gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spoken Language Understanding for Natural Interaction: The Siri Experience. (2012)

Recent advances in software integration and efforts toward more personalization and context awareness have brought closer the long-standing vision of the ubiquitous intelligent personal assistant. This has become particularly salient in the context of smartphones and electronic tablets, where natural language interaction has the potential to considerably enhance mobile experience. Far beyond merely offering more options in terms of user interface, this trend may well usher in a genuine paradigm shift in man-machine communication. This contribution reviews the two major semantic interpretation frameworks underpinning natural language interaction, along with their respective advantages and drawbacks. It then discusses the choices made in Siri, Apple’s personal assistant on the iOS platform, and speculates on how the current implementation might evolve in the near future to best mitigate any downside.
Flumazenil effects on growth hormone response to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (1994)

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) has been recently introduced for alcohol detoxication but few data are available concerning the central mechanism of action of this gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) catabolite. GHBA ability to stimulate growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion has been reported: the involvement of GABA, dopamine or serotonin systems acting on pituitary hormones has been hypothesized. In the present study we investigated GH and PRL responses to GHBA with or without flumazenil (a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist) i.v. pretreatment. Our study included nine male healthy volunteers (aged 23.2 +/- 2.5 years) who were submitted to three tests in random order: (1) oral GHB administration; (2) oral GHBA and i.v. flumazenil administration; (3) oral placebo and i.v. saline administration. Blood samples for GH and PRL assays were collected during the three tests at -15, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. GHBA induced a significant increase in GH plasma levels; flumazenil pretreatment antagonized GHBA action on GH secretion. No changes were obtained with placebo and saline administration. A subpopulation of GABA receptors or GHBA-specific receptors seems to be involved in GHBA action. The benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil was able to influence the sensitivity and the neuroendocrine consequences of GHBA binding site stimulation.
Main Chain Ferrocenyl Amides from 1‐Aminoferrocene‐1′‐carboxylic Acid (2004)

Abstract The non‐natural amino acid 1‐aminoferrocene‐1′‐carboxylic acid is synthesised from ferrocene in eight steps. The folding and association phenomena of amido‐substituted ferrocenes in the crystal as well as in solution are studied by X‐ray crystallography, IR and NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The amino acid is selectively protected at the amino group with the use of the fluorenyl‐9‐methoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group. An amide‐linked ferrocene dimer is prepared using the HOBt/DCC protocol for amide formation. In the crystal the dimer forms a hydrogen‐bonded sheet structure, while in solution dynamic intramolecular hydrogen bonds are observed by VT 1 H NMR and IR spectroscopy. The dynamic flipping process has been rationalised by DFT calculations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Using Geospatial Information in Sensor Networks (2001)

This paper describes several ways sensor networks can ben-efit from geospatial information and identifies two research directions. First, better models of localization error, logi-cal location, and communications costs are required to un-derstand the interactions between spatial information and control and communications algorithms in sensor networks. Second, wider use of spatial information in densely de-ployed sensor networks will move sensor networking ap-plications from simple tracking to object counting and area monitoring, and can enable data mining techniques sensor networks to accomplish “spatial sensor mining”. 1
Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Study of Incidence and Its Association With Pathological Features and Clinical Outcome (2002)

Our results indicate a high frequency of STAT3 activation in renal cell carcinoma, especially in metastatic disease. STAT3 activation was an independent prognostic variable in renal cell carcinoma cases. Our results strongly suggest that the activation of STAT3 contributes to the development and progression of renal cell carcinoma.
Osteoimmunology at the nexus of arthritis, osteoporosis, cancer, and infection (2011)

Over the past decade and a half, the biomedical community has uncovered a previously unappreciated reciprocal relationship between cells of the immune and skeletal systems. Work in this field, which has been termed "osteoimmunology," has resulted in the development of clinical therapeutics for seemingly disparate diseases linked by the common themes of inflammation and bone remodeling. Here, the important concepts and discoveries in osteoimmunology are discussed in the context of the diseases bridging these two organ systems, including arthritis, osteoporosis, cancer, and infection, and the targeted treatments used by clinicians to combat them.
Angioplasty for Renovascular Hypertension in Children: 20-Year Experience (2006)

