gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imbalanced expression of TAN-1 and human Notch4 in endometrial cancers. (2000)

The development of cancer is a cellular process that reflects and is partly driven by alterations in cell determination. Mutations in various genes responsible for cell determination have been identified as being oncogenic; however, little is known about the involvement of normal cell fate-determining mechanisms in the oncogenic process. The Notch pathway is an evolutionarily conserved, general cell-interaction mechanism that controls fundamental aspects of cell determination during the development of vertebrates and invertebrates. We have explored the roles of the recently cloned human Notch4 gene, which is a homologue of Drosophila Notch, in endometrial tissue, a cellular environment where cell fate changes take place and neoplastic conditions have been characterized. Northern blot analysis, dot blot analysis, and in situ hybridization were performed on samples of normal endometria at different phases of the menstrual cycle and endometrial cancers. Our results showed that: a) Both human Notch4 and translocation-associated Notch homologue-1 (TAN-1), another human homologue of Drosophila Notch, are expressed in the normal endometrium, mainly in the endometrial glandular cells. b) The level of expression of human Notch4, but not TAN-1, changes during the normal menstrual cycle; i.e., the level of Notch4 expression was significantly lower during the secretory phase than during the proliferative phase. c) Endometrial cancers express a significantly lower level of human Notch4 and a significantly higher level of TAN-1 than normal endometria. These results suggest that human Notch4 and/or TAN-1 are involved in the changes of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle, and also in the development of endometrial cancer.
Running an industrial robot from a typical personal computer (2002)

In this paper a software architecture, designed to explore and control an industrial robot from a usual personal computer, is briefly presented and explained. Actual robot control systems are position controllers and therefore have no force control capabilities. The software presented can be used to add force control to the robot system, by closing a force control loop around the inner position control loop. That was the primary objective of this work. In the process several other tools were designed for easy application development and connectivity to standard commercial mathematical and data analysis applications. Those tools include: an ActiveX object used to communicate with the robot control system and expose its RPC services, an ActiveX object used to access and configure the force/torque sensor, several RAPID applications designed to add new services and an DDE server designed to enable sensor and robot access from DDE client applications. A Matlab toolbox was also designed to operate with our robot. The above referred tools are briefly introduced. This work is closely related with the robot/controller used. Nevertheless, the ideas presented can be easily implemented with other robots/controllers since many of them provide the same type of remote access and implement similar remote services. The software was designed to run under Windows platforms, preferably Windows NT.
Identification of sialic acid in polysaccharide antigens in group B Streptococcus (1976)

By means of paper chromatographic techniques with purified, sialic acid-containing, bacterial antigen standards, sialic acid, as well as galactose and glucosamine, have been identified as components of each type-specific antigen of group B Streptococcus. Rhamnose was not detected in the group B antigen isolated by the classical HCl and heat extraction method.
How Often Is Medication Taken as Prescribed? (1989)

The evaluation of the efficacy of medication is confounded when patients do not adhere to prescribed regimens. Overdosing, underdosing, and erratic dosing intervals can diminish drug action or cause adverse effects. Using a new method with epilepsy as a model, we assessed compliance with long-term medications among newly treated and long-term patients. Medication Event Monitor Systems (Aprex Corporation, Fremont, Calif) are standard pill bottles with micro-processors in the cap to record every bottle opening as a presumptive dose. Compliance rates averaged 76% during 3428 days observed: 87% of the once daily, 81% of the twice daily, 77% of the three times a day, and 39% of the four times a day dosages were taken as prescribed. Coefficients of variation of drug serum concentrations had no significant relationship to compliance rates. Pill counts overestimated compliance increasingly as compliance with the prescribed regimen declined. Neither drug serum concentrations nor pill counts would have identified the frequency of missed doses that were revealed with continuous dose observations.
One-Pot Synthesis of Uniform Cu2O and CuS Hollow Spheres and Their Optical Limiting Properties (2008)

