gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin and Adrenal Steroidogenesis: Study of 21-Hydroxylase-Deficient Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (1980)

The effects of angiotensin have been studied in four adult patients with the simple virilizing form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. They were treated with hydrocortisone (25 mg/day) throughout this investigation. Plasma ACTH was normal in three cases, and androstenedione was normal in all cases. However, urinary pregnanetriol, plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17 OHP), aldosterone, and renin activity was increased. The patients were then submitted to three protocols: sodium depletion (10 meq Na/day) for 5 days, sodium repletion (200 meq Na/day) for 5 days, and angiotensin infusion (sufficient to maintain a pressor response) for 60 min. Urinary pregnanetriol, plasma 17 OHP, and androstenedione levels increased in all patients after sodium depletion and decreased after sodium repletion. Plasma ACTH levels were not modified by changes in the sodium balance. Furthermore, angiotensin infusion increased aldosterone and 17 OHP plasma concentrations without any change in the plasma ACTH level. This study shows the direct action of angiotensin on adrenal steroidogenesis, at least in 21-hydroxylase deficiency. It confirms that even in the simple virilizing form, combined treatment with glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids helps to normalize plasma 17 OHP levels.
SUCUPIRA: A system for Information extraction of the Lattes Platform to identify academic social networks (2011)

Today, the Lattes Platform is undoubtedly the major source of information on Brazilian researchers. Hence, it has a very high potential for extracting information. This paper describes "SUCUPIRA", a system for Information extraction of the Lattes Platform to identify academic social networks.
On the difficulty of training Recurrent Neural Networks (2012)

There are two widely known issues with properly training Recurrent Neural Networks, the vanishing and the exploding gradient problems detailed in Bengio et al. (1994). In this paper we attempt to improve the understanding of the underlying issues by exploring these problems from an analytical, a geometric and a dynamical systems perspective. Our analysis is used to justify a simple yet effective solution. We propose a gradient norm clipping strategy to deal with exploding gradients and a soft constraint for the vanishing gradients problem. We validate empirically our hypothesis and proposed solutions in the experimental section.
Beckingham 36 Horizontal Well (1989)

Summary BP Petroleum Development Ltd. successfully drilled and completed the first horizontal well in the United Kingdom as part of its 1985 R&amp;D program. The well, Beckingham 36 (BK 36), was drilled on an existing land field near Gainsborough, U.K. This paper discusses the detailed planning for and the execution of the drilling operation. Conclusions and recommendations are presented for future wells.
Dynamic Responses in Nanocomposite Hydrogels (2006)

The shear response of a series of polymer−clay gels has been investigated by means of rheology and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The gels have the same composition by mass but different polymer molecular weights (Mw). While long polymer chains can interconnect several platelets, which act as multifunctional cross-links, very short polymer chains should not be able to do so, allowing us to explore the effects of bridging on structure and dynamical responses. Increasing the polymer Mw in the gels leads to increasingly strong anisotropy in the SANS data, indicating a larger and larger degree of shear orientation. This relative increase in orientation, however, is accompanied by a relatively lower amount of shear thinning. Simple solutions of anisotropic particles usually shear thin by alignment of the particles with the flow, allowing them for example to slide past each other more easily. In a connected gel, breaking of the connectivity should also lead to shear thinning. Thus, the inverse relationship between shear orientation and shear thinning, combined with the fact that the lowest Mw, which exhibits the highest shear thinning, does not orient at all, supports our earlier hypothesis that the alignment mechanism in these systems stems from the coupling between the clay and the polymer mediated by the shear flow and nicely demonstrates the effect of bridging on the strength and dynamics of these gels.
NMR Studies on Turn Mimetic Analogs Derived from Melanocyte-stimulating Hormones (2003)

