gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A survey of digital phase-locked loops (1981)

The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic survey of the theoretical/experimental work accomplished in the area of digital phase-locked loops (DPLL's) during the period of 1960 to 1980. The DPLL represents the heart of the Building blocks required in the implementation of coherent (all digital) communications and tracking receivers. This survey is particularly motivated by the fact that microprocessor technology is advancing rapidly to the extent that sophisticated and flexible signal processing algorithms for communications and control can be realized in the digital domain. In fact, it is anticipated that the use of this signal processing technology will continue to expand rapidly in the development of advanced communications and tracking receivers, e.g., all digital modems. Consequently, one major purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with a survey and an overview of the theoretical and experimental work accomplished to date, thereby offering speedy access to the techniques and hardware developments which have been presented in a scattered literature. In addition, the authors feel that a tutorial article revealing the various theories, their relationships to one another, their shortcomings, their advantages and the assumptions on which each is based, would be of tremendous value to the engineer trying to decide what particular analysis procedure is applicable to his peculiar problem. Consequently, a byproduct of this presentation will be to point out unsolved problems of practical interest. A broad class of digital modulation techniques, viz. I-Q modulations and demodulation, are studied in a rather general way.
Location of essential sequence elements at the Escherichia coli melAB promoter (1996)

The Escherichia coli melAB promoter has been cloned on a short DNA fragment and subjected to deletion mutagenesis, random mutagenesis and site-directed mutagenesis. In previous work we had shown that expression from the melAB promoter is triggered by melibiose and that this requires the MelR transcription activator. Melibiose-dependent expression is suppressed by deletions that remove both DNA-binding sites for MelR and by point mutations in the -10 hexamer, the -35 hexamer and the region just upstream of the -35 hexamer. The point mutations identify promoter elements that are essential for triggering the melAB promoter. The importance of these elements was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. The results show that the organization of the melAB promoter is fundamentally different from the organization of other bacterial promoters controlled by homologues of MelR.
A randomized, controlled trial of fingolimod (FTY720) in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis (2012)

This study demonstrated the clinical efficacy of fingolimod for the first time in Japanese patients with MS, consistent with the established effects of fingolimod in Caucasian patients.
Isolation and characterization of Campylobacter flagellins (1987)

Sequential acid pH dissociation, differential ultracentrifugation, and neutral pH reassociation were used to partially purify serotypically distinct flagella from three strains of Campylobacter jejuni and the two antigenic phases of flagella of Campylobacter coli VC167. Each C. jejuni flagellin and C. coli VC167 antigenic phase 1 flagellin were purified to homogeneity by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with a C8 Spheri-10 column. C. coli VC167 antigenic phase 2 was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography with a Mono-Q column. Amino acid compositional analysis put the C. jejuni flagellin molecular weight in the range 63,200 to 63,800 and the C. coli antigenic phase 1 and 2 flagellins at 61,500 and 59,500, respectively. The amino acid compositions of the C. jejuni were similar to each other and to the C. coli VC167 antigenic phase 1 and phase 2 flagellins. One-dimensional peptide mapping of the C. jejuni flagellins by partial digestion with trypsin or chymotrypsin confirmed the structural similarities of the C. jejuni flagellins and the C. coli VC167 antigenic phase 1 flagellin and showed that C. coli VC167 antigenic phase 2 flagellin was structurally distinct from the phase 1 flagellin. The antigenic phase 2 flagellin was especially sensitive to digestion by chymotrypsin. Amino-terminal sequence analysis showed that the 20 N-terminal amino acids of the Campylobacter flagellins were highly conserved. The Campylobacter flagellins also shared limited sequence homology with the N-terminal sequences reported for Salmonella and Bacillus flagellins.
New Approach for the Synthesis of c-di-GMP and Its Analogues (2006)

The synthesis of cyclic bis(3′-5′)diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) by using a new flexible approach is reported. The flexibility of the method is exemplified by the synthesis of base-modified analogues that will find applications in the elucidation of c-di-GMP biological modes of action.
Effects of different hyaluronidase concentrations and mechanical procedures for cumulus cell removal on the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (1997)

The aim of this study was to compare concentrations of hyaluronidase and mechanical methods used to denude human oocytes from surrounding cumulus and corona cells prior to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Cumulus and corona cells were removed in two pipetting steps: first in a medium containing hyaluronidase, and then in a medium without enzyme. The first step in the procedure was investigated. Different hyaluronidase concentrations (78, 39 or 10 IU/ml) and pipettes of different size (inner diameter 250 or > 1000 microm) were used to remove the cumulus cells. The time required to denude the oocytes was recorded. Metaphase II oocytes were injected, and the survival, fertilization, embryo development and pregnancy rates were evaluated. We found that by using a pipette with an inner diameter of at least 1000 microm we were able to decrease significantly the time an oocyte is exposed to hyaluronidase, even if the concentration of enzyme is very low (10 IU/ml). For the different conditions there was no statistically significant effect on the outcome in terms of survival, normal fertilization [two pronuclear (2PN)], parthenogenetic activation (1PN), abnormal fertilization (3PN), embryo development and pregnancy rates after ICSI. In conclusion, a concentration as low as 10 IU/ml hyaluronidase in combination with a pipette of at least 1000 microm inner diameter can be used successfully to denude oocytes for microinjection.
Spiritual dimensions of nursing practiceSpiritual Dimensions of Nursing Practice V B Carson W B Saunders 386pp £15.75 0-7216-2249-6 (1990)

Initially, I saw Spiritual Dimensions of Nursing Practice as an unusual but not particularly relevant book, but once spirituality was defined as a universal need and human quality regardless of religious orientation, it took on a new meaning.
Characterization of gene expression of CD34+ cells from normal and myelodysplastic bone marrow (2002)

Gene patterns of expression in purified CD34(+) bone marrow cells from 7 patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 4 patients with high-risk MDS were compared with expression data from CD34(+) bone marrow cells from 4 healthy control subjects. CD34(+) cells were isolated by magnetic cell separation, and high-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis was performed. For confirmation, the expression of selected genes was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Class membership prediction analysis selected 11 genes. Using the expression profile of these genes, we were able to discriminate patients with low-risk from patients with high-risk MDS and both patient groups from the control group by hierarchical clustering (Spearman confidence). The power of these 11 genes was verified by applying the algorithm to an unknown test set containing expression data from 8 additional patients with MDS (3 at low risk, 5 at high risk). Patients at low risk could be distinguished from those at high risk by clustering analysis. In low-risk MDS, we found that the retinoic-acid-induced gene (RAI3), the radiation-inducible, immediate-early response gene (IEX1), and the stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) were down-regulated. These data suggest that CD34(+) cells from patients with low-risk MDS lack defensive proteins, resulting in their susceptibility to cell damage. In summary, we propose that gene expression profiling may have clinical relevance for risk evaluation in MDS at the time of initial diagnosis. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that in MDS, hematopoietic stem cells accumulate defects that prevent normal hematopoiesis.
Self-Optimizing, Self-Learning System in Pictorial Pattern Recognition (1970)

A system of computer programs discriminates between pictorial patterns by determining a substantial number of numerically encoded pattern properties. Supervised learning is used to find both an optimum decision sequence and the thresholds for decision rules. These are applied to patterns from an object set to test the consistency of the classification procedure. Nonsupervised learning is used in the pattern detection section of the program. The system has been extensively tested in the discrimination of biomedical patterns from their digitized microscopic images, specifically in the machine recognition of tumor cells and of cells involved in immune response. Objective cytodiagnostic decision making was shown to be more consistent, and, in certain instances, capable of finer discrimination than assessment by qualified human observers.
Clinical Proteomics (2007)

