gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inducible Costimulator Regulates Th2-Mediated Inflammation, but Not Th2 Differentiation, in a Model of Allergic Airway Disease (2001)

A novel costimulatory molecule expressed on activated T cells, inducible costimulator (ICOS), and its ligand, B7-related protein-1 (B7RP-1), were recently identified. ICOS costimulation leads to the induction of Th2 cytokines without augmentation of IL-2 production, suggesting a role for ICOS in Th2 cell differentiation and expansion. In the present study, a soluble form of murine ICOS, ICOS-Ig, was used to block ICOS/B7RP-1 interactions in a Th2 model of allergic airway disease. In this model, mice are sensitized with inactivated Schistosoma mansoni eggs and are subsequently challenged with soluble S. mansoni egg Ag directly in the airways. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with ICOS-Ig during sensitization and challenge attenuated airway inflammation, as demonstrated by a decrease in cellular infiltration into the lung tissue and airways, as well as by a decrease in local IL-5 production. These inhibitory effects were not due to a lack of T cell priming nor to a defect in Th2 differentiation. In addition, blockade of ICOS/B7RP-1 interactions during ex vivo restimulation of lung Th2 effector cells prevented cytokine production. Thus, blockade of ICOS signaling can significantly reduce airway inflammation without affecting Th2 differentiation in this model of allergic airway disease.
Genetic Variation of the Borrelia burgdorferi Gene vlsE Involves Cassette-Specific, Segmental Gene Conversion (1998)

The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi possesses 15 silent vls cassettes and a vls expression site (vlsE) encoding a surface-exposed lipoprotein. Segments of the silent vls cassettes have been shown to recombine with the vlsE cassette region in the mammalian host, resulting in combinatorial antigenic variation. Despite promiscuous recombination within the vlsE cassette region, the 5' and 3' coding sequences of vlsE that flank the cassette region are not subject to sequence variation during these recombination events. The segments of the silent vls cassettes recombine in the vlsE cassette region through a unidirectional process such that the sequence and organization of the silent vls loci are not affected. As a result of recombination, the previously expressed segments are replaced by incoming segments and apparently degraded. These results provide evidence for a gene conversion mechanism in VlsE antigenic variation.
Peer Reviewed: Extracting Hydrogen and Electricity from Renewable Resources (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeatureNEXTPeer Reviewed: Extracting Hydrogen and Electricity from Renewable ResourcesA roadmap for establishing sustainable processes.Bruce E. LoganCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 9, 160A–167APublication Date (Web):May 1, 2004Publication History Published online1 May 2004Published inissue 1 May 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es040468shttps://doi.org/10.1021/es040468snewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views9262Altmetric-Citations384LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (305 KB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydrogen Get e-Alerts
Trop, c'est trop ! (2004)

Y en a marre! Tom-Tom et Nana en ont assez de toujours etre punis et de ne jamais avoir le droit de rien faire! On sort les calicots et garre a ceux qui s'interposent!
mTORC1 and mTORC2 selectively regulate CD8+ T cell differentiation (2015)

