gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human neutrophils lose their surface Fc gamma RIII and acquire Annexin V binding sites during apoptosis in vitro (1995)

We have previously reported that neutrophilic granulocytes rapidly release part of their Fc gamma RIII from the plasma membrane upon in vitro activation, probably by proteolytic cleavage. In plasma and other body fluids, released or soluble Fc gamma RIII has been found in considerable amounts. In the present study, neutrophils were kept in maintenance culture for 18 to 24 hours. Forty percent of the neutrophils completely lost Fc gamma RIII, and the remainder of the cells showed a 60% decrease in Fc gamma RIII expression on their surface. Released Fc gamma RIII was detected in the culture supernatant. Nevertheless, more than 90% of the cells was viable as judged by hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate. The presence of interferon gamma, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, but not interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, or IL-8, in the culture medium increased the number of cells that still expressed Fc gamma RIII. We found that this loss of Fc gamma RIII was not the result of cell activation but correlated strongly with apoptosis. The Fc gamma RIII-negative subpopulation exhibited typical morphologic changes, such as nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, this subpopulation appeared to have acquired the property of binding Annexin V, a calcium-dependent, phospholipid-binding protein with high affinity for phosphatidylserine. The external exposure of this phospholipid by cells has been reported to occur during apoptosis. The property of Annexin V binding was not shared by the nonapoptotic, Fc gamma RIII-positive subpopulation. In this respect, we identified binding of Annexin V as an convenient marker for apoptotic cells. Our results indicate that soluble Fc gamma RIII in body fluids might be derived for a large part from neutrophils undergoing apoptosis in the tissues.
Effect of toroidal plasma flow and flow shear on global magnetohydrodynamic MHD modes (1995)

The effect of a subsonic toroidal flow on the linear magnetohydrodynamic stability of a tokamak plasma surrounded by an external resistive wall is studied. A complex non-self-adjoint eigenvalue problem for the stability of general kink and tearing modes is formulated, solved numerically, and applied to high β tokamaks. Results indicate that toroidal plasma flow, in conjunction with dissipation in the plasma, can open a window of stability for the position of the external wall. In this window, stable plasma beta values can significantly exceed those predicted by the Troyon scaling law with no wall. Computations utilizing experimental data indicate good agreement with observations.
160 Gbit/s wavelength shifting and phase conjugationusing periodically poled LiNbO 3 waveguide parametric converter (2000)

High efficiency 160 Gbit/s wavelength conversion and optical phase conjugation using cascaded nonlinearities in periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguides is reported. The authors also report on use of this device as a dispersion compensator for transmission of 100 Gbit/s OTDM data through 160 km of singlemode fibre.
Violation of the Lagrange invariant in an optical imaging system (2013)

The Lagrange invariant provides a basic description of an optical imaging system. Many important conclusions can be drawn from it. We discovered that the Lagrange invariant is violated in a self-interference holography system with particular characteristics. With a proof-of-principle system, we proved this violation both theoretically and experimentally. This finding enables future exciting possibilities in optical imaging.
Detection of residual lymphoma cells by polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood is significantly less predictive for relapse than detection in bone marrow (1994)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the t(14;18) has been shown to be a highly sensitive method to detect minimal residual disease in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) whose tumors bear this translocation. The ideal tissue source to detect residual lymphoma would be from a previously involved lymph node. However, lymphoid tissue is rarely available once patients achieve complete remission. Although PCR amplification has been used to detect residual lymphoma cells in both bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) of patients in complete remission, it is presently unknown whether BM and PB are equivalent tissue sources to detect residual disease. In the present study, we compared the clinical utility of the detection of residual lymphoma in both the BM and the PB of patients with advanced-stage non- Hodgkin's lymphoma before, at the time of, and after high-dose therapy and autologous BM transplantation (ABMT). The detection of residual lymphoma in either the BM or PB was associated with decreased disease- free survival. However, in the present study, 44% of patients who relapsed had no evidence of circulating lymphoma cells in their PB. At the time of BM harvest, PCR-detectable residual lymphoma cells were detected in 211 of 212 patients; although, in a subset of these patients analyzed, lymphoma cells were detected in the peripheral blood of only 49% of patients. When residual lymphoma cells within the autologous BM are infused into the patient these cells are rapidly detectable circulating in the PB in the patient. These cells continue to circulate during the immediate posttransplant period and be detectable in the PB in the majority of patients who are infused with marrow containing residual lymphoma. We conclude that BM is a more informative tissue source than PB in detecting minimal residual disease at the time of and after ABMT, and that contamination of PB early after ABMT appears to be the consequence of reinfusion of lymphoma cells within autologous marrow.
The Fishwrap personalized news system (2002)

