gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent Neoglycoproteins:  Antibody-Aminodextran-Phycobiliprotein Conjugates (1999)

New, highly amino-substituted dextran or aminodextran (hereafter denoted Amdex) of various sizes between about 20 and 1000 kDa molecular mass and degrees of amino-substitution between 7 and 40% were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These aminodextrans together with others commercially available were shown by static light scattering, viscosity, and refractive index measurements to adopt a globular structure in aqueous salt solutions. Antibody and fluorescent protein dye, phycoerythrin, or its tandems with cyanin 5. 1 and TEXAS RED, were covalently conjugated to the aminodextrans. The conjugates contained multiple dye molecules and were shown by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy to assume either globular structure or aggregates thereof. Streptavidin could be substituted for antibody to prepare streptavidin-aminodextran-PE conjugates, which were then used with biotinylated antibody to label subpopulations of white blood cells. The conjugates yielded up to 20-fold amplification of fluorescence intensity over direct antibody-dye conjugates in labeling white blood cells for flow cytometry.
Influence of Externally Attached Transmitters on the Swimming Performance of Juvenile White Sturgeon (1999)

We measured the critical swimming speed of juvenile white sturgeons Acipenser transmontanus equipped with externally attached dummy ultrasonic transmitters and of untagged control fish in the laboratory. White sturgeons ranging from 31.9 to 37.0 cm fork length were subjected to one of three treatments: Control (handled but not tagged), tag attached below the dorsal fin, and tag attached with the anterior insertion point between the fourth and fifth dorsal scutes. Although transmitters were of recommended weight, we found that the swimming performance of tagged white sturgeons was significantly less than that of untagged control fish. Swimming performance of tagged fish was not differentially affected by tag location. Our results suggest that data from ultrasonic telemetry studies of externally tagged juvenile white sturgeons should be interpreted with caution due to the reduced swimming performance caused by external transmitters.
Theranostic profiling for actionable aberrations in advanced high risk osteosarcoma with aggressive biology reveals high molecular diversity: the human fingerprint hypothesis (2014)

The survival of patients with advanced osteosarcoma is poor with limited therapeutic options. There is an urgent need for new targeted therapies based on biomarkers. Recently, theranostic molecular profiling services for cancer patients by CLIA-certified commercial companies as well as in-house profiling in academic medical centers have expanded exponentially. We evaluated molecular profiles of patients with advanced osteosarcoma whose tumor tissue had been analyzed by one of the following methods: 1. 182-gene next-generation exome sequencing (Foundation Medicine, Boston, MA), 2. Immunohistochemistry (IHC)/PCR-based panel (CARIS Target Now, Irving, Tx), 3.Comparative genome hybridization (Oncopath, San Antonio, TX). 4. Single-gene PCR assays, <i>PTEN</i> IHC (MDACC CLIA), 5. UT Houston morphoproteomics (Houston, TX). The most common actionable aberrations occur in the <i>PI3K/PTEN/mTOR</i> pathway. No patterns in genomic alterations beyond the above are readily identifiable, and suggest both high molecular diversity in osteosarcoma and the need for more analyses to define distinct subgroups of osteosarcoma defined by genomic alterations. Based on our preliminary observations we hypothesize that the biology of aggressive and the metastatic phenotype osteosarcoma at the molecular level is similar to human fingerprints, in that no two tumors are identical. Further large scale analyses of osteosarcoma samples are warranted to test this hypothesis.
Cardiac myocyte necrosis induced by angiotensin II. (1991)

