gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Drug Dependence and Addiction (2005)

Drug addiction is a syndrome of impaired response inhibition and salience attribution, which involves a complex neurocircuitry underlying drug reinforcement, drug craving and compulsive drugseeking and -taking behaviours despite adverse consequences. The continued elucidation of the neurobiological underpinnings of withdrawal symptoms, drug intake, craving, relapse, and co-morbid psychiatric associations has significantly boosted the development of new pharmacotherapies for the treatment of drug addiction. The present review will focus on recent advances in the development of innovative pharmacotherapeutic agents, which should promote long-lasting drug abstinence and longterm recovery, ensure satisfactory patient compliance, and have a good safety profile. First, the magnitude of the drug dependence problem will be presented by reviewing some of the most recent epidemiological data. Second, a short overview of the neurobiological substrates of drug craving and addiction will be presented. We will show that despite individual variation in the liability to the abuse of psychoactive substances, there is substantial commonality shared by drugs of abuse. The knowledge of these common mechanisms is critically important for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Third, pharmacological approaches and drug development strategies will be thoroughly discussed. The most promising strategies will be presented by reviewing key targets for drug discovery at both clinical and pre-clinical levels. Keywords: alcohol, cocaine, drug addiction, nicotine, opiates, pharmacotherapy
Melatonin Levels in Idiopathic Scoliosis (1996)

Whereas pinealectomy in young chickens leads to reduced melatonin levels and the development of scoliosis, the results of this study suggest that melatonin levels in mature patients who already have severe scoliosis do not differ from healthy subjects. Whether melatonin levels differ in humans between healthy subjects and patients with scoliosis at the time of onset of the disease remains to be seen.
Effect of Surfactant Administration on Cerebral Haemodynamics and Oxygenation in Premature Infants - A Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study (2000)

Cerebral blood volume remained constant in very-low-birth-weight infants when surfactant was administered by bolus administration followed by manual ventilation according to our protocol. Attention should be directed towards rapid adaptation of inspiratory oxygen concentrations after surfactant administration to avoid hyperoxaemia.
Novel redox shuttle additive for high-voltage cathode materials (2011)

A high voltage redox shuttle additive, tetraethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-phenylene diphosphate (TEDBPDP), has been synthesized and explored as an overcharge protection additive for lithium-ion cells. Cyclic voltammetry results indicate that the new shuttle molecule exhibits an oxidation potential at 4.8 V vs.Li/Li+, the highest one of any redox shuttles ever synthesized and reported in the literature. The charge–discharge tests for lithium ion cells with LiMn2O4 and Li1.2Ni0.15Co0.1Mn0.55O2 as cathode materials indicated that the TEDBPDP additive can provide successful overcharge protection at 4.75 V vs.Li/Li+, which is a suitable redox shuttle additive for high voltage cathode materials. In addition, the incorporated organophosphate groups in the molecule structure can provide an additional safety feature as a flame retardant additive, making this high-voltage redox shuttle even more attractive.
Sub-diffraction-limited patterning using evanescent near-field optical lithography (1999)

Patterning at resolution below the diffraction limit for projection optical lithography has been demonstrated using evanescent near-field optical lithography with broadband illumination (365–600 nm). Linewidths of 50 nm and gratings with 140 nm period have been achieved. Ultrathin photoresist layers in conjunction with conformable photomasks are employed and a reactive ion etching process using SF6 has been developed to transfer the patterns to a depth of more than 100 nm into silicon. Full electromagnetic field simulations of the exposure process show that a high contrast image is present within the resist layer, and that the exposure is dominated by one polarization for the grating structures studied.
A Comparative Analysis of Constitutive Promoters Located in Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors (2014)

