gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Donne del giornalismo italiano da Eleonora Fonseca Pimentel a Ilaria Alpi. Dizionario storico bio-bibliografico. Secoli XVIII-XX, (2004)

Il saggio introduttivo illustra il disegno generale tracciato dall'attività giornalistica delle donne in Italia dalle origini ai nostri giorni, e consente al lettore una visione d’insieme ed una valutazione storica nel contesto più generale della storia del giornalismo, non solo nel contesto della storia dell'emancipazione femminile. Attraverso la sintetica sequenza di biografie individuali, si viene ad affrontare il tema della scrittura come capacità, talento, mestiere. La polemica sulla possibilità di dar vita a iniziative che affidassero alle donne autonomia in questo campo di lavoro, nel quale è evidente che si ha a che fare con una attività professionale, che per alcune può significare attività editoriale vera e propria, è in atto fin dalla metà dell’Ottocento e nel Novecento. Ma nonostante l’opposizione all’ingresso delle donne nell’attività tipografica non mancano numerosi esempi di giornaliste fin dall’epoca delle Repubbliche giacobine. Lo spazio pubblico occupato dai loro giornali e dalla loro attività editoriale, mette uomini e donne in condizione di elaborare comparazioni, sia pure lette dagli avversari dell’uguaglianza tra i sessi come forme di rivalità delle donne nei confronti degli uomini. Sarà soprattutto il periodo postunitario, e ancor più il Novecento, a vedere il sempre maggiore coinvolgimento delle donne nel giornalismo. Numerosissime le biografie delle giornaliste contemporanee analizzate nel saggio introduttivo al volume, che costituisce il primo Dizionario storico bio-bibliografico delle giornaliste pubblicato in Italia.
Complexes of Organolithium Compounds with Vacant Orbital Acceptors (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplexes of Organolithium Compounds with Vacant Orbital AcceptorsRichard. Waack and Mary A. DoranCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 18, 2861–2863Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00901a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00901a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oral folate enhances endothelial function in hyperhomocysteinaemic subjects (1999)

High dose folic acid supplementation enhances endothelium-dependent vascular function and lowers plasma Hcy. This provides preliminary evidence that folate may have beneficial cardiovascular effects in adults with mild hyperhomocysteinaemia.
Mouse cone arrestin gene characterization: promoter targets expression to cone photoreceptors (2002)

Cone arrestin (CAR) is a novel member of the arrestin superfamily expressed in retinal cone photoreceptors and the pineal gland. To understand the regulatory mechanisms controlling its cone- and pineal-specific expression, and to facilitate further functional studies using gene knockout approaches, we characterized the genomic organization and the 5'-flanking region of the mouse CAR (mCAR) gene. The mCAR gene is comprised of 17 exons and 16 introns, encoding five alternatively spliced transcripts. A 215-bp proximal promoter fragment containing a TATA box, an Sp1 site and four cone-rod homeobox-binding sites is sufficient to direct expression in cultured retinoblastoma cells and in cone photoreceptors and the pineal gland in transgenic Xenopus laevis.
Site-Specific Traceless Coupling of Potent Cytotoxic Drugs to Recombinant Antibodies for Pharmacodelivery (2012)

Aldehyde drugs are gaining increasing research interest, considering that aldehyde dehydrogenases overexpression is characteristic of cancer stem cells. Here, we describe the traceless site-specific coupling of a novel potent drug, containing an aldehyde moiety, to recombinant antibodies, which were engineered to display a cysteine residue at their N-terminus, or a 1,2-aminothiol at their C-terminus. The resulting chemically defined antibody-drug conjugates represent the first example in which a thiazolidine linkage is used for the targeted delivery and release of cytotoxic agents.
Acute anterior cruciate ligament injury and repair reinforced with a biodegradable intraarticular ligament (1982)

The anterior cruciate ligament was transected at the femoral origin in the knee joint of 12 dogs. The ligaments were repaired in a conventional manner and reinforced with a polyglycolic acid (PGA) ligament of braided Dexon (Davis & Geck, Pearl River, NJ) suture. At two weeks the PGA ligament was still providing excellent support for the healing anterior cruciate ligament, and there was no synovitis within the knee joint. After five weeks, initial healing had firmly attached the repaired anterior cruciate ligament to the femoral condyle, and the PGA ligament had resorbed without inflammatory or fibrotic response. All repaired and reinforced ligaments in this series healed and provided functional stability to the knee joints. Biomechanical testing of the repaired anterior cruciate ligaments at four months produced a maximum strength of 54.2 +/- 6.3 kgf. Sulfur-35 uptake showed viable active collagen-producing cells in the repaired ligaments four months postoperatively. Thus, the biodegradable PGA ligament reinforced and splinted successfully the repaired anterior cruciate ligament.
Design, Synthesis, and Preclinical Characterization of Selective Factor D Inhibitors Targeting the Alternative Complement Pathway (2019)

