gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme Bioelectrochemistry in Cast Biomembrane-Like Films (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzyme Bioelectrochemistry in Cast Biomembrane-Like FilmsJames F. RuslingView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Box U-60, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4060 Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 6, 363–369Publication Date (Web):May 9, 1998Publication History Received19 September 1997Published online9 May 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar970254yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ar970254yresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1417Altmetric-Citations493LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Charge transfer,Electrodes,Peptides and proteins,Surfactants,Thin films Get e-Alerts
RNA interference in Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) based on dsRNA ingestion (2011)

An efficient and convenient RNAi technique involving dsRNA ingestion has been successfully developed for N. lugens. This will be a useful tool for further functional genomic investigation in this organism.
Super-Dispersive Off-Axis Meta-Lenses for Compact High Resolution Spectroscopy (2016)

Metasurfaces have opened a new frontier in the miniaturization of optical technology by allowing exceptional control over the wavefront. Here, we demonstrate off-axis meta-lenses that simultaneously focus and disperse light of different wavelengths with unprecedented spectral resolution. They are designed based on the geometric phase via rotated silicon nanofins and can focus light at angles as large as 80°. Due to the large angle focusing, these meta-lenses have superdispersive characteristics (0.27 nm/mrad) that make them capable of resolving wavelength differences as small as 200 pm in the telecom region. In addition, by stitching several meta-lenses together, we maintain a high spectral resolution for a wider wavelength range. The meta-lenses have measured efficiencies as high as 90% in the wavelength range of 1.1 to 1.6 μm. The planar and compact configuration together with high spectral resolution of these meta-lenses has significant potential for emerging portable/wearable optics technology.
The Developmental Origins of Insulin Resistance (2005)

Until recently, the principal causes of degenerative disease were thought to act in adult life and to accelerate destructive processes, such as the formation of atheroma and rise in blood pressure. Recent observations that people who develop coronary heart disease grow differently to other people during fetal life and childhood have, however, led to a new 'developmental' model for the disease. Low birthweight has been shown to be associated with increased rates of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and altered glucose tolerance. These associations with low birthweight extend across the normal range of birthweight and reflect slow fetal growth rather than premature birth. The associations are thought to be consequences of developmental plasticity, the phenomenon by which one genotype can give rise to a range of different physiological or morphological states in response to different environmental conditions during development. Recent observations suggest that low birthweight, thinness at 2 years of age and an increase in body mass index (BMI) after the age of 2 years are each associated with the development of insulin resistance in later life. The prevention of a substantial proportion of type 2 diabetes and other disorders linked to insulin resistance may, therefore, depend on interventions during development. These include protecting the growth of babies during the first 2 years after birth by good infant feeding practices and preventing a rapid increase in BMI after the age of 2 years. Improving fetal nutrition remains an important long-term goal.
Polymer-Supported Mukaiyama Reagent:  A Useful Coupling Reagent for the Synthesis of Esters and Amides (2004)

Polymer-supported N-alkyl-2-chloro pyridinium triflate was synthesized in one step from Wang resin. This reagent proved to be a very effective coupling reagent for the synthesis of esters or amides from carboxylic acids and alcohols or amines (primary and secondary). [reaction: see text]
Functional Heterogeneity of PAX5 Chimeras Reveals Insight for Leukemia Development (2014)

This comparative study of multiple PAX5 fusion proteins demonstrates both common and unique properties, which likely dictate their function and impact on leukemia development.
Development of a DNA Microarray for Detection and Identification of Fungal Pathogens Involved in Invasive Mycoses (2005)

Invasive fungal infections have emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Conventional identification of pathogenic fungi in clinical microbiology laboratories is time-consuming and, therefore, often imperfect for the early initiation of an adequate antifungal therapy. We developed a diagnostic microarray for the rapid and simultaneous identification of the 12 most common pathogenic Candida and Aspergillus species. Oligonucleotide probes were designed by exploiting the sequence variations of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rRNA gene cassette to identify Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida lusitaniae, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus. By using universal fungal primers (ITS 1 and ITS 4) directed toward conserved regions of the 18S and 28S rRNA genes, respectively, the fungal ITS target regions could be simultaneously amplified and fluorescently labeled. To establish the system, 12 pre-characterized fungal strains were analyzed; and the method was validated by using 21 clinical isolates as blinded samples. As the microarray was able to detect and clearly identify the fungal pathogens within 4 h after DNA extraction, this system offers an interesting potential for clinical microbiology laboratories.
A2A Adenosine Receptor May Allow Expansion of T Cells Lacking Effector Functions in Extracellular Adenosine-Rich Microenvironments (2009)

