gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapamycin Inhibits the Generation of Graft-Versus-Host Disease- and Graft-Versus-Leukemia-Causing T Cells by Interfering with the Production of Th1 or Th1 Cytotoxic Cytokines (1998)

Rapamycin (RAPA), an inhibitor of cytokine responses, is under investigation in humans for graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) prevention. The mechanisms responsible for GVHD prevention are unknown. We show that RAPA is more effective in inhibiting CD8+ or TCR gammadelta+ than CD4+ T cell-mediated murine GVHD. To determine how RAPA inhibited GVHD, thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) were isolated from recipients of allogeneic donor grafts. Compared with controls, RAPA-treated recipients had a marked decrease in donor TDL T cell number between days 5 and 24 posttransplant. CD8+ T cell expansion was preferentially inhibited. RAPA inhibited Th1 or Th1 cytotoxic (Tc1) cytokines, but not Th2 or Tc2, cell generation. In situ mRNA hybridization also showed that TDL T cells from RAPA-treated mice had a lower frequency of granzyme B+ cells, indicating that RAPA inhibited the generation of CTL capable of mediating cytolysis through the release of granzyme B. In another system, RAPA was found to inhibit the GVL response of delayed donor lymphocyte infusions. Since CD8+ T cells are the primary effectors in this system, these data suggest that RAPA directly interfered with GVL effector cell expansion or function. We conclude that RAPA is effective in inhibiting Th1 or Tc1 cytokine production and CD8+ and TCRgammadelta+ T cell-mediated GVHD, but abrogates GVL.
Influence of overlying tissue and probe geometry on the sensitivity of a near-infrared tissue oximeter (2001)

In this paper, the influences of overlying tissue and detecting distance between the source and the detector on the measurement of a tissue oximeter were discussed. The signal-noise-ratio of the detector was also examined. A semi-infinite multi-layer Monte Carlo model was induced to simulate the migration of the photons in the skin, adipose and muscle. The thickness of the adipose layer and the separation between the source and the detector in the muscle were changed to simulate the clinical application. Partial pathlength was introduced as a characteristic parameter to evaluate the sensitivity of the oximeter. A two-wavelength (700 and 830 nm) tissue oximeter was developed to verify the results of the simulation. The Monte Carlo simulation results showed that the sensitivity of the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) oximeter declined greatly with increasing overlying tissue thickness. Increasing the distance between the light source and the detector improved the sensitivity. However, in order to achieve a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio, it was necessary to limit this distance. The results of a bicycle ergometer exercise verified the above results and showed that, for a special adipose thickness (AT), there may be a reasonable range of the emitter-detector separation.
In vivo cloning and characterization of the gabCTDP gene cluster of Escherichia coli K-12 (1990)

The gabCTDP gene cluster, which specifies and regulates synthesis of the gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) transport carrier, of glutamate-succinic semialdehyde transaminase, and of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, responsible for the uptake and metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid in Escherichia coli K-12, was cloned in vivo, using the mini-Mu replicon bacteriophage Mu dI5086 as the vector. A subclone containing a 7.8-kilobase (kb) EcoRI-HindIII fragment complemented all of our Gab- mutants. By restriction mapping, this DNA fragment was located at kb 2800.5 to 2808.5 on the physical map of the E. coli K-12 chromosome. A subclone containing a 1.8-kb EcoRI-SalI fragment complemented the gab-repressed strain CS101A (wild-type gabC) but did not complement any gab structural gene mutants. The gab genes are divergently transcribed from promoters located in the vicinity of the unique BamHI site. Transcription in both directions is under dual control of catabolite repression and nitrogen regulation. Using a procaryotic DNA-directed translation system, we observed three insert-coded polypeptide bands of 53 to 55, 45 to 48, and 40 to 43 kilodaltons (kDa). In vivo studies with subcloned fragments of the gab DNA identified the 53- to 55- and 45- to 48-kDa bands as products of the BamHI-SalI fragment and the 40- to 43-kDa band as the product of the EcoRI-SalI fragment. An additional 26- to 28-kDa band was identified as the product of the BamHI-HindIII fragment. Furthermore, the BamHI-SalI fragment was shown to specify synthesis of the two GABA enzymes, whereas synthesis of the GABA carrier was specified by the BamHI-HindIII fragment. No catalytic function in addition to its regulatory role could be attributed to the EcoRI-SalI gene product.
Fetal derived embryonic-like stem cells improve healing in a large animal flexor tendonitis model (2011)

