gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cycling G1 CD34 + /CD38 + Cells Potentiate the Motility and Engraftment of Quiescent G0 CD34 + /CD38 −/low Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Repopulating Cells (2005)

The mechanism of human stem cell expansion ex vivo is not fully understood. Furthermore, little is known about the mechanisms of human stem cell homing/repopulation and the role that differentiating progenitor cells may play in these processes. We report that 2- to 3-day in vitro cytokine stimulation of human cord blood CD34(+)-enriched cells induces the production of short-term repopulating, cycling G1 CD34(+)/CD38(+) cells with increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 secretion as well as increased migration capacity to the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and homing to the bone marrow of irradiated nonobese diabetic severe/combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. These cycling G1 cells enhance SDF-1-mediated in vitro migration and in vivo homing of quiescent G0 CD34(+) cells, which is partially abrogated after inhibition of MMP-2/-9 activity. Moreover, the engraftment potential of quiescent G0 SCID repopulating cells (SRCs) is also increased by the cycling G1 CD34(+)/CD38(+) cells. This effect is significantly abrogated after incubation of cycling G1 cells with a neutralizing anti-CXCR4 antibody. Our data suggest synergistic interactions between accessory cycling G1 CD34(+)/CD38(+) committed progenitor cells and quiescent, primitive G0 CD34(+)/CD38(-/low) SRC/stem cells, the former increasing the motility and engraftment potential of the latter, partly via secretion of MMP-9.
The Quest Data mining System (1996)

The goal of the Quest project at the IBM Almaden Research center is to develop technology to enable a new breed of data-intensive decision-support applications. This paper is a capsule summary of the current
Cancer development induced by graded expression of Snail in mice (2005)

The zinc-finger transcription factor Snail is believed to trigger epithelial -mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) during cancer progression. This idea is supported by analysis of Snail knockout mice, which uncovered crucial role of Snail in gastrulation, and of individuals with cancer, in whom Snail expression is frequently upregulated. However, these results have not shown a direct link between Snail and the pathogenesis of cancer. Here we show that mice carrying hypomorphic tetracycline-repressible Snail transgenes, that increase Snail expression to 20% above normal levels, exhibit no morphological alterations and develop both epithelial and mesenchymal tumours (leukaemias). Suppression of the Snail transgene did not rescue the malignant phenotype, indicating that alterations induced by Snail are irreversible. CombitTA-Snail murine embryonic fibroblasts show similar migratory ability to that of control mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). However, CombitTA-Snail-MEFs induce tumour formation in nude mice. CombitTA-Snail expression results in increased radioprotection in vivo, although it does not affect p53 regulation in response to DNA damage. In concert with these results, Snail expression is repressed following DNA damage. This regulation of Snail by DNA damage is p53-independent. Our results connect DNA damage with the requirement of a critical level of an EMT regulator and provide genetic evidence that Snail plays essential roles in cancer development in mammals and thereby influences cell fate in the genotoxic stress response.
Mechanisms of AXL overexpression and function in Imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells (2011)

AXL is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the TAM family, the function of which is poorly understood. We previously identified AXL overexpression in Imatinib (IM)-resistant CML cell lines and patients. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of AXL and the mechanisms underlying AXL overexpression in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI)-resistant CML cells. We present evidence that high AXL expression level is a feature of TKI-resistant CML cells and knockdown of AXL sensitized TKI-resistant cells to IM. In addition, expression of wild-type AXL but not a dominant negative form of AXL confers IM-sensitive CML cells the capacity to resist IM effect. AXL overexpression required PKCα and β and constitutive activation of ERK1/2. Accordingly, GF109203X a PKC inhibitor, U0126 a MEK1 inhibitor and PKCα/β knockdown restore sensitivity to IM while PKCα or PKCβ overexpression in CML cells promotes protection against IM-induced cell death. Finally, using luciferase promoter activity assays we established that AXL is regulated transcriptionally through the AP1 transcription factor. Our findings reveal an unexpected role of AXL in resistance to TKI in CML cells, identify the molecular mechanisms involved in its overexpression and support the notion that AXL is a new marker of resistance to TKI in CML.
Developing a Computational Radial Basis Function (RBF) Architecture for Nonlinear Scattered Color Data (2006)

