gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Effect of Radio-Frequency Waves on Biological Macromolecules (1966)

The effect of radio-frequency electric fields on various biologic materials was examined. Particularly, the effects on alcohol dehydrogenase and DNA were carefully investigated. To avoid the effects of heating, a pulsed electric field was used, and samples were also rigorously cooled. The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and the structure of DNA were not altered, however, even by the prolonged irradiation at high-field intensity between 1 and about 60 Mc/s.
Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router (2004)

We present Tor, a circuit-based low-latency anonymous communication service. This second-generation Onion Routing system addresses limitations in the original design by adding perfect forward secrecy, congestion control, directory servers, integrity checking, configurable exit policies, and a practical design for location-hidden services via rendezvous points. Tor works on the real-world Internet, requires no special privileges or kernel modifications, requires little synchronization or coordination between nodes, and provides a reasonable tradeoff between anonymity, usability, and efficiency. We briefly describe our experiences with an international network of more than 30 nodes. We close with a list of open problems in anonymous communication.
Genetically modified crops for biomass increase. Genes and strategies (2010)

Genetically modified crops (GMCs) have been developed to accelerate the creation of new varieties with improved characteristics such as disease resistance, stress tolerance and higher quality composition. However, agriculture, without minimizing its role in food, feed and fiber source, has become important for the energy matrix of many countries. GMCs are also attractive systems that could fulfill the requirements for these new necessities. An increase of crop yields in an environmental friendly system is a new goal for plant biology research in the twenty-first century. In particular, biomass yield improvement is needed to render the use of biofuels economically feasible. In this context, research directed toward increasing biomass production has attracted much attention and a considerable effort is being made to reach new goals. Nonetheless, in some cases differentiated strategies are needed, as biomass improvement requires approaches other than those employed with traditional crops. This review summarizes the various approaches applied so far to modulate plant growth applying molecular biology-based strategies and increase biomass production, and it highlights several outstanding issues about the developmental constraints that must be addressed.
GLUT1 activity contributes to the impairment of PEDF secretion by the RPE. (2016)

Collectively, our data show that expression of GLUT1 is stimulated by hyperglycemia and low oxygen supply, and this overexpression was associated with increased activity of GLUT1 in the cell membrane that contributes to the impairment of the RPE secretory function of PEDF.
Matrix Algebra from a Statistician's Perspective (1998)

Preface. - Matrices. - Submatrices and partitioned matricies. - Linear dependence and independence. - Linear spaces: row and column spaces. - Trace of a (square) matrix. - Geometrical considerations. - Linear systems: consistency and compatability. - Inverse matrices. - Generalized inverses. - Indepotent matrices. - Linear systems: solutions. - Projections and projection matrices. - Determinants. - Linear, bilinear, and quadratic forms. - Matrix differentiation. - Kronecker products and the vec and vech operators. - Intersections and sums of subspaces. - Sums (and differences) of matrices. - Minimzation of a second-degree polynomial (in n variables) subject to linear constraints. - The Moore-Penrose inverse. - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. - Linear transformations. - References. - Index.
Abnormal Pressor Response to Vasopressin in Patients With Cirrhosis: Evidence for Impaired Buffering Mechanisms (1990)

In patients with cirrhosis, vasopressin infusion induces sustained vasoconstriction and elevation of arterial pressure. The vasopressor effect could be caused by impairment of mechanisms normally aimed at buffering increases in arterial pressure (reflex bradycardia and decreases in arteriolar resistance). We studied the acute effects of continuous vasopressin infusion (0.4 IU/min) on systemic hemodynamics in seven patients with cirrhosis and in six patients without cirrhosis (controls). Vasopressin effects on systemic O2 consumption were also studied. In both groups, vasopressin infusion induced similar peak increases in arterial pressure, followed by similar decreases in heart rate and cardiac output. However, cirrhotic patients and controls differed 30 min after the start of vasopressin infusion. At 30 min, mean arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance remained significantly higher than preinfusion values in patients with cirrhosis. No decrease in systemic O2 consumption occurred in cirrhotic patients. In controls, at 30 min, mean arterial pressure and diastolic arterial pressure had returned to baseline. Systemic vascular resistance was not significantly higher than the preinfusion value and systemic O2 consumption had significantly decreased to below preinfusion values. We conclude that the vasopressor effect of vasopressin is abnormally sustained in patients with cirrhosis. This might be caused by insufficient buffering of vasopressin-induced arteriolar constriction rather than by abnormal vagal control of heart rate. In turn, as suggested by the lack of a decrease in systemic O2 consumption, persistent arteriolar constriction might be related to abnormally sustained sympathetic vascular tone in patients with cirrhosis.
Regional and Selective Effects of Oestradiol and Progesterone on NMDA and AMPA Receptors in the Rat Brain (2000)

