gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All- trans Retinoic Acid Facilitates Oncoretrovirus-Mediated Transduction of Hematopoietic Repopulating Stem Cells (2001)

A major limiting factor in achieving high levels of gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells is the ability to retain significant repopulating activity of the stem cells during the ex vivo exposure to oncoretroviral vectors. Recently, we reported that pharmacological levels (1 microM) of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) enhanced the maintenance of in vivo repopulating hematopoietic stem cells during liquid suspension culture. Therefore, we investigated the use of ATRA to improve transduction of hematopoietic repopulating cells. Hematopoietic precursors cultured and transduced with a GFP-containing oncoretroviral vector with or without ATRA were transplanted immediately post-transduction (day 3 post-culture initiation) or following extended culture without further transduction (day 7 post-culture initiation). Mice transplanted with 3-day ATRA-treated cells had four-fold more donor cells than the untreated cells. In contrast, there were more GFP-expressing donor cells in recipients of cells cultured without ATRA (31.31 +/- 8.47% no ATRA vs. 16.52 +/- 9.35% ATRA). After 7 days of culture, however, the repopulating ability of the hematopoietic precursors was the same for both treatment groups, but the ATRA-treated cells had significantly more green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing donor cells (5.57 +/- O.53% no ATRA vs. 13.67 +/- 2.14% ATRA). Secondary recipients of marrow from recipients of the 3 day cultured cells had similar donor cell levels, but the percentage of GFP-expressing cells within the donor cell population was higher in the recipients of ATRA-treated cells (3.25 +/- 0.70% no ATRA vs. 7.97 +/- 2.71% ATRA). Our data show that the addition of ATRA to cultures of hematopoietic precursors resulted in increased gene transfer into murine hematopoietic repopulating cells. These data suggest that ATRA may be useful in clinical gene therapy protocols using oncoretroviral vectors.
Intra-operative and post-operative flow in the in-situ saphenous vein bypass. (1987)

We have attempted to further define the hemodynamic properties of the arterialized in-situ saphenous vein. The natural taper of the vein and the presence of arteriovenous fistulas are two unique factors associated with this conduit. Utilizing intra-operative electromagnetic flowmeter (EF) measurements and post-operative duplex ultrasound scanning (DUS), we have studied the natural history of these conduits from the time of their arterialization. The EF mean arterial blood flow in 71 in-situ bypasses was 100.8 cc/ml, range 25-200. No significant correlation was found between these measurements and angiographic runoff, vein diameter, pre- or post-operative Ankle/Brachial Index (ABI) and site of distal anastomosis. Three immediate failures requiring revisions were not predicted by EF flow measurements. Using the unique combination of Doppler ultrasound measurement and real time imaging, afforded by the DUS, fistula flow was determined. These studies showed that terminal bypass segment blood flow is not significantly affected by cutaneous fistula interruption. We found that duplex ultrasound scanning is a useful tool ideally suited to the study of the arterialized saphenous vein in-situ. One of its main advantages is the ability to accurately localize the site and hemodynamic significance of any arteriovenous fistulas.
Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes benefit from palliative therapy with amifostine, pentoxifylline, and ciprofloxacin with or without dexamethasone (2000)

