gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Carboxyl-terminal Domain Controls the Cooperativity for Extracellular Ca2+ Activation of the Human Calcium Sensing Receptor (1998)

Calcium sensing receptors are part of a growing G protein-coupled receptor family, which includes metabotropic glutamate, gamma-aminoisobutyric acid, and pheromone receptors. The distinctive structural features of this family include large extracellular domains that bind agonist and large intracellular, carboxyl-terminal domains of as yet undefined function(s). We have explored the contribution(s) of the carboxyl terminus of the human calcium sensing receptor (CaR) by assessing extracellular Ca2+-mediated changes in intracellular Ca2+ in individual HEK-293 cells transfected with CaR clones. In-frame fusion of EGFP to the carboxyl terminus of CaR had no effect on either the dose response for extracellular Ca2+ activation or CaR desensitization. Carboxyl-terminal truncations, fused in-frame with EGFP (CaRDelta1024-EGFP, CaRDelta908-EGFP, CaRDelta886-EGFP, and CaRDelta868-EGFP), were assessed for alterations in Ca2+-dependent activation or desensitization. Significant effects on the dose-response relation for extracellular Ca2+ were observed only for the CaRDelta868 truncation, which exhibited a decreased affinity for extracellular Ca2+ and a decrease in the apparent cooperativity for Ca2+-dependent activation. The alterations in extracellular Ca2+ affinity and cooperativity observed with CaRDelta868 were recapitulated by a point mutation, T876D, in the full-length CaR-EGFP background. All truncations with wild type dose-response relations exhibited desensitization time courses that were comparable to the full-length CaR, whereas the CaRDelta868 receptor desensitized completely after two exposures to 10 mM Ca2+. Interestingly, the CaR point mutation T876D exhibited desensitization comparable to wild type CaR, suggesting that this mutation specifically modifies CaR cooperativity. In conclusion, these studies suggest that amino acid residues between 868 and 886 are critical to the apparent cooperativity of Ca2+-mediated activation of G proteins and to CaR desensitization.
Compression and evaluation of extended release matrix pellets prepared by the extrusion/spheronization process into disintegrating tablets (2012)

In this study, a novel approach for compression of matrix pellets into disintegrating tablets has been studied in an attempt to overcome the issues pertaining to rupture of polymer coat during compression of reservoir-type pellets. Extended release matrix pellets were prepared by the extrusion/spheronization technique using commercially available aqueous dispersions of ethyl cellulose, acrylic polymers and sodium alginate at 10%, 20% and 30%w/w levels. Sertraline hydrochloride was used as the model drug and an in vitro release profile of 12 h was targeted. Tablets containing matrix pellets were prepared by the direct compression process. Acceptance Value, a pharmacopeial test, was applied to study the uniformity of drug distribution. Effect of compression force (2-6 kN), extrusion screen aperture size, diluent blend composition and pellet percentage on drug release and acceptance value were studied. As polymer is uniformly distributed within each pellet, the drug release pattern from uncompressed pellets was comparable to compressed tablets. Surface morphological changes due to calcium chloride treatment were observed using Scanning electron microscopy. The pellet segregated from the surface of the tablet was found to be flattened in the direction of applied compression force with minor deformities. In conclusion, matrix pellets can constitute an alternative approach to reservoir-type pellets in obtaining disintegrating tablets for extended delivery of drugs.
Update on endovascular treatment of peripheral vascular disease: new tools, techniques, and indications. (2000)

The treatment of peripheral vascular disease is one of the most rapidly expanding fields of medicine today At one time, patients who had peripheral vascular disease had few medical or surgical options. Now, however, options abound. The number of peripheral interventions increased from 90,000 in 1994 to more than 200,000 in 1997 and endovascular techniques may soon replace up to 50% of traditional vascular operations. Cardiologists, interventional radiologists, and vascular surgeons bring various types of expertise to endovascular intervention; nonetheless, they seem to share similar levels of enthusiasm about this treatment option. The many advantages to the patient that such intervention offers over traditional surgery, such as the avoidance of anesthesia and other surgical risks, the rapid recovery time, and the relatively low treatment costs, provide encouragement to these specialists. Endovascular intervention requires dedication on the part of practitioners, because it demands such complete knowledge of vascular disease and of the anatomic changes experienced by the patient. The challenge is intensified by the continual introduction of new products and methods. We hope, herein, to offer pertinent information about recent advances in interventional techniques and devices, and to provide a framework for future education.
HCMV Infection of Human Trophoblast Progenitor Cells of the Placenta Is Neutralized by a Human Monoclonal Antibody to Glycoprotein B and Not by Antibodies to the Pentamer Complex (2014)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the major viral cause of congenital infection and birth defects. Primary maternal infection often results in virus transmission, and symptomatic babies can have permanent neurological deficiencies and deafness. Congenital infection can also lead to intrauterine growth restriction, a defect in placental transport. HCMV replicates in primary cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), the specialized cells of the placenta, and inhibits differentiation/invasion. Human trophoblast progenitor cells (TBPCs) give rise to the mature cell types of the chorionic villi, CTBs and multi-nucleated syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs). Here we report that TBPCs are fully permissive for pathogenic and attenuated HCMV strains. Studies with a mutant virus lacking a functional pentamer complex (gH/gL/pUL128-131A) showed that virion entry into TBPCs is independent of the pentamer. In addition, infection is blocked by a potent human neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb), TRL345, reactive with glycoprotein B (gB), but not mAbs to the pentamer proteins pUL130/pUL131A. Functional studies revealed that neutralization of infection preserved the capacity of TBPCs to differentiate and assemble into trophospheres composed of CTBs and STBs in vitro. Our results indicate that mAbs to gB protect trophoblast progenitors of the placenta and could be included in antibody treatments developed to suppress congenital infection and prevent disease.
Anabolic and catabolic gene expression pattern analysis in normal versus osteoarthritic cartilage using complementary DNA-array technology (2001)

