gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Immunohistochemical localization of secretory component and IgA in the normal and cancerous endometrium]. (1986)

Using normal and cancerous endometrial tissues obtained from climacteric and postmenopausal women as the subjects, localizations of secretory component (SC) and IgA were immunohistochemically investigated. The results were as follows: Similar to cyclic women, in normal endometrial tissues from climacteric and postmenopausal women, SC and IgA localized mainly in glandular epithelia. However, in women over 60 years of age, immunoreactivity of SC and IgA decreased. In cancerous tissues, staining intensity of SC and IgA decreased clearly as compared to normal tissues. Also, the loss of polarity was recognized in the localization pattern of SC and IgA. In relation to the tissue differentiation, a further decline was recognized in the SC and IgA staining intensity in the poorly differentiated carcinoma as compared to the well differentiated type. The above findings suggested that the decline of the local immune system in the endometrium, namely, weakening of the local defense mechanism against infections, took place in women of advanced age. Also it was recognized that weakening of the ability to produce SC was caused by the malignant transformation of endometrium, and it was suggested that SC was a substance which had a close relationship to tissue differentiation.
MYB46 directly regulates the gene expression of secondary wall‐associated cellulose synthases in Arabidopsis (2012)

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth. Three cellulose synthases (CESA4, CESA7 and CESA8) are necessary for cellulose production in the secondary cell walls of Arabidopsis. Little is known about how expression of these CESA genes is regulated. We recently identified a cis-regulatory element (M46RE) that is recognized by MYB46, which is a master switch for secondary wall formation in Arabidopsis. A genome-wide survey of promoter sequences for the presence of M46REs led to the hypothesis that MYB46 may function as a direct regulator of all three secondary wall-associated cellulose synthase genes: CESA4, CESA7 and CESA8. We tested this hypothesis using several lines of experimental evidence. All three CESA genes are highly up-regulated by both constitutive and inducible over-expression of MYB46 in planta. Using a steroid receptor-based inducible activation system, we show that MYB46 directly activates transcription of the three CESA genes. We then used an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis to confirm that MYB46 protein directly binds to the promoters of the three CESA genes both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ectopic up-regulation of MYB46 resulted in a significant increase of crystalline cellulose content in Arabidopsis. Taken together, we have identified MYB46 as a transcription factor that directly regulates all three secondary wall-associated CESA genes. Yeast one-hybrid screening identified additional transcription factors that regulate the CESA genes. However, none of the putative regulators appears to be regulated by MYB46, suggesting the multi-faceted nature of transcriptional regulation of secondary wall cellulose biosynthesis.
The Shattered Gradients Problem: If resnets are the answer, then what is\n the question? (2017)

A long-standing obstacle to progress in deep learning is the problem of\nvanishing and exploding gradients. Although, the problem has largely been\novercome via carefully constructed initializations and batch normalization,\narchitectures incorporating skip-connections such as highway and resnets\nperform much better than standard feedforward architectures despite well-chosen\ninitialization and batch normalization. In this paper, we identify the\nshattered gradients problem. Specifically, we show that the correlation between\ngradients in standard feedforward networks decays exponentially with depth\nresulting in gradients that resemble white noise whereas, in contrast, the\ngradients in architectures with skip-connections are far more resistant to\nshattering, decaying sublinearly. Detailed empirical evidence is presented in\nsupport of the analysis, on both fully-connected networks and convnets.\nFinally, we present a new "looks linear" (LL) initialization that prevents\nshattering, with preliminary experiments showing the new initialization allows\nto train very deep networks without the addition of skip-connections.\n
Grain Boundaries and Dislocations (2002)

The hardness of coarse-grained materials is inversely proportional to the square root of the grain size. But as
 Van Swygenhoven
 explains in her Perspective, at nanometer scale grain sizes this relation no longer holds. Atomistic simulations are providing key insights into the structural and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline metals, shedding light on the distinct mechanism by which these materials deform.
Viroid-Induced Phosphorylation of a Host Protein Related to a dsRNA-Dependent Protein Kinase (1988)

Viroids are very small, unencapsidated RNAs that replicate and induce severe disease in plants without encoding for any proteins. The mechanisms by which the viroid RNA regulates these events and interacts with host factors are unknown. An Mr 68,000 host-encoded protein has been identified that is differentially phosphorylated in extracts from viroid-infected and mock-inoculated tissues. This phosphoprotein is immunologically related to a double-stranded (ds) RNA-dependent protein kinase from virus-infected, interferon-treated human cells. Further, nucleotide photoaffinity labeling indicates that the protein has an ATP binding site. This protein is similar to dsRNA-dependent protein kinases implicated in mammalian systems in the regulation of protein synthesis and virus replication.
Impact of genomic profiling on the treatment and outcomes of patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancies (2016)

