gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Electron Mobility and Thermoelectric Power in InSb at Atmospheric and Hydrostatic Pressures (1981)

Abstract First, theoretical calculations of electron mobility and thermoelectric power in n‐type InSb are reported at liquid nitrogen and room temperatures. All the scattering mechanisms of importance in InSb are taken into account. The calculations based upon a variational solution of the Boltzmann equation are compared with experimental results over the whole available range of electron concentrations. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is obtained using the value of deformation potential constant C = 14.6 eV. Secondly, both, experimental and theoretical investigations are made of mobility in InSb under hydrostatic pressure at 77 K within a wide range of electron concentrations. The smallest electron concentrations obtained by freezing the conduction electrons on the metastable states are of order of 1 × 10 12 cm −3 . Also for those smallest concentration it is possible to describe theoretically the dependence of mobility on the hydrostatic pressure using the same set of parameters as previously, and assuming some compensation of donors by acceptors.
Rat brain Na+ channel mRNAs in non‐excitable Schwann cells (1994)

The expression of rat brain voltage-sensitive Na+ channel mRNAs in Schwann cells was examined using in situ hybridization cytochemistry and RT-PCR. The mRNAs of rat brain Na+ channel subtype II and III, but not subtype I, were detected in cultured Schwann cells from sciatic nerve and in intact sciatic nerve, which contains Schwann cells but not neuronal cell bodies. These results indicate that rat brain Na+ channel mRNAs, which have been considered as mainly neuronal-type messages, are also expressed in glial cells in vitro and in vivo.
Wavelet-based separating kernels for sequence estimation with unknown rapidly time-varying channels (1999)

A new method for blind maximum-likelihood sequence estimation is proposed. The unknown channel time variations are decomposed using optimal unconditional bases such as orthonormal wavelet bases. It is shown that it is possible to represent the channel in a reduced-order dimensional space by matching the scattering function of the multipath channel to its decomposition and obtain an approach to per-survivor processing that is effective in fast fading environments such as those practically found in macrocell wireless communication applications.
Effects of Ketones, Acetate, Butyrate, and Glucose on Bovine Lymphocyte Proliferation, (1991)

Blood leukocytes from age-matched heifers were used to determine effects of ketones, acetate, butyrate, and glucose on in vitro lymphocyte proliferation. Lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin-P, or pokeweed mitogen were cultured in the presence or absence of beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, acetone, acetate, butyrate, and glucose. Only supraphysiological levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate inhibited proliferation in cultures of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, whereas mixtures of beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate at levels seen in severe ketosis stimulated concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin-P-driven proliferation. Because acetoacetate was a lithium salt, lithium chloride served as a negative control. Results suggest the enhanced proliferation by cultures containing lithium acetoacetate was due to lithium, not acetoacetate. Butyrate (at concentrations greater than seen in bovine plasma) and acetate at normal levels inhibited proliferation. Concanavalin A- and pokeweed-mitogen-driven proliferation was greater in cultures containing lower glucose levels, but acetate added to cultures containing low glucose inhibited concanavalin A-stimulated proliferation. Proliferation by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures containing acetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate was suppressed at the lower concentrations of glucose tested. In conclusion, ketones, butyrate, and glucose at concentrations occurring in vivo had minimal effects on bovine lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Levels of acetate associated with ketosis suppressed lymphocyte function and may alter immune responsiveness in vivo.
The Biochemistry of Cancer Dissemination (1997)

The progression of a tumor cell from one of benign delimited proliferation to invasive and metastatic growth is the major cause of poor clinical outcome of cancer patients. Recent research has revealed that this complex process requires many components for successful dissemination and growth of the tumor cell at secondary sites. These include angiogenesis, enhanced extracellular matrix degradation via tumor and host-secreted proteases, tumor cell migration, and modulation of tumor cell adhesion. Each individual component is multifaceted and is discussed within this review with respect to historical and recent findings. The identification of components and their interrelationship have yielded new therapeutic targets leading to the development of agents that may prove effective in the treatment of cancer and its metastatic progression.
Using Entropy Analysis to Find Encrypted and Packed Malware (2007)

In statically analyzing large sample collections, packed and encrypted malware pose a significant challenge to automating the identification of malware attributes and functionality. Entropy analysis examines the statistical variation in malware executables, enabling analysts to quickly and efficiently identify packed and encrypted samples
Multiply Colored Electrochromic Carbazole-Based Polymers (1997)

