gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNA Mimics of Green Fluorescent Protein (2011)

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its derivatives have transformed the use and analysis of proteins for diverse applications. Like proteins, RNA has complex roles in cellular function and is increasingly used for various applications, but a comparable approach for fluorescently tagging RNA is lacking. Here, we describe the generation of RNA aptamers that bind fluorophores resembling the fluorophore in GFP. These RNA-fluorophore complexes create a palette that spans the visible spectrum. An RNA-fluorophore complex, termed Spinach, resembles enhanced GFP and emits a green fluorescence comparable in brightness with fluorescent proteins. Spinach is markedly resistant to photobleaching, and Spinach fusion RNAs can be imaged in living cells. These RNA mimics of GFP provide an approach for genetic encoding of fluorescent RNAs.
A review of omega-3 ethyl esters for cardiovascular prevention and treatment of increased blood triglyceride levels (2006)

The two marine omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), prevalent in fish and fish oils, have been investigated as a strategy towards prophylaxis of atherosclerosis. While the results with fish and fish oils have been not as clear cut, the data generated with the purified ethyl ester forms of these two fatty acids are consistent. Although slight differences in biological activity exist between EPA and DHA, both exert a number of positive actions against atherosclerosis and its complications. EPA and DHA as ethyl esters inhibit platelet aggregability, and reduce serum triglycerides, while leaving other serum lipids essentially unaltered. Glucose metabolism has been studied extensively, and no adverse effects were seen. Pro-atherogenic cytokines are reduced, as are markers of endothelial activation. Endothelial function is improved, vascular occlusion is reduced, and the course of coronary atherosclerosis is mitigated. Heart rate is reduced, and heart rate variability is increased by EPA and DHA. An antiarrhythmic effect can be demonstrated on the supraventricular and the ventricular level. More importantly, two large studies showed reductions in clinical endpoints like sudden cardiac death or major adverse cardiac events. As a consequence, relevant cardiac societies recommend using 1 g/day of EPA and DHA for cardiovascular prevention, after a myocardial infarction and for prevention of sudden cardiac death.
Emerging flexible and wearable physical sensing platforms for healthcare and biomedical applications (2016)

There are now numerous emerging flexible and wearable sensing technologies that can perform a myriad of physical and physiological measurements. Rapid advances in developing and implementing such sensors in the last several years have demonstrated the growing significance and potential utility of this unique class of sensing platforms. Applications include wearable consumer electronics, soft robotics, medical prosthetics, electronic skin, and health monitoring. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the emerging flexible and wearable sensing platforms for healthcare and biomedical applications. We first introduce the selection of flexible and stretchable materials and the fabrication of sensors based on these materials. We then compare the different solid-state and liquid-state physical sensing platforms and examine the mechanical deformation-based working mechanisms of these sensors. We also highlight some of the exciting applications of flexible and wearable physical sensors in emerging healthcare and biomedical applications, in particular for artificial electronic skins, physiological health monitoring and assessment, and therapeutic and drug delivery. Finally, we conclude this review by offering some insight into the challenges and opportunities facing this field.
In vivo targeting of B-cell lymphoma with glycan ligands of CD22 (2010)

Antibody-mediated cell depletion therapy has proven to provide significant clinical benefit in treatment of lymphomas and leukemias, driving the development of improved therapies with novel mechanisms of cell killing. A current clinical target for B-cell lymphoma is CD22, a B-cell-specific member of the sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin (siglec) family that recognizes alpha2-6-linked sialylated glycans as ligands. Here, we describe a novel approach for targeting B lymphoma cells with doxorubicin-loaded liposomal nanoparticles displaying high-affinity glycan ligands of CD22. The targeted liposomes are actively bound and endocytosed by CD22 on B cells, and significantly extend life in a xenograft model of human B-cell lymphoma. Moreover, they bind and kill malignant B cells from peripheral blood samples obtained from patients with hairy cell leukemia, marginal zone lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The results demonstrate the potential for using a carbohydrate recognition-based approach for efficiently targeting B cells in vivo that can offer improved treatment options for patients with B-cell malignancies.
Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networks (2013)