Fishwrap is an experimental electronic newspaper system available at MIT. Fishwrap attempts to address the needs of the freshman integrating into the MIT community. Fishwrap attempts this by balancing an individual's desire for personalization with the need to participate and know about the world at large. This paper describes the scope of the experiment, the underlying technology, and the evaluation by participants. Access to Fishwrap's personalized news system appears as a World Wide Web (WWW) hypertext link. This link calls upon programs to subscribe the individual to the news service. At this time an individual access password is provided. After the initial session students can get Fishwrap from any computer connected to the MIT network with a WWW browser.
A pineal regulatory element (PIRE) mediates transactivation by the pineal/retina-specific transcription factor CRX (1998)

The circadian hormone melatonin is synthesized predominantly in the pineal gland by the actions of two pineal-specific enzymes: serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). Pineal night-specific ATPase (PINA), another pineal- and night-specific protein we recently identified, is produced as a truncated form of the Wilson disease gene (Atp7b) product. To identify the regulatory elements required for pineal-specific gene expression, we isolated sequences upstream of the rat PINA gene and discovered a cis-acting element that is recognized by a novel pineal/retina-specific nuclear factor. This pineal regulatory element (PIRE) has a consensus of TAATC/T and is present in six copies in the 5' regulatory region of the PINA gene, at least three copies in the rat NAT promoter, and at least one copy in each of the putative HIOMT promoters A and B. A recently identified retina-specific protein, cone rod homeobox (CRX), binds to PIRE in vitro and transactivates PIRE-reporter constructs. These data suggest that Crx may play a crucial role in regulating pineal gene expression through interactions with PIRE.
Performance issues on the wireless 2.4 GHz ISM band in a multisystem environment (2002)

This article provides an introduction to issues of coexistence between different wireless systems in the popular 2.4 GHz band. The operational principles of major systems are described and interference methods are explained against operational principles. Finally, measured results are presented and discussed.
Metallic Corner Atoms in Gold Clusters Supported on Rutile Are the Dominant Active Site during Water−Gas Shift Catalysis (2010)

Au/TiO(2) catalysts used in the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction at 120 °C, 7% CO, 22% H(2)O, 9% CO(2), and 37% H(2) had rates up to 0.1 moles of CO converted per mole of Au per second. However, the rate per mole of Au depends strongly on the Au particle size. The use of a nonporous, model support allowed for imaging of the active catalyst and a precise determination of the gold size distribution using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) because all the gold is exposed on the surface. A physical model of Au/TiO(2) is used to show that corner atoms with fewer than seven neighboring gold atoms are the dominant active sites. The number of corner sites does not vary as particle size increases above 1 nm, giving the surprising result that the rate per gold cluster is independent of size.
Hantaan virus infection of human endothelial cells (1992)

The primary pathophysiologic finding of the viral disease known as Korean hemorrhagic fever, the etiological agent of which is Hantaan virus (HTV), is vascular instability. To investigate whether HTV was able to infect cells derived from human vascular tissue and alter their behavior, we infected in vitro primary adult human endothelial cells from saphenous veins (HSVEC). We were able to detect the presence of viral antigens in infected cells both by immunofluorescence and by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis as early as day 1 postinfection. HSVEC infected with HTV produce infectious virus during the first 3 days of infection but, at later times (days 4 to 8), show decreasing yields of virus. This contrasts with the HTV growth pattern observed for the permissive simian CV-7 cell line, which generates infectious virus up to day 12 after infection. Further investigation showed that the late decrease in viral production in HSVEC is the result of the induction of beta interferon and can be reversed by the addition of anti-beta interferon serum to the culture medium. At no time during the course of infection of HSVEC with HTV was any obvious cytopathic effect observed. When tests for changes in mRNA levels of other cytokines and endothelial cell gene products following HTV infection of HSVEC were done by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction methods, no significant changes were observed in the levels of interleukin 1, interleukin 6, or von Willebrand factor mRNA. We hypothesize that, while HTV can replicate in human vascular endothelial cells, the mechanism of microvascular damage seen with Korean hemorrhagic fever is not likely to be a direct effect of virus replication but may conceivably be the consequence of an immune-mediated endothelial injury triggered by viral infection.
Adenovirus Vector-Mediated Perforin Expression Driven by a Glucocorticoid-Inducible Promoter Inhibits Tumor Growth In Vivo (1998)

