gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal Denervation Prevents Sodium Retention and Hypertension in Salt-Sensitive Rabbits with Genetic Baroreflex Impairment (1996)

1. Rabbits with a genetic impairment in baroreflex control of heart rate become hypertensive on a high salt diet. The present study determined the effect of bilateral renal denervation on blood pressure and sodium balance after salt loading (four times normal intake; 28-36 mEq NaCl/day) in normotensive rabbits with high (Group I) and low (Group II) baroreflex sensitivity, respectively. 2. Eight rabbits in each group were denervated or sham-denervated 1 week before commencement of the high salt diet. Before operation, the two groups differed only in the gain of their cardiac baroreflex (Group I, -6.4 +/- 0.4 beats min-1 mmHg-1; Group II, -3.2 +/- 0.15 beats min-1 mmHg-1). 3. In Group I sham-denervated rabbits, mean arterial pressure remained unchanged, and plasma renin activity and heart rate fell significantly in response to the high salt. In Group II sham-denervated rabbits, mean arterial pressure increased by 10.6 +/- 1.2 mmHg, and heart rate and plasma renin activity remained unchanged. Their cumulative Na+ retention and weight gain was more than twice that of Group I sham-denervated rabbits. 4. Renal denervation decreased plasma renin activity in both groups to < 1 pmol Ang I h-1 ml-1, lowered cumulative Na+ retention from 102 +/- 4 to 35 +/- 5 mEq (P < 0.01) and completely prevented the increase in mean arterial pressure in response to high salt in Group II. 5. The results suggest that Group II rabbits retain salt and fluid in response to their diet because of an abnormality in their control of renal nerve activity, possibly via vagal afferents. This results in blood pressure elevation because of an inability to lower peripheral resistance and heart rate in response to the increase in cardiac output. 6. Since they display several of the characteristics of salt-sensitive hypertensive humans, i.e. salt retention, normal plasma renin activity, but abnormal regulation of plasma renin activity and blood flow in response to salt loading, Group II are an appropriate model of human salt-induced hypertension.
Automatic partitioning of signal processing programs for symmetric multiprocessors (2002)

Symmetric multiprocessor systems are increasingly common, not only as servers, but as a vehicle for executing a single application in parallel in order to reduce its execution latency. This paper presents PEDIGREE, a compilation tool that employs a new partitioning heuristic based on the program dependence graph (PDG). PEDIGREE creates overlapping inter-dependent threads, each executing on a subset of the SMP's processors that marches the thread's available parallelism. A unified framework is used to build threads from procedures, loop nests, loop iterations, and smaller constructs. PEDIGREE does not require any parallel language support; it is a post-compilation tool that reads in object code. The SDIO Signal and Data Processing Benchmark Suite has been selected as an example of real-time, latency-sensitive code. Its coarse-grained data flow parallelism is exploited by PEDIGREE to achieve speedups of 1.56x/2.11x (mean/max) and 1.61x/2.60x on two and four processors, respectively. There is roughly a 15% improvement over existing techniques that exploit only data parallelism. By exploiting the unidirectional flow of data for coarse-grained pipelining, the synchronization overhead is typically limited to less than 6% for synchronization latency of 100 cycles, and less than 2% for 10 cycles.
Cavity-enhanced on-chip absorption spectroscopy using microring resonators (2008)

We demonstrate on-chip laser absorption spectroscopy using silicon microring resonators integrated with PDMS microfluidic channels. A 100 microm radius microring resonator with Q > 100,000 is used to enhance the interaction length between evanescent light and a cladding liquid. We measure absorption spectra of less than 2 nL of N-methylaniline from 1460 nm to 1610 nm with 1 nm resolution and effective free space path lengths up to 5 mm. This work can help realize a completely on-chip spectroscopy device for lab-on-a-chip applications.
The biochemistry of cell death by apoptosis (1990)

