gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robot multi-sensor fusion and integration: optimum estimation of fused sensor data (2003)

The authors address the problem of robot multisensor fusion and integration with special emphasis on optimal estimation of fused sensor data. The investigation is based on a Unimation PUMA 560 robot and various external sensors. These include overhead vision, eye-in-hand vision, proximity, tactile array, position, force/torque, crossfire, overload, and slip sensing devices. The efficient fusion of data from different sources will enable the machine to respond promptly in dealing with the real world. Towards this goal, the general paradigm of a sensor data fusion system has been developed, and some simulation results as well as results from the actual implementation of certain concepts of sensor data fusion have been demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SCEPTRANS: an online tool for analyzing periodic transcription in yeast (2007)

Available online at http://sceptrans.org/
Dimethyl fumarate for multiple sclerosis (2010)

BG-12 is a promising emerging treatment for relapsing-remitting MS, combining anti-inflammatory and possibly clinically relevant neuroprotective effects with the convenience of oral administration. However, the future role of BG-12 in treatment of MS will have to be determined after the completion of ongoing Phase III studies.
Non-reciprocal light storage in a silica microsphere (2015)

We report an experimental study of Brillouin-scattering-induced transparency (BSIT) in a silica microsphere. Because of the phase-matching requirement, the non-reciprocal light storage based on the BSIT is observed in our experiment.
Perylenediimides as non-fullerene acceptors in bulk-heterojunction solar cells (BHJSCs) (2016)

Perylenediimides are ideal candidates for the substitution of fullerene derivatives as electron acceptors in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells due to their extremely intense light absorbance, high electron mobility and excellent photochemical stability.
Release of monoclonal antibody-defined antigens by human colorectal carcinoma and melanoma cells. (1981)

Many but not all of the cell surface antigens studied were released into tissue culture medium of human colorectal carcinoma and melanoma cells maintained in vitro. Two groups of monoclonal antibody-defined antigens are described. One group is composed of molecules that are released easily and in large quantitites into the tissue culture milieu. In this group, four glycolipid antigens of colon carcinoma, including a monosialoganglioside, and five glycoproteins of melanoma were detected in tissue culture supernatants. Antigens of the second group could not be detected in tissue culture supernatants. This group included one colorectal carcinoma antigen, the nature of which is unknown, and a glycoprotein of melanoma cells.
Differential regulation of glucose transporter activity and expression in red and white skeletal muscle (1991)

Insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity and GLUT4 glucose transporter protein expression in rat soleus, red-enriched, and white-enriched skeletal muscle were examined in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced insulin-deficient diabetes. Six days of STZ-diabetes resulted in a nearly complete inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity in perfused soleus, red, and white muscle which recovered following insulin therapy. A specific decrease in the GLUT4 glucose transporter protein was observed in soleus (3-fold) and red (2-fold) muscle which also recovered to control values with insulin therapy. Similarly, cardiac muscle displayed a marked STZ-induced decrease in GLUT4 protein that was normalized by insulin therapy. White muscle displayed a small but statistically significant decrease in GLUT4 protein (23%), but this could not account for the marked inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity observed in this tissue. In addition, GLUT4 mRNA was found to decrease in red muscle (2-fold) with no significant alteration in white muscle. The effect of STZ-induced diabetes was time-dependent with maximal inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity at 24 h in both red and white skeletal muscle and half-maximal inhibition at approximately 8 h. In contrast, GLUT4 protein in red and white muscle remained unchanged until 4 and 7 days following STZ treatment, respectively. These data demonstrate that red skeletal muscle displays a more rapid hormonal/metabolic-dependent regulation of GLUT4 glucose transporter protein and mRNA expression than white skeletal muscle. In addition, the inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity in both red and white muscle precedes the decrease in GLUT4 protein and mRNA levels. Thus, STZ treatment initially results in a rapid uncoupling of the insulin-mediated signaling of glucose transport activity which is independent of GLUT4 protein and mRNA levels.
Root caries in vitro after low fluence argon laser and fluoride treatment. (1997)

