gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and Distribution of Lactate/Monocarboxylate Transporter Isoforms in Pancreatic Islets and the Exocrine Pancreas (2001)

Transport of lactate across the plasma membrane of pancreatic islet beta-cells is slow, as described by Sekine et al. (J Biol Chem 269:4895-4902, 1994), which is a feature that may be important for normal nutrient-induced insulin secretion. Although eight members of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family have now been identified, the expression of these isoforms within the exocrine and endocrine pancreas has not been explored in detail. Using immunocytochemical analysis of pancreatic sections fixed in situ, we demonstrated three phenomena. First, immunoreactivity of the commonly expressed lactate transporter isoform MCT1 is near zero in both alpha- and beta-cells but is abundant in the pancreatic acinar cell plasma membrane. No MCT2 or MCT4 was detected in any pancreatic cell type. Second, Western analysis of purified beta- and non-beta-cell membranes revealed undetectable levels of MCT1 and MCT4. In derived beta-cell lines, MCT1 was absent from MIN6 cells and present in low amounts in INS-1 cell membranes and at high levels in RINm5F cells. MCT4 was weakly expressed in MIN6 beta-cells. Third, CD147, an MCT-associated chaperone protein, which is closely colocalized with MCT1 on acinar cell membranes, was absent from islet cell membranes. CD147 was also largely absent from MIN6 and INS-1 cells but abundant in RINm5F cells. Low expression of MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4 contributes to the enzymatic configuration of beta-cells, which is poised to ensure glucose oxidation and the generation of metabolic signals and may also be important for glucose sensing in islet non-beta-cells. MCT overexpression throughout the islet could contribute to deranged hormone secretion in some forms of type 2 diabetes.
Fast, sensitive magnetic-field sensors based on the Faraday effect in YIG (1990)

Magnetic-field sensors based on the Faraday effect in ferrimagnetic iron garnets are investigated in terms of their sensitivity, speed, and directionality. Signal-to-noise measurements at 80 Hz on small (typically 5-mm-diameter*3-mm-long) samples of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) yield noise equivalent magnetic fields of 10 nT/ square root Hz. Frequency-response measurements exhibit virtually flat response to approximately 700 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Laser balloon angioplasty: Effect of constant temperature versus constant power on tissue weld strength (1988)

Thermal fusion of intimal plaque with the arterial wall during coronary balloon angioplasty may significantly reduce the incidence of abrupt closure and may reduce the occurrence of delayed restenosis by improvement of luminal size and shape. Although Nd:YAG laser energy has been shown to be effective in the thermal fusion of plaque-arterial wall separations in vitro, the most efficient manner of energy delivery for rapid achievement of therapeutically useful equilibrium tissue temperature during laser exposure has not been defined. A comparison of weld strength achieved was therefore made between two formats of laser delivery: constant power vs. decremental power with an initial high dose followed by the minimal serial decrements necessary to maintain tissue temperature constant for 15 seconds. One hundred sixty-six tissue discs of human postmortem aorta of 11 mm diameter were studied. Intimal plaque was separated from the media, the two layers were juxtaposed, a force of 4 pounds was applied, and a fiberoptic-delivered laser beam was directed perpendicular to the tissue over a 3-mm-diameter nominal spot size. Weld strength was measured as the shear force required to separate completely the two tissue layers. The mean weld strength (75 g) achieved by use of the decremental power format was significantly higher (P less than .01) than the mean strength (32 g and 56 g) achieved by using constant power for 20 and 30 seconds, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Xenotransplantation: Infectious Risk Revisited (2004)

Xenotransplantation is a possible solution for the shortage of tissues for human transplantation. Multiple hurdles exist to clinical xenotransplantation, including immunologic barriers, metabolic differences between pigs--the source species most commonly considered--and humans, and ethical concerns. Since clinical trials were first proposed almost 10 years ago, the degree of risk for infection transmitted from the xenograft donor to the recipient has been extensively investigated. A number of potential viral pathogens have been identified including porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), and porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus (PLHV). Sensitive diagnostic assays have been developed for each virus. Human-tropic PERV are exogenous recombinants between PERV-A and PERV-C sequences and are present in only a subset of swine. Porcine cytomegalovirus can be excluded from herds of source animals by early weaning of piglets. In contrast, the risks associated with PLHV remain undefined. Microbiologic studies and assays for potential xenogeneic pathogens have furthered understanding of risks associated with xenotransplantation. Thus far, clinical xenotransplantation of pig tissues has not resulted in transmission of viral infection to humans; significant risks for disease transmission from swine to humans have not been confirmed. If immunologic hurdles can be overcome, it is reasonable to initiate carefully monitored clinical trials.
Liposomes for Specific Depletion of Macrophages from Organs and Tissues (2009)

