gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous expression of Fas and nonfunctional Fas ligand in Ewing's sarcoma. (1998)

Fas-Fas ligand interactions play a central role in the regulation of the immune response. Fas ligand expression by tumors has been implicated in the abrogation of the host antitumor response by killing of Fas-positive effector lymphocytes. We have studied the presence and functional status of Fas and Fas ligand in Ewing's sarcoma. All Ewing's sarcoma cell lines tested expressed Fas on their surface. Three of the cell lines were readily killed after ligation of the Fas receptor. Four additional cell lines exhibited Fas-mediated apoptosis after preincubation with IFN-gamma and/or cycloheximide, whereas two cell lines were resistant to Fas-mediated killing. With regard to Fas ligand, all cell lines examined were positive for protein by immunoblot, and specificity was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR. However, using flow cytometric analysis, Fas ligand could only be detected in Ewing's sarcoma cells after permeabilization. Furthermore, the cell lines were not capable of inducing apoptosis of Fas-sensitive Jurkat cells. In addition, Ewing's sarcoma cell lines were able to serve as stimulators for the generation of cytotoxic effector lymphocytes and were susceptible to lysis by them. Therefore, Fas ligand is expressed in Ewing's sarcoma but is not functional, suggesting that Ewing's sarcoma is a potential target for immunotherapy.
A systematic study in CIEF: Defining and optimizing experimental parameters critical to method reproducibility and robustness (2009)

A systematic study of two-step CIEF analysis was completed to identify key components that could be optimized to enhance the performance of mAb analysis by CIEF. Resolution between mAb isoforms was increased by selecting a narrow detector aperture, utilizing chemical rather than pressure mobilization, and improving protein solubility by incorporating urea into the carrier ampholyte (CA) solutions. Loss of the extreme pI CAs and sample components by the bidirectional ITP inherent to IEF was avoided by setting the concentration of the phosphoric acid anolyte to 200 mM and sodium hydroxide catholyte to 300 mM and by adding sufficient amounts of an acidic (pI<3) and basic (10<pI) sacrificial ampholyte to the CIEF sample solution. Optimization of the concentrations of the sacrificial ampholytes, iminodiacetic acid and arginine to 1.7 and 40 mM, respectively, yielded a stable focused CA train that spanned the 4<pH<10 range without sacrificing either mAb isoform resolution or sample throughput. Intermediate precision studies performed on the CIEF method with three basic mAbs yielded 0.04 to 0.09% CVs for the estimated pI values and 0.6-3% CVs for isoform group percent composition, indicating that the two-step CIEF method developed meets the rigorous demands of therapeutic mAb analysis.
Synthesis of prostaglandins by conjugate addition and alkylation of a directed enolate ion. 11-Deoxy prostaglandins (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of prostaglandins by conjugate addition and alkylation of a directed enolate ion. 11-Deoxy prostaglandinsJohn W. Patterson Jr. and John H. FriedCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 17, 2506–2509Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00931a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00931a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views508Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Left Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Children With Refractory Epilepsy (1995)

The vagal nerve stimulator is well tolerated in children with intractable epilepsies, and it may have a role in their medical management. We were unable to determine specific epilepsies or seizures that were sensitive to this intervention.
A validated method for the determination of nicotine, cotinine, trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine, and norcotinine in human plasma using solid‐phase extraction and liquid chromatography‐atmospheric pressure chemical ionization‐mass spectrometry (2006)

A liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and norcotinine in human plasma was developed and validated. Analytes and deuterated internal standards were extracted from human plasma using solid-phase extraction and analyzed by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometric detection with selected ion monitoring (SIM). Limits of detection and quantification were 1.0 and 2.5 ng/ml, respectively, for all analytes. Linearity ranged from 2.5 to 500 ng/ml of human plasma using a weighting factor of 1/x; correlation coefficients for the calibration curves were > 0.99. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were < 15.0%. Recoveries were 108.2-110.8% nicotine, 95.8-108.7% cotinine, 90.5-99.5% trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and 99.5-109.5% norcotinine. The method was also partially validated in bovine serum, owing to the difficulty of obtaining nicotine-free human plasma for the preparation of calibrators and quality control (QC) samples. This method proved to be robust and accurate for the quantification of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and norcotinine in human plasma collected in clinical studies of acute nicotine effects on brain activity and on the development of neonates of maternal smokers.
Detection of the p53 regulator murine double-minute protein 2 in rheumatoid arthritis. (2005)

The abundant expression of MDM2 in RA may be a contributing factor to the hypoapoptotic phenotype of lining tissue through its capacity to downregulate p53 levels and effects. Further studies are required to determine the relationship between this cell-cycle protein profile, tissue hyperplasia, and the functional abnormality of p53 in RA.
Localization of Smads, the TGF-β Family Intracellular Signaling Components During Endochondral Ossification (1999)