Oligomers with alpha-aminooxy acids are reported to form very stable turn and helix structures, and they are supposed to be useful peptidomimetics for drug design. A recent report suggested that homochiral oxa-peptides form a strong eight-member-ring structure by a hydrogen bond between adjacent aminooxy-acid residues in a CDCl3 solution. In order to design an alpha-MSH analog with a stable turn conformation, we synthesized four tetramers and one pentamer, based on alpha-MSH sequence, and determined the solution structures of the molecules by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and simulated annealing calculations. The solution conformations of the three peptidomimetic molecules (TLV, TDV, and TLL) in DMSO-d6 contain a stable 7-membered-ring structure that is similar to a gamma-turn in normal peptides. Newly-designed tetramer TDF and pentamer PDF have a ball-type rigid structure that is induced by strong hydrogen bonds between adjacent amide protons and carbonyl oxygens. In conclusion, the aminooxy acids, easily prepared from natural or unnatural amino acids, can be employed to prepare peptidomimetic analogues with well-defined turn structures for pharmaceutical interest.
Facile, Novel Methodology for the Synthesis of Spiro[pyrrolidin-3,3′-oxindoles]: Catalyzed Ring Expansion Reactions of Cyclopropanes by Aldimines (1999)

The role of the bifunctional catalyst is decisive: The magnesium ion as Lewis acid and its nucleophilic iodide counterion contribute in synergy to the successful ring expansion of the cyclopropane 1 by aldimine 2 [Eq. (1)]. This reaction offers a novel route to spiro[pyrrolidin-3,3'-oxindoles] 3.
Inverse Relation Between Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Dehydroisoandrosterone Sulfate in Human Fetal Plasma (1980)

A striking inverse correlation was found in umbilical cord plasma between the concentrations of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol but not high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol or very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate is a major secretory product of the human fetal adrenal and the principal precursor of placental estrogen production. The data suggest that the concentrations for LDL-cholesterol in fetal plasma are influenced by the rate of utilization of LDL-cholesterol by the fetal adrenal for steroidogenesis and are not necessarily related to a genetic predisposition for hypercholesterolemia or other lipoprotein disorders.
Basic fibroblast growth factor 에 의해 유도된 쥐의 각막 혈관생성에 있어서 urokinase plasminogen activator (1997)

혈관생성과정중 urokinase plasminogen activator(uPA)와 수용체(uPAR)의 결합은 혈관생성경로에서 중요한 요소이다. 저자들은 uPA(residuse 1-48)의 endothelial growth factor(EGF)-like 영역에 IgG의 Fc부분을 결합시킨 융합단백을 uPAR에 대한 친화성이 높은 경쟁적인 길항체로 만들었다.이러한 recombinant mirine uPA1-48-IgG 융합단백이 basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)로 유도 된 쥐 각막의 혈관생성을 억제할 수 있는지 알아보았다. 쥐 7안에 250ng의 bFGF와 uPA1-48-IgG 융합단백 4.2ug을,나머지 7안에서는 250ng의 bFGF 와 phosphate-buffered saline(PBS) 4.2ug을 함유하는 원반을 상각막윤부로부터 1.5mm 떨어진
각막 실질내에 삽입하였다. 원반 삽입후 5일째에 uPA1-48-IgG 융합단백으로 처치한 군은 평균 3.1점.PBS로 처치한 군은 평균 6.1점으로 실험군이 대조군에 비해 혈관생성이 감소되었다(p<0.05, Wilcoxon rank sumtest). 쥐 미세낭 검정법에서 uPA1-48-IgG 융합단백이 bFGF로 유도된 혈관생성을 억제하는 것을 알았
다.따라서 uPA와 uPAR의 결합을 차단하는 물질이 혈관생성 억제로서 치료가능성이 있을 것으로 생각된다(한안지 38:553~558, 1997).
Complete amino acid sequence and homologies of human erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2. (1990)

