gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulated expression of the chicken ovalbumin gene in a human estrogen-responsive cell line. (1983)

To study the regulation of expression of the chicken ovalbumin gene by steroid hormones, the entire ovalbumin gene and its flanking sequences were cloned together with the bacterial gene for xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase in plasmid pBR322. This recombinant plasmid was linearized and used to transform an estrogen-responsive breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) which was shown to possess estrogen receptors and to be estrogen responsive. Transformants were selected by their ability to grow in a medium containing mycophenolic acid and xanthine. The entire ovalbumin gene was integrated into high molecular weight DNA within all transformants analyzed and it retained its original sequence organization. Ovalbumin mRNA and protein were identified from these transformant cells and they were found to be indistinguishable from the authentic counterparts. An 8- to 10-fold increase in the amount of ovalbumin mRNA was observed to be present in cells cultured in 10(-8)M estradiol. We also constructed a hybrid gene containing the 5'-flanking sequence and the first exon of the ovalbumin gene which was linked to the xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene such that expression of this bacterial gene would be promoted and regulated by the chicken sequences. After introduction of this hybrid gene into MCF-7 cells, we observed that the survival of the transformed cells in our selection medium was highly dependent on the presence of estradiol. Our results indicated that the chicken ovalbumin sequence was expressed properly and was regulated to some extent by estradiol in this heterologous system.
Encrypted ultra-fast image transmission using an OTDM/WDM scheme (2003)

We propose an encryption process in ultra-fast image transmission using an OTDM/WDM scheme. We use a spatial time–frequency transform filter for time-to-2D-space conversion as a secret key. The simulation of this encryption process and preliminary experiments are demonstrated. It is shown that the security strength of this method increases exponentially as the number of pixels increases.
An ERCC5 gene with homology to yeast RAD2 is involved in group G xeroderma pigmentosum. (1994)

We have isolated a human excision repair gene ERCC5 which complements the defect of the mouse UV-sensitive mutant XL216 (rodent complementation group 5). Here we report cDNA cloning of human and mouse ERCC5 genes using an exon containing an ERCC5 fragment as a probe. The ERCC5 cDNA encodes a predicted 133-kDa nuclear protein that shares some homology with the product of the yeast DNA repair gene RAD2. Transfection with mouse ERCC5 cDNA restored normal levels of UV resistance to XL216 cells. Microinjection of ERCC5 cDNA specifically restored the defect of xeroderma pigmentosum group G cells (XP-G) as measured by unscheduled DNA synthesis, and XP-G cells stably transformed with ERCC5 cDNA showed nearly normal UV resistance.
Interactive case study companion to Robbins pathologic basis of disease (1999)

This CD-ROM presents 99 clinical cases and approximately 1500 images that cover a full range of topics in general and systemic pathology. For each case, you'll find a brief clinical description, followed by a number of photomicrographs, radiographs, and gross specimen photos...further details of the case under discussion and pathology knowledge. Answers are provided, along with references to relevant chapters in Cotran et al.: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 6/e and Kumar et al.: Basic Pathology, 6/e. Features: * 99 Clinical Case Studies organised by organ system. * Over 150 interactive illustrations: Gross pathology, Photomicrographs, Radiographs, Click on photo to identify structures. * Questions on each case. * Clicking on Answer provides short explanation, referenced to both Cotran et al.: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 6/e and Kumar et al.: Basic Pathology, 6/e. * Simple navigation - no learning curve required to use program. * Multi-User version available. * Single-User version priced for individual student purchase.
Synthesis of highly enantiomerically enriched cyclic amines by the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of cyclic imines (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of highly enantiomerically enriched cyclic amines by the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of cyclic iminesChristopher A. Willoughby and Stephen L. BuchwaldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 27, 7627–7629Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00079a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00079a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1207Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Sequence analysis of the beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase gene of Vibrio vulnificus: evidence for a common evolutionary origin of hexosaminidases. (1993)

DNA cloned from the marine bacterium Vibrio vulnificus into Escherichia coli HB101 can hydrolyze chitin oligomer analogs in the recipient. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned DNA was determined and a single long open reading frame of 2541 base pairs (initiation codon through termination codon) was found. The nucleotide sequence predicts a gene product of 847 amino acids and a molecular mass of 94.3 kDa. In vitro transcription and translation analyses indicated a single protein of 94 kDa encoded by the cloned DNA. The gene product hydrolyzes methylumbelliferyl beta-D conjugates of chitotriose, chitobiose, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylgalactosamine and has, therefore, been termed a beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase. The predicted protein shares a high degree of sequence similarity with the chitobiase of Vibrio harveyi and limited similarity with the alpha chain of human beta-hexosaminidase. Cluster analyses suggest a common evolutionary ancestor for all known hexosaminidase enzymes, with no detectable relationship to known chitinases.
Acinetobacter baumannii invades epithelial cells and outer membrane protein A mediates interactions with epithelial cells (2008)

