gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concentrations of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI), acute phase proteins, and neopterin in Crohn's disease. Comparison with clinical disease activity and endoscopical findings (1993)

The usefulness of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) as a marker of chronic inflammation was studied in patients with Crohn's disease. Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor was compared with other laboratory tests (C-reactive protein, orosomucoid, and urinary neopterin), for evaluation of disease activity as measured by a clinical scoring system and endoscopical findings. The clinical utility of the tests was compared by four different methods. All tests showed significant differences in laboratory values between inactive and severely active disease. Using earlier established cut-off values PSTI showed the best combination of sensitivity and specificity for differentiation between inactive and severely active disease. When the efficacy of the test was compared by ROC-curve analysis, neopterin and orosomucoid produced the best combination of sensitivity and specificity, but for both assays the earlier established cut-off levels were too high for optimal separation between active and inactive disease. There was a poor agreement between endoscopically and clinically determined disease activity and the laboratory tests correlated better with clinical activity. The present study shows that serum PSTI reflects changes in the clinical activity of Crohn's disease equally well as C-reactive protein, which previously has been found to be an useful index of disease activity.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid for the Treatment of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (2007)

A 52-year-old woman receives a diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid is recommended. Therapy with this drug appears to prolong transplantation-free survival, although the mechanism of benefit is unclear.
Polysaccharides in Lichens and Fungi. III. Further Investigation on the Structures and the Antitumor Activity of the Polysaccharides from Gyrophora esculenta MIYOSHI and Lasallia papulosa LLANO (1969)

The acyl group attached to the antitumor active polysaccharide (GE-3) isolated from G. esculenta has been identified as O-acetyl, and the content was determined to be about 2%. The O-acetyl groups were located in the 3-position of the glucose units by employing the method of Bouveng. The molecular weight of the polysaccharide was calculated to be approximately 20000 by equilibrium ultracentrifugation. The antitumor effects of some derivatives of GE-3 were tested against the implanted sarcoma-180. The results suggested that the O-acetyl groups are concerned in the antitumor activity. The identity of the polysaccharide isolated from L. papulosa with GE-3 has been further extended, since the acyl group attached to the former was also proved to be O-acetyl.
Bacterial long-chain fatty acid transport. Identification of amino acid residues within the outer membrane protein FadL required for activity (1993)

The outer membrane protein FadL (product of the fadL gene) of Escherichia coli is required for the specific binding and transport of exogenous long-chain fatty acids prior to metabolic utilization. The carboxyl end of FadL has been proposed to play a crucial role by facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids. In an attempt to define specific amino acid residues within carboxyl region of FadL essential for activity, a series of deletion and point mutations within the 3' end of the fadL+ gene have been constructed and characterized. These fadL mutants were classified into three categories based on functional properties attributable to the altered FadL proteins: (i) those that had essentially wild-type levels of long-chain fatty acid binding and transport, (ii) those that had wild-type levels of long-chain fatty acid binding but were defective in transport, and (iii) those that were defective for both long-chain fatty acid binding and transport. These findings demonstrate that amino acid residues Phe448, Pro428, Val410, and Ser397 are required for optimal levels of long-chain fatty acid transport and that amino acid residues Pro428 and Val410 are essential for long-chain fatty acid binding.
FGF-4 maintains polarizing activity of posterior limb bud cells in vivo and in vitro (1993)

The polarizing region is a major signalling tissue involved in patterning the tissues of the vertebrate limb. The polarizing region is located at the posterior margin of the limb bud and can be recognized by its ability to induce additional digits when grafted to the anterior margin of a chick limb bud. The signal from the polarizing region operates at the tip of the bud in the progress zone, a zone of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, maintained by interactions with the apical ectodermal ridge. A number of observations have pointed to a link between the apical ectodermal ridge and signalling by the polarizing region. To test this possibility, we removed the posterior apical ectodermal ridge of chick wing buds and assayed posterior mesenchyme for polarizing activity. When the apical ectodermal ridge is removed, there is a marked decrease in polarizing activity of posterior cells. The posterior apical ectodermal ridge is known to express FGF-4 and we show that the decrease in polarizing activity of posterior cells of wing buds that normally follows ridge removal can be prevented by implanting a FGF-4-soaked bead. Furthermore, we show that both ectoderm and FGF-4 maintain polarizing activity of limb bud cells in culture.
Adaptive Online Learning Algorithms for Blind Separation: Maximum Entropy and Minimum Mutual Information (1997)

