gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diversity of cellular receptors and functions for the lysophospholipid growth factors lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1‐phosphate (1998)

The lysophospholipid (LPL) mediators lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are generated by enzymatic cleavage of stores of glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelin, respectively, in membranes of stimulated cells. LPLs are albumin bound, distributed widely in mammalian tissues, and increased in concentration by physiological activation of platelets and some other cells, tissue injury, inflammation, and neoplasia. The principal effects of LPA and S1P are growth related, including induction of cellular proliferation, alterations in differentiation and survival, and suppression of apoptosis. LPA and S1P also evoke cellular effector functions, which are dependent on cytoskeletal responses such as contraction, secretion, adhesion, and chemotaxis. The extracellular mediator activities of LPLs are transduced by subfamilies of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), of which the most completely characterized are those encoded by the endothelial differentiation genes (edgs). One homology cluster composed of Edg-1, -3, and -5 recognizes and responds to S1P, and the other cluster of Edg-2 and -4 is dedicated to LPA. Edg proteins are developmentally regulated and differ in tissue distribution, but couple similarly to multiple types of G-proteins to signal through ras and mitogen-activated protein kinase, rho, phospholipase C, and several protein tyrosine kinases. Numerous interactions between glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are observed in their biosynthetic and signaling pathways. Many of the cellular effects of LPA and S1P are attributable to modifications in the content and/or activity of a major functional protein. Examples are increases in nuclear levels of transcription factors that regulate the serum response element, suppression of death caspase activities in apoptosis, and elevation of membrane content of heparin binding-epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, which serves as an autocrine and juxtacrine stimulus of proliferation. These ubiquitous LPL mediators of cellular growth, differentiation, and activities thus act directly through complex subfamilies of GPCRs and by regulating expression of biologically critical proteins.
Determination of chemistry and microstructure in SiOx (0.1&lt;x&lt;0.8) films by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1996)

The stoichiometry of a series of low pressure chemical vapor deposition deposited SiOx films was determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by two different methods. The first, more traditional, method involved applying relative sensitivity factors to the integrated O 1s and Si 2p peaks, taking into consideration differences in photoemission probabilities of oxidized and elemental silicon. In the second method the Si 2p spectra were curve fit into five peaks corresponding to Si0+SiH (99.4 eV), Si1+ (100.3 eV), Si2+ (101.2 eV), Si3+ (102.0 eV), and Si4+ (103.0 eV). The five valence states of silicon corresponding to tetrahedrally coordinated silicon bonded to 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 oxygen atoms. The relative areas of the peaks were combined with the known oxygen coordination numbers to yield stoichiometries. Rutherford backscattering and hydrogen forward scattering were done to verify the XPS quantification and to measure the hydrogen concentration of the films, respectively. The fraction of elemental silicon present as a function of oxygen concentration was compared with the fraction predicted by a random bonding model of silicon and oxygen atoms. The experimental fraction of Si0+SiH measured by XPS was greater than the fraction predicted by the random bonding model consistent with distinct regions (or possibly crystallites) of elemental silicon in the oxide matrix. Also, it was established that 3 kV argon sputtering does not preferentially sputter oxygen from either SiO2 or SiOx films contrary to previous reports.
Characterization of RFB4−Pseudomonas Exotoxin A Immunotoxins Targeted to CD22 on B-Cell Malignancies (1996)

To develop an immunotoxin for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, we constructed several candidate conjugates with RFB4, a B-cell specific anti-CD22 IgG1, and truncated forms of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE). The four versions of PE included PE35 and PE35KDEL, which were linked to RFB4 via a disulfide bond, and PE38 and PE38KDEL, which were linked via a thioether bond. The PE35 truncated forms, which are fully active in ADP ribosylation and lack receptor binding sequences, do not require intracellular proteolytic cleavage in order to be active. PE35KDEL has the consensus endoplasmic reticulum retention signal, KDEL, replacing the wild type PE C-terminal sequence, REDLK. The PE38 forms retain all of domain II and therefore require cleavage to be active within cells. Cytotoxicity experiments on CD22-positive cell lines revealed that the PE35 conjugates were more active than the PE38 versions and the presence of the KDEL sequence generally enhanced toxicity by 5-10-fold compared to that of REDLK. The RFB4-PE35KDEL immunotoxin was most active in cytotoxicity assays against Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines such as Daudi and CA46 (IC50 = 0.2 ng/mL) and displayed little cytotoxicity toward human vascular endothelial cells (IC50 > 20 micrograms/mL). Results of experiments conducted in nude mice showed that both RFB4-PE35KDEL and RFB4-PE35 could inhibit the development of subcutaneous CA46 tumors.
Errata (1985)

