gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of vimentin and survivin in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and correlation with p53 (2014)

Reliable basis about biological behavior and prognosis judgments of ccRCC can be provided by combining detection of vimentin and survivin. Foundation and new ideas for gene therapy of ccRCC may be provided by further studying the relationship among vimentin, survivin and p53 in ccRCC.
Protein Glycosylation and Diseases: Blood and Urinary Oligosaccharides as Markers for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring (2000)

Identification of glycoprotein glycoforms is becoming an increasingly important laboratory contribution to the diagnosis and management of human diseases as more diseases are found to result from glycan structural alterations.
Compiler-directed dynamic voltage and frequency scaling for cpu power and energy reduction (2003)

OF THE DISSERTATION COMPILER-DIRECTED DYNAMIC VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY SCALING FOR CPU POWER AND ENERGY REDUCTION by Chung-Hsing Hsu Dissertation Director: Ulrich Kremer The high power consumption of a processor is becoming a critical problem for both battery-powered devices and high-performance computers. It reduces circuit reliability, complicates the cooling technology, shortens the battery lifetime, and increases the production and operation costs of a CPU. One e#ective technique, called dynamic voltage scaling (DVS), achieves CPU power reduction through lowering the CPU supply voltage and clock frequency at runtime. It is e#ective because the CPU power is proportional to the clock frequency and to the square of the supply voltage. However, the CPU power savings come at the cost of degraded performance due to the slower clock frequency. Furthermore, the longer the CPU runs, the more power other computer components (e.g., disk and screen) will consume; not to mention that a user may not be willing to sacrifice any performance. Therefore, DVS should only be applied when it will not noticeably a#ect performance.
Disposition of tricyclic nucleoside-5'-monophosphate in blood and plasma of patients during phase I and II clinical trials. (1986)

Tricyclic nucleoside-5'-monophosphate (TCN-P) and its dephosphorylated metabolite tricyclic nucleoside (TCN) have been measured in the blood and plasma of patients receiving TCN-P by rapid iv infusion in a phase I trial at daily doses of 24-55 mg/m2 for 5 days and in patients receiving TCN-P in a phase II trial at a single dose of 250 mg/m2. TCN-P was rapidly accumulated by rbcs and had an initial half-life in blood of 6.1 hours and a terminal half-life of 89.2 hours. Total-body blood clearance of TCN-P was 2.6 ml/minute/m2. The concentration of TCN-P in blood was not related to the dose of TCN-P and did not increase over 5 days' administration in the phase I patients. Plasma contained little detectable TCN-P even 5 minutes after administration. Plasma contained low concentrations of TCN, up to 0.4 microgram/ml, which were maintained over several days. TCN did not accumulate in the plasma with repeated administration of TCN-P in the phase I patients. No other metabolites of TCN-P, apart from TCN, were detected in blood or plasma. No relationship was detected between pharmacokinetics and toxic response of TCN-P in the phase II patients.
Proliferation of Murine Thymic Lymphocytes in Vitro Is Mediated by the Concanavalin A-Induced Release of a Lymphokine (Costimulator) (1976)

Mitogen-induced proliferation of lymphocytes may in theory result directly from the interaction of mitogen with the cells, or indirectly as a result of the mitogen-stimulated release of lymphokines. In the case of murine thymic lymphocytes exposed to concanavalin A (Con A) in tissue culture, we have determined that mitogenesis depends upon a lymphokine. Interaction of the thymic lymphocytes with lectin is necessary, but not sufficient, for mitogenesis. A lymphokine, or costimulator for mitogenesis, is released by normal spleen or thymus cells during the first 16 hr of their exposure to Con A, and in the presence of a phytomitogen it stimulates thymic mitogenesis. Under conditions of low costimulator levels, no mitogenesis follows the interaction of Con A with cells. The response of adult CBA/J mouse thymocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is very low, compared to their response to Con A. When costimulator is added to PHA, the cells respond as well as they do to Con A. Costimulator does not act through Con A-binding sites on thymus cells. Its production is dependent on both cells carrying omega surface antigen (T lymphocytes) and adherent cells of the macrophage-monocyte series. The adherent population, but not the T cells, may be heavily irradiated without affecting production of costimulator. Costimulator is not a mitogen on its own.
Omniphobic “RF Paper” Produced by Silanization of Paper with Fluoroalkyltrichlorosilanes (2013)