To evaluate the concept that in vivo transfer of perforin complementary DNA (cDNA) will suppress tumor growth, we constructed an adenovirus vector (AdGRE.PFP) carrying perforin cDNA driven by the glucocorticoid response element (GRE) promoter. We infected A549 lung carcinoma cells with this vector in vitro and in vivo, and evaluated cell growth over time. In the presence of dexamethasone, in vitro infection of A549 cells with the AdGRE.PFP vector yielded perforin messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts and effectively suppressed A549 cell growth. In accord with these in vitro observations, administration of dexamethasone following direct injection of AdGRE. PFP into established subcutaneous A549 tumors in nude mice resulted in a marked reduction in tumor growth as compared with AdGRE.PFP infection without dexamethasone or with dexamethasone alone. These observations suggest that regulable, adenovirus-mediated gene expression of perforin cDNA may have potential as a strategy for local control of tumor cell growth.
The BMW On-Board Navigation System (1997)

This paper describes an onboard vehicle navigation and information system designed by the BMW corporation. The different features and benefits of this system are discussed.
Heat shock protein 70 overexpression affects the response to ultraviolet light in murine fibroblasts. Evidence for increased cell viability and suppression of cytokine release. (1995)

To elucidate cellular concepts for protection against ultraviolet (UV) light we investigated the effect of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) overexpression on cell viability and on the secretion of UV-inducible immunological cytokines. Transfected murine fibrosarcoma cells (WEHI-S), overexpressing hsp70 or a sham transfected control were used. Overexpression of hsp70 was sufficient to markedly increase cell viability upon treatment with UVB (290-320 nm). Since long wave UV (UVA, 320-400 nm) as well as UVB turned out to stimulate the release of O2- radicals we studied the cell viability upon oxidative stress. Hsp70 overexpression increased viability upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide or menadione, but had no influence on UV-induced O2- release. UV-light is known to upregulate immunologic and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-6. Oxidative stress appeared to exert a similar effect. Hsp70 overexpression markedly decreased the release of IL-6 induced by UVA, UVB and oxidative stress. To test whether the hsp70 mediated suppression is confined to events caused by UV-light we determined IL-1-mediated effects. IL-1-induced IL-6 release was reduced by hsp70 overexpression, whereas the IL-1 mediated activation of nuclear factor kappa B was not affected. Our data suggests that hsp70 plays a central role not only in cell protection against UV-light, but also in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokine release induced by UV-exposure.
Activation of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 Expression byHelicobacter pyloriIs Regulated by NF-κB in Gastric Epithelial Cancer Cells (2000)

Interactions between leukocytes and epithelial cells may play a key role in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric mucosal inflammation. This process is mediated by various cell adhesion molecules. The present study examined the molecular mechanisms leading to H. pylori-induced epithelial cell intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; also called CD54) expression. Coculture of epithelial cells with cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island-positive (cag PAI(+)) H. pylori strains, but not with a cag PAI(-) strain or H. pylori culture supernatants, resulted in upregulation of steady-state mRNA levels and cell surface expression of ICAM-1. Coculture with H. pylori induced an increase in luciferase activity in cells which were transfected with a luciferase reporter gene linked to the 5'-flanking region of the ICAM-1 gene. H. pylori activated the ICAM-1 promoter via the NF-kappaB binding site. An inducible nuclear protein complex bound to the ICAM-1 NF-kappaB site and was identified as the NF-kappaB p50-p65 heterodimer. H. pylori induced the degradation of IkappaB-alpha, a major cytoplasmic inhibitor of NF-kappaB, and stimulated the expression of IkappaB-alpha mRNA. Pretreatment of epithelial cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, which blocks NF-kappaB activation, inhibited H. pylori-induced ICAM-1 expression. THP-1 macrophagic cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and purified neutrophils adhered to H. pylori-infected epithelial cells to a greater extent than to uninfected cells. These results show that H. pylori directly induces expression of ICAM-1 on gastric epithelial cells in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner that may support leukocyte attachment during inflammation.
Spark (2011)

In creating complex real-time shaders, programmers should be able to decompose code into independent, localized modules of their choosing. Current real-time shading languages, however, enforce a fixed decomposition into per-pipeline-stage procedures. Program concerns at other scales -- including those that cross-cut multiple pipeline stages -- cannot be expressed as reusable modules. We present a shading language, Spark, and its implementation for modern graphics hardware that improves support for separation of concerns into modules. A Spark shader class can encapsulate code that maps to more than one pipeline stage, and can be extended and composed using object-oriented inheritance. In our tests, shaders written in Spark achieve performance within 2% of HLSL.
Filter-based coded-excitation system for high-speed ultrasonic imaging (1998)