Uniform hollow spheres of Cu2O and CuS were successfully synthesized by chemical transformation of in situ formed sacrificial templates containing Cu(I) in aqueous solutions. The shell thickness of these hollow spheres can be adjusted through the choice of the bromide source used for the formation of intermediate templates. Specifically, thick-shell hollow spheres (about 130−180 nm in shell thickness) were obtained by using CuBr solid spheres as the templates, which were formed by the reduction of CuBr2 with ascorbic acid; on the other hand, thin-shell hollow spheres (about 20−25 nm in shell thickness) were obtained by using spherical aggregates consisting of the Cu+, Br−, and (C4H9)4N+ ions as the templates, which were formed by the reduction of CuCl2 with ascorbic acid in the presence of (C4H9)4NBr. In both cases, crystalline Cu2O hollow spheres were directly obtained at room temperature, while amorphous Cu2S hollow spheres were first obtained at room temperature and transformed into well-crystallized CuS hollow spheres after a hydrothermal treatment at 160 °C. The optical limiting properties of the thin-shell hollow spheres of Cu2O and CuS were characterized by using nanosecond laser pulses. Strong optical limiting responses were detected for both the Cu2O and CuS hollow spheres, which make these semiconductor hollow spheres promising materials for applications in the protection of human eyes or optical sensors from high-power laser irradiation.
Characterization of a circular plasmid from the yeast Kluyveromyces waltii (1992)

A new plasmid was found in the yeast Kluyveromyces waltii. This high-copy-number plasmid, named pKW1, is a double-stranded circular DNA plasmid of 5619 bp. It has several features characteristic of the 2 mu-type plasmids: presence of two inverted repeats and four open reading frames, as well as the interconversion of two isomeric forms. However, the nucleotide sequence shows little homology with known yeast plasmids. An ARS function was localized within a segment of 545 bp near one of the inverted repeats. Chimeric plasmids carrying this segment efficiently transformed K. waltii. A strain of K. waltii cured of the plasmid (cir degree) was also obtained. In the pKW1 sequence, a functionally neutral region was found at which foreign DNA can be inserted with little effect on plasmid stability. Such constructions carrying the full sequence of pKW1 replicated autonomously in a cir degree host and were particularly stable. pKW1-derived full-sequence plasmids also transformed K. thermotolerans, but not K. lactis.
Increased Fetal DNA Concentrations in the Plasma of Pregnant Women Carrying Fetuses with Trisomy 21 (1999)

Abnormally high concentrations of circulating fetal DNA are found in a proportion of women carrying fetuses with trisomy 21. The robustness and reproducibility of real-time PCR analysis of maternal plasma makes it a valuable tool for cross-institutional collaboration involving centers located in different parts of the world.
Fluorescence of covalently attached pyrene as a general RNA folding probe (2006)

Fluorescence techniques are commonly and powerfully applied to monitor biomolecular folding. In a limited fashion, the fluorescence emission intensity of covalently attached pyrene has been used as a reporter of RNA conformational changes. Here, we pursue two goals: we examine the relationship between tether identity and fluorescence response, and we determine the general utility of pyrene fluorescence to monitor RNA folding. The P4-P6 domain of the Tetrahymena group I intron RNA was systematically modified at multiple nucleotide positions with pyrene derivatives that provide a range of tether lengths and compositions between the RNA and chromophore. Certain tethers typically lead to a superior fluorescence signal upon RNA folding, as demonstrated by equilibrium titrations with Mg2+. In addition, useful fluorescence responses were obtained with pyrene placed at several nucleotide positions dispersed throughout P4-P6. This suggests that monitoring of tertiary folding by fluorescence of covalently attached pyrene will be generally applicable to structured RNA molecules.
Serum biochemistry of healthy Yucatan miniature pigs. (1986)

Sera collected from 24 (12 boars and 12 gilts) healthy, fasted 28-43 week-old Yucatan miniature pigs were analyzed for 21 clinical chemistry parameters. The mean, standard deviation, median, and observed range for each parameter are presented as reference values for the normal blood chemistry for this breed. Comparison with published values reveals that the Yucatan miniature pig has a blood chemistry profile comparable to that of domestic pigs and other breeds of miniature swine.
Phacoemulsification skills training and assessment (2009)