The fabrication and properties of “fluoroalkylated paper” (“R F paper”) by vapor‐phase silanization of paper with fluoroalkyl trichlorosilanes is reported. R F paper is both hydrophobic and oleophobic: it repels water ( θ app H 2 O &gt;140°), organic liquids with surface tensions as low as 28 mN m ‐1 , aqueous solutions containing ionic and non‐ionic surfactants, and complex liquids such as blood (which contains salts, surfactants, and biological material such as cells, proteins, and lipids). The propensity of the paper to resist wetting by liquids with a wide range of surface tensions correlates with the length and degree of fluorination of the organosilane (with a few exceptions in the case of methyl trichlorosilane‐treated paper), and with the roughness of the paper. R F paper maintains the high permeability to gases and mechanical flexibility of the untreated paper, and can be folded into functional shapes (e.g., microtiter plates and liquid‐filled gas sensors). When impregnated with a perfluorinated oil, R F paper forms a “slippery” surface (paper slippery liquid‐infused porous surface, or “paper SLIPS“) capable of repelling liquids with surface tensions as low as 15 mN m ‐1 . The foldability of the paper SLIPS allows the fabrication of channels and flow switches to guide the transport of liquid droplets.
Different Forms of the Bovine PrP Gene have Five or Six Copies of a Short, G-C-rich Element within the Protein-coding Exon (1991)

Current models of the virus-like agents of scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) have to take into account that structural changes in a host-encoded protein (PrP protein) exhibit an effect on the time course of these diseases and the survival time of any man or animal exposed to these pathogens. We report here the sequence of different forms of the bovine PrP gene which contain either five or six copies of a short, G-C-rich element which encodes the octapeptide Pro-His-Gly-Gly-Gly-Trp-Gly-Gln or its longer variants Pro-Gln/His-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Trp-Gly-Gln. Out of 12 cattle, we found eight animals homozygous for genes with six copies of the Gly-rich peptide (6:6), while four were heterozygous (6:5). Two confirmed cases of BSE occurred in (6:6) homozygous animals.
C++ Programming And Fundamental Concepts (2008)

1. Introduction. 2. Non Object-Oriented Extensions to C++. 3. Overview of Data Abstraction and Object-Oriented Features. 4. Fundamental Concepts and Building Blocks. 5. Classes and Abstract Data Types. 6. Constructors and Destructors. 7. Friend Functions and Operator Overloading. 8. References. 9. Inheritance and Virtual Functions. 10. Conversions. 11. Input and Output - Io Stream Library. 12. File and In-Core I/O. 13. Manipulators. 14. Formatted Stream I/O. 15. Porting C Applications to C++. Appendices.
Delivery of Whole Tumor Lysate into Dendritic Cells for Cancer Vaccination (2008)

Results from multiple human studies have continued to spur the development of dendritic cells (DCs) as therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of cancer, chronic viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. The antigen-specific activity of DCs is dependent on the ability of the DCs to take up and process tumor-associated antigens for presentation to the immune system. Although immature DCs have been shown to naturally take up tumor-associated antigens by phagocytosis, approaches that significantly affect antigen delivery need further evaluation, especially if such methodologies can be demonstrated to result in the elicitation of more robust and comprehensive immune responses. We have developed a rapid, robust, scalable, and regulatory-compliant process for loading DCs with whole tumor lysate. The use of whole tumor lysate facilitates the generation of a more robust immune response targeting multiple unique antigenic determinants in patient's tumors and likely reduces the tumor's potential of immune escape. We demonstrate that DCs electroloaded with tumor lysate elicit significantly stronger antitumor responses both in a tumor challenge model and in a therapeutic vaccination model for preexisting metastasic disease. These effects are observed in a processing scheme that requires 20- to 40-fold lower amounts of tumor lysate when compared with the standard coincubation/coculture methods employed in loading DCs.
Direct-Product Volumetric Parameterization of Handlebodies via Harmonic Fields (2010)

Volumetric parameterization plays an important role for geometric modeling. Due to the complicated topological nature of volumes, it is much more challenging than the surface case. This work focuses on the parameterization of volumes with a boundary surface embedded in 3D space. The intuition is to decompose the volume as the direct product of a two dimensional surface and a one dimensional curve. We first partition the boundary surface into ceiling, floor and walls. Then we compute the harmonic field in the volume with a Dirichlet boundary condition. By tracing the integral curve along the gradient of the harmonic function, we can parameterize the volume to the parametric domain. The method is guaranteed to produce bijection for handle bodies with complex topology, including topological balls as a degenerate case. Furthermore, the parameterization is regular everywhere. We apply the proposed parameterization method to construct hexahedral mesh.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid or Clofibrate in the Treatment of Non–Alcohol–Induced Steatohepatitis: A Pilot Study (1996)

Non-alcohol-induced steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by elevated serum aminotransferase activities with hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and occasionally fibrosis that may progress to cirrhosis. No established treatment exists for this potentially serious disorder. Our aim was to conduct a pilot study to evaluate the safety and estimate the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and clofibrate in the treatment of NASH. Forty patients were diagnosed with NASH based on a compatible liver biopsy with other causes of liver disease, including alcohol abuse, excluded by history, serum tests, and use of ultrasound. Twenty-four patients received 13 to 15 mg/kg/d of UDCA for 12 months. Sixteen patients with hypertriglyceridemia were placed on clofibrate, 2 g/day for 12 months. Twenty-five women and 15 men entered the study. Six of 40 patients (15%) withdrew because of side effects. Four additional patients were withdrawn because of noncompliance; one of them later required liver transplantation. In the UDCA group, the decreases in mean serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) as well as histological grade of steatosis were significant. Among the patients treated with clofibrate, no change from baseline was found in mean ALT, aspartate transaminase (AST), GGT, bilirubin, triglycerides, and cholesterol, or in histological grade of steatosis, inflammation, or fibrosis after 12 months of treatment as compared with entry. Alkaline phosphatase activities decreased significantly from baseline. Despite the known lipid-lowering effects of clofibrate, it did not appear to be of clinical benefit in the treatment of NASH in this 1-year pilot study. However, treatment of NASH with UDCA for 12 months resulted in significant improvement in alkaline phosphatase, ALT, GGT, and hepatic steatosis. The possible benefit of UDCA therapy should be further investigated in the context of a randomized, controlled trial.
Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhanced Diabetic Wound Healing through Recruitment of Tissue Regeneration in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes (2011)

Mesenchymal stem cells significantly enhanced diabetic wound healing. Treatment with them is associated with increases of biomarkers in tissue regeneration.
The effect of theta-burst TMS on cognitive control networks measured with resting state fMRI (2013)

IT HAS BEEN PROPOSED THAT TWO RELATIVELY INDEPENDENT COGNITIVE CONTROL NETWORKS EXIST IN THE BRAIN: the cingulo-opercular network (CO) and the fronto-parietal network (FP). Past work has shown that chronic brain lesions affect these networks independently. It remains unclear, however, how these two networks are affected by acute brain disruptions. To examine this, we conducted a within-subject theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TBS) experiment in healthy individuals that targeted left anterior insula/frontal operculum (L aI/fO, a region in the CO network), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L dlPFC, a region in the FP network), or left primary somatosensory cortex (L S1, an experimental control region). Functional connectivity (FC) was measured in resting state fMRI scans collected before and after continuous TBS on each day. We found that TBS was accompanied by generalized increases in network connectivity, especially FP network connectivity, after TBS to either region involved in cognitive control. Whole-brain analyses demonstrated that the L dlPFC and L aI/fO showed increased connectivity with regions in frontal, parietal, and cingulate cortex after TBS to either L dlPFC or L aI/fO, but not to L S1. These results suggest that acute disruption by TBS to cognitive control regions causes widespread changes in network connectivity not limited to the targeted networks.
Online Discovery of Feature Dependencies (2011)

