gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering of human hepatic tissue with functional vascular networks (2014)

Although absolute organ shortage highlights the needs of alternative organ sources for regenerative medicine, the generation of a three-dimensional (3D) and complex vital organ, such as well-vascularized liver, remains a challenge. To this end, tissue engineering holds great promise; however, this approach is significantly limited by the failure of early vascularization in vivo after implantation. Here, we established a stable 3D in vitro pre-vascularization platform to generate human hepatic tissue after implantation in vivo. Human fetal liver cells (hFLCs) were mixed with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and were implanted into a collagen/fibronectin matrix composite that was used as a 3-D carrier. After a couple of days, the fluorescent HUVECs developed premature vascular networks in vitro, which were stabilized by hMSCs. The establishment of functional vessels inside the pre-vascularized constructs was proven using dextran infusion studies after implantation under a transparency cranial window. Furthermore, dynamic morphological changes during embryonic liver cell maturation were intravitaly quantified with high-resolution confocal microscope analysis. The engineered human hepatic tissue demonstrated multiple liver-specific features, both structural and functional. Our new techniques discussed here can be implemented in future clinical uses and industrial uses, such as drug testing.
Purification, characterization, and localization of subunit interaction area of recombinant mouse ribonucleotide reductase R1 subunit. (1994)

Mammalian ribonucleotide reductase is a heterotetramer formed by the two non-identical homodimers proteins R1 and R2. We have succeeded in expressing the 90-kDa mouse R1 protein in Escherichia coli in an active, soluble form using the T7 RNA polymerase pET vector system. To avoid inclusion bodies, the bacteria were grown at 15 degrees C with minimal concentration of the inducer isopropyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside. After a rapid purification procedure, approximately 20 mg of pure R1 protein were obtained per liter of bacterial culture. The concentrated R1 protein solution had a pinkish red color. Spectroscopy in combination with iron and labile sulfur analyses demonstrated that the color originated from an iron-sulfur complex. However, all attempts to demonstrate a function of this complex have been inconclusive. A comparison of the recombinant R1 protein with the corresponding protein purified from calf thymus showed no evidence for glycosylation. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated an alpha-helical content of 50%. A flexible COOH-terminal tail of 7 residues in the R2 protein was earlier shown to be essential for binding to the R1 protein. Using a peptide protection assay and photoaffinity labeling, we now show that the R2 protein tail interacts with a region close to the carboxyl terminus of the R1 protein.
McKibben artificial muscles: pneumatic actuators with biomechanical intelligence (1999)

Reports on the design of a biorobotic actuator. Biological requirements are developed from published reports in the muscle physiology literature whose parameters are extracted and applied in the form of the Hill muscle model. Data from several vertebrate species (rat, frog, cat, and human) are used to evaluate the performance of a McKibben pneumatic actuator. The experimental results show the force-length properties of the actuator are muscle-like, but the force-velocity properties are not. The design of a hydraulic damper with fixed orifices, placed in parallel with the McKibben actuator, is proposed to improve the force-velocity performance. Simulation results of this practical design indicate a significant improvement.
Synthesis of (‐)‐Noviose from 2,3‐O‐Isopropylidene‐D‐erythronolactol. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Putative tyrosine kinases expressed in K-562 human leukemia cells. (1990)

Tyrosine phosphorylation is important in the transmission of growth and differentiation signals; known tyrosine kinases include several oncoproteins and growth factor receptors. Interestingly, some differentiated cell types, such as erythrocytes and platelets contain high amounts of phosphotyrosine. We analyzed tyrosine kinases expressed in the K-562 chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, which has a bipotential erythroid and megakaryoblastoid differentiation capacity. Analysis of 359 polymerase chain reaction-amplified cDNA clones led to the identification of 14 different tyrosine kinase-related sequences (JTK1-14). Two of the clones (JTK2 and JTK4) represent unusual members of the fibroblast growth factor receptor gene family, and the clones JTK5, JTK11, and JTK14 may also belong to the family of receptor tyrosine kinases but lack a close relationship to any known tyrosine kinase. Each of these different genes has its own characteristic expression pattern in K-562 cells and several other human tumor cell lines. In addition, the JTK11 and JTK14 mRNAs are induced during the megakaryoblastoid differentiation of K-562 cells. These tyrosine kinases may have a role in the differentiation of megakaryoblasts or in the physiology of platelets.
Quantum Simulated Annealing (2007)

We develop a quantum algorithm to solve combinatorial optimization problems through quantum simulation of a classical annealing process. Our algorithm combines techniques from quantum walks, quantum phase estimation, and quantum Zeno effect. It can be viewed as a quantum analogue of the discrete-time Markov chain Monte Carlo implementation of classical simulated annealing. Our implementation scales with the inverse of the square root of the minimum spectral gap of the stochastic matrix used in the classical simulation. The quantum algorithm outperforms the classical one, which scales with the inverse of the gap.
Fiber to the home: the technology behind Heathrow (1990)

