gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrin-dependent Functions of the Angiogenic Inducer NOV (CCN3) (2004)

The novel angiogenic inducer CCN3 (NOV, nephroblastoma overexpressed) is a matricellular protein of the CCN family, which also includes CCN1 (CYR61), CCN2 (CTGF), CCN4 (WISP-1), CCN5 (WISP-2), and CCN6 (WISP-3). CCN3 is broadly expressed in derivatives of all three germ layers during mammalian development, and its deranged expression is associated with vascular injury and a broad range of tumors. We have shown that CCN3 promotes proangiogenic activities in vascular endothelial cells through integrin receptors and induces neovascularization in vivo (Lin, C. G., Leu, S. J., Chen, N., Tebeau, C. M., Lin, S. X., Yeung, C. Y., and Lau, L. F. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 24200-24208). In this study, we show that CCN3 is highly expressed in granulation tissue of cutaneous wounds 5-7 days after injury and is capable of inducing responses in primary fibroblasts consistent with wound healing. Purified CCN3 supports primary skin fibroblast adhesion through integrins alpha(5)beta(1) and alpha(6)beta(1) and induces fibroblast chemotaxis through integrin alpha(v)beta(5). We show that CCN3 is a novel ligand of alpha(v)beta(5) in a solid phase binding assay. Although not mitogenic on its own, CCN3 also enhances basic fibroblast growth factor-induced DNA synthesis. Furthermore, CCN3 up-regulates MMP-1 and PAI-1 expression but interacts with TGF-beta1 in an antagonistic or synergistic manner to regulate the expression of specific genes. These findings, together with its angiogenic activity, support a role for CCN3 in cutaneous wound healing in skin fibroblasts and establish its matricellular mode of action through integrin receptors.
Improved CS-CELP speech coding in a noisy environment using a trained sparse conjugate codebook (2002)

A high-quality 8-kbit/s speech coder based on conjugate structure CELP (CS-CELP) is proposed that uses a trained sparse conjugate codebook. The trained sparse conjugate codebook improves speech quality for noisy speech. This codebook consists of two sub-codebooks and each sub-codebook consists of a random component and a trained component. Each component has excitation vectors consisting of a few pulses. In the random component, pulse position and amplitude are determined randomly. The trained component is determined by training. Subjective tests (differential mean opinion score, DMOS and mean opinion score, MOS) indicated that this codebook improves speech quality compared with the conventional trained codebook for noisy speech. The MOS showed that the quality of improved CS-CELP is equivalent to that of the 32-kbit/s ADPCM for clean speech.
Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor immunotherapy (2012)

Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) is critical in monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated cancer therapy. We recently showed that a tumor-specific mAb in combination with cyclophosphamide inhibited tumor cell growth and induced ADCC-synapses between tumor and effector cells in vivo, opening perspectives to enhance anti-tumor responses by manipulating the immune system.
Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) (1996)

MODY is a sub‐type of NIDDM. It is characterized by an early age of onset and autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. These features, and the availability of large multigenerational pedigrees, make MODY useful for genetic studies of diabetes. In the large 5‐generational RW pedigree, MODY is tightly linked to genetic markers on chromosome 20q. Affected subjects in this family show abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism, varying from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to severe diabetes. Approximately 30 % of diabetic subjects become insulin‐requiring, and vascular complications occur. MODY is also linked to the glucokinase gene on chromosome 7p and many different mutations associated with MODY have been identified in this gene. MODY, due to mutations in the glucokinase gene, is a relatively mild form of diabetes with mild fasting hyperglycaemia and IGT in the majority. Clinical investigative studies indicate that the genetic or primary defect in MODY is characterized by deranged and deficient insulin secretion and not by insulin resistance. There are quantitative and qualitative differences in insulin secretory defects which differentiate subjects with MODY due to mutation in the gene on chromosome 20q from those with glucokinase mutations. These differences correlate with the severity of diabetes between these two genetic forms of MODY.
Motility Powered by Supramolecular Springs and Ratchets (2000)

