gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Characterization of Recombinant von Willebrand Factor in Dogs With von Willebrand Disease (1997)

Hereditary von Willebrand factor (vWF ) deficiency in Dutch Kooiker dogs, which have undetectable levels of vWF, causes spontaneous hemorrhage of mucosal surfaces similar to the clinical picture of von Willebrand disease in humans. Therefore, we used this canine model to study the in vivo effects of a new recombinant von Willebrand factor (rvWF ) preparation containing all species of vWF multimers compared with a rvWF fraction containing only low molecular weight multimers (LMW-rvWF ) and with a plasma-derived factor VIII/vWF concentrate (pdvWF ). In the vWF-deficient dogs, the half-life of vWF:Ag was 21.6 and 22.1 hours for rvWF, 7.7 hours for pdvWF, and 9 hours for LMW-rvWF; in vivo recovery of vWF:Ag was 59%, 64%, and 70% for rvWF, 33% for pdvWF and 92% for LMW-rvWF; in vivo recovery of RCoF was 78%, 110%, and 120% for rvWF, and 25% for pdvWF. Both rvWF and pdvWF caused increases in factor VIII, which were sustained even when vWF:Ag had decreased to nearly undetectable levels and only monomeric or dimeric species were detectable on agarose gels. At the dosages used, no effect was seen on bleeding time, but the rate of blood flow from cuticle wounds was reduced after a single bolus administration of rvWF. The rvWF was able to control a severe nose bleed in one dog.
Drivers of genetic diversity in secondary metabolic gene clusters within a fungal species (2017)

Filamentous fungi produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites (SMs) critical for defense, virulence, and communication. The metabolic pathways that produce SMs are found in contiguous gene clusters in fungal genomes, an atypical arrangement for metabolic pathways in other eukaryotes. Comparative studies of filamentous fungal species have shown that SM gene clusters are often either highly divergent or uniquely present in one or a handful of species, hampering efforts to determine the genetic basis and evolutionary drivers of SM gene cluster divergence. Here, we examined SM variation in 66 cosmopolitan strains of a single species, the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Investigation of genome-wide within-species variation revealed 5 general types of variation in SM gene clusters: nonfunctional gene polymorphisms; gene gain and loss polymorphisms; whole cluster gain and loss polymorphisms; allelic polymorphisms, in which different alleles corresponded to distinct, nonhomologous clusters; and location polymorphisms, in which a cluster was found to differ in its genomic location across strains. These polymorphisms affect the function of representative A. fumigatus SM gene clusters, such as those involved in the production of gliotoxin, fumigaclavine, and helvolic acid as well as the function of clusters with undefined products. In addition to enabling the identification of polymorphisms, the detection of which requires extensive genome-wide synteny conservation (e.g., mobile gene clusters and nonhomologous cluster alleles), our approach also implicated multiple underlying genetic drivers, including point mutations, recombination, and genomic deletion and insertion events as well as horizontal gene transfer from distant fungi. Finally, most of the variants that we uncover within A. fumigatus have been previously hypothesized to contribute to SM gene cluster diversity across entire fungal classes and phyla. We suggest that the drivers of genetic diversity operating within a fungal species shown here are sufficient to explain SM cluster macroevolutionary patterns.
Fibrin Sealant: Scientific Rationale, Production Methods, Properties, and Current Clinical Use (1997)

Fibrin sealant is a complex plasma-derived product which is increasingly used as a biodegradable tissue adhesive or sealant to stop or control bleeding or provide air and fluid tightness in many surgical situations. This review describes the historical development of current fibrin sealant preparations and the scientific rationale behind the alleged physiological benefits of its major plasma-derived components. A comparison in the extraction methods and viral reduction treatments applied to current commercial products and autologous preparations, and their respective advantages and limits, are discussed. Application devices used for surgical applications are described. A survey of the major clinical applications in various surgical areas is presented. Current issues in terms of viral safety, definition of optimal fibrin sealant composition, and regulatory concerns, especially to demonstrate clinical efficacy, are also included.
Graphene in biosensing (2011)