Activation of mTOR-dependent pathways regulates the specification and differentiation of CD4+ T effector cell subsets. Herein, we show that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 have distinct roles in the generation of CD8+ T cell effector and memory populations. Evaluation of mice with a T cell-specific deletion of the gene encoding the negative regulator of mTORC1, tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), resulted in the generation of highly glycolytic and potent effector CD8+ T cells; however, due to constitutive mTORC1 activation, these cells retained a terminally differentiated effector phenotype and were incapable of transitioning into a memory state. In contrast, CD8+ T cells deficient in mTORC1 activity due to loss of RAS homolog enriched in brain (RHEB) failed to differentiate into effector cells but retained memory characteristics, such as surface marker expression, a lower metabolic rate, and increased longevity. However, these RHEB-deficient memory-like T cells failed to generate recall responses as the result of metabolic defects. While mTORC1 influenced CD8+ T cell effector responses, mTORC2 activity regulated CD8+ T cell memory. mTORC2 inhibition resulted in metabolic reprogramming, which enhanced the generation of CD8+ memory cells. Overall, these results define specific roles for mTORC1 and mTORC2 that link metabolism and CD8+ T cell effector and memory generation and suggest that these functions have the potential to be targeted for enhancing vaccine efficacy and antitumor immunity.
Sildenafil reverses cardiac dysfunction in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2010)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive and fatal genetic disorder of muscle degeneration. Patients with DMD lack expression of the protein dystrophin as a result of mutations in the X-linked dystrophin gene. The loss of dystrophin leads to severe skeletal muscle pathologies as well as cardiomyopathy, which manifests as congestive heart failure and arrhythmias. Like humans, dystrophin-deficient mice (mdx mice) show cardiac dysfunction as evidenced by a decrease in diastolic function followed by systolic dysfunction later in life. We have investigated whether sildenafil citrate (Viagra), a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, can be used to ameliorate the age-related cardiac dysfunction present in the mdx mice. By using echocardiography, we show that chronic sildenafil treatment reduces functional deficits in the cardiac performance of aged mdx mice, with no effect on normal cardiac function in WT controls. More importantly, when sildenafil treatment was started after cardiomyopathy had developed, the established symptoms were rapidly reversed within a few days. It is recognized that PDE5 inhibitors can have cardioprotective effects in other models of cardiac damage, but the present study reports a prevention and reversal of pathological cardiac dysfunction as measured by functional analysis in a mouse model of DMD. Overall, the data suggest that PDE5 inhibitors may be a useful treatment for the cardiomyopathy affecting patients with DMD at early and late stages of the disease.
Effect of Flavonoids on the Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. (2001)

The effect of dietary flavonoids (flavone, isoflavone, flavanone, chalcone, flavonol, and flavonol derivatives) on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, which is a hallmark of 3T3-L1 differentiation, was measured. The GPDH activity in the cells treated with quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin was significantly lower than that in the control cells. A low lipid accumulation in cells stained with Oil-Red O was observed following treatment of these flavonols. The anti-differentiation action of quercetin was more potent than that of its derivatives. Quercetin directly inhibited the activity of GPDH extracted from mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The inhibitory action of quercetin on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells may involve the direct inhibition of GPDH, which is a key enzyme lipid synthesis.
Discrete time techniques for time delay estimation (1993)

Basic aspects of time delay estimation (TDE) based on sampled signals are investigated. The direct cross-correlation method is analyzed and compared to the average square difference function (ASDF) and the (addition only based) average magnitude difference function (AMDF) estimators, Their relative accuracy is theoretically evaluated, and previous empirical results are explained. It is shown that both the ASDF- and the AMDF-based estimators outperform the direct cross-correlation based estimator for medium-high signal-to-noise ratios. Moreover, the AMDF-based estimator, which avoids any multiplications, significantly reduces the computational complexity of the estimation procedure while offering only a moderate performance loss with respect to the ASDF based estimator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
THE CELLULOSOME: The Exocellular Organelle of Clostridium (1993)

The cellulolytic enzyme complex of the anaerobic thermophile Clostridium thermocellum is reviewed. This complex, called the cellulosome, is cell associated and has a mass of from 2 x 10(6) to 6.5 x 10(6) Daltons. It consists of from 14 to 26 different polypeptides. Cellulosomes form larger complexes, polycellulosomes, with masses from 50 x 10(6) to 80 x 10(6) Daltons. The cellulosome efficiently hydrolyzes crystalline cellulose whereas individual polypeptides alone or in mixtures do not. Many of the polypeptides are catalytically active and can be characterized as endoglucanases, xylanases, and cellodextrinases. Several of the polypeptides have been sequenced including the largest subunit, CipA, that is a glycoprotein with a mass of 210 kDa. CipA has a cellulose-binding domain and nine internal repeated sequences postulated to bind eight catalytic subunits and a special peptide (ORF3p). The ORF3p anchors the CipA to the cell surface. CipA can be characterized as a scaffold holding the catalytic subunits that line up with the cellulose fiber. This arrangement allows a multiple cutting of the cellulose glucan chain. A similar system has been observed for other cellulosome-like complexes, notably Clostridium cellulovorans.
Helical Polymers: Synthesis, Structures, and Functions (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTHelical Polymers: Synthesis, Structures, and FunctionsEiji Yashima*†, Katsuhiro Maeda‡, Hiroki Iida†, Yoshio Furusho†, and Kanji Nagai†§View Author Information Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan* E-mail: [email protected]†Nagoya University.‡Kanazawa University.§Present address: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 11, 6102–6211Publication Date (Web):November 11, 2009Publication History Received23 April 2009Published online11 November 2009Published inissue 11 November 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr900162qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900162qreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34066Altmetric-Citations1462LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Conformation,Polymerization,Polymers,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Photochemistry of cobalt carbonyl complexes having a cobalt-silicon bond and its importance in activation of catalysis (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of cobalt carbonyl complexes having a cobalt-silicon bond and its importance in activation of catalysisCarol L. Reichel and Mark S. WrightonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 12, 3858–3860Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50214a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50214a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views429Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oligo- and Polyfluorene-Tetheredfac-Ir(ppy)3: Substitution Effects (2010)