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are systems that continuously acquire data and provide position time series. Many monitoring applications are based on GNSS data and their efficiency depends on the capability in the time series analysis to characterize the signal content and/or to predict incoming coordinates. In this work we propose a suitable Network Architecture, based on Long Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks, to solve two main tasks in GNSS time series analysis: denoising and prediction. We carry out an analysis on a synthetic time series, then we inspect two real different case studies and evaluate the results. We develop a non-deep network that removes almost the 50% of scattering from real GNSS time series and achieves a coordinate prediction with 1.1 millimeters of Mean Squared Error.
Synthesis of denitrification enzymes in activated sludge: modelling with structured biomass (1994)

Three mechanisms are responsible for microbiological elimination processes in activated sludge: the survival of qualified organisms in the ecological selection process, the expression of specific enzymes and the absence of inhibitors limiting enzyme activity. A mathematical model with structured biomass has been formulated to improve the description of data from denitrification experiments. The model includes synthesis and decay of denitrification enzymes and is able to predict nitrate, nitrite and N2O concentrations. Kinetic parameters have been estimated and used to simulate the effect of cell saturation with enzymes in a waste water treatment process. Low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the anoxic reactor reduce the denitrification efficiency equally by inhibiting enzyme activity and enzyme synthesis: at 0.5 gm−3 O2 enzyme decay causes a cell saturation of below 40 %. Enzyme synthesis can take place in the sludge blanket of a secondary sedimentation tank and improve denitrification efficiency. The benefit of modelling with structured biomass is shown. The comprehension of experimental observations has been improved, and plant design and operation can be optimized. However, the multitude of unknown parameters still may restrict the validity of complex models.
Automated repetitive microsampling of blood: growth hormone profiles in conscious male rats (1986)

A system is described for the automatic collection of small samples of blood from conscious rats. Rats bearing chronic indwelling i.v. catheters were connected via swivels to a multichannel peristaltic pump, solenoid valves and a fraction collector. A microcomputer controlled the operations involved in the removal of blood and its deposition into a fraction collector for subsequent direct radioimmunoassay for GH. Blood samples of 10-20 microliter could be collected, into a total volume of 100 microliter heparinized saline, from up to eight rats simultaneously every few minutes for many hours. This collection method avoided major blood loss and did not require transfusions of donor blood to maintain blood volume. Using a double-lumen cannula it was possible to inject or infuse into the animals while sampling blood. The system was used to investigate in detail the secretion of GH in conscious male rats. The 3-hourly endogenous secretory rhythm of GH was maintained for up to 44 h with episodes of GH secretion being multicomponent. Endogenous secretion was suppressed by constant i.v. infusions of somatostatin, with repetitive sampling showing in detail a rapid rebound secretion of GH after terminating the somatostatin infusions. Four injections of a fragment of GH-releasing factor, given at 3-hourly intervals, produced entrained GH responses, but the subsequent recovery of endogenous GH pulsing was delayed for up to 12 h. This method for the automatic microsampling of blood in small animals gives a very detailed description of the blood levels of hormones secreted in a highly episodic fashion, and could be widely applicable to other endocrine studies.
MAC Protocols for Multimedia Data over HFC Architecture (1995)

Supporting multimedia services and real-time communications in broadcast &#13;\nnetworks brings new challenges in the design of MAC protocols, specially in &#13;\nthose network architectures that are restricted to a contention based physical&#13;\nmedium. The Media Access Protocol (MAC) has to be flexible enough in order &#13;\nto immediately adjust to new incoming events. Three main mechanisms&#13;\ncontrol this flexibility: Connection admission control, Priority mechanism &#13;\nand Scheduling discipline. This study concentrates on the integration of the &#13;\nbasic MAC protocol with a priority mechanism and a scheduling discipline. &#13;\nMoreover, the new emerging HFC (Hybrid Fiber/Coax) architecture is taken as &#13;\nthe basis for the study. The main challenge related to the priority scheme is &#13;\nthe Contention Resolution Algorithm (CRA). The tradeoff simplicity versus &#13;\nreactive time leads to the design of the scheduling discipline.
Resolution-enhanced Fourier ptychographic microscopy based on high-numerical-aperture illuminations (2017)

