gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis on collagen morphology in aging skin based on multiphoton microscopy (2011)

Multiphoton microscopy was employed for monitoring the structure changes of mouse dermis collagen in the intrinsic- or the extrinsic-age-related processes in vivo. The characteristics of textures in different aging skins were uncovered by fast Fourier transform in which the orientation index and bundle packing of collagen were quantitatively analyzed. Some significant differences in collagen-related changes are found in different aging skins, which can be good indicators for the statuses of aging skins. The results are valuable to the study of aging skin and also of interest to biomedical photonics.
Effect of Recombinant Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (Regranex®) on Wound Closure in Genetically Diabetic Mice (2006)

Burns, especially those involving large surface areas, represent a complex wound healing problem. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is released by activated platelets to recruit inflammatory cells toward the wound bed. It has effects on promoting angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation. However, the effectiveness of topical PDGF on wound closure is variable, ranging from little improvement observed in pig models to dramatic improvement reported in a diabetic mouse model. Here, we sought to determine the effectiveness of commercially sold PDGF-BB (Regranex) on wound closure in genetically diabetic mice. C57BL/KsJ db+/db+ mice and its host strain bearing dorsal 1.5-cm wounds were divided into groups (n = 8 in each group) receiving topical application of either Regranex (10 microg/wound) or vehicle for 5 consecutive days after wounding. The rate of wound closure was analyzed using computerized planimetry. The amount of granulation tissue was determined histologically. Our data indicate that diabetic mice exhibit a significant delay in wound closure when compared with their host strain. Topical application of Regranex did not improve the time to wound closure but did significantly increase the amount of granulation tissue. Our current study using commercially available Regranex failed to reproduce the previously reported finding that PDGF improved wound closure in healing impaired genetically diabetic mice.
T-Cell Engineering for Cancer Immunotherapy (2009)

The adoptive transfer of tumor-reactive cells is a promising approach for the treatment of melanoma and some other cancers. To remedy the difficulties associated with the isolation and expansion of tumor-reactive T cells in most cancer patients, peripheral blood T cells can be retargeted to any chosen tumor antigen by the genetic transfer of an antigen-specific receptor. The transduced receptors may be human leukocyte antigen-restricted, heterodimeric T-cell antigen receptor (TCRs), or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which typically recognize native cell-surface antigens. Considerable progress has been made in recent years to address the challenges posed by the transfer of either receptor type. Vector and protein modifications enable the expression of TCR chains in human T cells at functional levels and with a reduced risk of mis-pairing with endogenous TCR chains. The combinatorial inclusion of activating and costimulatory domains in CARs has dramatically enhanced the signaling properties of the chimeric receptors described over a decade ago. Based on the effective T-cell transduction and expansion procedures now available to support clinical investigation, improved designer TCRs and second generation CARs targeting an array of antigens are being evaluated in a range of hematological malignancies and solid tumors.
Flux Pinning and AC Loss in Second Generation High Temperature Superconductor Wires (2007)

Major advances have been made in the last 18 years in high-temperature superconductor (HTS) reserach and development, resulting in increased use of HTS materials in commerical and pre-commercial electric-power applications. This new and important book addresses the issues related to flux pinning, AC losses and thick YBCO film growth. Written by top most scientists in the world, it presents the current status and issues related to YBCO coated conductors and the need for further fundamental materials science work in YBCO coated conductor. It will be a useful handbook for years to come.
Ultraviolet and violet light-emitting GaN diodes grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1993)

Both metal-insulator-semiconductor and p-n junction electroluminescence have been observed in thin-film, metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-grown GaN diodes thermally annealed in N2. UV radiation, peaking near 380 nm, is emitted when electrons are injected from the undoped, n-type material into the Mg-doped, p-type GaN. Violet light, peaking near 430 nm, is obtained by injecting electrons into p-type material from either n-type material or non-ohmic metal contacts. The present results support and extend earlier interpretations of the nature of the recombination centers in GaN.
Quantification and characterization of high‐affinity membrane receptors for tumor necrosis factor on human leukemic cell lines (1986)

