gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Two-Dimensional Transferred Nuclear Overhauser Effect: Theory and Practice (1993)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
Expression of murine CD38 defines a population of long-term reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells (1996)

Using a monoclonal antibody to murine CD38, we showed that a population of adult bone marrow cells that expressed the markers Sca-1 and c-kit but lacked the lineage markers Mac-1, GR-1, B220, IgM, CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD5 could be subdivided by the expression of CD38. We showed that CD38high c-kit+ Sca-1+, linlow/-cells sorted from adult bone marrow cultured with interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, and kit-L produced much larger colonies in liquid culture at a greater frequency than their CD38low/- counterparts. In addition, we found that CD36low/ - cells contained most of the day-12 colony-forming units-spleen (CFU-S) but were not long-term reconstituting cells, whereas the population that expressed higher levels of CD38 contained few, but significant, day-12 CFU-S and virtually all the long-term reconstituting stem cells. Interestingly, the CD38high Sca-1+ c-kit+ linlow/- cells isolated from day-E14.5 fetal liver were also found to be long-term reconstituting stem cells. This is in striking contrast to human hematopoietic progenitors in which the most primitive hematopoietic cells from fetal tissues lack the expression of CD38. Furthermore, because antibodies to CD38 could functionally replace antibodies to Thy-1.1 in a stem cell purification procedure, the use of anti-CD38 may be more generally applicable to the purification of hematopoietic stem cells from mouse strains that do not express the Thy-1.1 allele.
Notes from the Metalevel: An Introduction to Computer Composition (2004)

Introduction The Language of Lisp Functions and Data Etudes, Op. 1: The Lisp Listener Lisp Evaluation The Art of Lisp Programming Etudes, Op. 2: Musical Math Iteration and the Loop Macro Etudes, Op. 3: Iteration, Rows and Sets Parameterized Sound Description Metalevel Representation Etudes, Op. 4: Score Genereration Algorithms and Processes Etudes Op. 5: Steve Reich's Piano Phase Microtonality, Tunings and Modes Mapping Etudes Op. 6: Sonification of Chaos Randomness and Chance Composition Markov Processes Patterns and Composition Etudes, Op. 7: Automatic Jazz Etudes, Op. 8: Gyorgy Ligeti's Desordre Spectral Composition Beyond MIDI
Electrospray mass spectrometry of stable iminyl nitroxide and nitronyl nitroxide free radicals (2002)

Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra have been recorded for a range of substituted nitronyl nitroxide and iminyl nitroxide monoradicals and biradicals. Secondary species formed in the ESI source were observed as the dominant ions in both the iminyl nitroxide and nitronyl nitroxide spectra. Daughter ion spectrometry was used to establish fragmentation mechanisms for the nitronyl nitroxide and iminyl nitroxide moieties as well as the secondary species under ESI conditions.
An Illustrated Consensus on the Classification of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (2004)

Invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an almost uniformly fatal disease. Several distinct noninvasive precursor lesions can give rise to invasive adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, and the prevention, detection, and treatment of these noninvasive lesions offers the potential to cure early pancreatic cancers. Noninvasive precursors of invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas include pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), and mucinous cystic neoplasms. Diagnostic criteria, including a distinct ovarian-type stroma, and a consistent nomenclature are well established for mucinous cystic neoplasms. By contrast, consistent nomenclatures and diagnostic criteria have been more difficult to establish for PanINs and IPMNs. Because both PanINs and IPMNs consist of intraductal neoplastic proliferations of columnar, mucin-containing cells with a variable degree of papilla formation, the distinction between these two classes of precursor lesions remains problematic. Thus, considerable ambiguities still exist in the classification of noninvasive neoplasms in the pancreatic ducts. A meeting of international experts on precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer was held at The Johns Hopkins Hospital from August 18 to 19, 2003. The purpose of this meeting was to define an international acceptable set of diagnostic criteria for PanINs and IPMNs and to address a number of ambiguities that exist in the previously reported classification systems for these neoplasms. We present a consensus classification of the precursor lesions in the pancreatic ducts, PanINs and IPMNs.
Beta Carotene Therapy for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and Other Photosensitivity Diseases (1977)

