gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of human spleen dendritic cell phenotype and distribution reveals evidence of in vivo activation in a subset of organ donors (2001)

Although the mouse spleen dendritic cell (DC) is perhaps the most intensively studied DC type, little has been published concerning its human equivalent. In this report, rare event flow cytometry and in situ immunofluorescence were used to study the surface phenotype and distribution of HLA-DR(+) CD3(-)14(-)16(-)19(-) human spleen DC. Spleens from organ donors with different clinical histories were used. Most (81% +/- 9%; n = 14) spleen DCs expressed high levels of the integrin CD11c. CD11c(+) DCs were distributed in 3 distinct regions-the peri-arteriolar T-cell zones, the B-cell zones, and the marginal zone, where they formed a ring of cells surrounding the white pulp, just inside a ring of CD14(+) red pulp macrophages, apparently more regularly organized than the previously described marginating DC population in the mouse spleen. The T-cell zones contained CD86(+) DCs, among which a subpopulation expressed CD83. These mature/activated CD86(+) DCs represented a minority (12% +/- 8%) of total spleen DCs in most organ donors: most spleen DCs are immature. In 3 of 18 (17%) donors, however, most (54%-81%) of spleen DCs were CD86(+), suggesting that in vivo DC activation had occurred. In one donor, a radical shift in DC distribution from the marginal zone to the T-cell zones was also observed. This activation of spleen DCs in vivo was reminiscent of the effects of experimental microbial product injection in mice, and it seemed to correlate with bacterial infection or multiple trauma. (Blood. 2001;97:3470-3477)
The First l-Iduronic Acid-Type 1-N-Iminosugars Having Inhibitory Activity of Experimental Metastasis (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe First l-Iduronic Acid-Type 1-N-Iminosugars Having Inhibitory Activity of Experimental MetastasisYoshio Nishimura, Takahiko Satoh, Hayamitsu Adachi, Shinichi Kondo, Tomio Takeuchi, Masayuki Azetaka, Harumi Fukuyasu, and Yumiko IizukaView Author Information Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd. 760 Morooka-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222, JapanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12, 3051–3052Publication Date (Web):March 27, 1996Publication History Received28 November 1995Published online27 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja953989bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja953989brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cancer,Cells,Inhibition,Inhibitors,Membranes Get e-Alerts
Model studies for the synthesis of quassinoids. 1. Construction of the BCE ring system (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModel studies for the synthesis of quassinoids. 1. Construction of the BCE ring systemGeorge A. Kraus and Michael J. TaschnerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 6, 1175–1176Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01294a058https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01294a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3594Altmetric-Citations308LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of red blood cell concentration on hemostasis and thrombus formation in a primate model (1990)

Because the effects of red blood cell (RBC) concentration on hemostasis and thrombus formation have not been studied experimentally under conditions of whole blood flow without anti-coagulation, normal baboons were bled or transfused to obtain three different groups: a low hematocrit (Ht) group (20% less than Ht less than 25%), a normal Ht group (35% less than Ht less than 40%), and a high Ht group (50% less than Ht less than 55%). Measurements of platelet count, bleeding time, platelet aggregation, fibrinogen level, and coagulation time (APTT) were equivalent to normal values in each group. Thrombus formation was induced using a device composed of collagen-coated tubing followed by two sequentially placed expansion chambers designed to exhibit flow recirculation and stasis. The device was exposed for up to 40 minutes in an arterio-venous shunt system. Wall shear rates in the tubular collagen segment were 100 seconds-1 and 500 to 750 seconds-1. The accumulation of 111In-platelets and 125I-fibrinogen/fibrin was measured radioisotopically; RBC incorporation was determined from measurements of total thrombus hemoglobin. Thrombus that formed on the collagen substrate was rich in platelets and poor in fibrin and RBCs. Under high flow conditions, thrombus composition showed no dependence on Ht. Surprisingly, under low flow conditions, platelet thrombus volume was negatively correlated with Ht (r = -.73, P = .005), and was increased by greater than twofold in the low Ht group as compared with the high Ht group. Thrombus that formed in the disturbed flow regions contained relatively few platelets but was rich in fibrin and RBCs. The predominant finding was a positive correlation between RBC incorporation and Ht at both high and low shear rates (r = .90, P = .00003; and r = .77, P = .002, respectively), with thrombus volume increasing three- to sixfold between the low and high Ht groups. Thus, in vivo variations in Ht ranging between 20% and 55% did not affect hemostasis, but were found either to promote or inhibit the net accumulation of thrombus, depending on local flow conditions.
Identification of 3H-Naphtho[1,2,3-de]quinoline-2,7-diones as Inhibitors of Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1) (2011)

