gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Audio-visual based emotion recognition using tripled hidden Markov model (2004)

Emotion recognition is one of the latest challenges in intelligent human/machine communication. Most of previous work on emotion recognition focused on extracting emotions from visual or audio information separately. A novel approach is presented in this paper to recognize the human emotion which uses both visual and audio from video clips. A tripled hidden Markov model is introduced to perform the recognition which allows the state asynchrony of the audio and visual observation sequences while preserving their natural correlation over time. The experimental results show that this approach outperforms only using visual or audio separately.
Securing history: Privacy and accountability in database systems (2007)

Databases that preserve a historical record of activities and data offer the important benefit of system accountability: past events can be analyzed to detect breaches and maintain data quality. But the retention of history can also pose a threat to privacy. System designers need to carefully balance the need for privacy and accountability by controlling how and when data is retained by the system and who will be able to recover and analyze it. This paper describes the technical challenges faced in enhancing database systems so that they can securely manage history. These include: first, assessing the unintended retention of data in existing database systems that can threaten privacy; second, redesigning system components to avoid this unintended retention; and third, developing new system features to support accountability when it is desired. 1.
Competitor template RNA for detection and quantitation of hepatitis A virus by PCR. (1994)

PCR was used to introduce a 63-bp deletion into the putative RNA replicase coding sequence of hepatitis A virus. RNA was synthesized in vitro from the deletion mutant cloned into a transcription vector. Upon amplification by PCR, cDNA made from the competitor RNA generated an amplified fragment that could be easily distinguished from the product generated from wild-type hepatitis A virus genomic RNA by gel electrophoresis, when the same primers were used, without further manipulation. The competitor RNA was used as a positive control in PCR-based detection of very low copy numbers of hepatitis A virus genomic RNA in the presence of unrelated hard-shell clam RNA. When the competitor RNA was used for competitive PCR to quantitate wild-type RNA, the presence of one template at a 10-fold to 100-fold higher level almost completely inhibited product formation from the underrepresented template. The competitor RNA should be useful as a control for reverse transcription and PCRs to determine hepatitis A virus genome RNA when accidental contamination of test samples by a wild-type positive control template would compromise the results.
Insights into Yersinia pestis biofilm development: topology and co‐interaction of Hms inner membrane proteins involved in exopolysaccharide production (2008)

Primarily, three operons, hmsHFRS, hmsT and hmsP, are responsible for the development of a Yersinia pestis biofilm, which is essential for blockage-dependent transmission of plague from fleas to mammals. Here, using specific antibodies, a polymeric beta-1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-like polysaccharide was detected in the extracellular matrix of hmsHFRS-dependent Y. pestis biofilm. The production of this exopolysaccharide (EPS) was controlled by diguanylate cyclase HmsT and EAL domain phosphodiesterase HmsP, acting as positive and negative regulators respectively. Cellular compartmentalization of soluble segments of Hms inner membrane proteins, including the putative glycosyltransferase domain of HmsR, the diguanylate cyclase/GGDEF domain of HmsT and the phosphodiesterase/EAL domain of HmsP, was determined by a combination of topology prediction algorithms and construction of C-terminal translational fusions with beta-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase. Multiple interactions of Hms inner membrane proteins were detected using bacterial cAMP based two-hybrid system. Biochemical analyses confirmed some of these protein-protein interactions. Our results indicate that synthesis and regulation of the Y. pestis biofilm EPS occurs in the cytoplasm by a proposed Hms enzymatic complex.
Evolution of the Myelin Integral Membrane Proteins of the Central Nervous System (1991)

