gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of CD11b/18 monoclonal antibody on rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. (1996)

The progression of a lesion from ischemic injury to infarct, after the permanent occlusion of a middle cerebral artery, may be influenced by the influx of leukocytes into the ischemic territory. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of treating rats that had permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion with a single dose of an anti-CD11b/18 monoclonal antibody injected 1 hour after the arterial occlusion. To mimic the clinical situation of patients with ischemic strokes who may be treated within 1 hour of the ischemic event, the artery remained occluded. Forty-one adult Wistar rats had permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, and one was subjected to a sham operation. One hour later, 22 rats received CD11b/18 monoclonal antibody and an additional 20 were injected either with a nonspecific antibody (n = 10) or a buffer solution (n = 10). Experiments were terminated at intervals ranging 12 to 96 hours after the arterial occlusion. Endpoints included neurological testing, daily evaluation of body weight, counts of white blood cells in the peripheral blood, measurement of the area of pallor in the ischemic hemisphere, counts of necrotic neurons, and counts of leukocytes sequestered in the ischemic hemisphere. In experiments terminated 12 hours after the arterial occlusion (n = 4), there were fewer necrotic neurons in the group treated with the CD11b/18 monoclonal antibody compared with the two controls (P < .05), but this difference was not reflected in the neurological scores. Numbers of necrotic neurons in experiments terminated > 12 hours later were not different among the three subgroups. White blood cell counts in peripheral blood were lower in animals with arterial occlusion injected with the monoclonal antibody CD11b/18 (P < .05); numbers of leukocytes sequestered in the ischemic hemisphere were not different in the three groups. Neither changes in body weight nor in the volume of the area of pallor were significantly different among the three groups.
Toward vision-based intelligent navigator: its concept and prototype (2002)

Proposes a novel concept of an intelligent navigator that can give a driver timely advice on safe and efficient driving. From both the current traffic conditions obtained from visual data and the driver's goals and preferences in driving, it autonomously generates advice and gives it to the driver. Not only can operational-level advice be generated, such as emergency braking due to an abrupt deceleration of the vehicle in front, but also tactical-level advice, such as lane changing due to a congested situation ahead. Two main components of the intelligent navigator - the advice generation system and the road scene recognition system - are explained. A three-level reasoning architecture is proposed for generating advice in dynamic and uncertain traffic environments. Online experiments using the prototype system show the potential feasibility of the proposed concept.
Synchronization in OFDM-based WLAN with Transmit and Receive Diversities (2006)

This paper deals with the feasibility of improving synchronization (packet detection and frequency synchronization) of OFDM systems by exploiting transmit and receive diversities. Starting from a performance analysis of SISO synchronization, SIMO, MISO and MIMO synchronization algorithms are proposed and analyzed step by step. Simulations for IEEE 802.11a/g/n-like systems in frequency-selective channels show that the performance of packet detection can be improved by 6.5 dB and the residual frequency synchronization error can be reduced by 68.7%, if 4 transmit antennas and 4 receive antennas are used. For that, carefully designed training sequences and respective transmitter and receiver algorithms are necessary
Antioxidative potential of flavonoid-rich extracts as new quality marker for different apple varieties (2003)

Besides size, shape, colour and taste of apples, a new quality parameter is becoming more and more popular: bioactivity of the fruit, respectively its health promoting effect for the consumer. But how to measure that property? In this context, fruit ingredients such as phenolic compounds play a crucial role. It is known that phenolics are well correlated to the antioxidative potential of the fruit. Moreover, phenolics have been discussed for a long time in relation to maturation, storage life or pathogen defense. To get access to the property bioactivity in a convenient form, extracts of apple fruits under investigation are prepared reproducibly after lyophilization. The fresh extracts are tested for their antioxidant potential by using biochemical model reactions, simulating pathological situations in human beings. Potential effects on human health are explained by down regulating situations of oxidative stress exerted by models such as Xanthine/Xanthine-Oxidase (XOD) or oxidation of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL). Compared to the pulp of the apples, skin-extracts show a higher antioxidant potential. For comparison with other test systems, results were also expressed in quercetin-equivalents. In conclusion, this paper points out, that only a combination of several test systems can explain the differences between extracts of the apple varieties 'Jonagold' and 'Boskoop'. Thus, evidence for bioactivity as quality marker of the apple fruit is only reliably achieved by an evaluation of results derived from at least several test systems, representative for health effects, and not by an isolated examination in a single test system.
Interaction of metargidin (ADAM-15) with αvβ3 and α5β1 integrins on different haemopoietic cells (1999)

