gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simian Hemorrhagic Fever (1968)

SummaryAn epizootic of a previously unknown hemorrhagic fever occurred among Indian rhesus monkeys quarantined at NIH in November 1964. Transmission studies revealed that the disease was due to an infectious agent pathogenic only for monkeys. A virus, designated simian hemorrhagic fever, was isolated in the MA-104 cell line of embryonic rhesus-monkey kidney. Of 13 different cell cultures (primary and continuous) tried, the virus produced CPE only in MA-104 cells, grew without CPE in BS-C-1 cells, and could not be propagated in the other 11 cell cultures. The characteristic CPE began as foci of refractile spindle-shaped cells that remained connected to each other by protoplasmic projections forming a network. Biochemical and Biophysical studies revealed that the virus contains RNA and is less than 50 mµ in size, chloroform-sensitive, pH 3.0-labile and relatively heat-stable. Divalent cations, however, enhanced inactivation at 50°C. The virus reproduced the typical hemorrhagic disease in rhesus monkeys. CF antibodies were demonstrated. No relation could be found between SHF virus and some other known RNA viruses.
Retinal and choroidal neovascularization (2000)

The unique vascular supply of the retina, the ability to visualize the vasculature in vivo, and the ability to selectively express genes in the retina make the retina an ideal model system to study molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis. In addition, this area of investigation has great clinical significance, because retinal and choroidal neovascularization are the most common causes of severe visual loss in developed countries and new treatments are needed. As a result, interest in ocular neovascularization is rapidly growing and there has been considerable recent progress. Use of genetically engineered mice in recently developed murine models provides a means to investigate the role of individual gene products in neovascularization in two distinct vascular beds, the retinal vasculature and the choroidal vasculature. It appears that angiogenesis in different vascular beds has common themes, but also has tissue-specific aspects. This review summarizes recent progress in the field of ocular neovascularization and the prospects that it provides for the development of new treatments.
Giant Mitochondria and Intramitochondrial Inclusions in Benign Thyroid Lesions (1991)

Enlarged mitochondria and intramitochondrial dense structures have been reported to occur in a great variety of animal and human cells under normal, pathologic, and experimental conditions. Three cases of benign thyroid lesions are described in which large cytoplasmic inclusions were seen on light microscopy. These inclusions were stained with toluidine blue but not with Sudan black B, as was seen in consecutive sections. Ultrastructural observation showed that they corresponded to giant mitochondria. Bundles of dense filaments and round, electron-dense bodies were observed in the matrix of the enlarged mitochondria. Incubation of ultrathin sections with proteolytic enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, and type XVI-protease) led to a striking decrease in the electron density of both types of intramitochondrial matrical structures. These observations demonstrate that a major proteic component exists in intramitochondrial filamentous bundles and in dense bodies.
Two Phase 3 Trials of Bapineuzumab in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease (2014)

Bapineuzumab did not improve clinical outcomes in patients with Alzheimer's disease, despite treatment differences in biomarkers observed in APOE ε4 carriers. (Funded by Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy and Pfizer; Bapineuzumab 301 and 302 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00575055 and NCT00574132, and EudraCT number, 2009-012748-17.).
Effect of intrapulmonary tetrahydrocannabinol administration in humans (2008)

This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was designed to identify which pharmacodynamic parameters most accurately quantify the effects of delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the predominantly psychoactive component of cannabis. In addition, we investigated the acceptability and usefulness of a novel mode of intrapulmonary THC administration using a Volcano vaporizer and pure THC instead of cannabis. Rising doses of THC (2, 4, 6 and 8 mg) or vehicle were administered with 90 minutes intervals to twelve healthy males using a Volcano vaporizer. Very low between-subject variability was observed in THC plasma concentrations, characterising the Volcano vaporizer as a suitable method for the administration of THC. Heart rate showed a sharp increase and rapid decline after each THC administration (8 mg: 19.4 bpm: 95% CI 13.2, 25.5). By contrast, dose dependent effects of body sway (8 mg: 108.5%: 95% CI 72.2%, 152.4%) and different subjective parameters did not return to baseline between doses (Visual Analogue Scales of 'alertness' (8 mg: -33.6 mm: 95% CI -41.6, -25.7), 'feeling high' (8 mg: 1.09 U: 95% CI 0.85, 1.33), 'external perception' (8 mg: 0.62 U: 95% CI 0.37, 0.86)). PK/PD-modeling of heart rate displayed a relatively short equilibration half-life of 7.68 min. CNS parameters showed equilibration half-lives ranging between 39.4 - 84.2 min. Some EEG-frequency bands, and pupil size showed small changes following the highest dose of THC. No changes were seen in saccadic eye movements, smooth pursuit and adaptive tracking performance. These results may be applicable in the development of novel cannabinoid agonists and antagonists, and in studies of the pharmacology and physiology of cannabinoid systems in humans.
Relationship between time-integrated C-reactive protein levels and radiologic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2000)

