gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Ag Colloid Monolayers (1998)

The process of Ag colloid self-assembly onto organosilane-functionalized glass, carbon, and Au surfaces has been studied using UV−visible spectrophotometry, quartz crystal microgravimetry, and atomic force microscopy. Ag colloids prepared by citrate reduction and by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid reduction of Ag+ yield different deposition kinetics, primarily a result of differences in particle concentration and monodispersity. The sticking probabilities and equilibrium constants for each type of colloid were measured. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and electrochemical properties of Ag colloid monolayers were compared to bulk Ag. Deposition of Ag colloid onto carbon electrodes improves the heterogeneous rate constant for electron transfer to [Ru(NH3)6]3+, but the modified electrodes still fall short of values obtained for bulk Ag. Likewise, Ag colloid monolayers are less SERS-active than roughened bulk Ag. The effects of particles polydispersity on these phenomena are discussed.
Unified approach to the analysis of genetic variation in serotonergic pathways (1999)

Serotonin is a key neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and dysregulation of serotonergic pathways has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many complex psychiatric diseases. Polymorphisms of many of the genes involved in serotonin biosynthesis, catabolism, and response have been reported, suggesting that genetic variability may underlie the development of diseases such as schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, and suicide. A number of single-gene polymorphisms in serotonergic pathways have been examined in these and other diseases, but to date results from this candidate gene approach have been disappointing. Although this may be because the detection of a small effect may require the analysis of large numbers of patients and controls, an alternative explanation is that the clinical importance of a single subtle genetic variant may be overlooked unless other functionally related genes are studied in tandem. To facilitate an integrated analysis, we have developed a PCR-SSP-based assay that permits the simultaneous genotyping of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 9 serotonergic genes under identical conditions. These genes include tryptophan hydroxylase, tryptophan dioxygenase, monoamine oxidase A, and the serotonin receptors 5HT1A, 5HT1D-alpha, 5HT1D-beta, 5HT2A, 5HT2C, and 5HT5A. Using this technology, we have genotyped 100 Caucasoid control individuals and demonstrate that this approach is reliable, quick, cheap, and easy to interpret. We anticipate that this will facilitate the analysis of the genetic basis of susceptibility and phenotypic variability of a number of complex psychiatric diseases. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 88:621-627, 1999.
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme ACE 2350*G and ACE-240*T-related genotypes and alleles are associated with higher susceptibility to endometriosis (2004)

Endometriosis displays features similar to malignancy, ranging from neovascularization to local invasion and aggressive spread to distant organs. The altered vascular-related genes might be related to the development of endometriosis. This study investigates whether angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) *A2350G and A-240T gene polymorphisms could be used as markers of susceptibility in endometriosis. Women were divided into two groups: (1) endometriosis group (n=150) and (2) non-endometriosis group (n=159). Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral leukocytes. ACE A2350G and A-240T gene polymorphisms were amplified by PCR and detected after restriction enzyme digestion with BstUI and XbaI. Genotypes and allelic frequencies in both groups were compared. We observed that genotype distribution and allele frequency of ACE 2350 and ACE-240 gene polymorphisms in both groups were significantly different. Proportions of ACE 2350*A homozygote/heterozygote/G homozygote in both groups were: (1) 66.7/29.3/4% and (2) 96.2/3.1/0.7%. Proportions of ACE-240*A homozygote/heterozygote/T homozygote in both groups were: (1) 43.3/46/10.7% and (2) 62.9/35.8/1.3%. We concluded that ACE 2350*G and ACE-240*T-related genotypes and alleles are associated with higher susceptibility to endometriosis. ACE A2350G and A-240T gene polymorphisms might be associated with endometriosis development.
The Molecular Basis Of T-Cell Specificity (1990)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Dynamics of the Shoulder and Elbow Joints of the Throwing Arm during a Baseball Pitch (1986)

