gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detectors for capillary chromatography (1992)

Detection in Capillary Chromatography (H. Hill & D. McMinn) The Flame Ionization Detector (D. McMinn & H. HIll) The Modern Helium Ionization Detector (R. Ramsey & F. Andrawes) Far-UV Ionization (Photoionization) and Absorbance Detectors (J. Driscoll) The Electron Capture Detector (E. Grimsrud) The Electrolytic Conductivity (Hall) Detector (R. Hall) The Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector (P. Patterson) The Surface Ionization Detector (T. Fujii & H. Arimoto) Sulfur-Selective Detectors (R. Hutte & J. Ray) Atomic Plasma Element-Specific Detection (P. Uden) The Fourier Transform Infrared Detector (D. Gurka) The Ion Mobility Detector (H. Hill & M. McMinn) Mass Spectrometric Detectors (R. Clement & E. Reiner) Detectors for Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (D. Bornhop & B. Richter) Detection in Microcolumn Liquid Chromatography (J. Jorgenson & J. de Wit) Index.
Dissection of the Protein Phosphorylation Cascades Involved in Insulin and Growth Factor Action (1993)

Conference Article| August 01 1993 Dissection of the Protein Phosphorylation Cascades Involved in Insulin and Growth Factor Action Philip Cohen Philip Cohen 1MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1993) 21 (3): 555–567. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210555 Article history Received: February 02 1993 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Philip Cohen; Dissection of the Protein Phosphorylation Cascades Involved in Insulin and Growth Factor Action. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1993; 21 (3): 555–567. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210555 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: EGF, epidermal growth factor, GSK3,4, glycogen-synthase kinase-3,4, G subunit, glycogen-binding subunit of PP1, ISPK, insulin-stimulated protein kinase, MAPKAP kinase-1,2, MAP-kinase-activated protein kinase-1,2, MAP kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPKK, MAP-kinase kinase, MAPKKK, MAP-kinase-kinase kinase, NGF, nerve growth factor, PC 12, phaechromocytoma This content is only available as a PDF. © 1993 Biochemical Society1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Evidence for Essential Histidines in Human Pituitary Glutaminyl Cyclase (2001)

Glutaminyl cyclase (QC, EC 2.3.2.5) catalyzes the formation of the pyroglutamyl residue present at the amino terminus of numerous secretory peptides and proteins. Treatment with diethyl pyrocarbonate inactivated recombinant human QC with the apparent modification of three essential histidine residues. Comparisons of the protein sequences of QC from a variety of eukaryotic species show four completely conserved histidine residues. Mutation of each of these residues to glutamine resulted in two mutant enzymes that were inactive (H140Q and H330Q), suggesting a role in catalysis, and two that exhibited increased Km values (H307Q and H319Q), suggesting a role in substrate binding. Consistent with these results is the prediction that QC possesses a zinc aminopeptidase domain in which the four histidines identified here are present in the active site. Mammalian glutaminyl cyclases may, therefore, have structural and catalytic similarities to a family of bacterial zinc aminopeptidases.
A three-dimensional neural recording microsystem with implantable data compression circuitry (2005)

A 256-site microsystem comprises 4 neural recording arrays with integrated amplification and multiplexing circuitry and an implantable spike detection ASIC. The spike detector compresses the amount of neural data by 92%, increasing the total number of channels recorded wirelessly from 25 to 312. The implantable circuitry consumes 5.4 mW at 3 V.
A Visual Front-end for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (2006)

We describe a method of generating and utilizing visual landmarks that is well suited for SLAM applications. The landmarks created are highly distinctive and reliably detected, virtually eliminating the data association problem present in other landmark schemes. Upon subsequent detections of a landmark, a 3-D pose can be estimated. The scheme requires a single camera.
Multistep, Low-Temperature Pseudomorphic Transformations of Nanostructured Silica to Titania via a Titanium Oxyfluoride Intermediate (2004)