The paper describes a nonlinear approach for constructing color conversions based on radial basis functions (RBFs). The RBF is embedded in a two-layer structure that uses a linear transfer function for the output units and a nonlinear transfer function for the hidden units. RBFs are popular for interpolating scattered data as the associated system of linear equations is guaranteed to be invertible under very mild conditions on the locations of the data points. In particular, RBFs do not require that the data lie on any sort of regular grid. The purpose of using RBFs in color conversion is to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and performance of optimization and interpolation for high-dimensional non-linear scattering data. This approach is practical with color conversions for color devices, which have nonlinear behavior, for example, color printers. Preliminary results have shown that the RBF color mapping technique can be very effective in reducing the maximum errors of color conversions. In one experiment we observed that the maximum error was reduced by half.
Clinical deep brain stimulation region prediction using regression forests from high-field MRI (2015)

This paper presents a prediction framework of brain subcortical structures which are invisible on clinical low-field MRI, learning detailed information from ultrahigh-field MR training data. Volumetric segmentation of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) structures within the Basal ganglia is a prerequisite process for reliable DBS surgery. While ultrahigh-field MR imaging (7 Tesla) allows direct visualization of DBS targeting structures, such ultrahigh-fields are not always clinically available, and therefore the relevant structures need to be predicted from the clinical data. We address the shape prediction problem with a regression forest, non-linearly mapping predictors to target structures with high confidence, exploiting ultrahigh-field MR training data. We consider an application for the subthalamic nucleus (STN) prediction as a crucial DBS target. Experimental results on Parkinson's patients validate that the proposed approach enables reliable estimation of the STN from clinical 1.5T MRI.
Vancomycin Administration into the Cerebrospinal Fluid: A Review (1993)

OBJECTIVE: To discuss administering vancomycin directly into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to treat serious central nervous system (CNS) infections. DATA SOURCES: References were obtained through an online search of MEDLINE, limited to material published in English. In addition, information was extracted from clinical trials, review articles, abstracts, and textbooks. STUDY SELECTION: Systematic evaluation of this topic in humans has not been done in a prospective manner. Related research articles describing the pathophysiology of CNS infections, intrathecal drug administration, and case reports of CSF vancomycin administration were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Case reports regarding CSF vancomycin dosing were evaluated and included: Drug dosing, infecting organism, infectious disease state, infectious outcome, CSF dynamics/flow abnormalities, methods of drug administration, drug monitoring, and toxicities. DATA SYNTHESIS: The results of this review are based on qualitative evaluations of anecdotal case reports and a basic understanding of intrathecal and intraventricular drug dosing principles. CSF administration of vancomycin is an effective means of bypassing the blood-brain barrier to achieve greater drug concentrations within the CSF. Current limitations to the CSF administration of vancomycin include a lack of data describing its safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSIONS: CNS infections may require the CSF administration of vancomycin for successful eradication. Recommendations for dosing in the literature vary. Because of the potential toxicities associated with elevated CSF concentrations of vancomycin, dosing should be conservative.
Ionic Strength and Composition Affect the Mobility of Surface-Modified Fe0 Nanoparticles in Water-Saturated Sand Columns (2008)

