gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic manipulation of fungal strains for the improvement of heterologous genes expression (a mini-review) (2011)

Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms that influence our everyday lives in areas as diverse as agriculture, medicine and basic science.&nbsp;With the advent of molecular biology, it has been attempted to improve the expression level of heterologous genes, which encode favorable traits in fungal strains.&nbsp;The expression of heterologous genes can be limited in transcription, post-transcription, translation and post-translation levels. Several genetic strategies have been developed to reduce the expression constrains&nbsp;and to enhance genes functionality. Among these strategies can be pointed to the introduction of multicopies of the desired gene, change of AT-rich sequences, gene fusion with a well-expressed gene, the use of strong promoters and signal sequences, optimization of codon usage, the construction and use of protease-deficient and chaperones/foldases-overproduced&nbsp; strains and the use of native or artificial intron-containing genes. These strategies have often resulted in the expected increase in the expression of heterologus genes.&nbsp; With the isolation of a large number of genes encoding desired traits and the availability of a large collection of wild isolates, the improvement of strains with a better functional performance would be possible. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Strain improvement, gene, heterologous, intron, promoter, codon.
Inducible NO synthase: role in cellular signalling (1999)

The discovery of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and its identification as nitric oxide (NO) was one of the most exciting discoveries of biomedical research in the 1980s. Besides its potent vasodilatory effects, NO was found under certain circumstances to be responsible for the killing of microorganisms and tumour cells by activated macrophages and to act as a novel, unconventional type of neurotransmitter. In 1992, Science picked NO as the 'Molecule of the Year', and over the past years NO has become established as a universal intercellular messenger that acutely affects important signalling pathways and, on a more long-term scale, modulates gene expression in target cells. These actions will form the focus of the present review.
Most problems in horizontal completions are resolved (1988)

Numerous techniques are used for completing and maintaining a well, but their application to horizontal wells raises a number of questions such as: What completion should be used. What means and procedures are available for working on these wells. Is it possible to carry out the same operations in a horizontal drainhole as in a conventional well. To resolve these and other questions, Elf Aquitaine, in association with the French Petroleum Institute (IFP) and other operators and service companies, studied and tested under what circumstances conventional techniques can be used. The results show that in horizontal wells, new adverse factors appear, such as the effect of the force of gravity and the considerable drainhole length. Consequently, conventional techniques sometimes need to be modified, or new techniques need to be devised.
The Use of Tosylhydrazone Salts as a Safe Alternative for Handling Diazo Compounds and Their Applications in Organic Synthesis (2005)

Abstract Diazo compounds are useful synthetic intermediates in organic synthesis but, due to their toxicity and unpredictable explosive behaviour, their unique reactivity has not been fully exploited and their use on large scale has been avoided. We have developed a reliable method that generates diazo compounds in situ. Our approach is based on the Bamford–Stevens reaction, which utilizes tosylhydrazone salts as diazo precursors. In the presence of phase‐transfer‐catalysts (PTC), we found that tosylhydrazone salts can be cleanly converted to diazo compounds under mild reaction conditions and in a wide range of solvents. These diazo compounds can then be induced to react directly with alkenes or alkynes to synthesize pyrazoles or with aldehydes to generate ketones. Alternatively, diazo compounds can react with transition metals capable of carbene transfer reactions. We have shown the usefulness of this chemistry in a number of different transformations, such as Wittig olefination reactions and the sulfur ylide mediated epoxidation, as well as aziridination and cyclopropanation chemistry as applied toward the synthesis of more complicated molecules. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Integrins as dynamic regulators of vascular function (1994)

The vascular endothelium lines the entire cardiovascular system and serves as a nonthrombogenic and selectively permeable boundary between the blood-stream and extravascular space. Endothelial cells are polar cells that are continuously subjected to fluid-generated forces on their luminal surface whereas their abluminal surface resides on basement membranes/extracellular matrix. The integrin family of cell-surface heterodimeric glycoproteins is located along both of these surfaces and participates in maintaining the normal endothelium and in the dynamic changes associated with the pathophysiology of the endothelium. Endothelial cell beta 1 and beta 3 integrins function together with other families of adhesion molecules during vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing. Leukocyte beta 1 and beta 2 integrins, in conjunction with members of the Ig and selectin gene families expressed on endothelium, mediate leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation. The structural and functional properties of integrins make them uniquely suited to mediate these essential and complex processes in the vasculature.
Site-Specific Immobilization of Biotinylated Proteins for Protein Microarray Analysis (2004)

