gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regional, developmental, and cell cycle-dependent differences in ?, ?, and ?-opioid receptor expression among cultured mouse astrocytes (1998)

The diversity of opioid receptor expression was examined in astrocytes in low-density and non-dividing (confluent) cultures from the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and striatum of 1-day-old mice. Mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptor expression was assessed in individual cells immunocytochemically, by using flow cytometry, and functionally by examining agonist-induced changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). Significant spatial and temporal differences were evident in the pattern of expression of mu, delta, and kappa receptors among astrocytes. In low-density cultures, greater proportions of astrocytes expressed mu-opioid receptor immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (26-34%) than in the cerebellum or striatum (7-12%). At confluence, a greater percentage of astrocytes in cerebellar (26%) and striatal (30%) cultures expressed mu-immunoreactivity. Fewer astrocytes possessed delta-immunoreactivity in low-density striatal cultures (8%) compared to other regions (16-22%). The proportion of delta receptor-expressing astrocytes declined in the cerebellum but increased in the hippocampus. Kappa-opioid receptors were uniformly expressed by 27-34% of astrocytes from all regions, except in cortical cultures, where the proportion of kappa expressing cells was 38% at low-density and decreased to 22% at confluence. Selective mu (PLO 17; H-Tyr-Pro-Phe (N-Me) -D-Pro-NH2, delta ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin), or kappa (U50,488H; trans-(+/-)-3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) cyclohexyl] benzeneacetamide methanesulfonate) opioid receptor agonists increased [Ca2+]i in subpopulations of astrocytes indicating the presence of functional receptors. Lastly, opioid receptor immunofluorescence varied during the cell division cycle. A greater proportion of astrocytes in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle were mu or delta receptor immunofluorescent than at G0/G1. When astrocytes were reversibly arrested in G1, significantly fewer cells expressed delta receptor immunofluorescence; however, upon reentry into the cell cycle immunofluorescent cells reappeared. In conclusion, opioid phenotype varies considerably among individual cultured astrocytes, and this diversity was determined by regional and developmental (age and cell cycle dependent) differences in the brain. These in vitro findings suggest astroglia contribute to regional and developmental idiosyncrasies in opioid function within the brain.
Jorge Luis Borges y la nueva era del mundo: La paradoja, el laberinto y la física cuántica (2010)

?Como podriamos leer la obra de Borges? Creo que por lo menos en dos instancias: en la interrogacion sobre sus representaciones, del orden y lo real del limite y la causalidad, en el juego de sus combinaciones textuales; y en la interrogacion de su significacion del enigma y el universo de la paradoja y el laberinto.
Membranes for Periodontal Regeneration - A Materials Perspective (2015)

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting nearly 50% of adults in the United States. If left untreated, it can lead to the destruction of both soft and mineralized tissues that constitute the periodontium. Clinical management, including but not limited to flap debridement and/or curettage, as well as regenerative-based strategies with periodontal membranes associated or not with grafting materials, has been used with distinct levels of success. Unquestionably, no single implantable biomaterial can consistently guide the coordinated growth and development of multiple tissue types, especially in very large periodontal defects. With the global aging population, it is extremely important to find novel biomaterials, particularly bioactive membranes and/or scaffolds, for guided tissue (GTR) and bone regeneration (GBR) to aid in the reestablishment of the health and function of distinct periodontal tissues. This chapter offers an update on the evolution of biomaterials (i.e. membranes and bioactive scaffolds) as well as material-based strategies applied in periodontal regeneration. The authors start by providing a brief summary of the histological characteristics and functions of the periodontium and its main pathological condition, namely periodontitis. Next, a review of commercially available GTR/GBR membranes is given, followed by a critical appraisal of the most recent advances in the development of bioactive materials that enhance the chance for clinical success of periodontal tissue regeneration.
Structure and expression of the rat apolipoprotein E gene. (1986)

