gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Diagnosis of Compartment Syndrome of the Lower Leg: Are Clinical Findings Predictive of the Disorder? (2002)

There are limited data from which to define the usefulness of clinical findings for the diagnosis of compartment syndrome. Data from eligible studies suggest that the sensitivity of clinical findings for diagnosing compartment syndrome is low (13% to 19%). The positive predictive value of the clinical findings was 11% to 15%, and the specificity and negative predictive value were each 97% to 98%. These findings suggest that the clinical features of compartment syndrome of the lower leg are more useful by their absence in excluding the diagnosis than they are when present in confirming the diagnosis. Likelihood ratio calculations found that the probability of compartment syndrome with one clinical finding was approximately 25%, and the probability was 93% with 3 clinical findings present. However, these findings are based on limited information; because of the paucity of data available, the predictive value of the clinical findings for the diagnosis of compartment syndrome has yet to be defined.
Experiences with MapReduce, an abstraction for large-scale computation (2006)

MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating large data sets. Users specify a Map function that processes a key/value pair to generate a set of intermediate key/value pairs, and a Reduce function that merges all intermediate values associated with the same intermediate key. Many real world tasks are expressible in this model. Programs written in this functional style are automatically parallelized and executed on a large cluster of commodity machines.The MapReduce run-time system takes care of the details of partitioning the input data, scheduling the program's execution across a set of machines, handling machine failures, and managing the required intermachine communication. This allows programmers without any experience with parallel and distributed systems to easily utilize the resources of a large distributed system.Our implementation of MapReduce runs on a large cluster of commodity machines and is highly scalable: a typical MapReduce computation processes many terabytes of data on thousands of machines. Programmers find the system easy to use: thousands of MapReduce programs have been implemented and several thousand thousand MapReduce jobs are executed on Google's clusters every day.In this talk I'll describe the basic programming model, discuss our experience using it in a variety of domains, and talk about the implications of programming models like MapReduce as one paradigm to simplify development of parallel software for multi-core microprocessors.
9.6 A 1.3mW 0.6V WBAN-compatible sub-sampling PSK receiver in 65nm CMOS (2014)

The release of the IEEE802.15.6 standard has led to increased interest in low-power technologies for wireless body-area-networks (WBAN). The power dissipation, supply voltage, and IC area are some of the most important criteria for successful WBAN implementations. Analog-intensive heterodyne receivers (RX) have been previously demonstrated, consuming 4 to 5mW of power from a 1-to-1.2V supply while occupying large silicon area, due to the presence of area-intensive analog building blocks such as low-pass filters at the IF [1,2]. Digital-intensive RX architectures can potentially result in sub-1V operation with significant reductions in power consumption and area, but require system and circuit-level innovations to achieve desired sensitivity and linearity. This paper presents a mostly-digital 2.4GHz RX architecture that uses a sub-sampling technique with digital IF/baseband signal processing to enable low-power (1.3mW) and low-voltage (0.6V) operation, resulting in ~3x reduction in power consumption. Early analog-to-digital conversion leads to the IC occupying only 0.35mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of active silicon area. While the IC focuses on WBAN demodulation, the presented techniques are applicable to other low-power standards as well.
SYNCHRONICITY OF VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION: OBSERVATIONS COMPARING HAeMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF ATRIAL AND VENTRICULAR PACING (1963)

In the course of earlier investigations it was noted that when the heart was paced by ventricular stimulation, mean left atrial pressure was higher for any given cardiac output, aortic pressure, and stroke work than when the atrium was paced at the same rate. Although the changes observed in those initial observations were not always striking, it was felt desirable to clarify the mechanisms by which they took place and to find what influenced their magnitude. Accordingly, a more systematic investigation was undertaken.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS, LYSOZYME, and CERTAIN ELECTROLYTES IN BREAST MILK DURING THE ENTIRE PERIOD OF LACTATION, DURING A 24‐HOUR PERIOD, and IN MILK FROM THE INDIVIDUAL MAMMARY GLAND (1975)

