gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Beacons: A Novel Approach to Detect Protein - DNA Interactions (2000)

Through clever design of an oligonucleotide probe, the molecular beacon (MB), protein – DNA interactions can be studied and proteins quantified. The principle involves a design in which the fluorophore (F) of the MB is quenched by intramolecular interaction with a quenching group (Q) in close proximity. This quenching is relieved by the interaction of the molecular beacon with a single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB). As a result, fluorescence is restored and can be monitored. This approach could be developed into a powerful method for directly monitoring protein production in living cells and organs.
Formation of Ordered, Anisotropic Organic Monolayers on the Si(001) Surface (1997)

It is shown that the SiSi dimers of the reconstructed Si(001) surface can react with the π bonds of unsaturated organic molecules to produce well-defined organic films with novel physical properties. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies show that the resulting layers are ordered both translationally and rotationally, with the SiSi dimers acting as a template for extending the translational and rotational order from the silicon substrate to the organic film. STM images and infrared spectroscopy experiments show that by using vicinal Si(001) surface having primarily double-height steps, the rotational order of the molecules can be preserved over macroscopic length scales, leading to measurable anisotropy in optical properties. It is proposed that this chemistry may provide a general method for formation of controlled organic films on Si(001) surfaces.
Scattering-matrix analysis of periodically patterned multilayers with asymmetric unit cells and birefringent media (2008)

Fourier analysis has been successfully applied to study optical properties of photonic crystal structures, usually composed of optically isotropic media. In a commonly used formulation [D. M. Whittaker and I. S. Culshaw, Phys. Rev. B 60, 2610 (1999)], inversion symmetry of the unit cell is required. Here, we extend the treatment of Whittaker and Culshaw to structures with asymmetric unit cells that can be composed of birefringent media. As applications we consider a high-refractive-index membrane with a triangular lattice of triangular holes, where the presence of a TE-like gap at $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and of a TM-like gap at $2\ensuremath{\omega}$ is established, and a slot waveguide made of (birefringent) porous silicon, where coupling of guided modes to radiative modes is achieved through a one-dimensional periodic grating.
Nanoimprint Lithography Materials Development for Semiconductor Device Fabrication (2009)

The term nanoimprint lithography (NIL) describes a number of processes used to form nanoscale structures by molding or embossing. Step and flash imprint lithography (S-FIL, a trademark of Molecular Imprints, Inc.) is a variant of NIL that can be performed at room temperature and low pressure. In S-FIL, a low-viscosity liquid imprint material is hardened in a patterned template by exposure to UV light. S-FIL is ideally suited to integrated-circuit device fabrication. Materials development for S-FIL has progressed significantly since its introduction in 1999. We discuss the status of materials development, with specific emphasis on the imprint material and functional materials, template fabrication and release layers, and S-FIL process variations.
Voltage contrast test structure for measurement of mask misalignment (2010)

A new test structure for measuring mask misalignment for critical levels like contact to gate is described. Alignment requirements have become very challenging because of the extremely small dimensions of current state-of-the-art CMOS devices. The method for measuring contact to gate alignment involves using a SEM to scan an array of contacts each with a different amount of overlap with a grounded gate. The voltage contrast signal indicates which contacts are touching the gate. The data for an example wafer are compared to optical alignment data. Addition work necessary to more thoroughly compare the accuracy of the two techniques is described.
A Watcher Information Event Template-Package for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (2004)

This document defines the watcher information template-package for the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) event framework. Watcher information
refers to the set of users subscribed to a particular resource within
a particular event package. Watcher information changes dynamically as
users subscribe, unsubscribe, are approved, or are rejected. A user
can subscribe to this information, and therefore learn about changes
to it. This event package is a template-package because it can be
applied to any event package, including itself. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Formation and properties of juvenile wood in southern pines: a synopsis (2001)

To satisfy the increasing demand for forest products, much of the future timber supply will be from improved trees grown on managed plantations. This fast-grown resource will tend to be harvested in short age rotations and will contain higher proportions of juvenile wood than that of current harvests. In anticipation of this resource, definitive information is needed on the influence of juvenile wood on lumber properties so that grading rules and the associated allowable design stresses can be modified as needed. This document reports the results of an extensive review of the literature on juvenile wood in southern pines. This report defines and discusses the extent, occurrence, and characteristics of juvenile wood. It reviews the effects that environment and silviculture have on the amount of juvenile wood produced. Finally, the impacts that juvenile wood has on mechanical properties were quantified. The results of this quantification are significant to all producers of fast-grown plantations. Research has clearly shown that juvenile wood will have a detrimental impact on allowable design stresses for visually graded lumber. It is critical that methods are developed to more carefully manage fast-grown plantation wood for its most efficient use. This review should serve as an overall collection of knowledge pertaining to juvenile wood research in southern pines and should help in the decision-making efforts to improve seedling selection techniques and silvicultural practices to maximize the potential for fast-grown plantations of southern pines.
Improved Single Crystal Superalloys, CMSX-4 (SLS)[La+Y] and CMSX-486 (2004)