We investigated the effect of 10 months ovariectomy and a correction therapy, 2 weeks before the rats were killed, of oestradiol, progesterone or their combination on NMDA and AMPA receptor binding in the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, striatum, nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex of the rat brain as well as on amino acid levels in frontal cortex. NMDA and AMPA binding densities were assayed by autoradiography using, respectively, L-[3H]glutamate and [3H]AMPA; amino acid concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatograhy (HPLC) coupled with UV detection. Ovariectomy was without effect on NMDA and AMPA binding density in all brain regions assayed except in the hippocampal CA1 region and dentate gyrus where it decreased NMDA binding density compared to intact rats values. Oestradiol restored and increased NMDA binding density in the CA1 subfield and the dentate gyrus of ovariectomized rats but, by contrast, it decreased binding density in the striatum and in the frontal cortex while having no effect in the CA2/3 subfield of the hippocampus and in the nucleus accumbens. Oestradiol was without effect on AMPA binding density in the hippocampus and the dentate gyrus but it reduced AMPA binding density in the striatum, the frontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens. Progesterone, and oestradiol combined with progesterone, decreased NMDA but not AMPA binding density in the frontal cortex of ovariectomized rats, and they were without effect on these receptors in the other brain regions assayed. Amino acid concentrations in the frontal cortex were unchanged after ovariectomy or steroid treatments. The effect of oestradiol in the hippocampus confirmed in the present study and our novel findings in the frontal cortex, striatum and nucleus accumbens may have functional significance for schizophrenia and neurodegenerative diseases.
The Use of Bilateral Sacral Nerve Stimulation in Patients With Loss of Unilateral Treatment Efficacy (2011)

In this pilot study only a select group of patients appeared to benefit from bilateral stimulation after unilateral therapy failure. Further investigation is needed to determine the predictive factors and cost-effectiveness of this treatment.
Mortalin: a potential candidate for biotechnology and biomedicine. (2002)

Mortalin is a novel member of the hsp70 family of proteins that exhibits a different staining pattern in normal and immortal cells. It was also cloned as glucose regulated protein, GRP75 and peptidebinding protein, PBP74. It has been assigned multiple functions ranging from stress response, intracellular trafficking, antigen processing, control of cell proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis. The present article compiles and reviews information on multiple sites and functions of mortalin. In view of its upregulation in many tumors and transcriptional inactivation function of p53, its potential use in biotechnology and biomedicine is discussed.
APPSW Transgenic Mice Develop Age-related Aβ Deposits and Neuropil Abnormalities, but no Neuronal Loss in CA1 (1997)

The recent availability of transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer disease has allowed direct in vivo assessment of the molecular and neuropathological effects of cerebral amyloid deposition. We examined 16-month-old Tg(HuAPP695. K670N-M671L)2576 mice expressing human APP K670N-M671L (APPSw), which have amyloid deposition and behavioral deficits by 11 months of age. Transgene expression is predominantly neuronal, and results in amyloid deposits, comparable to human senile plaques, at terminal zones of transgene positive neurons in cortical and limbic regions. Amyloid deposits were associated with prominent gliosis and neuritic dystrophy, without neuronal loss in CA1, loss of synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, or loss of messenger RNA for neuronal synaptic, cytoskeletal, or metabolic proteins. We conclude that A beta is not acutely neurotoxic, but can disrupt neuronal processes and provoke an inflammatory response.
Identification of peroxisomal proteins by using M13 phage protein VI phage display: molecular evidence that mammalian peroxisomes contain a 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (1999)

