gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining RGB and ToF cameras for real-time 3D hand gesture interaction (2011)

Time-of-Flight (ToF) and other IR-based cameras that register depth are becoming more and more affordable in consumer electronics. This paper aims to improve a realtime hand gesture interaction system by augmenting it with a ToF camera. First, the ToF camera and the RGB camera are calibrated, and a mapping is made from the depth data to the RGB image. Then, a novel hand detection algorithm is introduced based on depth and color. This not only improves detection rates, but also allows for the hand to overlap with the face, or with hands from other persons in the background. The hand detection algorithm is evaluated in these settings, and compared to previous algorithms. Furthermore, the depth information allows us to track the position of the hand in 3D, allowing for more interesting modes of interaction. Finally, the hand gesture recognition algorithm is applied to the depth data as well, and compared to the recognition based on the RGB images. The result is a real-time hand gesture interaction system that allows for complex 3D gestures and is not disturbed by objects or persons in the background.
Palladium Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Prochiral Nucleophiles:  Horsfiline (2006)

[reaction; see text] The asymmetric synthesis of the oxindole alkaloid horsfiline is described. A palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) is used to set the spiro(pyrrolidine-oxindole) stereogenic center.
Direct synthesis of monodispersed thiol-functionalized nanoporous silica spheres and their application to a colloidal crystal embedded with gold nanoparticles (2007)

Highly monodispersed thiol-functionalized nanoporous silica spheres with diameters in the submicron range were successfully synthesized via a surfactant-directed co-condensation of tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS) and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) in a very dilute alkaline methanol–water mixture. The incorporation of the thiol groups induced no drastic change in particle morphology in our reaction system, and the uniform spherical shape and the ordered hexagonal porous structure were simultaneously achieved when the molar ratio of MPTMS in the silica source was below 0.5. The inclusion of thiol groups into ordered nanoporous spheres was confirmed with EDX analysis, Raman spectroscopy, 29Si MAS NMR, and sorption measurements. By using the thiol groups as the adsorption sites of a gold precursor, the thiol-functionalized spheres were converted into monodispersed gold-nanoparticle-embedded nanoporous spheres. The resultant spheres were readily self-assembled into a close-packed colloidal crystalline array, which exhibited an optical stop band corresponding to Bragg diffraction as well as a surface-plasmon-derived adsorption peak. The current work provides a versatile route to multi-functional colloidal crystals with hierarchical porosity from modified porous spheres.
PolyFit: Polygonal Surface Reconstruction from Point Clouds (2017)

We propose a novel framework for reconstructing lightweight polygonal surfaces from point clouds. Unlike traditional methods that focus on either extracting good geometric primitives or obtaining proper arrangements of primitives, the emphasis of this work lies in intersecting the primitives (planes only) and seeking for an appropriate combination of them to obtain a manifold polygonal surface model without boundary. We show that reconstruction from point clouds can be cast as a binary labeling problem. Our method is based on a hypothesizing and selection strategy. We first generate a reasonably large set of face candidates by intersecting the extracted planar primitives. Then an optimal subset of the candidate faces is selected through optimization. Our optimization is based on a binary linear programming formulation under hard constraints that enforce the final polygonal surface model to be manifold and watertight. Experiments on point clouds from various sources demonstrate that our method can generate lightweight polygonal surface models of arbitrary piecewise planar objects. Besides, our method is capable of recovering sharp features and is robust to noise, outliers, and missing data.
Multidimensional separation of isomeric species of chlorinated hydrocarbons such as PCB, PCDD, and PCDF (1985)

Abstract A multidimensional GC‐system containing two capillary columns of different polarities, operated within a double oven instrument, was used for the optimized separation of complex isomeric mixtures of various types of chlorinated aromatic compounds such as PCB, PCDD, or PCDF. Electron capture was applied parallel to flame ionization detection to obtain sensitive signals of the PCB or PCDD and the n ‐alkane standards required for identification by Kovats indices, respectively. Electron capture detection within a valvelessly operated MDGC system forced changes in the usual instrumental set‐up, the live‐switching coupling piece being located within the second oven of the double oven instrument. This oven is operated isothermally to ensure optimal and interference‐free detection, for stable flow conditions within the coupling piece and for the determination of the isothermal retention indices (Kovats), which are much more suitable for identification by retention than the so‐called “linear” indices.
Hydrogel sealant versus sutures to prevent fluid egress after cataract surgery (2014)

