gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of ketone enolates with copper dichloride. Synthesis of 1,4-diketones (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of ketone enolates with copper dichloride. Synthesis of 1,4-diketonesYoshihiko Ito, Toshiro Konoike, and Takeo SaegusaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 10, 2912–2914Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00843a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00843a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2170Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-1β in bipolar disorder (2011)

Our findings show an altered brain cytokine profile associated with the manifestation of recent manic/hypomanic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Although the causality remains to be established, these findings may suggest a pathophysiological role for IL-1ß in bipolar disorder.
The Etree Library: A System for Manipulating Large Octrees on Disk (2018)

Abstract: "This report describes a library, called the etree library, that allows C programmers to manipulate large octrees stored on disk. Octrees are stored as a sequence of fixed sized octant records sorted by a locational code order that is equivalent to a preorder traversal of the tree and a Z-order traversal through the domain. The sorted records are indexed by a conventional file-resident B-tree index and queried using fixed-length locational code keys. A schema can be defined to make an etree portable across different platforms. The etree library provides functions for creating, modifying, and searching octrees, including efficient mechanisms for appending octants and iterating over octants in Z-order. The library is the foundation for a larger research effort aimed at enabling scientists and engineers to solve large physical simulations on their desktop systems by recasting the simulation process to work directly on large etrees stored on disk."
A cDNA Clone Used to Study mRNA Inducible in Human Tonsillar Lymphocytes by a Tumor Promoter1 (1986)

A cDNA clone inducible by either a tumor promoter, 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), or a T-cell mitogen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), was isolated from a cDNA library constructed from the poly(A) + RNAs of TPA- and PHA-stimulated human tonsillar lymphocytes, and was named pLD78. Stimulation of the tonsillar lymphocytes with either TPA or PHA increased the amount of pLD78-specific RNA by about 10-fold, and simultaneous stimulation with TPA and PHA, by at least 30-fold. Analysis of the pLD78 cDNA sequence revealed that it codes for a polypeptide consisting of 92 amino acid residues, including a putative signal sequence. Moreover, the sequence of the 5' flanking region of the nuclear DNA encoding for the pLD78 cDNA showed a significant homology with the corresponding regions of the human interleukin 2 and immune interferon genes.
Long-Term Safety of Low-Level Laser Therapy at Different Power Densities and Single or Multiple Applications to the Bone Marrow in Mice (2013)

LLLT applied multiple times either at the optimal dose (which induces photobiostimulation of stem cells in the BM), or at a higher dose (such as five times the optimal dose), does not cause histopathological changes or neoplasmic response in various organs in mice, as examined over a period of 8 months.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Spectral Properties of β‐Carbolines. Part 4. Synthesis of the New Ring System: 9,10,15,15b‐Tetrahydroindolo(1′,2′:4, 3)pyrazino(2,1‐a)carbolin‐7(6H)‐one. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phase Retrieval via Matrix Completion (2015)

This paper develops a novel framework for phase retrieval, a problem which arises in X-ray crystallography, diffraction imaging, astronomical imaging, and many other applications. Our approach, called PhaseLift, combines multiple structured illuminations together with ideas from convex programming to recover the phase from intensity measurements, typically from the modulus of the diffracted wave. We demonstrate empirically that a complex-valued object can be recovered from the knowledge of the magnitude of just a few diffracted patterns by solving a simple convex optimization problem inspired by the recent literature on matrix completion. More importantly, we also demonstrate that our noise-aware algorithms are stable in the sense that the reconstruction degrades gracefully as the signal-to-noise ratio decreases. Finally, we introduce some theory showing that one can design very simple structured illumination patterns such that three diffracted figures uniquely determine the phase of the object we wish to recover.
Tissue engineering of a bioartificial kidney: a universal donor organ. (1996)

Cell therapy and tissue engineering may well likely dominate medical therapeutics in the next century. Growing a functional glomerular filter and tubule reabsorber from a combination of cells, biomaterials, and synthetic polymers to replace renal excretory and regulatory functions is a specific example of these evolving technologies. The kidney was the first organ whose function was substituted by an artificial device. The kidney was also the first organ to be successfully transplanted. The ability to replace renal function with these revolutionary technologies in the past was due to the fact that renal excretory function is based on natural physical forces which govern solute and fluid movement from the body compartment to the external environment. The need for coordinated mechanical or electrical activities got renal substitution was not required. Accordingly, the kidney may well be the first organ to be available as a tissue-engineered implantable device as a fully functional replacement part for the human body. The prospects of a "universal donor" bioartificial kidney for the treatment of end-stage renal disease are clearly achievable as we approach the next millennium.
Localization using nonindividualized head-related transfer functions (1993)

