gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint Detection in Massive Overloaded Wireless Systems via Mixed-Norm Discrete Vector Decoding (2019)

We propose a novel ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> -norm based multi dimensional signal detection scheme for overloaded wireless systems such as Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and underdetermined Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), in which the discreteness of maximum likelihood (ML) detection is transformed into a continuous ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> -norm constraint, subsequently convexized via fractional programming (FP). As a consequence, the proposed signal detection algorithm possesses the potential to achieve ML-like performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) by properly adjusting weighting parameters, at a fraction of the cost. Simulation comparisons with state-of-the-art (SotA) alternatives are given, which illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method both in terms of its capability of outperforming the SotA and of possibilities of further improvement towards ML-like performance via the optimization of the weighting parameters.
Fully depleted surrounding gate transistor (SGT) for 70 nm DRAM and beyond (2003)

A high performance surrounding gate transistor (SGT) enabling sufficient static and dynamic retention time of future DRAM cells is presented. For the first time, we demonstrate a fully depleted SGT, that shows no reduction of the retention time due to the transient bipolar effect. This effect potentially prevents DRAM application of fully depleted SGTs and is therefore investigated in detail. Based on experimental results, the impact of the proposed SGT on the scalability and performance of future DRAMs is discussed.
Conditioning Effects of Chronic Infusions of Dobutamine (1979)

We studied the conditioning effects of chronic infusion of dobutamine and exercise training in three groups of chronically instrumented dogs. One group was infused with normal saline, a second group was infused with dobutamine (40 mug/kg per min), and the third group was exercised on a treadmill at 4 mph, up a 10 degrees incline. Each group was either infused or exercised for 2 h a day, 5 d a week for 5 consecutive wk. Resting heart rate and arterial blood lactate concentration, measured at weekly intervals, decreased progressively in the dobutamine and exercise groups, but not in the group that received normal saline infusion. Cardiovascular responses to submaximal treadmill exercise were not changed by 5 wk of normal saline infusion. However, the increases in heart rate, cardiac output, mean aortic blood pressure, arterial blood lactate, plasma renin activity, and norepinephrine concentration during exercise were significantly smaller after 5 wk of conditioning with either dobutamine or exercise training. After conditioning, the increases in arteriovenous oxygen difference during exercise were larger in the latter two groups, but the increases in total body oxygen consumption did not differ before and after conditioning. To assess ventricular function, we intravenously infused methoxamine both before and after conditioning. The slope of the line that related systolic aortic blood pressure and mean left atrial pressure increased in the animals conditioned with either dobutamine or exercise, indicating enhanced myocardial contractility. Left ventricular blood flow was lower in these two groups of animals than it was in the normal saline group. Left ventricular weight did not differ among the three groups. Our results show that chronic infusion of dobutamine produced cardiovascular and metabolic conditioning effects like those produced by exercise training, and further suggest that sympathetic stimulation during exercise plays a role in physical conditioning.
Myocardial T1 and T2 mapping at 3 T: reference values, influencing factors and implications (2013)

Myocardial T2 and T1 reference values for the specific CMR setting are provided. The diagnostic impact of the high inter-subject variability of T2 and T1 relaxation times requires further investigation.
inscuteable and numb mediate asymmetric muscle progenitor cell divisions during Drosophila myogenesis (1998)

Each larval hemisegment comprises approximately 30 uniquely specified somatic muscles. These derive from muscle founders that arise as distinct sibling pairs from the division of muscle progenitor cells. We have analyzed the progenitor cell divisions of three mesodermal lineages that generate muscle (and pericardial cell) founders. Our results show that Inscuteable and Numb proteins are localized as cortical crescents on opposite sides of dividing progenitor cells. Asymmetric segregation of Numb into one of the sibling myoblasts depends on inscuteable and is essential for the specification of distinct sibling cell fates. Loss of numb or inscuteable results in opposite cell fate transformations-both prevent sibling myoblasts from adopting distinct identities, resulting in duplicated or deleted mesodermal structures. Our results indicate that the muscle progenitor cell divisions are intrinsically asymmetric; moreover, the involvement of both inscuteable and numb/N suggests that the specification of the distinct cell fates of sibling myoblasts requires intrinsic and extrinsic cues.
Cytokine‐induced changes in the ability of astrocytes to support migration of oligodendrocyte precursors and axon growth (1998)

