gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of a tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist, SR140333, on oedema formation induced in rat skin by venom from the Phoneutria nigriventer spider (1996)

1. The possibility that tachykinin NK1 receptors are involved in the plasma extravasation evoked by intradermal (i.d.) injection of Phoneutria nigriventer venom (PNV) in rat dorsal skin in vivo has been investigated. 2. Local oedema formation induced by the i.d. injection of test agents was measured by the extravascular accumulation of intravenously (i.v.) injected 125I-labelled human serum albumin over a 30 min period. 3. The tachykinin NK1 agonist, GR73632 (30 pmol per site), induced local oedema formation which was potentiated by co-injection with the neuropeptide vasodilator, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, 10 pmol per site). The non-peptide tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist, SR140333 (0.03-1 nmol per site co-injected, i.d.) significantly inhibited (0.3 nmol per site, P < 0.05; 1 nmol per site, P < 0.001) local oedema formation induced by GR73632 with CGRP but not that induced by histamine (10 nmol per site) with CGRP. 4. PNV (0.03-0.3 microgram per site) injected i.d. induced dose-dependent local oedema formation. SR140333 (1 nmol per site, co-injected i.d.) inhibited oedema formation; with complete inhibition observed at doses of 0.03 microgram (P < 0.05) and 0.1 microgram (P < 0.001); and partial inhibition (50%) observed with the highest dose of PNV, 0.3 microgram (P < 0.05). 5. Local oedema formation induced by PNV was not affected by systemic pretreatment with the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, Hoe 140 (80 nmol kg-1, i.v.), which was used at a dose which significantly inhibited oedema formation by bradykinin (1 nmol per site). 6. Local oedema formation induced by PNV was significantly inhibited (P < 0.01) by co-injection of the histamine H1 receptor antagonist, mepyramine (2.5 nmol per site), together with the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) antagonist, methysergide (2.8 nmol per site). 7. In the presence of all three antagonists (mepyramine 2.5 nmol per site; methysergide, 2.8 nmol per site and SR140333 1 nmol per site), the plasma extravasation induced by PNV was further significantly inhibited (P < 0.001, when compared with PNV injected i.d. alone; P < 0.05 when compared with PNV co-injected with mepyramine and methysergide and P < 0.01, when compared with PNV co-injected with SR140333). 8. These results suggest that oedema formation evoked by i.d. PNV in rat skin may be partially mediated via a mechanism involving tachykinin NK1 receptors and that this effect is independent of histamine and 5-HT.
Treatment of lupus nephritis in adult (NZB + NZW)F1 mice by cortisone-facilitated tolerance to nucleic acid antigens. (1978)

Adult female (NZB + NZW)F1 mice were treated with cortisone, cortisone with tolerogen (isologous NZB IgG-nucleosides conjugates) or cortisone with isologous IgG free of nucleosides. Other treatments also included tolerogen or isologous IgG alone, and cortisone together with denatured DNA. All untreated mice died by 10 mo of age. Cortisone prolonged the survival rate. This effect was further improved by combined treatment of cortisone and tolerogen. Prolonged survival was accompanied by a decrease in proteinuria. Other treatments failed to influence either survival or proteinuria. Although cortisone did not prevent the appearance of antibody to denatured DNA, cortisone and tolerogen suppressed them in most of the animals. Preexisting antibody to denatured DNA was reduced by cortisone and cortisone and tolerogen, but not by cortisone and IgG. In contrast, antibody to native DNA bore no relationship to therapy. Animals living beyond 1 yr of age, regardless of the treatment, fall into three histopathological categories: (a) severe nephritis, as in untreated animals, (b) moderate nephritis (with absence of severe alteration of the glomerular basement membrane, i.e. the histological counterpart of prolonged survival), (c) minimal nephritis. In a small number of animals treated with cortisone or cortisone and IgG and in 6/20 animals treated with cortisone and tolerogen, minimal lesions as judged by light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy were found. These last mice were in good health at 15-16 mo of age, twice the life-span of untreated mice. In conclusion, these data suggest that tolerance to nucleic acid antigens facilitated by cortisone offers a promising new approach to treat established murine lupus nephritis.
SiO<sub>2</sub> Etch Rate Modification by Ion Implantation (2012)