Biosensing is paramount for improving the quality of human life. Biosensors and biosensing protocols are able to detect a wide range of compounds, sensitively and selectively, with applications in security, health care for point-of-care analyses of diseases, and environmental safety. Here, we describe biosensors and biosensing systems employing graphene. Graphene is a zero-gap semiconductor material, which is electroactive and transparent. Because of its interesting properties, graphene has found its way into a wide variety of biosensing schemes. It has been used as a transducer in bio-field-effect transistors, electrochemical biosensors, impedance biosensors, electrochemiluminescence, and fluorescence biosensors, as well as biomolecular labels. In our review, we describe the application of graphene for enzymatic biosensing, DNA sensing, and immunosensing. We compare different techniques and present our views on the future development of the field.
Analysis of Complex Warping Deformation for Cold-rolled Strip (2018)

摘要： 针对极薄镀锡基板（马口铁）冷轧生产中出现的一类新的复杂板形翘曲缺陷，通过测量分析其翘曲位移模态并与常见的板形C翘及L翘等简单板形翘曲缺陷比较而将其命名为反向C翘缺陷，通过力学建模及模拟计算提出该反向C翘类板形翘曲缺陷产生的力学机理——带钢横截面上各点的纵向延伸在厚度方向存在差值并且该差值沿宽度方向呈复杂不均匀分布所导致的带钢复杂弯曲变形行为。在板形同向C翘研究基础上，抽象建立带钢反向C翘的初应变驱动弯曲变形力学模型，分别推导建立带钢反向C翘变形的解析模型和样条有限元模型及相应求解算法，两种方法的计算结果可相互验证模型及算法的正确性并都与工厂实际存在的反向C翘现象取得一致。研究揭示带钢板形C翘的变形规律与影响因素，获得板形C翘与带钢纵向延伸在厚度方向的差值沿宽度方向的分布形式的关系，发现当此延伸差值沿带钢宽向呈均匀分布或者对称抛物线分布形式时将对应产生不同曲率及翘高的同向C翘，当此延伸差值沿带钢宽向呈不均匀线性分布或者不均匀单调非线性曲线分布形式时将对应产生不同曲率及翘高的反向C翘，进一步还发现如果此延伸差值沿带钢宽向呈更为复杂的曲线分布形式时将会对应产生更为复杂的C翘模态，计算给出了3种典型对称复杂延伸差分布形式所导致产生的对称周期性C翘模态。将生产中所见的反向C翘和仿真预测到的周期性C翘，纳入本课题组前期研究提出的带钢平直性缺陷分类，建立新的带钢平直性缺陷分类。
Persistence of Pathogenic CD4+ Th1-Like Cells In Vivo in the Absence of IL-12 but in the Presence of Autoantigen (2001)

Despite recent successful treatment of murine autoimmune disease with anti-IL-12 mAb, it has not yet been addressed whether anti-IL-12 mAb can also be effective in late stages of disease and whether it can provide lasting protection against recurrence, especially during continued presence of autoantigen. We used a newly developed psoriasis model in scid/scid mice, which allows easy tracking of pathogenic T cells, to show that when anti-IL-12 mAb is given for 2 wk (1 mg/wk) in the late stage of severe disease, inflammation is greatly reduced, as measured by ear thickness and histology (scores, 1.1 +/- 0.1 vs 2.0 +/- 0.4). Moreover, prolonged treatment (4 wk) of chronic psoriatic mice with high doses of mAb (1 mg/wk; prolonged active anti-inflammatory treatment (PAAIT)) results in the almost complete resolution of lesions (scores, 0.3 +/- 0.1 vs 2.7 +/- 0.2). Surprisingly, however, despite these significant treatment results, the psoriasis-like lesions return soon after the anti-IL-12 mAb treatment is discontinued. This rapid relapse of disease may be attributed to large populations of activated CD4(+) T cells present in the lymph nodes of PAAIT animals still expressing an effector/memory phenotype (CD45RB(low), L-selectin(low)). Upon stimulation in vitro such PAAIT lymph node cells secrete high amounts of IFN-gamma (129 ng/ml); when transferred into naive scid/scid animals they are able to rapidly induce disease without costimulation. Our data indicates an alternative IL-12-independent pathway for pathogenic Th-1-like cells in vivo during the chronic phase of disease that allows these cells to persist and maintain their pathogenicity in the draining lymph tissue of the autoimmune site.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Piceid Glucosides Using Maltosyltransferase from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii DSM 6725 (2012)

