gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave Irradiation as a Generator of Heat for Histological Fixation (1974)

The kitchen appliance known as the “radar oven” generates heat quickly in materials containing water. Protoplasm exposed to the irradiation can thus be denatured. The amount of heat generated is a function of the time of exposure and the intensity of the irradiation, and the size and specific heat of the tissue or organism being irradiated. But docs such heating have applicabiity to histological technique? One of four carcas temperaturea (approximately 60°, 70°, 77°, and 85 C) was generated in anaesthetized, adult hairless mice of both sexes. “Control” animals were not irradiated. Specimens of liver, kidney, lung, and (from males) testis were taken from the five groups; the tissue spedmens were dehydrated in tetrahydrofuran, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 9 μm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The preparations were suitable for histological examination. Each organ had an optimum temperature for histological fixation under the conditions of this experiment: liver, ∼70°; kidney, ∼77°; lung, ∼77°; and testis, ∼85 C. Heat fixation by microwave irradiation also shows some applicability to electron microscopical studies and to investigations of the blood vascular arrangements of organs.
Identification and characterization of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 recruitment sites within the epidermal growth factor receptor. (2003)

The oncogene signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is constitutively activated in a wide variety of human cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. In squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, Stat3 activation is mediated by up-regulation of the autocrine ligand-receptor pair, tumor growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), resulting in cell growth and resistance to apoptosis. The initiating molecular event in Stat3 activation is recruitment to specific phosphotyrosine motifs within signaling complexes. Stat3 activation by the EGFR has been mapped to the COOH-terminal region of the EGFR between amino acid residues 1061 and 1123, which contains Y1068 and Y1086. However, it is not known if Stat3 binds directly to the EGFR or if either of these tyrosines is involved in this interaction. In this study, we demonstrated in stably transfected NIH-3T3 cells that activation of Stat3 by EGFR was eliminated by mutation of all five EGFR tyrosines to phenylalanine and that activation was restored with return of two of the mutated tyrosine sites, Y1068 and Y1086, to wild-type. Stat3 was detected in the activated EGFR complex, and its presence within the complex was dependent on Y1068 and/or Y1086. Phosphododecapeptides spanning Y1068 and Y1086 were able to pull down Stat3 with Y1068 being more effective than Y1086 in this regard. Real-time mirror resonance affinity analysis revealed Stat3 bound to phosphododecapeptide Y1068 with a K(D) of 135 +/- 20 nM and to phosphododecapeptide Y1086 with a K(D) of 243 +/- 36 nM (P = 0.044), consistent with the results of the pull-down assays. The lower K(D) of Y1068 was completely attributable to slower dissociation of Stat3 bound to Y1068 versus Y1086. Each phosphododecapeptide was capable of destabilizing Stat3 homodimers in vitro. When delivered into squamous carcinoma cells, phosphopeptides spanning Y1068 and Y1086 were able to inhibit EGFR-stimulated Stat3 DNA binding activity and cell proliferation.
Does Topical Anesthesia of the Sphenopalatine Ganglion with Cocaine or Lidocaine Relieve Low Back Pain? (1986)

Berger, Jerry J. MD; Pyles, Stephen T. MD; Saga-Rumley, Segundina A. MD Author Information
Identification of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 Protein by Monoclonal Antibodies (1987)

A number of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 proteins have recently been identified in human cervical carcinoma cell lines using polyclonal antisera against papillomavirus gene products expressed in Escherichia coli. E7 protein has been found to be the most abundant papillomavirus protein in these cells. Here we describe a panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing a 15K Mr non-glycosylated cytoplasmic HPV-16 E7 protein. One of the antibodies cross-reacted with HPV-18 E7 protein.
Computed Tomographic Evidence for Generalized Sulcal and Ventricular Enlargement in Schizophrenia (1988)

