gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon–nickel intermetallic compounds supported on silica as a highly efficient catalyst for CO methanation (2013)

Silicon–nickel intermetallic compounds (IMCs) supported on silica (Si–Ni/SiO2), as a highly efficient catalyst for CO methanation, have been prepared by direct silicification of Ni/SiO2 with silane at relatively low temperature in a fluidized bed reactor. The as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, in situ FT-IR of CO adsorption, and H2-temperature programmed reduction-mass spectrometry (TPR-MS) of CO. The results indicate that uniform NiSix nanoparticles with about 3–4 nm are evenly dispersed on silica. The combined in situ FTIR and TPR-MS results suggest that the Si–Ni/SiO2 catalysts afforded high activity in CO methanation, promoting the formation of CH4 at ca. 240 °C. The catalytic hydrogenation of CO on Si–Ni/SiO2 was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor at GHSVs 48 000 mL h−1 g−1 under 1 atm in the temperature interval 200–600 °C. In the higher temperature reaction region (500–600 °C), it is notable that the Si–Ni/SiO2 catalysts present high activity for CO methanation as compared to the Ni/SiO2 catalyst. More importantly, the Si–Ni/SiO2-350 catalyst containing thermally stabile Si–Ni IMCs shows significantly higher resistance to the sintering of Ni particles. Raman characterization of the spent materials qualitatively shows that carbon deposition observed on the conventional Ni/SiO2 catalyst is much higher than that of the used Si–Ni/SiO2-350. It is proposed that small amounts of silicon interacting with Ni atoms selectively prevent the adsorption of resilient carbon species.
Expression of envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus by an insect virus vector (1987)

The envelope gene of human immunodeficiency virus was inserted into the genome of an insect virus vector (Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus). Upon infection of tissue culture cells, this recombinant virus produced immunoreactive polypeptides related to the envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus. Serological survey indicates such polypeptides would be of value as antigens in diagnostics for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Using data mining techniques for predicting individual tree mortality in tropical rain forest (2014)

Tree mortality is an essential process in forest ecosystem dynamics. It is one of the least understood phenomena due to species-rich in tropical rain forests. Individual tree mortality model was developed for predicting the probability of mortality in dipterocarpaceae tree family group in Koh Kong province, Cambodia. Finding appropriate methods for modeling mortality have often proved to be a difficult challenge. Two data mining methods were performed in this study; logistic regression and decision trees. Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) method was chosen for decision trees method since it always chooses the independent variable that has the strongest relation with the dependent variable. The probability of mortality decreased with increasing individual tree basal area. The performance of each model from both methods was compared using calibration (chi-test) and discrimination (area under receiver-operating characteristic curve or c-index). The study presented that logistic regression outperformed decision trees for both calibration and discrimination. The model developed is expected to improve the accuracy of the stand forecast.
Geometric preferences of crosslinked protein‐derived cofactors reveal a high propensity for near‐sequence pairs (2005)

Protein-derived cofactors that are composed of covalently crosslinked amino acid side chains are of increasing importance in protein science. These crosslinked protein-derived cofactors (CPDC) are formed either through direct oxidation by metal/O(2)-derived intermediates or through outer sphere oxidation by highly oxidizing cofactors. CPDCs that are formed by outer sphere oxidation do not require side-chain precursors to be coordinated by a metal center, and therefore are more difficult to identify than those formed by direct oxidation. To better understand the propensity for CPDC formation by outer sphere oxidation, the geometrical preferences of CPDCs were examined. The Dezymer algorithm has been used to identify all putative CPDC-forming mutations in 500 proteins. Geometrically, although chemically unrelated, these CPDCs were found to be similar to disulfide-bonded cysteine pairs. Additionally, the percentage of near-sequence pairs (i and i +1 to i and i + 5) increased as the average C(alpha)-C(alpha) distance between the amino acid pairs increased. This survey also examined the protein databank for proteins with pre-attack conformations for CPDCs, using non-bonded contacts reported by Procheck. A total of 323 unique proteins was identified, with 55 being near-sequence amino acid pairs. The high geometric propensity of near-sequence amino acid pairs for forming CPDCs is significant due to difficulties associated with detection by structural or mass spectrometric methods.
3,3‐Dinitrobutyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles (1980)

