gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional importance of the C‐terminus of the human norepinephrine transporter (2004)

Three C-terminal variants of the human norepinephrine transporter (hNET) are known: the wild-type hNET in which exon 14 encodes the last seven amino acids and two variants with either three or 18 amino acids encoded by an alternatively spliced exon 15. In transfected HEK293 cells we compared by means of [(3)H]norepinephrine ([(3)H]NE) uptake and [(3)H]nisoxetine ([(3)H]NIS) binding the functional properties of the wild-type hNET with those of the more abundant long splice variant containing exon 15 (hNET-Ex15L) and of two artificial hNET mutants lacking either the last three (hNET-Ex14-4) or all seven (hNET-Ex14-0) C-terminal amino acids of exon 14. No differences among the NET isoforms were observed concerning the K(m) for uptake of NE and the K(D) for binding of NIS. However, compared with the wild-type hNET, the three isoforms (hNET-Ex15L, hNET-Ex14-4 and hNET-Ex14-0) showed a pronounced decrease in V(max) of [(3)H]NE uptake and B(max) of [(3)H]NIS binding which correlated with strongly reduced surface expression of the transporter isoforms. The decrease in surface expression of the hNET isoforms is probably a consequence of the lack of the three amino acids leucine, alanine and isoleucine at the C-terminal end which may represent a motif facilitating cell surface expression of the hNET. Expression of hNET-Ex15L exerted a dominant negative effect on plasma membrane expression of the wild-type hNET and thus may represent a novel mechanism for regulation of noradrenergic neurotransmission.
Thrombolysis of occluded femoropopliteal grafts (1986)

In a series of 44 occluded femoropopliteal grafts, streptokinase was used for thrombolytic therapy in 22 cases and urokinase in 22 cases. In most cases, thrombolytic agents were administered via an indwelling arterial catheter directly into the proximal thrombus. The catheter tip was advanced as thrombolysis occurred. Compared with streptokinase infusions, urokinase bolus injection followed by infusion had better results (77% vs 41%) and fewer complications (23% vs 50%). During thrombolytic infusion, concomitant heparin infusion was usually used to reduce the frequency of thrombus formation on the infusion catheter or recurrent thrombosis of the graft, once the tip of the infusion catheter was advanced distally. Follow-up in 23 of 26 successful cases showed that 11 of the grafts remained open at an average follow-up of 12 months or until the patient died. The 12 grafts that reoccluded remained open an average of 3 months. In none of the 18 failures was simple surgical thrombectomy or thrombectomy with graft revision effective in revascularizing the distal limb. The advantages of thrombolysis compared with thrombectomy are less trauma to the graft, which is especially important in vein grafts, and improved distal runoff due to lysis of infrapopliteal thrombus. Even among cases considered failures in this series, the surgical approach was often simplified because of partial thrombolysis. Thrombolysis requires a considerable amount of time, effort, and expense, but in certain patients where thrombectomy is indicated for the treatment of occluded femoropopliteal grafts this technique offers important advantages.
A unifying methodology for intellectual property and custom logic testing (2002)

A novel direct access test methodology that unifies the testing of pre-designed intellectual property blocks and custom user designed logic is proposed. This methodology allows the test logic and wiring used for testing custom logic to be shared for testing intellectual property using pre-computed test vectors. It provides parallel access to storage elements and so alleviates some of the issues found in serial access scan techniques. It also provides a novel solution to the non-scan element state retention problem found in single edge-triggered clock based serial scan approaches.
Treatment of Refractory and Relapsed Acute Myelogenous Leukemia With Combination Chemotherapy Plus the Multidrug Resistance Modulator PSC 833 (Valspodar) (1999)

