gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TRIFLUOROMETHYLTHIOCOPPER CATALYZED OXIRANE RING OPENING (2004)

Trifluoromethylthiocopper has been found to catalyze the opening of the epoxide ring and to furnish not-so-easily accessible novel trifluoromethylthiolated α-hydroxy compounds. This communication presents the mechanism of the formation of the various compounds and their mass spectral data.
Cytochrome P4503A4-mediated N-demethylation of the antiprogestins lilopristone and onapristone. (1997)

The metabolism of two newer antiprogestational agents, lilopristone and onapristone, was investigated using human liver microsomes, and evidence was obtained supporting a principal role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 in their N-demethylations. Kinetic studies with microsomes from three organ donors indicated lack of biphasic kinetics at substrate concentrations up to 200 microM, consistent with a single enzyme mediating the oxidations. Selective chemical inhibitors of CYP1A2 (furafylline), CYP2C9 (sulfaphenazole), CYP2D6 (quinidine), and CYP2A6/2E1 (diethyldithiocarbamic acid) did not affect initial rates of metabolism of either steroid. Gestodene and triacetyloleandomycin (selective for CYP3A enzymes) inhibited the demethylations of both antiprogestins by up to 77%. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to CYP3A4 decreased initial rates of N-demethylation of the antihormones by up to 82%, whereas antibodies to CYP2C9 were not inhibitory. Collectively, these data thus suggest potential drug-drug interactions of these promising new therapeutic agents with concomitantly administered CYP3A4 substrates.
Enzymatic sulfation of galactose residue of keratan sulfate by chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (1996)

We have previously found that the purified chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (C6ST), which transfers sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to position 6 of N-acetylgalactosamine in chondroitin, catalyzed the sulfation of keratan sulfate, and that both the C6ST activity and the keratan sulfate sulfotransferase (KSST) activity were expressed in COS-7 cells when C6ST cDNA was transfected. In this report we describe some properties of the KSST activity contained in the purified C6ST, and characterize the sulfated products formed from keratan sulfate and partially desulfated keratan sulfate. Optimal pH, requirement for cationic activators, and Km value for PAPS of the KSST activity were very similar to those of the C6ST activity. 35S-Labeled glycosaminoglycans formed from keratan sulfate and partially desulfated keratan sulfate were N-deacetylated by treatment with hydrazine/hydrazine sulfate and then cleaved with HNO2 at pH 4, and the resulting products were reduced with NaB3H4. Analysis of the degradation products with paper chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography provided evidence that C6ST transferred sulfate to position 6 of galactose residue which was glycosidically linked to N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate residue or to N-acetylglucosamine residue. Northern blot analysis using poly (A)+ RNA from 12-d-old chick embryos indicated that the message of C6ST was expressed not only in the cartilage but also in the cornea in which keratan sulfate is actively synthesized.
Elevated Serum Soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 (sVEGFR-1) Levels in Women with Preeclampsia (2003)

Hoping to get more insight into a role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a putative substance involved in the development of preeclampsia, we measured concentrations of soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1), a natural antagonist of VEGF, in serum from women with (n = 31) and without (n = 52) preeclampsia. The concentrations of sVEGFR-1 in serum from women with preeclampsia (median 7791 pg/mL) were > 6-fold higher than those from control (1132 pg/mL, p < 0.0001). The levels of sVEGFR-1 decreased markedly after delivery in both groups. Serum sVEGFR-1 levels of non-preeclamptic women were positively correlated with gestational age (r = 0.570, p < 0.0001), whereas those of preeclamptic women exhibited no correlation with gestational age (r= −0.130, p = 0.476). These findings may point to an involvement of sVEGFR-1 in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia possibly by antagonizing of VEGF effects on the formation of placental vasculature and maternal endothelial cell function.
Spontaneous Emission of Phonons by Coupled Quantum Dots (1999)

We find an interference effect for electron-phonon interactions in coupled semiconductor quantum dots that can dominate the nonlinear transport properties even for temperatures close to zero. The intradot electron tunneling process leads to a ``shake up'' of the phonon system and is dominated by a double-slit-like interference effect of spontaneously emitted phonons. The effect is closely related to subradiance of photons (Dicke effect) in a laser-trapped two-ion system and explains the oscillations in the nonlinear current-voltage characteristics of coupled dots observed recently.
A novel pattern transfer process for bonded SOI giga-bit DRAMs (2002)

Silicon-on-Insulator devices having a buried capacitor structure have been proposed by several authors as a 1 giga bit DRAM cell structure. However, several limits such as wafer cost, low throughput, and poor SOI thickness uniformity would prevent the practical application of this technology in spite of its distinct advantages such as shorter process step, easier backend process, and higher packing density. In this paper, we demonstrated the feasibility of a novel pattern transfer method combining the hydrogen implantation and selective polish stop process which can be applied to the fabrication of buried capacitor SOI structure with a low cost and high throughput.
Identification of Codon-Specific Serine to Asparagine Mistranslation in Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (2009)

