gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Clinicopathology and Expression of Heat Shock Protein 72 and Glycoprotein 96 in Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma (2007)

Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and glycoprotein 96 (gp96) are highly expressed in cancer tissues. Recent studies indicate the possible roles of HSP72 and gp96 in the development and progression of gastric carcinomas but detailed information is still ambiguous. In this study, we investigated the correlation between clinicopathology and expression of HSP72 and gp96 in human gastric carcinoma. The expression of HSP72 and gp96 was studied in 60 human gastric carcinomas with or without metastasis as well as in mucous membrane adjacent to cancers by way of immunohistochemistry. HSP72 immunoreactivities were detected in 54 of 60 primary tumors (90.0%) and in 22 of 60 mucous membranes adjacent to cancers (36.7%). Likewise, gp96 immunoreactivities were detected in 49 cases of gastric carcinoma (81.7%) and in 15 samples of mucous membrane adjacent to cancer (25.0%). Both HSP72 and gp96 were stained in cytoplasm. HSP72 and gp96 expression in colonic carcinomas with metastasis was significantly higher than those with non-metastasis (p < 0.05). The results indicate that there exists a significant correlation between the expression of HSP72 and gp96 and the progression of gastric carcinomas. The high-level expression of HSP72 and gp96 may be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers for gastric carcinoma.
Four Weeks of IV Iron Supplementation Reduces Perceived Fatigue and Mood Disturbance in Distance Runners (2014)

During 6 weeks of training, intravenous iron supplementation improved perceived fatigue and mood of trained athletes with no clinical iron deficiency, without concurrent improvements in oxygen transport capacity or performance.
Experiences with respect to the ICEROSS system for trans-tibial prostheses (1994)

This article describes the authors' initial experiences and those of their patients with respect to the ICEROSS system for trans-tibial prostheses. Up to October 1992, 54 patients attending the "Hoensbroeck" Rehabilitation Centre received such a prosthesis. With the aid of patients' records an all-round evaluation has been made. In addition, a survey was undertaken and an examination made amongst the 43 patients who responded to a written request. For 26 patients who were provided with the ICEROSS as a second appliance after having used an older kind of prosthesis a comparison was made with the old system. In general these patients considered the new prosthesis as providing a clear improvement.
Meerwein reaction in amino acid synthesis. II. An investigation of twenty-one substituted anilines (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeerwein reaction in amino acid synthesis. II. An investigation of twenty-one substituted anilinesGeorge H. ClelandCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 3, 744–747Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01255a061https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01255a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views354Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on pyrimidine derivatives. XVI. Site selectivity in the homolytic substitution of simple pyrimidines. (1980)

Pyrimidine derivatives in which both the 2- and 4-positions are free exhibited site selectivity in their reactions with radicals generated in redox systems. Namely, 6-phenyl-(I), 6-methylpyrimidine (XV), and 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydroquinazoline (XVII) reacted with radicals such as RCO, R2NCO, EtOCO, and CH2OH to give predominantly the 4-substituted products. Except in the reaction of I with the N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl radical, the formation of the corresponding 2-substituted isomers was not observed.
LESSONS IN ESTROGEN BIOLOGY FROM KNOCKOUT AND TRANSGENIC ANIMALS (2004)

Tremendous progress has been made in elucidating numerous critical aspects of estrogen signaling. New tools and techniques have enabled detailed molecular analysis of components that direct estrogen responses. At the other end of the spectrum, generation of a multiplicity of transgenic animals has allowed analysis of the physiological roles of the estrogen-signaling components in biologically relevant models. Here, we review the ever-increasing body of knowledge in the field of estrogen biology, especially as applied to the female reproductive processes.
ACTIVATED CARBON FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES - LIGNIN (2011)

The world consumption of activated carbon is approximately 1.1 million tons per annum. Only some 1520% of this is manufactured using renewable resources. Lignins in kraft pulp black liquors are polyaromatic macromolecules with about 60 wt% carbon contents, derived from renewable resources. Recently, an efficient process for the recovery of lignin from kraft black liquor has been developed, “LignoBoost”; this lignin has a carbon content of ~66 wt%. In 2010, a research consortium of Sodra, Jacobi Carbons and Innventia, initiated the “LignActiv” project to establish the commercial and environmental sustainability of the manufacture of activated carbon from this lignin. This paper reports initial studies on the carbonization and activation behaviour of “Lignoboost” lignin subjected to laboratory scale physico-chemical activation processes. The paper describes the yields and physical properties of lignin-based chars and provides an initial evaluation of the nanoporous structure of the resultant “LignActiv”-activated carbons.
Efficient Production of Single-Stranded Phage DNA as Scaffolds for DNA Origami (2015)

