gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor in the Interphotoreceptor Matrix of Bovine Eyes (1995)

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a neurotrophic protein and a member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily. Here we describe the identification of PEDF in bovine eyes and optimization of its purification from this natural source. We have developed a polyclonal antibody to recombinant human PEDF, Ab-rPEDF, that immunoreacts in a specific, sensitive, and linear fashion with PEDF protein, and furthermore, blocks its neurotrophic activity. We show that Ab-rPEDF specifically recognizes a 49,500-M(r) polypeptide on Western transfers of a wash of the extracellular matrix between the retinal pigment epithelium and the neural retina-termed interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). PEDF is present as approximately 1% of total soluble IPM protein. Starting with an IPM wash, PEDF protein is purified 164-fold to near homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation and cation-exchange chromatography, with a recovery of 47%. The highly purified protein has an apparent M(r) of 49,500 +/- 1,500 as assessed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and a native pI of 7.0-7.7. It elutes as a single peak on gel-filtration chromatography with a retention time immediately behind that of ovalbumin (43,000 M(r)). N-glycosidase treatment indicates that each PEDF molecule has a 5% carbohydrate content attached to internal asparagine residue(s). Amino terminal sequence of the purified PEDF reveals removal of an amino-terminal peptide region for the mature protein. Purified PEDF has neurotrophic activity on human retinoblastoma cells, as previously observed for IPM. The neurotrophic activities of both PEDF and IPM are blocked by antiserum Ab-rPEDF. Altogether, PEDF is present in the bovine IPM as a soluble, extracellular, monomeric glycoprotein that by itself confers neurotrophic activity to the IPM. Thus, native PEDF isolated and purified as described here should prove useful for biochemical studies as well as other approaches.
44.2: Invited Paper : Current and Future Projection of Edge‐Lit LED Panel Adoption in Lighting (2015)

Edge‐lit lightguides utilizing high efficiency LEDs are becoming widely adopted within the lighting industry due to their ability to manipulate and efficiently distribute the light from LED light sources in the direction and distribution desired by the lighting engineer
Antisense RNA inhibits endogenous gene expression in mouse preimplantation embryos: lack of double-stranded RNA "melting" activity. (1988)

beta-Glucuronidase activity increases 60-fold from the 4-cell to the blastocyst stage during in vitro development of mouse preimplantation embryos, secondary to a 13-fold increase in beta-glucuronidase mRNA. Injections of antisense RNA from a beta-glucuronidase cDNA clone lacking the 5'-untranslated region and the coding sequences for approximately equal to 150 N-terminal amino acids were effective in partially blocking the appearance of beta-glucuronidase activity. Injection of the same RNA, capped with guanosine(5')triphospho(5')guanosine (GpppG), into each blastomere at the 4-cell stage yielded 75% inhibition of enzyme activity at the blastocyst stage. Injections of the sense strand or of an unrelated RNA did not alter the normal increase in activity of the enzyme. These results are in accord with our inability to detect RNA-duplex "melting" activity in 1-cell mouse embryos. We suggest that it may be possible to analyze genetics of mammalian development by antisense techniques.
Applied seismic wave theory (1987)