Translation errors in protein biosynthesis may result in low level amino acid misincorporation and contribute to product heterogeneity of recombinant protein therapeutics. We report the use of peptide map analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry to detect and identify mistranslation events in recombinant monoclonal antibodies expressed in mammalian cell lines including Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Misincorporation of an asparagine residue at multiple serine positions was detected as earlier-eluting peptides with masses 27.01 Da higher than expected. The exact positions at which misincorporation occurred were identified by tandem mass spectrometry of the asparagine-containing variant peptides. The identified asparagine misincorporation sites correlated with the use of codon AGC but with none of the other five serine codons. The relative levels of misincorporation ranged from 0.01%-0.2% among multiple serine positions detected across three different antibodies by targeted analysis of expected and variant peptides. The low levels of misincorporation are consistent with published predictions for in vivo translation error rates. Our results demonstrate that state-of-the-art mass spectrometry with a combination of high sensitivity, accuracy, and dynamic range provides a new ability to discover and characterize low level protein variants that arise from mistranslation events.
Hyperparameter tuning in Python using Optunity (2014)

We present Optunity, a Python library which bundles various strategies to solve hyperparameter tuning problems. The library provides general purpose algorithms, ranging from undirected search methods to adaptive methods based on refinement strategies, heuristics and evolutionary computing. Optunity aspires to become a Swiss army knife to solve tuning problems of any nature. Its design focuses on code clarity, flexibility and ease of use.
Extending lifetime of portable systems by battery scheduling (2001)

Multi-battery power supplies are becoming popular in electronic appliances of the latest generations, due to economical and manufacturing constraints. Unfortunately, a partitioned battery subsystem is not able to deliver the same amount of charge as a monolithic battery with the same total capacity. In this paper, we define the concept of battery scheduling, we investigate policies for solving the problem of optimal charge delivery, and we study the relationship of such policies with different configurations of the battery subsystem. Results, obtained for different workloads, demonstrate that the choice of the proper scheduling can make, in the best cease, system lifetime as close as 1% of that guaranteed by a monolithic battery of equal capacity.
Pathology of the Thin‐Cap Fibroatheroma: (2003)

Thin cap atheroma is the precursor of plaque rupture, which accounts for a majority of coronary thrombi. The morphologic features of thin cap atheromas that predict rupture are unknown, but we know from studies of ruptured plaques that large necrotic cores, fibrous cap < 65 microns and numerous macrophages within the cap likely indicate instability. There is some evidence that a speckled pattern of calcification is associated with vulnerability to rupture. There are usually multiple thin cap atheroma in the hearts of patients dying with acute plaque rupture, as well as multiple fibroatheromas with intraplaque hemorrhage. Targeted therapy for the purpose of stabilizing coronary lesions that are prone to rupture is a major future goal of the interventionist.
The role of hyperpolarization in the relaxation of smooth muscle of monkey coronary artery. (1986)

In monkey coronary arteries, outer and inner muscle had a similar resting potential (‐39.5 and ‐40.0 mV). Both showed strong outward‐going rectification, with no regenerative depolarization, on injection of depolarizing current. The depolarization spread electrotonically in all directions, particularly around the vessel wall. Hyperpolarization up to ‐45 mV by injection of constant current caused relaxation. Depolarization caused contraction. Pulses of field stimulation caused a brief depolarization which was reduced by tetrodotoxin or by stripping of the adventitia. They also caused a prolonged hyperpolarization which was not prevented by either, but was prevented by rubbing of the endothelium. The hyperpolarization in response to field stimulation therefore appears to result from electrically stimulated release of a substance from endothelial cells. Relaxation accompanied this hyperpolarization. It was twice the size of the relaxation produced by a similar hyperpolarization due to constant injection. Isoprenaline also produced hyperpolarization, and relaxation five times that seen with a similar hyperpolarization induced by direct current. Hyperpolarization appears to be an important, but not the only, mediator of relaxation induced in this artery both by endothelial cells and by beta‐adrenergic stimulation.
Microchannel Electrophoretic Separations of DNA in Injection-Molded Plastic Substrates (1997)

