gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Molecule Detection in Liquids by Laser-Induced Fluorescence (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSingle-Molecule Detection in Liquids by Laser-Induced FluorescencePeter M. Goodwin, W. Patrick Ambrose, and Richard A. KellerView Author Information Chemical Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 12, 607–613Publication Date (Web):December 11, 1996Publication History Received1 July 1996Published online11 December 1996Published inissue 11 December 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar950250yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ar950250yresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1090Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Fluorescence,Fluorescence detection,Genetics,Lasers,Molecules Get e-Alerts
Structure and expression of the gene encoding cystatin D, a novel human cysteine proteinase inhibitor. (1991)

A new member of the human cystatin multigene family has been cloned from a genomic library using a cystatin C cDNA probe. The complete nucleotide sequence of a 4.3-kilobase DNA segment, containing a complete gene with structure very similar to those of known Family 2 cystatin genes, was determined. The novel gene, called CST4, is composed of three exons and two introns. It contains the coding information for a protein of 142 amino acid residues, which has been tentatively called cystatin D. The deduced amino acid sequence includes a putative signal peptide and presents 51-55% identical residues with the sequences of either cystatin C or the secretory gland cystatins S, SN, or SA. The cystatin D sequence contains all regions of relevance for cysteine proteinase inhibitory activity and also the 4 cysteine residues that form disulfide bridges in the other members of cystatin Family 2. Northern blot analysis revealed that the cystatin D gene is expressed in parotid gland but not in seminal vesicle, prostate, epididymis, testis, ovary, placenta, thyroid, gastric corpus, small intestine, liver, or gall-bladder tissue. This tissue-restricted expression is in marked contrast with the wider distribution of all the other Family 2 cystatins, since cystatin C is expressed in all these tissues and the secretory gland cystatins are present in saliva, seminal plasma, and tears. Cystatin D, being the first described member of a third subfamily within the cystatin Family 2, thus appears to have a distinct function in the body in contrast to other cystatins.
Bacillus subtilis early sporulation genes kinA, spo0F, and spo0A are transcribed by the RNA polymerase containing sigma H (1992)

The Bacillus subtilis genes kinA (spoIIJ), spo0F, and spo0A encode components of the sporulation signal transduction pathway. Recent work has suggested that these genes are transcribed by a minor form of RNA polymerase, E sigma H (sigma H is the product of spo0H, another early sporulation gene). We directly tested this hypothesis by performing in vitro transcription assays with reconstituted E sigma H and a set of plasmids containing the kinA, spo0F, and spo0A promoter regions. We were able to obtain distinct transcripts of the expected sizes with all three genes by using linearized or supercoiled templates. Furthermore, primer extension experiments indicate that the transcription start sites for the three genes in vitro and in vivo are the same. In addition, we measured steady-state levels of kinA, spo0F, and spo0A mRNAs during growth in sporulation medium; all of them were increased at or near the beginning of the stationary phase.
Evaluating requirements for gaze-based interaction in a see-through head mounted display (2008)

This study suggests an approach to the evaluation of gaze-based interaction with information displayed on a see-through HMD. For these purposes, a mock-up system consisting of a head-mounted eye tracker and a see-through HMD was developed. In a series of three experiments subjects performed a simple point selection task using gaze control. Various design issues were addressed throughout including the size of interactive elements, their position on the screen, temporal and spatial resolution parameters of the eye tracker as well as algorithms used to enhance data quality. Reaction time and hit rate were measured as objective indicators of performance.
Fertilization in vitro increases non-disjunction during early cleavage divisions in a mouse model system (2002)

Our results demonstrate that slight alterations in in-vitro conditions may have a considerable impact on the genetic quality of assisted reproductive technology-derived embryos and suggest that the genetic quality of embryos should be a fundamental concern in the development of new culture systems for clinical use.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Economic Growth: an approach in terms of cointegration for the case of Tunisia (2012)

Throughout the last decades, the global economy has been completely sophisticated. It has evolved in an increasingly more and more complicated context, given the mechanism of free trade, free haw of capital and goods; investment has become important for developing countries. In this respect, it is necessary to study the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the economic growth of the host country, especially in Tunisia. By using recent techniques of time series analysis over the period 1975-2009. Our empirical results thus suggest that FDI could help boost the process of long-term economic growth.
Incorporation of [ 15 N]Ammonia by the Cellulolytic Ruminal Bacteria Fibrobacter succinogenes BL2, Ruminococcus albus SY3, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17 (2001)