Introduction. I. Capita Selecta from Vector Analysis. Scalar product, gradient, curl and divergence. Theorem of Stokes, theorem of Gauss and Green's theorem. II. One-Dimensional Discrete Spectral Analysis. The delta pulse and discrete functions. Fourier series of periodic time functions. Fourier integral of transients. Relationship between the discrete property and periodicity. Sampling and aliasing in time and frequency. Matrix formulations. Decomposition of a broad band experiment into monochromatic simulations. III. Multi-Dimensional Discrete Spectral Analysis. Basic theory. Spatial aliasing. Two-dimensional spectral analysis and plane wave decomposition. Extensions to three dimensions. IV. Vibrations. Basic concepts. Free vibrations. Forced vibrations. Coupled systems. From vibrations to waves. V. Acoustic Waves. Derivation of the acoustic wave equation. One-way versions of the acoustic wave equation. Plane waves. Spherical waves. Cylindrical waves. Principle of numerical modeling with the acoustic wave equation. VI. Elastic Waves. Compressional waves in homogeneous isotropic solids. Shear waves in homogeneous isotropic solids. Derivation of the elastic wave equation. One-way versions of the elastic wave equation. Principle of numerical modeling with the elastic wave equation. VII. Boundary Conditions. Reflection and transmission coefficients for acoustic boundaries. Reflection in terms of convolution. The fluid-solid boundary. Reflection and transmission coefficients for elastic boundaries. Summary. VIII. Kirchhoff and Rayleigh Integrals. Derivation of the Kirchhoff integral for homogeneous media. Derivation of the Rayleigh integrals for homogeneous media. Rayleigh integrals in terms of convolution. Transformation of Rayleigh integrals to the wave number domain. Kirchhoff and Rayleigh integrals for inhomogeneous fluid-like media. Rayleigh integrals as one-way versions of the Kirchhoff integral. Discrete version of the Kirchhoff integral. Discrete versions of the Rayleigh integrals. Summary. IX. Directivity Properties of Wave Fields. Fraunhofer approximations in terms of the Fourier integral. Directivity patterns. Far field expressions of scattered wave fields. Summary. X. Forward and Inverse Problems. Principle of one-way forward wave field extrapolation. Principle of one-way inverse wave field extrapolation. Principle of two-way techniques. Example. Summary. (Each chapter includes an introduction and references). Appendices. Subject Index.
Specific Radioimmunoassay for the Detection of a Purified Porcine Zona Pellucida Antigen (PPZA) (1981)

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) utilizing a biochemically purified porcine zona pellucida antigen (purified porcine zona antigen, PPZA) and rabbit antibodies raised against PPZA is described and characterized. PPZA was used for 125I labeling and as reference material in the RIA. Anti-PPZA activity was titered in serial dilutions of sera collected at weekly intervals for 11 weeks following the initial series of immunization injections and for 5 weeks following a single booster injection. This antiserum was of high titer, high affinity, and devoid of significant reactivity against the porcine tissues tested; however, a measurable but low level of cross reactivity was observed when tested against pig serum and pig follicular fluid. In response to the initial immunization series, peak titer was obtained in 6 weeks at which time 30% of [125I]-PPZA was precipitated by antibody diluted to 1:400,000. There was no further increase in antibody titer following the booster immunization. Details of PPZA iodination, stability of [125I]-PPZA, RIA methodology, and assay validation for sensitivity, precision, accuracy, specificity, and other parameters are described.
Robust Image Segmentation using Local Median (2006)

In recent years, region-based active contour models have gained great popularity in solving image segmentation problem. Those models usually share two assumptions regarding the image pixel properties: 1) within each region/ object, the intensity values conform to a Gaussian distribution; 2) the "global mean" (average intensity value) for different regions are distinct, therefore can be used in discriminating pixels. These two assumptions are often violated in reality, which results in segmentation leakage or misclassification. In this paper, we propose a robust segmentation framework that overcomes the above mentioned drawback existing in most region-based active contour models. Our framework consists of two components: 1) instead of using a global average intensity value (mean) to represent certain region, we use local medians as the region representative measure to better characterize the local property of the image; 2) median and sum of absolute values (L1 norm) is used to formulate the energy minimization functional for better handling intensity variations and outliers. Experiments are conducted on several real images, and we compare our solution with a popular region-based model to show the improvements.
Perovskite La0.6Sr0.4Cr1−xCoxO3−δ solid solutions for solar-thermochemical fuel production: strategies to lower the operation temperature (2015)

Storing abundant solar energy in synthetic fuels is key to ensure a sustainable energy future by replacing fossil fuels and reducing global warming emissions.
Interleukin-10 is a central regulator of the response to LPS in murine models of endotoxic shock and the Shwartzman reaction but not endotoxin tolerance. (1995)