The complete amino acid sequence for human erythrocyte band 4.2 has been derived from the nucleotide sequence of a full-length 2.35-kilobase (kb) cDNA. The 2.35-kb cDNA was isolated from a human reticulocyte cDNA library made in the expression vector lambda gt11. Of the 2348 base pairs (bp), 2073 bp encode 691 amino acids representing 76.9 kDa (the SDS/PAGE molecular mass is 72 kDa). RNA blot analysis of human reticulocyte total RNA gives a message size for band 4.2 of 2.4 kb. The amino acid sequence of band 4.2 has homology with two closely related Ca2(+)-dependent cross-linking proteins, guinea pig liver transglutaminase (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase; protein-glutamine: amine gamma-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.13) (32% identity in a 446-amino acid overlap) and the a subunit of human coagulation factor XIII (27% identity in a 639-amino acid overlap), a transglutaminase that forms intermolecular gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine bonds between fibrin molecules. The region of greatest identity includes a 49-amino acid stretch of band 4.2, which is 69% and 51% identical with guinea pig liver transglutaminase and the a subunit of factor XIII, respectively, within the regions that contain the active sites of these enzymes. Significantly, within the five contiguous consensus residues of the transglutaminase active site, Gly-Gln-Cys-Trp-Val, band 4.2 has an alanine substituted for cysteine (which is apparently essential for activity). Consistent with this active site substitution, erythrocyte membranes or inside-out vesicles, which contain band 4.2, show no evidence of transglutaminase activity by two types of in vitro assay.
Triple jeopardy: low income, chronically ill and uninsured in America. (2002)

At least 7.4 million working-age Americans with chronic conditions--such as diabetes, heart disease and depression--lacked health insurance in 1999, according to new research findings from the Center for Studying Health System Change(HSC). Uninsured people with chronic conditions report worse health and more functional limitations and are three times more likely not to get needed medical care compared to those who are privately insured. The vast majority of uninsured people with chronic conditions delayed or did not get needed care because of cost. About 63 percent of the uninsured with chronic conditions--roughly 4.7 million Americans--have family incomes below 200 percent of poverty, or about $35,000 a year for a family of four in 2001. Faced with the triple threat of low income, ongoing health problems and no health insurance, this group confronts great difficulty getting and paying for needed care.
Formal Total Syntheses of the β-Lactam Antibiotics Thienamycin and PS-5 (1996)

Chiral nonracemic acetylenic acids of general structure 11, prepared using the Schreiber modification of the Nicholas reaction, have been converted to β-amino acid derivatives of type 12 by a two-step sequence involving Curtius rearrangement followed by oxidative cleavage of the acetylenic bond. Amino acid derivatives 12 are excellent precursors for β-lactams of the carbapenem class, including the important antibiotics thienamycin (1) and PS-5 (4).
A review of microvalves (2006)

This review gives a brief overview of microvalves, and focuses on the actuation mechanisms and their applications. One of the stumbling blocks for successful miniaturization and commercialization of fully integrated microfluidic systems was the development of reliable microvalves. Applications of the microvalves include flow regulation, on/off switching and sealing of liquids, gases or vacuums. Microvalves have been developed in the form of active or passive microvalves employing mechanical, non-mechanical and external systems. Even though great progress has been made during the last 20 years, there is plenty of room for further improving the performance of existing microvalves.
Energy Transfer in Mechanical Alloying (<I>Overview</I>) (1995)