In July 1989, Southern Bell began deploying a fiber access system capable of carrying 54 cable television (CATV) channels, as well as plain old telephone service (POTS) and integrated services digital network (ISDN) services in Heathrow, Florida. Four areas that must be addressed before these services can be successfully deployed in volume are discussed. They are integrating narrowband and broadband services on the same fiber, choosing a fiber architecture, designing the optical-network interface for multiple services, and designing a centralized digital video-selector switch.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CaMKIIα 3′ Untranslated Region-Directed mRNA Translocation in Living Neurons: Visualization by GFP Linkage (2000)

The CaMKIIalpha mRNA extends into distal hippocampal dendrites, and the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) is sufficient to mediate this localization. We labeled the 3'UTR of the CaMKIIalpha mRNA in hippocampal cultures by using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)/MS2 bacteriophage tagging system. The CaMKIIalpha 3'UTR formed discrete granules throughout the dendrites of transfected cells. The identity of the fluorescent granules was verified by in situ hybridization. Over 30 min time periods these granules redistributed without a net increase in granule number; with depolarization there is a tendency toward increased numbers of granules in the dendrites. These observations suggest that finer time resolution of granule motility might reveal changes in the motility characteristics of granules after depolarization. So that motile granules could be tracked, shorter periods of observation were required. The movements of motile granules can be categorized as oscillatory, unidirectional anterograde, or unidirectional retrograde. Colocalization of CaMKIIalpha 3'UTR granules and synapses suggested that oscillatory movements allowed the granules to sample several local synapses. Neuronal depolarization increased the number of granules in the anterograde motile pool. Based on the time frame over which the granule number increased, the translocation of granules may serve to prepare the dendrite for mounting an adequate local translation response to future stimuli. Although the resident pool of granules can respond to signals that induce local translation, the number of granules in a dendrite might reflect its activation history.
Photodynamic therapy of orthotopic prostate cancer with benzoporphyrin derivative: local control and distant metastasis. (1998)

This is the first report of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in an orthotopic prostate tumor model and shows that PDT combined with surgery (tumor bed sterilization) gave significant local control of the primary tumor and significant reduction in distant metastases. By contrast, either treatment alone (surgery or PDT) gave relatively poorer local control, and PDT gave a significant increase in the mean number of lung metastases. The MatLyLu variant of the Dunning 3327 rat prostate cancer cell line, which has been selected to be metastatic to lymph nodes and lungs, was injected into the ventral lobe of the rat prostate. After 7 days, tumors were either treated by surgical removal of the ventral lobe, PDT with liposomal benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A, or a combination of surgery, followed by PDT of the tumor bed. Results after 21 days showed a reduction in prostate tumor weight in all groups compared with controls, which became highly significant only for the combination group (17% of control mean tumor weight; P < 0.001; 7 of 13 clinical complete responses). The combination treatment also led to a reduction in lymph node metastasis and reductions in both the frequency and mean number of lung metastases compared with other treatment groups. The PDT-alone group, however, had a mean number of lung metastases per animal, which was nine times the control group and 34 times the combination group. These findings suggest that a tumor bed sterilization approach may be promising for locally advanced prostate cancer and suggest that factors other than local control may need to be evaluated when considering PDT for primary prostate cancer.
Testican, a multidomain testicular proteoglycan resembling modulators of cell social behaviour (1993)

The molecular characterization of a human testicular proteoglycan, the progenitor of a seminal plasma glycosaminoglycan-bearing peptide, was achieved by cDNA cloning. Its protein core encompasses several domains encountered in various proteins associated with adhesion, migration and cell proliferation. An osteonectin-like domain, a Kazal-like sequence and a 46-amino-acid motif around a Cys-Trp-Cys-Val peptide encountered in cell-surface antigens, cell-adhesion molecules and growth-factor-binding proteins are distributed within the testican protein core. Testican is the progenitor of the unique heparan/chondroitin-sulfate-bearing peptide present in human seminal plasma, a feature which might confer additional potentialities to this hybrid proteoglycan.
A Borna Virus cDNA Encoding a Protein Recognized by Antibodies in Humans with Behavioral Diseases (1990)

