gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Intravenous Infusion of Omeprazole and Ranitidine on Twenty-Four-Hour Intragastric pH in Patients with a History of Duodenal Ulcer (1995)

The effect on intragastric pH of two different dose regimens of continuous intravenous infusion of omeprazole (4 or 8 mg/h after a bolus of 80 mg), and ranitidine (0.25 mg/kg/h after a bolus of 50 mg) was studied in 10 patients with duodenal ulcer disease in symptomatic remission. The pH was monitored over 24-hour periods during fasting in a cross-over, randomised design including a baseline period. With the high omeprazole dose it was possible to maintain a pH > or = 4 in all patients but 1 and 6 of the patients also maintained a pH > or = 6. The lower dose of omeprazole seemed to be somewhat less effective. Continuous infusion of ranitidine was as efficient as the higher omeprazole infusion although with a tendency to decreased pH levels towards the end of the 24-hour period. Thus, in order to obtain consistently high pH levels of 4-6 over a prolonged period a continuous infusion of omeprazole, an 80-mg bolus plus a continuous infusion of 8 mg/h seem to be needed.
Photonic Architecture for Beam Forming of RF Phased Array Antenna (2014)

System architecture utilizing photonic technology for beam forming of RF phased array antenna is studied. RSOA solution for uplink signal transmission and multi-core fiber approach for two dimensional phased array antenna are demonstrated.
Reversible changes in doping of InGaAlN alloys induced by ion implantation or hydrogenation (1993)

Carrier concentrations in doped InN, In0.37Ga0.63N, and In0.75Al0.25N layers are reduced by both F+ ion implantation to produce resistive material for device isolation, and by exposure to a hydrogen plasma. In the former case, post-implant annealing at 450–500 °C produces sheet resistances ≳106 Ω/⧠ in initially n+ (7×1018–3×1019 cm−3) ternary layers and values of ∼5×103 Ω/⧠ in initially degenerately doped (4×1020 cm−3) InN. The evolution of sheet resistance with post-implant annealing temperature is consistent with the introduction of deep acceptor states by the ion bombardment, and the subsequent removal of these states at temperatures ≲500 °C where the initial carrier concentrations are restored. Hydrogenation of the nitrides at 200 °C reduces the n-type doping levels by 1–2 orders of magnitude and suggests that unintentional carrier passivation occurring during cool down after epitaxial growth may play a role in determining the apparent doping efficiency in these materials.
Conditional loss of PTEN leads to testicular teratoma and enhances embryonic germ cell production (2003)

The tumor suppressor gene PTEN, which is frequently mutated in human cancers, encodes a lipid phosphatase for phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] and antagonizes phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase. Primordial germ cells (PGCs), which are the embryonic precursors of gametes, are the source of testicular teratoma. To elucidate the intracellular signaling mechanisms that underlie germ cell differentiation and proliferation, we have generated mice with a PGC-specific deletion of the Pten gene. Male mice that lacked PTEN exhibited bilateral testicular teratoma, which resulted from impaired mitotic arrest and outgrowth of cells with immature characters. Experiments with PTEN-null PGCs in culture revealed that these cells had greater proliferative capacity and enhanced pluripotent embryonic germ (EG) cell colony formation. PTEN appears to be essential for germ cell differentiation and an important factor in testicular germ cell tumor formation.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the Ehrlichia chaffeensis Variable-Length PCR Target: an Antigen-Expressing Gene That Exhibits Interstrain Variation (1999)

A clone expressing an immunoreactive protein with an apparent molecular mass of 44 kDa was selected from an Ehrlichia chaffeensis Arkansas genomic library by probing with anti-E. chaffeensis hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluid. Nucleotide sequencing revealed an open reading frame (ORF) capable of encoding a 198-amino-acid polypeptide. The ORF contained four imperfect, direct, tandem 90-bp repeats. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences did not show close homologies to entries in the molecular databases. PCR with primers whose sequences matched the sequences flanking the ORF was performed with DNA samples extracted from cell cultures infected with nine different isolates of E. chaffeensis, blood samples from seven patients with monocytic ehrlichiosis, and Amblyomma americanum ticks collected in four different states. The resulting amplicons varied in length, containing three to six repeat units. This gene, designated the variable-length PCR target, is useful for PCR detection of E. chaffeensis and differentiation of isolates.
Expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factors 4E and 2? is increased frequently in bronchioloalveolar but not in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung (2001)

