gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cationic lipid-mediated gene transfer: current concepts. (1999)

Infectious disease, heart disease, cancer, autoimmunity, genetic defects and even traumatic injury may someday be treated with gene therapy and gene transfer strategies. The potential impact of this new technology on human disease has produced optimism and expectation for scientists and lay people alike. As more effort is directed at harvesting the potential of this technology it has become clear that the success or failure of gene therapy will hinge on our ability to manipulate and control the process of gene transfer in somatic cells. Today, somatic gene transfer is accomplished using either viral or non-viral gene transfer methods. The benefits and limitations of each system are aggressively being investigated to determine which characteristics are most compatible with safe and reliable gene transfer. Gene transfer with cationic lipid/plasmid DNA complexes (cationic lipoplexes) has become a popular means of delivering therapeutic genes and is being tested in preclinical and clinical trials. Cationic lipoplexes are easy and inexpensive to produce, they are composed of non-toxic and non-immunogenic precursor, and they have the potential of delivering large polynucleotides into somatic cells. Additionally, these reagents are easily manipulated in the laboratory to incorporate novel biological functions or to produce new formulations that can be screened for in vivo gene transfer activity. The last few years has seen many advances in our understanding of molecular and biological factors that influence cationic lipid-mediated gene transfer. In this review we discuss recent developments in the field of cationic lipid-mediated gene transfer with emphasis on in vivo application where possible. We will consider new discoveries concerning the molecular and cellular events that control the uptake, transit and expression of lipoplexes in somatic cells. Recent biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies and current concepts regarding the toxicity and immunogenicity of cationic lipoplexes will also be discussed. We also survey some of the many preclinical and clinical trials using cationic lipid-mediated gene transfer, with emphasis on cancer applications.
The Bitcoin Network as Platform for Trans-organizational Attribute Authentication (2015)

WEB2015 : The Third International Conference on Building and Exploring Web Based Environments , May 24-29, 2015 , Rome, Italy
X‐linked Kallmann syndrome (1993)

Kallmann syndrome is a human genetic disorder characterized by the association of hypogonadism with the inability to smell, and is due to defects in the olfactory system development (i.e. incomplete migration of olfactory axons and of gonadotropin-releasing hormone producing neurons from the olfactory epithelium to the forebrain; aplasia or hypoplasia of olfactory bulbs and tracts). The human X-linked Kallmann syndrome gene and its chicken homologue have been cloned. Their protein products contain fibronectin type III repeats and a 'four-disulfide-core' domain also found in molecules that are involved in neural development. Consistent with the human phenotype, the chicken Kallmann gene is expressed in the developing olfactory bulb. At present the molecular and cellular mechanism of action of the Kallmann syndrome gene product is unknown. Based on expression studies and the characteristics domains of the predicted protein, it is hypothesized that the protein may be involved in targeting olfactory axons to the bulb. Alternatively, the Kallmann protein could be an extracellular matrix component required for the proper formation of the multilayered structure of the olfactory bulb.
Optimal Enzymes for Single-Molecule Sequencing (2004)

Much research effort has been made to realize a single-molecule sequencing. Central to this project are two enzymatic tasks that challenged several biochemists during the last years. They searched for polymerases for copying a DNA target into completely fluorophore-labeled DNA as well as for handling this new DNA derivative. Furthermore, they studied exonucleases for the sequential hydrolysis of completely dye-labeled DNA and explored optimal conditions for future application on the single-molecule level. In this article, the recent advances will be summarized from the biochemist's point of view.
Imposing a memory management discipline on software deployment (2004)

The deployment of software components frequently fails because dependencies on other components are not declared explicitly or are declared imprecisely. This results in an incomplete reproduction of the environment necessary for proper operation, or in interference between incompatible variants. In this paper, we show that these deployment hazards are similar to pointer hazards in memory models of programming languages and can be countered by imposing a memory management discipline on software deployment. Based on this analysis, we have developed a generic, platform and language independent, discipline for deployment that allows precise dependency verification; exact identification of component variants; computation of complete closures containing all components on which a component depends; maximal sharing of components between such closures; and concurrent installation of revisions and variants of components. We have implemented the approach in the Nix deployment system, and used it for the deployment of a large number of existing Linux packages. We compare its effectiveness to other deployment systems.
User activity monitoring using conventional cell phones (2010)