• We treated with high doses of oral beta carotene (Solatene) (15 to 180 mg/ day) 133 patients suffering from erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), 27 patients with polymorphous light eruption, six patients with solar urticaria, three patients with hydroa aestivale, one patient with porphyria cutanea tarda, and two patients with actinic reticuloid to relieve the photosensitivity associated with these diseases. Eighty-four percent of the patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria increased by a factor of 3 or more their ability to tolerate sunlight. On the other hand, only nine of the patients with polymorphous light eruption, and one fifth of the patients with all of the other forms of photosensitivity treated showed similar improvement. We conclude that beta carotene is an effective treatment for EPP, but that other forms of photosensitivity will need empirical therapeutic study with beta carotene to determine the range of effectiveness, if any, of this compound in conditions other than EPP. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>113:1229-1232, 1977
A Non-Work-Conserving Operating System Scheduler For SMT Processors (2006)

Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) processors run multiple threads simultaneously on a single processing core, and the threads compete for the processor’s shared resources. Severe resource contention can lead to performance degradation. On SMT processors it is often beneficial to employ a non-work- conserving scheduling policy: running fewer threads simultaneously than the processor allows even if there are threads ready to run. In cases of severe resource contention, non-work- conserving scheduling can alleviate the contention significantly enough so as to result in better performance than if the processor were utilized to the full extent. Conventional operating systems typically do not employ non-work-conserving policies. We present a prototype of an operating system thread scheduler that uses a non-work-conserving policy whenever it may result in better performance. To determine when to use the non-work- conserving policy, the scheduler uses an analytical model that, unlike existing models, is sufficiently simple and practical for use inside the operating system. We demonstrate that the scheduler using our model correctly determines when to use the non-work- conserving policy and improves performance in those cases.
Purine analogue 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside inhibits early and late phases of the angiogenesis process. (1999)

Angiogenesis has been identified as an important target for antineoplastic therapy. The use of purine analogue antimetabolites in combination chemotherapy of solid tumors has been proposed. To assess the possibility that selected purine analogues may affect tumor neovascularization, 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (6-MMPR), 6-methylmercaptopurine, 2-aminopurine, and adenosine were evaluated for the capacity to inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. 6-MMPR inhibited fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2)-induced proliferation and delayed the repair of mechanically wounded monolayer in endothelial GM 7373 cell cultures. 6-MMPR also inhibited the formation of solid sprouts within fibrin gel by FGF2-treated murine brain microvascular endothelial cells and the formation of capillary-like structures on Matrigel by murine aortic endothelial cells transfected with FGF2 cDNA. 6-MMPR affected FGF2-induced intracellular signaling in murine aortic endothelial cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2. The other molecules were ineffective in all of the assays. In vivo, 6-MMPR inhibited vascularization in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane and prevented blood vessel formation induced by human endometrial adenocarcinoma specimens grafted onto the chorioallantoic membrane. Also, topical administration of 6-MMPR caused the regression of newly formed blood vessels in the rabbit cornea. Thus, 6-MMPR specifically inhibits both the early and the late phases of the angiogenesis process in vitro and exerts a potent anti-angiogenic activity in vivo. These results provide a new rationale for the use of selected purine analogues in combination therapy of solid cancer.
Mining partially annotated images (2011)

In this paper, we study the problem of mining partially annotated images. We first define what the problem of mining partially annotated images is, and argue that in many real-world applications annotated images are typically partially annotated and thus that the problem of mining partially annotated images exists in many situations. We then propose an effective solution to this problem based on a statistical model we have developed called the Semi-Supervised Correspondence Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (SSCHDP). The main idea of this model lies in exploiting the information pertaining to partially annotated images or even unannotated images to achieve semi-supervised learning under the HDP structure. We apply this model to completing the annotations appropriately for partially annotated images in the training data and then to predicting the annotations appropriately and completely for all the unannotated images either in the training data or in any unseen data beyond the training process. Experiments show that SSC-HDP is superior to the peer models from the recent literature when they are applied to solving the problem of mining partially annotated images.
Role of GITR in activation response of T lymphocytes (2002)

