gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffractive printing methods using volume holograms (1993)

A unique, proprietary, holographic printing technology has been demonstrated using DuPont OmniDex<SUP>TM</SUP> Holographic Recording Films which can incorporate multicolor, image individualization and anticounterfeiting functions into volume holograms. Starting with a monocolor volume hologram, we describe a process using simple existing photopatterning technologies to introduce imagewise selective colors into the monochrome hologram. In this process a latent image is recorded in our OmniDex<SUP>TM</SUP> Color Tuning Film. This latent image is transferred to a prerecorded hologram by lamination and developed by heating. Bright, multicolor holographic images were achieved with high resolution. The process flexibility and applications of this technology to graphic arts holography and security printing will be discussed.
Effective connectivity changes in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness in humans (2019)

Psychedelics exert unique effects on human consciousness. The thalamic filter model suggests that core effects of psychedelics may result from gating deficits, based on a disintegration of information processing within cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) feedback loops. To test this hypothesis, we characterized changes in directed (effective) connectivity between selected CTSC regions after acute administration of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and after pretreatment with Ketanserin (a selective serotonin 2A receptor antagonist) plus LSD in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in 25 healthy participants. We used spectral dynamic causal modeling (DCM) for resting-state fMRI data. Fully connected DCM models were specified for each treatment condition to investigate the connectivity between the following areas: thalamus, ventral striatum, posterior cingulate cortex, and temporal cortex. Our results confirm major predictions proposed in the CSTC model and provide evidence that LSD alters effective connectivity within CSTC pathways that have been implicated in the gating of sensory and sensorimotor information to the cortex. In particular, LSD increased effective connectivity from the thalamus to the posterior cingulate cortex in a way that depended on serotonin 2A receptor activation, and decreased effective connectivity from the ventral striatum to the thalamus independently of serotonin 2A receptor activation. Together, these results advance our mechanistic understanding of the action of psychedelics in health and disease. This is important for the development of new pharmacological therapeutics and also increases our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the potential clinical efficacy of psychedelics.
The Comparison of Information Systems Develop Trends between the Chinese Mainland and International (2006)

The aims of this research are two fold. First, it compares the research focus of Information Systems in Mainland China with that of the international IS research community. Second, the paper describes the main features and trend of IS research in Mainland China, and makes some suggestions as to some possible interesting research arena. The data are from twenty five academic journals in China and proceedings of international Information Systems conferences.
Functional and structural properties of immobilized subunits of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. (1980)

Alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli has been immobilized on Sepharose CL-4B using low levels of cyanogen bromide activation in order to favor the attachment of the dimer to the support through a single covalent linkage.The matrix-bound subunits obtained after dissociation of the immobilized dimer were shown to be catalytically inactive by three different criteria:1) The level of phosphatase activity in the matrix-bound subunit population ,was dependent on the extent of cyanogen bromide activation of the support.2) After cross-linking reversibly immobilized subunit preparations, sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of protein released from the Sepharose demonstrated the presence of sufficient amounts of dimeric structures to account for the phosphatase activity in these populations.3) The protein in the matrix-bound subunits was more susceptible to proteolytic digestion than that in the matrix-bound dimer, while the catalytic activity in both immobilized derivatives remained constant.These results indicate that the subunits of alkaline phosphatase are catalytically inactive, and that the low levels of phosphatase activity observed are due to the presence of trace amounts of contaminating dimers.Titration of matrix-bound '261-labeled subunits with soluble nascent '311-labeled subunits restored 60% of the original phosphatase activity.The isotope ratio of I3'Ito "%protein reached a final value of 1.06 and provided a very sensitive indication of the extent of dimerization throughout the titration.When the immobilized apodimer and apomonomer were titrated with ssZnz+, the matrix-bound monomer bound 0.9 eq of Zn2+ while the matrix-bound dimer bound 4.1 eq of Zn2+; the Zn2+ binding sites in both immobilized derivatives had dissociation constants of 2 X M or lower.The preparation and characterization of immobilized subunits of alkaline phosphatase under solvent conditions optimal for renaturation should provide a valuable approach for studying the role of subunit interactions in this enzyme.Moreover, the techniques used in this investigation are generally applicable for the characterization of other immobilized enzyme derivatives.Although many proteins form oligomeric structures, the importance of subunit interactions for enzymatic function, regulation, or conformational stability has not yet been established.The major reason for this difficulty is that the contributions of secondary and tertiary structures to the properties
Integrated Nanoplasmonic Sensing for Cellular Functional Immunoanalysis Using Human Blood (2014)