Piceid is widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals because of its therapeutic benefits. However, the use of piceid as a drug is limited because of its low solubility. To increase solubility, we synthesized piceid glucosides using maltosyltransferase from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii. The MTase gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme had a unique transfer specificity to the transfer of maltosyl units. Four piceid transglycosylation products were present and identified by thin-layer chromatography and recycling preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The major product was purified by C(18) and gel filtration chromatography, and its molecular structure was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to be α-D-maltosyl-(1→4)-piceid. The solubility of maltosyl piceid was 8.54 × 10(3) and 1.86 × 10(3) times those of natural resveratrol and piceid, respectively, suggesting that the transglycosylation greatly increased the water solubility. This suggests that dietary intake of this compound can enhance the bioavailability of resveratrol in the human body.
Synthesis and assembly of retrovirus Gag precursors into immature capsids in vitro (1996)

The assembly of retroviral particles is mediated by the product of the gag gene; no other retroviral gene products are necessary for this process. While most retroviruses assemble their capsids at the plasma membrane, viruses of the type D class preassemble immature capsids within the cytoplasm of infected cells. This has allowed us to determine whether immature capsids of the prototypical type D retrovirus, Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV), can assemble in a cell-free protein synthesis system. We report here that assembly of M-PMV Gag precursor proteins can occur in this in vitro system. Synthesized particles sediment in isopycnic gradients to the appropriate density and in thin-section electron micrographs have a size and appearance consistent with those of immature retrovirus capsids. The in vitro system described in this report appears to faithfully mimic the process of assembly which occurs in the host cell cytoplasm, since M-PMV gag mutants defective in in vivo assembly also fail to assemble in vitro. Likewise, the Gag precursor proteins of retroviruses that undergo type C morphogenesis, Rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus, which do not preassemble capsids in vivo, fail to assemble particles in this system. Additionally, we demonstrate, with the use of anti-Gag antibodies, that this cell-free system can be utilized for analysis in vitro of potential inhibitors of retrovirus assembly.
Phase III trial of bisphosphonates as adjuvant therapy in primary breast cancer: SWOG/Alliance/ECOG-ACRIN/NCIC Clinical Trials Group/NRG Oncology study S0307. (2015)