This investigation allowed us to identify gene expression profiles of the disease process and to get new insights into disease mechanisms, for example, to develop a picture of matrix proteinases that are differentially involved in different phases of the disease process.
Selective decline in cellular immune response to varicella‐zoster in the elderly (1980)

The incidence of herpes zoster rises markedly in the aged. We evaluated the hypothesis that cellular immunity to varicella-zoster (VZ) viral antigens may be impaired in aged subjects. We found that the lymphocyte proliferation to VZ antigen was less in older asymptomatic individuals than in normal young controls. In contrast, responses to other antigens did not differ. Antibody titers to VZ were similar in both young and old subjects. Impairment of cellular immunity to VZ, on a population basis, may contribute to the increased risk of herpes zoster in the elderly.
Adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy: overview of preclinical studies and potential clinical applications. (1999)

Disruption of p53 function through mutation, or other means, occurs very frequently in human cancer and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in various cancers. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo transduction experiments have demonstrated that adenoviral-mediated expression of wild-type p53 suppresses the transformed phenotype of many cell types and potentiates the cytotoxicity of both chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy. Recently several phase I studies have evaluated the safety, biological effect and different routes of administration of adenoviral-mediated p53 gene therapy in various tumor types. These studies indicate that adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy and introduction of wild-type p53 into tumor cells represents a potentially valuable tool for the therapy of many types of human cancers. This review presents an overview of the most recent advances in the preclinical and clinical evaluation of adenoviral p53 gene therapy as well as the challenges that lay ahead forfuture clinical studies.
Angiotensin II causes vascular hypertrophy in part by a non-pressor mechanism. (1991)

Angiotensin II, when given in low doses, raises blood pressure slowly. When tested in vitro on vascular smooth muscle cells, it has mitogenic and trophic effects; it is not known if it has these effects in vivo. Our purpose was to determine whether vascular hypertrophy develops during slow pressor infusion of angiotensin II and, if so, whether it is pressure induced. Three experiments were done in rats infused subcutaneously with angiotensin II (200 ng/kg/min) by minipump for 10-12 days. Experiment 1: Angiotensin II gradually raised systolic blood pressure (measured in the tail) from 143 +/- 2 to 208 +/- 8 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM), significantly suppressing plasma renin and increasing threefold (NS) plasma angiotensin II. There was no loss of peptide in the pump infusate when tested at the end of the experiment. Experiment 2: In the perfused mesenteric circulation, vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine, vasopressin, and KCl were enhanced in rats given a slow pressor infusion of angiotensin II, but sensitivity of responses was not altered. This combination of changes suggests that vascular hypertrophy develops during slow pressor infusion of angiotensin II. Experiment 3: Vessel myography was done after angiotensin II infusion with and without a pressor response. Angiotensin II raised systolic blood pressure, increased heart weight, and produced myographic changes of vascular hypertrophy in the mesenteric circulation, increasing media width, media cross-sectional area, and media/lumen ratio. Hydralazine given with angiotensin II prevented the rise of pressure and the cardiac effect but not the vascular changes. Two-way analysis of variance showed that angiotensin II significantly increased media width, media cross-sectional area, and media/lumen ratio, all independent of hydralazine. Thus, although hydralazine inhibits the pressor and cardiac effects of angiotensin II, suggesting a pressor mechanism for the cardiac change, it does not inhibit structural vascular change, which suggests that at least part of the effect has a non-pressor mechanism.
PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentation (2017)

