gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The current use of neuromodulation for bladder dysfunction. (2006)

Neuromodulation utilizes electrical stimulation to alter the function of an organ. Recent advances in technology and improved knowledge of micturition physiology have coincided with the growth of neuromodulation for the treatment of urinary urgency/frequency, urge incontinence and non-obstructive urinary retention. Currently, the most common modality for bladder neuromodulation involves stimulation through the S3 foramen, or sacral neuromodulation. This review will highlight the current indications, patients selection, implantation options/techniques, outcomes and complications of sacral neuromodulation. In addition, other methods of neuromodulation will be discussed.
Autotransplantation of Human Carotid Body Cell Aggregates for Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease (2003)

This pilot study indicates that CB autograft transplantation is a relatively simple, safe, and viable therapeutical approach for the treatment of patients with advanced PD. More studies are needed to optimize the procedure and to assess its general applicability for the treatment of patients with PD.
Incretin Levels and Effect Are Markedly Enhanced 1 Month After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2007)

These data suggest that early after RY-GBP, greater GLP-1 and GIP release could be a potential mediator of improved insulin secretion.
Association Between Tamsulosin and Serious Ophthalmic Adverse Events in Older Men Following Cataract Surgery (2009)

Exposure to tamsulosin within 14 days of cataract surgery was significantly associated with serious postoperative ophthalmic adverse events. There were no significant associations with exposure to other alpha-blocker medications used to treat BPH.
Beta/Gamma EEG Activity in Patients with Primary and Secondary Insomnia and Good Sleeper Controls (2001)

Our results confirm that Beta activity is increased in Primary Insomnia. In addition, our data suggest that high frequency activity in patients with Primary Insomnia is limited to the Beta/Gamma range (14-45 Hz), and is negatively associated with the perception of sleep.
AMPLIFICATION OF PULSATILE LH SECRETION BY EXOGENOUS MELATONIN IN WOMEN (1991)

The effect of melatonin on pulsatile LH secretion was investigated in early follicular phase women (days 2-5). During two consecutive days, at 0800 hrs., subjects received placebo or oral melatonin in a random double-blind fashion. Two doses of melatonin were used; 100 mg single dose (N = 6) or 2.5 mg in three divided doses (N = 5), (1 mg at 0800 hrs., 0.75 mg at 1000 and 1200 hrs.). Blood samples were collected every 10 minutes, between 0900-1700 hrs. Compared with placebo, melatonin administration augmented LH pulse amplitude (p less than 0.01) without changing LH pulse frequency. The integrated LH secretion was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) after melatonin, independent of doses administered. Serum FSH and ovarian steroids were not altered. It is concluded that exogenous melatonin enhances LH pulse amplitude in women, without modifying FSH and ovarian steroid levels.
1/f Conductance Fluctuations in Aqueous Ionic Solution (1982)

Conductance fluctuations were observed in CuSO 4 aqueous ionic solutions over ion concentrations from 5×10 -4 to 10 -2 mol/l. It is found that the spectral density is approximately 1/ f for ion drift velocities smaller than a critical value which is of order of 10 -3 m/s; above this value it approaches a Lorentzian form. The α-value of the 1/ f fluctuation is approximately proportional to the ion concentration when it is larger than 10 -3 mol/l; below this critical value the α-value seems to take a constant value 2.5×10 -2 . The existence of the critical ion concentration suggests that, if the 1/ f conductance fluctuations are caused by mobility fluctuations, the 1/ f conductance fluctuation has a coherence length, which is estimated to be 10 nm.
Long-term Safety and Efficacy Following Systemic Administration of a Self-complementary AAV Vector Encoding Human FIX Pseudotyped With Serotype 5 and 8 Capsid Proteins (2011)