Editors Overview PART 1: TECHNOLOGIES Pre-analytical issues in clinical proteomic studies Protein separation by 2DE Protein separation : liquid chromatography HPLC in protein discovery IEF analysis of peptides for biomarkers analysis Capillary electrophoresis separations for clinical proteomics Quantitative proteomics using nanoLC with high accuracy mass spectrometry Antibody microarrays for protein and glycan detection Biomarker Identification: The Role of Experimental Design, Statistics, and Data Sharing PART 2: CANCER Applications of stable isotope tagging based quantitive proteomics in cancer research 2-D liquid seperations, protein microarrays and mass spectrometry in comprehensive analysis of PTM and biomarker discovery Development and Use of Reversed-Phase Protein Microarrays for Clinical Applications CDK1 and cancer: usefulness of proteomic approaches in assesment of the molecular mechanisms and efficacy of novel therapeutics PART 3: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Diagnostic markers for monitoring heart transplant rejection The study of microheterogeneity in human plasma proteins: applications to acute myocardial infarction Discovery of biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases Development of biomarker Developfment Pipeline: Search for Myocardial Ischemia Biomarkers Albuminome as a tool for biomarker discovery PART 4: VASCULAR DISEASES Application of Metabolomics to Cardiovascular Biomarker and Pathway Discovery Urinary biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy and other glomerular diseases Pulmonary proteomics Proteomics providing insights into major psychiatric disorders PART 6: BIOMARKERS Redox Proteomics Analysis of Oxidative Modified Brain Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Insights into the Progression of This Dementing Disorder Toxicoproteomics: correlating tissue and serum proteins in liver injuries Biomarkers for renal disease and uraemic toxins HIV and other viral screens PART 6: AUTOANTIBODIES AND SIGNATURE BIOMARKERS Application of Fungal Cyclic Peptides and Metabolites Microarray approaches to autoantibody profiling Identification of tumor antigen-directed autoantibodies PART 7: FUTURE Antibody and Reverse Capture Protein Microarrays Use of Antibody Microarrays in the Analysis of Inflammation, Autoimmunity, Viral Infection, and Cancer Metastases The Future: Translation from Discovery to the Clinic - Roles of HUPO and industry in biomarker discovery
The embAB genes of Mycobacterium avium encode an arabinosyl transferase involved in cell wall arabinan biosynthesis that is the target for the antimycobacterial drug ethambutol. (1996)

The antimycobacterial compound ethambutol [Emb; dextro-2,2'-(ethylenediimino)-di-1-butanol] is used to treat tuberculosis as well as disseminated infections caused by Mycobacterium avium. The critical target for Emb lies in the pathway for the biosynthesis of cell wall arabinogalactan, but the molecular mechanisms for drug action and resistance are unknown. The cellular target for Emb was sought using drug resistance, via target overexpression by a plasmid vector, as a selection tool. This strategy led to the cloning of the M. avium emb region which rendered the otherwise susceptible Mycobacterium smegmatis host resistant to Emb. This region contains three complete open reading frames (ORFs), embR, embA, and embB. The translationally coupled embA and embB genes are necessary and sufficient for an Emb-resistant phenotype which depends on gene copy number, and their putative novel membrane proteins are homologous to each other. The predicted protein encoded by embR, which is related to known transcriptional activators from Streptomyces, is expendable for the phenotypic expression of Emb resistance, but an intact divergent promoter region between embR and embAB is required. An Emb-sensitive cell-free assay for arabinan biosynthesis shows that overexpression of embAB is associated with high-level Emb-resistant arabinosyl transferase activity, and that embR appears to modulate the in vitro level of this activity. These data suggest that embAB encode the drug target of Emb, the arabinosyl transferase responsible for the polymerization of arabinose into the arabinan of arabinogalactan, and that overproduction of this Emb-sensitive target leads to Emb resistance.
The SOFTNET project: a retrospect (2003)

An experimental multihop packet radio network, SOFTNET, is described. The concept of soft protocols for experimental packet-switched networks is introduced. Using this scheme, network nodes can be easily reprogrammed to provide new user services without interrupting normal operation. The SOFTNET network programming language is described. The hardware and software implementation of the network is outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Human papillomavirus type 18 E6 and E7 antibodies in human sera: increased anti-E7 prevalence in cervical cancer patients (1991)