The postgenome era has led to a new frontier of proteomics that requires the development of protein microarray, which enables us to unravel the biological function of proteins in a massively parallel fashion. Several ways of immobilizing proteins onto surfaces have been reported, but many of these attachments are unspecific, resulting in the unfavorable orientation of the immobilized proteins. His6 tag has been used to site-specifically immobilize proteins onto nickel-coated slides, which presumably oriented proteins uniformly on the surface of the slide. However, the binding between Ni-NTA and His tag proteins is not strong, causing the immobilized proteins to dissociate from the slide even under simple wash conditions. The authors have developed a novel strategy of using an intein-mediated expression system to generate biotinylated proteins suitable for immobilization onto avidin-functionalized glass slides. Array-scan results not only show successful immobilization of proteins onto slides by antibody detection method but also full retention of biological activities of the immobilized proteins. The strong and specific interaction between biotin and avidin also permits the use of stringent incubation and washing conditions on the protein microchip, thus making it a highly robust method for array studies.
Fatty acid profile, tocopherol, squalene and phytosterol content of walnuts, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts and the macadamia nut (2004)

Nuts are high in fat but have a fatty acid profile that may be beneficial in relation to risk of coronary heart disease. Nuts also contain other potentially cardioprotective constituents including phytosterols, tocopherols and squalene. In the present study, the total oil content, peroxide value, composition of fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols and squalene content were determined in the oil extracted from freshly ground walnuts, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts and the macadamia nut. The total oil content of the nuts ranged from 37.9 to 59.2%, while the peroxide values ranged from 0.19 to 0.43 meq O2/kg oil. The main monounsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid (C18:1) with substantial levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) present in the macadamia nut. The main polyunsaturated fatty acids present were linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3). alpha-Tocopherol was the most prevalent tocopherol except in walnuts. The levels of squalene detected ranged from 9.4 to 186.4 microg/g. beta-Sitosterol was the most abundant sterol, ranging in concentration from 991.2 to 2071.7 microg/g oil. Campesterol and stigmasterol were also present in significant concentrations. Our data indicate that all five nuts are a good source of monounsaturated fatty acid, tocopherols, squalene and phytosterols.
Lanthanides in organic chemistry. 1. Selective 1,2 reductions of conjugated ketones (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLanthanides in organic chemistry. 1. Selective 1,2 reductions of conjugated ketonesJean Louis LucheCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 7, 2226–2227Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00475a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00475a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12507Altmetric-Citations1090LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Symmetry of the superconducting order parameter in aYBa2Cu3O7−δepitaxial films (1994)

We propose a way to measure the interference associated with two superconductors with a ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{x}}^{2}$-${\mathit{y}}^{2}$ symmetry coupled by a Josephson weak link. An experimental realization shows no interference effects in a superconducting ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ film. The results are consistent with s-wave symmetry.
Development, Testing, and Field Case Histories of Multilateral Well Completion Systems (1997)

Abstract Multilateral oil and gas well concepts have been in existence since the early 1900's, but advances in directional and horizontal drilling have recently made this reservoir development approach more feasible. Although numerous multilateral wells have been drilled, particularly in the Austin Chalk, until now completion methods have been limited in providing features to manage borehole stability, flow control, and well maintenance. This paper will discuss several examples of the advances in drilling technology that have made these multilateral well development strategies possible. Information will also be provided on several simple multilateral well completion techniques as well as a multilateral system that will 1) mechanically connect the lateral liner to the parent casing, 2) allow through tubing re-entry access to selected laterals, and 3) seal the junction between the lateral and parent bore so that flow control capability can be maintained. In the latest system developed, the hole size of the lateral has been maximized in comparison to the parent wellbore casing, and full bore access to the lateral liner drift ID without restriction has been provided. Information will be presented concerning the project methods undertaken to develop this system, the bench tests that were performed for the components of the system and results of the full scale system test conducted. An "integrated development" approach with a multidisciplinarydesign team and direct producing company involvement was used in the development of the full featured multilateral completion system and proved to be an instrumental factor in the achievement of its success. In addition to information concerning application of multi-lateral completion techniques to new completions, the concept, as it has recently been applied toa recompletion, will also be discussed. Case histories of the completion experiences of two wells in which the system has been successfully implemented as well as several earlier successful completions using other systems will be presented. In addition, details will be provided concerning the case history in which the technology was employed in a mature field. Experiences to date have shown that multilateral technology can provide technical and economic feasibility for both new installations and recompletions. Introduction Many enhancements have recently been made to multilateral completion systems, not only as a result of advances in technology but also because of changes in developmental concepts that have been instrumental in achieving many of the system successes. A primary factor in the increased interest in multilateral completion technology has been its enhancing impact on the economics of field development.
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated expression of a human gamma-globin gene in human progenitor-derived erythroid cells. (1994)