A recent development in human-computer interfaces is the virtual acoustic display, a device that synthesizes three-dimensional, spatial auditory information over headphones using digital filters constructed from head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). The utility of such a display depends on the accuracy with which listeners can localize virtual sound sources. A previous study [F. L. Wightman and D. J. Kistler, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 868-878 (1989)] observed accurate localization by listeners for free-field sources and for virtual sources generated from the subjects' own HRTFs. In practice, measurement of the HRTFs of each potential user of a spatial auditory display may not be feasible. Thus, a critical research question is whether listeners can obtain adequate localization cues from stimuli based on nonindividualized transforms. Here, inexperienced listeners judged the apparent direction (azimuth and elevation) of wideband noisebursts presented in the free-field or over headphones; headphone stimuli were synthesized using HRTFs from a representative subject of Wightman and Kistler. When confusions were resolved, localization of virtual sources was quite accurate and comparable to the free-field sources for 12 of the 16 subjects. Of the remaining subjects, 2 showed poor elevation accuracy in both stimulus conditions, and 2 showed degraded elevation accuracy with virtual sources. Many of the listeners also showed high rates of front-back and up-down confusions that increased significantly for virtual sources compared to the free-field stimuli. These data suggest that while the interaural cues to horizontal location are robust, the spectral cues considered important for resolving location along a particular cone-of-confusion are distorted by a synthesis process that uses nonindividualized HRTFs.
Canvas presentations in the wild (2012)

Most presentation software uses the slide deck metaphor to create visual presentation support. Recently, canvas presentation tools such as Fly or Prezi have instead begun to use a zoomable free-form canvas to arrange information. The effect of this change in format on the authoring process of presentations has been investigated previously in a formal lab study. We have now examined the evolving patterns of usage in publicly available canvas presentations and found that the benefits of this format that have been demonstrated in the lab setting also can be observed in real life presentations. This confirms the potential of canvas based tools to help authors improve the quality of their presentation visuals.
Engineering a user-level TCP for the CLAN network (2003)

As networks and I/O systems converge and the bandwidth of networks increases, conventional approaches to networking are struggling to deliver the performance and flexibility required.CLAN (Collapsed LAN) is a high performance user-level network targeted at the server room. It supports RDMA and programmed I/O (PIO). We have implemented a set of IP based protocols at user level, and shown how true zero copy transmission (without modifying the sockets API) and reception can be achieved.In this paper we discuss the problems associated with placing protocol stacks at user level and the architectural decisions required to obtain high performance. We also introduce our work using the network gateway which connects CLAN to the Internet to assist a server cluster in protocol processing.
CGMGRAPH/CGMLIB: Implementing and Testing CGM Graph Algorithms on PC Clusters and Shared Memory Machines (2005)

In this paper, we present CGMgraph, the first integrated library of parallel graph methods for PC clusters based on Coarse Grained Multicomputer (CGM) algorithms. CGMgraph implements parallel methods for various graph problems. Our implementations of deterministic list ranking, Euler tour, connected components, spanning forest, and bipartite graph detection are, to our knowledge, the first efficient implementations for PC clusters. Our library also includes CGMlib, a library of basic CGM tools such as sorting, prefix sum, one-to-all broadcast, all-to-one gather, h-Relation, all-to-all broadcast, array balancing, and CGM partitioning. Both libraries are available for download at http://www.scs.carleton.ca/~cgm. In the experimental part of this paper, we demonstrate the performance of our methods on four different architectures: a gigabit connected high performance PC cluster, a smaller PC cluster connected via fast ethernet, a network of workstations, and a shared memory machine. Our experiments show that our library provides good parallel speedup and scalability on all four platforms. The communication overhead is, in most cases, small and does not grow significantly with an increasing number of processors. This is a very important feature of CGM algorithms which makes them very efficient in practice.
Enhanced expression of 14-3-3sigma in pancreatic cancer and its role in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis (2004)