It is well known that etch rate of dielectric thin films, such as silicon dioxide, increases after ion implantation. A study of the structural damage created in SiO 2 films by ion implantation can be found in references [,]. It is reported that nuclear collision of implanted ion with target ions produces a relevant rearrangement of in SiO 2 target network: Si and O target atoms are moved from their original positions to new positions where original local atomic coordination is not recovered. As final result, damage consists mainly of Si-O broken bonds and non-bridging oxygen.
Molecular biology, pathogenesis and pathology of mumps virus (2014)

Mumps is caused by the mumps virus (MuV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family of enveloped, non-segmented, negative-sense RNA viruses. Mumps is characterized by painful inflammatory symptoms, such as parotitis and orchitis. The virus is highly neurotropic, with laboratory evidence of central nervous system (CNS) infection in approximately half of cases. Symptomatic CNS infection occurs less frequently; nonetheless, prior to the introduction of routine vaccination, MuV was a leading cause of aseptic meningitis and viral encephalitis in many developed countries. Despite being one of the oldest recognized diseases, with a worldwide distribution, surprisingly little attention has been given to its study. Cases of aseptic meningitis associated with some vaccine strains and a global resurgence of cases, including in highly vaccinated populations, has renewed interest in the virus, particularly in its pathogenesis and the need for development of clinically relevant models of disease. In this review we summarize the current state of knowledge on the virus, its pathogenesis and its clinical and pathological outcomes.
Novel shaping function for envelope tracking linearization (2017)

Envelope tracking (ET) linearization can be explained as the cancellation between two kinds of intermodulation distortions (IMD) [1]. A novel shaping function for ET linearization can thus be constructed by balancing the two IMDs. A dynamic approach of shaping function extraction, called slope tuning, is proposed and demonstrated in this study. Significant linearity improvements in a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) power amplifier are experimentally achieved with extracted shaping function for both two-tone and long-term evolution (LTE) signals.
IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (1997)

The draft IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) specification is approaching completion. In this article, the IEEE 802.11 protocol is explained, with particular emphasis on the medium access control sublayer. Performance results are provided for packetized data and a combination of packetized data and voice over the WLAN. Our performance investigation reveals that an IEEE 802.11 network may be able to carry traffic with time-bounded requirements using the point coordination function. However, our findings suggest that packetized voice traffic must be handled in conjunction with an echo canceler.
Superparamagnetic High-Magnetization Microspheres with an Fe3O4@SiO2 Core and Perpendicularly Aligned Mesoporous SiO2 Shell for Removal of Microcystins (2007)

Superparamagnetic microspheres with an Fe3O4@SiO2 core and a perpendicularly aligned mesoporous SiO2 shell were synthesized through a surfactant-templating sol-gel approach. The microspheres possess high magnetization (53.3 emu/g), high surface area (365 m2/g), large pore volume (0.29 cm3/g), and uniform mesopore (2.3 nm). By using the unique core-shell microspheres with accessible large pores and excellent magnetic property, a fast removal of microcystins with high efficiency (>95%) can be achieved.
High-Dose siRNAs Upregulate Mouse Eri-1 at both Transcription and Posttranscription Levels (2011)

The eri-1 gene encodes a 3' exonuclease that can negatively regulate RNA interference via siRNase activity. High-dose siRNAs (hd-siRNAs) can enhance Eri-1 expression, which in return degrade siRNAs and greatly reduces RNAi efficiency. Here we report that hd-siRNAs induce mouse Eri-1 (meri-1) expression through the recruitment of Sp1, Ets-1, and STAT3 to the meri-1 promoter and the formation of an Sp1-Ets-1-STAT3 complex. In addition, hd-siRNAs also abolish the 3' untranslated region (UTR) mediated posttranscriptional repression of meri-1. Our findings demonstrate the molecular mechanism underlying the upregulation of meri-1 by hd-siRNA.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and working memory in adults: A meta-analytic review. (2013)