To elucidate unknown mammalian peroxisomal enzymes and functions, we subjected M13 phage expressing fusions between the gene encoding protein VI and a rat liver cDNA library to an immunoaffinity selection process in vitro (biopanning) with the use of antibodies raised against peroxisomal subfractions. In an initial series of biopanning experiments, four different cDNA clones were obtained. These cDNA species encoded two previously identified peroxisomal enzymes, catalase and urate oxidase, and two novel proteins that contained a C-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1). A primary structure analysis of these novel proteins revealed that one, ending in the tripeptide AKL, is homologous to the yeast peroxisomal 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.3.1.34; DCR), an enzyme required for the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids, and that the other, ending in the tripeptide SRL, is a putative member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family, with three isoforms. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions encoding GFP-DCR-AKL, GFP-DCR, GFP-SDR-SRL and GFP-SDR were expressed in mammalian cells. The analysis of the subcellular location of the recombinant fusion proteins confirmed the peroxisomal localization of GFP-DCR-AKL and GFP-SDR-SRL, as well as the functionality of the PTS1. That the AKL protein is indeed an NADPH-dependent DCR was demonstrated by showing DCR activity of the bacterially expressed protein. These results demonstrate at the molecular level that mammalian peroxisomes do indeed contain a DCR. In addition, the results presented here indicate that the protein VI display system is suitable for the isolation of rare cDNA clones from cDNA libraries and that this technology facilitates the identification of novel peroxisomal proteins.
Exploiting spatio-temporal information for view recognition in cardiac echo videos (2008)

2D Echocardiography is an important diagnostic aid for morphological and functional assessment of the heart. The transducer position is varied during an echo exam to elicit important information about the heart function and its anatomy. The knowledge of the transducer viewpoint is important in automatic cardiac echo interpretation to understand the regions being depicted as well as in the quantification of their attributes. In this paper, we address the problem of inferring the transducer viewpoint from the spatio-temporal information in cardiac echo videos. Unlike previous approaches, we exploit motion of the heart within a cardiac cycle in addition to spatial information to discriminate between viewpoints. Specifically, we use an active shape model (ASM) to model shape and texture information in an echo frame. The motion information derived by tracking ASMs through a heart cycle is then projected into the eigen-motion feature space of the viewpoint class for matching. We report comparison with a re-implementation of state-of-the-art view recognition methods in echos on a large database of patients with various cardiac diseases.
대종교 경전 형성 소사 (2019)

대종교 경전 특히 초기 경전은 타종교와 대비되는 “도통 계승의 산물”이라는 변별적 특성을 지니고 있다. 도통의 중심에는 백두산을 근거지로 활동한 백봉 교단이 존재했다. 대종교의 경전 형성도 백봉 교단의 경전 전수로 시작되었다. 이를 시작으로 뚜렷한 특징을 지니고 있는 단계들이 이어졌다.
‘경전 형성 1기’는 백봉 교단으로부터 전수(傳受)한 종리(倧理)·종사(倧史)·종례(倧禮)로 구성된 경서(經書)류가 집성된 시기였다. 이는 새로운 종교의 창시를 위한 손색없는 구조로서 대종교 경전 구조의 원형과 표준을 제시하는 것으로 평가할 수 있다.
‘경전 형성 2기’는 초기 경전을 바탕으로 대종교단이 교리를 심화 발전시킨 시기였다. 교리의 발전은 종리와 종사로 이원화되어 진행되었고, 주목할 종리 결과물은 1917년 서일이 주관하는 대종교동도본사 명의로 발간된 『사책합부』였다. 이를 통해 『신사기』가 최초로 소개되고 나철과 서일의 기념비적 교리서들이 세상에 모습을 드러냈다.
‘경전 형성 3기’에 해당하는 김교헌 기는 대종교 경전 형성기에서 가장 주목할 만한 사건인 경전 변조가 행해진 시기였다. 백봉의 전통과 권위 그리고 대종교 종리 형성의 가장 중요한 인물인 나철과 서일의 종교 철학이 응축된 결과인 『사책합부』가 김교헌 기의 조·교·치 삼신론으로 무장한 이론가들에 의해 상당한 정도로 변조가 행해졌다. 대종교 성립과 확립을 이룩한 인물들의 관점에서 보면, 이 사건으로 대종교는 종법(倧法)이 붕괴되고 나아가 폐문에 상당하는 처지에 놓이게 되었다. 이를 기점으로 대종교는 피상적 모습과 달리 교조가 변경되고, 새로운 신학 이론을 기반으로 한 새로운 종교가 시작되었다 해도 과언이 아니다.
김교헌에 이어 종권을 담당한 윤세복은 상당한 기간 동안 대종교의 대표 경전으로 유통되었던 『역해종경사부합편』을 간행하는 등 경전정비에 노력을 기울였던 것은 사실이다. 하지만 그도 김교헌 기에 변조된 경전 구조를 원형으로 회복할 수 있는 중요한 위치에 있었음에도 불구하고 이를 묵인함으로써 변조된 경전의 전승과 유통에 기여하는 부정적 역할을 수행했다.
다음에 이어진 ‘경전 형성 5기’는 무지와 몰지각이 낳은 주체가 상실된 시대였다. 이 시기에 한때 대종교에 몸담았던 이유립이 대종교와 교리 상 이론(異論)으로 대종교를 떠나 그가 창교(創敎)한 신흥종교인 태백교를 위해 변조한 경전이 대종교 경전으로 편입된 것이다. 이 사건으로 인해 환웅 시대를 고대의 기원으로 삼고 있는 『천부경』과 『성경팔리』를 변조한 『참전계경』이 대종교 경전에 편입되어 조화·교화·치화 삼경(三經)이 대종교 경전 구조로 고정되어 통용되었다.
Anin situtransgenic enzyme marker for the midgestation mouse embryo and the visualization of inner cell mass clones during early organogenesis (1989)