The surfaces of nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) used for groundwater remediation must be modified to be mobile in the subsurface for emplacement. Adsorbed polymers and surfactants can electrostatically, sterically, or electrosterically stabilize nanoparticle suspensions in water, but their efficacy will depend on groundwater ionic strength and cation type as well as physical and chemical heterogeneities of the aquifer material. Here, the effect of ionic strength and cation type on the mobility of bare, polymer-, and surfactant-modified NZVI is evaluated in water-saturated sand columns at low particle concentrations where filtration theory is applicable. NZVI surface modifiers include a high molecular weight (MW) (125 kg/mol) poly(methacrylic acid)-b-(methyl methacrylate)-b-(styrene sulfonate) triblock copolymer (PMAA-PMMA-PSS), polyaspartate which is a low MW (2-3 kg/mol) biopolymer, and the surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS, MW = 348.5 g/mol). Bare NZVI with an apparent zeta-potential of -30 +/- 3 mV was immobile. Polyaspartate-modified nanoiron (MRNIP) with an apparent zeta-potential of -39 +/- 1 mV was mobile at low ionic strengths (< 40 mM for Na+ and < 0.5 mM for Ca2+), and had a critical deposition concentration (CDC) of approximately 770 mM Na+ and approximately 4 mM for Ca2+. SDBS-modified NZVI with a similar apparent zeta-potential (-38.3 +/- 0.9 mV) showed similar behavior (CDC approximately 350 mM for Na+ and approximately 3.5 mM for Ca2+). Triblock copolymer-modified NZVI had the highest apparent zeta-potential (-50 +/- 1.2 mV), the greatest mobility in porous media, and a CDC of approximately 4 M for Na+ and approximately 100s of mM for Ca2+. The high mobility and CDC is attributed to the electrosteric stabilization afforded by the triblock copolymer but not the other modifiers which provide primarily electrostatic stabilization. Thus, electrosteric stabilization provides the best resistance to changing electrolyte conditions likely to be encountered in real groundwater aquifers, and may provide transport distances of 10s to 100s of meters in unconsolidated sandy aquifers at injection velocities used for emplacement.
The Caspase-3 Precursor Has a Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Distribution: Implications for Apoptotic Signaling (1998)

Caspase-3-mediated proteolysis is a critical element of the apoptotic process. Recent studies have demonstrated a central role for mitochondrial proteins (e.g., Bcl-2 and cytochrome c) in the activation of caspase-3, by a process that involves interaction of several protein molecules. Using antibodies that specifically recognize the precursor form of caspase-3, we demonstrate that the caspase-3 proenzyme has a mitochondrial and cytosolic distribution in nonapoptotic cells. The mitochondrial caspase-3 precursor is contained in the intermembrane space. Delivery of a variety of apoptotic stimuli is accompanied by loss of mitochondrial caspase-3 precursor staining and appearance of caspase-3 proteolytic activity. We propose that the mitochondrial subpopulation of caspase-3 precursor molecules is coupled to a distinct subset of apoptotic signaling pathways that are Bcl-2 sensitive and that are transduced through multiple mitochondrion-specific protein interactions.
Detection and Identification of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Protein Related to Obesity in New Zealand Obese Mouse. (2001)

New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse, a genetic model of obesity, shows hyperphagia, hyperinsulinemia and leptin resistance. We analyzed subcutaneous adipose tissue proteins in NZO mice with a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique followed by protein sequence analysis. NZO mice showed hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was inspected in NZO and C57BL/6J lean mice. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis detected 4 spots which were obviously reduced in NZO mice. Those spots were p26, p19, p18 and p15. Internal sequences of the p26 and p15 protein were homologous with those of carbonic anhydrase III, p19 was cytochrome b5, p18 was superoxide dismutase. Serum arachidonic acid level in NZO mice was lower by 80% of C57BL/6J mice. The present study demonstrated the reduction of several enzymes related to lipid metabolism in NZO mice. These data raises the hypothesis that the supposed changes of membrane fluidity caused by altered membrane lipid content may involve central leptin resistance of this model of obesity.
Refractive indices and absorption coefficients of MgxZn1−xO alloys (2000)

