gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 Tat mutants in the cysteine-rich region downregulate HLA class II expression in T lymphocytic and macrophage cell lines (2000)

Human macrophage and T cell lines were stably transfected with HIV-1 wild-type Tat or Tat mutants in the cysteine-rich region displaying trans-dominant negative effects on HIV-1 life cycle. The expression of HLA class I and class II molecules was not affected by wild-type Tat. Tat mutants, instead, profoundly down-regulated in a dose-dependent fashion the expression of class II, but not of class I, in both cell types by acting at the transcriptional level. Down-regulation was manifested on constitutive and IFN-gamma-induced class II gene expression and did not correlate with reduced transcription of the AIR-1 gene product CIITA, the major transcriptional activator of class II genes, indicating that Tat mutants did not act by inhibiting AIR-1 gene expression. Class II down-modulation had important functional implications in macrophages, as both antigen processing and presenting capacity were inhibited. These results represent the first evidence that a modified HIV-1 Tat product can act as a potent immunosuppressor by inhibiting the HLA class II expression necessary for triggering both cellular and humoral responses against pathogens. The use of these HIV-1 Tat mutants also discloses new opportunities to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the coordinate HLA class II gene transcription.
Alterations in Notch signaling in neoplastic lesions of the human cervix. (1995)

The development of cancer is a cellular process that reflects and is partly driven by alterations in cell determination. Mutations in various molecules responsible for cell determination have been identified as being oncogenic, but little is known about the involvement of normal cell fate-determining mechanisms in the oncogenic process. The Notch pathway defines an evolutionarily conserved, general cell interaction mechanism that controls fundamental aspects of cell determination during vertebrate and invertebrate development. We have explored the involvement of the human Notch pathway in human cervical tissues, which define a cellular environment where cell fate changes take place and where neoplastic conditions have been well characterized. Our evidence suggests that Notch expression is associated with cell populations that are undergoing cell fate changes and that Notch activity can be used to monitor cell fate abnormalities in cervical as well as other epithelial neoplasias.
Development and Clinical Evaluation of Tomosynthesis for Digital Mammography (2000)

Abstract : Tomosynthesis holds the promise of detecting breast cancer earlier, at a smaller size, with fewer false-positive outcomes. Progress toward this goal has been steady. It has been slowed by the unanticipated need to include an articulating collimator for X-ray beam control. GECRD interpreted recent FDA guidance as requiring the design and installation of an articulating collimator. GECRD has designed and installed this subsystem. The feasibility automatic motorized tomosynthesis system has been delivered, installed and acceptance tested at MGH. A physics report on the imaging characteristics is complete. We are now in position to evaluate tomosynthesis in the clinical setting. This will permit an understanding of it's clinical potential, and if warranted, the design of a clinical trial.
The Seed-Hull Weight Ratio as an Index of Peanut Maturity1,2 (1977)

Abstract A simple, quantitative method was developed to determine peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) maturity. The method is based on the changing seed-hull weight ratio during maturation of the fruit. The ratio or maturity index was determined for fresh as well as air-dried pods, and these ratios correlated well with a physiological maturity index. The relationship between arginine maturity index and the air-dried seed-hull maturity index (DMI) was also determined, and the two indexes were negatively correlated. The DMI values across nine planting and eight harvest dates over a 2-year period showed that DMI could be applied to estimate average peanut seed maturity under field harvest conditions. The two peanut varieties tested, Florigiant and Florunner, were found to differ in maxmum DMI values. The study also showed that peanut seed weight increased with maturity then decreased after full maturity.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamics of cAMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cannabinoids reduce ErbB2-driven breast cancer progression through Akt inhibition (2010)

Taken together, these results provide a strong preclinical evidence for the use of cannabinoid-based therapies for the management of ErbB2-positive breast cancer.
Low-latency handover in a wireless ATM LAN (1998)

The micro- and picocellular architectures proposed for wireless ATM LANs lead to wireless terminals frequently changing their point of attachment to the network. Because ATM connections have quality of service (QoS) guarantees which must be maintained, handover must be as seamless as possible. We present a novel architecture and protocol which primarily aims to keep the interruption period due to handover low, rather than seeking to keep the process entirely lossless. We compare the tradeoffs made, with those in other schemes from the literature, and give quantitative results from an implementation of our scheme on a 10 Mbits/s/sup -1/ prototype wireless ATM LAN.
Characterization of new mutants in the early part of the yeast secretory pathway isolated by a [3H]mannose suicide selection. (1987)