Antibody-reactive regions on the human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) E6 and E7 proteins were identified with rabbit polyclonal anti-fusion protein sera by screening of an fd phage expression library containing subgenomic HPV-18 DNA fragments and by testing of overlapping decapeptides representing the E6 and E7 open reading frames. Peptides comprising the delineated regions (designated E6/1 to E6/4 and E7/1) were synthesized and used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect anti-HPV-18 antibodies in human sera. A total of 232 human serum samples (identical numbers of cervical cancer patients and age-matched controls) collected in Tanzania were tested. Similar prevalences (between 0.8 and 4.3%) of antibodies recognizing the different E6 peptides were found in the sera from tumor patients and controls. With a synthetic 28-mer peptide (designated pepE701) comprising the E7/1 region, a significant difference was found: 10 of 116 tumor serum samples but 0 of 116 control serum samples showed a specific reaction (P less than 0.001). This observation confirms earlier results with HPV-16 E7 fusion proteins (I. Jochmus-Kudielka, A. Schneider, R. Braun, R. Kimmig, U. Koldovsky, K. E. Schneweis, K. Seedorf, and L. Gissmann, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 81:1698-1704, 1989). A lower prevalence of anti-HPV-18 E7 antibodies was observed when 188 human serum samples collected in Germany from tumor patients and controls were tested (3 of 94 positive in the cancer group; 0 of 94 positive in the control group). The type specificity of anti-HPV-18 E7 antibodies was demonstrated when the HPV type found by Southern hybridization in the cervical cancer biopsies was compared with seroreactivity: 4 of 8 serum samples obtained from HPV-18 DNA-positive but 0 of 16 serum samples from HPV-18 DNA-negative tumor patients reacted in the HPV-18 E7 ELISA. In addition, HPV-18-positive sera failed to react in a peptide ELISA with the homologous HPV-16 E7 region (M. Müller, H. Gausepohl, G. de Martinoff, R. Frank, R. Brasseur, and L. Gissmann, J. Gen. Virol. 71:2709-2717, 1990) and vice versa.
Characterization and Immunotherapeutic Implications for a Novel Antibody Targeting Interleukin (IL)-13 Receptor α2 (2012)

The high affinity interleukin-13 receptor α2 (IL13Rα2) is selectively expressed at a high frequency by glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) as well as several other tumor types. One approach for targeting this tumor-specific receptor utilizes the cognate ligand, IL-13, conjugated to cytotoxic molecules. However, this approach lacks specificity because the lower affinity receptor for IL-13, IL13Rα1, is widely expressed by normal tissues. Here, we aimed to develop and characterize a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific to IL13Rα2 for the therapeutic purpose of targeting IL13Rα2-expressing tumors. Hybridoma cell lines were generated and compared for binding affinities to recombinant human IL13Rα2 (rhIL13Rα2). Clone 47 demonstrated binding to the native conformation of IL13Rα2 and was therefore chosen for further studies. Clone 47 bound specifically and with high affinity (K(D) = 1.39 × 10(-9) M) to rhIL13Rα2 but not to rhIL13Rα1 or murine IL13Rα2. Furthermore, clone 47 specifically recognized wild-type IL13Rα2 expressed on the surface of CHO and HEK cells as well as several glioma cell lines. Competitive binding assays revealed that clone 47 also significantly inhibited the interaction between human soluble IL-13 and IL13Rα2 receptor. Moreover, we found that N-linked glycosylation of IL13Rα2 contributes in part to the interaction of the antibody to IL13Rα2. In vivo, the IL13Rα2 mAb improved the survival of nude mice intracranially implanted with a human U251 glioma xenograft. Collectively, these data warrant further investigation of this novel IL13Rα2 mAb with an emphasis on translational implications for therapeutic use.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Based Profiling of Biofluids Reveals Metabolic Dysregulation in HIV-Infected Persons and Those on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (2013)

This study catalogs differentially regulated metabolites in biofluids, which helped classify subjects as healthy controls, HIV/AIDS patients, and those on ART. It also underscores the importance of further studying the consequences of HIV infection on host metabolism and its implications for pathogenesis.
Vaccination with a Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Expressing a Tumor Antigen Breaks Immune Tolerance and Elicits Therapeutic Antitumor Responses (2008)

