gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor genotype-specific growth inhibition in vivo by antisense oligonucleotides against a polymorphic site of the large subunit of human RNA polymerase II. (2002)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) reduces genes to hemizygosity in cancer cells and presents an absolute difference between normal and cancer cells. The regions of LOH are usually much larger than the tumor suppressor gene, which is lost, and are expected to contain genes that are essential for cell survival. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of genetic variation in man, often giving rise to two or more allelic forms of most genes. SNPs of essential genes that are frequently affected by LOH can be used as a target for a novel therapy against cancer cells with LOH. The SNPs can be targeted by antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs) that will discriminate between two alleles. We have designed allele-specific phosphorothioate ODNs against the gene of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (POLR2A), a gene located in close proximity to the tumor suppressor gene p53, which frequently shows LOH in cancer cells. This report shows that phosphorothioate antisense ODNs directed against POLR2A can inhibit tumor growth in vivo as efficiently as a well-described antitumor antisense ODN directed against Ha-ras. In addition, we show that a single bp mismatch can be sufficient to obtain allele-specific inhibition of tumor growth, demonstrating that the effects observed are true antisense effects.
Separation and Structural Characterization of Cyclic and Open Chain Oligomers Produced in the Partial Pyrolysis of Microbial Poly(hydroxybutyrates) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation and Structural Characterization of Cyclic and Open Chain Oligomers Produced in the Partial Pyrolysis of Microbial Poly(hydroxybutyrates)Rosaria Abate, Alberto Ballistreri, Giorgio Montaudo, Mario Giuffrida, and Giuseppe ImpallomeniCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 23, 7911–7916Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00127a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00127a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Katanin, the microtubule-severing ATPase, is concentrated at centrosomes (1996)

The assembly and function of the mitotic spindle involve specific changes in the dynamic properties of microtubules. One such change results in the poleward flux of tubulin in which spindle microtubules polymerize at their kinetochore-attached plus ends while they shorten at their centrosome-attached minus ends. Since free microtubule minus ends do not depolymerize in vivo, the poleward flux of tubulin suggests that spindle microtubules are actively disassembled at or near their centrosomal attachment points. The microtubule-severing ATPase, katanin, has the ability actively to sever and disassemble microtubules and is thus a candidate for the role of a protein mediating the poleward flux of tubulin. Here we determine the subcellular localization of katanin by immunofluorescence as a preliminary step in determining whether katanin mediates the poleward flux of tubulin. We find that katanin is highly concentrated at centrosomes throughout the cell cycle. Katanin's localization is different from that of gamma-tubulin in that microtubules are required to maintain the centrosomal localization of katanin. Direct comparison of the localization of katanin and gamma-tubulin reveals that katanin is localized in a region surrounding the gamma-tubulin-containing pericentriolar region in detergent-extracted mitotic spindles. The centrosomal localization of katanin is consistent with the hypothesis that katanin mediates the disassembly of microtubule minus ends during poleward flux.
Contending with Animal Bones (2003)

This issue has been assembled in order to focus on some of the current directions in animal remains research. Since serious study of ancient animal remains began in the nineteenth century, this field and its specific areas of inquiry have evolved and diversified, and this collection of papers highlights that diversity, by including contributions that address issues from excavation and field recording methods and preservational conditions, to the use of bone for understanding past animal populations, as well as bones as proxy indicators for human activities. This volume is not meant only for the attention of the faunal remains specialist, and only a couple of these papers have actually been contributed by &amp;quot;archaeozoologists&amp;quot;. Rather we hope to demonstrate the importance of faunal remains studies, on a par with lithic or
The Receptor for the Fungal Elicitor Ethylene-Inducing Xylanase Is a Member of a Resistance-Like Gene Family in Tomato (2004)

An ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX) is a potent elicitor of plant defense responses in specific cultivars of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The LeEix locus in tomatoes was characterized by map-based cloning, which led to the identification of a novel gene cluster from which two members (LeEix1 and LeEix2) were isolated. Similar to the tomato Ve resistance genes in tomato plants, the deduced amino acid sequences encoded by LeEix1 and LeEix2 contain a Leu zipper, an extracellular Leu-rich repeat domain with glycosylation signals, a transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal domain with a mammalian endocytosis signal. Silencing expression of the LeEix genes prevented the binding of EIX to cells of an EIX-responsive plant and thus inhibited the hypersensitive response. Overexpression of either LeEix1 or LeEix2 genes in EIX-nonresponsive tobacco plants enabled the binding of EIX, although only LeEix2 could transmit the signal that induced the hypersensitive response. Overexpressing LeEix2 in mammalian COS-7 cells enables binding of EIX, indicating physical interaction between the EIX elicitor and LeEix2 gene product. Structural analysis of the LeEix proteins suggests that they belong to a class of cell-surface glycoproteins with a signal for receptor-mediated endocytosis. Mutating the endocytosis signal in LeEix2 (Tyr 993 to Ala) abolished its ability to induce the hypersensitive response, suggesting that endocytosis plays a key role in the signal transduction pathway.
Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of anisotropic water diffusion in cat central nervous system. (1990)