In higher organisms homeostatic control of cell number is thought to be the result of the dynamic balance between cell proliferation and cell death. While the process of proliferation has received a great deal of attention over the past 20 years, much less emphasis has been placed on the biochemical events that occur before and during cell death. In higher organisms cell death can be classified into one of three different categories: necrosis, which occurs as a result of massive tissue damage; terminal differentiation of specialized tissues such as the skin, intestine, and red blood cells; and apoptosis, which is a process of active cellular selfdestruction that requires the expression of a number of genes. The latter process was originally recognized and described by Wyllie who coined the term to describe the sequence of events that lead to cell death in a variety of different systems (Kerr et al., Br. J . Cancer, 26, 239-257, 1972), specifically to distinguish this form of cell death from necrosis. Apoptosis is induced in the terminally differentiated cells of hormone-dependent tissues, such as the prostate and mammary gland in the absence of the appropriate trophic hormones, resulting in the regression of the tissue. In other tissues apoptosis can be induced by positive modulators, such as Mullerian duct inhibiting substance (MIS) in the Mullerian ducts, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in adipocytes, and a variety of cell lines and glucocorticoids in lymphocytes and thymocytes. It can also be induced in cells that retain their proliferative potential (such as hepatocytes) to maintain homeostasis of cell numbers in organs such as the liver. In both proliferating and nonproliferating systems, apoptosis requires specific gene transcription and protein synthesis in the affected cell prior to death, although the biochemical sequence of events may vary slightly from one tissue to another.
A versatile half-micron complementary BiCMOS technology for microprocessor-based smart power applications (1995)

A modular, high density 0.5 /spl mu/m Complementary BiCMOS technology with integrated high-voltage Lateral Diffused MOS (LDMOS) and conductivity modulated Lateral Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (LIGBT) structures designed for high performance, multi-functional integrated circuit applications is described. The advantages of VLSI processing and 0.5 /spl mu/m compatible layout rules have been applied to the design and fabrication of the tight-pitch high-voltage devices without sacrificing the performance of 0.5 /spl mu/m dual-poly (N+/P+) gate CMOS and complementary vertical bipolar transistors. Single chip integration of VLSI microprocessors with high-voltage and/or high-current input and output functions for "Smart Power" applications can be achieved using this technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Black-box Adversarial Attacks with Limited Queries and Information (2018)

Current neural network-based classifiers are susceptible to adversarial examples even in the black-box setting, where the attacker only has query access to the model. In practice, the threat model for real-world systems is often more restrictive than the typical black-box model where the adversary can observe the full output of the network on arbitrarily many chosen inputs. We define three realistic threat models that more accurately characterize many real-world classifiers: the query-limited setting, the partial-information setting, and the label-only setting. We develop new attacks that fool classifiers under these more restrictive threat models, where previous methods would be impractical or ineffective. We demonstrate that our methods are effective against an ImageNet classifier under our proposed threat models. We also demonstrate a targeted black-box attack against a commercial classifier, overcoming the challenges of limited query access, partial information, and other practical issues to break the Google Cloud Vision API.
Differential Localization of Protein Kinase C δ by Phorbol Esters and Related Compounds Using a Fusion Protein with Green Fluorescent Protein (1999)

Enzyme localization often plays a controlling role in determining its activity and specificity. Protein kinase C (PKC) has long been known to translocate in response to physiological stimuli as well as to exogenous ligands such as the phorbol esters. We report here that different phorbol derivatives and related ligands, selected for differences in chemical structure and profile of biological activity, induce distinct patterns of redistribution of PKC delta. Localization of a PKC delta-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion construct was monitored in living Chinese hamster ovary cells as a function of ligand, concentration, and time using confocal laser scanning microscopy. delta-PKC-GFP was expressed predominantly in the cytoplasm, with some in the nucleus and perinuclear region. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced plasma membrane translocation followed by slower nuclear membrane translocation. As the concentration of PMA increased, the proportion of nuclear to plasma membrane localization increased markedly. In contrast to PMA, bryostatin 1, a unique activator of PKC that induces a subset of PMA-mediated responses while antagonizing others, at all doses induced almost exclusively nuclear membrane translocation. Like PMA, the complete tumor promoter 12-deoxyphorbol 13-tetradecanoate induced plasma membrane and slower nuclear membrane translocation, whereas the inhibitor of tumor promotion 12-deoxyphorbol 13-phenylacetate, which differs only in its side chain, induced a distinctive distribution of PKC delta-GFP. Finally, the novel constrained diacylglycerol derivative B8-DL-B8 induced a slow Golgi localization. We speculate that differential control of PKC delta localization may provide an interesting strategy for producing ligands with differential biological consequences.
D-type cyclin-dependent kinase activity in mammalian cells. (1994)