The origin of cell nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen during growth of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria in different growth media was investigated by using (15)NH(3). At high concentrations of peptides (Trypticase, 10 g/liter) and amino acids (15.5 g/liter), significant amounts of cell nitrogen of Fibrobacter succinogenes BL2 (51%), Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17 (43%), and Ruminococcus albus SY3 (46%) were derived from non-NH(3)-N. With peptides at 1 g/liter, a mean of 80% of cell nitrogen was from NH(3). More cell nitrogen was formed from NH(3) during growth on cellobiose compared with growth on cellulose in all media. Phenylalanine was essential for F. succinogenes, and its (15)N enrichment declined more than that of other amino acids in all species when amino acids were added to the medium.
Gene Expression Profiling on Lung Cancer Outcome Prediction: Present Clinical Value and Future Premise (2006)

DNA microarray has been widely used in cancer research to better predict clinical outcomes and potentially improve patient management. The new approach provides accurate tumor classification and outcome predictions, such as tumor stage, metastatic status, and patient survival, and offers some hope for individualized medicine. However, growing evidence suggests that gene-based prediction is not stable and little is known about the prediction power of gene expression profiles compared with well-known clinical and pathologic predictors. This review summarized up-to-date publications in microarray-based lung cancer clinical outcome prediction and conducted secondary analyses for those with sufficient sample sizes and associated clinical information. Among the most commonly used analytic approaches, unsupervised clustering mainly recaptures tumor histology and provides variable degrees of prediction for tumor stage, lymph node status, or survival. Overall, most studies lack an independent validation. Supervised learning and testing generally offer a better prediction. Noted is that when conventional predictors of age, gender, stage, cell type, and tumor grade are considered collectively, the predictive advantage of the gene expression profiles diminishes. We conclude that outcome prediction from gene expression signatures selected by current analytic approaches can be mostly explained by well-known conventional predictors, particularly histologic subtype and grade of differentiation. A strategy for establishing independent or more accurate signatures is commented.
Biocatalytic nerve agent detoxification in fire fighting foams (1999)

Current events across the globe necessitate rapid technological advances to combat the epidemic of nerve agent chemical weapons. Biocatalysis has emerged as a viable tool in the detoxification of organophosphorus neurotoxins, such as the chemical weapons VX and sarin. Efficient detoxification of contaminated equipment, machinery, and soils are of principal concern. This study describes the incorporation of a biocatalyst (organophosphorus hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.8.1) into conventional formulations of fire fighting foam. The capacity of fire fighting foams to decrease volatilization of contained contaminants, increase surface wettability, and control the rate of enzyme delivery to large areas makes them useful vehicles for enzyme application at surfaces. The performance of enzyme containing foams has been shown to be not only reproducible but also predictable. An empirical model provides reasonable estimations for the amounts of achievable surface decontamination as a function of the important parameters of the system. Theoretical modeling illustrates that the enzyme-containing foam is capable of extracting agent from the surface and is catalytically active at the foam-surface interface and throughout the foam itself. Biocatalytic foam has proven to be an effective, "environmentally friendly" means of surface and soil decontamination.
The Rate of Increase of Short Telomeres Predicts Longevity in Mammals (2012)

Aberrantly short telomeres result in decreased longevity in both humans and mice with defective telomere maintenance. Normal populations of humans and mice present high interindividual variation in telomere length, but it is unknown whether this is associated with their lifespan potential. To address this issue, we performed a longitudinal telomere length study along the lifespan of wild-type and transgenic telomerase reverse transcriptase mice. We found that mouse telomeres shorten ∼100 times faster than human telomeres. Importantly, the rate of increase in the percentage of short telomeres, rather than the rate of telomere shortening per month, was a significant predictor of lifespan in both mouse cohorts, and those individuals who showed a higher rate of increase in the percentage of short telomeres were also the ones with a shorter lifespan. These findings demonstrate that short telomeres have a direct impact on longevity in mammals, and they highlight the importance of performing longitudinal telomere studies to predict longevity.
Human wild-type p53 adopts a unique conformational and phosphorylation state in vivo during growth arrest of glioblastoma cells. (1992)

