gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-linked hemoglobins as potential plasma protein extenders. (1975)

Reaction of hemoglobin solutions with members of a class of diimidate esters leads to the formation of cross-linked intermolecular or intramolecular complexes depending on the relative concentration of hemoglobin and the length of the carbon chain of the imidate esters. The products have a life-span in the circulation of rabbits significantly greater than that of unmodified hemoglobin and it is suggested that they may serve as plasma protein extenders.
Electrical Transport in Rings of Single-Wall Nanotubes: One-Dimensional Localization (2000)

We report low-temperature magnetoresistance (MR) measurements on rings of single-wall carbon nanotubes. Negative MR characteristic of weak one-dimensional localization is clearly observed from 3.0 to 60 K, and the coherence length L(varphi) is obtained as a function of temperature. The dominant dephasing mechanism is identified as electron-electron scattering. Below 1 K, we observe a transition from weak to strong localization, and below 0.7 K a weak antilocalization is induced by spin-orbit scattering.
Induction of macrophage apoptosis byBordetella pertussisadenylate cyclase-hemolysin (1995)

We previously demonstrated that Bordetella pertussis induced macrophage apoptosis and that adenylate cyclase-hemolysin expression is required for this phenomenon. In order to determine a role for other B. pertussis factors, such as pertussis toxin or the adhesins, pertactin and filamentous hemagglutinin, we compared mutants deficient in adhesin expression or purified proteins for their ability to induce cell death. We showed that only purified adenylate cyclase-hemolysin, but neither adhesins, nor pertussis toxin, killed macrophages through apoptosis. We also demonstrated that all activities of adenylate cyclase-hemolysin were required. Moreover, our results indicate that B. pertussis does not have to invade cells to be lethal.
The transcriptional apparatus of chloroplasts (1992)

Abstract The transcription of genes encoded by the chloroplast genome relies on the activity of a chloroplast‐specific, DNA‐dependent RNA polymerase. This activity was characterized in its soluble and in its DNA‐bound form. The plastome genes rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, and rpoC2 were identified as coding for the subunits, α, ß, ß, and ß”;, respectively, of the chloroplast RNA polymerase by sequence similarity of the encoded peptides with their bacterial counterparts. Expression of the rpo genes was confirmed by detection of the corresponding subunits in highly purified preparations from maize chloroplasts and by Western blotting of crude extracts with antisera raised against individual subunits. Transcription initiation is governed by sigma‐like factors (probably not encoded in the plastome) and by promoters that resemble those associated with prokaryotic genes. Recent data concerning actively transcribed genes within plastomes that have suffered a complete loss of RNA polymerase genes highlight the possibility of additional nuclear‐encoded forms of this essential enzyme.
The Common γ Chain (γc) Is a Required Signaling Component of the IL-21 Receptor and Supports IL-21-Induced Cell Proliferation via JAK3 (2002)

The common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma c), an essential component of the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15, is critical for the development and function of lymphocytes. Recently, a novel lymphokine (IL-21) and its receptor (IL-21R alpha) were described which profoundly affect the growth and activation state of B, T, and NK cells in concert with other lymphokines or stimuli [Parrish-Novak, J., et al. (2000) Nature 408, 57-63]. In this report, we show that gamma c is also a required signaling component of the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) using the gamma c-deficient X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) lymphoblastoid cell line JT, and JT cells reconstituted with gamma c (JT/gamma c). Moreover, we demonstrate a functional requirement for both gamma c and the gamma c-associated Janus family tyrosine kinase 3 (JAK3) in IL-21-induced proliferation of pro-B-lymphoid cells engineered to express human IL-21R alpha (BaF3/IL-21R alpha). Retroviral-mediated transduction of wild-type gamma c into XSCID JT cells restored function to the IL-21R, as shown by IL-21-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3, and downstream activation of STAT5, in JT/gamma c cells as well as BaF3/IL-21R alpha and primary splenic B cells. In contrast, IL-21 failed to activate the JAK-STAT pathway in nonreconstituted JT cells. Monoclonal antibodies specific for the gamma c chain effectively inhibited IL-21-induced growth of BaF3/IL-21R alpha cells, supporting a functional role for this molecule in the IL-21R complex. In addition, the specific JAK3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor WHI-P131 significantly reduced IL-21-induced proliferation of BaF3/IL-21R alpha cells. Taken together, these results definitively demonstrate that IL-21-mediated signaling requires the gamma c chain, and indicate that JAK3 is an essential transducer of gamma c-dependent survival and/or mitogenic signals induced by this cytokine.
A New Peak-to-Average Power-Ratio Reduction Algorithm for OFDM Systems via Constellation Extension (2007)