It is essential to understand in which way and how much energy is transferred from the milling tools to the powder in the milling process. We have attempted to quantify the energy transferred per impact and per unit of mass in a planetary mill assuming that collision is the dominant energy transfer event. Further, attrition mechanism (rolling/sliding) has been considered by evaluating the effect of filling the milling vessel. The energy transfers evaluated by the above modelization have been proved to be able to correlate the input energy and the different solid state reaction undergone by the Pd–Si system submitted to the milling action in both planetary and shaker mills. Measurements of power consumption during the milling process have been also performed and compared with those based on theoretical modelization. The fairly good agreement obtained gives a strong support to the validity of the theoretical background.
Improved Prefusion Stability, Optimized Codon Usage, and Augmented Virion Packaging Enhance the Immunogenicity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein in a Vectored-Vaccine Candidate (2017)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important viral agent of severe pediatric respiratory tract disease worldwide, but it lacks a licensed vaccine or suitable antiviral drug. A live attenuated chimeric bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 (rB/HPIV3) was developed previously as a vector expressing RSV fusion (F) protein to confer bivalent protection against RSV and HPIV3. In a previous clinical trial in virus-naive children, rB/HPIV3 was well tolerated but the immunogenicity of wild-type RSV F was unsatisfactory. We previously modified RSV F with a designed disulfide bond (DS) to increase stability in the prefusion (pre-F) conformation and to be efficiently packaged in the vector virion. Here, we further stabilized pre-F by adding both disulfide and cavity-filling mutations (DS-Cav1), and we also modified RSV F codon usage to have a lower CpG content and a higher level of expression. This RSV F open reading frame was evaluated in rB/HPIV3 in three forms: (i) pre-F without vector-packaging signal, (ii) pre-F with vector-packaging signal, and (iii) secreted pre-F ectodomain trimer. Despite being efficiently expressed, the secreted pre-F was poorly immunogenic. DS-Cav1 stabilized pre-F, with or without packaging, induced higher titers of pre-F specific antibodies in hamsters, and improved the quality of RSV-neutralizing serum antibodies. Codon-optimized RSV F containing fewer CpG dinucleotides had higher F expression, replicated more efficiently <i>in vivo</i>, and was more immunogenic. The combination of DS-Cav1 pre-F stabilization, optimized codon usage, reduced CpG content, and vector packaging significantly improved vector immunogenicity and protective efficacy against RSV. This provides an improved vectored RSV vaccine candidate suitable for pediatric clinical evaluation.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> RSV and HPIV3 are the first and second leading viral causes of severe pediatric respiratory disease worldwide. Licensed vaccines or suitable antiviral drugs are not available. We are developing a chimeric rB/HPIV3 vector expressing RSV F as a bivalent RSV/HPIV3 vaccine and have been evaluating means to increase RSV F immunogenicity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of improved stabilization of F in the pre-F conformation and of codon optimization resulting in reduced CpG content and greater pre-F expression. Reduced CpG content dampened the interferon response to infection, promoting higher replication and increased F expression. We demonstrate that improved pre-F stabilization and strategic manipulation of codon usage, together with efficient pre-F packaging into vector virions, significantly increased F immunogenicity in the bivalent RSV/HPIV3 vaccine. The improved immunogenicity included induction of increased titers of high-quality complement-independent antibodies with greater pre-F site Ø binding and greater protection against RSV challenge.
Parametric coding of stereo AUDIO based on principal component analysis (2006)

International audience
Effect of Two- and Three-Locus Linkage Disequilibrium on the Power to Detect Marker/Phenotype Associations (2004)

There has been much recent interest in describing the patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) along a chromosome. Most empirical studies that have examined this issue have concentrated on LD between collections of pairs of markers and have not considered the joint effect of a group of markers beyond these pairwise connections. Here, we examine many different patterns of LD defined by both pairwise and joint multilocus LD terms. The LD patterns we considered were chosen in part by examining those seen in real data. We examine how changes in these patterns affect the power to detect association when performing single-marker and haplotype-based case-control tests, including a novel haplotype test based on contrasting LD between affected and unaffected individuals. Through our studies we find that differences in power between single-marker tests and haplotype-based tests in general do not appear to be large. Where moderate to high levels of multilocus LD exist, haplotype tests tend to be more powerful. Single-marker tests tend to prevail when pairwise LD is high. For moderate pairwise values and weak multilocus LD, either testing strategy may come out ahead, although it is also quite likely that neither has much power.
Benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp (OMe) fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD.FMK) inhibits apoptosis by blocking the processing of CPP32 (1996)

Interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like proteases, which are synthesized as inactive precursors, play a key role in the induction of apoptosis. We now demonstrate that benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp (OMe) fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD.FMK), an ICE-like protease inhibitor, inhibits apoptosis by preventing the processing of CPP32 to its active form. These results suggest that novel inhibitors of apoptosis can be developed which prevent processing of proforms of ICE-like proteases.
Porous polymer monoliths: Simple and efficient mixers prepared by direct polymerization in the channels of microfluidic chips (2001)

Porous monolithic polymers have been prepared by photoinitiated polymerization of mixtures consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethylene dimethacrylate, UV-sensitive free radical initiator and porogenic solvent within channels of specifically designed microfluidic chips and used as micromixers. Substituting azobisisobutyronitrile with 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone considerably accelerated the kinetics of the polymerization. Mixtures of cyclohexanol and 1 -dodecanol and of hexane and methanol were used, respectively, to control the porous properties and therefore the mixing efficiency of the device. The performance of the monolithic mixers has been tested by pumping aqueous solutions of two fluorescent dyes at various flow rates and monitoring the point at which the boundary of both streams completely disappears. Best results were achieved with a monolithic mixer containing very large irregular pores.
T cell responses affected by aminopeptidase N (CD13)-mediated trimming of major histocompatibility complex class II-bound peptides. (1996)