Scaffolded DNA origami enables the fabrication of a variety of complex nanostructures that promise utility in diverse fields of application, ranging from biosensing over advanced therapeutics to metamaterials. The broad applicability of DNA origami as a material beyond the level of proof-of-concept studies critically depends, among other factors, on the availability of large amounts of pure single-stranded scaffold DNA. Here, we present a method for the efficient production of M13 bacteriophage-derived genomic DNA using high-cell-density fermentation of Escherichia coli in stirred-tank bioreactors. We achieve phage titers of up to 1.6 × 10(14) plaque-forming units per mL. Downstream processing yields up to 410 mg of high-quality single-stranded DNA per one liter reaction volume, thus upgrading DNA origami-based nanotechnology from the milligram to the gram scale.
A route to RNA with an alkylating group at the 5′-triphosphate residue (1980)

Reaction of ATP with N,N,N'-tris(2-chloroethyl), N' (p-formyl-phenyl)propylenediamine-1,3 (abbreviation C13R) afforded a gamma-ester of ATP (abbreviation C1RpppA) - the product of alkylation by an aliphatic nitrogen mustard residue of C13R. The alkylating activity of the aromatic nitrogen mustard residue of C1RpppA is suppressed by the electron-acceptor effect of the p-formyl group. C1RpppA is a substrate of RNA-polymerase, and affords RNA with C1RpppA-residues at the 5'-termini.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum-resident Heat Shock Protein Gp96 Activates Dendritic Cells via the Toll-like Receptor 2/4 Pathway (2002)

The heat shock protein Gp96 has been shown to induce specific immune responses. On one hand, this phenomenon is based on the specific interaction with CD91 that mediates endocytosis and results in major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted representation of the Gp96-associated peptides. On the other hand, Gp96 induces activation of professional antigen-presenting cells, resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of costimulatory molecules by unknown mechanisms. In this study, we have analyzed the consequences of Gp96 interaction with cells expressing different Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from mice lacking functional TLR2 and/or TLR4 molecules. We find that the Gp96-TLR2/4 interaction results in activation of nuclear factor kappaB-driven reporter genes and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases and induces IkappaBalpha degradation. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells of C3H/HeJ and more pronounced C3H/HeJ/TLR2(-/-) mice fail to respond to Gp96. Interestingly, activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells depends on endocytosis of Gp96 molecules. Our results provide, for the first time, the molecular basis for understanding the Gp96-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells by describing the simultaneous stimulation of the innate and adaptive immune system. This feature explains the remarkable ability of Gp96 to induce specific immune responses against tumors and pathogens.
Calcineurin phosphatase as a negative regulator of fear memory in hippocampus: Control on nuclear factor‐κB signaling in consolidation and reconsolidation (2014)

Protein phosphatases are important regulators of neural plasticity and memory. Some studies support that the Ca(2+) /calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) is, on the one hand, a negative regulator of memory formation and, on the other hand, a positive regulator of memory extinction and reversal learning. However, the signaling mechanisms by which CaN exerts its action in such processes are not well understood. Previous findings support that CaN negatively regulate the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway during extinction. Here, we have studied the role of CaN in contextual fear memory consolidation and reconsolidation in the hippocampus. We investigated the CaN control on the NF-κB signaling pathway, a key mechanism that regulates gene expression in memory processes. We found that post-training intrahippocampal administration of the CaN inhibitor FK506 enhanced memory retention one day but not two weeks after training. Accordingly, the inhibition of CaN by FK506 increased NF-κB activity in dorsal hippocampus. The administration of the NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor sulfasalazine (SSZ) impeded the enhancing effect of FK506. In line with our findings in consolidation, FK506 administration before memory reactivation enhanced memory reconsolidation when tested one day after re-exposure to the training context. Strikingly, memory was also enhanced two weeks after training, suggesting that reinforcement during reconsolidation is more persistent than during consolidation. The coadministration of SSZ and FK506 blocked the enhancement effect in reconsolidation, suggesting that this facilitation is also dependent on the NF-κB signaling pathway. In summary, our results support a novel mechanism by which memory formation and reprocessing can be controlled by CaN regulation on NF-κB activity.
Prediction of sinus node dysfunction in patients with persistent atrial flutter using the flutter cycle length (2011)

Although this study was based on a review of a database, the results suggest that assessing the FCL in patients with persistent CTI-dependent AFL could be helpful in the risk stratification of underlying SND.
Mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics (2006)