The properties of constitutive promoters within adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have not yet been fully characterized. In this study, AAV vectors, in which enhanced GFP expression was directed by one of the six constitutive promoters (human β-actin, human elongation factor-1α, chicken β-actin combined with cytomegalovirus early enhancer, cytomegalovirus (CMV), simian virus 40, and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase), were constructed and introduced into the HCT116, DLD-1, HT-1080, and MCF-10A cell lines. Quantification of GFP signals in infected cells demonstrated that the CMV promoter produced the highest GFP expression in the six promoters and maintained relatively high GFP expression for up to eight weeks after infection of HCT116, DLD-1, and HT-1080. Exogenous human CDKN2A gene expression was also introduced into DLD-1 and MCF-10A in a similar pattern by using AAV vectors bearing the human β-actin and the CMV promoters. The six constitutive promoters were subsequently placed upstream of the neomycin resistance gene within AAV vectors, and HCT116, DLD-1, and HT-1080 were infected with the resulting vectors. Of the six promoters, the CMV promoter produced the largest number of G418-resistant colonies in all three cell lines. Because AAV vectors have been frequently used as a platform to construct targeting vectors that permit gene editing in human cell lines, we lastly infected the three cell lines with AAV-based targeting vectors against the human PIGA gene in which one of the six promoters regulate the neomycin resistance gene. This assay revealed that the CMV promoter led to the lowest PIGA gene targeting efficiency in the investigated promoters. These results provide a clue to the identification of constitutive promoters suitable to express exogenous genes with AAV vectors, as well as those helpful to conduct efficient gene targeting using AAV-based targeting vectors in human cell lines.
A theory of healing at a polymer-polymer interface (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA theory of healing at a polymer-polymer interfaceYoung Hwa Kim and Richard P. WoolCite this: Macromolecules 1983, 16, 7, 1115–1120Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00241a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00241a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2973Altmetric-Citations479LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Congenital Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Syndrome: A Disease That Mimics Congenital Toxoplasmosis or Cytomegalovirus Infection (1997)

These cases suggest that congenital LCM virus infection could be an underrecognized cause of congenital infection among infants born in the United States. Because of the clinical similarities of these congenital infections, cases of congenital LCM virus infection can be confused with infections with cytomegalovirus or Toxoplasma gondii.
Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and antiviral activity of some acyclic analogs of the pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics tubercidin, toyocamycin, and sangivamycin (1989)

A number of 7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]pyrrolo[2,3d-d]pyrimidine derivatives that are structurally related to toyocamycin and sangivamycin and the seco nucleosides of tubercidin, toyocamycin, and sangivamycin were prepared and tested for their biological activity. Treatment of the sodium salt of 4-amino-6-bromo-5-cyanopyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidine with 1,3-bis(benzyloxy)-2-propoxymethyl chloride afforded compound 3, which without isolation was debrominated to obtain 4-amino-5-cyano-7-[[1,3-bis(benzyloxy)-2- propoxy]methyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine. Although catalytic hydrogenolysis failed, the benzyl ether functionalities of 4 were successfully cleaved by boron trichloride to afford 4-amino-5-cyano-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2- propoxy)methyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine. Conventional functional group transformation of the cyano group of 6 provided a number of novel 5-substituted derivatives. Tubercidin (8a), toyocamycin (8b), and sangivamycin (8c) were treated separately with sodium metaperiodate and then with sodium borohydride to afford the 2',3'-seco derivatives 9a-c, respectively. The acyclic nucleoside 4-chloro-2-(methylthio)-7-[[1,3-bis(benzyloxy)-2- propoxy]methyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine was aminated, desulfurized with Raney Ni, and then debenzylated to provide the tubercidin analogue 11. Cytotoxicity evaluation against L1210 murine leukemic cells in vitro showed that although the parent compounds tubercidin (8a), toyocamycin (8b), and sangivamycin (8c) were very potent growth inhibitors, the acyclic derivatives 6, 7a-c, and 9a-c had only slight growth-inhibitory activity. Evaluation of compounds 6, 7a, 7b, 7c, 9a, 9b, 9c, 11 for cytoxicity and activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) revealed that only the carboxamide (7a) and the thioamide (7c) were active. Compound 7c was the more potent of the two, inhibiting HCMV but not HSV-1 at concentrations producing little cytotoxicity.
Range of antinuclear antibodies in “healthy” individuals (1997)

It is recommended that laboratories performing immunofluorescent ANA tests should report results at both the 1:40 and 1:160 dilutions, and should supply information on the percentage of normal individuals who are positive at these dilutions. A low-titer ANA is not necessarily insignificant and might depend on at least 4 specific factors. ANA assays can be a useful discriminant in recognizing certain disease conditions, but can create misunderstanding when the limitations are not fully appreciated.
Pyrococcus furiosus glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate oxidoreductase has comparable W6+/5+ and W5+/4+ reduction potentials and unusual [4Fe‐4S] EPR properties (1999)

