gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phonon contribution to the transport properties of single-crystalMgB2 (2002)

We extract phonon contributions from the transport properties of a ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ single crystal. The temperature dependence of the in-plane resistivity is well explained by the Bloch-Gr\"uneisen formula with the Debye temperature ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{D}\ensuremath{\sim}400 \mathrm{K},$ taking into account an additional contribution of the ${E}_{2g}$ phonon mode $(\ensuremath{\sim}890 \mathrm{K}).$ In the thermoelectric power, we find a phonon drag peak around 70 K, which gives a consistent estimation of ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{D}$ with the resistivity result. The pressure dependence of the in-plane resistivity reveals a major contribution of the ${E}_{2g}$ phonon mode to superconductivity.
Alternative Biotransformation of Retinal to Retinoic Acid or Retinol by an Aldehyde Dehydrogenase from Bacillus cereus (2016)

Although mammalian ALDHs have catalyzed the conversion of retinal to retinoic acid with NAD(P)(+) as a cofactor, a bacterial ALDH involved in the conversion is first characterized. The biotransformation of all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinoic acid by BcALDH and human ALDH was altered to the biotransformation to all-trans-retinol by a cofactor switch using NADPH. Moreover, the production of all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol was changed by mutations at positions 194 and 457 in BcALDH. The alternative biotransformation of retinoids was first performed in the present study. These results will contribute to the biotechnological production of retinoids, including retinoic acid and retinol.
Risk factors for thrombosis and primary thrombosis prevention in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with or without antiphospholipid antibodies (2008)

Independent predictors of thrombosis for aPL-positive patients were male sex, LAC, and constantly positive aCL, and for aPL-negative patients were male sex and hypertension. The duration of low-dose aspirin use played a protective role against thrombosis in aPL-positive patients as did the duration of hydroxychloroquine in both groups.
Design, implementation and analysis of a multimedia conference system using TCP/UDP (2002)

It is generally accepted that most of the currently existing transport protocols such as TCP/UDP and OSI transport protocols are not suitable for multimedia conference applications, in which different media services require different service requirements. However, the wide use of these protocols make them attractive to people who are interested in finding the performance of these protocols and quickly bring multimedia to the desktop. The authors present the design, realization and analysis of a multimedia conference system on FDDI using TCP/IP protocols. End-to-end delays and jitters are measured to compare the performances of two architectures: one architecture is based on TCP in which all applications services, interactive video, interactive voice and data, are multiplexed at the application level and transmitted through TCP; the other architecture has interactive video and voice transmitted through UDP and data transmitted through TCP. The authors also present a new way to measure the delay which avoids the frequency synchronization problem. Important aspects of the experience gained from building the software for the multimedia conference are also presented, especially with respect to parallelism within different parts of the software.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Exploiting cell‐free systems: Implementation and debugging of a system of biotransformations (2010)

The orchestration of a multitude of enzyme catalysts allows cells to carry out complex and thermodynamically unfavorable chemical conversions. In an effort to recruit these advantages for in vitro biotransformations, we have assembled a 10-step catalytic system-a system of biotransformations (SBT)-for the synthesis of unnatural monosaccharides based on the versatile building block dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). To facilitate the assembly of such a network, we have insulated a production pathway from Escherichia coli's central carbon metabolism. This pathway consists of the endogenous glycolysis without triose-phosphate isomerase to enable accumulation of DHAP and was completed with lactate dehydrogenase to regenerate NAD(+). It could be readily extended for the synthesis of unnatural sugar molecules, such as the unnatural monosaccharide phosphate 5,6,7-trideoxy-D-threo-heptulose-1-phosphate from DHAP and butanal. Insulation required in particular inactivation of the amn gene encoding the AMP nucleosidase, which otherwise led to glucose-independent DHAP production from adenosine phosphates. The work demonstrates that a sufficiently insulated in vitro multi-step enzymatic system can be readily assembled from central carbon metabolism pathways.
Rapid complementation assays measuring replicative potential of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein mutants (1990)