Immunosuppressive signaling via the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) provokes a mechanism that protects inflamed tissues from excessive damage by immune cells. This mechanism is desirable not only for preventing uncontrolled tissue destruction by overactive immune responses, but also for protecting tumor tissues from antitumor immune responses. In aforementioned circumstances, T cell priming may occur in an environment containing high concentrations of extracellular adenosine. To examine qualitative changes in T cells activated in the presence of adenosine, we asked whether different functional responses of T cells are equally susceptible to A2AR agonists. In this study, we demonstrate that A2AR signaling during T cell activation strongly inhibited development of cytotoxicity and cytokine-producing activity in T cells, whereas the inhibition of T cell proliferation was only marginal. Both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells proliferated well in the presence of A2AR agonists, but their IFN-gamma-producing activities were susceptible to inhibition by cAMP-elevating A2AR. Importantly, the impaired effector functions were maintained in T cells even after removal of the A2AR agonist, reflecting T cell memory of the immunoregulatory effect of adenosine. Thus, although the adenosine-rich environment may allow for the expansion of T cells, the functional activation of T cells may be critically impaired. This physiological mechanism could explain the inefficiency of antitumor T cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Supplementation of Fat Grafts With Adipose-Derived Regenerative Cells Improves Long-Term Graft Retention (2010)

Current practice of autologous fat transfer for soft tissue augmentation is limited by poor long-term graft retention. Adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) contain several types of stem and regenerative cells, which may help improve graft retention through multiple mechanisms. Using a murine fat transplantation model, ADRCs were added to transplanted fat to test whether ADRCs could improve the long-term retention of the grafts. This study showed, at both 6 and 9 months after transplantation, ADRCs not only increased graft retention by 2-fold but also improved the quality of the grafts. ADRC-supplemented grafts had a higher capillary density, indicating ADRCs could promote neovascularization. Further cell tracking and gene expression studies suggest ADRCs may promote angiogenesis and adipocyte differentiation and prevent apoptosis through the expression of various growth factors, including VEGFA and IGF-1. Taken together, these results suggest a potential clinical utility of ADRCs in facilitating autologous fat transfer for soft tissue augmentation.
Transformaciones del espacio público en la ciudad latinoamericana: cambios espaciales y prácticas sociales (2005)

espanolEl espacio publico esta desapareciendo rapidamente, por causa de los procesos de globalizacion y privatizacion y tambien por las nuevas formas de control social; incluso las plazas, espacios civicos de las ciudades latinoamericanas, estan siendo cerradas, redisenadas y reglamentadas en formas que restringen sus usos sociales y politicos tradicionales. Este articulo presenta el caso del Parque Central de San Jose de Costa Rica, analizando un conflicto contemporaneo relativo al diseno y uso de este importante espacio publico urbano. Al mismo tiempo, a partir del caso de la Plaza de la Cultura, inaugurada recientemente en la misma ciudad, se explora el modo en que los objetivos artisticos y economicos de sus creadores no satisfacen las necesidades de los usuarios de la plaza, pero se acomodan a las del creciente comercio turistico. En esta discusion, las preocupaciones de los usuarios son contrastadas con las intenciones de los disenadores y oficiales gubernamentales, en orden a iluminar como el conflicto entre el valor representacional y de uso del espacio publico es resuelto en un contexto especifico. EnglishPublic space is rapidly disappearing either through the processes of globalization and privatization, or through new forms of social control such as policing and video surveillance. Even plazas, the central, civic spaces of Latin American cities, are being closed, redesigned, and regimented in ways that restrict their traditional social and political uses. To illustrate I present the history of Parque Central, the central plaza in downtown San Jose, Costa Rica, and analyze a contemporary conflict concerning the design of the kiosk (a bandstand in the center of the space), and the results of remodeling this traditional urban space. In a second example, the Plaza de la Cultura �a recently designed plaza in the same city- I explore how the artistic and economic goals of its creators do not meet the needs of plaza users, but instead accommodate the needs of the growing tourist trade. In this discussion the concerns of the users are contrasted with the intentions of the designers and government officials, in order to highlight how the conflict between representational and use value of public space is worked out in a specific context
Antibody–fluorescein conjugates for photoimmunodiagnosis of human colon carcinoma in nude mice (1991)

