gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restoration of Disc Height Loss by Recombinant Human Osteogenic Protein-1 Injection Into Intervertebral Discs Undergoing Degeneration Induced by an Intradiscal Injection of Chondroitinase ABC (2007)

A single injection of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 into a rabbit disc dramatically reversed the decrease in disc height induced by chondroitinase ABC chemonucleolysis. The recovery was significant and sustained over the next 12 weeks. The therapeutic effects of both chondroitinase ABC chemonucleolysis and recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 injections should be further explored in higher animals before it is applied to humans.
Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in individuals with small, dense low density lipoprotein particles. (1993)

Subjects characterized by a predominance of small LDL particles (pattern B) have changes in plasma triglyceride (TG) and HDL-cholesterol concentrations consistent with the presence of resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake. To pursue this issue, plasma glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose, insulin-mediated glucose disposal, and lipoprotein concentrations were measured in subjects categorized on the basis of LDL peak diameter measured by gradient gel electrophoresis. Subjects with pattern B had higher (P < 0.05-0.001) total integrated plasma glucose (20.7 +/- 1.0 mmol/liter.h) and insulin (1,743 +/- 293 pmol/liter.h) responses to oral glucose compared with glucose (16.3 +/- 0.4 and 19.2 +/- 0.8 mmol/liter.h) and insulin (856 +/- 60 and 1,222 +/- 168 pmol/liter.h) responses in those with either pattern A or an intermediate pattern. Pattern B individuals were shown to be more insulin resistant on the basis of higher steady state plasma glucose concentrations (SSPG, 10.4 +/- 1.0, P < 0.002, vs. 7.5 +/- 0.7 and 6.0 +/- 0.4 mmol/liter) after a constant infusion of somatostatin, glucose, and insulin than those with either the intermediate or pattern A subclass. Pattern B subjects also had higher concentrations of (P < 0.001) TG (1.98 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.33 +/- 0.17 and 0.77 +/- 0.05 mmol/liter) and lower (P < 0.01-0.001) HDL cholesterol (1.12 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.34 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.45 +/- 0.05 mmol/liter) than those with either the intermediate or pattern A. Finally, significant (P < 0.001) correlation coefficients existed between LDL diameter and SSPG (r = -0.44); glucose (r = -0.41) and insulin (r = -0.38) responses; TG (r = -0.65) and HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.42) concentrations; and systolic (r = -0.34) and diastolic (r = -0.34) blood pressure. Thus, pattern B subjects are insulin resistant, have higher glucose, insulin, and TG, lower HDL-cholesterol levels, and higher blood pressure than those with pattern A or intermediate.
Human IgG2 variants of chimeric anti-CD3 are nonmitogenic to T cells (1997)

The mouse anti-human CD3 mAb OKT3 is a potent immunosuppressive agent used for the treatment of acute transplant rejection. OKT3 therapy is associated with acute toxicity resulting from in vivo T cell activation and systemic cytokine release, and a human anti-mouse Ab response. T cell activation is thought to be triggered by CD3 cross-linking mediated by the Abs bridging T cells and Fc receptor-bearing cells. Recent studies in a mouse model indicate that anti-mouse CD3 Abs with low affinity for Fc receptors can achieve immunosuppression without T cell activation, toxicity, or an anti-Ab response. To obtain an analogous Ab to improve the current anti-human CD3 therapy, a humanized Ab with low affinity for Fc receptors is needed. In this study, we introduced mutations into the upper CH2 region of IgG2 and expressed the altered Fc as chimeric OKT3 Abs. Compared with chimeric OKT3 IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, the IgG2 mutants were less mitogenic to T cells, and they did not induce the release of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, or IL-2. In parallel, we observed no functional interaction of the IgG2 mutant Abs with K562 cells, which express the IgG2-binding Fc receptor on their surface. Despite no measurable T cell activation, the mutant Abs could still modulate the CD3 complex. When coupled to a humanized anti-CD3, the IgG2 variant may provide a drug with less acute toxicity and immunogenicity, but may still retain potent immunosuppressive properties.
The Importance of Mouse Models to Define Immunovirologic Determinants of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (2015)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severely debilitating and often fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in immunosuppressed individuals caused by JC polyomavirus (JCV), a ubiquitous human pathogen. Demyelination results from lytically infected oligodendrocytes, whose clearance is impaired in the setting of depressed JCV-specific T cell-mediated CNS surveillance. Although mutations in the viral capsid and genomic rearrangements in the viral non-coding region appear to set the stage for PML in the immunosuppressed population, mechanisms of demyelination and CNS antiviral immunity are poorly understood in large part due to absence of a tractable animal model that mimics PML neuropathology in humans. Early studies using mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) in T cell-deficient mice demonstrated productive viral replication in the CNS and demyelination; however, these findings were confounded by spinal cord compression by virus-induced vertebral bone tumors. Here, we review current literature regarding animal models of PML, focusing on current trends in antiviral T cell immunity in non-lymphoid organs, including the CNS. Advances in our understanding of polyomavirus lifecycles, viral and host determinants of persistent infection, and T cell-mediated immunity to viral infections in the CNS warrant revisiting polyomavirus CNS infection in the mouse as a bona fide animal model for JCV-PML.
Treatment of Gram-Negative Bacteremia and Septic Shock with HA-1A Human Monoclonal Antibody against Endotoxin (1991)