Angioplasty produced clinically worthwhile improvement for approximately 50% of patients. High incidence rates of extrarenal involvement and intrarenal disease and a high restenosis rate after stenting accounted for poor blood pressure control in the rest.
Immunodeficiency in young pigs (1989)

Immunodeficiency in neonatal and young pigs was studied in terms of T-cell function. Generalized T-cell deficiency did not exist in young pigs on the basis of the in vitro response of blood mononuclear cells to a polyclonal T-cell mitogen, phytohemagglutinin. However, immunodeficiency that extended from birth up to 4 weeks, was observed in serum antibody concentration and in vitro proliferative responses of blood mononuclear cells from young pigs exposed to a low antigen dose of a T-cell dependent antigen, egg white lysozyme. The low in vitro proliferative response to lysozyme was not attributable simply to a lack of interleukin-2 production, because supplementation with human interleukin-2 did not enhance the in vitro cellular response. Also, pokeweed mitogen-stimulated B cells from young pigs up to the age of 5 to 6 weeks produced immunoglobulin concentration, which also was not affected by the addition of human interleukin-2 to the in vitro cultures. The blood mononuclear cells obtained from pigs within the first 5 to 6 weeks after birth and incubated with monoclonal antibodies reactive to all T cells (MSA4), helper T cells (74-12-4) or suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (76-2-11) did not yield consistent excess of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Zur Zusammenarbeit privatrechtlicher Initiativen und staatlichen Organisationen in Ausstiegsprozessen aus politisch radikalen Bewegungen (2013)

Seit der Entwicklung der staatlichen und privatrechtlichen Tatigkeitslinien in den Hilfen zum Ausstieg aus politisch radikalen Bewegungen in Deutschland um die Jahrtausendwende, halt die Diskussion zur Frage der Konkurrenz und der Kooperation an. Selten wird diese Debatte in der Literatur sichtbar, mitunter in den Tagesmedien, starker in den Bereichen fur Budgetierungen politischer und verwalterischer Verantwortungstrager und den verschiedenen Tagungsdiskursen. Der eher klandestine Charakter der Debatte ist allerdings dem Vorankommen der Sache im strategischen Sinne wenig zutraglich, da der offene Austausch offentlich prufbarer Argumente nach politischen, ethischen und wissenschaftlichen Kriterien in nur einem geringen Mase erfolgt. Hier sollte eine Umsteuerung durch alle Beteiligten angestrebt werden. Grundlegend betrachtet ist diese jeweils in unterschiedlichen Scharfen und Graden von Sachlichkeit und Kompetenz gefuhrte Diskussion deshalb nicht immer zweckmasig, da sie weniger von inhaltlichen Uberlegungen anzustrebender sinnvoller Arbeitsteiligkeit getragen ist und den Aspekt des Affektiven aus politischer, ideologischer und wirtschaftlicher Sicht starker betont. Nicht selten ist ein ausgepragter und kenntnisarmer Subjektivismus anzutreffen. Das Geschehen wird dabei oft in Rahmen politischer, behordlicher und staatsstrukturelle Konkurrenzen und in Folge schwacher okonomischer Ressourcen der privatrechtlichen Initiative deutlich angefeuert. Gerne werden aus politischer Prasentabilitat Inhalte praferiert, die den Schein gegenuber der Substanz bevorzugen. Fur den vollstandigen Artikel als PDF konnen Sie sich hier kostenlos anmelden: http://journals.sfu.ca/jed/index.php/jex/user/register
Effect of tetrahydrouridine on the clinical pharmacology of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine when both drugs are coinfused over three hours. (1988)

