gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor in Patients at Risk for Premature Labor with a Bulging Fetal Membrane (2002)

These results suggest that UTI therapy is very effective in patients at risk for premature labor with a moderately developed bulging membrane during the second trimester.
rho-mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation in lysophosphatidic-acid-induced tumor-cell invasion (1996)

Rat ascites hepatoma cell (MM1) invade a mesothelial cell monolayer in vitro in assay medium containing serum, but not in serum-free medium. Serum could be completely replaced by 1-oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in inducing invasion. LPA-induced invasion was inhibited by genistein, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in response to LPA was thus analyzed in order to determine the molecular mechanism of invasion. LPA of invasion-inducible concentrations evoked a transient increase in tyrosine phosphorylation, mainly of 110- to 130-kDa proteins in MM1 cells but not in mesothelial cells. These concentrations of LPA were over 10 times higher (10 to 25 micron) than those necessary to produce a variety of biological actions, such as tyrosine phosphorylation in fibroblasts, neurite retraction and platelet aggregation. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation and invasion by MM1 cells induced by LPA are largely regulated by rho p21, because both were inhibited by Clostridium botulinum C3 exo-enzyme, which is known to specifically inactivate rho p21. Invasion of MCL by MM1 cells induced by serum and that by B16FE7 cells induced by LPA were inhibited by genistein or C3 as well. By immunoprecipitation, we detected p 125 focal adhesion kinase (FAK) as a major protein of 110- to 130-kDa tyrosine phosphorylated in response to LPA. Tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin by LPA was also detected.
Immune reconstitution following bone marrow transplantation: comparison of recipients of T-cell depleted marrow with recipients of conventional marrow grafts (1989)

The reconstitution of hematopoietic cells and in vitro assays of immunologic function have been followed in leukemic patients after conventional bone marrow transplantation (BMT) (N = 34) and T-cell depleted BMT (N = 52) from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling donors. No effects of the T-cell depletion could be seen on the recovery of myeloid or lymphoid cells as measured by the day to engraftment or by the absolute number of cells through day 100. Normal numbers of lytically active natural killer cells returned the earliest and were rapidly followed in both groups of patients by the appearance of circulating B cells and normalization of the responses to B-cell mitogens. However, the recovery of normal T-cell proliferative responses were more delayed in recipients of T-cell depleted grafts. Significant quantitative differences were seen only during the first 3 months after transplantation. Neither the number of CD3+ T cells nor the ratio of CD4:CD8 positive cells differed markedly between the two transplant groups. Mitogen-induced immunoglobulin production by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients following T-cell depleted BMT was quantitatively less than that of conventional marrow recipients through the first year, with low normal IgM production reached by 4 to 6 months in both groups. IgG production reached low normal 7 to 9 months after conventional BMT but did not remain at this level until 1 year following either type of transplant. Assessment of the incidence of infections from the day the absolute neutrophil count reached 500 until day 180 after transplant revealed no significant differences between the two groups; indeed, the overall nonleukemic mortality was higher in the recipients of conventional bone marrow. Thus, in our series, the removal of mature cells from the marrow graft did not affect the rate or degree of recovery of myeloid and lymphoid cells but did affect the regeneration of in vitro T-cell dependent functions. We noted early quantitative differences and a delay in the normalization of the T-cell functions measured rather than prolonged absolute deficiencies. The in vitro deficiencies did not result in significant clinically apparent differences between the two groups.
General Synthetic Route to Cell-Permeable Block Copolymers via ROMP (2009)