A liposome mediated macrophage "suicide" approach has been developed, based on the liposome mediated internalization of the small hydrophilic molecule clodronate in macrophages J Leukoc Biol 62:702, 1997. This molecule has a very short half life when released in the circulation, but does not easily cross phospholipid bilayers of liposomes or cell membranes. As a consequence, once ingested by a macrophage in a liposome encapsulated form, it will be accumulated within the cell as soon as the liposomes are digested with the help of its lysosomal phospholipases. At a certain intracellular clodronate concentration, the macrophage is eliminated by apoptosis. Given the fact that, neither the liposomal phospholipids chosen, nor clodronate are toxic to other (non-phagocytic) cells, this method has proven its efficacy and specificity for depletion of macrophage subsets in various organs. In several cases, organ specific depletion can be obtained by choosing the right administration route for the clodronate liposomes.
Serum antibody responses of cattle following experimental infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7 (1996)

Oral inoculation of calves and steers with 10(10) CFU of Escherichia coli O157:H7 induced prompt and sustained increases in serum antibodies to O157 lipopolysaccharide. Neutralizing antibodies to verotoxin 1 also increased rapidly in most steers but more gradually in calves. None of the animals developed neutralizing antibodies to verotoxin 2. These serological responses were not correlated with elimination of infection in calves or steers or protection of calves against reinfection with the same strain.
Genomewide identification of proteins secreted by the Hrp type III protein secretion system of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (2002)

The ability of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 to be pathogenic on plants depends on the Hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) type III protein secretion system and the effector proteins it translocates into plant cells. Through iterative application of experimental and computational techniques, the DC3000 effector inventory has been substantially enlarged. Five homologs of known avirulence (Avr) proteins and five effector candidates, encoded by genes with putative Hrp promoters and signatures of horizontal acquisition, were demonstrated to be secreted in culture and/or translocated into Arabidopsis in a Hrp-dependent manner. These 10 Hrp-dependent outer proteins (Hops) were designated HopPtoC (AvrPpiC2 homolog), HopPtoD1 and HopPtoD2 (AvrPphD homologs), HopPtoK (AvrRps4 homolog), HopPtoJ (AvrXv3 homolog), HopPtoE, HopPtoG, HopPtoH, HopPtoI, and HopPtoS1 (an ADP-ribosyltransferase homolog). Analysis of the enlarged collection of proteins traveling the Hrp pathway in P. syringae revealed an export-associated pattern of equivalent solvent-exposed amino acids in the N-terminal five positions, a lack of Asp or Glu residues in the first 12 positions, and amphipathicity in the first 50 positions. These characteristics were used to search the unfinished DC3000 genome, yielding 32 additional candidate effector genes that predicted proteins with Hrp export signals and that also possessed signatures of horizontal acquisition. Among these were genes encoding additional ADP-ribosyltransferases, a homolog of SrfC (a candidate effector in Salmonella enterica), a catalase, and a glucokinase. One ADP-ribosyltransferase and the SrfC homolog were tested and shown to be secreted in a Hrp-dependent manner. These proteins, designated HopPtoS2 and HopPtoL, respectively, bring the DC3000 Hrp-secreted protein inventory to 22.
Effect of Pacing Chamber and Atrioventricular Delay on Acute Systolic Function of Paced Patients With Congestive Heart Failure (1999)

In this population, CHF patients with sufficiently wide surface QRS benefit from atrial-synchronous ventricular pacing, LV stimulation is required for maximum acute benefit, and the maximum benefit at any site occurs with a patient-specific AV delay.
Expression of the human multidrug resistance cDNA in insect cells generates a high activity drug-stimulated membrane ATPase. (1992)

Drug-resistant tumor cells actively extrude a variety of chemotherapeutic agents by the action of the multi-drug resistance (MDR1) gene product, the plasma membrane P-glycoprotein. In this report we show that the expression of the human MDR1 gene in cultured Sf9 insect cells via a baculovirus vector generates a high activity vanadate-sensitive membrane ATPase. This ATPase is markedly stimulated by drugs known to interact with the P-glycoprotein, such as vinblastine and verapamil, and the ability of the various drugs to stimulate the ATPase corresponds to their previously observed affinity for this transporter. The drug-stimulated ATPase is not present in uninfected or mock-infected Sf9 cells, and its appearance correlates with the appearance of the MDR1 gene product detected with a monoclonal anti-MDR protein antibody and by labeling with 8-azido-ATP. The drug-induced ATPase requires magnesium ions, does not utilize ADP or AMP as substrates, exhibits a half-maximal activation at about 0.5 mM MgATP, and its maximal activity (about 3-5 mumol/mg MDR protein/min) approaches that of the well characterized ion transport ATPases. These results provide the first direct demonstration of a high capacity drug-stimulated ATPase activity of the human multidrug resistance protein and offer a new and simple assay for the investigation of functional interactions of various drugs with this clinically important enzyme.
Total synthesis of lipid A, active principle of bacterial endotoxin. (1984)

