gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability analysis of secure USB flash drives (2007)

USB flash drive without any security function causes the exposure of private information. So new USB flash drive supported security function was invented to compensate for the problem. In this paper, we analyze vulnerability of 6 famous secure USB flash drives, and demonstrate that password can be exposed on communication between the secure USB flash drive and PC. Also we show the vulnerability on the data recovery and the S/W bug of secure USB flash drive.
Recent Advances in the Search for the N-Opioidergic System: Morphological Studies of the Endomorphinergic Neurons in the Central Nervous System (2002)

Endomorphins (EMs) are newly found endogenous opioid peptides. Both endomorphin-1 (EM-1) and -2 (EM-2) are composed of four amino acids. Their high affinity and specificity for mu-opioid receptors have been confirmed by many physiological and pharmacological studies. In the present minireview, we discuss the distribution and localization of these peptides. While EM-2 is more prevalent in the spinal cord and lower brainstem, EM-1 is more widely and densely distributed throughout the brain than EM-2. We also discuss the possible coexistence of EM with other neurotransmitters. Finally, we introduce some new results regarding the ultrastructure and synaptic relationships of EM-2 obtained by the immunoelectron microscopic method.
Stabilizing the closed SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer (2021)

The trimeric spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary focus of most vaccine design and development efforts. Due to intrinsic instability typical of class I fusion proteins, S tends to prematurely refold to the post-fusion conformation, compromising immunogenic properties and prefusion trimer yields. To support ongoing vaccine development efforts, we report the structure-based design of soluble S trimers with increased yields and stabilities, based on introduction of single point mutations and disulfide-bridges. We identify regions critical for stability: the heptad repeat region 1, the SD1 domain and position 614 in SD2. We combine a minimal selection of mostly interprotomeric mutations to create a stable S-closed variant with a 6.4-fold higher expression than the parental construct while no longer containing a heterologous trimerization domain. The cryo-EM structure reveals a correctly folded, predominantly closed pre-fusion conformation. Highly stable and well producing S protein and the increased understanding of S protein structure will support vaccine development and serological diagnostics.
Holistic computer architectures based on application, user, and process characteristics (2007)

As we move into deeper sub-micron technologies, the complexity of pushing the circuit performance further is becoming an important obstacle. To achieve better performance, there is an increasing need for collaboration of higher level (e.g. microarchitecture-level) and circuit level optimizations. Traditionally for a computer system, applications lie at the top of the whole spectrum. Previously, researchers have looked into application characteristics to optimize the performance of the system. The ever-increasing need for improvement in system performance and power utilization led me to believe that we need to look beyond the application level to utilize the system resources more intelligently. Note that, the primary objective of a computing system is to satisfy the user's expectations. Previous researchers have worked into user satisfaction while interacting with a system. But their objective was to dynamically optimize the operating system behavior to satisfy the user. We believe that including individual user's preferences to optimize system hardware utilization would lead to better performance and power. The results presented in this work support this hypothesis. Additionally, analysis of the materials that lies at the lowermost end of the system spectrum opens up a number of opportunities to optimize the system performance. Every individual piece of hardware possesses unique properties even after going through the same manufacturing technology. Therefore, the one-size-fits-all approach of current DVFS schemes is suboptimal in the presence of process variations. We have proposed architectural optimization based on process characteristics of individual CPU. Circuit designers typically consider the worst case scenario to predict the default voltage properties of a processor chip. The hard constraint of reliability has created a gap between the default value and the threshold where a circuit can work flawlessly. We have shown that treating the correctness as an objective can improve the system performance with noted reductions in power consumption. The results obtained from these research works have led us to propose the idea of the holistic architecture.
Different Types and Rates of Genome Evolution Detected by Comparative Sequence Analysis of Orthologous Segments From Four Cereal Genomes (2002)

Orthologous regions in barley, rice, sorghum, and wheat were studied by bacterial artificial chromosome sequence analysis. General microcolinearity was observed for the four shared genes in this region. However, three genic rearrangements were observed. First, the rice region contains a cluster of 48 predicted small nucleolar RNA genes, but the comparable region from sorghum contains no homologous loci. Second, gene 2 was inverted in the barley lineage by an apparent unequal recombination after the ancestors of barley and wheat diverged, 11-15 million years ago (mya). Third, gene 4 underwent direct tandem duplication in a common ancestor of barley and wheat 29-41 mya. All four of the shared genes show the same synonymous substitution rate, but nonsynonymous substitution rates show significant variations between genes 4a and 4b, suggesting that gene 4b was largely released from the strong purifying selection that acts on gene 4a in both barley and wheat. Intergenic retrotransposon blocks, many of them organized as nested insertions, mostly account for the lower gene density of the barley and wheat regions. All but two of the retrotransposons were found in the regions between genes, while all but 2 of the 51 inverted repeat transposable elements were found as insertions in genic regions and outside the retrotransposon blocks.
Real-time American sign language recognition using desk and wearable computer based video (1998)