A potential mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the multidrug resistance (MDR-1) gene product P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is often overexpressed in myeloblasts from refractory or relapsed AML. In a multicenter phase II clinical trial, 37 patients with these poor risk forms of AML were treated with PSC 833 (Valspodar; Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, NJ), a potent inhibitor of the MDR-1 efflux pump, plus mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine (PSC-MEC). Pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions of etoposide and mitoxantrone with PSC were anticipated, measured in comparison with historical controls without PSC, and showed a 57% decrease in etoposide clearance (P =.001) and a 1.8-fold longer beta half-life for mitoxantrone in plasma (P <.05). The doses of mitoxantrone and etoposide were substantially reduced to compensate for these interactions and clinical toxicity and in Cohort II were well tolerated at dose levels of 4 mg/m2 mitoxantrone, 40 mg/m2 etoposide, and 1 g/m2 C daily for 5 days. Overall, postchemotherapy marrow hypoplasia was achieved in 33 patients. Twelve patients (32%) achieved complete remission, four achieved partial remission, and 21 failed therapy. The PK observations correlated with enhanced toxicity. The probability of an infectious early death was 36% (4 of 11) in patients with high PK parameters for either drug versus 5% (1 of 20) in those with lower PK parameters (P =.04). P-gp function was assessed in 19 patients using rhodamine-123 efflux and its inhibition by PSC. The median percentage of blasts expressing P-gp was increased (49%) for leukemic cells with PSC-inhibitable rhodamine efflux compared with 17% in cases lacking PSC-inhibitable efflux (P =.004). PSC-MEC was relatively well tolerated in these patients with poor-risk AML, and had encouraging antileukemic effects. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group is currently testing this regimen versus standard MEC chemotherapy in a phase III trial, E2995, in a similar patient population.
Immunizations, Immunoprophylaxis, and Chemoprophylaxis to Prevent Selected Infections (1987)

VACCINES have played a vital role in improving health care in the United States. One need only remember that from 1951 to 1955 the United States averaged more than 35 000 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis annually, whereas in 1984 there were only eight reported cases. Nonetheless, there continue to be difficulties with immunization programs. Complacency is a major one; there are times when the glamour of modern curative medicine has overshadowed the steady, undramatic activities involved in immunization programs. This is particularly true when adult immunizations are considered. The emphasis on disease prevention, so dominant in the training of pediatricians, has not been as strong in the training received by US internists or general practitioners. The low 20% figure of yearly influenza immunizations given to high-risk patients is eloquent but sad testimony to this problem. Table 1 summarizes commonly used vaccines and immunoprophylactic agents. This review briefly describes the efficacy
Calcium Channel Blocker Prevents T Helper Type 2 Cell–mediated Airway Inflammation (2007)

Nicardipine improves experimental asthma by impairing Th2-dependent inflammation. This study could provide a rationale for developing drugs selectively targeting DHP receptors of Th2 lymphocytes, potentially beneficial in the treatment of asthma.
Placental Blood as a Source of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Transplantation into Unrelated Recipients (1996)

HLA-mismatched placental blood from unrelated donors is an alternative source of stem cells for hematopoietic reconstitution in children.
Transient Focal Ischemia Induces Extensive Temporal Changes in Rat Cerebral MicroRNAome (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 22 nucleotides long, noncoding RNAs that control cellular function by either degrading mRNAs or arresting their translation. To understand their functional significance in ischemic pathophysiology, we profiled miRNAs in adult rat brain as a function of reperfusion time after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Of the 238 miRNAs evaluated, 8 showed increased and 12 showed decreased expression at least at 4 out of 5 reperfusion time points studied between 3 h and 3 days compared with sham. Of those, 17 showed >5 fold change. Bioinformatics analysis indicated a correlation between miRNAs altered to several mRNAs known to mediate inflammation, transcription, neuroprotection, receptors function, and ionic homeostasis. Antagomir-mediated prevention of mir-145 expression led to an increased protein expression of its downstream target superoxide dismutase-2 in the postischemic brain. In silico analysis showed sequence complementarity of eight miRNAs induced after focal ischemia to 877 promoters indicating the possibility of noncoding RNA-induced activation of gene expression. The mRNA expression of the RNases Drosha and Dicer, cofactor Pasha, and the pre-miRNA transporter exportin-5, which modulate miRNA biogenesis, were not altered after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Thus, the present studies indicate a critical role of miRNAs in controlling mRNA transcription and translation in the postischemic brain.
Bioactive glass nanofiber–collagen nanocomposite as a novel bone regeneration matrix (2006)

