gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Black-box Variational Inference for Stochastic Differential Equations (2018)

Parameter inference for stochastic differential equations is challenging due to the presence of a latent diffusion process. Working with an Euler-Maruyama discretisation for the diffusion, we use variational inference to jointly learn the parameters and the diffusion paths. We use a standard mean-field variational approximation of the parameter posterior, and introduce a recurrent neural network to approximate the posterior for the diffusion paths conditional on the parameters. This neural network learns how to provide Gaussian state transitions which bridge between observations in a very similar way to the conditioned diffusion process. The resulting black-box inference method can be applied to any SDE system with light tuning requirements. We illustrate the method on a Lotka-Volterra system and an epidemic model, producing accurate parameter estimates in a few hours.
Treatment Options for the Child with Allergic Rhinitis (1998)

Allergic rhinitis is extremely common in pediatric populations. Its symptoms can interfere markedly with everyday life; moreover, untreated allergic rhinitis can predispose patients toward more serious respiratory diseases. Therapy focuses both on reducing the causes (avoidance, immunotherapy) and on controlling manifest symptoms (pharmacotherapy). Antihistamines, decongestants, anticholinergic agents, mast cell stabilizers, and intranasal corticosteroids constitute the pharmacotherapy arsenal. Of these, the intranasal corticosteroids most effectively control the major symptoms; many studies have found that their efficacy in persistent allergic rhinitis is greater than that of decongestants, antihistamines, and cromolyn sodium. Moreover, unlike systemic corticosteroids, they are generally free from adverse side effects. Thus, with appropriate attention to education and formulations most tolerable to children, they should be a wise choice for many pediatric patients.
Evaluation of multithreaded uniprocessors for commercial application environments (1996)

As memory speeds grow at a considerably slower rate than processor speeds, memory accesses are starting to dominate the execution time of processors, and this will likely continue into the future. This trend will be exacerbated by growing miss rates due to commercial applications, object-oriented programming and micro-kernel based operating systems. We examine the use of coarse-grained multithreading to address this important problem in uniprocessor on-line transaction processing environments where there is a natural, coarse-grained parallelism between the tasks resulting from transactions being executed concurrently, with no application software modifications required. Our results suggest that multithreading can provide significant performance improvements for uniprocessor commercial computing environments.
K-RAS Mutant Pancreatic Tumors Show Higher Sensitivity to MEK than to PI3K Inhibition In Vivo (2012)

Activating K-RAS mutations occur at a frequency of 90% in pancreatic cancer, and to date no therapies exist targeting this oncogene. K-RAS signals via downstream effector pathways such as the MAPK and the PI3K signaling pathways, and much effort has been focused on developing drugs targeting components of these pathways. To better understand the requirements for K-RAS and its downstream signaling pathways MAPK and PI3K in pancreatic tumor maintenance, we established an inducible K-RAS knock down system that allowed us to ablate K-RAS in established tumors. Knock down of K-RAS resulted in impaired tumor growth in all pancreatic xenograft models tested, demonstrating that K-RAS expression is indeed required for tumor maintenance of K-RAS mutant pancreatic tumors. We further examined signaling downstream of K-RAS, and detected a robust reduction of pERK levels upon K-RAS knock down. In contrast, no effect on pAKT levels could be observed due to almost undetectable basal expression levels. To investigate the requirement of the MAPK and the PI3K pathways on tumor maintenance, three selected pancreatic xenograft models were tested for their response to MEK or PI3K inhibition. Tumors of all three models regressed upon MEK inhibition, but showed less pronounced response to PI3K inhibition. The effect of MEK inhibition on pancreatic xenografts could be enhanced further by combined application of a PI3K inhibitor. These data provide further rationale for testing combinations of MEK and PI3K inhibitors in clinical trials comprising a patient population with pancreatic cancer harboring mutations in K-RAS.
Elevated DNA repair capacity is associated with intrinsic resistance of lung cancer to chemotherapy. (1995)