Peak-to-average power-ratio (PAPR) reduction for OFDM systems is investigated in a probabilistic framework. A new constellation extension technique is developed whereby the data for each subcarrier are represented either by points in the original constellation or by extended points. An optimal representation of the OFDM signal is achieved by using a de-randomization algorithm where the conditional probability involved is handled by using the Chernoff bound and the evaluation of the many hyperbolic cosine functions involved is replaced by a tight upper bound for these functions. The proposed algorithm can be used by itself or be combined with a selective rotation technique described in the paper and with other known algorithms such as the coordinate descent optimization and selective mapping algorithms to achieve further performance enhancements at the cost of a slight increase in the computational complexity. When compared with other existing PAPR-reduction algorithms, the enhanced algorithm offers improved PAPR-reduction performance and improved computational complexity although, the transmit power is increased somewhat
CrmE, a Novel Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Encoded by Poxviruses (2001)

Cytokines and chemokines play a critical role in both the innate and acquired immune responses and constitute prime targets for pathogen sabotage. Molecular mimicry of cytokines and cytokine receptors is a mechanism encoded by large DNA viruses to modulate the host immune response. Three tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) have been identified in the poxvirus cowpox virus. Here we report the identification and characterization of a fourth distinct soluble TNFR, named cytokine response modifier E (CrmE), encoded by cowpox virus. The crmE gene has been sequenced in strains of the orthopoxviruses cowpox virus, ectromelia virus, and camelpox virus, and was found to be active in cowpox virus. crmE is expressed as a secreted 18-kDa protein with TNF binding activity. CrmE was produced in the baculovirus and vaccinia virus expression systems and was shown to bind human, mouse, and rat TNF, but not human lymphotoxin alpha, conjugates of lymphotoxins alpha and beta, or seven other ligands of the TNF superfamily. However, CrmE protects cells only from the cytolytic activity of human TNF. CrmE is a new member of the TNFR superfamily which is expressed as a soluble molecule that blocks the binding of TNF to high-affinity TNFRs on the cell surface. The remarkable finding of a fourth poxvirus-encoded TNFR suggests that modulation of TNF activity is complex and represents a novel viral immune evasion mechanism.
Scaling advantages of all-to-all connectivity in physical annealers: the Coherent Ising Machine vs. D-Wave 2000Q (2018)

Physical annealing systems provide a heuristic approach to solve NP-hard Ising optimization problems. It is believed that the connectivity between spins in such annealers significantly impacts the machine's computational effectiveness. In this paper we study the performance of two types of annealing machines that have very different connectivity -- a commercially available quantum annealer built by D-wave Systems, which has sparse connectivity, and coherent Ising machines based on optical parametric oscillator networks, which have all-to-all connectivity. We demonstrate an exponential (e^(−O(N^2))) penalty in performance for the D-wave quantum annealer relative to coherent Ising machines when solving Ising problems on dense graphs, which is attributable to the differences in internal connectivity between the machines. This leads to a several-orders-of-magnitude time-to-solution difference between coherent Ising machines and the D-wave system for problems with over 50 vertices. Our results provide strong experimental support to efforts to increase the connectivity of physical annealers.
cDNA Cloning of Sesquiterpene Cyclase and Squalene Synthase, and Expression of the Genes in Potato Tuber Infected with Phytophthora infestans (1999)

Sesquiterpene cyclase and squalene synthase are key branch point enzymes in isoprenoid pathway for the synthesis of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins and sterols/steroid glycoalkaloids, respectively. cDNA clones encoding these enzymes were isolated from potato. A phylogenetic tree showed that the sesquiterpene cyclase is vetispiradiene synthase. Infection of Phytophthora infestans with potato tubers caused transient increases in the transcript level of vetispiradiene synthase in a compatible and an incompatible interactions. On the other hand, wound-induced expression of the squalene synthase was suppressed in favor of the expression of vetispiradiene synthase regardless of inoculated races.
Advances in molecular carcinogenesis: current and future use of mouse models to screen and validate molecularly targeted anticancer drugs (2004)

Survival of patients with advanced solid tumors has not significantly improved over the past 30 years. Although molecularly targeted anticancer drugs offer promise, few drugs make it through the end of the Food and Drug Administration approval process. Animal models that more closely resemble human carcinogenesis may bridge the gap between preclinical success and benefits for patients. We discuss pros and cons of several mouse models, including genetically engineered mice that each represent different aspects of human cancer, and the screening of targeted drugs in these models.
User Activity Recognition in Smart Homes Using Pattern Clustering Applied to Temporal ANN Algorithm (2015)

