gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review‐The Use of Immunosuppressive Agents to Prevent Neutralizing Antibodies Against a Transgene Product (1999)

A potential obstacle to successful gene therapy for some patients is the in vivo production of neutralizing antibodies against the recombinant therapeutic product delivered. This is a problem inherent to all gene therapy methods, regardless of the vector used to deliver the protein. This clinical situation can be mimicked in animal models by delivering a foreign protein (i.e., a human protein) to the animal to provoke anti-human protein antibody production. The efficacy of different immunosuppressive treatments to inhibit the development of neutralizing antibodies can then be investigated. The immunosuppressive agents examined here include drugs (e.g., cyclophosphamide, FK506), cytokines (e.g., interferon-gamma, interleukin-12), and monoclonal antibodies (e.g., anti-CD4, anti-gp39, CTLA4-Ig). It has been found that a high level of antibody suppression is necessary to allow prolonged delivery of a foreign protein. Immunosuppressive agents capable of this high level of suppression will be important adjuncts to prevent treatment failures in situations where patients are at risk of developing neutralizing antibodies.
Characterization of Escherichia coli Endonuclease VIII (1997)

Escherichia coli endonuclease VIII (endo VIII) was identified as an enzyme that, like endonuclease III (endo III), removes radiolysis products of thymine including thymine glycol, dihydrothymine, beta-ureidoisobutyric acid, and urea from double-stranded plasmid or phage DNA and cleaves the DNA strand at abasic (AP) sites (Melamede, R. J., Hatahet, Z., Kow, Y. W., Ide., H., and Wallace, S. S. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 1255-1264). Using apparently homogeneous endo VIII protein, we now show that endo VIII removes from double-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotides the stable oxidative products of cytosine, 5-hydroxycytosine and 5-hydroxyuracil. Endo VIII cleaved the damage-containing DNA strand by beta,delta-elimination as does formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg). Like Fpg, endo VIII also excised the 5'-terminal deoxyribose phosphate from an endonuclease IV (endo IV) pre-incised AP site. Thus, in addition to amino acid sequence homology (Jiang, D., Hatahet, Z., Blaisdell, J., Melamede, R. J., and Wallace, S. S. (1997) J. Bacteriol. 179, 3773-3782), endo VIII shares a number of catalytic properties with Fpg. In addition, endo VIII specifically bound to oligodeoxynucleotides containing a reduced AP site with a stoichiometry of 1:1 for protein to DNA with an apparent equilibrium dissociation constant of 3.9 nM. Like Fpg and endo III, the DNase I footprint was small with contact sites primarily on the damage-containing strand; unlike Fpg and endo III, the DNA binding of endo VIII to DNA was asymmetric, 3' to the reduced AP site.
Rapid Detection of Respiratory Viruses by Shell Vial Assay Using Simultaneous Culture of HEp-2, LLC-MK2, and MDCK Cells in a Single Vial (1999)

A shell vial assay with simultaneous culture of HEp-2, LLC-MK2, and MDCK cell lines in a single tube (CoHLM SV assay) was compared with traditional tube culture (TC) for the detection of the main respiratory viruses in 358 nasal wash specimens. A total of 170 strains were isolated from 168 virus-positive samples. A total of 94. 1% of the strains (160 strains; 128 respiratory syncytial viruses and 32 other viruses) were detected by the CoHLM SV assay in 48 h, whereas 98.2% of the strains (167 strains; 132 respiratory syncytial viruses and 35 other viruses) were detected by TC in a mean time of 6 days. The CoHLM SV assay may be useful for the rapid detection of respiratory viruses.
Pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance in obesity. (2001)

New knowledge concerning the structure and function of PPAR gamma and PPAR alpha is being used to develop non-TZD modulators with combined PPAR alpha and gamma actions in animal studies. This new generation of substances may offer a more balanced spectrum of activity that may be better suited for the treatment of the insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes frequently associated with obesity.
Coronary angiography by real-time MRI with adaptive averaging (2000)