We have adapted a [3H]mannose suicide selection to identify mutations in additional genes which function in the early part of the yeast secretory pathway. Thus far this protocol has led to the identification of two new genes which are implicated in this process, as well as additional alleles of previously identified genes. The new mutants, bet1 and bet2, are temperature sensitive for growth and protein transport. Thin section analysis has revealed the accumulation of a network of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at the restrictive temperature (37 degrees C). Precursors of exported proteins that accumulate in the cell at 37 degrees C are terminally core glycosylated. These observations suggest that the transport of precursors is blocked subsequent to translocation into the ER but before entry into the Golgi apparatus. The bet1 and bet2 mutants define two new complementation groups which have the same properties as previously identified ER-accumulating mutants. This and previous findings (Novick, P., C. Field, and R. Schekman, 1980, Cell, 21:205-215) suggest that protein exit from the ER and entry into the Golgi apparatus is a complex process requiring at least 11 genes.
Probing cellular heterogeneity in cytokine-secreting immune cells using droplet-based microfluidics (2013)

Here, we present a platform to detect cytokine (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α) secretion of single, activated T-cells in droplets over time. We use a novel droplet-based microfluidic approach to encapsulate cells in monodisperse agarose droplets together with functionalized cytokine-capture beads for subsequent binding and detection of secreted cytokines from single cells. This method allows high-throughput detection of cellular heterogeneity and maps subsets within cell populations with specific functions.
Appetite stimulation and weight gain with megestrol acetate. (1990)

The extreme anorexia and cachexia associated with cancer and other disease states often have important physical and psychologic impact on both patients and their families. Weight gain resulting from megestrol acetate therapy in breast cancer patients suggests that progestins may be useful for alleviation of disease-associated appetite and weight loss. Early breast cancer experience, as well as preliminary data from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of high-dose megestrol acetate in cancer anorexia and wasting, is therefore reviewed. Although the precise mechanism by which megestrol acetate exerts its effect remains unclear, weight gain was observed in 75% of patients in the high-dose study and in nearly all of those who remained on therapy for 6 weeks. It was concluded that, although megestrol acetate cannot be expected to directly affect the prognosis of patients with hormone-insensitive tumors, it may increase host resistance by improving nutritional status and/or enhancing the quality of life.
Multiplexed holographic transmission gratings recorded in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals: static and dynamic studies (2005)

The optimization of the experimental parameters of two multiplexed holographic transmission gratings recorded in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals is investigated. Two methods are used to record the holograms: simultaneous and sequential multiplexing. These two processes are optimized to produce two multiplexed Bragg gratings that have the same and the highest possible diffraction efficiencies in the first order. The two methods show similar results when suitable recording parameters are used. The parameters of the recorded gratings (mainly the refractive-index modulation) are retrieved by use of an extension of the rigorous coupled-wave theory to multiplexed gratings. Finally, the response of the holograms to an electric field is studied. We demonstrate few coupling effects between the behavior of both gratings, and we expect a possibility of switching from one grating to the other.
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Is the Anticancer Target for a Novel Series of Potent Naphthoquinone-Based Inhibitors (2008)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is emerging as an important new therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, chronic viral infections, and other diseases characterized by pathological immune suppression. While small molecule inhibitors of IDO exist, there remains a dearth of high-potency compounds offering in vivo efficacy and clinical translational potential. In this study, we address this gap by defining a new class of naphthoquinone-based IDO inhibitors exemplified by the natural product menadione, which is shown in mouse tumor models to have similar antitumor activity to previously characterized IDO inhibitors. Genetic validation that IDO is the critical in vivo target is demonstrated using IDO-null mice. Elaboration of menadione to a pyranonaphthoquinone has yielded low nanomolar potency inhibitors, including new compounds which are the most potent reported to date (K(i) = 61-70 nM). Synthetic accessibility of this class will facilitate preclinical chemical-genetic studies as well as further optimization of pharmacological parameters for clinical translation.
Antimetastatic activity of ganetespib: Preclinical studies and assessment of progressions due to new lesions in the GALAXY-1 NSCLC trial. (2013)

