gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renovascular Hypertension due to Takayasu's Arteritis Demonstrated by Tc-99m Ethylenedicysteine Captopril Scintigraphy (1996)

A 34-year-old woman with severe hypertension underwent Tc-99m ethylenedicycteine (Tc-99m EC) captopril renal scintigraphy. There was bilateral parenchymal retention of the tracer suggesting renal artery stenosis. Angiography confirmed bilateral renal artery stenosis and also demonstrated contour irregularities of the abdominal aorta, and stenosis in mesenteric and subclavian arteries with increased collateral circulation consistent with Takayasu's arteritis. In light of this case of renal artery stenosis, it was concluded that Tc-99m EC can be used successfully as a potential renal agent in the diagnosis of renal involvement in patients with Takayasu's arteritis.
Genetic determinants of serum prostate-specific antigen levels in healthy men from a multiethnic cohort. (2001)

We recently reported an association between prostate cancer risk and polymorphisms in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and androgen receptor (AR) genes. The purpose of this study is to test whether these two polymorphisms, AR CAG and PSA ARE1, influence serum PSA levels in healthy men. Serum PSA and the two genotypes were assayed for 420 healthy men from a multiethnic cohort, and regression models were fit to estimate the effects of AR CAG genotype and PSA ARE1 genotype on serum PSA levels. Predicted serum PSA decreased 3.5% with each additional AR CAG repeat decile (P = 0.01). Serum PSA was also associated with PSA ARE1 genotype, with PSA levels higher among men with the PSA AA genotype compared with men with the AG or GG genotypes (P = 0.02). The relationship between serum PSA level and AR CAG length differed according to PSA genotype (P = 0.049): for genotype GG, the slope was not significantly different from zero (P = 0.74); for genotype AG, serum PSA increased 4.5% with each decrease of one CAG repeat decile (P = 0.03); for genotype AA, serum PSA increased 7% with each decrease of one CAG repeat decile (P = 0.02). These results indicate that in healthy men, genetic variants in the PSA and AR genes contribute to variation in serum PSA levels. Men with the PSA AA genotype and short AR CAG alleles have, on average, higher serum PSA levels.
Inhibitory Effect of a New Synthetic Protease Inhibitor (FUT-175) on the Coagulation System (1985)

The inhibitory effects of 6-amidino-2-naphthyl-4-guanidinobenzoate X dimethanesulfonate (FUT-175) on the human Hageman factor fragment (HFf), factor Xa, thrombin, plasma kallikrein, and plasmin were studied. FUT-175 inhibited plasma kallikrein most (IC50 = 3.0 X 10(-9) M), followed by HFf (IC50 = 3.3 X 10(-7) M). FUT-175 was found to have an anticoagulant effect in the APTT and PT assay systems of human plasma. The concentration of FUT-175 for twofold increase in the clotting time in the APTT assay system was 5 X 10(-7) M.
Morphometric study of early postnatal development of the thoracic aorta in the rat. (1980)

Tissue, cellular, and subcellular morphometry of the thoracic aorta in 1-, 5- and 11-day-old rats was used to quantify the cellular hypertrophy and proliferation of smooth muscle cells and the absolute increases in volume of elastic laminase and collagen during the early postnatal period. In the 1- to 5-day interval, total wall volume increased 2.9-fold, wall thickness and the number of smooth muscle cells doubled, mean cell volume increased by 40%, and the volumes of elastic laminae and collagen increased 3.7- and 3.3-fold, respectively. From 5 to 11 days, circumferential growth of the aortic wall, without further thickening, produced smaller and unequal growth increments of each of its component structures, with increases in collagen (3.2-fold) > elastic laminae (2.3-fold) > muscle cells (1.6-fold). In the overall growth of smooth muscle cells (4.6-fold) from 1 to 11 days, only the cytoplasmic volume fractions of glycogen aggregates and rough endoplasmic reticulum were altered significantly (-76%, +32%). Certain aspects of normal postnatal aortic growth paralleled the response of adult aorta to experimentally induced hypertension.
Effects of acidosis on rat muscle metabolism and performance during heavy exercise (1985)

