gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microglial Phenotype Is Regulated by Activity of the Transcription Factor, NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells) (2010)

The transcription factor family, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), regulates immune cell phenotype. Four different calcium/calmodulin-regulated isoforms have been identified in the periphery, but isoform expression in microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, has not been fully defined. In this study microglial NFAT isoform expression and involvement in regulating inflammatory responses in murine primary microglia culture was examined. Western blot analysis demonstrated robust detection of NFATc1 and c2 isoforms in microglia. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated increased NFAT-DNA binding from nuclear extracts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated microglia. Moreover, LPS-stimulated microglia behaved similarly to T cell receptor agonist antibody-stimulated Jurkat cells demonstrating a transient increase in NFAT-driven luciferase reporter gene expression. LPS-induced NFAT-luciferase activity in microglia was attenuated by pretreatment with tat-VIVIT, a cell-permeable NFAT inhibitory peptide. Furthermore, LPS-mediated secretion of microglial cytokines, TNF-alpha and MCP-1, was decreased by treatment with tat-VIVIT but not with tat-VEET, a negative control peptide. These results demonstrate that NFAT plays a role in regulating proinflammatory responses in cultured murine microglia.
Arabidopsis Vacuolar Sorting Mutants (green fluorescent seed) Can Be Identified Efficiently by Secretion of Vacuole-Targeted Green Fluorescent Protein in Their Seeds (2007)

Two Arabidopsis thaliana genes have been shown to function in vacuolar sorting of seed storage proteins: a vacuolar sorting receptor, VSR1/ATELP1, and a retromer component, MAIGO1 (MAG1)/VPS29. Here, we show an efficient and simple method for isolating vacuolar sorting mutants of Arabidopsis. The method was based on two findings in this study. First, VSR1 functioned as a sorting receptor for beta-conglycinin by recognizing the vacuolar targeting signal. Second, when green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion with the signal (GFP-CT24) was expressed in vsr1, mag1/vps29, and wild-type seeds, both vsr1and mag1/vps29 gave strongly fluorescent seeds but the wild type did not, suggesting that a defect in vacuolar sorting provided fluorescent seeds by the secretion of GFP-CT24 out of the cells. We mutagenized transformant seeds expressing GFP-CT24. From approximately 3,000,000 lines of M2 seeds, we obtained >100 fluorescent seeds and designated them green fluorescent seed (gfs) mutants. We report 10 gfs mutants, all of which caused missorting of storage proteins. We mapped gfs1 to VSR1, gfs2 to KAM2/GRV2, gfs10 to the At4g35870 gene encoding a novel membrane protein, and the others to different loci. This method should provide valuable insights into the complex molecular mechanisms underlying vacuolar sorting of storage proteins.
The response of rabbit patellar tendons after autologous blood injection (2002)

We found that injecting blood directly into normal tendons appears safe. Further evaluation of this technique would appear indicated.
Molecular cloning of the amino-terminal region of a rat MUC 2 mucin gene homologue. Evidence for expression in both intestine and airway. (1994)

To obtain cDNAs for analysis of mucin gene transcription in rat models of human disease, we screened a rat intestinal cDNA library in lambda ZAPII using an upstream non-tandem repeat cDNA fragment of the human MUC 2 gene (Gum, J., Hicks, J., Toribara, N., Rothe, E., Lagace, R., and Y., K. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 21375-21383). Three cDNAs, 1-1, 8-1, and 21-1, were isolated. A translation start site was found in cDNA 21-1. Combined nucleotide sequence for the three cDNAs contained an open reading frame spanning 4546 base pairs. This amino-terminal sequence contains a non-tandem repeat domain enriched in cysteine (1391 residues) followed by an irregular tandem repeat domain (122 residues). Identity with the human gene is about 80% in the non-tandem repeat domain and about 38% in the irregular tandem repeat domain. Primer extension and S1 nuclease protection analysis indicate a transcription start site at 28 base pairs upstream of translation initiation. Northern analysis showed expression of cognate RNA in the intestine and airway but not heart and spleen. The cDNAs have been used to isolate the gene promoter, the structure of which should yield clues to the regulation of mucin expression in rat models of human disease.
Motion Perception Model With Interactions Between Spatial Frequency Channels (1989)