User activity monitoring has a considerable potential for a whole range of new applications in different environments: user surveillance, military purposes, health-care, etc. More precisely, in health-care there is an implicit potential application monitoring elderly people or patients suffering an illness. Besides, nowadays our society is more than ever exposed to an aging population, which is one of the main concerns of present administrations. Any technical approach alleviating the ever increasing health-care budget will be welcomed.\n\nThankfully, recent progress in communication technologies and sensor miniaturization has opened the door to new approaches overcoming the above mentioned situation, involving, for example, remote supervision of home-confined elderly people. In particular, a real-time monitoring system of human activities would be an interesting solution to supervise aged people or people deserving medical attention.\n\nIn the present paper we expose the development of a real-time monitoring system of human activities using a single cell phone equipped with some sensors. This way the monitoring system is reduced to the minimum expression, no especial hardware is required, as far as a conventional cell phone will monitor the user, classify the user activities with respect to a customized rule’s set and finally trigger the corresponding alerts when necessary
Feline immunodeficiency syndrome--a comparison between feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus and feline leukemia virus. (1988)

A feline T-lymphotrophic lentvirus (FTLV) has recently been isolated from a domestic cat free of feline leukemia virus (FeLV). This virus is distinct from FeLV (an oncornavirus), although they share a common denominator, namely, the ability to cause immunosuppression and induce lymphadenopathy and anemia. Their differences can be revealed by examining the following: the metal requirement for reverse transcriptase activity, the antigenic comparison by Western blot analysis, the different susceptibilities of a variety of feline cells, and the morphology based on electron microscopy. In the serological survey of 1,612 cats surveyed in the USA, 232 (14.4%) were seropositive for antibodies to FTLV, which was lower than for the 42 Canadian cats surveyed of which 8 (19%) were seropositive. Of the 61 cats positive for FeLV, 15 (25%) were also positive for FTLV, giving the impression that coinfection between these two retroviruses plays an important role in the cliniocpathological signs of what was previously thought to be solely an FeLV syndrome.
Low-resistance Ti/n-type Si(100) Contacts by Monolayer Se Passivation (2006)

Low-resistance contacts fabricated by selenium passivation between Ti and n-type Si(100) substrates have been characterized by low-temperature I-V, four-point probe and circular transmission line methods. The Ti-Si contacts on Se- passivated samples demonstrate a significant reduction in Schottky barrier height over control samples in low- temperature I-V. Sheet resistance of the contacts on Se- passivated 1019 cm-3 doped n-type Si(100) substrates shows a 30% reduction as compared with control samples. Accordingly, the extracted contact resistance decreases by about one order of magnitude for samples with different Ti thicknesses and different annealing temperatures. A 125%-2900% reduction in contact resistivity is achieved by Se passivation on highly- doped n-type SOI substrates with 500 Aå un-doped Si buffer layer. The reduction in contact resistance is attributed to the minimization of interface states between Ti and Si(100) surface.
Measurement of the Rate Coefficient for the Recombination ofHe+with Electrons (1972)

A computer-linked spectroscopic system with a high-sensitivity-resolution product has been used to measure the time-dependent net rate of production of neutral helium atoms resulting from the recombination of ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ with electrons in a pulsed helium afterglow at neutral pressures of 1.86 and 44.6 Torr. The recombination-rate coefficient of ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ as a function of afterglow time has been obtained by dividing these data by the product of the electron and atomic-ion density as determined from intensity measurements of radiation from bound levels in Saha equilibrium with the free electrons. Simultaneous time-resolved measurement of the electron density with a 35-GHz Fabry-Perot resonator has given the recombination-rate coefficient as a continuous function of electron densities without the need of a priori assumptions about that functional form. The electron temperature as a function of electron density in the recombining afterglow was determined from analyses of time-resolved measurements of the intensity distribution of radiation from the continuum states above the $n^{3}P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2^{3}S$ Rydberg series in atomic helium. For pressures below a nominal 2 Torr, the resulting parametrization of the recombination-rate coefficient for ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ with electrons can be represented as $\ensuremath{\alpha}=7.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}20}{(\frac{T}{300})}^{\ensuremath{-}4.3}[e]$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/sec, where $T$ is the electron temperature and [$e$] the electron density. At higher pressures the rate coefficient is found to decrease as a consequence of associative ionization of the excited states.
Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Simple Ketones Catalyzed by Ruthenium(II) Complexes (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTStereoselective Hydrogenation of Simple Ketones Catalyzed by Ruthenium(II) ComplexesTakeshi Ohkuma, Hirohito Ooka, Masashi Yamakawa, Takao Ikariya, and Ryoji NoyoriView Author Information ERATO Molecular Catalysis Project, Research Development Corporation of Japan, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota 470-03, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 15, 4872–4873Publication Date (Web):July 26, 1996Publication History Received29 May 1996Published online26 July 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo960997hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo960997hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4110Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Catalysts,Hydrogenation,Ketones,Molecular structure Get e-Alerts
Protein Profiling with Cleavable Isotope-coded Affinity Tag (cICAT) Reagents (2003)

Protein expression profiles in yeast cells, in response to salinity stress, were determined using the cleavable isotope-coded affinity tag (cICAT) labeling strategy. The analysis included separation of the mixed protein samples by SDS-PAGE, followed by excision of the entire gel lane, and division of the lane into 14 gel regions. Regions were subjected to in-gel digestion, biotin affinity chromatography, and analysis by nano-scale microcapillary liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The novel (13)C-labeled ICAT reagents have identical elution profiles for labeled peptide pairs and broadly spread the distribution of labeled peptides during reversed-phase chromatography. A total of 560 proteins were identified and quantified, with 51 displaying more than 2-fold expression differences. In addition to some known proteins involved in salt stress, four RNA-binding proteins were found to be up-regulated by high salinity, suggesting that selective RNA export from the nucleus is important for the salt-stress response. Some proteins involved in amino acid synthesis, which have been observed to be up-regulated by amino acid starvation, were also found to increase their abundance on salt stress. These results indicate that salt stress and amino acid starvation cause overlapping cellular responses and are likely to be physiologically linked.
Cochaperone immunophilin FKBP52 is critical to uterine receptivity for embryo implantation (2005)

Embryo implantation in the uterus is a critical step in mammalian reproduction, requiring preparation of the uterus receptive to blastocyst implantation. Uterine receptivity, also known as the window of implantation, lasts for a limited period, and it is during this period blastocysts normally implant. Ovarian steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone (P(4)) are the primary regulators of this process. The immunophilin FKBP52 serves as a cochaperone for steroid hormone nuclear receptors to govern appropriate hormone action in target tissues. Here we show a critical role for FKBP52 in mouse implantation. This immunophilin has unique spatiotemporal expression in the uterus during implantation, and females missing the Fkbp52 gene have complete implantation failure due to lack of attainment of uterine receptivity. The overlapping uterine expression of FKBP52 with nuclear progesterone receptor (PR) in wild-type mice together with reduced P(4) binding to PR, attenuated PR transcriptional activity and down-regulation of several P(4)-regulated genes in uteri of Fkbp52(-/-) mice, establishes this cochaperone as a critical regulator of uterine P(4) function. Interestingly, ovulation, another P(4)-mediated event, remains normal. Collectively, the present investigation provides evidence for an in vivo role for this cochaperone in regulating tissue-specific hormone action and its critical role in uterine receptivity for implantation.
Anti‐tumor and anti‐angiogenic effects in mice of heparin conjugated to angiostatic steroids (1995)

Heparin-steroid conjugates have been prepared by linking a non-anti-coagulating derivative of heparin, which binds to endothelial cells, to an angiostatic steroid, which suppresses endothelial cell division. One such conjugate, heparin adipic hydrazide (HAH) linked to cortisol, has previously been shown to inhibit both angiogenesis and the growth of solid tumors in mice. In the present study, heparin hydrazide (HH) was linked to tetrahydro S, tetrahydrocortisone and tetrahydrocortisol, which are devoid of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity and hence were predicted to have low toxicity to animals. The tetrahydro steroid conjugates were compared with the cortisol conjugate for therapeutic effectiveness against solid Lewis lung carcinoma growing in mice. HAH-cortisol reduced tumor growth by up to 75% whereas a simple mixture of HAH and cortisol was not significantly inhibitory. In contrast to HAH-cortisol, the 3 tetrahydro steroid conjugates did not significantly inhibit tumor growth. The differences in anti-tumor properties of the conjugates correlated with their ability to inhibit angiogenesis in a Matrigel implant model in mice. The tetrahydro steroid conjugates did not significantly inhibit angiogenesis whereas HAH-cortisol inhibited angiogenesis by greater than 90%. Therefore, HAH-cortisol is the most effective heparin-steroid conjugate so far developed.
Analysis of p53 Serum Antibodies in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (1996)

The proportion of patients with HNSCC who have serum p53-Abs is smaller than that of patients exhibiting tumor cell accumulation of p53 protein. The presence of p53-Abs is significantly associated with increased risks of relapse and death.
Discriminative Unsupervised Feature Learning with Convolutional Neural Networks (2014)

