gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PLANNING AND PRECONDEMNATION ACTIVITIES AS CONSTITUTING A TAKING UNDER INVERSE LAW (1988)

The and preparation for the construction of new highways is a lengthy process involving a host of preliminary long-term studies, and the subsequent adherence to a schedule of events, the majority of which are mandated by law, that must be complied with in sequential order over a considerable period of time before title to land for right-of-way is acquired in an eminent domain action. This chain of events, commonly known as planning and precondemnation activities, has an inevitable impact on property values. Lands lying in the corridor route may undergo appreciation in value as a result of the project, or suffer a decline in value by reason thereof. This paper is concerned with the latter, and considers the question of what remedy, if any, the property owner has to recover for damage to property prior to the time suit is instituted and land actually proceeded against and taken in condemnation.
Lanthanoids in organic synthesis. 5. Selective reductions of ketones in the presence of aldehydes (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLanthanoids in organic synthesis. 5. Selective reductions of ketones in the presence of aldehydesJean Louis Luche and Andre Luis GemalCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 19, 5848–5849Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00513a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00513a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2075Altmetric-Citations202LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fibrin-based biomaterials to deliver human growth factors (2003)

Fibrin-based biomaterial preparations can be used as provisional growth matrices for cells important in tissue repair during wound healing in vivo. Their efficacy can be enhanced by including bioactive agents that promote specific cellular responses. This study examined the controlled delivery of the angiogenic growth factors bFGF, VEGF(165), and VEGF(121) using biomatrix preparations prepared from Fibrin Sealant product components. The growth factors were added prior to formation of the Fibrin Sealant clots, and the release kinetics of the proteins from the clots measured. The results indicated that the proteins were released from the clots more slowly in the order bFGF << VEGF(165) < VEGF(121). The biologic activity of the growth factors delivered from Fibrin Sealant clots was established by assaying growth stimulation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) and angiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model of neovascularization. In the latter assay, clots containing bFGF, VEGF(165), or VEGF(121) all displayed angiogenic activity. However, delivery of either bFGF, VEGF(165), or VEGF(121) alone resulted in a significant percentage of clots becoming filled with blood, indicating that the newly developing vessels invading the clots were leaky and immature. In contrast, this hemorrhaging behavior did not occur with delivery of combinations, e.g., (VEGF(165) + VEGF(121)) or (VEGF(165) + bFGF), indicating that the vessels were more mature than those produced in response to single growth factors. Thus, delivering a combination of growth factors constituted an improvement over the delivery of individual growth factors for enhancing neovascularization.
Noncariogenic intense natural sweeteners (1998)

There is a definite relationship between the dietary consumption of sucrose and the incidence of dental caries. Noncaloric sucrose substitutes for use in the sweetening of foods, beverages, and medicines may be either synthetic compounds or natural products. In the United States, four potently sweet artificial sweeteners are approved, namely, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, and sucralose. Highly sweet plant constituents are used in Japan and some other countries, including the diterpene glycoside stevioside and the protein thaumatin. Recent progress in a research project oriented towards the discovery and evaluation of novel potentially noncariogenic sweeteners from plants has focused on substances in the sesquiterpenoid, diterpenoid, triterpenoid, steroidal saponin, and proanthocyanidin structural classes. The feasibility of using Mongolian gerbil electrophysiological and behavioral assays to monitor the sweetness of plant extracts, chromatographic fractions, and pure isolates has been investigated. An in vivo cariogenicity study on the commercially available natural sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A has been carried out.
Effect of quercetin and genistein on copper‐ and iron‐induced lipid peroxidation in methyl linolenate (2003)

The single and combined effects of two abundant flavonoids, namely quercetin and genistein, were investigated according to their ability to inhibit the oxidation of methyl linolenate via Fenton's pathway. Antioxidative activity was determined by oxidizing methyl linolenate suspended in a buffer solution with either Fe2+ (50 microM) or Cu2+ (50 microM) and hydrogen peroxide (0.01 mM) without or with a flavonoid sample (10 or 20 microM). Lipid peroxidation products were measured by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay and the amounts of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were calculated from a calibration curve using 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane as the standard. Both quercetin and genistein at the 10 or 20 microM level decreased lipid peroxidation significantly compared with their respective controls. Of the two flavonoids tested, quercetin had a more marked effect on inhibiting lipid peroxides. Peroxidation products for the control samples were higher for the Fe2+-treated samples compared with the Cu2+ samples. Combination of both flavonoids at the same dose levels continued to decrease lipid peroxidation, the effect being the same for both metal ions. The data suggest that the combined flavonoids offered better protection than the single treatments and this may be attributed to the better radical scavenging or increased chelating capabilities of the combined over the single treatments. The differences in peroxide levels for the single treatment of quercetin compared with the genistein-treated samples may reflect the structural differences between these compounds in combating oxidative stress.
Conformational implications of asparagine-linked glycosylation. (1995)

