gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robot learning through social media crowdsourcing (2012)

Methods designed to enable robots to learn on their own is a heavily studied area. If robots are to become an integral part of our society, they must possess the ability to learn without direct guidance from a dedicated user. Robot owners will not enjoy the duty of teaching their robot everything it knows. The ability for a robot to utilize various resources in its environment will enable its learning capabilities to be self-guided and independent. This paper investigates the use of social media crowdsourcing to allow a robot to access the vast information gathering resources available on Twitter. Specifically, the robot will record a human performing simple physical actions, upload the video to its Twitter account, and ask its followers for a description of the actions. The recorded parameters of each action is utilized as input into a multi-class support vector machine (MC-SVM) classification algorithm, which will enable the robot to recognize the action at a future time.
High resolution mapping using fluorescence in situ hybridization to extended DNA fibers prepared from agarose-embedded cells. (1994)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) are essential techniques in physical mapping and in positional cloning. We present a technique that utilizes agarose-embedded high molecular weight DNA prepared for PFGE as a target for FISH. The agarose blocks are melted, and the DNA is extended on a poly-L-lysine-coated microscope slide. The resulting DNA fibers appear on the slide as long straight strands and are a suitable target for high resolution FISH mapping as demonstrated here with cosmid and plasmid hybridizations.
Absence of E-Cadherin Expression Distinguishes Noncohesive from Cohesive Pancreatic Cancer (2008)

Noncohesive pancreatic cancers were characterized by the loss of E-cadherin protein expression. Promoter hypermethylation is a possible mechanism of E-cadherin gene silencing in a subset of these cancers.
Dose-escalating induction chemotherapy supported by lenograstim preceding high-dose consolidation chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. Selection of the most acceptable regimen to induce maximal tumor response and investigation of the optimal time to collect peripheral blood progenitor cells for haematological rescue after high-dose consolidation chemotherapy. (1994)

Dose intensity level 3 is the best usable induction regimen in this study. The optimal time for apheresis is either during lenograstim before chemotherapy treatment or during the first cycle of chemotherapy. Rapid haematological recovery was obtained by reinfusion of PBPC as sole source of support in the patients receiving high-dose consolidation chemotherapy.
Individual and Bivalent Vaccines Based on Alphavirus Replicons Protect Guinea Pigs against Infection with Lassa and Ebola Viruses (2001)

Lassa and Ebola viruses cause acute, often fatal, hemorrhagic fever diseases, for which no effective vaccines are currently available. Although lethal human disease outbreaks have been confined so far to sub-Saharan Africa, they also pose significant epidemiological concern worldwide as demonstrated by several instances of accidental importation of the viruses into North America and Europe. In the present study, we developed experimental individual vaccines for Lassa virus and bivalent vaccines for Lassa and Ebola viruses that are based on an RNA replicon vector derived from an attenuated strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. The Lassa and Ebola virus genes were expressed from recombinant replicon RNAs that also encoded the replicase function and were capable of efficient intracellular self-amplification. For vaccinations, the recombinant replicons were incorporated into virus-like replicon particles. Guinea pigs vaccinated with particles expressing Lassa virus nucleoprotein or glycoprotein genes were protected from lethal challenge with Lassa virus. Vaccination with particles expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein gene also protected the animals from lethal challenge with Ebola virus. In order to evaluate a single vaccine protecting against both Lassa and Ebola viruses, we developed dual-expression particles that expressed glycoprotein genes of both Ebola and Lassa viruses. Vaccination of guinea pigs with either dual-expression particles or with a mixture of particles expressing Ebola and Lassa virus glycoprotein genes protected the animals against challenges with Ebola and Lassa viruses. The results showed that immune responses can be induced against multiple vaccine antigens coexpressed from an alphavirus replicon and suggested the possibility of engineering multivalent vaccines based upon alphavirus vectors for arenaviruses, filoviruses, and possibly other emerging pathogens.
Preparation of some new N-substituted 9,10-dihydroacridine derivatives (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of some new N-substituted 9,10-dihydroacridine derivativesJean Jacques Charbit, Anne Marie Galy, Jean Pierre Galy, and Jacques BarbeCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1989, 34, 1, 136–137Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00055a038https://doi.org/10.1021/je00055a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure−Activity Relationships of 1-(2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-β-l-arabino- furanosyl)pyrimidine Nucleosides as Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Agents (1996)