In this study, we describe the generation and characterization of mice in which GITR gene (TNFRSF18 [tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 18]), a member of the TNFRSF expressed mainly on T lymphocytes, has been ablated (GITR(-/-) mice). Results indicate that GITR inactivation does not impair the normal development of the lymphoid organs but modulates T-cell activation. In fact, when GITR(-/-) T lymphocytes are activated by treatment with an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody they proliferate more than wild-type cells. Moreover, activated GITR(-/-) T lymphocytes express higher levels of interleukin-2 receptor, produce larger amounts of interleukin-2, and are more sensitive to activation-induced cell death than controls. These results suggest that GITR is involved in the regulation of T-cell receptor/CD3-driven T-cell activation and programmed cell death.
Differential Roles for Sox15 and Sox2 in Transcriptional Control in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (2005)

Sox family transcription factors play essential roles in cell differentiation, development, and sex determination. Sox2 was previously thought to be the sole Sox protein expressed in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Sox2 associates with Oct3/4 to maintain self-renewal of ES cells. In the current study, digital differential display identified transcripts for an additional Sox family member, Sox15, enriched in mouse ES cells. Reverse transcription-PCR confirmed that Sox15 expression is highest in undifferentiated ES cells and repressed upon differentiation. Sox15 is expressed at low levels in several tissues, including testis and muscle. In vitro studies showed that Sox15, like Sox2, associated with Oct3/4 on DNA sequences containing the octamer motif and Sox-binding site. Gel mobility shift assays and SELEX analyses showed that Sox15 binds similar DNA sequences as Sox2 but with weaker affinity. In contrast to the early embryonic lethality observed in Sox2-null mice, Sox15-null ES cells and mice were grossly normal. DNA microarray analyses revealed that Otx2, Ctgf, Ebaf, and Hrc are dysregulated in Sox15-null ES cells, however. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Sox15, but not Sox2, bound to a Sox consensus binding site within the Hrc gene. Taken together, these data demonstrate differential roles for Sox15 and Sox2 in transcriptional control in mouse ES cells.
Immunostimulation of dendritic cells by cationic liposomes (2006)

A nano-aggregate liposome-polycation-DNA (LPD), composed of a cationic lipid, protamine and plasmid DNA was found to effectively deliver a human papillomavirus (HPV)-E7 epitope antigen to the antigen presenting cells of the immune system, eliciting enhanced anti-tumor immune responses in mouse models of cervical carcinoma. Both the cationic liposome and plasmid DNA were essential for the full immunostimulation activity of LPD. Interestingly, cationic liposomes alone could stimulate the antigen presenting dendritic cells (DC) leading to the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86. However, cationic lipids could not stimulate DC for the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, they were unable to enhance the expression of NF-kappaB, suggesting that dendritic cells stimulation by cationic lipids is signaled through an NF-kappaB independent mechanism. DC stimulation was specific to cationic lipids, the zwitterionic and anionic lipids showed little or no activity. The ability of different cationic lipids to stimulate the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on DC varied significantly. In general, the cationic lipids bearing ethyl phosphocholine head groups were better stimulants than their trimethylammonium counterparts. In case of the cationic lipids bearing trimethyl ammonium head groups, the ones bearing unsaturated or shorter saturated hydrophobic chains exhibited enhanced immunostimulatory activity. The LPS-induced TNF-alpha expression by dendritic cells was inhibited by active cationic lipids but not the inactive ones, suggesting the possible involvement of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) in cationic lipid mediated DC stimulation. Based on the structure-specific activation of dendritic cells by cationic lipids, a model for the immunostimulation of DC by such lipids is proposed.
Programmed necrosis and necroptosis signalling (2014)