Cardiac and respiratory motion present significant challenges for MR coronary angiography, which have not been completely resolved to date by either breath-holding or respiratory navigation. Adaptive averaging during real-time MRI may provide a useful alternative to these techniques. In this method, cross-correlation is used to automatically identify those real-time imaging frames in which the vessel is present, and to determine the location of the vessel within each frame. This information is then used for selective averaging of frames to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and to improve visualization of the vessel. The correlation theorem was employed to raise the speed of this algorithm by up to two orders of magnitude. Segmenting data collection and reconstruction into subimages allows the extension of this technique to higher spatial resolution. Adaptive averaging provides a robust method for coronary MRI which requires no breath-holding, navigation, or ECG gating.
“Click chemistry”en route to pseudo-starch (2005)

Rapid assembly of starch fragment analogues was achieved using "click chemistry". Specifically, two hexadecasaccharide mimics containing two parallel maltoheptaosyl chains linked via [1,2,3]-triazoles to a maltose core were synthesized using Cu(i)-catalyzed [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition of azido saccharides and 6,6'- and 4',6'-dipropargylated p-methoxyphenyl maltoside.
Electrochemical Windows of Sulfone-Based Electrolytes for High-Voltage Li-Ion Batteries (2011)

Further development of high-voltage lithium-ion batteries requires electrolytes with electrochemical windows greater than 5 V. Sulfone-based electrolytes are promising for such a purpose. Here we compute the electrochemical windows for experimentally tested sulfone electrolytes by different levels of theory in combination with various solvation models. The MP2 method combined with the polarizable continuum model is shown to be the most accurate method to predict oxidation potentials of sulfone-based electrolytes with mean deviation less than 0.29 V. Mulliken charge analysis shows that the oxidation happens on the sulfone group for ethylmethyl sulfone and tetramethylene sulfone, and on the ether group for ether functionalized sulfones. Large electrochemical windows of sulfone-based electrolytes are mainly contributed by the sulfone group in the molecules which helps lower the HOMO level. This study can help understand the voltage limits imposed by the sulfone-based electrolytes and aid in designing new electrolytes with greater electrochemical windows.
Evaluation of Gentian cystatin C reagent on Abbott Ci8200 and calculation of glomerular filtration rate expressed in mL/min/1.73 m2from the cystatin C values in mg/L (2007)

There was low inter-laboratory variation between the three laboratories involved in the cystatin C evaluation, and thus all three laboratories can use the same equation for calculating the estimated GFR.
[Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of several O-dialkylaminoalkylated adamantane ketoximes and carbohydroxamic acids]. (1988)

Synthese des derives du titre a partir de l'adamantanone-2, de l'adamantyl-1 aryl cetone ou du chlorure de l'acide adamantanecarboxylique-1
Kinetic Rheology of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids (2001)

Abstract The rapid advancement in computing power is helping the development of more advanced fracturing models. These advancements include expanded dimensional capabilities as well as improvements in handling more complex rock and fluid mechanics models. Rheology of the fracturing fluid is fundamental for predicting fracture growth and geometry. Most hydraulic fracture models assume a steady-state power law rheology model with only an implied temperature dependence and no shear history dependence. Newer models have attempted to model shear history effects, but still do not accommodate the thermal kinetics of crosslinking and breaking chemistry. A definite need exists for more comprehensive rheological models for crosslinked fracture fluids. This work entails development of theory and experimental confirmation of a comprehensive rheological model of a complex fracturing gel prepared with a guar derivative and dual crosslinkers. The Kinetic Rheological Modeling approach uniquely integrates the nonlinear kinetics of crosslinker chemistry with the in-situ changes in fluid rheology. The model accurately predicts the effects of shear rate, shear history, temperature, temperature-time history, pH, gel loading, crosslinker concentration, and breaker concentration on the apparent viscosity function. The model predicts the early noncrosslinked pseudoplastic behavior of the linear gel fluid, and then accurately predicts the rapid increase in apparent viscosity caused by the thermal and shear induced kinetic crosslink reaction. The model also accurately predicts thermal thinning at higher temperatures and the exponential decline in apparent viscosity that occurs when the breaker chemistry begins to dominate. The model enables researchers to develop more comprehensive fracturing models, and the kinetic theory serves as an investigative tool for determining the effect of fluid chemistry and pumping history on the rheology of new and existing fracturing fluids.
Effect of moderate electric field frequency and growth stage on the cell membrane permeability of Lactobacillus acidophilus (2009)

