gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term in vivo expression of a murine adenosine deaminase gene in rhesus monkey hematopoietic cells of multiple lineages after retroviral mediated gene transfer into CD34+ bone marrow cells (1993)

Abstract Retroviral mediated gene transfer into stem cells has been proposed as therapy for many inherited hematopoietic diseases. Deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) results in depletion of T lymphocytes, causing severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCIDS). In this report, we describe retroviral mediated gene transfer of a murine ADA cDNA into Rhesus monkey hematopoietic stem cells. Immunoselected CD34+ bone marrow cells were exposed to medium containing the ADA retrovirus during culture on a stromal cell line engineered to express the transmembrane form of stem cell factor. After infusion of autologous, transduced cells into irradiated recipients, gene transfer was observed in all three monkeys. The ADA provirus was detected in 2% of circulating granulocytes and T cells from 100 days post-transplantation to longer than 1 year and in B cells from 250 days post-transplantation and beyond. Mouse ADA activity was detected in peripheral blood cells at approximately 3% the activity of monkey ADA. Thus, we have shown gene transfer into repopulating cells that contribute to all hematopoietic lineages with persistent gene expression. These data provide support for the use of stem cell targeted gene transfer for therapy of ADA deficiency.
Possible Clinical Application of a Noninvasive Monitoring Technique of Cartilage Damage in Pathological Knee Joints (1978)

Arthritis and other related joint disorders are, today, the most common nonfatal crippling diseases. In every case these joint diseases involve progressive destruction of the articular cartilage. At present, there is no available noninvasive clinical tool which will permit on-going objective evaluation of the relative degree of damage to the articular cartilage. The recently developed computer-aided, electro-acoustical technique, utilizing the acoustic energy emitted by the joint during active articulation, appears to be a promising noninvasive clinical tool. The recent addition of a three-dimensional spectral history plot graphically presents the extent and location of cartilage in a clinically related form.
Computer Circuits Electrical Design (1995)

1. Passive Device Modeling. 2. Circuit Simulation with SPICE. 3. System Noise Margin. 4. Digital Chip and Board Technologies. 5. Transmission Line Basics. 6. Signal Reflection Noise and Termination Schemes. 7. Crosstalk Noise. 8. Simultaneous Switching Noise. 9. Timing Analysis in Digital Circuits. 10. The Coaxial Cable. 11. Cooling and Reliability. 12. Electrical Design Processes.
[Isolation and properties of DNA polymerase from the extreme thermophilic bacterium Thermus ruber]. (1981)

A DNA-polymerase from the external thermophylic bacteria Thermus ruber has been isolated. A six-step purification procedure resulted in an electrophoretically homogeneous enzyme preparation with m. w. of 70 000. The isolated enzyme is thermostable and has a temperature optimum on DNA templates at 70 degrees and that on RNA templates at 50 degrees. The enzyme does not contain contaminant endo- and exonuclease activities. The maximal activity of the enzyme requires the presence of template, four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, monovalent and divalent cations in the incubation mixture. The catalytic activity of the enzyme on various templates of DNA- and RNA-types has been investigated. A comparative physico-chemical study of this DNA-polymerase and an analogous enzyme isolated earlier from the external thermophylic bacteria Thermus aquaticus YT-1 has been carried out.
Pick's disease associated with the novel Tau gene mutation K369I (2001)

Exonic and intronic mutations in Tau cause neurodegenerative syndromes characterized by frontotemporal dementia and filamentous tau protein deposits. We describe a K369I missense mutation in exon 12 of Tau in a patient with a pathology typical of sporadic Pick's disease. The proband presented with severe personality changes, followed by loss of cognitive function. Detailed postmortem examination of the brain showed atrophy, which was most pronounced in the temporal lobes; and numerous tau-immunoreactive Pick bodies and Pick cells in the neocortex and the hippocampal formation, as well as in subcortical brain regions. Their appearance and staining characteristics were indistinguishable from those of sporadic Pick's disease. However, immunoblot analysis of sarkosyl-insoluble tau showed three major bands of 60, 64, and 68 kDa, consistent with the presence of 3- and 4-repeat tau isoforms, as in Alzheimer's disease. Isolated tau filaments were irregularly twisted ribbons, with a small number of Alzheimer-type paired helical filaments. In the presence of heparin, tau proteins with the K369I mutation formed short, slender filaments. Biochemically, recombinant tau proteins with the K369I mutation showed reduced ability to promote microtubule assembly, suggesting that this may be the primary effect of the mutation by providing a pool of aberrant tau for filament assembly. Taken together, results indicate that the K369I mutation in Tau can cause a dementing disease with a neuropathology like that of Pick's disease.
An FPGA-based In-Line Accelerator for Memcached (2013)

