gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gold(I) and Platinum(II) Tetracenes and Tetracenyldiacetylides: Structural and Fluorescence Color Changes Induced by σ-Metalation (2010)

σ-Metalation of tetracene can change the emission color of and introduce new structural dimensionality to the organic chromophore. Two synthetic entries to σ-metallotetracenes have been explored, leading to emissive mononuclear (Ph3PAuI)-tetracene (1) and cis-[Br(Et3P)2PtII]-tetracene (2) and binuclear (R3PAuI)2-tetracenyldiacetylide (R = Ph (4), Me (5)) and trans-[I(Et3P)2PtII]2-tetracenyldiacetylide (6). Metalation can lower the emission energy of tetracene up to 0.53 eV. The X(Et3P)2PtII group (X = Br, I) has stronger perturbations on the tetracenyl ring than the R3PAuI group. σ-Metalation also leads to different crystal packing of the complexes and thus arrangements of the tetracenyl rings. Aurophilic attraction operates in 5, leading to self-assembly of the molecules into a novel honeycomb structure composed of helical AuI chains. In contrast to the other complexes, the crystal of 5 is not emissive, possibly due to efficient exciton delocalization.
One-Dimensional Relaxation- and Diffusion-Edited NMR Methods for Screening Compounds That Bind to Macromolecules (1997)

Two one-dimensional 1H NMR techniques for efficiently screening libraries of compounds for binding to macromolecules are described that exploit the changes in relaxation or diffusion rates of small molecules which occur upon complex formation. The techniques are demonstrated by detecting ligands that bind to the FK506 binding protein and the catalytic domain of stromelysin in the presence of compounds that do not bind to these proteins. These one-dimensional methods detect complex formation between a ligand and a macromolecule and thus eliminate false positives often observed with other techniques. In addition, since these methods monitor signals of the uncomplexed compound rather than the bound ligand or macromolecule, ligands for macromolecules of unlimited size can be detected. Furthermore, active compounds can be directly identified from a mixture, significantly reducing the time and material needed for screening large libraries of compounds.
Characterization of Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Human Lung (2006)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells that play a central role in the initiation of immune responses. Because human lung DCs have been incompletely characterized, we enumerated and phenotyped mononuclear cell populations from excess lung tissue obtained at surgery. Myeloid DCs (MDCs) were identified as CD1c(+)CD11c(+)CD14(-)HLA-DR(+) cells and comprised approximately 2% of low autofluorescent (LAF) mononuclear cells. Plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs) were characterized as CD123(+)CD11c(-)CD14(-)HLA-DR(+) cells and comprised approximately 1.0% of the LAF mononuclear cells. Cells enriched in MDCs expressed CD86, moderate CD80, and little CD40, but cells enriched in PDCs had little to no expression of these three costimulatory molecules. CD11c(+)CD14(-) lineage-negative (MDC-enriched) LAF cells were isolated and shown to be much more potent in stimulating an alloreaction than CD11c(+)CD14(+) lineage-negative (monocyte-enriched) LAF cells. PDC-enriched cells were more capable of responding to a TLR-7 agonist by secreting IFN-alpha than MDC-enriched cells. MDC-enriched cells were either CD123(+) or CD123(-), but both subsets secreted cytokines and chemokines typical of MDC upon stimulation with a TLR-4 agonist and both subsets failed to secrete IFN-alpha upon stimulation with a TLR-7 agonist. By immunohistochemistry, we identified MDCs throughout different anatomical locations of the lung. However, our method did not allow the localization of PDCs with certainty. In conclusion, in the human lung MDCs were twice as numerous and expressed higher levels of costimulatory molecules than PDCs. Our data suggest that both lung DC subsets exert distinct immune modulatory functions.
Zein. A New Industrial Protein (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZein. A New Industrial ProteinL. C. SwallenCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1941, 33, 3, 394–398Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50375a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50375a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views473Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of Maleimide Derivative of DOTA for Site-Specific Labeling of Recombinant Affibody Molecules (2007)