Pyrococcus furiosus glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate oxidoreductase has been characterized using EPR-monitored redox titrations. Two different W signals were found. W(1)(5+) is an intermediate species in the catalytic cycle, with the midpoint potentials E(m)(W(6+/5+))=-507 mV and E(m)(W(5+/4+))=-491 mV. W(2)(5+) represents an inactivated species with E(m)(W(6+/5+))=-329 mV. The cubane cluster exhibits both S=3/2 and S=1/2 signals with the same midpoint potential: E(m)([4Fe-4S](2+/1+))=-335 mV. The S=1/2 EPR signal is unusual with all g values below 2.0. The titration results combined with catalytic voltammetry data are consistent with electron transfer from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate first to the tungsten center, then to the cubane cluster and finally to the ferredoxin.
Design of chimeric antigen receptors with integrated controllable transient functions (2016)

The ability to control T cells engineered to permanently express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is a key feature to improve safety. Here, we describe the development of a new CAR architecture with an integrated switch-on system that permits to control the CAR T-cell function. This system offers the advantage of a transient CAR T-cell for safety while letting open the possibility of multiple cytotoxicity cycles using a small molecule drug.
Fully stabilized electroabsorption-modulated tunable DBR laser transmitter for long-haul optical communications (2001)

We report on a fully functional 2.5-Gb/s electroabsorption (EA)-modulated wavelength-selectable laser module meeting all long-haul transmission requirements for stability, chirp, power and linewidth over 20 channels on a 50-GHz grid. Based on a highly integrated InP chip comprising a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser, semiconductor optical amplifier, power monitor, and EA-modulator, the compact transmitter module also contains optics and control circuits necessary to ensure simultaneous long-term wavelength and mode stability. We have achieved 2.5-Gb/s transmission on all 20 channels over 680 km of standard fiber.
Wavefront-guided Excimer Laser Vision Correction After Multifocal IOL Implantation (2008)

Wavefront-guided LASIK is safe and effective in diffractive multifocal IOLs to correct residual refractive error, but higher order aberrations did not improve. It is not recommended in refractive multifocal IOLs, as these cannot be measured reliably with current wavefront sensors.
The H.264/AVC advanced video coding standard: overview and introduction to the fidelity range extensions (2004)

H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is the latest international video coding standard. It was jointly developed by the Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) of the ITU-T and the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) of ISO/IEC. It uses state-of-the-art coding tools and provides enhanced coding efficiency for a wide range of applications, including video telephony, video conferencing, TV, storage (DVD and/or hard disk based, especially high-definition DVD), streaming video, digital video authoring, digital cinema, and many others. The work on a new set of extensions to this standard has recently been completed. These extensions, known as the Fidelity Range Extensions (FRExt), provide a number of enhanced capabilities relative to the base specification as approved in the Spring of 2003. In this paper, an overview of this standard is provided, including the highlights of the capabilities of the new FRExt features. Some comparisons with the existing MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 Part 2 standards are also provided.
Comparative characterization of Aedes 3‐hydroxykynurenine transaminase/alanine glyoxylate transaminase and Drosophila serine pyruvate aminotransferase (2002)

This study describes the comparative analysis of two insect recombinant aminotransferases, Aedes aegypti 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) transaminase/alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase (Ae-HKT/AGT) and Drosophila melanogaster serine pyruvate aminotransferase (Dm-Spat), which share 52% identity in their amino acid sequences. Both enzymes showed AGT activity. In addition, Ae-HKT/AGT is also able to catalyze the transamination of 3-HK or kynurenine with glyoxylate, pyruvate or oxaloacetate as the amino acceptor. Kinetic analysis and other data suggest that Ae-HKT/AGT plays a critical role in mosquito tryptophan catabolism by detoxifying 3-HK and that Dm-Spat is primarily involved in glyoxylate detoxification.
Rapid prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy by quantitative fluorescent PCR on fetal samples from mothers at high risk for chromosome disorders (1999)

We report the results of a prospective study using quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) and small tandem repeat markers (STR) for the rapid prenatal detection of aneuploidies in a group of pregnant women at increased risk of having fetuses with numerical chromosome disorders. Amniotic fluid samples (n = 52) were collected from mothers undergoing prenatal invasive testing for fetal abnormalities on ultrasonographic examination or abnormal maternal serum aneuploidy screening results. All samples were tested by cytogenetic analysis, but rapid diagnoses of aneuploidies were offered and performed using QF-PCR analysis with several STRs specific for chromosomes 21, 18, 13 and X. All cases with numerical chromosome aberrations involving chromosomes 21, 18 and 13 (n = 8) were correctly diagnosed. Three gonosomal aneuplodies (one 47,XXY and two 45,X) were not detected because they were uninformative for the X markers. Another sample with a deletion (46,XX,7q-), that the present assay was not designed to detect, was not identified. One sample was heavily contaminated with maternal blood and the results of the QF-PCR assays were uninformative. The remaining samples from normal fetuses provided QF-PCR patterns disomic for chromosomes 21, 18, 13 and X. Our study demonstrates that QF-PCR is a rapid method for the detection of common numerical chromosome disorders and it may play an important role in prenatal diagnosis for women at high risk for fetal aneuploidy.
Thermodynamic and structural properties of Gd3+ complexes with functionalized macrocyclic ligands based upon 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (2000)