During a period commencing at birth and lasting for up to 27 months 193 milk samples have been collected from 29 mothers. The IgA globulin content was high immediately after birth, averaging 2.7 arb.U, decreasing to 0.3 arb.U within the first 2 to 3 weeks after birth, then remaining almost constant for the rest of the lactational period. In the case of IgG globulin, similar results were obtained, but the quantity was much smaller. IgM globulin was demonstrated in small quantities during the first 3 weeks of lactation. The lysozyme content varied considerably during the whole lactational period. Individual variations were found for all the immunoglobulins, while the concentration in the individual woman varied only slightly from day to day following in other respects the pattern described above. In 19 mothers IgA, IgG, IgM, lysozyme and electrolyte content were determined in serum and in milk from the right and the left breast on the same day. No difference in content was found between milk from the left and the right mammary gland. A positive correlation was found between the concentrations of IgA and sodium chloride in milk, between those of IgG in milk and serum, and between those of lysozyme in milk and serum. No variations were registered during the individual breast feeding, nor for the 24-hour period as a whole.
Rod-type fiber laser (2005)

We report on a novel ytterbium-doped fiber design which combines the advantages of rod and fiber gain media. The fiber design has the outer dimensions of a rod laser, meaning a diameter in the range of a few millimeters and a length of just a few ten centimeters, but including two important waveguide structures, one for the pump radiation and one for the laser radiation. 120 W output power in single-mode beam quality are obtained from a 48 cm long fiber cane, corresponding to an extracted power of 250 W per meter. The fiber has a significantly reduced nonlinearity and allowing therefore scalability of the performance of high peak power fiber laser and amplifier systems.
Analysis of Host- and Tumor-Derived Proteinases Using a Custom Dual Species Microarray Reveals a Protective Role for Stromal Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2006)

We used a customized Affymetrix protease microarray (Hu/Mu ProtIn chip) designed to distinguish human and mouse genes to analyze the expression of proteases and protease inhibitors in lung cancer. Using an orthotopic lung cancer model, we showed that murine matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, MMP-13, and cathepsin K were up-regulated in tumor tissue compared with normal mouse lung. To determine the relevance of stromal proteases detected using this model system, we compared the results to an analysis of human lung adenocarcinoma specimens using the U133 Plus 2.0 Affymetrix microarray. MMP-12, MMP-13, and cathepsin K showed an increase in expression in human tumors compared with normal lung similar to that seen in the orthotopic model. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed MMP-12 expression in the stroma of human lung tumor samples. To determine the biological relevance of stromal MMP-12, murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells were injected into the tail vein of syngeneic wild-type (WT) and MMP-12-null mice. MMP-12-null and WT mice developed equivalent numbers of lung tumors; however, there was a 2-fold increase in the number of tumors that reached >2 mm in diameter in MMP-12-null mice compared with WT controls. The increase in tumor size correlated with an increase in CD31-positive blood vessels and a decrease in circulating levels of the K1-K4 species of angiostatin. These results show a protective role for stromal MMP-12 in lung tumor growth. The use of the Hu/Mu ProtIn chip allows us to distinguish tumor- and host-derived proteases and guides the further analysis of the significance of these genes in tumor progression.
Application of Minimal Perfect Hashing in Main Memory Indexing (1994)

With the rapid decrease in the cost of random access memory (RAM), it will soon become economically feasible to place full-text indexes of a library in main memory. One essential component of the indexing system is a hashing algorithm, which maps a keyword into the memory address of the index information corresponding to that keyword. This thesis studies the application of the minimal perfect hashing algorithm in main memory indexing. This algorithm is integrated into the index search engine of the Library 2000 system, a digital on-line library system. The performance of this algorithm is compared with that of the open-addressing hashing scheme. We find that although the minimal perfect hashing algorithm needs fewer keyword comparisons per keyword search on average, its hashing performance is slower than the open-addressing scheme.
Identification and characterization of alphavirus M1 as a selective oncolytic virus targeting ZAP-defective human cancers (2014)

