gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy using photonic crystal fiber (2004)

We report the application of a simple yet powerful modular pulse compression system based on photonic crystal fibers that improves on incumbent two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy techniques. This system provides more than a sevenfold increase in fluorescence yield when compared with a commercial two-photon microscopy system. From this, we infer pulses of IR radiation of less than 35 fs duration reaching the sample.
Photochemical activation of SF6 by N-heterocyclic carbenes to provide a deoxyfluorinating reagent (2018)

The activation of the greenhouse gas SF<sub>6</sub> using electron-rich N-heterocyclic carbenes gave 2,2-difluoroimidazolines or 2,2-difluoroimidazolidines as well as 2-thio derivatives of the carbene precursors. The N-heterocyclic carbenes can also convert SF<sub>4</sub> to give similar products. The difluoroimidazolidine derivatives were applied in deoxyfluorination reactions. Furthermore, the activation of SF<sub>6</sub> and the fluorination can be coupled in a one-pot process to convert 1-octanol into 1-fluorooctane.
A Chitin-Binding Lectin from Stinging Nettle Rhizomes with Antifungal Properties (1989)

Rhizomes of stinging nettle contain a small-sized lectin that exhibits binding specificity toward chitin. This lectin inhibits growth of several phytopathogenic and saprophytic chitin-containing fungi in vitro. The antifungal action of the nettle lectin differs from the action of chitinases, which are a ubiquitous class of antifungal plant proteins. Moreover, the nettle lectin acts synergistically with chitinase in inhibiting fungal growth. The nettle lectin may be a promising candidate for possible applications in the genetic engineering of disease-resistant crops.
Immunocytochemical localization of P170 at the plasma membrane of multidrug-resistant human cells. (1987)

P170 (P-glycoprotein) is a membrane protein found in high levels in multidrug-resistant cultured cell lines. We have localized this protein using monoclonal antibody MRK16 by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy in the multidrug-resistant human carcinoma cell line KB-C4. The P170 determinant recognized by antibody MRK16 was found on drug-resistant KB-C4 cells, but not on parental drug-sensitive KB-3-1 cells. The determinant was present on the external surface of the plasma membrane and on the luminal side of Golgi stack membranes. P170 was excluded from coated pits at the plasma membrane and absent from endocytic vesicles and lysosomes. This determinant was detected only in small amounts in the endoplasmic reticulum. The high protein concentration of P170 in the plasma membrane is consistent with a role of this protein as a drug efflux pump at the cell surface.
TinyDB: an acquisitional query processing system for sensor networks (2005)

We discuss the design of an acquisitional query processor for data collection in sensor networks. Acquisitional issues are those that pertain to where, when, and how often data is physically acquired ( sampled ) and delivered to query processing operators. By focusing on the locations and costs of acquiring data, we are able to significantly reduce power consumption over traditional passive systems that assume the a priori existence of data. We discuss simple extensions to SQL for controlling data acquisition, and show how acquisitional issues influence query optimization, dissemination, and execution. We evaluate these issues in the context of TinyDB, a distributed query processor for smart sensor devices, and show how acquisitional techniques can provide significant reductions in power consumption on our sensor devices.
A novel C‐terminal sequence from barley polyamine oxidase is a vacuolar sorting signal (2004)

Barley contains two different isoforms of flavin-containing polyamine oxidase (BPAO1 and BPAO2). We have previously demonstrated that BPAO2 is a symplastic protein in barley leaves. On the contrary, maize polyamine oxidase (MPAO), the best characterized member of this enzyme class, is apoplastic. Comparison of the derived amino-acid sequences of BPAO2 and MPAO has revealed that both precursor proteins include a cleavable N-terminal signal peptide of 25 amino acid residues, but the barley enzyme shows an extra C-terminal extension of eight amino acids. By means of MPAO engineering with BPAO2 C-terminal tail (MPAO-T) and exploiting transient expression in Nicotiana tabacum protoplasts, we demonstrate that this oligopeptide is a signal for protein sorting to the plant vacuole. The vacuolar sorting of MPAO-T was saturable. Specific mutations of the C-terminal tail were constructed to determine which amino acid residues of this novel propeptide affect proper protein sorting. No consensus sequence or common structural determinant is required for the intracellular retention of the MPAO-T protein, but a gradual lowering of the efficiency was observed as a result of progressive deletion of the C-terminus.
Electro-optically cavity-dumped ultrashort-pulse Ti:sapphire oscillator (1996)

We report the demonstration of what we believe is the first electro-optically cavity-dumped short-pulse Ti:sapphire oscillator. By designing a novel ultrabroadband, zero-dispersion, zero-insertion-loss polarizer we have obtained single-pulse energies of >200 nJ directly from the oscillator at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The pulse duration is <20 fs with >10 MW peak power and high contrast (>2000) between the pulses immediately preceding and following the main pulse. This system is well suited for white-light continuum generation and seeding multipass or regenerative amplifiers.
Controlling heterologous gene expression in yeast cell factories on different carbon substrates and across the diauxic shift: a comparison of yeast promoter activities (2015)