High-resolution and wide field-of-view (FOV) microscopic imaging plays a central role in diverse applications such as high-throughput screening and digital pathology. However, conventional microscopes face inherent trade-offs between the spatial resolution and FOV, which are fundamental limited by the space-bandwidth product (SBP) of the optical system. The resolution-FOV tradeoff can be effectively decoupled in Fourier ptychography microscopy (FPM), however, to date, the effective imaging NA achievable with a typical FPM system is still limited to the range of 0.4-0.7. Herein, we report, for the first time, a high-NA illumination based resolution-enhanced FPM (REFPM) platform, in which a LED-array-based digital oil-immersion condenser is used to create high-angle programmable plane-wave illuminations, endowing a 10×, 0.4 NA objective lens with final effective imaging performance of 1.6 NA. With REFPM, we present the highest-resolution results with a unprecedented half-pitch resolution of 154 nm at a wavelength of 435 nm across a wide FOV of 2.34 mm<sup>2</sup>, corresponding to an SBP of 98.5 megapixels (~50 times higher than that of the conventional incoherent microscope with the same resolution). Our work provides an important step of FPM towards high-resolution large-NA imaging applications, generating comparable resolution performance but significantly broadening the FOV of conventional oil-immersion microscopes.
Photophysical Properties of a Series of Free-Base Corroles (2005)

Four free-base corroles with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups on the para or 2 through 6-positons of the meso phenyl rings were prepared via either Paolesse or Gross conditions and investigated for their absorption and emission properties. The triaryl corroles 5,10,15-triphenylcorrole, 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole, 5,10,15-tris(p-nitrophenyl)corrole, and 5,10,15-tris(p-methoxyphenyl)corrole were examined. Absorption, steady-state, and time-resolved fluorescence measurements were performed on all compounds in both nonpolar (dichloromethane) and polar (dimethylacetamide) solvents. The experimental evidence points to hydrogen bonding with an internal N-H group as the most likely factor in the solvent-dependent photophysical behavior of these corroles, that is also highly dependent upon substitution.
Left Behind: Japan's Wartime Defeat and the Stranded Women of Manchukuo (2007)

The zanryu fujin (stranded war wives) [1] are former Japanese emigrants to Manchukuo who remained in China at the end of the Second World War. They were long among the forgotten legacies of Japan's imperialist past. [2] The reasons why these women did not undergo repatriation during the years up to 1958, when large numbers of former colonial emigrants returned to Japan, are varied but in many cases, the ‘Chinese’ families that adopted them, or into which they married, played a part. [3] The stories of survival during the period immediately after the entry of the Soviet Union into the Pacific War on 9 August 1945, the civil war that followed, and throughout the years of the Cultural Revolution, are testament to their strength. At the same time, the history of how the zanryu fujin came to be in China is useful for understanding the Japanese government's colonial policies, its wartime attitudes toward women, and its post war handling of inconvenient war legacies.
Microwave performance of GaN MESFETs (1994)

GaN MESFETs have been fabricated with a 0.25 µm thick channel on a high resistivity GaN layer grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy. These devices have a transconductance of 20 mS/mm. For a 0.7 µm gate length device, the measured fT and fmax were 8 and 17 GHz, respectively.
Accurate Spectroscopic Calibration for Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring by Modeling the Physiological Glucose Dynamics (2010)