We report the synthesis and electrochemical polymerization of a series of bisheterocycle-N-substituted carbazoles. These monomers exhibit low peak oxidation potentials (Ep,m) which range from 0.15 to 0.46 V vs Ag/Ag+, indicating facile polymerization. Repeated scan electrochemical polymerization for these monomers proceeds rapidly, relative to carbazole, to form stable electroactive films. Cyclic voltammetry of the polymers indicates that the films are well adhered to the electrode surface and that each of the polymers possess two distinct redox waves. At applied potentials greater than 1.15 V, a third irreversible oxidative process is observed, presumedly due to cross-linking. Optoelectrochemical analysis indicates that these polymers have an electronic bandgap (measured as the onset of the π-to-π* transition) between 2.4 and 2.5 eV. Three distinct colors are achievable by varying the redox state of the polymers suggesting potential use for multiply colored electrochromic displays. For the series of bis(ethylenedioxythiophene)-N-substituted carbazoles, the fully reduced form of the polymers are canary yellow. Upon mild oxidation, the films become green and in the fully oxidized form, blue.
Mechanisms underlying FLASH radiotherapy, a novel way to enlarge the differential responses to ionizing radiation between normal and tumor tissues (2020)

Different from conventional radiotherapy (CONV-RT), FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) delivers a single high dose at a mean dose rate ≥40 ​Gy/s in milliseconds to achieve similar tumor control to CONV-RT while sparing normal tissues from detrimental injury. It provides an intriguing perspective in improving clinical outcomes for tumor patients as well as a novel way to enhance the differential responses between normal and tumor tissues. However, its mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this paper, we review the currently available publications on FLASH-RT and parse the probable mechanisms of three major aspects including the production of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage response, and immunoreaction. Experiments specifically designed to disclose the intrinsic difference between normal and malignant cells in response to FLASH-RT and CONV-RT are necessary to prove these hypotheses.
The Transcription Factor Mesp1 Interacts with cAMP-responsive Element Binding Protein 1 (Creb1) and Coactivates Ets Variant 2 (Etv2) Gene Expression (2015)

Mesoderm posterior 1 (Mesp1) is well recognized for its role in cardiac development, although it is expressed broadly in mesodermal lineages. We have previously demonstrated important roles for Mesp1 and Ets variant 2 (Etv2) during lineage specification, but their relationship has not been defined. This study reveals that Mesp1 binds to the proximal promoter and transactivates Etv2 gene expression via the CRE motif. We also demonstrate the protein-protein interaction between Mesp1 and cAMP-responsive element binding protein 1 (Creb1) in vitro and in vivo. Utilizing transgenesis, lineage tracing, flow cytometry, and immunostaining technologies, we define the lineage relationship between Mesp1- and Etv2-expressing cell populations. We observe that the majority of Etv2-EYFP(+) cells are derived from Mesp1-Cre(+) cells in both the embryo and yolk sac. Furthermore, we observe that the conditional deletion of Etv2, using a Mesp1-Cre transgenic strategy, results in vascular and hematopoietic defects similar to those observed in the global deletion of Etv2 and that it has embryonic lethality by embryonic day 9.5. In summary, our study supports the hypothesis that Mesp1 is a direct upstream transactivator of Etv2 during embryogenesis and that Creb1 is an important cofactor of Mesp1 in the transcriptional regulation of Etv2 gene expression.
Interactions between Corticosteroids and β2-Agonists in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2004)

The combination of a long-acting beta(2)-agonist (LABA) and an inhaled corticosteroid is more efficacious in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than other combination therapies or than either alone. Corticosteroids may regulate beta(2)-receptor function by increasing expression of the receptor, restoring G-protein/beta(2)-receptor coupling, and inhibiting beta(2)-receptor downregulation. LABAs may prime the glucocorticoid receptor and affect its nuclear localization by modulating glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation. These mechanisms suggest the possibility of interactions between the two classes of drugs at the molecular and receptor levels. Indeed, there is evidence that corticosteroid/beta(2)-agonist combination therapy has complementary, additive, and synergistic inhibitory effects on proinflammatory signaling pathways, inflammatory mediator release, and recruitment and survival of inflammatory cells. In the asthmatic patient, this is reflected in enhanced anti-inflammatory activity with combination therapy beyond that which can be achieved by either drug alone, or the potential for LABAs to provide a steroid-sparing effect. Corticosteroid/beta(2)-agonist combined activity may also overcome the reduced sensitivity to inhaled corticosteroids that has been reported in some patients with COPD.
A Flexible Polymer Tactile Sensor: Fabrication and Modular Expandability for Large Area Deployment (2006)