In order to study the deployment of cells during gastrulation and early organogenesis, it is necessary to have an in situ cell marker which can be used to follow cell fate. To create such a marker a transgenic mouse strain, designated Tg(Act-lac Z)-1, which carries 6 copies of the Escherichia coli lac Z gene under the control of the rat beta-actin promoter, was made by pronuclear injection of DNA. Staining early postimplantation hemizygous mouse conceptuses, during gastrulation and early organogenesis, for beta-galactosidase activity shows that lac Z expression is ubiquitous and constitutive in all epiblast derivatives of the 10th day conceptus. No activity is seen in trophectoderm and primitive endoderm derivatives. Postimplantation grafts of [3H]thymidine-labelled transgenic cells establish the cell autonomy of this transgenic marker. Preliminary observations on the distribution of inner cell mass (ICM) descendant clones, identified in situ in midgestation conceptuses, confirm the pluripotency of individual ICM cells. The implications regarding patterns of cell growth in nascent fetal primordia are discussed.
Production and Incorporation of 15N, 13C, 2H (1H-δ1 Methyl) Isoleucine into Proteins for Multidimensional NMR Studies (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTProduction and Incorporation of 15N, 13C, 2H (1H-δ1 Methyl) Isoleucine into Proteins for Multidimensional NMR StudiesKevin H. Gardner and Lewis E. KayView Author Information Protein Engineering Network Centres of Excellence and Departments of Medical Genetics and Microbiology Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 32, 7599–7600Publication Date (Web):August 13, 1997Publication History Received3 March 1997Revised27 May 1997Published online13 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9706514https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9706514rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2094Altmetric-Citations217LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Carbon,Peptides and proteins,Protein structure,Reaction mechanisms Get e-Alerts
Polycrystalline Si thin-film transistors fabricated at ≤800 °C: Effects of grain size and {110} fiber texture (1987)