Not all biological movements are caused by molecular motors sliding along filaments or tubules. Just as springs and ratchets can store or release energy and rectify motion in physical systems, their analogs can perform similar functions in biological systems. The energy of biological springs is derived from hydrolysis of a nucleotide or the binding of a ligand, whereas biological ratchets are powered by Brownian movements of polymerizing filaments. However, the viscous and fluctuating cellular environment and the mechanochemistry of soft biological systems constrain the modes of motion generated and the mechanisms for energy storage, control, and release.
Infective Virus Substructure from Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (1967)

Treatment of suspensions of vesicular stomatitis virus with Tween-ether results in a rapid and considerable loss of infectivity (ca. 4 logs in 2 min), but the residual infectivity is comparatively stable to further treatment with ether. The infectivity remaining after the short exposure to Tween-ether is not due to virus for the following reasons. (i) It is much less infective for tissue cultures than for mice, whereas the intact virion is equally infective for both hosts. (ii) The residual infectivity is much less stable than virus infectivity in both sucrose and tartrate gradients. (iii) Virus immune serum does not neutralize its activity. (iv) The infectivity is associated with material which sediments further in sucrose gradients and has a greater buoyant density in tartrate gradients than the virion. Experiments with (32)P-labeled virion showed that the infective substructure contains ribonucleic acid with the same sedimentation characteristics as that extracted from the virion. Electron microscopy shows that the infective component has the same overall bullet-like structure as the virion but lacks the outer envelope and fringe structure.
Extending Networking into the Virtualization Layer. (2009)

The move to virtualization has created a new network access layer residing on hosts that connects the various VMs. Virtualized deployment environments impose requirements on networking for which traditional models are not well suited. They also provide advantages to the networking layer (such as software flexibility and welldefined end host events) that are not present in physical networks. To date, this new virtualization network layer has been largely built around standard Ethernet switching, but this technology neither satisfies these new requirements nor leverages the available advantages. We present Open vSwitch, a network switch specifically built for virtual environments. Open vSwitch differs from traditional approaches in that it exports an external interface for fine-grained control of configuration state and forwarding behavior. We describe how Open vSwitch can be used to tackle problems such as isolation in joint-tenant environments, mobility across subnets, and distributing configuration and visibility across hosts.
TSV redundancy: Architecture and design issues in 3D IC (2010)

3D technology provides many benefits including high density, high band-with, low-power, and small form-factor. Through Silicon Via (TSV), which provides communication links for dies in vertical direction, is a critical design issue in 3D integration. Just like other components, the fabrication and bonding of TSVs can fail. A failed TSV may cause a number of known-good-dies that are stacked together to be discarded. This can severely increase the cost and decrease the yield as the number of dies to be stacked increases. A redundant TSV architecture with reasonable cost for ASICs is proposed in this paper. Design issues including recovery rate and timing problem are addressed. Based on probabilistic models, some interesting findings are reported. First, the probability that three or more TSVs are failed in a tier is less than 0.002%. Assumption of that there are at most two failed TSVs in a tier is sufficient to cover 99.998% of all possible faulty free and faulty cases. Next, with one redundant TSV allocated to one TSV block, limiting the number of TSVs in each TSV block to be no greater than 50 and 25 leads to 90% and 95% recovery rates when 2 failed TSVs are assumed. Finally, analysis on overall yield shows that the proposed design can successfully recover most of the failed chips and increase the yield of TSV bonding to 99.99%. This can effectively reduce the cost of manufacturing 3D ICs.
The protease‐activated receptor 1 possesses a functional and cleavable signal peptide which is necessary for receptor expression (2012)

The protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is activated by thrombin cleavage releasing the physiologically-relevant parstatin peptide (residues 1-41). However, the actual length of parstatin was unclear since the receptor may also possess a cleavable signal peptide (residues 1-21) according to prediction programs. Here, we show that this putative signal peptide is indeed functional and removed from the PAR1 resolving the question of parstatin length. Moreover, we show that the sequence encoding the signal peptide may surprisingly play a role in stabilization of the PAR1 mRNA, a function which would be novel for a G protein-coupled receptor.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Melanin-Concentrating Hormone (MCH) and Hypocretin-1 (HCRT-1, Orexin-A) in Alzheimer’s Disease (2013)

