gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelets and Subband Coding (1995)

First published in 1995, Wavelets and Subband Coding offered a unified view of the exciting field of wavelets and their discrete-time cousins, filter banks, or subband coding. The book developed the theory in both continuous and discrete time, and presented important applications. During the past decade, it filled a useful need in explaining a new view of signal processing based on flexible time-frequency analysis and its applications. Since 2007, the authors now retain the copyright and allow open access to the book.
Adaptive cancelling of physiological tremor for improved precision in microsurgery (1998)

Physiological hand tremor impedes microsurgery. We present both a novel adaptive algorithm for tremor estimation and a new technique for active real-time canceling of physiological tremor. Tremor is modeled online using the weighted-frequency Fourier linear combiner (WFLC). This adaptive algorithm models tremor as a modulating sinusoid, and tracks its frequency, amplitude, and phase. Piezoelectric actuators move the surgical instrument tip in opposition to the motion of tremor, effectively subtracting the tremor from the total motion. We demonstrate the technique in one dimension using a cantilever apparatus as a benchtop simulation of the surgical instrument. Actual hand motion, prerecorded during simulated surgery, is used as input. In 25 tests, WFLC tremor compensation reduces the rms tip motion in the 6-16 Hz tremor band by 67%, and reduces the rms error with respect to an a posteriori estimate of voluntary motion by 30%. The technique can be implemented in a hand-held microsurgical instrument.
CHRONIC DAILY HEADACHE (2002)

Chronic daily headache (CDH) describes a group of patients whose problem is self evident—they have a lot of headache—but whose management can be among the most challenging that neurologists face. We find it useful to employ the term in its literal sense, much as a haematologist can make a diagnosis of anaemia without implying any of the myriad of causes. In that analogy the haematologist goes on to seek the underlying pathophysiological construct, and so neurologists might take the same view of CDH. This approach does not imply any necessary pathophysiological link between the various causes of CDH, but allows a practical, and we hope useful, approach to the problem. A simple definition of CDH is headache on 15 days or more a month. This dissects out the disabled group1 who will often require neurological attention to be managed adequately. It is likely, based on other estimates of primary headache in similar populations,2,3 that between 4–5% of the UK population suffer from daily or near daily headache for a significant period of any one year. Recent population based studies show that in the USA4 and Spain5 nearly 5% of unselected populations have daily headache. The proportion remains similar in the elderly,6 and the size of the problem in relation to other common forms of headache is substantial (table 1). Data from the Association of British Neurologists shows that headache is the single most common cause for neurological referral in the UK. Our experience suggests that CDH in its various forms presents the most substantial management challenge in outpatient headache referrals. A special clinical subgroup of CDH—that of new daily persistent headache (NDPH)—is so distinct that it is covered elsewhere in this supplement (see page ii6).

View this table:

 Table 1 
Common causes of headache*



Chronic daily headache implies headache …
Molecular cloning of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor of rice (oryzacystatin). Homology with animal cystatins and transient expression in the ripening process of rice seeds. (1987)

A cDNA clone for a cysteine proteinase inhibitor of rice (oryzacystatin) was isolated from a lambda gt10 cDNA library of rice immature seeds by screening with synthesized oligonucleotide probes based on partial amino acid sequences of oryzacystatin. A nearly full-length cDNA clone was obtained which encoded 102-amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence of oryzacystatin deduced from the cDNA sequence was significantly homologous to those of mammalian cystatins, especially family 2 cystatins. Oryzacystatin contained the sequence Gln-Val-Val-Ala-Gly conserved among most members of the cystatin superfamily. The gene for oryzacystatin was transcribed into a single mRNA species of about 700 nucleotides. The content of mRNA reached its highest level 2 weeks after flowering and then gradually decreased to undetectable levels at 10 weeks. This feature of transient expression is coordinate with that of glutelin (a major storage protein), although the expression of oryzacystatin precedes that of glutelin by about 1 week.
Vitamin E succinate is a potent novel antineoplastic agent with high selectivity and cooperativity with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2 ligand) in vivo. (2002)

Alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TOS), a redox-inactive analogue of vitamin E, is a strong inducer of apoptosis, whereas alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH) lacks apoptogenic activity (J. Neuzil et al., FASEB J., 15: 403-415, 2001). Here we investigated the possible antineoplastic activities of alpha-TOH and alpha-TOS and further explored the potential of alpha-TOS as an antitumor agent. Using nude mice with colon cancer xenografts, we found that alpha-TOH exerted modest antitumor activity and acted by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. In contrast, alpha-TOS showed a more profound antitumor effect, at both the level of inhibition of proliferation and induction of tumor cell apoptosis. alpha-TOS was nontoxic to normal cells and tissues, triggered apoptosis in p53(-/-) and p21(Waf1/Cip1(-/-)) cancer cells, and exerted a cooperative proapoptotic activity with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2 ligand) due to differences in proapoptotic signaling. Finally, alpha-TOS cooperated with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in suppression of tumor growth in vivo. Vitamin E succinate is thus a potent and highly specific anticancer agent and/or adjuvant of considerable therapeutic potential.
Interactions between the Keggin-Type Lacunary Polyoxometalate, α-SiW11O398-, and Electrode Surfaces (2003)

