gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning of a fatty acid synthase component FAS1 gene from Saccharomyces kluyveri and its functional complementation of S. cerevisiae fas1 mutant (2001)

A gene encoding a fatty acid synthase component, FAS1, has been cloned from a genomic library of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-producing yeast Saccharomyces kluyveri. This gene (named Sk-FAS1) was found to contain an open reading frame of 6150 bp, coding for 2049 amino acids. The deduced Sk-FAS1 protein showed significant (75-59%) homology with FAS proteins from the other yeasts, including S. cerevisiae, Candida albicans and Yarrowia lipolytica. The substrate-binding sites of the acetyl transferase and malonyl/palmitoyl transferase domains, and the FMN- and NADPH-binding sites of the enoyl reductase domain, were all highly conserved. Expression of the Sk-FAS1 gene in S. cerevisiae complemented genetic disruption of the S. cerevisiae FAS1 gene (Sc-FAS1), suggesting the formation of a heterogeneous complex of Sk-FAS1 (beta) and Sc-FAS2 (alpha), which is able to function to synthesize fatty acids. Compared with the isogenic wild-type of S. cerevisiae, as well as S. kluyveri, the S. cerevisiae fas1 mutant carrying the Sk-FAS1 gene showed an increase in the relative amount of 16-carbon fatty acids and a decrease in 18-carbon fatty acids.
Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii sp. nov., a slowly growing chromogenic species isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) (2005)

A group of slowly growing photochromogenic mycobacteria was isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis. Growth characteristics, acid-fastness and 16S rRNA gene sequencing results were consistent with those of the genus Mycobacterium. Biochemical reactions, growth characteristics and mycolic acid profiles (HPLC) resembled those of Mycobacterium shottsii, a non-pigmented mycobacterium also isolated during the same epizootic. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes, the gene encoding the exported repeated protein (erp) and the gene encoding the 65 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp65) and restriction enzyme analysis of the hsp65 gene demonstrated that this group of isolates is unique. Insertion sequences associated with Mycobacterium ulcerans, IS2404 and IS2606, were detected by PCR. These isolates could be differentiated from other slowly growing pigmented mycobacteria by their inability to grow at 37 degrees C, production of niacin and urease, absence of nitrate reductase, negative Tween 80 hydrolysis and resistance to isoniazid (1 mug ml(-1)), p-nitrobenzoic acid, thiacetazone and thiophene-2-carboxylic hydrazide. On the basis of this polyphasic study, it is proposed that these isolates represent a novel species, Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii sp. nov. The type strain, L15(T), has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as ATCC BAA-883(T) and the National Collection of Type Cultures (UK) as NCTC 13318(T).
Metal-halogen exchange of bromoindoles. A route to substituted indoles (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal-halogen exchange of bromoindoles. A route to substituted indolesMikel P. Moyer, John F. Shiurba, and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 26, 5106–5110Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00376a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00376a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4042Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Control of the Antibody Isotype Response to Recombinant Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp120 Antigen by Adjuvants (1992)

Both saponin and muramyl dipeptide (MDP) formulated with a squalane-in-water emulsion of large particle size prepared with a vortex mixer were superior to Al(OH)3 as adjuvants for HIV gp120 in mice. All the adjuvants induced IgG1 antibody, but saponin elicited the highest titers of IgG2a. The secretion of interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) by lymph node cells cultured in vitro with gp120 was studied. All the cultures secreted IL-5, but only those from saponin-immunized mice produced IFN gamma, suggesting that saponin is capable of activating both the Th1 and TH2 T-cell subsets. The titers of neutralizing antibodies were low with both MDP and saponin, and they occurred in mice which were also positive for antibodies against a V3 loop peptide. Glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (GMDP) which is less pyrogenic than MDP and a nonpyrogenic analog GMDPA, displayed equivalent adjuvant activity to MDP. The level and isotype composition of antibodies induced by GMDP in combination with squalane emulsions depended on the dimension of the emulsion particles. With a large (2500 nm) particle size the response was confined to IgG1 in Balb/c mice, but when this was reduced to 150 nm by sonication the antibody response was increased and relatively high levels of IgG2a appeared in some mice.
Genetic and Pharmacological Suppression of Oncogenic Mutations in RAS Genes of Yeast and Humans (1989)