The wild-type (wt) human tumor-suppressor gene product, p53, and its mutant form have been analysed in an in vivo system in which the inducible expression of wt p53 results in growth arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Two major pools of p53 are detected after wt p53 expression by their differential reactivity with the p53 monoclonal antibodies PAb 421 and 1801 as well as the mutant and wt-specific monoclonal antibodies PAb 240 and 1620; one pool contains wt and mutant p53 and is characterized as having a mutant conformation, whereas the other pool contains only wt p53 with a wt conformation. As G1 arrest is entered, the amount of wt p53 associated with the mutant pool decreases, such that by 12 h free wt and mutant p53 are the major pools. Two-dimensional gel analysis of the p53 pools revealed that free wt p53 is phosphorylated to a greater degree than mutant p53, which correlated with the loss of the PAb 421 epitope on wt p53. In summary, the ability of wt p53 to exert an antiproliferative effect correlates with the presence of a unique conformational state of wt p53 characterized by increased phosphorylation and the loss of both the PAb 421 epitope and association with mutant p53 pool, whereas mutant p53 is unable to assume this conformational state.
Wide Area Based Precise Point Positioning (2006)

Precise point positioning (PPP) is a positioning technique in which a single receiver is used to determine its coordinates,using precise products such as orbits and clocks. In this work we are discussing the ambiguity parameter in PPP, which, for several reasons, is not an integer value, as it happens in case of double differenced observations The ambiguity parameter in PPP includes satellite and receiver biases, which have to be adequately separated in order to obtain integer ambiguities, what would allow ambiguities fixing process. In order to do so, a new approach was introduced, called here wide area precise point positioning. The main idea of this new approach the determination of satellite fractional biases using a network of receivers. In order to separate fractional biases from other parameters such as ionospheric delays and ambiguities, a de-correlation filter was created, and in experiments carried out involving nearby stations, the ionospheric delays determined with the de-correlation filter agree very well with each other Differential receiver-satellite fractional biases were determined for former IGS station and PRN 20 at L1 requency and showed to be stable with a mean value of - 0.6 cycles, and standard deviation of around 0.2 cycles. This uncertainty in metric units for L1 frequency is 3.9 cm.
Aryl- and Heteroaryl-Alkyne Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Palladium on Carbon and CuI in an Aqueous Medium (1995)

A protocol for the efficient coupling of alkynes with aryl and heteroaryl substrates with a Pd/C-CuI-PPh3 catalyst system in aqueous media has been developed. These conditions are tolerant of a variety of unprotected functional groups. Reactions which demonstrate the generality and scope of this methodology are reported.
Plasma lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2003)

In recent years, a great number of studies have investigated the possible role of reactive oxygen species in the aetiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to investigate plasma concentrations of vitamin E, beta-carotene, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase, levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in 36 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 22 healthy age-matched controls. The plasma activity of GSH-Px and catalase (p < 0.001), levels of GSH (p < 0.01), concentration of beta-carotene (p < 0.05) and vitamin E (p < 0.001), haemoglobin and hematocrit (p < 0.05) were significantly lower in patients with RA than in controls. The MDA levels (p < 0.01), C reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, anti-streptolysin-o values (p < 0.001), platelet count (p < 0.05) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p < 0.001) were higher in the patient group than in the control group. These results provide some evidence for a potential role of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in RA by its inflammatory character. These results suggested that oxidant stress plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of RA.
Antibodies to interleukin 12 abrogate established experimental colitis in mice. (1995)

In this study, we describe a novel murine model of chronic intestinal inflammation induced by the hapten reagent 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Rectal application of low doses of TNBS in BALB/c and SJL/J mice resulted in a chronic transmural colitis with severe diarrhea, weight loss, and rectal prolapse, an illness that mimics some characteristics of Crohn's disease in humans. The colon of TNBS-treated mice on day 7 was marked by infiltration of CD4+ T cells; furthermore, in situ polymerase chain reaction studies revealed high levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma mRNA in diseased colons. Isolated lamina propria (LP) CD4+ T cells from TNBS-treated mice stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies exhibited a Th1 pattern of cytokine secretion: a 20-50-fold increase in IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels and a 5-fold decrease in IL-4 levels as compared with those of stimulated LP CD4+ T cells from control BALB/c mice. Administration of monoclonal anti-IL-12 antibodies to the TNBS-treated mice both early (at 5 d) and late (at 20 d) after induction of colitis led to a striking improvement in both the clinical and histopathological aspects of the disease and frequently abrogated the established colitis completely. Furthermore, LP CD4+ T cells isolated from anti-IL-12-treated mice failed to secrete IFN-gamma upon in vitro stimulation. In summary, the data demonstrate the pivotal role of IL-12 and IFN-gamma in a TNBS-induced murine model of chronic intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, they suggest the potential utility of anti-IL-12 antibodies in patients with Crohn's disease.
Non-invasive assessment of diffuse liver disease by in vivo measurement of proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times at 0.08 T (1994)