Metargidin (ADAM-15) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the ADAM (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease Domain) family of proteins and is widely expressed in different tissues and cell types. Members of this family contain an amino-terminal metalloprotease domain followed by a disintegrin domain, a cysteine-rich region and a membrane proximal EGF-like domain. The disintegrin domain of metargidin contains an RGD tripeptide sequence, suggesting that it may potentially interact with the integrin family of proteins. Here we identify integrin ligands for metargidin on haemopoietic cells, by using a chimeric protein containing the extracellular domain of metargidin fused to the Fc portion of human IgG. Binding activity to a panel of human cell lines was analysed by solid-phase cell-adhesion assays. Metargidin bound to a monocytic cell line, U937, and a T cell line, MOLT-4, in a specific manner. Adhesion was divalent cation- and temperature- dependent and strongly enhanced by Mn2+, all features of integrin-mediated binding. Using a panel of anti-integrin antibodies we show that alphavbeta3 is a ligand for metargidin on U937 cells. In contrast, for MOLT-4 cells, the integrin alpha5beta1 contributes to cell binding. Adhesion was mediated by the disintegrin domain of metargidin as RGD-based peptides inhibited cell binding to both cell lines. The specificity of the interaction between both alphavbeta3 and alpha5beta1 and metargidin was further confirmed by solid-phase adhesion assays using purified recombinant integrins. These results together indicate that metargidin can function as a cell adhesion molecule via interactions with alphavbeta3 and alpha5beta1 integrins.
Design and manufacture of dispersion compensating fibers and their performance in systems (2002)

Single-mode dispersion compensating fibers for discrete module applications are still the best choice for broadband dispersion compensation. Improvements in slope matching and insertion loss are being made continually. Cabled dispersion compensating fibers are currently being deployed in commercial submarine systems, and experiments have begun to explore their performance advantages in terrestrial long-haul applications.
Practical delegation of computation using multiple servers (2011)

The current move to Cloud Computing raises the need for verifiable delegation of computations, where a weak client delegates his computation to a powerful server, while maintaining the ability to verify that the result is correct. Although there are prior solutions to this problem, none of them is yet both general and practical for real-world use. We demonstrate a relatively efficient and general solution where the client delegates the computation to several servers, and is guaranteed to determine the correct answer as long as even a single server is honest. We show: A protocol for any efficiently computable function, with logarithmically many rounds, based on any collision-resistant hash family. The protocol is set in terms of Turing Machines but can be adapted to other computation models. An adaptation of the protocol for the X86 computation model and a prototype implementation, called Quin, for Windows executables. We describe the architecture of Quin and experiment with several parameters on live clouds. We show that the protocol is practical, can work with nowadays clouds, and is efficient both for the servers and for the client.
Emission and absorption cross section of thulium doped silica fibers (2006)

A thorough investigation of the emission and absorption spectra of the (3F4,3H6) band in thulium doped silica fibers has been performed. All the basic parameters of thulium in silica have been extracted with the purpose of further analysis in laser and amplifier simulations. The experimental methods used to obtain the scaled cross sections have been carefully selected in order to avoid problems associated with calibrated measurements and knowledge of the radiative lifetime. The values of the absorption cross sections agree well with previously reported values, however the peak emission to peak absorption cross section ratios are found to be significantly below 1. Also confinement factors and thulium concentrations are estimated from the results.
Both gene expression for orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and its ratio to dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase influence outcome following fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (2003)