A. baumannii adheres to and invades epithelial cells. AbOmpA plays a major role in the interactions with epithelial cells. These findings contribute to the understanding of A. baumannii pathogenesis in the early stage of bacterial infection.
Molecular analysis of the role of two aromatic aminotransferases and a broad‐specificity aspartate aminotransferase in the aromatic amino acid metabolism of Pyrococcus furiosus (2002)

The genes encoding aromatic aminotransferase II (AroAT II) and aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) from Pyrococcus furiosus have been identified, expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant proteins characterized. The AroAT II enzyme was specific for the transamination reaction of the aromatic amino acids, and uses a-ketoglutarate as the amino acceptor. Like the previously characterized AroAT I, AroAT II has highest efficiency for phenylalanine (k(cat)/Km = 923 s(-1) mM(-1)). Northern blot analyses revealed that AroAT I was mainly expressed when tryptone was the primary carbon and energy source. Although the expression was significantly lower, a similar trend was observed for AroAT II. These observations suggest that both AroATs are involved in amino acid degradation. Although AspAT exhibited highest activity with aspartate and alpha-ketoglutarate (k(cat) approximately 105 s(-1)), it also showed significant activity with alanine, glutamate and the aromatic amino acids. With aspartate as the amino donor, AspAT catalyzed the amination of alpha-ketoglutarate, pyruvate and phenyl-pyruvate. No activity was detected with either branched-chain amino acids or alpha-keto acids. The AspAT gene (aspC) was expressed as a polycistronic message as part of the aro operon, with expression observed only when the aromatic amino acids were absent from the growth medium, indicating a role in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids.
Impact of photodetector nonlinearities on photonic analog-to-digital converters (2003)

Summary from only given. Photodetector nonlinearities can limit the performance of high-dynamic-range analog optical systems. For systems that use short optical pulses to process or transmit analog information, this limitation is magnified due to the higher peak intensity at the photodetector input. In this paper, we examine the trade-off between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and linearity in optically sampled analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) due to saturation of the photodetector responsivity.
ChemInform Abstract: First Total Synthesis of Girolline. (1990)

Abstract The title compound (VIII) is isolated from the sponge Pseudaxinyssa cantharella.
Ceramic‐Based Composite Solid Electrolyte for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2015)

Solid-state electrolytes such as lithium ion conducting ceramic or solid polymers have been studied as substitutes for liquid electrolytes, but critical problems exist at the interfacial resistance between the solid electrode and the solid electrolyte. In this study, we combined 80 wt % Li<sub>1.3</sub> Ti<sub>1.7</sub> Al<sub>0.3</sub> (PO<sub>4</sub> )<sub>3</sub> (LTAP) as a lithium ion conducting ceramic with 10 wt % of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) as a binder, and 10 wt % 1 M LiPF<sub>6</sub> in ethyl carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (EC/DMC) to develop a new composite electrolyte. The ceramic-based composite electrolyte showed thermal stability and high ionic conductivity through reduction of the interface resistance. The lithium ion conductivity of the composite electrolyte was 8.9×10<sup>-4</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> at room temperature without leakage. Electrochemical tests of the Li<sub>1+x</sub> Mn<sub>2</sub> O<sub>4</sub> -LTAP-based composite electrolyte-Li<sub>1-x</sub> Mn<sub>2</sub> O<sub>4</sub> cell showed that the composite could be utilized as a potential electrolyte for high-safety lithium-ion batteries.
An architecture for content analysis of documents and its use in information and knowledge management tasks (1998)

We present a generalised architecture for document content management, with particular emphasis on component functionalities and reconfigurability for different content management tasks. Natural language technologies are encapsulated in separate modules, which then can be customised and tailored for the specific requirements of the type of document, depth of analysis, and detail of output representation, of different document analysis systems. The versatility of the architecture is illustrated by configuring it for two diverse tasks: analysing technical manuals to instantiate databases for on-line assistance, and deriving topically-rich abstractions of content of arbitrary news stories.
A gene-alteration profile of human lung cancer cell lines (2009)

Aberrant proteins encoded from genes altered in tumors drive cancer development and may also be therapeutic targets. Here we derived a comprehensive gene-alteration profile of lung cancer cell lines. We tested 17 genes in a panel of 88 lung cancer cell lines and found the rates of alteration to be higher than previously thought. Nearly all cells feature inactivation at TP53 and CDKN2A or RB1, whereas BRAF, MET, ERBB2, and NRAS alterations were infrequent. A preferential accumulation of alterations among histopathological types and a mutually exclusive occurrence of alterations of CDKN2A and RB1 as well as of KRAS, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), NRAS, and ERBB2 were seen. Moreover, in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), concomitant activation of signal transduction pathways known to converge in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was common. Cells with single activation of ERBB2, PTEN, or MET signaling showed greater sensitivity to cell-growth inhibition induced by erlotinib, LY294002, and PHA665752, respectively, than did cells featuring simultaneous activation of these pathways, underlining the need for combined therapeutic strategies in targeted cancer treatments. In conclusion, our gene-alteration landscape of lung cancer cell lines provides insights into how gene alterations accumulate and biological pathways interact in cancer.
Rapid and efficient homing of human CD34+CD38−/lowCXCR4+stem and progenitor cells to the bone marrow and spleen of NOD/SCID and NOD/SCID/B2mnull mice (2001)