The effects of cotranslational protein modification on the process of protein folding are poorly understood. Time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer has been used to assess the impact of glycosylation on the conformational dynamics of flexible oligopeptides. The peptide sequences examined are selected from glycoproteins of known three-dimensional structure. The energy transfer modulation associated with N-linked glycosylation is consistent with the glycopeptides sampling different conformational profiles in water. Results show that glycosylation causes the modified peptides to adopt a different ensemble of conformations, and for some peptides this change may lead to conformations that are more compact and better approximate the conformation of these peptides in the final folded protein. This result further implies that cotranslational glycosylation can trigger the timely formation of structural nucleation elements and thus assist in the complex process of protein folding.
T Cells Enhance Stem-Like Properties and Conditional Malignancy in Gliomas (2010)

T cell activity represents an inducible physiological process capable of proportionally enriching GSCs in human and mouse gliomas. Stem-like gliomas enriched by strong T cell activity, however, may differ from other GSCs in that their stem-like properties may be disassociated from increased tumor malignancy and heterogeneity under specific host immune conditions.
On Joint Modelling and Testing for Local and Global Spatial Externalities (2006)

This paper concerns the joint modeling, estimation and testing for local and global spatial externalities. Spatial externalities have become in recent years a standard notion of economic research activities in relation to social interactions, spatial spillovers and dependence, etc., and have received an increasing attention by econometricians and applied researchers. While conceptually the principle un-derlying the spatial dependence is straightforward, the precise way in which this dependence should be included in a regression model is complex. Following the taxonomy of Anselin (2003, International Regional Science Review 26, 153-166), a general model is proposed, which takes into account jointly local and global ex-ternalities in both modelled and unmodelled effects. The proposed model encom-passes all the models discussed in Anselin (2003). Robust methods of estimation and testing are developed based on Gaussian quasi-likelihood. Large and small sample properties of the proposed methods are investigated.
Translational Control by Influenza Virus (1995)

We have shown that sequences contained within the viral mRNA 5'-untranslated region (UTR) played a critical role in directing selective influenza viral mRNA translation. We therefore attempted to identify transacting factors that may regulate viral mRNA translation through interactions with the 5'-UTR and at the same time map the precise sequences to which these factors bind. We can now demonstrate that multiple cellular proteins interact with influenza viral but not cellular 5'-UTRs using gel mobility shift and UV cross-linking analyses. Gel supershift studies revealed that the La autoantigen was one of the cellular proteins that interacted with the viral 5'-UTR. Utilizing mutants of the viral mRNA 5' UTR, we have determined that sequences within the very 5'-conserved region and nucleotides immediately 3' are necessary but not always sufficient for binding certain cellular proteins. Northwestern analysis showed the binding of a distinct subset of cellular proteins to the viral 5'-UTR, but also demonstrated interactions of the viral nonstructural protein NS1. Gel shift analysis with purified recombinant NS1 confirmed the binding of the viral protein to a specific region of the viral 5'-UTRs. A model describing the possible role of these cellular and viral RNA-binding proteins in regulating influenza virus mRNA translation will be discussed.
Nonlinear Optimization of a Racing Line for an Autonomous Racecar Using Professional Driving Techniques (2012)

For racecar drivers, careful consideration is used when defining a racing line for a given track. Each driver ultimately seeks to minimize the track time by compromising between the shortest distance around a track and a line that results in the fastest speed along the path. Professional racing strategies could be used to create trajectories for obstacle avoidance in autonomous vehicles if there was a way to analytically represent their techniques.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Phage Display Selection, Analysis, and Prediction of B Cell Epitopes (2009)

