gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A double-filter method for nitrocellulose-filter binding: application to protein-nucleic acid interactions. (1993)

Nitrocellulose-filter binding is a powerful technique commonly used to study protein-nucleic acid interactions; however, its utility in quantitative studies is often compromised by its lack of precision. To improve precision and accuracy, we have introduced two modifications to the traditional technique: the use of a 96-well dot-blot apparatus and the addition of a DEAE membrane beneath the nitrocellulose membrane. Using the dot-blot apparatus, an entire triplicate set of data spanning 20-24 titrant concentrations can be collected on a single 4.5 x 5 inch sheet of nitrocellulose, obviating the need to manipulate separate filters for each titration point. The entire titration can then be quantitated simultaneously with direct two-dimensional beta-emission imaging technology. The DEAE second membrane traps all DNA that does not bind to the nitrocellulose, enabling a direct determination of the total amount of DNA filtered. This measurement improves precision by allowing the amount of DNA retained by the nitrocellulose to be normalized against the total amount of DNA filtered. The DEAE membrane also permits a more accurate quantitation of filter-retention efficiency and nonspecific background retention based on free DNA rather than total DNA filtered. The general approach and methods of analysis to obtain equilibrium binding isotherms are discussed, using as examples our studies of the Escherichia coli Rep protein, a helicase, and its interactions with short oligodeoxynucleotides.
Variant genotypes of FcγRIIIA influence the development of Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-infected men (2000)

Abstract Disturbances in inflammatory cytokine production and immune regulation coupled with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection underlie the current understanding of the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most common HIV-associated malignancy. The low affinity Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) for IgG link humoral and cellular immunity by mediating interaction between antibodies and effector cells, such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. We examined the frequency of polymorphic forms of the low affinityFcγRs, FcγRIIA,FcγRIIIA, and FcγRIIIB in 2 cohorts of HIV-infected men with KS and found that theFcγRIIIA genotype exerts a significant influence on susceptibility to or protection from KS. The FF genotype was underrepresented in patients with KS, whereas the VF genotype was associated with development of KS. A similar association was observed between FcγRIIIA genotypes and HHV-8 seropositivity. These observations suggest a possible role forFcγRIIIA in the development of KS during HIV infection.
Enhanced Recovery Programs and Pain Management (2017)

Starkweather, Angela PhD, ACNP-BC, CNRN, FAAN; Perry, Mallory BSN, RN Author Information
E-cadherin and APC compete for the interaction with beta-catenin and the cytoskeleton. (1994)

beta-Catenin is involved in the formation of adherens junctions of mammalian epithelia. It interacts with the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin and also with the tumor suppressor gene product APC, and the Drosophila homologue of beta-catenin, armadillo, mediates morphogenetic signals. We demonstrate here that E-cadherin and APC directly compete for binding to the internal, armadillo-like repeats of beta-catenin; the NH2-terminal domain of beta-catenin mediates the interaction of the alternative E-cadherin and APC complexes to the cytoskeleton by binding to alpha-catenin. Plakoglobin (gamma-catenin), which is structurally related to beta-catenin, mediates identical interactions. We thus show that the APC tumor suppressor gene product forms strikingly similar associations as found in cell junctions and suggest that beta-catenin and plakoglobin are central regulators of cell adhesion, cytoskeletal interaction, and tumor suppression.
REVIEW Genetic Improvements to the Sterile Insect Technique for Agricultural Pests (2010)

The sterile insect technique (SIT) relies on area-wide mass-releases of sterile male pest insects, which mate with their wild counterparts and thereby cause a drop in the wild population. In order to improve SIT efficacy or to avoid potential nega - tive effects of such releases, strains of insects have been developed by genetic means. Methods of strain improvement fall into two categories: those generated by classical genetics and those through transgenesis. Here, we describe development and successes of agriculturally important pest insect strains developed through the former, and how transgenic technology is offering a broad spectrum of potential improvements to SIT in a wider range of insects. Also discussed are future prospects and non-technical challenges faced by transgenic technology. The need for environment-friendly pest control methods in agriculture has never been more pressing. SIT and related technologies offer a solution with proven effectiveness.
Rapid Transport of Gases in Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