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose is a major challenge for noninvasive glucose concentration measurements. This is a particular problem for spectroscopic techniques, which predominantly probe ISF glucose, creating inconsistencies in calibration, where blood glucose measurements are used as a reference. To overcome this problem, we present a dynamic concentration correction (DCC) scheme, based on the mass transfer of glucose between blood and ISF, to ensure consistency with the spectral measurements. The proposed formalism allows the transformation of glucose in the concentration domain, ensuring consistency with the acquired spectra in the calibration model. Taking Raman spectroscopy as a specific example, we demonstrate that the predicted glucose concentrations using the DCC-based calibration model closely match the measured glucose concentrations, while those generated with the conventional calibration methods show significantly larger deviations from the measured values. In addition, we provide an analytical formula for a previously unidentified source of limiting uncertainty arising in spectroscopic glucose monitoring from a lack of knowledge of glucose kinetics in prediction samples. A study with human volunteers undergoing glucose tolerance tests indicates that this lag uncertainty, which is comparable in magnitude to the uncertainty arising from noise and nonorthogonality in the spectral data set, can be reduced substantially by employing the DCC scheme in spectroscopic calibration.
Cloning and characterisation of the human 5‐HT5A serotonin receptor (1994)

The human 5-HT5A serotonin receptor has been cloned. As with the mouse and rat 5-HT5A receptors, the gene consists of two coding exons separated by a large intron. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene reveals a protein of 357 residues which shares 93% (nucleotide) and 84% (amino acid) identity to the cloned mouse 5-HT5A receptor. We have determined the tissue distribution of the receptor by reverse transcriptase-PCR and found expression in all regions of the brain examined with little or no expression in peripheral tissues. The receptor has been transiently expressed in Cos M6 cells and exhibits a pharmacological profile closely resembling the mouse and rat 5-HT5A receptors with high, specific binding for ergotamine and methiothepin.
Immunity to WT1 in the animal model and in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (2000)

The Wilms' tumor (WT1) gene participates in leukemogenesis and is overexpressed in most types of leukemia in humans. WT1 is also detectable in many types of lung, thyroid, breast, testicular, and ovarian cancers and melanoma in humans. Initial studies evaluated whether immune responses to murine WT1 can be elicited in mice. Murine and human WT1 are similar. Thus, mouse models might lead to resolution of many of the critical issues for developing WT1 vaccines. C57/BL6 (B6) mice were injected with synthetic peptides from the natural sequence of WT1 containing motifs for binding to major histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules. Immunization induced helper T-cell responses specific for the immunizing WT1 peptides and antibody responses specific for WT1 protein. Screening of multiple murine cancer cell lines identified 2 murine cancers, TRAMP-C and BLKSV40, that "naturally" overexpress WT1. Immunization with MHC class I binding peptides induced WT1 peptide-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) that specifically lysed TRAMP-C and BLKSV40. WT1 specificity of lysis was confirmed by cold target inhibition. No toxicity was noted by histopathologic evaluation in the WT1 peptide-immunized animals. WT1 peptide immunization did not show any effect on TRAMP-C tumor growth in vivo. Immunization of B6 mice to syngeneic TRAMP-C elicited WT1-specific antibody, demonstrating that WT1 can be immunogenic in the context of cancer cells. To evaluate whether WT1 might be similarly immunogenic in humans, serum from patients with leukemia was evaluated for pre-existing antibody responses. Western blot analyses showed WT1-specific antibodies directed against the N-terminus portion of the WT1 protein in the sera of 3 of 18 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (Blood. 2000;96:1480-1489)
NEXT GENERATION HIGH THROUGHPUT SATELLITE SYSTEM BASED ON OPTICAL FEEDER LINKS (2015)