Fastball pitches of eight intercollegiate varsity baseball pitchers were filmed using the direct linear transformation (DLT) method of three-dimensional cinematography. Coordinate data were obtained, and the resultant joint forces and torques at the shoulder and elbow joints were calculated. Various kinematic parameters were also calculated to help describe the motions of the shoulder and elbow joints throughout the pitch. At the instant of stride foot contact, a horizontal adduction torque was present at the shoulder joint, and the shoulder was externally rotating. After the onset of the horizontal adduction torque, abduction and internal rotation torques were also present at the shoulder joint and a varus torque was present at the elbow joint. After the instant of maximum external rotation (30 ms prior to ball release), the upper arm started to internally rotate, but it was still in a position of external rotation at the instant of release. This paper discusses the roles of the torques in producing the observed motions of the throwing arm.
AN ANTIMALARIAL ALKALOID FROM HYDRANGEA. XI. SYNTHESIS OF 3-[β-KETO-γ-(3- AND 4-HYDROXYMETHYL-2-PYRROLIDYL)PROPYL]- 4-QUINAZOLONES (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAN ANTIMALARIAL ALKALOID FROM HYDRANGEA. XI. SYNTHESIS OF 3-[β-KETO-γ-(3- AND 4-HYDROXYMETHYL-2-PYRROLIDYL)PROPYL]- 4-QUINAZOLONESB. R. BAKER, ROBERT E. SCHAUB, and JAMES H. WILLIAMSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1952, 17, 1, 116–131Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01135a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01135a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views481Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CoREST is an integral component of the CoREST- human histone deacetylase complex (2001)

Here we describe the components of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex that we term the CoREST-HDAC complex. CoREST-HDAC is composed of polypeptides distinct from previously characterized HDAC1/2-containing complexes such as the mSin3 and nucleosome remodeling and deacetylating (NRD, also named NURD, NuRD) complex. Interestingly, we do not observe RbAp46 and RbAp48 in this complex, although these proteins have been observed in all previously identified complexes and are thought to be part of an HDAC1/2 core. We identify the transcriptional corepressor CoREST and a protein with homology to polyamine oxidases as components of CoREST-HDAC. The HDAC1/2-interacting region of CoREST is mapped to a 179-aa region containing a SANT domain, a domain found in other HDAC1/2-interacting proteins such as NCoR, MTA1, and MTA2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the corepressor function of CoREST depends on this region. Although CoREST initially was cloned as a corepressor to REST (RE1 silencing transcription factor/neural restrictive silencing factor), we find no evidence for the existence of the eight-zinc finger REST transcription factor as an interacting partner in this complex; however, we do find evidence for association of the putative oncogene ZNF 217 that contains eight zinc fingers.
Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism (1980)

The rapidly expanding literature regarding prevention of venous thromboembolism is confusing and contradictory, but, when analysed in the aggregate, the collective experience permits a judgment about the relative efficacy of different prophylactic regimens in specific patient populations, who vary in the risk factors predisposing them to thromboembolism. The dollar cost of the several approaches to prevention and their consequences should also be a matter of concern. Efficacy and dollar cost together determine cost effectiveness, which provides a practical guide to selection of the prophylactic approach appropriate to an individual patient.
Migraine, headache, and survival in women (1984)

A population study of 1310 women aged 45-64 years determined the prevalence of headache and migraine in the preceding year. To investigate the hypothesis that women with migraine had a higher mortality rate, these women were followed up nearly 12 years later. Un- expectedly, the mortality was found to be higher in women without headaches. Women with headaches and migraine had a relative risk of dying of 0 72 (95% confidence interval 0 52-100) compared with those without headaches.
Truncated tau protein as a new marker for Alzheimer's disease. (1994)

Molecular analysis of histological hallmarks (neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, neuropil threads and dystrophic neurites) of Alzheimer diseased brain tissues showed that these lesions contain paired helical filaments. Their major constituent is microtubule associated protein tau that is in an abnormally hyperphosphorylated and truncated state. These diseased forms of tau protein are unable to promote full microtubule assembly. Understanding of the molecular basis of the processes leading to the modifications of tau proteins and paired helical filament formation will form a firm step toward rational drug development and the cure of the Alzheimer's disease.
Complement Activation Produced by Biomaterials (1988)

The complement-activating potential of biomaterials may be defined by appropriate application of C3a and C5a anaphylatoxin radioimmunoassays. Studies performed with hemodialysis membranes demonstrate that blood contact with these model biomaterials results in complement activation that may be ascribed to specific properties of the material surface. Further delineation of these chemical and physical properties may permit design of biocompatible materials.
Universal Real-Time PCR for the Detection and Quantification of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 2-Derived Inverted Terminal Repeat Sequences (2012)