Combinatorial phage display libraries of random peptides can be used to discover the epitopes of antibodies through a procedure termed "biopanning." The affinity isolation of phage-displayed epitope peptidomimetics allows molecular definition of the epitopes of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Panels of MAb-specific peptides allow computational prediction of B cell epitopes. Epitope profiles recognized by polyclonal serum samples can also be generated. Detailed step by step protocols and discussion of applications are provided.
Reverse Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion (2003)

Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization was successfully carried out in a miniemulsion system at 70 °C with a doubled solid content (≥20%) and 1/6 amount of nonionic surfactant, Brij 98 (2.3 wt % based on monomer, or 0.58 wt % based on the aqueous phase), compared to the previously reported system. Hexasubstituted TREN/CuBr2 and 2,2‘-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (VA-044) were employed as a highly active radical deactivator and a water-soluble initiator, respectively. Controlled polymerizations were demonstrated by attaining linear correlations between molecular weights and monomer conversion, and relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (<1.5). The resulting latexes showed good colloidal stability with an average particle size around 200−250 nm. Monomer droplet nucleation was proved to be the predominant nucleation mechanism in the system. The polymerization kinetics was governed mainly by the atom transfer equilibrium. Other parameters, such as ligand, surfactant, initiator, temperature, and deactivator (CuII) were investigated from both the polymerization kinetics and the colloidal stability points of view. The livingness and the end-functionality of the resulting polymers were demonstrated by the further chain extension study.
Self-Powered Electrostatic Adsorption Face Mask Based on a Triboelectric Nanogenerator (2018)

The physical filtration mechanism of a traditional face mask has a low removal efficiency of ultrafine particulates in the size range of 10-1000 nm, which are badly harmful to human health. Herein, a novel self-powered electrostatic adsorption face mask (SEA-FM) based on the poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun nanofiber film (PVDF-ESNF) and a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) driven by respiration (R-TENG) is developed. The ultrafine particulates are electrostatically adsorbed by the PVDF-ESNF, and the R-TENG can continually provide electrostatic charges in this adsorption process by respiration. On the basis of the R-TENG, the SEA-FM shows that the removal efficiency of coarse and fine particulates is higher than 99.2 wt % and the removal efficiency of ultrafine particulates is still as high as 86.9 wt % after continually wearing for 240 min and a 30-day interval. This work has proposed as a new method of wearable air filtration and may have great prospects in human health, self-powered electronics, and wearable devices.
Mechanisms of evasive resistance to anti-VEGF therapy in glioblastoma (2012)

Angiogenesis inhibitors targeting the VEGF signaling pathway have been US FDA approved for various cancers including glioblastoma (GBM), one of the most lethal and angiogenic tumors. This has led to the routine use of the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab in recurrent GBM, conveying substantial improvements in radiographic response, progression-free survival and quality of life. Despite these encouraging beneficial effects, patients inevitably develop resistance and frequently fail to demonstrate significantly better overall survival. Unlike chemotherapies, to which tumors exhibit resistance due to genetic mutation of drug targets, emerging evidence suggests that tumors bypass antiangiogenic therapy while VEGF signaling remains inhibited through a variety of mechanisms that are just beginning to be recognized. Because of the indirect nature of resistance to VEGF inhibitors there is promise that strategies combining angiogenesis inhibitors with drugs targeting such evasive resistance pathways will lead to more durable antiangiogenic efficacy and improved patient outcomes. Further identifying and understanding of evasive resistance mechanisms and their clinical importance in GBM relapse is therefore a timely and critical issue.
Alignment layer-free molecular ordering induced by masked photopolymerization with non-polarized light (2016)

Abstract Controlled and uniform molecular alignment can provide and enhance functionality in polymer films. We first report that masked photopolymerization with non-polarized light enables direct and precise control of molecular alignment without using a conventional molecular alignment layer. The photopolymerization of a mixture composed of an optically anisotropic acrylate monomer and an isotropic dimethacrylate crosslinker induces either unidirectional or complex molecular alignment, depending upon the shape of the photomask. Such molecular alignments are successfully achieved by shear stress arising from molecular diffusion, even when the photopolymerization is carried out at isotropic temperatures of both the monomer mixture and the obtained polymers.
Deriving Topics in Twitter by Exploiting Tweet Interactions (2015)