We present a method for accelerating server applications using a hybrid CPU+FPGA architecture and demonstrate its advantages by accelerating Memcached, a distributed key-value system. The accelerator, implemented on the FPGA fabric, processes request packets directly from the network, avoiding the CPU in most cases. The accelerator is created by profiling the application to determine the most commonly executed trace of basic blocks which are then extracted. Traces are executed speculatively within the FPGA. If the control flow exits the trace prematurely, the side effects of the computation are rolled back and the request packet is passed to the CPU. When compared to the best reported software numbers, the Memcached accelerator is 9.15× more energy efficient for common case requests.
Selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists: potential therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders with cognitive dysfunction. (2008)

Cognitive impairment is one of the most functionally debilitating aspects of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, despite treatment with available pharmacotherapies. There is emerging evidence that nicotine improves cognitive function in humans and nonhuman species and this has sparked interest in the development of novel nicotinic treatments for cognitive dysfunction. The examination of selective alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists suggests that both receptor subtypes mediate improvement in attention, learning and working memory. When compared with available pharmacotherapies, specific nAChR agonists may represent unique targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders that feature cognitive impairment as a key symptom.
A Real-Time PCR Antibiogram for Drug-Resistant Sepsis (2011)

Current molecular diagnostic techniques for susceptibility testing of septicemia rely on genotyping for the presence of known resistance cassettes. This technique is intrinsically vulnerable due to the inability to detect newly emergent resistance genes. Traditional phenotypic susceptibility testing has always been a superior method to assay for resistance; however, relying on the multi-day growth period to determine which antimicrobial to administer jeopardizes patient survival. These factors have resulted in the widespread and deleterious use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. The real-time PCR antibiogram, described herein, combines universal phenotypic susceptibility testing with the rapid diagnostic capabilities of PCR. We have developed a procedure that determines susceptibility by monitoring pathogenic load with the highly conserved 16S rRNA gene in blood samples exposed to different antimicrobial drugs. The optimized protocol removes heme and human background DNA from blood, which allows standard real-time PCR detection systems to be employed with high sensitivity (<100 CFU/mL). Three strains of E. coli, two of which were antimicrobial resistant, were spiked into whole blood and exposed to three different antibiotics. After real-time PCR-based determination of pathogenic load, a ΔC(t)<3.0 between untreated and treated samples was found to indicate antimicrobial resistance (P<0.01). Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for susceptible bacteria and pan-bacterial detection was demonstrated with 3 gram-negative and 2 gram-positive bacteria. Species identification was performed via analysis of the hypervariable amplicons. In summary, we have developed a universal diagnostic phenotyping technique that assays for the susceptibility of drug-resistant septicemia with the speed of PCR. The real-time PCR antibiogram achieves detection, susceptibility testing, minimum inhibitory concentration determination, and identification in less than 24 hours.
Population-genomic variation within RNA viruses of the Western honey bee, Apis mellifera, inferred from deep sequencing (2013)

This initial survey of genetic variation within honey bee RNA viruses suggests future directions for studies examining the underlying causes of population-genetic structure in these economically important pathogens.
The rate of oxygen uptake by human red blood cells. (1979)

Oxygen uptake into intact and reconstituted human red blood cells was measured using dual wavelength, stopped flow techniques. The rate of oxygen uptake by human erythrocytes is roughly 40 times slower (t 1/2 congruent to 80 ms at 0.125 mM O2, 25 degrees C) than the corresponding rate of oxygen combination with free hemoglobin. Oxygen transport through the red cell cytoplasm accounts for part of this difference and predicts a half-time of uptake of about 15 ms, which is still 5 times smaller than that observed experimentally. Further limitation of uptake appears to be due to the presence of unstirred layers of solvent adjacent to the red cell surface. Very rapidly after mixing, these layers form and become depleted of O2 due to uptake by the cells. This requires that the bulk of the oxygen molecules must diffuse over rather large distances, 1.0 to 5.0 micrometer, before they can penetrate the erythrocytes. A mathematical model was developed to take into account diffusion through an unstirred solvent layer which increases in thickness with time. This scheme can account quantitatively both for the dependence of the apparent rate of uptake on O2 concentration and for the shape of the observed time courses. In addition, the diffusion parameters which were developed for the O2 reaction can also be used to describe quantitatively the rates and time courses of CO and ethyl isocyanide uptake and the rates and time courses of O2 release from cells in the presence of sodium dithionite. Finally, the parameters used to describe the stopped flow results can also be used to simulate quantitatively O2 uptake time courses obtained from previous studies with thin films of red cells (Sinha, A. K. (1969) Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, San Francisco; Thews, G. (1959) Arch. Gesamte Physiol. Mens. Tiere (Pflufgers) 268, 308-317).
New RIA Kit for the Determination of Progesterone in Cows' Milk (2006)

A new, single-step, specific, simple, economical, and ready to use RIA test for the determination of progesterone in cow's milk was developed. Tubes coated with the specific polyclonal anti-progesterone antibody and progesterone-CMO-125I-histamine as the tracer were used. Progesterone in buffer and fat-free cow's milk, without progesterone were the matrix for the standard curve preparation. Fifty microL of milk and 500 microL of tracer were incubated in the tube for 2 h at room temperature, decanted, and coated. Assay range was 0-270 nmol of progesterone x 1(-1); sensitivity, <1 nmol x 1(-1); recovery, 94-104%; precision as CV%, 2.44-6%.
Increased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and decreased 5-methylcytosine are indicators of global epigenetic dysregulation in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (2014)

Our findings extend the immunohistochemical study of epigenetic alterations in archival tissue to DIPG specimens. Low H3K27me3, decreased 5mC and increased 5hmC are characteristic of DIPG in comparison with extrapontine GBM. In DIPG, the relative imbalance of 5mC compared to 5hmC may represent an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
CpG‐containing synthetic oligonucleotides promote B and cytotoxic T cell responses to protein antigen: A new class of vaccine adjuvants (1997)

Foreign DNA has been shown to impinge on immune cell function by an as yet unidentified mechanism. We and others have demonstrated that single-stranded (ss) DNA containing the motif CpG flanked by two 5' purines and two 3' pyrimidines are mitogenic for B cells and activate macrophages to release tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-6 or IL-12. Because of these pro-inflammatory responses we investigated if ssDNA would serve as a potential vaccine adjuvant. Here we show that CpG-containing oligonucleotides represent a powerful adjuvant for both humoral and cellular immune responses. When ssDNA was incorporated into inocula, specific antibody titers of the IgG2 isotype were enhanced by greater than 100-fold. Primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses generated to either unprocessed protein antigen or major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted peptide were exceedingly strong. Evidence is also provided that oligomers directly influenced T cell receptor-triggered T cell proliferation. Thus ssDNA oligomers may serve as inexpensive and safe vaccine adjuvants and, in addition, differential effects due to sequence may allow for directed responses.
Hydroxyapatite cement to repair skull base defects: radiologic appearance. (1996)

HAC is a valuable addition to the surgical armamentarium for the repair of skull base defects. More experience will determine the time course for normal osseointegration, as well as the typical appearance of infection.
Concurrent delivery of GM‐CSF and endostatin genes by a single adenoviral vector provides a synergistic effect on the treatment of orthotopic liver tumors (2003)

The experimental results suggest that the combined gene therapy against tumor cells and the tumor vascular system using antitumor immune mechanisms and anti-angiogenic mechanisms holds promise as a strategy for treating cancers.
Involvement of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Innate Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (2001)

The mammalian Toll-like receptor 4, TLR4, is an important component in the innate immune response to gram-negative bacterial infection. The role of TLR4 in antiviral immunity has been largely unexplored. In this study, the in vivo immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus infection were examined in TLR4-deficient (C57BL/10ScNCr) and TLR4-expressing (C57BL/10Sn) mice. TLR4-deficient mice challenged with RSV, but not influenza virus, exhibited impaired natural killer (NK) cell and CD14(+) cell pulmonary trafficking, deficient NK cell function, impaired interleukin-12 expression, and impaired virus clearance compared to mice expressing TLR4. These findings suggest that Toll signaling pathways have an important role in innate immunity to RSV.
Characteristics of backup workloads in production systems (2012)

Data-protection class workloads, including backup and long-term retention of data, have seen a strong industry shift from tape-based platforms to disk-based systems. But the latter are traditionally designed to serve as primary storage and there has been little published analysis of the characteristics of backup workloads as they relate to the design of disk-based systems. In this paper, we present a comprehensive characterization of backup workloads by analyzing statistics and content metadata collected from a large set of EMC Data Domain backup systems in production use. This analysis is both broad (encompassing statistics from over 10,000 systems) and deep (using detailed metadata traces from several production systems storing almost 700TB of backup data). We compare these systems to a detailed study of Microsoft primary storage systems [22], showing that backup storage differs significantly from their primary storage workload in the amount of data churn and capacity requirements as well as the amount of redundancy within the data. These properties bring unique challenges and opportunities when designing a disk-based filesystem for backup workloads, which we explore in more detail using the metadata traces. In particular, the need to handle high churn while leveraging high data redundancy is considered by looking at deduplication unit size and caching efficiency.
Results of an efficacy trial with an outer membrane vesicle vaccine against systemic serogroup B meningococcal disease in Norway. (1991)