Increased expression of either one or both translation initiation factors may facilitate accelerated growth and division of neoplastic cells in BA carcinoma of the lung. However, the current findings suggest a possibility that increased cell growth and proliferation in SC carcinoma may be achieved through a mechanism independent of increases in eIF-4E and eIF-2alpha expression.
Potent Immune Responses in Rhesus Macaques Induced by Nonviral Delivery of a Self-amplifying RNA Vaccine Expressing HIV Type 1 Envelope With a Cationic Nanoemulsion (2014)

Self-amplifying messenger RNA (mRNA) of positive-strand RNA viruses are effective vectors for in situ expression of vaccine antigens and have potential as a new vaccine technology platform well suited for global health applications. The SAM vaccine platform is based on a synthetic, self-amplifying mRNA delivered by a nonviral delivery system. The safety and immunogenicity of an HIV SAM vaccine encoding a clade C envelope glycoprotein formulated with a cationic nanoemulsion (CNE) delivery system was evaluated in rhesus macaques. The HIV SAM vaccine induced potent cellular immune responses that were greater in magnitude than those induced by self-amplifying mRNA packaged in a viral replicon particle (VRP) or by a recombinant HIV envelope protein formulated with MF59 adjuvant, anti-envelope binding (including anti-V1V2), and neutralizing antibody responses that exceeded those induced by the VRP vaccine. These studies provide the first evidence in nonhuman primates that HIV vaccination with a relatively low dose (50 µg) of formulated self-amplifying mRNA is safe and immunogenic.
Stoichiometry and Physical Chemistry of Promiscuous Aggregate-Based Inhibitors (2008)

Many false positives in early drug discovery owe to nonspecific inhibition by colloid-like aggregates of organic molecules. Despite their prevalence, little is known about aggregate concentration, structure, or dynamic equilibrium; the binding mechanism, stoichiometry with, and affinity for enzymes remain uncertain. To investigate the elementary question of concentration, we counted aggregate particles using flow cytometry. For seven aggregate-forming molecules, aggregates were not observed until the concentration of monomer crossed a threshold, indicating a "critical aggregation concentration" (CAC). Above the CAC, aggregate count increased linearly with added organic material, while the particles dispersed when diluted below the CAC. The concentration of monomeric organic molecule is constant above the CAC, as is the size of the aggregate particles. For two compounds that form large aggregates, nicardipine and miconazole, we measured particle numbers directly by flow cytometry, determining that the aggregate concentration just above the CAC ranged from 5 to 30 fM. By correlating inhibition of an enzyme with aggregate count for these two drugs, we determined that the stoichiometry of binding is about 10,000 enzyme molecules per aggregate particle. Using measured volumes for nicardipine and miconazole aggregate particles (2.1 x 10(11) and 4.7 x 10(10) A(3), respectively), computed monomer volumes, and the observation that past the CAC all additional monomer forms aggregate particles, we find that aggregates are densely packed particles. Finally, given their size and enzyme stoichiometry, all sequestered enzyme can be comfortably accommodated on the surface of the aggregate.
Original research Vasopressor choice for hypotension in elective Cesarean section: ephedrine or phenylephrine? (2010)

Phenylephrine and ephedrine are acceptable choices to combat maternal hypotension related to spinal anesthesia in elective Cesarean section. Complications of intra-operative nausea and vomiting, tachycardia and bradycardia should be considered when choosing a vasopressor, suggesting phenylephrine may be more appropriate when considering maternal well-being.
mTORC1 Controls PNS Myelination along the mTORC1-RXRγ-SREBP-Lipid Biosynthesis Axis in Schwann Cells (2014)