Online representational expansion techniques have improved the learning speed of existing reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms in low dimensional domains, yet existing online expansion methods do not scale well to high dimensional problems. We conjecture that one of the main difficulties limiting this scaling is that features defined over the full-dimensional state space often generalize poorly. Hence, we introduce incremental Feature Dependency Discovery (iFDD) as a computationally-inexpensive method for representational expansion that can be combined with any online, value-based RL method that uses binary features. Unlike other online expansion techniques, iFDD creates new features in low dimensional subspaces of the full state space where feedback errors persist. We provide convergence and computational complexity guarantees for iFDD, as well as showing empirically that iFDD scales well to high dimensional multi-agent planning domains with hundreds of millions of state-action pairs. 1.
Molecular Pathogenesis and Diagnostics of Bladder Cancer (2008)

Despite elaborate characterization of the risk factors, bladder cancer is still a major epidemiological problem whose incidence continues to rise each year. Urothelial carcinoma is now recognized as a disease of alterations in several cellular processes. The more prevalent, less aggressive, recurrent, noninvasive tumors are characterized by constitutive activation of the Ras-MAPK pathway. The less common but more aggressive invasive tumors, which have a higher mortality rate, are characterized by alterations in the p53 and retinoblastoma pathways. Several diagnostic tests have attempted to identify these molecular alterations in tumor cells exfoliated in the urine, whereas prognostic tests have tried to identify aberrations so as to predict tumor behavior and identify therapeutic targets. The future of bladder cancer patient management will rely on the use of molecular tests to reliably diagnose the presence of disease, predict individual tumor behavior, and suggest potential targeted therapeutics.
Follicular dendritic cell-dependent adhesion and proliferation of B cells in vitro (1992)

In response to an antigenic challenge, B cells proliferate in germinal centers within secondary lymphoid tissue. Specialized accessory cells, follicular dendritic cells (FDC), and T cells are necessary to drive this reaction. Indirect evidence suggests that FDC provide signals which not only induce B cell proliferation but can rescue B cells programmed to die by apoptosis. An in vitro system was developed to: 1) define the role of FDC and 2) identify molecules involved in this response. Activated, low density B cells and T cells were coisolated with FDC from immune mouse lymph nodes. Upon culturing, large cellular aggregates formed, composed of 1 to 3 FDC interdigitating between 30 to 90 B cells and 1 to 5 T cells. Many of these B cells were undergoing DNA synthesis. Depleting FDC or T cells from the cultures immediately stopped cluster formation and proliferation. Separating clustered vs nonclustered cells revealed that the FDC-associated population remained viable, whereas cells in suspension became apoptotic. The adhesion/activation molecules ICAM-1, LFA-1, and CD44 supported both cluster formation and proliferation. In addition, anti-class II and anti-kappa L chain mAb interfered dramatically with DNA synthesis. This model mimics many of the features of a germinal center and can be used to further study B cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro.
Regulation of lipid accumulation in oleaginous micro-organisms (2002)

A small number of eukaryotic micro-organisms, the oleaginous species, can accumulate triacylglycerols as cellular storage lipids, sometimes up to 70% of the biomass. Some of these lipids, particularly those containing high proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids of nutritional and dietary importance, are now in commercial production; these are known as single-cell oils. The biochemistry of lipid accumulation has been investigated in yeasts and filamentous fungi and can now be described in some detail: lipid accumulation is triggered by cells exhausting nitrogen from the culture medium, but glucose continues to be assimilated. Activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase within the mitochondrion, however, now slows or even stops due to the diminution of AMP within the cells. This leads to the accumulation of citrate, which is transported into the cytosol and cleaved to acetyl-CoA by ATP:citrate lyase, an enzyme that does not occur in non-oleaginous species. This enzyme is therefore essential for lipid accumulation. The presence of this enzyme does not, however, explain why different species of oleaginous micro-organisms have different capacities for lipid accumulation. The extent of lipid accumulation is considered to be controlled by the activity of malic enzyme (ME), which acts as the sole source of NADPH for fatty acid synthase (FAS). If ME is inhibited, or genetically disabled, then lipid accumulation is very low. There is no general pool of NADPH which can otherwise be used by FAS. The stability of ME is therefore crucial and it is proposed that ME is physically attached to FAS as part of the lipogenic metabolon. ME activity correlates closely with lipid accumulation in two filamentous fungi, Mucor circinelloides and Mortierella alpina. When ME ceases to be active, lipid accumulation also stops. No other enzyme activity shows such a correlation.
Isolation and characterization of platelet glycoprotein IV (CD36) (1989)