The grain size and {110} fiber texture of low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposited polycrystalline Si films were first modified using the ‘‘seed selection through ion channeling’’ process. These films were self-implanted at 200 keV, at normal incidence, to various doses (5–20×1014 cm−2), and were subsequently recrystallized at 600 °C. The as-deposited film was characterized by the smallest grain size, 0.08 μm, among all films and a weak {110} texture. The film processed with a dose of 11×1014 cm−2 had an intermediate average grain size of 1.0 μm but was characterized by the strongest {110} texture among all films. The film processed with a dose of 20×1014 cm−2, on the other hand, was characterized by the largest average grain size of 2.0 μm among all films but had no crystallographic texture. Metal-oxide-semiconductor thin-film transistors were then fabricated on these three films to examine the effects of grain size and fiber texture on device performance. Both n- and p-channel transistors were fabricated, using a self-aligned process with a maximum processing temperature of 800 °C. For both types of transistors, the as-deposited film offered the worst device performance, exhibiting the highest threshold voltages (4 and −4 V, respectively) and the lowest channel mobilities (0.4 and 0.5 cm2/V s, respectively). The 11×1014 cm−2 film offered the best device performance, exhibiting the lowest threshold voltages (1.2 and −3.0 V, respectively) and the highest channel mobilities (42 and 34 cm2/V s, respectively). The 20×1014 cm−2 film, on the other hand, exhibited equal or slightly worse threshold voltages (1.6 and −3.0 V, respectively) and channel mobilities (35 and 24 cm2/V s, respectively, than the 11×1014 cm−2 film. These results demonstrate that both the grain size and grain orientation can be important factors in determining polycrystalline transistor performance. For grain sizes in the order of 1–2 μm, a stronger {110} texture can, in fact, lead to a better transistor material than a larger average grain size.
Reactions of α-Polyhalo Ketone Tosylhydrazones with Sulfide Ion and Primary Amines. Cyclization to 1,2,3-Thiadiazoles and 1,2,3-Triazoles (1986)

Abstract Trichloroacetaldehyde tosylhydrazone acts as an excellent precursor of diazodithioacetate which is generated by treatment of the hydrazone with sulfide ion. This spontaneously cyclizes it to 5-mercapto-1,2,3-thiadiazole. The precursor also gives a 5-amino-1,2,3-triazole on reaction with an amine. α,α-Dichloro ketone tosylhydrazones similarly cyclize to give 1,2,3-thiadiazoles and 1,2,3-triazoles.
Clinical Instrumentation (General Chemistry and Immunoassay Analyzers) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTClinical Instrumentation (General Chemistry and Immunoassay Analyzers)Ronald G. HaasCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 12, 444–449Publication Date (Print):June 15, 1993Publication History Published online5 March 2003Published inissue 15 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00060a614https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00060a614research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The use of monoclonal antibodies to analyze the structure of Clostridium botulinum type E derivative toxin (1986)

Six monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium botulinum type E derivative toxin were prepared. Three of the five binding to the heavy chain neutralized the derivative toxin; the other one binding to the light chain did not. Immunoblotting analysis with the monoclonal antibodies showed that the fragment obtained by tryptic digestion consisted of the light chain and part of the heavy chain (H-1 fragment) linked together by a disulfide bond(s) and that the antigenic determinants common between type E and F derivative toxins were located on both the heavy and light chains. The fragment induced by chymotrypsin treatment, like the tryptic fragment, bound to four monoclonal antibodies. The mild tryptic treatment and reduction resulted in separation of the chymotryptic fragment into two smaller fragments corresponding to the light chain and H-1 fragment. These results indicate that H-1 fragment contains the amino-terminal portion of the heavy chain. The monoclonal antibody neutralizing the toxin and probably recognizing the epitope on the carboxyl-terminal portion (H-2 fragment) of the heavy chain effectively competed for binding of 125I-labeled derivative toxin to synaptosomes. Of the two monoclonal antibodies neutralizing the toxin and recognizing the epitopes on H-1 fragment, one partially inhibited binding, but the other did not. This suggests that the binding of 125I-labeled derivative toxin depends mainly on the carboxyl-terminal region of the heavy chain and that interference with binding is not the only means of toxin neutralization.
WIDE BANDWIDTH MEASUREMENTS OF ULTRASOUND VELOCITY AND ATTENUATION IN POLYSTYRENE SUSPENSIONS (1992)

A wide bandwidth near-plane-wave acoustic spectrometer has been used for the measurement of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation as a function of frequency (2MHz-55MHz) in monodisperse polystyrene suspensions. Particle sizes ranged from 200 nm to 615 nm diameter and volume fractions from 5.6% to 12.1%. Results have been compared with a number of theoretical models; the most significant agreement was obtained between our measured data and the theoretical formulations of Allegra and Hawley [9].