Joint stiffness secondary to immobilization was inhibited by intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection in an experimental joint contracture in rabbits. Biochemical and biomechanical parameters were used to evaluate the joint stiffness after nine weeks of immobilization. In all treatments, hyaluronic acid reduced the measured stiffness in the contracture by approximately 50% as compared to the contractures of the untreated rabbits. In addition, hyaluronic acid prevented the loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (as measured by hexosamine), which normally occurs in untreated contractures. The results are related to a working hypothesis that intra-articular injections of drugs such as hyaluronic acid (Healon-R) will stimulate hyaluronic acid synthesis within the matrices of periarticular connective tissue (PCT). If the spacing and lubricating properties of the glycosaminoglycans could be maintained in the stress-deprived state, the "centripetal collapse" of the fibrillar matrix could be avoided, anomalous cross-links could be minimized, and more normal joint mechanics could be retained.
Effective Gene Silencing in a Microsporidian Parasite Associated with Honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) Colony Declines (2010)

Honeybee colonies are vulnerable to parasites and pathogens ranging from viruses to vertebrates. An increasingly prevalent disease of managed honeybees is caused by the microsporidian Nosema ceranae. Microsporidia are basal fungi and obligate parasites with much-reduced genomic and cellular components. A recent genome-sequencing effort for N. ceranae indicated the presence of machinery for RNA silencing in this species, suggesting that RNA interference (RNAi) might be exploited to regulate Nosema gene expression within bee hosts. Here we used controlled laboratory experiments to show that double-stranded RNA homologous to specific N. ceranae ADP/ATP transporter genes can specifically and differentially silence transcripts encoding these proteins. This inhibition also affects Nosema levels and host physiology. Gene silencing could be mediated solely by Nosema or in concert with known systemic RNAi mechanisms in their bee hosts. These results are novel for the microsporidia and provide a possible avenue for controlling a disease agent implicated in severe honeybee colony losses. Moreover, since microsporidia are pathogenic in several known veterinary and human diseases, this advance may have broader applications in the future for disease control.
Effect of Adenine on the Riboflavin-Sensitized Photoreaction (1972)

Upon the addition of adenine, the marked enhancement of the riboflavin-sensitized photoinactivation of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of Bacillus subtilis was observed, and the inactivation of the DNA was found to be first-order reaction. The extent of the enhancement calculated from the apparent first-order rate constants was about seventy times. The effect of adenine was not found when methylene blue, thiopyronin, eosin yellowish or fluorescein was used as a sensitizer in place of riboflavin. Adenine was the most effective compound among purine and pyrimidine derivatives tested. The pH dependence of the riboflavin-sensitized photoinactivation of the DNA in the presence of adenine was different from that observed in the absence of adenine. The rate of the riboflavin-sensitized photoinactivation increased as the temperature increased, whereas in the presence of adenine, a slight decrease in the rate was observed with increase in temperature. It was assumed from the above facts that adenine caused the enhancement of the inactivation of the DNA through the formation of a specific complex with riboflavin.
Mapping of brain acetylcholinesterase alterations in Lewy body disease by PET (2009)

Brain cholinergic dysfunction occurs in the cerebral cortex, especially in the medial occipital cortex. It begins in early Parkinson disease, and is more widespread and profound in both Parkinson disease with dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies.
한국직업교육학회 학술발표회 ( 1997. 5. 30 ) 논문 : 실업계 고등학교의 실태와 발전방향 (1997)

Vocational high school education has faced many obstacles and challenges. The most serious obstacle and challenge is that our society is obsessively concerned with higher education and downgrades vocational high school education. Most people in our society ignore differences in student interests and abilities. They also ignore the needs of those students who do not plan to go to colleges. Therefore, vocational high school education is needed to overcome the obstacles and challenges. Moreover, because rapid social changes and educational reform including restructuring of vocational education are occurring, vocational education in high schools is needed to adjust these social changes and educational reform. In this study, problems, results and the causes of the problems, and expected challenges were investigated, and considering all of these, future directions for vocational high schools were suggested.
Droplet Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for High Throughput Screening for Enzyme Inhibitors (2014)