Cyclic voltammetry, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are used to investigate the interactions between lacunary polyoxometalate, α-SiW11O398-, and glassy carbon, Au(111), and Ag(111) electrode surfaces. The cyclic voltammetry and STM measurements show that α-SiW11O398- anions adsorb strongly only on Ag(111). α-SiW11O398- species adsorbed on Ag(111) retains its redox activity on the Ag surface. STM images reveal the formation of monolayers on Ag(111), which have hexagonal adlattice structures with spacings between 1.22 and 1.37 nm, somewhat larger than the 1.0-nm spacing observed for the complete Keggin ion. SERS measurements show that α-SiW11O398- is present on the Ag surface at potentials between 0.0 and −0.9 V. A model rationalizing the larger spacing is proposed.
RB1 gene mutations in retinoblastoma (1999)

Mutations in both alleles of the RB1 gene are causal for the development of retinoblastoma, a childhood tumor of the eye. The spectrum of somatic and germline mutations in this gene is dominated by small mutations. Data on small mutations are listed in a locus specific database available at http://www.d-lohmann.de/Rb/mutations.html. Analysis of 368 reported small mutations reveals considerable heterogeneity. A notable recurrence of transitions is observed at 13 CpG-dinucleotides that are part of CGA codons or splice donor sites. Most mutations create a premature termination codon. With few exceptions, patients heterozygous for mutations of this kind develop bilateral retinoblastoma. Missense mutations and inframe deletions are rare. Some of these mutations are associated with a distinct phenotype marked by incomplete penetrance and reduced expressivity.
Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of basal cells, Clara cells and bronchiolar cuboidal cells in normal human airways (1998)

Immunohistochemical studies were made of the distribution of various cytokeratins (CK), Clara cell secretory protein (CC10), surfactant protein A (SP-A) and type VII collagen in normal human airways. Electron microscopic studies were made to identify hemidesmosomes and anchoring fibrils on the basal surfaces of the epithelial cells. CK19 was detected in all epithelial cells, and CK17 in all basal cells. CK14 was coexpressed in a few basal cells, and this coexpression was decreased in the distal airways. Two types of basal cells were recognized. One type, found mainly in large airways, was characterized by abundant intermediate filaments and well-developed hemidesmosomes and anchoring fibrils. The second type contained few intermediate filaments and poorly developed hemidesmosomes and anchoring fibrils. Reactivity for type VII collagen was found along the basement membrane throughout the airways, but not in the alveoli. Clara cells were reactive for CC10 and CK17, but not for CK14 and SP-A. The bronchiolar cuboidal cells in the respiratory bronchioles were positive only for CK19. Surfactant protein A was present only in type II alveolar epithelial cells. Thus, two types of basal cells are present in airways, and the bronchiolar cuboidal cells appear distinct from these basal cells, Clara cells and type II alveolar epithelial cells.
Highly Specific and Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-Catalyzed Homology-Directed Repair in Drosophila (2014)

We and others recently demonstrated that the readily programmable CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used to edit the Drosophila genome. However, most applications to date have relied on aberrant DNA repair to stochastically generate frameshifting indels and adoption has been limited by a lack of tools for efficient identification of targeted events. Here we report optimized tools and techniques for expanded application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in Drosophila through homology-directed repair (HDR) with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) donor templates that facilitate complex genome engineering through the precise incorporation of large DNA sequences, including screenable markers. Using these donors, we demonstrate the replacement of a gene with exogenous sequences and the generation of a conditional allele. To optimize efficiency and specificity, we generated transgenic flies that express Cas9 in the germline and directly compared HDR and off-target cleavage rates of different approaches for delivering CRISPR components. We also investigated HDR efficiency in a mutant background previously demonstrated to bias DNA repair toward HDR. Finally, we developed a web-based tool that identifies CRISPR target sites and evaluates their potential for off-target cleavage using empirically rooted rules. Overall, we have found that injection of a dsDNA donor and guide RNA-encoding plasmids into vasa-Cas9 flies yields the highest efficiency HDR and that target sites can be selected to avoid off-target mutations. Efficient and specific CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HDR opens the door to a broad array of complex genome modifications and greatly expands the utility of CRISPR technology for Drosophila research.
BIGrat: a repeat resolver for pyrosequencing-based re-sequencing with Newbler (2012)