BACKGROUND The quality of ophthalmic surgical training is increasingly challenged by an untimely convergence of several factors. This article reviews the tools currently available for training and assessment in phacoemulsification surgery. METHODS Medline searches were performed to identify articles with combinations of the following words: phacoemulsification, training, curriculum, virtual reality and assessment. Further articles were obtained by manually searching the reference lists of identified papers. RESULTS Thus far phacoemulsification training outside the operating room include wet labs and micro-surgical skills courses. These methods have been criticised for being unrealistic, inaccurate and inconsistent. Virtual reality simulators have the ability to teach phacoemulsification psychomotor skills, as well as to carry out objective assessment. Other ophthalmic surgical skill assessment tools such as Objective Assessment of Skills in Intraocular Surgery (OASIS) and Global Rating Assessment of Skills in Intraocular Surgery (GRASIS) are emerging. Assessor bias is minimised by using video-based assessments, which have been shown to reduce subjectivity. Dexterity analysis technology such as the Imperial College Surgical Assessment Device (ICSAD) and virtual reality simulators can be used as objective assessment devices. CONCLUSION Improvements in technology can be utilised in ophthalmology and will help to address the increasingly limited opportunities for training and assessment during training and throughout a subsequent career (re-training and re-validation). This will inevitably translate into enhanced patient care.
Effects of islet isografts on hemodynamic and vascular filtration changes in diabetic rats (1990)

To assess the reversibility of diabetes-induced increases in regional vascular albumin permeation and blood flow and changes in kidney filtration function, islets isografts were given via the portal vein after 2 mo of streptozocin-induced diabetes in male Lewis rats. One month later, vascular function was assessed in control rats, islet-transplanted diabetic rats, and untreated diabetic rats (6-9 rats/group). Untreated diabetic rats were markedly hyperglycemic, hyperphagic, and polyuric. Transplanted rats were euglycemic within 6 days; 24-h urine volumes were virtually normalized by 2 wk and food consumption was normalized 4 wk after transplantation. Vascular albumin permeation in diabetic rats was significantly increased 1.4- to 1.7-fold in anterior uvea, choroid, retina, sciatic nerve, new granulation tissue, and kidney and was increased 1.1- to 1.3-fold in diaphragm, cecum, and optic nerve. Albumin permeation was not increased in aorta, brain, heart, or forelimb skeletal muscle. Islet transplants significantly reduced but did not completely normalize vascular albumin permeation in most tissues in which it was increased by diabetes but had no effect on albumin permeation in optic nerve, sciatic nerve, and diaphragm. Urinary excretion of endogenous albumin and IgG in diabetic rats was significantly increased 19- and 14-fold, respectively, and was virtually normalized 4 days after islet transplantation. Marked (1.8-fold) increases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in diabetic rats were also substantially reduced by islet transplants but remained elevated 1.4-fold control values. Likewise, diabetes-induced increases in regional blood flow were reduced in general but not normalized by islet transplants. These observations indicate that 1) diabetes-induced hemodynamic changes and alterations in vascular filtration function are not rapidly reversed by euglycemia after islet transplantation, 2) diabetes-induced increases in urinary albumin and IgG excretion are more readily normalized by euglycemia than increases in GFR and renal 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin ( 125I-BSA) filtration, and 3) significant increases in GFR and renal 125I-BSA filtration may not be manifested by albuminuria.
Functionalized nanopipettes: toward label-free, single cell biosensors (2010)

Nanopipette technology has been proven to be a label-free biosensor capable of identifying DNA and proteins. The nanopipette can include specific recognition elements for analyte discrimination based on size, shape, and charge density. The fully electrical read-out and the ease and low-cost fabrication are unique features that give this technology an enormous potential. Unlike other biosensing platforms, nanopipettes can be precisely manipulated with submicron accuracy and used to study single cell dynamics. This review is focused on creative applications of nanopipette technology for biosensing. We highlight the potential of this technology with a particular attention to integration of this biosensor with single cell manipulation platforms.
Long-term antibacterial efficacy of air plasma-activated water (2011)