Thirty-five patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) were registered on protocol MDS 96-02 and were receiving continuous therapy with pentoxifylline 800 mg 3 times a day and ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice a day by mouth; dexamethasone was added to the regimen for the partial responders and the nonresponders after 12 weeks at a dose of 4 mg by mouth every morning for 4 weeks. Amifostine was administered intravenously 3 times a week at 3 dose levels (200 mg/M(2), 300 mg/M(2), and 400 mg/M(2)) to cohorts of 10 patients each. Therapy has been continued for 1 year in responders. Twenty-nine have completed at least 12 weeks of therapy and are available for response evaluation. Of the 21 men and 8 women (median age, 67 years), 20 had refractory anemia (RA), 3 had RA with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), 5 had RA with excess blasts (RAEB), and 1 had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL). Five had secondary MDS. No differences were noted in response rates among the 3 dose levels. Seven patients did not respond at all, and 22 showed an improvement in cytopenias (76%). Three had a triple lineage response, 10 had a double lineage response, and 9 had a single lineage response (8 of 9 in absolute neutrophil count [ANC] and 1 had more than a 50% reduction in packed red blood cell transfusions). Fifteen patients responded only after the addition of dexamethasone, whereas 7 responded before. When examined by lineage, 19 of 22 showed improved ANC, 11 of 22 demonstrated more than 50% reduction in blood transfusions, improved Hb levels, or both, and 7 of 22 showed improvement in platelet counts. Interestingly, the responses were frequently slow to appear, and continued improvement in counts was seen up to 12 months of therapy and beyond. This study supports the feasibility of treating patients with MDS with the unique approach of cytoprotection and anticytokine therapies as well as the principle that prolonged commitment to treatment is desirable when noncytotoxic agents are administered. (Blood. 2000;95:1580-1587)
TREATMENT OF P815 MASTOCYTOMA IN DBA/2 MICE WITH RNA (1974)

SUMMARY A cell‐free system prepared from spleen cells of DBA/2 mice was stimulated by P815 tumour cells as antigen. The response of the cell‐free system to this stimulation was a synthesis of i‐RNA in the cell free system. The i‐RNA was isolated by a combined phenol‐Na‐dodecyl‐sulphate extraction method and purified by gradient centrifugation. This i‐RNA was injected to DBA/2 mice to which P815 tumour cells were implanted at different time intervals before the i‐RNA application. It could be demonstrated that the i‐RNA inhibits the development of tumour. Theoretical and practical implications of the experiments are discussed.
The costs of back pain in industry. (1988)

The overall costs of back pain, including the costs of medical care, compensation for lost wages, and indirect costs, are reviewed and their magnitude emphasized.
Separation and Purification (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation and PurificationCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 6, 499APublication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online24 May 2012Published inissue 1 May 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50014a729RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (940 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Ultrahigh-speed optical frequency domain imaging and application to laser ablation monitoring (2006)

We demonstrate a linear laser resonator incorporating a semiconductor optical amplifier and scanning filter for high repetition rate, broad wavelength, unidirectional scanning. The laser operates at up to 115kHz repetition rates and demonstrates a tuning-speed-independent power of &amp;gt;30mW. We apply this laser to enable ultrahigh-speed optical frequency domain imaging of the dynamics of laser ablation of biological tissue. The imaging system acquires single longitudinal scans (A-lines) in 8.7μs and complete cross-sectional images comprising 575A-lines at a rate of 200 frames per second.
Bcl-xL Mediates a Survival Mechanism Independent of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway in Prostate Cancer Cells (2003)

Among various molecular strategies by which prostate cancer cells evade apoptosis, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling represents a dominant survival pathway. However, different prostate cancer cell lines such as LNCaP and PC-3 display differential sensitivity to the apoptotic effect of PI3K inhibition in serum-free media, reflecting the heterogeneous nature of prostate cancer in apoptosis regulation. Whereas both cell lines are equally susceptible to LY294002-mediated Akt dephosphorylation, only LNCaP cells default to apoptosis, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation and cytochrome c release. In PC-3 cells, Akt deactivation does not lead to cytochrome c release, suggesting that the intermediary signaling pathway is short-circuited by an antiapoptotic factor. This study presents evidence that Bcl-xL overexpression provides a distinct survival mechanism that protects PC-3 cells from apoptotic signals emanating from PI3K inhibition. First, the Bcl-xL/BAD ratio in PC-3 cells is at least an order of magnitude greater than that of LNCaP cells. Second, ectopic expression of Bcl-xL protects LNCaP cells against LY294002-induced apoptosis. Third, antisense down-regulation of Bcl-xL sensitizes PC-3 cells to the apoptotic effect of LY294002. The physiological relevance of this Bcl-xL-mediated survival mechanism is further underscored by the protective effect of serum on LY294002-induced cell death in LNCaP cells, which is correlated with a multifold increase in Bcl-xL expression. In contrast to Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 expression levels are similar in both cells lines, and do not respond to serum stimulation, suggesting that Bcl-2 may not play a physiological role in antagonizing apoptosis signals pertinent to BAD activation in prostate cancer cells.
Noncovalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by pyrene containing polymers (2003)