Several recent studies have proposed models of local motion detection for visual perception using spatiotemporal filters. However, these models are limited their motion perception capacity by the use of only one spatial frequency channel. But in the human visual system, it has been shown by various psychophysical studies that there are interactions between spatial frequency channels. In this paper, therefore, we propose one simple approach to introducing channel interactions into local motion detection models. In our method, true velocity is given as the intersection of lines representing the possible solutions on the velocity plane. Scalar motion sensors presented by Watson and Ahumada are used to get each line. Channel interactions are incorporated by plotting lines from multiple spatial frequency channels on the same velocity plane and finding their intersection. The effectiveness of these procedures was demonstrated with moving random dot patterns.
Incorporating Second-Order Functional Knowledge for Better Option Pricing (2000)

Incorporating prior knowledge of a particular task into the architecture of a learning algorithm can greatly improve generalization performance. We study here a case where we know that the function to be learned is non-decreasing in two of its arguments and convex in one of them. For this purpose we propose a class of functions similar to multi-layer neural networks but (1) that has those properties, (2) is a universal approximator of continuous functions with these and other properties. We apply this new class of functions to the task of modeling the price of call options. Experiments show improvements on regressing the price of call options using the new types of function classes that incorporate the a priori constraints.
Monolithically Integrated 25Gbit/sec Receiver for 1.55μm in Photonic BiCMOS Technology (2014)

A monolithically integrated 25Gbps receiver is shown as a demonstrator for a novel photonic BiCMOS process which allows for dense co-integration of 200GHz bipolar transistors and CMOS devices with waveguides, couplers, and Ge photodiodes.
Effects of 10 Days Administration of Percutaneous Dihydrotestosterone on the Pituitary-Testicular Axis in Normal Men (1984)

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was administered percutaneously in a dose of 125 mg twice daily for 10 days to 12 normal men. Basal plasma levels of testosterone (T), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and LH were measured every 2 days in these men and every 5 days in subjects from a control group receiving placebo. The daytime course of plasma hormone levels between two DHT applications was studied in six men. LRH tests were performed in nine men before and on day 10 of DHT administration. Plasma levels of free T and free E2, and T - E-binding globulin capacity and affinity were measured in six men before and on days 5 and 10 of DHT administration. Before DHT administration, there was no difference in basal plasma levels of T, DHT, E2, and LH between the control and the DHT-treated group. In the latter group, plasma DHT levels increased sharply from 0.52 +/- (+/- SE) to 3.70 +/- 0.92 ng/ml on day 2 (P less than 0.001) during DHT treatment. Plasma T, E2, and LH levels decreased significantly from 7.33 +/- 0.74 to 1.33 +/- 0.54 ng/ml (P less than 0.001), from 46 +/- 5 to 20 +/- 3 pg/ml (P less than 0.01), and from 7.8 +/- 1 to 4.2 mIU/ml (P less than 0.05), respectively. Except for a small decrease in plasma DHT (P less than 0.05) 12 h after the previous DHT application, hormone levels were stable during the time between the two DHT treatments. The responses of LH and FSH to LRH were not different before and on day 10 of DHT administration. Plasma levels of free T and free E2 as well as those of total T and E2 decreased; however, the percentages of unbound T and E2 were not different before and during DHT administration. T - E-binding globulin capacity and affinity were not modified by DHT administration. Changes in plasma DHT levels were negatively correlated with those in The results of this study demonstrate that 10-days DHT administration has an inhibitory effect on the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis in normal men.
Crystallographic Analysis of thePseudomonas aeruginosaStrain K122-4 Monomeric Pilin Reveals a Conserved Receptor-Binding Architecture, (2004)