Previous studies in vivo have shown that IL-10 infusion can prevent lethal endotoxic shock. Mice deficient in the production of IL-10 (IL10T) were used to investigate the regulatory role of IL-10 in the responses to LPS in three experimental systems. In a model of acute endotoxic shock, it was found that the lethal dose of LPS for IL10T mice was 20-fold lower than that for wild type (wt) mice suggesting that endogenous IL-10 determines the amount of LPS which can be tolerated without death. The high mortality rate of IL10T mice challenged with modest doses of LPS was correlated to the uncontrolled production of TNF as treatment with anti-TNF antibody (Ab) resulted in 70% survival. Additional studies suggested that IL-10 mediates protection by controlling the early effectors of endotoxic shock (e.g., TNF alpha) and that it is incapable of directly antagonizing the production and/or actions of late appearing effector molecules (e.g., nitric oxide). We also found that IL10T mice were extremely vulnerable to a generalized Shwartzman reaction where prior exposure to a small amount of LPS primes the host for a lethal response to a subsequent sublethal dose. The priming LPS dose for IL10T mice was 100-fold lower than that required to prime wt mice implying that IL-10 is important for suppressing sensitization. In agreement with this assumption, IL-10 infusion was found to block the sensitization step. Interestingly, IL-10 was not the main effector of endotoxin tolerance as IL10T mice could be tolerized to LPS. Furthermore, IL-10 infusion could not substitute for the desensitizing dose of LPS. These results show that IL-10 is a critical component of the host's natural defense against the development of pathologic responses to LPS although it is not responsible for LPS-induced tolerance.
Isolation and characterisation of mutants of cowpea mosaic virus (1989)

A nitrous acid-induced, temperature sensitive mutant of cowpea mosaic virus&#13;\n(CPMV) known as 8-14, (Evans 1985, Virology 1985, 141, 275-282), was&#13;\ncharacterised. The phenotypic defect in 8 -14 was shown not to affect translation&#13;\nof the RNA or the first proteolytic cleavage of the B RNA-encoded polyprotein.&#13;\nThe defect is probably at the level of genome replication. The technique of two&#13;\ndimensional RNA fingerprinting showed the mutant genome to be similar to the&#13;\nparental wild-type but did not resolve the genetic alteration(s) specific for the&#13;\nmutation.&#13;\nThe mechanism of CPMV translation was investigated by site-directed&#13;\nmutagenesis of a full-length cDNA clone of CPMV M RNA from which infectious&#13;\nRNA could be generated by in vitro transcription. The results obtained confirm&#13;\nthe AUG at position 161 is used to direct the synthesis of the 105K protein&#13;\nin vitro. The detection of a 58K protein in infected protoplasts suggests that it&#13;\nis also used in vivo. The synthesis of the 95K protein can be initiated from&#13;\neither of the AUGs at positions 512 and 524. Synthesis of this protein is not&#13;\nessential for CPMV replication in protoplasts.&#13;\nSeveral deletion mutations were created in the M RNA cDNA clone in order to&#13;\ndetermine the regions of M RNA essential for replication of M RNA. Analysis of&#13;\none mutant indicated that sequences between 1446 and 1620 are probably not&#13;\nrequired for replicase recognition. However, the accumulation of this mutant in&#13;\nprotoplasts was reduced, presumably as a result of lack of encapsidation of the&#13;\nRNA as this mutant is thought not to synthesise functional coat protein. Data&#13;\nfrom several mutants showed that alterations of M RNA around nucleotides 161&#13;\nand 189 prevent transcript accumulation in protoplasts possibly owing to a&#13;\nsevere reduction in replicability of the input RNA.&#13;\n
Beta-cell lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of obese rats: impairment in adipocyte-beta-cell relationships. (1994)

Hyperinsulinemia, loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and peripheral insulin resistance coexist in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Because free fatty acids (FFA) can induce these same abnormalities, we studied their role in the pathogenesis of the NIDDM of obese Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF-drt) rats from 5 weeks of age (before the onset of hyperglycemia) until 14 weeks. Two weeks prior to hyperglycemia, plasma FFA began to rise progressively, averaging 1.9 +/- 0.06 mM at the onset of hyperglycemia (P < 0.001 vs. controls). At this time GSIS was absent and beta-cell GLUT-2 glucose transporter was decreased. The triacylglycerol content of prediabetic islets rose to 10 times that of controls and was correlated with plasma FFA (r = 0.825; P < 0.001), which, in turn, was correlated with the plasma glucose concentration (r = 0.873; P < 0.001). Reduction of hyperlipacidemia to 1.3 +/- 0.07 mM by pair feeding with lean littermates reduced all beta-cell abnormalities and prevented hyperglycemia. Normal rat islets that had been cultured for 7 days in medium containing 2 mM FFA exhibited increased basal insulin secretion at 3 mM glucose, and first-phase GSIS was reduced by 68%; in prediabetic islets, first-phase GSIS was reduced by 69% by FFA. The results suggest a role for hyperlipacidemia in the pathogenesis of NIDDM; resistance to insulin-mediated antilipolysis is invoked to explain the high FFA despite hyperinsulinemia, and sensitivity of beta cells to hyperlipacedemia is invoked to explain the FFA-induced loss of GSIS.
Re-entry and terminal guidance for vertical-landing TSTO (Two-Stage To Orbit) (1998)

There are several concepts of RLV(Reusable Launch Vehicles), which are most efficient to reduce transportation cost. We selected a VTVL(Vertical Takeoff and Vertical Landing) and TSTO(Two-Stage to Orbit) type as simulation models because such types were not investigated in the past research. The most critical problem about the vertical-landing TSTO is landing of the first stage within a limited area. This paper describes the model and a proposed new re-entry and terminal guidance for the first stage of TSTO and shows the results of total guidance simulations. The guidance includes the estimation of the remainder of downrange(range-to-go) using numerical integration of equations of motion. The accuracy of the guidance law was improved compared with a traditional drag deceleration guidance which is commonly adopted for winged re-entry vehicles. The robustness of the total guidance law was confirmed by the results of error analyses.
The Rat Subcutaneous Air Sac Model: A Quantitative Assay of Antiangiogenesis in Induced Vessels (1999)

A new in vivo experimental model--the Subcutaneous Air Sac (SAS) model-has recently been presented to replace a previous in vivo rabbit cornea assay where neovascularisation was induced by chemical injury of the cornea or by implantation of tumour cells intracorneally, a methodology which is believed to cause severe pain to the animals. In the SAS model, an air sac is induced by injection of air subcutaneously on the back of the animal. After 10-14 days the air sac appears as an almost transparent avascular membrane in which induction of new vessels can be studied. We present recent developments of this technique: In the SAS-tumour technique, vascular endothelial growth factor-producing tumour cells are inoculated subcutaneously directly on the membrane, and the formation of new vessels is measured 8 days later. In the SAS-pellet technique, slow-release pellets containing angiogenic factors, basic fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor are implanted on the subcutaneous membrane by a simple operation. The formation of new vessels is measured 10 days later. The ability of the SAS-tumour- and SAS-pellet techniques to detect an antiangiogenic effect of a systemically administered compound was investigated using the fumagillin analogue TNP-470 (o-chloroacetyl-carbamoyl)-fumagillol) as a positive control given subcutaneously for 7 and 9 days, respectively. At a dose of 10 mg TNP-470/kg/day the angiogenesis was reduced by approximately 70% in the SAS-tumour technique and by 40-60% in the SAS-pellet technique. The animals were unaffected by the SAS methodology. The SAS-tumour and SAS-pellet models are considered complementary and make use of simple and almost similar techniques which facilitate the evaluation.
Beyond a Gaussian Denoiser: Residual Learning of Deep CNN for Image Denoising (2017)

The discriminative model learning for image denoising has been recently attracting considerable attentions due to its favorable denoising performance. In this paper, we take one step forward by investigating the construction of feed-forward denoising convolutional neural networks (DnCNNs) to embrace the progress in very deep architecture, learning algorithm, and regularization method into image denoising. Specifically, residual learning and batch normalization are utilized to speed up the training process as well as boost the denoising performance. Different from the existing discriminative denoising models which usually train a specific model for additive white Gaussian noise at a certain noise level, our DnCNN model is able to handle Gaussian denoising with unknown noise level (i.e., blind Gaussian denoising). With the residual learning strategy, DnCNN implicitly removes the latent clean image in the hidden layers. This property motivates us to train a single DnCNN model to tackle with several general image denoising tasks, such as Gaussian denoising, single image super-resolution, and JPEG image deblocking. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that our DnCNN model can not only exhibit high effectiveness in several general image denoising tasks, but also be efficiently implemented by benefiting from GPU computing.
High-level Expression, Purification and Functional Properties of Soybean Proglycinin fromEscherichia coli (1990)

The proglycinin synthesized in E. coli JM105 comprised approximately 20 % of the total bacterial proteins, with a yield of 39 mg per liter of culture under the optimum cultivation conditions. The proglycinin was purified to homogeneity by salt precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and cryoprecipitation. The purified proglycinin self-assembled to a trimer with a secondary structure similar to that of the glycinin half-molecule from soybean seeds, and had properties of gel formation by heating and precipitation with calcium salt as the native glycinin and glycinin half-molecule do. This indicated that the E. coli expression system of glycinin cDNA may be used for the evaluation of the self-assembly and the food qualities of protein-engineered soybean proteins.
Circulating Immunoreactive proANP(1-30) and proANP(31-67) in Sedentary Subjects and Athletes (2000)

The proANP fragment assays are precise (CV <10%) and exhibit nearly quantitative recovery (102-112%). Only ir-proANP(31-67) responds to physical training.
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), tissue factor (TF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR): tumor expression patterns and prognostic value in oral cancer (2017)

This study may suggest that uPAR and TF could potentially be attractive targets for molecular imaging and therapy in OSCC due to high positive expression rates and tumor-specific expression patterns. High uPAR expression was significantly associated with a reduced survival. uPAR seems to be a prognostic biomarker in oral cancer.
Adventures with poxviruses of vertebrates (2000)

Because they were the largest of all viruses and could be visualised with a light microscope, the poxviruses were the first viruses to be intensively studied in the laboratory. It was clear from an early date that they caused important diseases of humans and their domestic animals, such as smallpox, cowpox, camelpox, sheeppox, fowlpox and goatpox. This essay recounts some of the early history of their recognition and classification and then expands on aspects of research on poxviruses in which the author has been involved. Studies on the best-known genus, Orthopoxvirus, relate to the use of infectious ectromelia of mice as a model for smallpox, embracing both experimental epidemiology and pathogenesis, studies on the genetics of vaccinia virus and the problem of non-genetic reactivation (previously termed 'transformation') and the campaign for the global eradication of smallpox. The other group of poxviruses described here, the genus Leporipoxvirus, came to prominence when the myxoma virus was used for the biological control of Australian wild rabbits. This provided a unique natural experiment on the coevolution of a virus and its host. Future research will include further studies of the many immunomodulatory genes found in all poxviruses of vertebrates, since these provide clues about the workings of the immune system and how viruses have evolved to evade it. Some of the many recombinant poxvirus constructs currently being studied may come into use as vaccines or for immunocontraception. A field that warrants study but will probably remain neglected is the natural history of skunkpox, raccoonpox, taterapox, yabapox, tanapox and other little-known poxviruses. A dismal prospect is the possible use of smallpox virus for bioterrorism.
Amino Acid Sequence of L-Asparaginase from Escherichia coli (1974)

The amino acid sequence of L-asparaginase [EC 3.5.1.1] from Escherichia coli A-1-3 was studied. Tryptic peptides were purified from S-carboxymethylated asparaginase and their sequences were established by subtractive Edman degradation and enzymatic digestion. The arrangement of the tryptic peptides were deduced from cyanogen bromide peptides of the protein. The sequence indicates that the molecule of L-asparaginase consists of four identical subunits, each with a molecular weight of 34,080.
p53 Is a Mediator for Radiation-repressed Human TR2 Orphan Receptor Expression in MCF-7 Cells, a New Pathway from Tumor Suppressor to Member of the Steroid Receptor Superfamily (1996)

p53 may function as a checkpoint by arresting the G1 cell cycle in response to DNA damage induced by radiation or other stimuli. We have found that the expression of the TR2 orphan receptor (TR2), a member of the steroid receptor superfamily, was down-regulated by ionizing irradiation. Our data shown in the present study demonstrate that irradiation can repress TR2 at both the translational and transcriptional levels. Transient transfection assays further link p53 to this repression by proving that endogenously induced or exogenously transfected p53 can repress TR2 gene expression, and this repression can be reversed by the co-transfection of SV40 large T antigen. Together, our data demonstrate for the first time that radiation and p53 can repress TR2, possibly providing a new pathway to link ionizing irradiation and p53 to members of the steroid receptor superfamily.