Rapid assays which measure the ability of mutant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins to mediate cell-free and/or cell-to-cell transmission of virus are described. By using these assays, envelope glycoprotein mutants with varying degrees of syncytium-forming ability were tested for ability to complement viral replication in trans. As expected, mutants that dramatically affect association of the gp120-gp41 envelope subunits, CD4 binding, or membrane fusion were unable to form syncytia or to support cell-free or cell-to-cell transmission. Surprisingly, some membrane fusion-defective mutants significantly attenuated in syncytium-forming ability were able to complement viral replication. Conversely, mutations in the carboxyl terminus of gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein, although not affecting syncytium-forming ability, significantly attenuated both forms of virus transmission. These results indicate that syncytium formation is not sufficient for cell-to-cell transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Furthermore, virus transmission appears to be less sensitive to inhibition of membrane fusion than is syncytium formation.
Closure of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition Reduces rtPA-Mediated Mortality in Cerebral Ischemia With Delayed Reperfusion (2003)

rtPA-mediated mortality in delayed reperfusion is associated with early opening of the BBB. Closure of the BBB with BB-94 given before rtPA treatment reduced mortality, suggesting that treatment with MMP inhibitors might reduce the risk associated with thrombolysis.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling regulates early development and developmental haemopoiesis (2007)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signalling regulates a wide variety of cellular functions including proliferation and differentiation. Disruption of class I(A) PI3K isoforms has implicated PI3K-mediated signalling in development of the early embryo and lymphohaemopoietic system. We have used embryonic stem (ES) cells as an in vitro model to study the involvement of PI3K-dependent signalling during early development and haemopoiesis. Both pharmacological inhibition and genetic manipulation of PI3K-dependent signalling demonstrate that PI3K-mediated signals, most likely via 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), are required for proliferation of cells within developing embryoid bodies (EBs). Surprisingly, the haemopoietic potential of EB-derived cells was not blocked upon PI3K inhibition but rather enhanced, correlating with modest increases in expression of haemopoietic marker genes. By contrast, PDK1-deficient EB-derived progeny failed to generate terminally differentiated haemopoietic lineages. This deficiency appeared to be due to a requirement for PI3K signalling during the proliferative phase of blast-colony-forming cell (BL-CFC) expansion, rather than as a result of effects on differentiation per se. We also demonstrate that PI3K-dependent signalling is required for optimal generation of erythroid and myeloid progenitors and their differentiation into mature haemopoietic colony types. These data demonstrate that PI3K-dependent signals play important roles at different stages of haemopoietic development.
Sequential Combination of Paclitaxel-Carboplatin and Paclitaxel-Liposomal Doxorubicin as a First-Line Treatment in Patients with Ovarian Cancer (2005)

Cisplatin or carboplatin plus paclitaxel is considered the standard first-line treatment in ovarian cancer. Attempts to maximize tumor cytoreduction with first-line chemotherapy by incorporating new promising agents led to sequential drug administration with two or three doublets. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the activity and the tolerance of two sequential doublets (paclitaxel/carboplatin and liposomal doxorubicin/carboplatin) administered as first-line treatment in patients with FIGO III/IV ovarian cancer. Treatment consisted of four cycles of carboplatin (6 AUC) plus paclitaxel (175 mg/m2; PC regimen) followed by four cycles with carboplatin (6 AUC) plus liposomal doxorubicin (40 mg/m(2); LD/C regimen) every 3 weeks. Forty-one patients in FIGO III or IV were enrolled. In an intention-to-treat analysis, 20 (49%) complete (CR) and 12 (29%) partial (PR) responses were achieved (overall response rate, ORR: 78%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 64.1-91.9%); with the PC regimen (164 cycles); 7 (17%) patients have stable (SD) and 2 (5%) progressive (PD) disease. The LD/C regimen (124 cycles) was administered in 36 (88%) patients because of 2 early deaths and 3 patient withdrawals. Three additional patients, 2 with PR and 1 with SD after PC chemotherapy) achieved a CR. Upon completion of the LD/C chemotherapy there were 18 (44%) patients with CR and 9 (22%) with PR (ORR=66%; 95% CI: 64-92%). The median duration of response was 27 months and the median time to progression 20 months. The probability of 2-year survival was 67%. Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia was observed in 34 and 14.6% of the patients, respectively, during the PC regimen, while during the treatment with LD/C the percentages for grade 3 and 4 neutropenia were 44.4 and 19.4%, respectively. Febrile neutropenia occurred only in patients treated with the PC regimen (4.9%). The incorporation of liposomal doxorubicin in this sequential doublet schedule of first-line treatment of ovarian carcinoma created a feasible and active regimen. Prospective randomized studies are required to assess its efficacy on patient survival.
The AUSSAT Second Generation System - an Update (1990)

