gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial sound generation and perception by amplitude panning techniques (2001)

Spatial audio aims to recreate or synthesize spatial attributes when reproducing audio over loudspeakers or headphones. Such spatial attributes include, for example, locations of perceived sound sources and an auditory sense of space. This thesis focuses on new methods of spatial audio for loudspeaker listening and on measuring the quality of spatial audio by subjective and objective tests.\n\nIn this thesis the vector base amplitude panning (VBAP) method, which is an amplitude panning method to position virtual sources in arbitrary 2-D or 3-D loudspeaker setups, is introduced. In amplitude panning the same sound signal is applied to a number of loudspeakers with appropriate non-zero amplitudes. With 2-D setups VBAP is a reformulation of the existing pair-wise panning method. However, differing from earlier solutions it can be generalized for 3-D loudspeaker setups as a triplet-wise panning method. A sound signal is then applied to one, two, or three loudspeakers simultaneously. VBAP has certain advantages compared to earlier virtual source positioning methods in arbitrary layouts. Previous methods either used all loudspeakers to produce virtual sources, which results in some artefacts, or they used loudspeaker triplets with a non-generalizable 2-D user interface.\n\nThe virtual sources generated with VBAP are investigated. The human directional hearing is simulated with a binaural auditory model adapted from the literature. The interaural time difference (ITD) cue and the interaural level difference (ILD) cue which are the main localization cues are simulated for amplitude-panned virtual sources and for real sources. Psychoacoustic listening tests are conducted to study the subjective quality of virtual sources. Statistically significant phenomena found in listening test data are explained by auditory model simulation results. To obtain a generic view of directional quality in arbitrary loudspeaker setups, directional cues are simulated for virtual sources with loudspeaker pairs and triplets in various setups.\n\nThe directional qualities of virtual sources generated with VBAP can be stated as follows. Directional coordinates used for this purpose are the angle between a position vector and the median plane (θcc), and the angle between a projection of a position vector to the median plane and frontal direction (Φcc). The perceived θcc direction of a virtual source coincides well with the VBAP panning direction when a loudspeaker set is near the median plane. When the loudspeaker set is moved towards a side of a listener, the perceived θcc direction is biased towards the median plane. The perceived Φcc direction of an amplitude-panned virtual source is individual and cannot be predicted with any panning law.
Repetitive Motion Disorders: The Design of Optimal Rate-Rest Profiles (1993)

Repetitive motion disorders of the upper extremities are the primary cause of lost time in hand-intensive industries. Typical remedies include the introduction of job aids and the redesign of the job. An alternative approach is considered here. Procedures are developed that can be used to determine the parameters of a job (e.g., the rate of work and the number and duration of the rest breaks) that minimize repetitive motion disorders and maximize productivity. It is shown that in theory the job parameters can be set so that one can achieve not only a decrease in repetitive motion disorders but also an increase in productivity. The application of the procedures to an actual manufacturing job requiring high-repetitive, highforce hand motions is discussed in detail
The problem with dengue (2005)

During the second half of the twentieth century dengue became the most widespread vector-borne viral disease of humans with current estimates of between 50 and 100 million cases of dengue fever per annum worldwide. Of these cases 500000 develop into the severe forms of the disease: dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Moreover the frequency of epidemics involving more than one serotype (hyperendemicity) has increased. This situation was probably initiated by the economic disruption and human population migration during and immediately after the Second World War which spread the main mosquito vector of dengue (Aedes aegypti) beyond its usual geographical locations and also resulted in the reintroduction of disease into some areas. The spread of dengue was further enhanced during the following decades by the rapid increase in air travel further population dislocations uncontrolled urbanization and population growth substandard housing and continual poor public health measures in many endemic countries. (excerpt)
Chemokine receptor antagonists: part 2 (2009)