D-type cyclin-dependent kinase activities have not so far been detected in mammalian cells. Lysis of rodent fibroblasts, mouse macrophages, or myeloid cells with Tween 20 followed by precipitation with antibodies to cyclins D1, D2, and D3 or to their major catalytic partner, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4), yielded kinase activities in immune complexes which readily phosphorylated the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) but not histone H1 or casein. Virtually all cyclin D1-dependent kinase activity in proliferating macrophages and fibroblasts could be attributed to cdk4. When quiescent cells were stimulated by growth factors to enter the cell cycle, cyclin D1-dependent kinase activity was first detected in mid G1, reached a maximum near the G1/S transition, and remained elevated in proliferating cells. The rate of appearance of kinase activity during G1 phase lagged significantly behind cyclin induction and correlated with the more delayed accumulation of cdk4 and formation of cyclin D1-cdk4 complexes. Thus, cyclin D1-associated kinase activity was not detected during the G0-to-G1 transition, which occurs within the first few hours following growth factor stimulation. Rodent fibroblasts engineered to constitutively overexpress either cyclin D1 alone or cyclin D3 together with cdk4 exhibited greatly elevated cyclin D-dependent kinase activity, which remained absent in quiescent cells but rose to supraphysiologic levels as cells progressed through G1. Therefore, despite continued enforced overproduction of cyclins and cdk4, the assembly of cyclin D-cdk4 complexes and the appearance of their kinase activities remained dependent upon serum stimulation, indicating that upstream regulators must govern formation of the active enzymes.
Early Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Is Associated with Differential Changes in Tetrodotoxin-sensitive and -resistant Sodium Channels in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons in the Rat (2004)

Diabetic neuropathy is a common form of peripheral neuropathy, yet the mechanisms responsible for pain in this disease are poorly understood. Alterations in the expression and function of voltage-gated tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) sodium channels have been implicated in animal models of neuropathic pain, including models of diabetic neuropathy. We investigated the expression and function of TTX-sensitive (TTX-S) and TTX-R sodium channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and the responses to thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in streptozotocin-treated rats between 4-8 weeks after onset of diabetes. Diabetic rats demonstrated a significant reduction in the threshold for escape from innocuous mechanical pressure (allodynia) and a reduction in the latency to withdrawal from a noxious thermal stimulus (hyperalgesia). Both TTX-S and TTX-R sodium currents increased significantly in small DRG neurons isolated from diabetic rats. The voltage-dependent activation and steady-state inactivation curves for these currents were shifted negatively. TTX-S currents induced by fast or slow voltage ramps increased markedly in neurons from diabetic rats. Immunoblots and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated significant increases in the expression of Na(v)1.3 (TTX-S) and Na(v) 1.7 (TTX-S) and decreases in the expression of Na(v) 1.6 (TTX-S) and Na(v)1.8 (TTX-R) in diabetic rats. The level of serine/threonine phosphorylation of Na(v) 1.6 and In Na(v)1.8 increased in response to diabetes. addition, increased tyrosine phosphorylation of Na(v)1.6 and Na(v)1.7 was observed in DRGs from diabetic rats. These results suggest that both TTX-S and TTX-R sodium channels play important roles and that differential phosphorylation of sodium channels involving both serine/threonine and tyrosine sites contributes to painful diabetic neuropathy.
Real-time resilient focusing through a bending multimode fiber (2013)

