gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, and Preliminary Pharmacological Evaluation of N-Acyl-3-aminoglutarimides as Broad-Spectrum Chemokine Inhibitors in Vitro and Anti-inflammatory Agents in Vivo (2001)

A series of N-substituted 3-aminoglutarimides have been synthesized and tested for inhibitory activity against a range of chemokines in vitro and for suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vivo. The results show that they represent the first class of small molecules with broad-spectrum chemokine inhibitory effects. Among the compounds studied, 10 (NR58,4) was the most potent, being active at doses between 5 and 15 nM in vitro and at 0.3 mg kg(-1) in vivo.
Growth-inhibitory and bactericidal effects of human parotid salivary histidine-rich polypeptides on Streptococcus mutans (1984)

Growth inhibition and cell viability assays demonstrate that the histidine-rich polypeptides isolated from human parotid saliva are bacteriostatic and bactericidal for strains of Streptococcus mutans belonging to the serotype b and c classifications. Both inhibition of growth and cell division are enhanced by preincubation of bacteria with these polypeptides in low-ionic-strength buffers of acidic and neutral pH before dilution into enriched growth media. With prior exposure at pH 6.8, inhibition by these polypeptides of the serotype c strains, S. mutans GS5 and SB, as well as the serotype b strain, S. mutans BHT, is reversible over time under the experimental conditions selected. With similar exposure at pH 5.2, however, irreversible damage is manifested by complete inhibition of both growth and cell viability. At concentrations of 250 micrograms of the mixture of histidine-rich polypeptides per 5 X 10(5) bacterial cells per ml in the acidic preincubation buffer, bacterial lethality is maintained for a period of 48 h in the enriched growth media. At a 50-micrograms/ml concentration of these salivary agents, approximately 80% killing of S. mutans SB is noted after a 24-h incubation; however, surviving bacteria multiply and reach turbidities of untreated control cells when examined at the 48-h growth point. Similarly, hen egg white lysozyme is also found to be bactericidal for these microorganisms when preincubation is carried out under acidic conditions. However, in contrast to the histidine-rich polypeptides, lysozyme under these experimental conditions does not inhibit growth of S. mutans SB at neutral pH, although it does inhibit growth of both S. mutans BHT and S. mutans GS5 at this pH. Preexposure of S. mutans SB to the peptides in buffer at ionic strengths of 0.025 to 0.125, followed by either viability assays under nongrowing conditions or growth inhibition studies, suggests that there is very little effect of ionic strength on the antibacterial function of these peptides. In contrast to the inhibition of viability noted under growing conditions, lower concentrations of the histidine-rich polypeptides were required to elicit immediate cell death under nongrowing conditions.
Forensic DNA typing by capillary electrophoresis using the ABI Prism 310 and 3100 genetic analyzers for STR analysis (2004)

DNA typing with short tandem repeat (STR) markers is now widely used for a variety of applications including human identification. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) instruments, such as the ABI Prism 310 and ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzers, are the method of choice for many laboratories performing STR analysis. This review discusses issues surrounding sample preparation, injection, separation, detection, and interpretation of STR results using CE systems. Requirements for accurate typing of STR alleles are considered in the context of what future analysis platforms will need to increase sample throughput and ease of use.
Interferons inhibit LTC4 production in murine macrophages. (1987)