The rat apolipoprotein E gene was isolated from a genomic library by screening with a cDNA probe. The nucleotide sequence of the gene plus a 5' flanking region of 623 nucleotides and a 3' flanking region of 234 nucleotides was determined. The gene contained three introns, which were located in the 5' nontranslated region and in the regions coding for the signal peptide and the mature protein. A "TATA box" sequence TATAATT was found beginning at nucleotide -32. Two copies of the sequences GGGCGG or CCGCCC, potential binding sites for the transcription protein factor Sp 1, were found adjacent to the TATA box, beginning at nucleotides -52 and -72. The 5' proximal flanking region, up to about 140 nucleotides, was found to be highly conserved (82% homology) in the gene for rat and human. This region was GC-rich (68% G + C) and contained self-complementary sequences with the potential to form hairpin loop structures, suggesting a regulatory role of this region in gene transcription. Two open reading frames with promoter sequences were found, one located in the first and the other in the second intron. Expression of rat apolipoprotein E mRNA in murine L cells transfected with the cloned gene was detected at levels comparable to that in rat liver. Rat apolipoprotein E expressed in transfected cells was secreted from the cells into the medium.
VINet: Visual-Inertial Odometry as a Sequence-to-Sequence Learning Problem (2017)

In this paper we present VINet - a sequence-to-sequence learning approach to motion estimation using visual and inertial sensors. It is to the best of our knowledge the first end-to-end trainable method for monocular visual- inertial odometry. Our method has numerous advantages over traditional approaches. Specifically, it eliminates the need for tedious manual synchronization of the camera and IMU as well as eliminating the need for manual calibration between the IMU and camera. A further advantage is that our model naturally and elegantly incorporates domain specific information which significantly mitigates drift. We show that our approach is competitive with state-of-the-art traditional methods when accurate calibration data is available and can be trained to outperform them in the presence of calibration and synchronization errors.
Cloning, Disruption and Chromosomal Mapping of Yeast LEU3, a Putative Regulatory Gene (1987)

The LEU3 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is involved in the regulation of at least two LEU structural genes (LEU1 and LEU2), has been cloned by complementation of leu3 mutations and shown to reside within a 5.6-kb fragment. Transformation of leu3 mutants with LEU3-carrying multicopy plasmids restored normal, leucine-independent growth behavior in the recipients. It also restored approximately wild-type levels of isopropylmalate isomerase (LEU1) and beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (LEU2), which were strongly reduced when exogenous leucine was supplied. Strains containing a disrupted leu3 allele were constructed by deleting 0.7-kb of LEU3 DNA and inserting the yeast HIS3 gene in its place. Like other leu3 mutants, these strains were leaky leucine auxotrophs, owing to a basal level of expression of LEU1 and LEU2. Southern transfer and genetic analyses of strains carrying a disrupted leu3 allele demonstrated that the cloned gene was LEU3, as opposed to a suppressor. Disruption of LEU3 was performed also with a diploid and shown to be nonlethal by tetrad analysis. Northern transfer experiments showed that the LEU3 gene produces mRNA approximately 2.9 kilonucleotides in length. The leu3 marker was mapped to chromosome XII by the spo11 method. Linkage to ura4 by about 44 centiMorgans places leu3 on the right arm of this chromosome.
DNA containing the base analogue 2-aminoadenine: preparation, use as hybridization probes and cleavage by restriction endonucleases (1988)

The base analogue 2-aminoadenine (2,6-diaminopurine, D) has been introduced at selected positions into synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides and DNA by the combined use of chemical and enzymatic methods. 2-aminoadenine substitution for adenine introduces changes in the minor groove of DNA and creates an additional hydrogen bond in the Watson-Crick base pair with thymine. Oligonucleotide hybridization probes containing 2-aminoadenine showed increased selectivity and hybridization strength during DNA-DNA hybridization to phage or genomic target DNA. Properties of the base analogue with respect to DNA modifying enzymes were examined. 2-aminoadenine was used to probe minor groove determinants during the treatment of DNA by 12 restriction endonucleases. Inhibition of cleavage was found for several restriction enzymes.
Recognizing patterns in streams with imprecise timestamps (2010)