Affibody molecules are a new class of small (7 kDa) scaffold affinity proteins, which demonstrate promising properties as agents for in vivo radionuclide targeting. The Affibody scaffold is cysteine-free and therefore independent of disulfide bonds. Thus, a single thiol group can be engineered into the protein by introduction of one cysteine. Coupling of thiol-reactive bifunctional chelators can enable site-specific labeling of recombinantly produced Affibody molecules. In this study, the use of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-tris-acetic acid-10-maleimidoethylacetamide (MMA-DOTA) for 111 In-labeling of anti-HER2 Affibody molecules His 6-Z HER2:342-Cys and Z HER2:2395-Cys has been evaluated. The introduction of a cysteine residue did not affect the affinity of the proteins, which was 29 pM for His 6-Z HER2:342-Cys and 27 pM for Z HER2:2395-Cys, comparable with 22 pM for the parental Z HER2:342. MMA-DOTA was conjugated to DTT-reduced Affibody molecules with a coupling efficiency of 93% using a 1:1 molar ratio of chelator to protein. The conjugates were labeled with 111 In to a specific radioactivity of up to 7 GBq/mmol, with preserved binding for the target HER2. In vivo, the non-His-tagged variant 111 In-[MMA-DOTA-Cys61]-Z HER2:2395-Cys demonstrated appreciably lower liver uptake than its His-tag-containing counterpart. In mice bearing HER2-expressing LS174T xenografts, 111 In-[MMA-DOTA-Cys61]-Z HER2:2395-Cys showed specific and rapid tumor localization, and rapid clearance from blood and nonspecific compartments, leading to a tumor-to-blood-ratio of 18 +/- 8 already 1 h p.i. Four hours p.i., the tumor-to-blood ratio was 138 +/- 8. Xenografts were clearly visualized already 1 h p.i.
Neurodegenerative Tauopathies (2001)

The defining neuropathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease are abundant filamentous tau lesions and deposits of fibrillar amyloid beta peptides. Prominent filamentous tau inclusions and brain degeneration in the absence of beta-amyloid deposits are also hallmarks of neurodegenerative tauopathies exemplified by sporadic corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Pick's disease, as well as by hereditary frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). Because multiple tau gene mutations are pathogenic for FTDP-17 and tau polymorphisms appear to be genetic risk factors for sporadic progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration, tau abnormalities are linked directly to the etiology and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease. Indeed, emerging data support the hypothesis that different tau gene mutations are pathogenic because they impair tau functions, promote tau fibrillization, or perturb tau gene splicing, thereby leading to formation of biochemically and structurally distinct aggregates of tau. Nonetheless, different members of the same kindred often exhibit diverse FTDP-17 syndromes, which suggests that additional genetic or epigenetic factors influence the phenotypic manifestations of neurodegenerative tauopathies. Although these and other hypothetical mechanisms of neurodegenerative tauopathies remain to be tested and validated, transgenic models are increasingly available for this purpose, and they will accelerate discovery of more effective therapies for neurodegenerative tauopathies and related disorders, including Alzheimer's disease.
Relation between damping, current-induced torques, and wall resistance for domain walls in magnetic nanowires (2007)

We show that each mechanism of the Gilbert damping of wall motion corresponds to a current-induced drive torque on the domain wall, based on the same electron processes. For example, the damping theory of Heinrich, Fraitova, and Kambersky is directly related to the theory of (nonadiabatic) drive torques by Zhang and Li. Using momentum conservation, this relation is extended to the wall resistance. This leads to a classification of most existing electron theories of damping and drive torques, and of wall resistance, into only three different kinds. In all cases, the drive torque is derived from the damping torque by replacing the wall speed by an electron drift speed $\ensuremath{\simeq}{R}_{0}j$, where ${R}_{0}$ is the ordinary Hall constant and $j$ the current density. This drift speed differs from the one which appears in existing theories of adiabatic spin-transfer torques on a wall. Using the present ideas, mechanisms for drive torques and wall resistance have been invented.
Inchworm-Like Colonoscopic Robot with Hollow Body and Steering Device (2006)