503 Background: Randomized trials and a recent meta-analysis suggest that adjuvant bisphosphonates can decrease recurrence and death, primarily in a postmenopausal population. SWOG S0307 compares efficacy of 3 bisphosphonates in early stage breast cancer. Methods: Patients with stage I-III breast cancer receiving adjuvant systemic therapy were randomized to receive 3 years of clodronate (CLOD) (1600 mg po qd), ibandronate (IBAN) (50 mg po qd) or zoledronic acid (ZA) (4 mg IV q month x 6, then q3 months x 2.5 years). The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). The target accrual of 5,400 gave ≥ 86% power to detect a statistically significant difference (2-sided α = 0.05) among the arms in an ITT analysis. Results: Late rapid accrual led to over-accrual, 6,097 patients were enrolled between 1/06-02/10. Median age was 53 with 58% post-menopausal or age 50+. 77% of tumors were ER positive, 17% HER2 positive, 16% triple negative, and 49% lymph node positive. There were more patients with grade 3/4 events with IBAN (10.5%) than CLOD (8.3%) or ZA (8.8%). Rates of ONJ were highest for ZA (1.2%), then IBAN (0.6%), followed by CLOD (0.3%). Fractures were equal across arms. 73% of patients indicated a preference for oral versus intravenous formulation if all agents showed equal efficacy. At the fourth formal interim analysis, with 56% of 1,314 expected events, the DSMC concluded that there was no realistic chance of a statistically significant difference and recommended early reporting of the trial outcomes. The primary outcome DFS did not differ across arms in a log-rank test (p = 0.71). 5-year DFS was 88% in the CLOD and ZA arms, and 87% in the IBAN arm. Overall survival was 93% in all 3 arms. Additional analyses based on age and menopausal status show no evidence of treatment differences. Conclusions: We found no evidence of differences in efficacy by type of bisphosphonate either in the intent to treat analysis or based on age and menopausal status. Despite differences in the type of toxicity, overall grade differed little across arms. Given that the oral study drugs are preferred by patients and approved elsewhere, efforts to make them available in the U.S. should be considered. Clinical trial information: NCT00127205.
Semantic place classification of indoor environments with mobile robots using boosting (2005)

Indoor environments can typically be divided into places with different functionalities like kitchens, offices, or seminar rooms. We believe that such semantic information enables a mobile robot to more efficiently accomplish a variety of tasks such as human-robot interaction, path-planning, or localization. This paper presents a supervised learning approach to label different locations using boosting. We train a classifier using features extracted from vision and laser range data. Furthermore, we apply a Hidden Markov Model to increase the robustness of the final classification. Our technique has been implemented and tested on real robots as well as in simulation. The experiments demonstrate that our approach can be utilized to robustly classify places into semantic categories. We also present an example of localization using semantic labeling.
Targeting and Activation of Cytotoxic Lymphocytes (2015)

Des anticorps heteroconjugues ont permis d'etudier et de moduler la specificite des cellules cytotoxiques in vivo et in vitro. Il faut determiner quel anticorps bispecifique sera capable in vivo de «cibler» certaines cellules cytotoxiques qui pourront avoir des applications cliniques
Growth characteristics and drug responses of a murine lung carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. (1978)

Cells obtained from the Nettesheim lung carcinoma of DBA/2 mice, a heterogenous population grown s.c., were cultured as monolayers. These cells were serially subcultured and cloned twice, and a clone was selected for further study. This clone produced malignant tumors at the injected site when injected s.c. into male DBA/2 or C57BL/L x DBA/2 F1 mice. Referred as KLN205, this cell line had the highest rate of lung colony formation on i.v. injection. It was subcultured for over 15 generations, and its cytological characteristics were investigated. The s.c. and lung colony growth were examined histologically. The effects of treatment with two antimetabolite drugs, arabinosyl-6-mercaptopurine (NSC 406021) and 6-selenoguanosine (NSC 137679) were determined in culture and in vivo. The former was relatively ineffective; the latter was very effective both in vivo and in vitro. Several drugs used clinically for the treatment of lung cancer were also tested. This established and characterized cell line is proposed as a potential model for testing other chemotherapeutic treatments.
Mechanisms of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury (2000)