High throughput screening (HTS) is important for identifying molecules with desired properties. Mass spectrometry (MS) is potentially powerful for label-free HTS due to its high sensitivity, speed, and resolution. Segmented flow, where samples are manipulated as droplets separated by an immiscible fluid, is an intriguing format for high throughput MS because it can be used to reliably and precisely manipulate nanoliter volumes and can be directly coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI) MS for rapid analysis. In this study, we describe a "MS Plate Reader" that couples standard multiwell plate HTS workflow to droplet ESI-MS. The MS plate reader can reformat 3072 samples from eight 384-well plates into nanoliter droplets segmented by an immiscible oil at 4.5 samples/s and sequentially analyze them by MS at 2 samples/s. Using the system, a label-free screen for cathepsin B modulators against 1280 chemicals was completed in 45 min with a high Z-factor (>0.72) and no false positives (24 of 24 hits confirmed). The assay revealed 11 structures not previously linked to cathepsin inhibition. For even larger scale screening, reformatting and analysis could be conducted simultaneously, which would enable more than 145,000 samples to be analyzed in 1 day.
Sources and kinetics of sulfur species in oil shale pyrolysis gas by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (1984)

A fully computer automated triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to determine 10 sulfur containing gases from oil shale pyrolysis. The gases were present in concentrations ranging from tens of percent to less than 0.1 ppM. The TQMS was found to be the only instrument available with the required speed (10 gases determined in 600 ms), dynamic range (10/sup 7/) and ability to analyze for a wide range in concentration with only a single standard. This paper describes work done with organic and inorganic spikes added to raw shales and to acid treated shales. The sulfur containing organic spikes were chosen based on their sulfur group functionality to see if they would aid in determining which sulfur functional groups in the oil shale kerogen produce various sulfur gases.
Endothelial cell adhesion in real time. Measurements in vitro by tandem scanning confocal image analysis. (1993)

Real time measurements of cell-substratum adhesion in endothelial cells were obtained by tandem scanning confocal microscopy of sites of focal contact (focal adhesions) at the abluminal cell surface. Focal contact sites were sharply defined (low radiance levels) in the living cell such that the images could be enhanced, digitized, and isolated from other cellular detail. Sites of focal contact are the principal determinant of cell-substratum adhesion. Measurements of (a) the focal contact area and (b) the closeness of contact (inverse radiance) were used to nominally define the adhesion of a single cell or field of cells, and to record spontaneous and induced changes of cell adhesion in real time. The topography of focal contacts was estimated by calculating separation distances from radiance values using a calibration technique based on interference ring optics. While slightly closer contact was noted between the cell membrane and substratum at or near the center of each focal contact, separation distances throughout the adhesion regions were always < 50 nm. Subtraction of consecutive images revealed continuous spontaneous remodeling of individual focal adhesions in unperturbed cells during periods of < 1 min. Despite extensive remodeling of focal contact sites, however, cell adhesion calculated for an entire cell over extended periods varied by < 10%. When cytoskeletal stability was impaired by exposure to cytochalasin or when cells were exposed to proteolytic enzyme, endothelial adhesion declined rapidly. Such changes were recorded at the level of single cells, groups of cells, and at single focal adhesions. In both unperturbed and manipulated cells, the dynamics of remodeling and cell adhesion characteristics varied greatly between individual sites within the same cell; disappearance of existing sites and appearance of new ones often occurred within minutes while adjacent sites underwent minimal remodelling. Tandem scanning confocal microscopy image analysis of living cells in real time provides repetitive spatial, temporal, and quantitative information about cell adhesion. Such an approach should allow more precise quantitative analyses to be made of the interactions between extracellular matrix, adhesion proteins, integrins, and the cytoskeleton in the living cell.
Using high-density exon arrays to profile gene expression in closely related species (2009)

Global comparisons of gene expression profiles between species provide significant insight into gene regulation, evolutionary processes and disease mechanisms. In this work, we describe a flexible and intuitive approach for global expression profiling of closely related species, using high-density exon arrays designed for a single reference genome. The high-density probe coverage of exon arrays allows us to select identical sets of perfect-match probes to measure expression levels of orthologous genes. This eliminates a serious confounding factor in probe affinity effects of species-specific microarray probes, and enables direct comparisons of estimated expression indexes across species. Using a newly designed Affymetrix exon array, with eight probes per exon for approximately 315,000 exons in the human genome, we conducted expression profiling in corresponding tissues from humans, chimpanzees and rhesus macaques. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of differentially expressed candidate genes is highly concordant with microarray data, yielding a validation rate of 21/22 for human versus chimpanzee differences, and 11/11 for human versus rhesus differences. This method has the potential to greatly facilitate biomedical and evolutionary studies of gene expression in nonhuman primates and can be easily extended to expression array design and comparative analysis of other animals and plants.
Families of sequences and arrays with good periodic correlation properties (1991)

Families of binary sequences with good periodic correlation properties and large linear span are described which are derived from certain multiple-valued linear feedback shift registers with composite characteristic polynomials. Multiple-valued pseudorandom arrays constructed from parent m-sequences are used to describe and analyse the formation and properties of these families. A general construction is presented which includes a number of well known families as special cases. A simple method for synthesising sequence generation is also indicated.
Multi-level cross-lingual attentive neural architecture for low resource name tagging (2017)

