gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth Inhibition to Enhance Conformal Coverage in Thin Film Chemical Vapor Deposition (2008)

We introduce the use of a growth inhibitor to enhance thin film conformality in low temperature chemical vapor deposition. Films of TiB(2) grown from the single source precursor Ti(BH(4))(3)(dme) are much more highly conformal when grown in the presence of one of the film growth byproducts, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (dme). This effect can be explained in terms of two alternative inhibitory mechanisms: one involving blocking of surface reactive sites, which is equivalent to reducing the rate of the forward reaction leading to film growth, the other analogous to Le Chatelier's principle, in which the addition of a reaction product increases the rate of the back reaction. The reduction in growth rate corresponds to a reduction in the sticking probability of the precursor, which enhances conformality by enabling the precursor to diffuse deeper into a recessed feature before it reacts.
Brain Damage After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2002)

Postoperative impairment in neuropsychological test performance is associated with a transient metabolic neuronal disturbance. Focal ischemic lesions after CABG are more frequent than the apparent neurological complication rate; however, they are not related to the diffuse postoperative encephalopathy.
'Lessons from the Cyberspace Classroom: The Realities of Online Teaching' by R.M. PAllof & Keith Pratt (2001)

No abstract available.
Pegylated interferon-α2b: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and preliminary efficacy data (2000)

Pegylated and nonpegylated interferon-alpha2b safety and pharmacodynamic profiles were comparable. Pegylated interferon-alpha2b demonstrated delayed clearance compared with nonpegylated interferon-alpha2b, consistent with once-weekly administration.
Discovery of a Potent Inhibitor of the Antiapoptotic Protein Bcl-x L from NMR and Parallel Synthesis (2005)

The antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-x(L) and Bcl-2 play key roles in the maintenance of normal cellular homeostasis. However, their overexpression can lead to oncogenic transformation and is responsible for drug resistance in certain types of cancer. This makes Bcl-x(L) and Bcl-2 attractive targets for the development of potential anticancer agents. Here we describe the structure-based discovery of a potent Bcl-x(L) inhibitor directed at a hydrophobic groove on the surface of the protein. This groove represents the binding site for BH3 peptides from proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members such as Bak and Bad. Application of NMR-based screening yielded an initial biaryl acid with an affinity (K(d)) of approximately 300 microM for the protein. Following the classical "SAR by NMR" approach, a second-site ligand was identified that bound proximal to the first-site ligand in the hydrophobic groove. From NMR-based structural studies and parallel synthesis, a potent ligand was obtained, which binds to Bcl-x(L) with an inhibition constant (K(i)) of 36 +/- 2 nM.
Neutralizing antibodies against the preactive form of respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein offer unique possibilities for clinical intervention (2012)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most important viral agent of pediatric respiratory infections worldwide. The only specific treatment available today is a humanized monoclonal antibody (Palivizumab) directed against the F glycoprotein, administered prophylactically to children at very high risk of severe hRSV infections. Palivizumab, as most anti-F antibodies so far described, recognizes an epitope that is shared by the two conformations in which hRSV_F can fold, the metastable prefusion form and the highly stable postfusion conformation. We now describe a unique class of antibodies specific for the prefusion form of this protein that account for most of the neutralizing activity of either a rabbit serum raised against a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing hRSV_F or a human Ig preparation (Respigam), which was used for prophylaxis before Palivizumab. These antibodies therefore offer unique possibilities for immune intervention against hRSV, and their production should be assessed in trials of hRSV vaccines.
Primitive components (2009)

This paper describes an approach to enhance flexibility in Aspect Oriented Software Development that targets black box software components. To this end, a new model which we call Primitive Components is presented. These software components are finest grained black box software modules. Primitive Components are generated by a proposed tool from standard binaries. In this paper, the concept is presented and evaluated to find directions for future work. Finally the results of the evaluation are discussed.
Sonic hedgehog restricts adhesion and migration of neural crest cells independently of the Patched- Smoothened-Gli signaling pathway (2001)

In the vertebrate embryo, neural cell types are organized spatially along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube and differ by expression of cell-intrinsic determinants and by their adhesive and locomotory properties. Thus, dorsally, neural crest cells (NCC) show a strong propensity to disperse and migrate, whereas cells situated ventrally are highly cohesive and poorly motile. Members of the bone morphogenetic proteins have been shown to exert a dual role in the specification of dorsal neuroepithelial cells and in the dispersion of NCCs. To test whether Sonic hedgehog (Shh), another signaling molecule involved in the patterning of the ventral neural tube, might also contribute to the control of the adhesive and migratory potential of neuroepithelial cells, we analyzed the effect of ectopic Shh on NCC dispersion from neural tube explants cultured in vitro. The addition of Shh to the migration substrate of NCC caused inhibition of their dispersion. The effect of Shh on cell migration was reversible and was not accounted for by alterations of the specification, delamination, proliferation, and survival of NCCs but could be essentially attributed to a decreased cell-substrate adhesion mediated by integrins. In addition, Shh activity on cell migration was mediated by a specific N-terminal region of the molecule and was independent from the signaling cascade elicited by the Patched-Smoothened receptor and involving the Gli transcription factors. Our study therefore reveals an unanticipated role for Shh in regulating adhesion and migration of neuroepithelial cells that is discernable from its inductive, mitogenic, and trophic functions.
Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy with C225 and cisplatin in patients with head and neck cancer. (2001)