14-3-3sigma belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins, which are involved in the modulation of diverse signal transduction pathways. Loss of 14-3-3sigma expression has been observed in a number of human cancers, suggesting that it may have a role as a tumor suppressor gene. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression and the functional role of 14-3-3sigma in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Expression of 14-3-3sigma was analyzed using laser capture microdissection (LCM), quantitative real-time-PCR (QRT-PCR), DNA arrays, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The role of 14-3-3sigma in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation was evaluated by western blotting, immunoprecipitation and FACS analysis. By QRT-PCR, 14-3-3sigma mRNA levels were 54-fold increased in pancreatic adenocarcinoma in comparison with normal pancreatic samples and localized in pancreatic cancer cells as determined by LCM. In pancreatic cancer cells, the degree of 14-3-3sigma expression was not decisive for the maintenance of G(2)/M cell cycle checkpoint or induction of apoptosis. Responses to radiation or apoptosis-inducing agents were neither accompanied by a significant 14-3-3sigma accumulation nor by a change in association of 14-3-3sigma with cdc2, bad and bax. In conclusion, the marked over-expression of 14-3-3sigma in PADC together with multiple known genetic and epigenetic alterations of potential 14-3-3sigma interacting partners suggests an important role of aberrant 14-3-3sigma downstream signaling in pancreatic cancer.
Endotoxin-like properties of an extract from a symbiotic, eukaryotic Chlorella-like green alga (1996)

Hot phenol-water extraction of axenic cultures of the eukaryotic symbiotic green alga, Chlorella, yielded a substance having many of the characteristics of bacterial endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This material caused gelation of extracts of Limulus amoebocyte lysate at concentrations similar to those manifest by LPS from Gram-negative enteric bacteria. Activity was reduced substantially by incubation with polymyxin B sulfate and Limulus endotoxin-neutralizing protein (ENP), both of which have been shown to neutralize the biological activity of LPS from Gram-negative enteric bacteria. Partially purified biologically active material was found to contain 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (KDO), a sugar characteristically found in LPS. Acid hydrolysis of the Chlorella extract yielded a precipitate with characteristics of lipid A. Further hydrolysis followed by methylation yielded products with retention times on gas chromatography indistinguishable from 3-hydroxylauric and 3-hydroxymyristic acids. Results of transmission electron microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining are consistent with those obtained with purified enteric bacterial LPS. Exhaustive precautions against potential experimental artifacts due to cross contamination by endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria, either in algal cultures or associated with glassware allowed the conclusion that the green alga, Chlorella (strain NC64A) synthesizes a LPS-like molecule.
Anticancer Thiosemicarbazones: Chemical Properties, Interaction with Iron Metabolism, and Resistance Development (2018)

Significance: During the past decades, thiosemicarbazones were clinically developed for a variety of diseases, including tuberculosis, viral infections, malaria, and cancer. With regard to malignant diseases, the class of α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones, and here especially 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (Triapine), was intensively developed in multiple clinical phase I/II trials. Recent Advances: Very recently, two new derivatives, namely COTI-2 and di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) have entered phase I evaluation. Based on the strong metal-chelating/metal-interacting properties of thiosemicarbazones, interference with the cellular iron (and copper) homeostasis is assumed to play an important role in their biological activity. Critical Issues: In this review, we summarize and analyze the data on the interaction of (α-N-heterocyclic) thiosemicarbazones with iron, with the special aim of bridging the current knowledge on their mode of action from chemistry to (cell) biology. In addition, we highlight the difference to classical iron(III) chelators such as desferrioxamine (DFO), which are used for the treatment of iron overload. Future Directions: We want to emphasize that thiosemicarbazones are not solely removing iron from the cells/organism. In contrast, they should be considered as iron-interacting drugs influencing diverse biological pathways in a complex and multi-faceted mode of action. Consequently, in addition to the discussion of physicochemical properties (e.g., complex stability, redox activity), this review contains an overview on the diversity of cellular thiosemicarbazone targets and drug resistance mechanisms.
bcl-2 overexpression reduces apoptotic photoreceptor cell death in three different retinal degenerations. (1996)

Apoptosis of photoreceptors occurs infrequently in adult retina but can be triggered in inherited and environmentally induced retinal degenerations. The protooncogene bcl-2 is known to be a potent regulator of cell survival in neurons. We created lines of transgenic mice overexpressing bcl-2 to test for its ability to increase photoreceptor survival. Bcl-2 increased photoreceptor survival in mice with retinal degeneration caused by a defective opsin or cGMP phosphodiesterase. Overexpression of Bcl-2 in normal photoreceptors also decreased the damaging effects of constant light exposure. Apoptosis was induced in normal photoreceptors by very high levels of bcl-2. We conclude that bcl-2 is an important regulator of photoreceptor cell death in retinal degenerations.
Calculating glucose fluxes during meal tolerance test: a new computational approach (2007)