The data provides a foundation for predictable and optimised control of gene expression levels on different carbon sources and throughout batch fermentation, including during and after the diauxic shift. This information can be applied for designing expression approaches to improve yields, rates and titres in yeast cell factories.
Compliant glass–polymer hybrid single ion-conducting electrolytes for lithium batteries (2015)

Despite high ionic conductivities, current inorganic solid electrolytes cannot be used in lithium batteries because of a lack of compliance and adhesion to active particles in battery electrodes as they are discharged and charged. We have successfully developed a compliant, nonflammable, hybrid single ion-conducting electrolyte comprising inorganic sulfide glass particles covalently bonded to a perfluoropolyether polymer. The hybrid with 23 wt% perfluoropolyether exhibits low shear modulus relative to neat glass electrolytes, ionic conductivity of 10(-4) S/cm at room temperature, a cation transference number close to unity, and an electrochemical stability window up to 5 V relative to Li(+)/Li. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicates that the hybrid electrolyte limits lithium polysulfide dissolution and is, thus, ideally suited for Li-S cells. Our work opens a previously unidentified route for developing compliant solid electrolytes that will address the challenges of lithium batteries.
Emerging Wireless Technologies and the Future Mobile Internet (2011)

This book provides a preview of emerging wireless technologies and their architectural impact on the future mobile Internet. The reader will find an overview of architectural considerations for the mobile Internet, along with more detailed technical discussion of new protocol concepts currently being considered at the research stage. The first chapter starts with a discussion of anticipated mobile/wireless usage scenarios, leading to an identification of new protocol features for the future Internet. This is followed by several chapters that provide in-depth coverage of next-generation wireless standards, ad hoc and mesh network protocols, opportunistic delivery and delay tolerant networks, sensor network architectures and protocols, cognitive radio networks, vehicular networks, security and privacy, and experimental systems for future Internet research. Each of these contributed chapters includes a discussion of new networking requirements for the wireless scenario under consideration, architectural concepts and specific protocol designs, many still at research stage.
Macrophages mediate cardioprotective cellular postconditioning in acute myocardial infarction (2015)

Ischemic injury in the heart induces an inflammatory cascade that both repairs damage and exacerbates scar tissue formation. Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are a stem-like population that is derived ex vivo from cardiac biopsies; they confer both cardioprotection and regeneration in acute myocardial infarction (MI). While the regenerative effects of CDCs in chronic settings have been studied extensively, little is known about how CDCs confer the cardioprotective process known as cellular postconditioning. Here, we used an in vivo rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury-induced MI and in vitro coculture assays to investigate how CDCs protect stressed cardiomyocytes. Compared with control animals, animals that received CDCs 20 minutes after IR had reduced infarct size when measured at 48 hours. CDCs modified the myocardial leukocyte population after ischemic injury. Specifically, introduction of CDCs reduced the number of CD68+ macrophages, and these CDCs secreted factors that polarized macrophages toward a distinctive cardioprotective phenotype that was not M1 or M2. Systemic depletion of macrophages with clodronate abolished CDC-mediated cardioprotection. Using both in vitro coculture assays and a rat model of adoptive transfer after IR, we determined that CDC-conditioned macrophages attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and reduced infarct size, thereby recapitulating the beneficial effects of CDC therapy. Together, our data indicate that CDCs limit acute injury by polarizing an effector macrophage population within the heart.
The association of time of day and serum testosterone concentration in a large screening population (2007)

Testosterone levels in older men are stable throughout the morning and early afternoon, declining only modestly thereafter. Further case-controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Scytalidium lignicolum Acid Protease B1 (1984)

The acid protease B (SLB) of Scytalidium lignicolum was reduced and carboxymethylated and then subjected to tryptic digestion. Five fragments were isolated and some of them were further digested with alpha-chymotrypsin, thermolysin, and dilute acetic acid. The sequence analysis of these fragments and the peptides by conventional methods established the complete amino acid sequence of SLB. The enzyme was composed of 204 amino acid residues with threonine and valine as its amino- and carboxyl-termini, respectively. Locations of three disulfide bridges were also established to be Cys47-126, Cys140-163, and Cys192-201 by enzymatic fragmentation of the denatured and unmodified SLB. Only a slight homology was found in the sequences of SLB and other acid proteases hitherto reported.
EVENDOL, a new behavioral pain scale for children ages 0 to 7 years in the emergency department: Design and validation (2012)