Microfabricated electrophoretic separation devices have been produced by an injection-molding process. The strategy for producing the devices involved solution-phase etching of a master template on a silicon wafer, followed by electroforming more durable injection-molding masters in nickel from the silicon master. One of the nickel electroforms was then used to prepare an injection mold insert, from which microchannel chips in an acrylic substrate were mass-produced. The microchannel devices were used to demonstrate high-resolution separations of double-stranded DNA fragments with total run times of less than 3 min. Run-to-run and chip-to-chip reproducibility was good, with relative standard deviation values below 1% for the run-to-run data and in the range of 2-3% for the chip-to-chip comparisons. Such devices could lead to the production of low-cost, single-use electrophoretic chips suitable for a variety of separation applications, including DNA sizing, DNA sequencing, random primary library screening, and rapid immunoassay testing.
Data hiding and security in object-oriented databases (2003)

Hiding is an important characteristic of the object-oriented paradigm. The author shows how hiding can be exploited to support data security and privacy. The model is based on a single type of authorization, that is, the authorization of a user to execute a method on a given object. The rationale of the authorization model is described. A formal definition of the model is presented, and the algorithms for the main authorization functions, such as grant and revoke, are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Finite deformation mechanics in buckled thin films on compliant supports (2007)

We present detailed experimental and theoretical studies of the mechanics of thin buckled films on compliant substrates. In particular, accurate measurements of the wavelengths and amplitudes in structures that consist of thin, single-crystal ribbons of silicon covalently bonded to elastomeric substrates of poly(dimethylsiloxane) reveal responses that include wavelengths that change in an approximately linear fashion with strain in the substrate, for all values of strain above the critical strain for buckling. Theoretical reexamination of this system yields analytical models that can explain these and other experimental observations at a quantitative level. We show that the resulting mechanics has many features in common with that of a simple accordion bellows. These results have relevance to the many emerging applications of controlled buckling structures in stretchable electronics, microelectromechanical systems, thin-film metrology, optical devices, and others.
An Essential Domain of the c-Myc Protein Interacts with a Nuclear Factor That Is Also Required for E1A-Mediated Transformation (1995)

Cell transformation by nuclear oncogenes such as c-myc presumably involves the transcriptional activation of a set of target genes that participate in the control of cell division. The function of a small evolutionarily conserved domain of the c-myc gene encompassing amino acids 129 to 145 was analyzed to explore the relationship between cell transformation and transcriptional activation. Deletion of this domain inactivated the c-myc oncogene for cell transformation while retaining the ability to activate transcription of either myc consensus binding sites or a GAL4-dependent promoter when the c-myc N-terminus was fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain. Point mutations that altered a conserved tryptophan (amino acid 136) within this domain had similar effects. Expression of the wt c-Myc N terminus (amino acids 1 to 262) as a GAL4 fusion was a dominant inhibitor of cell transformation by the c-myc oncogene, and this same domain also inhibited transformation by the adenovirus E1A gene. Surprisingly, deletion of amino acids 129 to 145 eliminated the dominant negative activity of GAL4-Myc on both c-myc and E1A transformation. Expression of the GAL4-Myc protein in Cos cells led to the formation of a specific complex between the Myc N terminus and a nuclear factor, and this complex was absent with the dl129-145 mutant. These results suggest that an essential domain of the c-Myc protein interacts with a specific nuclear factor that is also required for E1A transformation.
Field emitter arrays for low voltage applications with sub 100 nm apertures and 200 nm period (2002)

Fabricated 70-nm-gate aperture silicon FEAs with turn-on voltages as low as 10 V. We demonstrated emission currents of 1 /spl mu/A at V/sub g/ of 13 V. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the tips verified that the tip radii have a log-normal distribution with a mean radius of 4.5 nm. The measured tip radii are consistent with the electrical characterization of the devices.
Cross‐protection or enhanced symptom display in greenhouse tomato co‐infected with different Pepino mosaic virus isolates (2009)

The potential of three mild Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) isolates, belonging to the CH2, EU and LP genotypes, to protect a tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) crop against an aggressive challenge isolate of the CH2 genotype was assessed in greenhouse trials and PepMV symptoms were rated at regular time points. After challenge infection, enhanced symptom display was recorded in plants that were pre‐inoculated with a protector isolate belonging to a different genotype (EU, LP) from the challenge isolate. A quantitative genotype‐specific TaqMan assay revealed that in these plants, the accumulation of the challenge isolate only temporarily slowed down. By contrast, efficient cross‐protection was obtained using the mild isolate of the CH2 genotype, and in this case the challenge isolate was barely detectable in the pre‐inoculated plants. These results suggest that the interaction between PepMV isolates largely depends on RNA sequence homology and that post‐transcriptional gene silencing plays an important role in cross‐protection.
Total Synthesis of Everninomicin 13,384-1—Part 1: Synthesis of the A1B(A)C Fragment (1999)