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) has recently emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac and neurodegenerative disorders. The selective inhibitors of ASK1 may become important compounds for the development of clinical agents. We have identified the ASK1 inhibitor among 3H-naphtho[1,2,3-de]quinoline-2,7-diones using receptor-based virtual screening. In vitro kinase assay revealed that ethyl 2,7-dioxo-2,7-dihydro-3H-naphtho[1,2,3-de]quinoline-1-carboxylate (NQDI-1) inhibited ASK1 with a K(i) of 500 nM. The competitive character of inhibition is demonstrated in Lineweaver-Burk plots. In our preliminary selectivity study this compound exhibited strong specific inhibitory activity toward ASK1.
New monoclonal antibody enzymoassay for the specific measurement of placental ferritin isotype in hematologic malignancies. (1987)

A new enzymoimmunoassay, specific for the measurement of placental ferritin (PLF) isotype, has been described. Two monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) with different binding specificities to placental ferritin have been used in this assay. One antibody (CM-G-8) binds to all ferritins, whereas the second (CM-H-9) binds to placental ferritin only. In addition, a second enzymoassay was developed for the measurement of total common serum ferritin using CM-G-8 McAb. Serum levels of total ferritin and PLF were measured in healthy individuals and in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases and multiple myeloma. The majority of normal subjects were deficient in PLF in the serum. Increased serum levels of PLF were observed in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of low and intermediate grades, as well as in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Total ferritin was also elevated in these patients. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma patients exhibited normal levels of common serum ferritin, whereas PLF in the serum was lacking.
Use of Vitamin B12 Conjugates to Deliver Protein Drugs by the Oral Route (1998)

The treatment of patients with most peptide and protein pharmaceuticals must currently be performed by injection, with the accompanying disadvantages of patient discomfort, increased medical costs, and reduced patient compliance. It would be much easier and more acceptable if these drugs could be given by the oral route. Unfortunately, this route cannot be used with most proteins and with peptides due to both the degradation of these molecules within the intestine and their poor uptake across the intestinal wall. In this review, an uptake system is described that potentially overcomes both these problems. This system relies upon the natural uptake mechanism for vitamin B12 to cotransport peptides and proteins linked to the vitamin B12 from the intestine to the circulation. In an exciting extension to this technology, it has been found that it is also possible to transport nanoparticles, linked to the vitamin B12, into the circulation. Such nanoparticles can potentially be loaded with peptides or proteins of choice, and so protect these molecules from degradation in the intestine, while simultaneously transporting them into the circulation. These findings are an important step in realizing the possibility of delivering almost all peptides and proteins via the oral route.
Terreic acid, a quinone epoxide inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (1999)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) plays pivotal roles in mast cell activation as well as in B cell development. Btk mutations lead to severe impairments in proinflammatory cytokine production induced by cross-linking of high-affinity IgE receptor on mast cells. By using an in vitro assay to measure the activity that blocks the interaction between protein kinase C and the pleckstrin homology domain of Btk, terreic acid (TA) was identified and characterized in this study. This quinone epoxide specifically inhibited the enzymatic activity of Btk in mast cells and cell-free assays. TA faithfully recapitulated the phenotypic defects of btk mutant mast cells in high-affinity IgE receptor-stimulated wild-type mast cells without affecting the enzymatic activities and expressions of many other signaling molecules, including those of protein kinase C. Therefore, this study confirmed the important roles of Btk in mast cell functions and showed the usefulness of TA in probing into the functions of Btk in mast cells and other immune cell systems. Another insight obtained from this study is that the screening method used to identify TA is a useful approach to finding more efficacious Btk inhibitors.
Statins and risk of polyneuropathy (2002)