Nanoscale organized organic-inorganic nanocomposite systems have great potential in the development of biomaterials with advanced properties. Herein, we developed a novel nanocomposite biomaterial consisting of bioactive glass nanofiber (BGNF) and collagen reconstituted fibrous matrix for bone regenerative medicine. A sol-gel derived glass with a bioactive composition (58SiO(2). 38CaO.4P(2)O(5)) was electrospun to a nanoscale fiber with an average diameter of approximately 320 nm. The BGNF was subsequently hybridized with type I collagen, which is the main organic constituent of bone matrix. The BGNF and self-assembled collagen sol were combined in aqueous solution, and then crosslinked to produce a BGNF-collagen nanocomposite, in the form of either a thin membrane or a macroporous scaffold, by adopting appropriate processing conditions. The BGNF was observed to be distributed uniformly within the collagen reconstituted nanofibrous matrix. The nanocomposite matrices induced rapid formation of bone-like apatite minerals on their surfaces when incubated in a simulated body fluid, exhibiting excellent bioactivity in vitro. Osteoblastic cells showed favorable growth on the BGNF-collagen nanocomposite. In particular, the alkaline phosphatase activity of the cells on the nanocomposite was significantly higher than that on the collagen. This novel BGNF-collagen nanocomposite is believed to have significant potential in bone regeneration and tissue engineering applications.
An Investigation into the Validity and Reliability of the Marking of Students' Orthodontic Practical Work (1982)

This study has shown all three examiners to be different; surely a reflection of human nature. One examiner appeared to be strongly influenced by the students' past performance in the course, and the results confirm the findings of Natkin and Guild (1967) that examiners do not always observe the same errors and even when they do, may attach differing importance to the observed deficiency. It was found that an examiner's standard may vary from day to day but, in general, the intra- and inter-examiner correlations were similar to those reported in other studies of undergraduate practical work (Lilley et al., 1968; Silvestri et al., 1979; Goepferd and Kerber, 1980). It may be concluded that: 1. All marking should be done "blind' whenever possible. 2. Marking, once started, should be finished without a break as an examiner's own "pass' standard may vary unduly from one occasion to another. 3. The entire batch of material should be marked by the same examiner, as another could have a significantly different pass standard even though they might agree on the candidates' final order. 4. Because one examiner may subconsciously attach rather more importance to an aspect of the work that another does not notice, there would be a case for two or more examiners carrying out the marking. Their average marks could then be used. In this case, each examiner would, of course, mark the entire batch.
Classification and evolutionary history of the single-strand annealing proteins, RecT, Redβ, ERF and RAD52 (2002)

There are three evolutionarily distinct superfamilies of SSAPs, namely the RecT/Redbeta, ERF, and RAD52, that have different sequence conservation patterns and predicted folds. All these SSAPs appear to be primarily of bacteriophage origin and have been acquired by numerous phylogenetically distant cellular genomes. They generally occur in predicted operons encoding one or more of a set of conserved DNA recombination proteins that appear to be the principal functional partners of the SSAPs.
An Empiricial study of Client Interactions With continuous-media courseware server (1997)

While considerable research has gone into investigating various networking and operating system mechanisms for supporting the transfer and playout of stored continuous media (e.g., audio and video), very little information is available about how users actually use such systems. Understanding how users interact with such a system -- i.e., developing a user workload characterization -- is crucial in designing and evaluating efficient continuous media (CM) resource allocation and access mechanisms. We have designed and built an interactive WWW-based, multimedia, client/server application, known as MANIC (Multimedia Asynchronous Networked Individualized Courseware), that streams synchronized CM (currently audio) and HTML documents to remote users. MANIC was used by more than 200 users during the Spring 1997 semester to listen to, and view, the stored audio lectures and lecture notes for a full-semester senior-level course at the University of Massachusetts. In this paper we provide empirical and analytic characterizations of observed user behavior in MANIC. We characterize both session-level behavior (e.g., the length of individual sessions) as well as interactive user behavior (e.g.,the time between starting/stopping/pausing the audio within a session; and the ``distance'''' of rewinding, fast forwarding and indexed jumping within the audio stream). We also examine how well our measured data can be fit analytically by various distribution functions. Finally, we consider the possible implications of our results for CM system architecture.
PHOTODEGRADATION STUDY OF METHYLENE BLUE (MB) TRAPPED IN POLY (METHYL METHACRYLATE) (PMMA) MATRIX (2004)