Members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family transduce signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus via specific type I and type II receptors and Smad proteins. Smad1 and Smad5 mediate intracellular signaling of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), whereas Smad2 and Smad3 transduce TGF-beta signaling. Smad4 is a common mediator required for both pathways. Smad6 and Smad7 inhibit signaling by members of the TGF-beta superfamily. Here, we examined the expression of Smad1 to Smad7 proteins during endochondral ossification of epiphyseal plate of growing rats using immunohistochemical techniques. The expression of Smad proteins was correlated with the expression of TGF-beta1 and its receptors, and BMP-2/4 and BMP receptors. The results show that TGF-beta1 and BMP-2/4 were actively expressed in chondrocytes that are undergoing proliferation and maturation, which overlaps with expression of their corresponding type I and type II receptors. The Smads, however, exhibited a distinct expression pattern, respectively. For example, Smad1 and Smad5 were highly expressed in proliferating chondrocytes and in those chondrocytes that are undergoing maturation. The TGF-beta/activin-restricted Smads were also expressed in a nearly complementary fashion; Smad2 was strongly expressed in proliferating chondrocytes, whereas Smad3 was strongly observed in maturing chondrocytes. Smad4 was broadly expressed in all zones of epiphyseal plate. Inhibitory Smads, Smad6 and Smad7, were strongly expressed in the zone of cartilage that contained mature chondrocytes. Our findings show a colocalization of the pathway-restricted and inhibitory Smads with activating ligands or ligands whose action they antagonize and their receptors in various zones of epiphyseal growth plate, suggesting that TGF-beta superfamily Smad signaling pathways plays a morphogenic role during endochondral bone formation.
Ring Opening of Optically Active cis-Disubstituted Aziridino Alcohols: An Enantiodivergent Synthesis of Functionalized Amino Alcohol Derivatives (1996)

Ring-opening reactions of optically active cis-disuhstituted aziridino alcohols have been investigated.Regio-and stereo-selective ring opening took place with internal and external nucleophiles.Unusual amino acids derivatives (14) and (15).the key synthetic intermediates for hestatin and related peptides, have been prepared.Ring opening of aziridines has been extensively studied since it provides a convenient entry to stereoselective preparation of functionalized amino compounds which have great potential and versatility as chiral building blocks, auxiliaries, and 1igands.lThis paper focuses on ring opening of optically active cisdisuhstituted aziridino a~cohols.~The characteristic feature of the reaction is its enantiodivergency (Scheme 1).Due to the hidden symmetric nature of 1, both enantiomers of amino alcohol derivatives are obtainable from 1 simply by controlling the regiochemistly of alcohol-protection.Ring-opening reactions of 1 by intramolecular and intermolecular nucleophilic attack and its application to the synthesis of biologically active peptides are described.3Scheme 1 TS NHTs A NHTs ' 0 -0 .-Ho&oR -' ' + O R Nu 1 Nu7 in 82% yield through the same procedure as employed for the transformation of 5 to 10. Enautiomeric pair of the chiral diamine derivatives ( 10) and ( l l ) , is expected to be potentially useful chiral ligands in asymmetric ~~nthesis.7Intermolecular Ring Opening of Aziridines Ring-opening of 4 via intermolecular nucleophilic anack was examined with a variety of nucleophiles.Nitrogen-, chlorine-, carbon-, and sulfur-nucleophiles were effective.The results are compiled in Table 1.Reaction of 4 with aniline without catalyst afforded the ring-opened products, (12a) and (13a), in 54% and 23% yield, respectively (entry 1).Use of the corresponding lithium amide gave better regio-selectivity in the ring-opening reaction, though chemical yield was decreased (entry 2).Both sodium azide and trimethylsilyl azide showed poor regioselectivity (-2:l) in the reaction with 4 (entries 3 and 4).
Effects of Heme Ligand Mutations Including a Pathogenic Variant, H65R, on the Properties of Human Cystathionine β-Synthase (2002)