Neural networks have been widely used for English name tagging and have delivered state-of-the-art results. However, for low resource languages, due to the limited resources and lack of training data, taggers tend to have lower performance, in comparison to the English language. In this paper, we tackle this challenging issue by incorporating multi-level cross-lingual knowledge as attention into a neural architecture, which guides low resource name tagging to achieve a better performance. Specifically, we regard entity type distribution as language independent and use bilingual lexicons to bridge cross-lingual semantic mapping. Then, we jointly apply word-level cross-lingual mutual influence and entity-type level monolingual word distributions to enhance low resource name tagging. Experiments on three languages demonstrate the effectiveness of this neural architecture: for Chinese, Uzbek, and Turkish, we are able to yield significant improvements in name tagging over all previous baselines.
Identification and clinical assessment of suspected vaccine-related field strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. (1999)

The potential for persistence and mutation of specific strains of virus should be an important consideration when designing vaccination programs involving attenuated PRRSV.
Graves’ disease following successful treatment of severe aplastic anaemia with antilymphocyte globulin (1999)

This case report is only the third report of thyroid dysfunction following the administration of anti-lymphocyte globulin for severe aplastic anaemia. It is the first report of the development of Grave's disease. We discuss a possible mechanism by which this may occur and highlight instances of other immune-mediated diseases occurring in ALG treated patients.
A New Construction of Tooth Positioner by LTV Vinyl Silicone Rubber (1977)

The present material, having wide function area because of its excellent rubber-like elasticity, can afford to move teeth to a great degree, as compared with the conventional tooth positioner. Besides, its manipulability is preferable. So, wide application can be expected regarding the teeth movement.The preparing method by use of this material has merits as follows : 1) Silicone mixture can easily be filled into mould by disposable syringe.2) Manipulability is preferable, silicone mixture having 24-hour pot life at the room temperature.3) Curing finishes in a comparatively short time at low temperature.4) The set product is tasteless and odorless and shows preferable rubber-like elasticity.5) Preferable moulding products can be obtained by use of plaster moulds, without any special mould materials.6) Takeout of moulding products is easy, easily separated from the moulds.7) The surface of products is very lubricous.8) The products having very thin flash even in the split moulding case, have little effect on the height of bite.9) Its clinical application proves the effect of treatment to be extremely preferable.
Expression of β-amyloid precursor protein mRNAs following transient focal ischaemia (1996)

beta-Amyloid precursor protein (beta APP) can be alternatively processed to result in release of either neurotoxic amyloid beta-peptide, or secreted forms of beta APP, which might have a role in neuronal plasticity and survival. Four different forms of beta APP mRNAs have been described in rodents: APP695, APP714, APP751 and APP770. The two larger forms contain a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor domain (KPI). Since previous studies have shown increased APP immunoreactivity following brain ischaemia, we used in situ hybridization histochemistry to determine whether induction of any APP mRNA transcripts take place following focal brain ischaemia. While the hybridization signal of all APP isoforms in the infarct was lost 4-24 h following the insult, APP770 mRNA was slightly upregulated in the ipsilateral cortex and striatum 3 days after 90 min ischaemia. At 7 days post-ischaemia APP770 and APP751 mRNAs were induced in the infarct core and in a thin perifocal zone. KPI-containing APP forms are differentially induced following focal brain ischaemia, possibly as a neuroprotective response to neuronal injury.
Three-Dimensional Polygonal Building Model Estimation From Single Satellite Images (2011)

This paper introduces a novel system for automatic detection and height estimation of buildings with polygonal shape roofs in singular satellite images. The system is capable of detecting multiple flat polygonal buildings with no angular constraints or shape priors. The proposed approach employs image primitives such as lines, and line intersections, and examines their relationships with each other using a graph-based search to establish a set of rooftop hypotheses. The height (mean height from rooftop edges to the ground) of each rooftop hypothesis is estimated using shadows and acquisition geometry. The potential ambiguities in identification of shadows in an image and the uncertainty in identifying true shadows of a building have motivated for a fuzzy logic-based approach that estimates buildings heights according to the strength of shadows and the overlap between identified shadows in the image and expected shadows according to the building profile. To reduce the time complexity of the implemented system, a maximum number of eight sides for polygonal rooftops is assumed. Promising experimental results verify the effectiveness of the presented system with overall mean shape accuracy of 94% and mean height error of 0.53 m on QuickBird satellite (0.6 m/pixel) imageries.