There are two major approaches for blind separation: maximum entropy (ME) and minimum mutual information (MMI). Both can be implemented by the stochastic gradient descent method for obtaining the demixing matrix. The MI is the contrast function for blind separation; the entropy is not. To justify the ME, the relation between ME and MMI is first elucidated by calculating the first derivative of the entropy and proving that the mean subtraction is necessary in applying the ME and at the solution points determined by the MI, the ME will not update the demixing matrix in the directions of increasing the cross-talking. Second, the natural gradient instead of the ordinary gradient is introduced to obtain efficient algorithms, because the parameter space is a Riemannian space consisting of matrices. The mutual information is calculated by applying the Gram-Charlier expansion to approximate probability density functions of the outputs. Finally, we propose an efficient learning algorithm that incorporates with an adaptive method of estimating the unknown cumulants. It is shown by computer simulation that the convergence of the stochastic descent algorithms is improved by using the natural gradient and the adaptively estimated cumulants.
Early Detection of Melanoma (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interleukin 13, a T-cell-derived cytokine that regulates human monocyte and B-cell function. (1993)

We have isolated the human cDNA homologue of a mouse helper T-cell-specific cDNA sequence, called P600, from an activated human T-cell cDNA library. The human cDNA encodes a secreted, mainly unglycosylated, protein with a relative molecular mass of approximately 10,000. We show that the human and mouse proteins cause extensive morphological changes to human monocytes with an associated up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and the low-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc epsilon RII or CD23). In addition, they stimulate proliferation of human B cells that have been activated by anti-IgM antibodies or by anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies presented by a mouse Ltk- cell line transfected with CDw32. Furthermore, the human protein induced considerable levels of IgM and IgG, but no IgA production, in cultures in which highly purified human surface IgD+ or total B cells were cocultured with an activated CD4+ T-cell clone. Based on these findings, we propose that this immunoregulatory protein be designated interleukin 13.
Elevated serum ribonuclease in patients with pancreatic cancer. (1976)

Serum RNase (ribonuclease) of normal persons and of patients with pancreatitis, carcinoma of pancreas, or other neoplasms was determined with poly(C) as substrate. Strikingly abnormal elevations occur in the serum RNase of patients with pancreatic cancer. There is no elevation in the serum RNase level of patients with pancreatitis. Average serum RNase values of 52 normal persons, 10 patients with pancreatitis, 30 patients with pancreatic cancer, 28 patients with breast cancer, 11 patients with lung cancer, 20 patients with colon cancer, six patients with stomach cancer, and four patients with liver cancer, respectively, were 104, 120, 383, 131, 173, 197, 194, and 152 units/ml of serum. Ninety percent of the patients with pancreatic cancer were above the level of 250 units of serum and 90% of all patients with varied cancers were below this level. In the presence of severe renal insufficiency, marked elevation of serum RNase was also observed. Serum RNase, because of its unique specificity, pancreatic origin, and its abnormal elevation in sera of patients with pancreatic cancer, serves as a reliable biochemical marker of carcinoma of the pancreas in the presence of normal renal function.
Glutamate receptors in pediatric tumors of the central nervous system (2010)

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Experimental evidence indicates that glutamate receptor antagonists may limit tumor growth. This study explores expression of glutamate receptor subunits in pediatric CNS tumors. Samples from eight ependymomas, four glioblastomas, six medulloblastomas and eight low grade astrocytomas were analysed. RNA was used for semiquantitative and quantitative RT-PCR. We examined expression of NMDA receptor subunits NR1-NR3B, AMPA receptor subunits GluR1-GluR4, kainate receptor subunits GluR5-GluR7, KA1, KA2 and metabotropic receptor subunits mGluR1-8. Paraffin embedded samples were immunohistochemically stained for selected subunits. All glutamate receptor subunits were differentially expressed in the tumors examined. Expression of NR2D, NR3A, KA1, GluR4, mGluR1, mGluR4, mGluR5 and mGluR6 was higher in the high grade tumors compared to human brain (HB). In low grade astrocytomas expression of glutamate receptor subunits was comparable or lower than in HB. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of several glutamate receptor subunit proteins in tumor specimen. This study demonstrates expression of glutamate receptor subunits in pediatric CNS tumors. Together with experimental evidence indicating that interference with glutamate signalling may suppress tumor growth, our findings suggest that adjunctive treatment with glutamate receptor modulators may be a feasible therapeutic option for pediatric patients with CNS tumors.
Sodium Channel Block With Mexiletine Is Effective in Reducing Dispersion of Repolarization and Preventing Torsade de Pointes in LQT2 and LQT3 Models of the Long-QT Syndrome (1997)