Since 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-beta-L-arabinofuranosyluracil (L-FMAU) has been shown to be a potent anti-HBV agent in vitro, it was of interest to study the structure-activity relationships of related nucleosides. Thus, a series of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-L-arabinofuranosyl)pyrimidine nucleosides have been synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity against HBV in 2.2.15 cells. For this study, L-ribose was initially used as the starting material. Due to the commercial cost of L-ribose, we have developed an efficient procedure for the preparation of L-ribose derivative 6. Starting from L-xylose, 6 was obtained in an excellent total yield (70%) through the pyridinium dichromate oxidation of the 3-OH group followed by stereoselective reduction with NaBH4. It was further converted to the 1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-L-arabinofuranose (10), which was then condensed with various 5-substituted pyrimidine bases to give the nucleosides. Among the compounds synthesized, the lead compound, L-FMAU (13), exhibited the most potent anti-HBV activity (EC50 0.1 microM). None of the other uracil derivatives showed significant anti-HBV activity up to 10 microM. Among the cytosine analogues, the cytosine (27) and 5-iodocytosine (35) derivatives showed moderately potent anti-HBV activity (EC50 1.4 and 5 microM, respectively). The cytotoxicity of these nucleoside analogues has also been assessed in 2.2.15 cells as well as CEM cells. None of these compounds displayed any toxicity up to 200 microM in 2.2.15 cells. Thus, compound 13 (L-FMAU), 27, and 35 showed a selectivity of over 2000, 140, and 40, respectively.
Synthesis of Sequence-Selective C8-Linked Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine DNA Interstrand Cross-Linking Agents (1996)

An efficient convergent synthesis of a homologous series of C8-linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers with remarkable DNA interstrand cross-linking activity and potent in vitro cytotoxicity is reported. The "amino thioacetal" cyclization procedure was used to produce the electrophilic DNA-interactive N10-C11 imine moiety during the final synthetic step. In order to construct the key A-ring fragments (9a-d), a versatile convergent approach has been developed to join two units of vanillic acid with alpha,omega-dihaloalkanes of varying length to provide the required bis(4-carboxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)alkanes while avoiding the formation of mixtures of monoalkylated and bisalkylated products.
Identification of a Peptide Derived from Vaccinia Virus A52R Protein That Inhibits Cytokine Secretion in Response to TLR-Dependent Signaling and Reduces In Vivo Bacterial-Induced Inflammation (2005)

TLRs recognize and respond to conserved motifs termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are characterized by an extracellular leucine-rich repeat motif and an intracellular Toll/IL-1R domain. Triggering of TLRs by pathogen-associated molecular patterns initiates a series of intracellular signaling events resulting in an inflammatory immune response designed to contain and eliminate the pathogen. Vaccinia virus encodes immunoregulatory proteins, such as A52R, that can effectively inhibit intracellular Toll/IL-1R signaling, resulting in a diminished host immune response and enhancing viral survival. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a peptide derived from the A52R protein (sequence DIVKLTVYDCI) that, when linked to the nine-arginine cell transduction sequence, effectively inhibits cytokine secretion in response to TLR activation. The peptide had no effect on cytokine secretion resulting from cell activation that was initiated independent of TLR stimulation. Using a mouse model of otitis media with effusion, administration of heat-inactivated Streptococcus pneumoniae into the middle ears of BALB/c mice resulted in a significant inflammatory response that was dramatically reduced with peptide treatment. The identification of this peptide that selectively targets TLR-dependent signaling may have application in the treatment of chronic inflammation initiated by bacterial or viral infections.
Multi-view Convolutional Neural Networks for 3D Shape Recognition (2015)

A longstanding question in computer vision concerns the representation of 3D shapes for recognition: should 3D shapes be represented with descriptors operating on their native 3D formats, such as voxel grid or polygon mesh, or can they be effectively represented with view-based descriptors? We address this question in the context of learning to recognize 3D shapes from a collection of their rendered views on 2D images. We first present a standard CNN architecture trained to recognize the shapes' rendered views independently of each other, and show that a 3D shape can be recognized even from a single view at an accuracy far higher than using state-of-the-art 3D shape descriptors. Recognition rates further increase when multiple views of the shapes are provided. In addition, we present a novel CNN architecture that combines information from multiple views of a 3D shape into a single and compact shape descriptor offering even better recognition performance. The same architecture can be applied to accurately recognize human hand-drawn sketches of shapes. We conclude that a collection of 2D views can be highly informative for 3D shape recognition and is amenable to emerging CNN architectures and their derivatives.
Omega-conotoxin GVIA binding to a high-affinity receptor in brain: characterization, calcium sensitivity, and solubilization (1988)