The impact of genomic profiling on the outcomes of patients with advanced gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies remains unknown. The primary objectives of the study were to investigate the clinical benefit of genomic-guided therapy, defined as complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) at 3 months, and its impact on progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced GI malignancies. Clinical and genomic data of all consecutive GI tumor samples from April, 2013 to April, 2016 sequenced by FoundationOne were obtained and analyzed. A total of 101 samples from 97 patients were analyzed. Ninety-eight samples from 95 patients could be amplified making this approach feasible in 97% of the samples. After removing duplicates, 95 samples from 95 patients were included in the further analysis. Median time from specimen collection to reporting was 11 days. Genomic alteration-guided treatment recommendations were considered new and clinically relevant in 38% (36/95) of the patients. Rapid decline in functional status was noted in 25% (9/36) of these patients who could therefore not receive genomic-guided therapy. Genomic-guided therapy was utilized in 13 patients (13.7%) and 7 patients (7.4%) experienced clinical benefit (6 PR and 1 SD). Among these seven patients, median PFS was 10 months with some ongoing durable responses. Genomic profiling-guided therapy can lead to clinical benefit in a subset of patients with advanced GI malignancies. Attempting genomic profiling earlier in the course of treatment prior to functional decline may allow more patients to benefit from these therapies.
High performance forced air cooling scheme employing microchannel heat exchangers (1995)

In this paper, a high performance forced air cooing scheme is theoretically and experimentally investigated which employs microchannel parallel plate-fin heat sinks and tubes to deliver the air to and optionally from the heat sink. The performance of the cooling system is modeled in terms of thermal resistance, pressure drop, and pumping power. Optimizations are performed and design trade-offs discussed. Tubes are observed to have a significant impact on optimum heat sink design as well as operating point. Sample heat sinks with lateral dimensions of 5/spl times/5 cm/sup 2/ and fin lengths of 1.5 and 2.5 cm were fabricated from copper and aluminum foils using a simple assembly process. Fin thicknesses and channel widths of the heat sinks are on the order of 200 and 500 /spl mu/m, respectively. Thermal resistances as low as 0.2 R/W are measured. Results of the present study are compared to prior works dealing with direct air cooling. The thermal performances achievable using the investigated cooling approach are superior to those attainable using open air cooled heat sinks as well as those employing silicon microcoolers.
"Smart cut": a promising new SOI material technology (2002)

Silicon On Insulator technologies appear to be a key issue for low-power, low-voltage technologies (/spl ap/1.5 V) and will play a major role in ULSI developments. Today two SOI material technologies are in competition in the very thin SOI film market: SIMOX (Separation by IMplanted OXygen) and BESOI (Bond and Etch Back SOI) Technology. We have developed a new SOI material technology using a bonding technique combined with an ion implantation step, which aims to overcome the remaining limitations of both the above techniques. This process was developed as the "IMPROVE" (IMplanted PROtons Voids Engineering) process and is henceforth referred to as "Smart-cut". The process is implemented for fabrication of Unibond wafers.
Temporal Lobe Regions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Identify Patients With Early Alzheimer's Disease (1993)

The results suggest that the hippocampus and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricles may be useful as antemortem markers of AD in mildly impaired patients.
Potential antitumor agents. 11. Inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme involved in the resistance of neoplastic cells to 6-thiopurines (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential antitumor agents. 11. Inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme involved in the resistance of neoplastic cells to 6-thiopurinesKrishna C. Agrawal, Men H. Lee, Barbara A. Booth, E. Colleen Moore, and Alan C. SartorelliCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 9, 934–938Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00255a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00255a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multifaceted activities of CCR7 regulate T‐cell homeostasis in health and disease (2012)

CCR7 is a homeostatically expressed chemokine receptor that is known to regulate the homing of various types of immune cells to primary, secondary, and tertiary lymphoid organs. Recent evidence suggests that, in addition to controlling cell migration, CCR7-mediated signals affect T-cell homeostasis in lymph nodes at various levels and also influence T-cell activation and polarization. In this review, we highlight these findings and discuss recently proposed functions of the CCR7 pathway in the induction and maintenance of chronic inflammation.
Compact single-chip VMUX/DEMUX on the silicon-on-insulator platform (2011)