We present two real-time hidden Markov model-based systems for recognizing sentence-level continuous American sign language (ASL) using a single camera to track the user's unadorned hands. The first system observes the user from a desk mounted camera and achieves 92 percent word accuracy. The second system mounts the camera in a cap worn by the user and achieves 98 percent accuracy (97 percent with an unrestricted grammar). Both experiments use a 40-word lexicon.
ZD-0473 AstraZeneca. (2000)

ZD-0473 (formerly JM-473 and AMD-473) is a sterically hindered platinum (II) complex designed and synthesized by Johnson Matthey Technology and the Cancer Research Campaign (CRC) and under development as a potential treatment for cisplatin-resistant cancer. AstraZeneca is developing both an i.v. and an oral formulation of ZD-0473. In December 1999 the i.v. formulation entered phase II clinical trials for the potential treatment of solid tumors; the oral formulation is undergoing preclinical development [351298,349551]. AstraZeneca expects to file for registration of the drug in the fourth quarter of 2002 [377656]. Phase I clinical trials for the potential treatment of a range of solid tumors, including colorectal cancer were carried out jointly by AnorMED (a subsidiary of Johnson Matthey) and the CRC at the Royal Marsden Hospital, UK [301848,315489,337657]. AstraZeneca has licensed ZD-0473 from AnorMED and is responsible for the worldwide development of the drug beyond phase I trials [337540]. Phase I trials to determine the maximum tolerated dose in patients, the nature of the dose-limiting toxicity and the pharmacokinetics of the drug commenced in the US in November 1999 [347964]. In June 2000, Deutsche Bank predicted sales of US $15 million in 2003 [374500]. In March 1999, Lehman Brothers predicted a 15% probability that the drug would reach worldwide markets, and be launched onto the market in 2003 [336599].
Tunable long-wavelength vertical-cavity lasers: the engine of next generation optical networks? (2000)

The incredible growth of the Internet and data transmission are pushing the bandwidth requirements for fiber networks and expansion of metro and local area networks at an unprecedented pace. One of the key requirements for a great expansion of optical networks is low cost, high-performance tunable lasers that are easily packaged and coupled to fiber. The paper reviews the terrain of both materials and device technologies that are currently driving this optical revolution and speculates on the future directions and if a single, all encompassing technology, the "Holy Grail," might be realized by any of the contenders.
Stage-dependent expression of CD7, CD45RO, CD45RA and CD25 on CD4-positive peripheral blood T-lymphocytes in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (1996)

Flow cytometric analysis of T-cell surface markers in peripheral blood has revealed abnormal patterns in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). Here we investigated CD7, CD25, CD45RO and CD45RA expression on CD4+ T-lymphocytes in patients with CTCL stage I/II and III/IV and in patients with severe inflammatory skin diseases (ISD), as well as in healthy controls. Only late stage CTCL (III/IV) showed a lymphocytosis with a distinct surface marker pattern: CD3+, CD4+, CD8-, CD7-, CD45RO+, CD45RA-. Early stage CTCL (I/II) showed normal lymphocyte counts, a normal T-helper cell expression of CD7, CD45RO and CD45RA, and a slightly increased percentage of CD4+ CD25+ lymphocytes, which was also found in ISD. It is concluded that flow cytometric analysis of the above T-cell surface markers may be useful in the diagnosis of patients with late stage CTCL. However it does not allow us to distinguish patients with early stage CTCL from patients with ISD or controls.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of water‐soluble wheat arabinoxylan. 1. Synergy between α‐L‐arabinofuranosidases, endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanases, and β‐xylosidase activities (2003)

Abstract Hydrolysis of arabinoxylan is an important prerequisite for improved utilization of wheat hemicellulose in the ethanol fermentation industry. This study investigates the individual and combined efficiencies of three commercial, cellulytic and hemicellulytic enzyme preparations, Celluclast 1.5 L, Ultraflo L, and Viscozyme L, in catalyzing the liberation of arabinose and xylose from water‐soluble wheat arabinoxylan. Ultraflo L was the best enzyme preparation for releasing arabinose, liberating 53 wt% of the theoretical maximum after 48 h of reaction (10 wt% enzyme/substrate ratio, 40°C, pH 6). Celluclast 1.5 L was superior to the other enzyme preparations in releasing xylose, liberating 26 wt% of the theoretical maximum after 48 h of reaction (10 wt% enzyme/substrate ratio, 50°C, pH 5). The 50:50 mixtures of the enzyme preparations showed no synergistic cooperation in arabinose release, but a synergistic interaction in xylose release was found between Ultraflo L and Celluclast 1.5 L. On the basis of high‐performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) analysis of the hydrolysates after enzymatic reaction, we propose that the observed synergism between Celluclast 1.5 L and Ultraflo L is the result of positive interaction between α‐ L ‐arabinofuranosidase and endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase activities present in Ultraflo L that released arabinose, xylobiose and xylotriose, and β‐xylosidase activities in Celluclast 1.5 L, capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of xylobiose and xylotriose to xylose. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 81: 726–731, 2003.
Llama‐derived single‐domain intrabodies inhibit secretion of hepatitis B virions in mice† (2008)