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been solubilized in water and in various organic solvents by noncovalent side-wall functionalization by pyrene containing polymers.
Heterogeneity of Macrophages in the Rat Evidenced by Variability in Determinants: Two New Anti-Rat Macrophage Antibodies Against a Heterodimer of 160 and 95 kd (CD11/CD18) (1989)

A set of three monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), ED1, ED2, and ED3, has been shown to recognize in situ different subsets of macrophages in the rat. This macrophage diversity can be correlated with differences in stage of differentiation of cells belonging to one lineage. The present study quantifies this antigen distribution in the macrophage fractions of several lymphoid organs provided by Percoll centrifugation. Four new MoAbs (ED4, ED7, ED8, and ED9) raised against macrophages are included in this study. The tissue distribution of each of the four new MoAbs is determined by immuno- and enzyme-histochemistry on cryostat sections. The MoAbs recognize distinct subpopulations of macrophages. The new MoAbs ED4, ED7, ED8, and ED9 recognize granulocytes and other unrelated cell types, as well as cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. ED7 and ED8 recognize a surface heterodimer of Mr 160,000 and 95,000.
Preparation and purification of L-(.+-.)-5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (1979)

Reinvestigation of the conversion of folic acid to leucovorin [L-(+/-)-5-CHO-THF] led to improved methods for the synthesis of this drug, which is suitable for clinical use. Also, methods were developed for the chromatographic and nonchromatographic purification of less pure samples of L-(+/-)-5-CHO-THF.
Metabolism of two analgesic agents, tramadol-n-oxide and tramadol, in specific pathogen-free and axenic mice (2006)

The in vivo metabolism of both tramadol-N-oxide (TNO) and tramadol was investigated in urine pools obtained from 0-24 h after a single 300 mg kg-1 oral dose administration of each compound to specific pathogen-free and axenic mice. Unchanged TNO (< or =42% of the initial drug sample), tramadol, and 23 metabolites from TNO-treated mice and unchanged tramadol (< or =15% of the sample) plus 20 metabolites from tramadol-treated mice were profiled, quantified and tentatively identified on the basis of atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (API-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data. Of the tramadol metabolites, five (M1-5) have been previously identified in mice. Of the tramadol and TNO metabolites, six (M18-23) are new metabolites. The tramadol and TNO metabolites were formed via the following seven metabolic pathways: N-oxide reduction (TNO), O/N-demethylation, cyclohexyloxidation, oxidative N-dealkylation, dehydration (TNO), N-oxidation (tramadol), and glucuronidation. Pathways 1-3 appear to be predominant steps forming four major O/N-desmethyl and hydroxycyclohexyl metabolites, and in conjunction with pathway 7, formed six minor glucuronides. Both tramadol-N-oxide and tramadol are extensively metabolized in mice, and no significant qualitative or quantitative differences in metabolism were observed between specific pathogen-free and axenic mice with the exception of a greater amount of unchanged TNO in axenic mice than in specific pathogen-free mice, more M2 in specific pathogen-free mice than in axenic mice in the TNO-dosed mice, and visa versa for M2 of tramadol-dosed mice.
Granulysin, a Cytolytic Molecule, Is Also a Chemoattractant and Proinflammatory Activator (2005)