The metabolism and performance of a perfused rat hindquarter preparation was examined during heavy exercise in three conditions: control (C), metabolic acidosis (MA, decreased bicarbonate concentration), and respiratory acidosis (RA, increased CO2 tension). A one-pass system was used to perfuse the hindquarters for 30 min at rest and 20 min during tetanic stimulation via the sciatic nerve. The isometric tension generated by the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle group was recorded, and biopsies were taken pre- and postperfusion. Initial isometric tensions were similar in all conditions, but the rate of tension decay was largest in acidosis; the 5-min tensions for C, MA, and RA were 1,835 +/- 63, 1,534 +/- 63, and 1,434 +/- 73 g, respectively. O2 uptake in C was greater than in MA and RA (23.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 17.0 +/- 1.4 and 16.5 +/- 2.3 mumol X min-1), paralleling the tension findings. Hindquarter lactate release was greatest in C, least in MA, and intermediate in RA. Acidosis resulted in less muscle glycogen utilization and lactate accumulation than during control. Muscle creatine phosphate utilization and ATP levels were unaffected by acidosis. Acidosis decreased the muscle's ability to generate isometric tension and depressed both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. During stimulation in this model lactate left the muscle mainly as a function of the production rate, although a low plasma bicarbonate concentration at pH 7.15 depressed muscle lactate release.
Nucleotide sequence of the gag gene and gag-pol junction of feline leukemia virus (1984)

The nucleotide sequence of the gag gene of feline leukemia virus and its flanking sequences were determined and compared with the corresponding sequences of two strains of feline sarcoma virus and with that of the Moloney strain of murine leukemia virus. A high degree of nucleotide sequence homology between the feline leukemia virus and murine leukemia virus gag genes was observed, suggesting that retroviruses of domestic cats and laboratory mice have a common, proximal evolutionary progenitor. The predicted structure of the complete feline leukemia virus gag gene precursor suggests that the translation of nonglycosylated and glycosylated gag gene polypeptides is initiated at two different AUG codons. These initiator codons fall in the same reading frame and are separated by a 222-base-pair segment which encodes an amino terminal signal peptide. The nucleotide sequence predicts the order of amino acids in each of the individual gag-coded proteins (p15, p12, p30, p10), all of which derive from the gag gene precursor. Stable stem-and-loop secondary structures are proposed for two regions of viral RNA. The first falls within sequences at the 5' end of the viral genome, together with adjacent palindromic sequences which may play a role in dimer linkage of RNA subunits. The second includes coding sequences at the gag-pol junction and is proposed to be involved in translation of the pol gene product. Sequence analysis of the latter region shows that the gag and pol genes are translated in different reading frames. Classical consensus splice donor and acceptor sequences could not be localized to regions which would permit synthesis of the expected gag-pol precursor protein. Alternatively, we suggest that the pol gene product (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) could be translated by a frameshift suppressing mechanism which could involve cleavage modification of stems and loops in a manner similar to that observed in tRNA processing.
Javia: A Java interface to the virtual interface architecture (2000)

The Virtual Interface (VI) architecture has become the industry standard for user-level network interfaces. This paper presents the implementation and evaluation of Javia, a Java interface to the VI architecture. Javia explores two points in the design space. The first approach manages buffers in C and requires data copies between the Java heap and native buffers. The second approach relies on a Java-level buffer abstraction that eliminates the copies in the first approach. Javia achieves an effective bandwidth of 80 Mbytes s−1 for 8 kbyte messages, which is within 1% of those achieved by C programs. Performance evaluations of parallel matrix multiplication and of the active messages communication protocol show that Javia can serve as an efficient building block for Java cluster applications. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Study of T Cell Tolerance to the Tumor-Associated Antigen MDM2: Cytokines Can Restore Antigen Responsiveness, but Not High Avidity T Cell Function (2007)

These data indicate that cytokines can rescue the antigen-specific proliferation and effector function of MDM2-specific T cells, although this does not lead to the recovery of high avidity T cell function. This study sheds light on possible limitations of immunotherapy approaches that target widely expressed TAA, such as MDM2.
Vasopressin stimulates growth of renal epithelial cells in culture (1983)

