gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of 2,3-dehydro-1,2-dihydro-1,1-dimethylnaphthalene, "isoaromatic" molecule (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of 2,3-dehydro-1,2-dihydro-1,1-dimethylnaphthalene, "isoaromatic" moleculeBernard Miller and Xiaolian ShiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 2, 578–579Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00236a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00236a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Angiogenesis in Glioblastoma (2013)

Recent work suggests that glioblastoma cells can differentiate into endothelial cells and pericytes, thus providing a means of tumor vascularization.
Maintaining Stream Statistics over Sliding Windows (2002)

We consider the problem of maintaining aggregates and statistics over data streams, with respect to the last N data elements seen so far. We refer to this model as the sliding window model. We consider the following basic problem: Given a stream of bits, maintain a count of the number of 1's in the last N elements seen from the stream. We show that, using $O(\frac{1}{\epsilon} \log^2 N)$ bits of memory, we can estimate the number of 1's to within a factor of $1 + \epsilon$. We also give a matching lower bound of $\Omega(\frac{1}{\epsilon}\log^2 N)$ memory bits for any deterministic or randomized algorithms. We extend our scheme to maintain the sum of the last N positive integers and provide matching upper and lower bounds for this more general problem as well. We also show how to efficiently compute the Lp norms ($p \in [1,2]$) of vectors in the sliding window model using our techniques. Using our algorithm, one can adapt many other techniques to work for the sliding window model with a multiplicative overhead of $O(\frac{1}{\epsilon}\log N)$ in memory and a $1 +\epsilon$ factor loss in accuracy. These include maintaining approximate histograms, hash tables, and statistics or aggregates such as sum and averages.
Thin-Film Transistors with Polycrystalline Silicon Prepared by a New Annealing Method (1993)

A new annealing method, nucleation by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and grain growth in furnace annealing, has been developed to obtain high-quality polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) and to reduce the long annealing time for solid-phase crystallization (SPC) of amorphorus silicon (a-Si) film without a decrease in grain size. Poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated using this method and the electrical properties of poly-Si film were evaluated. We obtained higher field effect mobility (25 cm 2 /(V·s)) and better uniformity (≤5% in 5-inch wafer) than those obtainable by the conventional furnace annealing.
Harmonious colors: from alchemy to science (2011)

There is a very long tradition in designing color palettes for various applications, going back to at least the Upanishad. Although color palettes have been influenced by the available colorants, starting with the advent of aniline dyes in the late 1850s there have been few physical limits on the choice of individual colors. This abundance of choices exacerbates the problem of limiting the number of colors in a palette, i.e., in keeping them into a manageable quantity. For example, it is not practical for a car company to offer each model in hundreds of colors. Instead, for each model year a small number of color palettes is offered, each containing the colors for the body, trim, interior, etc. Another example is the fashion industry, where in addition to solid colors there are also patterns, leading to a huge variety of combinations that would be impossible to stock. The traditional solution is that of "color forecasting." Color consultants assess the sentiment or affective state of a target customer class and compare it with new colorants offered by the industry. They assemble a limited color palette, name the colors according to the sentiment, and publish their result. Textile manufacturers will produce fabrics in these colors and fashion designers will design clothes, accessories, and furniture based on these fabrics. Eventually, the media will communicate these forecasts to the consumers, who will be admired by their cohorts when they choose colors from the forecast palette, which by then is widely diffused. The color forecasting business is very labor intensive and difficult, thus for years computer engineers have tried to come up with algorithms to design harmonious color palettes, alas with little commercial success. For example, Johannes Itten's color theory has been implemented many times, but despite Itten's success in the Bauhaus artifacts, the computer tools have been of little utility. Indeed, contrary to the auditory sense, there is no known physiological mechanism sustaining harmony and the term "harmonious" just has the informal meaning of "going well together." We argue that the intellectual flaw resides in the belief that a masterful individual can devise a "perfect methodology" that the engineer can then reduce to practice in a computer program. We suggest that the correct approach is to consider color forecasting as an act of distillation, where a palette is digested from the sentiment of a very large number of people. We describe how this approach can be reduced to an algorithm by replacing the subjective process with a data analytic process.
Fitting Polynomial Volumes to Surface Meshes with Voronoï Squared Distance Minimization (2013)