Adeno-associated virus vectors (AAV) show promise for liver-targeted gene therapy. In this study, we examined the long-term consequences of a single intravenous administration of a self-complementary AAV vector (scAAV2/ 8-LP1-hFIXco) encoding a codon optimized human factor IX (hFIX) gene in 24 nonhuman primates (NHPs). A dose-response relationship between vector titer and transgene expression was observed. Peak hFIX expression following the highest dose of vector (2 × 10(12) pcr-vector genomes (vg)/kg) was 21 ± 3 µg/ml (~420% of normal). Fluorescent in-situ hybridization demonstrated scAAV provirus in almost 100% of hepatocytes at that dose. No perturbations of clinical or laboratory parameters were noted and vector genomes were cleared from bodily fluids by 10 days. Macaques transduced with 2 × 10(11) pcr-vg/kg were followed for the longest period (~5 years), during which time expression of hFIX remained >10% of normal level, despite a gradual decline in transgene copy number and the proportion of transduced hepatocytes. All macaques developed serotype-specific antibodies but no capsid-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes were detected. The liver was preferentially transduced with 300-fold more proviral copies than extrahepatic tissues. Long-term biochemical, ultrasound imaging, and histologic follow-up of this large cohort of NHP revealed no toxicity. These data support further evaluation of this vector in hemophilia B patients.
Alveolar Ridge and Sinus Augmentation Utilizing Platelet‐Rich Plasma in Combination With Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft: Case Series (2000)

These clinical and histological findings suggest that ridge augmentation and sinus grafting with FDBA in combination with PRP provide a viable therapeutic alternative for implant placements. Future studies are necessary to determine whether PRP enhances new bone formation or maturation with bone replacement allografts.
The Larger Acenes: Versatile Organic Semiconductors (2007)

Acenes have long been the subject of intense study because of the unique electronic properties associated with their pi-bond topology. Recent reports of impressive semiconductor properties of larger homologues have reinvigorated research in this field, leading to new methods for their synthesis, functionalization, and purification, as well as for fabricating organic electronic components. Studies performed on high-purity acene single crystals revealed their intrinsic electronic properties and provide useful benchmarks for thin film device research. New approaches to add functionality were developed to improve the processability of these materials in solution. These new functionalization strategies have recently allowed the synthesis of acenes larger than pentacene, which have hitherto been largely unavailable and poorly studied, as well as investigation of their associated structure/property relationships.
Fragments of Human Growth Hormone Produced by Digestion with Thrombin: Chemistry and Biological Properties* (1980)

Human GH (hGH) was digested with bovine thrombin conjugated to Sepharose, resulting in the cleavage of only one peptide bond between amino acid residues 134 and 135 in the large disulfide loop of the molecule. hGH was quite sensitive to the proteolytic action of thrombin, with digestion going essentially to completion. Thrombin-digested hGH (TDhGH) was equipotent with hGH in promoting growth in hypophysectomized rats, in stimulating the in vitro oxidation of glucose by isolated adipose tissue of hypophysectomized rats, in inducing N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity in mammary tissue explants from pregnant mice, and in competing with [l25I]hGH for binding to hGH antibodies. TD-hGH was reduced and alkylated to produce S-carbamidomethylated (RCAM-TDhGH), S-aminoethylated (RAE-TD-hGH), and S-carboxymethylated (RCM-TD-hGH) derivatives. These materials showed substantial alterations in their profiles of biological activity when compared to intact hGH. RCAM-TD-hGH and RAE-TD-hGH had 50% of the growth-promoting activity of hGH but only 20% of the insulin-like activity. In contrast, their lactogenic activity and immunoreactivity were equivalent to those of intact hGH. RCM-TD-hGH had greatly reduced growth-promoting and insulin- like activities but retained a high degree of lactogenic activity and immunoreactivity. When TD-hGH was reduced and S-carbamidorriethylated in 6 M urea or 6 M guanidine-HCl and then chromatographed in the presence of these same agents, the effective separation of peptides 1–134 and 135–191 was achieved in high yield. Guanidine- HCl proved to be the dissociating agent of choice, since exposure of peptide 1–134 to 6 M urea promoted aggregation of the peptide. Peptide 1–134, isolated by the above means, had a low order of growth-promoting and insulin-like activities and greatly reduced immunoreactivity, whereas peptide 135–191 was essentially inert. However, peptide 1–134 was found to retain approximately 25–50% of the diabetogenic activity (ability to reduce glucose tolerance) of intact hGH in the ob/ob mouse.
Morphogenesis of malformations in hamsters caused by retinoic acid: Relation to dose and stage at treatment (1972)