Such profound structural effects lend further support to the notion that pluripotent stem cells can effect musculoskeletal regeneration, rather than repair, even without in vitro lineage specific differentiation. Further investigation into the safety of pluripotent cellular therapy as well as the mechanisms by which repair was improved seem warranted.
A Null Mutation in a bZIP Factor Confers ABA-Insensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana (2000)

We have used a modification of the classical ABA-insensitive screen (Koornneef et al. 1984) to isolate novel mutations in the ABA signal transduction pathway of Arabidopsis thaliana. In our screen, mutants were recovered on the basis of their growth-insensitivity to ABA (GIA) rather than germination-insensitivity. Here we present the isolation of the gia1 mutant as well as the identification of the gia1 gene by positional cloning and complementation studies. GIA1 is predicted to code for a bZIP transcription factor with high homology to previously characterized plant bZIP transcription factors (DPBF1, ABFs and TRAB1) known for their ability to bind ABA-responsive DNA elements. Our results provide in vivo evidence that a bZIP factor may indeed be involved in ABA signaling. Since GIA1 turned out to be identical to ABI5, we designated GIA1 as ABI5 in the present paper.
A Role in B Cell Activation for CD22 and the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP (1995)

CD22 is a membrane immunoglobulin (mIg)-associated protein of B cells. CD22 is tyrosine-phosphorylated when mIg is ligated. Tyrosine-phosphorylated CD22 binds and activates SHP, a protein tyrosine phosphatase known to negatively regulate signaling through mIg. Ligation of CD22 to prevent its coaggregation with mIg lowers the threshold at which mIg activates the B cell by a factor of 100. In secondary lymphoid organs, CD22 may be sequestered away from mIg through interactions with counterreceptors on T cells. Thus, CD22 is a molecular switch for SHP that may bias mIg signaling to anatomic sites rich in T cells.
Supercritical fluid technology for enhanced drug delivery (2005)

The rapid advances in the development of formulation and delivery systems based on micron-sized and nanoscale drug particles will create significant benefits to the pharmaceutical industry. Complementary to traditional methods, supercritical fluid techniques have found many useful, and sometimes unique, applications in the production and processing of drug particles. In this article background information is provided on a variety of supercritical fluid techniques relevant to drug formulation and delivery, recent advances and novel applications are highlighted, and the successful development of a new supercritical fluid rapid expansion technique for producing exclusively nanoscale drug particles will be discussed. Challenges and opportunities for further development and future applications are also reviewed.
Analysis of the Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Genes IRS1, KCNJ11, and PPARG2 in Type 1 Diabetes (2004)

It has been proposed that type 1 and 2 diabetes might share common pathophysiological pathways and, to some extent, genetic background. However, to date there has been no convincing data to establish a molecular genetic link between them. We have genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with type 2 diabetes in a large type 1 diabetic family collection of European descent: Gly972Arg in the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene, Glu23Lys in the potassium inwardly-rectifying channel gene (KCNJ11), and Pro12Ala in the peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor gamma2 gene (PPARG2). We were unable to confirm a recently published association of the IRS1 Gly972Arg variant with type 1 diabetes. Moreover, KCNJ11 Glu23Lys showed no association with type 1 diabetes (P > 0.05). However, the PPARG2 Pro12Ala variant showed evidence of association (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.28, P = 0.008). Additional studies need to be conducted to confirm this result.
Heparin-binding fragments of fibronectin are potent inhibitors of endothelial cell growth. (1985)

Two heparin-binding proteolytic fragments of fibronectin--an amino-terminal 29-kd segment and a carboxyl-terminal 40-kd segment-are apparently specific, potent inhibitors of the growth of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells and inhibit growth in a reversible, dose-dependent manner. In contrast, native fibronectin at higher dosages neither inhibits nor interferes with the effects of the 29-kd fragment. The data, therefore, suggest that fibronectin fragments may participate in the regulation of vascular growth.
Effect of partial oxygen pressure on survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (2008)

Effects of partial oxygen pressure in a gas mixture surrounding the culture medium on survival, proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from mouse bone marrow was studied. It was found that 3% oxygen increased the survival of cells seeded at low density; the rate and duration of the MSC proliferation were also elevated. Effect of oxygen concentration on replicative activity of MSC was manifested as early as the first few days after the onset of cell growth. Studies of colony formation revealed that preincubation of cells with 21% oxygen had a negative effect on cell growth under 3% oxygen, while preincubation with 3% oxygen stimulated MSC proliferation in the presence of 21% oxygen. Notwithstanding, this effect of oxygen cannot be interpreted as unequivocally deleterious. Low partial oxygen pressure inhibited osteogenic differentiation of MSC, but adipogenic differentiation was insensitive to oxygen concentration. It is concluded that proliferation and differentiation of MSC depend critically on oxygen content in the culture medium.
Three-dimensional visualization of microstructures (1998)

