gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulatory effects of endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein in immunoglobulin G immune complex-induced lung injury. (1996)

IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) has regulatory effects on IL-1 activity both in vitro and in vivo. In the IgG immune complex model of lung injury in rats, exogenously administered human IL-1Ra suppressed neutrophil recruitment and ensuing lung injury. In this study, we sought to determine if endogenous rat IL-1Ra might regulate this lung-inflammatory response. By Northern blot analysis of lung mRNA and Western analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, rat IL-1Ra expression was found to increase during development of inflammation in IgG immune complex-mediated alveolitis. By immunostaining, alveolar macrophages and recruited neutrophils were the apparent sources of IL-1Ra. In vivo blocking of endogenous IL-1Ra resulted in a 53% increase in lung vascular permeability and a 180% increase in BAL fluid neutrophils. In companion studies, a significant increase in IL-1beta was found, whereas no significant change in TNF-alpha activity was observed. Whereas the in vivo regulatory effects of IL-1R appear to be limited to IL-1beta, IL-10 regulates both IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in this model, reflected by a 48% increase in BAL IL-1beta in rats treated with anti-IL-10. These findings suggest that IL-1Ra is an intrinsic regulator of inflammatory injury after deposition of IgG immune complexes and that it regulates production of IL-1beta.
A Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Cdc42 GTPase (2010)

Cdc42, a member of the Rho family of GTPases, has been shown to play a role in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal arrangement, phagocytosis and cell motility and migration, in addition to a host of other diverse biological processes. The function of Rho-family GTPases in disease pathogenesis has been well established and identification of small, cell permeable molecules that selectively and reversibly regulate Rho GTPases is of high scientific and potentially therapeutic interest. There has been limited success in identifying inhibitors that specifically interact with small Rho family GTPases. The identified probe, ML141 (CID-2950007), is demonstrated to be a potent, selective and reversible non-competitive inhibitor of Cdc42 GTPase suitable for in vitro assays, with low micromolar potency and selectivity against other members of the Rho family of GTPases (Rac1, Rab2, Rab7). Given the highly complementary nature of the function of the Rho family GTPases, Cdc42 selective inhibitors such as those reported here should help untangle the roles of the proteins in this family.
Somatic heterogeneity of the CTG repeat in myotonic dystrophy is age and size dependent. (1995)

The most common form of adult muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy (DM), is caused by the abnormal expansion of the CTG repeat, located in the 3' UTR of the DM gene. The expanded-CTG allele often presents as a diffused band on Southern blot analysis, suggesting somatic mosaicism. In order to study the somatic instability of the CTG repeat, we have investigated the dynamics of the size heterogeneity of the CTG expansion. Size heterogeneity is shown as a smear on Southern blot and is measured by the midpeak-width ratio of the expanded allele to the normal sized allele. The ratio is also corrected for compression in the higher-molecular-weight region. It is found that the size heterogeneity of the expanded-CTG repeats, of 173 DM patients, correlates well with the age of the patient (r = .81, P << .001). The older patients show larger size variation. This correlation is independent of the sex of either the patient or the transmitting parent. The size heterogeneity of the expansion, based on age groups, is also dependent on the size of the expanded trinucleotide repeat. However, obvious size heterogeneity is not observed in congenital cases, regardless of the size of expansion. Comparison of individual patient samples collected at two different times has confirmed that the degree of size heterogeneity increases with age and has revealed a subtle but definite upward shift in the size of the expanded-CTG allele. The progression of the CTG repeat toward larger expansion with age is further confirmed by small-pool PCR assay that resolved the heterogeneous fragments into discrete bands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Content integration for e-business (2001)

We define the problem of content integration for E-Business, and show how it differs in fundamental ways from traditional issues surrounding data integration, application integration, data warehousing and OLTP. Content integration includes catalog integration as a special case, but encompasses a broader set of applications and challenges. We explore the characteristics of content integration and required services for any solution. In addition, we explore architectural alternatives and discuss the use of XML in this arena.
Nonlinear Nonnegative Component Analysis (2009)

