gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of stresses in chemical vapor deposited vitreous films (1980)

Thermal stresses in chemical vapor deposited (CVD) vitreous silicate and phosphosilicate glass (PSG) films on Si substrates are measured in situ from room temperature (RT) to 900 °C. As-deposited films grown at one atmospheric (APCVD) and lower pressures (LPCVD) are found to be inherently under a tensile and compressive stress at RT, respectively. On heating to 500 °C, the tensile component of the stress develops in both CVD films. Tensile stress increases with time at a given temperature. In the range 500–900 °C, the tensile component is reduced with temperature and time. During the cooling process from a temperature between 700 and 900 °C, the stress component of APCVD and LPCVD films changes from tension to compression. With APCVD film, the temperature dependence of the stress in the range RT–500 °C can be represented as a function of phosphorous concentration in mol % P2O5. Temperature and time dependence, and thermal hysteresis are attributable to water content, sintering, and viscoelastic properties of CVD film. These are explained from the viewpoint of glass annealing and softening temperature points.
Reaction of unsaturated uronic acid residues with mercuric salts. Cleavage of the hyaluronic acid disaccharide 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-d-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-d-glucose (1987)

Degradation of connective-tissue polysaccharides with bacterial or fungal eliminases and subsequent characterization of the reaction products are now part of standard methodology for the analysis of these compounds. However, the scope of preparative and analytical work based on the use of eliminases has been limited by the lack of procedures for specific removal of the unsaturated uronic acid residues generated in the eliminase reactions. In the present investigation, we have shown that these residues are cleaved by mercuric salts under mild conditions that are not likely to affect other structures in an oligo- or poly-saccharide molecule. Thus the disaccharide generated from hyaluronic acid by digestion with chondroitinase AC or ABC was cleaved into a keto acid and free N-acetylglucosamine within 10 min at room temperature upon exposure to 14 mM-mercuric acetate at pH 5. The reaction of the disaccharide with mercuric salts was used for ready determination of the distribution of radioactivity between the glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine moieties in radioactive hyaluronic acid that had been synthesized by IMR-90 fibroblasts from 3H-labelled monosaccharides. When the precursor was [3H]galactose, over 95% of the incorporated radioactivity was found in the glucuronic acid moiety. In contrast, cells grown in the presence of [3H]glucosamine synthesized a polysaccharide in which almost all of the label was located in the N-acetylglucosamine units. It is apparent from these experiments that the reaction of unsaturated uronic acid residues with mercuric salts provides a new tool with potential for many applications in the study of the structure and metabolism of connective-tissue polysaccharides.
A series of three-dimensional lanthanide metal–organic frameworks with biphenylethene-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid: Hydrothermal syntheses and structures (2010)

Biphenylethene-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (H2bpea) reacts with lanthanide(III) oxide (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Er) or nitrate salts of lanthanide(III) (Ln = Eu, La, Tb) under hydrothermal conditions to form a series of lanthanide complexes 1–8, which were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, PL TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These eight complexes exhibit four different kinds of 3-D frameworks. The complexes [Ln(bpea)(formate)]n (Ln = Sm (1), Eu (2), Gd (3), Tb (4), Er (5)) were isomorphous and exhibited 3-D pillared layered frameworks. The eight-coordinated lanthanide ions in complexes 1–5 are bridged by the formate anions into 2-D covalent nets, which are further interconnected by the bpea ligands to produce the 3-D framework. While the formate anions are neglected, the new generated 3-D framework shows a four-connected SrAl2 net. The nine-coordinated europium ions in complex [Eu(bpea)(formate)]n (6) are also bridged by the formate anions into similar 2-D covalent nets, which are further interconnected by the bpea ligands to produce a different 3-D framework. Interestingly, complex 6 displays a 2-fold interpenetrating 3-D structure with Pts topology while neglecting the formate anions. The main reason is due primarily to the coordination geometry of the europium ion and the novel μ4:η6-bridging coordination mode of the bpea ligands. Complexes 7 and 8 have the same composition of [Ln(bpea)1.5(H2O)2]n (Ln = La (7) and Tb (8)), but crystallize in the P21/n and P space groups, respectively. In complex 7, the lanthanum centers are bridged by the bpea ligands in a common μ4:η4-bridging coordination mode into 2-D double layer motifs, which are further connected by the other μ4:η4-bridging bpea ligands to produce a 3-D hybrid framework with sixty-membered macro rings. By contrast, the terbium centers in complex 8 are bridged by the bpea ligands in an unprecedented μ4:η5-bridging coordination mode into 2-D layer architectures, which are further connected by the other μ2:η2-bridging bpea ligands to produce a 3-D hybrid framework.
Combined vaccination with major histocompatibility class I and interleukin 2 gene-transduced melanoma cells synergizes the cure of postsurgical established lung metastases. (1995)

