gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of tMAC: a Drosophila testis-specific meiotic arrest complex paralogous to Myb–Muv B (2007)

The Drosophila Myb-Muv B (MMB)/dREAM complex regulates gene expression and DNA replication site-specifically, but its activities in vivo have not been thoroughly explored. In ovarian amplification-stage follicle cell nuclei, the largest subunit, Mip130, is a negative regulator of replication, whereas another subunit, Myb, is a positive regulator. Here, we identified a mutation in mip40 and generated a mutation in mip120, two additional MMB subunits. Both mutants were viable, but mip120 mutants had many complex phenotypes including shortened longevity and severe eye defects. mip40 mutant females had severely reduced fertility, whereas mip120 mutant females were sterile, substantiating ovarian regulatory role(s) for MMB. Myb accumulation and binding to polytene chromosomes was dependent on the core factors of the MMB complex. In contrast to the documented mip130 mutant phenotypes, both mip40 and mip120 mutant males were sterile. We purified Mip40-containing complexes from testis nuclear extracts and identified tMAC, a new testis-specific meiotic arrest complex that contained Mip40, Caf1/p55, the Mip130 family member, Always early (Aly), and a Mip120 family member, Tombola (Tomb). Together, these data demonstrate that MMB serves diverse roles in different developmental pathways, and members of MMB can be found in alternative, noninteracting complexes in different cell types.
Effect of Polymer Processing on the Performance of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/ZnO Nanorod Photovoltaic Devices (2007)

Effective infiltration of the polymer into the nanostructured oxide is critical for optimizing the performance of hybrid π-conjugated polymer/nanostructured metal oxide semiconductor photovoltaic devices. We investigated the effect of polymer processing parameters, solvent selection, and thermal annealing on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/ZnO nanorod photovoltaic devices and found that these play an important role in the degree of polymer infiltration and the subsequent device performance. We demonstrate that using dichlorobenzene as a solvent produced better performance devices than using chloroform. In addition, the infiltration of P3HT into the ZnO nanorod array has been improved through annealing and subsequent slow cooling. Time-resolved microwave conductivity studies reveal an increase in the photoconductivity of the composite devices with annealing, resulting from changes in both the polymer and ZnO. The device performance was shown to increase with enhanced infiltration, and the devices that had been slow cooled from melt at 225 °C demonstrated a VOC of 440 mV, a JSC of 1.33 mA/cm2, a fill factor of 48%, and a power conversion efficiency of 0.28%. In contrast to previously published results on P3HT infiltrated into mesoporous TiO2 (Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 3380), we found that the device performance improves with increasing amount of the polymer embedded in the ZnO arrays, through proper solvent selection and polymer processing.
PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) (1996)

This document defines a method for Authentication using PPP, which
uses a random Challenge, with a cryptographically hashed Response
which depends upon the Challenge and a secret key. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
A CRISPR-Based Screen Identifies Genes Essential for West-Nile-Virus-Induced Cell Death (2015)

West Nile virus (WNV) causes an acute neurological infection attended by massive neuronal cell death. However, the mechanism(s) behind the virus-induced cell death is poorly understood. Using a library containing 77,406 sgRNAs targeting 20,121 genes, we performed a genome-wide screen followed by a second screen with a sub-library. Among the genes identified, seven genes, EMC2, EMC3, SEL1L, DERL2, UBE2G2, UBE2J1, and HRD1, stood out as having the strongest phenotype, whose knockout conferred strong protection against WNV-induced cell death with two different WNV strains and in three cell lines. Interestingly, knockout of these genes did not block WNV replication. Thus, these appear to be essential genes that link WNV replication to downstream cell death pathway(s). In addition, the fact that all of these genes belong to the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway suggests that this might be the primary driver of WNV-induced cell death.
Arginine Vasopressin for the Treatment of Septic Shock in Adults (2010)

Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of mortality in the United States. Cardiovascular compromise is one of the major contributors to the high mortality associated with sepsis. Current cardiovascular support in patients with septic shock involves fluid administration, use of catecholamines, and potentially the use of inotropes, corticosteroids, or arginine vasopressin. Vasopressin is an endogenous hormone essential for both osmotic and cardiovascular homeostasis. Various studies have suggested that exogenous administration of arginine vasopressin may be an effective adjunctive therapy to traditional catecholamines for the management of hypotension during septic shock. Of particular interest is the Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial (VASST), which found no mortality benefit when comparing the addition of arginine vasopressin to norepinephrine versus continuous dose increases in norepinephrine alone. However, results of the a priori subgroup and post hoc analyses of this trial suggest that patients may benefit if arginine vasopressin is used in patients with less severe shock, defined as those receiving a relatively low norepinephrine-equivalent dose of 5-14 μg/minute, or in those at risk for renal failure. Current guidelines from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommend arginine vasopressin 0.03 unit/minute may be added to norepinephrine with the anticipation of an effect equal to higher doses of norepinephrine alone. Many practitioners continue to utilize arginine vasopressin for patients with septic shock due to its mechanisms of benefit on pathophysiologic derangements in this disease. Clinicians must be knowledgeable about the use of arginine vasopressin in septic shock, including controversial areas where guidelines do not always provide concrete recommendations.
Datagram Transport Layer Security for Stream Control Transmission Protocol (2007)

This document describes the usage of the Datagram Transport Layer
Security (DTLS) protocol over the Stream Control Transmission Protocol
(SCTP). The user of DTLS over SCTP can take advantage of all features
provided by SCTP and its extensions, especially support of o multiple
streams to avoid head of line blocking. o multi-homing to provide
network level fault tolerance. o unordered delivery. o partial
reliable data transfer.
Original Ligand for LTβR Is LIGHT: Insight into Evolution of the LT/LTβR System (2018)

The lymphotoxin (LT)/LTβ receptor (LTβR) axis is crucial for the regulation of immune responses and development of lymphoid tissues in mammals. Despite the importance of this pathway, the existence and function of LT and LTβR remain obscure for nonmammalian species. In this study, we report a nonmammalian LTβR and its ligand. We demonstrate that TNF-New (TNFN), which has been considered orthologous to mammalian LT, was expressed on the cell surface as a homomer in vitro. This different protein structure indicates that TNFN is not orthologous to mammalian LTα and LTβ. Additionally, we found that LTβR was conserved in teleosts, but the soluble form of recombinant fugu LTβR did not bind to membrane TNFN under the circumstance tested. Conversely, the LTβR recombinant bound to another ligand, LIGHT, similar to that of mammals. These findings indicate that teleost LTβR is originally a LIGHT receptor. In the cytoplasmic region of fugu LTβR, recombinant fugu LTβR bound to the adaptor protein TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 2, but little to TRAF3. This difference suggests that teleost LTβR could potentially activate the classical NF-κB pathway with a novel binding domain, but would have little ability to activate an alternative one. Collectively, our results suggested that LIGHT was the original ligand for LTβR, and that the teleost immune system lacked the LT/LTβR pathway. Acquisition of the LT ligand and TRAF binding domain after lobe-finned fish may have facilitated the sophistication of the immune system and lymphoid tissues.
Once daily flupenthixol in the treatment of elderly depressed patients: A multi-centre trial in general practice (1981)

Ninety-five elderly depressed patients were entered into an open trial of 0.5 to 1.0 mg flupenthixol dihydrochloride, as a single daily dose in the morning. Eighty-seven patients were treated and assessed for 14 days, 6 patients failed to attend follow-up appointments and 2 patients were withdrawn from the trial because of acute physical illness. After 14-days' treatment, a decrease in the severity of the illness was recorded on the Clinical Global Impression Scale in 77% of the patients, and statistically significant improvements were noted in the 5 individually rated symptoms of lowered mood, fatigue, tendency to weep, feelings of inadequacy and irritability. The number and severity of adverse effects recorded on a check-list decreased during the treatment period. The results suggest that flupenthixol is an effective antidepressant and is well tolerated by the elderly as a single daily dose.
Antibody-IL-12 Fusion Proteins Are Effective in SCID Mouse Models of Prostate and Colon Carcinoma Metastases (1998)