To improve the detectability of tumors by light-induced fluorescence, the use of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) as carriers of fluorescent molecules was studied. As a model for this approach, the biodistribution of an anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) MoAb coupled to fluorescein was studied in mice bearing a human colon carcinoma xenograft. In vitro, such conjugates with fluorescein-MoAb molar ratios ranging from four to 19, doubly labeled with 125I, showed more than 82% binding to immobilized CEA. In vivo, conjugates with a fluorescein-MoAb molar ratio of ten or less resulted in a tumor uptake of more than 30% of the injected dose of radioactivity per gram tumor at 24 hours. Tumor to liver, kidney, and muscle ratios of 20, 30 and 72, respectively, were obtained 48 hours after injection of the 125I-MoAb-(fluorescein)10 conjugate. The highest fluorescence intensity was always obtained for the tumor with the anti-CEA MoAb conjugate; whereas in control mice injected with fluoresceinated control immunoglobulin G1, no detectable increase in tumor fluorescence was observed. To compare these results with a classically used dye, mice bearing the same xenografts received 60 micrograms of Photofrin II. The intensity of the fluorescence signal of the tumor with this amount of Photofrin II was eight times lower than that obtained after an injection of 442 ng of fluorescein coupled with 20 micrograms of MoAb, which gave an absolute amount of fluorescein localized in the tumor of up to 125 ng/g of tumor. These results illustrate the possibility of improving the specificity of in vivo tumor localization of dyes for laser-induced fluorescence photodetection and phototherapy by coupling them to MoAb directed against tumor markers.
Recent Advances in Predictive Understanding of Respiratory Tract Deposition (2008)

Accurate prediction of respiratory tract deposition is important in gauging the health risks of ambient bioaerosols and environmental aerosols, as well as in developing pharmaceutical aerosols for drug delivery. The present article highlights recent advances in the prediction of total, extrathoracic, and lung deposition fractions of inhaled aerosols over a broad range of parameters for both oral and nasal breathing. These advances build on recent data from in vivo and in vitro studies that have benefited from recent improvements in high-resolution imaging, rapid prototyping, and computational simulation abilities that have significantly enhanced the current understanding of respiratory tract deposition. It is anticipated that the relatively simple equations for predicting total or whole lung deposition that follow from the recent work discussed herein will allow for improved correlation between respiratory tract deposition and a wide range of health outcomes.
Biochemical and Structural Analysis of the IgE Binding Sites on Ara h1, an Abundant and Highly Allergenic Peanut Protein (1998)

Allergy to peanut is a significant IgE-mediated health problem because of the high prevalence, potential severity, and chronicity of the reaction. Ara h1, an abundant peanut protein, is recognized by serum IgE from >90% of peanut-sensitive individuals. It has been shown to belong to the vicilin family of seed storage proteins and to contain 23 linear IgE binding epitopes. In this communication, we have determined the critical amino acids within each of the IgE binding epitopes of Ara h1 that are important for immunoglobulin binding. Surprisingly, substitution of a single amino acid within each of the epitopes led to loss of IgE binding. In addition, hydrophobic residues appeared to be most critical for IgE binding. The position of each of the IgE binding epitopes on a homology-based molecular model of Ara h1 showed that they were clustered into two main regions, despite their more even distribution in the primary sequence. Finally, we have shown that Ara h1 forms a stable trimer by the use of a reproducible fluorescence assay. This information will be important in studies designed to reduce the risk of peanut-induced anaphylaxis by lowering the IgE binding capacity of the allergen.
Tailoring the temperature and strain coefficients of Type I and Type IA dual grating sensors—the impact of hydrogenation conditions (2006)

We report experimental findings for tailoring the temperature and strain coefficients of Type I and Type IA fibre Bragg gratings by influencing the photosensitivity presensitization of the host optical fibre. It is shown that by controlling the level of hydrogen saturation, via hot and cold hydrogenation, it is possible to produce gratings with lower thermal coefficients. Furthermore, there is a larger difference between the Type I and Type IA thermal coefficients and a significant improvement in the matrix condition number, which impacts the ability to recover accurate temperature and strain data using the Type 1-1A dual grating sensor.
Plasma delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations and clinical effects after oral and intravenous administration and smoking (1980)