The activity of an oncoprotein and the secretion of a pheromone can be affected by an unusual protein modification. Specifically, posttranslational modification of yeast a-factor and Ras protein requires an intermediate of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. This modification is apparently essential for biological activity. Studies of yeast mutants blocked in sterol biosynthesis demonstrated that the membrane association and biological activation of the yeast Ras2 protein require mevalonate, a precursor of sterols and other isoprenes such as farnesyl pyrophosphate. Furthermore, drugs that inhibit mevalonate biosynthesis blocked the in vivo action of oncogenic derivatives of human Ras protein in the Xenopus oocyte assay. The same drugs and mutations also prevented the posttranslational processing and secretion of yeast a-factor, a peptide that is farnesylated. Thus, the mevalonate requirement for Ras activation may indicate that attachment of a mevalonate-derived (isoprenoid) moiety to Ras proteins is necessary for membrane association and biological function. These observations establish a connection between the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and transformation by the ras oncogene and offer a novel pharmacological approach to investigating, and possibly controlling, ras-mediated malignant transformations.
Surgical Closure of the Left Atrial Appendage – A Beneficial Procedure? (2005)

Surgical LAA closure was incomplete in most patients, resulting in blood stagnation and an increased likelihood of clot formation. Incomplete surgical LAA closure, therefore, may promote rather than reduce the risk of stroke. Intraoperative TEE is mandatory to verify complete LAA obliteration.
Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds using carbon disulfide and their products (1989)

Abstract This review described developments in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds using carbon disulfide and their products.
Preconditioning of Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecule-derived CO Attenuates LPS-induced Activation of HUVEC (2008)

Preconditioning of CO liberated by CORM-2 elicited its anti-inflammatory effects by interfering with the induction of intracellular oxidative stress. In addition, it also supports the notion that CO is a potent inhibitor of iNOS and NF-kappaB.
WWOX, the FRA16D gene, behaves as a suppressor of tumor growth. (2001)

We recently reported the cloning of WWOX, a gene that maps to the common fragile site FRA16D region in chromosome 16q23.3-24.1. It was observed that the genomic area spanned by WWOX is affected by chromosomal translocations and homozygous deletions. Furthermore, the high incidence of allelic loss in breast, ovarian, prostate, and other cancers affecting this region suggests that WWOX is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Expression of WWOX is highly variable in breast cancer cell lines, with some cases showing low or undetectable levels of expression. In this report, we demonstrate that ectopic WWOX expression strongly inhibits anchorage-independent growth in soft agar of breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-435 and T47D. Additionally, we observed that WWOX induces a dramatic inhibition of tumorigenicity of MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells when tested in vivo. We also detected the common occurrence of aberrant WWOX transcripts with deletions of exons 5-8 or 6-8 in various carcinoma cell lines, multiple myeloma cell lines, and primary breast tumors. These aberrant mRNA forms were not detected in normal tissues. Interestingly, we further observed that proteins encoded by such aberrant transcripts display an abnormal nuclear localization in contrast to the wild-type WWOX protein that localizes to the Golgi system. Our data indicate that WWOX behaves as a potent suppressor of tumor growth and suggest that abnormalities affecting this gene at the genomic and transcriptional level may be of relevance in carcinogenesis.
The Evolution of Diagnosis in Early Parkinson Disease (2000)

We found that 65 (8.1%) of patients initially diagnosed as having PD were later found to have an alternate diagnosis based on multifactorial clinical diagnostic criteria. This alternate diagnosis indicated that experts in PD changed their diagnoses infrequently during the 7.6-year follow-up.
491. Improved Apical Airway Epithelia Targeting Properties of FIV Vector Pseudotyped with Envelopes from LCMV (2004)

Gene transfer to the airway epithelia can correct the ion transport and host defense defects associated with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the clinical application of gene therapy for CF is limited by several problems including adverse immune responses, inefficient transduction, and the failure of gene expression to persist. We hypothesized that the transduction efficiency of a (feline immunodeficiency virus) FIV-based lentivirus for the apical surface of polarized human airway epithelia (HAE) could be improved by pseudotyping the vector with glycoproteins from non-retroviral enveloped viruses. We found that glycoproteins from the arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV, WE54 strain) produced FIV titers similar to VSV-G FIV (108-109 TU/ml). Application of FIV pseudotyped with LCMV to well differentiated HAE yielded significantly more efficient gene transfer from the apical than the basolateral surface. Transduction by LCMV FIV from the apical surface was 3–4 fold more efficient than VSV-G FIV from the basolateral surface. Additionally, transduction was decreased by inhibitors of endosomal acidification, consistent with entry via a pH-sensitive endosomal pathway. Alpha-dystroglycan has been identified as a high affinity receptor for some arenavirus family members, including the WE54 strain of LCMV. By immunohistochemistry, alpha-dystroglycan was abundantly expressed on both the apical and basolateral surfaces of airway epithelia. Pretreatment of epithelia with laminin or antibodies to alpha-dystroglycan partially inhibited gene transfer with LCMV-FIV, suggesting that alpha-dystroglycan serves as a receptor in HAE. Vectors with a single point mutation to the LCMV WE54 envelope, designed to generate LCMV FIV virions with low affinity to alpha-dystroglycan, transduced airway epithelia 5–12 fold more efficiently from the apical surface than the high affinity WE54 glycoprotein pseudotyped virions. Transduction by the modified pseudotype was not inhibited by laminin or alpha-dystroglycan blocking antibody. Transduction levels with the low affinity alpha-dystroglycan binding envelope were also increased following basolateral application. These results with an envelope with low affinity for alpha-dystroglycan suggest that there is at least one additional unidentified viral receptor or cofactor for LCMV binding in airway epithelia. LCMV pseudotyped FIV provides a new tool to deliver transgenes to polarized airway epithelia via the apical surface.
Cytokines in radioprotection. Comparison of the radioprotective effects of IL-1 to IL-2, GM-CSF and IFN gamma. (1986)