VHHs potently inhibited secretion of HBV virions in vivo, showing that this approach might be useful in the treatment of HBV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of intrabody-mediated inhibition of viral secretion in mammals.
Quantitative evaluation of first, second, and third generation hairpin systems reveals the limit of mammalian vector-based RNAi (2016)

Incorporating miRNA-like features into vector-based hairpin scaffolds has been shown to augment small RNA processing and RNAi efficiency. Therefore, defining an optimal, native hairpin context may obviate a need for hairpin-specific targeting design schemes, which confound the movement of functional siRNAs into shRNA/artificial miRNA backbones, or large-scale screens to identify efficacious sequences. Thus, we used quantitative cell-based assays to compare separate third generation artificial miRNA systems, miR-E (based on miR-30a) and miR-3G (based on miR-16-2 and first described in this study) to widely-adopted, first and second generation formats in both Pol-II and Pol-III expression vector contexts. Despite their unique structures and strandedness, and in contrast to first and second-generation RNAi triggers, the third generation formats operated with remarkable similarity to one another, and strong silencing was observed with a significant fraction of the evaluated target sequences within either promoter context. By pairing an established siRNA design algorithm with the third generation vectors we could readily identify targeting sequences that matched or exceeded the potency of those discovered through large-scale sensor-based assays. We find that third generation hairpin systems enable the maximal level of siRNA function, likely through enhanced processing and accumulation of precisely-defined guide RNAs. Therefore, we predict future gains in RNAi potency will come from improved hairpin expression and identification of optimal siRNA-intrinsic silencing properties rather than further modification of these scaffolds. Consequently, third generation systems should be the primary format for vector-based RNAi studies; miR-3G is advantageous due to its small expression cassette and simplified, cost-efficient cloning scheme.
Combining knowledge sources to reorder N-best speech hypothesis lists (1994)

A simple and general method is described that can combine different knowledge sources to reorder N-best lists of hypotheses produced by a speech recognizer. The method is automatically trainable, acquiring information from both positive and negative examples. In experiments, the method was tested on a 1000-utterance sample of unseen ATIS data.
Structured lipids: Lipase‐catalyzed interesterification of tricaproin and trilinolein (1998)

Abstract Structured lipids were synthesized by interesterification of trilinolein and tricaproin with sn ‐1,3‐specific (IM 60) and nonspecific (SP 435) lipases. The interesterification reaction was performed by incubating a 1:2 mole ratio of trilinolein and tricaproin in 3 mL hexane at 45°C for the IM 60 lipase from Rhizomucor miehei , and at 55°C for the SP 435 lipase from Candida antarctica . Reaction products were analyzed by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light‐scattering detector. The fatty acids at the sn ‐2 position were identified after pancreatic lipase hydrolysis and analysis with a gas chromatograph. IM 60 lipase produced 53,5 mol% dicaproyllinolein (total carbon number = C33) and 22.2% monocaproyldilinolein (C45). SP 435 lipase produced 41% C33 and 18% C45. When caproic acid was used in place of tricaproin as the acyl donor, the IM 60 lipase produced 62.9% C33. The effects of variation in mole ratio, temperature, added water, solvent polarity, and time course on the interesterification reaction were also investigated. In the absence of organic solvent, IM 60 lipase produced 52.3% C33.
Prandial and diurnal effects on the absorption of orally administered enteric coated 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA). (1992)

Plasma and urine concentrations of 5-ASA and its N-acetyl metabolite 5-AcASA were measured over 48 h in 12 young healthy male subjects, who received three doses of three times enteric coated 500 mg 5-ASA tablets at 7 h interval, on two occasions 14 days apart. On one occasion the doses were given after standard meals; on the other occasion, they were given 1 h before meals. Administration of the tablets after meals delayed systemic drug absorption but did not affect the extent of absorption. There was a sharp rise in the plasma concentrations of 5-ASA and 5-AcASA in the early morning (i.e. circa 24 h after administration of the 1st dose) independent of when the tablets were taken with respect to the meals. This suggests that tablets or tablet fragments remained in the stomach until the later part of the night. Thus, diurnal effects may be more important than prandial effects in the evaluation of the kinetics of 5-ASA and its metabolites after peroral administration of enteric coated tablets.
High-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (1989)