Endotoxin of Gram negative bacteria is a cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which exhibits a wide variety of biological activities such as toxicity, pyrogenicity, immunostimulating activity and so on. Thirty years ago, Westphal and Luderitz1 proposed that these activities were attributed to a lipophilic part of LPS designated "lipid. A", whose chemical structure was proposed thereafter by their school to be a D-glucosamine j9 (1-6) disaccharide 1,4'-diphosphate which is acylated at 2,2'-amino and 3,4,6'-hydroxyl groups with various fatty acids.2~ Though this conception was generally accepted, direct evidences had been still lacking to prove it. Recently we succeeded to elucidate the total structure of the main component of lipid A isolatedd from Escherichia coil as 1, revising the previously assigned positions of acyl groups on the disaccharide backbone. Successive chemical syntheses confirmed the revised structure and unequivocally demonstrated that lipid A is the active principle of endotoxin.
Accurate Small-Signal Model for the Digital Control of an Automotive Bidirectional Dual Active Bridge (2009)

The derivation of an accurate small-signal model for a galvanically isolated, bidirectional dc-dc converter and the implementation of a corresponding controller on a DSP as well as key methods and functions required for the digital implementation are detailed in this paper. The investigated dc-dc converter, an automotive dual active bridge (DAB) system, enables power transfer between a low-voltage port (ranging from 11 to 16 V) and an HV port (240 to 450 V). The nominal power rating is 2 kW. The developed small-signal model yields highly accurate results for the DAB system, but the proposed modeling procedure could also be applied to arbitrary resonant power converters with unidirectional or bidirectional power transfer.
Regulation of Functions of Vascular Wall Cells by Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (2002)

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor that inhibits the initial reactions of blood coagulation. A major pool of TFPI is the form associated with the surface of endothelial cells, which is speculated to play an important role in regulating the functions of vascular wall cells. TFPI consists of 3 tandem Kunitz inhibitor domains, the first and second of which inhibit the tissue factor-factor VIIa complex and factor Xa, respectively. Recent findings indicate that TFPI has another function, ie, the modulation of cell proliferation. This function is based on the interaction of the C-terminal region of TFPI with these cells. In addition to endothelial cells, it has been shown that many other vascular wall cells can synthesize TFPI, eg, mesangial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes. TFPI is associated with these cells mainly through heparan sulfate proteoglycans on their surface. However, recent findings suggest that there are several other candidates for TFPI-binding proteins on these cells. On the other hand, studies on plasma levels of TFPI in patients with various diseases suggest that TFPI may be a marker of endothelial cell dysfunction. An increasing number of reports suggest that recombinant TFPI may attenuate thrombosis and prevent restenosis. Clinical trials are needed to explore these possibilities. Recent reports also indicate that the application of recombinant TFPI or TFPI gene transfer prevents restenosis in addition to thrombosis after arterial injury in the animal model; corroboration of these reports awaits clinical investigation.
Retrospective: 12 years of antigenic determinant predictions, and more. (1993)

The Hopp and Woods hydrophilicity method for locating antigenic determinants was published in 1981. In the years since then, the method has been used widely and has played a vital role in many antigenic structure studies. The method has been criticized occasionally and replacements for it have been proposed. However, at this time, the Hopp and Woods method remains a method of choice for identifying antigenic sites and other protein interaction sites, because it has a higher success rate than other similar methods. Key to the success of this method is its cautious approach to charge-charge interactions, giving equal weight to positively and negatively charged residues, whereas other methods tend to favor one or the other. It has become clear that sites chosen by our method tend to be highly exposed, charged regions of the protein's surface which project into the environment and therefore have ample opportunity to contact other proteins. We have been exploring new uses for the method, and have found some applications in locating sites for other types of interactions, including those with other macromolecules such as DNA and RNA. It seems likely that this simple and reliable procedure will continue to find use in predicting the locations of major antigenic epitopes, and may also find use as a general prediction method to identify interaction sites on proteins that make charge-dependent contacts with a variety of other biological macromolecules.
A micromodularity mechanism (2001)

A simple mechanism for structuring specifications is described. By modelling structures as atoms, it remains entirely first-order and thus amenable to automatic analysis. And by interpreting fields of structures as relations, it allows the same relational operators used in the formula language to be used for dereferencing. An extension feature allows structures to be developed incrementally, but requires no textual inclusion nor any notion of subtyping. The paper demonstrates the flexibility of the mechanism by application in a variety of common idioms.
In situ localization of mRNA using thymine-thymine dimerized cDNA. (1987)