Adherence of pathogens to host cells is critical for the initiation of infection and is thus an attractive target for anti-infective therapeutics and vaccines. In the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, host-cell adherence is achieved predominantly by type IV pili. Analysis of several clinical strains of P. aeruginosa reveals poor sequence conservation between pilin genes, including the residues in the receptor-binding site. Interestingly, the receptor-binding sites appear to retain a conserved surface epitope because all Pseudomonas type IV pili recognize the same receptor on the host cell and cross-reactive antibodies specific for the receptor-binding site exist. Here, we present the crystallographic analysis of two crystal forms of truncated pilin from P. aeruginosa strain K122-4 (DeltaK122-4) at 1.54 and 1.8 A resolution, respectively. The DeltaK122-4 structure is compared to other crystallographically determined type IV pilin structures and an NMR structure of DeltaK122-4 pilin. A comparison with the structure of the highly divergent P. aeruginosa strain K (DeltaPAK) pilin indicates that the receptor-binding loop in both pilins forms a shallow depression with a surface that is formed by main-chain atoms. Conservation of this putative binding site is independent of the sequence as long as the main-chain conformation is conserved and could therefore explain the shared receptor specificity and antibody cross reactivity of highly divergent Pseudomonas type IV pilins.
Targeting senescent cells alleviates obesity‐induced metabolic dysfunction (2019)

Adipose tissue inflammation and dysfunction are associated with obesity-related insulin resistance and diabetes, but mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. Although senescent cells accumulate in adipose tissue of obese humans and rodents, a direct pathogenic role for these cells in the development of diabetes remains to be demonstrated. Here, we show that reducing senescent cell burden in obese mice, either by activating drug-inducible "suicide" genes driven by the p16<sup>Ink4a</sup> promoter or by treatment with senolytic agents, alleviates metabolic and adipose tissue dysfunction. These senolytic interventions improved glucose tolerance, enhanced insulin sensitivity, lowered circulating inflammatory mediators, and promoted adipogenesis in obese mice. Elimination of senescent cells also prevented the migration of transplanted monocytes into intra-abdominal adipose tissue and reduced the number of macrophages in this tissue. In addition, microalbuminuria, renal podocyte function, and cardiac diastolic function improved with senolytic therapy. Our results implicate cellular senescence as a causal factor in obesity-related inflammation and metabolic derangements and show that emerging senolytic agents hold promise for treating obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and its complications.
Fate of Orally Administered Triethylenetetramine Dihydrochloride: A Therapeutic Drug for Wilson's Disease. (1993)

Triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride (TETA) is a therapeutic drug for Wilson's disease. We developed a simple fluorometric method for detection of TETA in biological fluids by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and examined TETA concentrations in the serum and urine of two healthy adults who were given TETA orally. No TETA peak was detected in the serum. The amount of TETA in the urine of the two adults was only 1.6 and 1.7% of the dose administered. However, a large unidentified peak appeared in the urine after oral administration. This peak was not observed in a mixture of TETA and control urine or in urine before TETA administration. When the urine after TETA administration was analyzed after hydrolysis with HCl, the unidentified peak disappeared, while the TETA peak increased. These findings indicate that the substance which yielded the unidentified peak is a metabolite of TETA, suggesting that most of the TETA administered is metabolized and then excreted in the urine.
Epigenetic Inactivation of Notch Signaling Target Genes HES in B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. (2008)