HA-1A is safe and effective for the treatment of patients with sepsis and gram-negative bacteremia.
Sialic Acid on Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins Is Required for Efficient Infection of Cells (2007)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) envelope proteins are posttranslationally modified by the addition of sialic acids to the termini of the glycan side chains. Although gC, gD, and gH are sialylated, it is not known whether sialic acids on these envelope proteins are functionally important. Digestion of sucrose gradient purified virions for 4 h with neuraminidases that remove both alpha2,3 and alpha2,6 linked sialic acids reduced titers by 1,000-fold. Digestion with a alpha2,3-specific neuraminidase had no effect, suggesting that alpha2,6-linked sialic acids are required for infection. Lectins specific for either alpha2,3 or alpha2,6 linkages blocked attachment and infection to the same extent. In addition, the mobility of gH, gB, and gD in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels was altered by digestion with either alpha2,3 specific neuraminidase or nonspecific neuraminidases, indicating the presence of both linkages on these proteins. The infectivity of a gC-1-null virus, DeltagC2-3, was reduced to the same extent as wild-type virus after neuraminidase digestion, and attachment was not altered. Neuraminidase digestion of virions resulted in reduced VP16 translocation to the nucleus, suggesting that the block occurred between attachment and entry. These results show for the first time that sialic acids on HSV-1 virions play an important role in infection and suggest that targeting virion sialic acids may be a valid antiviral drug development strategy.
LA UNIVERSIDAD DEBE FORTALECER LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR EN BENEFICIO DE LA SOCIEDAD (1998)

AL PARTICIPAR EN EL CICLO DE VIDEOCONFERENCIAS INTERNACIONALES CANADA  EN MEXICO, EFECTUADO EL 26 DE MAYO EN EL AUDITORIO MARIO DE LA CUEVA, EL DOCTOR HUGO CASANOVA CARDIEL, DEL CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS SOBRE LA UNIVERSIDAD (CESU), HABLO DEL PAPEL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD Y LA EDUCACION SUPERIOR EN MEXICO. AFIRMO QUE HASTA AHORA EN EL PAIS CONTINUA LA TENDENCIA A IGNORAR EL VALOR SOCIAL DE LA EDUCACION SUPERIOR PARA EL FUTURO NACIONAL Y EL RELEVANTE PAPEL QUE HAN DESEMPENADO LAS INSTITUCIONES PUBLICAS. DIJO QUE ES INDISPENSABLE PROMOVER UN PROCESO RACIONAL DE EXPANSION Y DIVERSIFICACION DEL CONJUNTO SUPERIOR, QUE GARANTICE LA PREPONDERANCIA DE RIGUROSOS CRITERIOS ACADEMICOS DE CALIDAD Y EFICIENCIA. PARA EL MAESTRO ANTONIO RIVERA, DEL CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES SOBRE AMERICA DEL NORTE (CISAN), LA UNIVERSIDAD NACE DE LA SOCIEDAD. POR LO TANTO LOS FINES UNIVERSITARIOS SON EMINENTEMENTE SOCIALES. INDICO QUE UNO DE LOS DESAFIOS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ES MANTENER SU CAR CTER PUBLICO. DESDE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE QUEBEC EN HULL, CANADA , SU RECTOR, EL DOCTOR FRANCIS R. WHYTE, AFIRMO QUE LOS LAZOS ENTRE LA UNIVERSIDAD Y LA SOCIEDAD SE HAN MODIFICADO CON LA LLEGADA DEL NUEVO MILENIO. RECONOCIO QUE LA EVOLUCION ACTUAL DE LAS SOCIEDADES HA HECHO SURGIR LA IDEA DE QUE LA EDUCACION UNIVERSITARIA SEA ALGO QUE SE PROLONGUE DURANTE TODA LA VIDA.
Domain structure and associated functions of subcomponents C1r and C1s of the first component of human complement. (1985)