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was given intravenously, by smoking, and by mouth to 11 healthy subjects. Plasma profiles of THC after smoking and intravenous injection were similar whereas plasma levels after oral doses were low and irregular, indicating slow and erratic absorption. Based on AUC0-360 min systemic availability of THC after smoking was estimated to be 18 +/- 6%. Oral THC in a chocolate cookie provided systemic availability of 6 +/- 3%. Of the two major clinical signs of cannabis intoxication, reddened conjunctivae persisted for as long as THC levels were above 5 ng/ml, and tachycardia was a less reliable measurement of prevailing THC levels or "high." The time courses of plasma concentrations and clinical "high" were of the same order for intravenous injection and smoking, with prompt onset and steady decline over a 4-hr period. The appearance of "high" lagged behind the increase in plasma concentrations, suggesting that brain concentrations were increasing as plasma concentrations decreased. After oral THC, the onset of clinical effects was much slower and lasted longer, but effects occurred at much lower plasma concentrations than after the other two methods of administration.
Purification and characterization of the acyl carrier protein of the Streptomyces glaucescens tetracenomycin C polyketide synthase (1992)

The acyl carrier protein (ACP) of the tetracenomycin C polyketide synthase, encoded by the tcmM gene, has been expressed in both Streptomyces glaucescens and Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Expression of the tcmM gene in E. coli results mainly in the TcmM apo-ACP, whereas expression in S. glaucescens yields solely the holo-ACP. The purified holo-TcmM is active in a malonyl coenzyme A:ACP transacylase assay and is labeled by radioactive beta-alanine, confirming that it carries a 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group.
Cadherins (1992)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
Limited Exercise Capacity in Heterozygous Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene–Knockout Mice (2005)

These results suggest that exercise capacity is reduced in conditions in which superoxide anion is increased, and this is associated with a greater increase in whole-body oxygen consumption in SOD2+/- compared with SOD2+/+.
Structural Modules of the Large Subunits of RNA Polymerase (1996)

The beta and beta' subunits of Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase are highly conserved throughout eubacterial and eukaryotic kingdoms. However, in some archaebacteria and chloroplasts, the corresponding sequences are "split" into smaller polypeptides that are encoded by separate genes. To test if such split sites can be accommodated into E. coli RNA polymerase, subunit fragments encoded by the segments of E. coli rpoB and rpoC genes corresponding to archaebacterial and chloroplast split subunits were individually overexpressed. The purified fragments, when mixed in vitro with complementing intact RNA polymerase subunits, yielded an active enzyme capable of catalyzing the phosphodiester bond formation. Thus, the large subunits of eubacteria and eukaryotes are composed of independent structural modules corresponding to the smaller subunits of archaebacteria and chloroplasts.
KL-divergence regularized deep neural network adaptation for improved large vocabulary speech recognition (2013)

We propose a novel regularized adaptation technique for context dependent deep neural network hidden Markov models (CD-DNN-HMMs). The CD-DNN-HMM has a large output layer and many large hidden layers, each with thousands of neurons. The huge number of parameters in the CD-DNN-HMM makes adaptation a challenging task, esp. when the adaptation set is small. The technique developed in this paper adapts the model conservatively by forcing the senone distribution estimated from the adapted model to be close to that from the unadapted model. This constraint is realized by adding Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) regularization to the adaptation criterion. We show that applying this regularization is equivalent to changing the target distribution in the conventional backpropagation algorithm. Experiments on Xbox voice search, short message dictation, and Switchboard and lecture speech transcription tasks demonstrate that the proposed adaptation technique can provide 2%-30% relative error reduction against the already very strong speaker independent CD-DNN-HMM systems using different adaptation sets under both supervised and unsupervised adaptation setups.
The Unstoppable Connexin43 Carboxyl‐Terminus (2006)

Intercellular connectivity mediated by gap junctions (GJs) composed of connexin43 (Cx43) is critical to the function of excitable tissues such as the heart and brain. Disruptions to Cx43 GJ organization are thought to be a factor in cardiac arrhythmias and are also implicated in epilepsy. This article is based on a presentation to the 4th Larry and Horti Fairberg Workshop on Interactive and Integrative Cardiology and summarizes the work of Gourdie and his lab on Cx43 GJs in the heart. Background and perspective of recently published studies on the function of Cx43-interacting protein zonula occludens-(ZO)-1 in determining the organization of GJ plaques are provided. In addition how a peptide containing a PDZ-binding sequence of Cx43, developed as part of the work on cardiac GJ organization is also described, which has led to evidence for novel and unexpected roles for Cx43 in modulating healing following tissue injury.
An examination of the efficiency of the sequential parallel design in psychiatric clinical trials (2007)

The new design reduces sample size which in turn should reduce the cost of clinical trials. Further refinements of the design are possible including alternative test statistics and incorporation of additional data from placebo responders.