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) nanoplasmonic effects allow for label-free, real-time detection of biomolecule binding events on a nanostructured metallic surface with simple optics and sensing tunability. Despite numerous reports on LSPR bionanosensing in the past, no study thus far has applied the technique for a cytokine secretion assay using clinically relevant immune cells from human blood. Cytokine secretion assays, a technique to quantify intercellular-signaling proteins secreted by blood immune cells, allow determination of the functional response of the donor's immune cells, thus providing valuable information about the immune status of the donor. However, implementation of LSPR bionanosensing in cellular functional immunoanalysis based on a cytokine secretion assay poses major challenges primarily owing to its limited sensitivity and a lack of sufficient sample handling capability. In this paper, we have developed a label-free LSPR biosensing technique to detect cell-secreted tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α cytokines in clinical blood samples. Our approach integrates LSPR bionanosensors in an optofluidic platform that permits trapping and stimulation of target immune cells in a microfluidic chamber with optical access for subsequent cytokine detection. The on-chip spatial confinement of the cells is the key to rapidly increasing a cytokine concentration high enough for detection by the LSPR setup, thereby allowing the assay time and sample volume to be significantly reduced. We have successfully applied this approach first to THP-1 cells and then later to CD45 cells isolated directly from human blood. Our LSPR optofluidics device allows for detection of TNF-α secreted from cells as few as 1000, which translates into a nearly 100 times decrease in sample volume than conventional cytokine secretion assay techniques require. We achieved cellular functional immunoanalysis with a minimal blood sample volume (3 μL) and a total assay time 3 times shorter than that of the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Lubricant Induced Pre-Ignition in an Optical SI Engine (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This work was concerned with study of lubricant introduced directly into the combustion chamber and its effect on pre-ignition and combustion in an optically accessed single-cylinder spark ignition engine. The research engine had been designed to incorporate full bore overhead optical access capable of withstanding peak in-cylinder pressures of up to 150bar. An experiment was designed where a fully formulated synthetic lubricant was deliberately introduced through a specially modified direct fuel injector to target the exhaust area of the bore. Optical imaging was performed via natural light emission, with the events recorded at 6000 frames per second. Two port injected fuels were evaluated including a baseline commercial grade gasoline and low octane gasoline/n-heptane blend. The images revealed the location of deflagration sites consistently initiating from the lubricant itself. With the high octane fuel (and the limited load adopted for safe optical work) lubricant induced pre-ignition was observed, but without knock. This pre-ignition was repeatedly the result of the lubricant deliberately introduced earlier on in the same cycle. With the lower octane fuel, the previously well reported “on-off” knocking nature of pre-ignited knocking combustion was observed during a sequence of cycles following a single injection of lubricant. In addition it was sometimes apparent that cycles with knock would result in oil subsequently being ejected from the piston top land area during the power stroke.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Anterior-Posterior Guidance of Commissural Axons by Wnt-Frizzled Signaling (2003)

Commissural neurons in the mammalian dorsal spinal cord send axons ventrally toward the floor plate, where they cross the midline and turn anteriorly toward the brain; a gradient of chemoattractant(s) inside the spinal cord controls this turning. In rodents, several Wnt proteins stimulate the extension of commissural axons after midline crossing (postcrossing). We found that Wnt4 messenger RNA is expressed in a decreasing anterior-to-posterior gradient in the floor plate, and that a directed source of Wnt4 protein attracted postcrossing commissural axons. Commissural axons in mice lacking the Wnt receptor Frizzled3 displayed anterior-posterior guidance defects after midline crossing. Thus, Wnt-Frizzled signaling guides commissural axons along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.
Pack & Cap (2011)

The ability to cap peak power consumption is a desirable feature in modern data centers for energy budgeting, cost management, and efficient power delivery. Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a traditional control knob in the tradeoff between server power and performance. Multi-core processors and the parallel applications that take advantage of them introduce new possibilities for control, wherein workload threads are packed onto a variable number of cores and idle cores enter low-power sleep states. This paper proposes Pack & Cap, a control technique designed to make optimal DVFS and thread packing control decisions in order to maximize performance within a power budget. In order to capture the workload dependence of the performance-power Pareto frontier, a multinomial logistic regression (MLR) classifier is built using a large volume of performance counter, temperature, and power characterization data. When queried during runtime, the classifier is capable of accurately selecting the optimal operating point. We implement and validate this method on a real quad-core system running the PARSEC parallel benchmark suite. When varying the power budget during runtime, Pack & Cap meets power constraints 82% of the time even in the absence of a power measuring device. The addition of thread packing to DVFS as a control knob increases the range of feasible power constraints by an average of 21% when compared to DVFS alone and reduces workload energy consumption by an average of 51.6% compared to existing control techniques that achieve the same power range.
On the existence of a generalized non-specific task-dependent network (2015)