Complement factor D (FD), a highly specific S1 serine protease, plays a central role in the amplification of the alternative complement pathway (AP) of the innate immune system. Dysregulation of AP activity predisposes individuals to diverse disorders such as age-related macular degeneration, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Previously, we have reported the screening efforts and identification of reversible benzylamine-based FD inhibitors (1 and 2) binding to the open active conformation of FD. In continuation of our drug discovery program, we designed compounds applying structure-based approaches to improve interactions with FD and gain selectivity against S1 serine proteases. We report herein the design, synthesis, and medicinal chemistry optimization of the benzylamine series culminating in the discovery of 12, an orally bioavailable and selective FD inhibitor. 12 demonstrated systemic suppression of AP activation in a lipopolysaccharide-induced AP activation model as well as local ocular suppression in intravitreal injection-induced AP activation model in mice expressing human FD.
Glycosylation of Homologous Immunodominant Proteins of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia canis (2000)

The glycoprotein genes of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (1,644 bp) and Ehrlichia canis (2,064 bp) encode proteins of 548 to 688 amino acids with predicted molecular masses of only 61 and 73 kDa but with electrophoretic mobilities of 120 kDa (P120) and 140 kDa (P140), respectively. The 120-kDa protein gene of E. chaffeensis contains four identical 240-bp tandem repeat units, and the 140-kDa protein gene of E. canis has 14 nearly identical, tandemly arranged 108-bp repeat units. Conserved serine-rich motifs identified in the repeat units of P120 and P140 were also found in the repeat units of the human granulocytotropic ehrlichiosis agent 130-kDa protein and of the fimbria-associated adhesin protein Fap1 of Streptococcus parasanguis. Nearly the entire (99%) E. chaffeensis P120 gene (1,616 bp), the 14-repeat region (78%) of the E. canis P140 gene (1,620 bp), and a 2-repeat region from the E. chaffeensis P120 gene (520 bp) were expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant proteins exhibited molecular masses ranging from 1.6 to 2 times larger than those predicted by the amino acid sequences. Antibodies against the recombinant proteins reacted with E. chaffeensis P120 and E. canis P140, respectively. Carbohydrate was detected on the E. chaffeensis and E. canis recombinant proteins, including the two-repeat polypeptide region of E. chaffeensis P120. A carbohydrate compositional analysis identified glucose, galactose, and xylose on the recombinant proteins. The presence of only one site for N-linked (Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr) glycosylation, a lack of effect of N-glycosidase F, the presence of 70 and 126 Ser/Thr glycosylation sites in the repeat regions of P120 and P140, respectively, and a high molar ratio of carbohydrate to protein suggest that the glycans may be O linked.
Surgery and erectile dysfunction. (2010)

Recent advances in surgical technique and in the awareness of pelvic anatomy led to a better comprehension of the structures responsible for erectile function in pelvic surgery. New strategies are necessary in order to further reduce the rates of ED after this frequent surgical approach.
High-resolution inset head-mounted display (1998)

A novel approach to inset superimposition in a high-resolution head-mounted display (HMD) is presented. The approach is innovative in its use of optoelectronic, nonmechanical devices in place of scanning mechanical devices commonly adopted previously. A paraxial layout of the overall HMD system is presented, and the benefit of employing hybrid refractive-diffractive optics for the optical component that generates the inset is discussed. A potential overall HMD design is finally presented to show the integrated system. The practical limitations of the designed system are discussed and an alternative approach is presented to compare the advantages and the limitations of these systems.
Talk2Data: High-Level Question Decomposition for Data-Oriented Question and Answering (2021)

Through a data-oriented question and answering system, users can directly the system for the answers to their analytical questions about the input tabular data. This process greatly improves user experience and lowers the technical barriers of data analysis. Existing techniques focus on providing a concrete query for users or untangling the ambiguities in a specific question so that the system could better understand questions and provide more correct and precise answers. However, when users have little knowledge about the data, it is difficult for them to ask concrete questions. Instead, high-level questions are frequently asked, which cannot be easily solved with the existing techniques. To address the issue, in this paper, we introduce Talk2Data, a data-oriented online question and answering system that supports answering both low-level and high-level questions. It leverages a novel deep-learning model to resolve high-level questions into a series of low-level questions that can be answered by data facts. These low-level questions could be used to gradually elaborate the users' requirements. We design a set of annotated and captioned visualizations to represent the answers in a form that supports interpretation and narration. We evaluate the effectiveness of the Talk2Data system via a series of evaluations including case studies, performance validation, and a controlled user study. The results show the power of the system.
High-Precision Genotyping by Denaturing Capillary Electrophoresis (1998)