This paper discusses the possibility of recognizing and predicting user activities in the IoT (Internet of Things) based smart environment. The activity recognition is usually done through two steps: activity pattern clustering and activity type decision. Although many related works have been suggested, they had some limited performance because they focused only on one part between the two steps. This paper tries to find the best combination of a pattern clustering method and an activity decision algorithm among various existing works. For the first step, in order to classify so varied and complex user activities, we use a relevant and efficient unsupervised learning method called the K-pattern clustering algorithm. In the second step, the training of smart environment for recognizing and predicting user activities inside his/her personal space is done by utilizing the artificial neural network based on the Allen's temporal relations. The experimental results show that our combined method provides the higher recognition accuracy for various activities, as compared with other data mining classification algorithms. Furthermore, it is more appropriate for a dynamic environment like an IoT based smart home.
A cyclohexane-1,2-diyldinitrilotetraacetate tetrahydroxamate derivative for actinide complexation: synthesis and complexation studies (2000)

A new tetrahydroxamate ligand has been synthesized and its chelating properties studied, in aqueous solutions, with thorium(IV) and iron(III) as analogues of the actinides plutonium(IV) and (to some extent) americium(III). The architecture of this ligand is based on that of the cyclohexane-1,2-diyldinitrilotetraacetate complexone with hydroxamate instead of carboxylate groups. It has proven to form quite stable and water soluble complexes with these metal ions, up to pH 9. Besides the 1∶1 (M∶L) monomeric species formed under acidic conditions, the corresponding (2∶2) dimeric complexes may also be admitted under physiological conditions. According to the magnetic properties and modelling calculations, the iron(III) dimer species should have some magnetic interaction between the metallic centres.
A transcriptional coactivator, AtGIF1, is involved in regulating leaf growth and morphology in Arabidopsis (2004)

Previously, we described the AtGRF [Arabidopsis thaliana growth-regulating factor (GRF)] gene family, which encodes putative transcription factors that play a regulatory role in growth and development of leaves and cotyledons. We demonstrate here that the C-terminal region of GRF proteins has transactivation activity. In search of partner proteins for GRF1, we identified another gene family, GRF-interacting factor (GIF), which comprises three members. Sequence and molecular analysis showed that GIF1 is a functional homolog of the human SYT transcription coactivator. We found that the N-terminal region of GIF1 protein was involved in the interaction with GRF1. To understand the biological function of GIF1, we isolated a loss-of-function mutant of GIF1 and prepared transgenic plants subject to GIF1-specific RNA interference. Like grf mutants, the gif1 mutant and transgenic plants developed narrower leaves and petals than did wild-type plants, and combinations of gif1 and grf mutations showed a cooperative effect. The narrow leaf phenotype of gif1, as well as that of the grf triple mutant, was caused by a reduction in cell numbers along the leaf-width axis. We propose that GRF1 and GIF1 act as transcription activator and coactivator, respectively, and that they are part of a complex involved in regulating the growth and shape of leaves and petals.
Recent advances in optical technologies for data centers: a review (2018)

Modern data centers increasingly rely on interconnects for delivering critical communications connectivity among numerous servers, memory, and computation resources. Data center interconnects turned to optical communications almost a decade ago, and the recent acceleration in data center requirements is expected to further drive photonic interconnect technologies deeper into the systems architecture. This review paper analyzes optical technologies that will enable next-generation data center optical interconnects. Recent progress addressing the challenges of terabit/s links and networks at the laser, modulator, photodiode, and switch levels is reported and summarized.
The N-terminal Arg2, Arg3 and Arg4 of human lactoferrin interact with sulphated molecules but not with the receptor present on Jurkat human lymphoblastic T-cells (1997)

We previously characterized a 105 kDa receptor for human lactoferrin (hLf) on Jurkat human lymphoblastic T-cells. To delineate the role of the basic cluster Arg2-Arg3-Arg4-Arg5 of hLf in the interaction with Jurkat cells, we isolated N-terminally deleted hLf species of molecular mass 80 kDa lacking two, three or four N-terminal residues (hLf-2N, hLf-3N and hLf-4N) from native hLf that had been treated with trypsin. Native hLf bound to 102000 sites on Jurkat cells with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 70 nM. Consecutive removal of N-terminal arginine residues from hLf progressively increased the binding affinity but decreased the number of binding sites on the cells. A recombinant hLF mutant lacking the first five N-terminal residues (rhLf-5N) bound to 17000 sites with a Kd of 12 nM. The binding parameters of bovine lactoferrin (Lf) and native hLf did not significantly differ, whereas the binding parameters of murine Lf (8000 sites; Kd 30 nM) resembled those of rhLf-5N. Culture of Jurkat cells in the presence of chlorate, which inhibits sulphation, decreased the number of binding sites for both native hLf and hLf-3N but not for rhLf-5N, indicating that the hLf-binding sites include sulphated molecules. We propose that the interaction of hLf with a large number of binding sites (approx. 80000 per cell) on Jurkat cells is dependent on Arg2-Arg3-Arg4, but not on Arg5. Interaction with approx. 20000 binding sites per cell, presumably the hLf receptor, does not require the first N-terminal basic cluster of hLf. Moreover, the affinity of hLf for the latter binding site is enhanced approx. 6-fold after removal of the first basic cluster. Thus N-terminal proteolysis of hLf in vivo might serve to modulate the nature of its binding to cells and thereby its effects on cellular physiology.
Combined BRAF and MEK Inhibition in Melanoma with BRAF V600 Mutations (2012)