Oncolytic virotherapy is a growing treatment modality that uses replicating viruses as selective antineoplastic agents. Safety and efficacy considerations dictate that an ideal oncolytic agent would discriminate between normal and cancer cells on the basis of common genetic abnormalities in human cancers. Here, we identify a naturally occurring alphavirus (M1) as a novel selective killer targeting zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP)-deficient cancer cells. In vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies showed potent oncolytic efficacy and high tumor tropism of M1. We showed that the selectivity depends on ZAP deficiency by systematic identification. A large-scale multicenter pathology study using tissue microarrays reveals that ZAP is commonly deficient in human cancers, suggesting extensive application prospects for M1. Additionally, M1 killed cancer cells by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis. Our report provides novel insights into potentially personalized cancer therapy using oncolytic viruses.
Diurnal Phototropism in Solar Tracking Leaves of Lavatera cretica (1986)

On a clear day, leaf laminas of Lavatera cretica tracked the solar position throughout the day. The laminar azimuth did not diverge from the solar azimuth by more than 12 degrees from sunrise to sunset. Tracking of the solar elevation started 1 to 2 hours after sunrise and ceased 1 to 2 hours before sunset. On an overcast day, the laminas reoriented horizontally. After sunset, following a clear day, the laminas performed a nocturnal reorientation, with three well defined phases. During the initial phase the laminas relaxed their strained sunset-facing orientation to one perpendicular to their petioles. This equilibrium configuration was maintained throughout the following phase, which was apparently concerned with time-measuring. During the final phase, the laminas reoriented, before sunrise, to a position facing the direction of the anticipated sunrise. This directional information is phototropic and was retained for 3 to 4 diurnal cycles, probably in the pulvinus itself, which is the site of the response. Laminas of plants transferred from sunlight either to darkness, or to a simulated natural photoperiod under overhead illumination, were facing the originally anticipated direction of sunrise at the time of each of the three to four subsequent sunrises (after which they reverted to the dark orientation in darkness, or to the horizontal one with overhead illumination). Cotyledonary laminas required directional information for the nocturnal reorientation during 3 or 4 cycles of simulated sunrise to sunset transitions.
Senescence-like growth arrest induced by hydrogen peroxide in human diploid fibroblast F65 cells. (1994)

Human diploid fibroblast cells lose replicative potential after a certain number of population doublings. We use this experimental system to investigate the role of oxidative damage in cellular aging. Treating cells with H2O2 at < 300 microM did not affect the viability of the majority of cells when judged by morphology, trypan blue exclusion, and protein synthesis. However, the treatment caused a dose-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis. After a 2-hr treatment with 200 microM H2O2, the cells failed to respond to a stimulus of serum, platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, or epidermal growth factor by synthesizing DNA, and the loss of response could not be recovered by 4 days. Subcultivation showed that, as in senescent cells, division of the treated cells was inhibited. The life-time cumulative growth curve showed that the loss of replication due to H2O2 treatment was cumulative and irreversible. The H2O2 treatment decreased the number of the population doublings in the rest of the life span by 35.3 +/- 10.3%. Enzymatic assays indicated that, like the cells in their senescent state, the treated cells were less able to activate ornithine decarboxylase and thymidine kinase. Furthermore, subcultivation after the H2O2 treatment showed that the cells developed the morphology of senescent cells. In conclusion, sublethal treatment of H2O2 "stunned" F65 cells and caused the cells to enter a state resembling senescence.
Treatment of Hairy-Cell Leukemia with Chemoradiotherapy and Identical-Twin Bone-Marrow Transplantation (1982)

