gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering porcine arteries: Effects of scaffold modification (2003)

Techniques have been developed to culture bovine or porcine vascular cells on polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds to form engineered vessels. Previously, it was shown that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that were in close proximity to PGA remnants after 8 weeks of culture had lower expression of SMC markers of differentiation and were more mitotic compared with SMCs that were distant from polymer residuals. Modifications of PGA were explored as a means to minimize residual polymer fragments after culture. To hasten degradation, polymer was treated with heat, NaOH, or gamma-irradiation. Differential scanning calorimetry, mass and tensile strength degradation, and inherent viscosity were used to assess polymer characteristics. When polymer was maintained in aqueous conditions, tensile strength of treated PGA degraded to zero within 3 weeks for each treatment. Engineered vessel constructs cultured on NaOH and gamma-treated polymer displayed smooth muscle alpha-actin throughout the vessel wall. Scaffold treatment impacted graft morphology, cellular differentiation, and mechanical integrity.
Learning to parse spontaneous speech (2002)

We describe and experimentally evaluate a system, FeasPar, that learns parsing of spontaneous speech. To train and run FeasPar (Feature Structure Parser), only limited handmodeled knowledge is required. The FeasPar architecture consists of neural networks and a search. The networks split the incoming sentence into chunks, which are labeled with feature values and chunk relations. Then the search finds the most probable and consistent feature structure. FeasPar is trained, tested and evaluated with the spontaneous scheduling task, and compared with two samples of a handmodeled GLR* parser, developed for 4 months and 2 years, respectively. The handmodeling effort for FeasPar is 2 weeks. FeasPar performs better than the GLR* parser developed 4 months in all six comparisons that are made and has a similar performance to the GLR* parser developed for 2 years.
Pinning techniques for low-floor detection/decoding of LDPC-Coded partial response channels (2008)

There is a well-known error-floor phenomenon associated with iterative LDPC decoders which has delayed the use of LDPC codes in certain communication and storage systems. Error floors are known to generally be caused by so-called trapping sets, subsets of code bits which induce a subgraph in a codepsilas Tanner graph that have the effect of locking up the decoder. In earlier work, the authors proposed three decoder-based techniques that lower the LDPC error floors on binary-input AWGN channels. In this paper, we introduce two techniques that lower the error-rate floors for LDPC-coded partial response (PR) channels, which are applicable to magnetic and optical storage. The techniques involve, via external measures, ldquopinningrdquo one of the bits in each problematic trapping set and then letting the iterative decoder proceed to correct the rest of the bits. We present two classes of pinning solutions: (1) a pre-pinning technique which fixes (pins) selected trapping set bits prior to transmission and (2) a post-pinning approach which utilizes information from outer BCH decoders to pin bits in trapping sets. Our simulations on PR1 and EPR4 channels demonstrate that the floor for the code chosen for this study, a 0.78(2048,1600) quasi-cyclic LDPC code, is lowered by orders of magnitude, beyond the reach of simulations.
Piezoelectric cantilever acoustic transducer (1998)

We present a piezoelectric acoustic transducer fabricated on a bulk-micromachined cantilever diaphragm. Use of the cantilever as a supporting diaphragm produces a highly sensitive microphone. In addition, when the device is driven electrically as an output transducer, a microspeaker, the relatively large deflections produce significant acoustic output. A voltage-to-frequency converter has also been demonstrated with piezoelectric cantilever transducers. The 2 x 2 x 0.0047 mm(3) micromachined transducer has a zinc oxide (ZnO) piezoelectric thin film on a 1.5 mu m thick cantilever diaphragm, made of LPCVD low-stress silicon nitride. The measured cantilever microphone sensitivity is fairly constant around 3 mV mu bar(-1) in the low-frequency range below the first resonant frequency, which occurs at 1.8 kHz. The microspeaker output is approximately 100 dB SPL at 4.8 kHz and 12 VP-P (peak-peak) input drive. The voltage-to-frequency conversion is accomplished by the addition of a conducting plate and an aluminum (Al) sputtered layer on the underside of the cantilever. The resonant frequency of the microspeaker is changed by the potential applied between the top conducting plate and the lower Al layer. As the potential is changed from 0 to 40 VP-P, the resonant frequency shifts down from 14.5 kHz to 11.5 kHz while the amplitude of the output pressure is increased by 12.5 dB SPL. In the potential range of 15 to 25 VP-P, the frequency shift is fairly linear with the potential change and the sensitivity (frequency shift per unit applied potential change) is 200 Hz V-1 around 13 kHz.
Antecedents and Alternatives (2007)