Changes in growth kinetics and metabolic activity of microorganisms under the presence of a moderate electric field (MEF) have been hypothesized as being due to temporary permeabilization of cell membranes. We investigated herein the effects of frequency and growth stage on cell membrane permeabilization of Lactobacillus acidophilus OSU 133 during MEF fermentation. Cells were stained with two fluorescent nucleic acid stains: the green, nonselective, cell membrane permeable SYTO 9, and the red, cell membrane impermeable propidium iodide (PI). Fluorescence exhibition post-treatment was assessed using fluorescence microscopy. Total plate counting was done to determine whether or not the permeabilized population represented live cells. Fermentation treatments investigated were conventional (control) and MEF (2 V/cm, 45, 60, 1,000, 10,000 Hz) at 30 degrees C. Studies were conducted at 45 Hz for lag, exponential, and stationary phases of growth. Low frequency MEF treated cells exhibited significantly greater numbers of red cell counts than conventional treatments; further, no significant differences existed in viable counts between MEF and conventional treatments, suggesting that the red counts represent permeabilized live cells. MEF treatments at the early stage of bacterial growth at 45 Hz exhibited the maximum permeabilization followed by treatments at 60 Hz. MEF treated samples at frequencies higher than 60 Hz did not exhibit red fluorescence. Cells at lag phase showed the greatest susceptibility to permeabilization followed by those at exponential phase. No evidence of electroporation was observed during the stationary phase. To our knowledge, these observations provide the first evidence that cell membrane permeabilization occurs under the presence of electric fields as low as those under MEF.
How To Do Things With Words (1975)

Abstract This work sets out the author's conclusions in the field to which he directed his main efforts for at least the last ten years of his life. Starting from an examination of his already well-known distinction between performative utterances and statements, he finally abandons that distinction, replacing it with a more general theory of ‘illocutionary forces’ of utterances, which has important bearings on a wide variety of philosophical problems.
EDUCATION AND CONSULTATION AS A CATALYST FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY (1983)

No abstract available for this article.
cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence of human pulmonary surfactant-associated proteolipid SPL(Phe). (1987)

Hydrophobic surfactant-associated protein of Mr 6000-14,000 was isolated from ether/ethanol or chloroform/methanol extracts of mammalian pulmonary surfactant. Automated Edman degradation in a gas-phase sequencer showed the major N-terminus of the human low molecular weight protein to be Phe-Pro-Ile-Pro-Leu-Pro-Tyr-Cys-Trp-Leu-Cys-Arg-Ala-Leu-. Because of the N-terminal phenylalanine, the surfactant protein was designated SPL(Phe). Antiserum generated against hydrophobic surfactant protein(s) from bovine pulmonary surfactant recognized protein of Mr 6000-14,000 in immunoblot analysis and was used to screen a lambda gt11 expression library constructed from adult human lung poly(A)+ RNA. This resulted in identification of a 1.4-kilobase cDNA clone that was shown to encode the N-terminus of the surfactant polypeptide SPL(Phe) (Phe-Pro-Ile-Pro-Leu-Pro-) within an open reading frame for a larger protein. Expression of a fused beta-galactosidase-SPL(Phe) gene in Escherichia coli yielded an immunoreactive Mr 34,000 fusion peptide. Hybrid-arrested translation with this cDNA and immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled in vitro translation products of human poly(A)+ RNA with a surfactant polyclonal antibody resulted in identification of a Mr 40,000 precursor protein. Blot hybridization analysis of electrophoretically fractionated RNA from human lung detected a 2.0-kilobase RNA that was more abundant in adult lung than in fetal lung. The larger RNA and translation product indicates that SPL(Phe) is derived by proteolysis of a large polypeptide precursor. The amino acid sequence of the predicted protein, beginning Phe-Pro-Ile-Pro-Leu-Pro-Try-, comprises a hydrophobic peptide that is a major protein component of surfactant lipid extracts used successfully to treat hyaline membrane disease in newborn infants. These proteins, and specifically SPL(Phe), may therefore be useful for synthesis of replacement surfactants for treatment of hyaline membrane disease in newborn infants or of other surfactant-deficient states.
Endothelial prostaglandin and nitric oxide synthesis in atherogenesis and thrombosis. (1996)