The expression of specific membrane receptors for TNF-alpha was determined on various human leukemic cell lines differing in their sensitivity to the growth-inhibitory activity of TNF-alpha. Binding studies with 125I-labelled TNF-alpha indicated specific binding in 8/10 cell lines with approximately 10-fold differences in the quantity of TNF-alpha bound by these distinct cell lines. Scatchard analyses of TNF-binding revealed the existence of high-affinity membrane receptors (Kd 1.5 X 10(-10) M) and approximately 3,000 binding sites/cell on both U937 and K562, representing 2 cell lines with high and low TNF sensitivity, respectively. Disuccinimidyl-suberate cross-linking of receptor-bound 125I-TNF-alpha and SDS-PAGE of membrane preparations of either U937 or K562 cells suggest a single receptor protein with an apparent molecular weight of 76 kDa. Comparison of the TNF-alpha binding capacity versus in vitro growth inhibition provides evidence that sensitivity to TNF-alpha is determined both at the level of receptor expression and at a post-receptor level. IFN-gamma strongly enhanced the TNF-alpha-mediated growth inhibition of 3 sensitive cell lines, but had no effect on 7 other leukemic cell lines with little or no TNF sensitivity. No correlation was found between this enhancement of TNF sensitivity and the IFN-gamma-mediated increase in TNF-cell membrane receptors, suggesting that IFN-gamma predominantly exerts its synergistic effect distal to TNF-binding.
Assessing affymetrix GeneChip microarray quality (2011)

We find that approximately 10 percent of these publicly available arrays are of poor quality. Moreover, the quality of microarray measurements varies greatly from hybridization to hybridization, study to study, and lab to lab, with some experiments producing unusable data. Many of the concepts described here are applicable to other high-throughput technologies.
Theoretical Aspects of Radiofrequency Lesions in the Dorsal Root Entry Zone (1984)

The history and physical principles of radiofrequency (rf) lesion making are reviewed. The advantages of the rf lesion method are presented, with emphasis on its importance in small, critical regions such as the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ). The evolution and specifications of a satisfactory DREZ rf electrode are described. DREZ lesion sizes for this electrode at specific electrode tip temperatures were experimentally determined in animals and were used as a guide to determine acceptable clinical lesioning parameters. Emphasis is placed on lesion temperature monitoring and on the stability of electrode penetration into the spinal cord to achieve consistent and safe results.
Mutations in both gp120 and gp41 Are Responsible for the Broad Neutralization Resistance of Variant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 MN to Antibodies Directed at V3 and Non-V3 Epitopes (1998)

The escape of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from effects of neutralizing antibodies was studied by using neutralization-resistant (NR) variants generated by growing the neutralization-sensitive (NS) wild-type MN virus in the presence of human serum with neutralizing antibodies, more than 99% of which were directed at the V3 region of gp120. The variants obtained had broad neutralization resistance to human sera, without limitation with respect to the V3 specificity of the sera. The molecular basis for the resistance was evaluated with molecularly cloned viruses, as well as with pseudoviruses expressing envelope glycoproteins of the NS and NR phenotypes. Nucleotide sequence analyses comparing NS and NR clones revealed a number of polymorphisms, including six in the V1/V2 region, two in C4/V5 of gp120, three in the leucine zipper (LZ) domain of gp41, and two in the second external putative alpha-helix region of gp41. A series of chimeras from NS and NR env genes was constructed, and each was presented on pseudoviruses to locate the domain(s) which conferred the phenotypic changes. The neutralization phenotypes of the chimeric clones were found to be dependent on mutations in both the C4/V5 region of gp120 and the LZ region of gp41. Additionally, interaction between mutations in gp120 and gp41 was demonstrated in that a chimeric env gene consisting of a gp120 coding sequence from an NS clone and a gp41 sequence from an NR clone yielded a pseudovirus with minimal infectivity. The possible significance of predicted amino acid changes in these domains is discussed. The results indicate that polyvalent antibodies predominantly directed against V3 can induce NR through selection for mutations that alter interactions of other domains in the envelope complex.
Optically Multiplexed Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor System (1986)

A sensor system where a number of Fabry-Perot interferometer sensors are placed in series on a single-mode fiber is discussed. Each Fabry-Perot sensor is resonant within a unique bandpass of optical wavelengths and transmits with small attenuation at all other wavelengths. Fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers with narrow-band resonances are formed by placing a matched pair of bandpass reflectors on the fiber. The sensor system has three major subsystems: a swept frequency laser, frequency selective Fabry-Perot sensors, and demodulation hardware. A grating formed by holographic process is placed in the evanescent field to produce a frequency selective reflector. Individual sensors are polled by a frequency swept laser. As the laser wavelength is scanned over the resonance bandpass of the first sensor, Fabry-Perot fringes from the first sensor are read out. As the laser continues to sweep its optical frequency, the first sensor&apos;s gratings no longer act as reflectors; the sensor becomes transparent to the optical probe. After a sufficient optical wavelength guard band, the resonance band of the second sensor is reached and fringes from the second sensor are read out. Fabry-Perot phase and fringe order information are recovered by a combination of optical and electronic signal processing. The optical processor is a second Fabry-Perot interferometer which is used as an analyzer to aid recovery of the phase information.
A novel polypeptide secreted by activated human T lymphocytes. (1989)