Synthetic silica preforms with an inverse opal or three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) structure were converted to 3DOM TiOF2 and subsequently to 3DOM TiO2 by solid−gas pseudomorphic transformation reactions, reactions which maintain the shape and structural features of the original material. 3DOM SiO2 preforms with periodic arrays of macropores and hierarchical feature sizes (e.g., macropore separation 334 nm, average wall thickness 59 nm) were prepared by colloidal crystal templating. They were reacted with TiF4 in sealed steel pipes at 190, 235, and 300 °C. At 190 °C no conversion took place, while at 300 °C the material was converted mostly to crystalline TiOF2 with an irregular structure. However, at 235 °C the periodic macroporous structure of the preform was maintained with little change in average pore separation. In these samples, the initially smooth wall structure of 3DOM SiO2 was largely replaced by interconnected TiOF2 cubes with edge lengths of 133 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed sharp lines of TiOF2. The product exhibited opalescence similar to that of the preform, giving a visual confirmation of the success of the pseudomorphic transformation on an extended length scale. An analogous transformation was also investigated with spherical silica preforms. Different stages of transformation were observed by scanning electron microscopy, permitting a discussion of critical parameters in these conversions. The macroporous TiOF2 product was subsequently converted to TiO2 (anatase) by reaction with moist air at 300 °C. In this reaction, pseudomorphism was observed on the scale of tens of micrometers, on the submicrometer macropore scale, and on the scale of the cubic particles forming the wall skeleton. The sample was still composed of interconnected cubes with similar edge lengths, and the pore spacing was nearly maintained. XRD showed only TiO2 anatase reflections. The synthetic paradigms demonstrated for the silica to anatase conversion may be transferable to other 2D or 3D material shapes within the applicable range of feature sizes.
Increased in vitro bone resorption by monocytes in the hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome. (1988)

Children with the hyper-immunoglobulinemia E syndrome are prone to bone fractures. We determined bone density in six patients with hyper-IgE syndrome using photon absorptiometry. All six patients had significantly reduced bone density compared with age- and sex-matched controls. The capacity of peripheral blood monocytes to degrade 45Ca-labeled bone in vitro was studied. The mean percent 45Ca release in four hyper-IgE patients (40.8 +/- 8.6) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in ten age-matched healthy control subjects (7.1 +/- 2.6), seven age-matched patients with recurrent infections (7.9 +/- 1.6), or nine patients with severe atopic dermatitis and elevated serum IgE levels (5.8 +/- 1.3). Monocytes from four of four patients studied spontaneously released abnormally high levels of prostaglandin E2. Bone degradation by these monocytes was significantly reduced in the presence of 10(-6) M indomethacin in vitro. Administration of aspirin in vivo to two hyper-IgE patients reduced boned degradation by their monocytes to normal levels. These results suggest that monocytes from patients with hyper-IgE syndrome are activated to resorb bone via products of the prostaglandin synthase (cyclooxygenase) pathway. The activation of cells in the monocyte/macrophage family to resorb bone may contribute to the osteopenia observed in hyper-IgE syndrome.
Using navigation data to improve IR functions in the context of web search (2001)

As part of the process of delivering content, devices like proxies and gateways log valuable information about the activities and navigation patterns of users on the Web. In this study, we consider how this navigation data can be used to improve Web search. A query posted to a search engine together with the set of pages accessed during a search task is known as a search session. We develop a mixture model for the observed set of search sessions, and propose variants of the classical EM algorithm for training. The model itself yields a type of navigation-based query clustering. By implicitly borrowing strength between related queries, the mixture formulation allows us to identify the highly relevant URLs for each query cluster. Next, we explore methods for incorporating existing labeled data (the Yahoo! directory, for example) to speed convergence and help resolve low-traffic clusters. Finally, the mixture formulation also provides for a simple, hierarchical display of search results based on the query clusters. The effectiveness of our approach is evaluated using proxy access logs for the outgoing Lucent proxy.
A Set of Vectors with a Tetracycline-Regulatable Promoter System for Modulated Gene Expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)