In this study, 97.6% of CCIs leaked after cataract surgery. The hydrogel sealant was safe and effective and better than a suture for the intraoperative management of CCIs with leakage as seen on Seidel testing and for the prevention of postoperative fluid egress.
Identification of a functional transposase of the Tol2 element, an Ac -like element from the Japanese medaka fish, and its transposition in the zebrafish germ lineage (2000)

The Tol2 element of the medaka fish Oryzias latipes belongs to the hAT family of transposons (hobo/Ac/Tam3). We report here identification of a functional transposase of Tol2 that is capable of catalyzing its transposition in the germ line of zebrafish Danio rerio. A transcript produced from Tol2 encodes a putative transposase. Zebrafish fertilized eggs were coinjected with mRNA transcribed in vitro, using cDNA of the Tol2 transcript as a template and a plasmid DNA harboring a mutant Tol2, which had a deletion in the putative transposase gene but retained necessary cis sequences. The injected fish were raised to adulthood and mated to noninjected fish, and genomic DNA of the progeny fish were analyzed by PCR and Southern hybridization. Half of F(1) fish obtained from one of eight injected fish contained the Tol2 DNA in their genomes but not the vector portion. Among these F(1) fish, Tol2 insertions at four different loci were identified, and some F(1) fish carried two or three different Tol2 insertions, indicating that the germ line of the founder fish is highly mosaic. Sequencing analyses revealed that, in all cases, Tol2 was surrounded by zebrafish genomic sequences, and an 8-bp duplication was created at the target site, indicating that Tol2 was integrated in the zebrafish genome through transposition. This study identifies an autonomous member of a DNA-based transposable element from a vertebrate genome. The Tol2 transposon system should thus be used to develop novel transgenesis and insertional mutagenesis methods in zebrafish and possibly in other fishes.
Blind system identification (1997)

Blind system identification (BSI) is a fundamental signal processing technology aimed at retrieving a system's unknown information from its output only. This technology has a wide range of possible applications such as mobile communications, speech reverberation cancellation, and blind image restoration. This paper reviews a number of recently developed concepts and techniques for BSI, which include the concept of blind system identifiability in a deterministic framework, the blind techniques of maximum likelihood and subspace for estimating the system's impulse response, and other techniques for direct estimation of the system input.
Preliminary analysis and annotation of the partial genome sequence of Francisella tularensis strain Schu 4 (2001)

1. Summary, 614 2. Introduction, 614 3. Materials and methods, 615 3.1. Sequencing and assembly, 615 3.2. Sequence analysis, 615 3.3. Gap closure strategy, 615 4. Results, 615 4.1. Selection of strain for genome sequencing, 615 4.2. Initial assembly, 615 4.3. Confirmation of authenticity of library, 616 4.4. Preliminary annotation, 616 4.5. Amino acid biosynthesis, 617 4.6. Purine biosynthesis, 617 5. Discussion, 617 6. References, 619 Francisella tularensis, the aetiological agent of tularemia, is an important pathogen throughout much of the Northern hemisphere. We have carried out sample sequencing of its genome in order to gain a greater insight into this organism about which very little is known, especially at the genetic level. Nucleotide sequence data from a genomic DNA shotgun library of the virulent F. tularensis strain Schu 4 has been partially assembled to provide 1·83 Mb of the genome sequence. A preliminary analysis of the F. tularensis genome sequence has been performed and the data compared with 20 fully sequenced and annotated bacterial genomes. Plasmid‐encoded genes, previously isolated from low virulence strains of F. tularensis, were not identified. A total of 1289 potential coding ORFs were identified in the data set. An analysis of this data revealed 413 ORFs which would encode proteins with no homology to known proteins. ORFs which could encode proteins involved in amino acid and purine biosynthesis were also identified. These biosynthetic pathways provide targets for the construction of a defined attenuated mutant of F. tularensis for use as a vaccine against tularemia.
An improved method for endothelial cell seeding on polytetrafluoroethylene small caliber vascular grafts. (1992)