Granulysin, a cationic protein produced by activated human CTL and NK cells, is cytolytic against microbial and tumor targets. In this study we show that granulysin also functions as a chemoattractant and activates monocytes to produce cytokines/chemokines. Although granulysin-mediated cytotoxicity occurs at micromolar concentrations, chemoattraction occurs in the nanomolar range, and immune activation occurs over a wide range of concentrations (nanomolar to micromolar). Granulysin causes a 2- to 7-fold increase in chemotaxis of monocytes, CD4(+), and CD8(+) memory (CD45RO) but not naive (CD45RA) T cells, NK cells, and mature, but not immature, monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Pertussis toxin treatment abrogates chemoattraction by granulysin, indicating involvement of G-protein-coupled receptor(s). At low concentrations (10 nM), granulysin promotes a 3- to 10-fold increase in MCP-1 and RANTES produced by monocytes and U937 cells, while a 2-fold increase in TNF-alpha production by LPS-stimulated monocytes requires higher concentrations of granulysin (micromolar). Taken together, these data indicate that the local concentration of granulysin is critical for the biologic activity, with high concentrations resulting in cytotoxicity while lower concentrations, presumably further from the site of granulysin release, actively recruit immune cells to sites of inflammation.
Standardized collection of MNase-seq experiments enables unbiased dataset comparisons (2012)

We validated our method by comparing the experiment-to-experiment variation between biological replicates of chromatin preparations from S. cerevisiae. Results from our matched preparation consistently produced MNase-seq datasets that were more closely correlated than other unstandardized approaches. Additionally, we validated the ability of our approach at enabling accurate downstream comparisons of chromatin structures, by comparing the specificity of detecting Tup1-dependent chromatin remodeling events in comparisons between matched and un-matched wild-type and tup1Δ MNase-seq datasets. Our matched MNase-seq datasets demonstrated a significant reduction in non-specific (technical) differences between experiments and were able to maximize the detection of biologically-relevant (Tup1-dependent) changes in chromatin structure.
Epinephrine Produces a β-Adrenergic Receptor-Mediated Mechanical Hyperalgesia and In Vitro Sensitization of Rat Nociceptors (1999)

Hyperalgesic and nociceptor sensitizing effects mediated by the beta-adrenergic receptor were evaluated in the rat. Intradermal injection of epinephrine, the major endogenous ligand for the beta-adrenergic receptor, into the dorsum of the hindpaw of the rat produced a dose-dependent mechanical hyperalgesia, quantified by the Randall-Selitto paw-withdrawal test. Epinephrine-induced hyperalgesia was attenuated significantly by intradermal pretreatment with propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, but not by phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Epinephrine-induced hyperalgesia developed rapidly; it was statistically significant by 2 min after injection, reached a maximum effect within 5 min, and lasted 2 h. Injection of a more beta-adrenergic receptor-selective agonist, isoproterenol, also produced dose-dependent hyperalgesia, which was attenuated by propranolol but not phentolamine. Epinephrine-induced hyperalgesia was not affected by indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase, or by surgical sympathectomy. It was attenuated significantly by inhibitors of the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate signaling pathway (the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, SQ 22536, and the protein kinase A inhibitors, Rp-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and WIPTIDE), inhibitors of the protein kinase C signaling pathway (chelerythrine and bisindolylmaleimide) and a mu-opioid receptor agonist DAMGO ([D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin). Consistent with the hypothesis that epinephrine produces hyperalgesia by a direct action on primary afferent nociceptors, it was found to sensitize small-diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture, i. e., to produce an increase in number of spikes and a decrease in latency to firing during a ramped depolarizing stimulus. These effects were blocked by propranolol. Furthermore epinephrine, like several other direct-acting hyperalgesic agents, caused a potentiation of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium current, an effect that was abolished by Rp-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and significantly attenuated by bisindolylmaleimide. Isoproterenol also potentiated tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium current. In conclusion, epinephrine produces cutaneous mechanical hyperalgesia and sensitizes cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons in the absence of nerve injury via an action at a beta-adrenergic receptor. These effects of epinephrine are mediated by both the protein kinase A and protein kinase C second-messenger pathways.
Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation (2011)