Abstract The syntheses of 3,5‐ bis (3,3‐dinitrobutyl)‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole and a series of 3‐aryl‐5‐(3,3‐dinitrobutyl)‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles were accomplished by treating 4,4‐dinitropentanoyl chloride with the appropriate amidoximes to yield the intermediate O ‐(4,4‐dinitropentanoyl)amidoximes, which were dehydrated to the 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles.
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Production by Human Dendritic Cells Results in the Inhibition of T Cell Proliferation (2000)

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the activation and regulation of B and T lymphocytes. Production of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) by macrophages has recently been described to result in inhibition of T cell proliferation through tryptophan degradation. Since DCs can be derived from monocytes, we sought to determine whether DCs could produce IDO which could potentially regulate T cell proliferation. Northern blot analysis of RNA from cultured monocyte-derived human DC revealed that IDO mRNA was induced upon activation with CD40 ligand and IFN-gamma. IDO produced from activated DCs was functionally active and capable of metabolizing tryptophan to kynurenine. Activated T cells were also capable of inducing IDO production by DCs, which was inhibited by a neutralizing Ab against IFN-gamma. DC production of IDO resulted in inhibition of T cell proliferation, which could be prevented using the IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-dl -tryptophan. These results suggest that activation of DCs induces the production of functional IDO, which causes depletion of tryptophan and subsequent inhibition of T cell proliferation. This may represent a potential mechanism for DCs to regulate the immune response.
NMR evidence for similarities between the DNA-binding regions of Drosophila melanogaster heat shock factor and the helix-turn-helix and HNF-3/forkhead families of transcription factors (1994)

Heteronuclear multidimensional NMR experiments of residues 33-163 of the DNA-binding domain of Drosophila heat shock factor, dHSF(33-163), were recorded, using only 3 mg of uniformly 15N-labeled or 2 mg of uniformly 15N/13C-labeled protein. The polypeptide consists of a structured part comprising three helices, a three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet, with the first two strands connected by a four-residue type I tight turn. The second helix is disrupted at its C-terminal end by a proline residue and is followed by an extended turn, leading to the third helix. The dHSF(33-163) protein is unstructured at its N- and C-termini, and a third unstructured region is found from Thr113 to Arg124. Exchange broadening of the 15N-1H correlations upon titration of 15N labeled HSF with a 13-base-pair DNA duplex suggests a DNA-binding motif in which the third helix acts as the recognition helix. Both the secondary structure and DNA-binding pattern of dHSF(33-163) suggest that the overall topology resembles that the helix-turn-helix bacterial activator CAP [Weber, I. T., & Steitz, T. A. (1987) J. Mol. Biol. 198, 311-326] and the liver-specific transcription factor HNF-3 gamma, the prototype of the HNF-3/forkhead protein family [Clark, K. L., Halay, E. D., Lai, E., & Burley, S. K. (1993) Nature 364, 412-420].
Stabilized Collagen Scaffolds for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering (2008)

Scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering must function immediately after implantation but also need to tolerate cell infiltration and gradual remodeling. We hypothesized that moderately cross-linked collagen scaffolds would fulfill these requirements. To test our hypothesis, scaffolds prepared from decellularized porcine pericardium were treated with penta-galloyl glucose (PGG), a collagen-binding polyphenol, and tested for biodegradation, biaxial mechanical properties, and in vivo biocompatibility. For controls, we used un-cross-linked scaffolds and glutaraldehyde-treated scaffolds. Results confirmed complete pericardium decellularization and the ability of scaffolds to encourage fibroblast chemotaxis and to aid in creation of anatomically correct valve-shaped constructs. Glutaraldehyde cross-linking fully stabilized collagen but did not allow for tissue remodeling and calcified when implanted subdermally in rats. PGG-treated collagen was initially resistant to collagenase and then degraded gradually, indicating partial stabilization. Moreover, PGG-treated pericardium exhibited excellent biaxial mechanical properties, did not calcify in vivo, and supported infiltration by host fibroblasts and subsequent matrix remodeling. In conclusion, PGG-treated acellular pericardium is a promising scaffold for heart valve tissue engineering.
Suppression of Fas-FasL coexpression by erythropoietin mediates erythroblast expansion during the erythropoietic stress response in vivo (2006)