IL-12 is a complex cytokine in both its structure and its range of biologic activities. Fusions of this heterodimeric molecule with an intact antitumor Ab were made to test the feasibility and efficacy of targeting IL-12 to tumors to elicit a local immune response. Fusion proteins composed of the human p35 and p40 subunits had IL-12 bioactivities that were nearly as potent on human immune cells as the rIL-12 standard, but were inactive on mouse cells. Hybrid IL-12 fusion proteins composed of mouse p35 and human p40, fused to Ab, were capable of inducing IFN-gamma, but were much less active on mouse spleen cells than a mouse IL-12 standard. Despite this relatively low activity, the hybrid fusion protein was as effective in a SCID mouse model as a fully active Ab-IL-2 fusion protein in eliminating established pulmonary metastases of CT26 colon carcinoma. Specific targeting of a human IL-12 fusion protein to metastatic prostate carcinoma xenografts was also shown to be effective in SCID mice transplanted with human lymphocyte-activated killer cells. These results demonstrate the importance of directing this potent cytokine to the tumor microenvironment and suggest an important alternative to systemic IL-12 administration or gene therapy for increasing its therapeutic index.
Tyrosine sulfation is a trans-Golgi-specific protein modification. (1987)

The trans-Golgi has been recognized as having a key role in terminal glycosylation and sorting of proteins. Here we show that tyrosine sulfation, a frequent modification of secretory proteins, occurs specifically in the trans-Golgi. The heavy chain of immunoglobulin M (IgM) produced by hybridoma cells was found to contain tyrosine sulfate. This finding allowed the comparison of the state of sulfation of the heavy chain with the state of processing of its N-linked oligosaccharides. First, the pre-trans-Golgi forms of the IgM heavy chain, which lacked galactose and sialic acid, were unsulfated, whereas the trans-Golgi form, identified by the presence of galactose and sialic acid, and the secreted form of the IgM heavy chain were sulfated. Second, the earliest form of the heavy chain detectable by sulfate labeling, as well as the heavy chain sulfated in a cell-free system in the absence of vesicle transport, already contained galactose and sialic acid. Third, sulfate-labeled IgM moved to the cell surface with kinetics identical to those of galactose-labeled IgM. Lastly, IgM labeled with sulfate at 20 degrees C was not transported to the cell surface at 20 degrees C but reached the cell surface at 37 degrees C. The data suggest that within the trans-Golgi, tyrosine sulfation of IgM occurred at least in part after terminal glycosylation and therefore appeared to be the last modification of this constitutively secreted protein before its exit from this compartment. Furthermore, the results establish the covalent modification of amino acid side chains as a novel function of the trans-Golgi.
Holographic optical metasurfaces: a review of current progress (2015)

In this article, we review recent developments in the field of surface electromagnetic wave holography. The holography principle is used as a tool to solve an inverse engineering problem consisting of designing novel plasmonic interfaces to excite either surface waves or free-space beams with any desirable field distributions. Leveraging on the new nanotechnologies to carve subwavelength features within the large diffracting apertures of conventional holograms, it is now possible to create binary holographic interfaces to shape both amplitude phase and polarization of light. The ability of the new generation of ultrathin and compact holographic optical devices to fully address light properties could find widespread applications in photonics.
Antibodies to the epidermal growth factor receptor block the biological activities of sarcoma growth factor. (1983)

The role of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor system in mediating the biological activities of sarcoma growth factor (SGF) has been assessed by using specific anti-EGF receptor antibodies. There are two classes of anti-EGF receptor antibodies, those that block binding of 125I-labeled EGF (125I-EGF) and those that do not block binding but do interact with a portion of the EGF receptor on the surface of intact cells. Antisera of both types have been assayed for their capacity to affect the biological activities of SGF. The antisera that block 125I-EGF binding to its receptor block the induction of DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts by either EGF or SGF but not by other polypeptide mitogens. Titration of the anti-EGF receptor antiserum indicates the presence of one population of antibody that blocks the site of both EGF and SGF action. Antisera to the EGF receptor that block 125I-EGF binding also inhibited the SGF-dependent anchorage-independent growth of normal cells in soft agar. The antisera to the EGF receptor that does not block 125I-EGF binding or EGF activity did not inhibit any of the biological activities of SGF. The results suggest that occupation of the EGF receptor is required for both the mitogenic and colony-forming activity of SGF.
Chemotactic activity of platelet alpha granule proteins for fibroblasts. (1983)

