gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proline-rich proteins are present in serous cells of submucosal glands in the respiratory tract. (1984)

Using antibodies to basic and acidic proline-rich proteins (PRP) of salivary origin, we detected PRP immunoreactivity in serous cells of human nasal, laryngeal, and tracheobronchial glands by an immunoperoxidase technique. Immunoreactive PRP, detected by immunoblotting from SDS gels, were also found in culture mediums from tracheal explants. We hypothesize that PRP, by interacting with glycoproteins of mucus as other proteins do, may be necessary for maintaining the appropriate viscoelastic properties of respiratory secretions. Thus, PRP may play an important role in disease of the respiratory tract, such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis and may serve important normal functions in addition to those previously identified in the oral cavity.
Treatment of the Exposed Achilles Tendon Using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: A Case Report (2002)

Exposed tendons after burn injury create a surgical challenge for the treating physician. This is particularly true with regard to the exposed Achilles tendon. This case report reviews the nature of this challenge and traditional solutions, and describes the use of negative pressure wound therapy to facilitate coverage of the Achilles tendon. This therapy may provide a more appropriate therapeutic option for dealing with tendon exposure after severe burns.
Lamivudine for chronic delta hepatitis (1999)

Chronic delta hepatitis is a severe form of chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection superimposed on chronic hepatitis B or the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier state. Therapy of delta hepatitis is currently unsatisfactory. We have evaluated lamivudine (3-thiacytidine), an oral nucleoside analogue with marked effects against hepatitis B, as therapy in 5 patients with chronic hepatitis D. Five men, ages 38 to 65 years, were treated. All had HBsAg, antibody to HDV, and HDV RNA in serum, as well as persistent elevations in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and liver histology showing severe chronic hepatitis with fibrosis or cirrhosis. Lamivudine was given in a dose of 100 mg orally daily for 12 months. Patients were monitored carefully and tested for HBsAg, HBV-DNA and HDV-RNA levels serially during the year of treatment and for 6 months thereafter. Liver biopsies were performed before therapy and repeated after 1 year. Serum levels of HBV DNA fell rapidly in all 5 patients, becoming undetectable even by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 4. However, all 5 patients remained HBsAg- and HDV-RNA-positive, and serum ALT levels and liver histology did not improve. All patients tolerated therapy well. When lamivudine was stopped, HBV-DNA levels returned to pretreatment values without a change in disease activity. Lamivudine is a potent inhibitor of HBV-DNA replication, but does not improve disease activity or lower HDV-RNA levels in patients with chronic delta hepatitis.
Conjugation of the 15-kDa Interferon-induced Ubiquitin Homolog Is Distinct from That of Ubiquitin (1996)

The biological effect of type 1 interferons is proposed to arise in part from the conjugation of ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP), the ISG15 gene product, to intracellular target proteins in a process analogous to that of its sequence homolog ubiquitin, a highly conserved 8.6-kDa polypeptide whose ligation marks proteins for degradation via the 26 S proteasome. Inclusion of CoCl2 during the purification of recombinant UCRP blocks the proteolytic inactivation of the polypeptide occurring by cleavage of the carboxyl-terminal glycine dipeptide required for activation and subsequent ligation. Intact UCRP supports a low rate of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1)-dependent ATP:PPi exchange but fails to form a stoichiometric E1-UCRP thiol ester or undergo transfer to ubiquitin carrier protein (E2). The binding affinity of E1 for UCRP is significantly diminished relative to that of ubiquitin. These results suggest that UCRP conjugation proceeds through an enzyme pathway distinct from that of ubiquitin, at least with respect to the step of activation. This was confirmed for an in vitro conjugation assay in which 125I-UCRP could be ligated in an ATP-dependent reaction to proteins present within an A549 human lung carcinoma cell extract and could be competitively inhibited by excess unlabeled UCRP but not ubiquitin. Other results demonstrate that 125I-UCRP conjugation is significantly increased in cell extracts after 24 h of incubation in the presence of interferon-beta, consistent with the late induction of UCRP conjugating activity. Thus, interferon-responsive cells contain a pathway for UCRP ligation that is parallel but distinct from that of ubiquitin.
New amino-protecting groups in organic synthesis (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew amino-protecting groups in organic synthesisLouis A. CarpinoCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1973, 6, 6, 191–198Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50066a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50066a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1247Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Target bit matching for MPEG-2 video rate control (2002)