Erythropoietin (Epo) is the principal regulator of the erythropoietic response to hypoxic stress, through its receptor, EpoR. The EpoR signals mediating the stress response are largely unknown, and the spectrum of progenitors that are stress responsive is not fully defined. Here, we used flow cytometry to identify stress-responsive Ter119+CD71highFSChigh early erythroblast subsets in vivo. In the mouse spleen, an erythropoietic reserve organ, early erythroblasts were present at lower frequencies and were undergoing higher rates of apoptosis than equivalent cells in bone marrow. A high proportion of splenic early erythroblasts coexpressed the death receptor Fas, and its ligand, FasL. Fas-positive early erythroblasts were significantly more likely to coexpress annexin V than equivalent, Fas-negative cells, suggesting that Fas mediates early erythroblast apoptosis in vivo. We examined several mouse models of erythropoietic stress, including erythrocytosis and beta-thalassemia. We found a dramatic increase in the frequency of splenic early erythroblasts that correlated with down-regulation of Fas and FasL from their cell surface. Further, a single injection of Epo specifically suppressed early erythroblast Fas and FasL mRNA and cell-surface expression. Therefore, Fas and FasL are negative regulators of erythropoiesis. Epo-mediated suppression of erythroblast Fas and FasL is a novel stress response pathway that facilitates erythroblast expansion in vivo.
Stereospecific production of the herbicide phosphinothricin (glufosinate): purification of aspartate transaminase from Bacillus stearothermophilus, cloning of the corresponding gene, aspC, and application in a coupled transaminase process (1996)

We have isolated and characterized an aspartate transaminase (glutamate:oxalacetate transaminase, EC 2.6.1.1) from the thermophilic microorganism Bacillus stearothermophilus. The purified enzyme has a molecular mass of 40.5 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel analysis, a temperature optimum of 95 degrees C, and a pH optimum of 8.0. The corresponding gene, aspC, was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant glutamate:oxalacetate transaminase protein was used in immobilized form together with 4-aminobutyrate:2-ketoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19) from E. coli for the production of L-phosphinothricin [L-homoalanin-4-yl-(methyl)phosphinic acid], the active ingredient of the herbicide Basta (AgrEvo GmbH), from its nonchiral 2-keto acid precursor 2-oxo-4-[(hydroxy)(methyl)phosphinoyl]butyric acid (PPO). In this new coupled process conversion rates of ca. 85% were obtained with substrate solutions containing 10% PPO by using only slight excesses of the amino donors glutamate and aspartate. The contamination of the reaction broth with amino acid by-products was < 3%.
Advances in Selective Chemical Syntheses of Complex Oligosaccharides (1982)

Abstract A wide variety of complex oligosaccharides has now been made accessible as a result of methodological improvements in the sphere of chemical synthesis, which can be used for the study of conformations and interactions with protein‐receptor molecules. Such work is of particular importance because the oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids anchored to the plasma membrane are important in cell‐cell interactions and are receptors for enzymes, hormones, proteins, and viruses; furthermore, they determine the antigen properties of cells. The methods of synthesis available for the production of selective linkages in oligosaccharides are dealt with, particular attention being paid to conversion of saccharides into oligosaccharides, which are important from the biological point of view.
Carbon Nanotubes for High-Performance Electronics—Progress and Prospect (2008)

Carbon nanotube devices offer intrinsic advantages for high-performance logic device applications. The ultrasmall body of a carbon nanotube-the tube diameter-is the key feature that should allow aggressive channel length scaling, while the intrinsic transport properties of the nanotube ensure at the same time high on-currents. In addition, the narrowness of the tube is critical to implementation of novel device concepts like the tunneling transistor. By understanding the unique capabilities of carbon nanotubes and using them in unconventional designs, novel nanoelectronic applications may become feasible. However, much better control of materials quality must be obtained, and new fabrication processes must be developed before such applications can be realized.
Vertebral scale system to measure canine heart size in radiographs (1995)