In this paper general solutions for nonlinear nonnegative component analysis for data representation and recognition are proposed. That is, motivated by a combination of the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithm and kernel theory, which has lead to an NMF algorithm in a polynomial feature space, we propose a general framework where one can build a nonlinear nonnegative component analysis using kernels, the so-called projected gradient Kernel Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (PGKNMF). In the proposed approach, arbitrary positive kernels can be adopted while at the same time it is ensured that the limit point of the procedure is a stationary point of the optimization problem. Moreover, we propose fixed point algorithms for the special case of Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernels. We demonstrate the power of the proposed methods in face and facial expression recognition applications.
The Carboxyl-terminal Domains of gp130-related Cytokine Receptors Are Necessary for Suppressing Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation (1999)

Cell type-specific responses to the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)/interleukin 6 cytokine family are mediated by dimerization of the LIF receptor alpha-chain (LIFRalpha) with the signal transducer gp130 or of two gp130 molecules followed by activation of the JAK/STAT and Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. In order to dissect the contribution of gp130 and LIFRalpha individually, chimeric molecules consisting of the extracellular domain of the granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor (GCSF-R) and various mutant forms of the cytoplasmic domains of gp130 or LIFRalpha were expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells to test for suppression of differentiation, or in a factor-dependent plasma cytoma cell line to assess for induction of proliferation. Carboxyl-terminal domains downstream of the phosphatase (SHP2)-binding sites were dispensable for mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and the transduction of proliferative signals. Moreover, carboxyl-terminal truncation mutants which lacked intact Box 3 homology domains showed decreased STAT3 activation, failed to induce Hck kinase activity and suppress ES cell differentiation. Moreover, STAT3 antisense oligonucleotides impaired LIF-dependent inhibition of differentiation. Substitution of the tyrosine residue within the Box 3 region of the GSCF-R abolished receptor-mediated suppression of differentiation without affecting the transduction of proliferative signals. Thus, distinct cytoplasmic domains within the LIFRalpha, gp130, and GCSF-R transduce proliferative and differentiation suppressing signals.
Comparison of Thevenin's Equivalent based Methods to Monitor Voltage Stability (2008)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Rationale and Experience with Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors and Protease Inhibitors (1995)

The majority of antiretroviral agents used in the treatment of HIV are targeted at the HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme. In a continuing effort to develop more effective antiviral regimens, drugs that target other specific enzymes in the virus replication cycle are under development. A promising new class of drugs is the protease inhibitors. These antiviral agents are potent and highly specific, giving excellent inhibition of viral replication. Unfortunately, the high level of inhibition may not be maintained in vivo because of the rapid emergence of resistance to these agents when they are used as monotherapy. However, the combination of protease inhibitors with reverse transcriptase inhibitors may represent a major advance in the treatment of HIV infection.
Developmental and Hormonal Regulation of the Arabidopsis CER2 Gene That Codes for a Nuclear-Localized Protein Required for the Normal Accumulation of Cuticular Waxes (1997)

The previously cloned CER2 gene is required for the normal accumulation of cuticular waxes and encodes a novel protein. Earlier reports suggested that the CER2 protein is either a membrane-bound component of the fatty acid elongase complex or a regulatory protein. Cell fractionation and immunoblot analyses using polyclonal antibodies raised against a chemically synthesized peptide with a sequence based on the predicted CER2 protein sequence have demonstrated that the 47-kD CER2 protein is soluble and nuclear localized. These results are consistent with CER2 being a regulatory protein. Detailed studies of plants harboring a CER2 promoter/GUS transgene (CER2-GUS), in combination with immunoblot analyses, revealed that CER2 is expressed and the CER2 protein accumulates in a variety of organs and cell types. Expression is highest early in the development of these organs and is epidermis specific in most tissues. In agreement with the activity of the CER2 promoter in hypocotyls, cuticular wax accumulates on this organ in a CER2-dependent fashion. In leaves CER2 expression is confined to the guard cells, trichomes, and petioles. However, application of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine induces ectopic expression of CER2-GUS in all cell types of leaves that emerge following treatment.
A Possible Unitary Genetic Hypothesis for Alzheimer's Disease and Down Syndromea (1985)