Abstract The Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in multiple functions during normal hemato-lymphoid development. It also plays critical roles in T-cell leukemogenesis through influencing T-cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. In contrast, we have previously reported a tumor suppressor role in B-cell leukemias, where Notch signaling leads to growth inhibition and apoptosis. The Notch target genes Hairy/Enhancer of Split (HES1-7) encode transcriptional repressors with basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domains. Functional and phenotypic analyses of some of the HES family members have been reported, however, expression and epigenetic regulation of the HES family in leukemia is largely unknown. Using Methylated CpG Island Amplification (MCA) / DNA promoter microarray, we identified several HES family genes as hypermethylated in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B ALL). We further investigated the comprehensive methylation profiles of HES family genes in a panel of leukemia cell lines and ALL patient samples by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Aberrant DNA methylation of HES2, HES4, HES5 and HES6 was detected in most B ALL cell lines including B-JAB, RS4:11, REH, Raji and Ramos but not in normal B cell controls. In contrast, in T cell leukemia cell lines such as Molt4, PEER, T-ALL1 and J-TAG, these genes were generally unmethylated. In B ALL patient samples, the frequencies of DNA methylation in the promoter regions of these genes were 25% for HES2, 50% for HES4, 76% for HES5 and 71% for HES6. Expression analysis of HES4, HES5 and HES6 in leukemia cell lines by real-time PCR further confirmed methylation associated gene silencing. Treatment of methylated/silenced cell lines with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5’-aza-2’-deoxycytidine resulted in HES gene re-expression. Finally, forced re-expression of HES5 and HES6 in methylation silenced Rs4 and REH cell lines inhibited cell growth. These results suggest that the Notch/HES signaling pathway is epigenetically-inactivated in B ALL. These data support the role of the HES family as tumor suppressors in pre-B ALL and establish epigenetic modulation as a novel mechanism of Notch pathway regulation. We anticipate that therapies capable of activating Notch/HES signaling may have therapeutic potential in B cell leukemias.
Sustainable bioproduction of phytochemicals by plant in vitro cultures: anticancer agents (2005)

Due to their complex structure with several chiral centres important anticancer agents are still extracted from plants and not synthesized chemically on a commercial scale. Sustainable bioproduction of the compounds of interest may be achieved by plant in vitro cultures. Undifferentiated callus and suspension cultures, which can be cultivated in large bioreactors easily, very often fail to accumulate the compounds of interest, whereas shoot and root cultures as well hairy roots normally produce the same compounds as in the appropriate organs. The production of anticancer compounds, such as the alkaloids vinblastine, vincristine, paclitaxel (Taxol ® ), camptothecin, or the lignan podophyllotoxin, by plant in vitro cultures is reviewed. Taxanes can be produced in bioreactors using cell suspensions of various Taxus species with good yields; presently paclitaxel is produced on a commercial scale by Phyton Biotech (Germany). Camptothecin has low yields in suspension cultures of Camptotheca acuminata or Nothapodytes foetida (0.0003–0.01%), but a good production (0.1–0.3% dry wt) in root and hairy root cultures of Ophiorrhiza pumila , O. mungos and C. acuminata . Podophyllotoxin can be produced in cell suspension and root as well as hairy root cultures of Podophyllum and various Linum species up to 130 mg/l ( Linum album cell suspensions); its derivative 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin is accumulated in hairy roots of L. persicum up to about 500 mg/l. The in vitro production of dimeric indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus has failed so far both in undifferentiated and differentiated in vitro cultures. In cases where in vitro cultures show good yields, they can be employed in biotechnology for the sustainable production of valuable products.
Fluoride‐Cleavable, Fluorescently Labelled Reversible Terminators: Synthesis and Use in Primer Extension (2011)

Fluorescent 2'-deoxynucleotides containing a protecting group at the 3'-O-position are reversible terminators that enable array-based DNA sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) approaches. Herein, we describe the synthesis and full characterisation of four reversible terminators bearing a 3'-blocking moiety and a linker-dye system that is removable under the same fluoride-based treatment. Each nucleotide analogue has a different fluorophore attached to the base through a fluoride-cleavable linker and a 2-cyanoethyl moiety as the 3'-blocking group, which can be removed by using a fluoride treatment as well. Furthermore, we identified a DNA polymerase, namely, RevertAid M-MuLV reverse transcriptase, which can incorporate the four modified reversible terminators. The synthesised nucleotides and the optimised DNA polymerase were used on CodeLink slides spotted with hairpin oligonucleotides to demonstrate their potential in a cyclic reversible terminating approach.
In vitro and in vivo intrapulmonary distribution of fluorescently labeled surfactant (2002)