We have identified two cDNA clones, I-309 and G-26, which define genes expressed abundantly in activated human PBMC, but at low or undetectable levels in resting PBMC. Based upon nucleotide sequence analysis, both clones are predicted to encode small, structurally related polypeptides, each containing a hydrophobic leader sequence characteristic of secreted proteins and a motif of four conserved cysteine residues. Further, I-309 and G-26 are structurally related to a growing family of genes that apparently encode small polypeptides whose secretion is induced upon cell activation. I-309 represents a previously undescribed human gene. We have generated an anti-peptide antiserum to the I-309 gene product which recognizes proteins in culture supernatants of an activated T cell clone and of COS cells transfected with the I-309 cDNA, supporting the idea that I-309 encodes a secreted protein. Because I-309 encodes a small protein secreted by activated T cells that displays structural features similar to other cytokines, we believe that it defines a novel cytokine with as yet unknown function.
Efficient Byzantine-tolerant erasure-coded storage (2004)

This paper describes a decentralized consistency protocol for survivable storage that exploits local data versioning within each storage-node. Such versioning enables the protocol to efficiently provide linearizability and wait-freedom of read and write operations to erasure-coded data in asynchronous environments with Byzantine failures of clients and servers. By exploiting versioning storage-nodes, the protocol shifts most work to clients and allows highly optimistic operation: reads occur in a single round-trip unless clients observe concurrency or write failures. Measurements of a storage system prototype using this protocol show that it scales well with the number of failures tolerated, and its performance compares favorably with an efficient implementation of Byzantine-tolerant state machine replication.
On the origin of enhanced sensitivity in nanoscale FET-based biosensors (2014)

Electrostatic counter ion screening is a phenomenon that is detrimental to the sensitivity of charge detection in electrolytic environments, such as in field-effect transistor-based biosensors. Using simple analytical arguments, we show that electrostatic screening is weaker in the vicinity of concave curved surfaces, and stronger in the vicinity of convex surfaces. We use this insight to show, using numerical simulations, that the enhanced sensitivity observed in nanoscale biosensors is due to binding of biomolecules in concave corners where screening is reduced. We show that the traditional argument, that increased surface area-to-volume ratio for nanoscale sensors is responsible for their increased sensitivity, is incorrect.
Beyond humanization and de-immunization: tolerization as a method for reducing the immunogenicity of biologics (2013)

Immune responses to some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and biologic proteins interfere with their efficacy due to the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADA). In the case of mAbs, most ADA target 'foreign' sequences present in the complementarity determining regions (CDRs). Humanization of the mAb sequence is one approach that has been used to render biologics less foreign to the human immune system. However, fully human mAbs can also drive immunogenicity. De-immunization (removing epitopes) has been used to reduce biologic protein immunogenicity. Here, we discuss a third approach to reducing the immunogenicity of biologics: introduction of Treg epitopes that stimulate Treg function and induce tolerance to the biologic protein. Supplementing humanization (replacing xeno-sequences with human) and de-immunization (reducing T effector epitopes) with tolerization (introducing Treg epitopes) where feasible, as a means of improving biologics 'quality by design', may lead to the development of ever more clinically effective, but less immunogenic, biologics.
Generic extensions of WWW browsers (1995)

June 23, 1995 Abstract Current WWW browsers provide two main services: communication and information rendering. While this is sufficient for some purposes, many future applications will need more sophisticated processing on the user side before server-data can be presented to the user or before the user input can be transferred to the servers. For example, electronic payments ought to be seamlessly integrated into a customer&amp;apos;s browser to enable him to shop via the Web. This paper proposes two pragmatic approaches to fulfill these requirements without altering current browser technology. We conclude with the proposal of a generalized extension framework for WWW browsers. 1 Introduction The World Wide Web (WWW) has grown extremely fast in the past months, not only quantitatively but also qualitatively. New services are being added on a day-by-day basis and range from telephone directories to movie databases and &amp;quot;shopping malls&amp;quot;. In particular, the &amp;quot;POST&amp;quot;-Method of HTTP [1] and the &amp;quot;FOR...
Doxorubicin-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions (1984)