The MPEG-2 Test Model 5 (TM5) algorithm is widely used for bit rate control. In TM5, however, the target number of bits and the number of actual coding bits for each picture do not match well. Therefore, degradation of the picture quality and buffer overflow may occur at the end of the GOP. We propose a new bit rate control algorithm based on accurate bit estimation. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is to determine the quantization parameters that generate the number of actual coding bits close to the target number of bits for each picture, while maintaining a uniform picture quality. The proposed algorithm uses the relationship between the number actual coding bits and the number of estimated bits of the previous macroblock.
Interleukin-17 and type 17 helper T cells in cancer management and research (2014)

Since their recent discovery, T helper 17 (Th17) cells have been frequently detected in the tumor microenvironment of many malignancies, but their clinical implications remain largely unknown. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) detection is commonly related with poor outcomes in colorectal cancers, yet its presence is associated with antitumor responses in ovarian carcinomas. Numerous experimental models illustrate the divergent roles of Th17 cells in tumor immunity, which appears to be mainly dependent on the tumor context (type, location, and stage of cancer). It is recognized that IL-17 is produced by a variety of cell types and that Th17 cells are endowed with a unique functional plasticity. Therefore, when trying to elucidate potential immune biomarkers and immunotargets, it is extremely important to make a clear dissociation between strategies targeting Th17 versus its hallmark cytokine, IL-17. In this review, we will summarize the data regarding the detection of IL-17 and Th17 in human cancers, consider the experimental evidence on their respective roles in antitumor activity, and discuss the potential of IL-17 as an immune target for therapeutic interventions.
Revascularization of traumatized teeth assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry: case report (1997)

Infection of the pulp space in addition to the attachment damage of a traumatic injury to a tooth, results in serious complications and often tooth loss. Therefore, the prevention or treatment of root canal infection is a major consideration in these cases. In immature teeth, revascularization of a necrotic pulp is possible and highly desirable. Unfortunately, current sensitivity tests are poor indicators of revascularization, with the result that many pulps are removed unnecessarily. Laser Doppler flowmetry is an objective test of the presence of moving red blood cells within a tissue, which has been reported to be effective in the detection of tooth pulp vitality as well. A case is presented where an eight year old child severely luxated both maxillary central incisors. While only one of the incisors was weakly responsive to CO2 ice at 76 days after replantation, the laser Doppler flowmeter indicated that revascularization was occurring in both teeth at a much earlier time. Because of the laser Doppler readings, endodontic treatment was not initiated and the teeth developed normally.
Studies on steroids. CLXXXVII. Determination of serum bile acids by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence labeling. (1983)

A method for the simultaneous determination of bile acids in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence labeling is described. The bile acid fraction was obtained from a serum specimen by passing it through a BondElut cartridge. Bile acids were derivatized quantitatively into the fluorescent compounds through the hydroxyl group at C-3 by treatment with 1-anthroyl nitrile in the presence of quinuclidine in acetonitrile. These derivatives were separated into the free, glycine- and taurine-conjugate fractions by ion-exchange chromatography on a lipophilic gel, piperidinohydroxypropyl Sephadex LH-20. Subsequent resolution of each fraction into cholate, ursodeoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate, deoxycholate and lithocholate was attained by HPLC on a Cosmosil 5C18 column using 0.3% potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0)--methanol (1:5) and 0.1% potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0)--methanol (1:8) as mobile phases. The anthroyl bile acids were monitored by fluorescence detection (excitation wavelength 370 nm; emission wavelength 470 nm), the limit of detection being 20 fmol. The proposed method proved to be applicable to the quantitation of bile acids in serum with satisfactory reliability and sensitivity.
Involvement of a novel transcriptional activator and small RNA in post‐transcriptional regulation of the glucose phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (2004)