We demonstrate a compact, single-chip 40-channel, dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) variable attenuator multi/demultiplexer (VMUX/DEMUX) by monolithic integration of an echelle grating and high-speed p-i-n VOA on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The demonstrated device has a flat-top filter shape, on chip loss of 5.0 dB, low PDL of 0.3 dB after compensation of the polarization dependent frequency (PDF) shift, a fast attenuation response speed of 3 MHz, and an area of only 25 mm by 10 mm.
TREATMENT OF OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS OF THE KNEE WITH AUTOLOGOUS CHONDROCYTE TRANSPLANTATION (2003)

Treatment of osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation produces an integrated repair tissue with a successful clinical result in >90% of patients. We recommend the wider use of autologous chondrocyte transplantation for this condition.
Application of Carbon Nanotubes as Supports in Heterogeneous Catalysis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of Carbon Nanotubes as Supports in Heterogeneous CatalysisJ. M. Planeix, N. Coustel, B. Coq, V. Brotons, P. S. Kumbhar, R. Dutartre, P. Geneste, P. Bernier, and P. M. AjayanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 17, 7935–7936Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00096a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00096a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4468Altmetric-Citations870LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The EuRoC micro aerial vehicle datasets (2016)

This paper presents visual-inertial datasets collected on-board a micro aerial vehicle. The datasets contain synchronized stereo images, IMU measurements and accurate ground truth. The first batch of datasets facilitates the design and evaluation of visual-inertial localization algorithms on real flight data. It was collected in an industrial environment and contains millimeter accurate position ground truth from a laser tracking system. The second batch of datasets is aimed at precise 3D environment reconstruction and was recorded in a room equipped with a motion capture system. The datasets contain 6D pose ground truth and a detailed 3D scan of the environment. Eleven datasets are provided in total, ranging from slow flights under good visual conditions to dynamic flights with motion blur and poor illumination, enabling researchers to thoroughly test and evaluate their algorithms. All datasets contain raw sensor measurements, spatio-temporally aligned sensor data and ground truth, extrinsic and intrinsic calibrations and datasets for custom calibrations.
Guidelines for the Evaluation of Immune Therapy Activity in Solid Tumors: Immune-Related Response Criteria (2009)

Systematic criteria, designated immune-related response criteria, were defined in an attempt to capture additional response patterns observed with immune therapy in advanced melanoma beyond those described by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors or WHO criteria. Further prospective evaluations of the immune-related response criteria, particularly their association with overall survival, are warranted.
Enantioseparation of D, L-Phenylalanine By Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Particles Filled Capillary Electrochromatography (1997)

Abstract The chromatographic properties of molecularly imprinted polymer filled capillary electrochromatography (CEC) have been studied. The network polymers were prepared using L-phenylalanine anilide (L-pheAN) or L-phenylalanine as print molecules. Methacrylic acid was used as functional monomer, such that the acid function of monomer interacts ionically with the amine function and via hydrogen bonding with the carboxyl group of the print molecules. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was used as cross-linker and the reaction initiator was α, α′-azobis(isobutyronitrile). The obtained polymers were ground and sieved to particles<10 μm for filling into capillary for CEC and <30μm for packing into high performance liquid chromatographic columns. The separations of D, L-phenylalanine by using the molecularly imprinted polymers against L-pheAN and L-phenylalanine were compared. It was interesting to find that the resolution of D, L-phenylalanine using L-pheAN printed polymer was higher than that using L-phenylalanine printed polymer. The selected polymers obtained were tested in CEC. Some aromatic amino acids, such as D, L-phenylalycine, D, L-tyrosine etc., could be separated to some extent. This method demonstrated that the molecularly imprinted polymer can also be used in CEC for the separation of enantiomers. The peak shape and the resolution of D.L-phenylalanine by this proposed method were better than those by the HPLC method.
The Capacity of a Class of Channels (1959)

Shannon's basic theorem on the capacity of a channel is generalized to the case of a class of memoryless channels. A generalized capacity is defined and is shown to be the supremum of attainable transmission rates when the coding and decoding procedure must be satisfactory for every channel in the class.
Modeling, Clustering, and Segmenting Video with Mixtures of Dynamic Textures (2008)