At sites of blood vessel injury, platelets release numerous substances that may have biological activities influencing cellular responses. In this study we examined separately the chemotactic activity for fibroblasts of three highly purified proteins obtained from platelet alpha granules: platelet factor 4 (PF4), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and beta-thromboglobulin (BTG). We observed that each of these proteins was strongly chemotactic for fibroblasts, with maximum chemotactic activity in each instance comparable to that observed with an optimal concentration of the control chemotactic protein, plasma fibronectin. Each protein was active at very low concentrations. The peak chemotactic activities of PF4, PDGF, and BTG occurred at 200 mg/ml, 30 ng/ml, and 6 ng/ml, respectively. Specificity of fibroblast chemotaxis to individual platelet proteins was provided by finding that anti-PF4 immunoglobulin blocked the chemotactic activity of PF4 without affecting the chemotactic activity of PDGF, while anti-PDGF immunoglobulin blocked the activity of PDGF but did not alter the capacity of PF4 to promote fibroblast chemotaxis. These results suggest that in vivo several alpha granule proteins released from platelets may affect wound healing by causing directed fibroblast migration.
How to measure and predict the molar absorption coefficient of a protein (1995)

The molar absorption coefficient, epsilon, of a protein is usually based on concentrations measured by dry weight, nitrogen, or amino acid analysis. The studies reported here suggest that the Edelhoch method is the best method for measuring epsilon for a protein. (This method is described by Gill and von Hippel [1989, Anal Biochem 182:319-326] and is based on data from Edelhoch [1967, Biochemistry 6:1948-1954]). The absorbance of a protein at 280 nm depends on the content of Trp, Tyr, and cystine (disulfide bonds). The average epsilon values for these chromophores in a sample of 18 well-characterized proteins have been estimated, and the epsilon values in water, propanol, 6 M guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl), and 8 M urea have been measured. For Trp, the average epsilon values for the proteins are less than the epsilon values measured in any of the solvents. For Tyr, the average epsilon values for the proteins are intermediate between those measured in 6 M GdnHCl and those measured in propanol. Based on a sample of 116 measured epsilon values for 80 proteins, the epsilon at 280 nm of a folded protein in water, epsilon (280), can best be predicted with this equation: epsilon (280) (M-1 cm-1) = (#Trp)(5,500) + (#Tyr)(1,490) + (#cystine)(125) These epsilon (280) values are quite reliable for proteins containing Trp residues, and less reliable for proteins that do not. However, the Edelhoch method is convenient and accurate, and the best approach is to measure rather than predict epsilon.
A deep pyramid Deformable Part Model for face detection (2015)

We present a face detection algorithm based on Deformable Part Models and deep pyramidal features. The proposed method called DP2MFD is able to detect faces of various sizes and poses in unconstrained conditions. It reduces the gap in training and testing of DPM on deep features by adding a normalization layer to the deep convolutional neural network (CNN). Extensive experiments on four publicly available unconstrained face detection datasets show that our method is able to capture the meaningful structure of faces and performs significantly better than many competitive face detection algorithms.
Intraparenchymal Injection of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduces Kidney Fibrosis after Ischemia-Reperfusion in Cyclosporine-Immunosuppressed Rats (2012)