HAIRY-CELL leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) is a disorder in which mononuclear leukocytes with characteristic filamentous cytoplasmic villae ("hairy" cells) accumulate in peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow. The typical presentation includes pancytopenia and splenomegaly, with hairy cells in the peripheral blood.1 2 3 4 5 The major clinical problem is infection attributable to defects in host defense,6 7 8 9 including either granulocytopenia7 or monocytopenia6 , 8 with impairment of normal monocyte function8 , 9 or both. The clinical course is variable but usually progressive and fatal, with a median survival time of four to six years after diagnosis.1 2 3 4 5 There is no known cure for hairy-cell leukemia. Although splenectomy10 and leukapheresis11 often . . .
Pd(II)-Catalyzed Hydroxyl-Directed C−H Activation/C−O Cyclization: Expedient Construction of Dihydrobenzofurans (2010)

A Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H activation/C-O cyclization reaction directed by a proximate hydroxyl group has been developed. This reaction provides a new method for constructing dihydrobenzofurans, including spirocyclic analogues, a process that is potentially applicable to natural product synthesis.
Generation of Peptide Mimics of the Epitope Recognized by Trastuzumab on the Oncogenic Protein Her-2/neu (2004)

Immunizations with the oncogenic protein Her-2/neu elicit Abs exerting diverse biological effects--depending on epitope specificity, tumor growth may be inhibited or enhanced. Trastuzumab (herceptin) is a growth-inhibitory humanized monoclonal anti-Her-2/neu Ab, currently used for passive immunotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer. However, Ab therapies are expensive and have to be repeatedly administered for long periods of time. In contrast, active immunizations produce ongoing immune responses. Therefore, the study aims to generate peptide mimics of the epitope recognized by trastuzumab for vaccine formulation, ensuring the subsequent induction of tumor growth inhibitory Abs. We used the phage display technique to generate epitope mimics, mimotopes, complementing the screening Ab trastuzumab. Five candidate mimotopes were isolated from a constrained 10 mer library. These peptides were specifically recognized by trastuzumab, and showed distinctive mimicry with Her-2/neu in two experimental setups. Subsequently, immunogenicity of a selected mimotope was examined in BALB/c mice. Immunizations with a synthetic mimotope conjugated to tetanus toxoid resulted in Abs recognizing Her-2/neu in a blotted cell lysate as well as on the SK-BR-3 cell surface. Analogous to trastuzumab, the induced Abs caused internalization of the receptor from the cell surface to endosomal vesicles. These results indicate that the selected mimotopes are suitable for formulation of a breast cancer vaccine because the resulting Abs show similar biological features as trastuzumab.
Antimicrobial peptides from Amaranthus caudatus seeds with sequence homology to the cysteine/glycine-rich domain of chitin-binding proteins (1992)

Two antimicrobial peptides (Ac-AMP1 and Ac-AMP2) were isolated from seeds of amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus), and their physicochemical and biological properties were characterized. On the basis of fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy, Ac-AMP1 and Ac-AMP2 have monoisotopic molecular masses of 3025 and 3181, respectively. Both proteins have pI values above 10. The amino acid sequence of Ac-AMP1 (29 residues) is identical to that of Ac-AMP2 (30 residues), except that the latter has 1 additional residue at the carboxyl terminus. The sequences are highly homologous to the cysteine/glycine-rich domain occurring in many chitin-binding proteins. Both Ac-AMP1 and Ac-AMP2 bind to chitin in a reversible way. Ac-AMP1 and Ac-AMP2 inhibit the growth of different plant pathogenic fungi at much lower doses than other known antifungal chitin-binding proteins. In addition, they show some activity on Gram-positive bacteria. The antimicrobial effect of Ac-AMP1 and Ac-AMP2 is strongly antagonized by cations.
A Review on Ginseng: Many Moods and Pharmacological Potential Effect (2023)