The hypothesis that arginine vasopressin could regulate kidney epithelial growth by its effect on Na+ transport was examined in cultures of cells from the BSC-1 line. Addition of vasopressin (75 pg/ml) or NaCl (25 mM) to the medium stimulated growth of confluent cultures but retarded growth of sparse cells in the presence of 0.5% calf serum. Thus the capacity of vasopressin or exogenous NaCl to regulate growth of BSC-1 cells was cell density dependent. Vasopressin stimulated growth of confluent cultures only in the narrow concentration range of 50-100 pg/ml (approximately 10(-10)M), whereas concentrations of 10 pg/ml and 125-1,000 pg/ml had no effect. In contrast, vasopressin at or above concentrations of 10 pg/ml raised cell Na+ content to its maximal value, which indicated that the hormone could increase the Na+ content of cells without necessarily stimulating their growth. To determine if vasopressin modulates growth by acting on the plasma membrane, nutrient transport and ligand binding were assessed in high-density quiescent cultures. The hormone augmented uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and binding of epidermal growth factor, whereas the addition of NaCl (25 mM) did not. Thus growth stimulation by vasopressin was associated with increased cell Na+ content, enhanced uptake of an amino acid, and augmented binding of a growth factor. These observations suggest that the growth-promoting effect of vasopressin is not a simple function of its capacity to alter cell Na+ flux but could be mediated by other actions of the hormone, perhaps at the level of the plasma membrane.
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase from horse liver (1988)

The primary structure of the mitochondrial form of horse liver aldehyde dehydrogenase has been determined, utilizing peptide analyses and homology with other enzyme forms. The subunit exhibits N-terminal heterogeneity in size similar to that for the corresponding human mitochondrial protein, the longest form having 500 residues. Catalase was identified as a contaminant of the preparations. All four pairs within a set of aldehyde dehydrogenases can now be compared, including the same two species variants (horse and human) for both the cytosolic and mitochondrial enzyme, revealing characteristic differences although Cys-302 and other segments of presumed functional importance are unchanged. The cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes are clearly different (172 exchanges in the horse pair; 160 exchanges in the human pair) and the mitochondrial forms are more conserved (28 exchanges of 500 residues) than the cytosolic ones (43 exchanges). Distributions of the residue substitutions also differ between the two enzyme types. These results suggest a comparatively distant separation of the cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes into forms with separate functional constraints that are more strict on the mitochondrial than the cytosolic enzyme. Unexpectedly, positions with residues unique to one of the four enzymes are about twice as common in both of the horse proteins than in either of the human proteins. This difference may reflect a general pattern for human/non-human proteins, showing that not only functional properties of the protein, but also other factors, such as generation time (longer in man than in horse), are important for enzyme divergence.
Endothelin receptor blockade potentiates FasL-induced apoptosis in rat colon carcinoma cells (2000)

Imbalanced proliferation and apoptosis is important in tumor progression. Endothelin (ET)-1, a 21-amino-acid peptide with vasoconstricting and mitogenic activities, has been shown to be involved in the regulation of apoptosis. Progressive and regressive rat colon (PROb and REGb cells) carcinoma cell lines express the components of the ET-1 system (preproET-1, ET-converting enzyme and ET-receptors) and secrete ET-1. These cells also express the Fas(APO-1, CD95)/FasL system, but are resistant to FasL-induced apoptosis. We thus addressed the role of ET-1 in FasL-dependent cell death. Bosentan, a mixed ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist, potentiated FasL-induced apoptosis in these cells. At low concentrations (10(-13) to 10(-10) M), ET-1 dose-dependently reversed bosentan-induced apoptosis. Bosentan sensitization to FasL-induced apoptosis was not mediated by increased expression of Fas receptor and was blocked by the caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk. The specific inhibition of enzymes involved in ceramide production did not restore survival of cells exposed to FasL and bosentan. Our results suggest that ET-1 is a survival factor able to protect in vitro colon carcinoma cells against FasL-induced apoptosis.
High-level secretion of biologically active aprotinin from the yeastPichia pastoris (1991)