A set of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vectors has been developed in which transcription is driven by a hybrid tetO-CYC1 promoter through the action of a tetR-VP16 (tTA) activator. Expression from the promoter is regulated by tetracycline or derivatives. Various modalities of promoter and activator are used in order to achieve different levels of maximal expression. In the presence of antibiotic in the growth medium at concentrations that do not affect cell growth, expression from the tetO promoter is negligible, and upon antibiotic removal induction ratios of up to 1000-fold are observed with a lacZ reporter system. With the strongest system, overexpression levels comparable with those observed with GAL1-driven promoters are reached. For each particular promoter/tTA combination, expression can be modulated by changing the tetracycline concentration in the growth medium. These vectors may be useful for the study of the function of essential genes in yeast, as well as for phenotypic analysis of genes in overexpression conditions, without restrictions imposed by growth medium composition.
Interleukin‐17 receptor deficiency results in impaired synovial expression of interleukin‐1 and matrix metalloproteinases 3, 9, and 13 and prevents cartilage destruction during chronic reactivated streptococcal cell wall–induced arthritis (2005)

These data show a critical role of IL-17R signaling in driving the synovial expression of proinflammatory and catabolic mediators, such as IL-1 and different MMPs, during progression from an acute, macrophage-driven joint inflammation to a chronic, cartilage-destructive, T cell-mediated synovitis. Prevention of IL-17R signaling warrants consideration as a therapeutic target in chronic destructive arthritis.
Structural classification by the Lipase Engineering Database: a case study of Candida antarctica lipase A (2010)

The LED serves as a valuable tool for the systematic analysis of single proteins or protein families. The updated release 3.0 was used for the evaluation of alpha/beta hydrolases. The HTML version of the database with new features is available at http://www.led.uni-stuttgart.de and provides sequences, structures and a set of analysis tools including phylogenetic trees and HMM profiles.
Ion-Beam Sculpting Time Scales (2002)

A study of ion sculpting dynamics in $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}$ and SiN using periodically pulsed ion beams reveals material transport that depends strongly on the time structure of the pulsed beams. It is found that significant nanoscale matter transport can occur over second long time scales after the ion beam has been extinguished. A simple phenomenological model described the dynamics of ion beam sculpting in terms of two material time scales. The model accounts for the surprising observation of enhanced matter transport affected by pulsed ion beams over continuous ion beam exposure.
Treatment of periorbital wrinkles with 1550‐ and 1565‐nm Er:glass fractional photothermolysis lasers: a simultaneous split‐face trial (2010)

Both 1550- and 1565-nm Er:glass lasers are safe and effective modalities in the treatment of periorbital wrinkles with no significant differences between the two lasers.
Functional and Structural Characterization of Thermostabled-Amino Acid Aminotransferases fromGeobacillusspp (2006)

D-amino acid aminotransferases (D-AATs) from Geobacillus toebii SK1 and Geobacillus sp. strain KLS1 were cloned and characterized from a genetic, catalytic, and structural aspect. Although the enzymes were highly thermostable, their catalytic capability was approximately one-third of that of highly active Bacilli enzymes, with respective turnover rates of 47 and 55 s(-1) at 50 degrees C. The Geobacillus enzymes were unique and shared limited sequence identities of below 45% with D-AATs from mesophilic and thermophilic Bacillus spp., except for a hypothetical protein with a 72% identity from the G. kaustophilus genome. Structural alignments showed that most key residues were conserved in the Geobacillus enzymes, although the conservative residues just before the catalytic lysine were distinctively changed: the 140-LRcD-143 sequence in Bacillus D-AATs was 144-EYcY-147 in the Geobacillus D-AATs. When the EYcY sequence from the SK1 enzyme was mutated into LRcD, a 68% increase in catalytic activity was observed, while the binding affinity toward alpha-ketoglutarate decreased by half. The mutant was very close to the wild-type in thermal stability, indicating that the mutations did not disturb the overall structure of the enzyme. Homology modeling also suggested that the two tyrosine residues in the EYcY sequence from the Geobacillus D-AATs had a pi/pi interaction that was replaceable with the salt bridge interaction between the arginine and aspartate residues in the LRcD sequence.
Kill and eat your predator: a winning strategy of the planktonic flagellate Prymnesium parvum (2003)