The purpose of this chapter is to put Peirce's semeiotic into context. What are its antecedents and alternatives? What is the type of question it is meant to answer? It might seem that we should begin with the theory itself, so that we can know what it is that we are talking about. But that theory is complex, and a preliminary statement of it would only raise objections before they can be answered. Sketching in the background leaves an empty space for the foreground objects. My hope is that this will allow you to see the shape of things to come and that it will provide some motive for enduring those rigors that lie grimly in wait.
The effect of metabolic inhibitors on the development of respiration in anaerobically grown yeast (1966)

1. Iodoacetate and fluoride did not prevent the development of respiration in aerobically grown yeast. 2. The effect of dinitrophenol suggested that phosphorylation developed simultaneously with respiration in anaerobically grown yeast, but the effect of oligomycin suggested that the phosphorylation and oxidation were not tightly coupled. 3. Inhibitors of electron transport showed that both the respiratory peak and the subsequent respiration were cyanide-sensitive, but the peak respiration was insensitive to antimycin. 4. Of the inhibitors of protein or RNA synthesis tested, only p-fluorophenylalanine inhibited the development of respiration. The results are not consistent with a new synthesis of mitochondria. 5. 2-Phenylethanol inhibited the development of respiration in anaerobically grown yeast and also yeast growth. Other inhibitors of DNA synthesis had no effect on the development of respiration. 6. The relevance of the results to mitochondrial morphogenesis is discussed.
Relations between Structure and Function in Cytoplasmic Membrane Vesicles Isolated from an Escherichia coli Fatty‐Acid Auxotroph (1974)

The results presented in this paper establish relationships between structural, morphological and functional properties of cytoplasmic membrane vesicles isolated from an Escherichia coli unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph. The membranes were isolated from cells grown in the presence of either oleic, linoleic, linolenic or elaidic acids. High‐angle X‐ray diffraction studies show that the order‐disorder transitions induced by temperature variations and associated with the paraffin chains of the lipids are a function of the fatty acid composition of the membranes. In some cases “cocrystallization” of various lipid species takes place within a single type of ordered domains. In other cases there is segregation of various lipid species into more than one distinct type of ordered domain. The various order‐disorder transitions observed induce morphological changes in the hydrophobic core of the membranes which can be detected by freeze‐etch electron microscopy. A random distribution of particles on the fracture faces is observed when the paraffin chains of the lipids are disordered. Upon ordering of the paraffin chains, particles are excluded from the ordered domains and as a consequence, smooth areas and areas with densely packed particles are observed. The ratio of the smooth surface to particulated surface is proportional to the amount of ordered paraffin chains present. Moreover, the size of the smooth domains is a function of the fatty acid composition of the membranes. Discontinuities in the rate of d ‐lactate‐dependent proline uptake as a function of temperature correlate with the order‐disorder transitions observed. The high energies of activation at low temperatures are attributed to decreased mobility of the carrier proteins upon aggregation. In contrast, phospho enol pyruvate‐dependent vectorial phosphorylation does not respond to the ordering of the paraffin chains.
Blockage of urokinase receptor reduces in vitro the motility and the deformability of endothelial cells (1996)

The binding of urokinase (u-PA) to its cell surface receptor (u-PAR) is critical for tumor cell invasion. Here, we report that the distribution of this binding by a u-PAR antagonist ATF-HSA inhibits in vitro the motility of endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibition was also observed when the cells were first stimulated with potent angiogenic factors, including bFGF or VEGF. [3H]thymidine incorporation assay demonstrated that ATF-HSA did not affect the cell proliferation. ATF-HSA was more potent than plasmin inhibitors, suggesting that it exerts its effects not solely by inhibiting the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. In fact, analysis of the cell shape change during migration revealed for the first time that its effect is related to a decrease in cell deformability. These results suggest that u-PAR antagonist may be a new approach to control angiogenesis.
Membrane-Mimetic Films of Asymmetric Phosphatidylcholine Lipid Bolaamphiphiles (2005)

Membrane-spanning phospholipid bolaamphiphiles either alone or as a constituent of a multicomponent lipid membrane may prove to be facile building blocks for generating robust bioactive membrane-mimetic assemblies. We have previously reported the synthesis of asymmetric dialkyl phospholipid bolaamphiphiles that contain ester linked phosphatidylcholine and amine functionalities at opposite chain ends. In this report, we describe the synthesis of phospholipid bolaamphiphiles that are conjugated to biotin via the terminal amine with or without a poly(ethylene oxide) spacer arm of varying chain length. The behavior of biotinylated bolaamphiphiles as a self-assembled monolayer at an air-water interface was characterized by epi-fluorescence microscopy and revealed that domain structure and pi-A isotherms were substantially influenced by linker type and size. Substrate bound assemblies were produced by Langmuir-Blodgett deposition onto planar substrates coated with an avidin derivatized polyelectrolyte multilayer. Significantly, external reflectance infrared spectroscopy confirmed the fabrication of bolaamphiphile thin films that display extended stability in vitro.
A network architecture providing host migration transparency (1991)