e19097 Background: Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) maintains the stability and activity of numerous signaling proteins involved in metastasis including FAK (tumor cell adhesion), MET and MMP9 (cell motility), VEGFR and PDGFR (angiogenesis), and HIF-1α (metabolism, proliferation, motility, angiogenesis). In the GALAXY–1 trial in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, docetaxel (D) plus ganetespib (G), an Hsp90 inhibitor, showed encouraging improvement in overall survival compared to D alone. We evaluated the antimetastatic activity of ganetespib in preclinical models, and compared radiological disease progression due to new lesion formation in the two arms of the GALAXY–1 trial. Methods: Effects of ganetespib were investigated on the: (1) migration of cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions via scratch assay, (2) expression of metastatic signaling factors using immunoblotting and reverse phase array, (3) architecture of NSCLC tumor xenografts including micro-vasculature, hypoxia, and apoptosis by immunostaining, and (4) metastasis to the lung in both tail vein and orthotopic breast cancer in vivo mouse models. In the GALAXY–1 trial, development of new metastatic lesions was evaluated using serial computed tomography scans. Results: In vitro, ganetespib blocked the migration of cancer cells and reduced the expression of key drivers of metastasis including P-AKT, FAK, HER2, IGF-1R, MET, HIF-1α, and VEGF. In vivo, ganetespib significantly reduced tumor angiogenesis and proliferation. In patients, in the population in the GALAXY–1 trial that exhibited the strongest survival improvement (diagnosis of advanced disease &gt;6 months, N=175), radiologic progressions due to new lesion formation were 19 (50%) vs. 5 (17%), for D vs. D+G, respectively, at time of abstract submission. Updated results will be presented. Conclusions: Ganetespib inhibits multiple processes involved in tumor metastasis. Preliminary data from the GALAXY–1 study support reduced frequency of progression due to new metastatic lesion formation in advanced NSCLC patients treated with ganetespib.
Volume regulatory loss of Na, Cl, and K from rat brain during acute hyponatremia (1987)

This study quantitatively evaluates the contribution of tissue Na, Cl, and K loss to brain volume regulation during acute dilutional hyponatremia (DH) and examines the mechanism of Na loss. DH was produced in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats by intraperitoneal infusion of distilled water and brain water and electrolytes analyzed 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 4 h, or 6 h later. The rate of Na and Cl loss was greatest during the first 30 min of DH (0.43 and 0.47 meq X kg tissue dry wt-1 X min-1, respectively). Net loss of Na and Cl was maximal after 3 h of DH. K loss was slower, achieving significance after 3 h. Electrolyte loss was sufficient to account for observed brain volume regulation after three or more hours of DH. Measurements of 22Na influx and efflux across the blood-brain barrier showed that barrier permeability to Na is unchanged during DH. Analysis of results using a two-compartment model of plasma-brain exchange suggests that loss of brain Na during DH does not result solely from a shift of electrolyte across the blood-brain barrier to plasma, and thus provides indirect evidence for an additional pathway for Na loss, presumably via cerebrospinal fluid.
Interactive Mail Access Protocol: Version 3 (1991)

Internet community. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants (1993)

Volatiles from plants have been used for perfumes and incense since ancient times. Today, the perfume industry incorporates extensive research on plant volatiles. Flavor chemists also study and use volatiles from plants to improve food quality. The vast information accumulated by perfume and flavor chemists forms an excellent base of knowledge for studying plant-insect interactions. The following is an overview on subsequent chapters which discuss some of the latest methods and equipment in sample preparation, analyses and identifications of volatiles from various flowers, leaves, and fruits. Also, activities other than olfactory responses, such as bacterial growth inhibition and increase or decrease of motor activity, are briefly reviewed.
Silica-based nanoprobes for biomedical imaging and theranostic applications (2012)

Nanoparticle-based contrast agents are attracting a great deal of attention for various biomedical imaging and theranostic applications. Compared to conventional contrast agents, nanoparticles possess several potential advantages to improve in vivo detection and to enhance targeting efficiency. Silica-based nanoprobes can be engineered to achieve longer blood circulation times, specific clearance pathways, and multivalent binding. In this tutorial review, we summarize the latest progress on designing silica-based nanoprobes for imaging and theranostic applications. The synthesis of both solid silica and mesoporous silica nanoparticles is described, along with different approaches used for surface functionalization. Special emphasis is placed on the application of silica-based nanoprobes in optical, magnetic resonance, and multimodal imaging. The latest breakthroughs in the applications of silica nanoparticles as theranostic agents are also highlighted.
A General and Efficient Synthesis of .alpha.-Azido Ketones (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA General and Efficient Synthesis of .alpha.-Azido KetonesTamos Patonay and Robert V. HoffmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 10, 2902–2905Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00089a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00089a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views669Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Differential Expression of Estrogen Receptor-β and Estrogen Receptor-α in the Rat Ovary (1999)