Chemokine receptor antagonists have found mixed success as therapeutics. Although one antagonist--maraviroc, a CCR5 inhibitor to treat AIDS--has been registered as an approved drug, this is the only success so far. There have been many failures in the clinic and we discuss the idea of promiscuous receptor antagonists as an alternative approach.
Effects of MYBPC3 loss-of-function mutations preceding hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2019)

Mutations in cardiac myosin binding protein C (MyBP-C, encoded by MYBPC3) are the most common cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Most MYBPC3 mutations result in premature termination codons (PTCs) that cause RNA degradation and a reduction of MyBP-C in HCM patient hearts. However, a reduction in MyBP-C has not been consistently observed in MYBPC3-mutant induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (iPSCMs). To determine early MYBPC3 mutation effects, we used patient and genome-engineered iPSCMs. iPSCMs with frameshift mutations were compared with iPSCMs with MYBPC3 promoter and translational start site deletions, revealing that allelic loss of function is the primary inciting consequence of mutations causing PTCs. Despite a reduction in wild-type mRNA in all heterozygous iPSCMs, no reduction in MyBP-C protein was observed, indicating protein-level compensation through what we believe is a previously uncharacterized mechanism. Although homozygous mutant iPSCMs exhibited contractile dysregulation, heterozygous mutant iPSCMs had normal contractile function in the context of compensated MyBP-C levels. Agnostic RNA-Seq analysis revealed differential expression in genes involved in protein folding as the only dysregulated gene set. To determine how MYBPC3-mutant iPSCMs achieve compensated MyBP-C levels, sarcomeric protein synthesis and degradation were measured with stable isotope labeling. Heterozygous mutant iPSCMs showed reduced MyBP-C synthesis rates but a slower rate of MyBP-C degradation. These findings indicate that cardiomyocytes have an innate capacity to attain normal MyBP-C stoichiometry despite MYBPC3 allelic loss of function due to truncating mutations. Modulating MyBP-C degradation to maintain MyBP-C protein levels may be a novel treatment approach upstream of contractile dysfunction for HCM.
Comparison of the effects of laser, ultrasound, and combined laser + ultrasound treatments in experimental tendon healing (2004)

Although US, L, and combined US + L treatments increased tendon healing biochemically and biomechanically more than the control groups, no statistically significant difference was found between them. Also we did not find significantly more cumulative positive effects of combined treatment. As a result, both of these physical modalities can be used successfully in the treatment of tendon healing.
Connexin mimetic peptides reversibly inhibit Ca2+signaling through gap junctions in airway cells (2000)

The effect of peptides with sequences derived from connexins, the constituent proteins of gap junctions, on mechanically stimulated intercellular Ca(2+) signaling in tracheal airway epithelial cells was studied. Three peptides with sequences corresponding to connexin extracellular loop regions reversibly restricted propagation of Ca(2+) waves to neighboring cells. Recovery of communication began within 10 min of removal of the peptides, with inhibition totally reversed by 20-40 min. The peptides were shown to be more effective in inhibiting Ca(2+) waves than glycyrrhetinic acid or oleamide. Inhibition of intercellular Ca(2+) waves by connexin mimetic peptides did not affect the Ca(2+) response to extracellular ATP. Although the intracellular Ca(2+) response of tracheal epithelial cells to ATP was greatly reduced by either pretreatment with high doses of ATP or application of apyrase, mechanically stimulated intercellular Ca(2+) signaling was not affected by these agents. We conclude that connexin mimetic peptides are effective and reversible inhibitors of gap junctional communication of physiologically significant molecules that underlie Ca(2+) wave propagation in tracheal epithelial cells and propose a potential mechanism for the mode of action of mimetic peptides.
Oligosaccharide Sequence of Human Breast Cancer Cell Heparan Sulfate with High Affinity for Laminin (1998)