Abstract We propose a method for mapping polynomial volumes. Given a closed surface and an initial template volume grid, our method deforms the template grid by fitting its boundary to the input surface while minimizing a volume distortion criterion. The result is a point‐to‐point map distorting linear cells into curved ones. Our method is based on several extensions of Voronoi Squared Distance Minimization (VSDM) combined with a higher‐order finite element formulation of the deformation energy. This allows us to globally optimize the mapping without prior parameterization. The anisotropic VSDM formulation allows for sharp and semi‐sharp features to be implicitly preserved without tagging. We use a hierarchical finite element function basis that selectively adapts to the geometric details. This makes both the method more efficient and the representation more compact. We apply our method to geometric modeling applications in computer‐aided design and computer graphics, including mixed‐element meshing, mesh optimization, subdivision volume fitting, and shell meshing.
Diagnosis of haploidy and triploidy based on measurement of gene copy number by real-time PCR (2000)

We report the development of a method for diagnosis of heterozygous deletions or duplications based on measurement of gene copy number. The method involves amplifications of a test locus with unknown copy number and a reference locus with known copy number using real-time PCR. Progress of the PCR reactions is monitored using fluorigenic probes and a real-time fluorescence detection system. For each reaction, the number of cycles is measured at which a defined threshold fluorescence emission is reached. Using standard curves, the copy number of the test DNA relative to a common standard DNA is determined for each locus. From the ratio of the relative copy numbers, the genomic copy number of the test locus is determined. In order to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the method for genetic testing, we analyzed 43 patients with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP), containing a heterozygous deletion of a 1.5 Mb region on chromosome 17p11.2-p12, eight patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, containing a heterozygous duplication of the same genomic region, and 50 normal control individuals. As a test locus we analyzed the PMP22 gene located within the 1.5 Mb region. The genomic copy number of the test locus was precisely measured, and the presence or absence of the genomic deletion or duplication was unambiguously diagnosed in all individuals.
Two‐Polymer Microtransfer Molding for Highly Layered Microstructures (2005)

Two-polymer microtransfer molding (2P-μTM), an advanced microtransfer molding technique, is developed for fabrication of 3D microstructures. The use of two different photocurable prepolymers and a simple and robust filling and coating method allows an extremely high yield in layer-by-layer microfabrication able to produce highly layered microstructures with high structural fidelity (see Figure).
Distinct Tyrosine Autophosphorylation Sites Negatively and Positively Modulate Neu-Mediated Transformation (1997)

A number of cytoplasmic signaling molecules are thought to mediate mitogenic signaling from the activated Neu receptor tyrosine kinase through binding specific phosphotyrosine residues located within the intracellular portion of Neu/c-ErbB-2. An activated neu oncogene containing tyrosine-to-phenylalanine substitutions at each of the known autophosphorylation sites was generated and assessed for its specific transforming potential in Rat1 and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Mutation of these sites resulted in a dramatic impairment of the transforming potential of neu. To assess the role of these tyrosine phosphorylation sites in cellular transformation, the transforming potential of a series of mutants in which individual tyrosine residues were restored to this transformation-debilitated neu mutant was evaluated. Reversion of any one of four mutated sites to tyrosine residues restored wild-type transforming activity. While each of these transforming mutants displayed Ras-dependent signaling, the transforming activity of two of these mutants was correlated with their ability to bind either the GRB2 or SHC adapter molecules that couple receptor tyrosine kinases to the Ras signaling pathway. By contrast, restoration of a tyrosine residue located at position 1028 completely suppressed the basal transforming activity of this mutated neu molecule or other transforming neu molecules which possessed single tyrosine residues. These data argue that the transforming potential of activated neu is mediated both by positive and negative regulatory tyrosine phosphorylation sites.
Biomechanical Properties and Collagen Formation in Subcutaneously Implanted Cellulose Sponges Treated with Fibrin Sealant (1985)

Cellulose sponges were cut into two pieces and fibrin sealant was applied to the opposing surfaces, which were held together with sutures. In each rat two sets of sponges, one with and one without fibrin sealant, were implanted subcutaneously for 10 days. The tensile strength and energy absorption of the granulation tissue bridging the incision of the sponges were not influenced by the fibrin sealant. The formation of collagen in fibrin-sealed sponges did not differ from that in ordinary sponges. The results indicated that fibrin sealant does not influence the collagen formation and the mechanical strength after 10 days of healing. At this time the tissue possesses pronounced mechanical strength. The initial strength of sealed sponges possessed considerable mechanical strength (maximum stress 25% and failure energy 12% compared to values achieved after 10 days of implantation). This indicates that the sealant gives mechanical strength in the first days of healing, where the granulation tissue itself only provides minimal strength.
NewsComm: a hand-held interface for interactive access to structured audio (1996)