Repair of demyelination in the CNS requires that oligodendrocyte precursors (OPs) migrate, divide and then myelinate. Repair of axon damage requires axonal regeneration. Limited remyelination and axon regeneration occurs soon after injury, but usually ceases in a few days. In vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that astrocytic environments are not very permissive for migration of OPs or for axonal re-growth. Yet remyelination and axon sprouting early after injury occurs in association with astrocytes, while later astrocytes can exclude remyelination and prevent axon regeneration. A large and changing cast of cytokines are released following CNS injury, so we investigated whether some of these alone or in combination can affect the ability of astrocytes to support migration of OPs and neuritic outgrowth. Interleukin (IL) 1alpha, tumour necrosis factor alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF) beta, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor alone exerted little or no effect on migration of OPs on astrocytes, whereas interferon (IFN) gamma was inhibitory. The combination of IL-1alpha + bFGF was found to be pro-migratory, and this effect could be neutralized by TGFbeta. We also examined neuritic outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion explants in three-dimensional astrocyte cultures treated with cytokines and found that IL-1alpha + bFGF greatly increased axon outgrowth and that this effect could be blocked by TGFbeta and IFNgamma. All these effects were absent or much smaller when OP migration or axon growth was tested on laminin, so the main effect of the cytokines was via astrocytes. The cytokine effects did not correlate with expression on astrocytes of laminin, fibronectin, tenascin, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan, N-cadherin, polysialyated NCAM (PSA-NCAM), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or urokinase (uPA).
Specialized DNA Polymerases, Cellular Survival, and the Genesis of Mutations (2002)

Cell death caused by arrested replication of damaged or structurally altered DNA can be avoided in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells by multiple DNA polymerases that are specialized to bypass DNA damage. Some of these polymerases perform such translesion DNA synthesis of specific types of damage with high genetic fidelity. However, they exhibit greatly reduced fidelity when they operate on undamaged DNA or on DNA with lesions that are (apparently) not cognate substrates. The low fidelity of some of these specialized polymerases when copying undamaged DNA may be physiologically functional, including generating immunoglobulin diversity.
Polyamine Levels and Gastrin Receptors in Colon Cancers (1988)

Polyamines and gastrin receptors (GR) were studied in samples of colon cancer and mucosa from 40 patients and in control mucosa from 11 patients without cancer. Polyamines (i.e., putrescine, spermidine, spermine) are essential for growth and differentiation. The concentration of polyamines is elevated in rapidly proliferating normal tissues and in some cancers. The presence of GR in human colon cancers has been previously reported. The purpose of the present study was twofold: (1) to determine whether polyamine levels are elevated in colon cancers and in adjacent normal colon mucosa compared to colon mucosa from patients without cancer; and (2) to examine the relationship between polyamine levels and GR in colon cancers. Polyamine levels in colon cancers were significantly higher than in the normal colon mucosa from the same patients. The polyamines, spermidine and spermine, were significantly higher in colon mucosa from patients with cancer compared to patients without cancer. Spermidine and the spermidine:spermine ratio, an index of cell proliferation, were increased in colon cancers with GR compared to cancers without GR. There were no significant correlations between polyamine levels and the following: patient age, CEA level, site of cancer, stage, or differentiation. Because polyamine levels are increased in colon mucosa from patients with cancer, measurement of polyamines may detect patients at risk for subsequent development of colon cancer. Increased levels of polyamines in colon cancers with GR is evidence that gastrin may play a trophic role in human colon cancers.
Early diagnosis of lymphedema using multiple frequency bioimpedance. (2001)