We report atomistic simulations for both self- and transport diffusivities of light gases in carbon nanotubes and in two zeolites with comparable pore sizes. We find that transport rates in nanotubes are orders of magnitude faster than in the zeolites we have studied or in any microporous material for which experimental data are available. The exceptionally high transport rates in nanotubes are shown to be a result of the inherent smoothness of the nanotubes. We predict that carbon nanotube membranes will have fluxes that are orders of magnitude greater than crystalline zeolite membranes.
High-power neodymium soliton fiber laser that uses a chirped fiber grating (1995)

The use of a highly chirped fiber Bragg grating for dispersion compensation in a self-starting passively mode-locked neodymium soliton fiber laser is demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. By employing an appropriately designed saturable absorber as the mode-locking element and limiting polarization-dependent loss in the cavity, we obtain polarization-insensitive operation of the laser, and no intracavity polarization controllers are required for its optimization. The laser generated bandwidth-limited pulses of 6-ps duration with output energies as high as 1.25 nJ.
Gene mutations and response to treatment with all-trans retinoic acid in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Results from the AMLSG Trial AML HD98B (2008)

In elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia, NPM1 mutations are associated with achievement of complete remission, and the genotype 'mutant NPM1 without FLT3-ITD' appears to be a predictive marker for response to all-trans retinoic acid given as an adjunct to intensive chemotherapy (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00151242).
On the Accuracy of End-Point Trajectory Tracking for Flexible Arms by Noncausal Inverse Dynamic Solutions (1991)

The problem of open-loop control of the end-point trajectory of a single-link flexible arm by an inverse dynamic solution is addressed in this paper. A finite element discretization of the system is used to obtain a set of ordinary differential equations describing the motion. Theoretical difficulties pertaining to the inverse problem for flexible structures are exposed, and it is shown that a noncausal solution for the actuating torque enables a tracking of an arbitrary tip displacement with any desired accuracy.
Yohimbine increases human salivary secretion. (1989)

The effect of oral yohimbine (14 mg) on salivary secretion was evaluated in healthy volunteers. Yohimbine significantly increased salivary secretion when compared with placebo. This effect was significant from 60 min until 180 min after administration under our experimental conditions. Yohimbine (or alpha 2-adrenoceptor blocking agents) could have a potential interest in the treatment of dry mouths.
Coherent millimeter-wave generation by heterodyne conversion in low-temperature-grown GaAs photoconductors (1993)

An analysis has been carried out of optical heterodyne conversion with an interdigitated-electrode photomixer made from low-temperature-grown (LTG) GaAs and pumped by two continuous-wave, frequency-offset pump lasers. The analytic prediction is in excellent agreement with the experimental results obtained recently on a photomixer having 1.0-μm-wide electrodes and gaps. The analysis predicts that a superior photomixer having 0.2-μm-wide electrodes and gaps would have a temperature-limited conversion efficiency of 2.0% at a low difference frequency, 1.6% at 94 GHz, and 0.5% at 300 GHz when connected to a broadband 100 Ω load resistance and pumped at hν=2.0 eV by a total optical power of 50 mW. The predicted 3-dB bandwidth (193 GHz) of this photomixer is limited by both the electron-hole recombination time (0.6 ps) of the LTG-GaAs material and the RC time constant (0.5 ps) of the photomixer circuit.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms six months after bacterial gastroenteritis and risk factors for development of the irritable bowel syndrome: postal survey of patients (1997)

Persistence of bowel symptoms commonly occurs after bacterial gastroenteritis and is responsible for considerable morbidity and health care costs.
Light Filtering in a Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Culture Model (2011)