Collectively, these findings indicate that WM deficits persist into adulthood and suggest that methodological variability may explicate why WM deficits have not been uniformly detected in previous experimental studies.
Distribution of Kiaa0319-like immunoreactivity in the adult mouse brain--a novel protein encoded by the putative dyslexia susceptibility gene KIAA0319-like. (2011)

Kiaa0319L is a novel protein encoded by a recently discovered gene KIAA0319-like(L) that may be associated with reading disability. Little is known about the characteristics of this protein and its distribution in the brain. We investigated here expression of this protein in adult mice, using an antibody specific for human and rodent Kiaa0319L. In the brain, Kiaa0319L was localized strongly in the olfactory bulb, and strong expression was found in other regions, including hippocampus, cerebellum, diencephalon and the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemistry confirmed expression in these brain regions, and showed further that the protein was expressed preferentially in neurons in layer IV and VI of the neocortex, CA1 and CA2 subfields of the hippocampus and a subpopulation of neurons in CA3 and dentate gyrus. Furthermore, the protein was confined to dendrites of CA1 neurons in the stratum radiatum, but not those in the stratum oriens, and in astrocytes within the hippocampus. In the cerebellum, the protein was observed in the molecular layer and a fraction of Purkinje neurons. These findings confirmed expression of Kiaa0319L in brain regions that are involved in reading performance, supporting its possible involvement in reading disability. The specific patterns of localization in the neocortex, hippocampus and cerebellum suggest further that this protein may be related to other biological processes in a subpopulation of neurons within these regions, eg. formation and maintenance of polarity in the neuron.
Effectiveness of a Mass Immunization Campaign Against Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease in Quebec (2001)

Serogroup C polysaccharide vaccine is effective for controlling outbreaks in teenaged individuals but should not be used in children younger than 2 years. The mass campaign did not induce significant serogroup switching.
The Codecs Parameter for "Bucket" Media Types (2005)

Several MIME type/subtype combinations exist that can contain
different media formats. A receiving agent thus needs to examine the
details of such media content to determine if the specific elements
can be rendered given an available set of codecs. Especially when the
end system has limited resources, or the connection to the end system
has limited bandwidth, it would be helpful to know from the Content-
Type alone if the content can be rendered. This document adds a new
parameter, to various type/subtype combinations to allow for
unambiguous specification of the codecs indicated by the media formats
contained within. By labeling content with the specific codecs
indicated to render the contained media, receiving systems can
determine if the codecs are supported by the end system, and if not,
can take appropriate action (such as rejecting the content, sending
notification of the situation, transcoding the content to a supported
type, fetching and installing the required codecs, further inspection
to determine if it will be sufficient to support a subset of the
indicated codecs, etc.) [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Integrated complex care coordination for children with medical complexity: A mixed-methods evaluation of tertiary care-community collaboration (2012)

Complex care can be provided in community-based settings with less direct tertiary care involvement through an integrated clinic. Improvements in health care utilization and family-centeredness of care can be achieved despite minimal changes in parental perceptions of child health.
Efficacy and safety of two new formulations of artificial tears in subjects with dry eye disease: a 3-month, multicenter, active-controlled, randomized trial (2015)

Both combination artificial tear formulations were efficacious and well tolerated in subjects with dry eye. CHO-1 demonstrated the best performance in improving ocular symptoms and reducing ocular staining in this heterogeneous study population.
The Effect of Cross-Linked Hyaluronate Hydrogel on the Reduction of Post-Surgical Adhesion Reformation in Rabbits (1999)