Our results suggest that although pacing and sodium channel block are very effective in abbreviating the QT interval and TDR in LQT3, these therapeutic approaches may also be valuable in reducing the incidence of arrhythmogenesis in LQT2.
Sequence Requirements for Coiled-Coils: Analysis with λ Repressor-GCN4 Leucine Zipper Fusions (1990)

A genetic system was developed in Escherichia coli to study leucine zippers with the amino-terminal domain of bacteriophage lambda repressor as a reporter for dimerization. This system was used to analyze the importance of the amino acid side chains at eight positions that form the hydrophobic interface of the leucine zipper dimer from the yeast transcriptional activator, GCN4. When single amino acid substitutions were analyzed, most functional variants contained hydrophobic residues at the dimer interface, while most nonfunctional sequence variants contained strongly polar or helix-breaking residues. In multiple randomization experiments, however, many combinations of hydrophobic residues were found to be nonfunctional, and leucines in the heptad repeat were shown to have a special function in leucine zipper dimerization.
Antigenic Properties of Rabies Virus Components (1973)

Abstract The envelope glycoprotein of rabies virus was shown to be the antigen responsible for the induction of virus neutralizing (VN) antibody formation and for the protection of animals against subsequent challenge with rabies virus. Preparation of two other envelope proteins and of the nucleocapsid protein, derived from disrupted virions, induced the formation of only low levels of VN antibody and protection of animals against rabies, which could be explained by the amount of residual glycoprotein present in these preparations. Purified preparations of free viral nucleocapsid, isolated from infected cells, did not induce VN antibody formation, but elicited, in immunized animals, the formation of antibodies demonstrable by complement fixation or fluorescent antibody tests.
Incidence and characteristics of viral community-acquired pneumonia in adults (2007)

Virus-associated CAP is common in adults. Polymicrobial infections involving bacterial and viral pathogens are frequent and may be associated with severe pneumonia.
Structure and function of small arteries (1990)

The small arteries (prearteriolar vessels with lumen diameter less than approximately 500 microns) contribute importantly to and participate actively in the regulation of the peripheral resistance. New techniques, building on the classic histological and hemodynamic techniques, have enabled detailed in vitro investigation of small arteries. At present, research in small arteries is in its infancy, and our understanding of the heterogeneity of small arteries within vascular beds, between vascular beds, and between species is extremely limited. This review attempts to describe the current status of the field. New techniques, based primarily on a wire myograph (where the vessels are mounted as ring preparations) and a pressure myograph (where vessels are cannulated and pressure-lumen relations are determined), have allowed in vitro investigations of small arteries. The more physiological arrangement of the pressure myograph allows, for example, investigation of the vasoconstrictor response to raised intravascular pressure (the Bayliss response), whereas the less-sophisticated wire myograph is similar to use and may be more useful in certain situations where particular mechanisms are being investigated. Both techniques allow simultaneous measurements of vessel tone and a variety of parameters (e.g., membrane potential and intracellular ion activities) and thus allow precise determination of the relation between small artery structure and function. The vessels appear to remain fully viable with regard to the contractility of their smooth muscle cells as well as to the function of their perivascular nerves and their endothelium. The evidence suggests that the monovalent transport mechanisms in the plasma membrane, in particular potassium channels, play an important role in the determination of the membrane potential in small arteries, although the relation is more complex than indicated by the Goldman equation. Confirmation of these findings requires, however, simultaneous determinations of ion transport and vascular tone under conditions where vessels are subjected to mechanical loading. The membrane potential, through its effect on potential-dependent calcium channels, plays an important role in the determination of vascular tone. With regard to calcium homeostasis, current knowledge is hampered by the lack of direct measurements of the relation between cytoplasmic calcium and vascular tone. The evidence, however, suggests that besides potential-dependent calcium channels, receptor-operated calcium channels are present in the plasma membrane, although this still requires confirmation. The role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is not clarified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Inhibition of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1—Transcription Coactivator Interaction by a Hydrogen Bond Surrogate α-Helix (2009)