Laminin-1 is a basement membrane glycoprotein implicated in tumor-host adhesion, which involves the cell-binding domain(s) of laminin-1 and tumor cell surface heparan sulfate (HS). The specific tumor cell surface HS oligosaccharide sequences that are necessary for binding to laminin-1 have not been characterized. To identify this laminin-binding oligosaccharide sequence, GlcNSO4-rich oligosaccharides terminating with [3H]2,5-anhydromannitol (AManR) residues were isolated from human breast cancer cell (MCF-7)-derived HS through hydrazinolysis/high pH (4.0) nitrous acid treatment/[3H]NaBH4 reduction. These oligosaccharides were chromatographed on a laminin-1 affinity column. A high affinity dodecasaccharide was isolated and characterized. Disaccharide analysis yielded IdoA(2-SO4) --> AManR(6-SO4) as the only disaccharide upon treatment of this dodecasaccharide with nitrous acid at low pH (1.5). The sequence of laminin-binding high affinity oligosaccharide is therefore [IdoA(2-SO4) --> GlcNSO4(6-SO4)]5[IdoA(2-SO4) --> AManR(6-SO4)]. Low affinity dodecasaccharides composed of [IdoA(2-SO4) --> GlcNSO4(6-SO4)]5, [IdoA(2-SO4) --> GlcNSO4] were also isolated by laminin-1 affinity chromatography. Molecular modeling studies indicate that a heparin-binding peptide sequence corresponding to amino acid residues 3010-3031 (KQNCLSSRASFRGCVRNLRLSR) in the G domain of laminin-1, modeled as a right-handed alpha-helix, carries an array of basic residues well placed to bind to clusters of sulfate groups on the high affinity dodecasaccharide.
Radio frequency electromagnetic exposure: Tutorial review on experimental dosimetry (1996)

Radio frequency (RF) dosimetry is the quantification of the magnitude and distribution of absorbed electromagnetic energy within biological objects that are exposed to RF fields. At RF, the dosimetric quantity, which is called the specific absorption rate (SAR), is defined as the rate at which energy is absorbed per unit mass. The SAR is determined not only by the incident electromagnetic waves but also by the electrical and geometric characteristics of the irradiated subject and nearby objects. It is related to the internal electric field strength (E) as well as to the electric conductivity and the density of tissues; therefore, it is a suitable dosimetric parameter, even when a mechanism is determined to be "athermal." SAR distributions are usually determined from measurements in human models, in animal tissues, or from calculations. This tutorial describes experimental techniques that are used commonly to determine SAR distributions along with the SAR limitations and unresolved problems. The methods discussed to obtain point, planar, or whole-body averaged SARs include the use of small E-field probes or measurement of initial rate of temperature rise in an irradiated object.
Differential inhibitory effects of indomethacin, dexamethasone, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on IL-11 production by rheumatoid synovial cells (1998)

IL-11, a member of the IL-6 type cytokines, has some biological activity related to the joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), such as induction of osteoclast differentiation. However, its expression and regulation in rheumatoid inflamed joints has not been clarified. In the present study we examined the capacity of fresh rheumatoid synovial cells (fresh RSC) to produce IL-11, and the effect of indomethacin, dexamethasone and IFN-gamma on IL-11 production. Fresh RSC obtained from eight patients with RA produced large amounts of IL-11, measured by ELISA, and showed strong expression of IL-11 mRNA, determined by Northern blotting. Indomethacin inhibited the production of IL-11 by about 55%. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) completely prevented the inhibition, suggesting that IL-11 production by fresh RSC was in part mediated by PGE2. Dexamethasone inhibited the production of IL-11 by more than 80%. Interestingly, the inhibition was not abolished by PGE2. IFN-gamma inhibited the production of IL-11 from IL-1alpha-stimulated cultured rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts, although IFN-gamma did not inhibit the production of IL-11 by fresh RSC. These results suggest that the production of IL-11 by rheumatoid synovia was differentially regulated by PGE2 and IFN-gamma, and that treatment with indomethacin or dexamethasone decreased the level of IL-11 at inflammatory joints in patients with RA.
Efficacy of sacral neuromodulation in treatment of bladder pain syndrome: Long‐term follow‐up (2011)

Abstract Aims This study was sought to evaluate the efficacy and durability of sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of bladder pain syndrome (BPS) patients. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of patients who had unilateral sacral nerve stimulator (InterStim®) for refractory BPS between June 2002 and December 2004. Patients were qualified for permanent implantation by showing ≥50% improvement in their bladder pain and voiding symptoms 1‐week post‐percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE). Voiding diary was completed at pre‐implantation, 1 year, and on the last visit. Urinary distress inventory short form was completed pre‐implantation and on the last visit. Bladder pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale. Primary outcome was improvement in bladder pain. Differences among groups were compared by one‐way ANOVA and t ‐test. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results Twenty‐one female patients diagnosed with BPS had PNE; 11 patients (52%) showed ≥50% improvement in their bladder pain and voiding symptoms and they consider candidates for permanent implantation (Table I ), while 10 patients (48%) failed to show 50% improvement in their voiding symptoms or bladder pain (Table II ). In those 11 patients who underwent permanent implantation, the average patient's age was 44.3 ± 8.9 years; average time since diagnosis was 3 ±0.8 years; the average follow‐ up was 71.5 ± 9.3 months (Table III ). There was significant improvement in the bladder pain and voiding parameters at 1‐year follow‐up, which was maintained at 5‐year follow‐up. There was continuous improvement in urgency (1.2 ± 0.68) at 1‐year follow‐up, and (0.98 ± 0.72) at the last visit. Average voided volume was also continuously improved from 242 ± 62.7 ml at 1‐year follow‐up to 276 ± 64.7 ml on the last visit. Conclusion Sacral neuromodulation as part of multimodal treatment provides an effective long‐term treatment option for sub‐group of refractory BPS. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1271–1275, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calcium responses of endothelial cell monolayers subjected to pulsatile and steady laminar flow differ (1995)

The vascular endothelium is the primary transducer of hemodynamically imposed mechanochemical events. In this study, we measured the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) using the fluorescent probe fura 2 and ratiometric digital imaging in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) subjected to various laminar flow patterns. These were steady shear stress (0.2-70 dyn/cm2) and three types of sinusoidal pulsatile shear stress (nonreversing: 40 +/- 20 dyn/cm2; reversing: 20 +/- 40 dyn/cm2; and purely oscillatory: 0 +/- 20 dyn/cm2; flow frequencies: 0.4, 1.0, and 2.0 Hz) in a serum-containing medium. The most dramatic finding was failure of a purely oscillatory flow to increase [Ca2+]i in BAEC monolayers. In contrast, steady flow, as well as nonreversing and reversing pulsatile flows, increased [Ca2+]i. The dynamics of the response were dependent on the flow pattern. Both internal Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ entry were involved in these [Ca2+]i increases. Also, switching from either a steady nonreversing pulsatile or reversing pulsatile flow back to a static condition resulted in a [Ca2+]i increase. However, switching from an oscillatory flow to a static condition did not induce any changes in average [Ca2+]i. This study shows that endothelial cells are able to sense different flow environments in terms of [Ca2+]i signaling and is relevant to further studies of the influence of hemodynamic forces on vascular pathophysiology.
Specificity of inhibition of adenosine deaminase by trialcohols derived from nucleosides (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpecificity of inhibition of adenosine deaminase by trialcohols derived from nucleosidesRalph R. Rossi and Leon M. LernerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 5, 457–460Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00263a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00263a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation and characterization of mutants constitutive for expression of the fbp1 gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (1990)