C225, a human-mouse chimerized monoclonal antibody directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr), has a synergistic effect with cisplatin in xenograft models. To determine the tumor EGFr saturation dose with C225 and the fate of infused C225, we conducted a Phase Ib study with C225 in combination with cisplatin in patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Using tumor samples, we assessed tumor EGFr saturation by antibody using immunohistochemistry studies, the EGFr tyrosine kinase assay, and detection of the EGFr/C225 complex formation by immunoblot. Potential candidates were screened for EGFr expression in their tumors, and 12 patients who had high levels of EGFr expression and tumors easily accessible for repeated biopsies (pretherapy, 24 h after first C225 infusion, 24 h before third C225 infusion) were entered at three different dose levels of C225 with a fixed dose of cisplatin. The median value of tumor EGFr saturation increased to 95% at the higher dose levels. EGFr tyrosine kinase activity was significantly reduced after C225 infusion, and EGFr/C225 complexes were also detected at higher doses of C225. The loading dose of C225 at 400 mg/m(2) with a maintenance dose at 250 mg/m(2) achieved a high percentage of saturation of EGFr in tumor tissue, and these doses were recommended for Phases II or III clinical trials. Six (67%) of nine evaluable patients achieved major responses, including two (22%) complete responses. Mild to moderate degrees of allergic reaction and folliculitis-like skin reactions were demonstrated. We conclude that infused C225 binds and significantly saturates tumor EGFr, which may render a high degree of antitumor activity, and provides a novel mechanism for targeting cancer therapy for patients who have EGFr expression in their tumors.
Development of quantitative PCR methods to analyse neural progenitor cell culture state (2006)

Stem cells have significant potential for tissue engineering and regeneration, and neural stem and progenitor cells have proven promising for neuroregeneration in numerous animal disease and injury models. However, improved approaches must be developed to culture, expand and control the cells. Therefore the development of enhanced methods to quantify cell differentiation would significantly aid both in the basic investigation of cell-fate control mechanisms and in the optimization and validation of cell culture and expansion conditions. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR methods were developed to quantify cell differentiation state by monitoring the expression of several cell-lineage-specific markers. These methods provide more rapid and readily quantitative results when compared with immunostaining. These methods were also applied in a preliminary investigation of cell-culture conditions, and it was found that regular feeding of cells with fresh medium is necessary to maintain them in an undifferentiated and highly proliferative state. The present study may aid both basic efforts to study the control of neural stem and progenitor differentiation as well as endeavours to optimize cell culture and expansion conditions for biomedical applications.
Combination therapy with interferon alfa-2a and interleukin-2 for the treatment of metastatic cancer. (1995)

Based on these findings, we conclude that further studies of this combination treatment are not warranted.
Amplification of genes for chorion proteins during oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster (1980)

The endochorion and exochorion of Drosophila eggs are synthesized by the ovarian follicle cells during a brief period of about 5 hr. In this terminal phase of egg chamber development, the structural genes for several abundant chorion proteins are expressed at high levels according to a temporally regulated program. The female-sterile mutation ocelliless maps at the site of the genes for two of these proteins, the 36,000- and 38,000-dalton chorion proteins (c36 and c38), which are closely linked. The mutation results in a cis-acting reduction in the amounts of c36 and c38 that accumulate in late-stage egg chambers. We have investigated the mechanism that underlies this decreased production by using cDNA clones complementary to these gene sequences. Unexpectedly, it was found that, in normal females, the genes for c36, c38, and at least one other chorion protein are specifically amplified more than 10-fold in the DNA of late-stage egg chambers. The extra replication involves at least some adjacent chromosomal sequences and begins prior to the onset of mRNA and protein synthesis. The additional DNA remains stable after gene expression has ceased. The behavior of these genes is thus reminiscent of the properties of the DNA puffs that have been described in several groups of Diptera. The extent of amplification of c36 and c38, but not of the 18,000-dalton chorion protein c18 (which is unlinked), was decreased in the egg chambers of flies homozygous for ocelliless, suggesting that altered gene dosage may be responsible for the decreased synthesis of chorion proteins in the mutant.
Association Between Cerebral Ischemia and Cytotoxin-Associated Gene-A–Bearing Strains of Helicobacter pylori (2004)