Ancillary to decline in cognitive abilities, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) frequently suffer from behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Hypothalamic polypeptides such as melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and hypocretin-1 (HCRT-1, orexin-A) are promoters of sleep-wake regulation and energy homeostasis and are found to impact on cognitive performance. To investigate the role of MCH and HCRT-1 in AD, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels were measured in 33 patients with AD and 33 healthy subjects (HS) using a fluorescence immunoassay (FIA). A significant main effect of diagnosis (F(1,62) = 8.490, p<0.01) on MCH levels was found between AD (93.76±13.47 pg/mL) and HS (84.65±11.40 pg/mL). MCH correlated with T-tau (r = 0.47; p<0.01) and P-tau (r = 0.404; p<0.05) in the AD but not in the HS. CSF-MCH correlated negatively with MMSE scores in the AD (r = -0.362, p<0.05) and was increased in more severely affected patients (MMSE≤20) compared to HS (p<0.001) and BPSD-positive patients compared to HS (p<0.05). In CSF-HCRT-1, a significant main effect of sex (F(1,31) = 4.400, p<0.05) with elevated levels in females (90.93±17.37 pg/mL vs. 82.73±15.39 pg/mL) was found whereas diagnosis and the sex*diagnosis interaction were not significant. Elevated levels of MCH in patients suffering from AD and correlation with Tau and severity of cognitive impairment point towards an impact of MCH in AD. Gender differences of CSF-HCRT-1 controversially portend a previously reported gender dependence of HCRT-1-regulation. Histochemical and actigraphic explorations are warranted to further elucidate alterations of hypothalamic transmitter regulation in AD.
Divergent HIV-1-Directed Immune Responses Generated by Systemic and Mucosal Immunization with Replicating Single-Cycle Adenoviruses in Rhesus Macaques (2019)

Most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections begin at mucosal surfaces. Providing a barrier of protection at these may assist in combating the earliest events in infection. Systemic immunization by intramuscular (i.m.) injection can drive mucosal immune responses, but there are data suggesting that mucosal immunization can better educate these mucosal immune responses. To test this, rhesus macaques were immunized with replicating single-cycle adenovirus (SC-Ad) vaccines expressing clade B HIV-1 gp160 by the intranasal (i.n.) and i.m. routes to compare mucosal and systemic routes of vaccination. SC-Ad vaccines generated significant circulating antibody titers against Env after a single i.m. immunization. Switching the route of second immunization with the same SC-Ad serotype allowed a significant boost in these antibody levels. When these animals were boosted with envelope protein, envelope-binding antibodies were amplified 100-fold, but qualitatively different immune responses were generated. Animals immunized by only the i.m. route had high peripheral T follicular helper (pTfh) cell counts in blood but low Tfh cell counts in lymph nodes. Conversely, animals immunized by the i.n. route had high Tfh cell counts in lymph nodes but low pTfh cell counts in the blood. Animals immunized by only the i.m. route had lower antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) antibody activity, whereas animals immunized by the mucosal i.n. route had higher ADCC antibody activity. When these Env-immunized animals were challenged rectally with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) strain SF162P3 (SHIV<sub>SF162P3</sub>), they all became infected. However, mucosally SC-Ad-immunized animals had lower viral loads in their gastrointestinal tracts. These data suggest that there may be benefits in educating the immune system at mucosal sites during HIV vaccination.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> HIV-1 infections usually start at a mucosal surface after sexual contact. Creating a barrier of protection at these mucosal sites may be a good strategy for to protect against HIV-1 infections. While HIV-1 enters at mucosa, most vaccines are not delivered here. Most are instead injected into the muscle, a site well distant and functionally different than mucosal tissues. This study tested if delivering HIV vaccines at mucosa or in the muscle makes a difference in the quality, quantity, and location of immune responses against the virus. These data suggest that there are indeed advantages to educating the immune system at mucosal sites with an HIV-1 vaccine.
Si/Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ heterojunction bipolar transistors produced by limited reaction processing (1989)