A dynamic texture is a spatio-temporal generative model for video, which represents video sequences as observations from a linear dynamical system. This work studies the mixture of dynamic textures, a statistical model for an ensemble of video sequences that is sampled from a finite collection of visual processes, each of which is a dynamic texture. An expectationmaximization (EM) algorithm is derived for learning the parameters of the model, and the model is related to previous works in linear systems, machine learning, time-series clustering, control theory, and computer vision. Through experimentation, it is shown that the mixture of dynamic textures is a suitable representation for both the appearance and dynamics of a variety of visual processes that have traditionally been challenging for computer vision (e.g. fire, steam, water, vehicle and pedestrian traffic, etc.). When compared with state-of-the-art methods in motion segmentation, including both temporal texture methods and traditional representations (e.g. optical flow or other localized motion representations), the mixture of dynamic textures achieves superior performance in the problems of clustering and segmenting video of such processes.
Mean Force on a Sphere in a Spherical Sound Field. I. (Theoretical) (1954)

The mean force acting on a rigid sphere placed in a progressive spherical sound field has been obtained by integration of the individual contributions from the velocity potential and particle velocity acting on each element of the sphere's surface. Motion of the sphere under the action of the first order pressure variations in the sound field has been taken into account. The radiation force has been expressed as an infinite series of inverse powers of the source distance, each term of which is multiplied by an infinite power series in terms of sphere radius. At very large distances from the source the radiation force obeys an inverse square law of repulsion. As the source of the field is approached, the repulsion decreases to zero and then becomes a force of attraction. The extent of this region of attraction is determined both by the frequency of the sound field and by the size of the detecting sphere; lower frequencies and smaller spheres both extend the region. Even when allowance is made for an inverse square law, the attractions may be many times greater than the repulsions in the same sound field.
Understanding the Graft-Versus-Leukaemia Reaction (1997)

The role of the immune response in control and erradication of leukaemia remains controversial but there is increasing evidence that the principal mechanism of cure after intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic BMT is immune mediated. This is evidenced by the observations of a reduced risk of leukaemia relapse after allogeneic BMT when compared with autologous or syngeneic BMT. Furthermore, an increased incidence of leukaemic relapse has been reported after aggressive GvHD prophylaxis with cyclosporin or lymphocyte depletion. The association between GvHD and the graft-versus-leukaemia activity of allogeneic BMT is strong and has led to a number of workers concluding that GvL might be inseparable from GvHD although there is increasing evidence that this is not so. The lymphocyte subsets responsible for GvHD and GvL remain to be elucidated in man despite intensive efforts. Certainly T cells, natural killer cells and a population of in vivo activated killer cells are involved in GvL and an effective immune response probably requires a combined approach. The target antigens of GvL are also controversial. The majority of GvL studies have been conducted in the allogeneic transplant setting in which activity to leukaemia-specific peptides is easily masked by reactivity to undetected MHC mismatches and to minor histocompatibility antigens. Despite this the search for leukaemia-specific peptides has been fruitful in the case of the product of the BCR/ABL translocation in CML. The ultimate aim of a number of groups in all aspects of oncology is the development of effective and specific immunotherapy. A variety of approaches have been attempted over the last 80 years, including vaccination with irradiated leukaemic blasts and numerous trials of interleukin-2. We now know more about the mechanisms of induction of immunity than ever before and this knowledge, combined with sophisticated molecular biology and virology, promises to revolutionise the immunotherapy of leukaemia over the next ten years.
<title>In-vivo plasma-mediated ablation as a function of laser pulse width</title> (1997)

We evaluated in vivo wound healing responses to plasma- mediated ablation in skin as a function of laser pulsewidth and energy. Experiments utilized a regeneratively amplified Ti:Sapphire laser operating at 800 nm with pulsewidths varied from 7 ns to 100 fs. Skin incisions were created in mice by tightly focusing the laser beam on the tissue surface. Incisions of equal depth were compared at time points ranging from 6 hours to 3 weeks using standard histologic methods. Incision depth was proportional to pulse energy at each pulsewidth. Fluence threshold dependence on laser pulsewidth agreed with those predicted by ex vivo testing. Histologic analysis revealed minimal adjacent tissue damage at pulsewidths less than a few picoseconds and energies near the fluence threshold. Longer pulsewidths and higher fluence levels were associated with more significant collateral effects. These in vivo results suggest collateral tissue damage and secondary effects may be minimized by controlling laser pulsewidth and energy.