The creation of nonthrombogenic synthetic surfaces is a major challenge in biomedical research. The feature that clearly distinguishes natural blood vessels from their artificial counterparts is the presence of endothelial cell lining that besides being nonthrombogenic is capable of repair and renewal. This study describes a method of coating vascular grafts with a uniform, naturally produced subendothelial extracellular matrix before implantation. This substrate provides a most suitable bilayer for endothelial cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation, as compared with grafts coated with fibronectin or basement membrane extracts. It contains both adhesive glycoproteins (fibronectin, laminin, collagen) and proteoglycans (heparan sulfate) as well as endothelial cell growth factors (basic fibroblast growth factor) that support adhesion and normal growth of suboptimal concentrations of endothelial cells. We suggest that the presence in extracellular matrix of both adhesive macromolecules and potent endothelial cell-growth promoting factors will make the extracellular matrix a promising substrate for vascular grafts.
Delivery and Biodistribution of siRNA for Cancer Therapy: Challenges and Future Prospects (2012)

RNAi-based approaches provide a promising therapeutic modality for the treatment of cancer. The inaccessibility of tumors in different cancer types necessitates the development of safe, specific and efficient systemic delivery systems to meet therapeutic need. The translation of siRNA-based cancer therapeutics to the clinic is hindered by several challenges associated with the cargo (siRNA) and the delivery system, including susceptibility to nucleases; insufficient circulation half-life due to phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system, transient and poor biodistribution in the tumor tissue; cellular uptake; inability to escape endosomes and release into the cytosolic compartment for an RNAi-mediated effect; microRNA-like unintended off-target effects; undesirable immune stimulation; and carrier-related toxicity. This review provides an overview of the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution challenges witnessed in the delivery of siRNA when administered systemically. It also describes the current delivery approaches using liposome-, polymer- and peptide-based delivery systems shown to elicit significant gene silencing and tumor growth regression in proof-of-concept studies. As part of future perspectives, delivery agents that showed significant efficacy in preclinical rodent models and clinical trials are also reviewed.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Selectively Alters the Activity and Expression of Cell Cycle Proteins Leading to Specific Chromatin Acetylation and Antiproliferative Effects (1999)

Histone acetylation is emerging as a major regulatory mechanism thought to modulate gene expression by altering the accessibility of transcription factors to DNA. In this study, treatment of human tumor cells with the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trapoxin (TPX), resulted in selective changes in genes that control the cell cycle. TPX activated p21(waf1) transcription that led to elevated p21(waf1) protein levels in three human tumor cell lines without altering the protein levels of cdk2, cdk4, or cyclin B. In addition, TPX increased cyclin E transcription without increasing the levels of Rb, E2F, dihydrofolate reductase, or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The elevated levels of p21(waf1) protein led to decreased Rb phosphorylation and cdk2 activity. These effects resulted in G(1) and G(2) cell cycle arrest in H1299 human lung and MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells and apoptosis in A549 lung carcinoma cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that TPX increased the level of chromatin acetylation associated with histone H3 in the trapoxin-responsive region of the p21(waf1) promoter. This study demonstrates that inhibition of HDAC by TPX increases acetylation of H3-associated chromatin and alters gene expression with marked selectivity.
Neutralizing antibodies to Escherichia coli Vero cytotoxin 1 and antibodies to O157 lipopolysaccharide in healthy farm family members and urban residents (1996)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to Escherichia coli O157 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was developed with sera from 63 children with confirmed recent E. coli O157 infection and from 256 age-stratified urban controls. The median ELISA values for control and case sera were 0.05 (interquartile range, 0 to 0.20; mean +/- standard deviation [SD], 0.15 +/- 0.22) and 1.41 (interquartile range, 1.11 to 1.59; mean +/- SD, 1.41 +/- 0.53), respectively (P < 0.001). With a breakpoint of 0.59 (mean ELISA value of the control sera + 2 SDs), the assay had a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 95, 94, 80, and 98%, respectively, for recent E. coli O157 infection. The O157 LPS assay and Vero cytotoxin (VT) 1-neutralizing-antibody (NAb) assay were used to compare the relative frequencies of O157 LPS antibodies and VT1-NAbs in an age-stratified urban population from Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and in 216 healthy family members from dairy farm in southern Ontario. The frequency of O157 LPS antibodies was about threefold higher in dairy farm residents (12.5%) than in urban residents (4.7%) (P < 0.01). Similarly, the frequency of VT1-NAbs was about sixfold higher in dairy farm residents (42.0%) than in urban residents (7.7%) (P < 0.001). These findings are consistent with a greater level of exposure of dairy farm residents to VT-producing E. coli (VTEC) strains. The high rate of seropositivity to VT1 in farm residents probably reflects the booster effect of repeated VTEC exposures and argues against a sustained generalized immunosuppressive effect of VT1. Seroepidemiological studies may help in assessing the level of exposure of different populations to VTEC strains.
Analysis of diversity reception improvements in spread spectrum receivers (2002)