Myelin formation during peripheral nervous system (PNS) development, and reformation after injury and in disease, requires multiple intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Akt/mTOR signaling has emerged as a major player involved, but the molecular mechanisms and downstream effectors are virtually unknown. Here, we have used Schwann-cell-specific conditional gene ablation of raptor and rictor, which encode essential components of the mTOR complexes 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2), respectively, to demonstrate that mTORC1 controls PNS myelination during development. In this process, mTORC1 regulates lipid biosynthesis via sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). This course of action is mediated by the nuclear receptor RXRγ, which transcriptionally regulates SREBP1c downstream of mTORC1. Absence of mTORC1 causes delayed myelination initiation as well as hypomyelination, together with abnormal lipid composition and decreased nerve conduction velocity. Thus, we have identified the mTORC1-RXRγ-SREBP axis controlling lipid biosynthesis as a major contributor to proper peripheral nerve function.
Tight Binding of the Phosphorylated α Subunit of Initiation Factor 2 (eIF2α) to the Regulatory Subunits of Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor eIF2B Is Required for Inhibition of Translation Initiation (2001)

Translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) is a heterotrimeric protein that transfers methionyl-initiator tRNA(Met) to the small ribosomal subunit in a ternary complex with GTP. The eIF2 phosphorylated on serine 51 of its alpha subunit [eIF2(alphaP)] acts as competitive inhibitor of its guanine nucleotide exchange factor, eIF2B, impairing formation of the ternary complex and thereby inhibiting translation initiation. eIF2B is comprised of catalytic and regulatory subcomplexes harboring independent eIF2 binding sites; however, it was unknown whether the alpha subunit of eIF2 directly contacts any eIF2B subunits or whether this interaction is modulated by phosphorylation. We found that recombinant eIF2alpha (glutathione S-transferase [GST]-SUI2) bound to the eIF2B regulatory subcomplex in vitro, in a manner stimulated by Ser-51 phosphorylation. Genetic data suggest that this direct interaction also occurred in vivo, allowing overexpressed SUI2 to compete with eIF2(alphaP) holoprotein for binding to the eIF2B regulatory subcomplex. Mutations in SUI2 and in the eIF2B regulatory subunit GCD7 that eliminated inhibition of eIF2B by eIF2(alphaP) also impaired binding of phosphorylated GST-SUI2 to the eIF2B regulatory subunits. These findings provide strong evidence that tight binding of phosphorylated SUI2 to the eIF2B regulatory subcomplex is crucial for the inhibition of eIF2B and attendant downregulation of protein synthesis exerted by eIF2(alphaP). We propose that this regulatory interaction prevents association of the eIF2B catalytic subcomplex with the beta and gamma subunits of eIF2 in the manner required for GDP-GTP exchange.
In defence of the 8-point algorithm (2007)

The fundamental matrix is a basic tool in the analysis of scenes taken with two uncalibrated cameras, and the 8-point algorithm is a frequently cited method for computing the fundamental matrix from a set of 8 or more point matches. It has the advantage of simplicity of implementation. The prevailing view is, however, that it is extremely susceptible to noise and hence virtually useless for most purposes. This paper challenges that view, by showing that by preceding the algorithm with a very simple normalization (translation and scaling) of the coordinates of the matched points, results are obtained comparable with the best iterative algorithms. This improved performance is justified by theory and verified by extensive experiments on real images.
DVAE++: Discrete Variational Autoencoders with Overlapping Transformations (2018)

Training of discrete latent variable models remains challenging because passing gradient information through discrete units is difficult. We propose a new class of smoothing transformations based on a mixture of two overlapping distributions, and show that the proposed transformation can be used for training binary latent models with either directed or undirected priors. We derive a new variational bound to efficiently train with Boltzmann machine priors. Using this bound, we develop DVAE++, a generative model with a global discrete prior and a hierarchy of convolutional continuous variables. Experiments on several benchmarks show that overlapping transformations outperform other recent continuous relaxations of discrete latent variables including Gumbel-Softmax (Maddison et al., 2016; Jang et al., 2016), and discrete variational autoencoders (Rolfe 2016).
Silicon waveguide modulator based on carrier depletion in periodically interleaved PN junctions (2009)