When conventional mechanical ventilation was used in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury, surfactant preferentially distributed into underinflated and aerated alveolar areas. Because surfactant rarely reached collapsed alveolar areas, methods aiding in alveolar recruitment (e.g., open lung concept or body positioning) should precede surfactant administration.
Free radicals generated by radiolysis of aqueous solutions (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTFree radicals generated by radiolysis of aqueous solutionsHarold A. Schwarz Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1981, 58, 2, 101Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1981Published inissue 1 February 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ed058p101Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2742Altmetric-Citations192LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Scaling Binary Images with the Telescoping Template (1982)

The importance of enlarging and reducing two-level images such as graphical and documentary matter by digital means continues to grow as more such images are digitally represented. A nonlinear scaling scheme is devised which exploits the simplicity of this binary nature, treating images logically instead of arithmetically; a convolution-like effect is achieved without a single addition or multiplication! This method yields high-fidelity digital scaling and meets the objectives of being fast, conducive to hardware realization, and void of special pre-encoding requirements.
A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled multicenter trial of murine anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. (1998)

No significant improvement in RA after murine anti-CD4 Mab was observed.
The effect of curcumin (turmeric) on Alzheimer′s disease: An overview (2008)

This paper discusses the effects of curcumin on patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Curcumin (Turmeric), an ancient Indian herb used in curry powder, has been extensively studied in modern medicine and Indian systems of medicine for the treatment of various medical conditions, including cystic fibrosis, haemorrhoids, gastric ulcer, colon cancer, breast cancer, atherosclerosis, liver diseases and arthritis. It has been used in various types of treatments for dementia and traumatic brain injury. Curcumin also has a potential role in the prevention and treatment of AD. Curcumin as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipophilic action improves the cognitive functions in patients with AD. A growing body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress, free radicals, beta amyloid, cerebral deregulation caused by bio-metal toxicity and abnormal inflammatory reactions contribute to the key event in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Due to various effects of curcumin, such as decreased Beta-amyloid plaques, delayed degradation of neurons, metal-chelation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and decreased microglia formation, the overall memory in patients with AD has improved. This paper reviews the various mechanisms of actions of curcumin in AD and pathology.
PROMISE: An End-to-End Design of a Programmable Mixed-Signal Accelerator for Machine-Learning Algorithms (2018)

Analog/mixed-signal machine learning (ML) accelerators exploit the unique computing capability of analog/mixed-signal circuits and inherent error tolerance of ML algorithms to obtain higher energy efficiencies than digital ML accelerators. Unfortunately, these analog/mixed-signal ML accelerators lack programmability, and even instruction set interfaces, to support diverse ML algorithms or to enable essential software control over the energy-vs-accuracy tradeoffs. We propose PROMISE, the first end-to-end design of a PROgrammable MIxed-Signal accElerator from Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) to high-level language compiler for acceleration of diverse ML algorithms. We first identify prevalent operations in widely-used ML algorithms and key constraints in supporting these operations for a programmable mixed-signal accelerator. Second, based on that analysis, we propose an ISA with a PROMISE architecture built with silicon-validated components for mixed-signal operations. Third, we develop a compiler that can take a ML algorithm described in a high-level programming language (Julia) and generate PROMISE code, with an IR design that is both language-neutral and abstracts away unnecessary hardware details. Fourth, we show how the compiler can map an application-level error tolerance specification for neural network applications down to low-level hardware parameters (swing voltages for each application Task) to minimize energy consumption. Our experiments show that PROMISE can accelerate diverse ML algorithms with energy efficiency competitive even with fixed-function digital ASICs for specific ML algorithms, and the compiler optimization achieves significant additional energy savings even for only 1% extra errors.