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 450, Issue 1 p. 223-238 A Possible Unitary Genetic Hypothesis for Alzheimer's Disease and Down Syndromea MIRIAM SCHWEBER, MIRIAM SCHWEBER Department of Biochemistry School of Medicine Boston University Boston, Massachusetts 02118Search for more papers by this author MIRIAM SCHWEBER, MIRIAM SCHWEBER Department of Biochemistry School of Medicine Boston University Boston, Massachusetts 02118Search for more papers by this author First published: June 1985 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb21495.xCitations: 30 † This work was supported in part by the Retirement Research Foundation. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume450, Issue1Adenosine Molecular Structure of the Number 21 chromosome and Down SyndromeJune 1985Pages 223-238 RelatedInformation
Valine, Isoleucine, and Leucine (1990)

Early treatment of phenylketonuria by dietary phenylalanine restriction prevents brain damage. Behavioral and cognitive deficits occur when serum phenylalanine levels increase. Administration of valine, isoleucine, and leucine to patients with phenylketonuria may inhibit entry of phenylalanine into the brain and reduce its toxic effects on the central nervous system. Sixteen adolescents and young adults with phenylketonuria participated in double-blind trials in which a valine, isoleucine, and leucine mixture or a control mixture was given for four 3-month periods. Biochemical and neuropsychologic tests were carried out before and at the end of each period. Time to completion of a test that required substantial attention with mental processing (Attention Diagnostic Method) was faster during the valine, isoleucine, and leucine periods than during the control mixture periods. Improvement with valine, isoleucine, and leucine on a less demanding task (Continuous Performance Test) approached significance. These data lent support to the hypothesis that a regimen of valine, isoleucine, and leucine may help individuals unable to maintain low serum phenylalanine levels.
A porcine ex vivo paracorporeal model of lung transplantation (2000)

A technique is described which allows perfusion of an isolated, ventilated pig lung with an extracorporeal veno-venous circuit from a support animal. This model is stable for up to 4 h, and avoids some of the disadvantages of alternative small animal and large animal models of lung transplantation. It may be useful in the investigation of factors affecting lung preservation and reperfusion injury.
Concentration Polarization and Nonlinear Electrokinetic Flow near a Nanofluidic Channel (2007)

A perm-selective nanochannel could initiate concentration polarization near the nanochannel, significantly decreasing (increasing) the ion concentration in the anodic (cathodic) end of the nanochannel. Such strong concentration polarization can be induced even at moderate buffer concentrations because of local ion depletion (therefore thicker local Debye layer) near the nanochannel. In addition, fast fluid vortices were generated at the anodic side of the nanochannel due to the nonequilibrium electro-osmotic flow (EOF), which was at least approximately 10x faster than predicted from any equilibrium EOF. This result corroborates the relation among induced EOF, concentration polarization, and limiting-current behavior.
STAT5 Protein Negatively Regulates T Follicular Helper (Tfh) Cell Generation and Function (2012)