A synthetic gene encoding aprotinin (bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor) was fused to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae prepro alpha mating factor leader sequence at the dibasic amino acid processing site. Pichia pastoris strains were developed to express one or multiple copies of a methanol-inducible expression cassette containing the gene fusion. P. pastoris containing a single copy of the vector secreted approximately 150 mg/l of immunoreactive protein. A construct bearing five copies of the expression cassette secreted 930 mg/l of aprotinin. The purified aprotinin molecule was equipotent with the native molecule in a trypsin inhibition assay. Protein sequence analysis showed that the alpha factor-aprotinin fusion was not processed at the basic amino acid residues Lys-Arg. Instead, recombinant aprotinin had additional N-terminal amino acids derived from prepro alpha factor. The N-terminal extension was variably 11 or 4 amino acids. Inclusion of the spacer DNA sequence encoding Glu and Ala between aprotinin and the Lys-Arg processing site led to the secretion of a biologically active aprotinin containing only a Glu-Ala N-terminal extension.
Delta hepatitis agent: structural and antigenic properties of the delta-associated particle (1984)

Delta agent (delta) was serially passaged to a second and third hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier chimpanzee, using as inoculum the peak delta antigen (delta Ag) serum of an animal previously infected with human serum. The characteristics of serially transmitted delta Ag were similar to those described in first-passage animals. It was consistently detected before the development of anti-delta, in association with a 35- to 37-nm subpopulation of HBsAg particles and a unique low-molecular-weight (5.5 X 10(5)) RNA. RNase susceptibility of the delta-associated RNA and release of delta Ag activity upon treatment of delta-associated particles with detergent revealed that this particle is organized into a virion-like form with the RNA and delta Ag as internal components within a coat of HBsAg. Surface determinants of the delta-associated particle other than HBsAg were not detected by radioimmunoprecipitation experiments, using sera of humans and chimpanzees convalescent from delta hepatitis. The HBsAg-associated particle is the "candidate agent" of delta hepatitis.
Diffusible, nonfibrillar ligands derived from Aβ 1–42 are potent central nervous system neurotoxins (1998)

Abeta1-42 is a self-associating peptide whose neurotoxic derivatives are thought to play a role in Alzheimer's pathogenesis. Neurotoxicity of amyloid beta protein (Abeta) has been attributed to its fibrillar forms, but experiments presented here characterize neurotoxins that assemble when fibril formation is inhibited. These neurotoxins comprise small diffusible Abeta oligomers (referred to as ADDLs, for Abeta-derived diffusible ligands), which were found to kill mature neurons in organotypic central nervous system cultures at nanomolar concentrations. At cell surfaces, ADDLs bound to trypsin-sensitive sites and surface-derived tryptic peptides blocked binding and afforded neuroprotection. Germ-line knockout of Fyn, a protein tyrosine kinase linked to apoptosis and elevated in Alzheimer's disease, also was neuroprotective. Remarkably, neurological dysfunction evoked by ADDLs occurred well in advance of cellular degeneration. Without lag, and despite retention of evoked action potentials, ADDLs inhibited hippocampal long-term potentiation, indicating an immediate impact on signal transduction. We hypothesize that impaired synaptic plasticity and associated memory dysfunction during early stage Alzheimer's disease and severe cellular degeneration and dementia during end stage could be caused by the biphasic impact of Abeta-derived diffusible ligands acting upon particular neural signal transduction pathways.
Enhancement and bandwidth compression of noisy speech (1979)