We have analyzed and compared in detail the malignant phenotypes of, the immune mechanisms induced by, and the immunotherapeutic potentials of B16-F10.9 melanoma cells manipulated by gene transfer to express syngeneic H-2Kb molecules or to secrete the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-6. Local tumor growth in the footpad of transduced cells is mainly retarded by expression of H-2Kb and IL-2 genes and less by expression of IL-6. Mice given injections intrafootpad of tumorigenic doses of transduced clones manifested significantly reduced postsurgical spontaneous metastasis. After i.v. inoculation, mice given injections of F10.9-Kb expressors did not develop experimental lung metastases; mice given injections of F10.9-IL-6 secretors developed reduced metastatic loads; whereas mice given injections of F10.9-IL-2 secretors developed high loads of lung metastases. On the basis of injections into nude mice, in vivo depletions of CD4+, CD8+, and NK1.1+ cells, and in vitro CTL and natural killer (NK) assays, we show that all F10.9-modified cells induce CD8+ tumor-specific CTL activity and that F10.9-IL-2 secretors also induce nonspecific NK/lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. Vaccinations with F10.9-modified cells were capable of significantly reducing metastatic spread from small established F10.9 footpad tumors. However, in mice carrying preestablished lung metastases, a highly therapeutic effect was achieved only when H-2Kb expressors and IL-2 secretors were combined in vaccination, whereas individual vaccines or other combinations had marginal effects. This higher efficiency of the combined vaccine is due to the combined effect of efficient CTL induction and NK/lymphokine-activated killer cell activity as concluded from depletion of CD8+ and NK1.1 cells during immunotherapy. Thus, the cure of established metastasis can be achieved by the synergistic effects of vaccination with class I and IL-2-transduced tumor cells.
Determination of Atrazine in Water Using Tandem High-Performance Immunoaffinity Chromatography and Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Atrazine in Water Using Tandem High-Performance Immunoaffinity Chromatography and Reversed-Phase Liquid ChromatographyDavid H. Thomas, Melissa. Beck-Westermeyer, and David S. HageCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 21, 3823–3829Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00093a044RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Electrical capacitance tomography with square sensor (1999)

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) with circular sensors has previously been investigated. For some industrial applications such as circulating fluidised beds, square sensors are required. Research into this specific area has been carried out for the first time. To generate sensitivity maps, the Laplace equation is solved using a finite difference method. Both the linear back-projection algorithm and an iterative algorithm have been implemented for image reconstruction. Experimental results are promising.
Interferon-gamma-induced IA expression in WEHI-3 cells is enhanced by the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. (1986)

Abstract It has been suggested recently that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is involved in the regulation of the immune functions of lymphocytes and in the differentiation of monocytic cells. This report examined the possibility that 1,25(OH)2D3 influences immune functions mediated by monocytic cells by studying its effect on the murine myelomonocytic line WEHI-3. We found that WEHI-3 cells possess 3.3S receptor proteins with high affinity (Kd = 3.3 X 10(-10) M) for 1,25(OH)2D3 that are capable of binding to DNA. Also we found that 1,25(OH)2D3 enhances the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced expression of the class II major histocompatibility complex antigens (Ia molecules), and such enhancement leads to increased capacity of the WEHI-3 cells to stimulate antigen-specific Ia-restricted T cell activation. Finally, 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits the proliferation of WEHI-3 cells, and this inhibition is enhanced in the presence of IFN-gamma. The 1,25(OH)2D3 modulation of IFN-gamma induction of Ia antigens suggests that the hormone might promote monocytes to function more efficiently as antigen-presenting cells.
Thread scheduling for cache locality (1996)

This paper describes a method to improve the cache locality of sequential programs by scheduling fine-grained threads. The algorithm relies upon hints provided at the time of thread creation to determine a thread execution order likely to reduce cache misses. This technique may be particularly valuable when compiler-directed tiling is not feasible. Experiments with several application programs, on two systems with different cache structures, show that our thread scheduling method can improve program performance by reducing second-level cache misses.
VEGF-A and the Induction of Pathological Angiogenesis (2007)