Si/Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ heterojunction transistors (HBTs) fabricated by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique are reported. A rapid thermal CVD limited-reaction processing (LRP) technique was used for the in situ growth of all three device layers, including a 20-mm Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ layer in the base. The highest current gains observed ( beta =400) were for a Si/Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ HBT with a base doping of 7*10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/ near the junction and a shallow arsenic implant to form ohmic contacts and increase current gain. Ideal base currents were observed for over six decades of current and the collector current remained ideal for nearly nine current decades starting at 1 pA. The bandgap difference between a p-type Si layer doped to 5*10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/ and the Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/(x=0.31) base measured 0.27 eV. This value was deduced from the measurements of the temperature dependence of the base current and is in good agreement with published calculations for strained Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ layers on Si.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Unloading arterial baroreceptors causes neurogenic hypertension (2002)

We developed a new model to examine the role of arterial baroreceptors in the long-term control of mean arterial pressure (MAP) in dogs. Baroreceptors in the aortic arch and one carotid sinus were denervated, and catheters were implanted in the descending aorta and common carotid arteries. MAP and carotid sinus pressure (CSP) averaged 104 +/- 2 and 102 +/- 2 mmHg (means +/- 1 SE), respectively, during a 5-day control period. Baroreceptor unloading was induced by ligation of the common carotid artery proximal to the innervated sinus (n = 6 dogs). MAP and CSP averaged 127 +/- 7 and 100 +/- 3 mmHg, respectively, during the 7-day period of baroreceptor unloading. MAP was significantly elevated (P < 0.01) compared to control, but CSP was unchanged. Heart rate and plasma renin activity increased significantly in response to baroreceptor unloading. Removal of the ligature to restore normal flow through the carotid resulted in normalization of all variables. Ligation of the carotid below a denervated sinus (n = 4) caused a significant decrease in CSP but no systemic hypertension. These results indicate that chronic unloading of carotid baroreceptors can produce neurogenic hypertension and provide strong evidence that arterial baroreceptors are involved in the long-term control of blood pressure.
Proteomics for the diagnosis of thyroid lesions: preliminary report (2014)

Our results confirmed the possible role of MALDI-IMS in the search for diagnostic targets of PTC and follicular lesions, which could be applied in larger trials aimed at the identification of proteins, convertible to cost-effective diagnostic tools such as immunohistochemistry. These tests could be used to analyse in vivo cytological smears, improving the preoperative diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid nodules.
One‐Dimensional Nanostructures: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications (2003)

Abstract This article provides a comprehensive review of current research activities that concentrate on one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures—wires, rods, belts, and tubes—whose lateral dimensions fall anywhere in the range of 1 to 100 nm. We devote the most attention to 1D nanostructures that have been synthesized in relatively copious quantities using chemical methods. We begin this article with an overview of synthetic strategies that have been exploited to achieve 1D growth. We then elaborate on these approaches in the following four sections: i) anisotropic growth dictated by the crystallographic structure of a solid material; ii) anisotropic growth confined and directed by various templates; iii) anisotropic growth kinetically controlled by supersaturation or through the use of an appropriate capping reagent; and iv) new concepts not yet fully demonstrated, but with long‐term potential in generating 1D nanostructures. Following is a discussion of techniques for generating various types of important heterostructured nanowires. By the end of this article, we highlight a range of unique properties (e.g., thermal, mechanical, electronic, optoelectronic, optical, nonlinear optical, and field emission) associated with different types of 1D nanostructures. We also briefly discuss a number of methods potentially useful for assembling 1D nanostructures into functional devices based on crossbar junctions, and complex architectures such as 2D and 3D periodic lattices. We conclude this review with personal perspectives on the directions towards which future research on this new class of nanostructured materials might be directed.
Polyether polyol‐based rigid polyurethane foams reinforced with soy protein fillers (2017)