Immunohistochemical localization of two estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ER beta and ER alpha, was performed in neonatal, early postnatal, immature, and adult rats to determine whether ER alpha and ER beta are differentially expressed in the ovary. ER beta and ER alpha were visualized using a polyclonal anti-ER beta antibody and a monoclonal ER alpha (ID5) antibody, respectively. Postfixed frozen sections and antigen-retrieved paraffin sections of the ovary revealed nuclear ER beta immunoreactivity (IR) in granulosa cells, which was prevented when peptide-adsorbed antibody was used instead. In immature and adult rat ovaries, ER beta was expressed exclusively in nuclei of granulosa cells of primary, secondary, and mature follicles. Atretic follicle granulosa cells showed only weak or no staining. No specific nuclear ER beta IR was detected in thecal cells, luteal cells, interstitial cells, germinal epithelium, or oocytes. In neonatal rat ovary, no ER beta expression was found. In ovaries of 5- and 10-day-old rats, weak ER beta IR was observed in granulosa cells of primary and secondary follicles, but no staining was detected in the primordial follicles. ER alpha protein exhibited a differential distribution in the ovary with no detectable expression in the granulosa cells but evidence of ER alpha IR in germinal epithelium, interstitial cells, and thecal cells. In the oviduct and uterus, IR for ER alpha, but not ER beta, was found in luminal epithelium, stromal cells, muscle cells, and gland cells. Our present study demonstrates that ER beta and ER alpha proteins are expressed in distinctly different cell types in the ovary. The exclusive presence of ER beta in granulosa cells implies that this specific new subtype of ER beta mediates some effects of estrogen action in the regulation of growth and maturation of ovarian follicles.
The induction of α-amylase by starch in Aspergillus oryzae: evidence for controlled mRNA expression (1984)

The induction of alpha-amylase by starch has been studied in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. Low levels of alpha-amylase activity were found in both intracellular and extracellular samples from glucose-grown cultures. However, alpha-amylase activity increased when starch was the sole carbon source. The intracellular enzyme activity was induced by a factor of approximately 6.5, while the extracellular activity increased 20-fold over that found in the glucose-grown cultures. Regardless of the carbon source or cellular location, the molecular weight of the active protein was 52 500 +/- 1800 and only this protein reacted with antibodies specific for alpha-amylase. A parallel study of the in vitro translated proteins directed by poly(A)+ RNA fractions indicated a presumptive alpha-amylase with a similar isoelectric point but with a molecular weight of approximately 54 000. This protein was most prevalent using RNA from early, exponentially growing cultures in starch medium. Immunoprecipitation data indicate that the abundance of alpha-amylase transcripts decreases dramatically after the first 12 h, reflecting an initial transcription control for the expression of this enzyme.
Multi-vehicle path planning for non-line of sight communication (2006)

This paper presents the formulation and hardware results of a mixed-integer linear programming approach to online connectivity-constrained trajectory planning of autonomous helicopters through cluttered environments. A lead vehicle must execute a certain mission whereby wireless line of sight communication to its ground station is lost. Relay helicopters are therefore introduced that must position themselves in such a way that indirect line of sight connectivity between the leader and the ground station is always maintained. The corresponding coordinated multi-vehicle trajectory optimization is tackled using both centralized and distributed receding horizon planning strategies. Binary variables are used to capture connectivity, obstacle- and collision avoidance constraints, extending earlier formulations to model nonconvex obstacles more efficiently. Simulation, hardware in the loop, and flight test results are presented for a centralized two-helicopter mission. Simulation results for a distributed scenario are given as well
Real-time quantitation of HIV-1 p24 and SIV p27 using fluorescence-linked antigen quantification assays (2003)

We developed fluorescence-linked antigen quantification (FLAQ) assays for HIV-1 and SIV antigen quantitation. The assays utilize polystyrene microspheres coated with monoclonal antibodies against HIV-1 Gag p24 or SIV Gag p27, which are incubated with unknown samples, flourochrome-conjugated detector antibody, and lysing agent. The fluorescence of individual microspheres is measured using flow cytometry. The speed, simplicity, and wide dynamic range of FIAQ assays makes them superior to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for many applications performed in research laboratories.
Multibeam antennas with polarization and angle diversity (2002)

A 10-GHz discrete cylindrical lens array with multiple beams is designed and characterized as a receiving angle-diversity array for wireless communications in a multipath environment. The array also has dual-orthogonal polarization and therefore built-in polarization diversity. The array is designed for wide-angle scanning between -45/spl deg/ and 45/spl deg/ and measured scanning patterns are presented. The polarization isolation between the two channels is about 30 dB at boresite and about 10 dB for a 30/spl deg/ scan angle. The addition of the lens array at the very front end of a link shows significant reduction of multipath fading peak-to-null ratio.
Leveraging reads that span multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms for haplotype inference from sequencing data (2013)

bpasaniuc@mednet.ucla.edu or eeskin@cs.ucla.edu.