Borna disease virus (BDV) causes a rare neurological disease in horses and sheep. The virus has not been classified because neither an infectious particle nor a specific nucleic acid had been identified. To identify the genome of BDV, a subtractive complementary DNA expression library was constructed with polyadenylate-selected RNA from a BDV-infected MDCK cell line. A clone (B8) was isolated that specifically hybridized to RNA isolated from BDV-infected brain tissue and BDV-infected cell lines. This clone hybridized to four BDV-specific positive strand RNAs (10.5, 3.6, 2.1, and 0.85 kilobases) and one negative strand RNA (10.5 kilobases) in BDV-infected rat brain. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the clone suggested that it represented a full-length messenger RNA which contained several open reading frames. In vitro transcription and translation of the clone resulted in the synthesis of the 14- and 24-kilodalton BDV-specific proteins. The 24-kilodalton protein, when translated in vitro from the clone, was recognized by antibodies in the sera of patients (three of seven) with behavioral disorders. This BDV-specific clone will provide the means to isolate the other BDV-specific nucleic acids and to identify the virus responsible for Borna disease. In addition, the significance of BDV or a BDV-related virus as a human pathogen can now be more directly examined.
Measuring quantum efficiency and background absorption of an Ytterbium-doped ZBLAN fiber (2018)

Laser-induced temperature modulation spectrum (LITMoS) test is performed for an Ytterbium-doped ZBLAN fiber. The quantum efficiency and the background absorption are extracted from the cooling efficiency curve of the LITMoS test.
Appearance-based gaze block estimation via CNN classification (2017)

Appearance-based gaze estimation methods have received increasing attention in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI). These methods tried to estimate the accurate gaze point via Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, but the estimated accuracy can't reach the requirement of gaze-based HCI when the regression model is used in the output layer of CNN. Given the popularity of button-touch-based interaction, we propose an appearance-based gaze block estimation method, which aims to estimate the gaze block, not the gaze point. In the proposed method, we relax the estimation from point to block, so that the gaze block can be estimated by CNN-based classification instead of the previous regression model. We divide the screen into square blocks to imitate the button-touch interface, and build an eye-image dataset, which contains the eye images labelled by their corresponding gaze blocks on the screen. We train the CNN model according to this dataset to estimate the gaze block by classifying the eye images. The experiments on 6- and 54-block classifications demonstrate that the proposed method has high accuracy in gaze block estimation without any calibration, and it is promising in button-touch-based interaction.
Expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from human pancreatic tumors (2016)

TIL expanded from pancreatic tumors are functional and able to respond to pancreatic tumor associated antigens. PD-1 blockade, 41BB stimulation, and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell enrichment are effective strategies to improve TIL yield and tumor reactivity. These results support the development of adoptive cell therapy strategies using TIL for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Activation of C5 by cobra venom factor is required in neutrophil-mediated lung injury in the rat. (1987)

Cobra venom factor (CVF)-induced systemic activation of the complement system in the rat has been shown to result in the development of acute lung microvascular injury and appearance in lungs and plasma of lipid peroxidation products. The pathogenesis of these events is dependent on complement and neutrophils and is sensitive to pretreatment of experimental animals with iron chelators or scavengers of hydroxyl radical. In order to further analyze the role of complement in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury in rats after systemic complement activation, two different CVFs have been employed in the present study. One was the previously used CVFn isolated from Naja n. naja venom, whereas the other factor, CVFh, was isolated from Naja h. haje venom. Both factors have been shown to activate the alternative complement pathway by forming a potent C3 convertase but differ with respect to their ability to bind and activate C5. CVFn but not CVFh activates C5 and distant complement components. When equal doses of C3-activating activity of CVFn or CVFh were injected intravenously into rats, CVFh-treated rats failed to develop acute lung injury, whereas CVFn-treated animals showed pronounced increases in lung vascular permeability. Similarly, in isolated blood perfused rat lungs neither the lung injury nor pulmonary hypertension caused by CVFn were found after injection of CVFh. In addition, CVFh-treated animals failed to show transient neutropenia or appearance in plasma of C5-derived chemotactic activity, although the extent of C3 conversion in vivo was identical to that seen in CVFn-treated rats. Morphologic examination of the lungs of the experimental animals revealed no signs of injury in CVFh-treated rats, whereas the lungs from CVFn-treated animals revealed interstitial and alveolar edema, as well as plugging of pulmonary capillaries with neutrophils, blebbing and/or destruction of vascular endothelial cells, fibrin deposition, and hemorrhage. These studies provide evidence that activation of the complement system involving C3 but not extending further in the complement sequence is not sufficient to bring about acute injury of the lung microvasculature and that the activation sequence must at least also involve C5.
Influence of lovastatin plus gemfibrozil on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. (1989)