Effective gene therapy for the severe hemoglobin (Hb) disorders, sickle-cell anemia and thalassemia, will require an efficient method to transfer, integrate, and express a globin gene in primary erythroid cells. To evaluate recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) for this purpose, we constructed a rAAV vector encoding a human gamma-globin gene (pJM24/vHS432A gamma). Its 4725-nucleotide genome consists of two 180-bp AAV inverted terminal repeats flanking the core elements of hypersensitive sites 2, 3, and 4 from the locus control region of the beta-globin gene cluster, linked to a mutationally marked A gamma-globin gene (A gamma) containing native promoter and RNA processing signals. CD34+ human hematopoietic cells were exposed to rAAV particles at a multiplicity of infection of 500-1000 and cultured in semisolid medium containing several cytokines. A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay distinguished mRNA signals derived from transduced and endogenous human gamma-globin genes. Twenty to 40% of human erythroid burst-forming unit-derived colonies expressed the rAAV-transduced A gamma-globin gene at levels 4-71% that of the endogenous gamma-globin genes. The HbF content of pooled control colonies was 26%, whereas HbF was 40% of the total in pooled colonies derived from rAAV transduced progenitors. These data establish that rAAV containing elements from the locus control region linked to a gamma-globin gene are capable of transferring and expressing that gene in primary human hematopoietic cells resulting in a substantial increase in HbF content.
Preparation and characterization of MnZn–ferrite nanoparticles using reverse micelles (2003)

Research on manganese zinc ferrites (MZFO) has undergone a renewal in recent years as advances in synthetic techniques promise smaller grain sizes and corresponding changes in material properties. Current techniques for nanoscale synthesis of ferrites, however, produce a broad distribution of particle sizes, thus limiting the density of compacted materials, and consequently altering coercivity [C. Rath et al., J. Appl. Phys. 91, 2211 (2002)]. To minimize porosity, bulk materials need to be pressed from uniform particles. Wet chemical synthesis performed in reverse micelles, in which pools of water are encased by surfactant molecules in an excess volume of oil, provides the greatest control over size and morphology. During synthesis, surfactant molecules keep particles separated and restrict particle growth. This affords greater control over the size and shape of the particles grown in the micelles and commonly results in highly uniform morphologies [J. P. Chen et al., J. Appl. Phys. 76, 6316 (1994); C. Liu et al., J. Phys. Chem. B. 104, 1141 (2000)]. As a first step, it is necessary to produce pure phase, nanosized ferrite particles, therefore in this study, analysis of the powder of a sample prepared by a reverse micelle technique is compared to a sample prepared by a traditional ceramic method. Future studies will focus on the porosity and subsequent material properties of compacted forms of the pure phase samples.
Disentangling multidimensional femtosecond spectra of excitons by pulse shaping with coherent control (2004)

Sequences of carefully timed and shaped optical pulses provide femtosecond snapshots of molecular structure as well as electronic and vibrational dynamical processes, in analogy with multidimensional NMR. We apply a genetic learning algorithm towards the design of pulse sequences which simplify the multidimensional signals by controlling the relative intensities of various peaks. Numerical simulations demonstrate how poorly resolved weak features may be amplified and observed by using optimized optical pulses, specifically shaped to achieve a desired spectroscopic target.
Erhöhung der Antigen-Selektivität von T-Zellen durch Koexpression chimärer Antigen-Rezeptoren unterschiedlicher Spezifität (2010)

Die adoptive Immuntherapie mit Tumor-reaktiven T-Zellen mit chimären Antigen-Rezeptoren ist eine vielversprechende Strategie zur Behandlung fortgeschrittener Tumorerkrankungen. Die Selektivität modifizierter T-Zellen hat sich in klinischen Studien jedoch als nicht ausreichend erwiesen. Jüngste klinische Studien zeigten fatale Nebenwirkungen durch mangelnde Selektivität CAR-exprimierender T-Zellen, die gesunde Zellen erkannten und eine massive Autoaggression induzierten. Die simultane Erkennung von zwei Antigenen durch zwei CAR stellt möglicherweise eine Lösung dieser Probleme dar. Diese Arbeit hat sich deshalb mit der Koexpression von zwei CAR verschiedener Spezifität in T-Lymphozyten befasst. Bispezifische T-Zellen wurden mit Hilfe der Kotransduktion der jeweiligen CAR oder durch eine bicistronische Expressionskassette generiert. CAR mit einer IgG1-Brückendomäne zeigen bevorzugte Dimer-Bildung. Die CAR-Assoziation führte zu Homo- wie auch zu Heterodimeren. Die Effizienz der T-Zell-Aktivierung ist von der Konfiguration der CAR abhängig und wurde durch Verwendung der fusionierten CD28/CD3zeta Signaldomäne weiterhin verbessert im Vergleich zur Koexpression eines CD28 und eines CD3zeta CAR. Die Selektivität der bispezifischen T-Zellen gegenüber koexprimierten Antigenen wurde erheblich verbessert, wobei die Bindung des zweiten Antigens zur gesteigerten T-Zell-Aktivierung führte. Die Aktivierungsschwelle der T-Zelle für das Antigen wurde dabei erhöht, so dass Zellen mit geringer Antigenexpression nicht mehr erkannt wurden. Durch diese Strategie werden eine Desensibilisierung CAR-modifizierter T-Zellen gegenüber gesunden Zellen mit einem Antigen und die Erkennung von Antigenmustern ermöglicht. Die Koexpression zweier unterschiedlich spezifischer CAR in T-Zellen ist deshalb einer Modifikation mit nur einem CAR überlegen und ermöglicht die Verbesserung der Selektivität der gerichteten adoptiven T-Zell-Therapie.
Upregulation of SOCS-1 by Nutlin-3 in acute myeloid leukemia cells but not in primary normal cells (2013)