When 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C), 25 mg/m2, is infused over 3 h together with tetrahydrouridine (THU) at 10 to 350 mg/m2 to heavily pretreated patients with solid tumors, Michaelis-Menten type kinetic values are observed with leveling off of delta area under the curve, delta ara-C levels at 3 h, and delta total body clearance after 150 mg/m2 of THU. When the ara-C dose was increased to 50, 75, and 100 mg/m2 coinfusion of 250 or 350 mg/m2 of THU significantly increased plasma ara-C at peak and area under the curve. In contrast, total body clearance and volume of distribution decreased significantly. At 100 mg/m2 of ara-C coinfused with high doses of THU, i.e., at 350 mg/m2, the pharmacokinetics of plasma ara-C was changed from a biphasic decay of plasma ara-C at peaks (control) to a curve similar or identical to a monophasic curve, indicating that THU not only inhibits deamination but also changes the distribution of ara-C. This combination provides plasma ara-C levels (greater than or equal to 10 microM) comparable to high dose ara-C at 1 g/m2. Such plasma ara-C levels are considered to be sufficient for saturation of the kinases catalyzing the production of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate. This reduced ara-C dose necessary to achieve saturation of kinases also reduces plasma 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil levels substantially. Toxicity of this combination was predominantly confined to bone marrow and gastrointestinal toxicity.
Affinity, Specificity, and Kinetics of the Interaction of the SHC Phosphotyrosine Binding Domain with Asparagine-X-X-Phosphotyrosine Motifs of Growth Factor Receptors (1996)

The phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain specifically binds to tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, but differs in structure and mechanism of action from the SH2 domain family. We quantitated the affinity, specificity, and kinetics of the interaction of the SHC PTB domain with a sequence motif, asparagine-X-X-phosphotyrosine (NXX(pY)), found in several receptor tyrosine kinases and oncogenic proteins. PTB domain-mediated interaction with the NXX(pY) motif of c-ErbB2 was characterized by similar overall affinity but slower kinetics than that reported for SH2 domains. This suggested that unlike SH2 domains, PTB domains may not rapidly exchange among associated proteins. Furthermore, when directly and quantitatively compared, PTB domain binding specificity did not significantly overlap with a panel of seven SH2 domains. Thus, signaling pathways involving PTB and SH2 domain-mediated interactions can be regulated separately. Finally, our data define the minimal SHC PTB domain binding motif as NXX(pY), not NPX(pY) as suggested by other authors, and suggest a high affinity motif, hydrophobic residue-(D/E)-N-X-X-pY-(W/F), found in the Trk and ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase families. We conclude that PTB domains mediate specific protein-protein interactions independent from those mediated by SH2 domains.
Soluble factors modulate changes in collagen gene expression in abdominal aortic aneurysms. (1993)

There is no increase in tissue AOD procollagen gene expression. The ability to transfer the same relative patterns of gene expression from tissue to target SMC with conditioned media suggests that paracrine, rather than autocrine, factors modulate procollagen expression in AAA tissues.
Pharmacokinetics of Gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB) in Narcoleptic Patients (1998)

Sodium gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an endogenous compound that has been under investigation in the management of narcolepsy for about two decades. The data confirm that GHB treatment decreases daytime sleepiness and episodes of cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations. The current study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of GHB, given twice in one night to six narcoleptic patients who had been chronically taking GHB nightly on a similar basis. Results confirmed earlier reports and showed nonlinear pharmacokinetics. Maximum concentrations were reached in 40 +/- 6.2 and 35.7 +/- 7 minutes after the first and second dose respectively. Mean AUCinf was 17731.6 +/- 4867 mg/mL/m. Mean GHB T1/2 was 53 +/- 19 minutes. GHB elimination appears to be capacity-limited in some patients when administered at a fixed dose of 3 g twice nightly at a 4-hour interval.
A Membrane Form of TNF-α Presented by Exosomes Delays T Cell Activation-Induced Cell Death (2006)

In common with many other cell types, synovial fibroblasts produce exosomes. In this study, we show that the exosomes produced by synovial fibroblasts obtained from individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RASF), but not exosomes produced by synovial fibroblasts obtained from individuals with osteoarthritis, contain a membrane bound form of TNF-alpha as demonstrated by colloidal gold immunostaining of TNF-alpha and confirmed by both Western blot and mass spectrometry. The RASF-derived exosomes, but not exosomes derived from fibroblasts obtained from individuals with osteoarthritis, are cytotoxic for the L929 cell, a TNF-alpha-sensitive cell line, and stimulate activation of NF-kappaB and induction of collagenase-1 in RASF. These effects are blocked by addition of soluble TNFR1 (sTNFbp), suggesting that a TNF-alpha-signaling pathway mediates these biological activities. sTNFbp also reduced the production of exosomes by RASF, suggesting the interruption of a positive amplification loop. Exosomes can transmit signals between cells, and RASF exosomes, effectively taken up by anti-CD3-activated T cells, activated AKT and NF-kappaB and rendered these activated T cells resistant to apoptosis. Neutralization of exosomal membrane TNF-alpha by sTNFbp partially reversed this resistance, suggesting that not only TNF-alpha but also additional exosomal proteins may contribute to the development of apoptosis resistance.
An Estimating Method of Worker's Task with 6-DOF Sensors (2004)

Recently construction workers tend to work alone and are getting older. In such working atmosphere, monitoring their works at the site is necessary for keeping task performance quality and accuracy. However, the management and evaluation of workers' performance can only be done by supervisors' physical observation. Understanding of their works will be easier if the data that shows what kind of task is performed can be estimated from their body positions and movement, and that enable monitoring by data obtained concurrently.
Tactile Feedback for Above-Device Gesture Interfaces (2014)

Above-device gesture interfaces let people interact in the space above mobile devices using hand and finger movements. For example, users could gesture over a mobile phone or wearable without having to use the touchscreen. We look at how above-device interfaces can also give feedback in the space over the device. Recent haptic and wearable technologies give new ways to provide tactile feedback while gesturing, letting touchless gesture interfaces give touch feedback. In this paper we take a first detailed look at how tactile feedback can be given during above-device interaction. We compare approaches for giving feedback (ultrasound haptics, wearables and direct feedback) and also look at feedback design. Our findings show that tactile feedback can enhance above-device gesture interfaces.
Structural fat grafts: the ideal filler? (2001)