We describe unique, high-affinity binding sites for omega[125I]conotoxin GVIA in membranes from rat brain and rabbit sympathetic ganglia which appear to be primarily associated with N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels. The dissociation constant (KD) for the toxin in rat brain membranes is 60 pM. Physiologic extracellular concentrations of calcium inhibit toxin binding noncompetitively (IC50 = 0.2 mM). The regional distribution of the binding sites in rat brain differs markedly from that of dihydropyridine calcium antagonist receptors associated with L-type calcium channels. In detergent-solubilized brain membranes, toxin binding retains the same affinity, specificity, and ionic sensitivity as in particulate preparations.
β2‐Adrenoceptors increase translocation of GLUT4 via GPCR kinase sites in the receptor C‐terminal tail (2011)

Glucose uptake in response to activation of β(2)-adrenoceptors involves translocation of GLUT4 in this model system. The mechanism is dependent on the C-terminus of the β(2)-adrenoceptor, requires GRK phosphorylation sites, and involves a signalling pathway distinct from that stimulated by insulin.
Efficient gene targeting in the moss Physcomitrella patens (1997)

The moss Physcomitrella patens is used as a genetic model system to study plant development, taking advantage of the fact that the haploid gametophyte dominates in its life cycle. Transformation experiments designed to target three single-copy genomic loci were performed to determine the efficiency of gene targeting in this plant. Mean transformation rates were 10-fold higher with the targeting vectors and molecular evidence for the integration of exogenous DNA into each targeted locus by homologous recombination is provided. The efficiency of gene targeting determined in these experiments is above 90%, which is in the range of that observed in yeast and several orders of magnitude higher than previous reports of gene targeting in plants. Thus, gene knock-out and allele replacement approaches are directly accessible to study plant development in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Moreover, efficient gene targeting has so far only been observed in lower eukaryotes such as protozoa, yeasts and filamentous fungi, and, as shown here the first example from the plant kingdom is a haplobiontic moss. This suggests a possible correlation between efficient gene targeting and haplophase in eukaryotes.
Mu-surrogate light chain physicochemical interactions of the human preB cell receptor: implications for VH repertoire selection and cell signaling at the preB cell stage. (1999)

The surrogate light chain (SL) composed of the A-like and VpreB polypeptides is organized as two Ig domains and an extra-loop structure. It associates to the mu-chain in preB cells. We have produced human VpreB, SL, two Fdmu (VH-CH1), and the two corresponding Fab-like (Fdmu-SL) recombinant proteins in baculovirus. The correctness of the general conformation of the proteins was assessed by epitope mapping and affinity measurements using a new batch of anti-VpreB mAbs. Plasmon resonance analysis showed that both VpreB and the entire SL associated with the Fdmu fragments, with Kd values of 3x10(-8) M for VpreB-Fdmu and of 10(-9) to 10(-10) M, depending upon the V(H), for SL-Fdmu. These results indicate that the A-like chain, in addition to be covalently bound to the Cmu1 domain, also interacts with the VH domain. Therefore, a dual role of the SL emerges: 1) interaction of the C-domain of A-like would release the mu-chain from its interaction with binding protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, and 2) interaction of a part of A-like and most of VpreB would bind to VH, ensuring a "quality control" of the native heavy chain that represents the first step of selection of the B cell repertoire. We also demonstrated that two Fab-like fragments did not interact with each other, suggesting that activation of the cell surface preB receptor does not involve aggregation neither in cis nor in trans of the Fab-like structures.
Biology and significance of the JAK/STAT signalling pathways (2012)

Since its discovery two decades ago, the activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway by numerous cytokines and growth factors has resulted in it becoming one of the most well-studied intracellular signalling networks. The field has progressed from the identification of the individual components to high-resolution crystal structures of both JAK and STAT, and an understanding of the complexities of the molecular activation and deactivation cycle which results in a diverse, yet highly specific and regulated pattern of transcriptional responses. While there is still more to learn, we now appreciate how disruption and deregulation of this pathway can result in clinical disease and look forward to adoption of the next generation of JAK inhibitors in routine clinical treatment.
NELL-1 induces Sca-1+ mesenchymal progenitor cell expansion in models of bone maintenance and repair (2017)