The series of filters tested in this work provided protection against blue light damage in a culture model.
A novel architecture for remote interrogation of wireless battery-free capacitive sensors (2006)

In this paper a new system for the remote interrogation of wireless battery-less passive sensors aimed at environmental sensing is presented. The system uses a capacitive sensor configured as an LC-tank which resonant frequency shifts with the physical measurement. The overall performance of the architecture is analyzed with respect to coupling factor and sensor parameters.
Crystalline and electronic structure of single-layerTaS2 (2016)

Single-layer ${\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$ is epitaxially grown on Au(111) substrates. The resulting two-dimensional crystals adopt the $1H$ polymorph. The electronic structure is determined by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and found to be in excellent agreement with density functional theory calculations. The single-layer ${\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$ is found to be strongly $n$ doped, with a carrier concentration of $0.3(1)$ extra electrons per unit cell. No superconducting or charge density wave state is observed by scanning tunneling microscopy at temperatures down to 4.7 K.
Use of the Cosmid Adenoviral Vector Cloning System for the In Vitro Construction of Recombinant Adenoviral Vectors (1997)

The large size of the adenoviral genome unfortunately precludes there being many unique, useful restriction sites available for in vitro manipulation. Two methods have been developed for the construction of recombinant adenoviral vectors to date: in vivo homologous recombination or direct ligation in vitro. The efficiency of either the direct ligation method or the homologous recombination method is low because of the large size of the recombinant adenoviral vectors. To circumvent these problems, we have chosen to use the cosmid vector system to facilitate the assembly of recombinant adenoviral vectors. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that recombinant adenoviral vectors can be efficiently constructed in vitro by the cosmid vector system. With this method, it is possible to amplify the recombinant adenoviral vector DNA sufficiently to transfect 293 cells. The cosmid adenoviral vector cloning method for in vitro construction of the full-length recombinant adenoviral vectors represented here is simple and efficient and should facilitate the development of recombinant adenoviral vectors for human gene therapy.
In vivo anti‐tumor activity of arginine deiminase purified from Mycoplasma arginini (1992)

Arginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.6) was purified to homogeneity from the cell extract of Mycoplasma arginini by molecular-sieve, anion-exchange and arginine-affinity chromatographies. The purified enzyme was composed of 2 identical sub-units with a molecular weight of 45.000 and had a pI of 4.7. Its Vmax value and Km value for L-arginine were estimated to be 50 units/mg protein and 0.2 mM, respectively. It exerted maximal enzyme activity at pH 6.0-7.5 and at 50 degrees C. The arginine deiminase was stable at neutral pH. When injected i.v. into mice, the half-life of the arginine deiminase in blood was about 4 hr. In culture, the enzyme strongly inhibited the growth of 6 kinds of mouse tumor cell lines by depleting L-arginine in the culture media. When the in vivo growth-inhibitory activity of arginine deiminase was tested for the 6 tumor cell lines, i.p. administration of the purified enzyme effectively prolonged the survival time of the mice injected with all kinds of the tumor cell lines. Especially, the in vivo growth of a hepatoma cell line, MH134, was completely prevented by the daily administration at a dose of 0.2 mg/mouse for 14 days. These results raise the possibility of the use of the arginine deiminase derived from Mycoplasma arginini as a new anti-tumor drug.
Evaluation of the anticholinergic actions of glycopyrronium bromide. (1978)

1. Glycopyrronium was evaluated by intramuscular, intravenous and oral routes in six adult volunteers for its efficacy as an antisialogogue as also for its action on other aspects of cholinergic activity. 2. It was found to be an effective antisialogogue of long duration of action by all three routes. When given orally the effects were delayed in onset and persisted for too long. Intramuscular and intravenous routes were useful. The intramuscular absorption of the drug is rapid and consistent. 3. Sweat gland activity was affected in a similar fashion but less consistently and other parameters were mostly unaffected. 4. Glycopyrronium 0.2 mg intramuscularly was found to be the optimal dose. Larger doses produced subjective discomfort out of proportion to a further reduction in salivary secretion. 5. Intravenous administration causes no changes in cardiovascular stability.
The fractional fourier transform (2001)

