gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of human recombinant, plasma-derived and porcine von Willebrand factor in pigs with severe von Willebrand disease (1998)

The effects of the infusion of a human recombinant von Willebrand factor (vWF) preparation in pigs homozygous for von Willebrand disease (vWD) were evaluated on serial measurements of von Willebrand factor antigen and activity, FVIII activity, vWF multimer analysis, in-vivo bleeding time and platelet adhesion and thrombus formation on collagen at high shear rates in an ex-vivo model of experimental thrombosis. Plasma-derived human and porcine vWF were used for comparison. Before infusion, the pigs were characterized by undetectable plasma vWF levels, a low level of FVIII, prolonged bleeding time, severely impaired platelet adhesion and thrombus formation. After infusion of the human recombinant vWF, in-vivo recovery of vWF activity ranged from 58% to 82%, depending on the dose infused, and its half-life was longer than for the plasma-derived concentrates. The highest-molecular-weight forms of human recombinant vWF were removed from the circulation gradually. Infusion of the three vWF concentrates produced inconsistent effects on bleeding time and moderate improvement of platelet adhesion and thrombus formation. After infusion, a prolonged increase of FVIII (> 48 h) was observed, suggesting that human recombinant vWF is able to bind and to stabilize porcine factor VIII and that porcine vWD is a good model for studying such interactions.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induces Mucin Hypersecretion and MUC-2 Gene Expression by Human Airway Epithelial Cells (1995)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a multifunctional, proinflammatory cytokine that is capable of activating a diverse number of target genes within multiple cell types. Little information is known regarding the role of TNF-alpha in the regulation of human airway mucin hypersecretion and MUC-2 gene expression. To assess the effect of TNF-alpha exposure on mucin secretion, human airway organ cultures and primary cultures of human airway epithelial cells were stimulated with 20 ng/ml of recombinant human TNF-alpha and mucin secretion quantitated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a specific monoclonal antibody directed against human airway mucin. Significant increases in mucin secretion from human airway organ cultures were initially detected at 1 h, peaked at 8 h, and persisted for 24 h. The TNF-alpha-mediated mucin hypersecretion at 8 h was concentration dependent. Significant increases in mucin secretion from primary cultures of human airway epithelial cells were initially detected at 4 h, peaked at 48 h, and persisted for 72 h after stimulation with 20 ng/ml of recombinant human TNF-alpha. The TNF-alpha-mediated mucin hypersecretion at 48 h from primary cultures of human airway epithelial cells was inhibited by coincubation with soluble 55 kD, type I TNF receptors. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and a human pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line (NCI-H292), increases in MUC-2 steady-state mRNA levels were first detectable after 30 min of TNF-alpha stimulation and persisted for 24 h. Cycloheximide did not inhibit TNF-alpha-mediated MUC-2 mRNA expression at 1 h, suggesting that new protein translation was not required.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Induction of Apoptosis in Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells by an Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Targeting the Bcl-2 Coding Sequence (1997)

We have identified a novel antisense ODN sequence (ODN 2009) that effectively reduces the viability of small-cell lung cancer cells by reducing Bcl-2 levels and facilitating apoptosis.
Genetic Diversity in Elite Cotton Germplasm Determined by Morphological Characteristics and RAPDs (1996)

Limited interspecific introgression has been achieved in the breeding of the two primary cultivated species of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.). Genetic diversity of 16 near‐homozygous elite cotton genotypes derived from interspecific hybridization was investigated at the DNA level with the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) procedure and at the phenotypic level with stable and highly heritable morphological characters. Eighty random decamer primers were used to amplify DNA via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 135 RAPDs were generated. Nineteen morphological traits were measured on the genotypes in field experiments in 1992 and 1993. Morphological characters were chosen that easily distinguish typical G. hirsutum (upland cotton) from G. barbadense (Pima cotton). Dendrograms were generated for genetic distance from the RAPDs and average taxonomic distance from the morphological data. Both procedures produced two clusters with one resembling G. hirsutum and one G. barbadense . Classification of all genotypes based on the two methods gave similar results with a correlation of 0.63 between the genetic distance and taxonomic distance. Several genotypes were identified that were genetically and phenotypically distant from typical G. hirsutum and G. barbadense . The level of polymorphism exhibited by these genotypes could be exploited in genetic mapping populations to tag economically important traits, such as fiber quality. These genotypes also could serve as a germplasm source of unique alleles in G. hirsutum that are derived from G. barbadense . This experiment demonstrates for the first time that RAPD analysis can reliably determine genetic relationships within a diverse array of Gossypium germplasm.
A new authentication protocol for roaming users in GSM networks (2003)

