gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers: Where Are We Now? (2015)

Colorectal cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related death in the Western world. Patient survival is highly dependent on the tumor stage at the time of diagnosis. Reduced sensitivity to chemotherapy is still a major obstacle in effective treatment of advanced disease. Due to the fact that colorectal cancer is mostly asymptomatic until it progresses to advanced stages, the implementation of screening programs aimed at early detection is essential to reduce incidence and mortality rates. Current screening and diagnostic methods range from semi-invasive procedures such as colonoscopy to noninvasive stool-based tests. The combination of the absence of symptoms, the semi-invasive nature of currently used methods, and the suboptimal accuracy of fecal blood tests results in colorectal cancer diagnosis at advanced stages in a significant number of individuals. Alterations in gene expression leading to colorectal carcinogenesis are reflected in dysregulated levels of nucleic acids and proteins, which can be used for the development of novel, minimally invasive molecular biomarkers. The purpose of this review is to discuss the commercially available colorectal cancer molecular diagnostic methods as well as to highlight some of the new candidate predictive and prognostic molecular markers for tumor, stool, and blood samples.
Monoclonal Antibodies Against ICAM-1 and CD18 Attenuate Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rabbits (1998)

These findings provide the first evidence that the severity of cerebral vasospasm can be attenuated using monoclonal antibodies against ICAM-1 and CD18. The results reinforce the concept that cell-mediated inflammation plays an important role in cerebral vasospasm after SAH and suggest that therapeutic targeting of cellular adhesion molecules can be of benefit in treating cerebral vasospasm.
Applications for retinoids in cancer therapy. (1994)

Current data suggest that the spectacular responses seen with the single-agent use of all-trans RA in APL will probably not be replicated in other diseases in the near future. Nonetheless, that experience has revealed critical information that ultimately may be generalizable to other types of cancer. Among these lessons include the observation that in APL the t(15;17) translocation appears to dominate other cytogenetic lesions, such that therapy directed against that lesion corrects the leukemic process, irrespective of the presence of other abnormalities. In addition, the concept of induced cytodifferentiation as a practical and consistently successful method of cancer treatment has been validated. Although all-trans RA itself may not prove as useful in other diseases, it is not unreasonable to expect that other retinoids (or ligands of other nuclear receptors used alone or in combination) may be effective. Finally, although the expectation of cure in patients with advanced cancers may never be realized with these compounds, they have distinct activity as cancer chemopreventive drugs, and widespread clinical testing is ongoing. Perhaps more than any other therapy, this preventive indication affords the greatest opportunity to impact favorably on public health.
Structural conservation in the CheY superfamily (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural conservation in the CheY superfamilyKarl VolzCite this: Biochemistry 1993, 32, 44, 11741–11753Publication Date (Print):November 9, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 9 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00095a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00095a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views401Altmetric-Citations237LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Activation of the Alphavirus Spike Protein Is Suppressed by Bound E3 (2011)

Alphaviruses are taken up into the endosome of the cell, where acidic conditions activate the spikes for membrane fusion. This involves dissociation of the three E2-E1 heterodimers of the spike and E1 interaction with the target membrane as a homotrimer. The biosynthesis of the heterodimer as a pH-resistant p62-E1 precursor appeared to solve the problem of premature activation in the late and acidic parts of the biosynthetic transport pathway in the cell. However, p62 cleavage into E2 and E3 by furin occurs before the spike has left the acidic compartments, accentuating the problem. In this work, we used a furin-resistant Semliki Forest virus (SFV) mutant, SFV(SQL), to study the role of E3 in spike activation. The cleavage was reconstituted with proteinase K in vitro using free virus or spikes on SFV(SQL)-infected cells. We found that E3 association with the spikes was pH dependent, requiring acidic conditions, and that the bound E3 suppressed spike activation. This was shown in an in vitro spike activation assay monitoring E1 trimer formation with liposomes and a fusion-from-within assay with infected cells. Furthermore, the wild type, SFV(wt), was found to bind significant amounts of E3, especially if produced in dense cultures, which lowered the pH of the culture medium. This E3 also suppressed spike activation. The results suggest that furin-cleaved E3 continues to protect the spike from premature activation in acidic compartments of the cell and that its release in the neutral extracellular space primes the spike for low-pH activation.
Design and Analysis of Communication Network for Distributed SCADA System (2000)