This review presents an overview of the dynamically developing field of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Metabolomics aims at the comprehensive and quantitative analysis of wide arrays of metabolites in biological samples. These numerous analytes have very diverse physico-chemical properties and occur at different abundance levels. Consequently, comprehensive metabolomics investigations are primarily a challenge for analytical chemistry and specifically mass spectrometry has vast potential as a tool for this type of investigation. Metabolomics require special approaches for sample preparation, separation, and mass spectrometric analysis. Current examples of those approaches are described in this review. It primarily focuses on metabolic fingerprinting, a technique that analyzes all detectable analytes in a given sample with subsequent classification of samples and identification of differentially expressed metabolites, which define the sample classes. To perform this complex task, data analysis tools, metabolite libraries, and databases are required. Therefore, recent advances in metabolomics bioinformatics are also discussed.
Tissue source determines the differentiation potentials of mesenchymal stem cells: a comparative study of human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue (2017)

The epigenetic memory obtained from either bone marrow or adipose tissue favored MSC differentiation along an osteoblastic or adipocytic lineage. The methylation status of the main transcription factors controlling MSC fate contributes to the differential differentiation capacities of different source-derived MSCs.
Study of loss of heterozygosity at DCC and APC/MCC genetic loci of gastric cancer. (1999)

In order to assess the role of the changes of DCC and APC/MCC genes in the development and progression of gastric cancer, the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of these genetic loci was investigated in 45 surgical specimens of gastric cancer with PCR-RFLP. The rate of LOH was 30.0% (9/30) at APC/MCC gene and 33.3% (15/45) at DCC gene. LOH was found in both intestinal and gastric types of gastric cancer and the rate of LOH of DCC gene was significantly higher in stages III to approximately IV gastric cancer (48.0%) than in stages I to approximately II (15.0%) (P<0.05). LOH of APC/MCC gene could be found in both early and advanced stages of gastric cancer. These findings suggest that changes of DCC and APC/MCC genes are involved in the development and progression of the intestinal and gastric types of gastric cancer.
Electrostatic Effects on Ion Selectivity and Rectification in Designed Ion Channel Peptides (1997)

To help determine how amino acid sequence can influence ionic conduction properties in α-helical structures, we have synthesized and studied three closely related, channel-forming peptides. The sequences are based on a 21-residue amphiphilic Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Leu-Ser-Leu heptad repeat motif and differ in having either neutral, negatively, or positively charged N-termini. The channels formed by the neutral peptide are modestly cation selective and exhibit asymmetric current-voltage curves arising from the partial charges at the ends of the α-helix. Addition of a negatively charged Glu residue converted the channel to a completely cation-selective structure and essentially eliminated its rectification. Addition of a positively charged Arg residue near the N-terminus of the peptide reduced this channel's cation selectivity and increased the extent of rectification. These effects on channel ionic conductance can be explained by a theoretical electrostatic model and provide insights into the workings of more complex channel proteins.
Delivery of Ricin Toxin A‐Chain by Peptide‐Targeted Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle‐Supported Lipid Bilayers (2012)

Mesoporous silica nanoparticle-supported lipid bilayers, or "protocells", exhibit a high loading capacity, enhanced colloidal stability, and peptide-directed, cell-specific uptake, making them especially well-suited for targeted delivery of protein toxins to cancer. Protocells loaded with ricin toxin A-chain (RTA) and targeted to hepatocellular carcinoma cause complete cell death at 30 pM of RTA without affecting the viability of control hepatocytes.
Lateral epitaxial overgrowth of and defect reduction in GaN thin films (2002)

The lateral overgrowth of GaN stripes patterned in a SiO/sub 2/ mask deposited on GaN film/AlN buffer layer/6H-SiC(0001) substrates was investigated. To achieve lateral overgrowth, the second layer of GaN was deposited on the initial underlying GaN layer through the windows in the SiO/sub 2/ mask. The deposited material grew vertically to the top of the mask and then both laterally over the mask and vertically until the lateral growth fronts from many different windows coalesced and formed a continuous layer.
MHC-restricted antigen presentation and recognition: constraints on gene, recombinant and peptide vaccines in humans (1999)

The target of any immunization is to activate and expand lymphocyte clones with the desired recognition specificity and the necessary effector functions. In gene, recombinant and peptide vaccines, the immunogen is a single protein or a small assembly of epitopes from antigenic proteins. Since most immune responses against protein and peptide antigens are T-cell dependent, the molecular target of such vaccines is to generate at least 50-100 complexes between MHC molecule and the antigenic peptide per antigen-presenting cell, sensitizing a T cell population of appropriate clonal size and effector characteristics. Thus, the immunobiology of antigen recognition by T cells must be taken into account when designing new generation peptide- or gene-based vaccines. Since T cell recognition is MHC-restricted, and given the wide polymorphism of the different MHC molecules, distinct epitopes may be recognized by different individuals in the population. Therefore, the issue of whether immunization will be effective in inducing a protective immune response, covering the entire target population, becomes an important question. Many pathogens have evolved molecular mechanisms to escape recognition by the immune system by variation of antigenic protein sequences. In this short review, we will discuss the several concepts related to selection of amino acid sequences to be included in DNA and peptide vaccines.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Salmonella typhimurium dcp gene encoding dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (1992)