The effects of cross-linked hyaluronate hydrogel and liquid sodium hyaluronate on post-surgical adhesion reformation were examined using a rabbit model. Primary adhesions in the ileocaecal region of Japanese white rabbits were induced by mechanical and chemical irritants during laparotomy. After 1 month the primary adhesions were lysed by microsurgery and cross-linked hyaluronate hydrogel or liquid sodium hyaluronate was applied to the lysed lesions. After 10 − 14 days the area of adhesion reformation was measured to assess any inhibitory effect of the test materials. Rabbits treated with cross-linked hyaluronate hydrogel showed a significant reduction in adhesion reformation area compared with liquid sodium hyaluronate or physiological saline treatment, and the area reduced to (mean ± standard deviation) 0.6 ± 1.95% of the original lesion. In a separate study, histological evaluation of rabbits treated with cross-linked hyaluronate hydrogel revealed a better healing pattern and a lower inflammatory response compared with controls. All these findings suggest cross-linked hyaluronate hydrogel may be a valuable anti-adhesion material to prevent post-surgical adhesion in abdominal or pelvic surgery.
Science, big and small (2017)

The multidimensional, detailed observations of the collision of two neutron stars are recognized as Science 's Breakthrough of the Year. This represents an exciting new phase of astronomy with tremendous potential for the future—and a great example of “big science.”
Gene Expression Profiling of Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells in Patients with Multiple Myeloma (2009)

The distinct endothelial cell gene expression profiles and vascular phenotypes detected in this study may influence remodeling of the bone marrow microenvironment in patients with active multiple myeloma. A better understanding of the linkage between plasma cells and endothelial cells in multiple myeloma could contribute to the molecular classification of the disease and thus pinpoint selective gene targets for more effective antiangiogenic treatments.
Conjugated Polymer/Porphyrin Complexes for Efficient Energy Transfer and Improving Light-Activated Antibacterial Activity (2009)

With the increasing antibiotic resistance of microorganisms, there is a growing interest in the design and development of new materials that are effective in killing bacteria to replace conventional antibiotics. Herein, a new anionic water-soluble polythiophene (PTP) and a cationic porphyrin (TPPN) are synthesized and characterized. They can form a complex through electrostatic interactions, and efficient energy transfer from PTP to TPPN occurs upon irradiation under white light (400-800 nm). The energy of TPPN transfers to triplet by intersystem crossing, followed by sensitization of oxygen molecule to enhance the efficiency of singlet oxygen generation related to TPPN itself. The positive charges of PTP/TPPN complex promote its adsorption to the negatively charged bacteria membranes of gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Bacillus subtilis through electrostatic interactions, and the singlet oxygen effectively kills the bacteria. The photosensitized inactivation of bacteria for the PTP/TPPN complex is efficient, and about 70% reduction of bacterial viability is observed after only 5 min of irradiation with white light at a fluence rate of 90 mW x cm(-2) (27 J x cm(-2)). The technique provides a promising application in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria on the basis of enhanced energy transfer offered by light-harvesting conjugated polymers.
Abstract 2033: A comprehensive 3D triple coculture model for evaluating breast cancer progression (2014)

Abstract Current models for evaluating breast cancer progression lack a comprehensive, physiological approach to modeling the complex tumor microenvironment. There has been much evidence supporting the use of tumor spheroids to mimic tumor physiology; they exhibit cell-cell bond formation, comparable morphology, elevated cell survival and proliferation in the outer cell layers, reduced proliferation rates in the intermediate layers, and a hypoxic core. While the tumor spheroid provides a physiological tumor model, other cell types within the surrounding tumor microenvironment are essential for tumor behavior and subsequent cancer progression. The tissue vasculature provides a critical component for tumor progression given the metabolic requirements of a growing tumor, and by incorporating endothelial tubules with the tumor spheroid, we are able to model interactions between vascular networks and growing tumors. At the same time, there is also an important stromal component involved in cancer progression where stromal cells have been shown to promote cell proliferation, dissemination, and drug resistance during cancer development. By using extracellular matrix proteins, we are able to promote the proper physiology for each of these cell types in triple cell coculture and compartmentalize their activities. To evaluate interactions between each cell type, they are fluorescently labeled with fluorophores with different excitation and emission spectra; MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines express a red fluorescence protein, while human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are labeled with stable lipophilic membrane dyes. Tumor spheroids are formed using low adhesion microwells and deposited into fully formed HUVEC tubular networks, and the hMSCs are then added within a hydrogel overlay matrix. Cellular interactions and dissemination are monitored via fluorescence microscopy and cell proliferation of the breast cancer cells is monitored using a fluorescence plate reader. The breast cancer spheroids exhibit cell-cell interactions with endothelial tubules and stromal cells, and there is an increase in cell proliferation and invasion over standard spheroid monoculture model. Citation Format: Gabriel J. Benton, Jay George, Gerald DeGray, Irina Arnaoutova, Hynda K. Kleinman. A comprehensive 3D triple coculture model for evaluating breast cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2033. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2033
[Design, synthesis and activities of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyramide derivatives]. (2012)