Abstract Female golden hamsters were each given a single administration of retinoic acid sodium saltat one of 20 stages in pregnancy. Retinoic acid is the carboxylic acid derived by oxidation of the hydroxyl group of retinol (vitamin A 1 alcohol). It is rapidly excreted and appears to act for a short time. Near‐term fetuses were found to have more than 70 types of malformation. The incidence of each external malformation produced by several oral dosage levels at each of 15 postimplantation treatment times was determined. The incidence of each internal malformation at the fetal LD 50 dose was determined. Forty types of malformation whose incidence was 10% or more at the fetal LD 50 dose at some time in pregnancy were studied. Embryonic development of various structures was correlated with the critical period for production of each malformation, based on a table of normal development constructed by examining untreated embryos at 48 ages. In many cases the period during which administration of retinoic acid produced a given malformation began well before there was any morphologically identifiable precursor of the structure destined to be affected.
Electronic imaging workstations: ergonomic issues and the user interface. (1992)

The electronic imaging workstation serves as the interface between an electronic system and a user. Although the performance aspects of electronic displays are crucial considerations in workstation design, experience suggests that human factors in mechanical operation, software accessibility, and workstation environment are also important. Generally, workstations should have monitors arranged horizontally, and the work environment should be designed to minimize glare from lighting fixtures and to accommodate requirements for low luminance. Devices that control the workstation (eg, key pads, track balls) should be designed so that the user can operate primary and auxiliary controls with efficiency of hand and eye movements. Although many innovations in software (eg, graphical user interfaces) have allowed current workstations to be operated by users who have no knowledge of computer operations, further improvements in interactive software are necessary if such systems are to be accepted by radiologists.
Relationship of Timed Sit-Up Tests to Isokinetic Abdominal Strength (1992)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: strength testingsit-upsisokinetic testing
Polycythemia vera: current pharmacotherapy and future directions (2013)

Future goals include attaining a better understanding of the specific roles of JAK inhibitor therapy and whether their use in combination with standard therapies offers greater efficacy than single agents alone.
Detection of MGMT, RASSF1A, p15INK4B, and p14ARF promoter methylation in circulating tumor-derived DNA of central nervous system cancer patients (2013)

Despite the growing understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, cancers of the central nervous system are usually associated with unfavorable prognosis. The use of an appropriate molecular marker may improve the treatment outcome by allowing early diagnosis and treatment susceptibility monitoring. Since methylation of tumor-derived DNA can be detected in the serum of cancer patients, this makes DNA methylation-based biomarkers one of the most promising diagnostic strategies. In this study, the methylation profiles of MGMT, RASSF1A, p15INK4B, and p14ARF genes were evaluated in serum free-circulating DNA and the corresponding tumor tissue in a group of 33 primary or metastatic central nervous system cancer patients. Gene promoter methylation was assessed using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All the tested genes were found to be methylated to a different extent in both serum and tumor samples. In comparison to metastatic brain tumor patients, the patients with glial tumors were characterized by a higher frequency of gene hypermethylation. The hypermethylation of RASSF1A differentiated primary from metastatic brain cancers. Moreover, the gene methylation profiles observed in serum, in most cases, matched the methylation profiles detected in paired tumor samples.
The Cytomegaloviruses: Ubiquitous Agents with Protean Clinical Manifestations (1971)

