gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PROGESTERONE AND OESTRADIOL-17β CONCENTRATIONS IN THE PERIPHERAL PLASMA DURING PREGNANCY IN THE MOUSE (1974)

SUMMARY The concentration of progesterone and oestradiol-17β in peripheral plasma was determined by radioimmunoassay on each day of pregnancy in the mouse. The progesterone concentration, low on days 1 and 2, correlated with the histological development of the corpora lutea. Progesterone levels during the first half of pregnancy rose to a peak on day 6 with a significant decrease ( P &lt; 0·02) on day 7. Peripheral progesterone concentration during the second half of pregnancy rose on days 12–13 with a peak on days 14–17, and declined after day 17, 3 days before the onset of parturition. Oestradiol-17β concentrations were high on day 1, declined precipitously to low levels on days 2 and 3 recovering slightly on day 4. The levels then fell and remained low from day 5 to days 15–16, when there was a significant increase in oestradiol-17β concentration which continued until day 20.
Vaccination of rhesus monkeys with synthetic peptide in a fusogenic proteoliposome elicits simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1992)

An effective vaccine against the human immunodeficiency virus should be capable of eliciting both an antibody and a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. However, when viral proteins and peptides are formulated with traditional immunological adjuvants and inoculated via a route acceptable for use in humans, they have not been successful at eliciting virus-specific, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted CTL. We have designed a novel viral subunit vaccine by encapsulating a previously defined synthetic peptide CTL epitope of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gag protein within a proteoliposome capable of attaching to and fusing with plasma membranes. Upon fusing, the encapsulated contents of this proteoliposome can enter the MHC class I processing pathway through the cytoplasm. In this report, we show that after a single intramuscular vaccination, rhesus monkeys develop a CD8+ cell-mediated, MHC class I-restricted CTL response that recognizes the synthetic peptide immunogen. The induced CTL also demonstrate antiviral immunity by recognizing SIV gag protein endogenously processed by target cells infected with SIV/vaccinia recombinant virus. These results demonstrate that virus-specific, MHC class I-restricted, CD8+ CTL can be elicited by a safe, nonreplicating viral subunit vaccine in a primate model for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Moreover, the proteoliposome vaccine formation described can include multiple synthetic peptide epitopes, and, thus, offers a simple means of generating antiviral cell-mediated immunity in a genetically heterogeneous population.
Herpes simplex virus IE63 acts at the posttranscriptional level to stimulate viral mRNA 3' processing (1992)

We have shown previously that a novel herpes simplex virus-induced activity, LPF, selectively increases RNA 3'-end processing at the poly(A) site of a late virus gene (J. McLauchlan, S. Simpson, and J. B. Clements, Cell 59:1093-1105, 1989). Here, our in vivo and in vitro analyses both demonstrate that LPF is induced during early stages of virus infection. Studies of virus mutants indicate that expression of the immediate-early IE63 gene is required for induction of this activity. The selective effects on 3' processing displayed in the presence of IE63 provide direct evidence that IE63 can influence this posttranscription process. This extends previous studies which reported increases in reporter gene activity with certain poly(A) sites by IE63 (R. M. Sandri-Goldin and G. E. Mendoza, Genes Dev. 6:848-863, 1992).
Using PCM in Next-generation Embedded Space Applications (2010)

Dynamic RAM (DRAM) has been the best technology for main memory for over thirty years. In embedded space applications, radiation hardened DRAM is needed because gamma rays cause transient errors; such rad-hard memories are extremely expensive and power hungry, leading to lower life (or increased battery weight) for satellite and other devices operating in space. Despite these problems, DRAM has been the technology of choice because it has better performance and it scales well. New, more energy efficient, non-volatile, scalable, radiation resistant memory technologies are now available, namely phase-change memory (PCM), making the DRAM choice much less compelling. However, current approaches require changes to PCM device internal circuitry, the operating system and/or the CPU cache-memory organization/interface. This paper presents a new, practical, detailed architecture, called PMMA, to effectively use PCM for main memory in next-generation embedded space systems. We designed PMMA avoiding changes to commodity PCM devices, the operating system, and the existing CPU cache-memory interface, enabling plug-in replacement of a conventional DRAM main memory by one constructed with PMMA. Our architecture incorporates novel mechanisms to address PCM’s limitations including expensive write operations, asymmetric read/write latency, and limited endurance. In our evaluation we show that PMMA achieves a 60% improvement in energy-delay over a conventional DRAM main memory.
Biochemical characterization of an anti-Candida factor produced by Enterococcus faecalis (2012)