The development of the AUSSAT Second Generation System, which commenced in early 1986 is now proceeding from design into the build phase. This paper provides an update on the procurement with details of the spacecraft, launch vehicle, ground segment and mission outlined.
Resolution of in flammation: state of the art, definitions and terms (2007)

A recent focus meeting on Controlling Acute Inflammation was held in London, April 27-28, 2006, organized by D.W. Gilroy and S.D. Brain for the British Pharmacology Society. We concluded at the meeting that a consensus report was needed that addresses the rapid progress in this emerging field and details how the specific study of resolution of acute inflammation provides leads for novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics, as well as defines the terms and key components of interest in the resolution process within tissues as appreciated today. The inflammatory response protects the body against infection and injury but can itself become dysregulated with deleterious consequences to the host. It is now evident that endogenous biochemical pathways activated during defense reactions can counter-regulate inflammation and promote resolution. Hence, resolution is an active rather than a passive process, as once believed, which now promises novel approaches for the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases based on endogenous agonists of resolution.
The human OX40 homolog: cDNA structure, expression and chromosomal assignment of the ACT35 antigen (1994)

Tissue distribution and expression on mitogen and virally stimulated lymphocytes render the ACT35 molecule a human lymphocyte activation antigen which as yet could not be clustered. Expression cloning of the ACT35 antigen from a pCDM8 library of the HUT-102 cell line revealed strong homology of the cDNA and its encoded protein sequence with the formerly described rat OX40 antigen. The 1.4-kb nucleotide sequence and the deduced 277-amino acid sequence of the single transmembrane protein were 65% and 63% identical, in human and in rat, respectively. Conservation included one N-linked glycosylation site and one protein kinase C phosphorylation site. When expressed in COS-1 cells, the cDNA presented properties comparable to the native ACT35 antigen and the rat OX40 molecule (relative molecular mass 48,000). Thus, the ACT35 protein corresponds to the hitherto unknown human OX40 antigen and is, therefore, another member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR/NGFR) family. After applying fluorescence in situ hybridization, the human ACT35/OX40 gene could be mapped to chromosome band 1p36 and is, thus, linked to the genes for TNFR II and CD30.
Therapeutic vaccination against adjuvant arthritis using autoimmune T cells treated with hydrostatic pressure. (1987)

An ideal treatment for autoimmune diseases would be a nontoxic means of specifically neutralizing the autoreactive lymphocytes responsible for the disease. This goal has been realized in experimental autoimmunity models by immunizing rats or mice against their own autoimmune cells such that the animals generate an immune response specifically repressive to the disease-producing lymphocytes. This maneuver, termed lymphocyte vaccination, was demonstrated to be effective using some, but not all, autoimmune helper T-lymphocyte lines. We now report that T lymphocytes, otherwise incapable of triggering an immune response, can be transformed into effective immunogens by treating the cells in vitro with hydrostatic pressure. Clone A2b, as effector clone that recognized cartilage proteoglycan and caused adjuvant arthritis in Lewis rats, is such a cell. Untreated A2b could not trigger an immune response, but inoculating rats with pressure-treated A2b induced early remission of established adjuvant arthritis as well as resistance to subsequent disease. Specific resistance to arthritis was associated with anti-idiotypic T-cell reactivity to clone A2b and could be transferred from vaccinated rats to naive recipients using donor lymphoid cells. Aggregation of T-lymphocyte membrane components appeared to be important for an immune response because the effects of hydrostatic pressure could be reproduced by treatment of A2b with chemical cross-linkers or with agents disrupting the cytoskeleton. Populations of lymph node cells from antigen-primed rats, when treated with hydrostatic pressure, could also induce suppression of disease. Thus, effective vaccines can be developed without having to isolate the autoimmune T lymphocytes as lines or clones. These results demonstrate that effector T lymphocytes suitably treated may serve as agents for specifically controlling the immune system.
Does ADMA Cause Endothelial Dysfunction? (2000)