Indirect air dielectric barrier discharge in close proximity to water creates an acidified, nitrogen-oxide containing solution known as plasma-activated water (PAW), which remains antibacterial for several days. Suspensions of E. coli were exposed to PAW for either 15 min or 3 h over a 7-day period after PAW generation. Both exposure times yielded initial antibacterial activity corresponding to a ∼5-log reduction in cell viability, which decreased at differing rates over 7 days to negligible activity and a 2.4-log reduction for 15 min and 3 h exposures, respectively. The solution remained at pH ∼2.7 for this period and initially included hydrogen peroxide, nitrate and nitrite anions. The solution composition varied significantly over this time, with hydrogen peroxide and nitrite diminishing within a few days, during which the antibacterial efficacy of 15 min exposures decreased significantly, while that of 3 h exposures produced a 5-log reduction or more. These results highlight the complexity of PAW solutions where multiple chemical components exert varying biological effects on differing time scales.
Ternäre Halogenide vom Typ A3MX6. I A3YCl6 (A = K, NH4, Rb, Cs): Synthese, Strukturen, Thermisches Verhalten. Über einige analoge Chloride der Lanthanide (1992)

Abstract Chloride vom Typ A 3 MCl 6 (A = K, Rb, Cs; M = Y, TbLu) werden durch Umsetzung der Trichloride MCl 3 mit Alkalichloriden ACl in evakuierten Quarzglas‐Ampullen bei 850–900°C dargestellt, (NH 4 ) 3 YCl 6 nach der “Ammoniumchlorid‐Methode”. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse an einem Einkristall von Rb 3 YCl 6 (monoklin, C2/c (Nr. 15), Z = 8, a = 2583(1) pm, b = 788,9(4) pm, c = 1283,9(7) pm, β = 99,63(4)°, R = 0,062, R w = 0,050) ergab Isotypie zu Cs 3 BiCl 6 . Ausgehend vom Elpasolith‐Typ (K 2 NaAlF 6 ) werden Cs 3 BiCl 6 und nahe verwandte Strukturen (K 3 MoCl 6 , In 2 Cl 3 ) mit dem Modell dichtest gepackter Schichten beschrieben. Für die zu Rb 3 YCl 6 isotypen Chloride Rb 3 MCl 6 (M = Y, TbLu), sowie Cs 3 YCl 6 und Cs 3 ErCl 6 werden Gitterkonstanten angegeben. Das “System” (K, NH 4 , Rb, Cs)YCl 6 wurde mittels DTA und Heiz‐Guinier‐Aufnahmen untersucht.
Ischemic Stroke and Incomplete Infarction (1996)

We aim to alert physicians to the potential development of incomplete brain infarctions in patients with intracranial arterial occlusions. Recognizing incomplete infarcts is particularly important in the context of stroke therapy with thrombolytic and neuroprotective agents. This brain lesion is likely to be the consequence of an arterial occlusion with a resultant ischemia of moderate severity (eg, regional blood flows in the range of 15 to 20 mL x 100 g-1 x min-1).
Measurements of a wireless link in an industrial environment using an IEEE 802.11-compliant physical layer (2002)

The design and simulation of coding schemes, medium access control (MAC), and link-layer protocols for future industrial wireless local area networks can be supported by some understanding of the statistical properties of the bit error patterns delivered by a wireless link (which is an ensemble of transmitter, channel, receiver, modems). The authors present results of bit error measurements taken with an IEEE 802.11-compliant radio modem in an industrial environment. In addition to reporting the most important results, they draw some conclusions for the design of MAC and link-layer protocols. Furthermore, they show that the popular Gilbert/Elliot model and a modified version of it are a useful tool for simulating bit errors on a wireless link, despite their simplicity and failure to match certain measured statistics.
Tissue-specific expression of the fibril-associated collagens XII and XIV (1994)