Dabrafenib and trametinib were safely combined at full monotherapy doses. The rate of pyrexia was increased with combination therapy, whereas the rate of proliferative skin lesions was nonsignificantly reduced. Progression-free survival was significantly improved. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01072175.).
A Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of squalamine, an aminosterol angiogenesis inhibitor. (2003)

At the recommended Phase II dose of 500 mg/m(2)/day, squalamine is well tolerated and results in plasma concentrations at least an order of magnitude higher than those required for prominent antiangiogenic effects in preclinical studies.
Macromolecular mechanisms of sputum inhibition of tobramycin activity (1995)

Tobramycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is used in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Tobramycin bioactivity, however, is antagonized by sputum. Glycoproteins (mucins) and high-molecular-weight DNA make up 2 to 3% (P. L. Masson and J. F. Heremans, p. 412-475, In M. J. Dulfano, ed., Sputum: Fundamentals and Clinical Pathology, 1973) and 3 to 10% (W. S. Chernick and G. J. Barbero, Pediatrics 24:739-745, 1959, and R. Picot, I. Das, and L. Reid, Thorax 33:235-242, 1978) of the dry weight of sputum, respectively. tobramycin binds to both mucins and DNA obtained from sputum (R. Ramphal, M. Lhermitte, M. Filliat, and P. Roussel, J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 22:483-490, 1988). In vitro, recombinant human DNase (rhDNase) hydrolyzes high-molecular-weight DNA of > 50 kb within sputum to fragments of 2 to 4 kb. Studying dialyzable tobramycin, we examined drug binding to whole sputum and to "mock sputum," which consisted of porcine gastric mucin and calf thymus DNA. We also studied the effects of rhDNase treatments of sputum, mock sputum, and calf thymus DNA on tobramycin binding. We found that treatments of sputum, mock sputum, and calf thymus DNA with rhDNase did not significantly increase the tobramycin bioactivity within the dialysates; surprisingly, sputum binding of tobramycin was increased by rhDNase. We conclude that rhDNase does not increase the bioactivity of tobramycin in sputum.
Franck Lessay, Le débat Locke-Filmer. Avec la traduction du Patriarcha [de Robert Filmer] et du Premier traité du gouvernement civil [de John Locke] (2001)

Berten André. Franck Lessay, Le débat Locke-Filmer. Avec la traduction du Patriarcha [de Robert Filmer] et du Premier traité du gouvernement civil [de John Locke]. In: Revue Philosophique de Louvain. Quatrième série, tome 99, n°1, 2001. pp. 115-116.
니치 SNS의 친밀도 요소 분석을 통한 사용자 니즈에 관한 연구 (2013)