Immunomodulatory agents are radioprotective when administered to animals prior to irradiation. The mechanisms for this radioprotection have as yet not been determined, but may involve endogenously released cytokines. We have recently demonstrated that murine IL-1 is radioprotective in mice (Neta et al. J. Immunol., 136, 2483, 1986). In this study we have further explored this effect and investigated whether the radioprotective effect of IL-1 is mediated by other cytokines. Optimal radioprotection with IL-1 was obtained with administration 20 hr prior to irradiation and was greatly reduced with administration 45 or 4 hr before or 1 hr after irradiation with 950 cGy, an LD100/30 dose. The dose reduction factor (DRF) measured by LD50/30 was 1.25 for C57B1/6 mice. The presence of a lag period in IL-1 induced radioprotection suggests that the effect of IL-1 may be indirect. The hypothesis that IL-1 may act by inducing the release of other cytokines was tested in part by two approaches: Assays for circulating IFN and CSF. High titers of CSF were present at 3 and 6 hrs and declined at 24 hrs after administration of 0.1 microgram of IL-1, a dose radioprotective in mice. Assays for IFN in the same sera were negative. Direct administration of recombinant IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, or IL-2 prior to LD100/30 irradiation. Using a wide range of doses of these cytokines delivered 20 or 3 hr prior to irradiation, no significant radioprotective effect was observed.
Spatial variation in search engine queries (2008)

Local aspects of Web search - associating Web content and queries with geography - is a topic of growing interest. However, the underlying question of how spatial variation is manifested in search queries is still not well understood. Here we develop a probabilistic framework for quantifying such spatial variation; on complete Yahoo! query logs, we find that our model is able to localize large classes of queries to within a few miles of their natural centers based only on the distribution of activity for the query. Our model provides not only an estimate of a query's geographic center, but also a measure of its spatial dispersion, indicating whether it has highly local interest or broader regional or national appeal. We also show how variations on our model can track geographically shifting topics over time, annotate a map with each location's "distinctive queries", and delineate the "spheres of influence" for competing queries in the same general domain.
KINETIC STUDIES OF THE DEGRADATION OF OXYCARBONYLOXYMETHYL PRODRUG OF ADEFOVIR AND TENOFOVIR IN SOLUTION (2001)

The decomposition kinetics of bis-POC PMEA and bis-POC PMPA followed pseudo-first order kinetics with the corresponding mono-POC ester detected as the only observable degradation product for all the pH values studied. The rates of hydrolysis of bis-POC PMEA over the pH range studied was described by [formula: see text] The 18O incorporation studies revealed that hydrolysis of bis-POC PMEA at pH 7.0 primarily proceeds via P-O cleavage with an additional minor pathway involving C-O bond cleavage. Hydrolysis of bis-POC PMPA was found to be about 2 fold slower than bis-POC PMEA at pH values above 6.0.
Serum Amyloid A Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Promotes Th17 Allergic Asthma in Mice (2011)