Activation of 5-fluorouracil into its nucleotides requires phosphorylation by three pathways involving orotate phosphoribosyl-transferase (OPRT), uridine phosphorylase (UP), or thymidine phosphorylase (TP). In this study, we investigated the association between gene expressions of these three enzymes and antitumour effect. Gene expressions in primary colorectal tumours were analysed by a real-time reverse transcriptional-polymerase chain reaction method in 37 patients receiving oral treatment of tegafur-uracil and leucovorin for metastatic diseases. The median values of OPRT mRNA expressions were 1.39 and 0.85 for responding tumours and nonresponding tumours, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference (P=0.0008). Responding tumours had statistically lower expressions of TP mRNA than nonresponding tumours (P=0.006). However, there was no difference in UP mRNA expression between responding and nonresponding tumours. Patients with high OPRT (>/=1.0) gene expression survived longer than those with low OPRT (<1.0) expression. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) gene expressions were measured. Responding tumours had a statistically higher OPRT/DPD ratio than the nonresponding ones (P=0.003). When the median value of the OPRT/DPD ratio was selected as the cutoff value, patients with a high OPRT/DPD ratio survived statistically longer than those with a low ratio (P=0.0014). In conclusion, both the expression of OPRT gene and the OPRT/DPD ratio might be useful as predictive parameters for the efficacy of fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer.
Identification of Cys255 in HIF‐1α as a novel site for development of covalent inhibitors of HIF‐1α/ARNT PasB domain protein–protein interaction (2012)

The heterodimer HIF-1α (hypoxia inducible factor)/HIF-β (also known as ARNT-aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator) is a key mediator of cellular response to hypoxia. The interaction between these monomer units can be modified by the action of small molecules in the binding interface between their C-terminal heterodimerization (PasB) domains. Taking advantage of the presence of several cysteine residues located in the allosteric cavity of HIF-1α PasB domain, we applied a cysteine-based reactomics "hotspot identification" strategy to locate regions of HIF-1α PasB domain critical for its interaction with ARNT. COMPOUND 5 was identified using a mass spectrometry-based primary screening strategy and was shown to react specifically with Cys255 of the HIF-1α PasB domain. Biophysical characterization of the interaction between PasB domains of HIF-1α and ARNT revealed that covalent binding of COMPOUND 5 to Cys255 reduced binding affinity between HIF-1α and ARNT PasB domains approximately 10-fold. Detailed NMR structural analysis of HIF-1α-PasB-COMPOUND 5 conjugate showed significant local conformation changes in the HIF-1α associated with key residues involved in the HIF-1α/ARNT PasB domain interaction as revealed by the crystal structure of the HIF-1α/ARNT PasB heterodimer. Our screening strategy could be applied to other targets to identify pockets surrounding reactive cysteines suitable for development of small molecule modulators of protein function.
Brd4 Is Essential for IL-1β-Induced Inflammation in Human Airway Epithelial Cells (2014)

Oxidative stress enhanced IL1β-induced IL-6 and CXCL8 expression was significantly reduced by Brd4 inhibition. Brd4 plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory genes and provides a potential novel anti-inflammatory target.
Expression of nerve growth factor receptors by Schwann cells of axotomized peripheral nerves: ultrastructural location, suppression by axonal contact, and binding properties (1988)