Current methods for training convolutional neural networks depend on large amounts of labeled samples for supervised training. In this paper we present an approach for training a convolutional neural network using only unlabeled data. We train the network to discriminate between a set of surrogate classes. Each surrogate class is formed by applying a variety of transformations to a randomly sampled ’seed ’ image patch. We find that this simple feature learning algorithm is surprisingly successful when applied to visual object recognition. The feature representation learned by our algorithm achieves classification results matching or outperforming the current state-of-the-art for unsupervised learning on several popular datasets (STL-10, CIFAR-10, Caltech-101). 1
Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (1999)

One hundred years have passed since Felix Hoffman, working at Bayer Industries, reported the successful synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid as the first nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID).1,2 At the suggestion of Hermann Dreser, Bayer's chief pharmacologist at the time,3 the compound was called “aspirin” and was purported to represent a convenient mechanism for the delivery of salicylic acid in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, menstrual pain, and fever.2 Approximately 40 years elapsed before Douthwaite and Lintott4 provided endoscopic evidence that aspirin could cause gastric mucosal damage. Numerous reports have corroborated this observation,58 and the introduction of more potent agents . . .
Insulin‐like growth factors and somatomedin B in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (1988)

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of radioreceptor assayable insulin-like growth factors (RRA-IGFs) and immunoreactive somatomedin B (SMB) (RIA-B) were determined in apparently healthy individuals and in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD). The CSF levels of RIA-B and RRA-IGFs did not alter from the healthy controls. After being acidified, the CSF from the controls and from the presenile ADs were separated over a G-50 fine Sephadex . The RRA-IGFs activity eluted in three peaks. The results indicate that the major constituent of CSF RRA in both AD patients and controls is an IGF binding protein. The two minor peaks eluted at approximately 9 K and 6 K, corresponding to the elution positions of "big" IGF-2 and IGF-2.
Effects of amino and sulfhydryl reactive agents on respiration and ethylene production in tomato and apple fruit discs (1982)

We have examined the effects of the enzyme inhibitors 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and 5,5′‐dithiobis‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) on ethylene and CO 2 production in apple and tomato fruit discs. In the past these inhibitors have been used to inhibit membrane bound enzyme systems in various animal tissues. The amino reactive inhibitor TNBS was shown to decrease ethylene production in tomato discs without affecting rates of respiration; similar results were obtained with apple. The effects of the sulfhydryl reactive inhibitor DTNB were not as clearcut as TNBS. There was little effect of DTNB on ethylene production in tomato discs, however, in apple discs ethylene production was significantly reduced. DTNB also reduced the respiration rate in apple discs, although not to the same extent as ethylene production. The inhibition of DTNB was reversed by a brief treatment with dithioerythritol. The results indicate that ethylene production takes place at the cell surface.
Sodium cromoglicate: an ineffective drug or meta‐analysis misused? (2007)

Sodium cromoglicate (SCG) has been available since around 1970 for the treatment of asthma and other allergic disorders in both adults and children. It has been approved for use around the world. Over the period of its development, a number of different formulations were introduced. In 1999, a systematic review of SCG use in childhood asthma was carried out and reported initially as a poster. Further systematic reviews and papers followed from the same authors and finally a Cochrane Collaboration review was published in 2003. All concluded that SCG was ineffective in paediatric asthma. Both the British Thoracic Society Guidelines for the treatment of paediatric asthma and the Model List of Essential Drugs of the WHO now reflect these conclusions. This paper looks carefully at the conclusions of these systematic reviews and raises concerns about the interpretation of the results. These failed to take adequate account of the changes with time in both the formulations used and the age groups examined, and also failed to take adequate note of the totality of information available over all end-points. One primary end-point was based on only four out of the 24 studies included in the review. Rather than having no effect, it is demonstrated that a considerable body of evidence favours SCG compared to placebo and, far from being ineffective, the drug appears to be effective particularly in older children. This article replaces a previously published version. DOI: 10.1002/pst.258.
Development of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells studied with a monoclonal antibody against galactocerebroside. (1982)

We have generated a hybridoma cell line secreting a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the surfaces of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, the cells involved in myelin formation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, respectively. Binding studies using purified sphingolipids showed that this antibody reacts strongly with galactocerebroside (GalC), the major galactosphingolipid of myelin. The antibody was used in conjunction with rabbit antisera against sulfatide, the sulfated form of GalC, to examine the developmental appearance of these lipids on the surfaces of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. In addition, the loss of GalC and sulfatide from freshly dissociated Schwann cells was compared. These studied showed that GalC is expressed on the cell surface prior to sulfatide on both of these cell types in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, dissociated Schwann cells lose their cell surface sulfatide more rapidly than they lose their surface GalC under nonmyelinating conditions.