Numerous behavioral pain measures have been validated for young children, but none is appropriate to assess pain in emergency departments (EDs), where caregivers need a simple, easily completed scale. Our objective was to elaborate and validate a tool, relevant in any painful situation, with agitation or prostration, and for any age under 7 years. Five items (scored 0 to 3) were developed by pediatric pain and emergency caregivers. The new scale, called EVENDOL, was tested at children's arrival and after analgesics, at rest, and during mobilization. The validation study included 291 children from birth to 7 years old in 4 French EDs, and independent observations by the ED nurse and a researcher. The Cronbach coefficient was excellent (0.83 to 0.92). Construct validity was demonstrated by a decrease in scores after nalbuphine: 8.14 to 3.62 of 15 at rest (P<.0001), 11.87 to 6.65 at mobilization (P = .0011); by good correlations between EVENDOL and nurse or researcher numerical scores: 0.79 to 0.92 (P<.0001); by good correlations between children's self-assessment scores and EVENDOL in children ages 4 to 7 (0.64 to 0.93). Discriminant validity with tiredness, anxiety, and hunger was good. Interrater reliability was excellent between nurses and researcher (weighted kappa 0.7 to 0.9), and in a group of 6 nurses (simultaneous assessment of 122 videos). The treatment threshold was determined at 4 of 15. EVENDOL has excellent validity and can be used for all children under age 7 in EDs, for any age and any pain, acute as well as more prolonged.
The Hydrophobic Effect and the Organization of Living Matter (1978)

Biological organization may be viewed as consisting of two stages: biosynthesis and assembly. The assembly process is largely under thermodynamic control; that is, as a first approximation it represents a search by each structural molecule for its state of lowest chemical potential. The hydrophobic effect is a unique organizing force, based on repulsion by the solvent instead of attractive forces at the site of organization. It is responsible for assembly of membranes of cells and intracellular compartments, and the absence of strong attractive forces makes the membranes fluid and deformable. The spontaneous folding of proteins, however, involves directed polar bonds, leading to more rigid structures. Intercellular organization probably involves polar bonds between cell surface proteins.
Glucocorticoids and the Immune Function in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Study in Hypercortisolemic and Cortisol-Resistant Patients* (1997)

Immunological studies in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients suggest that the disease progression is accompanied by a defective production of type 1 cytokines (interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-12], an increased production of type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10), and an increased production of IgE. HIV infection is also associated with activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis function and increased plasma and urinary cortisol concentrations. As cortisol is involved in the physiological regulation of cytokines, a study was conducted to examine cytokine patterns in two groups of hypercortisolemic patients, one with normal sensitivity to glucocorticoids and the other with glucocorticoid resistance. Ten HIV-infected patients with normal receptor affinity to glucocorticoids (AIDS-C), 10 HIV-infected patients with low receptor affinity to glucocorticoids (AIDS-GR), and 20 healthy subjects were studied. Receptor characteristics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated by [3H]dexamethasone binding. Serum cortisol and urinary free cortisol were measured by RIA. Serum ACTH and IgE were measured by immunoradiometric assay, and IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 cytokines and interferon-gamma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AIDS-C patients showed low IL-2 and high IL-4, IL-10, and IgE concentratios; conversely, AIDS-GR patients showed high IL-2 and low IL-4 and IgE concentrations. Thus, in HIV infection, elevated cortisol levels suppress cell-mediated immunity and stimulate humoral immunity, whereas this response is not detected in cortisol-resistant patients. These findings indicate that cortisol and its receptors are critically involved in the regulation of immune function in HIV infection.
Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone and the contribution of adriamycin in the treatment of adult non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. A report of 131 cases (1982)

Between January 1973 and January 1979, 131 patients with malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (107 lymphocytic lymphomas, 24 histiocytic lymphomas) were treated with cyclophosphamide-vincristin-prednisone (CVP) either alone or combined with Adriamycin (CVP-A). Stage I and II lymphocytic lymphomas were all treated by CVP combined with radiotherapy. The survival curve for this group of patients plateaued at 89% from the 12th to the 60th month, which was the endpoint of the study. For Stage III and IV nodular lymphocytic lymphomas, actuarial survival was 69% at five years in the CVP-treated group as compared to 54% at three years in the group treated with CVP-A. For Stage III and IV diffuse lymphocytic lymphomas, the complete response rate and median survival were respectively 25% and 24 months in patients treated with CVP, as compared to 67% (P less than 0.01) and 26 months in the group treated with CVP-A. For histiocytic lymphomas, the complete response rate was 50% in the CVP-treated group as compared to 83% in the group treated with CVP-A. Most remarkable was the fact that while in the CVP treated group median survival was only 17 months, the small group of patients treated with CVP-A exhibited considerably improved survival with a horizontal survival curve at 90% after 36 months (12 patients). These results show that the CVP protocol remains an excellent treatment for nodular lymphocytic lymphomas. The addition of Adriamycin (CVP-A) as well as its inclusion in other drugs combination, has raised hopes for remissions of long duration and even for cures in patients with histiocytic lymphomas. Finally, in diffuse lymphocytic lymphomas, efforts will have to be pursued to improve the prognosis which remains poor despite the increased complete response rate achieved by the addition of Adriamycin.
A Role for Glycosylation of the α Subunit in Transduction of Biological Signal in Glycoprotein Hormones (1985)