Unskillful operation and rough handling of conventional colonoscope, especially at the sigmoid colon, may lead to perforation or splitting the colon wall. Thus, it is crucial to develop autonomous or semi-autonomous colonoscopes that do not require physical force by the doctors for their motions. In this paper, we report the design and development of a colonoscopic robot system that has a locomotive function based on inchworm-like motion, with a hollow body and a steering system that consists of three pneumatic bellows of 7mm diameter, each located 120° apart from the others at the head part. The steering device can bend up to approximately 90°. In order to evaluate the performance of the colonoscopic robot, in-vitro tests and in-vivo tests were carried out. The experimental results show the feasibility of the prototype colonoscopic robot being used for diagnosis and treatments in colon.
Synergistic Effect of Low Temperature and High Sucrose Concentration on Maize Pollen Viability in Aqueous Medium (1994)

Maize ( Zea mays L.) pollen can be stored up to several hours in inert medium such as paraffin oil. However, biological activity and genetic manipulation are almost precluded. In aqueous media, maize pollen loses viability within a few minutes when in conditions different from those promoting germination. We have evidence that viability of maize pollen can be preserved in a hypertonic aqueous solution at 0°C. Detrimental if individually applied, low temperature and high sucrose concentrations, together, allow storage of maize pollen up to 10 to 12 hr in an aqueous medium. Such stored pollen can then germinate on agar medium. The lack of in vivo fertilization by liquid pollination, at first interpreted by an osmotic hypothesis, led us to the development of a new, rapid procedure for in vitro germination. Short‐term storage of maize pollen in aqueous medium is now possible and should support new techniques of genetic manipulation.
Synthetic small-molecule complement inhibitors. (2004)

During the past few years, several large molecular-weight compounds with complement-inhibitory activities have entered clinical trials for a wide variety of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Various small synthetic compounds that offer several advantages over the larger complement inhibitors are also being discovered at a rapid pace. In this review, the focus will be on three of these small molecules, a C3-binding peptide, compstatin; a synthetic peptidic antagonist of the C5a anaphylatoxin receptor, 3D53; and a non-peptidergic antagonist of the C3a anaphylatoxin receptor, SB-290157. In recent years, compstatin has undergone a series of optimizations that have led to more active and stable analogs, while 3D53 and SB-290157 have been more extensively tested in animal models of various human inflammatory diseases. These compounds have been shown to be effective and display little or no toxicity, and as such may be promising new candidates for further therapeutic development.
Pretranslational Suppression of an Insulin-Responsive Glucose Transporter in Rats with Diabetes Mellitus (1989)

A prominent feature of diabetes mellitus is the inability of insulin to appropriately increase the transport of glucose into target tissues. The contributions of different glucose transport proteins to insulin resistance in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes was evaluated. A glucose transporter messenger RNA and its cognate protein that are exclusively expressed in muscle and adipose tissue were specifically depleted in diabetic animals, and these effects were reversed after insulin therapy; a different glucose transporter and its messenger RNA that exhibit a less restricted tissue distribution were not specifically modulated in this way. Depletion of the muscle- and adipose-specific glucose transporter species correlates with and may account for the major portion of cellular insulin resistance in diabetes in these animals.
Efficient and stable large-area perovskite solar cells with inorganic charge extraction layers (2015)