Genotyping, as applied to linkage mapping, human identification, or mapping of genetic traits, mandates electrophoretic separation systems that enable a user to identify alleles with high precision to obtain a correct genotype. For 2-bp microsatellites or short tandem repeats (STRs), standard deviations of +/-0.3 nucleotide are required to ensure with 99.7% probability the identity or dissimilarity of tested alleles. A complete system, consisting of commercially available laser-induced fluorescence capillary electrophoresis (ABI PRISM 310) and performance optimized polymer 4 (POP-4), was evaluated for microsatellite separations. POP-4 is a low viscosity polymer for use in uncoated fused microbore silica capillaries. It separates DNA fragments that differ in size by 1 nucleotide up to 250 nucleotides and that differ in size by 2 nucleotides for fragments up to at least 350 nucleotides in length in about 30 min. The presence of denaturants and, more importantly, operation at 60 degrees C was mandatory for high-precision and high-resolution sizing operation. Reproducible separation performance was achieved in excess of 100 injections per capillary with resulting standard deviations in the range of 0.04 to 0.17 nucleotide. Comparative sizing of known CEPH (Centre d'Etudes du Polymorphisme Humaine) samples performed at 22 independent test sites showed the usefulness of the system for genotyping with standard deviations of 0.24 nucleotide, or better.
Phase transitions in lyotropic colloidal and polymer liquid crystals (1992)

An overview is given of theory and experiments on liquid crystal phases which appear in solutions of elongated colloidal particles or stiff polymers. The Onsager (1949) virial theory for the isotropic-nematic transition of thin rodlike particles is treated comprehensively along with extensions to polydisperse solutions and soft interactions. Computer simulations of liquid crystal phases in hard particle fluids are summarized and used to assess the quality of statistical mechanical theories for stiff particles at higher volume fraction-like the inclusion of higher virial coefficients, y-expansion, scaled particle theory and density functional theory. Both computer simulations and density functional theory indicate formation of more highly ordered smectic phases. The range of experimental applicability is strongly widened by the extension of the virial theory to wormlike chains by Khokhlov and Semenov (1981,1982). Finally, experimental results for a number of carefully studied, charged and uncharged colloids and polymers are summarized and compared to theoretical results. In many cases the agreement is semi-quantitative.
Inhibitory Receptors on Lymphocytes: Insights from Infections (2012)

Costimulatory and inhibitory receptors are critical regulators of adaptive immune cell function. These pathways regulate the initiation and termination of effective immune responses to infections while limiting autoimmunity and/or immunopathology. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of inhibitory receptor pathways and their roles in different diseases and/or infections, emphasizing potential clinical applications and important unanswered mechanistic questions. Although significant progress has been made in defining the influence of inhibitory receptors at the cellular level, relatively little is known about the underlying molecular pathways. We discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms for key inhibitory receptor pathways, highlight major gaps in knowledge, and explore current and future clinical applications.
Allogeneic Versus Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Refractory and Recurrent Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (1997)

Patients with recurrent or refractory low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are increasingly treated with myeloablative therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. However, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is only sporadically performed in such patients. Therefore, we wish to compare treatment results of patients with recurrent or refractory low-grade NHL who underwent allogeneic BMT with those who underwent autologous BMT in our center. Twenty-eight patients were studied. The patients had received 2 to 5 lines of conventional chemotherapy before the BMT procedure. Eighteen patients, all with chemotherapy-sensitive disease at the time of transplantation, underwent autologous BMT and 10 patients, of whom 7 with chemotherapy-resistant disease at the time of transplantation, underwent allogeneic BMT. Furthermore, all allogeneic BMT patients had overt lymphoma infiltration of the BM at the time of transplantation. The conditioning regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide plus total body irradiation in all 28 patients. All allogeneic BMT patients achieved complete remission, 3 patients had a treatment-related death, and 7 patients are alive and disease-free with a median follow-up of 41 months. In contrast, none of the autologous BMT patients died of transplant-related complications. However, despite the fact that all autologous BMT patients had chemotherapy-sensitive disease and partial remission was converted to complete remission by the BMT procedure in 67% of them, only 3 of 18 patients are alive and disease-free. The probability of relapse or disease-progression among allogeneic BMT patients was 0% compared with 83% for autologous BMT patients (P = .002). Progression-free survival rates 2 years after BMT were 68% for allogeneic BMT patients and 22% for autologous BMT patients (P = .049). Although the numbers of patients are small, this study suggests that allogeneic BMT offers a better chance for cure than autologous BMT for patients with poor-prognosis low-grade lymphoma, and the difference in relapse or disease progression is strongly suggestive for the existence of a graft-versus-low-grade lymphoma effect.
A peptidomimetic inhibitor of farnesyl:protein transferase blocks the anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of human tumor cell lines. (1995)

Farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase) catalyzes the first of a series of posttranslational modifications of Ras required for full biological activity. Peptidomimetic inhibitors of FPTase have been designed that selectively block farnesylation in vivo and in vitro. These inhibitors prevent Ras processing and membrane localization and are effective in reversing the transformed phenotype of Rat1-v-ras cells but not that of cells transformed by v-raf or v-mos. We have tested the effect of the FPTase inhibitor L-744,832 (FTI) on the anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of human tumor cell lines. The growth of over 70% of all tumor cell lines tested was inhibited by 2-20 microM of the FTI, whereas the anchorage-dependent growth of nontransformed epithelial cells was less sensitive to the effects of the compound. No correlation was observed between response to drug and the origin of the tumor cell or whether it contained mutationally activated ras. In fact, cell lines with wild-type ras and active protein tyrosine kinases in which the transformed phenotype may depend on upstream activation of the ras pathway were especially sensitive to the drug. To define the important targets of FTI action, the mechanism of cellular drug resistance was examined. It was not a function of altered drug accumulation or of FPTase insensitivity since, in all cell lines tested, FPTase activity was readily inhibited within 1 h of treatment with the inhibitor. Furthermore, the general pattern of inhibition of cellular protein farnesylation and the specific inhibition of lamin B processing were the same in sensitive and resistant cells. In addition, functional activation of Ras was inhibited to the same degree in sensitive and resistant cell lines. However, the FTI inhibited the epidermal growth factor-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in sensitive cells but not in two resistant cell lines. These data suggest that the drug does inhibit ras function and that resistance in some cells is associated with the presence of Ras-independent pathways for mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by tyrosine kinases. We conclude that FPTase inhibitors are potent antitumor agents with activity against many types of human cancer cell lines, including those with wild-type ras.
Thermoelectric energy harvesting with 1mV low input voltage and 390nA quiescent current for 99.6% maximum power point tracking (2012)

In this paper, the proposed voltage trend detection (VTD) circuit effectively achieves high tracking efficiency in mixed-signal maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for the thermoelectric energy harvesting. The input power ranges from 42nW to 1.67mW and the input voltage can be lower to 1mV with a low quiescent current of 390nA when circuit is designed to operate in weak-inversion region. Consequently, the exponential relationship of the characteristic in the weak-inversion region can ensure that the tracking efficiency is higher than 99.6% and the tracking response time is less than 34ms.
Cysteine proteinases and their endogenous inhibitors: target proteins for prognosis, diagnosis and therapy in cancer (review). (1998)

Lysosomal cysteine proteinases, the cathepsins (Cats) belong to the papain family of proteinases, sharing a similar protein structure and mechanism of action. Subtle structural differences between these enzymes give rise to important variations in substrate specificity and specificity of inhibition by their endogenous inhibitors, the cystatins, stefins and kininogens under physiological and pathological conditions. Alterations in their expression, processing and localization have been observed at various levels in malignant human tumor tissue compared to normal and benign tissue counterparts. We have proposed that an imbalance between cathepsins and cystatins, associated with metastatic tumor cell phenotype, may facilitate tumor cell invasion and metastasis. The results of clinical investigations on cysteine cathepsins and their endogenous inhibitors in human breast, lung, brain and head and neck tumors, as well as in body fluids of ovarian, uterine, melanoma and colorectal carcinoma bearing patients, have shown that these molecules are highly predictive for the length of survival and may be used for assessment of risk of relapse and death for cancer patients. Their application for diagnosis, follow-up and the anticancer therapy has also been proposed.
Toll-like Receptor 9–mediated Recognition of Herpes Simplex Virus-2 by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (2003)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have been identified as a potent secretor of the type I interferons (IFNs) in response to CpG as well as several viruses. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism of virus recognition by pDCs. First, we demonstrated that the CD11c+Gr-1intB220+ pDCs from mouse bone marrow secreted high levels of IFN-alpha in response to either live or UV-inactivated Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2). Next, we identified that IFN-alpha secretion by pDCs required the expression of the adaptor molecule MyD88, suggesting the involvement of a Toll-like receptor (TLR) in HSV-2 recognition. To test whether a TLR mediates HSV-2-induced IFN-alpha secretion from pDCs, various knockout mice were examined. These experiments revealed a clear requirement for TLR9 in this process. Further, we demonstrated that purified HSV-2 DNA can trigger IFN-alpha secretion from pDCs and that inhibitory CpG oligonucleotide treatment diminished HSV-induced IFN-alpha secretion by pDCs in a dose-dependent manner. The recognition of HSV-2 by TLR9 was mediated through an endocytic pathway that was inhibited by chloroquine or bafilomycin A1. The strict requirement for TLR9 in IFN-alpha secretion was further confirmed by the inoculation of HSV-2 in vivo. Therefore, these results demonstrate a novel mechanism whereby the genomic DNA of a virus can engage TLR9 and result in the secretion of IFN-alpha by pDCs.