Because the numbers of dentate elderly are increasing, root caries prevention has become a great concern to the dental profession. This in vitro study evaluates the influence of combining low fluence argon laser treatment and acidulated phosphate fluoride treatment on caries initiation and progression in human root surfaces. The combination of low energy laser treatment and fluoride treatment increased the caries resistance of root surfaces when compared with no treatment and with laser irradiation treatment alone.
31 Yeast GCN4 Transcriptional Activator Protein (1992)

OVERVIEW Yeast cells respond to conditions of amino acid starvation by synthesizing GCN4, a protein that binds to the promoters of many amino acid biosynthetic genes and coordinately activates their transcription. GCN4 belongs to the AP-1 transcription factor family, which is highly conserved throughout the eukaryotic kingdom and includes the Jun and Fos oncoproteins. In this review, I discuss the following topics: the GCN4 recognition sequence and its relationship to ATF/CREB sites; the leucine zipper and basic region subdomains that respectively mediate dimerization and specific DNA-binding; the acidic transcriptional activation domain; evidence for functional interactions between GCN4 and TFIID; GCN4 activation in the absence of a TATA element; and potential mechanisms for synergistic activation. INTRODUCTION Yeast cells respond to starvation for any single amino acid by coordinately activating at least 40 genes from a wide variety of amino acid biosynthetic pathways (for review, see Hinnebusch 1988). This coordinate induction is mediated by GCN4, a protein that binds specifically to the promoters of the amino acid biosynthetic genes (Hope and Struhl 1985; Arndt and Fink 1986). GCN4 is synthesized only when cells are starved for amino acids, thus explaining why the amino acid biosynthetic genes are transcriptionally induced during starvation conditions (Fig. 1) (Hinnebusch 1984; Thireos et al. 1984). Moreover, the response to starvation is unlikely to involve a regulated modification of GCN4 or interaction with a coregulatory molecule, because GCN4 is a fully functional transcription factor when artificially expressed under normal growth conditions. The general control of amino acid biosynthetic...
Targeted Secretion Inhibitors—Innovative Protein Therapeutics (2010)

Botulinum neurotoxins are highly effective therapeutic products. Their therapeutic success results from highly specific and potent inhibition of neurotransmitter release with a duration of action measured in months. These same properties, however, make the botulinum neurotoxins the most potent acute lethal toxins known. Their toxicity and restricted target cell activity severely limits their clinical utility. Understanding the structure-function relationship of the neurotoxins has enabled the development of recombinant proteins selectively incorporating specific aspects of their pharmacology. The resulting proteins are not neurotoxins, but a new class of biopharmaceuticals, Targeted Secretion Inhibitors (TSI), suitable for the treatment of a wide range of diseases where secretion plays a major role. TSI proteins inhibit secretion for a prolonged period following a single application, making them particularly suited to the treatment of chronic diseases. A TSI for the treatment of chronic pain is in clinical development.
Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE)-Receptor for AGE (RAGE) Signaling and Up-regulation of Egr-1 in Hypoxic Macrophages (2010)

Receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE)-dependent signaling has been implicated in ischemia/reperfusion injury in the heart, lung, liver, and brain. Because macrophages contribute to vascular perturbation and tissue injury in hypoxic settings, we tested the hypothesis that RAGE regulates early growth response-1 (Egr-1) expression in hypoxia-exposed macrophages. Molecular analysis, including silencing of RAGE, or blockade of RAGE with sRAGE (the extracellular ligand-binding domain of RAGE), anti-RAGE IgG, or anti-AGE IgG in THP-1 cells, and genetic deletion of RAGE in peritoneal macrophages, revealed that hypoxia-induced up-regulation of Egr-1 is mediated by RAGE signaling. In addition, the observation of increased cellular release of RAGE ligand AGEs in hypoxic THP-1 cells suggests that recruitment of RAGE in hypoxia is stimulated by rapid production of RAGE ligands in this setting. Finally, we show that mDia-1, previously shown to interact with the RAGE cytoplasmic domain, is essential for hypoxia-stimulated regulation of Egr-1, at least in part through protein kinase C betaII, ERK1/2, and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase signaling triggered by RAGE ligands. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism by which an extracellular signal initiated by RAGE ligand AGEs regulates Egr-1 in a manner requiring mDia-1.
Cotinine: Beyond that Expected, More than a Biomarker of Tobacco Consumption (2012)