The NewsComm system delivers personalized news ~nd other program material as audio to mobile users through a hand-held playback device. This paper focuses on the iterative design and user testing of the hand-held interface. The interface was ftrst designed and tested in a softwareonly enviroument and then ported to a custom hardware platform. The hand-held device enables navigation through audio recordings based on structural information which is extracted from the audio using digital signal processing techniques. The interface design ~00resses the problems of designing a hand-held and primarily non-visual interface for accessing large amounts of StlUCtured audio recordings.
Enzyme−Polymer−Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites as Biocatalytic Films (2003)

Enzyme-containing polymer−single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) composites have been explored as unique biocatalytic materials. The biocatalytic composites were prepared by suspending SWNT and α-chymotrypsin (CT) directly into a poly(methyl methacrylate) solution in toluene. The activity of the resulting CT−polymer−nanotube films was observed to be higher than both polymer−CT and polymer−graphite−CT films. The effect of SWNT loading on biocatalytic activity was also studied, and the optimal SWNT loading was used to compare the biocatalytic performance of different polymer−SWNT systems. In all polymers tested, SWNT-containing composites show higher enzyme activity than the non-SWNT preparations. This was most likely due to a reduction in the leaching of enzyme from the film in the former, perhaps caused by the adsorption of enzyme molecules onto highly structured and high energy SWNTs within the polymer matrix. Investigation of different polymer composites indicates that SWNTs may be used to improve the performance of a wide range of biocatalytic composites for applications ranging from antifouling surface coatings to sensor elements.
School Performance and Neurodevelopment of Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants (2015)

Very low birth weight preterm infants are under significant risk of neurologic, developmental, and somatic problems. In this study, 90 infants born with a birth weight <1500 g and/or with a gestational age <32 weeks were evaluated after the first year of elementary school to assess neurodevelopment. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) test, Pediatric Symptom Checklist, and Parent Evaluation of Developmental Status were performed. Mental retardation, cerebral palsy, blindness, epilepsy, and posthemorrhagic hydrocephaly incidences were 14%, 7%, 2%, 5%, and 2%, respectively. The WISC-R score of 32 patients (35.5%) were below 85. Perinatal asphyxia, abnormal neurologic examination, and delayed or impaired speech correlated significantly with low WISC-R scores. Education and income of the father had positive impact on WISC-R scores (P = .042 and P = .026). Parents' concern and presence of cognitive problems were correlated (P = .026). Environmental factors, as well as the prevention of morbidity, affected school performance positively.
Oral antibiotics versus topical decolonization to prevent surgical site infection after Mohs micrographic surgery--a randomized, controlled trial. (2013)

In patients with demonstrable carriage of S. aureus, topical decolonization resulted in fewer SSI than in patients receiving perioperative oral antibiotics. Antibiotics should be reserved for clinically suspected and swab-proven infections rather than being prescribed empirically. Further efforts should be directed toward optimizing endogenous risk factor control for all patients presenting for MMS.
Molecular analysis of human monogenic diseases (1987)

Abstract Over one hundred genes have been isolated from the human genome and shown to be causally related to specific human genetic diseases. Studies with gene‐specific probes have demonstrated that the mutations resulting in a particular phenotype are highly heterogeneous as a group, ranging from alterations in transcription or RNA processing in the nucleus, through to errors in mRNA translation in the cytoplasm. Even where the gene‐specific probe is not available, defects have been localized to chromosomal regions by family studies. Recently developed methods for moving along the chromosome from a linked marker to the mutation are resulting in rapid advances in the understanding of many monogenic disorders.
Both normal and tumor cells produce basic fibroblast growth factor (1986)

We have previously purified from human placenta a basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-like molecule which stimulates the production of plasminogen activator (PA) and collagenase, induces DNA synthesis, produces an increase in motility in cultured bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells, and induces angiogenesis in vivo. The ability of basic FGF to stimulate PA production in BCE cells was used as an assay for the presence of basic FGF-like molecules in extracts of both normal and tumor-derived cultured cells. The identity of the PA-stimulatory activity with basic FGF was confirmed by its high affinity for heparin and by its cross-reactivity with antibodies to human placental basic FGF. Basic FGF-like molecules were identified in eight of ten cell lines tested, and the amount of FGF-like activity present in these cells bore no relation to their origin from normal or tumor tissue. The test cells, BCE cells, had one of the highest levels of FGF-like activity, suggesting that it may have an autocrine role in these cells.
Salt Selection and Optimisation Procedures for Pharmaceutical New Chemical Entities (2000)