Although the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in the pathogenesis and progression of the failing heart is uncertain, previous reports have suggested that myocyte injury may be a component in this process. In this study, we investigated this possibility in more detail. Cardiotoxic effects of nonacutely hypertensive doses of Ang II were examined in 90 rats, including those receiving an angiotensin infusion (200 ng/min i.p.) and those with renovascular hypertension, where endogenous stimulation of Ang II occurred. Myocyte injury and wound healing resulting from these treatments were evaluated by 1) immunofluorescence after in vivo monoclonal antibody labeling of myosin to detect abnormal sarcolemmal permeability, 2) [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, to detect fibroblast proliferation, and 3) light microscopic evidence of myocytolysis and subsequent scar formation. We found that exogenous Ang II produced multifocal antimyosin labeling of cardiac myocytes and myocytolysis, which were maximal on days 1-2 of the infusion. Subsequently, DNA synthesis rates were increased, with fibroblast proliferation reaching peak levels on day 2 (Ang II-treated rats, 90.0 +/- 18.6 cpm/micrograms DNA; control rats, 11.4 +/- 2.3 cpm/micrograms DNA; p less than 0.05); microscopic scarring was found on day 14 and represented 0.12 +/- 0.02% of the myocardium. Concurrent treatment with both propranolol (30 mg/kg/day s.c.) and phenoxybenzamine (5 mg/kg/day i.m.) did not attenuate Ang II-induced antimyosin labeling. Increased endogenous Ang II, resulting from renal ischemia after abdominal aortic constriction, produced both antimyosin labeling and increased rates of DNA synthesis like that observed with Ang II infusion. Both myocyte injury and fibroplasia were prevented with captopril (65 mg/day p.o.), but this protective effect was not seen with reserpine pretreatment. Infrarenal aortic banding without renal ischemia, on the other hand, produced hypertension without necrosis. We conclude that pathophysiological levels of endogenous as well as low-dose exogenous Ang II were associated with altered sarcolemmal permeability and myocytolysis with subsequent fibroblast proliferation and scar formation. Myocyte injury was unrelated to the hypertensive or enhanced adrenergic effects of Ang II or to hypertension per se. Captopril was effective in preventing myocyte injury in renovascular hypertension. The mechanism(s) responsible for Ang II-induced necrosis will require further study.
Controlled Grafting of a Well-Defined Glycopolymer on a Solid Surface by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2000)

The atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique using the copper (Cu)/4,4'-di-n-heptyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dHbipy) complexes was applied to the graft polymerization of a sugar-carrying methacrylate, 3-O-methacryloyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-d-glucofuranose (MAIpGlc), on the substrate on which the monolayer of the initiator, 2-(4-chlorosulfonylphenyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, was immobilized by the Langmuir−Blodgett technique. Ellipsometric and atomic force microscopic analyses confirmed that the polymerization carried out in the presence of the (sacrificing) free initiator, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, afforded a homogeneous graft layer on the substrate. The thickness d of the graft layer in a dry state increased with reaction time and in proportion to the number-average molecular weight Mn of the (low-polydispersity) free polymers produced in the solution. This proportional relationship between d and Mn strongly suggests a controlled growth of the graft chains, as well as of the free chains, with the graft density kept constant. Grazing-angle reflection−absorption FTIR studies revealed that the isopropylidenyl groups of the poly(MAIpGlc) grafts were quantitatively converted to the hydroxyl groups by treatment with formic acid, thus producing the first solid surface densely grafted with a well-defined glucose-carrying polymer.
Stable isotopes in human nutrition: laboratory methods and research applications (2003)

<title>Abstract</title> This book provides readers a brief glimpse into the manufacturing processes of the various stable isotopic tracers as well as a basic understanding of the principles, study designs, sample requirements, sample preparation techniques, instrumentation requirements and methods of calculation for several stable isotope methods commonly used in nutrition-related research. The book is written with the intention of generating excitement among new users and serves as a basic reference guide to experienced users. This is, therefore, appropriate for graduate-level curriculum in nutrition and for those at any level who wish to obtain an understanding of these methods.
Dynamic Signaling Between Astrocytes and Neurons (2001)

Astrocytes, a sub-type of glia in the central nervous system, are dynamic signaling elements that integrate neuronal inputs, exhibit calcium excitability, and can modulate neighboring neurons. Neuronal activity can lead to neurotransmitter-evoked activation of astrocytic receptors, which mobilizes their internal calcium. Elevations in astrocytic calcium in turn trigger the release of chemical transmitters from astrocytes, which can cause sustained modulatory actions on neighboring neurons. Astrocytes, and perisynaptic Schwann cells, by virtue of their intimate association with synapses, are strategically positioned to regulate synaptic transmission. This capability, that has now been demonstrated in several studies, raises the untested possibility that astrocytes are an integral element of the circuitry for synaptic plasticity. Because the highest ratio of glia-to-neurons is found at the top of the phylogenetic tree in the human brain, these recent demonstrations of dynamic bi-directional signaling between astrocytes and neurons leave us with the question as to whether astrocytes are key regulatory elements of higher cortical functions.
Enhanced chemical reversibility of redox processes in cyanine dye rotaxanes (2001)