Indices of refraction for MgxZn1−xO epitaxial films grown by pulsed-laser deposition on sapphire substrates with x up to 0.36 were determined in the range of wavelength 457–968 nm by analysis of optical transmission spectra and prism-coupled waveguide measurements. The dispersion follows the first-order Sellmeier dispersion equation. Absorption coefficients, exciton energy gaps, and binding energies of MgxZn1−xO alloys were determined by transmission spectroscopy. The excitonic absorption features were clearly visible at room temperature despite alloy broadening. These results provide important information for the design and modeling of ZnO/MgZnO heterostructure optoelectronic devices.
Cancer Stem Cell as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2012)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common human cancers. HCC is a chemoresistant cancer and the current drug therapy has limited efficacy. As a result, the prognosis of HCC patients is generally poor. Recent studies have demonstrated that a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell properties, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), are responsible for growth and metastasis of cancer. CSCs characterized by several markers including CD133, CD44, CD90, OV6, Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and CD13 have been isolated from different human HCC cell lines or specimens. CSCs share many of the signaling pathways found in normal stem cells, such as Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch and Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathways. These pathways are involved in self-renewal, differentiation and survival of CSCs. There is evidence of deregulation of these pathways in HCC CSCs. MicroRNAs also play an important role in regulating signaling pathways in HCC, and recent data suggested an important role of microRNA in CSCs of HCC. Therapeutic targeting of CSCs may provide a novel strategy that is more effective than the current drugs targeting the bulk mature cancer cells in treatment of HCC. Keywords: Cancer stem cells, hepatocellular carcinoma, molecular signaling pathways, targeted therapy, multidrug resistance 1, multidrug resistance-associated protein-1, multidrug resistance-associated protein-3, breast cancer resistance protein, ATP-binding cassette, adenomatous polyposis coli, adenosine triphosphate, bone morphogenetic proteins, chronic myeloid leukemia, cancer stem cells, Delta-like ligands
Stator Current and Motor Efficiency as Indicators for Different Types of Bearing Faults in Induction Motors (2009)

This paper proposes a new approach to use stator current and efficiency of induction motors as indicators of rolling-bearing faults. After a presentation of the state of the art about condition monitoring of vibration and motor current for the diagnostics of bearings, this paper illustrates the experimental results on four different types of bearing defects: crack in the outer race, hole in the outer race, deformation of the seal, and corrosion. The first and third faults have not been previously considered in the literature, with the latter being analyzed in other research works, even if obtained in a different way. Another novelty introduced by this paper is the analysis of the decrease in efficiency of the motor with a double purpose: as alarm of incipient faults and as evaluation of the extent of energy waste resulting from the lasting of the fault condition before the breakdown of the machine.
Retrograde Amnesia for Spatial Memory Induced by NMDA Receptor-Mediated Long-Term Potentiation (2001)

If information is stored as distributed patterns of synaptic weights in the hippocampal formation, retention should be vulnerable to electrically induced long-term potentiation (LTP) of hippocampal synapses after learning. This prediction was tested by training animals in a spatial water maze task and then delivering bursts of high-frequency (HF) or control stimulation to the perforant path in the angular bundle. High-frequency stimulation induced LTP in the dentate gyrus and probably also at other hippocampal termination sites. Retention in a later probe test was disrupted. When the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP) was administered before the high-frequency stimulation, water maze retention was unimpaired. CPP administration blocked the induction of LTP. Thus, high-frequency stimulation of hippocampal afferents disrupts memory retention only when it induces a change in the spatial pattern of synaptic weights. The NMDA receptor dependency of this retrograde amnesia is consistent with the synaptic plasticity and memory hypothesis.
Weed Control in Rice (Oryza sativa) with Quinclorac and Bensulfuron Coating of Granular Herbicides and Fertilizer (1995)

Weed control with thiobencarb, molinate, or fertilizer granules coated with quinclorac or bensulfuron was evaluated in 1992 and 1993. With thiobencarb or fertilizer granules, less than 55% control of 4-leaf junglerice was obtained, regardless of additional herbicide coating. Coating thiobencarb or fertilizer granules with quinclorac at 550 g ai/ha increased junglerice control, but was not satisfactory. Molinate granules at 4.4 kg ai/ha controlled junglerice at least 81% and improved rice yields over fertilizer or thiobencarb granules. Fertilizer coated with bensulfuron at 111 g ai/ha controlled ducksalad 86 to 96%.
Cluster and chronic daily headache (2003)