We investigated the hypocholesterolemic effects of lovastatin alone and in combination with gemfibrozil on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in 12 adult patients with well-characterized heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Plasma concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased from 321 +/- 14 mg/dl on diet only to 207 +/- 8 mg/dl (-35.5%) on single-drug therapy with lovastatin at a dose of 40 mg twice daily, whereas triglyceride concentrations fell by 27.6% (from 145 +/- 20 to 105 +/- 20 mg/dl). Subsequent addition of gemfibrozil at a dose of 600 mg twice daily resulted in a nonsignificant further reduction in LDL cholesterol to 194 +/- 7 mg/dl (-39.6% change from baseline), whereas triglycerides decreased to 80 mg/dl (-44.8%, p less than 0.05 vs. single-drug therapy with lovastatin). Plasma concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) increased slightly during lovastatin and combined drug therapy (from 45 +/- 4 mg/dl at baseline to 46 +/- 4 mg/dl on lovastatin to 48 +/- 4 mg/dl on lovastatin plus gemfibrozil). The response to combination drug therapy in individual patients was heterogeneous and clinically significant decreases in LDL cholesterol concentrations were noted in two of the 12 patients, whereas in three patients LDL cholesterol concentrations increased on the combined drug regimen. One patient developed an asymptomatic increase in creatine kinase on monotherapy with lovastatin and a more pronounced and symptomatic increase during combination drug therapy with lovastatin plus gemfibrozil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optimal capacity placement for path restoration in mesh survivable networks (2002)

The total capacity required by a transport network to satisfy demand and protect it from failures contributes significantly to its cost. Previously the spare capacity of a network with a given set of working span sizes has been optimized to facilitate span restoration. Path restorable networks can, however, be even more efficient by defining the restoration problem from an end to end re-routing viewpoint. We now provide a method for capacity optimization of path restorable networks and quantify the capacity benefits of path over span restoration. The further benefits of jointly optimizing working path routing and spare capacity placement in path restorable networks is also quantified by extending the capacity optimization method presented.
THE STABILITY OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL HORMONESIN VITRO121 (1958)

The spontaneous decomposition of synthetic and natural neurohypophysial hormones in aqueous buffer solutions over a pH range of 3.0–8.5 at room temperature has been studied. Maximal stability for crude, highly purified and synthetic arginine vasopressin preparations was found at pH 3.0, 5.0 and 8.5. The decay proceeded most rapidly at pH 7.5 in phosphate buffer. The stability of arginine vasopressin at pH 7.5 was higher in diethylbarbiturate than phosphate buffer solution. Crude synthetic lysine vasopressin with low initial activity was most stable at pH 3 and 5. It was found to undergo less decomposition in phosphate buffer than the arginine congener. The highly purified and synthetic arginine vasopressin preparations underwent decomposition more rapidly than crude posterior pituitary extracts. The ratios of the antidiuretic, vasopressor and milk-ejection potencies of arginine vasopressin remained constant although the potencies of the solutions fell. The velocity of decomposition of crude natural and hi...
The Cellular Bromodomain Protein Brd4 has Multiple Functions in E2-Mediated Papillomavirus Transcription Activation (2014)

The cellular bromodomain protein Brd4 functions in multiple processes of the papillomavirus life cycle, including viral replication, genome maintenance, and gene transcription through its interaction with the viral protein, E2. However, the mechanisms by which E2 and Brd4 activate viral transcription are still not completely understood. In this study, we show that recruitment of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), a functional interaction partner of Brd4 in transcription activation, is important for E2's transcription activation activity. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses demonstrate that P-TEFb is recruited to the actual papillomavirus episomes. We also show that E2's interaction with cellular chromatin through Brd4 correlates with its papillomavirus transcription activation function since JQ1(+), a bromodomain inhibitor that efficiently dissociates E2-Brd4 complexes from chromatin, potently reduces papillomavirus transcription. Our study identifies a specific function of Brd4 in papillomavirus gene transcription and highlights the potential use of bromodomain inhibitors as a method to disrupt the human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle.
Synergistic enhancement of bone formation and healing by stem cell–expressed VEGF and bone morphogenetic protein-4 (2002)

We investigated the interaction between angiogenic and osteogenic factors in bone formation and bone healing with ex vivo gene therapy using muscle-derived stem cells genetically engineered to express human bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4), VEGF, or VEGF-specific antagonist (soluble Flt1). Our results show that although VEGF alone did not improve bone regeneration, it acted synergistically with BMP4 to increase recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells, to enhance cell survival, and to augment cartilage formation in the early stages of endochondral bone formation. These early effects, coupled with accelerated cartilage resorption, eventually led to a significant enhancement of bone formation and bone healing. The beneficial effect of VEGF on bone healing elicited by BMP4 depends critically on the ratio of VEGF to BMP4, with an improper ratio leading to detrimental effects on bone healing. Finally, we show that soluble Flt1 inhibits bone formation elicited by BMP4. Thus, VEGF plays an important role in bone formation elicited by BMP4, and it can significantly enhance BMP4-elicited bone formation and regeneration through multiple mechanisms. This study has important implications for the formulation of new strategies to improve bone healing through increasing mesenchymal stem cell recruitment and survival, in combination with muscle-derived stem cell-based gene therapy.