gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) Based Transceiver for an In-Tire-Pressure Monitoring Sensor Node (2010)

Attaching a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) on the inner liner of a tire allows sensing of important additional technical parameters, such as vehicle load or tire wearout. The maximum weight of the sensor is limited to 5 grams including package, power supply, and antenna. Robustness is required against extreme levels of acceleration. The node size is limited to about 1 cm3 to avoid high force-gradients due to device-deformation and finally, a long power supply lifetime must be achieved. In this paper a low-power FSK transceiver is presented. Exploiting BAW resonators the use of a bulky and shock-sensitive crystal and a PLL can be avoided. This makes the system more robust and radically reduces the start-up time to 2 ¿s from few ms as in state-of-the-art crystal oscillator based systems. The current consumption of the transceiver is 6 mA in transmit mode with a transmit output power of 1 dBm and 8 mA in receive mode with a sensitivity of -90 dBm at a data rate of 50 kBit/s and a bit error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . The transceiver ASIC and a microcontroller ASIC, a MEMS sensor, and a BAW die are arranged in a 3-D chip stack for best compactness, lowest volume, and highest robustness. The sensor node allows sensing of pressure, acceleration, supply voltage and temperature.
Vaccinia viruses with a serpin gene deletion and expressing IFN-γ induce potent immune responses without detectable replicationin vivo (2005)

In a continuing effort to develop safe and efficacious vaccine and immunotherapeutic vectors, we constructed recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) vaccines lacking either the B13R (SPI-2) or the B22R (SPI-1) immune-modulating gene and coexpressing IFN-gamma. B13R and B22R are nonessential VV immune-modulating genes that have antiapoptotic and antiinflammatory properties with sequence homology to serine protease inhibitors (serpins). IFN-gamma is a cytokine with potent immunoregulatory, antineoplastic, and antiviral properties. We observed that these rVVs with a deletion in a serpin gene and expressing IFN-gamma replicated to high titers in tissue culture yet were avirulent in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice with no detectable viral replication in these animals. A single immunization elicited potent humoral, T helper, and cytotoxic T cell immune responses in mice despite the absence of any detectable virus replication in vivo. IFN-gamma coexpression and the inactivation of one or more VV immune-modulating genes provide an optimized method for increasing the safety while maintaining the efficacy of rVV vaccines. This strategy provides a method for developing highly safe and efficacious vaccines for smallpox and other diseases and immunotherapeutic vectors.
ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND RADIOCHEMISTRY. VOLUME 10. (1963)

This book contains eight international contributions. Also contained is an extensive index. Contents include: the subhalides of boron; carbon-rich carboranes and their metal derivatives; fluorinated hypofluorites and hypochlorites; the chemistry of the halogen azides; gaseous chloride complexes containing halogen bridges; one-dimensional inorganic platinum-chain electrical conductors; transition-metal alkoxides; transition-metal thionitrosyl and related complexes; and an index.
Application-Specific Proxy Servers as HTTP Stream Transducers (1995)

If one wishes to execute specialized processing on the HTTP requests and responses that flow between WWW clients and servers, one can add the processing in the clients, in the servers, or between them. We describe a novel approach to the latter; we generalize the notion of proxy servers to construct application-specific proxies that act as transducers on the HTTP stream. We have built a sample set of transducers to demonstrate the idea and an initial toolkit to ease the task of constructing these transducers and attaching them to the HTTP stream.
A mouse model for EML4-ALK -positive lung cancer (2008)