Communicating while we are moving has been a desire for a long time. With mobile communication systems, mobile users can make and receive calls while they are moving independent of time, location and network access. One of the most attractive features that came with the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is roaming. Wireless systems are more vulnerable to fraudulent access and eavesdropping. As a remedy for that, GSM gives more importance to the user's privacy and authentication process. Although the process gives a reasonable security level, it overloads the network with significant signaling traffic and increases the call set-up time. The signaling load and the authentication delay are of particular importance and have become the subject of widespread research interest. In this paper, we study and analyze the GSM authentication protocols for roaming users, and propose a new scheme with less signaling traffic and better call set-up time.
Freeze-dried, Capsulized Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Relapsing Clostridium difficile Infection (2015)

Tian, Hongliang PhD; Ding, Chao MD; Gong, Jianfeng MD; Wei, Yao PhD; McFarland, Lynne V. PhD; Li, Ning MD Author Information
Nanopatterning of silicon nanowires for enhancing visible photoluminescence (2012)

Silicon Nanowires prepared by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching have been nanopatterned into periodic and aperiodic array geometries displaying functionality at visible wavelengths using top-down planar processing techniques. Broadband photoluminescense enhancement up to approximately one order of magnitude is measured from golden-angle spiral arrays over a wide parameter space.
An antisuppressor mutation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe affects the post-transcriptional modification of the “wobble” base in the anticodon of tRNAs. (1984)

The screening of antisuppressor mutants of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been successfully accomplished with high resolution liquid chromatographic methods for the analysis of tRNA nucleosides. Antisuppressor mutations reduce or abolish the function of nonsense suppressor-tRNAs or other informational suppressors. Nonradioactive or 35S-labeled unfractionated tRNA from various strains was digested to nucleosides and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The mutant sin3 has lost the nucleoside 5-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-thiouridine from its tRNA in comparison to parental strains. In eukaryotes this nucleoside is found at the first position of the anticodon (wobble position) in several isoacceptor tRNAs that preferentially recognize codons ending with adenosine. The sin3 mutation reduces the efficiency of UGA and UAA suppressor tRNASer and suppressor tRNALeu. The genetic cosegregation of modification loss, antisuppressor phenotype, and a change in cell size is demonstrated. This indicates that a single mutation in the structural gene for a tRNA modification enzyme causes the three different phenotypes.
Survey for rupestris stem-pitting and corky bark diseases of grapevine in the Niagara peninsula, Ontario (1995)

To determine the incidence of rupestris stem-pitting (RSP) and corky bark (CB) diseases in grapevine, dormant wood was collected from ten susceptible varieties from 350 vineyards across the Niagara peninsula. Chipbuds taken from twenty vines of each cultivar available at each site were grafted onto Wtis rupestris St. George for the detection of RSP and onto LN33 to differentiate RSP from CB. The cuttings were rooted, planted in nursery rows and observed over 3 years for the presence of RSP or CB symptoms. The plants were dug in November 1987, trunk sections were peeled, and the wood was examined for the characteristic pitting and grooving of the two diseases. Buds from wood collected in the Niagara vineyards failed to produce disease symptoms on St. George or LN33 typical of RSP or CB. Detailed questionnaires sent to over 350 growers similarly did not identify any significant production losses or dedine in vine vigor which might be attributable to RSP or CB.
Basic fibroblast growth factor: its role in the control of smooth muscle cell migration. (1993)