Photochemical reactions of the methylene blue (MB) doped in PMMA matrix was studied using a UV-visible fibre optics spectrophotometer. The absorbance peak of each MB doped PMMA sample centered around 660 nm decayed significantly with the increasing of exposure time to UV-visible light. A decrease in absorbance with time indicated that the UV-visible irradiation caused photobleaching of MB in the polymer matrix. The main absorption peaks for each sample increased at higher concentration due to the increase in the number of dye molecules. The absorbance of the sample at lower concentration decreased with time much faster than that at higher concentration of MB. This indicated that a faster photobleaching process occurred at the lower dye concentration of MB compared with that at the higher concentration of MB.
Prognostic Significance of Molecular Upstaging of Paraffin-Embedded Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Melanoma Patients (2004)

Molecular upstaging of PE histopathology-negative SLNs by multiple-marker qRT assay is a significant independent prognostic factor for long-term disease recurrence and overall survival of patients with early-stage melanoma.
Chiral amines as organocatalysts for asymmetric conjugate addition to nitroolefins and vinyl sulfones via enamine activation (2007)

Over the last decade the potential of organocatalysis has successfully been demonstrated. In particular, chiral amines such as pyrrolidine analogues have emerged as a broadly applicable class of organocatalyst for asymmetric conjugate addition via enamine activation. This Feature Article documents the development of these catalysts, emphasizing the design and mechanistic features that supply high selectivity in asymmetric Michael reactions.
A flow cytometric rosetting assay for the analysis of IgG-Fc receptor interactions (1990)

We have developed a sensitive and flexible method for the qualitative evaluation of IgG-Fc receptor interactions in cell suspensions. The assay is based on the flow cytometric quantitation of antibody-coated erythrocyte (EA) rosetting using fluorescein-labelled indicator erythrocytes (E). The number of IgG molecules on indicator E, an important parameter in EA rosetting, was estimated by calibrated flow cytometry. EA binding quantitated by this method was correlated with microscopically evaluated rosette formation. Besides automated quantitation of EA binding, this method offers the additional advantage of simultaneously using a second fluorescence parameter, permitting analysis of FcR activity in subpopulations of cells. As an example of the applicability of this approach the binding characteristics of E sensitized with a series of murine heavy chain isotype switch variant monoclonal antibodies against glycophorin A, to the low affinity receptor on K562 cells were determined. Remarkably, the results suggest a comparable affinity of Fc gamma RII on these cells for immunoglobulins of the murine IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b isotypes.
Mouse complement components C3 and C4. Characterization of their messenger RNA and molecular cloning of complementary DNA for C3. (1981)