EML4-ALK is a fusion-type protein tyrosine kinase that is generated in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a result of a recurrent chromosome inversion, inv (2)(p21p23). Although mouse 3T3 fibroblasts expressing human EML4-ALK form transformed foci in culture and s.c. tumors in nude mice, it has remained unclear whether this fusion protein plays an essential role in the carcinogenesis of NSCLC. To address this issue, we have now established transgenic mouse lines that express EML4-ALK specifically in lung alveolar epithelial cells. All of the transgenic mice examined developed hundreds of adenocarcinoma nodules in both lungs within a few weeks after birth, confirming the potent oncogenic activity of the fusion kinase. Although such tumors underwent progressive enlargement in control animals, oral administration of a small-molecule inhibitor of the kinase activity of ALK resulted in their rapid disappearance. Similarly, whereas i.v. injection of 3T3 cells expressing EML4-ALK induced lethal respiratory failure in recipient nude mice, administration of the ALK inhibitor effectively cleared the tumor burden and improved the survival of such animals. These data together reinforce the pivotal role of EML4-ALK in the pathogenesis of NSCLC in humans, and they provide experimental support for the treatment of this intractable cancer with ALK inhibitors.
Interleukin-8 in sepsis: relation to shock and inflammatory mediators (1992)

Because of its neutrophil-activating properties, interleukin-8 (IL-8) may play an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. We measured circulating IL-8 levels in 47 patients with clinical sepsis. Levels on admission were elevated in 42 of the 47 patients (89%) and were comparable in patients with gram-positive or gram-negative infections. Patients with shock had significantly higher IL-8 levels than normotensive patients (P = 0.0014, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test), whereas no differences in IL-8 levels were found between patients with or without adult respiratory distress syndrome. Patients who died had higher IL-8 levels on admission than the patients who survived. The largest differences in IL-8 levels between survivors and nonsurvivors was found when only patients with positive cultures were considered (P = 0.0342). IL-8 levels appeared to correlate significantly with lactate levels and inversely with leukocyte and platelet numbers and mean arterial pressure. In addition, the IL-8 level in the sepsis patients was found to correlate significantly with levels of IL-6, elastase-alpha 1-antitrypsin, and C3a. Serial observations revealed that in most patients IL-8 levels decreased, irrespective of the outcome. Thus, our results demonstrate that IL-8 levels are increased in most patients with sepsis and correlate with some important clinical, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters. These findings suggest a role for IL-8 in the pathophysiology of sepsis.
Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulose as the Entry Point into Biorefinery Schemes (2009)

Cellulose is a major source of glucose because it is readily available, renewable, and does not compete with the food supply. Hydrolysis of cellulose is experiencing a new research and development cycle in which this reaction is carried out over solid catalysts and coupled to other reactions for increased efficiency. Cellulose is typically not soluble in conventional solvents and very resistant to chemical and biological transformations. This Review focuses on aspects related to the hydrolysis of cellulose as this process is a significant entry point into the biorefinery scheme based on carbohydrates for the production of biofuels and biochemicals. Structural features of cellulose, conventional acid-catalyzed reactions, and the use of solid acid catalysts for hydrolysis are discussed. The longterm success of the biorefinery concept depends on the development of energetically efficient processes to convert cellulose directly or indirectly into biofuels and chemicals.
A major immunogen in Schistosoma mansoni infections is homologous to the heat-shock protein Hsp70. (1987)

A 70,000 mol wt protein of Schistosoma mansoni was shown to be a major immunogen that invariably elicited an antibody response in infected humans. The universality of the response to this abundant antigen was confirmed in experimental animals and included the antibody response associated with the protective irradiated cercarial vaccine. We identified the 70,000 mol wt antigen as an S. mansoni homologue of the major eukaryotic heat-shock protein hsp70 by DNA sequence analysis of a cDNA insert from a lambda gt11 clone expressing the antigen and located the immunodominant epitope near the COOH-terminus of the molecule. The antigenic relationship of hsp70 to schistosome infections suggested an important role for this protein in parasite development and pathogenesis.
Gel electrophoretic isolation of splicing complexes containing U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. (1988)