Point cloud is an important type of geometric data structure. Due to its irregular format, most researchers transform such data to regular 3D voxel grids or collections of images. This, however, renders data unnecessarily voluminous and causes issues. In this paper, we design a novel type of neural network that directly consumes point clouds, which well respects the permutation invariance of points in the input. Our network, named PointNet, provides a unified architecture for applications ranging from object classification, part segmentation, to scene semantic parsing. Though simple, PointNet is highly efficient and effective. Empirically, it shows strong performance on par or even better than state of the art. Theoretically, we provide analysis towards understanding of what the network has learnt and why the network is robust with respect to input perturbation and corruption.
Reaction of indolinonic aminoxyls with nitric oxide (2001)

2-Methyl-2-phenyl-3-oxoindolin-1-yloxyl and 2-methyl-2-phenyl-3-aryliminoindolin-1-yloxyl radicals react with nitric oxide in the absence and presence of oxygen to form both substituted and unsubstituted N-nitro and N-nitroso stable compounds as the main products, while mono and dinitro compounds are formed in minor yields. In the presence of oxygen, the formation of the corresponding quinone imine N-oxide is observed. Mechanisms for the formation of the reaction products are proposed and discussed, leading to new insights into the chemistry of nitric oxide with aminoxyls. Crystal structures of 2-methyl-2-phenyl-N-nitrosoindolin-3-one and 2-methyl-2-phenyl-N-nitroindolin-3-one have been determined.
Lecithinized Superoxide Dismutase: An Inhibitor of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication (1997)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme used in the treatment of oxygen radical-related diseases. Lecithinization of SOD enhances its pharmacological activity. Lecithinized SOD (PC-SOD) inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2 in MT-4 cells. HIV-1-infected MT-4 cells were cultured for 5 days in the presence of PC-SOD, at various concentrations. In an MTT assay, reverse transcriptase (RT) activity of the cell extract and p24 antigen production were measured. Untreated, HIV-1-infected MT-4 cells served as control. PC-SOD inhibited viral replication most effectively at 2500 U/ml, a concentration that did not affect cell viability, with an EC50 value of 718 U/ml. PC-SOD treatment inhibited RT activity and p24 production in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis of the HIV-1-infected MT-4 cells treated with PC-SOD at 2500 U/ml did not detect any expression of viral proteins. Failure to inhibit virus adsorption, proviral DNA and mRNA synthesis, and RT and proteinase enzyme activity suggests that the mechanism of action of PC-SOD is entirely different from those of the currently available anti-HIV drugs. PC-SOD shows synergistic interaction with AZT, ddI, ddC, KNI-272, and dextran sulfate. PC-SOD also inhibited the oxidative stress-induced depletion of sulfhydryls, which are the cause of diminished antioxidant defenses in HIV-infected patients.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: an update in children (2011)

The optimal management and treatment for children with CAH is still unclear. Although there have been recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of this group of disorders, there is still much to learn in order to optimize therapy for these individuals.
Redetermination of the rate-limiting step in the activation of factor IX by factor XIa and by factor VIIa/tissue factor. Explanation for different electrophoretic radioactivity profiles obtained on activation of 3H- and 125I-labeled factor IX (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRedetermination of the rate-limiting step in the activation of factor IX by factor XIa and by factor VIIa/tissue factor. Explanation for different electrophoretic radioactivity profiles obtained on activation of 3H- and 125I-labeled factor IXS. Paul Bajaj, Samuel I. Rapaport, and William A. RussellCite this: Biochemistry 1983, 22, 17, 4047–4053Publication Date (Print):August 16, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 16 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00286a009https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00286a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Small molecule intervention in microtubule-associated human disease (2005)

Microtubules are essential for a number of cellular processes that include the transport of intracellular cargo or organelles across long distances and the assembly of the mitotic spindle. The identification of numerous microtubule-associated proteins and the progressive elucidation of the mechanisms of microtubule assembly and transport are beginning to have a profound impact on the study and treatment of human genetic disease. A number of seemingly unrelated phenotypes have now been linked to microtubular dysfunction, especially in systems dependent heavily on microtubule-based transport, such as neurons and ciliated cells. In parallel, the association of microtubule transport defects with human genetic disease has led to the realization that targeting various aspects of microtubular biology with small molecules might offer new therapeutic paradigms, including the development of new therapeutic utility for seemingly old drugs. In this review, we discuss the use of small molecules in the investigation of microtubule-associated processes and particularly the screens of chemical compound libraries for the identification of lead compounds with potential utility in microtubule-associated disease processes.
Chimeric pneumococcal cell wall lytic enzymes reveal important physiological and evolutionary traits. (1991)