DNA labeled with non-radioactive markers have been used for hybridization with specific DNA or RNA either on filter or in cells and tissues. The presence of protruding markers on the probe DNA has been attributed to the cause for the loss of sensitivity and specificity of hybridization. In search of a non-protruding marker, we investigated the possibility of use of T-T dimer which can be generated easily in DNA and is a potent hapten as a marker for DNA. T-T dimer in DNA was generated by UV irradiation (254μm) for total of 4, 000-5, 000 joules/m2. For in situ hybridization; cells or tissues were first fixed either with Carnoy's fixative or formaldehyde and were usually treated with 0.2N HCl, then hybridized with the T-T dimerized DNA (T-T DNA). The hybridized T-T DNA was detected immunohistochemically using rabbit anti T-T DNA and peroxidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG. With the Southern dot hybridization, the presence of 1 or less pg of complementary DNA can be detected. In cells and tissues, mRNA such as c-myc mRNA and growth hormone mRNA, and various viral DNA mRNA could be localized. The use of T-T as marker offers several advantages over other markers, it appears not interfere with the hybridization efficiency, simple to make and can be detected with high sensitivity.
Cell Migration/Chemotaxis: Biphasic Dose Responses (2001)

The dose-dependent effects of chemoattractants on target cell migration such as tumor cells, fibroblasts, and especially neutrophils were assessed. In general, the dose-response characteristics were strikingly biphasic in nature and were independent of both the target tissue and chemoattractant agent. The assessment included evaluations of the quantitative features of the dose-response relationship, mechanistic foundations of the biphasic responsiveness and clinical applications.
Neurofilament light chain predicts disease activity in relapsing-remitting MS (2017)

NCT00360906.
DNA repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: purification and characterization of apurinic endonucleases (1984)

Five chromatographically distinct apurinic endonucleases (D1, D2, D3, D4, and E) were purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae 234, 122, 1,000, 4,550, and 5,490-fold, respectively. All appeared to be class II apurinic endonucleases and were not contaminated with exonuclease or nonspecific endonuclease activities under the reaction conditions used. All had similar pH optima, but endonucleases D4 and E showed higher salt requirements and endonuclease D4 had a lower Mg2+ requirement for optimal activity than the other endonucleases. Endonuclease D4 also nicked OsO4-treated DNA. The molecular weights of the apurinic endonucleases as determined by glycerol gradient sedimentation analysis were 37,000, 49,000, and 10,000, for endonucleases E, D4, and D2, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of samples of radioiodinated endonuclease E showed the presence of two proteins.
Rhenium and Its Compounds as Hydrogenation Catalysts. III. Rhenium Heptoxide1,2,3 (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRhenium and Its Compounds as Hydrogenation Catalysts. III. Rhenium Heptoxide1,2,3H. SMITH BROADBENT, GRAHAM C. CAMPBELL, WILLIAM J. BARTLEY, and JOHN H. JOHNSONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 12, 1847–1854Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01094a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01094a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1231Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The hematopoietic factor G-CSF is a neuronal ligand that counteracts programmed cell death and drives neurogenesis (2005)

G-CSF is a potent hematopoietic factor that enhances survival and drives differentiation of myeloid lineage cells, resulting in the generation of neutrophilic granulocytes. Here, we show that G-CSF passes the intact blood-brain barrier and reduces infarct volume in 2 different rat models of acute stroke. G-CSF displays strong anti-apoptotic activity in mature neurons and activates multiple cell survival pathways. Both G-CSF and its receptor are widely expressed by neurons in the CNS, and their expression is induced by ischemia, which suggests an autocrine protective signaling mechanism. Surprisingly, the G-CSF receptor was also expressed by adult neural stem cells, and G-CSF induced neuronal differentiation in vitro. G-CSF markedly improved long-term behavioral outcome after cortical ischemia, while stimulating neural progenitor response in vivo, providing a link to functional recovery. Thus, G-CSF is an endogenous ligand in the CNS that has a dual activity beneficial both in counteracting acute neuronal degeneration and contributing to long-term plasticity after cerebral ischemia. We therefore propose G-CSF as a potential new drug for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
An advanced hierarchical modulation with rotated constellation (2010)

Hierarchical modulation has advantage that has Improved efficiency. And advanced hierarchical modulation was proposed that enhanced layer symbols are rotated to improve system efficiency. But this conventional hierarchical modulation scheme has some problems such as reduction of minimum distance of inner symbols in constellation that have 2bit error. And only constellation rotation can not optimize hierarchical modulation system. In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical modulation scheme that includes constellation rotation and symbol's image value interleaving. System can get SSD(signal space diversity) gain with constellation rotation and interleaving that brings efficiency improvement. Comparing with existing system by simulation, we can confirm excellence of proposed system