Our results support the hypothesis of an association between infection with CagA-positive H. pylori strains and acute cerebral ischemia.
Use of Hydrogen Bonds to Control Molecular Aggregation. Behavior of Dipyridones and Pyridone-Pyrimidones Designed To Form Cyclic Triplexes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of Hydrogen Bonds to Control Molecular Aggregation. Behavior of Dipyridones and Pyridone-Pyrimidones Designed To Form Cyclic TriplexesEric Boucher, Michel Simard, and James D. WuestCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5, 1408–1412Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00110a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00110a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1074Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
FRAGILE FIBER3 , an Arabidopsis Gene Encoding a Type II Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase, Is Required for Secondary Wall Synthesis and Actin Organization in Fiber Cells (2004)

Type II inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5PTases) in yeast and animals have been known to regulate the level of phosphoinositides and thereby influence various cellular activities, such as vesicle trafficking and actin organization. In plants, little is known about the phosphatases involved in hydrolysis of phosphoinositides, and roles of type II 5PTases in plant cellular functions have not yet been characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that the FRAGILE FIBER3 (FRA3) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, which encodes a type II 5PTase, plays an essential role in the secondary wall synthesis in fiber cells and xylem vessels. The fra3 mutations caused a dramatic reduction in secondary wall thickness and a concomitant decrease in stem strength. These phenotypes were associated with an alteration in actin organization in fiber cells. Consistent with the defective fiber and vessel phenotypes, the FRA3 gene was found to be highly expressed in fiber cells and vascular tissues in stems. The FRA3 protein is composed of two domains, an N-terminal localized WD-repeat domain and a C-terminal localized 5PTase catalytic domain. In vitro activity assay demonstrated that recombinant FRA3 exhibited phosphatase activity toward PtdIns(4,5)P2, PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, and Ins(1,4,5)P3, with the highest substrate affinity toward PtdIns(4,5)P2. The fra3 missense mutation, which caused an amino acid substitution in the conserved motif II of the 5PTase catalytic domain, completely abolished the FRA3 phosphatase activity. Moreover, the endogenous levels of PtdIns(4,5)2 and Ins(1,4,5)P3 were found to be elevated in fra3 stems. Together, our findings suggest that the FRA3 type II 5PTase is involved in phosphoinositide metabolism and influences secondary wall synthesis and actin organization.
Expression of polypeptide variants of receptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatase β: The secreted form, phosphacan, increases dramatically during embryonic development and modulates glial cell behavior in vitro (1996)

Glial cells express three splicing variants of a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase called RPTPβ. Two are receptor forms that differ in a large extracellular domain. The third is a secreted proteoglycan called phosphacan that lacks the cytoplasmic phosphatase domains. We have now identified, by immunoblotting, proteins corresponding to these three forms of RPTPβ in rat C6 glioma cells and brain. The short receptor form is much more prevalent than the full-length receptor in C6 glioma cells. Phosphacan is much more abundant than either of the receptor forms in rat brain, and its expression increases progressively during embryonic development, while the receptor forms show only moderate changes. In contrast to the long form and phosphacan that were detected as proteoglycans, the short receptor form, lacking the large alternatively spliced domain, was not detected as a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. We recently showed that phosphacan binds to the neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule, Ng-CAM, and we now report that glia expressing RPTPβ adhere and extend processes on substrates coated with Ng-CAM. After one day in culture, however, the glia retract their processes and often lift off the substrate. Conditioned medium from glial cells, which contains large amounts of phosphacan, inhibits glial adhesion to Ng-CAM, and depletion of phosphacan from the conditioned medium by immunoadsorption reduces the inhibitory activity. The results show that phosphacan increases dramatically during development, and indicate that secreted forms of RPTPβ can modulate glial cell adhesion and behavior. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Negative Regulation of T Cell Receptor–Lipid Raft Interaction by Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–associated Antigen 4 (2003)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an essential negative regulator of T cell activation. Recent evidence suggests that CTLA-4 association with the immunological synapse during contact with antigen-presenting cells is important for its inhibitory function. In the present study, we observed a direct interaction of CTLA-4 with the phosphorylated form of T cell receptor (TCR)zeta within the glycolipid-enriched microdomains associated with the T cell signaling complex. In this setting, CTLA-4 regulated the accumulation/retention of TCRzeta in the signaling complex, as the lipid raft fractions from CTLA-4KO T cells contained significantly higher amounts of the TCR components when compared with wild-type littermates. In contrast, coligation of CTLA-4 with the TCR during T cell activation selectively decreased the amount of TCRzeta that accumulated in the rafts. These results suggest that CTLA-4 functions to regulate T cell signaling by controlling TCR accumulation and/or retention within this a critical component of the immunological synapse.
Vaccinia virus induces cellular mRNA degradation (1983)