In recent years, the paradigm of cell death regulation has changed. Nowadays, not only apoptosis but also several forms of necrosis (e.g. necroptosis) are considered to be regulated. The central roles of receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein, and the molecular signalling platforms in which these molecules participate, are being intensively studied. In particular, the role of RIPK1, being both a kinase and a scaffold molecule, in different cell death regulatory complexes is of great relevance for the field. This minireview aims to introduce the emerging and dynamic field of necroptosis to the reader, with a specific focus on intracellular signalling pathways involved in this process.
Cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of the 140-kilodalton subunit of replication factor C from mice and humans. (1994)

We have isolated a full-length mouse cDNA encoding a lysine-rich protein of 1,131 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 126 kDa. The protein binds in a sequence-unspecific manner to DNA, is localized exclusively in the nucleus, and contains a putative ATP binding site and a stretch of 80 amino acids with homology to the carboxy terminus of prokaryotic DNA ligases. On the basis of the following facts, we conclude that the isolated cDNA encodes the 140-kDa subunit of mouse replication factor C (mRFC140). (i) The sequence around the ATP binding site shows significant homology to three small subunits of human replication factor C. (ii) Polyclonal antibodies raised against the protein encoded by this cDNA cross-react with the 140-kDa subunit of purified human replication factor C (hRFC140) and recognize in mouse cell extracts an authentic protein with an apparent molecular mass of 130 kDa. (iii) Sequence comparison with a human cDNA isolated by using tryptic peptide sequence information from purified hRFC140 revealed 83% identity of the encoded proteins. The mRFC140 gene is ubiquitously expressed, and two mRNAs approximately 5.0 and 4.5 kb long have been detected. The gene was mapped by in situ hybridization to mouse chromosome 5, and its human homolog was mapped to chromosome 4 (p13-p14).
Signal-mediated import of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nucleus and specific transcription of target genes. (1990)

Bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase and derivatives that contain the nuclear localization signal (NLS) from simian virus 40 T antigen (J. J. Dunn, B. Krippl, K. Bernstein, H. Westphal, and F. W. Studier, Gene 68:259-266, 1988) were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the inducible GAL1 promoter. As determined by indirect immunofluorescence, T7 RNA polymerase lacking the NLS remained mostly in the cytoplasm, whereas the protein containing the NLS localized to the nucleus. T7 RNA polymerase containing a mutated NLS remained mostly cytoplasmic. Hybrid proteins containing the NLS near the amino terminus were enzymatically active in the yeast cell, initiating transcription selectively at a T7 promoter placed in yeast chromosomal or plasmid DNA and stopping at a specific T7 terminator. At limiting enzyme concentrations, 5 to 10 times as much target RNA was produced when the polymerase contained the NLS, presumably because more enzyme reached the nucleus. Although substantial amounts of intact mRNA accumulated, no translation of target mRNAs in yeast cells was detected.
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Isolate CMV-1 (1993)

CaMV, the type member of the caulimoviruses, a group of plant viruses containing double-stranded DNA, replicates its nucleic acid by reverse transcription (Shepherd, 1989). This mode of replication can lead to recombination in vivo between genomes of different isolates (Vaden and Melcher,
A novel centrally controlled protection scheme for traffic restoration in WDM passive optical networks (2005)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel centrally controlled protection scheme for arrayed waveguide grating-based bidirectional wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical networks which can provide automatic traffic restoration against fiber cut between remote node and optical network unit. Compared with the previous structures, its requirements on the network resources are greatly reduced with negligible protection performance degradation.
A cost analysis of a professional practice model for nursing. (1993)

Costs of nursing care among hospital units that adopted a professional practice model (PPM) were compared with traditional nursing units. PPM inpatient units used fewer temporary personnel and nursing aides, resulting in similar RN costs but lower total nursing costs. However, PPM operating rooms were more costly, mostly because of the intense use of RNs.
Electronically Tracking Antenna System for Satellite Reception (1970)