A greater incidence of tobacco consumption occurs among individuals with psychiatric conditions including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia, compared with the general population. Even when still controversial, it has been postulated that smoking is a form of self-medication that reduces psychiatric symptoms among individuals with these disorders. To better understand the component(s) of tobacco-inducing smoking behavior, greater attention has been directed toward nicotine. However, in recent years, new evidence has shown that cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, exhibits beneficial effects over psychiatric symptoms and may therefore promote smoking within this population. Some of the behavioral effects of cotinine compared to nicotine are discussed here. Cotinine, which accumulates in the body as a result of tobacco exposure, crosses the blood-brain barrier and has different pharmacological properties compared with nicotine. Cotinine has a longer plasma half-life than nicotine and showed no addictive or cardiovascular effects in humans. In addition, at the preclinical level, cotinine facilitated the extinction of fear memory and anxiety after fear conditioning, improved working memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in a monkey model of schizophrenia. Altogether, the new evidence suggests that the pharmacological and behavioral effects of cotinine may play a key role in promoting tobacco smoking in individuals that suffer from psychiatric conditions and represents a new potential therapeutic agent against psychiatric conditions such as AD and PTSD.
Applications of neuronal labeling techniques to the study of the peripheral auditory system (1985)

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) techniques have recently been applied to the study of the peripheral auditory system. These techniques make it possible to trace single, auditory-nerve fibers from their peripheral terminals on sensory cells to their central terminations within the cochlear nucleus. For the large, myelinated axons of type-I neurons contacting inner hair cells, HRP can be injected intracellularly through the same electrode used to record neural activity, allowing correlations to be made between structure and function on a single-cell basis. From these data, a cochlear frequency map has been constructed, and morphological correlates of differences in spontaneous discharge have been identified. For the small, unmyelinated axons of type-II neurons contacting outer hair cells, single-unit recordings have not yet been made; however, these neurons have been labeled by gross extracellular injections of HRP. Extracellular injections have also been used to study the peripheral terminations of single efferent neurons projecting to the outer hair cell region. The afferent fibers to the outer hair cell (OHC) region contact primarily OHCs from the third row, while efferent fibers primarily contact cells from the first row. Single efferent fibers innervate OHCs over a significantly larger cochlear length than single afferent fibers of either type. Possible functional interpretations of these morphological differences are discussed.
<title>Synthesis and properties of new chlorin and bacteriochlorin photosensitizers</title> (1996)

A series of novel sensitizers, which absorb in the range of 660 - 820 nm, derived from natural occurring chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll was synthesized. Biomass of blue-green algae Spirulina platensis was used to prepare chlorophyll a derivatives, and biomass of purple bacteria Rhodobacter capsulatus was applied for preparation of bacteriochlorophyll a. The influence of different substituents on spectral characteristics and the amphipility of the sensitizer was investigated. The route for the synthesis of porphyrin macrocycle with the spacer that bears the isothiocyanate group capable for binding with proteins was proposed. Photophysical properties of chlorin p<SUB>6</SUB>, purpurin 18 and their esters in different solvents are investigated. Accumulation of two chlorins in the model Erlich tumor was studied.
The state of ILL in the state of IL: the Illinois Interlibrary Loan Assessment Project (2001)