We presented a novel sequence assembly tool BIGrat for pyrosequencing-based re-sequencing projects, which can easily be integrated into Newbler pipelines for next-generation sequencing assembly and analysis.
Layered Cathode Materials Li[Ni[sub x]Li[sub (1/3−2x/3)]Mn[sub (2/3−x/3)]]O[sub 2] for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2001)

The structure, synthesis, and electrochemical behavior of layered for 5/12, and 1/2 are reported for the first time. is derived from or by substitution of and by while maintaining all the remaining Mn atoms in the 4+ oxidation state. with can deliver steady capacities of 150 and 160 mAh/g at 30 and 55°C, respectively, between 3.0 and 4.4 V using a current density of 30 mA/g. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments on charged electrodes of for indicate that this material should be safer than with 5/12, and 1/2 can be cycled between 2.0 and 4.6 V to give capacities of about 200, 180, and 160 mAh/g, respectively, at 30°C. with gives a capacity of 220 mAh/g at 55°C between 2.0 and 4.6 V using a current density of 30 mA/g. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A contact lens with integrated telecommunication circuit and sensors for wireless and continuous tear glucose monitoring (2012)

We present an integrated functional contact lens, composed of a differential glucose sensor module, metal interconnects, sensor read-out circuit, antenna and telecommunication circuit, to monitor tear glucose levels wirelessly, continuously and non-invasively. The electrochemical differential sensor module is based on immobilization of activated and de-activated glucose oxidase. We characterized the sensor on a model polymer eye and determined that it showed good repeatability, molecular interference rejection and linearity in the range of 0–2 mM glucose, covering normal tear glucose concentrations (0.1–0.6 mM). We also report the temperature, ageing and protein-fouling sensitivity of the sensor. We report the design and implementation of a low-power (3 µW) sensor read-out and telecommunication circuit to deliver wireless power and transmit data for the sensor module. Using this small chip (0.36 mm2), we produced an integrated contact lens with sensors and demonstrated wireless operation of the system and glucose read-out over the distance of several centimeters.
Terdentate NNN Donor Ligands Derived from 2,6-Diacetylpyridine (1974)

Abstract The Schiff base condensation of 2,6-diacetylpyridine with aniline, p-methoxyaniline and benzylamine gives high yields of 2,6-diacetylpyridine-bis (arylimines). Complexation of 2,6-diacetylpyridinebis (anil) with nickel (II) and zinc (II) to form five- and six-coordinate complexes of the types MCl2·L and [ML2] (C104)2 illustrates the versatility of these new terdentate NNN donor ligands.
mda-5: An interferon-inducible putative RNA helicase with double-stranded RNA-dependent ATPase activity and melanoma growth-suppressive properties (2002)

Human melanoma cells can be reprogrammed to terminally differentiate and irreversibly lose proliferative capacity by appropriate pharmacological manipulation. Subtraction hybridization identified melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (mda-5) as a gene induced during differentiation, cancer reversion, and programmed cell death (apoptosis). This gene contains both a caspase recruitment domain and putative DExH group RNA helicase domains. Atypical helicase motifs of MDA-5 deviate from consensus sequences but are well conserved in a potentially new group of cloned and hypothetical proteins. mda-5 is an early response gene inducible by IFN and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, responding predominantly to IFN-beta. Protein kinase C activation by mezerein further augments mda-5 expression induced by IFN-beta. Expression of mda-5 is controlled transcriptionally by IFN-beta, and the MDA-5 protein localizes in the cytoplasm. mda-5 displays RNA-dependent ATPase activity, and ectopic expression of mda-5 in human melanoma cells inhibits colony formation. In these contexts, mda-5 may function as a mediator of IFN-induced growth inhibition and/or apoptosis. MDA-5 is a double-stranded RNA-dependent ATPase that contains both a caspase recruitment domain and RNA helicase motifs, with a confirmed association with growth and differentiation in human melanoma cells.
Global methylation screening in the Arabidopsis thaliana and Mus musculus genome: applications of virtual image restriction landmark genomic scanning (Vi-RLGS) (2003)

Understanding the role of 'epigenetic' changes such as DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling has now become critical in understanding many biological processes. In order to delineate the global methylation pattern in a given genomic DNA, computer software has been developed to create a virtual image of restriction landmark genomic scanning (Vi-RLGS). When using a methylation- sensitive enzyme such as NotI as the restriction landmark, the comparison between real and in silico RLGS profiles of the genome provides a methylation map of genomic NotI sites. A methylation map of the Arabidopsis genome was created that could be confirmed by a methylation-sensitive PCR assay. The method has also been applied to the mouse genome. Although a complete methylation map has not been completed, a region of methylation difference between two tissues has been tested and confirmed by bisulfite sequencing. Vi-RLGS in conjunction with real RLGS will make it possible to develop a more complete map of genomic sites that are methylated or demethylated as a consequence of normal or abnormal development.
The diagnostic utility of the lognormal behavior of PET standardized uptake values in tumors. (2000)

Using the logarithms of markers, such as SUVs, several advantages stemming from their Gaussian nature can be achieved with benefits ensuing to the diagnostic process.
Experience with a once-daily aminoglycoside program administered to 2,184 adult patients (1995)

Once-daily aminoglycoside (ODA) regimens have been instituted to maximize bacterial killing by optimizing the peak concentration/MIC ratio and to reduce the potential for toxicity. We initiated an ODA program at our institution that utilizes a fixed 7-mg/kg intravenous dose with a drug administration interval based on estimated creatinine clearance: > or = 60 ml/min every 24 h (q24h), 59 to 40 ml/min q36h, and 39 to 20 ml/min q48h. Subsequent interval adjustments are made by using a single concentration in serum and a nomogram designed for monitoring of ODA therapy. Since initiation of the program, 2,184 patients have received this ODA regimen. The median dose was 450 (range, 200 to 925) mg, while the median length of therapy was 3 (range, 1 to 26) days. The median age of the population was 46 (range, 13 to 97) years. Gentamicin accounted for 94% of the aminoglycoside use, and the majority (77%) of patients received the drug q24h. The 36-, 48-, and > 48-h intervals were used for 15, 6, and 2% of this population, respectively. Three patients exhibited clinically apparent ototoxicity. Twenty-seven patients (1.2%) developed nephrotoxicity (the Hartford Hospital historical rate is approximately 3 to 5%) after a median of 7 (range, 3 to 19) days of therapy. On the basis of a prospective evaluation of 58 patients and follow-up of additional patients via clinician reports, we have noted no apparent alterations in clinical response with our ODA program. This ODA program appears to be clinically effective, reduces the incidence of nephrotoxicity, and provides a cost-effective method for administration of aminoglycosides by reducing ancillary service time and serum aminoglycoside determinations.
First Examples of Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTFirst Examples of Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of Interleukin-1β Converting EnzymeRoland E. Dolle, Catherine P. Prouty, C. V. C. Prasad, Ewell Cook, Ashis Saha, Tina Morgan Ross, Joseph M. Salvino, Carla T. Helaszek, and Mark A. AtorView Author Information Sanofi Winthrop Inc., 1250 South Collegeville Road, P.O. Box 5000, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 13, 2438–2440Publication Date (Web):June 21, 1996Publication History Received23 February 1996Published online21 June 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm9601516https://doi.org/10.1021/jm9601516rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Differential pulse voltammetry,Inhibitors,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins,Peptidomimetics Get e-Alerts
Microwave-assisted synthesis of N-pyrazole ureas and the p38? inhibitor BIRB 796 for study into accelerated cell ageing (2006)

Microwave irradiation of substituted hydrazines and beta-ketoesters gives 5-aminopyrazoles in excellent yield, which can be transformed to the corresponding N-carbonyl derivatives by treatment with an isocyanate or chloroformate. Derivatization of 4-nitronaphth-1-ol using predominantly microwave heating methods and reaction with an N-pyrazole carbamate provides a rapid route to the N-pyrazole urea BIRB 796 in high purity, as a potent and selective inhibitor of p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase for the study of accelerated ageing in Werner syndrome cells.
The signal transduction pathway of CD23 (Fc epsilon RIIb) targets I kappa B kinase. (1999)

Alveolar macrophages play a crucial role in initiating the inflammatory response in allergic asthma through the cross-linking of the low affinity IgE receptors (Fc epsilon RIIb or CD23) by IgE-allergen immunocomplexes. We have previously shown that CD23 cross-linking in monocytes and U937 cells targets I kappa B alpha, leading to the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B. We demonstrate in this paper that CD23-initiated signaling in U937 cells leads to hyperphosphorylation of I kappa B alpha at Ser32/Ser36 residues. Overexpression of a dominant-negative I kappa B alpha transgene containing mutations at Ser32/Ser36 completely inhibits degradation of I kappa B alpha, NF-kappa B activation, and gene transcription that follows CD23 cross-linking. Investigation of the second messengers mediating the CD23-dependent activation of NF kappa B demonstrates that I kappa B kinases (IKKs) but not p90rsk are selectively activated following CD23 cross-linking and mediates the phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha. Cotransfection experiments with an IKK beta negative dominant completely inhibit CD23 induced NF kappa B activation. Furthermore, the activation of tyrosine kinase(s) by CD23 is required for the induction of IKK activity, I kappa B alpha degradation, and NF-kappa B nuclear translocation. Taken together, our results show that CD23 cross-linking in the monocytic lineage induces tyrosine kinase activation followed by activation of IKK, which phosphorylates I kappa B alpha at the N-terminal domain (Ser32/Ser36), inducing its degradation, NF-kappa B activation and gene transcription.