In this work, soy protein/polyurethane (PU) composite foams were synthesized with polyether polyol and polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate as the starting materials, soy protein isolate as the reactive fillers, and water as the blowing agent. The structure and properties of the resulting composite foams were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscope, close cell ratio, density, mechanical properties, and so on. Strong hydrogen bonding interactions as well as chemical crosslinking occurred between the soy protein filler and PU matrix. The composite foams have more cell density, in the meantime, the average cell size decreased. The close cell ratio and foam density increased with the increase of soy protein. In addition, the compressive strength and thermal stability were enhanced, mainly ascribing to the reinforcing effect as well as the crosslinking effect of reactive soy protein fillers. Therefore, the resulting composite foams would possess improved properties compared with neat PU foam and their applications could be highly enlarged. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:E105–E111, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Polysilicon thin film transistors fabricated at 100°C on a flexible plastic substrate (2002)

We present detailed device results from polysilicon TFT's fabricated at a maximum processing temperature of /spl les/100/spl deg/C on flexible plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. These substrates are low cost, flexible, rugged, and optically transparent which makes them suitable for transmissive AMLCD applications. Our TFT process uses 4 mask levels to define a self-aligned aluminum top-gate structure. Adding pixel capacitors requires two more mask levels. We use a /spl lambda/=308 nm XeCl excimer laser to both crystallize the as-deposited PECVD a-Si:H and to heavily dope the source-drain regions. An in situ IR laser probe allows monitoring and controlling of the Si melt depth. By varying the laser processing parameters of energy fluence and number of pulses at each location, we have succeeded in fabricating TFT's with I/sub on/I/sub off/ ratios of >10/sup 6/ and electron mobilities >5 cm/sup 2//V-s without substrate damage.
A Designed Peptide Ligase for Total Synthesis of Ribonuclease A with Unnatural Catalytic Residues (1994)

An engineered variant of subtilisin BPN', termed subtiligase, which efficiently ligates esterified peptides in aqueous solution, was used for the complete synthesis of ribonuclease (RNase) A that contains unnatural catalytic residues. Fully active RNase A (124 residues long) was produced in milligram quantities by stepwise ligation of six esterified peptide fragments (each 12 to 30 residues long) at yields averaging 70 percent per ligation. Variants of RNase A were produced in which the catalytic histidines at positions 12 and 119 were substituted with the unnatural amino acid 4-fluorohistidine, which has a p K a of 3.5 compared to 6.8 for histidine. Large changes in the profile of the pH as it affects rate occurred for the single and double mutants with surprisingly little change in the k cat for either the RNA cleavage or hydrolysis steps. The data indicate that these imidazoles function as general acids and bases, but that the proton transfer steps are not rate-limiting when the imidazoles are present in their correct protonation states. These studies indicate the potential of subtiligase for the blockwise synthesis of large proteins.
Hypnosis First, Then Dissociation (2003)

To the Editor: Kudos to Kudoh et al. (1) on their recent publication on small-dose ketamine. I respectfully submit two concerns. First, they cited Dundee and Wyant (2) to substantiate their statement that “ketamine produces posthypnotic emergence reactions, such as hallucinations or delirium after surgery” but fail to document the presence or absence of either of these phenomenon in their patients in either the Results or the Discussion. Second, they describe the induction as 1 mg/kg ketamine and 1.5 mg/kg propofol without specifying either the subjective endpoints of hypnosis from the visual analog scale, VAS (3), the observer’s assessment of alertness/sedation, OAA/S (4) or the possibly more objective bispectral index (BIS) monitor (5). Blocking hallucinations from ketamine (6) in my pre-BIS experience involves titrating the propofol to a loss of lid reflex (LLR) and loss of verbal response (LVR) and in the BIS monitored era, titrating to 70–75 before administering the ketamine. My specific concern is if the brain level of propofol is inadequate to shield the brain from Kudoh et al.’s 1 mg/kg dose of ketamine, patients may experience hallucinations or emergence delirium needlessly. Barry L. Friedberg, MD