The predominant integral membrane protein of the CNS myelin of amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals is proteolipid protein (PLP) and P0, the main glycoprotein in PNS myelin. Alternative splicing of the transcripts of the single genes of PLP and myelin basic protein (MBP) is the underlying mechanism by which the isoforms of the two main proteins of the myelin membrane arise. DM20 is an isoform of PLP in mammalian, avian and reptilian myelin. It does not occur in the CNS myelin of amphibia. DM20 lacks an extended hydrophilic sequence exposed on the extracytoplasmic surface of the lipid bilayer as a result of the usage of a cryptic donor splice site within exon III. We report about comparative studies on PLP and its DM20 isoform on the protein and DNA level of frog, chicken, rat CNS and the P0-related IP proteins of the CNS of trout. Chemical cleavage at tryptophan residues with N-chlorosuccinimide yields identical patterns of PLP peptides which refers to a high conservation between amphibia, birds and mammals and is totally different from the cleavage pattern of hydrophobic myelin proteins IP-1 and IP-2 of trout CNS and that of P0 of rat PNS. The N-terminal 19 amino-acid residues of IP-1 of trout CNS- and P0 of frog PNS myelin were sequenced and proved to be homologous on one hand with the P0 analogue of CNS of the shark, a cartilage fish, and on the other hand with P0 protein of PNS of birds and mammals. The complete amino-acid sequence of chicken CNS PLP was derived from its cDNA. Coding and noncoding segments of the PLP gene of frog were sequenced: there is a high degree of conservation between amphibian and mammalian PLP within the hydrophobic domains. Numerous mutations were found within the part of exon III encoding the hydrophilic domain. Base exchanges within the putative splice site in exon III explain the absence of DM20 in the protein pattern of amphibia CNS myelin. This result is being discussed in view of the membrane organization and the function of PLP.
Atmospheric Compensation using a Geometrically-Compensated Empirical Line Method (2008)

This paper presents a geometric extension to the well known Empirical Line Method (ELM) for atmospheric compensation, enabling improved results through the use of 3D scene geometry. Typically, this geometry is assumed to be known, either through direct measurement or analysis of other imagery such as lidar or photogrammetric products. However, when the scene geometry is unknown and only spectral information is available, in certain cases estimates of the surface orientation may be obtained directly from image brightness values. In this paper we derive a means to determine surface orientation estimates from a pair of brightness images, and then use this geometric information to improve the ELM solution.
Solid Phase Synthesis of Diamino-Substituted Pyrimidines (2001)

2,4- and 4,6-Diamino-substituted pyrimidines are known for their biological activity in many therapeutic areas. A novel solid-phase synthesis of this class of compounds by nucleophilic aromatic substitution has been set up and the reactivity of differently substituted solid-supported pyrimidines with properly selected amines has been studied. Using this methodology a small library of diamino-substituted pyrimidines has been prepared.
Review of the Properties of Up-Conversion Phosphors for New Emissive Displays (2006)

In this paper, we review the properties of up-conversion (UC) materials and assess their potential for a new display technology. UC materials absorb near infrared light and re-emit in the visible. Some of their most appealing characteristics for displays are: a wide color gamut with very saturated colors, very high brightness operation without damage to the emitters, long lifetimes and efficiencies comparable to those of existing technologies. Other advantages include simplicity of fabrication, versatility of operation modes, and the potential for greatly reduced display weight and depth.
Identification of Promoter Regions Involved in Cell- and Developmental Stage-Specific Osteopontin Expression in Bone, Kidney, Placenta, and Mammary Gland: An Analysis of Transgenic Mice (2004)

The line bearing the -5505 to +14 region of the OPN promoter was shown by Northern blotting and immunoblotting to express GFP in the same cells that express endogenous OPN (osteoblasts, hypertrophic chondrocytes, renal and mammary gland epithelial cells, and granulated metrial gland [GMG] placental cells) at the same stage in development. Thus, the 5.5-kb -5505 to +14 promoter region is sufficient for proper tissue-specific OPN expression. The lines carrying shorter segments of the OPN promoter showed different expression patterns. These patterns revealed a putative cis-acting element in the -5269 to -5263 region that restricts OPN expression to hypertrophic chondrocytes and a mammary gland-specific expressing element and a GMG cell-specific enhancing element in the -5505 to -3156 region. Furthermore, the -3155 to -1576 region seems to contain positive renal epithelial cell- and GMG cell-specific expression motif(s) as well as a negative regulatory element that prevents OPN expression in fibroblasts. Moreover, the -1576 to -910 region seems to contain a positive osteoblast-specific-expressing element. Thus, the 5.5-kb OPN promoter contains multiple cis-acting elements encoding positive and negative cell-specific regulatory systems.
Simulation of the electric response of DNA translocation through a semiconductor nanopore–capacitor (2006)