Quantification of ventricular and sulcal volumes from the computed tomographic (CT) scans of 45 schizophrenic patients and 57 normal controls was carried out using a semi-automated computerized approach. The sizes of all cerebrospinal fluid spaces measured were significantly related to age in the control population. An age regression model was used to compare patients and controls. Schizophrenics had slightly larger ventricles and considerably larger sulci than controls. Enlargement of the ventricles and sulci was not correlated with measures of negative symptoms or neuropsychological impairment. The CT scans of eight very ill chronically institutionalized schizophrenics were also analyzed. Their CT findings did not differ significantly from the larger group of schizophrenics studied. Our results show that the cerebral atrophy found in schizophrenia is diffuse in nature and does not relate clearly to measures of disease severity or chronicity.
Pharmacodynamics of High-Dose Chemotherapy (2001)

There is usually considerable variability in anticancer drug plasma levels when delivered at high doses requiringstem-cell support. Given their narrow therapeuticwindows and wide interpatient pharmacokinetic variability, drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic-directed dosing representan attractive strategy in this setting. A major previous requirement to successful application of therapeuticdrug monitoringis identificationof a significant and clinically meaningful pharmacodynamic correlation between a pharmacokinetic parameter and a toxic or therapeutic outcome, or preferably, both. In this review, we will analyze the current knowledge of identified pharmacodynamic correlations in high-dose chemotherapy. We will summarize the observations from other authors and our own, on drugs employed at high doses, such as cyclophosphamide, melphalan, busulfan, carmustine, paclitaxel, or docetaxel.
Resisting Neoliberal Capitalism (2011)

This paper examines how a community resists the exploitive power of neoliberal capitalism by practices of self-determination and economic development that are grounded in Indigenous traditions and values. The sources I draw on for this examination are the decolonisation work of Taiaiake Alfred, the work on sustainable self-determination of Jeff Corntassel, the work on earth democracy of Vandana Shiva, and the writings on economic theory of Karl Polanyi and David Harvey. I argue that the Moloka`i community of Hawai`i is able to successfully assert power over a transnational corporation because the community has a strong commitment to a shared value system. This community power, though, is only strong when a critical mass of the community participates in the challenge to corporate power. Moloka`i is the last Hawaiian island. We who live here choose not to be strangers in our own land. The values of aloha `āina and mālama `āina (love and care for the land) guide our stewardship of Moloka`i’s natural resources, which nourish our families both physically and spiritually. ... We honor our island's Hawaiian cultural heritage, no matter what our ethnicity, and that culture is practiced in our everyday lives. Our true wealth is measured by the extent of our generosity.
Laser Action at the Cellular Level (1966)

During the past six years the new and exciting form of light energy which is generated by the laser has undergone preliminary studies as a potential tool of the physician, biologist, and biophysicist. As occurred in the early investigations of the biological uses of x-radiation and nuclear radiation, a multidisciplined approach was required, and consequently the cooperative efforts of biologists, physicians, physicists, and research engineers have been required in the evaluation of biological applications of the laser beam. It was initially evident that the unique properties of the laser beam, namely its high degree of coherence and monochromaticity, would permit the light energy to be delivered into areas which were in the order of a few microns in diameter. This interesting possibility encouraged the coupling of such standard optical devices as the microscope with the laser for the investigation of laser reactions at the cellular level. The laser systems that
A Scalable Wavelet Transform VLSI Architecture for Real-Time Signal Processing in High-Density Intra-Cortical Implants (2007)