Viral vectors based on various naturally occurring adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes are among the most promising tools in human gene therapy. For the production of recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors, researchers are focusing predominantly on cross-packaging an artificial AAV genome based on serotype 2 (AAV2) into capsids derived from other serotypes. Within the packaged genome the inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) are the only cis-acting viral elements required for rAAV vector generation and depict the lowest common denominator of all AAV2-derived vector genomes. Up to now, no quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the detection and quantification of AAV2 ITRs could be established because of their extensive secondary hairpin structure formation. Current qPCR-based methods are therefore targeting vector-encoded transgenes or regulatory elements. Herein we establish a molecular biological method that allows accurate and reproducible quantification of AAV2 genomes on the basis of an AAV2 ITR sequence-specific qPCR. Primers and labeled probe are located within the ITR sequence and have been designed to detect both wild-type AAV2 and AAV2-based vectors. This method is suitable for detecting single-stranded DNA derived from AAV2 vector particles and double-stranded DNA derived from vector plasmids. The limit of detection has been determined as 50 ITR sequence copies per reaction, by comparison with a plasmid standard. In conclusion, this method describes the first qPCR system facilitating the detection and quantification of AAV2 ITR sequences. Because this method can be used universally for all AAV2 genome-based vectors, it will significantly simplify rAAV2 vector titrations in the future. Aurnhammer and colleagues have developed a quantitative PCR method for accurate, sensitive, and reproducible quantification of adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) genomes based on amplifying sequences within the inverted terminal repeat sequences. This method can detect both wild-type and recombinant AAV2 vectors, and is suitable for single- and double-stranded DNA derived from either vector particles or plasmids.
Printing Functional Protein Microarrays Using Piezoelectric Capillaries (2004)

The use of piezoelectric dispensers for the fabrication of protein biochips has become a popular approach owing to its inherent advantages of noncontact with the printing surface and the opportunity for recovery of unused sample. Despite the inherent advantages of this printing method, little attention has been devoted to the quantitative aspects of dispensing small volumes of dilute protein solutions from the borosilicate glass capillaries employed by piezoelectric dispensers. Here, a method is detailed that demonstrates the benefits of using a low-ionic-strength phosphate printing buffer containing the carrier protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) to deposit capture antibody microspots. When this buffer is used to deposit biotinylated capture antibodies, 3.6- to 44-fold more protein is delivered to an avidin-coated surface compared to when the antibodies are deposited in standard phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in the absence of BSA. Further, this method results in the deposition of capture antibodies that adopt a more uniform spot morphology.
Coupling of antigen to cholera toxin for dendritic cell vaccination promotes the induction of MHC class I‐restricted cytotoxic T cells and the rejection of a cognate antigen‐expressing model tumor (2004)

We previously demonstrated that cholera toxin (CT) is highly efficient as a combined carrier and adjuvant for dendritic cell (DC) vaccination, inducing strong Th1-dominated B cell and CD4(+) T cell responses. In this study we show that vaccination with DC pre-pulsed ex vivo with CT-conjugated OVA (OVA-CT) gives rise to OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells that produce IFN-gamma and are cytotoxic for OVA-expressing E.G7 tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. The induction of specific CD8(+) CTL by OVA-CT-treated DC was associated with enhanced presentation of OVA peptide (SIINFEKL) on MHC class I in combination with an overall activation of the pulsed DC. Vaccination of mice with OVA-CT-pulsed DC resulted in rejection of already established MHC class I-positive, MHC class II-negative, OVA-expressing E.G7 tumors in an antigen-specific, CD8(+) T cell-dependent fashion and was associated with high numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells. Conjugation of antigen to CT facilitated DC uptake of the linked antigen through the GM1 receptor-binding B subunit and induced strong activation-maturation signals through the biologically active A subunit. These results have interesting implications for DC vaccination aimed at inducing CTL immune responses.
Comparative genomic analysis of the gut bacterium Bifidobacterium longum reveals loci susceptible to deletion during pure culture growth (2008)

Deletion of genomic regions, often facilitated by mobile elements, allows bifidobacteria to adapt to fermentation environments in a very rapid manner (2 genome deletions per 1,000 generations) and the concomitant loss of possible competitive abilities in the gut.
Three‐dimensional intracellular transport in neuron bodies and neurites investigated by label‐free dispersion‐relation phase spectroscopy (2017)

Due to the limitations of fluorescence imaging techniques, the study of intracellular cargo is typically restricted to two-dimensional analyses. To overcome low light levels and the risk of phototoxicity, we employ quantitative phase imaging, a family of full-field imaging techniques that measure the optical path length shift introduced by the specimen. Specifically, we use spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) to study the transport of mass in whole tomographic volumes and show that a time-correlation technique, dispersion-relation phase spectroscopy (DPS), can be used to simultaneously assay the horizontal and vertical traffic of mass through a cell. To validate our method, we compare the traffic inside cell bodies and neuronal extensions, showing that the vertical transport of mass may prove a more sensitive and interesting metric than similar measurements limited to a 2D, horizontal plane. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Development (2000)