An 11-month survey of ILL activity in Illinois was conducted to study the borrowing and lending of journal articles within the state. OCLC “PILLR” (Prism Inter Library Loan Reports) management data were used to create a statewide database of ILL requests. The data were employed not only to answer questions about our statewide collection, but also to help pose and answer others questions. For example, what does it mean to have a statewide collection? What measurement tools can consortia employ to study, define, and evolve this statewide collection? What roles can resource sharing play in identifying gaps in the state’s collection? Is knowing what we don’t own (and need) as important as knowing what we own? How can libraries take advantage of the networked environment in conjunction with new measurement techniques to best serve the statewide clientele?The results of the study show that over 89,000 articles were borrowed for Illinois library users during the study period, and that most of these articles were located and borrowed within the state of Illinois. The study results also demonstrate the importance of multi-type libraries within a sharing consortium, as each library contributes to the research needs of a diverse population. In addition, 113 frequently requested titles not owned in Illinois were identified as cost-effective to own within the state based on out-of-state borrowing data and the cost/use ratio of the titles.
Unique σ-Bond Metathesis of Silylalkynes Promoted by an ansa-Dimethylsilyl and Oxo-Bridged Uranium Metallocene (2006)

The tetrachloride salt of uranium reacts with 1 equiv of the lithium ligand Li2[(C5Me4)2SiMe2] in DME to form the complex [eta5-(C5Me4)2SiMe2]UCl2.2LiCl.2DME (1), which undergoes a rapid hydrolysis in toluene to yield the dimeric bridged monochloride, monooxide complex [{[eta5-(C5Me4)2SiMe2]UCl}2(mu-O)(mu-Cl)*Li*1/2DME]2 (2). Metathesis of 2 with BuLi in DME gives the mono-bridged dibutyl complex {[eta5-(C5Me4)2SiMe2]UBu}2(mu-O) (3). Complex 2 was characterized by solid-state X-ray analysis. Complex 3 was found to be an active catalyst for the disproportionation metathesis of TMSCCH (TMS = SiMe3) and the cross-metathesis of TMSCCH or TMSCCTMS with various terminal alkynes. The metathesis of TMSCCH gives TMSCCTMS and HCCH, whereas the cross-metathesis of TMSCCH or TMSCCTMS with terminal alkynes (RCCH) yields TMSCCTMS, TMSCCR, and HCCH. In addition, TMSCCCH3 also was found to react with tBuCCH, yielding TMSCCBut and CH3CCH. A plausible mechanism for the catalytic process is presented.
A web-based kernel function for measuring the similarity of short text snippets (2006)

Determining the similarity of short text snippets, such as search queries, works poorly with traditional document similarity measures (e.g., cosine), since there are often few, if any, terms in common between two short text snippets. We address this problem by introducing a novel method for measuring the similarity between short text snippets (even those without any overlapping terms) by leveraging web search results to provide greater context for the short texts. In this paper, we define such a similarity kernel function, mathematically analyze some of its properties, and provide examples of its efficacy. We also show the use of this kernel function in a large-scale system for suggesting related queries to search engine users.
InfoGAN: Interpretable Representation Learning by Information Maximizing Generative Adversarial Nets (2016)

This paper describes InfoGAN, an information-theoretic extension to the Generative Adversarial Network that is able to learn disentangled representations in a completely unsupervised manner. InfoGAN is a generative adversarial network that also maximizes the mutual information between a small subset of the latent variables and the observation. We derive a lower bound to the mutual information objective that can be optimized efficiently, and show that our training procedure can be interpreted as a variation of the Wake-Sleep algorithm. Specifically, InfoGAN successfully disentangles writing styles from digit shapes on the MNIST dataset, pose from lighting of 3D rendered images, and background digits from the central digit on the SVHN dataset. It also discovers visual concepts that include hair styles, presence/absence of eyeglasses, and emotions on the CelebA face dataset. Experiments show that InfoGAN learns interpretable representations that are competitive with representations learned by existing fully supervised methods.
Targeting Bladder Tumor Cells In vivo and in the Urine with a Peptide Identified by Phage Display (2007)