Tumors, wounds, and chronic inflammatory disorders generate a new vascular supply by a process known as pathological angiogenesis. Whereas formation of the normal blood vasculature requires the interaction of many different agonists and inhibitors, including vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and other members of the vascular permeability factor/VEGF family, pathological angiogenesis is a cruder, simpler process that can be replicated by a single VEGF-A isoform, VEGF-A(164/5). VEGF-A(164/5) induces the formation of several distinctly different types of new blood vessels that differ from normal blood vessels with respect to organization, structure, and function. Elucidating the properties of these new vessels has led to a better understanding of angiogenesis and will hopefully lead to new approaches to antiangiogenic therapy.
Efficient Reconstruction Techniques for Post-Rendering 3D Image Warping (1998)

Image-based rendering replaces the difficult physical simulation problem of conventional computer graphics with a difficult reconstruction problem. In this paper, we introduce efficient methods for eliminating common reconstruction artifacts in 3D image warping. These methods are suitable for hardware implementation. We study the reconstruction problem in the context of the 3D warp’s application to post-rendering warping. This application provides us with perfectly controlled reference images and allows us to compare generated images against a gold standard provided by conventional rendering. We characterize the reconstruction problem as one of reconstructing 2D manifolds (surfaces) in 3-space, followed by a projection, resampling, and compositing of these surfaces. We present two reconstruction and resampling algorithms. The first algorithm is a general one. The second algorithm is an efficient micropolygon technique that uses flat-shaded, axis-aligned rectangles and super-sampled anti-aliasing to avoid explicit interpolation between re-projected samples. We also present an algorithm, based on epipolar geometry, to estimate the color of any unknown areas of the warped image. This algorithm’s work is strictly bounded by the resolution of the warped output image. Finally, we discuss the effectiveness of our post-rendering warping system. 1
A Strain-Promoted [3 + 2] Azide−Alkyne Cycloaddition for Covalent Modification of Biomolecules in Living Systems (2004)

Selective chemical reactions that are orthogonal to the diverse functionality of biological systems have become important tools in the field of chemical biology. Two notable examples are the Staudinger ligation of azides and phosphines and the Cu(I)-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azides and alkynes ("click chemistry"). The Staudinger ligation has sufficient biocompatibility for performance in living animals but suffers from phosphine oxidation and synthetic challenges. Click chemistry obviates the requirement of phosphines, but the Cu(I) catalyst is toxic to cells, thereby precluding in vivo applications. Here we present a strain-promoted [3 + 2] cycloaddition between cyclooctynes and azides that proceeds under physiological conditions without the need for a catalyst. The utility of the reaction was demonstrated by selective modification of biomolecules in vitro and on living cells, with no apparent toxicity.
Catalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide over Transition Metal Oxides (2010)

Abstract Oxidation into CO 2 is a major solution to CO abatement in air depollution treatments. The development of catalytic converters led to an extraordinary high number of publications on metal catalysts during the last fifty years. Due to the increasing price of noble metals and to remarkable progresses in oxide syntheses, catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over oxide catalysts has recently gained in interest, even if some oxides are known to present remarkable activity since the beginning of the 20 th century. In this Review, the kinetics and mechanism of CO oxidation on single and mixed oxides are examined, alongside the catalyst structures.
A cancer gene therapy approach utilizing an anti-erbB-2 single-chain antibody-encoding adenovirus (AD21): a phase I trial. (2000)

The purpose of this Phase I study was to determine the feasibility of using an anti-erbB-2-encoding adenovirus (Ad21) to treat erbB-2-overexpressing ovarian cancer. Recurrent ovarian cancer patients were treated i.p. with Ad21 in dosages ranging from 1 x 10(9) to 1 x 10(11) pfu. Patients were monitored after treatment for evidence of clinical toxicity and efficacy. Peritoneal aspirates and serum samples were obtained to assess for evidence of gene transfer/expression, for generation of wild-type vector, and antiadenoviral humoral response. Fifteen patients were treated per study specifications. Treatment-specific grade 1/2 fever was experienced by 9 of 15 (60%) patients. Other transient grade 1/2 constitutional, pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms were also experienced. No dose-limiting vector-related toxicity was experienced. Of 13 patients evaluable for response, 5 (38%) had stable disease and 8 (61%) had evidence of progressive disease. One patient with nonmeasurable disease normalized her CA125 at the 8-week evaluation, and one patient with nonmeasurable disease remained without clinical evidence of disease for 6 months after treatment. PCR analysis of peritoneal aspirates demonstrated the presence of Ad21 in 84.6%, 84.6%, and 61.6% of evaluable specimens at days 2, 14, and 56 after treatment, respectively. No wild-type virus was detected. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis demonstrated expression of the anti-erbB-2 sFv-encoding gene in 10 of 14 evaluable patients at day 2. Five of six evaluable patients had an increase in antiadenovirus antibody titer. This study suggests that adenoviral-mediated gene therapy using an anti-erbB-2-directed intrabody is feasible in the context of human ovarian cancer.
On the Development of Plasma Protein Biomarkers (2010)