NELL-1 is a secreted, osteogenic protein first discovered to control ossification of the cranial skeleton. Recently, NELL-1 has been implicated in bone maintenance. However, the cellular determinants of NELL-1's bone-forming effects are still unknown. Here, recombinant human NELL-1 (rhNELL-1) implantation was examined in a clinically relevant nonhuman primate lumbar spinal fusion model. Prolonged rhNELL-1 protein release was achieved using an apatite-coated β-tricalcium phosphate carrier, resulting in a local influx of stem cell antigen-1-positive (Sca-1+) mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), and complete osseous fusion across all samples (100% spinal fusion rate). Murine studies revealed that Nell-1 haploinsufficiency results in marked reductions in the numbers of Sca-1+CD45-CD31- bone marrow MPCs associated with low bone mass. Conversely, rhNELL-1 systemic administration in mice showed a marked anabolic effect accompanied by increased numbers of Sca-1+CD45-CD31- bone marrow MPCs. Mechanistically, rhNELL-1 induces Sca-1 transcription among MPCs, in a process requiring intact Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In summary, NELL-1 effectively induces bone formation across small and large animal models either via local implantation or intravenous delivery. NELL-1 induces an expansion of a bone marrow subset of MPCs with Sca-1 expression. These findings provide compelling justification for the clinical translation of a NELL-1-based therapy for local or systemic bone formation.
Micromachining technologies for miniaturized communication devices (1998)

An overview of the key micromachining technologies that enable communications applications for MEMS is presented with a focus on frequency-selective devices. In particular, micromechanical filters are briefly reviewed and key technologies needed to extend their frequencies into the high VHF and UHF ranges are anticipated. Series resistance in interconnect or structural materials is shown to be a common concern for virtually all RF MEMS components, from mechanical vibrating beams, to high-Q inductors and tunable capacitors, to switches and antennas. Environmental parasites--such as feedthrough capacitance, eddy currents, and molecular contaminants--are identified as major performance limiters for RF MEMS. Strategies for eliminating them via combination of monolithic integration and encapsulation packaging are described.
Exogenous Expression of N-Cadherin in Breast Cancer Cells Induces Cell Migration, Invasion, and Metastasis (2000)

E- and N-cadherin are calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules that mediate cell-cell adhesion and also modulate cell migration and tumor invasiveness. The loss of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion has been shown to play an important role in the transition of epithelial tumors from a benign to an invasive state. However, recent evidence indicates that another member of the cadherin family, N-cadherin, is expressed in highly invasive tumor cell lines that lacked E-cadherin expression. These findings have raised the possibility that N-cadherin contributes to the invasive phenotype. To determine whether N-cadherin promotes invasion and metastasis, we transfected a weakly metastatic and E-cadherin-expressing breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, with N-cadherin and analyzed the effects on cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Transfected cells expressed both E- and N-cadherin and exhibited homotypic cell adhesion from both molecules. In vitro, N-cadherin-expressing cells migrated more efficiently, showed an increased invasion of Matrigel, and adhered more efficiently to monolayers of endothelial cells. All cells produced low levels of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9, which was dramatically upregulated by treatment with FGF-2 only in N-cadherin-expressing cells. Migration and invasion of Matrigel were also greatly enhanced by this treatment. When injected into the mammary fat pad of nude mice, N-cadherin-expressing cells, but not control MCF-7 cells, metastasized widely to the liver, pancreas, salivary gland, omentum, lung, lymph nodes, and lumbar spinal muscle. The expression of both E- and N-cadherin was maintained both in the primary tumors and metastatic lesions. These results demonstrate that N-cadherin promotes motility, invasion, and metastasis even in the presence of the normally suppressive E-cadherin. The increase in MMP-9 production by N-cadherin-expressing cells in response to a growth factor may endow them with a greater ability to penetrate matrix protein barriers, while the increase in their adherence to endothelium may improve their ability to enter and exit the vasculature, two properties that may be responsible for metastasis of N-cadherin-expressing cells.
Multiple inhibitory ligands induce impaired T-cell immunologic synapse function in chronic lymphocytic leukemia that can be blocked with lenalidomide: establishing a reversible immune evasion mechanism in human cancer (2012)

Cancer immune evasion is an emerging hallmark of disease progression. We have demonstrated previously that impaired actin polymerization at the T-cell immunologic synapse is a global immune dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Direct contact with tumor cells induces defective actin polarization at the synapse in previously healthy T cells, but the molecules mediating this dysfunction were not known. In the present study, we show via functional screening assays that CD200, CD270, CD274, and CD276 are coopted by CLL cells to induce impaired actin synapse formation in both allogeneic and autologous T cells. We also show that inhibitory ligand-induced impairment of T-cell actin dynamics is a common immunosuppressive strategy used by both hematologic (including lymphoma) and solid carcinoma cells. This immunosuppressive signaling targets T-cell Rho-GTPase activation. Of clinical relevance, the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide prevented the induction of these defects by down-regulating tumor cell-inhibitory molecule expression. These results using human CLL as a model cancer establish a novel evasion mechanism whereby malignant cells exploit multiple inhibitory ligand signaling to down-regulate small GTPases and lytic synapse function in global T-cell populations. These findings should contribute to the design of immunotherapeutic strategies to reverse T-cell tolerance in cancer.