Cluster headache, although relatively uncommon, is one of the most painful primary headache disorders. Approximately 90%of affected individuals experience daily attacks for several weeks to months (cluster periods) separated by attack-free intervals lasting for months to years (remission periods). The other 10% of sufferers exhibit a more chronic pattern marked by attacks that persist for longer than 1 year with no remission or only short periods of remission. The most striking feature of cluster headache is its circadian and circannual periodicity, which has implicated the hypothalamic pacemaker (the suprachiasmatic nucleus) in the pathogenesis of the disorder. The unique attack profile of cluster headache mandates the use of rapid-acting symptomatic therapy, such as oxygen or subcutaneous sumatriptan. Preventive treatment is two-pronged and consists of transitional treatment, usually with prednisone, to produce rapid suppression of attacks, and maintenance treatment (typically with verapamil) for the expected duration of the cluster period. Chronic daily headache (CDH) is defined as a headache that occurs for at least 15 days per month and for at least 4 hours per day. The prevalence of CDH is only 4% in the general population but is as high as 80% in headache clinic populations. More than three quarters of patients with CDH have chronic (transformed) migraine. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of CDH remain undetermined. Pharmacotherapy is aimed at relieving daily pain and periodic superimposed acute migraine attacks. Aggressive treatment is required for rebound syndromes, and hospitalization is sometimes required for particularly difficult cases.
Interleukin 12 synergizes with B7/CD28 interaction in inducing efficient proliferation and cytokine production of human T cells. (1994)

Several receptors and counter-receptor pairs on T cells and on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) deliver costimulatory signals to T cells during antigen presentation. The CD28 receptor on T cells with its ligand B7 represents one of the best characterized and most important examples of this costimulation. We show here that interleukin 12 (IL-12), a cytokine also produced by APCs (monocyte/macrophages and B cells) and active on T and natural killer cells, has a strong synergistic effect with the B7/CD28 interaction in inducing proliferation and cytokine production in both mitogen-activated and freshly isolated peripheral blood T cells. Together with anti-CD28 antibodies, IL-12 induces proliferation of T cells to levels higher than those obtained with IL-2 stimulation and it is effective at IL-12 concentrations 100- to 1,000-fold lower than effective concentrations of IL-2. The proliferative effect of anti-CD28 and IL-12 is resistant to moderate doses of cyclosporin A and is largely independent of endogenous IL-2, IL-12, in synergy with anti-CD28 or B7-transfected cells, is most effective in inducing interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production, but production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor is also observed. IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is inhibited by the chimeric molecule CTLA-4 immunoglobulin, which prevents binding of CD28 to B7, suggesting that endogenous B7 on the mononuclear cells and IL-12 cooperate in inducing IFN-gamma production. IL-10 inhibits both IL-12 production and B7 expression on monocytes. These two effects are largely responsible for the ability of IL-10, acting on accessory cells, to inhibit IFN-gamma production by lymphocytes, because anti-CD28 antibodies and IL-12 can reverse the inhibitory effect of IL-10 on IFN-gamma production. Our results in vitro suggest that the synergy between B7 and IL-12, a surface antigen and a soluble product of APCs, respectively, plays a role in regulating T cell activation and immune response in the microenvironment of inflamed tissues.
Comparative efficacy of 24‐hour and 16‐hour transdermal nicotine patches for relief of morning craving (2000)

These findings demonstrate that 24-hour dosing with a 21 mg patch affords superior relief of craving and withdrawal during the first 2 weeks of abstinence, when symptoms are at their peak, and when relapse is most likely. They confirm the importance of dosing parameters in nicotine replacement products.