Large-scale event systems are becoming increasingly popular in a variety of domains. Event pattern evaluation plays a key role in monitoring applications in these domains. Existing work on pattern evaluation, however, assumes that the occurrence time of each event is known precisely and the events from various sources can be merged into a single stream with a total or partial order. We observe that in real-world applications event occurrence times are often unknown or imprecise. Therefore, we propose a temporal model that assigns a time interval to each event to represent all of its possible occurrence times and revisit pattern evaluation under this model. In particular, we propose the formal semantics of such pattern evaluation, two evaluation frameworks, and algorithms and optimizations in these frameworks. Our evaluation results using both real traces and synthetic systems show that the event-based framework always outperforms the point-based framework and with optimizations, it achieves high efficiency for a wide range of workloads tested.
Unpaid hospital bills: evidence from Florida. (1992)

Most of what we know about the population generating uncompensated care is inferred from data on the uninsured population. The use of insurance status as an indicator for potential charity patients is justifiable considering the lack of alternative information. This study directly examines uncompensated hospital care using a unique data set generated from a special survey conducted in Florida. A selection model estimated using these data explains who is likely to default on their bill and what amount will be left unpaid. The results provide a clearer picture of the uncompensated hospital care problem.
Identification of DNA-binding proteins using support vector machines and evolutionary profiles (2007)

A highly accurate method has been developed for predicting DNA-binding proteins using SVM and PSSM profiles. This is the first study in which evolutionary information in form of PSSM profiles has been used successfully for predicting DNA-binding proteins. A web-server DNAbinder has been developed for identifying DNA-binding proteins and domains from query amino acid sequences http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/dnabinder/.
Reversible Binding of Recombinant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Protein to Nucleic Acids in Virus-Like Particle Assembly In Vitro (2002)

Recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag protein can assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) in suitable buffer conditions with nucleic acid. We have explored the role of nucleic acid in this assembly process. HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein, a domain of Gag, can bind to oligodeoxynucleotides with the sequence d(TG)(n) with more salt resistance than to d(A)(n) oligonucleotides. We found that assembly of VLPs on d(TG)(n) oligonucleotides was more salt resistant than assembly on d(A)(n); thus, the oligonucleotides do not simply neutralize basic residues in Gag but provide a binding surface upon which Gag molecules assemble into VLPs. We also found that Gag molecules could be "trapped" on internal d(TG)(n) sequences within 40-base oligonucleotides, rendering them unable to take part in assembly. Thus, assembly on oligonucleotides requires that Gag proteins bind near the ends of the nucleic acid, and binding of Gag to internal d(TG)(n) sequences is apparently cooperative. Finally, we showed that nucleic acids in VLPs can exchange with nucleic acids in solution; there is a hierarchy of preferences in these exchange reactions. The results are consistent with an equilibrium model of in vitro assembly and may help to explain how Gag molecules in vivo select genomic RNA despite the presence in the cell of a vast excess of cellular mRNA molecules.
Potent CD8+ T-Cell Immunogenicity in Humans of a Novel Heterosubtypic Influenza A Vaccine, MVA-NP+M1 (2010)

We conclude that the vaccine was both safe and remarkably immunogenic, leading to frequencies of responding T cells that appear to be much higher than those induced by any other influenza vaccination approach. Further studies will be required to find the optimum dose and to assess whether the increased T-cell response to conserved influenza proteins results in protection from influenza disease.
Scattering of electrons at threading dislocations in GaN (1998)

A model to explain the observed low transverse mobility in GaN by scattering of electrons at charged dislocation lines is proposed. Filled traps along threading dislocation lines act as Coulomb scattering centers. The statistics of trap occupancy at different doping levels are investigated. The theoretical transverse mobility from Coulomb scattering at charged traps is compared to experimental data. Due to the repulsive potential around the charged dislocation lines, electron transport parallel to the dislocations is unaffected by the scattering at charged dislocation lines.
Calcium Carbimide in Alcoholism Treatment. Part 2: medical findings of a short‐term, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind clinical trial (1989)