Long-term exposure to statins may substantially increase the risk of polyneuropathy.
Activation of RET as a Dominant Transforming Gene by Germline Mutations of MEN2A and MEN2B (1995)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia types 2A and 2B (MEN2A and MEN2B) and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma are dominantly inherited cancer syndromes. All three syndromes are associated with mutations in RET, which encodes a receptor-like tyrosine kinase. The altered RET alleles were shown to be transforming genes in NIH 3T3 cells as a consequence of constitutive activation of the RET kinase. The MEN2A mutation resulted in RET dimerization at steady state, whereas the MEN2B mutation altered RET catalytic properties both quantitatively and qualitatively. Oncogenic conversion of RET in these neoplastic syndromes establishes germline transmission of dominant transforming genes in human cancer.
Peripheral Lung Adenocarcinoma: Correlation of Thin-Section CT Findings with Histologic Prognostic Factors and Survival (2001)

Thin-section CT findings of peripheral lung adenocarcinomas correlate well with histologic prognostic factors.
BRCA locus-specific loss of heterozygosity in germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers (2017)

Complete loss of BRCA1 or BRCA2 function is associated with sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. However, not all BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation-associated tumors respond. Herein we report analyses of 160 BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation-associated breast and ovarian tumors. Retention of the normal BRCA1 or BRCA2 allele (absence of locus-specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH)) is observed in 7% of BRCA1 ovarian, 16% of BRCA2 ovarian, 10% of BRCA1 breast, and 46% of BRCA2 breast tumors. These tumors have equivalent homologous recombination deficiency scores to sporadic tumors, significantly lower than scores in tumors with locus-specific LOH (ovarian, P = 0.0004; breast P < 0.0001, two-tailed Student's t-test). Absence of locus-specific LOH is associated with decreased overall survival in ovarian cancer patients treated with platinum chemotherapy (P = 0.01, log-rank test). Locus-specific LOH may be a clinically useful biomarker to predict primary resistance to DNA damaging agents in patients with germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.Most tumours associated with germline BRCA1/BRCA2 loss of function mutations respond to DNA damaging agents, however, some do not. Herein, the authors identify that a subset of breast/ovarian tumors retain a normal allele, which is associated with decreased overall survival after DNA damage-inducing platinum chemotherapy.
Current Topics in Smectic Liquid Crystal Research (2006)

Interest in the smectic liquid-crystalline state of matter received a substantial boost with the discovery by Meyer in the mid-1970s that a chiral smectic C (SmC*) phase exhibits a spontaneous electric polarization, and with the subsequent demonstration by Clark and Lagerwall of the surface-stabilized SmC* ferroelectric liquid crystal at the beginning of the 1980s. Since then, chiral smectic phases and their plethora of polar effects have dominated the research in this field, which today has reached a mature state where the first commercial microdisplay applications are now shipping in millions-per-year quantities. In this Review we discuss some of the topics of highest interest in current smectic liquid crystal research, and address application-relevant research (de Vries-type tilting transitions without defect generation and high-tilt antiferroelectric liquid crystals with perfect dark state) as well as more curiosity-driven research (the nature and origin of the chiral smectic C subphases and their intermediate frustrated states between ferro- and antiferroelectricity).
The toxicity outcome of silica nanoparticles (Ludox®) is influenced by testing techniques and treatment modalities (2012)

We analyzed the influence of the kind of cytotoxicity test and its application modality in defining the level of hazard of the in vitro exposures to nanostructures. We assessed the cytotoxicity induced by two different Ludox® silica nanoparticles (NPs), AS30 and SM30, on three human cell lines, CCD-34Lu, A549, and HT-1080. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed particle agglomeration when NPs are diluted in culture medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. We examined the impact of such particle aggregation on the cytotoxicity by exposing the cells to NPs under different treatment modalities: short incubation (2 h) in serum-free medium or long incubation (24-72 h) in serum-containing medium. Under this last modality, NP suspensions tended to form aggregates and were toxic at concentrations five- to tenfold higher than in serum-free medium. The results of cell survival varied considerably when the long-term clonogenic assay was performed to validate the data of the short-term MTS assay. Indeed, the half maximum effective concentrations (EC(50)) in all the three cell lines were four- to fivefold lower when calculated from the data of clonogenic assay than of MTS. Moreover, the mechanisms of NP toxicity were cell-type-specific, showing that CCD-34Lu are prone to the induction of plasma membrane damages and HT-1080 are prone to DNA double-strand break and apoptosis induction. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the choice of testing strategy and treatment conditions plays an important role in assessing the in vitro toxicity of NPs.
Fire resistance of timber structures. A report for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA . : Final report (2014)

Fire resistance of timber structures. A report for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA . : Final report
Termination of Respiratory Events with and without Cortical Arousal in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2011)