A multi-scale/multi-material computational model for simulation of the electric signal detected on the electrodes of a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitor forming a nanoscale artificial membrane, and containing a nanopore with translocating DNA, is presented. The multi-scale approach is based on the incorporation of a molecular dynamics description of a translocating DNA molecule in the nanopore within a three-dimensional Poisson equation self-consistent scheme involving electrolytic and semiconductor charges for the electrostatic potential calculation. The voltage signal obtained from the simulation supports the possibility for single nucleotide resolution with a nanopore device. The electric signal predicted on the capacitor electrodes complements ongoing experiments exploring the use of nanopores in a MOS capacitor membrane for DNA sequencing.
Multiagent Reinforcement Learning: Theoretical Framework and an Algorithm (1998)

In this paper, we adopt general-sum stochastic games as a framework for multiagent reinforcement learning. Our work extends previous work by Littman on zero-sum stochastic games to a broader framework. We design a multiagent Q-learning method under this framework, and prove that it converges to a Nash equilibrium under specified conditions. This algorithm is useful for finding the optimal strategy when there exists a unique Nash equilibrium in the game. When there exist multiple Nash equilibria in the game, this algorithm should be combined with other learning techniques to find optimal strategies. 1 Introduction Reinforcement learning has gained attention and extensive study in recent years [5, 12]. As a learning method that does not need a model of its environment and can be used online, reinforcement learning is wellsuited for multiagent systems, where agents know little about other agents, and the environment changes during learning. Applications of reinforcement learning in multi...
Increased cyclin-dependent kinase 6 expression in bladder cancer (2012)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (Cdk6) controls the cell cycle and aberrant expression of Cdk6 is involved in cancer progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Cdk6 in bladder cancer development. Cdk6 expression was examined in 31 cases of bladder cancer and 29 tissues adjacent to bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) using an immunohistochemistry assay. The correlation between Cdk6 expression and clinical characteristics was also analyzed. Compared with the adjacent tissues, cytoplasmic and nuclear Cdk6 expression levels were significantly increased in the invasive bladder cancer cases (P=0.005 and P<0.001, respectively), but not in the non-invasive superficial cases of bladder cancer (P>0.05 for both). Cytoplasmic and nuclear Cdk6 expression levels were correlated with bladder cancer stage (superficial vs. invasive, P=0.026 and P=0.006, respectively). The results therefore indicate that increased Cdk6 expression contributes to bladder cancer development and may serve as a biomarker for bladder cancer.
Improved Semiconductor-Laser Dynamics From Induced Population Pulsation (2006)

This paper investigates theoretically the modification of dynamical properties in a semiconductor laser by a strong injected signal. It is found that enhanced relaxation oscillations are governed by the pulsations of the intracavity field and population at frequencies determined by the injected field and cavity resonances. Furthermore, the bandwidth enhancement is associated with the undamping of the injection-induced relaxation oscillation and strong population pulsation effects. There are two limitations to the modulation-bandwidth enhancement: Overdamping of relaxation oscillation and degradation of flat response at low frequencies. The injected-laser rate-equations used in the investigation reproduce the relevant aspects of modulation-bandwidth enhancement found in the experiment on injection-locked vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.
Anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody inhibits murine AA-amyloidosis. (2004)

IL-6 is a key cytokine for the induction of AA-amyloidosis, and anti-IL-6R therapy appears promising for the treatment of AA-amyloidosis.
Critical Amino Acid Residues Determine the Binding Affinity and the Ca2+ Release Efficacy of Maurocalcine in Skeletal Muscle Cells (2003)