The diffusion behavior of intracranial water in the cat brain and spine was examined with the use of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, in which the direction of the diffusion-sensitizing gradient was varied between the x, y, and z axes of the magnet. At very high diffusion-sensitizing gradient strengths, no clear evidence of anisotropic water diffusion was found in either cortical or subcortical (basal ganglia) gray matter. Signal intensities clearly dependent on orientation were observed in the cortical and deep white matter of the brain and in the white matter of the spinal cord. Greater signal attenuation (faster diffusion) was observed when the relative orientation of white matter tracts to the diffusion-sensitizing gradient was parallel as compared to that obtained with a perpendicular alignment. These effects were seen on both premortem and immediate postmortem images obtained in all axial, sagittal, and coronal views. Potential applications of this MR imaging technique included the stereospecific evaluation of white matter in the brain and spinal cord and in the characterization of demyelinating and dysmyelinating diseases.
Bioequivalency and dose proportionality of three tableted promethazine products (1986)

Data from a five-way crossover study in human subjects using four talented promethazine products and a promethazine solution are presented. All products were administered as a single oral dose. The five objectives of the study were to investigate bioequivalency, to estimate dose proportionality at two dose levels, to establish validity of a reference production solution for future bioequivalency studies, to estimate intersubject variation, and to compare bioavailability/tablet dissolution data. Blood samples were collected at given intervals over a 24-hour period and analysed for promethazine using an HPLC technique. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using standard procedures and a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVAR) was used to assess whether the differences were statistically significant. The AUC0----infinity data from the ANOVAR analysis showed that the 50 mg innovator and generic products and the 50 mg solution were not significantly different. However, the innovator product had a significantly lower Cmax and longer tmax than the solution. The generic product did not differ significantly from the solution. Promethazine was found to exhibit linear dose proportionality in the range and product studied. Intersubject variation was high for all parameters (23 to 63 per cent) and the in vivo and in vitro data showed a positive relationship.
Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Antibodies for Breast Cancer Detection Applications (2006)

We study the effect of functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) with a primary monoclonal mouse immunoglobin G (IgG) specific to the cell-surface receptors of breast cancer cells, and secondary polyclonal goat ant- mouse IgG. The CNTs, in solution with a surfactant (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) were labeled with dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6), a fluorescent dye, in order to view them with fluorescently labeled antibodies through confocal microscopy. Co-localization for CNTs in combination with the primary antibody conjugated to the secondary was determined to be 90%, whereas CNTs in combination with the secondary antibody and polyethylene glycol (PEG), a polymer used to block CNTs from proteins binding to their surface, was found to be very minimal (0.5%). Preliminary studies on the electrical measurements of the primary mouse IgG incubated with CNTs show a decrease in conductance compared to that of bare CNT field effect transistors (CNTFETs). This observed change in conductance, can eventually be amplified and utilized in applications leading to a full-fledged breast cancer detection system in the future.
But‐2‐ynylbisoxycarbonyl Chloride: A Novel C2‐Symmetric Reagent for the Protection of Amines and Amino Acids. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Growth-Regulated Oncogene-1 Expression Is Associated with Angiogenesis and Lymph Node Metastasis in Human Oral Cancer (2004)

Growth-regulated oncogene-1 (GRO-1) is an autocrine growth factor in melanoma and is a member of the CXC family of chemokines which promote chemotaxis of granulocytes and endothelia through binding to CXC receptor 2. A previous article noted that GRO-1 was upregulated in oral cancer using a genome-wide microarray approach. We have examined the expression of GRO-1 in 9 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines and 94 OSCC specimens. Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses, GRO-1 expressions were varied in OSCC cell lines. Of the 94 OSCC specimens, 37 (39.4%) showed GRO-1 cytoplasmic immunostaining, and microvessel density revealed a correlation between GRO-1 expression and tumor angiogenesis. GRO-1 expression was also associated with leukocyte infiltration, and lymph node metastasis. These findings suggest a possible relationship between the expression level of GRO-1 and tumor progression.
Observed bromodomain flexibility reveals histone peptide- and small molecule ligand-compatible forms of ATAD2 (2014)