Interstitial collagen fibrils form the supporting scaffold of all connective tissues. The synthesis of this framework is subject to a precise spatial and temporal regulation in order to meet the mechanical needs of every tissue type. A subgroup of non-fibrillar collagens termed FACIT seems to play a role in this regulation by providing specific molecular bridges between fibrils and other matrix components. Collagens XII and XIV represent such FACIT molecules and occur preferentially in tissues containing banded type I collagen fibrils. We have used the techniques of indirect immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization to investigate the expression patterns of the two molecules during chicken embryonic development. We detected specific differences in these patterns, which may be related to the respective functions of the two proteins within the connective tissues. Collagen XIV was expressed at very few sites in the 6-day-old embryo, but occurred in virtually every collagen I-containing tissue (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, gizzard, tendon, periosteum, nerve) by the end of embryonic development. In contrast, collagen XII was fairly abundant in the 6-day-old embryo but was, at later stages, restricted to only a few dense connective tissue structures (bone, tendon, gizzard). Thus, our results suggest that collagen XII and collagen XIV serve different functions during embryonic development although their structures are highly similar.
Cysteine proteinase cathepsin K mRNA is expressed in synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and is detected at sites of synovial bone destruction. (1998)

The data indicate that cathepsin K is not only expressed by osteoclasts but also by synovial fibroblasts, and suggest that cathepsin K contributes to bone destruction mediated by RA synovial cells. The expression of cathepsin K around lymphocytic infiltrates suggests further to facilitate the movement of mononuclear cells through the perivascular interstitial matrix and thereby contribute to interstitial matrix turnover.
Core2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase enzyme activity is critical for P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 binding to P-selectin (1996)

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is a high-affinity counterreceptor for P-selectin on myeloid cells and activated T-cells. In addition, PSGL-1 can serve, both in vitro and in vivo, as an E-selectin ligand. Appropriate glycosylation of PSGL-1 is crucial for binding to P-selectin. Functional PSGL-1 is known to bear sialyl lewis X (SLex) or a closely related oligosaccharide. In this study, we show that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing PSGL-1 and fucosyltransferase show a dramatic increase in binding to P-selectin when transfected with "core2" transferase, the enzyme that initiates branching of O-linked glycans. Moreover, only PSGL-1 from core2 transfectant CHO cells can be affinity-captured with P-selectin, suggesting that branched O-linked glycans are required for high-affinity binding to P-selectin. Analysis of PSGL-1-derived O-linked oligosaccharides produced in core2 transfected cells shows the presence of more elaborated glycans. Interestingly, transfection of core2 in these cells does not alter binding to E-selectin.
Comorbid and co-occurring conditions in migraine and associated risk of increasing headache pain intensity and headache frequency: results of the migraine in America symptoms and treatment (MAST) study (2020)

In regression models controlled for sociodemographic variables, all conditions studied were reported more often by those with migraine. Whether entered into the models separately or together, headache pain intensity and MHD frequency were associated with increased risk for many conditions. Future work is required to understand the causal sequence of relationships (direct causality, reverse causality, shared underlying predisposition), the potential confounding role of healthcare professional consultation and treatment, and potential detection bias.
Congenital factor X deficiency: spectrum of bleeding symptoms in 32 Iranian patients (1998)

The spectrum of the clinical manifestations of congenital factor X deficiency was studied in 32 Iranian patients. The most frequent symptom was epistaxis, which occurred in 72% of patients, with all degrees of deficiency. Other mucosal haemorrhages (e.g. haematuria, gastrointestinal bleeding) were less frequent and occurred mainly in patients with unmeasurable factor X. Menorrhagia occurred in half of the women of reproductive age. Soft tissue bleeding occurred in two-thirds of the patients; spontaneous haematomas and haemarthroses led to severe arthropathy in five patients. Bleeding from the umbilical stump was an unexpected finding in nine patients. This study demonstrated that the bleeding tendency of factor X deficiency is severe and correlates with factor levels.