This study examined the mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. In the first part of the study, using a comprehensive, standardized questionnaire, 89 athletes (100 knees) were interviewed about the events surrounding their ACL injury. A noncontact mechanism was reported in 71 (72%) knees and a contact injury in 28 (28%) knees; one patient was unsure if there was any contact. Most of the injuries were sustained at footstrike with the knee close to full extension. Noncontact mechanisms were classified as sudden deceleration prior to a change of direction or landing motion, while contact injuries occurred as a result of valgus collapse of the knee. Hamstring flexibility parameters revealed a statistically higher level of laxity in the injured athletes compared with a matched group of 28 controls. In the second part of the study, videotapes of 27 separate ACL disruptions were reviewed and confirmed that most noncontact injuries occur with the knee close to extension during a sharp deceleration or landing maneuver. Because the knee is in a position to allow the extensor mechanism to strain the ACL and maximum, eccentric muscle force conditions usually apply, the quadriceps may play an important role in ACL disruption. Passive protection of the ACL by the hamstring muscles may be reduced in patients with above-average flexibility.
Automatic and Precise Orthorectification, Coregistration, and Subpixel Correlation of Satellite Images, Application to Ground Deformation Measurements (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We describe a procedure to accurately measure ground deformations from optical satellite images. Precise orthorectification is obtained owing to an optimized model of the imaging system, where look directions are linearly corrected to compensate for attitude drifts, and sensor orientation uncertainties are accounted for. We introduce a new computation of the inverse projection matrices for which a rigorous resampling is proposed. The irregular resampling problem is explicitly addressed to avoid introducing aliasing in the ortho-rectified images. Image registration and correlation is achieved with a new iterative unbiased processor that estimates the phase plane in the Fourier domain for subpixel shift detection. Without using supplementary data, raw images are wrapped onto the digital elevation model and coregistered with a 1/50 pixel accuracy. The procedure applies to images from any pushbroom imaging system. We analyze its performance using Satellite pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) images in the case of a null test (no coseismic deformation) and in the case of large coseismic deformations due to the Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake of 1999. The proposed technique would also allow precise coregistration of images for the measurement of surface displacements due to ice-flow or geomorphic processes, or for any other change detection applications. A complete software package, the Coregistration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation, is available for download from the Caltech Tectonics Observatory website. </para>
CDD and elite capture : reframing the conversation (2008)

Power over local decision making has been always been, and continues to be, concentrated among elites. Indeed, even in developed countries where democracy is well established, elites have disproportionate influence over community decisions. Nevertheless, because they function in the context of political institutions which are transparent and accountable to citizens, elite's actions often, though not always, reflect their constituent's priorities. In the areas where Community Driven Development (CDD) operations are typically implemented, community involvement in choosing, constructing, and managing a public good is often dominated by elites, who tend to be better educated, able to dedicate more time to community activities, and better connected with outsiders and aid agencies. As a result, elite capture poses a major challenge for CDD operations.
The CD20 (Bp35) antigen is involved in activation of B cells from the G0 to the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (1985)

Two monoclonal antibodies, 1F5 and B1, directed against the CD20 (Bp35) antigen were found to have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on B cells. 1F5, but not B1, induces small resting tonsillar B cells and prolymphocytic leukemia cells to enlarge, to rapidly increase their RNA synthesis, and to become responsive to growth factors present in mixed lymphocyte reaction supernatants. In addition, 1F5 induces a moderate increase in thymidine uptake, which is accompanied by enhanced viability of the cells, but not by any increase in total cell number or by any detectable entry into S phase or mitosis. Taken together, these observations suggest that 1F5 can initiate transition from the G0 to the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The fact that all the changes observed can be inhibited by low concentrations (I50 = 50 ng/ml) of cyclosporin A is further evidence that 1F5 is involved at an early stage of B cell activation. Because both 1F5 and B1 belong to the IgG2a subclass, differences in their activities are likely to reflect their different epitope specificities. Although only 1F5 had stimulatory activity, both 1F5 and B1 strongly inhibited B cell differentiation to immunoglobulin secretion. Possible explanations for the dual activities of 1F5 and implications for the role of the CD20 antigen in B cell differentiation are discussed.
Studies of the Enzyme Hexokinase. I. Steady State Kinetics at pH 8 (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of the Enzyme Hexokinase. I. Steady State Kinetics at pH 8Gordon G. Hammes and Daniel. KochaviCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 11, 2069–2073Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00870a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00870a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views621Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts