gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide sequences of two pea cDNA clones encoding the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and the major chlorophyll a/b-binding thylakoid polypeptide. (1983)

Two major chloroplast proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and synthesized on free cytoplasmic ribosomes: the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and the apoprotein components of the chlorophyll a/b light harvesting complex. We have recently reported the isolation of two cDNA clones from pea which encode both the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (pSS15) and the polypeptide 15 (pAB96), the major chlorophyll a/b binding protein (Broglie, R., Bellemare, G., Bartlett, S., Chua, N.-H., and Cashmore, A. R. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 7304-7308). To further characterize these clones, we determined their nucleotide sequence. Clone pSS15 contains a 691-base pair cDNA insert which encodes the entire 123 amino acids of the mature small subunit protein. In addition, this clone also encodes 33 amino acids of the NH2-terminal transit peptide extension and 148 nucleotides of the 3' noncoding region preceding the poly(A)tail. A second cDNA clone (pAB96) contains an 833-nucleotide insert which encodes most of polypeptide 15. The DNA sequence of this cloned cDNA was used to deduce the previously undetermined amino acid sequence of this integral thylakoid membrane protein. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA clone, pSS15, should provide information concerning the role of the transit sequence in the transport of cytoplasmically synthesized chloroplast proteins. Similarly, the deduced amino acid sequence of polypeptide 15 will provide information for predicting its orientation in thylakoid membranes as well as its role in binding chlorophyll.
First-in-Man Evaluation of 2 High-Affinity PSMA-Avid Small Molecules for Imaging Prostate Cancer (2013)

This phase 1 study was performed to determine the pharmacokinetics and ability to visualize prostate cancer in bone, soft-tissue, and the prostate gland using <sup>123</sup>I-MIP-1072 and <sup>123</sup>I-MIP-1095, novel radiolabeled small molecules targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen. <b>Methods:</b> Seven patients with a documented history of prostate cancer by histopathology or radiologic evidence of metastatic disease were intravenously administered 370 MBq (10 mCi) of <sup>123</sup>I-MIP-1072 and <sup>123</sup>I-MIP-1095 2 wk apart in a crossover trial design. <sup>123</sup>I-MIP-1072 was also studied in 6 healthy volunteers. Whole-body planar and SPECT/CT imaging was performed and pharmacokinetics studied over 2–3 d. Target-to-background ratios were calculated. Absorbed radiation doses were estimated using OLINDA/EXM. <b>Results:</b><sup>123</sup>I-MIP-1072 and <sup>123</sup>I-MIP-1095 visualized lesions in soft tissue, bone, and the prostate gland within 0.5–1 h after injection, with retention beyond 48 h. Target-to-background ratios from planar images averaged 2:1 at 1 h, 3:1 at 4–24 h, and greater than 10:1 at 4 and 24 h for SPECT/CT. Both agents cleared the blood in a biphasic manner; clearance of <sup>123</sup>I-MIP-1072 was approximately 5 times faster. <sup>123</sup>I-MIP-1072 was excreted in the urine, with 54% and 74% present by 24 and 72 h, respectively. In contrast, only 7% and 20% of <sup>123</sup>I-MIP-1095 had been renally excreted by 24 and 72 h, respectively. Estimated absorbed radiation doses were 0.054 versus 0.110 mGy/MBq for the kidneys and 0.024 versus 0.058 mGy/MBq for the liver, for <sup>123</sup>I-MIP-1072 and <sup>123</sup>I-MIP-1095, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b><sup>123</sup>I-MIP-1072 and <sup>123</sup>I-MIP-1095 detect lesions in soft tissue, bone, and the prostate gland at as early as 1–4 h. These novel radiolabeled small molecules have excellent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and warrant further development as diagnostic and potentially when labeled with <sup>131</sup>I therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals.
(Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium and -iridium complexes: approaches to new types of homogeneous catalysts (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium and -iridium complexes: approaches to new types of homogeneous catalystsPeter M. MaitlisCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1978, 11, 8, 301–307Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50128a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50128a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1203Altmetric-Citations201LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Comparison of Vancomycin and Metronidazole for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea, Stratified by Disease Severity (2007)

Our findings suggest that metronidazole and vancomycin are equally effective for the treatment of mild CDAD, but vancomycin is superior for treating patients with severe CDAD.
Capitalizing on Cancer Specific Replication: Oncolytic Viruses as a Versatile Platform for the Enhancement of Cancer Immunotherapy Strategies (2016)

The past decade has seen considerable excitement in the use of biological therapies in treating neoplastic disease. In particular, cancer immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy have emerged as two frontrunners in this regard with the first FDA approvals for agents in both categories being obtained in the last 5 years. It is becoming increasingly apparent that these two approaches are not mutually exclusive and that much of the therapeutic benefit obtained from the use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) is in fact the result of their immunotherapeutic function. Indeed, OVs have been shown to recruit and activate an antitumor immune response and much of the current work in this field centers around increasing this activity through strategies such as engineering genes for immunomodulators into OV backbones. Because of their broad immunostimulatory functions, OVs can also be rationally combined with a variety of other immunotherapeutic approaches including cancer vaccination strategies, adoptive cell transfer and checkpoint blockade. Therefore, while they are important therapeutics in their own right, the true power of OVs may lie in their ability to enhance the effectiveness of a wide range of immunotherapies.
Soluble CD23 is released by B lymphocytes cycling in response to interleukin 4 and anti‐Bp50 (CDw40) (1988)

An enzyme-linked immunoassay was developed to quantitate the production of soluble CD23 from cycling B lymphocytes. This molecule has identity both with B cell-derived B cell growth factor and with an IgE-binding factor. B lymphocytes, which had been stimulated for 3 days with phorbol dibutyrate and calcium ionophore, washed and recultured, failed to produce detectable levels of CD23 over the following 3 days. Soluble CD23 was found, however, in the supernatant of cultures where recombinant interleukin 4 had been included. The level of CD23 rose dramatically when anti-Bp50 had also been added. By contrast, anti-Bp50, alone or together with low molecular weight T cell-derived B cell growth factor, failed to promote the release of CD23 in detectable amounts. There was a strong correlation between the appearance of soluble CD23 in culture supernatants and the expression of CD23 on the surface of restimulated cells. The level of CD23 release appeared to relate more to the continued cycling of cells than to their differentiation to immunoglobulin secretion. These findings are discussed with particular emphasis on the role of CD23 as an important multi-functional lymphokine in B lymphocyte physiology.
Effects of freezing and freeze‐drying on the biomechanical properties of rat bone (1983)

The effects of various preservation techniques on the biomechanical properties of bone have been investigated in a rat model. Freezing of the specimens to -20 degrees C, -70 degrees C, and -196 degrees C did not adversely affect the strength of long bones tested in torsion or of vertebral bodies tested in compression. Freeze-drying did not markedly affect the compression properties of the vertebral specimens; however, it did produce a significant deleterious reduction in the torsional strength of the long bones.
Dysregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in premalignant lesions during head and neck tumorigenesis. (1994)

The development of head and neck cancer, believed to result from field cancerization and a multistep process of tumorigenesis, is often associated with an accumulation of genotypic and phenotypic alterations. The phenotypic changes could be the result of dysregulation of growth control genes such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). With the goal of identifying a potential biomarker of the multistep process of tumorigensis, we studied specimens of 36 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas from 5 different sites that contained normal epithelia and/or premalignant lesions adjacent to the tumors. Almost all of the individuals from whom these specimens were obtained had been exposed to first-hand smoking and/or alcohol consumption. Using a monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody for immunohistochemical analysis on paraffin-embedded sections with attached 886 cells for internal control, the levels of EGFR expression were assessed by image analysis. The relative staining intensity of EGFR in normal epithelia adjacent to tumors was 2-fold higher than that in normal control epithelium (P = 0.021), suggesting that, even in histologically normal epithelium, EGFR was already up-regulated in tissues surrounding tumors. These findings supported the theory of field cancerization in head and neck tumorigenesis. As tissue progressed from normal tissue adjacent to tumor to hyperplasia and to dysplasia, EGFR expression remained elevated. However, in the step from dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma, EGFR expression was further and dramatically up-regulated (P = 0.01). Therefore, these results indicate that EGFR dysregulation happens in two steps, the moderate up-regulation of EGFR expression in normal epithelium adjacent to tumor and the further up-regulation of EGFR expression in the change from dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma. In summary, the studies presented here indicate that EGFR dysregulation might be a useful marker for identifying individuals at risk of tumor development and an intermediate end point in chemoprevention trials.
INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS (1987)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Error analysis of a Mueller matrix polarimeter (1990)

An error analysis of a Mueller matrix polarimeter with dual rotating retarders is presented. Errors in orientational alignment of three of the four polarization elements are considered. Errors that are due to nonideal retardation elements are also included in the analysis. Compensation for imperfect retardation elements is possible with the equations derived, and the equations permit a calibration of the polarimeter for azimuthal alignment of polarization elements. An analytical treatment is given and is followed by numerical examples. The latter should prove useful in the laboratory in comparing precalibrated experimental results with theoretical predictions.
Selection of Smart Aptamers by Equilibrium Capillary Electrophoresis of Equilibrium Mixtures (ECEEM) (2005)

We coin a term of "smart aptamers", which describes aptamers with predefined binding parameters of their interaction with the target. Here, we introduce a method for selection of smart aptamers with predefined values of Kd: equilibrium capillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures (ECEEM). Conceptually, a mixture of a target with a DNA (RNA) library is prepared and equilibrated. A plug of the equilibrium mixture is injected into a capillary prefilled with a run buffer containing the target at the concentration identical to the target concentration in the equilibrium mixture. The components of the equilibrium mixture are separated by capillary electrophoresis while equilibrium is maintained between the target and aptamers. The unique feature of ECEEM is that aptamers with different Kd values migrate with different and predictable mobilities. Thus, collecting fractions with different mobilities results in smart aptamers with different and predefined Kd values. In this proof-of-principle work, we used ECEEM to select smart aptamers for MutS protein, for which aptamers have never been previously selected. Three rounds of ECEEM-based selection were sufficient to obtain smart aptamers with Kd values approaching theoretically predicted ones. ECEEM is the first method for aptamer selection whose ability to generate smart aptamers has been experimentally proven.
A brief guide to anthrax. (2003)

Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. The organism is found in soil and is directly transmissible to humans via skin abrasions or by inhalation or ingestion of airborne spores. This article provides an overview of the history, microbiology and epidemiology of anthrax, and the various types of the disease. The article also discusses diagnosis and treatment as well as vaccination and infection control issues. In light of recent publicity over the use of anthrax as a form of bioterrorism, all health care workers should develop sufficient knowledge of anthrax, including how it is spread and the risk to the general public, in order to be able to provide appropriate information if necessary.
Identification and Characterization of Posttranslational Modifications of Proteins by MALDI Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (1997)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) ion trap mass spectrometry is shown to be a powerful tool for the elucidation of protein modifications. Low-energy covalent bonds that originate from certain posttranslational modifications dissociate preferentially to produce characteristic mass spectrometric signatures that prove useful for the accurate, confident identification and characterization of such modifications. Because the MALDI ion trap is an authentic tandem mass spectrometer, it proves feasible to acquire secondary information to test hypotheses as to the nature and site of the putative modifications--further increasing the reliability of the tool. The method combines the advantageous features of MALDI (i.e., the ability to measure the same sample repeatedly, to measure unfractionated complex mixtures without the need for sample cleaning, and to determine peptide mixtures with subpicomole sensitivity) with the ease and the speed of the ion trap measurement. We demonstrate how the unique properties of MALDI ion trap MS can be used to address problems involving the determination of both native posttranslational modifications of proteins (e.g., disulfide mapping, glycosylation determination, and phosphorylation determination) and non-native chemical modifications of proteins (e.g., methionine oxidation and photo-cross-linking of proteins with DNA).
Purification and properties of the groES morphogenetic protein of Escherichia coli. (1986)

The morphogenesis of lambda proheads is governed by the products of at least four bacteriophage-coded genes (B, C, E and Nu3) and two host-coded genes (groES (mopB) and groEL (mopA)). Earlier genetic experiments indicated that the phenotypes of some of the groES- mutations could be suppressed by mutations in the groEL gene, suggesting an interaction between the two groE proteins in vivo (Tilly, K., and Georgopoulos, C. P. (1982) J. Bacteriol. 149, 1082-1088). The Mr 15,000 groES protein was overproduced and purified to homogeneity by monitoring its presence after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both gel filtration on an AcA34 sizing column and glycerol gradient centrifugation indicate that the groES protein possesses an oligomeric structure of Mr 80,000. In agreement, electron microscopic pictures of the purified groES protein show that it possesses a symmetrical ring-like structure. The sequence of the first five amino acids and the overall composition of the purified protein match those predicted by the nucleotide sequence of the groES gene. The following results implicate a physical association between the groES and groEL proteins in vitro. The groES protein inhibits the weak ATPase activity of the groEL protein, with a maximal effect seen at a 1:1 molar ratio; the two proteins cosediment during glycerol gradient centrifugation in the presence of ATP and Mg2+; and the groES protein binds specifically to a groEL-affinity column. These results help explain why mutations in either of the groE genes exhibit similar phenotypes with respect to both lambda and bacterial growth.
Asymmetric Oxidation of Dithioacetals and Dithioketals Catalyzed by a Chiral Vanadium Complex (1998)

Vanadium-catalyzed enantioselective oxidations of dithioacetals and dithioketals with 30% aqueous H2O2 give the corresponding monosulfoxides with enantioselectivities of up to 85% ee. The scope of this asymmetric analysis has been investigated.
Epidemiologic research : principles and quantitative methods (1982)

Key Issues in Epidemiologic Research: An Overview. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS OR EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH. Fundamentals of Epidemiologic Research. Types of Epidemiologic Research. Design Options in Observational Studies. Typology of Observational Study Designs. Measures of Disease Frequency: Incidence. Other Measures of Disease Frequency. Measures of Association. Measures of Potential Impact and Summary of the Measures. VALIDITY OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH. Validity: General Considerations. Selection Bias. Information Bias. Confounding. Confounding Involving Several Risk Factors. PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSIS. Statistical Inferences About Effect Measures: Simple Analysis. Overview of Options for Control of Extraneous Factors. Stratified Analysis. Matching in Epidemiologic Studies. Interaction, Effect Modification, and Synergism. Modeling: Theoretical Considerations. Modeling: Analysis Strategy. Applications of Modeling with No Interaction. Applications of Logistic Regression with Interaction, Using Unconditional ML Estimation. Applications of Modeling: Conditional Likelihood Estimation. Appendices. Index.
Reversible colorimetric ion sensors based on surface initiated polymerization of photochromic polymers (2008)

Spiropyran containing polymer brushes were used as reversible, photoswitchable optical sensors that show selectivity for different metal ions and drastic changes in surface wettability.
Labeling Strategies of Peptides with 18F for Positron Emission Tomography (2010)

A variety of peptides labeled with the positron emitting radionuclide fluorine-18 have shown promise as tracers for use in positron emission tomography (PET) for the detection of malignancies. Peptides can be produced with a formidable versatility allowing them to target a vast diversity of uniquely expressed or overexpressed receptors associated with pathological conditions. The quantitative nature of PET gives the opportunity to stage and monitor the progress of the disease. The pharmacokinetics of peptides are compatible with the half-life of fluorine-18 (110 min), allowing the generation of high quality PET images within the time frame of 1-3 hours or longer. The production of high energy gamma emitting radiopharmaceuticals puts certain constraints and requirements on the production method. These are to a large extent dictated by the short half-life of the ¹⁸F and the need for appropriate shielding of the operator. For large scale productions, a fully automated production process is a requirement. Compared to low molecular weight fluorine-18 labeled tracers, the production of ¹⁸F-labeled peptides entails specific challenges. As opposed to small organic molecules where direct labeling with no-carrier added 18-fluoride is feasible, peptides do not normally allow for such a direct labeling approach. Therefore, peptides are for all practical purposes labeled by ¹⁸F-prosthetic groups, also called bifunctional labeling agents, making their synthesis relatively complicated. During the last decade, various methodologies have been developed for the introduction of ¹⁸F-fluoride into peptides. The strategies employed for the labeling of peptides with ¹⁸F all represent their own advantages and inconveniences, still some are more flexible than others. In this review, the aim is to provide an overview and discuss the strategies currently used for labeling of peptides with ¹⁸F for PET.
Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Confinement for Efficient Sample Delivery to Biosensor Surfaces. Application to Immunoassays on Planar Optical Waveguides (2002)

A microchip-based flow confinement method for rapid delivery of small sample volumes to sensor surfaces is described. For flow confinement, a sample flow is joined with a perpendicular makeup flow of water or sample medium. Under laminar flow conditions, the makeup flow confines the sample into a thin layer above the sensing area and increases its velocity. This can benefit mass transport limited processes such as DNA hybridization or heterogeneous immunoassays. For proof of concept, this method was applied to a high-affinity immunoassay with excess capture antibody. Rabbit IgG was immobilized onto a silicon nitride waveguide. Cy5-labeled anti-rabbit IgG was hydrodynamically pumped over the immobilized zone through an attached 3D-PDMS flow cell with 20-microm-deep microchannels. The degree of confinement was adjusted through the volume flow rate of the confining flow. Evanescent field-based fluorescence detection enabled monitoring of the binding event. Assays were allowed to reach equilibrium to enable sensorgram normalization for inter-run comparison. The corresponding assay completion times could be reduced from 55 min for static drop conditions to 13 min for 25:1 flow confinement (ratio of confining to sample flow). For typical analytical applications, where equilibrium formation is not required, the faster response should translate to very short analysis times. Concurrently with the faster binding, sample consumption was reduced by 96% compared to conventional whole-channel sample delivery. Diffusional loss of analyte into the confining layer was identified as the main limitation of flow confinement, particularly for long sensing pads.
Rapid hybridization kinetics of DNA attached to submkron latex particles (1987)

We describe a novel method for attaching any DNA molecule to submicron latex beads and characterize the hybridization kinetic properties of these bead-DNA conjugates. The conjugates hybridize to DNA in solution with rates comparable to homogeneous hybridization reactions, are compatible with common hybridization conditions and are conveniently manipulated. They should thus serve as useful reagents for the fractionation and characterization of DNA and RNA.