Plasmids carrying the Salmonella typhimurium dcp gene were isolated from a pBR328 library of Salmonella chromosomal DNA by screening for complementation of a peptide utilization defect conferred by a dcp mutation. Strains carrying these plasmids overproduced dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase approximately 50-fold. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.8-kb region of one of these plasmids contained an open reading frame coding for a protein of 77,269 Da, in agreement with the 80-kDa size for dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration). The N-terminal amino acid sequence of dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase purified from an overproducer strain agreed with that predicted by the nucleotide sequence. Northern (RNA) blot data indicated that dcp is not cotranscribed with other genes, and primer extension analysis showed the start of transcription to be 22 bases upstream of the translational start. The amino acid sequence of dcp was not similar to that of a mammalian dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, angiotensin I-converting enzyme, but showed striking similarities to the amino acid sequence of another S. typhimurium peptidase encoded by the opdA (formerly optA) gene.
Molecular circuits for associative learning in single-celled organisms (2008)

We demonstrate how a single-celled organism could undertake associative learning. Although to date only one previous study has found experimental evidence for such learning, there is no reason in principle why it should not occur. We propose a gene regulatory network that is capable of associative learning between any pre-specified set of chemical signals, in a Hebbian manner, within a single cell. A mathematical model is developed, and simulations show a clear learned response. A preliminary design for implementing this model using plasmids within Escherichia coli is presented, along with an alternative approach, based on double-phosphorylated protein kinases.
Algorithms and design considerations for robot assisted insertion of Perimodiolar Electrode Arrays (2011)

This paper evaluates the potential for using robotic assistance for the insertion of commercial Perimodiolar Electrode Arrays (PEA's) that use a stylet and a pre-curved electrode body.We propose an algorithm for coordinated robotic insertion of the pre-curved electrode body and pulling of the stylet in order to provide partial control over the PEA shape. However, for robotic insertion to be a viable option for PEA's, an understanding of the statistical variability of their characteristics is essential. This paper investigates the kinematics of PEA's, their shape variability, and their expected performance during robotic insertion. An investigation of the required number of Degrees of Freedom (DoF) and the workspace is presented. A study of shape variability is carried out for characterizing shape repeatability across different insertion trials using the same electrode array. Also a study of shape variability is carried out between different electrode arrays. We simulate and evaluate the expected performance of three and four DoF robotic instruments for PEA insertion. The results support our proposed algorithm for coordinated insertion of the electrode array body and pulling of the stylet. They show that existing commerical perimodiolar arrays provide good shape repeatability. These results also point to the need for designing robotic insertion tools with at least four DoF. We believe that these results provide guidelines for future robotic instrument design for cochlear implant PEA's.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis of apolipoprotein E C-terminal domain and amyloid β peptide (1-42) interaction (2005)

The potential neurotoxicity of soluble forms of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) as a key factor in early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is being recognized. In addition, there is growing evidence of the essential role of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in amyloid formation, although molecular details of apoE/Abeta interaction are poorly understood. We employed apoE C-terminal (CT) domain comprising residues 201-299 to identify binding location of Abeta(1-42) by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and quenching analyses. Native tryptophan (Trp) residues in the apoE CT domain served as FRET donor, whereas N-(iodoacetyl)-N'-(5-sulfo-1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine (AEDANS) covalently attached to a unique cysteine residue substituted at position 4 of Abeta(1-42) (AEDANS-F4C-Abeta(1-42)) served as FRET acceptor. Fluorescence analysis verified that the oligomerization behavior of AEDANS-F4C-Abeta(1-42) was not abrogated by covalent attachment of AEDANS and that apoE CT domain/AEDANS-F4C-Abeta(1-42) association results in formation of a soluble complex. A large decrease in Trp fluorescence emission was noted in mixtures containing apoE CT domain and AEDANS-F4C-Abeta(1-42), accompanied by appearance of sensitized fluorescence emission of AEDANS as a result of intermolecular FRET. An average distance of separation of 22.6 Angstroms between donors and acceptor was calculated. Fluorescence quenching by potassium iodide (KI) did not reveal significant differences in apoE CT domain Trp microenvironment in the absence or the presence of Abeta(1-42). A twofold increase in quenching constant was noted for KI quenching of AEDANS fluorescence emission in the presence of apoE CT domain, indicative of alterations in Abeta conformation upon interaction with apoE CT domain. We propose intermolecular FRET analysis as a discriminating approach to examine apoE/Abeta interaction, a potentially critical factor in early events involved in amyloid formation.