Stem cell homing into the bone microenvironment is the first step in the initiation of marrow-derived blood cells. It is reported that human severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) repopulating cells home and accumulate rapidly, within a few hours, in the bone marrow and spleen of immunodeficient mice previously conditioned with total body irradiation. Primitive CD34(+)CD38(-/low)CXCR4(+) cells capable of engrafting primary and secondary recipient mice selectively homed to the bone marrow and spleen, whereas CD34(-)CD38(-/low)Lin(-) cells were not detected. Moreover, whereas freshly isolated CD34(+)CD38(+/high) cells did not home, in vivo stimulation with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as part of the mobilization process, or in vitro stem cell factor stimulation for 2 to 4 days, potentiated the homing capabilities of cytokine-stimulated CD34(+)CD38(+) cells. Homing of enriched human CD34(+) cells was inhibited by pretreatment with anti-CXCR4 antibodies. Moreover, primitive CD34(+)CD38(-/low)CXCR4(+) cells also homed in response to a gradient of human stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), directly injected into the bone marrow or spleen of nonirradiated NOD/SCID mice. Homing was also inhibited by pretreatment of CD34(+) cells with antibodies for the major integrins VLA-4, VLA-5, and LFA-1. Pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of signals mediated by Galpha(i) proteins, inhibited SDF-1-mediated in vitro transwell migration but not adhesion or in vivo homing of CD34(+) cells. Homing of human CD34(+) cells was also blocked by chelerythrine chloride, a broad-range protein kinase C inhibitor. This study reveals rapid and efficient homing to the murine bone marrow by primitive human CD34(+)CD38(-/low)CXCR4(+) cells that is integrin mediated and depends on activation of the protein kinase C signal transduction pathway by SDF-1.
Antimicrobial resistance—a threat to the world’s sustainable development (2016)

This commentary examines how specific sustainable development goals (SDGs) are affected by antimicrobial resistance and suggests how the issue can be better integrated into international policy processes. Moving beyond the importance of effective antibiotics for the treatment of acute infections and health care generally, we discuss how antimicrobial resistance also impacts on environmental, social, and economic targets in the SDG framework. The paper stresses the need for greater international collaboration and accountability distribution, and suggests steps towards a broader engagement of countries and United Nations agencies to foster global intersectoral action on antimicrobial resistance.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic, Spectroscopic, and X‐Ray Crystallographic Studies on Binuclear Copper(II) Complexes with a Tridentate NNS‐Bonding 2‐Formylpyridine Thiosemicarbazone Ligand. Characterization of Both Neutral and Deprotonated Coordinated Ligand Structures. (1987)

Abstract The preparation of the complexes (I) occurs by interaction of 2‐formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone HL with the appropriate Cu(II) salt or by reaction of an HL‐KX mixture (X: Br, I) with Cu(II) acetate monohydrate.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in octogenarians (2014)

Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Head and Neck Program at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Synthesis and Formation Mechanism of Aminated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (2012)

We report the room temperature formation of aminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH2-MSNs) by means of co-condensation of different molar ratios of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) in the synthesis feed. The resulting materials are characterized by a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements. Analysis reveals that an increase in APTES loading (mol %) leads to structural transitions in the MSNs from hexagonal (0–49 mol %) to cubic Pm3̅n (54–64 mol %) to disordered at very high APTES amounts (69 mol %). Investigation of structural evolution during cubic Pm3̅n particle synthesis reveals early particle formation stages that are surprisingly similar to those discussed in recent literature on nonclassical single crystal growth. These include significant heterogeneities in particle density despite crystallographic orientation across the entire particle as well as particle growth via addition of preformed and prestructured silica clusters. Syntheses at varying pH reveal further details of the structure formation process. The results pose fundamental questions about the relation between formation mechanisms of classical crystalline materials and mesoscopically ordered, locally amorphous materials.
Characterization of thread proteins expressed in neuroectodermal tumors. (1993)