Axotomy of sciatic nerve fibers in adult rats induces expression of NGF receptor in the entire population of Schwann cells located distal to the injury (Taniuchi et al., 1986b). In the present study we have used immunocytochemistry, with a monoclonal antibody directed against the rat NGF receptor, to examine axotomized peripheral nerves by light and electron microscopy. We have found that (1) the NGF receptor molecules were localized to the cell surface of Schwann cells forming bands of Bungner; (2) axonal regeneration into the distal portion of sciatic nerve coincided temporally and spatially with a decrease in Schwann cell expression of NGF receptor; (3) Schwann cell NGF receptor could be induced by axotomy of NGF-independent neurons, such as motoneurons and parasympathetic neurons; and (4) the presence of axon-Schwann cell contact was inversely related to expression of Schwann cell NGF receptor. Using biochemical assays we have found that, in striking contrast to peripheral nerves, there was no detectable induction of NGF receptor in the spinal cord and brain after axotomy of NGF receptor-bearing fibers. Filtration assays of 125I-NGF binding to the induced NGF receptors of Schwann cells measured a Kd of 1.5 nM and a fast dissociation rate, both characteristics of class II receptor sites. We conclude that Wallerian degeneration induces Schwann cells, but not central neuroglia, to produce and position upon their plasmalemmal surface the class II NGF receptor molecules. The induction is ubiquitous among Schwann cells, irrespective of the type of axon they originally ensheathed. Expression of Schwann cell NGF receptor is negatively regulated by axonal contact, being induced when axons degenerate and suppressed when regenerating axons grow out along the Schwann cell surface. We propose that the induced NGF receptors function to bind NGF molecules upon the Schwann cell surface and thereby provide a substratum laden with trophic support and chemotactic guidance for regenerating sensory and sympathetic neurons.
Comparison of L proteins of vaccine and wild-type measles viruses. (1999)

The nucleotide sequences of the large (L) genes of ten measles virus (MV) strains were determined. These strains included the Moraten and Rubeovax vaccine strains and their Edmonston wild-type (wt) progenitor, two additional vaccine strains and five genotypically divergent wt isolates. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences were compared with six previously sequenced L genes and the number and location of variable amino acid positions were characterized. The recent wt isolates demonstrated the greatest amount of variability found to date in the highly conserved L protein. Three full-length wt L proteins were expressed in mammalian cells and their ability to form a complex with the MV phosphoprotein was demonstrated. While no set of amino acid substitutions associated consistently with wt or vaccine strains was identified, these data will provide a basis for the analysis of the activity of L proteins from vaccine and wt viruses in a functional assay.
Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase: close homology to placental alkaline phosphatase. (1987)

A cDNA clone for human adult intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum); EC 3.1.3.1] was isolated from a lambda gt11 expression library. The cDNA insert of this clone is 2513 base pairs in length and contains an open reading frame that encodes a 528-amino acid polypeptide. This deduced polypeptide contains the first 40 amino acids of human intestinal ALP, as determined by direct protein sequencing. Intestinal ALP shows 86.5% amino acid identity to placental (type 1) ALP and 56.6% amino acid identity to liver/bone/kidney ALP. In the 3'-untranslated regions, intestinal and placental ALP cDNAs are 73.5% identical (excluding gaps). The evolution of this multigene enzyme family is discussed.
Versatile Interactions of the Antimicrobial Peptide Novispirin with Detergents and Lipids (2005)

Novispirin G-10 is an 18-residue designed cationic peptide derived from the N-terminal part of an antimicrobial peptide from sheep. This derivative is more specific for bacteria than the parent peptide. We have analyzed Novispirin's interactions with various amphipathic molecules and find that a remarkably wide variety of conditions induce alpha-helical structure. Optimal structure induction by lipids occurs when the vesicles contain 40-80% anionic lipid, while pure anionic lipid vesicles induce aggregation. SDS also forms aggregates with Novispirin at submicellar concentrations but induces alpha-helical structures above the cmc. Both types of aggregates contain significant amounts of beta-sheet structure, highlighting the peptide's structural versatility. The cationic detergent LTAC has a relatively strong affinity for the cationic peptide despite the peptide's net positive charge of +7 at physiological pH and total lack of negatively charged side chains. Zwitterionic and nonionic detergents induce alpha-helical structures at several hundred millimolar detergent. We have solved the peptide structure in SDS and LTAB by NMR and find subtle differences compared to the structure in TFE, which we ascribe to the interaction with an amphiphilic environment. Novispirin is largely buried in the SDS-micelle, whereas it does not enter the LTAC-micelle but merely forms a dynamic equilibrium between surface-bound and nonbound Novispirin. Thus, electrostatic repulsion can be overruled by relatively high-detergent concentrations or by deprotonating a single critical side chain, despite the fact that Novispirin's ability to bind to amphiphiles and form alpha-helical structure is sensitive to the electrostatics of the amphiphilic environment. This emphasizes the versatility of cationic antimicrobial peptides' interactions with amphiphiles.
Robust Gesture Recognition Using Gaussian Distribution for Features Fitting (2012)