Preventing histone recognition by bromodomains emerges as an attractive therapeutic approach in cancer. Overexpression of ATAD2 (ATPase family AAA domain-containing 2 isoform A) in cancer cells is associated with poor prognosis making the bromodomain of ATAD2 a promising epigenetic therapeutic target. In the development of an in vitro assay and identification of small molecule ligands, we conducted structure-guided studies which revealed a conformationally flexible ATAD2 bromodomain. Structural studies on apo-, peptide-and small molecule-ATAD2 complexes (by co-crystallization) revealed that the bromodomain adopts a 'closed', histone-compatible conformation and a more 'open' ligand-compatible conformation of the binding site respectively. An unexpected conformational change of the conserved asparagine residue plays an important role in driving the peptide-binding conformation remodelling. We also identified dimethylisoxazole-containing ligands as ATAD2 binders which aided in the validation of the in vitro screen and in the analysis of these conformational studies.
The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools (2012)

SILVA (from Latin silva, forest, http://www.arb-silva.de) is a comprehensive web resource for up to date, quality-controlled databases of aligned ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences from the Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryota domains and supplementary online services. The referred database release 111 (July 2012) contains 3 194 778 small subunit and 288 717 large subunit rRNA gene sequences. Since the initial description of the project, substantial new features have been introduced, including advanced quality control procedures, an improved rRNA gene aligner, online tools for probe and primer evaluation and optimized browsing, searching and downloading on the website. Furthermore, the extensively curated SILVA taxonomy and the new non-redundant SILVA datasets provide an ideal reference for high-throughput classification of data from next-generation sequencing approaches.
Stress Incontinence of Urine: A Retrospective Study of Tpie Complications and Late Results of Simple Suprapubic Suburethral Fascial Slings (1973)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Nov 1973Stress Incontinence of Urine: A Retrospective Study of Tpie Complications and Late Results of Simple Suprapubic Suburethral Fascial Slings W.R. Sloan, and B. Norman Barwin W.R. SloanW.R. Sloan More articles by this author , and B. Norman BarwinB. Norman Barwin Current address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario Kin 5C8. More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)60272-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1973 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByChaikin D, Blaivas J, Rosenthal J and Weiss J (2018) RESULTS OF PUBOVAGINAL SLING FOR STRESS INCONTINENCE: A PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF 4 INSTRUMENTS FOR OUTCOME ANALYSISJournal of Urology, VOL. 162, NO. 5, (1670-1673), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1999.CHAIKIN D, ROSENTHAL J and BLAIVAS J (2018) PUBOVAGINAL FASCIAL SLING FOR ALL TYPES OF STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE: LONG-TERM ANALYSISJournal of Urology, VOL. 160, NO. 4, (1312-1316), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1998.Carr L, Walsh P, Abraham V and Webster G (2018) Favorable Outcome of Pubovaginal Slings for Geriatric Women With Stress IncontinenceJournal of Urology, VOL. 157, NO. 1, (125-128), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1997.Fokaefs E, Lampel A, Hohenfellner M, Lazica M and Thuroff J (2018) Experimental Evaluation of Free Versus Pedicled Fascial Flaps for Sling Surgery of Urinary Stress IncontinenceJournal of Urology, VOL. 157, NO. 3, (1039-1043), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1997.Mason R and Roach M (2018) Modified Pubovaginal Sling for Treatment of Intrinsic Sphincteric DeficiencyJournal of Urology, VOL. 156, NO. 6, (1991-1994), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1996.Kakizaki H, Shibata T, Shinno Y, Kobayashi S, Matsumura K and Koyanagi T (2018) Fascial Sling for the Management of Urinary Incontinence Due to Sphincter IncompetenceJournal of Urology, VOL. 153, NO. 3, (644-647), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1995.Blaivas J and Jacobs B (2018) Pubovaginal Fascial Sling for the Treatment of Complicated Stress Urinary IncontinenceJournal of Urology, VOL. 145, NO. 6, (1214-1218), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1991. Volume 110Issue 5November 1973Page: 533-536 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1973 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information W.R. Sloan More articles by this author B. Norman Barwin Current address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario Kin 5C8. More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Improvement of 3D Power Line Extraction from Multiple Low-Cost UAV Imagery Using Wavelet Analysis (2019)