We present the design and numerical simulation results for a silicon waveguide modulator based on carrier depletion in a linear array of periodically interleaved PN junctions that are oriented perpendicular to the light propagation direction. In this geometry the overlap of the optical waveguide mode with the depletion region is much larger than in designs using a single PN junction aligned parallel to the waveguide propagation direction. Simulations predict that an optimized modulator will have a high modulation efficiency of 0.56 V x cm for a 3 V bias, with a 3 dB frequency bandwidth of over 40 GHz. This device has a length of 1.86 mm with a maximum intrinsic loss of 4.3 dB at 0 V bias, due to free carrier absorption.
The Effects of Preparations of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin on AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma (1996)

The intralesional injection of hCG induces the regression of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma lesions in a dose-dependent manner. The response of these tumors appears to be mediated by the induction of apoptosis.
Chiral Smectic C Structures of Virus-Based Films (2002)

Long-range ordered virus-based films were fabricated using M13 phages (viruses) which were aligned and assembled using the meniscus phenomena. Their ordered structures and morphologies were studied and characterized using polarized optical microscopy (POM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). M13 virus particles which are 880 nm in length were the basic building block of the fabricated films. Due to the unique micrometer length scale of viruses, the smectic ordering of virus particles could be easily visualized using conventional microscopy techniques and compared with a theoretical model of chiral liquid crystal structures. From the results of POM, AFM, and SEM, the viral films were determined to have a chiral smectic C structure. By a comparison of the ordering of film formation as a function of virus concentration and the formation of bundle-like domain structure found in viral thin films, a mechanism of film formation is suggested. These virus-based film structures are organized on multiple length scales, easily fabricated, and allow integration of aligned semiconductor and magnetic nanocrystals. These self-assembled hybrid materials may have applications in miniaturized self-assembled electronic devices.
SiGe-power amplifiers in flipchip and packaged technology (2002)

A SiGe HBT with 22 GHz ft was optimized for power applications. A driver stage measured on wafer achieves Psat=23 dBm at 1.8 GHz with PAE up to 68%. A family of SiGe power amplifiers was developed for assembly in standard PSSOP packages and in flipchip technology. There are single and dualband PAs for 900 MHz and 1800 MHz GSM bands. The PAs are fully integrated three stage devices and feature high gain, output power and power added efficiency. The ICs incorporate power control circuits and operate from one positive supply voltage which can be as low as 2.5 V. At a nominal operating voltage of 3.5 V the 900 MHz packaged amplifier delivers up to 35 dBm output power at 58% PAE. The 1800 MHz amplifier produces up to 33 dBm power at 48% PAE. The devices can survive 5 V supply voltage under full power. An optimized application design gives similar results for packaged and flipchip devices.
Actuation Properties of Electrochemically Driven Polypyrrole Free-Standing Films (1995)

In this paper we report about investigations on coupled electrochemomechanical phenomena in polypyrrole (PPy) free-standing films. Quantitative measurements of isotonic length and relaxed elastic modulus changes are performed on PPy samples during cyclic voltammetry and square-wave amperometry. The link between dimensional and mechanical changes in the samples and doping salt exchange kinetics is investigated and a possible interpretation is proposed.
Using Radial Functions on Compact Domains W. L igh t (1994)

It is already well-understood that approximation by ra­ dial functions is a useful practical tool, especially when the data is high­ dimensional, or scattered. The theoretical understanding of the approxi­ mating power of these functions has improved dramatically over the last 10 years, particularly with the use of Fourier transform methods for data which is regularly distributed throughout IRn. Good progress has now been made towards understanding a variety of aspects of approximating on compact domains, and using scattered data sites. We shall discuss a selection of these advances with particular references to our own interests in this area.
J.H.C. Colson and F.W. Collision “Progressive Exercise Therapy. In rehabilitation and physical education” (1984)

It is fortunate that most of this journal was in an advanced stage of preparation before I sustained a small though temporarily disabling coronary infarct early in February.I am even more fortunate in being able to hand over the later stages of preparation of this issue to the Associate Editor, Dr. Clyde Williams, who has had to assume responsibility much sooner than he anticipated.An enormous debt of gratitude is also owing to my Secretary/Financial administrative assistant, Mrs. Olga Harris, who has kept the financial work of the
Comparison of 64Cu-Complexing Bifunctional Chelators for Radioimmunoconjugation: Labeling Efficiency, Specific Activity, and in Vitro/in Vivo Stability (2012)