A brief introduction to the fractional Fourier transform and its properties is given. Its relation to phase-space representations (time- or space-frequency representations) and the concept of fractional Fourier domains are discussed. An overview of applications which have so far received interest are given and some potential application areas remaining to be explored are noted.
Nucleotide diversity in the mitochondrial and nuclear compartments of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: investigating the origins of genome architecture (2008)

At first glance our results are in opposition to the mutational-burden hypothesis: pisilent was approximately 4 times greater in the nuclear compartment of C. reinhardtii relative to the mitochondrial compartment. However, when we consider the encumbrance of noncoding DNA in each of these C. reinhardtii compartments, we conclude that introns in the mtDNA impose a greater burden than those in the nuclear DNA and suggest that the same may be true for the intergenic regions. Overall, we cannot reject the mutational-burden hypothesis and feel that more data on nucleotide diversity from green algae and other protists are needed.
SMoG:  de Novo Design Method Based on Simple, Fast, and Accurate Free Energy Estimates. 1. Methodology and Supporting Evidence (1996)

In this paper, we present SMoG (Small Molecule Growth), a novel, straightforward method for de novo lead design and the evidence for its effectiveness. It is based on a simple model for ligand-protein interactions and a scoring that is directly related to the free energy through a knowledge-based potential. A large number of structures are examined by an efficient metropolis Monte Carlo molecular growth algorithm that generates molecules through the adjoining of functional groups directly in the binding region. Thus SMoG is a method that is able to rank a large number of potential compounds according to binding free energy in a short time. In this sense, SMoG represents a step toward an ideal computational tool for ligand design.
Repair of cisplatin-induced DNA interstrand crosslinks by a replication-independent pathway involving transcription-coupled repair and translesion synthesis (2012)

DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) formed by antitumor agents, such as cisplatin or mitomycin C, are highly cytotoxic DNA lesions. Their repair is believed to be triggered primarily by the stalling of replication forks at ICLs in S-phase. There is, however, increasing evidence that ICL repair can also occur independently of replication. Using a reporter assay, we describe a pathway for the repair of cisplatin ICLs that depends on transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair protein CSB, the general nucleotide excision repair factors XPA, XPF and XPG, but not the global genome nucleotide excision repair factor XPC. In this pathway, Rev1 and Polζ are involved in the error-free bypass of cisplatin ICLs. The requirement for CSB, Rev1 or Polζ is specific for the repair of ICLs, as the repair of cisplatin intrastrand crosslinks does not require these genes under identical conditions. We directly show that this pathway contributes to the removal of ICLs outside of S-phase. Finally, our studies reveal that defects in replication- and transcription-dependent pathways are additive in terms of cellular sensitivity to treatment with cisplatin or mitomycin C. We conclude that transcription- and replication-dependent pathways contribute to cellular survival following treatment with crosslinking agents.
Treatment options in patients with rheumatoid arthritis failing initial TNF inhibitor therapy: a critical review (2009)

Conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs such as methotrexate are the mainstay of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. More recently, biologic agents such as etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab, which act by inhibiting tumour necrosis factor (TNF), have become available. TNF inhibitors have proved to be very effective in patients not responding to conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. However, about 20% to 40% of patients treated with a TNF inhibitor fail to achieve a 20% improvement in American College of Rheumatology criteria, and more lose response over time (secondary failure or acquired therapeutic resistance) or experience adverse events following treatment with a TNF inhibitor. In this group of patients, therapeutic options were limited until recently and an established treatment approach was to switch from one TNF inhibitor to another. In recent years, therapeutic options in these patients have increased with the introduction of biologic agents with novel mechanisms of action, such as rituximab and abatacept. This review outlines the current evidence in support of the available treatment strategies in patients with an inadequate response or intolerance to an initial TNF inhibitor.
Isolation and Some Characteristics of an Agent Inducing Anemia in Chicks (1979)