Designed ligands that inhibit hypoxia-inducible gene expression could offer new tools for genomic research and, potentially, drug discovery efforts for the treatment of neovascularization in cancers. We report a stabilized alpha-helix designed to target the binding interface between the C-terminal transactivation domain (C-TAD) of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and cysteine-histidine rich region (CH1) of transcriptional coactivator CBP/p300. The synthetic helix disrupts the structure and function of this complex, resulting in a rapid downregulation of two hypoxia-inducible genes (VEGF and GLUT1) in cell culture.
256×256 CMOS active pixel sensor camera-on-a-chip (1996)

A CMOS imaging sensor is described that uses active pixel sensor (APS) technology and permits the integration of the detector array with on-chip timing, control, and signal chain electronics. This sensor technology has been used to implement a CMOS APS camera-on-a-chip. The camera-on-a-chip features a 256/spl times/256 APS sensor integrated on a CMOS chip with the timing and control circuits, and signal-conditioning to enable random-access, low power (/spl sim/5 mW) operation, and low read noise (13 e/sup -/ rms). The chip features simple power supplies, fast readout rates, and a digital interface for commanding the sensor, as well as for programming the window-of-interest readout and exposure times. Excellent imaging has been demonstrated with the APS camera-on-a-chip, and the measured performance indicates that this technology will be competitive with charge-coupled devices (CCD's) in many applications.
Silicon 1x2 digital optical switch using plasmadispersion (1994)

The first silicon 1×2 digital optical waveguide switch which relies on free-carrier plasma dispersion and waveguide-vanishing effect is demonstrated. Operation is demonstrated at a wavelength of 1.3µm.
Low Intensity and Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Selectively Impair Breast Cancer Cell Viability (2013)

Based on our data it appears that PEMF-based anticancer strategies may represent a new therapeutic approach to treat breast cancer without affecting normal tissues in a manner that is non-invasive and can be potentially combined with existing anti-cancer treatments.
Increased T cell expression of CD154 (CD40‐ligand) in multiple sclerosis (2001)

CD154 (CD40-ligand, gp39), expressed on activated T cells, is crucial in T cell-dependent immune responses and may be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). We studied cerebro-spinal fluid and peripheral blood T cell expression of CD154 in MS by flow cytometry. Patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) had constitutive CD154 expression on CD4 and CD8 T cells in blood. Constitutive CD154 expression was not observed in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) or clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) suggestive of demyelinating disease. After ex vivo activation CD154 was, however, expressed on a higher percentage of T cells from patients with CIS or RRMS than from healthy control subjects. These results suggest involvement of CD154 in the pathogenesis of MS, and the shift from a relapsing-remitting to a secondary progressive disease course may be associated with constitutive, systemic CD154 expression.
The use of plasma melatonin levels and light in the assessment and treatment of chronobiologic sleep and mood disorders. (1986)

Using the highly accurate and sensitive gas chromatographic-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometric assay for plasma melatonin we have measured plasma melatonin in humans as a biological marker for 24-hour (circadian) and seasonal rhythms and the effects of light on these rhythms. We propose that there are at least three critical parameters for light to be chronobiologically active in humans: intensity, wavelength and timing. With regard to timing, we have found that bright light exposure in the morning advances circadian rhythms (shifts them to an earlier time) and bright light in the evening delays them (shifts them to a later time). We have suggested that chronobiologic sleep and mood disorders be "phase typed" into either the phase advance subtype or the phase delayed subtype and that these disorders can then be treated with either evening light (for phase advanced disorders) or morning light (for phase delayed disorders). Regarding the function of melatonin in humans, we have preliminary evidence that it may participate in the regulation of the circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure.
Projections of Alzheimer's disease in the United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset. (1998)

As the US population ages, Alzheimer's disease will become an enormous public health problem. interventions that could delay disease onset even modestly would have a major public health impact.
Anticholinergic drugs versus non-drug active therapies for non-neurogenic overactive bladder syndrome in adults (2012)

The use of anticholinergic drugs in the management of overactive bladder syndrome is well established when compared to placebo treatment. During initial treatment of overactive bladder syndrome there was more symptomatic improvement when (a) anticholinergics were compared with bladder training alone, and (b) anticholinergics combined with bladder training were compared with bladder training alone. Limited evidence from small trials might suggest electrical stimulation is a better option in patients who are refractory to anticholinergic therapy, but more evidence comparing individual types of electrostimulation to the most effective types of anticholinergics is required to establish this. These results should be viewed with caution in view of the different classes and varying doses of individual anticholinergics used in this review. Anticholinergics had well recognised side effects, such as dry mouth.