Mouse resident peritoneal macrophages (M phi) produce the highly bioactive eicosanoid LTC4 when stimulated in vitro with zymosan or with the calcium ionophore A23187. This production was dramatically inhibited in M phi pre-exposed to IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, or IFN-gamma. Although all IFN were able to decrease the availability in M phi of the LTC4 precursor AA, this decrease was not the only cause of the IFN-induced inhibition of LTC4. In fact, further analysis of the different steps of the LTC4 biosynthetic pathway revealed that IFN-gamma could inhibit the formation of LTA4, thus of its derivatives LTC4 and LTB4, possibly acting at the level of the enzyme LTA4-synthetase. In contrast, IFN-alpha and IFN-beta only depressed the ability of M phi to metabolize AA into LTC4, leaving unaltered the synthesis of LTB4. However, IFN-alpha and IFN-beta did not influence directly the activity of any of the enzymes involved in LTC4 biosynthesis, indicating that they may act through some indirect, as yet unidentified regulatory mechanism. These data suggest that IFN-alpha and IFN-beta and, in different situations, IFN-gamma can be potentially useful in vivo in antagonizing localized anaphylactic or inflammatory reactions.
Differential sensitivity to the induction of apoptosis by cisplatin in proliferating and quiescent immature rat thymocytes is independent of the levels of drug accumulation and DNA adduct formation. (1994)

Immature rat thymocytes readily undergo apoptosis following exposure to many different stimuli, including agents which cause DNA damage, such as the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide and irradiation. We have shown previously that cells isolated from the immature rat thymus are resistant to the induction of apoptosis by the DNA-damaging agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) (D. L. Evans and C. Dive, Cancer Res., 53:2133-2139, 1993). More than 85% of these thymocytes are quiescent. Here, we demonstrate that following purification of the minority subpopulation of thymocytes that are proliferating, a 2-h exposure to 50 microM cisplatin resulted in rapid apoptosis with 66% apoptotic cells by 12 h. In contrast, purified, nonproliferating thymocytes treated with cisplatin exhibited control levels of apoptosis at 12 h. Both proliferating and nonproliferating thymocytes rapidly underwent apoptosis following continuous exposure to methylprednisolone (10 microM) and etoposide (10 microM). The discrepancy in the levels of apoptosis seen in proliferating and quiescent thymocytes in response to cisplatin could not be attributed to changes in total cellular levels of cisplatin or to the number of DNA-platinum adducts which were determined, respectively, by atomic absorption spectrometry and competitive enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. These results imply that in contrast to engagement of thymocyte apoptosis by methylprednisolone and etoposide, where apoptosis was proliferation independent, cisplatin-induced apoptosis depends on the presence of cells in S and G2-M phases of the cell cycle. Moreover, comparison of etoposide and cisplatin responses in thymocytes suggests that DNA damage per se may not be sufficient to induce apoptosis and that the type of DNA damage is important in this regard.
Glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange saturation transfer of lumbar intervertebral discs in patients with spondyloarthritis (2015)

GagCEST analysis of morphologically nondegenerative IVDs (Pfirrmann score 1 and 2) in T2 w images demonstrated significantly lower GAG values in patients with spondyloarthritis in NP and AF, possibly representing a depletion of GAG in spondyloarthritis in the absence of morphologic degeneration.
Insertion of the bacterial gpt gene into the germ line of mice by retroviral infection. (1985)

Mouse substrains genetically transmitting the exogenous Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) at a single locus have been derived previously by infection of preimplantation embryos. Here we explore the potential of retroviral vectors for transferring nonviral genes into the germ line of mice. Preimplantation mouse embryos were cocultivated with a cell line that produces a recombinant retrovirus whose genome carries the Escherichia coli gene gpt. We show that the vector sequence was inserted into the genome of the embryo and into the germ line at a frequency similar to that for the Mo-MuLV-helper sequence. A new mouse strain, Mgpt-1, was developed that is homozygous for a single MSVgpt proviral genome. The proviral sequences were highly methylated and not expressed in tissues of Mgpt-1 mice. When cells derived from transgeneic animals were treated with 5-azacytidine, the proviral sequences were not methylated and were transcriptionally activated. These results indicate that nonviral genes that are under the control of the viral long terminal repeat are inactivated when transferred into the germ line of animals.
The Diagnosis of Adult Pneumonia in General Practice:The Diagnostic Value of History, Physical Examination and Some Blood Tests (1988)

Because of lower respiratory infection that was treated with antibiotics on the suspicion of pneumonia, 71 patients aged 15 years or more were referred to the study by general practitioners. Using a positive chest X-ray as a "gold standard", 15% had pneumonia. The diagnostic value of variables from history, physical examination and blood tests was evaluated by calculating the likelihood ratio (LR). A duration of illness less than 24 hours before consulting the general practitioner was the variable from the history with the highest LR, 13.5. The white blood cell count and particularly the C-reactive protein analysis had a high diagnostic value, CRP greater than 50 mg/l had an LR of 37. In this selected material pulmonary symptoms and lung findings were of minor value in differentiating patients with and without pneumonia, with no LR exceeding 2.3. This can be explained to some extent by selection bias.
Photoconductive Characteristics of Single-Crystal CdS Nanoribbons (2006)

The photoconductive characteristics of CdS single nanoribbons were investigated. The device characteristics, including spectral response, light intensity response, and time response, were studied systematically. It is found that CdS nanoribbon has the response speed substantively faster than those ever reported for conventional film and bulk CdS materials and the size of nanoribbons has a significant influence on the response speed with smaller CdS nanoribbons showing higher response speed. The high photosensitivity and high photoresponse speed are attributable to the large surface-to-volume ratio and high single-crystal quality of CdS nanoribbons and the reduction of recombination barrier in nanostructures. Measurements in a different atmosphere demonstrate that the absorption of ambient gas (mainly oxygen) can significantly change the photosensitivity of CdS nanoribbons through trapping electrons from the nanoribbons.
Localized CO_2 laser damage repair of fused silica optics (2006)

A technique has been developed for the localized treatment of laser damage sites in fused silica optics by CO2 laser melt-flow smoothing, by using a 50 to 125 microm diameter beam in a regime that avoids mass removal by ablation. A detailed calibration of the laser irradiance for the threshold ablation of craters was carried out for a range of beam diameters and pulses in the 20 micros to 200 ms range. The results agree with a thermal model that also provides estimates of the melt depth for the different irradiation conditions. Smoothing trials for glass melting at irradiance values just below the ablation threshold irradiance were conducted to determine the optimum conditions and limits for the smoothing process. The technique has been found to remove damage pits up to a depth of 0.5 microm, while the small melt depth associated with localized treatment limits the smoothing to a <or=5 microm lateral size.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 and Dysregulated c-Myc Cooperatively Induce Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Metabolic Switches Hexokinase 2 and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1 (2007)

Hypoxia is a pervasive microenvironmental factor that affects normal development as well as tumor progression. In most normal cells, hypoxia stabilizes hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs), particularly HIF-1, which activates genes involved in anaerobic metabolism and angiogenesis. As hypoxia signals a cellular deprivation state, HIF-1 has also been reported to counter the activity of MYC, which encodes a transcription factor that drives cell growth and proliferation. Since many human cancers express dysregulated MYC, we sought to determine whether HIF-1 would in fact collaborate with dysregulated MYC rather countering its function. Here, using the P493-6 Burkitt's lymphoma model with an inducible MYC, we demonstrate that HIF-1 cooperates with dysregulated c-Myc to promote glycolysis by induction of hexokinase 2, which catalyzes the first step of glycolysis, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1, which inactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase and diminishes mitochondrial respiration. We also found the collaborative induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by HIF-1 and dysregulated c-Myc. This study reports the previously unsuspected collaboration between HIF-1 and dysregulated MYC and thereby provides additional insights into the regulation of VEGF and the Warburg effect, which describes the propensity for cancer cells to convert glucose to lactate.
Phase-retrieval algorithms for a complicated optical system (1993)

Phase-retrieval algorithms have been developed that handle a complicated optical system that requires multiple Fresnellike transforms to propagate from one end of the system to the other including the absorption by apertures in more than one plane and allowance for bad detector pixels. Gradientsearch algorithms and generalizations of the iterative-transform phase-retrieval algorithms are derived. Analytic expressions for the gradient of an error metric, with respect to polynomial coefficients and with respect to point-by-point phase descriptions, are given. The entire gradient can be computed with the number of transforms required to propagate a wave front from one end of the optical system to the other and back again, independent of the number of coefficients or phase points. This greatly speeds the computation. The reconstruction of pupil amplitude is also given. A convergence proof of the generalized iterative transform algorithm is given. These improved algorithms permit a more accurate characterizationof complicated optical systems from their point spread functions.
CREATING AN ENABLING PLATFORM FOR THE DELIVERY OF SPATIAL INFORMATION (2005)

The ability of single organisations or government agencies to deliver services and tools that meet user needs withinthe spatial information market is shrinking. Users now require precise spatial information in real-time about realworldobjects. This requires governments and industry to work together to create such products and services. Theproblem in Australia however, is that much of the spatial information needed to create these services resides withingovernment agencies which is often difficult for industry to access.Governments are moving forward in relation to creating policies and initiatives which open up some of thisinformation to the public. They are also creating whole-of-government initiatives such as Western Australia'sShared Land Information Platform (SLIP) and Information Queensland which aim to make governmental spatialinformation accessible across all government agencies. What is lacking however is the ability for industry to engagedirectly with these whole-of-government/cross-agency initiatives. There is a need to create an infrastructure orenabling platform linking government and private industry from which applications and services can be leveragedand value added, providing the ability to grow the private sector and spatial information industry as a whole.This paper aims to describe the issues surrounding the creation of an enabling platform linking governments spatialinformation initiatives and the private sector. It also explores the relationship between top-down research required tospecify strategic goals and vision, prioritize plans, resolve policy issues and build enabling framework and thebottom-up commercialisation required to promote various local initiatives and build application-specific andenterprise-wide databases and services. This is done through an analysis of the concept of a virtual jurisdiction,outcomes of case studies undertaken within five Australian jurisdictions on spatial data infrastructure and spatialinformation ini
Notch signaling: An emerging therapeutic target for cancer treatment (2015)

The Notch pathway is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. The Notch signaling pathway is one of the most commonly activated signaling pathways in cancer. Alterations include activating mutations and amplification of the Notch pathway, which play key roles in the progression of cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that the pharmacological inhibition of this pathway can overcome chemoresistance. Efforts have been taken to develop Notch inhibitors as a single agent or in combination with clinically used chemotherapeutics to treat cancer. Some Notch inhibitors have been demonstrated to have therapeutic efficacy in preclinical studies. This review summarizes the recent studies and clinical evaluations of the Notch inhibitors in cancer.
Altered Reactivity to Measles Virus (1967)

An atypical measles illness occurred in ten children who had received inactivated (killed) measles virus vaccine five to six years earlier. The illness is characterized by a two- to three-day prodrome of fever and complaints of pain (head, muscle, and abdomen, or both muscle and abdomen) followed by the development of a maculopapular rash with petechial, vesicular, and urticarial components. Peripheral edema and pneumonia occurred in almost all the children. In three instances, significant pleural effusions were noted. Serologic determinations established the diagnosis in all ten children, but measles virus was recovered from none of them.
English Language Learners in Nevada (2014)

While leading the rest of the country in population growth, immigration, and increasing ethnic and linguistic diversity, Nevada’s mostly Latin American population experiences high poverty, low educational attainment, and high employment. As a result, Nevada has increasingly high numbers of English Language Learner students (ELLs) – students who speak a language other than English at home – and show low educational attainment compared to their English speaking counterparts. According to a 2013 report from the Lincy Institute of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, if the state wants to reverse its populations’ dismal educational attainment and poor national rankings in education; extra funding, resources, and educational supports are needed for Nevada’s ELL students.
Reversible Switching of DNA–Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation (2004)

Switchable formation of materials: DNA-modified gold nanoparticles can aggregate reversibly by the employment of “fueling” oligomers that hybridize with the linker oligomers within the aggregated nanoparticles (see scheme). This approach paves the way to the generation of programmable functional materials. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z461887_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Human laminin B2 chain. Comparison of the complete amino acid sequence with the B1 chain reveals variability in sequence homology between different structural domains. (1988)

The complete amino acid sequence of the human laminin B2 chain has been determined by sequencing of cDNA clones. The six overlapping clones studied cover approximately 7.5 kilobases of which 5312 nucleotides were sequenced from the 5' end. The open reading frame codes for a 33-residue signal peptide and a 1576-residue B2 chain proper, which is 189 residues less than in the highly homologous B1 chain (Pikkarainen, T., Eddy, R., Fukushima, Y., Byers, M., Shows, T., Pihlajaniemi, T., Saraste, M., and Tryggvason, K. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 10454-10462). Computer analysis revealed that the B2 chain consists of distinct domains that contain helical structures, cysteine-rich repeats, and globular regions, as does the B1 chain. However, domain alpha and domain beta of the B1 chain have no counterpart in B2, and the number of cysteine-rich repeats is 12, or 1 less than in the B1 chain. The degree of homology between the two chains is highest in the cysteine repeat-containing domains III and V where 40% of the residues match. However, results demonstrate that the B1 and B2 chains of laminin are highly homologous proteins that are probably the products of related genes.
Experimental atrial septal defect closure with a new, transcatheter, self-centering device. (1993)

This feasibility study demonstrates that this new self-centering atrial septal defect closure device has a number of design features that permit effective and safe closures in a canine model. These results support the investigation of this device in human clinical trials.
Synthesis of hcp-Co Nanodisks (2002)

hcp Co disk-shaped nanocrystals were obtained by rapid decomposition of cobalt carbonyl in the presence of linear amines. Other surfactants, in addition to the amines, like phosphine oxides and oleic acid were used to improve size dispersion, shape control, and nanocrystal stability. Co disks are ferromagnetic in character and they spontaneously self-assemble into long ribbons. X-ray and electron diffraction, electron microscopy, and SQUID magnetometry have been employed to characterize this material.
Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR for Cyclin D1 mRNA in Blood, Marrow, and Tissue Specimens for Diagnosis of Mantle Cell Lymphoma (2004)

Quantitative RT-PCR for cyclin D1 mRNA normalized to CD19 mRNA can be used in the diagnosis of MCL in blood, marrow, and tissue.
Identification of rifampin-inducible P450IIIA4 (CYP3A4) in human small bowel enterocytes. (1992)

Enzymes within the P450IIIA (CYP3A) subfamily appear to account for significant "first pass" metabolism of some drugs in the intestine. To identify which of the known P450IIIA genes are expressed in intestine, enterocyte RNA was hybridized on Northern blots with synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to hypervariable regions of hepatic P450IIIA4, P450IIIA5, and P450IIIA7 cDNAs. Hybridization was detected only with the P450IIIA4-specific oligonucleotide. The identity of the hybridizing mRNA was confirmed to be P450IIIA4 by direct sequencing of a DNA fragment amplified from enterocyte cDNA by the polymerase chain reaction. To determine if enterocyte P450IIIA4 is inducible, biopsies of small bowel mucosa were obtained from five volunteers before and after they received 7d of treatment with rifampin, a known inducer of P450IIIA4 in liver. Rifampin treatment resulted in a five- or eightfold mean increase (P < 0.05) in the biopsy concentration of P450IIIA4 mRNA when normalized for content of sucrase isomaltase or intestinal fatty acid binding protein mRNAs, respectively. Rifampin also induced P450IIIA immunoreactive protein in enterocytes in each of the subjects, as judged by immunohistochemistry, and resulted in a 10-fold increase in P450IIIA4-specific catalytic activity (erythromycin N-demethylation) in the one patient studied. Our identification of inducible P450IIIA4 in enterocytes may in part account for drug interactions characteristic of P450IIIA4 substrates and suggests a strategy for controlling entry into the body of a major class of xenobiotics.