Mouse liver mRNA species which direct the cell-free synthesis of pro-C3 and pro44 polypeptides with an apparent molecular weight of 175,000 and 190,000, respectively, were shown to sediment faster than 28 s.By electrophoresis in a denaturing gel the mRNA for C3 was determined to contain approximately 7,500 ribonucleotides.cDNA was synthesized from size-fractionated mouse liver mRNA and cloned in the plasmid pBR 322.Among the cDNA clones recovered three were identified as being complementary to portions of the mRNA for C3.The third and fourth components of the complement system (C3 a n d C4) are serum glycoproteins, which in mammalian organisms participate in defense reactions against infections (1).C 3 is an essential element in both the classical and the alternative pathways of complement utilization.While partial C3 deficiencies in humans have been reported, complete C3 deficiencies are rarely observed, due to fatal childhood infections (2).In contrast, complete homozygous C4 deficiencies without associated serious disease have been detected in humans (3) and guinea pigs (4).Humans have two separate loci for two distinct hemolytically active C4 proteins (5,6).In mice only one gene is known for hemolytically active C4.Mice, however, possess a variant of the C4 protein (Slp or sexlimited protein), which is probably the product of a duplicated gene (7, 8) but which has no C4-hemolytical function (9).Human and mouse C4 genes are located inside the major histocompatibility complex (HLA, H-2), whereas the human C3 gene is not linked to the HLA complex (10) and the mouse C3 gene is located distant from the H-2 complex on the same chromosome ( 11).C3 is synthesized as an intracellular precursor (pro-C3) of an approximate molecular weight of 170,000 which is processed by proteolytic cleavage into two mature chains a, 120,000 and b, 70,000 (12, 13).Similarly, C4 is synthesized as a single chain precursor (pro-C4) with an approximate molecular weight of 200,000.It is cleaved into a disulfide-bonded triple chain with subunits a (98,000), /? (70,000), and y (32,000) with minor species variations (14-16).
Viscous microstructural dampers with aligned holes: Design procedure including the edge correction (2007)

The paper is a continuation of the works "Modelling of viscous damping of perforated planar micromechanical structures. Applications in acoustics" [Homentcovschi and Miles, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2939-2947 (2004)] and "Viscous Damping of Perforated Planar Micromechanical Structures" [Homentcovschi and Miles, Sensors Actuators, A119, 544-552 (2005)] where design formulas for the case of an offset (staggered) system of holes was provided. The present work contains design formulas for perforated planar microstructures used in MEMS devices (such as proof-masses in accelerometers, backplates in microphones, micromechanical switches, resonators, tunable microoptical interferometers, etc.) in the case of aligned (nonstaggered) holes of circular and square section. The given formulas assure a minimum total damping coefficient (including the squeeze film damping and the direct and indirect resistance of the holes) for an assigned open area. The paper also gives a simple edge correction, making it possible to consider real (finite) perforated planar microstructures. The proposed edge correction is validated by comparison with the results obtained by FEM simulations: the relative error is found to be smaller than 0.04%. By putting together the design formulas with the edge correction a simple integrated design procedure for obtaining viscous perforated dampers with assigned properties is obtained.
The nitric oxide donor, V-PYRRO/NO, protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice (2003)

The liver-selective nitric oxide (NO) donor, O(2)-vinyl 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (V-PYRRO/NO), is metabolized by P-450 enzymes to release NO in the liver, and is shown to protect the liver from tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced apoptosis and D-glactosamine/endotoxin-induced hepatotoxicity. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of V-PYRRO/NO on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Mice were given V-PYRRO/NO via osmotic pumps (1.8-5.4 mg/mL, 8 microL/h) 4 to 16 hours before a hepatotoxic dose of acetaminophen (600 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [ip]). V-PYRRO/NO administration dramatically reduced acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as evidenced by reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, reduced hepatic congestion, apoptosis, and improved hepatocellular pathology. The protection afforded by V-PYRRO/NO does not appear to be caused by a decrease in the formation of toxic acetaminophen metabolites, which consumes glutathione (GSH), because V-PYRRO/NO did not alter acetaminophen-induced hepatic GSH depletion. Acetaminophen-induced lipid peroxidation, as determined by the concentrations of 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA), was reduced significantly by V-PYRRO/NO treatment. Although pretreatment was most effective, administration of V-PYRRO/NO simultaneously with acetaminophen also was able to reduce acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Genomic analysis of the liver samples 10 hours after acetaminophen intoxication showed the enhanced expression of genes associated with stress/oxidative stress, apoptosis/cell death, and DNA damage/repair. Acetaminophen-induced alterations in gene expression were attenuated significantly by V-PYRRO/NO. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blot analysis confirmed microarray results. In conclusion, V-PYRRO/NO is effective in blocking acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. This protection may involve the reduction of oxidative stress, the inhibition of apoptosis, and possibly the maintenance of hepatic vasculature to prevent congestion.