The recent dramatic rise in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has triggered intense research worldwide. However, high PCE values have often been reached with poor stability at an illuminated area of typically less than 0.1 square centimeter. We used heavily doped inorganic charge extraction layers in planar PSCs to achieve very rapid carrier extraction, even with 10- to 20-nanometer-thick layers, avoiding pinholes and eliminating local structural defects over large areas. The robust inorganic nature of the layers allowed for the fabrication of PSCs with an aperture area >1 square centimeter that have a PCE >15%, as certified by an accredited photovoltaic calibration laboratory. Hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristics was eliminated; the PSCs were stable, with >90% of the initial PCE remaining after 1000 hours of light soaking.
An Efficient and Practical Chemoenzymatic Preparation of Optically Active Secondary Amines (2005)

[reaction: see text] An efficient and practical chemoenzymatic method was developed for the preparation of a variety of chiral secondary amines. Here, oxalamic esters were identified as unique derivatives amenable to the enzyme-catalyzed kinetic resolution of racemic secondary amines. Both enantiomers of the amines were produced in high optical purity and yields after the cleavage of the oxalamic groups.
Systemic toxicity of botulinum toxin by intramuscular injection in the monkey (1988)

Botulinum toxin (Oculinum) was injected intramuscularly into eight monkeys. The LD50 dose is estimated to be approximately 39 U/kg body weight. The lowest dose that caused systemic toxicity, 33 U/kg, was close to the fatal dose range, 38-42 U/kg.
A SVM ¨C Based Classification Approach to Musical Audio (2003)

This paper describes an automatic hierarchical music classification approach based on support vector machines (SVM). Based on the proposed method, the music is classified into coursed classes such as vocal, instrumental or vocal mixed with instrumental music. These main classes are further sub-classed according to gender and instrument type. A novel method, Correction Algorithm for Music Sequence (CAMS) has been developed to improve the classification efficiency.
Interactions of Influenza Virus with Cultured Cells:  Detailed Kinetic Modeling of Binding and Endocytosis (1998)

We performed a detailed kinetic analysis of the uptake of influenza virus (A/PR8/34) by Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells in culture. Experimental procedures were based on the relief of fluorescence self-quenching of the fluorescent probe octadecylrhodamine B chloride (R18) incorporated in the viral envelope. Equilibrium for binding of influenza virus to MDCK cells (2.5 x 10(6)/mL) was reached quicker with temperature increases due to a faster dynamic mobility of the particles. We deduced that there are two kinds of binding sites for influenza virus in MDCK cells and determined the kinetic parameters of the binding process (adhesion and detachment rate constants), using a mass action kinetic model. As the temperature increases, the number of binding sites for influenza virus decreases, especially the high-affinity binding sites, whereas the value of the affinity constant for virus binding to the binding site, k, increases. Nevertheless, the binding association constant at equilibrium Ki, which is given by Ki = Niki, where Ni is the number of binding sites per cell, declines as the temperature increases. When endocytosis occurs, the total uptake of virions by the cells is larger than that observed in the process of binding at the same temperature, and the uptake proceeds for longer times. Using our mass kinetic model, we determined that at 20 degrees C, the rate constant of endocytosis, epsilon, for influenza virus with this cell line is 2.6 x 10(-)4 s-1, i.e., in the same range as in studies on endocytosis of liposomes.
Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein C Modulates Translation of c-myc mRNA in a Cell Cycle Phase-Dependent Manner (2003)

The c-myc proto-oncogene plays a key role in the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and regulation of the cell cycle. Recently, it was demonstrated that the 5' nontranslated region (5' NTR) of human c-myc mRNA contains an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). In this study, we investigated cellular proteins interacting with the IRES element of c-myc mRNA. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNP C) was identified as a cellular protein that interacts specifically with a heptameric U sequence in the c-myc IRES located between two alternative translation initiation codons CUG and AUG. Moreover, the addition of hnRNP C1 in an in vitro translation system enhanced translation of c-myc mRNA. Interestingly, hnRNP C was partially relocalized from the nucleus, where most of the hnRNP C resides at interphase, to the cytoplasm at the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle. Coincidently, translation mediated through the c-myc IRES was increased at the G(2)/M phase when cap-dependent translation was partially inhibited. On the other hand, a mutant c-myc mRNA lacking the hnRNP C-binding site, showed a decreased level of translation at the G(2)/M phase compared to that of the wild-type message. Taken together, these findings suggest that hnRNP C, via IRES binding, modulates translation of c-myc mRNA in a cell cycle phase-dependent manner.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase (TIMP-2) (1989)