The development of plasma biomarkers has proven to be more challenging than initially anticipated. Many studies have reported lists of candidate proteins rather than validated candidate markers with an assigned performance to a specific clinical objective. Biomarker research necessitates a clear rational framework with requirements on a multitude of levels. On the technological front, the platform needs to be effective to detect low abundant plasma proteins and be able to measure them in a high throughput manner over a large amount of samples reproducibly. At a conceptual level, the choice of the technological platform and available samples should be part of an overall clinical study design that depends on a joint effort between basic and clinical research. Solutions to these needs are likely to facilitate more feasible studies. Targeted proteomic workflows based on SRM mass spectrometry show the potential of fast verification of biomarker candidates in plasma and thereby closing the gap between discovery and validation in the biomarker development pipeline. Biological samples need to be carefully chosen based on well-established guidelines either for candidate discovery in the form of disease models with optimal fidelity to human disease or for candidate evaluation as well-designed and annotated clinical cohort groups. Most importantly, they should be representative of the target population and directly address the investigated clinical question. A conceptual structure of a biomarker study can be provided in the form of several sequential phases, each having clear objectives and predefined goals. Furthermore, guidelines for reporting the outcome of biomarker studies are critical to adequately assess the quality of the research, interpretation and generalization of the results. By being attentive to and applying these considerations, biomarker research should become more efficient and lead to directly translatable biomarker candidates into clinical evaluation.
Regulation of Cyclic Photophosphorylation during Ferredoxin-Mediated Electron Transport (1987)

Addition of ferredoxin to isolated thylakoid membranes reconstitutes electron transport from water to NADP and to O(2) (the Mehler reaction). This electron flow is coupled to ATP synthesis, and both cyclic and noncyclic electron transport drive photophosphorylation. Under conditions where the NADPH/NADP(+) ratio is varied, the amount of ATP synthesis due to cyclic activity is also varied, as is the amount of cyclic activity which is sensitive to antimycin A. Partial inhibition of photosystem II activity with DCMU (which affects reduction of electron carriers of the interphotosystem chain) also affects the level of cyclic activity. The results of these experiments indicate that two modes of cyclic electron transfer activity, which differ in their antimycin A sensitivity, can operate in the thylakoid membrane. Regulation of these activities can occur at the level of ferredoxin and is governed by the NADPH/NADP ratio.
In vivo estimation of cardiac transmembrane current. (1993)

The ionic currents that cross the myocardial membrane during cardiac activation have a corresponding return path in the extracellular space. The transmembrane current (Im) during activation of cardiac cells in situ has previously been envisioned only in mathematical models. We have developed a remarkably simple in vivo technique that incorporates an electrode array with cellular dimensions to continuously estimate the extracellular counterparts of cardiac Ims. Mathematical modeling was performed for uniform plane wave propagation to clarify the biophysical basis and underlying assumptions inherent in this approach. Five-element electrode arrays incorporating 75-microns-diameter silver electrodes with center-to-center distances of 210 microns were experimentally verified to provide spatially sufficient samples for voltage gradient determinations of myocardial activation. Similar results were obtained with 25-microns-diameter electrodes at a center-to-center spacing of 65 microns. An estimate of Im was obtained from the derivative of the magnitude of the voltage gradient of the measured interstitial potentials. The inward component of Im generated by normal Na+ channel activation at 37 degrees C was measured in vivo to be less than 1 msec in duration, consistent with previously known voltage-clamp and simulation results. Intravenous KCl bolus injection was used to demonstrate the voltage-dependent depression of Na(+)-mediated Im in vivo, culminating in either severely depressed Na(+)-mediated or Ca(2+)-mediated activations. Normal Na(+)-, depressed Na(+)-, and possibly Ca(2+)-mediated currents can be recorded in vivo using this technique.
Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Analysis of SCFDMA Signal by Hybrid Technique (2013)

The low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in single-carrier systems has motivated the Long Term Evolution (LTE) Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to adopt single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) as the uplink multiple access scheme. In this paper, an enhancement of a SC-FDMA system by decreasing the PAPR is focused. A combination of clipping and Pulse shaping (RRC filter) is applied on a SC-FDMA signal with IFDMA subcarrier mapping, which results in a PAPR reduction. This PAPR reduction by hybrid (clipping & pulse shaping) technique can be used to enhance the power efficiency of the handset, or alternatively to improve uplink throughput and/or operating range.