We have recently presented a new algorithm for high-speed parallel processing of ultrasound pulse-echo data for real-time three-dimensional (3-D) imaging. The approach utilizes a discretized linear model of the echo data received from the region of interest (ROI) using a conventional beam former. The transmitter array elements are fed with binary codes designed to produce distinct impulse responses from different directions in ROI. Image reconstruction in ROI is achieved with a regularized pseudoinverse operator derived from the linear receive signal model. The reconstruction operator can be implemented using a transversal filter bank with every filter in the bank designed to extract echoes from a specific direction in the ROI. The number of filters in the bank determines the number of image lines acquired simultaneously. In this paper, we present images of a cyst phantom reconstructed based on our formulation. A number of issues of practical significance in image reconstruction are addressed. Specifically, an augmented model is introduced to account for imperfect blocking of echoes from outside the ROI. We have also introduced a column-weighting algorithm for minimizing the number of filter coefficients. In addition, a detailed illustration of a full image reconstruction using subimage acquisition and compounding is given. Experimental results have shown that the new approach is valid for phased-array pulse-echo imaging of speckle-generating phantoms typically used in characterizing medical imaging systems. Such coded-excitation-based image reconstruction from speckle-generating phantoms, to the best of our knowledge, have not been reported previously.
A Novel Method of Cell-Specific mRNA Transfection (1998)

In this study, we developed a cell-specific mRNA transfection system using streptavidin-protein A (ST-PA) fusion protein and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We previously reported that ST-PA fusion protein and mAb complexes can transfer certain biotinylated proteins into specific cell types. At this time, we combined an in vitro transcribed biotinylated and self-replicating Sindbis virus genomic RNA with ST-PA fusion protein and mAbs. In the presence of cationic liposomes, to prevent RNA degradation, this complex is able to transfect a reporter gene to specific cancer cells in a mAb does-dependent manner. Even in the absence of cationic liposomes, biotinylated mRNA, ST-PA fusion, and mAb complexes can transfer some types of cancer cell suspension cultures. This cell-specific transfection system is a novel method of introducing various mRNAs into cells that results in high levels of transient protein expression.
Cell Cycle Progression (1998)

Entry into and progression of vascular cells through the cell cycle is considered a key event in vascular proliferative diseases. Multiple growth factors and cytokines have been found to regulate vascular cell proliferation. However, the machinery regulating cell cycle represents the "final common pathway" of these signaling cascades and thus provides an attractive therapeutic target for the prevention of vascular proliferative diseases. This review focuses on the current understanding of the regulation of the cell cycle machinery especially as it relates to vascular cell biology and the feasibility of targeting cell cycle for the prevention of restenosis after balloon angioplasty and bypass vein graft disease.
Least squares support vector machine classifiers: a large scale algorithm (1999)

Support vector machines (SVM's) have been introduced in literature as a method for pattern recognition and function estimation, within the framework of statistical learning theory and structural risk minimization. A least squares version (LSSVM) has been recently reported which expresses the training in terms of solving a set of linear equations instead of quadratic programming as for the standard SVM case. In this paper we present an iterative training algorithm for LS-SVM's which is based on a conjugate gradient method. This enables solving large scale classification problems which is illustrated on a multi two-spiral benchmark problem. Keywords. Support vector machines, classification, neural networks, RBF kernels, conjugate gradient method.
Out-of-Domain Utterance Detection Using Classification Confidences of Multiple Topics (2006)

One significant problem for spoken language systems is how to cope with users' out-of-domain (OOD) utterances which cannot be handled by the back-end application system. In this paper, we propose a novel OOD detection framework, which makes use of the classification confidence scores of multiple topics and applies a linear discriminant model to perform in-domain verification. The verification model is trained using a combination of deleted interpolation of the in-domain data and minimum-classification-error training, and does not require actual OOD data during the training process, thus realizing high portability. When applied to the "phrasebook" system, a single utterance read-style speech task, the proposed approach achieves an absolute reduction in OOD detection errors of up to 8.1 points (40% relative) compared to a baseline method based on the maximum topic classification score. Furthermore, the proposed approach realizes comparable performance to an equivalent system trained on both in-domain and OOD data, while requiring no OOD data during training. We also apply this framework to the "machine-aided-dialogue" corpus, a spontaneous dialogue speech task, and extend the framework in two manners. First, we introduce topic clustering which enables reliable topic confidence scores to be generated even for indistinct utterances, and second, we implement methods to effectively incorporate dialogue context. Integration of these two methods into the proposed framework significantly improves OOD detection performance, achieving a further reduction in equal error rate (EER) of 7.9 points