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous and competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Plasma levels of this inhibitor are elevated in patients with atherosclerosis and in those with risk factors for atherosclerosis. In these patients, plasma ADMA levels are correlated with the severity of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. By inhibiting the production of nitric oxide, ADMA may impair blood flow, accelerate atherogenesis, and interfere with angiogenesis. ADMA may be a novel risk factor for vascular disease.
Gas phase thermolysis of pyrazolines. 5. Electronic structure and gas phase thermolysis of tetrazole derivatives studied by photoelectron spectroscopy (1997)

Abstract The photoelectron spectra of substituted tetrazoles 1–3 , 1,4‐dihydro‐5 H ‐tetrazol‐5‐ones 4–9 , and 1,4‐dihydro‐5 H ‐tetrazole‐5‐thiones 10–15 have been recorded. Based on PM3 and some ab initio calculations, the ionization potentials have been assigned to molecular orbitals. Gas‐phase thermolyses of 1–15 have been studied by real‐time gas analysis controlled by photoelectron spectroscopy. Compounds 1 and 2 lose formaldehyde and thioformaldehyde, respectively, leaving unsubstituted tetrazole (16), which decomposes mainly through extrusion of a nitrogen molecule and formation of cyanamide. Thiirane is split off from 3, and the remaining molecule decomposes into smaller products. Compounds 4–9 are cleaved by [3+2] cycloreversion to isocyanates and azides. Some of the unsymmetrically substituted compounds exhibit a marked selectivity in this reaction. For thiones 10–15 [3+2] cycloreversion is the main way of decomposition affording isothiocyanates and azides. In addition, the sulfur atom can split off and dimerize or abstract hydrogen atoms to form hydrogen sulfide. Some products like thiirene, formaldehyde, thioformaldehyde and acetaldehyde are generated solely from substituents. Photoelectron spectroscopy proved to be an excellent method for such thermolysis studies.
Expression profiling of blood samples from an SU5416 Phase III metastatic colorectal cancer clinical trial: a novel strategy for biomarker identification (2003)

These results establish a foundation for the further exploration of peripheral blood cells as a surrogate system for biomarker analyses in clinical oncology studies.
1,2-α-d-mannosidase from Penicillium citrinum: molecular and enzymic properties of two isoenzymes (1993)

Two isoforms of acidic 1,2-alpha-D-mannosidases have been isolated from culture filtrate of Penicillium citrinum. The pI values of the two forms, designated 1,2-alpha-mannosidase Ia and Ib, were 4.6 and 4.7 respectively. Isoenzymes Ia and Ib exhibited the same molecular mass which was determined to be 53 kDa by SDS/PAGE and 54 kDa by gel-permeation chromatography. Enzymes Ia and Ib hydrolysed yeast mannan and 1,2-alpha-linked mannooligosaccharides, but did not hydrolyse p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannoside. The optimal pH for the hydrolysis of Man(alpha 1-->2)Man was 5.0 for both isoenzymes. Similar kinetic parameters were determined for the two forms. Activation energy was a little lower for Ia than Ib. There was little difference between the enzymes with regard to their performance at acidic or alkaline pH. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the two enzymes were identical. Analysis of C-terminal peptides, which were prepared by tryptic digestion and anhydrotrypsin-agarose chromatography, showed that Ia and Ib had the same amino acid sequences in the C-terminal region. Tryptic digestion revealed a slight difference between the isoenzymes in the pattern of cleaved peptides on SDS/PAGE.
Genome diversity among regional populations ofFrancisella tularensissubspeciestularensisandFrancisella tularensissubspeciesholarcticaisolated from the US (2004)