The applications of block copolymers are myriad, ranging from electronics to functionalized resins to therapeutics. The ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is an especially valuable reaction for block copolymer assembly because each block can be generated with length control. We sought to use this polymerization to expand the repertoire of block copolymers by implementing a strategy that involves postpolymerization modification of a backbone bearing selectively reactive groups. To this end, we demonstrate that ROMP can be used to synthesize a block copolymer scaffold that possesses three types of functional groups-a succinimidyl ester, an alpha-chloroacetamide group, and a ketone-each of which can be modified independently. Thus, a single scaffold can be elaborated to afford a wide range of block copolymers. Exploiting this synthetic approach and the length control offered by ROMP, we assemble block copolymers capable of traversing the membrane and entering mammalian cells.
Small amino acid changes in the V3 hypervariable region of gp120 can affect the T-cell-line and macrophage tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (1992)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains display a high degree of heterogeneity in their biological properties that correlate with in vivo pathogenesis of the virus. We previously demonstrated that overlapping regions encompassing the third hypervariable domain (V3), within the envelope glycoprotein gp120 determine the tropisms of HIV-1 for T-cell lines and primary macrophages. Studies with mutant viruses carrying one or more amino acid substitutions in the V3 loop have now identified this hypervariable domain as a major determinant for these cellular host range properties. Three to five amino acid changes in this domain, but rarely a single amino acid substitution, can confer macrophage tropism and alter T-cell-line tropism. These findings emphasize the effect on cell tropism of small amino acid differences in the viral envelope and suggest that the overall conformation of the V3 loop plays the major role in determining the ability of HIV-1 to infect T-cell lines and primary macrophages.
[Study on the tumor cell targetability of folate-conjugated albumin nanoparticles]. (2004)

Folate-BSANP could be delivered into tumor cells via folate receptor-mediated endocytosis and significantly targeted to tumor cells with rich folate receptors.
Healing of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report (2017)

The therapy described here is a promising approach to treating some kinds of motor neuron disease and merits further evaluation in rigorous trials.
The reliability and validity of a scale to measure teachers' attitudes toward integration in an Australian context (1988)

This paper investigates, in an Australian context, the psychometric properties of reliability and construct validity of a scale to measure the attitudes of teachers toward the integration of handicapped children into regular schools. The responses of a sample of 301 primary school staff were factor analysed to determine the factorial validity of the 30‐item scale. The scale was found to have an underlying conceptual framework of five factors, which could be used to investigate various aspects of a teacher's attitude toward integration. The psychometric characteristics of the scale indicate that it is both reliable and factorially valid in an Australian context and that it is valid to make comparisons between American and Australian data using the scale.
An Olfactometer for Measuring Host-Seeking Behavior of Female Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)1 (1979)

A novel olfactometer, suitable for recording hostseeking behavior of mosquitoes, is described. This vertically oriented olfactometer operates by passive diffusion of attractant vapors and contains funnels and baffles which direct both attractant and mosquitoes. The olfactometer discriminates between questing and nonquesting mosquitoes within a few minutes. The results are unaffected by crowding (within certain limits) and time of day. Insemination does not affect questing behavior in this device, but sucrose ingestion inhibits host-seeking. The features of this device are compared to those of previously described olfactometers.
Effect of NASA Light-Emitting Diode Irradiation on Wound Healing (2001)

We believe that the use of NASA LED for light therapy alone, and in conjunction with hyperbaric oxygen, will greatly enhance the natural wound healing process, and more quickly return the patient to a preinjury/illness level of activity. This work is supported and managed through the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center-SBIR Program.
Cerebellin and cerebellin mRNA in the human brain, adrenal glands and the tumour tissues of adrenal tumour, ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma (1997)