RyaA is a small non-coding RNA in Escherichia coli that was identified by its ability to bind tightly to the RNA chaperone Hfq. This study reports the role of RyaA in mediating the cellular response to glucose-specific phosphoenolypyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS)-dependent phosphosugar stress. Aiba and co-workers have shown that a block in the metabolism of glucose 6-phosphate causes transient growth inhibition and post-transcriptional regulation of ptsG, encoding the glucose-specific PTS transporter. We found that RyaA synthesis was induced by a non-metabolizable glucose phosphate analogue and was necessary for relief of the toxicity of glucose phosphate stress. Expression of RyaA was sufficient to cause a rapid loss of ptsG mRNA, probably reflecting degradation of the message mediated by RyaA:ptsG pairing. The ryaA gene was renamed sgrS, for sugar transport-related sRNA. Expression of sgrS is regulated by a novel transcriptional activator, SgrR (formerly YabN), which has a putative DNA-binding domain and a solute-binding domain similar to those found in certain transport proteins. Our results suggest that under conditions of glucose phosphate accumulation, SgrR activates SgrS synthesis, causing degradation of ptsG mRNA. Decreased ptsG mRNA results in decreased production of glucose transport machinery, thus limiting further accumulation of glucose phosphate.
Fully Coupled Analysis of Improved Oil Recovery by Reservoir Compaction (1999)

Abstract The combined effect of stress, fluid flow, and reservoir property changes on oil recovery were evaluated by a fully coupled procedure that integrates geomechanics and reservoir simulation. In this development, we pay particular attention to changes in oil recovery caused by reservoir compaction (the so-called compaction drive mechanism) and to the impact of the constitutive behavior of rock deformation on oil recovery. In general, for weak hydrocarbon reservoirs that exhibit nonlinear, elastic and plastic constitutive behavior, the coupling effect may not be ignored in reservoir simulation. The coupled interaction between geomechanics and reservoir fluid production significantly affects the stress state, reservoir properties, and the efficiency of oil recovery. Both fully and loosely coupled methods are used to illustrate the impact of reservoir compaction on oil recovery. The key variables investigated, that are important in improving oil recovery by the compaction drive mechanism, include the constitutive behavior of reservoir rock, the water-weakening effect, stress-dependent permeability, and the overburden/reservoir interaction. The numerical results from this study show that a fully coupled geomechanics and reservoir simulation approach can be used to accurately quantify the economic impact of compaction drive, and the coupled numerical procedure employed in this paper provides such a tool. A comparison between the fully and loosely coupled models is given.
Multivariate determination of glucose in whole blood by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (1989)

A spectral analysis of whole EDTA blood was undertaken by using attenuated total reflection and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The concentration of blood glucose was measured by an enzymatic method using glucose dehydrogenase and ranged between 40 and 290 mg/dL with an average concentration of 90.4 mg/dL. Multivariate calibration with the partial least-squares (PLS) algorithm was performed on spectral data between 1500 and 750 cm-1 showing a varying background from different unidentified interfering compounds. Cross validation was carried out for optimizing the PLS model. PRESS was 19.8 mg/dL, which was calculated on the basis of 127 standards, whereas the estimated standard deviation for the calibration fit was computed to be 11.9 mg/dL. Infrared spectroscopy can be used for monitoring glucose levels within the normal physiological range in a complex matrix like whole blood as an alternative to electrochemical sensors.
Towards Automatic Tuning of Apache Spark Configuration (2018)

Apache Spark provides a large number of configuration settings that may be tuned to improve the performance of specific applications running on the platform. However, it is non-trivial to identify the combination of settings that may improve the performance of a specific application as the influence of each setting on performance may vary across applications. As identifying the optimal combination of settings is computationally infeasible due to exponential search space, in this paper we investigate machine learning based approaches to construct application specific performance influence models, and use them to tune the performance of specific applications running on Apache Spark platform. We evaluated our approach using 9 different applications on a 6 node cluster and demonstrated that our framework can reduce execution time by 22.8% to 40.0% depending on applications.
Dihydroartemisinin induces autophagy and inhibits the growth of iron‐loaded human myeloid leukemia K562 cells via ROS toxicity (2012)

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), an active metabolite of artemisinin derivatives, is the most remarkable anti-malarial drug and has little toxicity to humans. Recent studies have shown that DHA effectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells. In the present study, we intended to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of growth of iron-loaded human myeloid leukemia K562 cells by DHA. Mitochondria are important regulators of both autophagy and apoptosis, and one of the triggers for mitochondrial dysfunction is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that the DHA-induced autophagy of leukemia K562 cells, whose intracellular organelles are primarily mitochondria, was ROS dependent. The autophagy of these cells was followed by LC3-II protein expression and caspase-3 activation. In addition, we demonstrated that inhibition of the proliferation of leukemia K562 cells by DHA is also dependent upon iron. This inhibition includes the down-regulation of TfR expression and the induction of K562 cell growth arrest in the G2/M phase.
Well-Defined (Co)polymers with 5-Vinyltetrazole Units via Combination of Atom Transfer Radical (Co)polymerization of Acrylonitrile and “Click Chemistry”-Type Postpolymerization Modification (2004)