Endocytosed protein antigens are believed to be fragmented in what appears to be a balance between proteolysis and MHC-mediated epitope protection, and the resulting peptide-MHC complexes are transported to the surface of the antigen-presenting cells (APC) and presented to T cells. The events that lead to antigenic peptide generation and the compartments where antigen processing takes place remains somewhat enigmatic. The importance of intracellular antigen processing has been well established; however, it is unclear whether additional processing occurs at the APC surface. To follow antigen processing, we have identified a pair of T cell hybridomas that recognize a long vs. a short version of the same epitope. We have used prefixed APC and various protease inhibitors to demonstrate that the APC surface has a considerable potential for antigen processing. Specific antibodies further identified the exopeptidase Aminopeptidase N (APN, CD13) as one of the enzymes involved in the observed cell-surface antigen processing. The NH2-terminal end of the longer peptide could, even while bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, be digested by APN with dramatic consequences for T cell antigen recognition. This could be demonstrated both in cell-free systems using purified reagents and in cellular systems. Thus, MHC class II and APN may act in concert to generate the final T cell epitopes.
Ubiquitin-specific Peptidase 21 Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor α-induced Nuclear Factor κB Activation via Binding to and Deubiquitinating Receptor-interacting Protein 1 (2009)

Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) play an important role in the positive and negative regulation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. Using a combination of functional genomic and proteomic approaches, we have identified ubiquitin-specific peptidase 21 (USP21) as a deubiquitinase for RIP1. USP21 is constitutively associated with RIP1 and deubiquitinates RIP1 in vitro and in vivo. Notably, knockdown of USP21 in HeLa cells enhances TNFalpha-induced RIP1 ubiquitination, IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta), and NF-kappaB phosphorylation, inhibitor of NF-kappaB alpha (IkappaB alpha) phosphorylation and ubiquitination, as well as NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression. Therefore, our results demonstrate that USP21 plays an important role in the down-regulation of TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB activation through deubiquitinating RIP1.
Complete dental bleaching (1995)

Bleaching - a new role for restorative dentistry the chemistry of bleaching diagnosis and treatment planning in-office bleaching of vital teeth nightguard vital bleaching bleaching pulpless teeth total team care in combination bleaching.
C-Reactive Protein Levels Predict Postoperative Septic Complications (1987)

We studied 108 patients undergoing clean-contaminated and dirty surgical procedures to determine whether daily C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements for 14 days postoperatively could predict the occurrence of septic complications prior to clinical diagnosis. Diagnostic criteria for septic complications and positive CRP response were defined in advance of the study. The CRP assays were carried out using an automated laser nephelometer system after the patient's discharge from the hospital. Forty-six septic complications were diagnosed in 40 patients. These complications consisted of wound infection (23), urinary tract infection (11), pneumonia (six), upper respiratory tract infection (three), intra-abdominal abscess (one), and other (two). The CRP testing was found to have a positive predictive value of 69% and a negative predictive value of 78%. We conclude that serial CRP measurements may be a valuable adjunct to surgical care in patients at high risk of postoperative septic complications.
Honoring Choice by Consenting Adults: Prospective Conflict Waivers as a Mature Solution to Ethical Gamesmanship--A Response to Mr. Fox (2001)

In a recent article entitled All’s OK Between Consenting Adults: Enlightened Rule on Privacy, Obscene Rule on Ethics, published in Volume 29 of this Law Review (the “Article”), author Lawrence J. Fox assails the increasing utilization of prospective conflict waivers by law firms with even the most sophisticated corporate clients. The central thesis of the Article is that a prospective conflicts waiver agreement between a law firm and a highly sophisticated client, even one advised on the implications of the waiver by independent counsel, at the inception of the attorney-client relationship when both are able to make