The formation of an intimal lesion in an injured artery is the consequence of the replication and migration of smooth muscle cells. Recent studies have implicated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as an important mediator of replication in the arterial media, and platelet-derived growth factor as an important mediator of migration. However, the degree of arterial trauma produced during injury has a significant influence on the time of onset of intimal thickening, suggesting that factors released from damaged smooth muscle cells may affect migration. We have investigated the role of one of these factors, bFGF, in smooth muscle cell migration in vivo. We found that 1) deendothelialization of the rat carotid artery results in significantly more migration when it is accompanied by traumatic injury to the underlying smooth muscle; 2) the rate of migration in arteries that have been gently deendothelialized is significantly stimulated by systemic injection of bFGF; and 3) inhibition of bFGF with a blocking antibody significantly reduces the amount of migration after traumatic deendothelializing injury with a balloon catheter. These findings suggest that bFGF plays an important role in the mediation of smooth muscle cell migration after arterial injury.
Immunotherapy with dendritic cells pulsed by autologous dactinomycin-induced melanoma apoptotic bodies for patients with malignant melanoma (2009)

The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy for patients with metastatic melanoma with autologous melanoma apoptotic bodies (MAB)-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs). Accessible tumors from eligible patients with refractory metastatic melanoma were surgically removed and processed for primary culture. The autologous tumor cells were treated with dactinomycin to obtain MAB. To generate DCs, adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in complete medium containing granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4. MAB-pulsed DCs were given either intradermally (i.d.) or intravenously. Patients were immunized at monthly intervals and boosted with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and MAB 2 weeks post-vaccination, with a maximum of four cycles. Of the 10 patients enrolled in this trial, nine were treated with MAB-pulsed DCs; two were given intravenous vaccinations and the other seven were i.d. injected. Mild tenderness in the draining lymph nodes lasting for less than 48 h and enlargement of the draining lymph nodes were noted in all seven i.d. cases. Treatment-related grade 3-4 toxicity, neutropenia, skin ulceration, tumor growth at the injection site, and sepsis were not observed in any of the patients. Delayed-type hypersensitivity to KLH was observed in all patients, whereas no delayed-type hypersensitivity to autologous tumor antigens was observed. One patient achieved partial response with reduction in lung metastatic tumor mass, and a presence of vesicles in the post-vaccination KLH response. Two patients had stable disease for more than 24 months; one was still alive at the time of submission of this report, the other eventually developed multiple metastases. MAB-pulsed DC immunotherapy is well tolerated in patients with malignant melanoma; however, its efficacy is only modest. Combination with other modalities is required to enhance DC-based immunotherapy.
Circulating Tumor Cells Detected by RT-PCR for CK-20 before Surgery Indicate Worse Prognostic Impact in Triple-Negative and HER2 Subtype Breast Cancer (2012)

CK-20 mRNA-positive CTC may lend insight into tumor progression as a prognostic indicator especially in the triple negative and HER2 subtypes of operable breast cancer.
Generation of senescent cell antigen on old cells initiates IgG binding to a neoantigen. (1993)

An aging antigen, senescent cell antigen, resides on the 911 amino acid membrane protein band 3. It marks cells for removal by initiating specific IgG autoantibody binding. Band 3 is a ubiquitous membrane transport protein found in the plasma membrane of diverse cell types and tissues, and in nuclear, mitochondrial and Golgi membranes. Band 3 in tissues such as brain performs the same functions as it does in red cells. Senescent cell antigen is generated on brain membranes. Oxidation is a mechanism for generating senescent cell antigen. Neither cross-linking nor hemoglobin appear to play a role in generating senescent cell antigen. Although storage is the only in vitro model that mimics cellular aging in situ, we have discovered three alterations/mutations of band 3 that permit insight into aging in situ. One mutation with an addition to band 3 has normal or decelerated red cell aging. In contrast, another band 3 alteration with a suspected deletion or substitution that renders band 3 more susceptible to proteolysis, shows accelerated aging. The third alteration which is also more susceptible to proteolysis is associated with neurologic defects. Peptide technology was used to map the aging antigenic sites and anion transport sites on band 3 using a competitive inhibition assay and immunoblotting with IgG directed against the aging antigen on old cells. Results indicate that: a) aging antigenic sites reside on human band 3 residues 538-554, and 812-830; b) a putative ankyrin binding region peptide is not involved in senescent cell antigen activity and c) carbohydrate moieties are not required for the antigenicity or recognition of senescent cell antigen since synthetic peptides alone abolish binding of senescent cell IgG to erythrocytes. Peptide residues 588-594 (a 7 amino acid peptide), 822-839 and 869-883 were the most active inhibitors of anion transport (P < or = 0.001 compared to control without peptide). Localization of the active antigenic and transport sites on band 3 molecule facilitates the definition of molecular changes occurring during aging that initiate molecular as well as cellular degeneration. The role of senescent cell antigen and band 3 in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease is discussed.
Autophagic cell death induced by TrkA receptor activation in human glioblastoma cells (2007)