Human arterial thrombotic disorders are triggered by many agents, with participation of platelets and monocytes, blood coagulation factors and vascular cells. Platelet hyperaggregability appears to be an important risk factor for these disorders. Vascular endothelium possesses several properties to defend against vascular insults and thrombotic atherosclerotic lesions. Two molecules, prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide (NO), are of particular importance. The rate-limiting step of PGI2 synthesis is cyclooxygenase (COX). Constitutive and upregulated constitutive COX (COX-1) expression and inducible COX (COX-2) expression are important in PGI2 production required for the physiologic and pathologic defense of blood vessels and blood fluidity. NO synthesis is catalyzed by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which can be stimulated by lipid mediators. Virus or non-virus mediated transfer of COX-1 and eNOS are accompanied by augmented PGI2 and NO synthesis, respectively. In animal angioplasty models, it has been shown that transfer of these two genes has a dramatic antithrombotic and anti-intimal hyperplastic effect. Transfers of these two enzymes may have potential therapeutic uses.
Starch: as simple as A, B, C? (1998)

Starch is the main carbohydrate reserve in plants and an important part of our nutrition. Increasingly, it is being seen by industry as a useful raw material to include in foodstuffs and with which to produce other carbon-based polymers. Our understanding of starch biosynthesis and chemistry has advanced rapidly over the last few years, but our knowledge of how this translates into structure and thence into physicochemical properties and function is still lacking. Here, we have reviewed this information with an emphasis on genetics and physical properties, especially using data from the model crop, pea (Pisum sativum L.).
Optoacoustic, Noninvasive, Real-Time, Continuous Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Oxygenation: An In Vivo Study in Sheep (2004)

The optoacoustic system detects signals induced in the SSS and optoacoustic signals from the SSS linearly correlate with oxyhemoglobin saturation. The data suggest that the optoacoustic technique merits clinical evaluation.
Genetically variable metabolism of antidepressants and neuroleptic drugs in man (1993)

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
Interactive storytelling environments (1998)

This paper describes exploration of uses of a computational storytelling environment on the Cardiology Unit of the Children's Hospital in Boston during the summer of 1997. Young cardiac patients ranging from age 7 to 16 used the SAGE environment to tell personal stories and create interactive characters, as a way of coping with cardiac ihness, hospitalizations, and invasive medical procedures. This pilot study is part of a larger collaborative effort between Children's Hospital and hZERL -A Mitsubishi Electric Research L&oratory to develop a web-based application, de Experience Journal, to assist patients and their families in dealing with serious medical illness. The focus of the paper is on young patients' uses of SAGE, on SAGE's aftordances in the context of the hospital, and on design recommendations for the development of future computational play kits. Preliminary analysis of children's stories indicates that children used different modes of interaction-direct, media&, and differ&-depending upon what personae the narrator chooses to take on. These modes seem to vary with the mindset and health condition of the Child.
Subpixel Motion Estimation for Super-Resolution Image Sequence Enhancement (1998)

Super-resolution enhancement algorithms are used to estimate a high-resolution video still (HRVS) from several low-resolution frames, provided that objects within the digital image sequence move with subpixel increments. A Bayesian multi_frame enhancement algorithm is presented to compute an HRVS using the spatial information present within each frame as well as the temporal information present due to object motion between frames. However, the required subpixel-resolution motion vectors must be estimated from low-resolution and noisy video frames, resulting in an inaccurate motion field which can adversely impact the quality of the enhanced image. Several subpixel motion estimation techniques are incorporated into the Bayesian multiframe enhancement algorithm to determine their efficacy in the presence of global data transformations between frames (i.e., camera pan, rotation, tilt, and zoom) and independent object motion. Visual and quantitative comparisons of the resulting high-resolution video stills computed from two video frames and the corresponding estimated motion fields show that the eight-parameter projective motion model is appropriate for global scene changes, while block matching and Horn–Schunck optical flow estimation each have their own advantages and disadvantages when used to estimate independent object motion.
Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Membranes (2003)