In this paper we suggest the existence of a generalized task-related cortical network that is up-regulated whenever the task to be performed requires the allocation of generalized non-specific cognitive resources, independent of the specifics of the task to be performed. We have labeled this general purpose network, the extrinsic mode network (EMN) as complementary to the default mode network (DMN), such that the EMN is down-regulated during periods of task-absence, when the DMN is up-regulated, and vice versa. We conceptualize the EMN as a cortical network for extrinsic neuronal activity, similar to the DMN as being a cortical network for intrinsic neuronal activity. The EMN has essentially a fronto-temporo-parietal spatial distribution, including the inferior and middle frontal gyri, inferior parietal lobule, supplementary motor area, inferior temporal gyrus. We hypothesize that this network is always active regardless of the cognitive task being performed. We further suggest that failure of network up- and down-regulation dynamics may provide neuronal underpinnings for cognitive impairments seen in many mental disorders, such as, e.g., schizophrenia. We start by describing a common observation in functional imaging, the close overlap in fronto-parietal activations in healthy individuals to tasks that denote very different cognitive processes. We now suggest that this is because the brain utilizes the EMN network as a generalized response to tasks that exceeds a cognitive demand threshold and/or requires the processing of novel information. We further discuss how the EMN is related to the DMN, and how a network for extrinsic activity is related to a network for intrinsic activity. Finally, we discuss whether the EMN and DMN networks interact in a common single brain system, rather than being two separate and independent brain systems.
Covalent enzyme coupling on cellulose acetate membranes for glucose sensor development (1988)

International audience
Computing with Novel Floating-Gate Devices (2010)

The authors report on the design, operation, and architectural implications of single and double floating-gate devices for non-traditional applications enabling low-power FPGAs and analog-to-digital converters, and propose a unified nonvolatile/volatile memory device.
Cascading pericyclic reactions: building complex carbon frameworks for natural product synthesis (2007)

Tandem reactions have emerged as powerful strategies to synthesize complex structures, in particular, processes involving pericyclic reactions. This article describes recent advancement by our group in the development of novel tandem pericyclic reactions aimed at constructing diterpene frameworks.
Upgrading color-difference formulas (2010)

We propose a method to improve the prediction performance of existing color-difference formulas with additional visual data. The formula is treated as the mean function of a Gaussian process, which is trained with experimentally determined color-discrimination data. Color-difference predictions are calculated using Gaussian process regression (GPR) considering the uncertainty of the visual data. The prediction accuracy of the CIE94 formula is significantly improved with the GPR approach for the Leeds and the Witt datasets. By upgrading CIE94 with GPR we achieve a significantly lower STRESS value of 26.58 compared with that for CIEDE2000 (27.49) on a combined dataset. The method could serve to improve the prediction performance of existing color-difference equations around particular color centers without changing the equations themselves.
Transforming Lepidopteran Insect Cells for Improved Protein Processing (2007)

The lepidopteran insect cells used with the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) are capable of synthesizing and accurately processing foreign proteins. However, proteins expressed in baculovirus-infected cells often fail to be completely processed, or are not processed in a manner that meets a researcher's needs. This chapter discusses a metabolic engineering approach that addresses this problem. Basically, this approach involves the addition of new or enhancement of existing protein processing functions in established lepidopteran insect cell lines. Methods for engineering these cell lines and assessing their properties as improved hosts for the BEVS are detailed. Examples of lepidopteran insect cell lines engineered for improved protein N-glycosylation and trafficking are described.
The in vitro effect of a calf thymus extract on the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with warts (1980)

T and B lymphocyte populations were evaluated in forty-one patients with multiple recurring warts. Active rosettes (T-Ea) and total T lymphocytes (T-Et) were significantly decreased. The in vitro effect of a calf thymus extract (TP-I) on peripheral blood lymphocytes was evaluated in thirty-three patients. A statistically significant increase in E-rosette forming cells was observed in twenty-three patients (69%). Serum blocking factors were not found in the patients with a positive response to TP-I, which suggests the possibility of a thymic hormone deficiency. In the case of non-responders to TP-I, on the other hand, an anti-lymphocyte antibody capable of directly blocking the hormone receptors on the undifferentiated lymphocytes may be postulated.
High-Throughput Detection of Unknown Mutations by Using Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis with Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Solution (2000)

Single-nucleotide polymorphism detection has been the focus of much attention recently. Although many methods have been reported, low-cost, high-throughput, and high-detection-rate methods are still in demand. We present a fast and reliable mutation detection scheme based on temperature-gradient capillary electrophoresis. A large temperature gradient (10 degrees C) was applied with a precision of 0.02 degrees C and a temperature ramp of 0.7 degrees C/min. Multiple unlabeled samples from PCR were injected and analyzed. Ethidium bromide was used as the intercalating dye for laser-induced fluorescence detection. Mutations can be recognized by comparing the electrophoretic patterns of the heteroduplex with that of a homoduplex reference without prior knowledge of the exact type of mutation present. Mutations in all five test samples were successfully detected with high confidence. This scheme is demonstrated in 96-capillary array electrophoresis for screening single-point polymorphism in large numbers of samples prior to full sequencing of only the positive samples to identify the nature of the mutation.
Bmp signaling regulates a dose-dependent transcriptional program to control facial skeletal development (2012)