Assembly of splicing precursor RNAs into ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP) complexes during incubation in in vitro splicing extracts was monitored by a new system of RNP gel electrophoresis. The temporal pattern of assembly observed by our system was identical to that obtained by other gel and gradient methodologies. In contrast to the results obtained by other systems, however, we observed requirements of U1 small nuclear RNPs (snRNPs) and 5' splice junction sequences for formation of specific complexes and retention of U1 snRNPs within gel-fractionated complexes. Single-intron substrate RNAs rapidly assembled into slow-migrating complexes. The first specific complex (A) appeared within a minute of incubation and required ATP, 5' and 3' precursor RNA consensus sequences, and intact U1 and U2 RNAs for formation. A second complex (B) containing precursor RNA appeared after 15 min of incubation. Lariat-exon 2 and exon 1 intermediates first appeared in this complex, operationally defining it as the active spliceosome. U4 RNA was required for appearance of complex B. Released lariat first appeared in a complex of intermediate mobility (A') and subsequently in rapidly migrating diffuse complexes. Ligated product RNA was observed only in fast-migrating complexes. U1 snRNPs were detected as components of gel-isolated complexes. Radiolabeled RNA within the A and B complexes was immunoprecipitated by U1-specific antibodies under gel-loading conditions and from gel-isolated complexes. Therefore, the RNP antigen remained associated with assembled complexes during gel electrophoresis. In addition, 5' splice junction sequences within gel-isolated A and B complexes were inaccessible to RNase H cleavage in the presence of a complementary oligonucleotide. Therefore, nuclear factors that bind 5' splice junctions also remained associated with 5' splice junctions under our gel conditions.
Report of IAB Workshop on Security in the Internet Architecture - February 8-10, 1994 (1994)

This document is a report on an Internet architecture workshop, initiated by the IAB and held at USC Information Sciences Institute on February 8-10, 1994. This workshop generally focused on security issues in the Internet architecture.
Roles of dopamine receptors in long-term depression: enhancement via D1 receptors and inhibition via D2 receptors. (1996)

The effects of both the activation and the blockade of D1 or D2 dopamine receptors on long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission, and the involvement of NMDA and GABA receptors in LTD, were investigated in CA1 neurons of rat hippocampal slices. Low-frequency stimulation (LFS, 450 pulses at 1 Hz) produced LTD of the slope of field EPSPs (-14.3%, mean, n = 10). The induction of LTD was blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist, AP5 (1.4%, n = 7), by the D1 receptor antagonist, SCH-23390 (3.5%, n = 8), or by the D2 receptor agonist, LY-171555 (4.4%, n = 8). Either the activation of D1 receptors by SKF-38393 or the blockade of D2 receptors by sulpiride produced significantly larger LTD than the control LTD (-31.1%, n = 11; -30.6%, n = 9, respectively). Although LTD was blocked by picrotoxin, a GABAA receptor/Cl- channel antagonist (4.9%, n = 8), LTD was produced by LFS in the medium containing both SKF-38393 and picrotoxin (-27.3%, n = 7). These results indicate that: (1) the induction of LTD by LFS in hippocampal CA1 neurons is under the influence of both NMDA and GABA receptors; (2) both D1 and D2 receptors are involved in the modulation of LTD in that the activation of D1 receptors enhances LTD, while that of D2 receptors inhibits LTD, and (3) while the induction of LTD is blocked by picrotoxin, this effect is superseded by SKF-38393.
Wine bottle closures: physical characteristics and effect on composition and sensory properties of a Semillon wine 1. Performance up to 20 months post-bottling (2001)