Drug-induced toxicity in chronic alcoholics who participated in a 4-month placebo (Pl)--controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of calcium carbimide (CC) is reported. Daily monitoring of patients' compliance indicated that 85% of study medications were taken, and very little drinking took place during the study. Patients did not report more symptoms or experience more medical problems during CC administration than during placebo administration. There was no evidence of hepatotoxicity, or behavioural toxicity. Mean white blood cell count was slightly increased during CC treatment, and returned to baseline values when CC was stopped. Thyroid function was not affected by CC in patients with normal pretreatment function. However one patient with pretreatment reduced thyroid function became hypothyroid after CC administration, which indicates a need for systematic monitoring. We conclude that CC is safe for use in alcoholics with normal thyroid function, and may be the preferred alcohol-sensitizing drug in some situations.
Protein Design by Binary Patterning of Polar and Nonpolar Amino Acids (1993)

A general strategy is described for the de novo design of proteins. In this strategy the sequence locations of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues were specified explicitly, but the precise identities of the side chains were not constrained and varied extensively. This strategy was tested by constructing a large collection of synthetic genes whose protein products were designed to fold into four-helix bundle proteins. Each gene encoded a different amino acid sequence, but all sequences shared the same pattern of polar and nonpolar residues. Characterization of the expressed proteins indicated that most of the designed sequences folded into compact alpha-helical structures. Thus, a simple binary code of polar and nonpolar residues arranged in the appropriate order can drive polypeptide chains to collapse into globular alpha-helical folds.
Regulation of F-Actin Binding to Platelet Moesin In Vitro by Both Phosphorylation of Threonine 558 and Polyphosphatidylinositides (1999)

Activation of human platelets with thrombin transiently increases phosphorylation at (558)threonine of moesin as determined with phosphorylation state-specific antibodies. This specific modification is completely inhibited by the kinase inhibitor staurosporine and maximally promoted by the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A, making it possible to purify the two forms of moesin to homogeneity. Blot overlay assays with F-actin probes labeled with either [32P]ATP or 125I show that only phosphorylated moesin interacts with F-actin in total platelet lysates, in moesin antibody immunoprecipitates, and when purified. In the absence of detergents, both forms of the isolated protein are aggregated. Phosphorylated, purified moesin co-sediments with alpha- or beta/gamma-actin filaments in cationic, but not in anionic, nonionic, or amphoteric detergents. The interaction affinity is high (Kd, approximately 1.5 nM), and the maximal moesin:actin stoichiometry is 1:1. This interaction is also observed in platelets extracted with cationic but not with nonionic detergents. In 0.1% Triton X-100, F-actin interacts with phosphorylated moesin only in the presence of polyphosphatidylinositides. Thus, both polyphosphatidylinositides and phosphorylation can activate moesin's high-affinity F-actin binding site in vitro. Dual regulation by both mechanisms may be important for proper cellular control of moesin-mediated linkages between the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane.
Formal Total Synthesis of Cortistatin A and J (2014)

We have developed a silyl-triflate catalyzed intramolecular (4+3) cycloaddition using epoxy enolsilanes as precursors to the oxyallyl cation dienophile.1 The use of enantiomerically enriched epoxy enol silanes affords cycloadducts bearing multiple stereocenters and with conservation of ee, thereby efficiently providing optically enriched intermediates that could be used in total synthesis. We have used this cycloaddition as the key step to achieve the formal asymmetric synthesis of cortistatin J, a member of a family of rearranged steroids isolated from the marine sponge, Corticium simplex, which have been found to be nanomolar angiogenesis inhibitors.2 We have developed a route that efficiently intersects intermediates in the Nicolaou-Chen and the Hirama syntheses of cortistatin J.3,4
Anthrax toxins suppress T lymphocyte activation by disrupting antigen receptor signaling (2005)