The neurotrophin receptor tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) and its ligand nerve growth factor (NGF) are expressed in astrocytomas, and an inverse association of TrkA expression with malignancy grade was described. We hypothesized that TrkA expression might confer a growth disadvantage to glioblastoma cells. To analyze TrkA function and signaling, we transfected human TrkA cDNA into the human glioblastoma cell line G55. We obtained three stable clones, all of which responded with striking cytoplasmic vacuolation and subsequent cell death to NGF. Analyzing the mechanism of cell death, we could exclude apoptosis and cellular senescence. Instead, we identified several indications of autophagy: electron microscopy showed typical autophagic vacuoles; acridine orange staining revealed acidic vesicular organelles; acidification of acidic vesicular organelles was prevented using bafilomycin A1; cells displayed arrest in G2/M; increased processing of LC3 occurred; vacuolation was prevented by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine; no caspase activation was detected. We further found that both activation of ERK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase but not p38 were involved in autophagic vacuolation. To conclude, we identified autophagy as a novel mechanism of NGF-induced cell death. Our findings suggest that TrkA activation in human glioblastomas might be beneficial therapeutically, especially as several of the currently used chemotherapeutics also induce autophagic cell death.
Identification of the Heparin-binding Determinants within Fibronectin Repeat III1 (2006)

Fibronectins are high molecular mass glycoproteins that circulate as soluble molecules in the blood, and are also found in an insoluble, multimeric form in extracellular matrices throughout the body. Soluble fibronectins are polymerized into insoluble extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrils via a cell-dependent process. Recent studies indicate that the interaction of cells with the ECM form of fibronectin promotes actin organization and cell contractility, increases cell growth and migration, and enhances the tensile strength of artificial tissue constructs; ligation of integrins alone is insufficient to trigger these responses. Evidence suggests that the effect of ECM fibronectin on cell function is mediated in part by a matricryptic heparin-binding site within the first III1 repeat (FNIII1). In this study, we localized the heparin-binding activity of FNIII1 to a cluster of basic amino acids, Arg613, Trp614, Arg615, and Lys617. Site-directed mutagenesis of a recombinant fibronectin construct engineered to mimic the ECM form of fibronectin demonstrates that these residues are also critical for stimulating cell spreading and increasing cell proliferation. Cell proliferation has been tightly correlated with cell area. Using integrin- and heparin-binding fibronectin mutants, we found a positive correlation between cell spreading and growth when cells were submaximally spread on ECM protein-coated surfaces at the time of treatment. However, cells maximally spread on vitronectin or fibronectin still responded to the fibronectin matrix mimetic with an increase in growth, indicating that an absolute change in cell area is not required for the increase in cell proliferation induced by the matricryptic site of FNIII1.
The Formyl Peptide N‐Formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine Downregulates the Expression of FcγRs in Interferon‐γ‐Activated Monocytes/Macrophages In Vitro and In Vivo (2003)