This correspondence describes a novel electronically tracking antenna system for satellite reception in the VHF range. The "hedgehog" antenna consists of several antennas directed in different directions to cover the whole sky. An electronic switch, controlled by the satellite receiver, connects the receiver to the antenna from which the desired satellite signal is obtained. This system is especially suitable for unmanned reliable receiving stations if an antenna gain of the order of 10 dB is enough.
Temporal and Spatial Mouse Brain Expression of Cereblon, An Ionic Channel Regulator Involved in Human Intelligence (2010)

A mild form of autosomal recessive, nonsyndromal intellectual disability (ARNSID) in humans is caused by a homozygous nonsense mutation in the cereblon gene (mutCRBN). Rodent crbn protein binds to the intracellular C-terminus of the large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+)channel (BK(Ca)). An mRNA variant (human SITE 2 INSERT or mouse strex) of the BK(Ca) gene (KCNMA1) that is normally expressed during embryonic development is aberrantly expressed in mutCRBN human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) as compared to wild-type (wt) LCLs. The present study analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution of crbn and kcnma1 mRNAs in the mouse brain by the quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The spatial expression pattern of endogenous and exogenous crbn proteins is characterized by immunostaining. The results show that neocortical (CTX) crbn and kcnma1 mRNA expression increases from embryonic stages to adulthood. The strex mRNA variant is >3.5-fold higher in embryos and decreases rapidly postnatally. Mouse crbn mRNA is abundant in the cerebellum (CRBM), with less expression in the CTX, hippocampus (HC), and striatum (Str) in adult mice. The intracytoplasmic distribution of endogenous crbn protein in the mouse CRBM, CTX, HC, and Str is similar to the immunostaining pattern described previously for the BK(Ca) channel. Exogenous hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged human wt- and mutCRBN proteins using cDNA transfection in HEK293T cell lines showed the same intracellular expression distribution as endogenous mouse crbn protein. The results suggest that mutCRBN may cause ARNSID by disrupting the developmental regulation of BK(Ca) in brain regions that are critical for memory and learning.
Understanding the dynamics: pathways involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (2012)

RA is a progressive inflammatory autoimmune disease with articular and systemic effects. Its exact cause is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors are contributory. T cells, B cells and the orchestrated interaction of pro-inflammatory cytokines play key roles in the pathophysiology of RA. Differentiation of naïve T cells into Th 17 (T(H)17) cells results in the production of IL-17, a potent cytokine that promotes synovitis. B cells further the pathogenic process through antigen presentation and autoantibody and cytokine production. Joint damage begins at the synovial membrane, where the influx and/or local activation of mononuclear cells and the formation of new blood vessels cause synovitis. Pannus, the osteoclast-rich portion of the synovial membrane, destroys bone, whereas enzymes secreted by synoviocytes and chondrocytes degrade cartilage. Antigen-activated CD4(+) T cells amplify the immune response by stimulating other mononuclear cells, synovial fibroblasts, chondrocytes and osteoclasts. The release of cytokines, especially TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1, causes synovial inflammation. In addition to their articular effects, pro-inflammatory cytokines promote the development of systemic effects, including production of acute-phase proteins (such as CRP), anaemia of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis and affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, resulting in fatigue and depression.
Experimental results of GaInP/sub 2//GaAs/Ge triple junction cell development for space power systems (1996)

This paper describes the successful demonstration of high efficiency, large area monolithic triple-junction, n-on-p, GaInP/sub 2//GaAs/Ge cells. The highest cell efficiency (cell size: 2 cm/spl times/2 cm) measured to date is 25.7%, under 1 sun, AM0 illumination. A very uniform distribution of cell efficiency across a 3" diameter wafer is also achieved. The average efficiency of 164, 2 cm/spl times/2 cm triple junction cells and 52 cell-interconnect-cover (CIC) assemblies are 22.6% and 21.9%, respectively. The results of temperature coefficient, 1 MeV electron irradiation and thermal cycle measurements (for CICs) are also reported.