Bladder cancer is one of the most common tumors of the genitourinary tract. Here, we use phage display to identify a peptide that targets bladder tumor cells. A phage library containing random peptides was screened for binding to cells from human bladder tumor xenografts. Phage clones were further selected for binding to a bladder tumor cell line in culture. Six clones displaying the consensus sequence CXNXDXR(X)/(R)C showed selective binding to cells from primary human bladder cancer tissue. Of these, the CSNRDARRC sequence was selected for further study as a synthetic peptide. Fluorescein-conjugated CSNRDARRC peptide selectively bound to frozen sections of human bladder tumor tissue, whereas only negligible binding to normal bladder tissue was observed. When the fluorescent peptide was introduced into the bladder lumen, in a carcinogen-induced rat tumor model, it selectively bound to tumor epithelium. Moreover, when the peptide was intravenously injected into the tail vein, it homed to the bladder tumor but was not detectable in normal bladder and control organs. Next, we examined whether the peptide can detect tumor cells in urine. The fluorescent peptide bound to cultured bladder tumor cells but not to other types of tumor cell lines. Moreover, it bound to urinary cells of patients with bladder cancer, while showing little binding to urinary cells of patients with inflammation or healthy individuals. The CSNRDARRC peptide may be useful as a targeting moiety for selective delivery of therapeutics and as a diagnostic probe for the detection of bladder cancer.
The prospects for neuroprotection in MS. (2003)

In the past, neuroprotective therapies were mostly explored in neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, and in ischaemic stroke. More recently, however, neuroprotection has been proclaimed an important goal for multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy. The basis for widening the scope of neuroprotection is evidence that neuronal and axonal injury are key features of MS lesions. In contrast with degenerative and ischaemic central nervous system injury, however, neurodegeneration in MS appears to be caused by an inflammatory, presumably autoimmune, process. The challenge for neuroprotection in MS is therefore greater than in degenerative and ischaemic disorders, because MS requires the combination of neuroprotective therapy and effective immunomodulation.
Impact of dynamic online fed‐batch strategies on metabolism, productivity and N‐glycosylation quality in CHO cell cultures (2004)

Abstract As we pursue the means to improve yields to meet growing therapy demands, it is important to examine the impact of process control on glycosylation patterns to ensure product efficacy and consistency. In this study, we describe a dynamic on‐line fed‐batch strategy based on low glutamine/glucose concentrations and its impact on cellular metabolism and, more importantly, the productivity and N‐glycosylation quality of a model recombinant glycoprotein, interferon gamma (IFN‐γ). We found that low glutamine fed‐batch strategy enabled up to 10‐fold improvement in IFN‐γ yields, which can be attributed to reduced specific productivity of ammonia and lactate. Furthermore, the low glutamine concentration (0.3 mM) used in this fed‐batch strategy could maintain both the N‐glycosylation macro‐ and microheterogeneity of IFN‐γ. However, very low glutamine (&lt;0.1 mM) or glucose (&lt;0.70 mM) concentrations can lead to decreased sialylation and increased presence of minor glycan species consisting of hybrid and high‐mannose types. This shows that glycan chain extension and sialylation can be affected by nutrient limitation. In addition to nutrient limitation, we also found that N‐glycosylation quality can be detrimentally affected by low culture viability. IFN‐γ purified at low culture viability had both lower sialylation as well as glycans of lower molecular masses, which can be attributed to extensive degradation by intracellular glycosidases released by cytolysis. Therefore, in order to maintain good N‐glycosylation quality, there is a need to consider both culture viability and nutrient control setpoint in a nutrient‐limiting fed‐batch culture strategy. A greater understanding of these major factors that affect N‐glycosylation quality would surely facilitate future development of effective process controls. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recognition of binding sites on Candida albicans by monoclonal antibodies to human leukocyte antigens (1990)

Candida albicans exhibits examples of human molecular mimicry, including receptors resembling human steroid receptors and human complement receptor (CR)-like receptors that bind the complement fragments C3d and iC3b. To further characterize the epitopes of the Candida human CR-like molecules, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against epitopes within the human CR3 was used. MAbs Mo1, M1/70HL, and 7C3 bound to the germ tube, as assessed by immunofluorescence. MAbs Leu15, 60.1, and 95G8 did not bind. Miscellaneous MAbs against other antigens on human leukocytes (B2, 3D9, and OKT4) did not bind. However, MY9, which recognizes a monocyte antigen, bound extensively to the germ tube. The binding of certain anti-CR3 MAbs suggested limited identity between the Candida CR3-like receptor and the human CR3. The binding of MY9 identified an antigen recognized by a MAb to a human cell antigen not previously known to exist on C. albicans.