Non-small cell lung cancer (N-SCLC) is generally unresponsive to chemotherapy even without previous drug treatment, as opposed to small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is initially responsive to chemotherapy. The mechanisms of this intrinsic resistance are unknown. This study was designed to investigate the role of DNA repair in intrinsic resistance of N-SCLC to cisplatin. A panel of primary N-SCLC cell cultures and established cell lines were examined and compared to SCLC cell lines established previously from untreated patients. The overall DNA repair capacity was estimated by the ability of cells to reactivate the pRSV-CAT plasmid damaged by cisplatin ("host cell reactivation" assay). Cytotoxicity was determined for cisplatin in vitro. N-SCLC cells were found to be significantly more resistant to cisplatin than SCLC cell lines isolated from untreated patients (P < 0.01). The capacity of N-SCLC cells to reactivate pRSV-CAT plasmid damaged with cisplatin and transfected into cells was higher in N-SCLC cells than in SCLC cells originating from patients who were untreated previously (P < 0.05). Correlation was also observed between chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity and intrinsic resistance to cisplatin. However, no significant difference was observed between primary N-SCLC cultures and established cell lines. This study indicates that elevated DNA repair capacity is associated with drug resistance in lung cancer and suggests that modulation of DNA repair mechanism(s), such as the incorporation of specific DNA repair inhibitor(s) in therapeutic regimens, may help to improve therapeutic strategies of N-SCLC.
Production of fertile transgenic maize plants by silicon carbide whisker‐mediated transformation (1994)

Summary A simple and inexpensive system for the generation of fertile, transgenic maize plants has been developed. Cells from embryogenic maize suspension cultures were transformed using silicon carbide whiskers to deliver plasmid DNA carrying the bacterial bar and uidA (gus) genes. Transformed cells were selected on medium containing the herbicide bialaphos. Integration of the bar gene and activity of the enzyme phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) were confirmed in all bialaphos‐resistant callus lines analysed. Fertile transgenic maize plants were regenerated. Herbicide spraying of progeny plants revealed that the bar gene was transmitted in a Mendelian fashion.
A hand gesture interface device (1986)

This paper reports on the development of a hand to machine interface device that provides real-time gesture, position and orientation information. The key element is a glove and the device as a whole incorporates a collection of technologies. Analog flex sensors on the glove measure finger bending. Hand position and orientation are measured either by ultrasonics, providing five degrees of freedom, or magnetic flux sensors, which provide six degrees of freedom. Piezoceramic benders provide the wearer of the glove with tactile feedback. These sensors are mounted on the light-weight glove and connected to the driving hardware via a small cable. Applications of the glove and its component technologies include its use in conjunction with a host computer which drives a real-time 3-dimensional model of the hand allowing the glove wearer to manipulate computer-generated objects as if they were real, interpretation of finger-spelling, evaluation of hand impairment in addition to providing an interface to a visual programming language.
ASPM Is a Novel Marker for Vascular Invasion, Early Recurrence, and Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2008)

ASPM overexpression is a molecular marker predicting enhanced invasive/metastatic potential of HCC, higher risk of ETR regardless of p53 mutation status and tumor stage, and hence poor prognosis.
Improving IC Security Against Trojan Attacks Through Integration of Security Monitors (2012)

This paper describes using on-chip monitors to significantly improve the sensitivity of side-channel signal analysis techniques to malicious inclusions in integrated circuits known as hardware Trojans.
Efficient Fabrication and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities of 3D-Ordered Films of Titania Hollow Spheres (2006)

Facile and effective approaches were developed to fabricate 3D-ordered films of titania hollow spheres with different sphere diameters. The shell thickness of the sphere was adjusted in the range of 20-40 nm by changing the casting cycle of the titania precursor. The photonic stop band was observed for the 3D-ordered film and was tunable by the sphere diameter and the shell thickness. The stop band shifted from 930 to 547 nm. Crystal violet dye adsorbed on the film exhibited more than two times higher absorbance than that on a reference film of a flat titania layer, probably due to the red edge effect of the stop band and/or to the multiple scattering effect. The enhanced absorbance led to more efficient photodegradation of the dye under visible light and under solar light irradiation. A maximum photocatalytic enhancement of 22% is achieved. Finally, the influence of TiO2 morphology on photocatalytic activity was discussed. Compared with flat titania films, the existence of ordered macropores in titania spheres causes the stop band and a longer optical path due to multiple scattering. Both the red edge of the stop band and multiple scattering effects enhance the absorption of the dye, which results in the photocatalytic enhancement.
Les structures de sécurité européenne: les défis et les réponses (1994)

Depuis 1 989 l'Europe n'a pas pu trouver les reponses aux questions de securite posees par les enormes changements dans les relations internationales. La guerre du Golfe, la desintegration de l'Union sovietique, la guerre dans l'ancienne Yougoslavie, les autres regions de tension dans le monde, ont montre que l'Europe n'est pas capable de parler avec une seule voix et d'agir avec force. La securite de l'Europe meme et le role de l'Europe en dehors de son propre territoire semblent etre en question. Ce n'est pas le manque d'organisations qui s'occupent de la securite de l'Europe, qui explique cette absence europeenne. Au contraire, l'Europe connait plusieurs organisations. Mais cette infraestructure organisatrice est inapte a formuler les reponses aux problemes des pays europeens; en outre, cette infrastructure elle-meme constitue un des problemes. C'est pour cela qu'une profonde reconstruction de l'infrastructure de la securite est necessaire.
A Role for the Disintegrin Domain of Cyritestin, a Sperm Surface Protein Belonging to the ADAM Family, in Mouse Sperm–Egg Plasma Membrane Adhesion and Fusion (1997)

Sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion is preceded by sperm adhesion to the egg plasma membrane. Cell-cell adhesion frequently involves multiple adhesion molecules on the adhering cells. One sperm surface protein with a role in sperm-egg plasma membrane adhesion is fertilin, a transmembrane heterodimer (alpha and beta subunits). Fertilin alpha and beta are the first identified members of a new family of membrane proteins that each has the following domains: pro-, metalloprotease, disintegrin, cysteine-rich, EGF-like, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domain. This protein family has been named ADAM because all members contain a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain. Previous studies indicate that the disintegrin domain of fertilin beta functions in sperm-egg adhesion leading to fusion. Full length cDNA clones have been isolated for five ADAMs expressed in mouse testis: fertilin alpha, fertilin beta, cyritestin, ADAM 4, and ADAM 5. The presence of the disintegrin domain, a known integrin ligand, suggests that like fertilin beta, other testis ADAMs could be involved in sperm adhesion to the egg membrane. We tested peptide mimetics from the predicted binding sites in the disintegrin domains of the five testis-expressed ADAMs in a sperm-egg plasma membrane adhesion and fusion assay. The active site peptide from cyritestin strongly inhibited (80-90%) sperm adhesion and fusion and was a more potent inhibitor than the fertilin beta active site peptide. Antibodies generated against the active site region of either cyritestin or fertilin beta also strongly inhibited (80-90%) both sperm-egg adhesion and fusion. Characterization of these two ADAM family members showed that they are both processed during sperm maturation and present on mature sperm. Indirect immunofluorescence on live, acrosome-reacted sperm using antibodies against either cyritestin or fertilin beta showed staining of the equatorial region, a region of the sperm membrane that participates in the early steps of membrane fusion. Collectively, these data indicate that a second ADAM family member, cyritestin, functions with fertilin beta in sperm-egg plasma membrane adhesion leading to fusion.
Ferroelectric and electroclinic characterisation of a new organic siloxane bimesogen (1993)

Abstract A new siloxane based twin dimer has been synthesised which exhibits both a broad ferroelectric phase (from sub ambient temperatures to 37.5°C), and a Sa phase extending over 12.5°C (from 37.5°C to 50°C). The electroclinic effect within the Sa phase is very pronounced, occurs throughout the Sa phase and exhibits electroclinic coefficients as large as 2°/Vrms/μm at a temperature of Tsc*/Sa+5°C. The response times are correspondingly low (as little as 25μs at the end of the Sa range) and the maximum induced tilt angles very large, up to 17° at TSc*/sa+6°C and even higher closer to the phase transition. The effect of the soft mode contribution to the measured tilt angle can be seen far back into the ferroelectric phase. Characterisation has been performed by electro optic analysis, X ray studies, textural observations and measurement of spontaneous polarisation.
Performance monitoring of optical networks with synchronous and asynchronous sampling (2002)

Experimental measurements are made for two approaches to performance monitoring of signals in optical networks. The techniques are bit error ratio (BER) estimation by synchronous and asynchronous sampling, respectively, and we compare their performance with different signal impairments.
Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies against intermediate filament proteins during embryonic development (1981)

ABSTRACT Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against a preparation of intermediate filaments from trophoblastoma cells were studied for their reactivity pattern during embryonic development and on adult tissue cells. Up to day 12 of embryonic development, epithelial cells of the three germ layers reacted with these mAbs. Later during development and in adult tissues, positive reactions could be observed only with epithelial cells derived from mesoderm and endoderm. Because of their tissue distribution, the proteins reacting with these mAbs might belong to the keratin family of intermediate filaments or they might represent a new group of intermediate filaments.
The long extra arms of human tRNA(Ser)Secand tRNASerfunction as major identity elements for serylation in an orientation-dependent, but not sequence-specific manner (1993)

Selenocysteine tRNA [tRNA((Ser)Sec)] is charged with serine by the same seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) as the canonical serine tRNAs. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have introduced a series of mutations into human tRNA((Ser)Sec) and tRNA(Ser) in order to study the identity elements of tRNA((Ser)Sec) for serylation and the effect of the orientation of the extra arm. Our results show that the long extra arm is one of the major identity elements for both tRNA(Ser) and tRNA((Ser)Sec) and gel retardation assays reveal that it appears to be a prerequisite for binding to the cognate synthetase. The long extra arm functions in an orientation-dependent, but not in a sequence-specific manner. The discriminator base G73 is another important identity element of tRNA((Ser)Sec), whereas the T- and D-arms play a minor role for the serylation efficiency.
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting VEGF effectively inhibits ocular neovascularization in a mouse model. (2003)

Delivery of siRNA can be used in vitro and in vivo to target specific RNAs and to reduce the levels of the specific protein product in the targeted cells. This work suggests that RNA interference has potential for application to studies of retinal biology and for the treatment of a variety of retinal diseases, including those involving abnormal blood vessel growth.
A Push Service for Carpooling (2012)

Carpooling is a social service par excellence. Solidarity between people or within identified groups, contracting service and confidence in service when hazards can occur, safety of the service provided (not only the ICT information provided but also the operated travel when an itinerary path is computed), and sometimes confidentiality agreements or information exchanged, all these characteristics and values are features which are considered necessary to develop the use of carpooling. The use of carpooling is too confidential. It is struggling to reach a critical mass. Furthermore, the democratization of the carpooling service faces the difficulty of access to a critical mass of offers (empty seats) to look forward a request. In this paper we define and provide a push service to carpooling. This push service brings more opportunism. So the instant processing of an offer or need transportation, explicitly formulated, or implicitly and partially formulated, that leads to intelligent use. Log management, knowledge of the operating environment in real-time, enabling the functionality of the service push, all these features make up a process of linking supply and demand as a prerequisite of all carpooling contracts. We present such a service in the context of Real-Time Carpooling service, and more generally in the context of demand responsive transportation system. The concepts of this push service were validated through experimental service at a stadium of French Ligue 1 of football during the past two years.
Scalable 3-D vertical chain-cell-type phase-change memory with 4F2 poly-Si diodes (2012)