Recent work has identified a new subset of CD4(+) T cells named as Tfh cells that are localized in germinal centers and critical in germinal center formation. Tfh cell differentiation is regulated by IL-6 and IL-21, possibly via STAT3 factor, and B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) is specifically expressed in Tfh cells and required for their lineage specification. In the current study, we characterized the role of STAT5 in Tfh cell development. We found that a constitutively active form of STAT5 effectively inhibited Tfh differentiation by suppressing the expression of Tfh-associated factors (CXC motif) receptor 5 (CXCR5), musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (c-Maf), Bcl6, basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like (Batf), and IL-21, and STAT5 deficiency greatly enhanced Tfh gene expression. Importantly, STAT5 regulated the expression of Tfh cell suppressor factor B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1); STAT5 deficiency impaired Blimp-1 expression and resulted in elevated expression of Tfh-specific genes. Similarly, inhibition of IL-2 potentiated Tfh generation, associated with dampened Blimp-1 expression; Blimp-1 overexpression inhibited Tfh gene expression in Stat5-deficient T cells, suggesting that the IL-2/STAT5 axis functions to regulate Blimp-1 expression. In vivo, deletion of STAT5 in CD4(+) T cells resulted in enhanced development of Tfh cells and germinal center B cells and led to an impairment of B cell tolerance in a well defined mouse tolerance model. Taken together, this study demonstrates that STAT5 controls Tfh differentiation.
Sensitive, Simultaneous Determination of Organomercury, -lead, and -tin Compounds with Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Capillary Gas Chromatography Combined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (1997)

The use of the solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique for the simultaneous determination of organomercury, -tin, and -lead is described. The organometallic compounds were in situ derivatized with sodium tetraethylborate, sorbed on a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-coated fused silica fiber, and desorbed in the splitless injection port of the GC. The different organometallic compounds were simultaneously determined by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS) coupled to the GC using a transfer line developed in-house. The detection limits obtained with CGC−ICPMS for monobutyl-, dibutyl-, and tributyltin are between 0.34 and 2.1 ng/L as Sn. Analysis of a PACS-1 reference material confirmed the reliability of the combination of SPME as extraction technique with CGC−ICPMS for the analysis of organotin compounds.
Primers are decisive for sensitivity of PCR. (1994)

A sufficient sensitivity of PCR is a prerequisite for its use in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. We have used PCR for detecting gene elements of Borrelia burgdorferi, mycobacteria and Bordetella pertussis. With all these microbe groups, difficulties were encountered in achieving the demanded sensitivity with the primer pairs primarily selected. An extensive testing of various reaction parameters did not improve the sensitivity. Subsequently, we synthesized more primers derived from slightly different positions of the original target sequences. When the original and new primers were tested in possible combinations, some primer pairs reached 100-fold to 1000-fold higher sensitivity than the primary pairs. We conclude that in optimizing the sensitivity of PCR, more emphasis should be put on testing of several primer pairs than on the extensive screening of reaction parameters. Thus far, a trial-and-error approach has to be used, because there is no means to predict the sensitivity properties of a selected primer pair.
FES cycling reduces spastic muscle tone in a patient with multiple sclerosis (2007)

We report on a multiple sclerosis patient who received functional electrical stimulation to reduce spastic muscle tone of the lower limbs. Stimulation by means of surface electrodes applied to the thigh muscles induced cycling leg movements. Spastic muscle tone was measured clinically using the modified Ashworth scale and semiautomatically by pendulum testing of spasticity. This was done before and directly after stimulation. The patient was able to endure the stimulation for ca. 30 minutes; there was a significant reduction of spasticity after each stimulation session. We conclude, that this type of stimulation could be another potential treatment modality for multiple sclerosis patients, especially those with a high score in the expanded disability Status scale.
Transplantation of Genetically Corrected Human iPSC-Derived Progenitors in Mice with Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (2012)

