gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CAD-compatible high-speed CMOS/SIMOX gate array using field-shield isolation (1995)

A specific 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS/SIMOX technology was developed for a gate array/sea of gate (SOG) using field-shield (FS) isolation to overcome a pending problem of source-to-drain breakdown voltage (BV/sub ds/) lowering. FS isolation is capable of improving BV/sub ds/ because surplus holes generated by impact ionization at the drain region are collected through the body region under the FS gate. BV/sub ds/ was maintained at a level of junction breakdown before reaching the punchthrough limitation at a gate length of around 0.3 /spl mu/m using the FS isolation. The FS isolation technique was successfully applied to an SOG gate array on a SIMOX substrate. The gate array has the same area as that on the bulk-Si and is compatible to a conventional bulk-Si CAD system because the layout is basically the same. A 53-stage ring oscillator fabricated on the FS isolated SOG gate array exhibited 1.7 times higher speed operation than that on a bulk-Si counterpart, keeping low power consumption characteristics up to a drain voltage of 3 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dendrimeric Pyridoxamine Enzyme Mimics (2003)

PAMAM dendrimers from generations 1-6 were synthesized with pyridoxamine in their core. They transaminated pyruvic and phenylpyruvic acids in water to alanine and phenylalanine, respectively, with Michaelis-Menten kinetics and high effectiveness compared with simple pyridoxamine. The largest dendrimers-similar in size to some globular proteins-were comparable in effectiveness to a previous polyethylenimine (PEI)-pyridoxamine catalyst, and to a protein-pyridoxamine catalyst, but not as effective as a previous PEI-pyridoxamine carrying lauryl hydrophobic groups. The new catalysts showed both general acid/base catalysis by their amino groups and hydrophobic binding of the phenylpyruvate substrate.
Applications of cellulases (1985)

Conference Article| April 01 1985 Applications of cellulases MARY MANDELS MARY MANDELS 1Science and Advanced Technology Laboratory, U.S. Army Natick Research and Development Center, Natick, MA 01760, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1985) 13 (2): 414–416. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0130414 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation MARY MANDELS; Applications of cellulases. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1985; 13 (2): 414–416. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0130414 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1985 Biochemical Society1985 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Polymeric sustained local drug delivery system for the prevention of vascular intimal hyperplasia (2003)

Abstract Anastomotic intimal hyperplasia (IH) is a major cause of both autologous vein and synthetic vascular graft failure. We have previously published data suggesting that cyclosporin may reduce the development of IH in a canine model. However, systemic administration of cyclosporin could create serious adverse effects. Therefore, it is our long‐term goal to test the hypothesis that the controlled local release of cyclosporin from a polymeric vascular wrap will prevent the development of IH. To test this hypothesis, we developed a controlled release vascular wrap (sheet/ring) using a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel. Sterilization of the polymers was performed using the ethylene oxide and hydrogen peroxide sterilization methods. It was found that except for one combination (8000 molecular weight and 1:1 crosslinking ratio), the differences in the swelling ratios for the sterilized and unsterilized hydrogels were not statistically significant. Release studies from unsterilized and ethylene oxide‐sterilized PEG hydrogels were conducted. It was found that release lasted for approximately 50 h for sterilized as well as unsterilized PEG hydrogels. Acute animal studies, to test the deployment of both the polymeric sheets and rings to the adventitial surface of native arteries and veins, were completed successfully. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 68A: 489–495, 2004
Comparison of Efficacies of Cysteine Protease Inhibitors against Five Strains of Plasmodium falciparum (2001)

Falcipain-2, a cysteine protease and essential hemoglobinase of Plasmodium falciparum, is a potential antimalarial drug target. We compared the falcipain-2 sequences and sensitivities to cysteine protease inhibitors of five parasite strains that differ markedly in sensitivity to established antimalarial drugs. The sequence of falcipain-2 was highly conserved, and the sensitivities of all of the strains to falcipain-2 inhibitors were very similar. Thus, cross-resistance between cysteine protease inhibitors and other antimalarial agents is not expected in parasites that are now circulating and falcipain-2 remains a promising chemotherapeutic target.
High-Resolution Ultrastructural Comparison of Renal Glomerular and Tubular Basement Membranes (1999)

Ultrastructural differences in renal basement membranes may be related to differences in physiologic function in each segment.
Alternative splicing generates an isoform of the human Sef gene with altered subcellular localization and specificity (2004)

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) control a multitude of biological processes and are therefore subjected to multiple levels of regulation. Negative feedback is one of the mechanisms that provide an effective means to control RTK-mediated signaling. Sef has recently been identified as a specific antagonist of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in zebrafish and subsequently in mouse and human. Sef encodes a putative type I transmembrane protein that antagonizes the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in all three species. Mouse Sef was also shown to inhibit the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. We show here that an alternative splicing mechanism generates an isoform of human Sef, hSef-b, which unlike the previously reported Sef (hSef-a) is a cytosolic protein. Contrary to hSef-a, which is ubiquitously expressed, hSef-b transcripts display a restricted pattern of expression in human tissues. hSef-b inhibits FGF-induced cell proliferation and prevents the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase without affecting the upstream component MAPK kinase. Furthermore, hSef-b does not antagonize FGF induction of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. In addition to the effects on FGF signaling, hSef-b inhibited cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor but not other RTK ligands. Therefore, alternative splicing of the hSef gene expands the Sef feedback inhibition repertoire of RTK signaling.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induces monocyte recruitment that is associated with an increase in numbers of osteoblasts (1997)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a member of the chemokine family of cytokines. The principal function of MCP-1 is thought to be the stimulation of monocyte recruitment. Monocyte products are potential regulators of bone cell activity. Growth factors produced by monocytes may stimulate bone formation, while cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-6 can induce bone resorption. To determine whether MCP-1 enhances recruitment of monocytes during bone healing, studies were carried out in which MCP-1 was applied to osseous sites in vivo. Changes in monocyte number were determined by immunohistochemistry using the antibody ED-1 specific for peripheral monocytic cells. The effect of MCP-1 on osteoblast number was determined by counting the number of alkaline phosphatase positive cells in close proximity to bone. For comparison, osteoblast number was also determined following stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB plus IGF-1 in vivo. Results indicate that MCP-1 stimulated a large increase in monocyte recruitment compared to vehicle alone. An increase in monocytes induced by MCP-1 was associated with an increase in the number of osteoblasts lining the bone surface, although not to the same magnitude as a positive control, PDGF-BB, and IGF-1. These results indicate that MCP-1 induces the recruitment of monocytes to bone and suggest that the recruitment is associated with an increase in osteoblast number. This is likely to occur via indirect mechanisms, because MCP-1 did not directly enhance DNA synthesis in osteoblastic cells in vitro. Thus, activated mononuclear phagocytes may play an important role in osseous wound healing by stimulating proliferation of osteoblastic cells, presumably through the elaboration of growth factors.
Biodegradable 3D printed polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery (2018)

Biodegradable polymer microneedle (MN) arrays are an emerging class of transdermal drug delivery devices that promise a painless and sanitary alternative to syringes; however, prototyping bespoke needle architectures is expensive and requires production of new master templates. Here, we present a new microfabrication technique for MNs using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing using polylactic acid, an FDA approved, renewable, biodegradable, thermoplastic material. We show how this natural degradability can be exploited to overcome a key challenge of FDM 3D printing, in particular the low resolution of these printers. We improved the feature size of the printed parts significantly by developing a post fabrication chemical etching protocol, which allowed us to access tip sizes as small as 1 μm. With 3D modeling software, various MN shapes were designed and printed rapidly with custom needle density, length, and shape. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that our method resulted in needle tip sizes in the range of 1-55 μm, which could successfully penetrate and break off into porcine skin. We have also shown that these MNs have comparable mechanical strengths to currently fabricated MNs and we further demonstrated how the swellability of PLA can be exploited to load small molecule drugs and how its degradability in skin can release those small molecules over time.
Quality Enhancement of the Non-immune Phage scFv Library to Isolate Effective Antibodies (2006)

The non-immune phage antibody library system is one of the most attractive technologies available to current therapeutic, diagnostic and basic scientific research. This system allows the rapid isolation of antibodies of interest that could subsequently be applied directly to drug delivery systems and antibody therapy. Previously, we reported the primer sets to encompass the antibody repertoire and thus improve library quality. However, a wide number of varying primer sets cause to decrease the amplification efficiency of antibody genes. In the present study, we re-generated the library primer sets newly and constructed an improved library from non-immune mice that was far superior in terms of variety and quality. This new library contained 2.4 billion independent clones. In addition, we optimized the selection step from this library to isolate high-affinity antibodies. The optimization of an affinity panning protocol by the incorporation of an automated Microfluidics instrument led to the successful isolation of three different monoclonal antibodies for human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR). These antibodies were demonstrated to exhibit high specificity and were able to detect a mere 0.6 fmol of KDR by dot blot analysis. Previously reported antibodies for luciferase were also isolated successfully from this library. Our results clearly demonstrate the importance of the improved protocol for the library preparation of antibodies and the resulting isolation of antibodies for clinical and research applications.
Defect of multidrug-resistance 3 gene expression in a subtype of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (1996)

Disruption of the murine mdr2 (multidrug-resistance) gene, which encodes a phosphatidylcholine flippase, leads to a hepatic disorder because of loss of biliary phospholipid secretion. Among the hereditary human cholestasis, a subtype of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis with high gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) serum activity shares histological, biochemical, and genetic features with mice lacking mdr2 gene expression (mdr2 -/- mice). No MDR3 (human mdr2 homolog) messenger RNA (mRNA) was detected by Northern blotting in the liver of a patient suffering from this form of PFIC, and the biliary phospholipid level in a second patient was substantially decreased. Thus, the absence of the MDR3 P-glycoprotein may be responsible for this type of PFIC, which, as in the murine model, may be due to a toxic effect of bile acids on the biliary epithelium in absence of biliary phospholipids.
Matrix animation and polar decomposition (1992)

Results of the present study suggest that patients with subcondylar fracture fare better with open reduction in comparison with those suffering condylar neck or head fractures. Delayed-onset deformation tends to occur in patients with a short proximal segment, comminuted head, and obliquity of the fracture line. A renewed algorithm is thus provided to address the high condylar fracture problems.
“Ten strikes and you're out”: Increasing the number of login attempts can improve password usability (2003)

Many users today are struggling to manage an increasing number of passwords. As a consequence, many organizations face an increasing demand on an expensive resource – the system administrators or help desks. This paper suggests that re-considering the “3- strikes” policy commonly applied to password login systems would be an immediate way of reducing this demand. We analyzed 10 weeks worth of system logs from a sample of 386 users, whose login attempts were not restricted in the usual manner. During that period, only 10% of login attempts failed. We predict that requests for password reminders could be reduced by up to 44% by increasing the number of strikes from 3 to ten.
Anisotropy and Magnetostriction of Some Ferrites (1955)

Magnetic crystal anisotropy and magnetostriction have been measured in various single crystals of ferrites having compositions represented approximately by $M{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, where $M$ stands for Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn in various proportions. Special attention is given to heat-treatment in a magnetic field.The magnetic anisotropy of cobalt ferrite at room temperature is as high as 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{6}$ ergs/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. Magnetostriction is as high as 800\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$. Magnetic anneal is effective at temperatures as low as 150\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, and causes the hysteresis loop to become square. In polycrystalline material the response to magnetic anneal is a maximum at compositions intermediate between Co${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$.The constants for the various specimens are tabulated. Values of the anisotropy constants of Mn${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ at 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and -196\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C are the same as those determined from ferromagnetic resonance experiments. At -196\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C the constant for ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{0.75}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2.25}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ differs markedly from that determined by ferromagnetic resonance; this is to be expected from the relaxation phenomena observed by Galt, Yager, and Merritt.
Selective deposition of Ta2O5 by adding plasma etching super-cycles in plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition steps (2016)

In this paper, a new route for a selective deposition of thin oxide by atomic layer deposition is discussed. The proposed process is using super cycles made of an additional plasma etching step in a standard plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process. This allows the selective growth of a thin oxide on a metal substrate without a specific surface deactivation by means of self assembled monolayer. It is shown that adding a small amount of NF3 etching gas to an oxygen plasma gas every eight cycles of the PEALD process helps to fully remove the Ta2O5 layer on Si and/or SiO2 surface while keeping few nanometers of Ta2O5 on the TiN substrate. NF3 addition is also used to increase the incubation time before Ta2O5 growth on Si or SiO2 substrate. In this way, a selective deposition of Ta2O5 on the TiN substrate is obtained with properties (density, leakage current…) similar to the ones obtained in a conventional PEALD mode. Hence, the authors demonstrate that a future for selective deposition could be a process using both PEALD and atomic layer etching.
Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of 111In- and 177Lu-labeled J591 antibody specific for prostate-specific membrane antigen: prediction of 90Y-J591 radiation dosimetry based on 111In or 177Lu? (2005)

111In- and 177Lu-labeled J591 antibodies have similar plasma and whole-body clearance kinetics. The net retention of 111In activity by lung, liver, and spleen is slightly higher compared with that with 177Lu. These results justify using 111In as a chemical and biologic surrogate for 90Y. However, the radiation dose to the liver may be overestimated by about 25% based on 111In data. In addition, the data also suggest that 177Lu may be a potential alternative for estimating the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of 90Y-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
A 3.6 gigasample/s 5 bit analog to digital converter using 0.3 /spl mu/m AlGaAs-HEMT technology (1993)

A 0.3 /spl mu/m AlGaAs-HEMT technology was used to develop a high speed analog to digital converter (ADC). The 5-b converter based on a parallel architecture, operates up to a 3.6 GHz sampling rate. Excellent dynamic performance was achieved by an optimized comparator design and careful layout of the signal and clock lines. Each comparator is preceeded by a preamplifier to enhance its sensitivity and to minimize clock kickback. Using source follower buffers at the input, a very linear input capacitance was achieved. Thus the ADC's overall input capacitance is voltage independent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Magnetic and electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex for intractable tinnitus (2004)

Tinnitus is a distressing symptom that affects up to 15% of the population for whom no satisfactory treatment exists. The authors present a novel surgical approach for the treatment of intractable tinnitus, based on cortical stimulation of the auditory cortex. Tinnitus can be considered an auditory phantom phenomenon similar to deafferentation pain, which is observed in the somatosensory system. Tinnitus is accompanied by a change in the tonotopic map of the auditory cortex. Furthermore, there is a highly positive association between the subjective intensity of the tinnitus and the amount of shift in tinnitus frequency in the auditory cortex, that is, the amount of cortical reorganization. This cortical reorganization can be demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method of activating or deactivating focal areas of the human brain. Linked to a navigation system that is guided by fMR images of the auditory system, TMS can suppress areas of cortical plasticity. If it is successful in suppressing a patient's tinnitus, this focal and temporary effect can be perpetualized by implanting a cortical electrode. A neuronavigation-based auditory fMR imaging-guided TMS session was performed in a patient who suffered from tinnitus due to a cochlear nerve lesion. Complete suppression of the tinnitus was obtained. At a later time an extradural electrode was implanted with the guidance of auditory fMR imaging navigation. Postoperatively, the patient's tinnitus disappeared and remains absent 10 months later. Focal extradural electrical stimulation of the primary auditory cortex at the area of cortical plasticity is capable of suppressing contralateral tinnitus completely. Transcranial magnetic stimulation may be an ideal method for noninvasive studies of surgical candidates in whom stimulating electrodes might be implanted for tinnitus suppression.
Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) in the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (2008)

The median age was 66 years (+/- 4.16), and the median duration of symptoms was 4 months (+/- 1.81). There were six cases of inferior branch vein occlusion and six cases of superior branch retinal vein occlusion. Mean VA improved from 1.32 +/- 0.24 (logMAR values) at baseline to 0.8 +/- 0.15 (p = 0.0003) at the 6-month follow-up. The macular edema responded promptly, and a trend to restoration of normal macular anatomy was observed at by the seventh day. Mean FT improved from 615.50 +/- 116.29 microns to 420 +/- 72.53 microns (p = 0.001), and the mean MV improved from 19.81 +/- 2.31mm3 to 9.23 +/- 1.38 (p = 0.0001) at the 6-month follow-up.
Precision Medicine in COVID-19: IL-1β a Potential Target (2020)

As of April 4, 2020, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been confirmed in 1,395,136 people worldwide, with a mortality of approximately 5.8%.

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, there has been an urgent need for effective treatments. A wide spectrum of disease severity has been described, ranging
Status of collision-pumped x-ray lasers (1995)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ciaran L. S. Lewis; Status of collision‐pumped x‐ray lasers. AIP Conf. Proc. 1 May 1995; 332 (1): 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.48002 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Structure, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Prospects of Family C G-Protein Coupled Receptors (2006)

Family C of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) from humans is constituted by eight metabotropic glutamate (mGlu(1-8)) receptors, two heterodimeric gamma-aminobutyric acid(B) (GABA(B)) receptors, a calcium-sensing receptor (CaR), three taste (T1R) receptors, a promiscuous L-alpha-amino acid receptor (GPRC6A), and five orphan receptors. Aside from the orphan receptors, the family C GPCRs are characterised by a large amino-terminal domain, which bind the endogenous orthosteric agonists. Recently, a number of allosteric modulators binding to the seven transmembrane domains of the receptors have also been reported. Family C GPCRs regulate a number of important physiological functions and are thus intensively pursued as drug targets. So far, two drugs acting at family C receptors (the GABA(B) agonist baclofen and the positive allosteric CaR modulator cinacalcet) have been marketed. Cinacalcet is the first allosteric GPCR modulator to enter the market, which demonstrates that the therapeutic principle of allosteric modulation can also be extended to this important drug target class. In this review we outline the structure and function of family C GPCRs with particular focus on the ligand binding sites, and we present the most important pharmacological agents and the therapeutic prospects of the receptors.