Epidemiologic AspectsDistribution of CMVSurveys of unselected newborn infants in four cities in the United States and England indicate that some 1 per cent enter the world with an active infection as indicated by presence of viruria.36,128 129 130 Risk of acquired infection begins during birth. Thereafter, as imperfectly assayed by serologic technics, the cumulative risk during life is reflected in peak CF reactivity rates of the order of 80 per cent in adults in such disparate regions as Stockholm and Easter Island.131,132 The general picture that emerges is one of worldwide endemicity, but with marked variation in levels in differing . . .
Rapid recruitment of inflammatory monocytes is independent of neutrophil migration (2003)

Early neutrophil entry into an inflammatory site is thought to mediate a chemokine switch, inducing subsequent monocyte recruitment through the regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) release. As the murine monocyte is poorly characterized and difficult to identify, there has been little examination of either its early recruitment in inflammatory models or of the factors that influence its early migration. The phenotyping of rapidly recruited inflammatory leukocytes with 7/4 and Gr-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) identifies 2 distinct populations, which we characterize as murine monocytes and neutrophils. Monocytes migrate in the first 2 hours of inflammation making use of alpha4beta1 but not of Mac-1 or lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) integrins. Early migration is dependent on MCP-1, but neither MCP-1 release nor monocyte recruitment is affected by the reduced neutrophil migration seen in LFA-1-/- mice. Endogenous peritoneal macrophages and mesothelial cells lining the peritoneum contain MCP-1, which is released following thioglycollate stimulation. The murine monocyte therefore responds rapidly to chemokines produced in situ by tissue cells at the site of inflammation with no requirement for prior influx of neutrophils.
Multiband handset antenna behaviour by combining pifa and a slot radiators (2007)

A technique for the handset antenna field combining a PIFA and a slot in presented. The antenna concept features a small footprint and multi-band operation which is required for the new generation of thin profile handset phones.
Comparison of the actions of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine on target enzymes from mouse tumor cells. (1982)

9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine (2-F-ara-A), a derivative of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) that is resistant to deamination, selectively inhibits DNA synthesis and has activity against mouse leukemia L1210 comparable to that of ara-A plus the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2'-deoxycoformycin. To determine if these two nucleosides have similar modes of action, comparisons were made of their effects and those of their triphosphates on enzymes known to be inhibited by ara-A or 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-triphosphate. 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 5'-triphosphate was more effective than 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-triphosphate in inhibiting the reduction of adenosine 5'-diphosphate and cytidine 5'-diphosphate by ribonucleotide reductase from HEp-2 cells or L1210 cells. DNA polymerase alpha from L1210 cells was equally sensitive to 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 5'-triphosphate and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-triphosphate, and DNA polymerase beta from L1210 cells was much less sensitive to both triphosphates. S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase from L1210 cells was inactivated by 2-F-ara-A and ara-A, but higher concentrations of the fluoro derivative were required. These results are consistent with 2-F-ara-A and ara-A inhibition of DNA synthesis by inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerase alpha.
Synergistic interactions in cellulose hydrolysis (2011)

Cellulases acting on crystalline cellulose in synergistic mixtures have higher combined activities than the sum of their individual activities. The mechanisms by which different types of cellulases enhance each other’s activities are complex and not completely understood, and the published data is often inconsistent. We discuss the role of the substrate and experimental factors in synergism experiments and consider the various modes of synergism that have been proposed. New oxidoreductase enzymes that participate in novel synergistic reactions are also discussed. Finally, we propose a general encompassing synergism model, based on the observations described in the review.
A New Approach to Proving the Correctness of Multiprocess Programs (1979)

A new, nonassertional approach to proving multiprocess program correctness is described by proving the correctness of a new algorithm to solve the mutual exclusion problem. The algorithm is an improved version of the bakery algorithm. It is specified and proved correct without being decomposed into indivisible, atomic operations. This allows two different implementations for a conventional, nondistributed system. Moreover, the approach provides a sufficiently general specification of the algorithm to allow nontrivial implementations for a distributed system as well.
Generating News Headlines with Recurrent Neural Networks (2015)