Multiple frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) has previously been shown to provide accurate relative measures of lymphedema in the upper limb of patients (1). This paper reports the results of a three year prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of MFBIA to predict the early onset of lymphedema in patients following treatment for breast cancer. Bioelectrical impedance measurements and circumferential measurements of each upper limb were recorded in healthy control subjects (n = 60) to determine the normal range of the ratio (dominant/non-dominant) of extracellular and total limb volumes respectively. Patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of breast cancer were recruited as the study group; MFBIA and circumferential measurements were recorded pre-surgery, one month post-surgery and then at two month intervals for 24 months. One hundred and two patients were recruited into the study. Twenty patients developed lymphedema in the 24 months follow up period of this study. In each of these 20 cases MFBIA predicted the onset of the condition up to 10 months before the condition could be clinically diagnosed. Estimates of the sensitivity and specificity were both approximately 100%. At the time of detection by MFBIA, only one of the patients returned a positive test result from the total limb volumes determined from the circumferential measures. These results confirmed the suitability of the MFBIA technique as a reliable diagnostic procedure for the early detection of lymphedema.
Blockchain-based trusted authentication in cloud radio over fiber network for 5G (2017)

Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) interconnects thousands of terminal devices to support the services of Internet of Things (IoT) in 5G area. However, centralized access authentication of each terminal has been performed in mobile core network which causes an extremely high operating and capital expenditure of network. Traditional C-RAN cannot provide an authentic mechanism to guarantee the security of services and creditability of device and resource accessing with low network cost. We first propose a blockchain-based trusted authentication (BTA) architecture for 5G with blockchain-based anonymous access (BAA) scheme in cloud radio over fiber network. The feasibility and efficiency are verified on enhanced SDN testbed to enable blockchain as a service.
S‐Nitrosylation of Viral Proteins: Molecular Bases for Antiviral Effect of Nitric Oxide (1999)

Nitric oxide (NO) is considered an important signaling molecule implied in various different physiological processes, including nervous transmission, vascular regulation, and immune defence, as well as the pathogenesis of several diseases. NO reportedly also has an antiviral effect on several DNA and RNA virus families. The NO-mediated S-nitrosylation of viral and host (macro)molecules appears to be an intriguing general mechanism for the control of the virus life cycle. In this respect, NO is able to nitrosylate cysteine-containing enzymes (e.g., proteases, reverse transcriptase, and ribonucleotide reductase). Moreover, zinc-fingers and related domains present in enzymes (e.g., HIV-1-encoded integrase or herpes simplex virus type-1 heterotrimeric helicase-primase complex) or nucleocapsid proteins may be considered as NO targets. Also, NO may regulate both host (e.g., nuclear factor-kappaB) and viral-encoded (e.g., HIV-1 tat protein or Epstein-Barr virus Zta) transcriptional factors that are involved in virus replication. Finally, NO-mediated S-nitrosylation of cysteine-containing glycoproteins and hemagglutinin may also occur. Here, NO targets are summarised, and the molecular bases for the antiviral effect of NO are discussed.
Stamp Collapse in Soft Lithography (2005)