The biological properties of recombinants of glycoprotein hormones in which the alpha and beta subunits were differentially deglycosylated have been investigated. Specific deglycosylation of the alpha subunit generated a recombinant that had more receptor-binding activity but did not produce hormone response in the target cells. The deglycosylated alpha + beta recombinant was also an antagonist of the action of the native hormone. Thus, the carbohydrates in the alpha subunit play a dominant role in the transduction of the hormone signal into the cell.
Cloning, Expression, and Chromosomal Mapping of a Novel Human CC-Chemokine Receptor (CCR10) That Displays High-Affinity Binding for MCP-1 and MCP-3 (1997)

Chemokines mediate their chemotactic, proinflammatory effects by binding to and activating a variety of specific receptors belonging to the G protein-coupled superfamily of seven-transmembrane serpentine receptors. We report the cloning, chromosomal localization, expression, and ligand binding of a novel CC chemokine receptor, CCR10. CCR10 is expressed primarily in placenta and fetal liver, and binds two of the CC chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and MCP-3, with highest affinity. The KD for MCP-3 binding was 1 nM, and MCP-1 competed for MCP-3 binding with an IC50 of 1.2 nM. The CC chemokines MCP-4 and RANTES competed for MCP-3 binding with IC50 values of 7.5 and 5.4 nM, respectively. The chromosomal location of CCR10 was determined to coincide with the CC chemokine receptor cluster on chromosome 3 (3p21.31-3p21.32). These results indicate that CCR10 is a novel CC chemokine receptor with a unique expression pattern that would be consistent with a role in placental immunity or hematopoiesis.
Induction of DNA strand breaks associated with apoptosis during treatment of leukemias. (1993)

A new flow cytometric method is described to detect DNA strand breaks associated with apoptosis, by labeling the 3'-OH termini in the breaks with biotinylated dUTP in a reaction employing exogenous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. The method has been applied in studies on leukemic HL-60 and MOLT-4 cell lines to reveal whether it is specific to apoptotic cells, and whether it can be used in the clinic to detect DNA breakage in leukemic cells during chemotherapy. There was labeling of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood of all 11 patients studied during chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic, acute myelogenous, or chronic myelogenous leukemia (ALL, AML, or CML) in blastic crisis, indicating induced DNA damage; the number of labeled cells increased from 1-8% before treatment up to 80% during the course of treatment. The DNA topoisomerase inhibitors mitoxantrone, VP-16 (etoposide), and m-AMSA (amsacrine) were more effective in inducing DNA breaks than was hydroxyurea or cytosine arabinoside (AraC). Cells with DNA breaks were identified in peripheral blood for up to 5 days following administration of Mitoxantrone and VP-16. In the case of DNA aneuploid leukemias, the DNA breaks were predominant in the aneuploid cell subpopulations, whereas presumably non-neoplastic diploid cells were unlabeled. In one case of ALL there were two distinct subpopulations of aneuploid cells: one responded to the treatment (by DNA breakage) and the other was non-responding. Thus, cells undergoing apoptosis can be detected by this method of labeling DNA strand breaks and the technique is applicable for analysis of response of leukemic cells to chemotherapy. With this method it may be possible to identify tumor cell sensitivity or resistance to particular drugs early in the course of treatment.
Aero-acoustic levitation: A method for containerless liquid-phase processing at high temperatures (1994)

A method for containerless liquid-phase processing was developed which has practical application in process and property research on virtually any material which is involatile at the melting point. It combines aerodynamic and acoustic forces to support and position the levitated material. The design provides forced convection control of the thermal boundary in the gas surrounding beam-heated specimens, which stabilizes the acoustic forces and allows acoustic positioning necessary to stabilize the aerodynamic levitation forces on molten materials. Beam heating and melting at very high temperatures was achieved. Experiments were conducted on specimens with diameters in the range 0.25–0.4 cm, of density up to 9 g/cm3, at temperatures up to 2700 K, and in oxygen, air, or argon atmospheres. Unique liquid-phase processing results included deep undercooling of aluminum oxide, glass formation at exceptionally small cooling rates, complete melting and undercooling of YBa2Cu3Ox superconductor materials, direct formation of the YBa2Cu3Ox from the liquid phase, and the vaporization of volatile constituents from a low-liquefaction point glass to form a refractory, high melting material. The application of rapid containerless batch processing operations to materials synthesis is discussed.