Multimode optical fibers are attractive for biomedical and sensing applications because they possess a small cross section and can bend over small radii of curvature. However, mode phase-velocity dispersion and random mode coupling change with bending, temperature, and other perturbations, producing scrambling interference among propagating modes; hence preventing its use for focusing or imaging. To tackle this problem we introduce a system capable of re-focusing light through a multimode fiber in 37ms, one order of magnitude faster than demonstrated in previous reports. As a result, the focus spot can be maintained during significant bending of the fiber, opening numerous opportunities for endoscopic imaging and energy delivery applications. We measure the transmission matrix of the fiber by projecting binary-amplitude computer generated holograms using a digital micro-mirror device controlled by a field programmable gate array. The system shows two orders of magnitude enhancements of the focus spot relative to the background.
Interleukin 2 activation of natural killer cells rapidly induces the expression and phosphorylation of the Leu-23 activation antigen. (1988)

IL-2 potentiates both growth and cytotoxic function of T lymphocytes and NK cells. Resting peripheral blood NK cells can respond directly to rIL-2, without requirement for accessory cells or cofactors, and enhanced cytotoxicity can be measured within a few hours after exposure to this lymphokine. In this study, we describe an activation antigen, Leu-23, that is rapidly induced and phosphorylated after IL-2 stimulation of NK cells and a subset of low buoyant density T lymphocytes. Previously, it has been uncertain whether all NK cells or only a subset are responsive to IL-2. Since within 18 h after exposure to IL-2, essentially all NK cells express Leu-23, these findings indicate that all peripheral blood NK cells are responsive to stimulation by IL-2. The Leu-23 antigen is a disulfide-bonded homodimer, composed of 24-kD protein subunits with two N-linked oligosaccharides. Appearance of this glycoprotein on NK cells is IL-2 dependent and closely parallels IL-2-induced cytotoxicity against NK-resistant solid tumor cell targets.
Inducing circular RNA formation using the CRISPR endoribonuclease Csy4 (2017)

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly stable, covalently closed RNAs that are regulated in a spatiotemporal manner and whose functions are largely unknown. These molecules have the potential to be incorporated into engineered systems with broad technological implications. Here we describe a switch for inducing back-splicing of an engineered circRNA that relies on the CRISPR endoribonuclease, Csy4, as an activator of circularization. The endoribonuclease activity and 3' end-stabilizing properties of Csy4 are particularly suited for this task. Coexpression of Csy4 and the circRNA switch allows for the removal of downstream competitive splice sites and stabilization of the 5' cleavage product. This subsequently results in back-splicing of the 5' cleavage product into a circRNA that can translate a reporter protein from an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). Our platform outlines a straightforward approach toward regulating splicing and could find potential applications in synthetic biology as well as in studying the properties of different circRNAs.
Click chemistry armed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure palmitoylation by hedgehog acyltransferase (2015)

Hedgehog signaling is critical for correct embryogenesis and tissue development. However, on maturation, signaling is also found to be aberrantly activated in many cancers. Palmitoylation of the secreted signaling protein sonic hedgehog (Shh) by the enzyme hedgehog acyltransferase (Hhat) is required for functional signaling. To quantify this important posttranslational modification, many in vitro Shh palmitoylation assays employ radiolabeled fatty acids, which have limitations in terms of cost and safety. Here we present a click chemistry armed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (click-ELISA) for assessment of Hhat activity through acylation of biotinylated Shh peptide with an alkyne-tagged palmitoyl-CoA (coenzyme A) analogue. Click chemistry functionalization of the alkyne tag with azido-FLAG peptide allows analysis through an ELISA protocol and colorimetric readout. This assay format identified the detergent n-dodecyl β-d-maltopyranoside as an improved solubilizing agent for Hhat activity. Quantification of the potency of RU-SKI small molecule Hhat inhibitors by click-ELISA indicated IC50 values in the low- or sub-micromolar range. A stopped assay format was also employed that allows measurement of Hhat kinetic parameters where saturating substrate concentrations exceed the binding capacity of the streptavidin-coated plate. Therefore, click-ELISA represents a nonradioactive method for assessing protein palmitoylation in vitro that is readily expandable to other classes of protein lipidation.
Multi-Robot Motion Planning by Incremental Coordination (2006)