This paper describes how bearing estimation techniques may be applied to a direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) system in order to provide an effective spatial diversity receiver. This structure is proposed as a method of increasing the capacity of a cellular code division multiple access (CDMA) system. Firstly, the subject of an optimum diversity system using bearing estimation is addressed. It is demonstrated that a N-element antenna diversity system improves the mean signal-to-noise ratio for a CDMA system in proportion to N, which can considerably improve bit error rate (BER) performance. The operation of the receiver in a cellular telephone network is discussed and the improvement in user capacity provided by such a system with perfect power control is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Glycan Microarray Analysis of P-type Lectins Reveals Distinct Phosphomannose Glycan Recognition (2009)

The specificity of the cation-independent and -dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptors (CI-MPR and CD-MPR) for high mannose-type N-glycans of defined structure containing zero, one, or two Man-P-GlcNAc phosphodiester or Man-6-P phosphomonoester residues was determined by analysis on a phosphorylated glycan microarray. Amine-activated glycans were covalently printed on N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated glass slides and interrogated with different concentrations of recombinant CD-MPR or soluble CI-MPR. Neither receptor bound to non-phosphorylated glycans. The CD-MPR bound weakly or undetectably to the phosphodiester derivatives, but strongly to the phosphomonoester-containing glycans with the exception of a single Man7GlcNAc2-R isomer that contained a single Man-6-P residue. By contrast, the CI-MPR bound with high affinity to glycans containing either phospho-mono- or -diesters although, like the CD-MPR, it differentially recognized isomers of phosphorylated Man7GlcNAc2-R. This differential recognition of phosphorylated glycans by the CI- and CD-MPRs has implications for understanding the biosynthesis and targeting of lysosomal hydrolases.
Studying vibrational wavepacket dynamics by measuring fluorescence interference fluctuations (2000)

The principle of coherence observation by interference noise [COIN, Kinrot et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3822 (1995)] has been applied as a new approach to measuring wavepacket motion. In the COIN experiment pairs of phase-randomized femtosecond pulses with relative delay time τ prepare interference fluctuations in the excited state population, so the correlated noise of fluorescence intensity—the variance varF(τ)—directly mimics the dynamics of the propagating wavepacket. The scheme is demonstrated by measuring the vibrational coherence of wavepacket motion in the B-state of gaseous iodine. The COIN interferograms obtained recover propagation, recurrences and spreading as the typical signature of wavepackets. The COIN measurements were performed with precisely tuned excitation pulses which cover the bound part of the B-state surface up to the dissociative limit. In combination with preliminary numerical calculations, comparison has been made with results from previous phase-locked wavepacket interferometry and pump-probe experiments, and conclusions drawn about the limitations of the method and its applicability to quantum dynamical research.
Wild-Type MIC Distribution and Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Aspergillus fumigatus and Three Triazoles as Determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Broth Microdilution Methods (2009)