Human melanoma cells secret a 21-kDa protein, termed CSC-21K, which binds with 1:1 molar stoichiometry to the matrix metalloproteinase type IV collagenase proenzyme (70-kDa gelatinase) secreted by the same cells. This binding protein has been purified and its complete primary structure determined by sequencing overlapping peptides which span the entire protein. The amino acid sequence demonstrates that this protein shares significant homology with human TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase), including conservation of the positions of the 12 cysteine residues and 3 of 4 tryptophan residues. The identification of CSC-21K now indicates that a family of TIMP-related proteins exists. Individual members of this family may possess selective affinities for different members of the matrix metalloproteinase family. CSC-21K produced by tumor cells is isolated as a 1:1 molar complex with type IV procollagenase, as demonstrated by amino acid composition analysis. Addition of purified CSC-21K to the activated metalloproteinase results in inhibition of the collagenolytic activity in a stoichiometric fashion. Based on its sequence homology to TIMP and ability to inhibit type IV collagenolysis we propose the name TIMP-2 for this inhibitor.
Full GMP-Compliant Validation of Bone Marrow-Derived Human CD133+Cells as Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product for Refractory Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (2015)

According to the European Medicine Agency (EMA) regulatory frameworks, Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) represent a new category of drugs in which the active ingredient consists of cells, genes, or tissues. ATMP-CD133 has been widely investigated in controlled clinical trials for cardiovascular diseases, making CD133(+) cells one of the most well characterized cell-derived drugs in this field. To ensure high quality and safety standards for clinical use, the manufacturing process must be accomplished in certified facilities following standard operative procedures (SOPs). In the present work, we report the fully compliant GMP-grade production of ATMP-CD133 which aims to address the treatment of chronic refractory ischemic heart failure. Starting from bone marrow (BM), ATMP-CD133 manufacturing output yielded a median of 6.66 × 10(6) of CD133(+) cells (range 2.85 × 10(6)-30.84 × 10(6)), with a viability ranged between 96,03% and 99,97% (median 99,87%) and a median purity of CD133(+) cells of 90,60% (range 81,40%-96,20%). Based on these results we defined our final release criteria for ATMP-CD133: purity ≥ 70%, viability ≥ 80%, cellularity between 1 and 12 × 10(6) cells, sterile, and endotoxin-free. The abovementioned criteria are currently applied in our Phase I clinical trial (RECARDIO Trial).
Stereoscopic Video Codec for 3D Video Service over T-DMB (2007)

We propose a novel stereoscopic video coding method to compress stereoscopic video based on residual-downsampling for 3D video service over T-DMB (terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting). Main idea of residual-downsampling algorithm is to reduce the resolution of residual data that consist of the differential values between original input image and predicted image and to code the downsampled residual data. Experimental results show the proposed method outperforms both TS (temporal scalability) based coding and Simulcast.
Principles and applications of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in clinical biochemistry. (2009)

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is now a routine technique with the development of electrospray ionisation (ESI) providing a simple and robust interface. It can be applied to a wide range of biological molecules and the use of tandem MS and stable isotope internal standards allows highly sensitive and accurate assays to be developed although some method optimisation is required to minimise ion suppression effects. Fast scanning speeds allow a high degree of multiplexing and many compounds can be measured in a single analytical run. With the development of more affordable and reliable instruments, LC-MS is starting to play an important role in several areas of clinical biochemistry and compete with conventional liquid chromatography and other techniques such as immunoassay.