When a cyanine dye is encapsulated inside the cavity of α-cyclodextrin, by rotaxane formation, its one-electron oxidation and reduction become reversible, due to a thousand-fold increase in the kinetic chemical stability of the oxidised and reduced forms of the chromophore.
Proof of concept of directed OR/NOR and AND/NAND logic circuit consisting of two parallel microring resonators (2011)

We propose and demonstrate a directed OR/NOR and AND/NAND logic circuit consisting of two parallel microring resonators (MRRs). We use two electrical signals representing the two operands of the logical operation to modulate the two MRRs through the thermo-optic effect, respectively. The final operation results are represented by the output optical signals. Both OR/NOR and AND/NAND operations at 10 kbps are demonstrated.
Substrate specificity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli. (1981)

The investigation of the substrate specificity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli allows a description of the binding region of pyruvate. Substrate analogs with electronegative substitutions in the methyl group show a strong competitive inhibition of the overall reaction of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The most efficient inhibitor is fluoropyruvate which has a more than 100-fold higher affinity for the enzyme than pyruvate (Ki = 1.4 x 10(-6) M) does. The affinity of alpha-keto acids decreases with increasing chain length. Branched chain alpha-keto acids are even less effective inhibitors (Ki = approximately 0.02 M). alpha-Ketobutyrate is the only alpha-keto acid which is able to substitute for pyruvate as a substrate in the overall reaction of the enzyme complex. The Km value (3 mM) is 10-fold greater than that for pyruvate. The steady state kinetics of the overall reaction of alpha-ketobutyrate exhibits the same cooperativity (nh = 1.9) as seen with pyruvate. Small modifications of the carbonyl or the carboxyl group of pyruvate prevent binding completely. Binding of pyruvate to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex may thus require interaction with two independent electrophilic centers. The acceptance of the methyl group seems not so much due to lipophilic interactions as to a steric effect. The experiments were carried out with an enzyme which was purified by a modified procedure which is faster and more convenient than previous methods. The procedure is applicable up to 0.5 liter of crude extract.
Epidermal growth factor binding protein: identification of a different protein (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEpidermal growth factor binding protein: identification of a different proteinPaul J. Isackson, Robert E. Silverman, Michael Blaber, Alfred C. Server, Robert A. Nichols, Eric M. Shooter, and Ralph A. BradshawCite this: Biochemistry 1987, 26, 8, 2082–2085Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00382a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (514 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Molecular Approaches to Analysis of X-Linked Immunodeficiencies (1992)

Although the X-linked immunodeficiencies--X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome and X-linked hyper IgM syndrome--have been mapped to loci distributed throughout the X chromosome, they have several features in common that suggest that they might be members of a gene family: (i) all are maintained in the population at approximately the same gene frequency; (ii) expression of each defect is limited to the hematopoietic system; (iii) atypical forms of each disorder have been described; and (iv) obligate carriers of these disorders are normal by all immunologic criteria. The failure of carriers of XLA, XSCID, and WAS to show signs of their gene defects can be explained by the preferential use of the normal, nonmutant X as the active X in the cell lineages affected by the gene defects. These three disorders also share an additional feature; in boys with XLA, XSCID, or WAS there is asynchronous expression of cell surface markers of differentiation or activation. If some or all of the genes that are abnormal in the X-linked immunodeficiencies are members of a gene family, then isolation of one gene may lead to the others.
De novoInduction of a Cancer/Testis Antigen by 5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine Augments Adoptive Immunotherapy in a Murine Tumor Model (2006)

Recent studies suggest that immunotherapy targeting specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) may be beneficial in cancer patients. However, most of these TAAs are tumor type specific and heterogeneous among patients, thus limiting their applications. Here, we describe the de novo induction of a cancer/testis antigen (CTA) for immunotherapy of tumors of various histologies. The murine CTA P1A, normally expressed only in a few tumor lines, could be induced de novo in all P1A-negative cancer lines of eight histologic origins in vitro and in various murine xenografts by systemic administration of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. The induction of P1A expression correlated strongly with demethylation of the CpG island in the promoter region of this gene. The induced antigen was processed and presented properly for recognition by H-2L(d)-restricted P1A-specific CTLs. The combination of a demethylating agent and adoptive transfer of P1A-specific CTL effectively treated lung metastases in syngeneic mice challenged with P1A-negative 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells. These data show a novel strategy of combined chemoimmunotherapy of cancer targeting a CTA induced de novo in a broad range of tumor histologies, and support further evaluation of chromatin-remodeling agents for human cancer therapy.
Highly reliable BEOL-transistor with oxygen-controlled InGaZnO and Gate/Drain offset design for high/low voltage bridging I/O operations (2011)