Three-dimensional (3D) mapping of power lines is very important for power line inspection. Many remotely-sensed data products like light detection and ranging (LiDAR) have been already studied for power line surveys. More and more data are being obtained via photogrammetric measurements. This increases the need for the implementation of advanced processing techniques. In recent years, there have been several developments in visualisation techniques using UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) platform photography. The most modern of such imaging systems have the ability to generate dense point clouds. However, image-based point cloud accuracy is very often various (unstable) and dependent on the radiometric quality of images and the efficiency of image processing algorithms. The main factor influencing the point cloud quality is noise. Such problems usually arise with data obtained via low-cost UAV platforms. Therefore, generated point clouds representing power lines are usually incomplete and noisy. To obtain a complete and accurate 3D model of power lines and towers, it is necessary to develop improved data processing algorithms. The experiment tested the algorithms on power lines with different voltages. This paper presents the wavelet-based method of processing data acquired with a low-cost UAV camera. The proposed, original method involves the application of algorithms for coarse filtration and precise filtering. In addition, a new way of calculating the recommended flight height was proposed. At the end, the accuracy assessment of this two-stage filtration process was examined. For this, point quality indices were proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the quality of low-cost point clouds. The proposed methods improve the accuracy of determining the parameters of the lines by more than twice. About 10% of noise is reduced by using the wavelet-based approach.
A rapid in vitro assay for HIV DNA integration (1991)

Retroviruses synthesize a double stranded DNA copy of their RNA genome after infection of a permissive cell and subsequent integration of this DNA copy into the host genome is necessary for normal viral replication. Integration occurs by a specialized DNA recombination reaction, mediated by the viral IN protein. Because this reaction has no known cellular counterpart, it is a particularly attractive target in the search for specific inhibitors with low toxicity that may serve as therapeutic antiviral agents. We present a simple assay system that is suitable for screening potential inhibitors of HIV DNA integration. Only short oligonucleotides matching one end of HIV DNA and purified HIV IN protein are required as substrates. Furthermore, since each step of the assay can be carried out in the wells of microtiter plates, large numbers of reactions can be processed simultaneously.
THE FOOD AND DRUG LAW (2016)

This tenth conference of the Inter-American Bar Association in Buenos Aires has the historical significance of discussing the food and drug law for the first time, which is popularly named the Pure Food and Drug Law. It is the public law to regulate the manufacture and sale of its vital products, to assure their safety and purity and integrity and to inquire their honest and true and informative representation; in order to prevent the consumption of any that may kill or injure and the purchase of any that may deceive or defraud. Hence it is a basic public health law ; and also a basic fair trade law. Moreover it is further a basic agricultural law, in its application to the regulation of natural foods; it is a basic nutrition law, to the extent it provides for essential dietary foods and their instructive labeling; and it is a basic pharmacy and medical law, because it safeguards the compounding and prescription and dispensing of necessary medicines. In short and for all these and other reasons it is a fundamental social and economic law, which has a universal existence in the American countries as elsewhere. Consequently it is a law which manifestly invites appropriate consideration by national and international and regional associations of the legal profession, which is responsible for its construction and interpretation and enforcement; aside from the inherent duty of this profession with respect to a basic public law. I am delighted to join in such a distinguished discussion of this law. For I have long practiced it in the United States; I am counsel for major national associations of our food and drug industries, which importantly deal with it; and I hold significant professional offices relating to it in our country. They are chairman of the respective organizations on this law in the American and New York State Bar Associations, which constructively study it ; editor of the Food Drug Cosmetic Law Journal, which reports its progress and publishes research papers about it ; professor in the national program of the New York University School of Law on it, which gives graduate instruction in it ; and president of The Food Law Institute. This is a unique public organization established by leading food and affiliated manufacturers, to provide needed knowledge of this law (both domestic and foreign) for a better understanding and a due use of it, by de-
Reprogramming to Pluripotency Using Designer TALE Transcription Factors Targeting Enhancers (2013)

The modular DNA recognition code of the transcription-activator-like effectors (TALEs) from plant pathogenic bacterial genus Xanthomonas provides a powerful genetic tool to create designer transcription factors (dTFs) targeting specific DNA sequences for manipulating gene expression. Previous studies have suggested critical roles of enhancers in gene regulation and reprogramming. Here, we report dTF activator targeting the distal enhancer of the Pou5f1 (Oct4) locus induces epigenetic changes, reactivates its expression, and substitutes exogenous OCT4 in reprogramming mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Similarly, dTF activator targeting a Nanog enhancer activates Nanog expression and reprograms epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) to iPSCs. Conversely, dTF repressors targeting the same genetic elements inhibit expression of these loci, and effectively block reprogramming. This study indicates that dTFs targeting specific enhancers can be used to study other biological processes such as transdifferentiation or directed differentiation of stem cells.