To perform experiments with clusters, a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a mass resolution of 35 000 (m/Δm, 50% definition) has been constructed. The main design features of the instrument are presented.
EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC DAHI (CURD) ON CYTOGENETICAL PROFILE DURING 1,2- DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE INDUCED COLON CARCINOGENESIS IN RATS (2009)

In human, colon cancer is the major health problem worldwide. It arises by a well-defined series of histopathological changes (adenoma-carcinoma sequence), which are paralleled by mutations and deletions of tumor suppressor genes leading to chromosomal aberrations. Chromosomal aberrations are considered to be good somatic biomarkers of colon cancer and occur with the greatest frequency in lymphocytes. The present work was undertaken with objective to study the protective effect of probiotic dahi on generation of chromosomal aberrations (numerical and structural) in lymphocytes of1, 2-dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. The rats were divided into four groups 1) Normal diet control group; 2) DMH control; 3) Normal dahi (ND) group; 4) Probiotic dahi (PD) group. Rats were injected with DMH and sacrificed at 50 th week of experiment, metaphasic chromosomes were prepared from blood lymphocytes and incidences of chromosomal aberrations were studied. In normal diet group, DMH control group, ND group and in PD group incidence of chromosomal aberrations were 2.0, 15.33, 12.0 and 4.66% respectively. Administration of probiotic dahi to rats significantly decreased the incidence of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes as compared to DMH control rats and rats fed with normal dahi (P< 0.05). The findings of present study suggest that probiotic dahi exerts its antigenotoxic effects by preventing the chromosomal aberrations.
Bacterial endotoxin detection in hyaluronic acid-based medical devices (2016)

A simple and rapid method has been developed for testing bacterial endotoxin in hyaluronic acid (HA)-based medical devices. High-molecular-weight HA (HMW HA) in solution or HA-based medical devices was digested by the enzyme hyaluronidase to reduce solution viscosity by truncating the long chains of HA and to test for bacterial endotoxin. The bacterial endotoxin level was detected and measured by kinetic chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay. The method was applied to two different ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) and one dermal filler, and may easily be adapted to use with up to 3% HA solutions and other HA-based medical devices. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1210-1215, 2017.
Integrated In Vivo Neural Imaging and Interface CMOS Devices: Design, Packaging, and Implementation (2008)

We have developed two CMOS devices to demonstrate the use of CMOS technology for neural imaging and interfacing with the aim of studying the functions of the brain at the molecular level. In this work, we discuss the design, packaging, and implementation of a compact, single device imaging system for imaging inside the mouse brain. We show that the device is capable of imaging and measuring fluorophore concentrations down to 1 mum . The packaged device was tested for in vivo fluorescence imaging by imaging the activity of serine protease in the mouse hippocampus. The result shows imaging of neural activity with spatial resolution close to the pixel size of 7.5 mum and less than 300 ms temporal resolution. A second device was developed to image neuronal network activity and to provide a means for electrical interfacing with neurons. Characterization tests show that the device has comparable performance to current tools used in electrophysiological experiments of the brain. This work paves the way for simultaneous imaging and electrophysiological experiments using a single compact and minimally invasive device in the future.
Use of Recombinant Plasmids to Investigate the Structure of the Human Cytomegalovirus Genome (1982)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA was digested with restriction endonucleases and the fragments characterized with respect to molecular weight and relative mole proportions. The terminal fragments were identified by digesting HCMV DNA with exonucleases before restriction endonuclease treatment and subsequent gel analysis. The HindIII fragments of HCMV DNA were cloned in Escherichia coli and recombinant plasmids were characterized by digestion with restriction endonucleases and by molecular hybridization with HindIII, Bg/II and XbaI fragments of the virus genome. Data from these experiments were used to construct physical maps of HCMV DNA for the HindIII, Bg/II and XbaI restriction endonucleases. The terminal regions of the genome and the region containing fragment HindIII M were shown to be heterogeneous.
Solid-phase synthesis of N-methyl- and N-ethylamides of peptides using photolytically detachable [(3-nitro-4-[(alkylamino)methyl]benzamido]methyl]polystyrene resin (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid-phase synthesis of N-methyl- and N-ethylamides of peptides using photolytically detachable [(3-nitro-4-[(alkylamino)methyl]benzamido]methyl]polystyrene resinA. Ajayaghosh and V. N. Rajasekharan PillaiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 9, 2826–2829Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00296a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00296a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views286Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts