gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular dendrimers with a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ core and naphthyl peripheral units (1999)

We report the synthesis and the photophysical properties of first and second generation dendrimers built around a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ core (bpy=2,2′-bipyridine) and bearing 12 and 24 naphthyl units, respectively, in the periphery. The metallodendrimers were obtained by complexation of ruthenium trichloride with bipyridine ligands carrying dendritic wedges in the 4,4′-positions. Since the chromophoric groups present in the dendritic complexes are separated by aliphatic connections, interchromophoric interactions are weak and the absorption spectra of the metallodendrimers are essentially equal to the summation of the spectra of the chromophoric groups which are present in their structures. The ‘free’ wedges show an intense emission band in the region of the naphthyl-type units. Such a band, however, is almost completely absent in the emission spectra of the metallodendrimers, which exhibit the visible emission band characteristic of their [Ru(bpy)3]2+-type unit, regardless of the excitation wavelength. These results show that a very efficient energy-transfer process takes place from the potentially fluorescent excited states of the aromatic units of the wedges to the metal-based dendritic core (antenna effect). We have also found that the dendrimer branches protect the Ru–bpy based core from dioxygen quenching.
Micro-Fabricated Electromagnetic Power Generator to Scavenge Low Ambient Vibration (2010)

In this paper, micro-fabricated electromagnetic power generator is presented to convert the low level ambient vibration into electric energy. The proposed micro-power generator is comprised of three micro-components such as bulk-micromachined silicon spiral spring, low loss copper micro-coil, and NdFeB magnet to be assembled with low cost PDMS packaging substrate. In order to maximize the output power, magnet is applied as inertial mass at the center of silicon spiral spring to adjust its resonant frequency. Especially, NdFeB discrete/miniaturized magnet and copper wire wounded micro-coil were utilized to avoid the performance deterioration of the proposed device due to its miniaturization. It was specially designed for scavenging low ambient vibration of several tens of hertz and low acceleration under 1g. The fabricated device generated output power of 115.1 W and load voltage of 68.2 mV to the load resistance of 18.1 from the vibration of 54 Hz with acceleration of 0.57 g. The normalized power density was 590.4 ¿W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> g <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Blockade of B7-H1 or B7-DC induces an anti-tumor effect in a mouse pancreatic cancer model (2009)

The negative signal provided by interactions of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands, B7-H1 and B7-DC, has been suggested to play an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity. Pancreas cancer patients with B7-H1 expression have a poor prognosis. B7-H1 blocking has been shown to inhibit the development of a subcutaneous tumor from a pancreas cancer cell line. In this study, we investigated the effects of B7-DC as well as B7-H1 blockade in vivo in a murine pancreatic cancer model. Pancreatic cancer cells (Panc02) were inoculated in the pancreas of C57BL/6 mice. Five weeks later, tumor sizes were measured and the mice bearing appropriate size of tumors received the following treatments. Blocking antibodies against B7-H1 or B7-DC (200 microg) were administered 3 times/week for 3 weeks. Cells infiltrating the tumors were characterized by immunohistochemistry. Effects of antibodies on cytokine and FoxP3 expression were examined by quantitative RT-PCR. In vitro cultured Panc02 cells expressed B7-H1 upon IFN-gamma stimulation. However, expression of B7-H1 and B7-DC was found mainly on CD45-positive infiltrating cells and rarely on cancer cells in vivo. Treatment with both antibodies significantly decreased tumor growth in vivo. B7-DC blockade decreased the levels of IL-10 and FoxP3, suggesting that regulatory systems are mainly inhibited at the tumor site. B7-H1 blockade increased the levels of IFN-gamma and FoxP3. Collectively, blocking of B7-H1 or B7-DC efficiently induced regression of pre-established pancreatic cancers by up-regulating IFN-gamma production and down-regulating IL-10 production at the tumor site.
Embryonic stem cells as targets for gene transfer: a new approach to molecular manipulation of the murine hematopoietic system. (1990)

Recent advances in the ability to introduce exogenous DNA sequences into specific chromosomal locations in mammalian cells via homologous recombination together with effective manipulation of murine embryos and embryo-derived cell lines (ES cells) make possible the generation of mouse stains with specific genes disrupted. Such gene targeting methods will allow replacement of normally functioning murine genes with genes altered with precise mutations involving many aspects of gene expression, including transcription, processing and protein-protein interactions. ES cell technology will allow experimental hematologists to produce animal models for human hematopoietic diseases and explore the role of complex proteins involved in hematopoiesis in vivo.
The self-cleaving domain from the genomic RNA of hepatitis delta virus: sequence requirements and the effects of denaturant (1990)

The sequence requirements for self-cleavage of hepatitis delta virus genomic RNA were examined using precursor RNAs which were labeled at either the 5' or 3' ends and progressively deleted from the unlabeled end. In the presence of 50% formamide, which enhances self-cleavage in 2 mM MgCl2 at 37 degrees C, 84 nucleotides (nt) 3' of the break site were required. In the absence of formamide the minimum was reduced to 82 nt. Under both sets of conditions, precursors with 1 nt 5' to the break site cleaved. These results allowed two condition-dependent minimal domains for self-cleavage to be defined. However, in the absence of formamide, sequences flanking the minimal domain inhibited cleavage, possibly through involvement in the formation of non-cleaving structures. These data are consistent with the idea that cleavage in vivo could be regulated by alternative RNA structures.
DNA Display III. Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis on Unprotected DNA (2004)

DNA-directed synthesis represents a powerful new tool for molecular discovery. Its ultimate utility, however, hinges upon the diversity of chemical reactions that can be executed in the presence of unprotected DNA. We present a solid-phase reaction format that makes possible the use of standard organic reaction conditions and common reagents to facilitate chemical transformations on unprotected DNA supports. We demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy by comprehensively adapting solid-phase 9-fluorenylmethyoxycarbonyl-based peptide synthesis to be DNA-compatible, and we describe a set of tools for the adaptation of other chemistries. Efficient peptide coupling to DNA was observed for all 33 amino acids tested, and polypeptides as long as 12 amino acids were synthesized on DNA supports. Beyond the direct implications for synthesis of peptide-DNA conjugates, the methods described offer a general strategy for organic synthesis on unprotected DNA. Their employment can facilitate the generation of chemically diverse DNA-encoded molecular populations amenable to in vitro evolution and genetic manipulation.
On a construction for constant-weight Gray codes for local rank modulation (2010)

We consider the local rank-modulation scheme in which a sliding window going over a sequence of real-valued variables induces a sequence of permutations. The local rank-modulation, as a generalization of the rank-modulation scheme, has been recently suggested as a way of storing information in flash memory. We study constant-weight Gray codes for the local rank-modulation scheme in order to simulate conventional multilevel flash cells while retaining the benefits of rank modulation. We describe a construction for a codes of rate tending to 1.
Aryloxy Phosphoramidate Triesters as Pro-Tides (2004)

We herein describe the development of aryloxy phosphoramidate triesters as an effective pro-tide motif for the intracellular delivery of charged bio-active antiviral nucleoside monophosphates. The review covers the discovery of such aryl phosphoramidates, their mechanism of action and structure-activity relationships. The application of this strategy to a range of antiviral nucleosides is highlighted.
Structure‐based design of a T‐cell receptor leads to nearly 100‐fold improvement in binding affinity for pepMHC (2008)

T-cell receptors (TCRs) are proteins that recognize peptides from foreign proteins bound to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. This interaction enables the T cells to initiate a cell-mediated immune response to terminate cells displaying the foreign peptide on their MHC. Naturally occurring TCRs have high specificity but low affinity toward the peptide-MHC (pepMHC) complex. This prevents the usage of solubilized TCRs for diagnosis and treatment of viral infections or cancers. Efforts to enhance the binding affinity of several TCRs have been reported in recent years, through randomized libraries and in vitro selection. However, there have been no reported efforts to enhance the affinity via structure-based design, which allows more control and understanding of the mechanism of improvement. Here, we have applied structure-based design to a human TCR to improve its pepMHC binding. Our design method evolved based on iterative steps of prediction, testing, and generating more predictions based on the new data. The final design function, named ZAFFI, has a correlation of 0.77 and average error of 0.35 kcal/mol with the binding free energies of 26 point mutations for this system that we measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Applying the filter that we developed to remove nonbinding predictions, this correlation increases to 0.85, and the average error decreases to 0.3 kcal/mol. Using this algorithm, we predicted and tested several point mutations that improved binding, with one giving over sixfold binding improvement. Four of the point mutations that improved binding were then combined to give a mutant TCR that binds the pepMHC 99 times more strongly than the wild-type TCR.
Loss of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Function Produces Abnormalities in Tracheal Development in Neonatal Pigs and Young Children (2010)

Our findings in newborn CF pigs and young patients with CF suggest that airway changes begin during fetal life and may contribute to CF pathogenesis and clinical disease during postnatal life.
Speciation of iron(II) and iron(III) using a dual electrode modified with electrocatalytic polymers (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpeciation of iron(II) and iron(III) using a dual electrode modified with electrocatalytic polymersAndrew P. Doherty, Robert J. Forster, Malcolm R. Smyth, and Johannes G. VosCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 5, 572–575Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00029a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00029a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Therapeutic targeting of the MEK/MAPK signal transduction module in acute myeloid leukemia (2001)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway regulates growth and survival of many cell types, and its constitutive activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies. In this study we demonstrate that small-molecule MEK inhibitors (PD98059 and PD184352) profoundly impair cell growth and survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and primary samples with constitutive MAPK activation. These agents abrogate the clonogenicity of leukemic cells but have minimal effects on normal hematopoietic progenitors. MEK blockade also results in sensitization to spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis. At a molecular level, these effects correlate with modulation of the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p27(Kip1) and p21(Waf1/CIP1)) and antiapoptotic proteins of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) and Bcl-2 families. Interruption of constitutive MEK/MAPK signaling therefore represents a promising therapeutic strategy in AML.
Targeted mutagenesis by homologous recombination in D. melanogaster (2002)

We used a recently developed method to produce mutant alleles of five endogenous Drosophila genes, including the homolog of the p53 tumor suppressor. Transgenic expression of the FLP site-specific recombinase and the I-SceI endonuclease generates extrachromosomal linear DNA molecules in vivo. These molecules undergo homologous recombination with the corresponding chromosomal locus to generate targeted alterations of the host genome. The results address several questions about the general utility of this technique. We show that genes not near telomeres can be efficiently targeted; that no knowledge of the mutant phenotype is needed for targeting; and that insertional mutations and allelic substitutions can be easily produced.
Effect of Raloxifene-analog (LY 117018-Hcl) on the bone marrow of ovariectomized mice (2000)

The effects of LY117018-Hcl (Ralox-A) on body metabolism and differentiation of bone marrow cells were studied in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. We used a mouse model in which estrogen depletion was established for a period of three months before treatment. After that period the animals were divided into three experimental groups consisting of sham-operated, OVX, and OVX-Ralox-A-treated mice. The OVX animals received daily treatment of Ralox-A during two time periods (35 and 65 days). After the treatment we measured the serum levels of protein, ion(s), lipid content, liver, and kidney functions. Our findings indicated that a change in hormonal state did not affect basic body metabolism except for causing an increase in triglycerides (TG) in the OVX mice, which was lowered by the Ralox-A. A higher alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P) level was observed in serum of the OVX-Ralox-A-treated mice than in serum of the OVX mice. We investigated the effects of estrogen depletion on the differentiation of hematopoietic and stromal cells that directly affect bone resorption and formation. OVX and OVX-treated mice were compared with the sham group and assessed for the alteration of these cells' differentiation. The proliferation of stromal stem cells was measured by CFU-F assay in vitro. A decrease in CFU-F colonies derived from OVX mice was observed and after the Ralox-A treatment the number of CFU-F reached sham levels. On the contrary, an upregulation of myeloid cells was observed when analyzed by FACS and by granulocyte/macrophage-colony forming unit (G/M-CFU) assay in selective culture conditions. The G/M-CFUs were increased in the OVX mice and were reduced to sham levels after Ralox-A treatment. In this study, we demonstrated cellular changes of stromal and hemopoietic cells in OVX mice and a beneficial Ralox-A effect that protected such cellular changes.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of the Metabolites of Diethyl 4-((4-Bromo-2-cyanophenyl)carbamoyl)benzylphosphonate (NO-1886). (1996)

Five metabolites of diethyl 4-[(4-bromo-2-cyanophenyl)carbamoyl]benzylphosphonate (NO-1886) (1) were synthesized to confirm their proposed structures. The metabolites (2-6) were found to be identical with the synthesized compounds. These metabolites were orally administered to Triton WR-1339-induced hypertriglyceridemic rats, and the plasma levels of triglycerides were measured to estimate lipoprotein lipase activity. All the metabolites showed lower potency than NO-1886.
Genomic and metabolic adaptations of Methanobrevibacter smithii to the human gut (2007)

The human gut is home to trillions of microbes, thousands of bacterial phylotypes, as well as hydrogen-consuming methanogenic archaea. Studies in gnotobiotic mice indicate that Methanobrevibacter smithii, the dominant archaeon in the human gut ecosystem, affects the specificity and efficiency of bacterial digestion of dietary polysaccharides, thereby influencing host calorie harvest and adiposity. Metagenomic studies of the gut microbial communities of genetically obese mice and their lean littermates have shown that the former contain an enhanced representation of genes involved in polysaccharide degradation, possess more archaea, and exhibit a greater capacity to promote adiposity when transplanted into germ-free recipients. These findings have led to the hypothesis that M. smithii may be a therapeutic target for reducing energy harvest in obese humans. To explore this possibility, we have sequenced its 1,853,160-bp genome and compared it to other human gut-associated M. smithii strains and other Archaea. We have also examined M. smithii's transcriptome and metabolome in gnotobiotic mice that do or do not harbor Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a prominent saccharolytic bacterial member of our gut microbiota. Our results indicate that M. smithii is well equipped to persist in the distal intestine through (i) production of surface glycans resembling those found in the gut mucosa, (ii) regulated expression of adhesin-like proteins, (iii) consumption of a variety of fermentation products produced by saccharolytic bacteria, and (iv) effective competition for nitrogenous nutrient pools. These findings provide a framework for designing strategies to change the representation and/or properties of M. smithii in the human gut microbiota.
A Comparative Assessment of Hydrogen Embrittlement: Palladium and Palladium-Silver (25 Weight% Silver) Subjected to Hydrogen Absorption/Desorption Cycling (2016)

The negative effects of hydrogen embrittlement on metallic systems have been investigated through determination of the mechanical properties of two metallic systems that were exposed to hydrogen. An assessment of the effects of hydrogen absorption/desorption cycling on the tensile strength, ductility, and microhardness of pure palladium and the alloy palladium-silver (25 weight% silver) has been undertaken. The variables that are the focus of the study are the amount of hydrogen absorbed by the metal, deuterium isotope effect, number of hydrogen absorption/desorption cycles, and the hydrogen exposure temperature. Under all conditions studied, the mechanical properties of pure palladium were significantly altered as a result of hydrogen exposure, with significant hydrogen embrittlement occurring. In contrast, the mechanical properties of the palladium-silver alloy showed little alteration as a result of hydrogen exposure, including virtually no occurrence of hydrogen embrittlement.
Hand and face segmentation using motion and color cues in digital image sequences (2001)

© 2001 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.
Enteric Toxins from Bacteria Colonizing Human Gut (2000)

The large and heterogeneous microbial population colonising the human intestinal tract includes a number of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that produce one or more toxins. While exhibiting very different physico-chemical properties these exotoxins share the ability to penetrate intestinal cells after their binding to a specific surface receptor, thus reaching a subcellular target at membrane or cytoskeleton level. The most relevant in vitro and in vivo data, reported in the literature, on the mode of action of the major enterotoxins and cytotoxins produced by bacteria belonging to the human gut microflora are reviewed in the light of our recent knowledge on bacteria-host cell interactions.
Differential Th1 and Th2 cell responses in male and female BALB/c mice infected with coxsackievirus group B type 3 (1994)

Male and female BALB/c mice differ dramatically in susceptibility to myocarditis subsequent to coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. CVB3 infection of male mice results in substantial inflammatory cell infiltration of the myocardium, and virus-immune lymphocytes from these animals give predominantly a Th1 cell phenotypic response, as determined by predominant immunoglobulin G2a isotypic antibody production and elevated numbers of gamma interferon and interleukin-2 (IL-2)-producing CD4+ T lymphocytes. Females infected with the same virus give predominantly a Th2 cell phenotypic response, as determined by preferential immunoglobulin G1 antibody isotypic responses and increased precursor frequencies of IL-4- and IL-5-producing CD4+ T cells. Treatment of females with testosterone or males with estradiol prior to infection alters subsequent Th subset differentiation, suggesting that the sex-associated hormones have either a direct or indirect effect on CD4+ lymphocyte responses in this model. Treatment of females with 0.1 mg of monoclonal antibody to IL-4 reduces precursor frequencies of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells and increases frequencies of gamma interferon-producing cells. This treatment also enhances myocardial inflammation, indicating a correlation between Th1-like cell responses and pathogenicity in CVB3 infection. The Th2-like cell may regulate Th1 cell activation. Adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes from CVB3-infected female mice into male animals suppresses the development of myocarditis in the recipients. Treatment of the female donors with monoclonal antibodies to either CD3, CD4, or IL-4 molecules abrogates suppression.
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity Is Essential for Vasodilation During Blood Flow Recovery but not for Arteriogenesis (2007)

This study demonstrates that eNOS activity is crucial for NO-mediated vasodilation of peripheral collateral vessels after arterial occlusion but not for collateral artery growth.
Identification of the High Tc Superconductor in the System Y-Ba-Cu-O (1987)

In order to identify the superconducting phase in the Y-Ba-Cu-O system, phase search and electron microscopic study were performed. At least three unknown phases were found in a part of the system. Among these phases, perovskite-related compound (orthorhombic a =3.89, b =3.82, c =11.7 Å or possibly tetragonal a =3.83, c =11.7 Å) is the possible compound responsible for the superconductivity.