broad class of errors including misuses of null pointers, uses of dead storage, memory leaks, and dangerous aliasing. This technique has been used successfully to fix memory management problems in a large program.
From normal fear to pathological anxiety. (1998)

In this article the authors address how pathological anxiety may develop from adaptive fear states. Fear responses (e.g., freezing, startle, heart rate and blood pressure changes, and increased vigilance) are functionally adaptive behavioral and perceptual responses elicited during danger to facilitate appropriate defensive responses that can reduce danger or injury (e.g., escape and avoidance). Fear is a central motive state of action tendencies subserved by fear circuits, with the amygdala playing a central role. Pathological anxiety is conceptualized as an exaggerated fear state in which hyperexcitability of fear circuits that include the amygdala and extended amygdala (i.e., bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) is expressed as hypervigilance and increased behavioral responsivity to fearful stimuli. Reduced thresholds for activation and hyperexcitability in fear circuits develop through sensitization- or kindling-like processes that involve neuropeptides, hormones, and other proteins. Hyperexcitability in fear circuits is expressed as pathological anxiety that is manifested in the various anxiety disorders.
Entropy-constrained design of quadrate video coding schemes (1997)

The variable length code design of a complete quadtree-based video codec is addressed, in which we jointly optimize the entropy-coding for the parameters of motion-compensated prediction together with the residual coding. The quadtree coding scheme selected for this optimization allows easy access to the rate-distortion costs, thus making it possible to perform rate-distortion optimized bit allocation without exhaustive computation. Throughout the paper, we view the quadtree coder as a special case of tree-structured entropy-constrained vector quantization and derive a design algorithm which iteratively descends to a (locally) optimal quadtree video codec. Experimental results evaluate the performance of the proposed design algorithm.