Interactions between the toxic and mixotrophic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum and the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina were investigated in P-limited semi-continuous cultures and nutrient-replete batch culture experiments. When exposed to 100 10 3 cells ml -1 of Plimited P. parvum, starved O. marina initially ingested the algae, but ingestion was low (0.07 cells grazer -1 h -1 ) compared to the O. marina ingestion rate when the Cryptophyte Rhodomonas sp. was offered as food (2.75 cells grazer -1 h -1 ). Microscopic observations showed that low ingestion is due to toxic effects of P. parvum on the dinoflagellate. Cells of O. marina lost their normal cell shape and became rounded, hyaline and finally lysed. Rounded and partly lysed O. marina cells were rapidly attacked by several P. parvum cells, which formed larger aggregates around the remains of the O. marina cells. This was accompanied by phagotrophic ingestion of particulate material originating from disintegrating O. marina. Cell-free culture medium lysed O. marina cells, although to a lower degree compared to the effect of algal suspensions. O. marina mortality was not only reduced by diluting P. parvum, but also by increasing the dinoflagellate concentration. This clearly indicates that the toxin is removed from the system by its action, presumably by binding to the membrane. Under conditions where toxic effects were not apparent (nutrient-replete batch cultures, low cell concentrations, dim light), P. parvum, after an initial lag period, was rapidly ingested and sustained growth of O. marina at rates comparable to those estimated for Rhodomonas sp. Toxicity of P. parvum is thus a key factor in determining the interaction with protozoan grazers. If toxicity is low, P. parvum is a suitable prey for O. marina. At high toxicity levels, however, O. marina is rapidly killed and ingested by P. parvum, thus reversing the normal direction of grazing interactions between protozoa and algae.
Conceptualization and evaluation of techniques for centrifugal separation of blood cells (1982)

Engineering approaches to the efficient separation of blood components have been conceptualized and evaluated. The approaches studied have included the processing of blood at reduced hematocrits, processing through stages in series or multistage apparatuses, and recycle processing. Evaluation of conceptualized separation processes has been aided by the construction of a continuous seal-less centrifuge using a two-staged spiral blood chamber rotor. Preliminary design data have revealed that such approaches have great potential for enhancing cell yields and improving separation efficiencies. The project emphasis has been on the separation of leukocytes and erythrocytes, but the concepts developed have been expected to be readily applicable to the separation of platelets, specific leukocyte types (granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and stem cells), reticulocytes and gerocytes, and other cellular species.
Confronting the Limits of Success (2002)

Six years ago, new cocktails of anti-HIV drugs transformed prospects for infected people in industrialized countries. Now, serious limitations have become apparent, including numerous long-term drug side effects and a rise in transmission of drug-resistant strains of HIV. As researchers prepare to gather in Barcelona, Spain, next week for the XIV International AIDS Conference, this special package looks at two pressing issues on the agenda: problems limiting the effectiveness of current treatments and puzzles over what kinds of immune responses might lead to vaccines.
Nonenzymatic methylation of DNA by S-adenosylmethionine in vitro (1982)

S-Adenosylmethionine was found to methylate DNA non-enzymatically to produce the same putative promutagenic and procarcinogenic lesions formed by carcinogenic chemical methylating agents. The formation of 7-methylguanine was confirmed by u.v. spectrophotometry, the formation of O6-methylguanine and 3-methyladenine was suggested by the cochromatography of radioactivity with standard bases. It is possible that this reaction may explain the presence of constitutive cellular enzymes specifically for the repair of methylated DNA, and may indicate the mechanism whereby methylated guanine is formed in the liver DNA of rats with chemically induced liver damage.
A gridless router for industrial design rules (1990)