The serine protease subcomponents of the activated form of the first component of human complement (C1), C1r and C1s, were observed by electron microscopy after the native proteins and their limited proteolysis products, obtained from autolytic cleavage (C1r) or from incubation with plasmin (C1s) were rotary shadowed. At the monomeric level, both C1r and C1s comprised two globular domains, a smaller interaction domain (corresponding to the NH2-terminal half of the A chain, alpha, and responsible for calcium binding and C1r-C1s interaction) and a larger catalytic domain (corresponding to the COOH-terminal part of the A chain, gamma, disulfide-linked to the B chain and bearing the serine protease active site). The two globular domains are linked by a connecting strand, beta. The (C1r)2 dimer appeared as a "croissant"-like association, where the two monomers interact through their catalytic domains. On the basis of the domain structure of C1r and C1s, a model of the calcium-dependent C1s dimer is proposed, in which the two monomers interact through their NH2-terminal interaction domains; in the same way, a model of the C1s-(C1r)2-C1s catalytic subunit of C1 is presented, in which (C1r)2 forms a core, its distal interaction domains interacting with the corresponding domains of C1s.
How MAP Kinases Are Regulated (1995)

The closely related MAP kinases,1(1) extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1 and ERK2), are ubiquitous components of signal transduction pathways. ERK1 and ERK2 are activated by diverse extracellular stimuli and by protooncogene products that induce proliferation or enhance differentiation (reviewed in Refs. 1 and 2). MAP kinase phosphorylations have an impact on processes in the cytoplasm, the nucleus, the cytoskeleton, and the membrane. The variety of signals that conscript the MAP kinase pathway demonstrates that this cascade serves a myriad of purposes, and the consequences of its activation will depend on cellular context.
Ultrasound anatomy for prostate brachytherapy (1997)

Even for surgeons experienced in prostate anatomy, the manipulation of perineally-placed needles into the prostate under the guidance of an ultrasound probe in the rectum can be disorienting. For those embarking on ultrasound-guided brachytherapy for prostate cancer, there can be no substitute for experience gained performing transrectal ultrasound examinations. A review of the anatomy of the region is presented, together with images showing how that anatomy appears sonographically. Some of the concepts involved in the role of prostate planimetry for dosimetry planning will be touched upon.
Cytoplasmic Membrane‐Associated Protein (CAP) Isolated from Streptococcus pyogenes: As a New Bacterial Superantigen (1994)

A protein isolated from the cytoplasmic membranes of Streptococcus pyogenes (cytoplasmic membrane-associated protein, CAP) stimulated human T cells in vitro to induce their mitogenic response. This CAP-induced T cell proliferation required the presence of nylon-adherent accessory cells (AC) of either autologous or allogeneic origin in the reaction mixtures. In addition, the reaction was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, HLA-DR and -DQ, but not -DP. Human lymphoid cell lines positive for HLA-DR but not those lacking it were also effective as AC for the reaction. A binding test using fluorescein-labeled protein revealed that CAP bound to the adherent monocytes and HLA-DR+ but not to -DR- lymphoid cell lines. The proliferative response of T cells to CAP was, however, not inhibited by the addition of the lysosomotrophic agent NH4Cl to the reaction mixtures. These results suggest that the presentation of CAP by AC to human T cells is mediated through binding of the protein to the MHC class II molecules but without being processed in the AC. The proliferative response of T cells was also found to be inhibited by addition of anti-CD2, -CD3 or -T cell receptor (TcR) mAbs. A major population responding to CAP was CD3+4+8- T cells. CAP also appears to stimulate T cells bearing V beta 8 sequences much more selectively than T cells bearing other V beta s. These results indicate that this streptococcal membrane protein, CAP, may be a new protein belonging to a group of bacterial superantigens.
Evaluation of Various Techniques to Monitor Intragastric pH (1982)