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious facultative intracellular pathogen that is considered a potential agent of bioterrorism. Four different F. tularensis subspecies have been identified and they appear to display different ecological and virulence characteristics as well as differences in geographical distribution. One simple explanation for the variation in ecological and virulence characteristics is that they are conferred by differences in genome content. To characterize genome content among stains isolated from United States, we have used a DNA microarray designed from a shotgun library of a reference strain. Polymorphisms distributed among polyphyletic sets of strains was the most common pattern of genome alteration observed, indicating that strain-specific genome variability is significant. Nonetheless, 13 different contiguous segments of the genome were found to be missing exclusively in each of the subsp. holarctica strains tested. All 13 are associated with repeat sequences or transposases that could promote insertion/deletion events. Comparison of the live vaccine strain to other holarctica strains also identified three regions that are absent exclusively in the live vaccine strain derived from holarctica.
Towards Personal Service Robots for the Elderly (1999)

This paper describes the state-of-the art of a large-scale project, aimed towards the development of personal service robots for the elderly population. Taking care of elderly and chronically ill people is one of the major challenges currently faced by society. Needs range from increasing articulation to assisting those with dementia and cognitive impairment. To respond to this challenge, we have developed a first prototype robot. Using natural language, the robot can provide information related to activities of daily living obtained from the Web. It also enables remote care-givers to establish a &amp;quot;tele-presence&amp;quot; in people&amp;apos;s home, by relaying back video and audio stream through the Next Generation Internet. The paper describes this early prototype, and it lays out our research agenda towards building service robots for the elderly.
Automatic red-eye detection and correction (2003)

"Red-eye" is a phenomenon that causes the eyes of flash photography subjects to appear unnaturally reddish in color. Though commercial solutions exist for red-eye correction, all of them require some measure of user intervention. A method is presented to automatically detect and correct redeye in digital images. First, faces are detected with a cascade of multi-scale classifiers. The red-eye pixels are then located with several refining masks computed over the facial region. The masks are created by thresholding per-pixel metrics, designed to detect red-eye artifacts. Once the redeye pixels have been found, the redness is attenuated with a tapered color desaturation. A detector implemented with this system corrected 95% of the red-eye artifacts in 200 tested images.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Dromedary Camels in Saudi Arabia (2014)

The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is proposed to be a zoonotic disease; however, the reservoir and mechanism for transmission of the causative agent, the MERS coronavirus, are unknown. Dromedary camels have been implicated through reports that some victims have been exposed to camels, camels in areas where the disease has emerged have antibodies to the virus, and viral sequences have been recovered from camels in association with outbreaks of the disease among humans. Nonetheless, whether camels mediate transmission to humans is unresolved. Here we provide evidence from a geographic and temporal survey of camels in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that MERS coronaviruses have been circulating in camels since at least 1992, are distributed countrywide, and can be phylogenetically classified into clades that correlate with outbreaks of the disease among humans. We found no evidence of infection in domestic sheep or domestic goats. IMPORTANCE This study was undertaken to determine the historical and current prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus infection in dromedary camels and other livestock in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where the index case and the majority of cases of MERS have been reported.
Comprehensive Study of the Hydration and Dehydration Reactions of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Solution (2009)

The reversible interactions of dissolved CO(2) with H(2)O and OH(-) to form H(2)CO(3) and HCO(3)(-) in aqueous solution have been investigated using spectrophotometric stopped-flow measurements. The progress of the reactions was monitored via indicators coupled to the pH changes during the reactions. The study, involving global analysis of the complete data set, spanned the temperature range 6.6-42.8 degrees C and resulted in the evaluation of all rate and equilibrium constants as well as activation parameters for the kinetic data and the reaction enthalpies and entropies for the equilibrium constants.