We describe an application of an encoder-decoder recurrent neural network with LSTM units and attention to generating headlines from the text of news articles. We find that the model is quite effective at concisely paraphrasing news articles. Furthermore, we study how the neural network decides which input words to pay attention to, and specifically we identify the function of the different neurons in a simplified attention mechanism. Interestingly, our simplified attention mechanism performs better that the more complex attention mechanism on a held out set of articles.
Transendothelial migration of leukocytes is promoted by plasma from a subgroup of immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients with small‐vessel ischemic brain disease (2007)

We previously described a subgroup of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients presenting with recurring transient ischemic attack-like symptoms and progressive cognitive impairment due to small vessel disease (SVD) seen in the brain. They presented minimal bleeding despite thrombocytopenia, and platelet activation was elevated compared to classic ITP. On the hypothesis that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is compromised in this subgroup, we investigated the effect of plasma from SVD-ITP patients on the transendothelial migration of leukocytes (TEML). Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) were grown to confluence on 6.5-microm pore filters and plasma from 10 healthy controls, 20 classic ITP, and 5 SVD-ITP were added and incubated 24 hr. Then 1 x 10(5) monocytes (U937) were added and the number migrated through the EC monolayer after 6 hr was measured by flow cytometry. The effect on TEML of danazol was also assessed. We found that plasma from SVD-ITP but not classic ITP induced 10-fold rise in EC activation marker CD62E and a sevenfold increase in TEML, to 38.5% +/- 12.5% of cells migrated, compared to normal controls (5.6% +/- 1.2%) or classic ITP (6.1% +/- 0.2%), P < 0.001. Preincubation of U937 with endothelial microparticles (EMP) increased TEML by 20.0% +/- 6.4% with SVD-ITP plasma, significantly more than with classic ITP or control plasmas, P = 0.003. Pretreatment of cultures with danazol (100 microg/mL) inhibited TEML by 25% in all wells tested, whether or not EMP were added. In summary, SVD-ITP plasma activates EC and augments TEML, suggesting plasma-mediated BBB dysfunction in this syndrome. Danazol modestly but significantly inhibited TEML.
The genetic basis of lipoprotein disorders Introduction and overview (1992)

In order to elucidate the genetic abnormalities underlying lipoprotein disorders associated with susceptibility to coronary heart disease, researchers have looked for candidate genes. The studies have focused particularly on the lipoprotein transport genes. Relatively common as well as rare mutations have already been identified in several of these genes. In addition, further metabolic and genetic studies indicate that some of these loci harbour significant, but as yet undefined, genetic variation. In the next few years, it is not unreasonable to expect that all or most of the significant mutations at these loci will be catalogued. It is too early to know whether this will be sufficient to explain the genetic basis of altered lipoprotein levels, or whether new loci will need to be investigated. Additional candidate gene loci might be those coding for genes involved in intracellular cholesterol metabolism, cholesterol absorption or insulin resistance. New loci may also be revealed by the technique of reverse genetics. A more complete understanding of the genetics of susceptibility to atheroscerosis will probably also entail the identification of variants at genetic loci that control both the reaction of the blood vessel wall to atherogenic lipoproteins and the thrombosis system. Investigation of the genetic basis of susceptibility to coronary heart disease remains a worthwhile and lively field, with important implications for clinical and public health.
Adaptive Phase and Amplitude Modulation on a Frequency Dispersive Fading Channel (1974)

Differentially coherent phase shift keying (DPSK) is commonly used to provide data communication on frequency dispersive channels. To obtain higher data rates one can increase the number of phases or employ combined amplitude-phase modulation. In this paper we compare the performance of multilevel DPSK with the performance of Type I amplitude-phase modulation on a frequency dispersive channel with additive noise. For the Type I system differential modulation is used to amplitude encode a single bit, and ordinary DPSK is used to encode up to four phase bits. Curves of bit error probability versus the effective signal-signal-to-noise ratio of the channel are presented for both the amplitude and phase encoded bits. From these curves the appropriate amount of amplitude modulation to be employed in a high rate Type I system can be obtained. Performance comparisons between multilevel DPSK and Type I modulation are then presented under conditions of both equal average and peak transmitter power.