IL-1β is a cytokine critical to several inflammatory diseases in which pathogenic Th17 responses are implicated. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by microbial and environmental stimuli can enable the caspase-1-dependent processing and secretion of IL-1β. The acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) is highly induced during inflammatory responses, wherein it participates in systemic modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Elevated levels of IL-1β, SAA, and IL-17 are present in subjects with severe allergic asthma, yet the mechanistic relationship among these mediators has yet to be identified. In this study, we demonstrate that Saa3 is expressed in the lungs of mice exposed to several mixed Th2/Th17-polarizing allergic sensitization regimens. SAA instillation into the lungs elicits robust TLR2-, MyD88-, and IL-1-dependent pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. Furthermore, SAA drives production of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and PGE(2), causes dendritic cell (DC) maturation, and requires TLR2, MyD88, and the NLRP3 inflammasome for secretion of IL-1β by DCs and macrophages. CD4(+) T cells polyclonally stimulated in the presence of conditioned media from SAA-exposed DCs produced IL-17, and the capacity of polyclonally stimulated splenocytes to secrete IL-17 is dependent upon IL-1, TLR2, and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Additionally, in a model of allergic airway inflammation, administration of SAA to the lungs functions as an adjuvant to sensitize mice to inhaled OVA, resulting in leukocyte influx after Ag challenge and a predominance of IL-17 production from restimulated splenocytes that is dependent upon IL-1R signaling.
Repetitive DNA of Candida albicans: nuclear and mitochondrial components (1984)

We report the isolation and analysis of the rapidly reassociating DNA of the pathogenic, dimorphic fungus Candida albicans. Minicot analysis of whole-cell repetitive DNA suggested that a significant portion of this component was mitochondrial DNA. Genomic blot hybridizations in which radioactive whole-cell repetitive DNA was used as a probe revealed eight major EcoRI bands in the molecular weight range resolved by the gel system used. Isolation and analysis of high-purity mitochondrial DNA have shown that five of these bands are of mitochondrial origin. The remaining three bands are of nuclear origin and represent repetitive sequences that are found in the nuclear genome. Attempts to isolate nuclear DNA that was completely free of mitochondrial DNA contamination were unsuccessful.
Design of a high signal to ratio electrical impedance plethysmograph (2002)

The authors describe a high-sensitivity impedence plethysmograph for determining the blood pressure of pigeons. The method described can be used for the study of human atherosclerosis. An instrument which increases the signal-to-noise ratio, therefore increasing the sensitivity, was designed. The signal obtained from the subject being tested consists of an amplitude modulated waveform with an index of modulation on the order of 0.1%. This instrument reduces the carrier amplitude in the amplitude modulated (AM) waveform and amplifies the signal before demodulation. The AM signal is then demodulated and any DC offset present is balanced out. The result is an increase in the index of modulation and a higher signal-to-noise ratio at the output.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
NCAM is hyposialylated in hereditary inclusion body myopathy due to GNE mutations (2006)

The authors found that the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is hyposialylated in hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM) muscle, as suggested by its decreased molecular weight by Western blot. This abnormality represented the only pathologic feature differentiating HIBM due to GNE mutations from other myopathies with similar clinical and pathologic characteristics. If further confirmed in larger series of patients, this may be a useful diagnostic marker of GNE-related HIBM.
Anellierte Chinoline, 4. Mitt. 11‐Oxo‐5,11‐dihydro‐benzothieno[3,2‐b][1] chinoline, S,S‐Dioxide und Thionierungsprodukte (1981)

Abstract Die Amide 3 cyclisieren beim Erhitzen mit Polyphosphorsäure (PPS) zu den Titelverbindungen 4 , aus denen mit H 2 O 2 die S,S‐Dioxide 6 erhalten werden. Es wird über die Darstellung der Thione 12 und der Thioether 13 berichtet.
Inhibition of in vivo tumor growth by the beta chemokine, TCA3. (1994)

TCA3 is a proinflammatory murine glycoprotein that shares structural features with cytokines of the beta chemokine family and is a chemoattractant for neutrophils and monocytes. To assess the in vivo functions of TCA3, the cDNA was expressed in two mouse myeloma cell lines. Although the transfected and control cells had similar growth rates in vitro, TCA3-expressing tumors demonstrated impaired growth in both normal and immunodeficient mice. Histologic evaluation of the injection sites demonstrated that TCA3 expression resulted in an early neutrophil and monocyte infiltrate accompanied by tumor necrosis. There was complete regression of the TCA3-transfected tumor in some immunocompetent syngeneic mice. The TCA3-transfected cells induced specific and long-lasting immunity in mice that showed complete tumor regression; these animals were resistant to challenge with nontransfected tumor cells. In contrast, priming with irradiated tumor cells provided little protection against challenge with nontransfected tumor, which indicates that TCA3 specifically augments tumor immunogenicity. Mixing TCA3-transfected cells with normal tumor cells causes retarded growth of the normal tumor cells provided the latter are injected into the same site. Furthermore, direct in situ injection of soluble rTCA3 early during the course of tumor implantation also inhibits tumor growth. The data suggest that TCA3 may perform two roles in tumor protection: it induces lymphocyte-independent antitumor activity and stimulates tumor-specific immunity. We speculate that TCA3 has natural adjuvant activities that result in augmented immune responses.