Well-defined homo- and copolymers of acrylonitrile were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization, which were further modified using a "click chemistry" reaction with sodium azide and zinc chloride to yield polymeric materials with 5-vinyltetrazole units. Using optimized reaction conditions ([NaN3]:[ZnCl2]:[RCN] = 4:1:1 in DMF at 120degreesC for 48-50 h), essentially complete transformation of the nitrile groups was achieved, as judged from IR and C-13 NMR spectra. The produced tetrazole-containing polymers had markedly better solubility or swellability in protic solvents (methanol or aqueous base solutions) compared to the precursors. Random copolymers of acrylonitrile and styrene were also grown from polystyrene and silica particles with immobilized initiator groups and were similarly modified to the corresponding tetrazole-containing polymers. All materials were characterized by means of thermo-gravimetry, which showed that the polymeric tetrazoles started to decompose with evolution of significant amounts of gas at 120-190degreesC, i.e., at lower (by 60-130degreesC) temperature than the starting nitrile-based materials.
Secure communication in internet environments: a hierarchical key management scheme for end-to-end encryption (1989)

A hierarchical approach for key management is presented which utilizes the existing network specific protocols at the lower levels and protocols between authentication servers and/or control centers of different networks at the higher levels. Details of this approach are discussed for specific illustrative scenarios to demonstrate the implementation simplicity. A formal verification of the security of the resulting system in the sense of protecting the privacy of privileged information is also conducted by an axiomatic procedure utilizing certain combinatory logic principles. This approach is general and can be used for verifying the security of other existing key management schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Targeted expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in intracardiac grafts promotes vascular endothelial cell DNA synthesis. (1995)

Intracardiac grafts comprised of genetically modified skeletal myoblasts were assessed for their ability to effect long-term delivery of recombinant transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) to the heart. C2C12 myoblasts were stably transfected with a construct comprised of an inducible metallothionein promoter fused to a modified TGF-beta 1 cDNA. When cultured in medium supplemented with zinc sulfate, cells carrying this transgene constitutively secrete active TGF-beta 1. These genetically modified myoblasts were used to produce intracardiac grafts in syngeneic C3Heb/FeJ hosts. Viable grafts were observed as long as three months after implantation, and immunohistological analyses of mice maintained on water supplemented with zinc sulfate revealed the presence of grafted cells which stably expressed TGF-beta 1. Regions of apparent neovascularization, as evidenced by tritiated thymidine incorporation into vascular endothelial cells, were observed in the myocardium which bordered grafts expressing TGF-beta 1. The extent of vascular endothelial cell DNA synthesis could be modulated by altering dietary zinc. Similar effects on the vascular endothelial cells were not seen in mice with grafts comprised of nontransfected cells. This study indicates that genetically modified skeletal myoblast grafts can be used to effect the local, long-term delivery of recombinant molecules to the heart.
WaveScalar (2004)

Silicon technology continues to provide an exponential increase in the availability of raw transistors. Effectively translating this resource into application performance, however, is an open challenge. Ever increasing wire-delay relative to switching speed and the exponential cost of circuit complexity make simply scaling up existing processor designs futile. In this paper, we present an alternative to superscalar design, WaveScalar. WaveScalar is a dataflow instruction set architecture and execution model designed for scalable, low-complexity/high performance processors. WaveScalar is unique among dataflow architectures in efficiently providing traditional memory semantics. At last, a dataflow machine can run "real-world" programs, written in any language, without sacrificing parallelism. The WaveScalar ISA is designed to run on an intelligent memory system. Each instruction in a WaveScalar binary executes in place in the memory system and explicitly communicates with its dependents in dataflow fashion. WaveScalar architectures cache instructions and the values they operate on in a WaveCache, a simple grid of "alu-in-cache" nodes. By co-locating computation and data in physical space, the WaveCache minimizes long wire, high-latency communication. This paper introduces the WaveScalar instruction set and evaluates a simulated implementation based on current technology. Results for the SPEC and Mediabench applications demonstrate that the WaveCache out-performs an aggressively configured superscalar design by 2-7 times, with ample opportunities for future optimizations.