N-Formyl peptides are cleavage products of bacterial and mitochondrial proteins that have pro-inflammatory activities and play an important role in antibacterial host defence. FcgammaRI is a receptor for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G expressed in monocytes that mediates cytotoxicity and is upregulated by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). In this report, we demonstrate that N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) downregulates the expression of FcgammaRI in IFN-gamma-treated monocytes, but not in IL-10-treated monocytes. We determine that supernatants obtained from monocytes treated with IFN-gamma and then exposed to FMLP induce the downregulation of FcgammaRI in naïve monocytes. This effect is abrogated by the protease inhibitors phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride and phosphoramidon, which inhibit serine and metalloproteases, respectively. Supernatants from FMLP-treated neutrophils also induce the downregulation of FcgammaRI, when added to naïve monocytes. Similar observations were obtained in vivo in a mouse model of chronic inflammation. In vivo, FMLP also downregulates the expression of FcgammaRs in IFN-gamma-activated macrophages. Our results support the existence of a new mechanism through which FMLP could modulate the activity of monocytes/macrophages during bacterial infections.
A 128 Kb/s Hi-Fi audio codec based on adaptive transform coding with adaptive block size MDCT (1992)

A Hi-Fi audio codec with an improved adaptive transform coding (ATC) algorithm is presented using digital signal processors (DSPs). An audio signal with a 20 kHz bandwidth sampled at 48 kHz is coded at a rate of 128 kb/s. The algorithm utilizes adaptive block size selection, which is effective for preecho suppression. A modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) with a simple window set is employed to reduce block boundary noise without decreasing the performance of transform coding. In addition, a fast MDCT calculation algorithm, based on a fast Fourier transform, is adopted. Weighted bit allocation is employed to quantize the transformed coefficients. The codec was realized by a multiprocessor system composed of newly developed DSP boards. Subjective tests with the codec show that the coding quality is comparable to that of compact disc signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of SK-951, a Benzofuran Derivative, as a Prokinetic Agent in Rats and Dogs (1999)

The gastrokinetic activity of SK-951 ((—)4-amino-N-[2-(l-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-5-yl)ethyl]-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-methylbenzo[£]furan-7-carboxamide hemifumarate), a benzofuran derivative with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)4-receptor agonist activity, was studied in rats and dogs. The effects of SK-951 were also investigated in a model of vagotomy-induced gastroparesis in comparison with cisapride. In rats, both SK-951 and cisapride enhanced gastric emptying of liquids (phenol red) at a dose of 1-100 mg/kg, p.o. Gastric emptying of liquid (acetaminophen) in fasted beagle dogs was enhanced significantly by SK-951 (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.), whereas the effect of cisapride (0.2-1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) was not statically significant. Similar results were found when radiopaque markers were given with standard meal to dogs with vagotomy-induced gastroparesis. The delayed gastric emptying of radiopaque markers by vagotomy was reversed by SK-951 (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.), whereas cisapride showed no effect at doses from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg, i.v. These results indicated that oral and intravenous administration of SK-951 accelerates gastric emptying of both liquids and solids in animal models. Thus, SK-951 may be a highly potent and useful prokinetic agent in comparison to cisapride.
Augmentation of Vα14 Nkt Cell–Mediated Cytotoxicity by Interleukin 4 in an Autocrine Mechanism Resulting in the Development of Concanavalin a–Induced Hepatitis (2000)

The administration of concanavalin A (Con A) induces a rapid severe injury of hepatocytes in mice. Although the Con A-induced hepatitis is considered to be an experimental model of human autoimmune hepatitis, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms that induce hepatocyte injury remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Valpha14 NKT cells are required and sufficient for induction of this hepatitis. Moreover, interleukin (IL)-4 produced by Con A-activated Valpha14 NKT cells is found to play a crucial role in disease development by augmenting the cytotoxic activity of Valpha14 NKT cells in an autocrine fashion. Indeed, short-term treatment with IL-4 induces an increase in the expression of granzyme B and Fas ligand (L) in Valpha14 NKT cells. Moreover, Valpha14 NKT cells from either perforin knock-out mice or FasL-mutant gld/gld mice fail to induce hepatitis, and hence perforin-granzyme B and FasL appear to be effector molecules in Con A-induced Valpha14 NKT cell-mediated hepatocyte injury.