Platelet glycoprotein IV (GPIV, Mr 88,000), which is immunologically related to the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD36, has been isolated from both intact and trypsinized platelet membranes by a series of steps involving (i) phase partitioning in Triton X-114, (ii) ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, (iii) lectin affinity chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose, and (iv) size exclusion chromatography on Ultrogel AcA-44. The homogenous product contained 26% carbohydrate (sialic acid, Gal, Man, GalNAc, GlcNAc), of which approximately two-thirds were in alkali-labile O-glycosidic linkages. A rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against purified GPIV gave a single band on immunoblot and on immunoprecipitation from solubilized, 3H-labeled platelet membranes indicating its monospecificity. The antibody gave a strongly positive reaction with platelets on flow cytofluorimetry further confirming the surface location of GPIV. Immunoblotting and flow cytometry also identified GPIV-like molecules on the surface of U937, HEL, and C32 cells but not on HT1080 fibroblasts. Amino acid analysis showed values comparable with those deduced from the cloning data for GPIb, GPIIb, and GPIIIa. Automated Edman degradation allowed the identification of the sequence of the first 36 residues of the NH2-terminal domain. G-X-D-R-N-X-G-L-I-A-G-A-V-I-G-A-V- L-A-V-F-G-G-I-L-M-P-V-G-D-L-P-X-Q-K-F. There are no identifiable homologies between the NH2-terminal domain and other known protein sequences. Following a hydrophilic hexapeptide, there is a hydrophobic sequence of 23 amino acids (underlined) that is of the size and composition expected for a transmembrane domain. Since the NH2-terminal domain lacks tyrosine, but GPIV may be readily iodinated in intact platelets, this suggests that GPIV may have a configuration expressing other extramembranous domains.
Adeno-associated Virus as a Mammalian DNA Vector (2015)

In the nearly five decades since its accidental discovery, adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as a highly versatile vector system for both research and clinical applications. A broad range of natural serotypes, as well as an increasing number of capsid variants, has combined to produce a repertoire of vectors with different tissue tropisms, immunogenic profiles and transduction efficiencies. The story of AAV is one of continued progress and surprising discoveries in a viral system that, at first glance, is deceptively simple. This apparent simplicity has enabled the advancement of AAV into the clinic, where despite some challenges it has provided hope for patients and a promising new tool for physicians. Although a great deal of work remains to be done, both in studying the basic biology of AAV and in optimizing its clinical application, AAV vectors are currently the safest and most efficient platform for gene transfer in mammalian cells.
Solvothermal Azide Decomposition Route to GaN Nanoparticles, Nanorods, and Faceted Crystallites (2001)

We report a straightforward, nonaqueous, solvothermal method for the production of nanoscale gallium nitride structures. Nanoparticles with spherical and rodlike morphologies are produced via in situ gallium azide precursor synthesis and decomposition in superheated toluene or THF. The solution reaction between gallium chloride and sodium azide produces an insoluble azide precursor that solvothermally decomposes to GaN at temperatures below 260 °C. The resulting products are poorly crystalline but thermally stable and crystallize to hexagonal GaN upon annealing at 750 °C. Product morphologies include nanoparticles (ca. 50 nm) and nanorods (ca. 300 nm lengths). Upon annealing, the nanoparticles coalesce into larger organized crystalline structures with hexagonal facets.