Herbal medicine (panaxechinacea Meyer) seems to be a Chinese medicine used such as ancient healing regions. Herbal medicine is being used as a fuel thruster. It, therefore, can defend it and the thoracic cavity to profit this same respiratory system, help feed fluid flow, calm and collect the guts, tem- porarily incapacitate this same psyche, etc. Ginsenosides, but instead glucans, are also the primary ingredient particles throughout Echinacea. Research findings here on herbal medicine natural polymers are very few. Although there are loads of updates, most ginsenosides. Functional and nutritional have several pharmacological effects due to ginsenosides. As per the thing that is different within role but instead amounts specific sweetener methyl group within flavone, ginsenosides were being partitioned into three forms: protopanaxadiol (ppd), protopanaxatriol (ppt), but rather monoterpene alka- line. Now, 153 ginsenosides nearly seem to have been identified and isolated that once parents associated with the organization. Ginsenosides have shown numerous biologically active but instead therapeutic potentials, including chemotherapeutic, pro, and topical tretinoin, but also anti-oxidative.
2′,3′-O-(2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl)-8-Azido-adenosine Mono-, Di-, and Triphosphates as Photoaffinity Probes of the Ca2+-ATPase of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (1989)

We have synthesized a new class of ATP photo-affinity analogs, 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-8-azido (TNP-8N3)-ATP, -ADP, and -AMP, and their radiolabeled derivatives, and characterized their interaction with sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The nucleotides bind with high affinity (Kd = 0.04-0.4 microM) to the catalytic site of the Ca2+-ATPase. TNP-8N3-ATP and TNP-8N3-ADP, at low concentrations (less than 10 microM), accelerate ATPase activity 1.5- and 1.4-fold, respectively, indicating that they bind to a regulatory site. In the same concentration range, they all undergo a large increase in fluorescence ("superfluorescence") during enzyme turnover in the presence of ATP and Ca2+, or on phosphorylation from Pi in a Ca2+-depleted medium. Irradiation at alkaline pH results in specific covalent incorporation of the nucleotide at the catalytic site on the A1 tryptic subfragment. The efficiency of catalytic site labeling is greatest (up to 80% of available sites/irradiation period) in the presence of ATP, Ca2+, and Mg2+, conditions in which the probe binds only to the regulatory and superfluorescent sites. The covalently attached nucleotide exhibits fluorescence enhancement on enzyme turnover in the presence of acetyl phosphate plus Ca2+ or on phosphorylation from Pi in a Ca2+-depleted medium, but not in the presence of ATP plus Ca2+. The results suggest that the catalytic, regulatory, and superfluorescent nucleotide sites are at the same locus and that the binding domain includes portions of the A1 subfragment. The high efficiency with which the site is photolabeled during turnover is ascribed to water exclusion and possibly cleft closure in E2-P.
517: A Single Surgeon’s Six-Year Experience with Botulinum Toxin Injection Into the Bladder and Urethra (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Sunday, May 9, 2004, 1:00 - 5:00 pm1 Apr 2004517: A Single Surgeon’s Six-Year Experience with Botulinum Toxin Injection Into the Bladder and Urethra Michael B. Chancellor, and Christopher P. Smith Michael B. ChancellorMichael B. Chancellor , and Christopher P. SmithChristopher P. Smith View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)37779-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "517: A Single Surgeon’s Six-Year Experience with Botulinum Toxin Injection Into the Bladder and Urethra." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 138 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 138 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Michael B. Chancellor More articles by this author Christopher P. Smith More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Delivery by 17 Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate (2003)

to the editor: After reading the article by Meis et al. (June 12 issue), 1 we strongly discourage practitioners from using 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate in the care of women who have had preterm deliveries, until more investigation is done. Although initially enthusiastic about the results, which showed a risk reduction among the women who received 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, we were concerned about the high rate of recurrent preterm delivery among the women who received placebo. The Methods section states that the placebo was castor oil. Ricinoleic acid, the active ingredient in castor oil, is a known uterine stimulant. 2,3 Castor oil is used to induce labor. 4 We speculate that the high rate of preterm delivery in the placebo group was due to the injections of castor oil. If the study medication was given in castor oil (the authors do not say whether it was), then any beneficial effect may have been negated by the vehicle. If not, then the rate of preterm delivery among those receiving 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate was no better than that in the historical controls. 5