The inhibitory activity of the test strain is due to the synthesis of an antimicrobial protein. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation of a promising non-haemolytic anti-Candida protein from E. faecalis that might be used to treat candidiasis especially in immunocompromised patients.
The role of biofilms in otolaryngologic infections (2004)

Now that basic research has demonstrated that the vast majority of bacteria exist in biofilms, the biofilm concept of disease is beginning to spread throughout the clinical world. Understanding that many of the infections that affect structures of the head and neck are actually biofilm related is fundamental to developing rational strategies for treatment and prevention.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in individuals with minimal or occult immunosuppression (2009)

These results indicate that PML can occur in patients with minimal or occult immunosuppression, and one can revisit the generally accepted notion that profound cellular immunosuppression is a prerequisite for the development of PML.
Fluorescent Protein Biosensors: Measurement of Molecular Dynamics in Living Cells (1995)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
TNF-α and IFN-γ inversely modulate expression of the IL-17E receptor in airway smooth muscle cells (2006)

The interleukin-17B receptor (IL-17BR) is expressed in a variety of tissues and is upregulated under inflammatory conditions. This receptor binds both its cognate ligand IL-17B and IL-17E/IL-25, a novel cytokine known to promote Th2 responses. The present study shows that airway smooth muscle cells express IL-17BR in vitro and that its expression is upregulated by TNF-alpha and downregulated by IFN-gamma. Our data indicate that TNF-alpha upregulates IL-17BR mainly through nuclear factor-kappaB as assessed with the IkappaB kinase 2 inhibitor AS-602868. In addition, both IFN-gamma and dexamethasone are able to antagonize a TNF-alpha-induced IL-17BR increase in mRNA expression. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor U0126 totally reversed the inhibition observed with IFN-gamma, suggesting the involvement of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in this effect. In addition, on stimulation with IL-17E, airway smooth muscle cells increase their expression of ECM components, namely procollagen-alphaI and lumican mRNA. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of biopsies from asthmatic subjects reveals that this receptor is abundant in smooth muscle layers. This is the first report showing IL-17BR receptor in structural cells of the airways. Our results suggest a potential proremodeling effect of IL-17E on airway smooth muscle cells through the induction of ECM and that its receptor is upregulated by proinflammatory conditions.
Filaggrin in the frontline: role in skin barrier function and disease (2009)

Recently, loss-of-function mutations in FLG, the human gene encoding profilaggrin and filaggrin, have been identified as the cause of the common skin condition ichthyosis vulgaris (which is characterised by dry, scaly skin). These mutations, which are carried by up to 10% of people, also represent a strong genetic predisposing factor for atopic eczema, asthma and allergies. Profilaggrin is the major component of the keratohyalin granules within epidermal granular cells. During epidermal terminal differentiation, the approximately 400 kDa profilaggrin polyprotein is dephosphorylated and rapidly cleaved by serine proteases to form monomeric filaggrin (37 kDa), which binds to and condenses the keratin cytoskeleton and thereby contributes to the cell compaction process that is required for squame biogenesis. Within the squames, filaggrin is citrullinated, which promotes its unfolding and further degradation into hygroscopic amino acids, which constitute one element of natural moisturising factor. Loss of profilaggrin or filaggrin leads to a poorly formed stratum corneum (ichthyosis), which is also prone to water loss (xerosis). Recent human genetic studies strongly suggest that perturbation of skin barrier function as a result of reduction or complete loss of filaggrin expression leads to enhanced percutaneous transfer of allergens. Filaggrin is therefore in the frontline of defence, and protects the body from the entry of foreign environmental substances that can otherwise trigger aberrant immune responses.
Design Data Storage and Extraction Using Objects (1993)

The problems of data and process decomposition and representation in engineering design are the objectives of this paper. In any typical mechanical design, many very complex interdependencies are generated Interdependencies abound in heuristic rules, physical laws, corporate policies, etc Managing and controling these interdependent links is very difficult, especially in the context of concurrent engineering Design data decomposition needs to be investigated to break up the large design while also providing a framework to manage the links Design decomposition is investigated from a data modeling perspective and an object-oriented paradigm (OOP) perspective A data modeling technique, called object-oriented analysis by Coad and Yourdon, is selected to build a data relationship model of the engineering analysis phase of design and results in an object-oriented product model (OOPM). The OOPM is implemented in Smalltalk A major emphasis of the research is to consider the alternative "views" that the design should possess A "view" can be thought of as a different perspective of the same design: a structural engineer may want a different "view" of the design as opposed to the "view" that a marketing person may want The views may give some insight into how to conduct the decomposition of a complex design for concurrent operation. This concept of views is implemented on top of the OOPM and recommendations are drawn as to the applicability and flexibility of the model.
Phosphatidylcholine (Lecithin) and the Mucus Layer: Evidence of Therapeutic Efficacy in Ulcerative Colitis? (2010)

Colonic mucus protects against attacks from bacteria in stool. One component of mucus is phosphatidylcholine (PC) which is thought to be arranged as continuous lamellar layer in the apical mucus and to be responsible for establishing a protective hydrophobic surface. This 'intestinal surfactant' plays a key role in mucosal defense. Thus, a defective PC layer contributes to the development of inflammation. Analysis of rectoscopically acquired mucus aliquots revealed a 70% decrease in PC content in ulcerative colitis (UC) compared to Crohn's disease (CD) and healthy controls - independent of disease activity. Accordingly, we propose that lack of mucus PC is a key pathogenetic factor in UC. In clinical studies a delayed-release oral PC preparation (rPC) was found to substitute the lack of PC in rectal mucus. Indeed, in non-steroid-treated active UC, 53% of rPC patients reached remission [clinical activity index (CAI) ≤3] compared to 10% of placebo patients (p ≤ 0.001). Endoscopic and histologic findings improved concomitantly. A second trial with 60 chronic-active, steroid-dependent UC patients was conducted to test for steroid-sparing effects. Complete steroid withdrawal with a concomitant achievement of remission (CAI ≤3) or clinical response (≥50% CAI improvement) was reached in 15 PC-treated patients (50%) but only in 3 (10%) placebo patients (p = 0.002). In conclusion, intrinsic reduction of PC (lecithin) in colonic mucus may be a key pathogenetic feature of UC. Topical supplement of PC by a delayed-released oral PC preparation is effective in resolving inflammatory activity of UC and may develop to a first-choice therapy for this disease.
Independent component analysis of fMRI data: Examining the assumptions (1998)

Independent component analysis (ICA), which separates fMRI data into spatially independent patterns of activity, has recently been shown to be a suitable method for exploratory fMRI analysis. The validity of the assumptions of ICA, mainly that the underlying components are spatially independent and add linearly, was explored with a representative fMRI data set by calculating the log-likelihood of observing each voxel's time course conditioned on the ICA model. The probability of observing the time courses from white-matter voxels was higher compared to other observed brain regions. Regions containing blood vessels had the lowest probabilities. The statistical distribution of probabilities over all voxels did not resemble that expected for a small number of independent components mixed with Gaussian noise. These results suggest the ICA model may more accurately represent the data in specific regions of the brain, and that both the activity-dependent sources of blood flow and noise are non-Gaussian.
Reducing motion artifact in wearable biosensors using mems accelerometers for active noise cancellation (2005)

This paper presents an active noise cancellation method using a MEMS accelerometer that recovers wearable sensor signals corrupted by body motion. The method is developed for a finger ring photoplethysmograph (PPG) sensor, the signal of which is susceptive to the hand motion of the wearer. A MEMS accelerometer (ACC) imbedded in the PPG sensor detects the hand acceleration, and is used for recovering the corrupted PPG signal, based upon two different methods of modeling the process of signal corruption. The correlation between the acceleration and the distorted PPG signal is analyzed, and a low-order FIR model relating the signal distortion to the hand acceleration is obtained. The model parameters are identified in real time with a recursive least square method. Experiments show that the active noise cancellation method can recover ring PPG sensor signals corrupted with 2G of acceleration in the longitudinal direction of the digital artery.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Mirror Image of the RNA Fragment D‐CAAGG: A Model Compound to Study Interactions Between Oligonucleotides of Opposite Handedness. (1987)

Abstract The building blocks (II) required for the synthesis of the title compound (V) are accessible starting from the L‐ribo nucleosides (I) the synthesis of which is described.
Use of Purified Clostridium difficile Spores To Facilitate Evaluation of Health Care Disinfection Regimens (2010)

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrheal disease in many parts of the world. In recent years, distinct genetic variants of C. difficile that cause severe disease and persist within health care settings have emerged. Highly resistant and infectious C. difficile spores are proposed to be the main vectors of environmental persistence and host transmission, so methods to accurately monitor spores and their inactivation are urgently needed. Here we describe simple quantitative methods, based on purified C. difficile spores and a murine transmission model, for evaluating health care disinfection regimens. We demonstrate that disinfectants that contain strong oxidizing active ingredients, such as hydrogen peroxide, are very effective in inactivating pure spores and blocking spore-mediated transmission. Complete inactivation of 10⁶ pure C. difficile spores on indicator strips, a six-log reduction, and a standard measure of stringent disinfection regimens require at least 5 min of exposure to hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV; 400 ppm). In contrast, a 1-min treatment with HPV was required to disinfect an environment that was heavily contaminated with C. difficile spores (17 to 29 spores/cm²) and block host transmission. Thus, pure C. difficile spores facilitate practical methods for evaluating the efficacy of C. difficile spore disinfection regimens and bringing scientific acumen to C. difficile infection control.
Sigma Gamma Epsilon 2012-2013 W. A. Tarr Awards (2014)

The W. A. Tarr Award was first established in March 1949, to recognize outstanding students in the Earth Sciences. Qualifying criteria for the award are provided as well as a list of individuals who received this award for the 2012-2013 academic year.
On building very large naming systems (1992)

This position paper draws attention to the construction of very large scale distributed naming systems. Some existing systems of this kind include the Domain Name System (DNS) and the DEC Distributed Name Service (DEC DNS) [10,11]. One of the most important requirements for the system is high availability. Replication is therefore of particular interest in structuring such a system.It is difficult to implement replication for a large and still growing distributed system. Although replication promises attractive properties such as high availability and enhanced reliability, the cost for maintaining consistency is substantial. Many replication control methods have been developed and studied, but few keep a good balance between high availability and reliability. Although replication has been used for large naming and authentication systems [1,10], it is only successful in situations in which the application can handle stale naming data. If an application must keep close track of some key naming data, it may be badly interrupted if the naming data is out of date. In such situations, the standard replication process is not adequate. In the following sections, I will explain the problem in further detail and describe a solution to it based on the experience of designing a global naming system - the Universal Name Service at Cambridge University Computer Laboratory [9].
Reaction of Cystine with Sodium Sulfide in Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Cystine with Sodium Sulfide in Sodium Hydroxide SolutionG. SATYANARAYANA RAO and GEORGE GORINCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 6, 749–753Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01088a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views952Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (593 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pulse Oximetry and Circulatory Kinetics Associated with Pulse Volume Amplitude Measured by Photoelectric Plethysmography (1986)

Through a catheter placed in a superficial vein on the finger, we observed a pulsatile venous pressure. To delineate the relationship between the pulsatile venous pressure and the pulse volume amplitude (PVA) recorded by photoelectric plethysmography (PEPG), both tracings were simultaneously recorded. When the PVA changed acutely or gradually, the venous pulse pressure and mean venous pressure simultaneously followed the same trend. We also found that mean PVO2 (135 mm Hg) was greater when the PVA and venous pulse pressure increased above the level (50 mm Hg) observed when they decreased. These findings suggested that the finger pulse detected by PEPG, as well as by pulse oximetry, is caused by pulsations in veins rather than by pulsations in arterial beds. In experiments to evaluate the validity of this hypothesis, we found that the average value of hemoglobin saturation (%SaO2) measured by the pulse oximeter of the dependent fingertip and finger base when dependent was 1.5% and 7.8% lower than when the fingertip and finger base were elevated. Also, the PVA detected by the pulse oximeter followed the same trend as %SaO2. This finding was explained by venous congestion in the dependent finger. On the basis of the high venous pressure, the behavioral trends between the PVA and venous pressure, the high PVO2, and the low %SaO2 and PVA in the dependent finger, we conclude that the PVA of the PEPG is determined mainly by venous pulse volume generated by shunting of arterial pulse via open arteriovenous (AV) anastomoses in the cutaneous circulation.
Giant Cell Arteritis (2016)

This issue provides a clinical overview of giant cell arteritis, focusing on diagnosis, treatment, and practice improvement. The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self-Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing divisions and with the assistance of additional science writers and physician writers.
Isolation of Arabidopsis mutants with altered seed fatty acid composition (1989)

Peer support works in complex ways that are affected by personal and social contexts. Providers, commissioners and evaluators can use this review to understand and maximise the valuable benefits of peer support, to minimise potential risks, and to devise ways of reaching mothers who do not currently engage with it.