In a recent study, it was shown that high failure rates in decoupled multi-robot motion planning makes the decoupled planning approach an unsuitable choice, in comparison to the centralized approach, in many practical instances. Motivated by this study, we devised a new multi-robot planning strategy in which we partially merge the two stages of the basic decoupled planning approach. Our experimental results show that this new strategy significantly improves upon the reliability of the decoupled planning approach. Overall in our tests, the new strategy outperforms both the centralized and decoupled planning approach, indicating that in practice it can be a better choice, than both the centralized and decoupled approach, for solving multi-robot planning problems
Identification of Lung Tumor Antigens for Cancer Immunotherapy: Immunological and Molecular Approaches (2000)

(2000). Identification of Lung Tumor Antigens for Cancer Immunotherapy: Immunological and Molecular Approaches. Immunological Investigations: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 87-91.
Expression Pattern of MRP in Human Tissues and Adult Solid Tumor Cell Lines (1995)

Journal Article Expression Pattern of MRP in Human Tissues and Adult Solid Tumor Cell Lines Get access Gary D. Kruh, Gary D. Kruh Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, PA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Katheleen T. Gaughan, Katheleen T. Gaughan Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, PA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andrew Godwin, Andrew Godwin Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, PA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andrew Chan Andrew Chan The Derald H. Ruttenberg Cancer CenterNew York, NY Correspondence to: Gary D. Kruh, M.D., Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 16, 16 August 1995, Pages 1256–1260, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.16.1256 Published: 16 August 1995 Article history Received: 22 March 1995 Revision received: 16 May 1995 Accepted: 05 June 1995 Published: 16 August 1995
Electrostatic attraction governs the dimer assembly of human hemoglobin. (1986)

We have investigated the effect of surface charge on the rate of assembly of alpha beta dimers of human hemoglobin A: alpha + beta k a----alpha beta. Heme intact beta A subunits were compared with four mutant subunits which differ by integral units of charge: beta N(Lys-95----Glu) (2-); beta J(Gly-16----Asp) (1-); beta S(Glu-6----Val) (1+); beta C(Glu-6----Lys) (2+). Subunit competition experiments were performed as follows. Varying amounts of 3H-labeled alpha A subunits were added to a mixture containing equal amounts of beta A and beta X subunits so that alpha/(beta A + beta X) ranged from 0.05-1.0. The reconstituted 3H-labeled Hbs A and X were analyzed by ion-exchange high pressure liquid chromatography as well as by gel electrofocusing and fluorography. Under the solvent conditions employed (10 mM PO4(Na), pH 7.0, 0 degrees C) a predominant proportion of the beta subunits was monomeric. Therefore, the ratio of Hb X to Hb A formed from subunit reconstitution when alpha/(beta X + beta A) approached zero provides a direct measure of the relative rates of monomer combination: kXa/kAa. The experimental values of this ratio decreased monotonically with the overall charge of the variant beta subunit: beta N = 2.6; beta J = 1.5; beta S = 0.41; beta C = 0.13. In contrast surface charge had no significant effect on the rate of dissociation of the alpha beta dimer: alpha beta kd----alpha + beta. At pH 8.0, where the alpha chains lack a net surface charge, they combined equally well to beta A and beta C chains. These experiments are consistent with a two-step mechanism, alpha + beta in equilibrium (alpha...beta) in equilibrium alpha beta, where the oppositely charged monomers diffuse together under the influence of their mutual electrostatic interaction to form a nonspecifically bound encounter complex [alpha...beta] that undergoes a surface charge-independent rearrangement to form the stable dimer.