This case study describes a technique for the three-dimensional analysis of the internal microscopic structure (microstructure) of materials. This technique consists of incrementally polishing through a thin layer (approximately 0.2 /spl mu/m) of material, chemically etching the polished surface, applying reference marks, and performing optical or scanning electron microscopy on selected areas. The series of images are then processed employing AVS and other visualization software to obtain a 3D reconstruction of the material. We describe how we applied this technique to an alloy steel to study the morphology, connectivity, and distribution of cementite precipitates formed during thermal processing. The results showed microstructural features not previously identified with traditional 2D techniques.
Combinations of immunostimulatory antibodies with synergistic effects against spontaneous cancer (2014)

Immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies can be given in combinations, hence modulating the activity of 2 or more receptors of the immune system. Some of these combinations have been shown to synergize at the elicitation of therapeutically relevant immune responses in transgenic mice developing spontaneous, oncogene-driven tumors, including multifocal hepatocellular carcinomas expressing ovalbumin as a surrogate tumor-associated antigen.
Recombinant thrombopoietin induces rapid protein tyrosine phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 and Shc in human blood platelets (1995)

A cDNA for the thrombopoietin has been cloned by several groups. The recombinant thrombopoietin has been reported to stimulate the megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Little is known regarding the molecular basis of its effects. To elucidate the molecular mechanism involved in signal transduction, we have investigated the effects of thrombopoietin on platelet tyrosine phosphorylation. We report here that thrombopoietin induced time- and dose-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins including Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) and a 52-kD protein, Shc, in human blood platelets. Both Jak2 and Shc were tyrosine phosphorylated within 15 seconds after stimulation. The tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak2 was accompanied by increased kinase activity, whereas Shc tyrosine phosphorylation induced its association with a 25-kD protein, Grb2. Thus, our data suggest that Jak2, Shc, and Grb2 may be involved in signal transduction after ligand binding to c-mpl in human platelets.
Transfection of hepatic genes into adult rat hepoatocytes in primary culture and their tissue‐specific expression (1989)

We describe in this paper a method for studying transient gene expression in a primary culture of adult rat hepatocytes. After isolation by collagenase perfusion, hepatocytes in a monolayer were transfected with foreign DNA by the calcium phosphate precipitation technique during the first 24 hours after plating. When they were transfected with a plasmid containing the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase driven by the early promoter of simian virus 40, hepatocytes reproducibly expressed high levels of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT); this transient expression was much higher than that obtained with the rat hepatoma cell line H4II. Different medium conditions have been tested; an optimal level of CAT activity can be obtained using a serum-free, hormonally defined medium. Using these techniques, we have investigated the expression of liver-specific genes transferred into hepatocytes. We show that the L-pyruvate kinase promoter is active in these hepatocytes while it is silent in fibroblasts. Moreover, the use of serum-free medium may allow investigation of the role of hormones and nutrients in cells which respond normally to these effectors.
In vitro pharmacologic separation of corneal endothelial migration and spreading responses. (1990)

Repair of corneal endothelial wounds involves two forms of cell translocation: (1) "migration," in which individual cells at the wound edge break contacts with neighboring cells and move as individuals into the wound defect, and (2) "spreading," in which cells within the confluent monolayer adjacent to the wound move as a group into the wound area. The authors combined morphometric analysis of Giemsa-stained cultures, phase-contrast video microscopy, and Rh-phalloidin staining of actin filaments to study the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and indomethacin on the migratory and spreading responses to wounding using an in vitro wound-closure model which mimics the amitotic state and general behavior of human corneal endothelium. They found that EGF stimulated the migration of individual cells from the wound edge, induced cellular elongation, and promoted a diffuse distribution of actin filaments. Indomethacin promoted spreading of the confluent monolayer into the wound defect, induced enlargement and flattening of cells, and promoted the formation of long, thick actin stress fibers. These results provide evidence that the migration and spreading responses of corneal endothelial cells to wounding can be pharmacologically separated. The findings suggest that migration of individual cells during wound repair may result from an endogenous form of EGF-like stimulation and that the elongated shape associated with this form of translocation results, at least in part, from an EGF-like alteration in actin-filament organization. Spreading of the confluent monolayer to cover the wound defect may result from a decrease in cyclic adenosine monophosphate induced by a transient reduction in prostaglandin E2 synthesis. This form of translocation may result, in part, from enlargement and flattening of corneal endothelial cells secondary to an enhancement of actin stress-fiber formation.
THIN DISK TECHNIQUE FOR ANALYZING ROCK FRACTURES INDUCED BY LASER IRRADIATION (1968)