Ischemia-reperfusion and immunosuppressive therapy are a major cause of progressive renal failure after kidney transplantation. Recent studies have shown that administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves kidney functional recovery in the acute phase of post ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, we used an original model of renal ischemia-reperfusion in immunosuppressed rats (NIRC) to investigate the effects of bone marrow MSCs on progression of chronic renal failure and the mechanisms potentially involved. Left renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) was induced in unilateral nephrectomized Lewis rats. After IR, rats were treated daily with cyclosporine (10 mg/kg SC) for 28 days. MSCs were injected into the kidney at day 7 after IR. At day 28 after IR, kidneys were removed for histomorphological, biochemical, and gene expression analysis. The effect of conditioned media from MSCs on epithelial-mesenchymal transition was studied in vitro on HK2 cells. Our results show that, as compared to untreated NIRC rats, rats treated by intrarenal injection of MSCs 7 days after IR displayed improvement in renal function, reduction of interstitial fibrosis, and decrease in chronic tubule injury. These effects were associated with a decrease in interstitial α-SMA accumulation and MMP2 activity, markers of fibroblast/fibroblast-like cell activation, and renal remodeling, respectively. Finally, experiments in vitro showed that MSC-conditioned medium prevented epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β in HK2 cells. In conclusion, our results show that, in immunosuppressed animals, a single intrarenal administration of MSCs reduced renal fibrosis and promoted the recovery of renal function.
Transglutaminase Transcription and Antigen Translocation in Experimental Renal Scarring (1999)

It was recently demonstrated that renal tissue transglutaminase (tTg) protein and its catalytic product the epsilon(gamma-glutamyl) lysine protein cross-link are significantly increased in the subtotal (5/6) nephrectomy model (SNx) of renal fibrosis in rats. It was proposed that the enzyme had two important physiologic functions in disease development; one of stabilizing the increased extracellular matrix (ECM) by protein cross-linking, the other in a novel form of tubular cell death. This study, using the same rat SNx model, demonstrates first by Northern blotting that expression of tTg mRNA when compared with controls is increased by day 15 (+70% increase, P < 0.05), then rises steadily, peaking at day 90 (+391%, P < 0.01), and remains elevated at 120 d (+205%, P < 0.05) when compared with controls. In situ hybridization histochemistry demonstrated that the tubular cells were the major site of the additional tTg synthesis. Immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections revealed a sixfold increase (P < 0.001) in ECM-bound tTg antigen at 90-d post-SNx, whereas in situ transglutaminase activity demonstrated by the incorporation of fluorescein cadaverine into cryostat sections indicated a 750% increase (P < 0.001) on day 90 in SNx animals. This increased activity was extracellular and predominantly found in the peritubular region. These results indicate that increased tTg gene transcription by tubular cells underlies the major changes in renal tTg protein reported previously in SNx rats, and that the presence of the epsilon(gamma-glutamyl) lysine cross-links in the extracellular environment is the result of the extracellular action of tTg. These changes may be in response to tubular cell injury during the scarring process and are likely to contribute to the progressive expansion of the ECM in renal fibrosis.
Management of Dyslipidemia in IPPM Patients (1994)

Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are at an increased risk for coronary heart disease. Factors that may enhance the risk include dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Until recently, the importance of dyslipidemia in IDDM was ignored because the prevalence of high cholesterol levels was similar to that in the nondiabetic population. However, unique abnormalities in the composition and metabolism of lipoproteins may occur in IDDM patients. Management of IDDM patients, therefore, should include control of dyslipidemia as well as control of hyperglycemia and hypertension. The therapeutic goals for serum cholesterol reduction in IDDM patients should be lower than that for nondiabetic patients, and the goals for children should be even lower than those for adults. Both very-low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels should be the targets for therapeutic interventions and not just the LDL alone. Because of the unique features of dyslipidemia in IDDM patients, the therapeutic options may not be the same as that for nondiabetic patients. Hyperglycemia should be controlled by matching daily energy intake and activity with appropriately timed doses of insulin. The diets should be low in saturated fats and cholesterol. If dyslipidemia persists despite diet and hyperglycemia management, drug therapy may be initiated. For IDDM children > or = 10 years of age with elevated LDL-cholesterol levels, the first-line therapy should be bile acid sequestrants. For adults with IDDM, bile acid sequestrants also may be the drugs of choice, particularly for normotriglyceridemic patients. Nicotinic acid therapy should be avoided. Among other drugs, hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors may be preferable for patients with elevated LDL cholesterol and borderline hypertriglyceridemia. Fibric acid derivatives should be used for markedly hypertriglyceridemic patients. The role of probucol for dyslipidemia in IDDM patients is not clear.