We performed an in depth analysis of Bmp4, a critical regulator of development, disease, and evolution, in cranial neural crest (CNC). Conditional Bmp4 overexpression, using a tetracycline-regulated Bmp4 gain-of-function allele, resulted in facial skeletal changes that were most dramatic after an E10.5 Bmp4 induction. Expression profiling uncovered a signature of Bmp4-induced genes (BIG) composed predominantly of transcriptional regulators that control self-renewal, osteoblast differentiation and negative Bmp autoregulation. The complimentary experiment, CNC inactivation of Bmp2, Bmp4 and Bmp7, resulted in complete or partial loss of multiple CNC-derived skeletal elements, revealing a crucial requirement for Bmp signaling in membranous bone and cartilage development. Importantly, the BIG signature was reduced in Bmp loss-of-function mutants, indicating Bmp-regulated target genes are modulated by Bmp dose. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed a subset of the BIG signature, including Satb2, Smad6, Hand1, Gadd45γ and Gata3, that was bound by Smad1/5 in the developing mandible, revealing direct Smad-mediated regulation. These data support the hypothesis that Bmp signaling regulates craniofacial skeletal development by balancing self-renewal and differentiation pathways in CNC progenitors.
An efficient regioselective synthesis of substituted purine analogues of guanosine and inosine (1989)

Condensation of 2-bromo-6-(4-nitrophenylethoxy)purine as the trimethylsilyl derivative (5a) with 1,2,3,5-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranose, 1-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-benzoyl-5-diethoxy-phosphinyl-β-D-ribofuranose, and (2-acetoxythoxy)methyl bromide resulted in N9-regioselective alkylation to give (6a–c), which were then converted to guanine and hypoxanthine nucleosides, nucleotides, and Acyclovir analogues, respectively.
N-d-Gluco-N-methylalkanamide compounds, a new class of non-ionic detergents for membrane biochemistry (1982)

N-d-Gluco-N-methylalkanamide detergents have been synthesized. The detergents, which were produced in high yield and at low cost, compared favourably in biochemical studies with commonly used non-ionic detergents, including a chemically related n-alkyl glucoside. The ease of removal by dialysis, high solubilizing power and non-denaturing properties of this new class of detergents make them valuable reagents for membrane research.
Conditional gene ablation of Stat3 reveals differential signaling requirements for survival of motoneurons during development and after nerve injury in the adult (2002)

Members of the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)/leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)/cardiotrophin gene family are potent survival factors for embryonic and lesioned motoneurons. These factors act via receptor complexes involving gp130 and LIFR-beta and ligand binding leads to activation of various signaling pathways, including phosphorylation of Stat3. The role of Stat3 in neuronal survival was investigated in mice by Cre-mediated gene ablation in motoneurons. Cre is expressed under the neurofilament light chain (NF-L) promoter, starting around E12 when these neurons become dependent on neurotrophic support. Loss of motoneurons during the embryonic period of naturally occurring cell death is not enhanced in NF-L-Cre; Stat3(flox/KO) mice although motoneurons isolated from these mice need higher concentrations of CNTF for maximal survival in culture. In contrast, motoneuron survival is significantly reduced after facial nerve lesion in the adult. These neurons, however, can be rescued by the addition of neurotrophic factors, including CNTF. Stat3 is essential for upregulation of Reg-2 and Bcl-xl expression in lesioned motoneurons. Our data show that Stat3 activation plays an essential role for motoneuron survival after nerve lesion in postnatal life but not during embryonic development, indicating that signaling requirements for motoneuron survival change during maturation.
Apoptosis of mortal human fibroblasts transformed by the bovine papillomavirus E5 oncoprotein. (2002)

Mortal human fibroblasts can be partially transformed by the bovine papillomavirus E5 oncoprotein through activation of the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor. Here, we report that these cells undergo massive apoptosis 2 weeks after confluence. Although activation of caspase 3 was observed in the apoptotic cells, it was not required for apoptosis. The appearance of the mitochondrial proteins cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor in cytosolic and nuclear compartments, respectively, provided a basis for mitochondrial dysfunction and a caspase-independent mechanism of apoptosis in these cells. Although an activating conformational change in Bax also was evident in the apoptotic cells, enforced overexpression of Bcl-2 was insufficient to prevent apoptosis. Finally, a small peptide present in the conditioned medium from dying transformed cells appeared responsible for inducing apoptosis through affecting a conformational change in Bax and eventual relocalization of apoptosis-inducing factor to the nucleus. Thus, an atypical apoptotic pathway is activated in mortal human fibroblasts in response to transformation induced by sustained receptor tyrosine kinase activation.