The expression of cerebellin and cerebellin mRNA was studied by radioimmunoassay and Northern blot analysis in the human brain, adrenal gland and the tumour tissues of adrenal tumour, ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma. Immunoreactive cerebellin was detected in every region of brain studied, with the highest concentrations found in the hemisphere of the cerebellum (424.2 +/- 12.6 pmol/g wet weight, n = 6, mean +/- S.E.M.) and the vermis of the cerebellum (256.8 +/- 30.5 pmol/g wet weight). Immunoreactive cerebellin was also detected in the pituitary (8.2 +/- 1.8 pmol/g wet weight), the spinal cord (3.3 +/- 0.3 pmol/g wet weight) and the normal parts of adrenal glands (2.98 +/- 0.37 pmol/g wet weight, n = 9) and some tumour tissues, such as phaeochromocytomas, cortisol-producing adrenocortical adenomas, ganglioneuroblastomas and neuroblastomas. Northern blot analysis showed that cerebellin mRNA was highly expressed in the hemisphere and vermis of the cerebellum. Cerebellin mRNA was also expressed in other regions of the brain and the tumour tissues of phaeochromocytoma, cortisol-producing adrenocortical adenoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma. Immunocytochemistry of the normal adrenal gland showed that immunoreactive cerebellin was localized in the adrenal medulla. The present study has shown the expression of cerebellin and cerebellin mRNA, not only in the cerebellum but also in other regions of the brain and some tumours, such as cortisol-producing adrenocortical adenoma, phaeochromocytoma and neuroblastoma. These findings suggest possible pathophysiological roles of cerebellin peptides, not only in the cerebellum, but also in the extra-cerebellar tissues.
Hypoxia can induce c‐Met expression in glioma cells and enhance SF/HGF‐induced cell migration (2007)

The c-Met receptor and its ligand scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor (SF/HGF) are strongly overexpressed in malignant gliomas. Signaling through c-Met as well as exposure to hypoxia can stimulate glioma cell migration and invasion. In several cancer cell types, hypoxia was shown to activate the c-met promoter, which contains hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) binding sites. We hypothesized that hypoxia might upregulate c-Met also in glioma cells. Analyzing 18 different glioblastoma cell lines and 10 glioblastoma primary cultures, we found that in 50% of both the cell lines and the primary cultures c-Met protein levels were increased following exposure to hypoxia. Upregulation of c-met in response to hypoxia was also detected at the transcriptional level. In all primary cultures and in 16 of the 18 cell lines (89%), HIF-1 alpha levels were increased by hypoxia. Transfection of siRNA against HIF-1 alpha abgrogated the hypoxic induction of c-Met, suggesting that c-Met expression is upregulated by a HIF-1 alpha-dependent mechanism. Hypoxia sensitized glioblastoma cell lines which showed hypoxic induction of c-Met to the motogenic effects of SF/HGF. These findings suggest that approximately half of all human glioblastomas respond to hypoxia with an induction of c-Met, which can enhance the stimulating effect of SF/HGF on tumor cell migration.
<title>Use Of Programmable Parallel Hardware For Industrial Vision</title> (1982)

The next generation of industrial vision systems will require orders of magnitude more computation. We discuss the kinds of processing required and the architectures available. We argue that architectures based upon the ICL Distributed Array Processor are particularly well suited to this task and superior to other possible architectures for various reasons. We discuss the algorithms involved in a second generation system, and give an example in DAP Fortran of a simple first generation system.
Fatal and Nonfatal Poisoning by Hydrogen Sulfide at an Industrial Waste Site (2002)

An adult man (A) entered a pit to collect seepage at an industrial waste site in Japan. As he suddenly lost consciousness, three colleagues (B, C, D) entered the pit to rescue him. All of these men lost consciousness in the pit. Two workers (A and B) died soon after the accident, one worker (C) died 22 days after the accident, and one worker (D) survived. Since hydrogen sulfide gas was detected in the atmosphere of the pit, gas poisoning was suspected. Toxicological analyses of sulfide and thiosulfate, a metabolite of sulfide, in blood and urine of the victims were made using the extractive alkylation technique combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Sulfide was detected in the blood of A and B at levels of 0.13 and 0.11 mg/L, respectively, somewhat higher than in healthy persons. Thiosulfate was detected in whole blood of deceased victims A and B, in the plasma of deceased victim C, at concentrations of 10.53, 4.59, and 4.14 mg/L, respectively. These values were similar to those found in fatal cases of hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Thiosulfate was not detected in the plasma of survivor D. With respect to urine samples, thiosulfate was the highest in the non-acute death victim C (137.20 mg/L), followed by that in the survivor D (29.34 mg/L), and low (0.90 mg/L) and not detected in the acute death victims, A and B, respectively. Based on these results, all four patients were victims of hydrogen sulfide poisoning. The concentrations of thiosulfate in blood and urine were more useful than that for sulfide for determining hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Thiosulfate in urine was the only indicator of hydrogen sulfide poisoning in the non-fatal victim.
Plasma Kallikrein Mediates Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor–Stimulated Retinal Vascular Permeability (2009)