A Semillon wine was bottled using 14 different closures: a screw-cap type, two grades of conventional natural cork, two ‘technical cork’ closures (natural cork with a synthetic component), and 9 closures manufactured from synthetic polymer material. Closure performance was evaluated for physical aspects (e.g. extraction force and energy, change in closure diameter, and ease of closure reinsertion), and for wine composition and sensory properties. Wine under the screw cap closure retained the greatest concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ascorbic acid and had the slowest rate of browning. For other closures the trend of SO2 loss relative to the screw cap closure was apparent from an early stage of testing, and was most evident in the group of synthetic closures, intermediate in the conventional corks, and least evident in the technical cork closures. The loss of SO2 was in general highly correlated with an increase in wine browning (OD420) and the concentration of SO2 in the wine at six months was a strong predictor of future browning in the wine, particularly after eighteen months. Neither the concentration of dissolved oxygen at bottling (0.6–3.1 mg/L), nor the physical closure measures were predictors of future browning. For several closures upright storage tended to accelerate loss of SO2 from the wine, but in many cases this effect was marginal. The closures differed widely in regard to physical characteristics, and in general synthetic corks appeared least ‘consumer-friendly’ in terms of extraction forces, energies, and ease of closure re-insertion, but there was a trend for natural cork closures to exhibit larger variability in physical characteristics than technical cork and synthetic closures. Sensory analysis indicated large differences in wine flavour properties, with closures which tended to result in the best retention of free SO2 having wine sensory scores for ‘citrus’ that were generally high whilst scores for the attributes ‘developed’/‘oxidised’ were low. The situation was reversed for wine under closures that performed poorly in the retention of free SO2. It was found that below a critical level of free SO2 remaining in the wine, closures exhibited substantially higher ‘oxidised’ aroma. Whilst trichloroanisole-type (TCA) taint was a noticeable problem for some cork and technical cork closures, any plastic-type taint appeared not to be a problem with most synthetic closures.
The use of cell-free fetal nucleic acids in maternal blood for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (2008)

The analysis of cffNA may allow NIPD for a variety of genetic conditions and may in future form part of national antenatal screening programmes for DS and other common genetic disorders.
Iron in immunity, cancer and inflammation (1989)

The molecular biology of iron-binding proteins, P.Arosio et al iron and cells of the immune system, J.H.Brock the anaemia of inflammation and chronic disease, A.M.Konijn and C.Hershko iron and joint inflammation, F.J.Andrews et al inflammation and parasitic disease, I.A.Clark and G.Chaudhri iron-binding proteins and the regulation of haematopoietic cell proliferation/differentiation, H.E.Broxmeyer iron, the iron-binding proteins and bone marrow cell differentiation, J.Fletcher the immunology of iron overload, M.de Sousa iron and tumor cell growth, H.H.Sussman ferritin as a marker of malignancy, C.Moroz and H.Bessler iron-related markers in liver cancer, J.L.Israel et al the iron-binding proteins in nuclear medicine - uses in diagnosis and therapy, M.R.Zalutsky potential clinical uses of anti-transferrin receptor monoclonal antibodies, I.S.Trowbridge clinical use of iron chelation, M.J.Pippard.
Coordinated Polar Localization of Auxin Efflux Carrier PIN1 by GNOM ARF GEF (1999)

The plant hormone auxin is transported in a polar manner along the shoot-root axis, which requires efflux carriers such as PIN1. Asymmetric localization of PIN1 develops from a random distribution in Arabidopsis early embryogenesis. Coordinated polar localization of PIN1 is defective in gnom embryos. GNOM is a membrane-associated guanine-nucleotide exchange factor on ADP-ribosylation factor G protein (ARF GEF). Thus, GNOM-dependent vesicle trafficking may establish cell polarity, resulting in polar auxin transport.
Applications of Electrochemistry in the Fabrication and Characterization of Thin‐Film Solar Cells (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Electrochemical Routes to Thin-Film Solar Cells Characterization of Solar Cell Materials using Electrolyte Contacts Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Evidence for ovarian “inhibin”: Suppression of the secondary rise in serum follicle stimulating hormone levels in proestrous rats by injection of porcine follicular fluid (1977)