Twitter as a big data social network becomes one of the most important sources for capturing the up-to-date events happening in the world. Topic derivation from Twitter is important for various applications such as situation awareness, market analysis, content filtering, and recommendations. However, tweets are short messages, which makes topic derivation challenging. Current methods employ various semantic features of tweet content but mostly overlook the interactions among tweets. In this paper, we propose a novel topic derivation method that takes into account the interactions among tweets, defined as the reciprocal activities related to people who send the tweets, as well as actions and tweet contents. In particular, topics are derived by performing a two-step matrix factorization jointly over the interactions and semantic features of the tweets. We have conducted a number of experiments on tweets collected over a period of time, showing that the proposed method consistently outperforms other advanced topic derivation methods in the literature. Our experiments also reveal that the interactions among tweets do significantly relieve the sparsity problem caused by the short-text nature of Twitter.
Introduction to Biophotonics (2005)

The <i>Journal of Biomedical Optics</i> (JBO) is a Gold Open Access journal that publishes peer-reviewed papers on the use of novel optical systems and techniques for improved health care and biomedical research.
The crystal structure of human interferon b at 2.2-Å resolution (1997)

Type I interferons (IFNs) are helical cyto- kines that have diverse biological activities despite the fact that they appear to interact with the same receptor system. To achieve a better understanding of the structural basis for the different activities of a and b IFNs, we have determined the crystal structure of glycosylated human IFN-b at 2.2-A res- olution by molecular replacement. The molecule adopts a fold similar to that of the previously determined structures of murine IFN-b and human IFN-a2b but displays several dis- tinct structural features. Like human IFN-a2b, human IFN-b contains a zinc-binding site at the interface of the two molecules in the asymmetric unit, raising the question of functional relevance for IFN-b dimers. However, unlike the human IFN-a2b dimer, in which homologous surfaces form the interface, human IFN-b dimerizes with contact surfaces from opposite sides of the molecule. The relevance of the structure to the effects of point mutations in IFN-b at specific exposed residues is discussed. A potential role of ligand-ligand inter- actions in the conformational assembly of IFN receptor com- ponents is discussed.
Cutting Edge: CD4+ T Cell Help Can Be Essential for Primary CD8+ T Cell Responses In Vivo (2003)

Recent studies have shown that CD4(+) T cell help is required for the generation of memory CD8(+) T cells that can proliferate and differentiate into effector cells on Ag restimulation. The importance of help for primary CD8(+) T cell responses remains controversial. It has been suggested that help is not required for the initial proliferation and differentiation of CD8(+) T cells in vivo and that classical models of helper-dependent responses describe impaired secondary responses to Ag in vitro. We have measured primary CD8(+) T cell responses to peptide-pulsed dendritic cells in mice by cytokine ELISPOT and tetramer staining. No responses were detected in the absence of help, either when normal dendritic cells were injected into MHC II-deficient mice or when MHC II-deficient dendritic cells were injected into normal mice. Thus, the primary in vivo CD8(+) T cell response depends absolutely on help from CD4(+) T cells in our experimental system.
Site‐directed mutagenesis of human CNTF: Functional analysis of recombinant variants (1995)

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and oncostatin M (OSM) share functional properties, a predicted common helical framework, and partially identical receptor components. CNTF is a survival promoting factor for various types of neurons in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, structural features essential for the biological function of human CNTF were investigated. Several recombinant CNTF variants were constructed by PCR and expressed in E. coli. Their survival promoting activities were determined using cultures of embryonic chick and newborn rat dorsal root ganglion cells. Deletion of 14 N-terminal and 18 C-terminal amino acids significantly increased bioactivity compared to wild-type (wt) CNTF. Further truncation of the CNTF molecule at the N- or C-terminus resulted in a significant reduction or complete loss of activity. Substitution of two amino acids (Lys154Glu and Trp157Pro) abolished the survival promoting effect. Recently described analogous substitutions in IL-6 had resulted in a partial IL-6 receptor antagonist. However, the double substitution variant had no significant inhibitory effect on wtCNTF activity in assays with both wt and mutant factor. The CNTF variants constructed had almost identical effects on both chick and rat neurons indicating a close similarity of the avian and the mammalian CNTF receptor complex. The present results also demonstrate that a core segment of the CNTF molecule is indispensable for biological function. Analogous segments important for activity have already been identified in the related molecules IL-6, LIF, and OSM. Thus, our data confirm the close structural relationship of CNTF to these "neuropoietic" cytokines. In addition, they demonstrate that site-directed mutagenesis of recombinant human CNTF can yield molecules which show increased survival promoting activity on mammalian neurons.