The results of this study provide further confirmation that high CRP levels over time are associated with greater radiologic progression. Although radiologic progression still occurred in both previously normal and damaged joints despite the presence of normal CRP levels, this consisted of proportionately less new joint involvement compared with damaged joint progression. These findings support the idea that disease-suppressive therapy should be instituted at an early stage in patients with RA, before erosive damage has occurred.
Privileged Structures: A Useful Concept for the Rational Design of New Lead Drug Candidates (2007)

Privileged structures are defined as molecular frameworks which are able of providing useful ligands for more than one type of receptor or enzyme target by judicious structural modifications. In the present work, we describe some examples and applications of the usefulness of the privileged structure concept for the structural design of new drug candidates, by discussing the eligibility of such motifs, including the identification of the N-acylhydrazone template as privileged structures.
Selective functionalization of doubly coordinated flexible chains (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective functionalization of doubly coordinated flexible chainsRonald Breslow, Raghavan Rajagopalan, and Joshua SchwarzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 10, 2905–2907Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00400a088https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00400a088research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views376Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Application Of Slant Hole Drilling In Development Of Shallow Heavy Oil Deposits (1984)

Abstract This paper discusses the slant hole drilling program carried out by Suncor Inc., as a part of-the expansion of their Fort Kent Thermal Project. The text of the paper contains three major topics. The first is a general outline of the drilling project. The layout of the wellsite c1listers Is described and the reasons for employing slant hole drilling, as opposed to conventional directional drilling, are explained. The second topic Is-the slant drilling rig that was developed by North Eastern Drilling and Suncor Inc. To be capable af drilling the wells as planned, there were special requirements in' the rig to be used. These requirements and resulting rig design are discussed. The third major area of discussion deals with the development of the drilling procedures used and summarizes the performance on the project. As the project progressed a number of improvements were made in both the equipment and drilling operations. Introduction In partnership with Canadian Worldwide Energy Co., Suncor Inc. has operated a heavy oil pilot project at Fort Kent, Alberta since 1976. The project is a "huff and puff' scheme with thirty four vertical producing wells on a two hectare spacing. An expansion of the project commenced in 1982 which required one hundred new wells and is expected to boost oil production from 180m3/d to 650 m3/d. Two drilling methods, were examined in the planning stage of the expansion:The first method was to drill the wells vertically. This would have been the least expensive drilling method and would have required conventional heavy oil production equipment. However, with a well every two hectares and above ground flowlines, a considerable quantity of farmland would have been left useless. Approvals for the project would have been almost impossible to obtain. Based on the above reasoning, the vertical well alternative was discarded.The second method was to drill the wells directionally from pads. This would minimize the amount of farmland used. Also, despite higher drilling costs, there would be an over-all saving on the project cost due to centralized production facilities and reduced pipelining requirements. Slant Hole Concept The depth of the oil sand at Fort Kent is approximately 350 m. Using conventional pad drilling techniques, that is spudding vertically and kicking off at 30 m, the maximum expected displacement would be approximately 200 m at target depth. Assuming a 150 m by 150 m pad, 24 ha would be drilled up from a pad. Therefore, three pads would be required on each quarter section and considerable surface area would still be used. By spudding the wells on a slant, a much larger area would be drilled up from a single pad, thereby reducing the surface area usage and the over-all project costs. Studies indicated that one pad per quarter section was practical from an economic, drilling, and production standpoint. Figure 1 shows a typical four-hectare drilling pad located in the middle of a quarter section. Based on a two-hectare spacing, thirty-two wells would be drilled from each pad.
Higher Prevalence of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Patients With Blepharospasm Than in Patients With Hemifacial Spasm (1998)

The findings provide additional support for the hypothesis that obsessive-compulsive symptoms are related to basal ganglia dysfunction.
Composites of metal–organic frameworks and carbon-based materials: preparations, functionalities and applications (2016)