Recent reports emphasized the importance of maintenance of a high intragastric pH to prevent gastric mucosal bleeding in acutely ill patients. In this study gastric fluid pH determinations were compared with determinations obtained using an intragastric pH electrode. There was poor correlation between pH determinations obtained by a bare intragastric electrode in contact with the mucosa and pH determinations on fluid aspirated from the stomach. During cimetidine administration mucosal and fluid determinations correlated well, whereas during antacid administrations correlated well, whereas during antacid administration mucosal pH was significantly lower than gastric fluid pH. These results suggest that during antacid administration pH determinations on gastric contents with pH paper may not accurately reflect the pH at the mucosal surface.
Diagnostic value of the polymerase chain reaction for Chlamydia detection as determined in a follow-up study (1991)

The diagnostic value of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in comparison with that of the culture technique was established in a follow-up study of 32 patients (81 samples) who were treated for a C. trachomatis infection. The PCR was performed with two different sets of primers, a genus-specific primer set directed against the rRNA genes and a C. trachomatis-specific set directed against the common endogenous plasmid. After treatment with doxycycline, all patients became culture negative after 1 week. Results for the detection of C. trachomatis by the PCR were in complete agreement with the results by the culture method of detection, except for one culture-negative sample, which was found to be positive by the PCR. The results indicated that 1 week after treatment, no residual chlamydial DNA was found in the samples. Therefore, the PCR can be used for monitoring infections by chlamydiae.
Neoplastic and pharmacological influence on the permeability of an in vitro blood-brain barrier (1995)

The authors investigated the effects of glioma cells and pharmacological agents on the permeability of an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) to determine the following: 1) whether malignant glia increase endothelial cell permeability; 2) how glucocorticoids affect endothelial cell permeability in the presence and absence of malignant glia; and 3) whether inhibiting phospholipase A2, the enzyme that releases arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids, would reduce any malignant glioma-induced increase in endothelial cell permeability. Primary cultures of rat brain capillary endothelium were grown on porous membranes; below the membrane, C6, 9L rat glioma. T98G human glioblastoma, or no cells (control) were cocultured. Dexamethasone (0.1 microM), bromophenacyl bromide (1.0 microM), a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, or nothing was added to culture media 72 hours prior to assaying the rat brain capillary endothelium permeability. Permeability was measured as the flux of radiolabeled sucrose across the rat brain capillary endothelium monolayer and then calculated as an effective permeability coefficient (Pe). When neither dexamethasone nor bromophenacyl bromide was present, C6 cells reduced the Pe significantly (p < 0.05), whereas 9L and T98G cells increased Pe significantly (p < 0.05) relative to rat brain capillary endothelium only (control). Dexamethasone reduced Pe significantly for all cell preparations (p < 0.05). The 9L and T98G cell preparations coincubated with dexamethasone had the lowest Pe of all cell preparations. The Pe was not affected in any cell preparation by coincubation with bromophenacyl bromide (p > 0.45). These in vitro BBB experiments showed that: 1) malignant glia, such as 9L and T98G cells, increase Pe whereas C6 cells probably provide an astrocytic influence by reducing Pe; 2) dexamethasone provided significant BBB "tightening" effects both in the presence and absence of glioma cells; 3) the in vivo BBB is actively made more permeable by malignant glia and not simply because of a lack of astrocytic induction; 4) tumor or endothelial phospholipase A2 activity is probably not responsible for glioma-induced increased in BBB permeability; and 5) this model is useful for testing potential agents for BBB protection and for studying the pathophysiology of tumor-induced BBB disruption.
Different cytokine profiles in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative spondylarthropathies. (1996)

Our data indicate that the immunosuppressive effects of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-beta 1 predicted from in vitro studies may not be active in vivo. Different monokine profiles could be observed in patients with IL-4 and/or IFN-gamma, indicating that the T cells involved in these diseases may have different immunoregulatory properties.
Enzymatic Determination of Total Serum Cholesterol (1974)