Abstract Transcription of the fbp1 gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, encoding fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, is glucose repressible. We have constructed two hybrid genes, containing the fbp1 promoter, that allow selection for mutations that alter transcriptional regulation of fbp1. Strains carrying fbp1-ura4 and fbp1-lacZ fusions are phenotypically Ura-, resistant to 5-fluoro-orotic acid, and express a low level of beta-galactosidase activity when grown under repressing conditions (8% glucose). By selecting for Ura+ strains grown under repressing conditions, we have isolated 187 independent mutants that constitutively express the fbp1-ura4 fusion. These mutants identify ten complementation groups that represent ten unlinked git (glucose insensitive transcription) genes. The git gene products are required in trans for glucose repression of expression from the fbp1 promoter since these mutations also alter expression of the fbp1-lacZ fusion. We have shown that transcription of the wild type fbp1 gene in most git mutants is elevated to a level consistent with the increased expression of the fbp1-lacZ hybrid gene. Mutations in some git genes confer additional phenotypes such as slow growth, temperature-sensitive lethality and reduced spore viability. Therefore, some of these genes are likely to encode factors that are of general importance for S. pombe transcription.
Continuous Monitoring for Airborne Alpha Emitters in a Dusty Environment (1988)

Disposal of radioactive wastes in underground facilities requires continuous monitoring for airborne radioactive materials, both on the surface and underground. In addition to a natural background of nonradioactive and radioactive aerosols, there may be a sizeable dust contribution from ongoing work such as mining and vehicular traffic. In the monitoring of alpha-emitting radionuclides, these aerosols may lead to self-absorption in the source and a deterioration of the energy spectrum of the detected alpha particles. In this paper, the influence of a realistic background aerosol on the performance of an alpha monitoring system is evaluated theoretically. It is shown that depositing alpha emitters and background aerosol on a surface for counting leads rapidly to a considerable loss of counts, a deterioration of the alpha spectra, an eventual saturation of the count rates, and interference from the natural background of Rn daughters.
First confirmed report of downy mildew caused by Hyaloperonospora parasitica on broccoli in Korea (2008)

In January 2007, broccoli plants (Brassica oleracea var. italica) showing symptoms of downy mildew were found in Jeju, the chief producing area in Korea. Broccoli growers report that downy mildew is the only disease of economic importance in their greenhouses, occasionally resulting in 100% loss of yield. Initial symptoms were irregular yellow-green spots on upper leaf surfaces and white fluffy growth underneath. Floral heads developed pale brown or greyish discoloration. Systemic infections caused internal dark grey to black spots and streaks in stems and floret branches. These internal symptoms are found only in broccoli and cauliflower, not in other brassicaceous crops. A sample was deposited in the herbarium of Korea University (Acc. No. KUS-F22524). The conidiophores were hyaline, 310–520 × 10–20 µm, monopodially branched 4–7 times. The ultimate branchlets were usually strongly curved, 20–42 µm long, 2–3 µm wide at the base. Conidia were hyaline and measured 23·3–31·2 × 20–27·5 µm (length/width = 1·0–1·22). This fungus was concordant with known characteristics of Hyaloperonospora parasitica (syn. Peronospora parasitica, Constantinescu & Fatehi, 2002). The amplification and sequencing of the ITS rDNA were performed with procedures outlined by Cooke et al. (2000), and the sequence deposited in GenBank (Acc. No. EU137726). Comparison of the ITS sequences in the GenBank database revealed that it was identical to H. parasitica found on Brassica campestris (AY210985, AY210986), and shows only one base pair substitution with one on B. napus subsp. napus (AY531407, AY531409). Hyaloperonospora parasitica (Peronospora parasitica) has a world-wide distribution and is an important pathogen of numerous crop hosts. In Korea, H. parasitica has previously been recorded on various brassicaceous plants including Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis and B. juncea (Cho & Shin, 2004). Due to the recent taxonomic revision of the Peronospora, this is the first confirmed record of this pathogen from broccoli. Downy mildew of broccoli has previously been reported in Australia, Brazil, Canada, and USA. To our knowledge, this is only the second record of a downy mildew on broccoli in East Asia, the first being from Japan in 1991 (Satou et al., 1991). Commercial cultivation of broccoli in East Asia started in Japan in the 1980s and has expanded to Korea and China in the 2000s. Broccoli downy mildew appears to be spreading in Asian countries.