Human cystathionine beta-synthase is a hemeprotein that catalyzes a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent condensation of serine and homocysteine into cystathionine. Biophysical characterization of this enzyme has led to the assignment of the heme ligands as histidine and cysteinate, respectively, which has recently been confirmed by crystal structure determination of the catalytic core of the protein. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we confirm that C52 and H65 represent the thiolate and histidine ligands to the heme. Conversion of C52 to alanine or serine results in spectral properties of the resulting hemeprotein that are consistent with the loss of a thiolate ligand. Thus, the Soret peak blue-shifts from 428 to 415 and 417 nm in the ferric forms of the C52S and C52A mutants, respectively, and from 450 to 423 nm in the ferrous states of both mutants. Addition of CO to the dithionite-reduced ferrous C52 mutants results in spectra with Soret peaks at 420 nm. EPR spectroscopy of the ferric C52 variants reveals the predominance of a high-spin species. The H65R mutant, a variant described in a homocystinuric patient, has Soret peaks at 424, 421, and 420 nm in the ferric, ferrous, and ferrous CO states, respectively. EPR spectroscopy reveals predominance of the low-spin species. Both C52A and C52S mutations lead to protein with substoichiometric heme (19% with respect to wild type); however, the PLP content is comparable to that of wild-type enzyme. The heme and PLP contents of the H65R mutant are 40% and 75% that of wild-type enzyme. These results indicate that heme saturation does not dictate PLP saturation in these mutant enzymes. Both H65 and C52 variants display low catalytic activity, revealing that changes in the heme binding domain modulate activity, consistent with a regulatory role for this cofactor.
Formulation, Characterization and Hypersensitivity Evaluation of an Intravenous Emulsion Loaded with a Paclitaxel-Cholesterol Complex (2011)

The objective of this paper was to develop a novel Cremophor-free, autoclave stable, intravenous emulsion for paclitaxel (PACE). A paclitaxel-cholesterol complex was used as the drug carrier to improve the solubility of paclitaxel in the oil phase of emulsions. The complex and PACE were prepared by rotary evaporation and high-pressure homogenization, respectively. Effects of oil phases, emulsifiers and pH values on the characteristics of PACE were investigated. PACE was characterized with regard to its appearance, morphology, osmolality, pH value, particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and stability. Hypersensitivity was evaluated by guinea pig hypersensitivity reaction. The final formulation was composed of the complex, soybean oil, medium-chain triglyceridel, soybean lecithin, poloxamer 188 and glycerol. The resulting PACE had an encapsulation efficiency of 97.3% with a particle size of 135 nm and a zeta potential of -38.3 mV. Osmolality and pH of the formulation were 383 mOsmol/kg and 4.5, respectively. The formulation survived autoclaving at 115 °C for 30 min and remained stable for at least 12 months at 6 °C. PACE also exhibited a better tolerance than an equal dose of Cremophor-based paclitaxel injection in guinea pigs, as no obvious hypersensitivity reaction was observed. These results suggested that PACE has a great potential for industrial-scale production and clinical applications.
Room Temperature Single-Photon Emission from Individual Perovskite Quantum Dots (2015)

Lead-halide-based perovskites have been the subject of numerous recent studies largely motivated by their exceptional performance in solar cells. Electronic and optical properties of these materials have been commonly controlled by varying the composition (e.g., the halide component) and/or crystal structure. Use of nanostructured forms of perovskites can provide additional means for tailoring their functionalities via effects of quantum confinement and wave function engineering. Furthermore, it may enable applications that explicitly rely on the quantum nature of electronic excitations. Here, we demonstrate that CsPbX3 quantum dots (X = I, Br) can serve as room-temperature sources of quantum light, as indicated by strong photon antibunching detected in single-dot photoluminescence measurements. We explain this observation by the presence of fast nonradiative Auger recombination, which renders multiexciton states virtually nonemissive and limits the fraction of photon coincidence events to ∼6% on average. We analyze limitations of these quantum dots associated with irreversible photodegradation and fluctuations ("blinking") of the photoluminescence intensity. On the basis of emission intensity-lifetime correlations, we assign the "blinking" behavior to random charging/discharging of the quantum dot driven by photoassisted ionization. This study suggests that perovskite quantum dots hold significant promise for applications such as quantum emitters; however, to realize this goal, one must resolve the problems of photochemical stability and photocharging. These problems are largely similar to those of more traditional quantum dots and, hopefully, can be successfully resolved using advanced methodologies developed over the years in the field of colloidal nanostructures.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase enables phagocytosis of large particles by terminating actin assembly through Rac/Cdc42 GTPase-activating proteins (2015)

Phagocytosis is responsible for the elimination of particles of widely disparate sizes, from large fungi or effete cells to small bacteria. Though superficially similar, the molecular mechanisms involved differ: engulfment of large targets requires phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), while that of small ones does not. Here, we report that inactivation of Rac and Cdc42 at phagocytic cups is essential to complete internalization of large particles. Through a screen of 62 RhoGAP-family members, we demonstrate that ARHGAP12, ARHGAP25 and SH3BP1 are responsible for GTPase inactivation. Silencing these RhoGAPs impairs phagocytosis of large targets. The GAPs are recruited to large--but not small--phagocytic cups by products of PI3K, where they synergistically inactivate Rac and Cdc42. Remarkably, the prominent accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate characteristic of large-phagosome formation is less evident during phagocytosis of small targets, accounting for the contrasting RhoGAP distribution and the differential requirement for PI3K during phagocytosis of dissimilarly sized particles.
Probes of Pore Environment and Molecule−Matrix Interactions in Sol−Gel Materials (1997)