Two novel chimeric pneumococcal cell wall lytic enzymes, named LC7 and CL7, have been constructed by in vitro recombination of the lytA gene encoding the major autolysin (LYTA amidase) of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a choline-dependent enzyme, and the cpl7 gene encoding the CPL7 lysozyme of phage Cp-7, a choline-independent enzyme. In remarkable contrast with previous chimeric constructions, we fused here two genes that lack nucleotide homology. The CL7 enzyme, which contains the N-terminal domain of CPL7 and C-terminal domain of LYTA, exhibited a choline-dependent lysozyme activity. This experimental rearrangement of domains might mimic the process that have generated the choline-dependent CPL1 lysozyme of phage Cp-1 during evolution, providing additional support to the modular theory of protein evolution. The LC7 enzyme, built up by fusion of the N-terminal domain of LYTA and the C-terminal domain of CPL7, exhibited an amidase activity capable of degrading ethanolamine-containing cell walls. The chimeric amidase behaved as an autolytic enzyme when it was cloned and expressed in S. pneumoniae. The chimeric enzymes provided new insights on the mechanisms involved in regulation of the host pneumococcal autolysins and on the participation of these enzymes in the process of cell separation. Furthermore, our experimental approach confirmed the basic role of the C-terminal domains in substrate recognition and revealed the influence of these domains on the optimal pH for catalytic activity.
Coacervation of Lipid Bilayer in Natural Cell Membranes for Extraction, Fractionation, and Enrichment of Proteins in Proteomics Studies (2019)

This is the first report where hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) was used to induce the coacervation of lipid components in natural cell membranes that would concomitantly result in solubilization, extraction, and enrichment of hydrophobic proteins (e.g., integral membrane proteins, IMP) into the coacervate phase, and extraction of hydrophilic proteins in a separate aqueous phase. The incorporation of this innovative approach in the proteomics workflow would allow the fractionation of proteins in separate aqueous and coacervate phases and would also eliminate the need for using surfactants. Subsequently, proteins can be identified by the bottom-up proteomics approach where samples were digested in solution after phase separation. Yeast cell wall proteins, anchored membrane proteins, and proteins related to some regulatory activities were mostly found in the aqueous-rich phase. On the other hand, most integral membrane proteins, proteins involved in metabolic processes, and proteins responsible for ions or drug binding were identified in the coacervate phase. The detergent-free, facile, and rapid process of natural lipid coacervation increased the number of identified proteins by 8% (vs no-phase separation experiment). The identification of all IMPs and organelle IMPs was improved by 13% and 29%, respectively. In addition, 25% more low-abundance proteins (less than 20 ppm) were identified.
Oil recovery and lecithin production using water degumming sludge of crude soybean oils (2008)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Wet gums produced during aqueous degumming of crude soybean oils are currently processed to produce lecithin or added to meals to increase their nutritive value for animal feed. Oils occluded in these gums are generally not recovered or processed. In this work, three methods to recover occluded oil and obtain lecithin from wet gums were assayed: direct extraction of oil with cold acetone (Method I), extraction after water elimination under vacuum (Method II) and by solvent partition with hexane/ethanol (Method III). RESULTS: Higher oil yields (up to 588 g kg −1 of occluded oil) were obtained when water was eliminated before extraction (Methods II and III). No significant differences were observed in lecithin yields between three methods (720–807 g kg −1 of dried gums). Recovered oils had acidity = 16.7–21.7 g kg −1 as oleic acid, TOTOX (total oxidation) values ≤ 8.82, unsaponifiable matter = 9.0–12.1 g kg −1 , and Phosphorus = 87–330 mg kg −1 . Lecithins obtained by Methods I, II and III hexane phase had the same purity level (610–691 g of total measured phospholipids kg −1 ). CONCLUSIONS: The occluded oil in soybean wet gums can be recovered, with quality and stability indexes compatible with their reinsertion in the productive process, by water elimination and extraction with acetone. Lecithins can be obtained with different phospholipid composition and diverse application fields. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Literature Survey on Stereo Vision Disparity Map Algorithms (2015)

This paper presents a literature survey on existing disparity map algorithms. It focuses on four main stages of processing as proposed by Scharstein and Szeliski in a taxonomy and evaluation of dense two-frame stereo correspondence algorithms performed in 2002. To assist future researchers in developing their own stereo matching algorithms, a summary of the existing algorithms developed for every stage of processing is also provided. The survey also notes the implementation of previous software-based and hardware-based algorithms. Generally, the main processing module for a software-based implementation uses only a central processing unit. By contrast, a hardware-based implementation requires one or more additional processors for its processing module, such as graphical processing unit or a field programmable gate array. This literature survey also presents a method of qualitative measurement that is widely used by researchers in the area of stereo vision disparity mappings.