Over the past several years there has been considerable attention focused on the problem of enhancement and bandwidth compression of speech degraded by additive background noise. This interest is motivated by several factors including a broad set of important applications, the apparent lack of robustness in current speech-compression systems and the development of several potentially promising and practical solutions. One objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the variety of techniques that have been proposed for enhancement and bandwidth compression of speech degraded by additive background noise. A second objective is to suggest a unifying framework in terms of which the relationships between these systems is more visible and which hopefully provides a structure which will suggest fruitful directions for further research.
Stimulation on the Positive Phase of Hippocampal Theta Rhythm Induces Long-Term Potentiation That Can Be Depotentiated by Stimulation on the Negative Phase in Area CA1In Vivo (1997)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission induced by high-frequency stimulation (HFS) is considered to be a model for learning processes; however, standard HFS protocols consisting of long trains of HFS are very different from the patterns of spike firing in freely behaving animals. We have investigated the ability of brief bursts of HFS triggered at different phases of background theta rhythm to mimic more natural activity patterns. We show that a single burst of five pulses at 200 Hz given on the positive phase of tail pinch-triggered theta rhythm reliably induced LTP in the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus of urethane-anesthetized rats. Three of these bursts saturated LTP, and 10 bursts occluded the induction of LTP by long trains of HFS. Burst stimulation on the negative phase or at zero phase of theta did not induce LTP or long-term depression. In addition, stimulation with 10 bursts on the negative phase of theta reversed previously established LTP. The results show that the phase of sensory-evoked theta rhythm powerfully regulates the ability of brief HFS bursts to elicit either LTP or depotentiation of synaptic transmission. Furthermore, because complex spike activity of approximately five pulses on the positive phase of theta rhythm can be observed in freely moving rats, LTP induced by the present theta-triggered stimulation protocol might model putative synaptic plastic changes during learning more closely than standard HFS-induced LTP.
Differential photonic time-stretch analog-to-digital converter (2003)

A new differential scheme is proposed for mitigating spectral/time nonuniformity and pulse-to-pulse variations in the photonic time-stretch analog-to-digital converter. Digitization at 120 GSamples/s with 24 GHz analog bandwidth is demonstrated.
Cord blood in regenerative medicine: do we need immune suppression? (2007)

Cord blood is currently used as an alternative to bone marrow as a source of stem cells for hematopoietic reconstitution after ablation. It is also under intense preclinical investigation for a variety of indications ranging from stroke, to limb ischemia, to myocardial regeneration. A major drawback in the current use of cord blood is that substantial morbidity and mortality are associated with pre-transplant ablation of the recipient hematopoietic system. Here we raise the possibility that due to unique immunological properties of both the stem cell and non-stem cell components of cord blood, it may be possible to utilize allogeneic cells for regenerative applications without needing to fully compromise the recipient immune system. Issues raised will include: graft versus host potential, the immunogenicity of the cord blood graft, and the parallels between cord blood transplantation and fetal to maternal trafficking. The previous use of unmatched cord blood in absence of any immune ablation, as well as potential steps for widespread clinical implementation of allogeneic cord blood grafts will also be discussed.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Light-Induced Spatial Charge Separation in Janus Graphene Oxide (2018)

Janus graphene oxides and Janus graphenes are materials with different functionalization on opposite faces of atomically thin carbon sheets. Owing to their monolayer nature, these Janus sheets show unique properties where the functionalization on one face can modulate the properties on the opposite face. However, few general procedures to create and characterize Janus graphene oxides or Janus graphenes have been reported, and as a consequence these intriguing materials remain largely unexplored. Here we report a general synthesis of Janus graphene oxide, where particles are deposited in situ from molecular precursors on opposite faces of monolayer graphene oxide (GO). We used a silicon wafer and a polymer film to successively expose and protect alternate graphene oxide faces for asymmetric deposition of Pt and TiO2 nanocrystals, thus producing Janus graphene oxide composites (Pt|GO|TiO2). We used electron microscopy of Janus graphene oxide cross-sections to conclusively show that Pt and TiO2 particles are placed on opposite faces of monolayer sheets. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of Janus graphene oxide asymmetric chemistry by showing that photogenerated electrons and holes accumulate on opposite faces of the atomically thin sheets. The general nature of the synthesis and characterization protocols enables both production and asymmetry verification of a wide range of Janus graphene oxides and therefore provides a general approach for spatial charge separation across two-dimensional structures and other potential applications.
Clonal Expansion Versus Functional Clonal Inactivation: A Costimulatory Signalling Pathway Determines the Outcome of T Cell Antigen Receptor Occupancy (1989)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More