The present studies were carried out to see if porcine follicular fluid could inhibit increases in serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels when injected into the rat. For these studies the pentobarbital-treated proestrous rat was chosen as the major test animal model. If an artificial surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) is administered to these rats, it can induce a synchronized secondary rise in FSH secretion rate. Normal saline-treated rats were also used as test animals. They exhibit preovulatory endogenous "surges" of LH and FSH, and also a secondary FSH rise. Porcine follicular fluid was harvested from medium-sized and large (3- to 10-mm diameter) follicles and treated with charcoal to remove endogenous steroids. Charcoal-treated porcine serum served as a control solution. The fluid was injected intraperitoneally in two 0.5-ml doses into pentobarbital-treated proestrous rats immediately and 3 hr after LH injection. Follicular fluid, but not the serum, suppressed the secondary, LH-induced FSH rise (P < 0.01) in a dose-dependent manner, without altering the effects of LH upon serum ovarian steroid levels or follicular rupture. It was effective down to a total dose of 200 mul. Porcine follicular fluid also blocked the secondary FSH surge in normal proestrous rats exhibiting endogenous LH/FSH primary surges. Thus, it would appear that porcine follicular fluid contains a non-steroidal substance(s) that can block the secretion of FSH that is secondary to a natural or artificial LH surge.
SAR Studies on Trisubstituted Benzimidazoles as Inhibitors of Mtb FtsZ for the Development of Novel Antitubercular Agents (2013)

FtsZ, an essential protein for bacterial cell division, is a highly promising therapeutic target, especially for the discovery and development of new-generation anti-TB agents. Following up the identification of two lead 2,5,6-trisubstituted benzimidazoles, 1 and 2, targeting Mtb-FtsZ in our previous study, an extensive SAR study for optimization of these lead compounds was performed through systematic modification of the 5 and 6 positions. This study has successfully led to the discovery of a highly potent advanced lead 5f (MIC = 0.06 μg/mL) and several other compounds with comparable potencies. These advanced lead compounds possess a dimethylamino group at the 6 position. The functional groups at the 5 position exhibit substantial effects on the antibacterial activity as well. In vitro experiments such as the FtsZ polymerization inhibitory assay and TEM analysis of Mtb-FtsZ treated with 5f and others indicate that Mtb-FtsZ is the molecular target for their antibacterial activity.
Oxidative DNA damage associated with intense noise exposure in a rat (2001)

Increasing evidence suggests that noise-induced hearing loss may be prevented with antioxidant therapy. In order to appreciate treatment constraints, a biochemical marker(s) of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage is necessary. Without a marker, the timing of damage and biologically effective exposure(s) cannot be understood fully. This study examined the time course of ROS damage following noise exposure resulting in permanent threshold shift in a rat. Cochlea, brain, liver, serum and urine were analyzed. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed by measuring 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). Lipid peroxidation was measured via the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance’s (TBARS’s) colormetric assay for detection of aldehydes (e.g., malondialdehyde). Auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emissions thresholds showed progressive elevation up to 3–8-h post-exposure, then notable recovery at 72 h, and some worsening at 672 h. 8OHdG/dG was significantly elevated in cochlea at 8-h post-exposure, and in the brain and liver at 72 h. TBARS were significantly elevated in serum at 72 h. This is the first evidence that oxidative DNA damage is present in cochlea following intense noise, and that the timing of damage corresponds to the timing of functional impairment.
Structure, Function, and Genetics of Streptococcal M Protein (1988)

Streptococcal M protein is a coiled-coil fibrillar structure extending about 60 nm from the cell wall. From DNA sequencing of the M6 protein gene, it has been determined that the C-terminal end contains a membrane anchor and an adjacent cell wall stabilization domain, both of which are similar to C-terminal regions of surface proteins in other gram-positive organisms. Studies with monoclonal antibodies revealed that the C-terminal half of the protein is conserved among M proteins of different serotypes, whereas the N-terminal half varies. The M protein contains tandem repeats, which, through homologous recombination, are responsible for the observed size variation of the M proteins from different streptococcal strains. M protein size mutants occur in a laboratory-grown culture at a frequency of 1/2,000 colony-forming units. DNA sequence analysis of the M gene in size mutants derived from a single strain suggests that sequence changes which result from homologous recombination may play a role in the antigenic variation of M protein.