High-data-rate ground-to-space optical links are envisioned to be an alternative and more probably a next step to radio-frequency links, after the Q/V band still under development [1] for the feeder links of next generation high throughput satellites.Indeed, optical links allow a significant increase of the available spectral resources per link.This enables a drastic reduction of the number of gateway stations required on the feeder link, making this approach highly attractive when it comes to serve a large number of small user beams (i.e.Terabit/s scenario).In this paper, a two co-located high throughput satellites solution covering EU27 is presented, implementing an innovative free-space optical feeder link to handle the large number of user beams.An affordable site diversity system based on several optical ground stations and an optical fiber network is considered to overcome cloud blockage of the feeder link.These OGS networks are optimized for reaching at least 99.9% feeder link availability while minimizing the overall cost of the system.To achieve required high throughput on the feeder link, a trade-off has been carried out between two potential transmission scheme candidates, i.e. analog and digital optical modulations.The study has shown that both options could be feasible in the 2025-2030 time frame (assuming significant technical /technological developments), and that link budget could be closed by using the relevant atmospheric perturbation mitigation methods implemented in the optical ground station or in the on-board terminal.An end-to-end performance analysis has been carried out considering 150 user beams per satellite operating in Ka band and assuming a DVB-S2 improved air interface performances, proving that both satellite jointly obtain a total aggregated throughput beyond 1Tbps.This work has been carried out in the frame of EU FP7 BATS project, aimed at integrate broadband access across the EU for 2020 and beyond.
DL-1-(1-Arylalkyl)imidazole-5-carboxylate Esters. A Novel Type of Hypnotic Agents (1965)

A no. of 1-substituted imidazole-5-carboxylic acid esters (I) have been synthesized. Many of these are extremely potent, rapid, and short-acting hypnotic agents in rats.
Regulation of synoviocyte phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase 2 by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (2001)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine with known actions in macrophage and T cell activation. MIF also has the unique capacity to reverse the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on these cells. We have recently demonstrated MIF expression in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium and cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), as well as the ability of FLS-derived MIF to induce monocyte release of tumor necrosis factor alpha. We investigated the effects of MIF on aspects of RA FLS activation, including the induction of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase (COX).PLA2 activity was measured by 3H-arachidonic acid released from treated FLS supernatants. COX activity was measured by prostaglandin E2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) and COX-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) were determined using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.Constitutive PLA2 activity was detected in RA FLS. Recombinant human MIF up-regulated PLA2 activity (P < 0.01) and cPLA2 mRNA expression, but had no effect on secretory PLA2. Recombinant human MIF up-regulated COX activity (P < 0.05) and COX-2 mRNA, but had no observable effect on COX-1. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) significantly up-regulated PLA2 activity (P < 0.005) and cPLA2 mRNA expression while anti-MIF monoclonal antibody (mAb) significantly inhibited this IL-1beta-induced PLA2 activity (P < 0.02). Anti-MIF mAb significantly reduced IL-1beta-induced COX activity (P < 0.05) and COX-2 mRNA expression.MIF exerts a proinflammatory effect on key aspects of RA FLS activation. That anti-MIF mAb inhibited IL-1beta up-regulation of FLS indicates an additional cofactor role for MIF in IL-1beta-induced FLS activation. These data suggest that MIF antagonism has important therapeutic potential in RA.
NoDoSE—a tool for semi-automatically extracting structured and semistructured data from text documents (1998)

Often interesting structured or semistructured data is not in database systems but in HTML pages, text files, or on paper. The data in these formats is not usable by standard query processing engines and hence users need a way of extracting data from these sources into a DBMS or of writing wrappers around the sources. This paper describes NoDoSE, the Northwestern Document Structure Extractor, which is an interactive tool for semi-automatically determining the structure of such documents and then extracting their data. Using a GUI, the user hierarchically decomposes the file, outlining its interesting regions and then describing their semantics. This task is expedited by a mining component that attempts to infer the grammar of the file from the information the user has input so far. Once the format of a document has been determined, its data can be extracted into a number of useful forms. This paper describes both the NoDoSE architecture, which can be used as a test bed for structure mining algorithms in general, and the mining algorithms that have been developed by the author. The prototype, which is written in Java, is described and experiences parsing a variety of documents are reported.