Maurocalcine (MCa) is a 33 amino acid residue peptide toxin isolated from the scorpion Scorpio maurus palmatus. MCa and mutated analogues were chemically synthesized, and their interaction with the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) was studied on purified RyR1, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles, and cultured myotubes. MCa strongly potentiates [3H]ryanodine binding on SR vesicles (7-fold at pCa 5) with an apparent EC50 of 12 nm. MCa decreases the sensitivity of [3H]ryanodine binding to inhibitory high Ca2+ concentrations and increases it to the stimulatory low Ca2+ concentrations. In the presence of MCa, purified RyR1 channels show long-lasting openings characterized by a conductance equivalent to 60% of the full conductance. This effect correlates with a global increase in Ca2+ efflux as demonstrated by MCa effects on Ca2+ release from SR vesicles. In addition, we show for the first time that external application of MCa to cultured myotubes produces a cytosolic Ca2+ increase due to Ca2+ release from 4-chloro-m-cresol-sensitive intracellular stores. Using various MCa mutants, we identified a critical role of Arg24 for MCa binding onto RyR1. All of the other MCa mutants are still able to modify [3H]ryanodine binding although with a decreased EC50 and a lower stimulation efficacy. All of the active mutants produce both the appearance of a subconductance state and Ca2+ release from SR vesicles. Overall, these data identify some amino acid residues of MCa that support the effect of this toxin on ryanodine binding, RyR1 biophysical properties, and Ca2+ release from SR.
Using ACE inhibitors appropriately. (2002)

When first introduced in 1981, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were indicated only for treatment of refractory hypertension. Since then, they have been shown to reduce morbidity or mortality in congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal insufficiency, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Pathologies underlying these conditions are, in part, attributable to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Angiotensin II contributes to endothelial dysfunction. altered renal hemodynamics, and vascular and cardiac hypertrophy. ACE inhibitors attenuate these effects. Clinical outcomes of ACE inhibition include decreases in myocardial infarction (fatal and nonfatal), reinfarction, angina, stroke, end-stage renal disease, and morbidity and mortality associated with heart failure. ACE inhibitors are generally well tolerated and have few contraindications. (Am Fam Physician 2002;66:473.)
In Vitro Bioactive Characteristics of Borate‐Based Glasses with Controllable Degradation Behavior (2006)

Silicate‐based bioactive glasses undergo incomplete conversion to a calcium phosphate material after in vivo implantation, which severely limits their biomedical application. In this communication, novel borate‐based glasses with controllable degradation behavior were developed and their bioactive potential was investigated in vitro . When immersed in a 0.02 M K 2 HPO 4 solution at 37°C, these glasses reacted to form a carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatite (c‐HA) on their surfaces, indicating their bioactive potential. The conversion rate to c‐HA was controlled by adjusting the B 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ratio in the glass composition. The results indicate the potential application of the borate‐based bioactive glass as scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering.
Reduced channel dependence for speech recognition (1992)

Speech recognition systems tend to be sensitive to unimportant steady-state variation in speech spectra (i.e. those caused by varying the microphone or channel characteristics). There have been many attempts to solve this problem; however, these techniques are often computationally burdensome, especially for real-time implementation. Recently, Hermansy et al. [1] and Hirsch et al. [2] have suggested a simple technique that removes slow-moving linear channel variation with little adverse effect on speech recognition performance. In this paper we examine this technique, known as RASTA filtering, and evaluate its performance when applied to SRI's DECIPHER™ speech recognition system [3]. We show that RASTA filtering succeeds in reducing DECIPHER™'s dependence on the channel.
Axonal Cytoskeletal Changes After Nondisruptive Axonal Injury. II. Intermediate Sized Axons (1998)

Earlier studies of axonal cytoskeletal responses to stretch injury in the guinea pig optic nerve, a model of nondisruptive axonal injury such as occurs in human diffuse axonal injury, have demonstrated different cytoskeletal responses between the smallest and largest axons. But these form only approximately 3% of the total number of axons in the optic nerve. It was then posited that the pathology described in the latter axons may not be representative of the pathology in the majority of axons after stretch injury. In order to test this hypothesis, we carried out a quantitative, morphological analysis of structural changes in the cytoskeleton of intermediate (axonal diameter of 0.5-2.0 mM) sized axons at 4 h after stretch injury. Neurofilaments in axons up to 1.00 microm in diameter increased in number and in axons up to 1.50 microm diameter were compacted. This did not occur in larger axons (diameter of 1.51-2.00 microm) in the present study. However, there was focal compaction of neurofilaments in some of the larger fibers at sites where the integrity of the axolemma was lost. The response by microtubules to stretch injury differed from that of neurofilaments in that there was an increased spacing between microtubules and a loss of their number in axons of >1.51 microm diameter. We provide quantitative, morphological evidence (a) that the neurofilamentous cytoskeleton of different sized axons responds in different ways to stretch and (b) that the response by microtubules differs from that of neurofilaments.
Amino acid sequence of the a subunit of human factor XIII (1986)