This review summarizes the recent progress in preparations, functionalities and applications of composites of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and carbon-based materials.
The Alleged Presence and Role of Monoiodohistidine in Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation* (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Alleged Presence and Role of Monoiodohistidine in Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation*Caroline T. Holloway, R. P. M. Bond, I. G. Knight, and R. B. BeecheyCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 1, 19–25Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00853a005https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00853a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
string of pearls encodes Drosophila ribosomal protein S2, has Minute-like characteristics, and is required during oogenesis. (1994)

The first allele of string of pearls (sop) was isolated as a recessive female sterile mutant in a P element enhancer trap screen. Oogenesis in homozygous sop females arrests at approximately stage 5. In addition, homozygous flies of both sexes have Minute-like characteristics that include reduced bristles, delayed development and larval lethality. sop maps to 30D/E on chromosome 2L and encodes the Drosophila homolog of eukaryotic ribosomal protein S2. The gene is present in a single copy in the Drosophila genome and the level of mRNA present in mutant animals is reduced. The identification of a mutant allele that blocks development at a mid-stage of oogenesis may indicate that sop has a specific developmental role during oogenesis in addition to its general role in protein synthesis as a component of the small ribosomal subunit.
Increased Adiponectin Secretion by Highly Purified Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Rodent Models of Obesity and Human Obese Subjects (2007)

This study demonstrates that EPA increases adiponectin secretion in rodent models of obesity and human obese subjects, possibly through the improvement of the inflammatory changes in obese adipose tissue. Because EPA has reduced the risk of major coronary events in a large-scale, prospective, randomized clinical trial, this study provides important insight into its therapeutic implication in obesity-related metabolic sequelae.
Increased Association of Glycoprotein 120-CD4 with HIV Type 1 Coreceptors in the Presence of Complex-Enhanced Anti-CD4 Monoclonal Antibodies (1999)

CD4-specific monoclonal antibodies (CG1, CG7, and CG8), which bind with a 5- to 10-fold higher avidity to preformed CD4-gp120 complexes than to CD4, were previously shown to recognize newly identified conformational epitopes in the D1-CDR3 region of CD4. In the current study, these and other complex-enhanced MAbs were tested in three separate assays of HIV-1 coreceptor (CXCR4/CCR5) recruitment. In these assays, the CD4-specific MAbs CG1, -7, and -8 stabilized the association of coreceptor, gp120, and CD4 in trimolecular complexes. In contrast, the gp120-specific, complex-enhanced MAbs 48d and 17b were inhibitory. These data suggest that conformational changes in the CDR3 region of CD4-D1, induced by gp120 binding, may be involved in coreceptor association and thus play a positive role in the HIV-1 cell fusion process.
Analysis of the protein products encoded by variant glucokinase transcripts via expression in bacteria (1991)

Five variant transcripts of the single rat glucokinase gene have been described that are naturally expressed in islets of Langerhans, liver and anterior pituitary. Four of these were prepared as cDNA and expressed in bacteria in order to begin to address their physiological roles. Expression of constructs pGKB1 (normal islet/pituitary glucokinase) and pGKL1 (normal liver glucokinase) resulted in a glucose-dependent, glucokinase-like activity, 7-fold and 45-fold, respectively, above background. Expression of pGKB3 (variant islet/pituitary glucokinase) and pGKL2 (variant liver glucokinase) in contrast, did not result in any glucokinase-like activity.
Activation of Distinct α5β1-mediated Signaling Pathways by Fibronectin's Cell Adhesion and Matrix Assembly Domains (1998)

The interaction of cells with fibronectin generates a series of complex signaling events that serve to regulate several aspects of cell behavior, including growth, differentiation, adhesion, and motility. The formation of a fibronectin matrix is a dynamic, cell-mediated process that involves both ligation of the alpha5beta1 integrin with the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence in fibronectin and binding of the amino terminus of fibronectin to cell surface receptors, termed "matrix assembly sites," which mediate the assembly of soluble fibronectin into insoluble fibrils. Our data demonstrate that the amino-terminal type I repeats of fibronectin bind to the alpha5beta1 integrin and support cell adhesion. Furthermore, the amino terminus of fibronectin modulates actin assembly, focal contact formation, tyrosine kinase activity, and cell migration. Amino-terminal fibronectin fragments and RGD peptides were able to cross-compete for binding to the alpha5beta1 integrin, suggesting that these two domains of fibronectin cannot bind to the alpha5beta1 integrin simultaneously. Cell adhesion to the amino-terminal domain of fibronectin was enhanced by cytochalasin D, suggesting that the ligand specificity of the alpha5beta1 integrin is regulated by the cytoskeleton. These data suggest a new paradigm for integrin-mediated signaling, where distinct regions within one ligand can modulate outside-in signaling through the same integrin.
Catecholamine Biosynthesis in Brains of Rats Treated with Morphine (1970)