This paper presents the design of hierarchical communication network for a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. Some key points, such as data transmission synchronizing, database distribution, data transformation, and the network communication optimization at the supervisory level of communication network are discussed. At control level, based on the specificity of communication lines for electrification railway, we utilize the structure of two-layer ring telecommunication network, as well as the efficient bidirectional polling scheme in software design. Then, an analysis for the scheme under normal and disturbsnce conditions is given. By means of the scheme, somare switching-over at fault point of channel is realized automatically.
Empirical modeling of batch fermentation kinetics for poly(glutamic acid) production and other microbial biopolymers (2004)

An empirical kinetic model is proposed for the batch production of poly(glutamic acid) from Bacillus subtilis IFO 3335. In addition, the proposed model was used to fit the kinetic data of poly(glutamic acid) production from other bacterial strains using different media, as well as kinetic data from different strains for the production of the exocellular biopolymers dextran, hyaluronic acid, xanthan, alginate, and the endocellular biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate. The empirical model treats the biopolymer as a component of the biomass and fits the experimental biomass data using a sigmoidal relationship that includes the maximum specific growth rate, mu(max), and the substrate saturation parameter, K(S). An empirical parameter, the relative coefficient (r), quantifies, in relative terms, the degree of nongrowth-associated biopolymer formation.
Parallel Prefix Computation (1980)

The prefix problem is to compute all the products x t o x2 .... o xk for i ~ k .~ n, where o is an associative operation A recurstve construction IS used to obtain a product circuit for solving the prefix problem which has depth exactly [log:n] and size bounded by 4n An application yields fast, small Boolean ctrcmts to simulate fimte-state transducers. By simulating a sequentml adder, a Boolean clrcmt which has depth 2[Iog2n] + 2 and size bounded by 14n Is obtained for n-bit binary addmon The size can be decreased significantly by permitting the depth to increase by an addmve constant
The role of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfates in the treatment of degenerative joint disease. (1998)

Successful treatment of osteoarthritis must effectively control pain, and should slow down or reverse progression of the disease. Biochemical and pharmacological data combined with animal and human studies demonstrate glucosamine sulfate is capable of satisfying these criteria. Glucosamine sulfate's primary biological role in halting or reversing joint degeneration appears to be directly due to its ability to act as an essential substrate for, and to stimulate the biosynthesis of, the glycosaminoglycans and the hyaluronic acid backbone needed for the formation of proteoglycans found in the structural matrix of joints. Chondroitin sulfates, whether they are absorbed intact or broken into their constituent components, similarly provide additional substrates for the formation of a healthy joint matrix. Evidence also supports the oral administration of chondroitin sulfates for joint disease, both as an agent to slowly reduce symptoms and to reduce the need for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The combined use of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfates in the treatment of degenerative joint disease has become an extremely popular supplementation protocol in arthritic conditions of the joints. Although glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfates are often administered together, there is no information available to demonstrate the combination produces better results than glucosamine sulfate alone.
Impairment of multicycle influenza virus growth in Vero (WHO) cells by loss of trypsin activity (1995)

We demonstrated that influenza virus replication in Vero (WHO) cells, a subline of African green monkey kidney cells, is impaired by rapid inactivation of trypsin in the culture fluids. Trypsin inactivation was caused by a factor secreted by Vero cells into the media. Repeated addition of trypsin to the culture medium of influenza virus-infected Vero cells restores the multicycle growth pattern of influenza A virus strains, allowing high yields to be obtained at a low multiplicity of infection. These findings may permit efficient use of Vero (WHO) cells in the production of influenza vaccines.
New Technique Maps the Body Electric (1997)

A new imaging technology may be emerging from the physics world. Last month, a meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine in Vancouver saw the introduction of Hall-effect imaging (HEI), a strategy for combining ultrasound with magnets and electrodes to map variations in the electrical conductivity of tissues. HEI could allow clinicians to distinguish tumors, fatty plaques, or areas of ischemia from normal tissue, something that9s difficult with ordinary ultrasound.
Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha and TNF-β Inhibit Clonogenicity of Mobilized Human Hematopoietic Progenitors (2000)

We studied the effect of tumor necrosis factors (TNF-alpha and TNF-beta) on the clonogenicity of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The cells were obtained by nine leukaphereses in patients with malignancies undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the number of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood and leukapheresis products. PBPC were grown in semisolid medium supplemented with human growth factors in the absence or presence of TNF at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 ng/ml. Colonies were scored on day 14. TNF-alpha and TNF-beta suppressed colony formation in all cases studied. TNF-alpha inhibited the growth of colony-forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) at 1 and 10 ng/ml and burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) at 10 ng/ml (p < 0.05), and TNF-beta inhibited the growth of CFU-GM and BFU-E at 1 and 10 ng/ml (p < 0.05). Thus, G-CSF-mobilized hematopoietic PBPC are highly sensitive to both TNF-alpha and TNF-beta. This finding should be taken in account when PBPC are handled ex vivo.
Translational Control of p27 Kip1 Accumulation During the Cell Cycle (1996)

Cell cycle phase transitions in eukaryotic cells are driven by regulation of the activity of protein kinases known as cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). A broad spectrum of Cdk-inhibitory activity associated with a 28-kilodalton protein (p28lck1) was induced in cells treated with the drug lovastatin or upon density-mediated growth arrest and was periodic in the cell cycle, with peak activity in G1. The p28lck1 protein was shown to be identical to p27Kip1, and the periodic or induced inhibitory activity resulted from a periodic accumulation of the protein. Variations in the amount of p27 protein occurred, whereas the abundance of the p27 messenger RNA remained unchanged. In every instance investigated, the posttranscriptional alteration of p27 protein levels was achieved in part by a mechanism of translational control, although in density-arrested fibroblasts and thymidine-arrested HeLa cells the half-life of the protein was also changed.
Allele loss patterns on chromosome 17q in 109 breast carcinomas indicate at least two distinct target regions. (1993)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of markers for chromosome 17 is the most frequent genetic change observed in breast cancer to date. To assess whether the location of several candidate target genes is compatible with patterns of allele losses in the individual tumors, we examined the LOH status of chromosome 17 in 109 primary breast tumors with 15 polymorphic DNA markers (three for 17p and 12 for 17q). Allelic imbalance (AI) at 17q was observed in 44 of the 97 informative cases. A significant correlation was found between AI at the long arm and AI at the short arm of chromosome 17. The patterns of AI on 17q in the tumors differed and were highly complex in some cases. A number of tumors showed AI distal to the growth hormone locus, whereas others showed AI exclusively proximal of this marker. These results indicate that there are at least two different regions of allele loss on 17q.
Human apolipoprotein E peptides inhibit hepatitis C virus entry by blocking virus binding (2012)

apoE peptides potently inhibit HCV infection and suggest a direct role of apoE in mediating HCV entry. Our findings also highlight the potential of developing apoE mimetic peptides as novel HCV entry inhibitors by targeting HCV-host interactions.
Fuzzy Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbine (2006)

To maintain the optimum blade tip speed ratio in order to obtain the maximum wind energy under lower wind speed, and to store or deliver some energy in order to enhance the flexibility of gear system and get stable output of power under higher wind speed, the angular speed of wind wheel is mainly used to control the variable speed wind turbine generator system. Building the accurate mathematical model of the wind turbine generator system is very difficult because of the uncertainty of air kinetics and the complexity of power electronics. To simplify and avoid the sophisticated mathematical model, fuzzy controller was designed to control the rotation moment of wind wheel and the reverse moment of the generator. The simulation model and results are obtained. Compared with the PID controller, using fuzzy controller the variable speed wind turbine generator system can get smooth output and has better anti-interference property
High efficiency CDMA RF power amplifier using dynamic envelope tracking technique (2002)

This work describes a 2-W peak-envelope linear power amplifier based upon the envelope tracking (ET) technique with application to CDMA cellular radio handsets. Both drain voltages of a two stage monolithic GaAs IC are varied with respect to the long term rms value of the modulated signal using a high efficiency Class-S modulator. The modulator is implemented as a single chip silicon IC to supply currents in excess of 1 A. The RF amplifier IC utilizes two AlGaAs/InGaAs heterostructure insulated-gate FET structures which allows single voltage supply operation with state-of-the-art linearity and efficiency performance. When driven by a CDMA O-QPSK signal, the ET amplifier exhibits desired spectral linearity while achieving a remarkable 5/spl times/ improvement in overall efficiency, compared to fixed supply bias, when measured in a reverse link urban based mobile transmitter power profile.
Isolation and chemical characterization of Alzheimer's disease paired helical filament cytoskeletons: differentiation from amyloid plaque core protein. (1988)