Factor XIII is a plasma protein that plays an important role in the final stages of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. The complete amino acid sequence of the a subunit of human factor XIII was determined by a combination of cDNA cloning and amino acid sequence analysis. A lambda gtll cDNA library prepared from human placenta mRNA was screened with an affinity-purified antibody against the a subunit of human factor XIII and then with a synthetic oligonucleotide probe that coded for a portion of the amino acid sequence present in the activation peptide of the a subunit. Six positive clones were identified and shown to code for the a subunit of factor XIII by DNA sequence analysis. A total of 3831 base pairs was determined by sequencing six overlapping cDNA clones. This DNA sequence contains a 5' noncoding region or a region coding for a portion of a pro-piece or leader sequence, the mature protein (731 amino acids), a stop codon (TGA), a 3' noncoding region (1535 nucleotides), and a poly(A) tail (10 nucleotides). When the a subunit of human factor XIII was digested with cyanogen bromide, 11 peptides were isolated by gel filtration and reverse-phase HPLC. Amino acid sequence analyses of these peptides were performed with an automated sequenator, and 363 amino acid residues were identified. These amino acid sequences were in complete agreement with those predicted from the cDNA. The a subunit of factor XIII contained the active site sequence of Tyr-Gly-Gln-Cys-Trp, which is identical with that of tissue transglutaminase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
2‐Amino‐2′‐desoxytubercidin und verwandte Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidinyl‐2′‐desoxyribofuranoside (1987)

Abstract Phasentransferglycosylierung von 2‐Amino‐4‐chlor‐7 H ‐pyrrolo‐[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidin ( 4a ) mit 1‐Chlor‐3,5‐di‐ O ‐( p ‐toluoyl)‐α‐ D ‐ erythro ‐pentofuranose ( 7 ) führt regio‐ und diastereoselektiv zum kristallinen Verknüpfungsprodukt 5a . Dessen 4‐Halogensubstituent oder der des ungeschützten Nucleosids 2b ist nucleophil substituierbar, wodurch 2‐Amino‐2′‐desoxytubercidin ( 1 ) und das Thionucleosid 3a zugänglich werden. In Abwesenheit der Nucleobase konnten aus dem Glycosylierungsansatz die anomeren 2‐Desoxy‐1,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐( p ‐toluoyl)‐ D ‐ erythro ‐pentofuranosen 8 und 9 isoliert werden.
W-RGB-D: Floor-plan-based indoor global localization using a depth camera and WiFi (2014)

Localization approaches typically rely on an already available map to identify the position of the sensor in the environment. Such maps are usually built beforehand and often require the user to record data from the same sensor used for localization. In this paper, we relax this assumption and present a localization approach based on architectural floor plans. In general, floor plans are readily available for most man-made buildings but only represent basic architectural structures. The incomplete knowledge leads to ambiguous pose estimates. To solve this problem, we present W-RGB-D, a new method for indoor global localization based on WiFi and an RGB-D camera. We introduce a sensor model for RGB-D cameras that is suitable to be used with abstract floor plans. To resolve ambiguities during global localization, we estimate a coarse initial distribution about the sensor position using the WiFi signal strength. We evaluate our W-RGB-D localization method in indoor environments and compare its performance with RGB-D-based Monte Carlo localization. Our results demonstrate that the use of WiFi information as proposed with our approach improves the localization in terms of convergence speed and quality of the solution.
Effect of RNA Silencing of Polo-Like Kinase-1 (PLK1) on Apoptosis and Spindle Formation in Human Cancer Cells (2002)

PLK1 function appears to be essential for centrosome-mediated microtubule events and, consequently, for spindle assembly. siRNAs targeted against human PLK1 may be valuable tools as antiproliferative agents that display activity against a broad spectrum of neoplastic cells at very low doses.