A point-to-point routing algorithm with three new features is presented. First, the router makes optimal use of oversized, rectangular contacts. Second, it allows different wire width on different layers, with the layers having complete freedom as to routing direction. These two features make the algorithm attractive for MOS layout applications. Finally it is able to realize all-angle routing and to accept all-angle obstacles, a feature interesting for hybrid and PCB routing. The router is gridless and guarantees a solution if one exists. Since it is based on computational geometry algorithms, it offers a low run-time complexity. The ideas have been implemented in a prototype version for 45° routing. The results indicate that the router performs well, even on large designs.
Cholera Toxin Enhances Alloantigen Presentation by Cultured Intestinal Epithelial Cells (1993)

In the present study we show that cholera toxin (CT) strongly potentiates antigen presentation by intestinal epithelial cells, probably by enhancing co-stimulation. This was demonstrated in an allogeneic system using cells from the IEC-17 rat epithelial cell line as antigen presenting cells (APC). These cells were induced by optimal concentrations of IFN-gamma to express good amounts of Ia antigen and cultured for 24-48 h in the presence or absence of CT. Thereafter the cells were thoroughly washed and added to cultures containing MHC-incompatible spleen cells as responder cells. Epithelial cells exposed to CT demonstrated greatly enhanced ability to trigger allogen-specific T-cell proliferation as compared with IEC-17 cells treated with IFN-gamma alone. The mechanism for the enhanced APC function was investigated by analysing CT-treated IEC-17 cells for increased class II MHC antigen expression or enhanced production of cytokines with known co-stimulatory function. We found no significant increase in class II MHC antigen expression. By contrast, CT strongly promoted, in a dose-dependent fashion, the production of both IL-1 and IL-6 cytokines by IEC-17 cells as compared with untreated epithelial cells. This effect of CT was specific and not due to contaminating endotoxin because excess amounts of soluble toxin receptor, ganglioside GM1, added to the IEC-17 cultures completely abrogated the cytokine response to CT. These results together with our previous findings of enhanced antigen presentation by macrophages stimulated by CT suggest that the potent adjuvant function of CT for induction of mucosal immune responses might be attributed to an enhanced co-stimulating ability of several putative APC in the mucosal immune system: macrophages, B cells and epithelial cells.
Synthesis of an 18F‐labelled high affinity β1‐adrenoceptor PET radioligand based on ICI 89,406 (2006)

Abstract To date, some non‐selective β ‐adrenoceptor ( β ‐AR) positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands are in clinical use, but no PET radioligand for the selective imaging of cardiac β 1 ‐ARs is clinically available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a potential high‐affinity PET radioligand for the β 1 ‐subtype of ARs. Here, the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of ( S )‐ and ( R )‐ N ‐[2‐[3‐(2‐cyano‐phenoxy)‐2‐hydroxy‐propylamino]‐ethyl]‐ N ′‐[4‐(2‐fluoro‐ethoxy)‐phenyl]‐urea ( 8a–b ), derivatives of the well‐characterized β 1 ‐AR selective antagonist, ICI 89,406, are described. The ( S )‐isomer 8a shows both higher β 1 ‐AR selectivity and β 1 ‐AR affinity than the ( R )‐enantiomer 8b (selectivity: 40 800 vs 1580; affinity: K I1 =0.049 nM vs K I1 =0.297 nM). Therefore, the 18 F‐labelled analogue 8e of compound 8a was synthesized. While the direct nucleophilic 18 F‐fluorination of the tosylate precursor 8d produced 8e in low radiochemical yields (⩽2.9% decay‐corrected) and specific activities (⩽3.5 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis (EOS), n =9) the alternative two‐step synthesis of 8e from ethylene glycol di ‐ p ‐tosylate 9 , [ 18 F]fluoride ion and phenol precursor 8f gave satisfying results (16.4±3.2% radiochemical yield (decay‐corrected), 99.7±0.5% radiochemical purity, 40±8 GBq/µmol specific activity at the EOS within 174±3 min from the end of bombardment (EOB) ( n =5)). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.