The powerful antibiotic everninomicin 13,384-1 (1, Ziracin) has been prepared for the first time through a total synthesis. The 1→1′-disaccharide and the two orthoesters of this target molecule were introduced by new methodologies using a tin acetal and 1,2-phenylseleno migrations. The reaction sequence also relies on stereoselective glycosidations and subtle manipulations of protecting groups. In addition to the introduction of new synthetic methodologies, this total synthesis should allow the preparation of combinatorial libraries of semisynthetic analogues of this highly promising antibiotic for biological screening purposes.
Review: Luther Burbank, by Doris Faber (1969)

Book Review| May 01 1969 Review: Luther Burbank, by Doris Faber Luther BurbankDoris Faber H. G. H. G. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1969) 31 (5): 350. https://doi.org/10.2307/4442631 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation H. G.; Review: Luther Burbank, by Doris Faber. The American Biology Teacher 1 May 1969; 31 (5): 350. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4442631 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1969 The National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation as treatment for trigeminal allodynia (2014)

Implanted vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been used to treat seizures and depression. In this study, we explored the mechanism of action of noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the treatment of trigeminal allodynia. Rats were repeatedly infused with inflammatory mediators directly onto the dura, which led to chronic trigeminal allodynia. Administration of nVNS for 2 minutes decreased periorbital sensitivity in rats with periorbital trigeminal allodynia for up to 3.5 hours after stimulation. Using microdialysis, we quantified levels of extracellular neurotransmitters in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). Allodynic rats showed a 7.7±0.9-fold increase in extracellular glutamate in the TNC after i.p. administration of the chemical headache trigger glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; 0.1 mg/kg). Allodynic rats that received nVNS had only a 2.3±0.4-fold increase in extracellular glutamate after GTN, similar to the response in control naive rats. When nVNS was delayed until 120 minutes after GTN treatment, the high levels of glutamate in the TNC were reversed after nVNS. The nVNS stimulation parameters used in this study did not produce significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate. These data suggest that nVNS may be used to treat trigeminal allodynia.
Treatment of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2006)

In the early 1980s, adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was a rarely curable disease with overall survival < 10%. After adapting combinations employed by pediatric groups, the outcome improved to 30-40%. A period of stagnation followed with improvement only in distinct subgroups. In the past 5 years, however, striking new developments have been noticeable. Progress has been made in molecular diagnostics of ALL. Improvements to standard therapy including stem cell transplantation (SCT) have occurred and a variety of new drugs for ALL are under evaluation. Rapid diagnosis and classification of ALL is increasingly important to identify prognostic factors and molecular genetic subsets that will be the focus of "targeted" therapies as we enter the era of subset specific treatment. In the following review we will discuss treatment of adult ALL (excluding elderly patients,(1) adolescents(2) and patients with Ph/BCR-ABL positive ALL(3)).
Whole blood for hemostatic resuscitation of major bleeding (2016)

Recent combat experience reignited interest in transfusing whole blood (WB) for patients with life-threatening bleeding. US Army data indicate that WB transfusion is associated with improved or comparable survival compared to resuscitation with blood components. These data complement randomized controlled trials that indicate that platelet (PLT)-containing blood products stored at 4°C have superior hemostatic function, based on reduced bleeding and improved functional measures of hemostasis, compared to PLT-containing blood products at 22°C. WB is rarely available in civilian hospitals and as a result is rarely transfused for patients with hemorrhagic shock. Recent developments suggest that impediments to WB availability can be overcome, specifically the misconceptions that WB must be ABO specific, that WB cannot be leukoreduced and maintain PLTs, and finally that cold storage causes loss of PLT function. Data indicate that the use of low anti-A and anti-B titer group O WB is safe as a universal donor, WB can be leukoreduced with PLT-sparing filters, and WB stored at 4°C retains PLT function during 15 days of storage. The understanding that these perceived barriers are not insurmountable will improve the availability of WB and facilitate its use. In addition, there are logistic and economic advantages of WB-based resuscitation compared to component therapy for hemorrhagic shock. The use of low-titer group O WB stored for up to 15 days at 4°C merits further study to compare its efficacy and safety with current resuscitation approaches for all patients with life-threatening bleeding.
Carbon-Nanotube-Induced Acceleration of Catalytic Nanomotors (2008)

Synthetic nanoscale motors represent a major step toward the development of practical nanomachines. Despite impressive progress, man-made nanomachines lack the efficiency and speed of their biological counterparts. Here we show that the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) into the platinum (Pt) component of asymmetric metal nanowire motors leads to dramatically accelerated movement in hydrogen-peroxide solutions, with average speeds (50-60 microm/s) approaching those of natural biomolecular motors. Further acceleration to 94 microm/s, with some motors moving above 200 microm/sis observed upon adding hydrazine to the peroxide fuel. Factors influencing the accelerated movement, including the CNT loading and fuel concentration, are examined. Such development of highly efficient and controllable nanomotors offers great promise for self-powered nanoscale transport and delivery systems.