A method for measuring canine heart size in radiographs was developed on the basis that there is a good correlation between heart size and body length regardless of the conformation of the thorax. The lengths of the long and short axes of the heart of 100 clinically normal dogs were determined with calipers, and the dimensions were scaled against the length of vertebrae dorsal to the heart beginning with T4. The sum of the long and short axes of the heart expressed as vertebral heart size was 9.7 +/- 0.5 vertebrae. The differences between dogs with a wide or deep thorax, males and females, and right or left lateral recumbency were not significant. The caudal vena cava was 0.75 vertebrae +/- 0.13 in comparison to the length of the vertebra over the tracheal bifurcation.
Expression of antitumor response role of attachment and viability of bacillus calmette—guérin to bladder cancer cells (1993)

The results indicated that coexistence of BCG, even as killed by autoclaving, with tumor cells activates local immunity. Accordingly, the significance of the attachment of BCG to tumor cells in intravesical infusion therapy is surmised to lie in the fact that it results in retention of the BCG at the reaction site. This may provide a clue on how to approach future development of safer and more stable BCG-derived antitumor drugs.
Formation and reactivity of halogen derivatives of (.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)thallium (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation and reactivity of halogen derivatives of (.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)thalliumBrian G. Conway and Marvin D. RauschCite this: Organometallics 1985, 4, 4, 688–693Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00123a013https://doi.org/10.1021/om00123a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1013Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Short-Term Treadmill Running as a Model for Studying Cell-Free DNA Kinetics In Vivo (2011)

A single bout of exhaustive short-term treadmill exercise constitutes a versatile model system suitable for addressing basic questions about cf-DNA biology.
The Protein Folding Problem and Tertiary Structure Prediction (1994)

1 Modeling Side Chains in Peptides and Proteins with the Locally Enhanced Sampling/Simulated Annealing Method.- 2 Conformation Searching Using Simulated Annealing.- 3 Multiple-Start Monte Carlo Docking of Flexible Ligands.- 4 The Genetic Algorithm and Protein Tertiary Structure Prediction.- 5 Conformational Search and Protein Folding.- 6 Building Protein Folds Using Distance Geometry: Towards a General Modeling and Prediction Method.- 7 Molecular Dynamics Studies of Protein and Peptide Folding and Unfolding.- 8 Contact Potential for Global Identification of Correct Protein Folding.- 9 Neural Networks for Molecular Sequence Classification.- 10 The Dead-End Elimination Theorem: A New Approach to the Side-Chain Packing Problem.- 11 Short Structural Motifs: Definition, Identification, and Applications.- 12 In Search of Protein Folds.- 13 An Adaptive Branch-and-Bound Minimization Method Based on Dynamic Programming.- 14 Computational Complexity, Protein Structure Prediction, and the Levinthal Paradox.- 15 Toward Quantitative Protein Structure Prediction.- 16 The Role of Interior Side-Chain Packing in Protein Folding and Stability.- Keyword Index.
Carboxyl Terminus of hVIP/mov34 Is Critical for HIV-1-Vpr Interaction and Glucocorticoid-mediated Signaling (2002)

Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) vpr is a highly conserved gene among lentiviruses. The diverse functions of Vpr support interactions of this HIV accessory protein with host cell partners of important pathways. hVIP/mov34 (human Vpr Interacting Protein) is one of these identified Vpr ligands. hVIP is a 34-kDa member of the eIF3 family that is vital for early embryonic development in transgenic mice and important in cell cycle regulation. Its interaction with Vpr, however, is not yet clearly defined. Therefore, we constructed a panel of deletion mutants of this cytoplasmic cellular ligand to map the protein domain that mediates its interaction with Vpr. We observed that the carboxyl-terminal region of hVIP is critical for its interaction with Vpr. In the absence of Vpr or HIV infection, full-length hVIP is expressed in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic localization pattern of full-length hVIP protein, however, is shifted to a clear nuclear localization pattern in cells expressing both hVIP and Vpr. In contrast, Vpr did not alter the localization pattern of hVIP mutants, which have their carboxyl-terminal domain deleted. The movement of hVIP supported prior work that suggested that Vpr triggers activation of the GR receptor complex. In fact, we also observed that dexamethasone moves hVIP into the nucleus and that glucocorticoid antagonists inhibit this effect. Interestingly, the expression of an hVIP carboxyl-terminal mutant, which is not responsive to Vpr, is also not responsive to dexamethasone. These data illustrate that the carboxyl-terminal domain of hVIP is critical for mediating hVIP-Vpr interaction as well as for its glucocorticoid response. These results support the view that hVIP is a member of the complex array of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins that are regulated by HIV infection and glucocorticoids.
Plasma Membrane Localization and Functional Rescue of Truncated Forms of a G Protein-coupled Receptor (1995)

To test the hypothesis that G protein-coupled receptors consist of multiple autonomous folding domains, the rat m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor was "split" in all three intracellular (i1-i3) and all three extracellular loops (o2-o4). The six resulting polypeptide pairs (Ni1.Ci1, No2.Co2, etc.) were coexpressed in COS-7 cells and studied for their ability to bind muscarinic ligands and to activate G proteins. In addition, immunocytochemical and ELISA studies were carried out to study the expression and subcellular localization of the individual receptor fragments. Interestingly, all N- and C-terminal receptor fragments studied (except Ni1, which contained only the first transmembrane domain) were found to be localized to the plasma membrane, even when expressed alone. Coexpression of three of the six polypeptide pairs, generated by splitting the m3 muscarinic receptor in the i2, o3, or i3 loop, resulted in receptor complexes (Ni2.Ci2, No3.Co3, and Ni3.Ci3, respectively), which were able to bind muscarinic agonists and antagonists with high affinity. The No3.Co3 and Ni3.Ci3 polypeptide combinations, but not the Ni2.Ci2 complex, were also able to stimulate carbachol-dependent phosphatidyl inositol hydrolysis to a similar maximum extent as the wild type m3 muscarinic receptor. These findings strongly suggest that G protein-coupled receptors are composed of several independent folding units and may shed light on the molecular mechanisms governing receptor assembly and membrane insertion.
Spectral-domain analysis of microstrip transmissionline covered with lossy dielectric (1995)

Microstrip transmission lines show many properties which make them suitable as a medium for contact measurement of complex dielectric permittivity. Such a system could be based on determining the effective permittivity of a microstrip line covered by an unknown dielectric substance. To achieve this, an analysis of a microstrip transmission line covered with a lossy dielectric is presented which is based on the well known spectral domain Galerkin method. A comparison of the analysis with experimental measurements is presented, which shows that the theory is accurate for a range of material permittivities.
Low‐coordinate cobalt(0) N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes as catalysts for hydrosilylation of alkynes (2022)

Abstract Among the great efforts of developing cobalt‐based catalysts for hydrosilylation reactions, cobalt (II) and cobalt(I) complexes are the extensively studied ones. In contrast, explorations on cobalt(0) complexes are relatively rare. Presented herein is the investigation on the catalytic performance of low‐coordinate cobalt(0) N ‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes in the hydrosilylation reaction of alkynes, which disclosed the fine performance of [(CyIDep)Co( η 2 ‐CH 2 CHSiMe 3 ) 2 ] (CyIDep denotes for a 1,3‐bis(2′,6′‐diethylphenyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene that bears fused cyclohexyl group on the imidazole backbone) in catalyzing the syn ‐addition of a series of symmetric and unsymmetric internal alkynes with H 2 SiPh 2 , producing vinylsilanes with high regio‐selectivity. Mechanistic study indicates that the catalytic reaction likely proceeds on a cobalt(0)/cobalt(II) cycle and that the high selectivity is governed by the steric nature of the NHC ligand.