인터넷의 보급과 소셜 미디어의 등장으로 인하여 사람들의 인맥 관계형성의 방법은 오프라인 기반에서 온라인을 통한 인맥형성 방식으로 전환 되었다. 이러한 혁신적 변화는 트위터, 페이스북과 같은 SNS(Social Network Service)가 활성화 될 수 있는 기반이 되었고, 이들 SNS는 엄청난 가입자 수를 바탕으로 거대 커뮤니케이션 도구로서 자리 잡았다. 이들 메이저급 SNS는 질 보다는 양적인 발전을 이뤄왔으며 더 많은 사용자를 확보하기 위해 특정 유형의 소수 사용자들의 성향과 니즈(Needs) 보다는 불특정 다수의 니즈를 반영하는 방향으로 발전되어 왔다. ‘니즈’(Needs)는 소비자가 느끼는 막연한 욕구와 문제점 인식으로 정의 된다. 하지만 최근 들어 이러한 메이저급 SNS의 양적 성장 정책은 필요 없는 인맥까지 관리해야만 하는 스트레스와 개성없는 일반적인 콘텐츠 제공으로 인해 사용자의 흥미 감소와 비판의 대상이 되고 있다. 특히 최대의 SNS인 페이스북의 경우, ‘페이스북 피로증후군(Facebook Fatigue Syndrome)’을 호소하며 자신의 계정을 폐쇄하거나 사용시간을 대폭 줄이려는 이용자들이 뚜렷한 증가세를 나타내고 있다. (CNN, 2011) 이는 페이스북이 양적으로 성장함에 따라 사용자의 니즈는 반비례하고 있음을 입증하고 있는 것이다. 사람들은 온라인상의 인맥관계에 있어서 많은 사람과의 관계를 지양하고 소수일지라도 공통된 관심사를 나누고 가까이 만날 수 있는 사람들과의 질적 관계의 소통을 원하고 있다. 이런 이유로 등장한 것이 ‘니치 소셜 네트워크 서비스(Niche Social Network Service)’이다. 니치 소셜 네트워크 서비스는 특정 이용자층을 겨냥한 소규모 SNS이다. 니치소셜 네트워크 서비스를 통하여 충족되고 있는 사용자들의 니즈는 대인관계 이론 중 친밀성의 요소와 일치한다. 본 연구에서는 대인관계의 상호 친밀도를 결정짓는 요소인 ‘근접성’, ‘친숙성’, ‘유사성’, ‘보상성’을 바탕으로 니치 SNS 사례를 분류하고 기존 메이저급 SNS가 갖지 못하는 니치 SNS의 특성을 연구함으로서, 니치 SNS에 의해 SNS 사용자들의 니즈가 충족되는 원리를 분석한다. 이로써, 본 연구는 SNS 사용자들의 니즈를 충족시킬 방향에 대하여 제안한다.
Theory of Highly Directional Emission from a Single Subwavelength Aperture Surrounded by Surface Corrugations (2003)

We present a theoretical foundation for the beaming of light displayed by a single subwavelength aperture in an appropriately corrugated metal film [H. J. Lezec, Science 297, 820 (2002)]]. Good agreement is found between calculations and experimental data. We show that beaming is due to the formation of electromagnetic surface resonances and that the beam direction, width, and wavelength at which it occurs can be selected by tuning geometrical parameters of the structure.
The Clinical Evolution of Lyme Arthritis (1987)

To determine the clinical evolution of Lyme arthritis, 55 patients who did not receive antibiotic therapy for erythema chronicum migrans were followed longitudinally for a mean duration of 6 years. Of the 55 patients, 11 (20%) had no subsequent manifestations of Lyme disease. From 1 day to 8 weeks after disease onset, 10 of the patients (18%) began to have brief episodes of joint, periarticular, or musculoskeletal pain for as long as 6 years, but they never developed objective joint abnormalities. From 4 days to 2 years after disease onset, 28 (51%) had one episode or began to have intermittent attacks of frank arthritis, primarily in large joints; a few had polyarticular movement. The total number of these patients who continued to have recurrences decreased by 10% to 20% each year. The remaining 6 patients (11%) developed chronic synovitis later in the illness; of these, 2 (4%) had erosions, and 1 (2%), permanent joint disability. The spectrum of Lyme arthritis ranges from subjective joint pain, to intermittent attacks of arthritis, to chronic erosive disease.
Wide tunable double ring resonator coupled lasers (2002)

A double ring resonator coupled laser (DR-RCL) is proposed and analyzed in this letter. Benefiting from the uniform peak transmission, narrow bandwidth and other superior characteristics of traveling wave supported high-Q resonators, DR-RCLs offers many promising advantages over the conventional tunable lasers, including ultra wide wavelength tuning range, high side mode suppression ratio, uniform threshold and efficiency, narrow linewidth, low frequency chirp, and simple fabrication. A DR-RCL with a moderate optical loss /spl sim/10 dB/cm in the ring resonators can achieve a wavelength tuning enhancement of /spl sim/50. With such a large tuning leverage, DR-RCLs could utilize the electrooptic effects to achieve ultrafast tuning speed with a wide tuning range covering the material gain bandwidth.
Mesothelin-MUC16 binding is a high affinity, N-glycan dependent interaction that facilitates peritoneal metastasis of ovarian tumors (2006)

The strong binding kinetics of the mesothelin-MUC16 interaction and the cell adhesion between ovarian tumor cells and A431-Meso+ even in the presence of peritoneal fluid strongly support the importance of these two glycoproteins in the peritoneal metastasis of ovarian tumors. The demonstration that N-linked glycans are essential for mediating mesothlein-MUC16 binding may lead to novel therapeutic targets to control the spread of ovarian carcinoma.