Antifungal susceptibility testing of Aspergillus species has been standardized by both the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Recent studies suggest the emergence of strains of Aspergillus fumigatus with acquired resistance to azoles. The mechanisms of resistance involve mutations in the cyp51A (sterol demethylase) gene, and patterns of azole cross-resistance have been linked to specific mutations. Studies using the EUCAST broth microdilution (BMD) method have defined wild-type (WT) MIC distributions, epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs), and cross-resistance among the azoles. We tested a collection of 637 clinical isolates of A. fumigatus for which itraconazole MICs were < or = 2 microg/ml against posaconazole and voriconazole using the CLSI BMD method. An ECV of < or = 1 microg/ml encompassed the WT population of A. fumigatus for itraconazole and voriconazole, whereas an ECV of < or = 0.25 microg/ml was established for posaconazole. Our results demonstrate that the WT distribution and ECVs for A. fumigatus and the mold-active triazoles were the same when determined by the CLSI or the EUCAST BMD method. A collection of 43 isolates for which itraconazole MICs fell outside of the ECV were used to assess cross-resistance. Cross-resistance between itraconazole and posaconazole was seen for 53.5% of the isolates, whereas cross-resistance between itraconazole and voriconazole was apparent in only 7% of the isolates. The establishment of the WT MIC distribution and ECVs for the azoles and A. fumigatus will be useful in resistance surveillance and is an important step toward the development of clinical breakpoints.
Nonverbal Learning Disabilities: The Syndrome and the Model (1989)

Introduction. Learning Disability Subtype Studies. Socio-emotional Disturbances of Learning-Disabled Children. The Rourke Right-->Left Model. The NLD Syndrome: Characteristics, Dynamics, and Manifestations. The Rourke NLD Right Left, Down Up, Back Front Model. Clinical Aspects of the NLD Syndrome and Model. Implications for Learning Disability Definitions and Future Research.
Chemokines — Chemotactic Cytokines That Mediate Inflammation (1998)

The attraction of leukocytes to tissues is essential for inflammation and the host response to infection. The process is controlled by chemokines, which are chemotactic cytokines. This review introduces the burgeoning family of cytokines, with special emphasis on their role in the pathophysiology of disease and their potential as targets for therapy.Structure and Function of ChemokinesOver 40 chemokines have been identified to date, most of them in the past few years. The relations among chemokines were not initially appreciated, which led to an idiosyncratic nomenclature consisting of many acronyms. When initially identified, these proteins had no known biologic . . .
The non-classical HLA class I molecule HFE does not influence the NK-like activity contained in fresh human PBMCs and does not interact with NK cells (2004)

In humans, four beta2-microglobulin-associated non-classical class I molecules are encoded in the MHC: HLA-E, -F, -G and -H. Three of them (HLA-E, -F and -G) were shown to inhibit NK activity. On the contrary, the fourth one, HLA-H, named HFE after it was found to be mutated in patients suffering from inherited hemochromatosis, has been shown to be involved only in the regulation of iron uptake. We tested the capacity of HFE to affect (enhance or reduce) specifically the NK activity contained in non-manipulated fresh human PBMCs. We showed that HFE expression by target cells does not affect their killing by the NK-like activity contained in PBMCs. Moreover, using fluorescent HFE tetramers, we could confirm that blood NK cells as well as blood gammadelta T cells do not bind HFE. Altogether, our data indicate that HFE does not affect the NK activity contained in the PBMCs.
Why women consult with increased vaginal bleeding: a case-control study. (2002)

Interference in life caused by heaviness of periods appears to be a powerful initiator of consultation with increased vaginal bleeding. Perceived heavy periods and psychological disturbance are weaker predictors. Women presenting to primary care with increased vaginal bleeding are more likey to have a psychological disturbance than women from the community or those consulting with another illness.
Stable aqueous dispersions of graphitic nanoplatelets via the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (2005)

For the first time, stable aqueous dispersions of polymer-coated graphitic nanoplatelets can be prepared via an exfoliation/in-situ reduction of graphite oxide in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate).