gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct-write technologies for rapid prototyping applications : sensors, electronics and integrated power sources (2002)

1. Introduction to Direct-Write Technologies for Rapid Prototyping 2. Overview of Commercial and Military Application Areas in Passive and Active Electronic Devices 3. Role of Direct-Write Tools and Technologies for Microelectronic Manufacturing 4. Direct-Write Materials and Layers for Electrochemical Power Devices 5. The Role of Direct Writing for Chemical and Biological Materials: Commercial and Military Sensing Applications 6. Advanced Materials Systems for Ultra-Low-Temperature, Digital, Direct-Write Technologies 7. Direct Write Using Ink-Jet Techniques 8. Micropen Printing of Electronic Components 9. Direct Write Thermal Spraying of Multilayer Electronics and Sensor Structures 10. Dip-Pen Nanolithography: Direct Writing Soft Structures on the Sub-100-Nanometer-Length Scale 11. Nanolithography with Electron Beams: Theory and Practice 12. Focused Ion Beams for Direct Writing 13. Laser Direct-Write Micromachining 14. 3D Microengineering via Laser Direct-Write Processing Approaches 15. Flow- and Laser-Guided Direct Write of Electronic and Biological Components 16. Laser-Induced Forward Transfer: An Approach to Single-Step Microfabrication 17. Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation-Direct Write (MAPLE-DW): A New Method to Rapidly Prototype Organic and Inorganic Materials 18. Technologies for Micrometer and Nanometer Pattern and Material Transfer Appendix A: Ancillary Techniques Index
A C++ compiler for FPGA custom execution units synthesis (2002)

If reconfigurable processors are to become widely used, we will need tools to help conventional programmer use them. In particular, a single high-level language should be used to program the whole application; both the part which will become the hardware configuration and the part which remains software. Spyder is a reconfigurable processor with configurable execution units. The C++ language has been chosen as the source language to program this processor. In this paper we present a compiler capable of synthesizing the hardware configuration of FPGA execution units from C++ source code. The same source code can be compiled by a standard C++ compiler for simulation purposes. First estimates show that this approach leads to very short synthesize time as compared to VHDL synthesizer for a similar quality of the generated hardware.
Bone transplantation (2003)

Bony deficiency, particularly loss of bone stock associated with failed joint replacements or tumours, is a challenging problem in orthopaedic surgery. Bone transplantation techniques provide solutions that can be tailored to the clinical problem. However, the risks of bone transplantation are well documented and the biology of allograft incorporation remains unpredictable and poorly understood.
Functional analysis of activated C1s, a subcomponent of the first component of human complement, by monoclonal antibodies. (1986)

Three mouse monoclonal antibodies (M365, M81, and M241) directed against human C1s were used to analyze the structure of C1s related to the enzymatic activity. M365 and M81 recognized different epitopes on the heavy chain of C1s and could bind to C1s, as well as to C1s. The C4 cleaving activity of C1s was completely blocked by M81 and was partially blocked by M365. Although the C2 cleaving activity of C1s was partially inhibited by M81, no blocking was observed with M365. Both antibodies had no effect on the esterolytic activity of C1s. These results indicate that the C4 and C2 binding sites on C1s reside in the heavy chain, and they are distinct from each other. M241 could bind only to C1s, an active form of C1s. After reduction of C1s, M241 could not react with either heavy or light chain of C1s. The esterolytic activity of C1s was markedly reduced by M241. Furthermore, M241 blocked not only the cleavage of C4 and C2 by C1s but also the complex formation of C1s and C1 inactivator. From these observations, we suggest that M241 reacts with the active site of C1s, and both heavy and light chains of C1s participate in the composition of the active site.
Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2017–18 Influenza Season (2017)

This report updates the 2016-17 recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of seasonal influenza vaccines (MMWR Recomm Rep 2016;65[No. RR-5]). Routine annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged 6 months who do not have contraindications. A licensed, recommended, and age-appropriate vaccine should be used.
Discrimination of Peptides by Using a Molecularly Imprinted Piezoelectric Biosensor (2003)

Based on the direct formation of a molecularly imprinted polymer on gold electrodes, we have developed a peptide sensor for the detection of low-molecular-weight peptides. A new cross-linking monomer, (N-Acr-L-Cys-NHBn)(2), was employed to attach the surface of the chip and to copolymerize with other monomers. Interestingly, N-benzylacrylamide participates in the polymerization and recognition is carried out in an aqueous environment. By using quartz crystal microbalance detection, short peptides can be monitored by their interaction with plastic antibodies specific for the target peptides. The selectivity of molecularly imprinted polymers and the sensitivity of such artificial biosensors have been combined to differentiate between traces of oxytocin and vasopressin to the ng mL(-1) scale.
The iron-sulfur clusters of dehydratases are primary intracellular targets of copper toxicity (2009)

Excess copper is poisonous to all forms of life, and copper overloading is responsible for several human pathologic processes. The primary mechanisms of toxicity are unknown. In this study, mutants of Escherichia coli that lack copper homeostatic systems (copA cueO cus) were used to identify intracellular targets and to test the hypothesis that toxicity involves the action of reactive oxygen species. Low micromolar levels of copper were sufficient to inhibit the growth of both WT and mutant strains. The addition of branched-chain amino acids restored growth, indicating that copper blocks their biosynthesis. Indeed, copper treatment rapidly inactivated isopropylmalate dehydratase, an iron-sulfur cluster enzyme in this pathway. Other enzymes in this iron-sulfur dehydratase family were similarly affected. Inactivation did not require oxygen, in vivo or with purified enzyme. Damage occurred concomitant with the displacement of iron atoms from the solvent-exposed cluster, suggesting that Cu(I) damages these proteins by liganding to the coordinating sulfur atoms. Copper efflux by dedicated export systems, chelation by glutathione, and cluster repair by assembly systems all enhance the resistance of cells to this metal.
Entropy of Radiation (1955)

In view of the recent publication of a derivation of the expression for the entropy flux of radiation, in terms of its spectral specific intensity, a brief comparative study of various known methods for obtaining the entropy formula is presented.
Inhibition of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice with serum from streptococcal preparation (OK-432)-injected mice (1991)

We have recently reported that systemic and chronic administration of recombinant tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), as well as streptococcal preparation (OK-432), inhibits development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in NOD mice and BB rats, models of IDDM. In this study we examined whether serum containing endogenous TNF induced by OK-432 injection could inhibit IDDM in NOD mice. Treatment twice a week from 4 weeks of age with OK-432-injected mouse serum, which contained endogenous TNF (75U), but not IL-1, IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) activity, reduced the intensity of insulitis and significantly inhibited the cumulative incidence of diabetes by 28 weeks of age in NOD mice, as compared with the incidence in non-treated mice (P less than 0.01) and in mice treated with control serum (P less than 0.02). This inhibitory effect of the serum was diminished, although not significantly, by neutralization of serum TNF activity with anti-mouse TNF antibody. In the mice treated with the serum from OK-432-injected mice, Thy-1.2+ or CD8+ spleen cells decreased (P less than 0.01) and surface-Ig+ (S-Ig+) cells increased (P less than 0.05), whereas the proliferative response of spleen cells to concanavalin A (P less than 0.01) and lipopolysaccharide (P less than 0.05) increased. The results indicate that the inhibition by OK-432 treatment of IDDM in NOD mice was partially mediated by serum factors including endogenous TNF.
Evaluating information contributions of bottom-up and top-down processes (2009)

This paper presents a method to quantitatively evaluate information contributions of individual bottom-up and top-down computing processes in object recognition. Our objective is to start a discovery on how to schedule bottom-up and top-down processes. (1) We identify two bottom-up processes and one top-down process in hierarchical models, termed α, β and γ channels respectively ; (2) We formulate the three channels under an unified Bayesian framework; (3) We use a blocking control strategy to isolate the three channels to separately train them and individually measure their information contributions in typical recognition tasks; (4) Based on the evaluated results, we integrate the three channels to detect objects with performance improvements obtained. Our experiments are performed in both low-middle level tasks, such as detecting edges/bars and junctions, and high level tasks, such as detecting human faces and cars, together with a group of human study designed to compare computer and human perception.
Distribution of human herpesvirus-8 latently infected cells in Kaposi’s sarcoma, multicentric Castleman’s disease, and primary effusion lymphoma (1999)

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8, also called KSHV) is linked to the etiopathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). The universal presence of HHV-8 in early KS has not yet been shown. We used a mAb (LN53) against latent nuclear antigen-1 (LNA-1) of HHV-8 encoded by ORF73 to study the distribution of the cell types latently infected by HHV-8 in patch, plaque, and nodular KS, MCD, and PEL. In early KS, HHV-8 is present in <10% of cells forming the walls of ectatic vessels. In nodular KS, HHV-8 is present in cells surrounding slit-like vessels and in >90% of spindle cells, but not in normal vascular endothelium. In addition, HHV-8 colocalizes with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), a marker of lymphatic and precursor endothelium. In early KS lesions, VEGFR-3 is more extensively expressed than LNA-1, indicating that HHV-8 is not inducing the proliferation of VEGFR-3-positive endothelium directly. In MCD, HHV-8 is present in mantle zone large immunoblastic B cells. No staining for LNA-1 is seen in samples from multiple myeloma, prostate cancer, and angiosarcoma, supporting the absence of any etiological link between these diseases and HHV-8.
Detection and Quantification of Snow Algae with an Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (2001)

We describe spectral reflectance measurements of snow containing the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis and a model to retrieve snow algal concentrations from airborne imaging spectrometer data. Because cells of C. nivalis absorb at specific wavelengths in regions indicative of carotenoids (astaxanthin esters, lutein, beta-carotene) and chlorophylls a and b, the spectral signature of snow containing C. nivalis is distinct from that of snow without algae. The spectral reflectance of snow containing C. nivalis is separable from that of snow without algae due to carotenoid absorption in the wavelength range from 0.4 to 0.58 microm and chlorophyll a and b absorption in the wavelength range from 0.6 to 0.7 microm. The integral of the scaled chlorophyll a and b absorption feature (I(0.68)) varies with algal concentration (C(a)). Using the relationship C(a) = 81019.2 I(0.68) + 845.2, we inverted Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer reflectance data collected in the Tioga Pass region of the Sierra Nevada in California to determine algal concentration. For the 5.5-km(2) region imaged, the mean algal concentration was 1,306 cells ml(-1), the standard deviation was 1,740 cells ml(-1), and the coefficient of variation was 1.33. The retrieved spatial distribution was consistent with observations made in the field. From the spatial estimates of algal concentration, we calculated a total imaged algal biomass of 16.55 kg for the 0.495-km(2) snow-covered area, which gave an areal biomass concentration of 0.033 g/m(2).
Set Correlation As A General Multivariate Data-Analytic Method (1982)

Set correlation is a multivariate generalization of multiple regression/correlation analysis that features the employment of overall measures of association interpretable as proportions of variance and the use of set-partialled sets of variables, e.g. D·C with B·A. Partialling is a powerful device that may be used for statistical control and for representing non-linear and conditional (interactive) relationships, contrast functions, and the uniqueness of a variable or subset of variables. Generally, it offers a means for specifying functional components of sets. Since information in virtually any form can be represented as a set, partialled if necessary, the extension of partialling to sets of dependent variables makes it possible, within a single framework, to study relationships that are currently handled by diverse methods. Because of its flexibility and generality, beyond its capacity to handle the standard multivariate methods as special cases, set correlation offers some useful novel data-analytic techniques, among which are illustrated a hierarchical analysis of common and unique aspects of a battery, multivariate contrasts among outcomes, the multivariate analysis of partial variance, and contingency table analysis.
The CaaX Proteases, Afc1p and Rce1p, Have Overlapping but Distinct Substrate Specificities (2000)

Many proteins that contain a carboxyl-terminal CaaX sequence motif, including Ras and yeast a-factor, undergo a series of sequential posttranslational processing steps. Following the initial prenylation of the cysteine, the three C-terminal amino acids are proteolytically removed, and the newly formed prenylcysteine is carboxymethylated. The specific amino acids that comprise the CaaX sequence influence whether the protein can be prenylated and proteolyzed. In this study, we evaluated processing of a-factor variants with all possible single amino acid substitutions at either the a1, the a2, or the X position of the a-factor Ca1a2X sequence, CVIA. The substrate specificity of the two known yeast CaaX proteases, Afc1p and Rce1p, was investigated in vivo. Both Afc1p and Rce1p were able to proteolyze a-factor with A, V, L, I, C, or M at the a1 position, V, L, I, C, or M at the a2 position, or any amino acid at the X position that was acceptable for prenylation of the cysteine. Eight additional a-factor variants with a1 substitutions were proteolyzed by Rce1p but not by Afc1p. In contrast, Afc1p was able to proteolyze additional a-factor variants that Rce1p may not be able to proteolyze. In vitro assays indicated that farnesylation was compromised or undetectable for 11 a-factor variants that produced no detectable halo in the wild-type AFC1 RCE1 strain. The isolation of mutations in RCE1 that improved proteolysis of a-factor-CAMQ, indicated that amino acid substitutions E139K, F189L, and Q201R in Rce1p affected its substrate specificity.
Downregulation of peptide transporter genes in cell lines transformed with the highly oncogenic adenovirus 12. (1994)

The expression of class I major histocompatibility complex antigens on the surface of cells transformed by adenovirus 12 (Ad12) is generally very low, and correlates with the high oncogenicity of this virus. In primary embryonal fibroblasts from transgenic mice that express both endogenous H-2 genes and a miniature swine class I gene (PD1), Ad12-mediated transformation results in suppression of cell surface expression of all class I antigens. Although class I mRNA levels of PD1 and H-2Db are similar to those in nonvirally transformed cells, recognition of newly synthesized class I molecules by a panel of monoclonal antibodies is impaired, presumably as a result of inefficient assembly and transport of the class I molecules. Class I expression can be partially induced by culturing cells at 26 degrees C, or by coculture of cells with class I binding peptides at 37 degrees C. Analysis of steady state mRNA levels of the TAP1 and TAP2 transporter genes for Ad12-transformed cell lines revealed that they both are significantly reduced, TAP2 by about 100-fold and TAP1 by 5-10-fold. Reconstitution of PD1 and H-2Db, but not H-2Kb, expression is achieved in an Ad12-transformed cell line by stable transfection with a TAP2, but not a TAP1, expression construct. From these data it may be concluded that suppressed expression of peptide transporter genes, especially TAP2, in Ad12-transformed cells inhibits cell surface expression of class I molecules. The failure to fully reconstitute H-2Db and H-2Kb expression indicates that additional factors are involved in controlling class I gene expression in Ad12-transformed cells. Nevertheless, these results suggest that suppression of peptide transporter genes might be an important mechanism whereby virus-transformed cells escape immune recognition in vivo.
Ultrathin high-K gate stacks for advanced CMOS devices (2002)

Reviews recent progress in and outlines the issues for high-K high-temperature (/spl sim/1000/spl deg/C) poly-Si CMOS processes and devices and also demonstrate possible solutions. Specifically, we discuss device characteristics such as gate leakage currents, flatband voltage shifts, charge trapping, channel mobility, as well as integration and processing aspects. Results on a variety of high-K candidates including HfO/sub 2/, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, HfO/sub 2//Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, ZrO/sub 2/, silicates, and AlN/sub y/(O/sub x/) deposited on silicon by different deposition techniques are shown to illustrate the complex issues for high-K dielectric integration into current Si technology.
Capacitación para profesionales en la habilitación vocational de los retrasados mentales de El Salvador : un proyecto de la Agencia para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID) (1994)

Spatial demonstratives (words like <i>this</i> and <i>that</i>) have been thought to primarily be used for carving up space into a peripersonal and extrapersonal domain. However, when given a noun out of context and asked to couple it with a demonstrative, speakers tend to choose <i>this</i> for words denoting manipulable objects (small, harmless, and inanimate), while non-manipulable objects (large, harmful, and animate) are more likely to be coupled with <i>that</i>. Here, we extend these findings using the Demonstrative Choice Task (DCT) procedure and map demonstrative use along a wide spectrum of semantic features. We conducted a large-scale (<i>N</i> = 2197) DCT experiment eliciting demonstratives for 506 words, rated across 65 + 11 perceptually and cognitively relevant semantic dimensions. We replicated the finding that demonstrative choice is influenced by object manipulability. Demonstrative choice was furthermore found to be related to a set of additional semantic factors, including valence, arousal, loudness, motion, time and more generally, the self. Importantly, demonstrative choices were highly structured across participants, as shown by a strong correlation detected in a split-sample comparison of by-word demonstrative choices. We argue that the DCT may be used to map a generalized semantic space anchored in the <i>self</i> of the speaker, the self being an extension of the body beyond physical space into a multidimensional semantic space.
Putative Melatonin Receptors in a Human Biological Clock (1988)

In vitro autoradiography with 125I-labeled melatonin was used to examine melatonin binding sites in human hypothalamus. Specific 125I-labeled melatonin binding was localized to the suprachiasmatic nuclei, the site of a putative biological clock, and was not apparent in other hypothalamic regions. Specific 125I-labeled melatonin binding was consistently found in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of hypothalami from adults and fetuses. Densitometric analysis of competition experiments with varying concentrations of melatonin showed monophasic competition curves, with comparable half-maximal inhibition values for the suprachiasmatic nuclei of adults (150 picomolar) and fetuses (110 picomolar). Micromolar concentrations of the melatonin agonist 6-chloromelatonin completely inhibited specific 125I-labeled melatonin binding, whereas the same concentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine caused only a partial reduction in specific binding. The results suggest that putative melatonin receptors are located in a human biological clock.
Model-free Probabilistic Movement Primitives for physical interaction (2015)

Physical interaction in robotics is a complex problem that requires not only accurate reproduction of the kinematic trajectories but also of the forces and torques exhibited during the movement. We base our approach on Movement Primitives (MP), as MPs provide a framework for modelling complex movements and introduce useful operations on the movements, such as generalization to novel situations, time scaling, and others. Usually, MPs are trained with imitation learning, where an expert demonstrates the trajectories. However, MPs used in physical interaction either require additional learning approaches, e.g., reinforcement learning, or are based on handcrafted solutions. Our goal is to learn and generate movements for physical interaction that are learned with imitation learning, from a small set of demonstrated trajectories. The Probabilistic Movement Primitives (ProMPs) framework is a recent MP approach that introduces beneficial properties, such as combination and blending of MPs, and represents the correlations present in the movement. The ProMPs provides a variable stiffness controller that reproduces the movement but it requires a dynamics model of the system. Learning such a model is not a trivial task, and, therefore, we introduce the model-free ProMPs, that are learning jointly the movement and the necessary actions from a few demonstrations. We derive a variable stiffness controller analytically. We further extent the ProMPs to include force and torque signals, necessary for physical interaction. We evaluate our approach in simulated and real robot tasks.
Monolithic GaAs Interdigitated 90&#176; Hybrids with 50- and 25-Ohm Impedances (2005)

This paper describes the design, fabrication and performance of two monolithic GaAs C-band 900 interdigitated couplers with 50-ohm and 25-ohm impedances, respectively. A comparison of the performance of these two couplers shows thar the 25-ohm coupler has the advantages of lower loss, higher fabrication yield and needs fewer numbers of matching elements when it is used in the balanced amplifier configuration. The fewer number of matching elements results in great savings in the GaAs real estate for MMICS. Both the couplers have been fabricated on a 0.1 mm thick GaAs SI substrate. The measured results agree quite well with calculated results. The losses of the 50-ohm and 25-ohm couplers are 0.5 and 0.3 dB, respectively, over the 4-8 GHz frequency band.