Single crystal superalloys and casting technology offer a combination of attractive properties for advanced gas turbine engine components. The alloys are designed to produce superior properties for a challenging combination of requirements: high temperature creep-strength, fatigue resistance, oxidation resistance, coating performance and retention of performance in thin-walled configurations. Application of this technology to new components has only been restricted by the competing criteria of affordability for first time introduction.
Video SnapCut (2009)

Although tremendous success has been achieved for interactive object cutout in still images, accurately extracting dynamic objects in video remains a very challenging problem. Previous video cutout systems present two major limitations: (1) reliance on global statistics, thus lacking the ability to deal with complex and diverse scenes; and (2) treating segmentation as a global optimization, thus lacking a practical workflow that can guarantee the convergence of the systems to the desired results. We present Video SnapCut , a robust video object cutout system that significantly advances the state-of-the-art. In our system segmentation is achieved by the collaboration of a set of local classifiers, each adaptively integrating multiple local image features. We show how this segmentation paradigm naturally supports local user editing and propagates them across time. The object cutout system is completed with a novel coherent video matting technique. A comprehensive evaluation and comparison is presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed system at achieving high quality results, as well as the robustness of the system against various types of inputs.
In Vitro and In Vivo Results of Transcatheter Microwave Ablation Using Forward‐Firing Tip Antenna Design (1996)

This study was designed to test a microwave (MW) ablation system using approximately 2,450 MHz of energy and a deflectable catheter with forward-firing tip antenna, an early clinical prototype system. In vitro three-dimensional thermal mapping of single and double helix antenna designs was performed. Quantitative measurements of antenna radiation were recorded on tissue phantoms equipped with temperature sensors distributed radially and outwardly. In vivo testing consisted of closed-chest AV junction ablation in three dogs. Thermal mapping showed hemispherical heat distribution from the tip antenna. For the double helix design, this distribution was measured at 8.4-mm diameter with a maximum temperature of 61.62 degrees C. As expected, the single helix design produced less heating with a measured diameter of 6.4 mm and maximum temperature of 55.90 degrees C. The in vivo study produced lesions of geometry and size concordant with these heating patterns. MW ablation produced bundle branch block in one dog and complete AV nodal block in the remaining two, without transvalvular or other structural damage. The histopathology of the lesions was typical of a thermal burn showing hemorrhage and coagulative necrosis with clearly demarcated borders. We conclude that, using this early clinical prototype system with a deflectable catheter and a forward-firing tip antenna design, MW heating can produce a moderate-size lesion and is safe and effective for cardiac ablation.
Physicochemical Parameters of X-Ray Contrast Media (1994)

"Dynamic osmolalities" of contrast media may differ from static values possibly because of the formation of "quasi-oligomers." Especially for ZK 139129, disaggregation occurred during dilution and the osmolality increased slightly. However, osmolality was lower than for any other monomer during the whole dilution process.
Inhibition of sham feeding-stimulated acid secretion in dogs by immunoneutralization of gastrin (1997)

A monoclonal antibody to gastrin was used to study the role of circulating gastrin in mediating acid secretion stimulated by sham feeding in dogs. On separate days, four conscious, fasted, adult mongrel dogs with esophageal and gastric fistulae were pretreated intravenously with either 7 mg of gastrin monoclonal antibody (MAb 28.2), 7 mg of keyhole limpet hemocyanin monoclonal antibody as control, or 12.5 micrograms/kg atropine sulfate. Thirty minutes later, acid secretion was stimulated first by sham feeding for 5 min, then, 60 min later, by an intravenous infusion of a maximum stimulatory dose of histamine (40 micrograms/kg) for 60 min, and after returning to basal, by intravenous infusion of a submaximal stimulatory dose of gastrin (200 pmol.kg-1.h-1) for 60 min. Acid output from secretions collected every 15 min by gravity drainage was determined by titration to pH 7.0 with 0.2 N NaOH. Sham feeding-stimulated acid output (17.7 +/- 5.5 mmol/h) was significantly inhibited by administration of either MAb 28.2 (0 mmol/h) or atropine (1.7 +/- 1.1 mmol/h). Histamine-stimulated acid output (19.6 +/- 3.4 mmol/h) was not reduced by either pretreatment. Gastrin-stimulated acid output (3.9 +/- 0.6 mmol/h) was significantly reduced only by pretreatment with MAb 28.2 (0.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/h) and not by atropine (2.2 +/- 1.4 mmol/h). A background intravenous infusion of pentagastrin (0.5 microgram.kg-1.h-1) restored sham feeding-stimulated acid output blocked by administration of MAb 28.2, although the intrinsic acid response to sham feeding could not be seen with the background pentagastrin infusion. Furthermore, the plasma gastrin response to sham feeding was not blocked by atropine pretreatment. Because immunoneutralization of both gastrin and cholinergic blockade significantly inhibited acid output during sham feeding, circulating gastrin and cholinergic pathways are involved in mediating the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion in dogs.
N-myristoylation of p60src. Identification of a myristoyl-CoA:glycylpeptide N-myristoyltransferase in rat tissues (1988)