A three-dimensional (3-D) vertical chain-cell-type phase-change memory (VCCPCM) for next-generation large-capacity storage was developed. The VCCPCM features formation of memory holes in multi-layered stacked gates by using a single mask and a memory array without a selection transistor. As a result of this configuration, the number of process steps for fabricating the VCCPCM is reduced. The excellent scalability of the VCCPCM's new phase-change material makes it possible to reduce the cell size beyond the scaling limit of flash memory. In addition, a poly-silicon selection diode makes it possible to reduce the cell factor to 4F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Consequently, relative cost of the VCCPCM compared to 3-D flash memory is reduced to 0.2.
Comparison of low-vision reading with spectacle-mounted magnifiers (2005)

Reading is the most common goal among persons with age-related macular degeneration and other retinal diseases that lead to macular loss, as well as the functional task most affected by the resulting central scotomas. This project determined whether reading ability is different when persons with macular loss read with a new hybrid-diffractive spectacle magnifier versus a refractive-aspheric spectacle magnifier and an aplanatic spectacle magnifier. After subjects completed a low-vision examination, we assigned them to groups that compared different types of spectacle magnifiers and assessed their reading acuity, speed, critical print size (print size large enough to provide a subject's best fluent reading), accuracy, and comprehension. Subjects completed visual analog scales to indicate their perceptions of satisfaction with reading, comfort with reading, and cosmesis (comfort with allowing others to see them read) and were asked which of the compared spectacle magnifiers they preferred for prescription. We subjected the data to paired t-tests to ascertain whether differences existed in subjects' reading ability and perceptions between the types of reading devices. Subjects' reading comprehension, perception of satisfaction, and perception of cosmesis were significantly better with the hybrid-diffractive lens than with the refractive-aspheric lens. Although subjects' critical print size was significantly better with the aplanatic lens than with the hybrid-diffractive lens, functional reading ability was not significantly different. More subjects preferred the hybrid-diffractive lenses for prescription. The hybrid-diffractive spectacle magnifiers are an important addition to the optical-device armamentarium for reading with low vision.
Wound Healing: Biochemical & Clinical Aspects (1992)

Presents comprehensive up-to-date discussions of both the clinical and basic science aspects of wound healing. This text enables the reader to obtain information from several different scientific disciplines and clinical specialities in one place. Additionally, future directions are identified to help the reader focus on important research in the upcoming decade.
Real time vision for intelligent vehicles (2001)

The authors first discuss the Intelligent StopandGo system, a sophisticated cruise control that autonomously follows a lead vehicle, pays attention to the relevant elements of the traffic infrastructure, and accounts for other traffic participants. The Intelligent StopandGo represents a multiyear effort by DaimlerChrysler to build a sophisticated cruise control that can function on highways, on secondary roads, and in urban environments. It combines the following capabilities: extracting lane boundaries, even when they are not clearly marked and do not contain the typical structure of highways; detecting a vehicle that can be followed, estimating ifs distance, speed, and acceleration; detecting stationary obstacles, such as parked cars, which limit the available free space; recognising the traffic signs and traffic lights that are relevant; and detecting and classifying additional traffic participants, such as pedestrians, who might cut in between the lead vehicle and the host vehicle. The DaimlerChrysIer demonstrator Urban Traffic Assistant (UTA) has devoted special attention to information, warning, and assistant functions in an inner-city environment. UTA is an E-class Mercedes-Bent containing sensors for longitudinal speed, longitudinal and lateral acceleration, yaw and pitch rate, and the sfeering wheel angle. It is equipped with a stereo black-and-white camera system as well as a color camera. UTA has access to throttle, brake, and steering. Furthermore, it displays the results of the perceptual modules in a graphical environment from either the driver's perspective or a virtual viewpoint. The computer hardware in UTA comprises three 400-MHz Linux/Pentium II (SMP) PCs for the perception of the environment and one Lynx/604e PowerPC for the control of sensors and actuators.