The report presents results to date in the study 'Laser Assisted Rock Fracture.' Thin disc samples of marble and granite have been irradiated for short intervals with unfocused 10.6 micron (infrared) radiation from a carbon dioxide-nitrogen-helium gas laser. The specimens were exposed to laser radiation of different power levels over various areas of one side. Thermo-sensitive paints applied to the face indicated the radial temperature distribution across the specimen, and the initiation of the crack was detected using electrically conductive silver paints on the other face. Good agreement was found between the experimental data obtained from the temperature at failure and the calculated thermal stresses developed in the specimens. The results indicated that failure occurred when the induced thermal stresses exceeded the tensile strength of the rock. (Author)
Processor Tagged Descriptors: A Data Structure for Compiling for Distributed-Memory Multicomputers (1994)

The computation partitioning, communication analysis, and optimization phases performed during compilation for distributed-memory multicomputers require an efficient way of describing distributed sets of iterations and regions of data. Processor Tagged Descriptors (PTDs) provide these capabilities through a single set representation parameterized by the processor location for each dimension of a virtual mesh. A uniform representation is maintained for every processor in the mesh, whether it is a boundary or an interior node. As a result, operations on the sets are very efficient because the effect on all processors in a dimension can be captured in a single symbolic operation. In addition, PTDs are easily extended to an arbitrary number of dimensions, necessary for describing iteration sets in multiply nested loops as well as sections of multidimensional arrays. Using the symbolic features of PTDs it is also possible to generate code for variable numbers of processors, thereby allowi...
Kinetics and Mechanism of Propylene to 4-Methyl-1-pentene Catalytic Dimerization (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and Mechanism of Propylene to 4-Methyl-1-pentene Catalytic DimerizationLucio Forni and Renzo InvernizziCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1973, 12, 4, 455–459Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260048a012https://doi.org/10.1021/i260048a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views236Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Induction of IL‐8 and monoclyte chemoattractant protein‐1 by doxorubicin in human small cell lung carcinoma cells (2002)

We previously demonstrated doxorubicin-induced urokinase expression in human H69 SCLC cells by the microarray technique using Human Cancer CHIP version 2 (Takara Shuzo, Kyoto, Japan), in which 425 human cancer-related genes were spotted on glass plates (Kiguchi et al., Int J Cancer 2001;93:792-7). Microarray analysis also revealed significant induction of IL-8, a member of the CXC chemokines. We have, therefore, extended the observation by testing the effects of doxorubicin on expression of the chemokine family and provide here definitive evidence that doxorubicin induces IL-8 and MCP-1, one of the CC chemokines, at least in 2 human SCLC cells, H69 and SBC-1. IL-8 antigen levels, measured by ELISA, were markedly increased in both H69 and SBC-1 conditioned media after doxorubicin treatment, in parallel with mRNA levels; and this was dependent on the dose of doxorubicin. The ribonuclease protection assay, using a multiprobe template set for human chemokines, revealed induction of not only IL-8 but also MCP-1 in doxorubicin-treated H69 cells. MCP-1 antigen levels increased approximately 100-fold in doxorubicin-treated H69 cells. RT-PCR using specific primers for MCP-1 suggested that doxorubicin also induced MCP-1 expression in SBC-1 and SBC-3 SCLC cells. Futhermore, CAT analysis using IL-8 promoter implicated the PEA3 transcriptional factor, whose binding site was located immediately upstream of the AP-1 and NF-kappaB binding sites. Thus, it is suggested that doxorubicin induces IL-8 and MCP-1 chemokines in human SCLC cells by activating gene expression, in which at least PEA3 is involved. IL-8 and MCP-1 are major chemoattractants for neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, respectively; therefore, extensive induction of IL-8 and MCP-1 may provoke the interaction between inflammatory/immune cells and tumor cells under doxorubicin stimulation and influence many aspects of tumor cell biology.