Respiratory events that were terminated with ASDA Arousal were more severely flow-limited, had enhanced hyperventilation after event termination, and were more often followed by secondary events than No arousal. However, secondary events were not associated with low dilator muscle activity and airflow was improved after both No Arousal and ASDA Arousal.
Androgen receptor as a targeted therapy for breast cancer. (2012)

Breast cancer occurs at a high frequency in women and, given this fact, a primary focus of breast cancer research has been the study of estrogen receptor α (ER) signaling. However, androgens are known to play a role in normal breast physiology and therefore androgen receptor (AR) signaling is becoming increasingly recognized as an important contributor towards breast carcinogenesis. Moreover, the high frequency of AR expression in breast cancer makes it an attractive therapeutic target, but the ability to exploit AR for therapy has been difficult. Here we review the historical use of androgen/anti-androgen therapies in breast cancer, the challenges of accurately modeling nuclear hormone receptor signaling in vitro, and the presence and prognostic significance of AR in breast cancer.
Apoptosis and Loss of Renal Tissue in Polycystic Kidney Diseases (1995)

Apoptotic loss of renal tissue may be associated with the progressive deterioration of renal function that occurs in patients with polycystic kidney disease.
The reaction product of peptidylglycine alpha-amidating enzyme is a hydroxyl derivative at alpha-carbon of the carboxyl-terminal glycine. (1990)

The peptidylglycine alpha-amidating enzyme catalyzes a reaction that transforms a carboxyl-terminal glycine-extended precursor into a carboxyl-terminal alpha-amidated peptide. We purified an alpha-amidating enzyme from equine serum by simplified steps including substrate affinity chromatography. With the purified enzyme, we detected an intermediate of the alpha-amidating reaction by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. The production of the intermediate required copper, oxygen, and ascorbate and increased linearly with incubation time. The structure of the intermediate was determined to be a hydroxyl derivative at the carboxyl-terminal glycine by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and by proton NMR. The intermediate was readily converted into an alpha-amidated product in alkaline conditions in a nonenzymic fashion. The nonenzymic conversion required no cofactor but was extremely accelerated by the addition of copper ion or at higher temperature. Our data suggest that the direct product of the alpha-amidating reaction is not an alpha-amidated peptide but a hydroxyl derivative at the alpha-carbon of the carboxyl-terminal glycine.
Structure and function of a cap-independent translation element that functions in either the 3′ or the 5′ untranslated region (2000)

Barley yellow dwarf virus RNA lacks both a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail, yet it is translated efficiently. It contains a cap-independent translation element (TE), located in the 3' UTR, that confers efficient translation initiation at the AUG closest to the 5' end of the mRNA. We propose that the TE must both recruit ribosomes and facilitate 3'-5' communication. To dissect its function, we determined the secondary structure of the TE and roles of domains within it. Nuclease probing and structure-directed mutagenesis revealed that the 105-nt TE (TE105) forms a cruciform secondary structure containing four helices connected by single-stranded regions. TE105 can function in either UTR in wheat germ translation extracts. A longer viral sequence (at most 869 nt) is required for full cap-independent translation in plant cells. However, substantial translation of uncapped mRNAs can be obtained in plant cells with TE105 combined with a poly(A) tail. All secondary structural elements and most primary sequences that were mutated are required for cap-independent translation in the 3' and 5' UTR contexts. A seven-base loop sequence was needed only in the 3' UTR context. Thus, this loop sequence may be involved only in communication between the UTRs and not directly in recruiting translational machinery. This structural and functional analysis provides a framework for understanding an emerging class of cap-independent translation elements distinguished by their location in the 3' UTR.
A 900-MHz 2.5-mA CMOS frequency synthesizer with an automatic SC tuning loop (2001)

A 900-MHz phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer implemented in a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS technology is developed for the wireless integrated network sensors applications. It incorporates an automatic switched-capacitor (SC) discrete-tuning loop to extend the overall frequency tuning range to 20%, while the VCO gain (K/sub VCO/) resulting from the CMOS varactor continuous-tuning is kept low at only 20 MHz/V in order to improve the reference spurs and noise performance. This frequency synthesizer achieves a phase noise of -102 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset frequency and reference spurs below -55 dBc. The synthesizer, including an on-chip VCO, dissipates only 2.5 mA from a 3-V supply.