The infection of mouse L cells with vaccinia virus induced a rapid inhibition of cellular polypeptide synthesis and a diversion of protein synthesis to the exclusive production of viral polypeptides. This shutoff of cell-specific protein synthesis was achieved by a novel mechanism by which the virus induced the rapid degradation of cellular mRNAs. Concurrent with the degradation of cellular mRNA, the virus proceeds in the orderly temporal expression of its own genetic information. The effect of vaccinia virus infection upon two abundant L-cell mRNAs was assessed by using the highly conserved cDNA sequences that encode chicken beta-actin and rat alpha-tubulin. Hybridization analyses demonstrated that throughout infection there is a rapid and progressive degradation of both of these mRNAs. In fact, after 3 h of infection they are reduced to less than 50% of their concentration in uninfected L cells, and between 8 to 10 h they are almost entirely degraded. This observation explains in part the mechanism by which vaccinia virus inhibits host cell protein synthesis.
Two-photon pumped upconverted lasing in dye doped polymer waveguides (1993)

The first measurements of two-photon pumped upconverted lasing in a waveguide is reported. Nonlinear dependence of the upconversion signal on the square of the input pump intensity and associated spectral narrowing was experimentally observed in dye-doped polymer waveguides. The pump wavelength was 736 nm and the center of the lasing spectrum was 570 nm. The spectra shows excitonlike features at 630 and 654 nm not seen in the absorption spectrum.
A Cyclic Voltammetric Study of the Gold‐Oxygen System (1984)

Cyclic voltammograms were obtained on gold bead microelectrodes in and solutions as a function of the sweep rate and the potential range scanned. It is found that and are very slightly absorbed on Au and that neither is dissolved in the bulk metal. As a result, Au makes a more stable indicator electrode than Pt, which does dissolve oxygen. It is the formation of this Pt‐O alloy that necessitates a prepolarization of Pt before a steady‐state cyclic voltammogram is obtained. It is noted that all contamination of Au with noble metals must be rigorously avoided.
Quantification of the components of the Iraqi Chicken wet egg yolk, and characterization of Lecithin. (2014)

The target of this study is to determine the Iraqi wet egg yolk constituents, and to characterize the Lecithin of this wet egg yolk. The protein of Egg yolk was extracted using and was to be (55.27 %) while water content represent (25 %). Oil content was (13.23 %) isolated from the remaining egg yolk using acetone according to AOCS Official Method Ja 4-46 [1]. Finally Lecithin content was (22.4 %). Pure Lecithin was characterized by FT-IR, U.V-Vis. Analysis, and Powder X-ray diffraction. Keywords : Wet Egg Yolk, characterization, Lecithin, Quantification, Iraqi Chicken.
Flavopiridol (L86 8275; NSC 649890), a new kinase inhibitor for tumor therapy (1996)

Flavopiridol is a new synthetic flavone, structurally related to a natural alkaloid, originally purified from Dysoxylum binectariferum, a plant indigenous to India and used in Indian folk medicine. Flavopiridol was detected by a tandem screening system consisting in inhibition of the EGF-receptor Tyrosine phosphokinase and cytotoxicity. As a cytostatic mechanism, however, Flavopiridol strongly inhibits the cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk1, cdk2, cdk4, cdk7), with the potential to cause inhibition of cell cycle progression in G(1) and G(2) by multiple mechanisms relatable to cdk inhibition. In certain cell types, Flavopiridol induces apoptosis. The antitumor activity of that compound on human xenograft tumors is similar to standard cytostatic drugs and superior to them at least in prostate carcinoma. The dose limiting toxicity is diarrhea. Compared with other flavonoids or other kinase inhibitors Flavopiridol can be regarded as unique as no other compound is yet known that as specifically and potently inhibits nearly all the main cyclin dependent kinases and by that mechanisms can arrest cell cycle progression in G(1) as well as in G(2) and no other specific kinase inhibitor is known, which after i.v. or oral application reduces the growth of subcutaneous or subrenal xenografts of human tumors of different types. Initial results of a phase I study at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA, (Investigational New Drug Application no. 46211) provided some clinical and laboratory evidence for antineoplastic effect at nontoxic doses (no grade IV toxicities encountered). Thus, Flavopiridol is clearly in need of further clinical evaluation of its tumor therapeutic potential. In this review the chemical profile, tumorpharmacology (in vitro activity, inhibition of cdk's and preclinical in vivo activity), preclinical toxicology and pharmacokinetic of Flavopiridol are reviewed to provide a comprehensive source to aid further developmental efforts.
Outcomes of LASIK for Myopia With FDA-Approved Lasers (2007)

LASIK provides excellent visual acuity and refractive error outcomes. Night vision and dryness symptoms still occur in a significant proportion of patients. Future studies should seek to determine whether additional changes in technology, patient selection criteria, or postoperative treatment could reduce or eliminate these symptoms.