This study describes and validates a new method for metagenomic biomarker discovery by way of class comparison, tests of biological consistency and effect size estimation. This addresses the challenge of finding organisms, genes, or pathways that consistently explain the differences between two or more microbial communities, which is a central problem to the study of metagenomics. We extensively validate our method on several microbiomes and a convenient online interface for the method is provided at http://huttenhower.sph.harvard.edu/lefse/.
Dexamethasone and lenalidomide have distinct functional effects on erythropoiesis (2011)

Corticosteroids and lenalidomide decrease red blood cell transfusion dependence in patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), respectively. We explored the effects of dexamethasone and lenalidomide, individually and in combination, on the differentiation of primary human bone marrow progenitor cells in vitro. Both agents promote erythropoiesis, increasing the absolute number of erythroid cells produced from normal CD34(+) cells and from CD34(+) cells with the types of ribosome dysfunction found in DBA and del(5q) MDS. However, the drugs had distinct effects on the production of erythroid progenitor colonies; dexamethasone selectively increased the number of burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), whereas lenalidomide specifically increased colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E). Use of the drugs in combination demonstrated that their effects are not redundant. In addition, dexamethasone and lenalidomide induced distinct gene-expression profiles. In coculture experiments, we examined the role of the microenvironment in response to both drugs and found that the presence of macrophages, the central cells in erythroblastic islands, accentuated the effects of both agents. Our findings indicate that dexamethasone and lenalidomide promote different stages of erythropoiesis and support the potential clinical utility of combination therapy for patients with bone marrow failure.
Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition Assisted by Self-Assembled Monolayers: A Comparison of Cu, Co, W, and Ru (2019)

Area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) is a promising “bottom-up” alternative to current nanopatterning techniques. Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) have been successfully employed as deactivating agents to achieve AS-ALD. In this work, the formation of octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) SAMs is studied on four technologically important metal substrates: Cu, Co, W, and Ru. The SAM quality is shown to be dependent on temperature, solvent, and the nature of the substrate. The blocking ability of the ODPA-treated substrates is evaluated using ZnO and Al2O3 model ALD processes. Spectroscopic analyses reveal that ODPA-assisted ALD blocking can be achieved to varying degrees of success on each metal. ODPA-protected W showed >90% selectivity after 32 nm ZnO and 8 nm Al2O3 ALD, exhibiting the best blocking overall. For all substrates, ZnO ALD proved consistently easier to block than Al2O3, indicating the importance of precursor chemistry. Additionally, we show that the self-correcting process previously reported for Cu using an acetic acid etchant can be extended to Co. This process improves selective deposition of Al2O3 on patterned Co/SiO2 with feature sizes as small as 25 nm. Additional studies reveal that feature size and density affect the apparent selectivity in SAM-based AS-ALD, highlighting the importance of such considerations in future process developments.
Supporting continuous mobility through multi-rate wireless packetization (2008)

Continuous mobility scenarios are those in which applications continue to use the radio interface while on the move. With the emergence of Voice-over-WiFi phones, WiFi-enabled music players, and many other such gadgets, continuous mobility is becoming a prevalent mode of operation for WiFi standards. We contend that the existing packetization structures employed in WiFi devices, is not the most suitable for these emerging class of continuous mobility applications. Therefore, in this paper, we suggest a new software-level, standards-compliant extension to the WiFi packetization techniques that provides greater agility and improved performance. In particular, we propose the notion of a multi-rate wireless packet, in which different segments of the same Protocol Data Unit (PDU) are modulated at different physical transmission rates. This is a departure from conventional modulation mechanisms in which the entire PDU is modulated using a single rate. In this paper, we (i) discuss some uses of such a packetization structure for continuous mobility applications, (ii) describe a practical approach to implementing multi-rate wireless packetization in the 802.11 context as a software-only modification that directly leverages current PHY and MAC layer implementations, and (iii) demonstrate the benefits of such an approach with some simple evaluation. We conclude by discussing some of the next steps needed to realize the full potential of this notion.