The continued expansion of computer networks and the miniaturization of computers increase the desire to use one's computer in a consistent computational environment, regardless of location and time. In this situation, host migration transparency is very important. This paper introduces a new network architecture which provides host migration transparency in large interconnected networks and proposes a protocol based on the propagating cache method. We introduce the concept virtual network and divide the conventional network layer into two sublayers to realize host migration transparency. Virtual Internet Protocol,
STAT3 is a substrate of SYK tyrosine kinase in B-lineage leukemia/lymphoma cells exposed to oxidative stress (2010)

We provide unprecedented genetic and biochemical evidence that the antiapoptotic transcription factor STAT3 serves as a substrate for SYK tyrosine kinase both in vitro and in vivo. Induction of SYK in an ecdysone-inducible mammalian expression system results in STAT3 activation, as documented by tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3, as well as amplified expression of several STAT3 target genes. STAT3 activation after oxidative stress (OS) is strongly diminished in DT40 chicken B-lineage lymphoma cells rendered SYK-deficient by targeted disruption of the syk gene. Introduction of a wild-type, C-terminal or N-terminal SH2 domain-mutated, but not a kinase domain-mutated, syk gene into SYK-deficient DT40 cells restores OS-induced enhancement of STAT-3 activity. Thus, SYK plays an important and indispensable role in OS-induced STAT3 activation and its catalytic SH1 domain is critical for this previously unknown regulatory function. These results provide evidence for the existence of a novel mode of cytokine-independent cross-talk that operates between SYK and STAT3 pathways and regulates apoptosis during OS. We further provide experimental evidence that SYK is capable of associating with and phosphorylating STAT3 in human B-lineage leukemia/lymphoma cells challenged with OS. In agreement with a prerequisite role of SYK in OS-induced STAT3 activation, OS does not induce tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 in SYK-deficient human proB leukemia cells. Notably, inhibition of SYK with a small molecule drug candidate prevents OS-induced activation of STAT3 and overcomes the resistance of human B-lineage leukemia/lymphoma cells to OS-induced apoptosis.
Percutaneous transluminal in vivo gene transfer by recombinant adenovirus in normal porcine coronary arteries, atherosclerotic arteries, and two models of coronary restenosis. (1994)

The recombinant adenoviral vectors proved to be far more effective than Lipofectin at delivering foreign genes directly into the coronary arteries of living mammals. Furthermore, the influences of hypercholesterolemia and arterial injury appeared to have little effect on the levels of gene expression obtained using either method. The results demonstrate that low-level recombinant gene expression, the major obstacle impeding gene therapy for the prevention of restenosis, can potentially be overcome by using adenoviral vectors to mediate coronary gene transfer in vivo. The duration of gene expression provided by these vectors and their effective deployment in atherosclerotic, balloon-overstretched, and stented coronary arteries suggest that recombinant adenovirus may have potential for evaluating gene therapy in the clinically informative porcine models of coronary restenosis.
Application of Nanoparticle Iron Oxide in Cigarette for Simultaneous CO and NO Removal in the Mainstream Smoke (2004)

Abstract Based on the unique temperature and oxygen profiles in a burning cigarette, a novel approach is proposed in this paper to use a single oxidant/catalyst in the cigarette filler for simultaneous removal of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) in mainstream smoke. A nanoparticle iron oxide is identified as a very active material for this application due to its multiple functions as a CO catalyst, as a CO oxidant, and in its reduced forms as a NO catalyst. The multiple functions of the nanoparticle iron oxide are characterized in a flow tube reactor and the working mechanisms of these multiple functions for CO and NO removal in a burning cigarette are explained. The effect of smoke condensate on the catalyst are examined and discussed. The advantage of in situ generation of the catalyst during the cigarette burning process is illustrated. The test results of nanoparticle iron oxide for CO and NO removal in cigarettes are presented.
A New Approach to the Rapid Determination of Protein Side Chain Conformations (1991)

Two efficient algorithms have been developed which allow amino acid side chain conformations to be optimized rapidly for a given peptide backbone conformation. Both these approaches are based on the assumption that each side chain can be represented by a small number of rotameric states. These states have been obtained by a dynamic cluster analysis of a large data base of known crystallographic structures. Successful applications of these algorithms to the prediction of known protein conformations are presented.
Hatching Egg Sanitation: The Key Step in Successful Storage and Production (2004)

Sanitation is essential in successful hatching egg production, and the most important step in egg sanitation is producing nest-clean eggs. This requires a carefully planned management system. The following practices have proven to be useful in producing clean eggs for hatching and in keeping the eggs clean until they are set in incubators.
Anti-Alpha-Hemolysin Monoclonal Antibodies Mediate Protection againstStaphylococcus aureusPneumonia (2009)

Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia is one of the most common invasive diseases caused by this human pathogen. S. aureus alpha-hemolysin, a pore-forming cytotoxin, is an essential virulence factor in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. Vaccine-based targeting of this toxin provides protection against lethal staphylococcal pneumonia in a murine model system, suggesting that a monoclonal antibody-based therapy may likewise prove to be efficacious for prevention and treatment of this disease. We report the generation of two distinct anti-alpha-hemolysin monoclonal antibodies that antagonize toxin activity, preventing human lung cell injury in vitro and protecting experimental animals against lethal S. aureus pneumonia. Each of these two monoclonal antibodies recognized an epitope within the first 50 amino acid residues of the mature toxin and blocked the formation of a stable alpha-hemolysin oligomer on the target cell surface. Active immunization with the first 50 amino acids of the toxin also conferred protection against S. aureus pneumonia. Together, these data reveal passive and active immunization strategies for prevention or therapy of staphylococcal pneumonia and highlight the potential role that a critical epitope may play in defining human susceptibility to this deadly disease.
Increased fatty acid synthase as a therapeutic target in androgen‐independent prostate cancer progression (2001)

Abstract BACKGROUND Fatty acid synthase (FAS) performs the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrate or protein to fat. FAS expression is low in most normal tissues, but is elevated in many human cancers, including androgen‐sensitive and androgen‐independent prostate cancer. METHODS Immunohistochemical evaluation of FAS expression was performed in human prostate cancer specimens under various states of androgen ablation. In vitro and in vivo prostate cancer models were evaluated for FAS expression and activity under androgenic and androgen‐depleted conditions, and were tested for sensitivity to antimetabolite drugs that target fatty acid synthesis. RESULTS While FAS expression in the prostate was androgen responsive, it persisted or was reactivated in human prostate carcinoma after androgen ablation, and was high in 82% of lethal tumors examined at autopsy. Similar patterns of FAS expression and fatty acid synthesis were seen in cell culture and xenograft models of human prostate cancer. Pharmacologic inhibition of FAS resulted in a dose‐dependent reduction of tumor growth in these models, including fourfold inhibition of an androgen‐independent human prostate cancer xenograft with little associated toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that FAS expression/FA synthesis provides an important functional aspect of the malignant phenotype in prostate cancer, perhaps supporting cell growth or survival. FAS expression may be upregulated by alternate signaling pathways important for prostate cancer growth under androgen withdrawal. The re‐emergence of FAS expression and activity during the development of androgen independence demonstrate that FAS may serve as a novel target for antimetabolite therapy in prostate cancer. Prostate 47:102–110, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppression of Dollar Spot on Creeping Bentgrass and Annual Bluegrass Turf with Compost-Amended Topdressings (1992)

Topdressings formulated with mixtures of sand and various composts or organic fertilizers (70:30, v/v) were applied to putting greens of creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass and evaluated for their ability to suppress dollar spot disease development. When applied as preventive treatments at monthly intervals, topdressings amended with selected commercial organic fertilizers composed of animal and plant meals were highly suppressive to dollar spot consistently over a 3-yr period. The level of suppression in some experiments did not differ from that of the fungicide propiconazole (.)
Chemical vapor deposition of boron-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (1985)

Deposition conditions and film properties for a variety of boron-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon films and silicon-carbon films produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are discussed. Deposition gases include monosilane, disilane, trisilane, and acetylene. Two types of optically wide band-gap p layers are obtained. One of these window p layers (without carbon) has been extensively tested in photovoltaic devices. Remarkably, this p layer can be deposited between about 200 to 300 °C. A typical open circuit voltage in an all CVD p-i-n device is 0.70–0.72 V, and in a hybrid device where the i and n layers are deposited by glow discharge, 0.8–0.83 V.
Ring closure reactions of bifunctional chain molecules (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing closure reactions of bifunctional chain moleculesGabriello Illuminati and Luigi MandoliniCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1981, 14, 4, 95–102Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00064a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00064a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4745Altmetric-Citations843LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antisense Technologies Have a Future Fighting Neurodegenerative Diseases (1999)

Our growing understanding of the role that unfavorable patterns of gene expression play in the etiology of neurodegenerative disease emphasizes the need for strategies to selectively block the biosynthesis of harmful proteins in the brain. Antisense technologies are ideally suited to this purpose. Tailor-designed to target specific RNA, antisense oligonucleotides and ribozymes offer tools to suppress the production of proteins mediating neurodegeneration. Although technical limitations must still be overcome, the antisense approach represents a novel and exciting strategy for intervention in diseases of the central nervous system.