A set of conjugated oligo- and polyfluorene-tethered fac-Ir(ppy)3 complexes were synthesized. In addition to steady-state absorption and emission, time-resolved emission spectroscopy was used to systematically study the correlation of photophysical properties with chemical structures. A chain length dependency study showed that both radiative and nonradiative triplet decay rates, as well as the phosphorescence quantum yield, decreased with increasing chain length of the appended oligofluorene. Notably, the complex with oligofluorene tethered to the pyridine para to phenyl ring possessed a substantially higher phosphorescence quantum efficiency and shorter lifetime than those of an isomeric complex with the oligofluorene linked to the phenyl ring para to pyridine. Nonetheless, both these two oligomer complexes exhibited an excited state of mixed MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) and LC (ligand-centered) transitions, whereas another isomeric complex having an oligofluorene appended to the phenyl ring para to the iridium ion exhibited a particularly long triplet lifetime (>100 μs), indicative of a 3LC excited state. A moderately high quantum yield (∼0.5) was displayed by this 3LC-featured phosphor. DFT calculations substantiated the proposition that the attachment of oligofluorene to Ir(ppy)3 at different positions resulted in varied molecular orbitals, with different relative contribution of MLCT to the emissive excited state. Hence, photophysical properties such as radiative decay rate, lifetime, and quantum yield, etc., were all influenced by the substitution isomerism. As these results indicated that if short lifetime and fast radiative decay were desired, among different substitution patterns appending the conjugated chain to the pyridine unit was the most favorable. Thus, star-shaped complexes with an oligo- or polyfluorene tethered to each of the three pyridine units of Ir(ppy)3 were prepared. In such a structure, the tris-cyclometalated iridium effected nearly complete intersystem crossing (ISC) in all three ligands across three fluorene units, without compromising the phosphorescence quantum yield. But the study showed that further extending the conjugated ligand resulted in partial ISC or even complete loss of capacity for ISC beyond a certain distance.
Design and Application of Self‐Assembled Low Molecular Weight Hydrogels (2005)

Abstract Over the past years, the gelation of aqueous solutions by low molecular weight (LMW) compounds has become an area of increasing interest, owing to developments in the field of LMW organogelators. Until recently, LMW hydrogelators were found only by serendipity, nowadays rational design as well as application of LMW hydrogelators has become feasible. As a consequence, an increasing number of responsive and functional LMW hydrogels are reported, offering great prospects for diverse applications including drug delivery and smart materials. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The AT&T Labs broadband fixed wireless field experiment (1999)

We describe an ongoing broadband fixed two-way wireless field experiment conducted by AT&T Laboratories-Research in Monmouth County, New Jersey. Our experiment, which is one of the first two-way broadband fixed wireless systems offers an end-to-end broadband packet access service, with telecommuting as the primary application for our employee users. It operates in the 2.6 GHz MMDS spectrum, and is based on cable modem technology. We have developed a Web-based network monitoring/management tool that greatly enhances the ability to manage, diagnose, and optimize the system. The lengthy period of operation has allowed us to make observations about user behavior, weather-related channel impairments, and equipment performance. We have identified several design issues related to the application of cable modem technology to the fixed wireless environment. Also, we have measured a significant path loss effect arising from a combination of rain and foliage.
Predicting Deleterious Amino Acid Substitutions (2001)

Many missense substitutions are identified in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data and large-scale random mutagenesis projects. Each amino acid substitution potentially affects protein function. We have constructed a tool that uses sequence homology to predict whether a substitution affects protein function. SIFT, which sorts intolerant from tolerant substitutions, classifies substitutions as tolerated or deleterious. A higher proportion of substitutions predicted to be deleterious by SIFT gives an affected phenotype than substitutions predicted to be deleterious by substitution scoring matrices in three test cases. Using SIFT before mutagenesis studies could reduce the number of functional assays required and yield a higher proportion of affected phenotypes. may be used to identify plausible disease candidates among the SNPs that cause missense substitutions.
Human papillomavirus may be common within nasopharyngeal carcinoma of Caucasian Americans: Investigation of Epstein‐Barr virus and human papillomavirus in Eastern and Western nasopharyngeal carcinoma using ligation‐dependent polymerase chain reaction (1999)

Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), particularly those tumors endemic to the Far East, commonly harbor Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), thought to serve as an important oncogenic promoter. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with a proportion of upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas. We hypothesized that HPV might also contribute to the pathogenesis of NPC, and we queried whether geographic and racial distinctions may be identified between NPC of the Far East versus those diagnosed in Caucasian American patients with regard to the interrelationship of histologic subtype and viral infection. Materials and Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET) from 30 patients (6 Caucasian Americans, 1 Chinese American, 14 and 9 patients from Korea and China, respectively) were studied using the ligation-dependent polymerase chain reaction (LD-PCR). These cases were histologically classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) schema for NPC. Consensus target probes complementary to the L1 region of over 30 HPV types, as well as target probes complementary to EBER-1 (EBV-related nontranslated latency-associated RNA), were used to amplify target sequences. Results Seven of 30 NPC (23%) contained HPV sequences. There were 6 Caucasian American patients with NPC; 3 cases (50%) were HPV positive (HPV+). Two of these Caucasian Americans had WHO type I tumors: one was HPV+ and EBV negative (EBV−) and the other was HPV−/EBV+. The remaining Caucasian American NPCs were WHO-II/III tumors which tested as follows: two were coinfected with HPV and EBV, the other two contained EBER but not HPV sequences. The single Oriental American patient had a WHO-III NPC which was HPV−/EBV+. Of the Eastern NPC patients, 4 (1 WHO-I, 3 WHO-II/III) of 23 (17%) NPCs contained HPV sequences as well as EBV. Conclusion Human papillomavirus appears to be uncommonly (17%) associated with NPC in patients from the Far East and was detected more often (50%) in NPC from American Caucasian patients. Some of these tumors conformed to our perceptions and expectations of NPC (eg, WHO-I tumors being EBV−/HPV+ and WHO-III tumors being EBV+/HPV−), but other tumors did not conform to these expectations (eg, WHO-III NPC occasionally harboring both HPV and EBV). There appears to be a broad profile in the relationship between HPV, EBV, and NPC histologic subtype. Unfortunately, the number of American Caucasian cases studied are too small to allow for strong conclusions. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 21: 21–29, 1999.
Mechanism of inhibition of theDrosophilaand mammalian EGF receptors by the transmembrane protein Kekkon 1 (2003)

The transmembrane protein Kekkon 1 (Kek1) has previously been shown to act in a negative feedback loop to downregulate the Drosophila Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (DER) during oogenesis. We show that this protein plays a similar role in other DER-mediated developmental processes. Structure-function analysis reveals that the extracellular Leucine-Rich Repeat (LRR) domains of Kek1 are critical for its function through direct association with DER, whereas its cytoplasmic domain is required for apical subcellular localization. In addition, the use of chimeric proteins between Kek1 extracellular and transmembrane domains fused to DER intracellular domain indicates that Kek1 forms an heterodimer with DER in vivo. To characterize more precisely the mechanism underlying the Kek1/DER interaction, we used mammalian ErbB/EGFR cell-based assays. We show that Kek1 is capable of physically interacting with each of the known members of the mammalian ErbB receptor family and that the Kek1/EGFR interaction inhibits growth factor binding, receptor autophosphorylation and Erk1/2 activation in response to EGF. Finally, in vivo experiments show that Kek1 expression potently suppresses the growth of mouse mammary tumor cells derived from aberrant ErbB receptors activation, but does not interfere with the growth of tumor cells derived from activated Ras. Our results underscore the possibility that Kek1 may be used experimentally to inhibit ErbB receptors and point to the possibility that, as yet uncharacterized, mammalian transmembrane LRR proteins might act as modulators of growth factor signalling.