In the brains of rats without tolerance to morphine, the accumulation of [(14)C]dopamine formed from [(14)C]tyrosine injected intracisternally is increased, reaching a maximum in the hypothalamus and striatum 1 hour after administration of morphine. In tolerant rats, the rate of incorporation of carbon-14 into dopamine and into norepinephrine in these areas is more than twice that in animals that have received only one injection of morphine.
Tsc13p Is Required for Fatty Acid Elongation and Localizes to a Novel Structure at the Nuclear-Vacuolar Interface in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2001)

The TSC13/YDL015c gene was identified in a screen for suppressors of the calcium sensitivity of csg2Delta mutants that are defective in sphingolipid synthesis. The fatty acid moiety of sphingolipids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) that is synthesized by a microsomal enzyme system that lengthens the palmitate produced by cytosolic fatty acid synthase by two carbon units in each cycle of elongation. The TSC13 gene encodes a protein required for elongation, possibly the enoyl reductase that catalyzes the last step in each cycle of elongation. The tsc13 mutant accumulates high levels of long-chain bases as well as ceramides that harbor fatty acids with chain lengths shorter than 26 carbons. These phenotypes are exacerbated by the deletion of either the ELO2 or ELO3 gene, both of which have previously been shown to be required for VLCFA synthesis. Compromising the synthesis of malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) by inactivating acetyl-CoA carboxylase in a tsc13 mutant is lethal, further supporting a role of Tsc13p in VLCFA synthesis. Tsc13p coimmunoprecipitates with Elo2p and Elo3p, suggesting that the elongating proteins are organized in a complex. Tsc13p localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is highly enriched in a novel structure marking nuclear-vacuolar junctions.
Analysis of FcgammaRII gene polymorphisms in Wegener's granulomatosis. (1997)

Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaRs) are potent initiators of proinflammatory reactions and tissue injury programs through the oxidative burst, degranulation and the production of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines. Direct experimental evidence indicates that translocation of ANCA target from intracellular granules to the neutrophil membrane and subsequent binding of ANCA enables FcgammaR-mediated neutrophil activation. In the presence of ANCA, these data provide a framework from which to understand the importance of ANCA class, subclass, and titer in Wegener's granulomatosis and other ANCA-positive vasculitides. The well-characterized and functionally important alleles of neutrophil FcgammaR (FcgammaRIIa-H131/R131 and FcgammaRIIIb-NA1/NA2) are possible inheritable genetic elements that may alter disease severity and/or phenotype.
Atenolol for Migraine Prophylaxis (1983)

SYNOPSIS The preventive effect of atenolol on migraine attacks was compared to placebo in a double‐blind cross‐over study. 24 patients with classic and/or common migraine entered the 36‐week study; four subsequently dropped out. The effect of atenolol was significantly better than that of placebo. The number of headache attacks was reduced in 15 of 20 patients (r&lt;0.05) and the values for integrated headache diminished in 19 of 20 patients (r&lt;0.001). Intake of ergotamine products was significantly lower in all patients using such drugs, while the consumption of common analgesics did not differ between the trial periods. No serious side effects were noted.
Novel Enzymic Hydrolytic Dehalogenation of a Chlorinated Aromatic (1991)

Microbial enzyme systems may be used in the biodegradation of persistent environmental pollutants. The three polypeptide components of one such system, the 4-chlorobenzoate dehalogenase system, have been isolated, and the chemical steps of the 4-hydroxybenzoate-forming reaction that they catalyze have been identified. The genes contained within a 4.5-kilobase Pseudomonas sp. strain CBS3 chromosomal DNA fragment that encode dehalogenase activity were selectively expressed in transformed Escherichia coli. Oligonucleotide sequencing revealed a stretch of homology between the 57-kilodalton (kD) polypeptide and several magnesium adenosine triphosphate (MgATP)-cleaving enzymes that allowed MgATP and coenzyme A (CoA) to be identified as the dehalogenase cosubstrate and cofactor, respectively. The dehalogenase activity arises from two components, a 4-chlorobenzoate:CoA ligase-dehalogenase (an alpha beta dimer of the 57- and 30-kD polypeptides) and a thioesterase (the 16-kD polypeptide).