A 16-residue synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminal sequence of p60src was used as the acyl acceptor in an assay for myristoyl-CoA:glycylpeptide N-myristoyltransferase in rat tissues. An additional C-terminal tyrosine amide was added to this peptide to facilitate radioiodination and enhance detectability. Reverse-phase h.p.l.c. enabled the simultaneous detection and quantification of the peptide substrate and its N-myristoylated product. N-Myristoyltransferase activity was highest in the brain with decreasing activities in lung, small intestine, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle and liver. Brain activity was distributed approximately equally between the 100,000 g pellet and supernatant fractions. The soluble enzyme exhibited a Kappm of 20 microM for the src peptide and an optimum between pH 7.0 and 7.5. Maximum N-acylating activity was seen with myristoyl (C14:0)-CoA with lower activities found with the C10:0-CoA and C12:0-CoA homologues. No activity was obtained with palmitoyl (C18:0)-CoA but this derivative inhibited N-myristoyltransferase activity greater than 50% at equimolar concentrations with myristoyl-CoA. With a decapeptide corresponding to the N-terminal sequence of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit as the acyl acceptor, the brain enzyme displayed a Kapp.m of 117 microM and was about 14-fold less catalytically effective than with the p60src acyl acceptor. Transferase activity was also seen with a 16-residue peptide corresponding to the N-terminal sequence of the HIV p17gag structural protein. Inhibition studies with shorter src peptide analogues indicated an enzyme specificity for the p60src acyl acceptor beyond 9 residues.
The Preparation and Reactions of 2-Benzimidazolecarboxylic Acid and 2-Benzimidazoleacetic Acid (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Reactions of 2-Benzimidazolecarboxylic Acid and 2-Benzimidazoleacetic AcidRalph A. B. Copeland and Allan R. DayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 6, 1072–1075Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01246a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01246a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1665Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibits mGluR2 Coupling to G-Proteins by Direct Receptor Phosphorylation (2000)

One of the primary physiological roles of group II and group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) is to presynaptically reduce synaptic transmission at glutamatergic synapses. Interestingly, previous studies suggest that presynaptic mGluRs are tightly regulated by protein kinases. cAMP analogs and the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin inhibit the function of presynaptic group II mGluRs in area CA3 of the hippocampus. We now report that forskolin has a similar inhibitory effect on putative mGluR2-mediated responses at the medial perforant path synapse and that this effect of forskolin is blocked by a selective inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). A series of biochemical and molecular studies was used to determine the precise mechanism by which PKA inhibits mGluR2 function. Our studies reveal that PKA directly phosphorylates mGluR2 at a single serine residue (Ser(843)) on the C-terminal tail region of the receptor. Site-directed mutagenesis combined with biochemical measures of mGluR2 function reveal that phosphorylation of this site inhibits coupling of mGluR2 from GTP-binding proteins
DNA polymorphisms at the BCL11A , HBS1L-MYB , and β- globin loci associate with fetal hemoglobin levels and pain crises in sickle cell disease (2008)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a debilitating monogenic blood disorder with a highly variable phenotype characterized by severe pain crises, acute clinical events, and early mortality. Interindividual variation in fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression is a known and potentially heritable modifier of SCD severity. High HbF levels are correlated with reduced morbidity and mortality. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the BCL11A and HBS1L-MYB loci have been implicated previously in HbF level variation in nonanemic European populations. We recently demonstrated an association between a BCL11A SNP and HbF levels in one SCD cohort [Uda M, et al. (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:1620–1625]. Here, we genotyped additional BCL11A SNPs, HBS1L-MYB SNPs, and an SNP upstream of G γ- globin ( HBG2 ; the Xmn I polymorphism), in two independent SCD cohorts: the African American Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD) and an SCD cohort from Brazil. We studied the effect of these SNPs on HbF levels and on a measure of SCD-related morbidity (pain crisis rate). We strongly replicated the association between these SNPs and HbF level variation (in the CSSCD, P values range from 0.04 to 2 × 10 −42 ). Together, common SNPs at the BCL11A , HBS1L-MYB , and β- globin ( HBB ) loci account for &gt;20% of the variation in HbF levels in SCD patients. We also have shown that HbF-associated SNPs associate with pain crisis rate in SCD patients. These results provide a clear example of inherited common sequence variants modifying the severity of a monogenic disease.
Decidable Subsets of CCS (1994)

CCS is a universal formalism: any computable function is computed by some CCS agent. Moreover, one can reduce the halting problem for Turing machines to the problem of deciding bisimilarity of two CCS agents, thus demonstrating the undecidability of the equivalence checking problem. In this paper, we demonstrate the limits of decidability of CCS. In particular, we show that by simply disallowing either of communication or both restriction and relabelling, we arrive at a sub-language which still describes a rich class of infinite state systems but for which bisimulation is decidable. We also demonstrate complete axiomatisations for these sublanguages. We compare these results with the undecidability of all other common equivalences
Versatile retroviral vectors for potential use in gene therapy. (1994)

A set of retroviral vectors is described whose capacity for high efficiency transduction of functional genes into undifferentiated murine embryonic and haematopoietic cells makes them ideally suited for preclinical studies with murine models. Multiple unique cloning sites permit insertion of genes into the vectors such that no selectable marker exists or either the neomycin phosphotransferase (neo) gene, the hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph) gene or the puromycin N-acetyl transferase (pac) gene is included as a dominantly acting selectable marker. Because the sequences in the viral gag region shown to improve the encapsidation of viral RNA have been modified to prevent viral protein synthesis and all env sequences have been removed to eliminate helper virus production by homologous recombination with packaging DNA, these vectors might prove useful in human gene therapy protocols.
Management of Massive Venous Bleeding Caused by Pelvic Fracture - A Case Report (2013)

The hemorrhage with Pelvic bone fracture is one of the important causes of death in trauma patients. Especially initial resuscitation and simultaneous pelvic fixation are essential in hemodynamic unstable patients. Depending on the situation, the angiographic embolization for arterial bleeding or pelvic packing for definite bleeding control is also needed. Herein we introduce a case about the patient with massive venous bleeding due to severe pelvic fracture.
Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain (2008)

This article reviews recent research on cannabinoid analgesia via the endocannabinoid system and non-receptor mechanisms, as well as randomized clinical trials employing cannabinoids in pain treatment. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, Marinol((R))) and nabilone (Cesamet((R))) are currently approved in the United States and other countries, but not for pain indications. Other synthetic cannabinoids, such as ajulemic acid, are in development. Crude herbal cannabis remains illegal in most jurisdictions but is also under investigation. Sativex((R)), a cannabis derived oromucosal spray containing equal proportions of THC (partial CB(1) receptor agonist ) and cannabidiol (CBD, a non-euphoriant, anti-inflammatory analgesic with CB(1) receptor antagonist and endocannabinoid modulating effects) was approved in Canada in 2005 for treatment of central neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis, and in 2007 for intractable cancer pain. Numerous randomized clinical trials have demonstrated safety and efficacy for Sativex in central and peripheral neuropathic pain, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer pain. An Investigational New Drug application to conduct advanced clinical trials for cancer pain was approved by the US FDA in January 2006. Cannabinoid analgesics have generally been well tolerated in clinical trials with acceptable adverse event profiles. Their adjunctive addition to the pharmacological armamentarium for treatment of pain shows great promise.
Activation of hepatic NKT cells and subsequent liver injury following administration of α-galactosylceramide (2000)

It has been established that alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), a glycolipid, is recognized by natural killer T (NKT) cells together with the monomorphic MHC-like antigen, CD1d, in mice and humans. In this study, we examined how NKT cells are modulated by in vivo administration of alpha-GalCer in mice. When 2 microg (or more)/mouse of alpha(-GalCer was injected i.p., the majority of NKT cells disappeared in the liver and spleen, possibly undergoing apoptosis, on day 1. At this time, NKT cytotoxicity seen in liver lymphocytes also disappeared. In parallel with this numerical and functional change of NKT cells, there was always concomitant hepatocyte damage, as shown by histology and elevated levels of transaminases. Subsequently, the number and function of NKT cells continued to increase from day 3 to day 7. The response seen in hepatic (and splenic) NKT cells did not occur in thymic NKT cells. All these phenomena induced in the liver did not appear in NKT-deficient mice such as beta2-microglobulin(-/-) and CD1d(-/-) mice. These results shed further light on the in vivo interaction between NKT cells and alpha-GalCer in mice.