In the search for injectable subcutaneous fillers, fat harvested, transferred, and placed in the manner previously described has most of the characteristics of an ideal filler. It is biocompatible, versatile, stable, long-lasting, and natural-appearing. The key to successful fat grafting lies in the technique. Harvesting, refinement, and transfer of subcutaneous tissue to provide pure, intact parcels of fat are essential for successful fat grafting. The surgeon also must infiltrate the refined fat parcels into the recipient site so that they survive predictably and uniformly, become integrated into the host tissues, and accomplish the desired structural alteration. The key to attaining these goals is the placement of minuscule amounts of fatty tissue with each withdrawal of the infiltrating cannula. This maneuver maximizes the surface area of contact between the newly transplanted tissues and the recipient tissues. Applying this technique to enact structural volume alteration of the face can result in subtle or striking improvements in the appearance of patients. The ideal substance for soft-tissue augmentation still eludes physicians, but fat grafting through a blunt cannula seems to be the safest of all of the fillers used; in the hands of an experienced surgeon, it can provide long-lasting, natural-appearing structural changes.
Targeting CAG repeat RNAs reduces Huntington’s disease phenotype independently of huntingtin levels (2016)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a polyglutamine disorder caused by a CAG expansion in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene exon 1. This expansion encodes a mutant protein whose abnormal function is traditionally associated with HD pathogenesis; however, recent evidence has also linked HD pathogenesis to RNA stable hairpins formed by the mutant HTT expansion. Here, we have shown that a locked nucleic acid-modified antisense oligonucleotide complementary to the CAG repeat (LNA-CTG) preferentially binds to mutant HTT without affecting HTT mRNA or protein levels. LNA-CTGs produced rapid and sustained improvement of motor deficits in an R6/2 mouse HD model that was paralleled by persistent binding of LNA-CTG to the expanded HTT exon 1 transgene. Motor improvement was accompanied by a pronounced recovery in the levels of several striatal neuronal markers severely impaired in R6/2 mice. Furthermore, in R6/2 mice, LNA-CTG blocked several pathogenic mechanisms caused by expanded CAG RNA, including small RNA toxicity and decreased Rn45s expression levels. These results suggest that LNA-CTGs promote neuroprotection by blocking the detrimental activity of CAG repeats within HTT mRNA. The present data emphasize the relevance of expanded CAG RNA to HD pathogenesis, indicate that inhibition of HTT expression is not required to reverse motor deficits, and further suggest a therapeutic potential for LNA-CTG in polyglutamine disorders.
Molecular analysis of the immune response to human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B (gB). II. Low gB-specific T and B cell responses are associated with expression of certain HLA-DR alleles (1994)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common cause of congenital infection leading to birth defects and a leading cause of serious illness in patients with immunodeficiencies. Studies in this laboratory have focused on a molecular analysis of the immune response to glycoprotein B (gB) of HCMV. This protein has been shown to elicit B cell, helper T cell (Th), and cytotoxic T cell responses, suggesting that it may be useful as a subunit HCMV vaccine. However, previous studies showed that although peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from all HCMV-seropositive donors proliferate in response to stimulation with whole HCMV, not all donors respond to purified recombinant gB. In the present study, PBMC from HCMV-seropositive donors homozygous for HLA-DR were tested for proliferative responses to whole HCMV and to purified gB expressed in vaccinia virus. PBMC from all donors proliferated in response to HCMV, but those from multiple donors expressing the HLA-DR3Dw3 and -DR4Dw4 specificities, and single donors expressing the -DR15Dw2, -DR13Dw19 and -DR14Dw9 specificities, failed to respond to gB. These results suggested a possible HLA-DR association with low proliferative responses to gB. In further studies, PBMC from donors expressing both putative gB-high responder and low responder HLA-DR alleles were stimulated multiple times with gB to generate gB-specific T cell lines. These cells were then tested for proliferative responses to gB presented by irradiated PBMC sharing only one DR allele with the responder cells. Cells from the gB-specific lines proliferated only when antigen was presented in the context of a responder DR allele but not when presented in the context of a low responder DR allele. Analysis of immune sera revealed that those from donors with PBMC proliferative responses always contained antibodies reactive with B cell epitopes on both the N-terminal gp93 and C-terminal gp55 portions of gB. In contrast, many of the sera from donors with low gB-specific proliferative responses had gp55-specific antibodies but lacked antibodies to gp93. These results suggest that immunogenetic differences in Th responsiveness to gB may lead to lack of antigen-specific help for antibody responses to gp93 in some cases. The prevalence of these low responder HLA alleles in the population, and the central importance of the T cell response to the generation of antibodies suggest that native gB alone may not be an attractive candidate for an HCMV subunit vaccine.
Targeting head and neck tumoral stem cells: From biological aspects to therapeutic perspectives (2016)

Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world. Effective therapeutic modalities such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and combinations of each are used in the management of the disease. In most cases, treatment fails to obtain total cancer cure. In recent years, it appears that one of the key determinants of treatment failure may be the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that escape currently available therapies. CSCs form a small portion of the total tumor burden but may play a disproportionately important role in determining outcomes. CSCs have stem features such as self-renewal, high migration capacity, drug resistance, high proliferation abilities. A large body of evidence points to the fact that CSCs are particularly resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In HNSCC, CSCs have been increasingly shown to have an integral role in tumor initiation, disease progression, metastasis and treatment resistance. In the light of such observations, the present review summarizes biological characteristics of CSCs in HNSCC, outlines targeted strategies for the successful eradication of CSCs in HNSCC including targeting the self-renewal controlling pathways, blocking epithelial mesenchymal transition, niche targeting, immunotherapy approaches and highlights the need to better understand CSCs biology for new treatments modalities.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Organolithium and Related Reagents in Synthesis. Part 6. A General Study of the Lithiation of Secondary Picoline‐ and Isonicotine Amides. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.