Abstract An enzymatic method is described for determination of total serum cholesterol by use of a single aqueous reagent. The method requires no prior treatment of sample and the calibration curve is linear to 600 mg/dl. Cholesterol esters are hydrolyzed to free cholesterol by cholesterol ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.13). The free cholesterol produced is oxidized by cholesterol oxidase to cholest-4-en-3-one with the simultaneous production of hydrogen peroxide, which oxidatively couples with 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol in the presence of peroxidase to yield a chromogen with maximum absorption at 500 nm. The method is reproducible, and the results correlate well with those obtained by automated Liebermann—Burchard procedures (AA-2 and SMA 12/60) and the method of Abell et al. The present method affords better specificity than those previously reported and has excellent precision.
Chimeric molecules facilitate the degradation of androgen receptors and repress the growth of LNCaP cells (2008)

Post-translational degradation of protein plays an important role in cell life. We employed chimeric molecules (dihydrotestosterone-based proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecule [DHT-PROTAC]) to facilitate androgen receptor (AR) degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) and to investigate the role of AR in cell proliferation and viability in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were applied to analyse AR levels in LNCaP cells after DHT-PROTAC treatment. Cell counting and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay were used to evaluate cell proliferation and viability after AR elimination in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. AR was tagged for elimination via the UPP by DHT-PROTAC, and this could be blocked by proteasome inhibitors. Degradation of AR depended on DHT-PROTAC concentration, and either DHT or an ALAPYIP-(arg)(8) peptide could compete with DHT-PROTAC. Inhibition of cell proliferation and decreased viability were observed in LNCaP cells, but not in PC-3 or 786-O cells after DHT-PROTAC treatment. These data indicate that AR elimination is facilitated via the UPP by DHT-PROTAC, and that the growth of LNCaP cells is repressed after AR degradation.
Remote interactive walkthrough of city models (2004)

This paper presents a new navigation system built upon our client-server framework named Magellan. With this system one can navigate through a city model represented with procedural models transmitted to clients over a low bandwidth network. The geometry of these models is generated on the fly and in real time at the client side. The navigation system relies on different kinds of preprocessing such as space subdivision, visibility computation as well as a method for computing some parameters used to efficiently select the appropriate level of detail of objects. These two last kinds of preprocessing are automatically performed by the graphics hardware.
Passive Wi-Fi: Bringing Low Power to Wi-Fi Transmissions (2016)

Wi-Fi has traditionally been considered a power-consuming communication system and has not been widely adopting in the sensor network and IoT space. We introduce Passive Wi-Fi that demonstrates for the first time that one can generate 802.11b transmissions using backscatter communication, while consuming 3- 4 orders of magnitude lower power than existing Wi-Fi chipsets. Passive Wi-Fi transmissions can be decoded on any Wi-Fi device including routers, mobile phones and tablets. Building on this, we also present a network stack design that enables passive Wi-Fi transmitters to coexist with other devices in the ISM band, without incurring the power consumption of carrier sense and medium access control operations. We build prototype hardware and implement all four 802.11b bit rates on an FPGA platform. Our experimental evaluation shows that passive Wi-Fi transmissions can be decoded on off-the-shelf smartphones and Wi-Fi chipsets over distances of 30-100 feet in various line-of- sight and through-the-wall scenarios. Finally, we design a passive Wi-Fi IC that shows that 1 and 11 Mbps transmissions consume 14.5 and 59.2 µW respectively. This translates to 10000x lower power than existing Wi-Fi chipsets and 1000x lower power than Bluetooth LTE and ZigBee.
[Screening molecular markers in early breast cancer of the same pathological types but with different prognoses using Agilent gene chip]. (2013)

The gene expression profiles differ in early breast cancer tissues of the same pathological type but with different clinical stages and prognoses, and CD44, MKI67, NTRK2, Nek2, C16orf60, TOP2A, ANCCA, and RRM2 genes can be used as the prognostic markers for early breast cancer.
Introduction: The Institutions of the Market (2008)

Abstract This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of the significance of addressing the institutional substance of markets. It presents the underlying thesis of the chapters in this book: that the basic conceptual parameters of the new institutionalism are currently shifting towards an integrative framework that adheres to evolutionary concepts in accounting for the matter of knowledge, learning, and institutional change. The institutions of market and varieties of institutionalism, recent trends in the differentiation of institutionalist theorizing, and evolutionary reasoning on institutional change are discussed. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.