Mesoangioblasts are stem/progenitor cells derived from a subset of pericytes found in muscle that express alkaline phosphatase. They have been shown to ameliorate the disease phenotypes of different animal models of muscular dystrophy and are now undergoing clinical testing in children affected by Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Here, we show that patients with a related disease, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2D (LGMD2D), which is caused by mutations in the gene encoding α-sarcoglycan, have reduced numbers of this pericyte subset and thus produce too few mesoangioblasts for use in autologous cell therapy. Hence, we reprogrammed fibroblasts and myoblasts from LGMD2D patients to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and developed a protocol for the derivation of mesoangioblast-like cells from these iPSCs. The iPSC-derived mesoangioblasts were expanded and genetically corrected in vitro with a lentiviral vector carrying the gene encoding human α-sarcoglycan and a promoter that would ensure expression only in striated muscle. When these genetically corrected human iPSC-derived mesoangioblasts were transplanted into α-sarcoglycan-null immunodeficient mice, they generated muscle fibers that expressed α-sarcoglycan. Finally, transplantation of mouse iPSC-derived mesoangioblasts into α-sarcoglycan-null immunodeficient mice resulted in functional amelioration of the dystrophic phenotype and restoration of the depleted progenitors. These findings suggest that transplantation of genetically corrected mesoangioblast-like cells generated from iPSCs from LGMD2D patients may be useful for treating this type of muscular dystrophy and perhaps other forms of muscular dystrophy as well.
Cutting Edge: IL-23 Receptor GFP Reporter Mice Reveal Distinct Populations of IL-17-Producing Cells (2009)

IL-23, an IL-12 family member, has been implicated in the development of Th17 cells and the progression of autoimmune diseases. However, due to the lack of availability of sensitive Ab reagents specific for the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R), it has been difficult to characterize the cell types that express the IL-23R and are responsive to IL-23 in vivo. To address the role of IL-23 in vivo, we have generated a novel "knock-in" mouse in which we have replaced the intracellular domain of the IL-23R with the GFP. We show that in addition to Th17 cells, a subset of myeloid cells express IL-23R and respond to IL-23 by producing IL-17 and IL-22. Our studies further demonstrate that IL-23R expression is crucial for generation of encephalitogenic Th17 cells, but its expression on the innate immune system is dispensible in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Mental Representations (1990)

This work presents a systematic analysis of the psychological phenomena associated with the concept of mental representations — also referred to as cognitive or internal representations. A major restatement of a theory the author of this book first developed in his 1971 book (Imagery and Verbal Processes), this book covers phenomena from the earlier period that remain relevant today but emphasizes cognitive problems and paradigms that have since emerged more fully. It proposes that performance in memory and other cognitive tasks is mediated not only by linguistic processes but also by a distinct nonverbal imagery model of thought as well. It discusses the philosophy of science associated with the dual coding approach, emphasizing the advantages of empiricism in the study of cognitive phenomena and shows that the fundamentals of the theory have stood up well to empirical challenges over the years.
Identification of promoter elements necessary for transcriptional regulation of a human histone H4 gene in vitro. (1985)

We have examined the nucleotide sequences necessary for transcription of a human histone H4 gene in vitro. Maximal transcription of the H4 promoter requires, in addition to the TATA box and cap site, promoter elements between 70 and 110 nucleotides upstream from the transcription initiation site. These distal promoter elements are recognized preferentially in extracts from synchronized S-phase HeLa cells. The inability of non-S-phase nuclear extracts to recognize the H4 upstream sequences reflects a specific lack of a transcription factor which interacts with those sequences. These results indicate that the cell cycle regulation of human histone gene expression involves both a specific transcription factor and distal transcription signals in the H4 promoter.
Generalized Transduction in Bacillus thuringiensis var. berliner 1715 using Bacteriophage CP-54Ber (1980)

A phage isolated from lysates of phage CP-54 grown on Bacillus cereus 569 and selected on the basis of its ability to infect Bacillus thuringiensis var. berliner 1715 (serotype I) was designated CP-54Ber. Phages CP-54Ber and CP-54 were similar in size, morphology, cryosensitivity and stabilization by dimethyl sulphoxide. They showed significant differences with regard to inactivation by specific antiserum, adsorption to the berliner strains and host range. Phage CP-54Ber was able to mediate generalized transduction in the host strain berliner 1715 with frequencies ranging between 1 x 10(-5) and 1 x 10(-6). Cotransduction of markers was demonstrated. Cross-transduction occurred between strains belonging to serotype I whereas it was more difficult to observe when lysates were prepared on strains from other serotypes.