The paired helical filaments (PHFs) of Alzheimer's disease were purified by a strategy in which the neurons and amyloid plaque cores of protein (APCP) were initially isolated. This was achieved by several steps of isocratic sucrose centrifugations of increasing molarity and a discontinuous isotonic Percoll density gradient. After collagenase elimination of contaminating blood vessels, lysis of neurons was produced by SDS treatment. The released PHF cytoskeletons were separated from contaminating APCP and lipofuscin by sucrose density gradient. A final step consisted in the chemical purification of highly enriched PHFs and APCP components via a formic acid to guanidine hydrochloride transition. PHFs and APCPs were fractionated by size exclusion HPLC and further characterized and quantitated by automatic amino acid analysis. We also present some of the morphological and immunochemical characteristics of PHF polypeptides and APCP. Our studies indicate that apart from differences in localization and morphology, PHF and APCP significantly differ in (a) chemical structure (peptide and amino acid composition); (b) epitope specificity (antiubiquitin, antitau, antineurofilament); (c) physicochemical properties (structural conformation in guanidine hydrochloride); and (d) thioflavine T fluorescence emission. These parameters strongly suggest important differences in the composition and, probably, in the etiopathology of PHF and APCP of Alzheimer's disease.
Localization of Cancer Susceptibility Genes by Genome-wide Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Linkage-Disequilibrium Mapping (2004)

With the large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) available and new technologies that permit high throughput genotyping, we have investigated the possibility of the localization of disease genes with genome-wide panels of SNP markers and taking advantage of the linkage-disequilibrium (LD) between the disease gene and closely linked markers. For this purpose, we selected cases from the Ashkenazi Jewish population, in which the mutant alleles are expected to be identical by descent from a common founder and the regions of LD encompassing these mutant alleles are large. As a validation of this approach for localization, we performed two trials: one in autosomal recessive Bloom syndrome, in which a unique mutation of the BLM gene is present at elevated frequencies in cases, and the other in autosomal dominant hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), in which a unique mutation of MSH2 is present at elevated frequencies. In the Bloom syndrome trial, we genotyped 3,258 SNPs in 10 Jewish Bloom syndrome cases and 31 non-Bloom syndrome Jewish persons as a comparison group. In the HNPCC trial, we genotyped 8,549 SNPS in 13 Jewish HNPCC cases whose colon cancers exhibited microsatellite instability and in 63 healthy Jews as a comparison group. To identify significant associations, we performed (a) Fisher's exact test comparing genotypes at each locus in cases versus controls and (b) a haplotype analysis by estimating the frequency of haplotypes with the expectation-maximization algorithm and comparing haplotype frequencies in cases versus controls by logistic regression and a maximum likelihood ratio method. In the Bloom syndrome trial, by Fisher's exact test, statistically significant association was detected at a single locus, TSC0754862, which is a locus 1.7 million bp from BLM. Two-locus, three-locus, and four-locus haplotypes that included TSC0754862 and flanked BLM were also statistically more frequent in cases versus controls. In the HNPCC trial, although a significant P value was not obtained by the single SNP genotype analysis, significant associations were detected for several multilocus haplotypes in an 11-million-bp region that contained the MSH2 gene. This work demonstrates the power of the LD mapping approach in an isolated population and its general applicability to the identification of novel cancer-causing genes.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐SUBSTITUTED PERFLUOROALKYL THIOAMIDES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES (1977)

Abstract Reaktionen der Poly‐ fluorcarbonsäureamide (I) mit P 2 S 5 in Dioxan oder Pyridin bei Siedetemperatur (5 h) liefern die Thioamide (II).
A randomised, double-blind, controlled trial comparing two intra-articular hyaluronic acid preparations differing by their molecular weight in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (2012)

Treatment with 3-weekly injections of intermediate MW HA may be superior to low MW HA on knee OA symptoms over 6 months, with similar safety.
Retroviral delivery of small interfering RNA into primary cells (2002)

RNA interference is an evolutionarily conserved process in which recognition of double-stranded RNA ultimately leads to posttranscriptional suppression of gene expression. This suppression is mediated by short (21- to 22-nt) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which induce degradation of mRNA based on complementary base pairing. The silencing of gene expression by siRNAs is emerging rapidly as a powerful method for genetic analysis. Recently, several groups have reported systems designed to express siRNAs in mammalian cells through transfection of either oligonucleotides or plasmids encoding siRNAs. Because these systems rely on transfection for delivery, the cell types available for study are restricted generally to transformed cell lines. Here, we describe a retroviral system for delivery of siRNA into cells. The use of retroviral vectors can greatly expand the types of cells available for RNA interference analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this retroviral system allows for stable inactivation of genes in primary cells.