Anthrax is an infection caused by pathogenic strains of Bacillus anthracis, which secretes a three-component toxic complex consisting of protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF). PA forms binary complexes with either LF or EF and mediates their entry into host cells. Although the initial phases of bacterial growth occur in the lymph node, the host fails to mount an effective immune response. Here, we show that LT and ET are potent suppressors of human T cell activation and proliferation triggered through the antigen receptor. Both LT and ET inhibit the mitogen-activated protein and stress kinase pathways, and both toxins inhibit activation of NFAT and AP-1, two transcription factors essential for cytokine gene expression. These data identify a novel strategy of immune evasion by B. anthracis, based on both effector subunits of the toxic complex, and targeted to a key cellular component of adaptive immunity.
Nasal Absorption of Dihydroergotamine from Liquid and Powder Formulations in Rabbits (1997)

Nasal drug delivery is an interesting route of administration for dihydroergotamine in migraine therapy. The currently available formulation contains dihydroergotamine at 4 mg/mL. For a nasal dose of 2 mg, a volume of 0.5 mL has to be administered, which sometimes leads to spillage of the formulation. The aim of the present study was to develop a nasal spray with a dihydroergotamine concentration of 10 mg/mL. To increase the solubility and stability of dihydroergotamine, randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin was used. Liquid formulations and lyophilized powders of dihydroergotamine and randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin were prepared. The liquid and powder formulations were compared by determining their pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability after nasal administration in rabbits. Nasal sprays were significantly more effective than drops in increasing the nasal bioavailability of dihydroergotamine, but the amount of randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin in liquid sprays did not significantly alter the nasal absorption. For powder formulations, the dihydroergotamine absorption was dependent on the amount of methylated beta-cyclodextrin and powder volume, and the nasal bioavailability from the optimal powder was slightly, but not significantly, higher than that for liquids. In conclusion, the formulations investigated are a substantial improvement of the current commercial formulation, not only because the spray volume of the liquid spray can be reduced 2.5 times, but also because of the increased stability of liquid and powder sprays with randomly methylated-beta-cyclodextrin.
The Neutralization of Interferons by Antibody. I. Quantitative and Theoretical Analyses of the Neutralization Reaction in Different Bioassay Systems (2001)

The highly specific ability of antibodies to inhibit the biologic activity of cytokines or other therapeutic proteins is widely used in research and a subject of increasing clinical importance. The need exists for a standardized approach to the reporting of neutralizing antibody potency soundly based on theoretical and practical considerations and tested by experimental data. Pursuant to the original studies of Kawade on the theoretical and functional aspects of neutralization of interferons (IFN), experimental data were obtained by different laboratories employing varied methodology to address two hypotheses concerning the nature of IFN neutralization reactions, based on a derived formula that allows expression of neutralizing power as the reduction of 10 laboratory units (LU)/ml to 1 LU/ml, the end point of most bioassays. Two hypotheses are posed: (1) antibody acts to neutralize a fixed amount of biologically active IFN molecules, or (2) antibody reduces IFN activity in a set ratio of added/residual biologically active IFN. The first, or fixed amount, hypothesis relates to the reactivity of high-affinity antibodies neutralizing equimolar amounts of antigen, whereas the second, or constant proportion, hypothesis postulates a reduction in the ratio of total added IFN to residual active IFN molecules, such as a low-affinity antibody might exhibit. Analyses of data of the neutralization of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta are presented, employing human polyclonal antibodies and murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb). The theoretical constructs of Kawade are extended in the Appendix and correlated with new experimental data in the text. The data clearly indicate that the low-antibody affinity, constant proportion hypothesis, rather than the high-antibody affinity, fixed amount hypothesis, is applicable, if the bioassay is sensitive to IFN. The findings presented here and in the following paper (pp. 743-755, this issue) taken together provide the basis for a standardized method of expression of neutralizing potency and substantiate the earlier operational 10/1 LU/ml approach recommended by the World Health Organization. The accompanying paper relates neutralization results to the sensitivity of the bioassay to IFN and describes the rationale for a recommended unit of antibody neutralization.
A Trial of the Beta-Blocker Bucindolol in Patients with Advanced Chronic Heart Failure (2001)

In a demographically diverse group of patients with NYHA class III and IV heart failure, bucindolol resulted in no significant overall survival benefit.