The use of molecular probes to study the nature of the local environment around dopants in silicate sol−gel materials is reviewed. The review selectively focuses on probes of pore solvent composition and molecule−matrix interactions using electronic spectroscopy. The sol−gel environment is complex; to systematize the discussion, four regions are defined. The most commonly probed region is the free liquid region where the surroundings of a dopant molecule are similar to those of an equivalent solution. The molecular composition of the mixed solvent, its polarity, and its pH are discussed. The three regions that are most important in affecting the dopant via molecule−matrix interactions are the interfacial region within a few molecular diameters of the pore wall, the pore wall itself, and the constraining regions where the distances between opposite sides of the pores are about the same as the size of the probe molecule. The aspects of molecular mobility that are reviewed are probe molecule rotation, solvent molecule motion, intramolecular motion (conformational changes), and local intermolecular mobility. Finally, a probe of matrix pore shaping is discussed. In all of the examples that are reviewed, the subject is presented from the operational and experimental measurement point of view, i.e., in terms of specific measured properties. The measured quantities are interpreted on the basis of the location of the probe molecule in the various regions of the sol−gel material and as a function of the stage of processing of the material.
A single cell observation of staurosporine effect on the Ca2+ signals in rat basophilic leukemia cells (1990)

A digital imaging fluorescence microscope was used to study the effect of a protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine on the antigen-dependent calcium signals in an individual rat basophilic leukemia cell (RBL-2H3). Although dose dependency of staurosporine was different from one cell to another, staurosporine inhibited, at low concentration, the calcium influx from the external medium into RBL-2H3 cells. At high concentration, however, it inhibited both the removal of calcium ion from internal stores and the calcium influx from the external medium. These results indicated that staurosporine is necessary for the inhibition of the calcium influx from the external medium and that a protein kinase (possibly protein kinase C) is involved in the calcium influx from the external medium into the cytoplasm.
Optical Thermal Ratchet (1995)

We present an optical realization of a thermal ratchet. Directed motion of Brownian particles in water is induced by modulating in time a spatially periodic but asymmetric optical potential. The net drift shows a maximum as a function of the modulation period. The experimental results agree with a simple theoretical model based on diffusion.
Transition ion electron paramagnetic resonance (1990)

Part 1 Introduction to electron paragmanetic resonance: EPR due to mainly two-level systems some transition-ion EPR spectra crystal fields and ligand fields. Part 2 Crystal and ligand fields and the spin Hamiltonian: review of atomic theory superposition model (SPM) molecular orbital theories the Jahn-Teller effect. Part 3 Spin Hamiltonian parameters: line broadening with fine structure resolution or ambiguities. Part 4 Experimental methods in CW-EPR: EPR spectrometers principles of design choice of microwave frequency low temperature EPR high temperatures computers in EPR. Part 5 Linewidths and computer simulation in CW-EPR: power and power-like EPR spectra quantitative spin determination statistical models of line broadening. Part 5 Representative examples of transition-metal ion EPR: planar microcycles oxygen co-ordination semiconductors zeolites and other catalysts irradiated complexes. Part 7 Coupled paramagnetic systems: dipolar coupled dimer complexes metal-nitroxy and metal-radical interactions. Part 8 Paramagnetic relaxation: classical rate theory measurement of relaxation times. Part 9 Double resonance: introduciton to the theory of ENDOR. Part 10 Electron spin echo modulation: electron spin echo ESE experimental model calculations for ESEEM. Part 11 Biological applciations of transition-ion EPR: mitochondrial electron transport chain molybdenum-containing enzymes paramagnetic metal-substituted enzymes. Part 12 Zero-field EPR: introductory theory of zero-field resonance examples of ZFR. (part contents)
Experimental Satellite Quantum Communications (2015)

Quantum communication (QC), namely, the faithful transmission of generic quantum states, is a key ingredient of quantum information science. Here we demonstrate QC with polarization encoding from space to ground by exploiting satellite corner cube retroreflectors as quantum transmitters in orbit and the Matera Laser Ranging Observatory of the Italian Space Agency in Matera, Italy, as a quantum receiver. The quantum bit error ratio (QBER) has been kept steadily low to a level suitable for several quantum information protocols, as the violation of Bell inequalities or quantum key distribution (QKD). Indeed, by taking data from different satellites, we demonstrate an average value of QBER=4.6% for a total link duration of 85 s. The mean photon number per pulse μ_{sat} leaving the satellites was estimated to be of the order of one. In addition, we propose a fully operational satellite QKD system by exploiting our communication scheme with orbiting retroreflectors equipped with a modulator, a very compact payload. Our scheme paves the way toward the implementation of a QC worldwide network leveraging existing receivers.