This paper describes an area and power-efficient VLSI approach for implementing the discrete wavelet transform on streaming multielectrode neurophysiological data in real time. The VLSI implementation is based on the lifting scheme for wavelet computation using the symmlet4 basis with quantized coefficients and integer fixed-point data precision to minimize hardware demands. The proposed design is driven by the need to compress neural signals recorded with high-density microelectrode arrays implanted in the cortex prior to data telemetry. Our results indicate that signal integrity is not compromised by quantization down to 5-bit filter coefficient and 10-bit data precision at intermediate stages. Furthermore, results from analog simulation and modeling show that a hardware-minimized computational core executing filter steps sequentially is advantageous over the pipeline approach commonly used in DWT implementations. The design is compared to that of a B-spline approach that minimizes the number of multipliers at the expense of increasing the number of adders. The performance demonstrates that in vivo real-time DWT computation is feasible prior to data telemetry, permitting large savings in bandwidth requirements and communication costs given the severe limitations on size, energy consumption and power dissipation of an implantable device.
Tracking the articulated motion of two strongly interacting hands (2012)

We propose a method that relies on markerless visual observations to track the full articulation of two hands that interact with each-other in a complex, unconstrained manner. We formulate this as an optimization problem whose 54-dimensional parameter space represents all possible configurations of two hands, each represented as a kinematic structure with 26 Degrees of Freedom (DoFs). To solve this problem, we employ Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), an evolutionary, stochastic optimization method with the objective of finding the two-hands configuration that best explains observations provided by an RGB-D sensor. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed method is the first to attempt and achieve the articulated motion tracking of two strongly interacting hands. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments with simulated and real world image sequences demonstrate that an accurate and efficient solution of this problem is indeed feasible.
Protein Immobilization to a Partially Cross-Linked Organic Monolayer (2000)

The covalent attachment of Fab‘ fragments of polyclonal anti-human IgG to a polymerizable lipid with a terminal linker group (N-(ε-maleimidocaproyl)dilinoleoylphosphatidylethanolamine) was examined by means of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The linker lipid was embedded in a monolayer of dilinoleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. Both monomeric and cross-linked biofunctionalized monolayers were studied. Atomic force microscope images showed that the monomeric monolayer consisted of large holes when it was deposited on a solid substrate, while the cross-linked monolayer appeared as a planar two-dimensional film. The ability of the biofunctionalized monolayer to bind proteins decreased with UV-irradiation time. However, an increase in the linker lipid concentration in the lipid matrix increased the protein-binding efficiency. A comparison between QCM and SPR measurements indicated that the QCM measurements overestimated the binding efficiency of immobilized Fab‘ fragments toward hIgG. AFM images visualized the topographical changes of the different stages of the monolayer incubation in Fab‘, BSA, and hIgG protein solutions.
On the viability of implantable electrodes for the natural control of artificial limbs: Review and discussion (2012)

The control of robotic prostheses based on pattern recognition algorithms is a widely studied subject that has shown promising results in acute experiments. The long-term implementation of this technology, however, has not yet been achieved due to practical issues that can be mainly attributed to the use of surface electrodes and their highly environmental dependency. This paper describes several implantable electrodes and discusses them as a solution for the natural control of artificial limbs. In this context "natural" is defined as producing control over limb movement analogous to that of an intact physiological system. This includes coordinated and simultaneous movements of different degrees of freedom. It also implies that the input signals must come from nerves or muscles that were originally meant to produce the intended movement and that feedback is perceived as originating in the missing limb without requiring burdensome levels of concentration. After scrutinizing different electrode designs and their clinical implementation, we concluded that the epimysial and cuff electrodes are currently promising candidates to achieving a long-term stable and natural control of robotic prosthetics, provided that communication from the electrodes to the outside of the body is guaranteed.
[Anterior mediastinal mass with hyperthyroidism; report of a case]. (2004)

The patient was a 27-year-old man who had been diagnosed as having hyperthyroidism and with an anterior mediastinal mass which was reduced in size after anti-thyroid therapy. This mass was thought to be thymic hyperplasia associated with hyperthyroidism. An anterior mediastinal mass accompanying hyperthyroidism should be surgically treated when it dose not regress after an appropriate antithyroid therapy or there is a clinical suspicion of malignancy.
Exploring psychological abuse in childhood: II. Association with other abuse and adult clinical depression (2002)

A new retrospective interview assessment of childhood psychological abuse, an extension to the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) instrument, is described in a companion article (Moran, Bifulco, Ball, Jacobs, & Benaim, 2002). The purpose of the present article is to examine the relationship of childhood psychological abuse to other adverse childhood experiences and to major depression and suicidal behavior in adult life. Childhood experience and lifetime disorder were assessed retrospectively in a high-risk, community series of London women (n = 204). Psychological abuse from parents was examined in relation to seven other parental behaviors (neglect, antipathy, role reversal, discipline, supervision, physical abuse, and sexual abuse). Psychological abuse was significantly related to all seven behaviors. The highest associations found were to antipathy (gamma = .76), neglect (.73), and sexual abuse (.72). Factor analysis showed the existence of two factors reflecting care and control, with psychological abuse associated with both factors. Childhood psychological abuse was highly related to chronic or recurrent adult depression, with a "dose-response" evident for severity of abuse. The rates ranged from 83% for "marked" to 55% for "mild" abuse and 37% for "little/no" psychological abuse (p < .002). Psychological abuse was also related to lifetime suicidal behavior but here any level of abuse from marked to mild had similar rates (36% overall vs. 18% with no psychological abuse, p < .04). There was no evidence of specificity of childhood experience to adult depression; nearly all types of childhood adversity examined were significantly related. An analysis using an index of multiple abuse, including psychological abuse, showed a clear dose-response relationship to disorder. Somewhat fewer forms of maltreatment were related to suicidal behavior, but again multiples showed a clear dose-response effect.
Whole genome amplification from a single cell: implications for genetic analysis. (1992)

We have developed an in vitro method for amplifying a large fraction of the DNA sequences present in a single haploid cell by repeated primer extensions using a mixture of 15-base random oligonucleotides. We studied 12 genetic loci and estimate that the probability of amplifying any sequence in the genome to a minimum of 30 copies is not less than 0.78 (95% confidence). Whole genome amplification beginning with a single cell, or other samples with very small amounts of DNA, has significant implications for multipoint mapping by sperm or oocyte typing and possibly for genetic disease diagnosis, forensics, and the analysis of ancient DNA samples.
VERY SHORT PATCH MISMATCH REPAIR IN PHAGE LAMBDA: REPAIR SITES AND LENGTH OF REPAIR TRACTS (1986)

Five amber mutations in the repressor (cI) gene of bacteriophage lambda recombine anomalously with nearby cI mutations. When any of these markers is used in four-factor crosses, cI+ recombinants that are expected to require three cross-overs occur at high frequencies. These recombinants are attributable to very-short-patch (VSP) repair of specific mismatches in DNA heteroduplexes formed during recombination between the markers flanking cI. The sites of the repair-prone mutations and the lengths of repair tracts have now been determined. Amber mutations subject to VSP repair are C to T transitions in 5'CCATGG, the sequence methylated by the product of gene dcm, and also in the related 5'CAGG or 5'CCAG sequences. Ambers arising in CAG sequences found in other contexts, or in codons other than CAG, were not subject to VSP repair. Repair tracts rarely, if ever, exceed ten nucleotides in length, and can be as short as two nucleotides. A repair-prone mutation does not stimulate recombination between flanking cI markers.
Cation–π Interactions at the Active Site of Factor Xa: Dramatic Enhancement upon Stepwise N‐Alkylation of Ammonium Ions (2008)

In pocket: A new class of potent inhibitors of factor Xa features a quaternary ammonium ion to fill the aromatic box in the S4 pocket and a 2-chlorothiophenyl group to occupy the S1 pocket (see picture; red O, blue N, yellow S, green Cl). Changing from a primary to a quaternary ammonium ion increases the binding affinity by a factor of 1000. The poor affinity in the former case suggests negligible cation–π interactions between Lys and Trp.
Altered growth behavior and phenotypic expression of cells of mouse and hamster cell lines after treatment with polyanions. (1977)

Effect of polyanions on saturation density and production of viscous substance of cells of mouse and hamster cell lines was studied. Cell lines used were 3T6, HA-2 and HA-8 cells. Polyanions were dextran sulfate, (3,6-anhydro-4-o-beta-galactopyranosyl-2-D-galactopyranose-2,4'-bis (potassium/sodium sulfate) (1 leads to 3) polysaccharide (polygeenan) and dextran phosphate. Dextran sulfate reduced the saturation densities of cell lines. Growth of 3T6 cells was not significantly affected by dextran sulfate. Polygeenan and dextran phosphate could not decrease the saturation densities of all the cell lines tested. The production of viscous substance into medium from the treated cells increased after treatment with all polyanions with the exception of dextran phosphate of molecular weight 40,000. It was suggested that specific structure of polyanion might be necessary for the decrease of saturation density of cell lines. Furthermore, it appears that dextran sulfate decreases saturation density of cell line along with change of phenotypic expression of cells.
Compound action potentials recorded in the human spinal cord during neurostimulation for pain relief (2011)

Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord provides effective pain relief to hundreds of thousands of chronic neuropathic pain sufferers. The therapy involves implantation of an electrode array into the epidural space of the subject and then stimulation of the dorsal column with electrical pulses. The stimulation depolarises axons and generates propagating action potentials that interfere with the perception of pain. Despite the long-term clinical experience with spinal cord stimulation, the mechanism of action is not understood, and no direct evidence of the properties of neurons being stimulated has been presented. Here we report novel measurements of evoked compound action potentials from the spinal cords of patients undergoing stimulation for pain relief. The results reveal that Aβ sensory nerve fibres are recruited at therapeutic stimulation levels and the Aβ potential amplitude correlates with the degree of coverage of the painful area. Aβ-evoked responses are not measurable below a threshold stimulation level, and their amplitude increases with increasing stimulation current. At high currents, additional late responses are observed. Our results contribute towards efforts to define the mechanism of spinal cord stimulation. The minimally invasive recording technique we have developed provides data previously obtained only through microelectrode techniques in spinal cords of animals. Our observations also allow the development of systems that use neuronal recording in a feedback loop to control neurostimulation on a continuous basis and deliver more effective pain relief. This is one of numerous benefits that in vivo electrophysiological recording can bring to a broad range of neuromodulation therapies.
MEASUREMENT OF PEDESTRIAN FLOW DATA USING IMAGE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES (1990)

Image analysis techniques are applied to measure number of pedestrians and their walking directions. A new algorithm, which consists of eight steps, is developed. An image device system is used to record pedestrian images in a hallway passage. An image subtraction procedure, thinning procedure, filling procedure, and Boolean-type operation are derived for the algorithm to process and analyze the images. Results show that image analysis has significant potential in the area of automatic measurement of pedestrian flow data. However, in this preliminary stage, the process has only limited success. For low- to average-density pedestrian traffic situations, the accuracy in measuring the number of pedestrians and their direction of travel is about 93% and 92%, respectively. The time complexity of the algorithm and the possibility of real-time analysis are also discussed.
The response time of a surface thermometer employing encapsulated thermochromic liquid crystals (1987)

A time-varying surface temperature may be measured by a thin film of encapsulated thermochromic liquid crystal applied to the surface. The work reported in this paper has assessed, for engineering purposes, the response of such a film to a rapidly increasing surface temperature. Rates of increase in temperature of greater than 2000 degrees C s -1 were employed in these tests. The experiments show that the delay between the time at which the surfaces reaches the steady-state colour display temperature and the occurrence of the colour display is no more than a few milliseconds. The particular type of film used employed a micro-encapsulated chiral nematic thermochromic liquid crystal which was supplied by BDH and applied to the surface by a screen printing technique to a thickness of approximately 10 mu m. The conduction of heat into the film is analysed, but this would not appear to explain the observed response time of the thermometer.