Reliability of BEOL-transistors with a wide-gap oxide semiconductor InGaZnO (IGZO) film, integrated on LSI Cu-interconnects, is intensively discussed in terms of application to on-chip bridging I/Os between low and high voltage interactive operations (Fig. 1). Oxygen control in the thin IGZO film was found to be important to stabilize the device characteristics. A conventional IGZO tends to contain deep-level donor-states, which cause temperature and bias instabilities. The oxygen control in IGZO reduces these deep donor-states to improve operation instability. A gate/drain offset structure effectively suppresses the hot-carrier generation, resulting in a stable operation at high V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> bias condition (~20V). The oxygen-controlled IGZO and gate/drain offset structure are important for making the BEOL-transistors applicable to high/low voltage I/Os bridging.
Binding of vascular anticoagulant alpha (VAC alpha) to planar phospholipid bilayers. (1990)

Vascular anticoagulant alpha (VAC alpha, annexin V) is a member of the family of calcium and phospholipid binding proteins, the annexins. The binding properties of VAC alpha to phospholipid bilayers were studied by ellipsometry. Adsorption was calcium-dependent and completely reversible upon calcium depletion. Half-maximal adsorptions to phospholipid bilayers consisting of 100, 20, 5, and 1% dioleoyl-phosphatidylserine (DOPS) supplemented with dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) were reached at Ca2+ concentrations of 0.04, 0.22, 1.5, and 8.6 mM. These surfaces all showed the same maximal adsorption of 0.22 +/- 0.01 micrograms of VAC alpha/cm2 (mean +/- S.D.). The adsorption to bilayers containing more than 10% DOPS was independent of VAC alpha concentrations in the range of 0.5-100 nM. Dissociation constants for VAC alpha binding to these surfaces were estimated to be below 2 x 10(-10) M. No adsorption was observed on pure DOPC bilayers at a Ca2+ concentration of 3 mM. The ability to mediate VAC alpha binding to 20% DOPS/80% DOPC bilayers was highly specific for Ca2+. The use of other divalent cations resulted in decreased binding in the order Cd2+ greater than Zn2+ greater than Mn2+ greater than Co2+ greater than Ba2+ greater than Mg2+. Zinc ions had a synergistic effect on Ca2(+)-dependent VAC alpha binding. The Ca2+ concentration needed for half-maximal binding to cardiolipin, dioleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol, DOPS, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, dioleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin increased in that order. Adsorption was independent of the overall surface charge of the phospholipid membrane.
Web programming with Visual J (1997)

Jakarta is an object-oriented Internet programming language. This title aims to help the reader to develop Jakarta applications. Various applications are presented and the book addresses the what, why and how behind each one. A CD-ROM is included with the book.
Cycloaddition induced by cucurbituril. A case of Pauling principle catalysis (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCycloaddition induced by cucurbituril. A case of Pauling principle catalysisW. L. Mock, T. A. Irra, J. P. Wepsiec, and T. L. ManimaranCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 20, 3619–3620Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00168a070https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00168a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1867Altmetric-Citations227LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Switched-beam antenna array design for millimeter-wave applications (2011)

The limited coverage of wireless communication at the millimeter-wave frequency band due to large free-space path loss, i.e. large signal attenuation, has been a major problem. Furthermore, shadowing and small-scale fading may reduce the received signal even more. An array of rod antennas is designed to tackle those problems by providing high gain, broad scan range, and a shaped beam. Each patch, which couples the electromagnetic wave to the rod, is fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feedline. Each rod antenna demonstrates 18 dBi realized gain and 20° half power beamwidth (HPBW). Moreover, the 4 GHz bandwidth of the antenna provides high data rate for the gigabit wireless application. Furthermore, the Radio Frequency Microelectromechanical System (RF MEMS) switch is used to realize a switched antenna with a broad scan range. The design method and the characterization of the antenna are presented. The proposed antenna system is suitable for a wide range of applications, such as wireless high definition video/audio, USB and firewire replacement, Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar, and home/office backhaul application at millimeter-wave frequency.
Endothelial progenitor cells undergo an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition-like process mediated by TGFβRI (2010)

These results indicate that EPC may differentiate into SMC-like cells through an EnMT-like process and that TGFβI plays an important role in the fate of EPC.