We have studied the so-called roof collapse in soft lithography. Roof collapse is due to the adhesion between the PDMS stamp and substrate, and it may affect the quality of soft lithography. Our analysis accounts for the interactions of multiple punches and the effect of elastic mismatch between the PDMS stamp and substrate. A scaling law among the stamp modulus, punch height and spacing, and work of adhesion between the stamp and substrate is established. Such a scaling law leads to a simple criterion against the unwanted roof collapse. The present study agrees well with the experimental data.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Spike of Primary Viruses Can Suppress Antibody Access to Variable Regions (2008)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope spike is a heavily glycosylated trimeric structure in which protein surfaces conserved between different HIV-1 isolates are particularly well hidden from antibody recognition. However, even variable regions on the spike tend to be less antigenic and immunogenic than one might have anticipated for external structures. Here we show that the envelope spike of primary viruses has an ability to restrict antibody recognition of variable regions. We show that access to an artificial epitope, introduced at multiple positions across the spike, is frequently limited, even though the epitope has been inserted at surface-exposed regions on the spike. Based on the data, we posit that restricted antibody access may be the result, at least in part, of a rigidification of the epitope sequence in the context of the spike and/or a highly effective flexible arrangement of the glycan shield on primary viruses. Evolution of the HIV envelope structure to incorporate extra polypeptide sequences into nominally accessible regions with limited antibody recognition may contribute to reducing the magnitude of antibody responses during infection and allow the virus to replicate unhindered by antibody pressure for longer periods.
Interleukin-6 in Renal Cell Carcinoma (1992)

We studied interleukin-6 production in 4 human renal cell carcinoma cell lines and measured the serum level in 71 patients with renal cell carcinoma, thus, clarifying a relationship between interleukin-6 secretion and an occurrence of the paraneoplastic syndrome in the carcinoma. Interleukin-6 was produced by 3 cell lines and detected in 25% of the patients. The level of interleukin-6 did not directly correlate with tumor volume and the differentiation grade of the carcinoma. However, the positive rate increased with progression of the stage. The serum level affected the 5-year survival of patients without distant metastasis. When serum interleukin-6 was elevated patients had a significantly higher frequency of unexplained fever and an elevation of acute phase proteins. These results suggest that some renal cell carcinomas can produce interleukin-6 and this cytokine is responsible for several paraneoplastic syndromes in the carcinoma.
Normally-off type nonvolatile static random access memory with perpendicular spin torque transfer-magnetic random access memory cells and smallest number of transistors (2014)

In this paper, we present a novel nonvolatile-random access memory (RAM) cell design based on a “normally-off memory architecture” using a perpendicular spin torque transfer-magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) based on a four-transistors static random access memory (SRAM) in order to reduce the operating power of mobile processors. After the cell design concept and basic operation are proposed, a stable and reliable operation for read/write is confirmed by circuit simulation.
Monodisperse Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Fluorescent Microspheres for Selective Ionophore-Based Sensing and Extraction (2001)

A convenient method for the preparation of monodisperse, plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) particles based on an automated particle casting technique is described. The particles are made highly selective for a number of ions by doping them with ionophores and other active components, in complete analogy to thin-film or fiber-optic chemical sensors. The approach used here produces spheres of high monodispersity at a rate of ∼20 000 particles/s. The casting process is based on a reproducible polymer drop formation and precipitation process, and the particles are formed under very mild, nonreactive conditions. This allows one to conveniently incorporate known amounts of different active components into the polymers. As an initial example, the particles are doped with three optical sensing components, the sodium ionophore tert-butylcalix[4]arene tetraethyl ester, the H+-chromoionophore ETH 5294, and the anionic additive sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] borate. The particles are found to be of spherical shape with a diameter of ∼10 μm. They respond individually and selectively to sodium according to classical optode theory, as determined by fluorescence microscopy. With a RSD of 1.6%, sensing reproducibility from particle to particle is excellent. This technique may allow the development of mass-produced chemically selective microspheres on the basis of bulk extraction processes.
Worldwide Survey on the Methods, Efficacy, and Safety of Catheter Ablation for Human Atrial Fibrillation (2005)

The findings of this survey provide a picture of the variable and evolving methods, efficacy, and safety of CA for AF as practiced in a large number of centers worldwide and may serve as a guide to clinicians considering therapeutic options in patients suffering from this arrhythmia.
Detection of DNA Sequences Using an Alternating Electric Field in a Nanopore Capacitor (2007)

Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that back-and-forth motion of DNA strands through a 1 nm diameter pore exhibits sequence-specific hysteresis that arises from the reorientation of the DNA bases in the nanopore constriction. Such hysteresis of the DNA motion results in detectable changes of the electrostatic potential at the electrodes of the nanopore capacitor and in a sequence-specific drift of the DNA strand under an oscillating transmembrane bias. A strategy is suggested for sequencing DNA in a nanopore using the electric field that alternates periodically in time.
Recovery and Detection of Microbial Contaminants in Some Non-Sterile Pharmaceutical Products (2013)

Background: The presence of microbial contaminants in non-sterile pharmaceutical preparations was not only found to cause spoilage of numerous products but was also proved to be a potential health hazard to the consumer. Accordingly, non-sterile preparations have to pass microbial bioburden tests and tests for the absence of certain specified indicator pathogens. The objective of this study was to test the conditions and challenges for microbial contaminants recovery and detection of specified indicator pathogens in some non-sterile pharmaceutical preparations available in the Egyptian market. Methods and findings: A total of 280 non-sterile pharmaceutical preparations were subjected to microbial limit testing using standard conventional techniques. Method suitability testing was conducted and any antimicrobial property present in the product was neutralized before routine testing. Microbial contaminants could be recovered from 27.6 % of the tested products with oral preparations showing a higher incidence of contamination (33.75%) in comparison to the topical preparations (19.1%). For bacterial counts, six products (3 syrups, 2 tablets and 1 cream) were found to exceed the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specified limits whilst for fungal counts, three oral preparations (syrups) exceeded the USP specified limits. Regarding the isolates, a total of 60 bacterial and 31 fungal isolates were recovered with gram positive bacilli and molds accounting for the majority of isolates. Eight isolates were USP indicator pathogens; five Staphylococcus aureus isolates were recovered from a cream, a gel, an ointment, a tablet and a syrup; one Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate was recovered from a capsule; one Escherichia coli isolate and one Candida albicans isolate were recovered from syrups. Conclusion: Testing conditions and challenges could be overcome for recovery and detection of microbial contaminants in collected non sterile pharmaceutical preparations. The microbiological quality of the examined products was, in general, adequate with the exception of few cases. Producers should pay more attention to manufacturing practices and adhere to guidelines given by relevant government authorities. Several measures, including equipment automation, monitoring programs and post-marketing surveillance may be imposed to further reduce the level of microbial contamination of non-sterile pharmaceutical products.
Distributed Sparse Linear Regression (2010)

The Lasso is a popular technique for joint estimation and continuous variable selection, especially well-suited for sparse and possibly under-determined linear regression problems. This paper develops algorithms to estimate the regression coefficients via Lasso when the training data are distributed across different agents, and their communication to a central processing unit is prohibited for e.g., communication cost or privacy reasons. A motivating application is explored in the context of wireless communications, whereby sensing cognitive radios collaborate to estimate the radio-frequency power spectrum density. Attaining different tradeoffs between complexity and convergence speed, three novel algorithms are obtained after reformulating the Lasso into a separable form, which is iteratively minimized using the alternating-direction method of multipliers so as to gain the desired degree of parallelization. Interestingly, the per agent estimate updates are given by simple soft-thresholding operations, and inter-agent communication overhead remains at affordable level. Without exchanging elements from the different training sets, the local estimates consent to the global Lasso solution, i.e., the fit that would be obtained if the entire data set were centrally available. Numerical experiments with both simulated and real data demonstrate the merits of the proposed distributed schemes, corroborating their convergence and global optimality. The ideas in this paper can be easily extended for the purpose of fitting related models in a distributed fashion, including the adaptive Lasso, elastic net, fused Lasso and nonnegative garrote.
Regulation of Human Skeletal Stem Cells Differentiation by Dlk1/Pref-1 (2004)

During hMSC differentiation, Dlk1/Pref-1 maintains the size of the bipotential progenitor cell pool by inhibiting the formation of mature osteoblasts and adipocytes.