An array of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was incorporated across a polymer film to form a well-ordered nanoporous membrane structure. This membrane structure was confirmed by electron microscopy, anisotropic electrical conductivity, gas flow, and ionic transport studies. The measured nitrogen permeance was consistent with the flux calculated by Knudsen diffusion through nanometer-scale tubes of the observed microstructure. Data on Ru(NH3)6(3+) transport across the membrane in aqueous solution also indicated transport through aligned CNT cores of the observed microstructure. The lengths of the nanotubes within the polymer film were reduced by selective electrochemical oxidation, allowing for tunable pore lengths. Oxidative trimming processes resulted in carboxylate end groups that were readily functionalized at the entrance to each CNT inner core. Membranes with CNT tips that were functionalized with biotin showed a reduction in Ru(NH3)6(3+) flux by a factor of 15 when bound with streptavidin, thereby demonstrating the ability to gate molecular transport through CNT cores for potential applications in chemical separations and sensing.
Are Risk Premium Anomalies Caused by Ambiguity? (2000)

Numerous studies have provided evidence of two equity return anomalies in recent years. The “risk-premium puzzle” is the anomaly that equity returns have been excessive relative to risk. The “small-firm effect” is the anomaly that risk premiums on small-cap stocks have been excessive relative to premiums on large-cap stocks. We present unique evidence that both of these anomalies may be caused by the presence of ambiguity. More generally, we propose that the current conceptions of risk are too limited to explain equity returns and, therefore, that the distinction between risk and uncertainty developed by Frank Knight approximately 80 years ago be revisited. As numerous other studies have found, risk in the traditional sense is primarily a function of the possibility of incurring a loss. Uncertainty (ambiguity) is directly related to lack of information and lack of confidence in estimating future distributions of possible returns and the possibility of incurring a loss.
Thiazolidinediones Inhibit Osteoclast-Like Cell Formation and Bone Resorption in Vitro (1999)

Osteoblasts and adipocytes are derived from common bone marrow stromal cells that play crucial roles in the generation of osteoclasts. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (PPAR) induces adipogenic differentiation of stromal cells; however, whether this would affect osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation is unknown. Thus, we examined the effects of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of antidiabetic agents that activate PPAR on osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation using mouse whole bone marrow cell culture. As reported, all TZDs we tested (troglitazone, pioglitazone, and BRL 49653) markedly increased the number of Oil Red O-positive adipocytes and the expression of adipsin and PPAR 2. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 ] did not affect adipogenic differentiation induced by TZDs. TZDs did not affect alkaline phosphatase activity, an early marker of osteoblastic differentiation, despite their marked adipogenic effects. TZDs decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated osteoclast-like cells induced by 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 or PTH. Troglitazone dose dependently inhibited basal and 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 -and PTH-induced bone resorption as assessed by pit formation assay. Interleukin-11 blocked the induction by troglitazone of adipogenesis, but had no effect on the inhibition of osteoclast-like cell formation. These results indicate that TZDs are potent inhibitors of bone resorption in vitro. Inhibitory effects of TZDs on osteoclastic bone resorption was not osteotropic factor specific and did not appear to be related to their adipogenic effects. Thus, TZDs may suppress bone resorption in diabetic patients and prevent bone loss.
Guided waves in alkali-halide films (1976)

The feasibility of building writeable and erasable waveguides and thin film optical elements in photodichroic materials was examined. The studies involved consideration of controllable deflection or focal length using the photodichroism of color centers in alkali-halide crystals. Material properties limiting the ultimate application and areas needing further research were identified.
Architectural ideas for the support of adaptive context-aware applications (2000)

this paper, we explore the need for a unified architecture which can support multiple contextual attributes coupled with a control flow mechanism.