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a modular expandable capacitive tactile sensor using polydimethylsiloxsane (PDMS) elastomer. A sensor module consists of 16times16 tactile cells with 1 mm spatial resolution, similar to that of human skin, and interconnection lines for expandability. The sensor has been fabricated by using five PDMS layers bonded together. In order to customize the sensitivity of a sensor, we cast PDMS by spin coating and cured it on a highly planarized stage for uniform thickness. The cell size is 600times600 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and initial capacitance of each cell is about 180 fF. Tactile response of a cell has been measured using a commercial force gauge having 1 mN resolution and a motorized z-axis precision stage with 100 nm resolution. The fabricated cell shows a sensitivity of 3%/mN within the full scale range of 40 mN (250 kPa). Four tactile modules have been successfully attached by using anisotropic conductive paste to demonstrate expandability of the proposed sensors. Various tactile images have been successfully captured by single sensor module as well as the expanded 32times32 array sensors
Telomerase-Specific T-Cell Immunity in Breast Cancer: Effect of Vaccination on Tumor Immunosurveillance (2007)

The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is nearly universally overexpressed in human cancer, contributes critically to oncogenesis, and is recognized by cytotoxic T cells that lyse tumors. CD8+ T cells specific for hTERT naturally occur in certain populations of cancer patients in remission, but it remains poorly understood whether such T cells could contribute to tumor immunosurveillance. To address this issue, we induced hTERT-specific T cells in vivo via peptide vaccination in 19 patients with metastatic breast cancer who otherwise had no measurable T-cell responses to hTERT at baseline. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were evident after, but not before vaccination, with 4% to 13% of postvaccine CD8+ TIL specific for the immunizing hTERT peptide. Induction of TIL manifested clinically with tumor site pain and pruritus and pathologically with alterations in the tumor microenvironment, featuring histiocytic accumulation and widespread tumor necrosis. hTERT-specific CD8+ T cells were also evident after vaccination in the peripheral blood of patients and exhibited effector functions in vitro including proliferation, IFN-gamma production, and tumor lysis. An exploratory landmark analysis revealed that median overall survival was significantly longer in those patients who achieved an immune response to hTERT peptide compared with patients who did not. Immune response to a control cytomegalovirus peptide in the vaccine did not correlate with survival. These results suggest that hTERT-specific T cells could contribute to the immunosurveillance of breast cancer and suggest novel opportunities for both therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine strategies for cancer.
International humanitarian assistance to Myanmar : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (2008)

Myanmar is a country with many complex political and humanitarian issues. While it is rich in natural resources, it remains one of the poorest and most undemocratic countries in Asia. It has a history of ethnic and political division and many of the antagonists are still to find lasting reconciliation. Myanmar has been controlled by military juntas and former army generals since a coup in 1962. The focus of the regime is security and the preservation of its position as the ruling elite, at the expense of democracy and the humanitarian needs of the general population. The international response to the humanitarian plight of the Myanmar people has been mixed and the provision of international aid to Myanmar has become a highly contentious issue.&#13;\nThis thesis seeks to critically examine international aid to Myanmar so as to determine whether under present conditions humanitarian assistance should, and can, be effectively provided to the country. In doing so recent theories relating to humanitarian assistance and intervention are reviewed and the historical and political circumstances that have influenced the humanitarian situation in Myanmar are explored. A description of the current humanitarian situation and levels of international assistance is provided, and donor, practitioner and activist perspectives on international assistance are determined.&#13;\nThe results of this study show that Myanmar has serious humanitarian needs. Despite being a difficult environment in which to operate, with complex political problems, it is still possible to conduct effective programmes in the country. Existing programmes do not reach all those in need, nor do current programmes address many of the core problems. International assistance does help fill the gap left largely unattended by the junta. Any lasting political solution requires the participation of all stakeholders in the country, especially the military. As the junta is unlikely to relinquish political control, regardless of pressure levelled against the senior generals, the need for ongoing international aid remains obvious. When all the considerations about providing aid to Myanmar are taken into account, it is apparent from this research that the conditions are serious enough to justify that there is a humanitarian imperative to help, and that there are sound opportunities to do so.
Edatrexate (10-ethyl-deaza-aminopterin) (NSC #626715) with or without leucovorin rescue for malignant mesothelioma. Sequential phase II trials by the cancer and leukemia group B. (1999)

Moderate antitumor activity has been observed with both regimens. Leucovorin rescue ameliorated the mucosal, hematologic, and dermatologic toxicities of edatrexate, but also may have reduced its efficacy.
Large quantity production with extreme convenience of human SDF‐1α and SDF‐1β by a Sendai virus vector (1998)