Vaccination with a heat-killed recombinant yeast expressing the tumor-associated antigen CEA induces CEA-specific immune responses, reduces tumor burden, and extends overall survival in CEA-Tg mice. These studies thus form the rationale for the incorporation of recombinant yeast-CEA and other recombinant yeast constructs in cancer immunotherapy protocols.
Altered Egos: Antibiotic Effects on Food Animal Microbiomes (2014)

The human food chain begins with upwards of 1,000 species of bacteria that inhabit the intestinal tracts of poultry and livestock. These intestinal denizens are responsible for the health and safety of a major protein source for humans. The use of antibiotics to treat animal diseases was followed by the surprising discovery that antibiotics enhanced food animal growth, and both led to six decades of antibiotic use that has shaped food animal management practices. Perhaps the greatest impact of antibiotic feeding in food animals has been as a selective force in the evolution of their intestinal bacteria, particularly by increasing the prevalence and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes. Future antibiotic use will likely be limited to prudent applications in both human and veterinary medicine. Improved knowledge of antibiotic effects, particularly of growth-promoting antibiotics, will help overcome the challenges of managing animal health and food safety.
Sulla nomina di amministratori di srl (2005)

Il lavoro è rivolto ad individuare quali siano le modalità di nomina degli amministratori di s.r.l. demandate all’autonomia privata. Si affrontata in primo luogo la questione (alla quale è data risposta positiva) se la nomina degli amministratori, nel silenzio dell’atto costitutivo, sia demandata all’autonomia dei soci. Il saggio si sofferma poi sulla opinione secondo cui il regime legale di ogni nuova nomina dovrebbe costituire una modifica dell’atto costitutivo. Tale opinione è criticata per la ragione che la nomina dei primi amministratori non costituisce un elemento essenziale dell’atto costitutivo. Alcune considerazioni finali sono dedicate alla revoca degli amministratori.
On the Distance‐Independent Hole Transfer over Long (A⋅T)n‐Sequences in DNA (2003)

Abstract Electron holes can travel through DNA double strands over long distances in a multistep ‘hopping’ process. But the influence of the DNA sequence on this process is still not understood in all details. We have carried out new experiments to understand the recent observation that the efficiency of the hole transport between guanines (G), which are separated from each other by long adenine⋅thymine (A⋅T) sequences, is nearly independent of the length of the (A⋅T) n sequence for n ≥ 4. For this purpose, a new synthesis of the modified adenosine 16 and its incorporation into a DNA double strand was worked out. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the hole transport between GGG units and the H 2 O trapping of the guanine radical cation display similar rates. We conclude that the charge must be already partially equilibrated before being trapped by H 2 O. Thus, the weak distance effect is caused not only by the rate of the hole transport, but also by its equilibration over the (A ⋅ T) n sequence.
Spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity in a mouse mutant with a deletion including the Snap gene on chromosome 2 (1992)

The gene encoding the synaptosomal-associated protein--25 kDa (SNAP-25) was mapped by analysis of somatic cell hybrids and an intersubspecies backcross to mouse Chromosome 2. To identify potential mutants for SNAP-25, mice bearing mutations mapping to this region of Chromosome 2 were screened for Snap gene abnormalities. Mice heterozygous for the semidominant mutation coloboma (Cm/+) were identified that carried a deletion of Snap gene sequence. Analysis of genomic DNA revealed that the Snap gene dosage in Cm/+ mice was 50% lower than control littermates. Additionally, SNAP-25 mRNA and protein expression were 50% lower in coloboma mice than control littermates. The coloboma mouse phenotype is characterized by small eyes and head bobbing; in addition, we observed that these mice were extremely hyperactive with spontaneous locomotor activity exceeding three times control mouse activity. The localization of the genetic abnormality in coloboma mice using the Snap gene marker will provide a powerful tool for studying the biologic basis of locomotor hyperactivity.
The four blastomeres of a 4-cell stage human embryo are able to develop individually into blastocysts with inner cell mass and trophectoderm (2008)

Although based on a small number of embryos, we conclude that the blastomeres of a 4-cell stage human embryo are flexible and able to develop into blastocysts with ICM and TE.