Selection of an appropriate salt form for a new chemical entity provides the pharmaceutical chemist and formulation scientist with the opportunity to modify the characteristics of the potential drug substance and to permit the development of dosage forms with good bioavailability, stability, manufacturability, and patient compliance. Salts are most commonly employed for modifying aqueous solubility, however the salt form selected will influence a range of other properties such as melting point, hygroscopicity, chemical stability, dissolution rate, solution pH, crystal form, and mechanical properties. Where possible, a range of salts should be prepared for each new substance and their properties compared during a suitable preformulation program. Since it is normally possible to fully develop only one salt form, its properties should be appropriate to the primary route of administration and dosage form. An understanding of the influence of drug and salt properties on the finished product is essential to ensure selection of the best salt. The drug properties required for one dosage form may be quite different from those required for another. A well designed salt selection and optimisation study provides a sound base on which to build a rapid and economic product development programme.
Portacaval Shunt in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia (1983)

Portacaval shunt was performed in ten patients with homozygous and two with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Total serum cholesterol was lowered by 20% to 55.4% during follow-up periods of 14 months to almost 9 years, with commensurate decreases in LDL cholesterol. The effect on HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels was variable. Tendinocutaneous xanthomas diminished or disappeared. Growth and development in children proceeded or accelerated. There was no detectable emotional or intellectual deterioration. Hepatic failure did not occur, although blood ammonia concentrations and serum alkaline phosphatase levels increased relative to preoperative values. Cardiac symptoms were often improved, but evidence of reversal of cardiovascular lesions was inconclusive. Three patients with pre-existing heart disease died of cardiac complications after 4 months, 18 1/2 months, and 30 months. Portacaval shunt has been effective therapy for patients with FH who were refractory or intolerant to medical treatment; it should be performed before the development of irreversible cardiovascular damage.
Conditions for the induction of long-term potentiation in layer II/III horizontal connections of the rat motor cortex (1996)

1. The present studies investigated conditions for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the local horizontal pathways of layers II/III in the primary motor cortex (MI) of the adult rat. Field potential and intracellular recordings demonstrated synaptic interactions across the superficial layers within MI that could be enhanced transiently by focal application of the gamma-aminobuturic acid-A receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (Bic) at the recording site. 2. Field potentials evoked in the superficial MI horizontal pathways increased in amplitude after tetanizing, theta burst stimulation (TBS), but only when Bic was applied transiently at the recording site immediately before TBS. In the absence of Bic, TBS failed to produce long-lasting increases in horizontally evoked field responses. By contrast, TBS delivery during focal Bic application increased field potential amplitudes by 25-35% when measured 25-30 min after stimulation. The amount of potentiation was greater when two converging horizontal inputs were stimulated together but was not increased with higher intensity stimulation. Persistent effects of Bic application alone were evident. However, these effects were small unless Bic application continued until evoked field potential amplitude increase exceeded 200% of baseline. 3. The synaptic nature of field potential increases were confirmed using intracellular recordings of layer II/III neurons located near field potential electrodes. 4. LTP also could be induced without Bic application by cotetanization of vertical pathways simultaneously with horizontal activation. Vertical conditioning alone at 2 Hz, which affects inhibitory efficacy, was shown to transiently relieve depression of successive responses that ordinarily occurs during a burst of three horizontal stimuli. These results suggest that LTP of horizontal pathways may be regulated by spatiotemporal interactions between horizontal and vertical pathways. 5. Horizontal LTP was blocked reversibly by bath application of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, thereby implicating NMDA-receptor activation in LTP induction for these pathways. 6. The results confirm and extend our previous finding that the potential for activity-dependent modification of synaptic connections exists within the intrinsic horizontal connections of the superficial cortical layers. Synaptic modification across horizontally connected neurons appears to be regulated both by the arrangement of intrinsic circuitry and by the availability of mechanisms for modification at individual synapses. The properties of horizontal connections indicate that they form a spatial substrate and provide an activity-dependent mechanism for plasticity of adult cortical representations.
Chemically Functionalized Graphene and Their Applications in Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage (2013)

Chemically Functionalized Graphene and Their Applications in Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage