gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in Clara Cell 10 kDa Protein (CC10)-positive Cell Distribution in Acute Lung Injury Following Repeated Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in the Rat (2008)

Clara cell 10 kDa protein (CC10) is the major secretory protein of Clara cells and is thought to play a protective role in the lung owing to its anti-inflammatory properties. There is little information on the anatomical distribution of CC10-positive cells in rat lung following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. We have determined the expression of CC10 along the tracheobronchial tree in saline-treated and LPS-treated rats. Saline-treated rats showed sporadic CC10 staining in central airways and abundant staining in bronchioles. In transitional airways, most cells were positive except for squamous cells. Following LPS challenge, there was a reduction in staining in the upper airways but little change within bronchioles. Squamous epithelia within the transitional airways now showed positive staining. These cells also co-stained for pancytokeratin and appeared to co-localize with surfactant D- and Ki67-positive cells, indicating the presence of a dedifferentiated cell type with both epithelial and pneumocyte phenotypes. These data show that diffuse inflammatory injury results in generalized loss of CC10 in central airways. Conversely, the transitional airways showed evidence of a dedifferentiated population of squamous cells that now stained for CC10. We hypothesize that this is an attempt by peripheral lung to maintain alveolar sac integrity during an inflammatory episode.
Drain-induced Schottky barrier source-side hot carriers and its application to program local bits of nanowire charge-trapping memories (2014)

A new mechanism of drain-induced Schottky barrier lowering is reported experimentally for Schottky barrier nanowire devices. The strong drain-induced barrier lowering and associated source-side hot electrons were employed to program the localized bits of nanowire charge-trapping memory cells. For Schottky barrier nanowire devices, two different mechanisms of Schottky barrier lowering are classified: 1) gate-controlled and 2) drain-induced. In the drain-mode conduction, the lowering of Schottky source barrier relies on the drain voltage. The smaller gate voltage and the larger drain voltage are, the higher drain current is attained. The pure drain-induced current can locally program the nanowire charge-trapping cells at a drain voltage of 5–6 V. The decoupled forward and reverse reading curves confirm the trap charges are sorely programmed at the source-side region. This new drain-induced lowering mechanism provides a practical approach to program the multi-bit/cell NOR-type nanowire charge-trapping memories, and the drain-mode programming preserves excellent thermal retention and cycling endurance.
Efficacy of a Swab Transport System in Maintaining Viability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Streptococcus pneumoniae (2001)

The efficacy of swab transport systems in maintaining viability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Streptococcus pneumoniae is crucial both for establishing definitive diagnosis and for monitoring emerging resistance. We tested the efficacy of a newly modified Amies charcoal swab transport system, the StarSwab SP131X (Starplex Scientific, Inc., Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada), by using a combined total of 31 clinical and American Type Culture Collection stock reference strains of N. gonorrhoeae and S. pneumoniae in 46 suspensions of concentrations ranging from 10(5) to 10(8) CFU/ml. Triplicate swabs per strain held at room temperature for 0, 24, and 48 h were plated without prior vortexing, and their growths were graded. All 31 strains were viable at 0 and 24 h. Gonococcal viability at 48 h varied considerably, even among strains with comparable inoculum sizes, suggesting that viability might be strain dependent and confirming the different structural and growth profiles of gonococcal strains. S. pneumoniae strains showed consistent viability, with all strains recovered at all holding periods. This study demonstrates that the StarSwab SP131X is capable of maintaining the viability of N. gonorrhoeae and S. pneumoniae for at least 24 and 48 h, respectively, and reinforces the need for adequate sampling and for timely processing of specimens to maintain optimum performance.
Synthesis, antiproliferative, and antiviral activity of certain 4-substituted and 4,5-disubstituted 7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (1990)

The sodium salts of 4-chloro- and several 4-chloro-5-substituted-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines were treated with [1,3-bis(benzyloxy)-2-propoxy]methyl chloride (6) to provide the corresponding 4-chloro- and 4-chloro-5-substituted-7-[[1,3-bis(benzyloxy)-2-propoxy]methyl]pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidines (7-11). Debenzylation with boron trichloride at -78 degrees C furnished 4-chloro- and several 4-chloro-5-substituted-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidines (12.16). Subsequent amination of 12-16 yielded the 4-amino-5-substituted-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidines (17-21). Treatment of 14 with methylamine and 13 and 14 with ethylamine yielded the 4-(alkylamino)-5-halo-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2- propoxy)methyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (22-24). Treatment of 12-15 with hydroxylamine in refluxing 2-propanol yielded the 5-substituted-4-(hydroxyamino)-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]pyrrol o [2,3-d]pyrimidines (25-28). Treatment of compound 12 with Pd/C under a hydrogen atmosphere has furnished the nebularine analogue 31. The antiproliferative activity of compounds 17-28 and 31 was studied using L1210 cells in vitro. The 4-amino- and 4-(hydroxyamino)-5-halogenated derivatives (compounds 18-20, 26-28) inhibited cell growth. Although the effect of compounds 18-20 and 27 on final growth rate was pronounced (IC50 = 2.3, 0.7, 2.8, and 3.7 microM, respectively), cells underwent at least one doubling before cell division stopped. The remaining compounds were less cytotoxic, with IC50's greater than 30 microM for 21, 23, 26, and 28, whereas no inhibition of L1210 cell growth was observed with compounds 17, 22, 24, 25, and 31 at 100 microM. The antiviral activity of these compounds also was tested. Compounds 18-20 and 26-28 were active against human cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex type 1. The 4-amino derivatives (18-20) were more active than the 4-hydroxyamino derivatives (26-28), the 4-amino-5-bromo and 4-amino-5-iodo derivatives produced more than five log reductions in virus titer at concentrations of 10-100 microM. Although some cytotoxicity was observed at these concentrations, compound 19 was active against murine cytomegalovirus in vivo. At 5.6 mg/kg, 14/15 animals survived compared to 10/15 treated with 5.6 mg/kg of ganciclovir or 1/15 treated with placebo.
Pharmacogenomics: Translating Functional Genomics into Rational Therapeutics (1999)

Genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, receptors, and other drug targets have been linked to interindividual differences in the efficacy and toxicity of many medications. Pharmacogenomic studies are rapidly elucidating the inherited nature of these differences in drug disposition and effects, thereby enhancing drug discovery and providing a stronger scientific basis for optimizing drug therapy on the basis of each patient's genetic constitution.
Nanoparticle size and surface properties determine the protein corona with possible implications for biological impacts (2008)

Nanoparticles in a biological fluid (plasma, or otherwise) associate with a range of biopolymers, especially proteins, organized into the "protein corona" that is associated with the nanoparticle and continuously exchanging with the proteins in the environment. Methodologies to determine the corona and to understand its dependence on nanomaterial properties are likely to become important in bionanoscience. Here, we study the long-lived ("hard") protein corona formed from human plasma for a range of nanoparticles that differ in surface properties and size. Six different polystyrene nanoparticles were studied: three different surface chemistries (plain PS, carboxyl-modified, and amine-modified) and two sizes of each (50 and 100 nm), enabling us to perform systematic studies of the effect of surface properties and size on the detailed protein coronas. Proteins in the corona that are conserved and unique across the nanoparticle types were identified and classified according to the protein functional properties. Remarkably, both size and surface properties were found to play a very significant role in determining the nanoparticle coronas on the different particles of identical materials. We comment on the future need for scientific understanding, characterization, and possibly some additional emphasis on standards for the surfaces of nanoparticles.
Theory of the kinetics of reactions catalyzed by enzymes attached to membranes (1974)

Abstract A theoretical treatment has been worked out for the kinetics of solid‐supported enzyme systems, with diffusive and electrostatic effects taken into account. A utilization factor, defined as the ratio of the actual reaction rate to the rate of substrate consumption in the outer solution, is defined, and equations to evaluate the utilization factor are given for five kinetic conditions: (a) Michaelis‐Menten behavior, (b) substrate inhibition, (c) product inhibition (competitive), (d) product inhibition (noncompetitive), and (e) product inhibition (anticompetitive). When the solid‐supported enzymes obey a Michaelis‐Menten relationship, an equation for the apparent Michaelis constant is given and a criterion for insignificant diffusion effects is shown. A substrate‐inhibited enzyme reaction may display multiple steady‐state behavior, and a criterion for uniqueness is presented. In the case of product‐inhibited enzyme reactions, the utilization factor is always less than that which corresponds to a Michaelis‐Menten relationship. Equations to evaluate the apparent Michaelis and inhibition constants are given.
Amine oxidation and the chemistry of quinone imines. Part I. 3-Methoxy-4-t-butylaniline (1972)

With potassium ferricyanide or silver oxide the oxidation of 3-methoxy-4-t-butylaniline gives an azobenzene (4) and three phenazines (5)–(7). Chromatographic separation of the ferricyanide oxidation products on neutral alumina results in the formation of N-aryl-p-quinone imines (8) and (9), the NN′-diaryl-p-quinone di-imine (10), and an N-arylphenazineimine (11). With the exception of compounds (8) and (10) these products are also formed during chromatography of the silver oxide oxidation products, in which the presence of the N-aryl-o-quinone di-imine (27) is disclosed. The latter is shown to be the precursor of the quinone imines (9) and (11).Chemical and spectroscopic evidence is advanced for the structures of these products, and their likely origin is demonstrated. The intermediacy and subsequent rearrangement of an iminocyclohexadiene oxidation product (34) can explain the formation of the quinone imine products (8) and (10). No carbon–carbon coupled products were isolated.
Effect of NO Donors on LV Diastolic Function in Patients With Severe Pressure-Overload Hypertrophy (1999)

In patients with severe pressure-overload hypertrophy, intracoronary NO donors exert a marked decrease in LV end-diastolic pressure without affecting LV systolic pump function. Thus, the hypertrophied myocardium appears to be particularly susceptible to NO donors, with a marked improvement in diastolic function.
Boosting with recombinant vaccinia increases immunogenicity and protective efficacy of malaria DNA vaccine (1998)

To enhance the efficacy of DNA malaria vaccines, we evaluated the effect on protection of immunizing with various combinations of DNA, recombinant vaccinia virus, and a synthetic peptide. Immunization of BALB/c mice with a plasmid expressing Plasmodium yoelii (Py) circumsporozoite protein (CSP) induces H-2Kd-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses and CD8+ T cell- and interferon (IFN)-gamma-dependent protection of mice against challenge with Py sporozoites. Immunization with a multiple antigenic peptide, including the only reported H-2Kd-restricted CD8+ T cell epitope on the PyCSP (PyCSP CTL multiple antigenic peptide) and immunization with recombinant vaccinia expressing the PyCSP induced CTL but only modest to minimal protection. Mice were immunized with PyCSP DNA, PyCSP CTL multiple antigenic peptide, or recombinant vaccinia expressing PyCSP, were boosted 9 wk later with the same immunogen or one of the others, and were challenged. Only mice immunized with DNA and boosted with vaccinia PyCSP (D-V) (11/16: 69%) or DNA (D-D) (7/16: 44%) had greater protection (P < 0. 0007) than controls. D-V mice had significantly higher individual levels of antibodies and class I-restricted CTL activity than did D-D mice; IFN-gamma production by ELIspot also was higher in D-V than in D-D mice. In a second experiment, three different groups of D-V mice each had higher levels of protection than did D-D mice, and IFN-gamma production was significantly greater in D-V than in D-D mice. The observation that priming with PyCSP DNA and boosting with vaccinia-PyCSP is more immunogenic and protective than immunizing with PyCSP DNA alone supports consideration of a similar sequential immunization approach in humans.
Visualization of the neurovascular bundles and major pelvic ganglion with fluorescent tracers after penile injection in the rat (2008)

FG injection into the penis has consistent retrograde staining of the NVBs and MPG after 3 days. Therefore, we predict that FG could potentially be used to improve the identification of the NVB in other models. However, further studies need to be carried out before these tracers can be used in humans.
Metastatic sublines of an SV40 large T antigen immortalized human prostate epithelial cell line (1998)

These cytogenetically defined, SV40T-immortalized human prostate epithelial cell lines, with distinct biological behaviors in vivo, provide additional tools for the genetic analysis of the emergence of metastatic capacity.
Stereochemistry of cationic polar cycloaddition (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of cationic polar cycloadditionI. John Westerman and Charles K. BradsherCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 5, 727–733Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01319a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (909 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Fatty Acid Synthase and Cancer: New Application of an Old Pathway (2006)

Fatty acid synthase (FAS), the sole mammalian enzyme capable of de novo fatty acid synthesis, is highly expressed in most human carcinomas. FAS is associated with poor prognosis in breast and prostate cancer, is elaborated into the blood of cancer patients, and its inhibition is selectively cytotoxic to human cancer cells. Thus, FAS and fatty acid metabolism in cancer has become a focus for the potential diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Two‐stage thermal unfolding of [Cys55]‐substituted Cro repressor of bacteriophage λ (1991)

It has been shown by scanning calorimetry and 1H NMR spectroscopy that thermal denaturation of mutant lambda phage cro repressor in which Val55 was substituted for Cys, proceeds in 2 stages in contrast to the wild type protein. At neutral pH values, an additional cooperative transition has been observed at about 100 degrees C. Calorimetric measurements on the mutant and its tryptic fragment lead to the conclusion that the two-stage character of thermal unfolding of the mutant is due to a disruption of an additional cooperative domain in the dimer molecule which is stabilized by the S-S crosslink.
Multiple-access with time hopping and block waveform PPM modulation (2002)

The use of time-hopped block waveform encoding PPM signals sets for multiple access communications is studied. The multiple access performance is analyzed in terms of the number of users supported by the system for a given bit error rate and bit transmission rate. The analysis shows that this technique is potentially able to provide multiple-access communications with a combined transmission capacity of over 500 Megabits per second at bit error rates in the range 10/sup -4/ to 10/sup -8/ using receivers of moderate complexity.
Obesity Induces Expression of Uncoupling Protein-2 in Hepatocytes and Promotes Liver ATP Depletion (1999)

Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) uncouples respiration from oxidative phosphorylation and may contribute to obesity through effects on energy metabolism. Because basal metabolic rate is decreased in obesity, UCP2 expression is predicted to be reduced. Paradoxically, hepatic expression of UCP2 mRNA is increased in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis of ob/ob livers demonstrate that UCP2 mRNA and protein expression are increased in hepatocytes, which do not express UCP2 in lean mice. Mitochondria isolated from ob/ob livers exhibit an increased rate of H+ leak which partially dissipates the mitochondrial membrane potential when the rate of electron transport is suppressed. In addition, hepatic ATP stores are reduced and these livers are more vulnerable to necrosis after transient hepatic ischemia. Hence, hepatocytes adapt to obesity by up-regulating UCP2. However, because this decreases the efficiency of energy trapping, the cells become vulnerable to ATP depletion when energy needs increase acutely.
From Bioweapons Backwater to Main Attraction (2003)

The anthrax research community has got together for the first time in 2 years, and they find themselves in a new field. The 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States have prompted a flood of new money into labs focusing on the causative agent,
 Bacillus anthracis.
Hardware implementation of a low-complexity detector for large MIMO (2009)

Large MIMO systems represents an effective way to transmit reliably at very high data-rate, but their complexity still represents a problem for practical realization. This paper addresses the hardware implementation of a low-complexity and high-performance detector for a 32 times 32 MIMO. It allows to reach very high data rate, up to more than 170 Mbit/s with a 64 QAM with BER 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1.5</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> and constitutes a cost effective improvement over basic detection schemes.
Optical method for measurement of number and shape of attached cells in real time (1995)

A novel, on-line method of accurately parametrizing the shape of spreading cells is described. The substrate on which the cells are deposited serves as an optical waveguide. The method is based on the interaction between the evanescent part of the guided waves and the cells. No special labelling of the cells is required. A mathematical framework for interpreting the results is derived, and some illustrative results are presented.
Phase I Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of CT-011, a Humanized Antibody Interacting with PD-1, in Patients with Advanced Hematologic Malignancies (2008)

A single administration of 0.2 to 6.0 mg/kg of CT-011 is safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies.
Characterisation of Multiple Carrier Transport in Indium Nitride Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2006)

Transport properties of two distinct electron species in indium nitride grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been measured. Variable field Hall and resisitivity voltages were used in a quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (QMSA) to extract the concentrations and mobilities of the two electron species; attributed to the bulk electrons and a surface accumulation layer. Single magnetic field data corresponds to neither electron species. The bulk electron distribution has an extracted average mobility of 3570cm(2)/(Vs) at 300 K, which rises to over 5100cm(2)/(Vs) at 150 K. Bulk electron concentration in the sample is 1.5 x 10(17) cm(-3). The surface electrons have a higher sheet charge density and an order of magnitude lower average mobility than those in the bulk.
Validation of on-line power dynamics measurements (2003)

As HV power transmission systems are increasingly stressed by growing commercial and environmental pressures, a tool is needed to provide on-line estimates of dynamic characteristics. Such a tool must provide reliable estimates of inter-area mode damping, and must be easy to use in a control room environment, allowing control engineers to take remedial actions. Over the last four years, Scottish Power has been evaluating a Psymetrix Power Dynamics Monitor (PDM) which provides on-line estimates of dynamic parameters for a 400 kV interconnector. Validation issues that need to be addressed are discussed and some validation tests of the PDM are reported. Results of plant ringdown testing, used for system dynamic analysis, are reported for a series of tests on the Scottish Power network and compared with results obtained from the PDM. The analysis technology incorporated in the PDM benefits the transmission industry by improving the performance of existing transmission resources and providing cost-effective security monitoring.
COA Modeling with Probabilistic Ontologies. (2011)

Planning during complex endeavors is a daunting task in many aspects. An important one is the representation of shared intent, which is an open research topic focused on expressing a common picture among different planning systems with distinct languages, and sometimes disparate problem solving methodologies. The common approach is to use a translator between the order/request message and the planning system, which doesn’t convey all the elements that are necessary to support the planning task. The present research proposes to address this issue by the use of a semantic layer as an interface among different planning systems, which not only improves interoperability but also provides support for pruning the search space before the information is sent to the planning system. The layer is based on a probabilistic ontology, which provides shared intent description as well as formalization of the operational domain and of the planning problem, including a principled representation of the involved uncertainty. The proposed scheme supports previous analysis of the search space in order to send to the planning system a concise set of tasks that will contribute to reach the desired end state. Keywords—Interoperability, Automated Planning, Probabilistic Ontology.