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy and contributes to a variety of other retinal diseases in the absence of diabetes mellitus. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system has been shown to provide beneficial effects against diabetic retinopathy, both in the absence and presence of hypertension, suggesting that angiotensin II (Ang II) and the Ang II type 1 receptor may contribute to retinal vascular dysfunction. We investigated the effects of the Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist candesartan on retinal vascular permeability (RVP) in normotensive rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and in rats with Ang II-induced hypertension. We showed that candesartan treatment decreased diabetes mellitus- and Ang II-stimulated RVP by 58% (P<0.05) and 79% (P<0.05), respectively, compared with untreated controls, suggesting that activation of the Ang II type 1 receptor contributes to blood-retinal barrier dysfunction. We found that plasma kallikrein levels are increased in the retina of rats with Ang II-stimulated hypertension and that intravitreal injection of either plasma kallikrein or bradykinin is sufficient to increase RVP. We showed that a novel small molecule inhibitor of plasma kallikrein, 1-benzyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid 4-carbamimidoyl-benzylamide, delivered systemically via a subcutaneous pump, decreased Ang II-stimulated RVP by 70% (P<0.05) and ameliorates Ang II-induced hypertension, measured from the carotid artery by telemetry, but did not reduce Ang II-induced retinal leukostasis. These findings demonstrate that activation of the Ang II type 1 receptor increases RVP and suggest that systemic plasma kallikrein inhibition may provide a new therapeutic approach for ameliorating blood-retinal barrier dysfunction induced by hypertension.
Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling mediates regranulation of rat nasal goblet cells (2001)

These data suggest a role for the EGFR cascade in neutrophil-dependent production of goblet-cell mucins. Proving this theory will require the use of selective EGFR inhibitors in clinical studies of nasal hypersecretory states.
The sequence at the 3' terminus of mouse immunoglobulin secreted mu chain messenger RNA determined from cloned cDNA. (1980)

The 3' terminal nucleotide sequence of two clones containing DNA complementary to mu chain mRNA of IgM-secreting cells has been determined. The sequence shows a termination codon (UGA) adjacent to the terminal tyrosine codon for the secreted protein and a 3' non-coding region of at least 106 bases. The primary translation product of this mu chain mRNA seems to terminate at the tyrosine of the secreted protein.
Quantifying Analytes in Paper‐Based Microfluidic Devices Without Using External Electronic Readers (2012)

A matter of time: Two quantitative assays are presented that require only measurements of time and the ability to see and/or count to quantify the presence of a specific analyte. The strategies rely on specific changes in wetting properties of paper when a hydrophobic detection reagent (compound 1) reacts with a desired analyte to produce hydrophilic products. This change in wetting properties enables selective and quantitative detection of the analyte. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Phase-I/II radio-immunotherapy study with iodine-131-labeled anti-CEA monoclonal antibody F6 F(ab′)2 in patients with non-resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (1998)