To explore new agents of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives with more potent antiepileptic activity, a series of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyramide derivatives were designed and synthesized. All of the novel compounds (5a-51) were synthesized from GABA as starting material, and their structures were confirmed with IR, 1H NMR, EI-MS and elemental analysis. Preliminary pharmacological test in vitro showed that all target compounds displayed strong antiepileptic activities and were worth for further study. The structure-activity relationship of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyramide derivatives was also discussed preliminarily.
Identification of a bone sialoprotein receptor in osteosarcoma cells. (1988)

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein associated with the mineral bone matrix. The amino acid sequence of BSP contains an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence which confers to the protein cell binding properties (Oldberg, A., Franzén, A., and Heinegård, D. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 19430-19432). When BSP was used as an affinity matrix to isolate a cell surface receptor from rat osteosarcoma cells, a protein composed of polypeptides similar in size to those of a previously characterized vitronectin receptor was obtained. This putative BSP receptor, like the vitronectin receptor, bound also to an affinity matrix made of an RGD-containing heptapeptide. Moreover, similar patterns of inhibition of cell attachment to BSP and vitronectin was obtained with variant RGD-containing peptides, with BSP and with vitronectin. Finally, an anti-vitronectin receptor antiserum immunoprecipitated a receptor identical in size to the receptor bound to a BSP affinity matrix. These results show that BSP is recognized by an RGD-directed receptor and that both vitronectin and BSP can bind to this receptor.
Chronic Effects of the Novel Glucocorticosteroid RPR 106541 Administered to Beagle Dogs by Inhalation (2000)

The preclinical safety of RPR 106541, a novel 17-thiosteroid, was evaluated in young adult and mature dogs by inhalation exposure for 26 weeks and 52 weeks, respectively. A dry powder formulation of RPR 106541 in lactose was administered to young adult dogs (approximately 6 months of age at initiation) at doses of 0 (air and placebo controls), 10, 100, or 1,000 microg/kg/d for 26 weeks. A solution-based aerosol formulation was administered to mature dogs (approximately 10 months at initiation) from a pressurized metered dose inhaler at 0 (air and placebo controls), 10, 50, and 150 microg/kg/d for 52 weeks. Clinical evidence of glucocorticosteroid-induced immunosuppression was observed by weeks 20-26 following relatively high dose exposures (100 microg/kg/d and 1,000 microg/kg/d) in young dogs receiving the dry powder formulation for 26 weeks. Classic glucocorticosteroid effects were observed, including adrenocortical atrophy, reduced bone mass with retention of epiphyseal growth plates in long bones, prominence of stromal adipose tissue in bone marrow, and atrophy of lymphoid tissues. Inhalation administration of RPR 106541 to sexually mature dogs facilitated more definitive characterization of endocrine affects of RPR 106541 as compared with administration in younger, sexually immature animals. Significant effects in female reproductive organs included absence of corpora lutea in association with atresia of vesicular follicles within the ovaries, endometrial hyperplasia, and lobular development of mammary tissue. Discordant development of mammary tissue, accumulation of secretory material within hyperplastic endometrial glands, and hypertrophy of uterine lining epithelium in absence of ovulation were consistent with a secondary progestin effect by a potent glucocorticosteroid.