High radiolabeling efficiency, preferably to high specific activity, and good stability of the radioimmunoconjugate are essential features for a successful immunoconjugate for imaging or therapy. In this study, the radiolabeling efficiency, in vitro stability, and biodistribution of immunoconjugates with eight different bifunctional chelators labeled with (64)Cu were compared. The anti-CD20 antibody, rituximab, was conjugated to four macrocyclic bifunctional chelators (p-SCN-Bn-DOTA, p-SCN-Bn-Oxo-DO3A, p-SCN-NOTA, and p-SCN-PCTA), three DTPA derivatives (p-SCN-Bn-DTPA, p-SCN-CHX-A″-DTPA, and ITC-2B3M-DTPA), and a macrobicyclic hexamine (sarcophagine) chelator (sar-CO2H) = (1-NH2-8-NHCO(CH2)3CO2H)sar where sar = sarcophagine = 3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane). Radiolabeling efficiency under various conditions, in vitro stability in serum at 37 °C, and in vivo biodistribution and imaging in normal mice over 48 h were studied. All chelators except sar-CO2H were conjugated to rituximab by thiourea bond formation with an average of 4.9 ± 0.9 chelators per antibody molecule. Sar-CO2H was conjugated to rituximab by amide bond formation with 0.5 chelators per antibody molecule. Efficiencies of (64)Cu radiolabeling were dependent on the concentration of immunoconjugate. Notably, the (64)Cu-NOTA-rituximab conjugate demonstrated the highest radiochemical yield (95%) under very dilute conditions (31 nM NOTA-rituximab conjugate). Similarly, sar-CO-rituximab, containing 1/10th the number of chelators per antibody compared to that of other conjugates, retained high labeling efficiency (98%) at an antibody concentration of 250 nM. In contrast to the radioimmunoconjugates containing DTPA derivatives, which demonstrated poor serum stability, all macrocyclic radioimmunoconjugates were very stable in serum with <6% dissociation of (64)Cu over 48 h. In vivo biodistribution profiles in normal female Balb/C mice were similar for all the macrocyclic radioimmunoconjugates with most of the activity remaining in the blood pool up to 48 h. While all the macrocyclic bifunctional chelators are suitable for molecular imaging using (64)Cu-labeled antibody conjugates, NOTA and sar-CO2H show significant advantages over the others in that they can be radiolabeled rapidly at room temperature, under dilute conditions, resulting in high specific activity.
Tunable photonic nanojet formed by generalized Luneburg lens (2015)

Nanojet has been emerging as an interesting topic in variety photonics applications. In this paper, inspired by the properties of generalized Luneburg lens (GLLs), a two-dimensional photonic nanojet system has been developed, which focal distance can be tuned by engineering the refractive index profile of GLLs. Simulation and analysis results show that the maximum light intensity, transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the photonic nanojet are dependent on the focal distance of the GLLs, thereby, by simply varying the focal distance, it is possible to obtain localized photon fluxes with different power characteristics and spatial dimensions. This can be of interest for many promising applications, such as high-resolution optical detection, optical manipulation, technology of direct-write nano-patterning and nano-lithography.
Multiscale lens design (2009)

While lenses of aperture less than 1000lambda frequently form images with pixel counts approaching the space-bandwidth limit, only heroic designs approach the theoretical information capacity at larger scales. We propose to use the field processing capabilities of small-scale secondary lens arrays to correct aberrations due to larger scale objective lenses, with an ultimate goal of achieving diffraction-limited imaging for apertures greater than 10,000lambda .We present an example optical design using an 8 mm entrance pupil capable of resolving 20 megapixels.
A two-chip 1.5-GBd serial link interface (1992)

A silicon bipolar transmitter and receiver chip pair transfers parallel data across a 1.5-GBd serial link. A new 'conditional-invert master transition' code and phase-locked loop that provide adjustment-free clock recovery and frame synchronization are described and analyzed. The packaged parts require no external components and operate over a range of 700 to 1500 MHz using an on-chip VCO. The line code and handshake protocol have been accepted by the serial-HIPPI implementor's group for serially transmitting 800-Mb/s HIPPI data, an ANSI standard, and by SCI-FI, an IEEE standard for interconnecting cooperating computers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>