SUMMARY A transmissible agent inducing anemia in chicks (chicken anemia agent; CAA) was isolated in specific-pathogen-free chicks from chickens in the field. Chicks were inoculated intramuscularly with CAA (about 1040 CID5o/chick) at 1 day old. By 14 days postinoculation they had severe anemia, with a hematocrit value below 20%, a red-blood-cell count below 1,000,000/mm3, and a white-blood-cell count below 5,000/mm3. Morbidity was 100%, and mortality reached about 50% by 28 days postinoculation. Gross lesions found in the affected chicks were watery blood, yellow to white bone marrow, marked atrophy of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius, swelling and discoloration of the liver, and sometimes hemorrhage throughout the body. CAA was resistant to treatment with chloroform or ether, and to heating at 80 C for 15 minutes. It passed through a membrane filter of 25-nm pore size. It produced no cytopathic effect in chicken kidney cell cultures or had no fatal effect on embryonating chicken eggs. Specific antibody was produced in chickens inoculated with CAA. These findings suggest that CAA may be a new viruslike agent
A TREM family member, TLT-1, is found exclusively in the α-granules of megakaryocytes and platelets (2004)

The triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) have drawn considerable attention due to their ability to activate multiple cell types within the innate immune system, including neutrophils, monocyte/macrophages, and dendritic cells, via their association with DAP12. TLT-1 (TREM-like transcript-1) lies within the TREM gene cluster and contains the characteristic single V-set immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of the family, but its longer cytoplasmic tail is composed of both a proline-rich region and an immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, the latter known to be used for interactions with protein tyrosine phosphatases. Here we report that TLT-1 is expressed exclusively in platelets and megakaryocytes (MKs) and that TLT-1 expression is up-regulated dramatically upon platelet activation. Consistent with this observation, confocal microscopy demonstrates that TLT-1 is prepackaged, along with CD62P, into both MK and platelet alpha-granules. Differences in thrombin-induced redistribution of CD62P and TLT-1 indicate that TLT-1 is not simply cargo of alpha-granules but may instead regulate granule construction or dispersal. Together these data show that that TLT-1 does not function to inhibit members of the TREM family but instead may play a role in maintaining vascular hemostasis and regulating coagulation and inflammation at sites of injury.
Frequency and stability control using decentralized intelligent loads: Benefits and pitfalls (2010)

Recent research has demonstrated that many electric loads could cost-effectively become intelligent, allowing for the potential of the loads to more actively participate in system operation and control. This paper investigates benefits and potential pitfalls of decentralized intelligent load control for frequency regulation and improved stability control. Issues addressed in this paper include: the control strategy, the effect of a highly distributed nature of the loads within a distribution system, the effect of a discretized control action, and the effect of time-delay on the control action. Issues are investigated using a 16-machine example power system that has similar characteristics of the western North American power system.
High-sensitivity spin-based electrometry with an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (2017)

We demonstrate a spin-based, all-dielectric electrometer based on an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) defects in diamond. An applied electric field causes energy-level shifts symmetrically away from the ${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$'s degenerate triplet states via the Stark effect; this symmetry provides immunity to temperature fluctuations allowing for shot-noise-limited detection. Using an ensemble of ${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{s}$, we demonstrate shot-noise-limited sensitivities approaching 1 (V/cm)/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ under ambient conditions, at low frequencies ($&lt;10$ Hz), and over a large dynamic range (20 dB). A theoretical model for the ensemble of ${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{s}$ fits well with measurements of the ground-state electric susceptibility parameter $\ensuremath{\langle}{k}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}\ensuremath{\rangle}$. Implications of spin-based, dielectric sensors for micron-scale electric-field sensing are discussed.