Neuronal thread protein is a novel 21-kDa protein that accumulates in brains with Alzheimer's disease and exhibits developmentally associated changes in the level of expression. Recently, we discovered that primary human primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNETs), malignant astrocytomas, and several human PNET and glioblastoma cell lines also express thread protein immunoreactivity. However, in addition to the 21-kDa species, there are approximately 17- and approximately 14-kDa thread protein-immunoreactive molecules expressed in both PNET and glioblastoma cell lines and a fourth approximately 8-kDa thread protein detected in glioblastoma cell lines. Metabolic labeling studies demonstrated that the 21-kDa thread proteins are phosphorylated, whereas the approximately 17-, approximately 14-, and approximately 8-kDa thread proteins are not. Glycosylated residues were not detected in either the PNET- or glioblastoma-derived thread proteins. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, we observed differences between PNET and glioblastoma cells suggesting that the thread proteins expressed in neuronal and glial cells are distinct. The levels of thread protein immunoreactivity in both PNET and glial cells were highest during the log phase of cell growth and lowest in serum-starved, nonproliferating cultures. The findings suggest that there are several distinct neuronal and glial derived thread proteins expressed in the central nervous system and that their levels of expression may be modulated with cell growth.
SONET: now it's the standard optical network (2002)

The authors discuss aspects of the SONET (synchronous optical network) standards and standardization process, both national and international, that they consider to be of particular interest. Restricting their attention to the standard dealing with rates and formats, they consider the SONET signal hierarchy, overhead channels, multiplexing, STS-1 payload pointer, sub-STS-1 payloads, and optical interface parameters. They include a brief history of the SONET standard and an outline of future work. >
Application of a mandibular nerve block using an indwelling catheter for intractable cancer pain (2004)

We report a case in which a mandibular nerve block using an indwelling catheter was employed for pain management in a terminal case of orofacial cancer. The patient was a 74-year-old female weighing 27 kg. She had a 27-month history of mouth floor and tongue cancer. The cancer recurred and spread to bilateral face and neck. The severest pain mainly originated from the right mandibular region. Two steps of pain relief were performed for the patient. First, pain control using 1% lidocaine or 0.25% bupivacaine administered intermittently or continuously through an indwelling catheter in the mandibular nerve was performed for 1 week to estimate the amount of pain relief thereby obtained. Second, a neurolytic block was applied to the mandibular nerve through the catheter. After the neurolytic block, the total dosage of morphine and diclofenac remained unchanged for 2 months. We conclude from the present case that this technique is an excellent means of obtaining long-term pain control in patients with intractable orofacial cancer pain.
Novel DOTA-Neurotensin Analogues for 111In Scintigraphy and 68Ga PET Imaging of Neurotensin Receptor-Positive Tumors (2011)

Overexpression of the high affinity neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1), demonstrated in several human cancers, has been proposed as a new marker for human ductal pancreatic carcinoma and as an independent factor for poor prognosis for ductal breast cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. The aim of the present study was to develop new DOTA-neurotensin analogues for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with (68)Ga and for targeted radiotherapy with (90)Y or (177)Lu. We synthesized a DOTA-neurotensin analogue series. Two of these peptides bear two sequence modifications for metabolic stability: DOTA-NT-20.3 shares the same peptide sequence as the previously described DTPA-NT-20.3. In the sequence of DOTA-NT-20.4, the Arg(8)-Arg(9) bond was N-methylated instead of the Pro(7)-Arg(8) bond in DOTA-NT-20.3. An additional sequence modification was introduced in DOTA-LB119 to increase stability. A spacer was added between DOTA and the peptide sequence to increase affinity. Binding to HT29 cells, which express NTSR1, in vivo stability, and biodistribution of the various analogues were compared, and the best candidate was used to image tumors of various sizes with the microPET in mice. (111)In-DOTA-NT-20.3, in spite of a relatively high uptake in kidneys, showed specific tumor uptake and elevated tumor to other organ uptake ratios. High contrast images were obtained at early time points after injection that allowed tumor detection at a time interval postinjection appropriate for imaging with the short-lived radionuclide (68)Ga. (111)In-DOTA-NT-20.4 displayed inferior binding to HT29 cells and reduced tumor uptake. (111)In-DOTA-LB119 displayed at early time points a significantly lower renal uptake but also a lower tumor uptake than (111)In-DOTA-NT-20.3, although binding to HT29 cells was similar. (68)Ga-DOTA-NT-20.3 displayed higher tumor uptake than (68)Ga-DOTA-LB119 and allowed the detection of very small tumors by PET. In conclusion, DOTA-NT-20.3 is a promising candidate for (68)Ga-PET imaging of neurotensin receptor-positive tumors. DOTA-NT-20.3 may also be considered for therapy, as the yttrium-labeled peptide has higher affinity than that of the indium-labeled one. A prerequisite for therapeutic application of this neurotensin analogue would be to lower kidney uptake, for example, by infusion of basic amino acids, gelofusin, or albumin fragments, to prevent nephrotoxicity, as with radiolabeled somatostatin analogues.