Our understanding of neural development has advanced dramatically over the past decade. Significant insights have now been obtained into seven fundamental developmental processes: first, induction of the neural plate; second, regionalization of the neural tube along the dorsoventral and anteroposterior axes; third, generation of neurons and glia from multipotential precursors; fourth, apoptotic cell death; fifth, migration of neurons; sixth, guidance of axons to their targets; and seventh, formation of synapses.
Identification and Characterization of a New Cross-Reactive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody (2004)

The identification and characterization of new human monoclonal antibodies (hMAbs) able to neutralize primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from different subtypes may help in our understanding of the mechanisms of virus entry and neutralization and in the development of entry inhibitors and vaccines. For enhanced selection of broadly cross-reactive antibodies, soluble HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs proteins) from two isolates complexed with two-domain soluble CD4 (sCD4) were alternated during panning of a phage-displayed human antibody library; these two Env proteins (89.6 and IIIB gp140s), and one additional Env (JR-FL gp120) alone and complexed with sCD4 were used for screening. An antibody with relatively long HCDR3 (17 residues), designated m14, was identified that bound to all antigens and neutralized heterologous HIV-1 isolates in multiple assay formats. Fab m14 potently neutralized selected well-characterized subtype B isolates, including JRCSF, 89.6, IIIB, and Yu2. Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) m14 was more potent than Fab m14 and neutralized 7 of 10 other clade B isolates; notably, although the potency was on average significantly lower than that of IgG1 b12, IgG1 m14 neutralized two of the isolates with significantly lower 50% inhibitory concentrations than did IgG1 b12. IgG1 m14 neutralized four of four selected clade C isolates with potency higher than that of IgG1 b12. It also neutralized 7 of 17 clade C isolates from southern Africa that were difficult to neutralize with other hMAbs and sCD4. IgG1 m14 neutralized four of seven primary HIV-1 isolates from other clades (A, D, E, and F) much more efficiently than did IgG1 b12; for the other three isolates, IgG b12 was much more potent. Fab m14 bound with high (nanomolar range) affinity to gp120 and gp140 from various isolates; its binding was reduced by soluble CD4 and antibodies recognizing the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) on gp120, and its footprint as defined by alanine-scanning mutagenesis overlaps that of b12. These results suggest that m14 is a novel CD4bs cross-reactive HIV-1-neutralizing antibody that exhibits a different inhibitory profile compared to the only known potent broadly neutralizing CD4bs human antibody, b12, and may have implications for our understanding of the mechanisms of immune evasion and for the development of inhibitors and vaccines.
Intrusion detection: a brief history and overview (2002)

The goal of intrusion detection is seemingly simple: to detect intrusions. However, the task is difficult, and in fact intrusion detection systems do not detect intrusions at all, they only identify evidence of intrusions, either while they are in progress or after the fact. The paper considers data collection issues, intrusion detection techniques, system effectiveness and network wide analysis.
원저 : 급성림프구성백혈병에서 PCR 을 이용한 잔존종양세포의 검출 (1996)

Objectives: Immunoglobulin heavy chain(IgH) gene rearrangements are specific for each lymphoblastic leukemic clones. We studied sensitivity and specificity of clonospecific probe produced by amplification of IgH gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods : 7 acute lymphoblastic leuketnia(ALL) patients who had Igk3 gene rearrangement by southern blot analysis were studied. DNA of patients at diagnosis were extracted from bone marrow mononuclear cells and amplified by PCR with primers recognizing consensus sequence of V(variable) and J(joining) region of IgH gene, Clonospecific probe produced directly from PCR products without sequencing. Results: In 6 patients, rearranged band was detected on electrophoresis after PCR. Dot blot of the amplified products were hybridized with each clonspecific probe produced by simplified method using PCR. 6 probes from each patient detected PCR products from its own patient DNA, while no cross-hybridization was found in the 6 samples. The sensitivity of this method was 10-3. Conclusion: The clonospecific probes were produced by simplified method without sequencing. The probes produced showed excellent clono-specificity but low sensitivity. Further studies required to improve sensitivity of clonspecific probe and to evaluate clinical significance of minimal residual disease(MRD).
On the Regulation and Control of Fibrinolysis (1980)

Keywords Fibrinolysis - Plasminogen - α2-Antiplasmin - Plasminogen activators - Molecular biology