We describe a robust expression of human stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) and SDF-1beta, the members of CXC-chemokine family, with a novel vector system based upon Sendai virus, a non-segmented negative strand RNA virus. Recombinant SDF-1alpha and SDF-1beta were detected as a major protein species in culture supernatants, reached as high as 10 microg/ ml. This remarkable enrichment of the products allowed us to use even the crude supernatants as the source for biological and antiviral assays without further concentration nor purification and will thus greatly facilitate to screen their genetically engineered derivatives.
Active proliferation of different cell types, including lymphocytes, in human atherosclerotic plaques. (1995)

Cell proliferation, an important mechanism of atherosclerotic plaque growth, occurs among smooth muscle, inflammatory cell, and other cell types. We have identified different topographical patterns of cell proliferation in human carotid plaques, based on cell type. Cell proliferation was determined with an antibody to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), combined with cell type-specific antibodies. Despite low levels of overall proliferative activity, the intima displayed more proliferative activity than the underlying media (1.61 +/- 0.35% in intima versus 0.05 +/- 0.03% in media; P < 0.01). The preponderant proliferative cell type in the intima was the monocyte/macrophage (46.0% of PCNA-positive cells), with a minority being smooth muscle alpha-actin-positive (9.7%), microvascular endothelial (14.3%), and T cells (13.1%). Smooth muscle cells were the dominant proliferating cell type in the media (44.4% of PCNA-positive cells versus 20% endothelial cells, 13.0% monocyte/macrophages, and 14.3% T cells). Within the plaque, foam-cell-rich regions mostly displayed proliferation among macrophages (66.5%), whereas in vascularized fields PCNA positivity was almost equally shared by endothelial cells (23.8%), monocyte/macrophages (26.3%), smooth muscle alpha-actin-positive cells (14.0%), and to a lesser extent, T cells (8.2%). Logistic and linear regression analyses also demonstrated that location in foam-cell-rich regions was a significant predictor of proliferation only among monocyte/macrophages, whereas location in vascularized regions was a good predictor of PCNA positivity among both inflammatory and noninflammatory cells. These different patterns of cell type proliferation suggest possibly different distributions of putative responsible growth regulatory factors in human atherosclerosis.
Anthanthrene Derivatives as Blue Emitting Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diode Applications (2006)

Photophysical properties of anthanthrene (1) and its derivatives (2−11) substituted at the 4,10 and/or 6,12 positions (φF = 0.25−0.56, τF = 2.93−4.21 ns in CH2Cl2) are compared. Solution emission behavior (λmax = 438−482 nm) is similar to that observed in the solid state (λmax = 437−465 nm). The compounds are shown to be efficient and very stable blue emitters, especially in the solid state (φF = 0.39−0.86). An electroluminescent (EL) device containing 5 as a dopant produced an EL efficiency of 3.0 cd/A with CIE coordinates of 0.13 and 0.25. The luminescence half-life of the device was more than 3500 h with an initial luminescence ∼ 600 cd/m2.
Context and cognition: ways of learning and knowing (1993)

The study of cognitive development in children has moved from a focus on the intellectual processes of the individual studied in relative isolation, as in the classic work of Jean Piaget, to a concern in the 1970s and 1980s with social cognition characterized by Vygotsky's views. In even more recent years, the trend toward an understanding of the nature of cognition has evolved even further and the extent to which thinking and knowing are inextricably linked to contextual constraints is at last being defined. Experts of international repute, the authors of this important book examine the recent literature on situated cognition in children. They explain contextual sensitivity in relation to ecological theories of cognition, and contrast intuitive reasoning in mathematical and other scientific domains with the failure of such reasoning in school contexts. Centrally concerned with the question of generalizability and transfer of knowledge from one situation to another, the contributors point to practical implications for understanding how intellectual competence can be made to generalize between informal and formal situations.
A Practical approach to LL(k); LLm(n) (1992)

In terms of recognition strength, LL techniques are widely held to be inferior to LR parsers. The fact that any LR (k) grammar can be rewritten to be LR (I), whereas LL(k) is stronger than LL (I), appears to give LR techniques the additional benefit of not requiring k-token lookahead and its associated ovehead. In this paper, we suggest that LL(k) is actually superior to LR (1) when translation, rather than acceptance, is the goal. Further, a practical method of generating efficient LL(k) parsers is presented. This practical approach is based on the fact that most parsing decisions in a typical LL(k) grammar can be made without comparing k-tuples and often do not even require the full k tokens of lwkahead. We denote such "optimized" LL(k) parsers LLm(n)|mSnSk