A placebo controlled, double blind efficacy trial with a new outer membrane vesicle vaccine against systemic meningococcal disease of serogroup B, has been conducted in Norwegian secondary schools. The study was randomized at school level (1335 schools) and 171,800 students volunteered. The study started in October 1988 and the code was opened in June 1991. Out of the thirty-six proven cases of acute, severe, systemic disease caused by serogroup B meningococci among the participants, twelve occurred in eleven schools given vaccine, twenty-four in twenty-four schools given placebo. twenty-four cases were recorded among secondary school students who did not participate in the study. The protection rate was calculated to 57.4% with a p-value of 1.2% and lower limit of confidence (95%) to 27.7%. The results have initiated research towards an improved outer membrane vesicle vaccine against this disease.
A Ring-Based 25 Gb/s DAC-Less PAM-4 Modulator (2016)

A novel PAM-4 12.5 Gbaud/s inter-coupling modulator based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer assisted ring resonator is demonstrated. The 25 Gb/s PAM-4 optical signal is generated by driving the modulator with two independent electrical signals with an amplitude of 3 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> at 2 V reverse bias. Reverse bias operation mode of the modulator enables achieving an electro-optic (EO) bandwidth of approximately 14 GHz without preemphasis of the electrical driving signals or equalization techniques. This configuration successfully simplifies the operation of the modulator in generating PAM-4 signals without the need for a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Experimental results show proper generation of a PRBS data stream. The proposed modulator has a compact footprint of 0.48 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a bandwidth density of 52.08 Gb/s/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Gene Transfer and Expression in Mammalian Cell Lines and Transgenic Animals (2004)

Manipulation of the eukaryotic genome not only has contributed to the progress in our knowledge of multicellular organisms but has also ameliorated our experimental strategies. Biological questions can now be addressed with more efficiency and reproducibility. There are new and varied strategies for gene transfer with improved methodologies that facilitate the acquisition of results. Cellular systems and transgenic animals have demonstrated their invaluable benefits. This chapter presents an overview of the methods of gene transfer, with particular attention to cultured cell lines. Alternative strategies of gene transfer are also shown and the applications of such methods are discussed. Finally, several comments are made about the influence of chromatin structure on gene expression. Recent experimental data have shown that for convenient stable transgene expression, the influence of chromatin structure should be seriously taken into account. Novel chromatin regulatory and structural elements are proposed as an alternative for proper and sustained gene expression. These chromatin elements are facing a new era in transgenesis and we are probably beginning a new generation of gene and cancer therapy vectors.
Characterization of Ca(2+)-inhibited potassium channels in the LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line. (1999)

Potassium plasma membrane channels have been studied in the LNCaP androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line, derived from a lymph node of a subject with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Membrane currents were recorded by the patchclamp technique, using the cell-attached, cell-free and whole-cell mode. A voltage-dependent, non-inactivating potassium channel (delayed rectifier) was the most commonly observed ion channel in LNCaP cells. The slope conductance of K+ channels in a symmetrical 140 mM K+ gradient was 78 pS. In excised inside-out patches, the channel was inhibited by increasing the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration (with half-block at 0.5 microM Ca2+) over a wide range of membrane potentials. The K+ channel had a high sensitivity to tetraethylammonium (TEA), that reduced the single channel conductance with Kd of 280 +/- 27 microM. The K+ channel open probability was inhibited by alpha-dendrotoxin (DTX) (with a half-blocking concentration of approximately 5 nM) and mast cell degranulating peptide (MCDP) (with half-blocking concentration of approximately 70 nM) at all membrane potentials and with very slow reversibility. In view of the biophysical and pharmacological properties of K+ channels in LNCaP cells, it is not possible to classify these channels as one of the previously characterized types of voltage- or ligand-gated K+ channels in other cell lines.
Metalloprotease-disintegrins: modular proteins capable of promoting cell-cell interactions and triggering signals by protein-ectodomain shedding (1999)

Metalloprotease-disintegrins (ADAMs) have captured our attention as key players in fertilization and in the processing of the ectodomains of proteins such as tumor necrosis factor (&agr;) (TNF(&agr;)), and because of their roles in Notch-mediated signaling, neurogenesis and muscle fusion. ADAMs are integral membrane glycoproteins that contain a disintegrin domain, which is related to snake-venom integrin ligands, and a metalloprotease domain (which can contain or lack a catalytic site). Here, we review and critically discuss current topics in the ADAMs field, including the central role of fertilin in fertilization, the role of the TNF(&agr;) convertase in protein ectodomain processing, the role of Kuzbanian in Notch signaling, and links between ADAMs and processing of the amyloid-precursor protein.
A Three-Bit Monolithic Phase Shifter at V-Band (1987)

This paper describes the design and performance of a three-bit monolithic phase shifter at V-band. The selected circuit approach was a reflection phase shifter with switched delay lines. Schottky diodes were used as the switching elements. Tested at 62.5 GHz, the RMS phase error was 2.7°, the insertion loss 10.8 +- 1.8 dB (including fixture loss), and the VSWR was better than 2.1:1. The maximum DC power requirement was 40 mW.