Hand gesture became second language that complements almost many speeches, encounters, lectures, as well as friends chatting even in computer chatting they may gesturing to each other since it is a rotted habit in our behavior, we can notice that even if someone was sitting alone and thinking; he will continue gesturing during his meditation, however, the imitating of this natural behavior is an important issue for transferring this behavior to the human made machines and the intuitive interface will not be changed as compared to human-human communication, in this paper, we have applied a novel approach for recognizing the hand gesture and to maximize the level of unrestricted communication by solving the problem of rotation invariance that matters, we have employed a Gaussian bivariate likelihood function for hand modeling and features fitting and to produce uniform features that can be a reference for gesture database, we have achieved remarkable recognition percentages using 20 different gestures with a high speed recognition time, our system can be used for real time applications in which the time factor is important issue for the success of such systems, we have made a comparative study with some other known gesture algorithms as well.
Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Continuous Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring in Patients with Diabetes (2008)

This study demonstrated that the OCT system shows acceptable accuracy in the prediction of blood glucose levels in subjects with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Future efforts will evaluate the accuracy of the system in the hypoglycemic range.
Human Flt3 Is Expressed at the Hematopoietic Stem Cell and the Granulocyte/Macrophage Progenitor Stages to Maintain Cell Survival (2008)

FLT3/FLK2, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, plays a critical role in maintenance of hematopoietic homeostasis, and the constitutively active form of the FLT3 mutation is one of the most common genetic abnormalities in acute myelogenous leukemia. In murine hematopoiesis, Flt3 is not expressed in self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells, but its expression is restricted to the multipotent and the lymphoid progenitor stages at which cells are incapable of self-renewal. We extensively analyzed the expression of Flt3 in human (h) hematopoiesis. Strikingly, in both the bone marrow and the cord blood, the human hematopoietic stem cell population capable of long-term reconstitution in xenogeneic hosts uniformly expressed Flt3. Furthermore, human Flt3 is expressed not only in early lymphoid progenitors, but also in progenitors continuously along the granulocyte/macrophage pathway, including the common myeloid progenitor and the granulocyte/macrophage progenitor. We further found that human Flt3 signaling prevents stem and progenitors from spontaneous apoptotic cell death at least through up-regulating Mcl-1, an indispensable survival factor for hematopoiesis. Thus, the distribution of Flt3 expression is considerably different in human and mouse hematopoiesis, and human FLT3 signaling might play an important role in cell survival, especially at stem and progenitor cells that are critical cellular targets for acute myelogenous leukemia transformation.
In the Eye of the Beholder: A Survey of Models for Eyes and Gaze (2009)

Despite active research and significant progress in the last 30 years, eye detection and tracking remains challenging due to the individuality of eyes, occlusion, variability in scale, location, and light conditions. Data on eye location and details of eye movements have numerous applications and are essential in face detection, biometric identification, and particular human-computer interaction tasks. This paper reviews current progress and state of the art in video-based eye detection and tracking in order to identify promising techniques as well as issues to be further addressed. We present a detailed review of recent eye models and techniques for eye detection and tracking. We also survey methods for gaze estimation and compare them based on their geometric properties and reported accuracies. This review shows that, despite their apparent simplicity, the development of a general eye detection technique involves addressing many challenges, requires further theoretical developments, and is consequently of interest to many other domains problems in computer vision and beyond.