A new calculation method is proposed to quantify the endogenous glucose production (EGP), the glucose appearance rate due to meal ingestion (R(a meal)), and the glucose disposal (R(d)) during a three-tracer study design. The method utilizes the maximum likelihood theory combined with a regularization method to achieve a theoretically coherent computational framework. The method uses the two-compartment formulation of the glucose kinetics. Instead of assuming smoothness of unlabeled and labeled glucose concentrations, the method assumes that the EGP, the R(a meal), and the fractional glucose clearance are smooth, increasing plausibility of their individual estimates. The method avoids transformation of the measurement errors, which may skew the estimates of the EGP, R(a meal), and R(d) with the traditional approach. Finally, the sequential nature of the calculations is replaced by calculating the EGP, R(a meal), and R(d) in "one go" to avoid the propagation of the errors from the EGP and R(a meal) into R(d). An example study is shown demonstrating the utility of the approach. A better performance of the new method is demonstrated in a simulation study.
Acute-phase response factor, a nuclear factor binding to acute-phase response elements, is rapidly activated by interleukin-6 at the posttranslational level. (1993)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to be a major mediator of the acute-phase response in liver. We show here that IL-6 triggers the rapid activation of a nuclear factor, termed acute-phase response factor (APRF), both in rat liver in vivo and in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells in vitro. APRF bound to IL-6 response elements in the 5'-flanking regions of various acute-phase protein genes (e.g., the alpha 2-macroglobulin, fibrinogen, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein genes). These elements contain a characteristic hexanucleotide motif, CTGGGA, known to be required for the IL-6 responsiveness of these genes. Analysis of the binding specificity of APRF revealed that it is different from NF-IL6 and NF-kappa B, transcription factors known to be regulated by cytokines and involved in the transcriptional regulation of acute-phase protein genes. In HepG2 cells, activation of APRF was observed within minutes after stimulation with IL-6 or leukemia-inhibitory factor and did not require ongoing protein synthesis. Therefore, a preexisting inactive form of APRF is activated by a posttranslational mechanism. We present evidence that this activation occurs in the cytoplasm and that a phosphorylation is involved. These results lead to the conclusions that APRF is an immediate target of the IL-6 signalling cascade and is likely to play a central role in the transcriptional regulation of many IL-6-induced genes.
Field Operation of a Surgical Robot via Airborne Wireless Radio Link (2008)

Abstract — Robotic assisted surgery generates the possibility of remote operation between surgeon and patient. We need better understanding of the engineering issues involved in operating a surgical robot in remote locations and through novel communication links between surgeon and surgery site. This paper describes two recent experiments in which we tested a new prototype surgical robot manipulation system in field and laboratory conditions. In the first experiment, we set up the robot in a remote pasture land and ran it on generator power. Telecommunication with the surgical control station was provided by a novel airborne radio link supported by an unmanned arial vehicle. In the second experiment, we teleoperated the robot over an Internet link between Imperial College London and our laboratory in Seattle. Data are reported on surgeon completion times for basic tasks and on network latency experience. The results are a small step towards teleoperated surgical robots which can be rapidly deployed in emergency situations in the field. I.
Accommodating wind's natural behavior (2007)

Integration of wind-power plants into the electric power system presents challenges to power-system planners and operators. These challenges stem primarily from the natural characteristics of wind plants, which differ in some respects from conventional plants. Wind plants operate when the wind blows, and their power levels vary with the strength of the wind. Hence, they are not dispatchable in the traditional sense, which lessens the ability of system operators to control them while maintaining the system's balance between load and generation.
Spasticity in Rats With Sacral Spinal Cord Injury (1999)

We have investigated sacral spinal cord lesions in rats with the goal of developing a rat model of muscular spasticity that is minimally disruptive, not interfering with bladder, bowel, or hindlimb locomotor function. Spinal transections were made at the S2 sacral level and, thus, only affected the tail musculature. After spinal transection, the muscles of the tail were inactive for 2 weeks. Following this initial period, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, and clonus developed in the tail, and grew more pronounced with time. These changes were assessed in the awake rat, since the tail is readily accessible and easy to manipulate. Muscle stretch or cutaneous stimulation of the tail produced muscle spasms and marked increases in muscle tone, as measured with force and electromyographic recordings. When the tail was unconstrained, spontaneous or reflex induced flexor and extensor spasms coiled the tail. Movement during the spasms often triggered clonus in the end of the tail. The tail hair and skin were extremely hyperreflexive to light touch, withdrawing quickly at contact, and at times clonus could be entrained by repeated contact of the tail on a surface. Segmental tail muscle reflexes, e.g., Hoffman reflexes (H-reflexes), were measured before and after spinalization, and increased significantly 2 weeks after transection. These results suggest that sacral spinal rats develop symptoms of spasticity in tail muscles with similar characteristics to those seen in limb muscles of humans with spinal cord injury, and thus provide a convenient preparation for studying this condition.