The co-ordination properties toward Na+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Gd3+ of six ligands containing pendant functionalities attached to the common 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane macrocyclic ring have been studied by means of potentiometric and microcalorimetric methods. Stability constants for the 1,4,7,10-tetra(methylcarbamoylmethyl) ligand (DTMA), and for the new 10-(2-hydroxypropyl) 1,4,7-tri(2-hydroxymethylacetic acid) (HPDO3A-3HM) and 1,4,7-tri(2-hydroxymethylacetic acid) ligand (DO3A-3HM) are reported for the first time, while analogous data for the remaining ligands have been redetermined under the same experimental conditions (0.1 mol dm−3 NMe4Cl, 298.1 ± 0.1 K). The synthesis of DTMA is also described. The stability of the GdL complexes follows the order DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) ≈ HPDO3A [10-(2-hydroxypropyl) 1,4,7-triacetic acid] > DO3A (1,4,7-triacetic acid) > HPDO3A-3HM > DO3A-3HM > DTMA, although considering both complex formation and ligand basicity the binding selectivity of these ligands at physiological pH follows the order HPDO3A > DOTA > HPDO3A-3HM > DO3A-3HM > DO3A > DTMA. The thermodynamic resistance of the Gd3+ complexes, at a plasma concentration of clinical administrations, toward demetallation in the presence of important components of blood plasma, such as Na+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, phosphate and carbonate, has been evaluated: the results are consistent with the previous trend of binding selectivity. The formation of intermediate complexed species formed in the first minutes of the complexation reactions has been studied from a thermodynamic point of view. The crystal structure of [Gd(DTMA)(H2O)][ClO4]3·NaClO4·3H2O, solved by X-ray analysis, displays the Gd3+ ion in a 9-co-ordinated environment defined by four nitrogens of the tetraazamacrocyclic moiety, eight amidic oxygen atoms of the side arms and by an oxygen atom of a water molecule.
Bottom-Gate Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors (ZnO TFTs) for AM-LCDs (2008)

In this paper, high-performance bottom-gate thin-film transistors (TFTs) with transparent zinc oxide (ZnO) channels have been developed. The ZnO film for active channels was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. The crystallinity of the ZnO film drastically improved when it was deposited on a doublelayer SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> gate insulator. In order to achieve a ZnO TFT back-plane for liquid-crystal display (LCD) with the required pattern accuracy, dry etching of the ZnO film in an Ar and CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> chemistry has been developed. The etching rate and tapered profile of the ZnO film could be controlled by the Ar content in the etching gases of Ar and CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> . The saturation mobility (mu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> ) of the ZnO TFT strongly depended on a gate voltage. A mu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> of 5.2 & cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .(V .s) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> = 40 V and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> = 10 V, and an on/off-current ratio of 2.7 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> were obtained. A drain-current uniformity of plusmn7% was achieved within a radius of 20 mm from the substrate center. A 1.46 -in diagonal LCD with 61 600 pixels has been driven by the ZnO-TFT back-plane. A moving picture image was available on fabricated LCD driven by the ZnO TFTs.
Optimal conditions for production of dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRLL B‐512F and its properties (1995)

Abstract Dextransucrase production from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B‐512F was carried out in batch cultures under different conditions in static culture conditions. Small changes in the temperature had a significant effect on the enzyme production. A temperature of 23°C gave the maximum yield of the enzyme. An increase in the temperature to 25°C reduced the enzyme activity by 28%, while a decrease in the temperature to 20°C caused 17% reduction. Static flask culture favored the dextransucrase production as compared to the shaken flask culture. The enzyme activity in the static flask was 30% higher than the activity in rotary shaken flask culture. The dextransucrase was purified by three successive steps of precipitation using PEG 400. Purified dextransucrase exhibited maximum activity at 30°C, pH 5.2 and 10% of the substrate sucrose. Among the various stabilizers used (glycerol, PEG 8000, dextran and tween 80), glycerol provided maximum stability to the enzyme against the activity losses at temperatures 0°C and 30°C.