OBJECTIVE:\nIt has been shown that SOCS-1 plays an important role in the proper control of cytokine/growth factor responses and acts as a tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemias. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of treatment with Nutlin-3, a small molecule inhibitor of the MDM2/p53 interaction, on the expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 in primary acute myeloid leukemia cells and in myeloid cell lines with differential p53 status.\nMETHOD:\nThe expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 was quantitatively analyzed by real-time PCR in myeloid p53wild-type (OCI and MOLM) and p53null HL-60, leukemic cell lines, in patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia blasts, and in primary normal cell types, such as macrophages, endothelial cells, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The p53-dependence of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 upregulation that is induced by Nutlin-3 was analyzed in experiments performed using siRNA for p53, while the functional upregulation of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 was analyzed by assessing the levels of phosphorylated STAT-3.\nRESULTS:\nNutlin-3 significantly upregulated the transcription of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 in p53wild-type OCI and MOLM but not in p53deleted p53null HL60, myeloid leukemic cell lines, as well as in primary acute myeloid leukemia blasts. Conversely, and somewhat unexpectedly, Nutlin-3 did not modulate the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 expression in primary normal macrophages, endothelial cells, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The p53-dependent upregulation of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 by Nutlin-3 was associated with the downregulation of phosphorylated STAT-3, a major molecular target of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1.\nCONCLUSION:\nOverall, our data suggest a potential role for the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 as a therapeutic target of Nutlin-3 in p53 wild-type acute myeloid leukemias
The renaissance and bright future of fibre lasers (2005)

The first rare-earth-doped fibre lasers were operated in the early 1960s and produced a few milliwatts at a wavelength around 1 µm. For the next several decades, fibre lasers were little more than a low-power laboratory curiosity. Recently, however, fibre lasers have entered the realm of kilowatt powers with diffraction-limited beam quality. In this paper we review the reasons for this power evolution. Beyond this, we will discuss how the next generation of fibres, so-called photonic crystal fibres, enable upward power scaling and therefore open up the avenue to new performance levels of solid-state lasers.
Lignin monomer production integrated into the γ-valerolactone sugar platform (2015)

We demonstrate an experimental approach for upgrading lignin that has been isolated from corn stover via biomass fractionation using γ-valerolactone (GVL) as a solvent.
A cell-repellent sulfonated PEG comb-like polymer for highly resolved cell micropatterns (2008)

This paper investigates the chemical modification of a cell-repellent poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based polymer to enhance its hydrophilicity with sulfonate groups, and its application in the fabrication of a cell microarray. First, a polymer comprised of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) backbone with PEG side-chains (PMMA-b-PEG) was synthesized from three monomers by radical polymerization and purified. Despite the hydrophilic side-groups in the amphiphilic polymer, the backbone structure's hydrophobicity allows for local adsorption of biomolecules in incubation media with or without serum. To enhance the hydrophilicity of the polymer, we tethered sulfonate groups to the hydroxyl groups on the PEG side chains (PMMA-b-PEG-SO3). The sulfate groups' physical and mechanical movement competitively repels biomolecules approaching the PMMA-b-PEG surface. Polymers modified with sulfonate were characterized by contact angle measurement, FT-IR, NMR, AFM and GPC. PMMA-b-PEG and PMMA-b-PEG-SO3 were successfully micropatterned on polystyrene and glass surfaces, and cell attachment was performed in either serum-free or serum-containing media, resulting in highly resolved cell micropatterns.