Experimental studies in nude mice with human colon-carcinoma grafts demonstrated the therapeutic efficiency of F(ab')2 fragments to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) labeled with a high dose of 131Iodine. A phase I/II study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose of 131I-labeled F(ab')2 fragments (131I-F(ab')2) from anti-CEA monoclonal antibody F6, its limiting organ toxicity and tumor uptake. Ten patients with non-resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (9 detected by CT scan and 1 by laparotomy) were treated with 131I-F(ab')2, doses ranging from 87 mCi to 300 mCi for the first 5 patients, with a constant 300-mCi dose for the last 5 patients. For all the patients, autologous bone marrow was harvested and stored before treatment. Circulating CEA ranged from 2 to 126 ng/ml. No severe adverse events were observed during or immediately following infusion of therapeutic doses. The 9 patients with radiologic evidence of liver metastases showed uptake of 131I-F(ab')2 in the metastases, as observed by single-photon-emission tomography. The only toxicity was hematologic, and no severe aplasia was observed when up to 250 mCi was infused. At the 300-mCi dose, 5 out of 6 patients presented grade-3 or -4 hematologic toxicity, with a nadir for neutrophils and thrombocytes ranging from 25 to 35 days after infusion. In these 5 cases, bone marrow was re-infused. No clinical complications were observed during aplasia. The tumor response could be evaluated in 9 out of 10 patients. One patient showed a partial response of one small liver metastasis (2 cm in diameter) and a stable evolution of the other metastases, 2 patients had stable disease, and 6 showed tumor progression at the time of evaluation (2 or 3 months after injection) by CT scan. This phase-I/II study demonstrated that a dose of 300 mCi of 131I-F(ab')2 from the anti-CEA Mab F6 is well tolerated with bone-marrow rescue, whereas a dose of 200 mCi can be infused without severe bone-marrow toxicity.
Nav1.1 Localizes to Axons of Parvalbumin-Positive Inhibitory Interneurons: A Circuit Basis for Epileptic Seizures in Mice Carrying anScn1aGene Mutation (2007)

Loss-of-function mutations in human SCN1A gene encoding Nav1.1 are associated with a severe epileptic disorder known as severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy. Here, we generated and characterized a knock-in mouse line with a loss-of-function nonsense mutation in the Scn1a gene. Both homozygous and heterozygous knock-in mice developed epileptic seizures within the first postnatal month. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that, in the developing neocortex, Nav1.1 was clustered predominantly at the axon initial segments of parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons. In heterozygous knock-in mice, trains of evoked action potentials in these fast-spiking, inhibitory cells exhibited pronounced spike amplitude decrement late in the burst. Our data indicate that Nav1.1 plays critical roles in the spike output from PV interneurons and, furthermore, that the specifically altered function of these inhibitory circuits may contribute to epileptic seizures in the mice.
Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Low-Dose Computed (2012)

Background The aggressive and heterogeneous nature of lung cancer has thwarted efforts to reduce mortality from this cancer through the use of screening. The advent of lowdose helical computed tomography (CT) altered the landscape of lung-cancer screening, with studies indicating that low-dose CT detects many tumors at early stages. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) was conducted to determine whether screening with low-dose CT could reduce mortality from lung cancer. Methods From August 2002 through April 2004, we enrolled 53,454 persons at high risk for lung cancer at 33 U.S. medical centers. Participants were randomly assigned to undergo three annual screenings with either low-dose CT (26,722 participants) or single-view posteroanterior chest radiography (26,732). Data were collected on cases of lung cancer and deaths from lung cancer that occurred through December 31, 2009. Results The rate of adherence to screening was more than 90%. The rate of positive screening tests was 24.2% with low-dose CT and 6.9% with radiography over all three rounds. A total of 96.4% of the positive screening results in the low-dose CT group and 94.5% in the radiography group were false positive results. The incidence of lung cancer was 645 cases per 100,000 person-years (1060 cancers) in the low-dose CT group, as compared with 572 cases per 100,000 person-years (941 cancers) in the radiography group (rate ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.23). There were 247 deaths from lung cancer per 100,000 person-years in the low-dose CT group and 309 deaths per 100,000 person-years in the radiography group, representing a relative reduction in mortality from lung cancer with low-dose CT screening of 20.0% (95% CI, 6.8 to 26.7; P = 0.004). The rate of death from any cause was reduced in the low-dose CT group, as compared with the radiography group, by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2 to 13.6; P = 0.02). Conclusions Screening with the use of low-dose CT reduces mortality from lung cancer. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute; National Lung Screening Trial ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00047385.)