44 patients with a range of parenchymal liver diseases diagnosed by biopsy or laboratory investigations underwent proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry of the liver at 0.08 T. T1 maps were produced using an interleaved saturation recovery and inversion recovery sequence and T2 maps using a four echo Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. Significantly raised relaxation times compared with a previously studied group of 42 normal volunteers were found in groups of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (p < 0.001 for T1 and T2), chronic active hepatitis (CAH) (p < 0.01 for T1 and T2) and minor liver abnormalities (p < 0.01, T2 only). T1 was significantly higher in cirrhotics than in patients with CAH (p < 0.002) and minor abnormalities (p < 0.001). This suggests a role for relaxometry in the confirmation of the presence of cirrhosis (sensitivity = 75%, specificity approximately 97%, taking T1 > 266 ms as a positivity criterion). Reduced T2 values were found in patients with liver iron overload prior to venesection (p < 0.001 versus normals, p < 0.02 versus venesected patients). Although this latter test has relatively low sensitivity and specificity, it may have a role in the monitoring of treatment for iron overload.
Morphology and surface reconstructions of GaN(1100) surfaces (2003)

GaN is grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on ZnO(11̄00) substrates. Well-oriented (11̄00) GaN surfaces are obtained, and (11̄01) oriented facets are also observed. On the GaN(11̄00) surfaces under Ga-rich conditions, a surface reconstruction with approximate symmetry of “4×5” is found. A model is proposed in which this reconstruction consists of ⩾2 monolayers of Ga terminating the GaN surface.
Improved variants of SrtA for site-specific conjugation on antibodies and proteins with high efficiency (2016)

Abstract Sortase mediated ligation is a highly specific platform for conjugation that relies on the specificity of the transpeptidase Sortase A (SrtA) for short peptide sequences (LPXTG and GGG). SrtA retains its specificity while accepting a wide range of potential substrates, but its broad use is limited by the wild-type enzyme’s poor kinetics, which require large amounts of SrtA and extended reaction times for efficient conjugation. Prior explorations have aimed to improve the kinetics of SrtA with limited success. Herein we describe the discovery of further improved SrtA variants with increased efficiency for the conjugation reaction, and demonstrate their robustness in labelling proteins and antibodies in a site-specific manner. Our variants require significantly lower amounts of enzyme than WT SrtA and can be used to attach small molecules to the N or C-terminus of the heavy or light chain in antibodies with excellent yields. These improved variants can also be used for highly efficient site-specific PEGylation.
Variable Latency Goldschmidt Algorithm Based on a New Rounding Method and a Remainder Estimate (2010)

A new variable latency Goldschmidt algorithm is presented. The algorithm is based on a new rounding method for division, square root, and their reciprocals that avoids the conventional remainder calculation in most of cases and improves previous proposals. The rounding decision is taken by checking the least significant bits of the output of the last Goldschmidt iteration without any other transformation. This helps to reduce the number of cases which need the calculation of the remainder. Additionally, we avoid the calculation of the remainder for most of those cases by using a remainder estimate that can be easily obtained from the Goldschmidt iteration. The calculation of the estimate is much simpler and less time consuming than the calculation of the remainder and this contributes to reducing the number of cases which need a large latency. The combination of both techniques allows us to define a variable latency algorithm which needs to compute the remainder in just nine percent of the total number of cases for reciprocal and division and in 12 percent for square root and square root reciprocal.
Preventing Renal IschemiaReperfusion Injury Using Small Interfering RNA by Targeting Complement 3 Gene (2006)

The complement system is one of the important mediators of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). We hypothesized that efficient silencing of C3, which is the central component on which all complement activation pathways converge, could be achieved using small interfering RNA (siRNA), and that this would result in overall inhibition of complement activation, thereby preventing IRI in kidneys. A series of experiments was conducted, using a mouse model of IRI and vector-delivered C3-specific siRNA. We demonstrated the following: (1) renal expression of C3 increases as a result of IRI; (2) by incorporation into a pRNAT U6.1 vector, siRNA can be delivered to renal cells in vivo; (3) systemically delivered siRNA is effective in reducing the expression of C3 in an experimentally induced mouse kidney model of IRI; (4) similarly, siRNA reduces complement-mediated IRI-related effects, both in terms of renal injury (as evidenced by renal function and histopathology examination) and mouse mortality and (5) silencing the production of C3 diminishes in vivo production of TNF-alpha. This study implies that siRNA represents a novel approach to preventing IRI in kidneys and might be used in a variety of clinical settings, including transplantation and acute tubular necrosis.