An uncommon side effect of the anthracycline antibiotics is allergic reactions. We report three patients treated with doxorubicin hydrochloride who developed systemic hypersensitivity reactions to the drug. In all three cases, the onset of the reaction coincided with the initiation of the doxorubicin, and was confirmed by rechallenge with the drug. An urticarial rash with pruritus was the primary clinical manifestation seen in all cases. All reactions responded to treatment with diphenhydramine, or diphenhydramine and hydrocortisone. None of the reactions were life-threatening or required hospitalization of the patient. In two patients, use of the drug was discontinued because of the reaction. Pretreatment with diphenhydramine, prednisone, and cimetidine may have reduced the severity of the reaction in one patient.
Relation between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide values and invasively measured left ventricular hemodynamic indices. (2003)

Concerning low ejection fractions, a high end-diastolic pressure and strong reduced dP/dt(max) in all cases an increase of pro-BNP-values was seen. However, the partly reported strong correlation of the BNP value to the left ventricular ejection fraction, dP/dt(max) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure results was not found in the cases of middle and moderate heart failure, in contrast to the clinical observation. Regarding the large standard deviation, it may be possible to discriminate an unfavourable course of heart failure in an early stage.
Fused mesoionic heterocycles: synthesis of 1,3,4-triazolo[3,2-a]pyridine derivatives (1984)

A number of mesoionic derivatives of 1,3,4-triazolo[3,2-a]pyridine have been prepared. The 1,3,4-oxadiazolo[3,2-a]pyridylium-2-aminides [(14)–(19)], available from 1,3,4-oxadiazolo[3,2-a]pyridylium-2-olate (12) and N-aryliminotriphenylphosphoranes, undergo base-catalysed isomerization to the corresponding 1,3,4-triazolo[3,2-a]pyridylium-2-olates [(20)–(25)]. 1-Amino-2-methylthio-4,6-diphenylpyridinium iodide (27), reacts under basic conditions with aryl isothiocyanates to yield the corresponding 1,3,4-triazolo[3,2-a]pyridylium-2-thiolates [(36)–(40)]. Compounds [(14)–(17)] react with arylmethylamines to yield the guanidine derivatives [(43)–(46)]; these cyclize on treatment with base giving the mesoionic 1,3,4-triazolo[3,2-a]pyridylium-2-aminides [(47)–(50)]. The reactions of (14) and (16) with aniline and p-chloroaniline respectively, lead directly to the corresponding mesoionic compounds (51) and (52).
STAT3 activation via interleukin 6 trans-signalling contributes to ileitis in SAMP1/Yit mice (2006)

STAT3 signalling is critical in the development of intestinal inflammation in SAMP1/Yit mice. Blockade of this signalling pathway by soluble gp130-Fc may have therapeutic effects in inflammatory bowel disease.
CGRP-Receptor Antagonists — A Fresh Approach to Migraine Therapy? (2004)

Migraine is a chronic disease that affects 12 percent of the general population. In addition to severe, debilitating headache, patients with migraines may experience nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Migraine remains one of the most underdiagnosed and undertreated neurologic conditions and has substantial socioeconomic effects in developed countries. It is now considered to be a neurovascular disorder because its pathology involves important interactions between the cerebral nerves and blood vessels.Current theories propose that migraine-specific triggers promote primary brain dysfunction, which evokes changes in the dilation of meningeal blood vessels and the activation of perivascular trigeminal nerves. . . .
ChemInform Abstract: 2,6‐DIDEOXY SACCHARIDE GLYCOSIDES OF α‐HYDROXY KETONES: SYNTHESIS AND CONFIGURATIONAL ASSIGNMENT OF GLYCOSIDES WITH THE TETRALONE SUBSTRUCTURE OF OLIVOMYCIN (1983)

Abstract Die Umsetzung des DiacetyLL‐rhamnals (II) mit Hydroxycyclohexanon (Ia) und NlS (III) führt nur in schlechter Ausb. zu den Ketoglycosiden (IIIa) und (Va), aus denen durch Hydrierung die Iod‐freien Verbindungen (IVa) und (VIa) erhalten werden.
A NOVEL HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING SYSTEM TO EVALUATE THE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE OF ADULT MOSQUITOES TO CHEMICALS1 (2005)

A modular and novel assay system for rapid mass screening of chemical compounds for contact irritant and spatial repellent actions against adult mosquitoes is described. The responses of Aedes aegypti to various concentrations of 3 topical repellents, deet, Bayrepel, and SS220, were evaluated. At treatment concentrations > or = 25 nmol/cm2 of SS220, mosquitoes exhibited significant contact irritant (escape) and spatial repellent (movement away from the chemical source) responses, whereas, a 10-fold increase in the treatment concentration of deet and Bayrepel was required to produce similar responses. The novel bioassay system detected contact irritancy and spatial repellency activity with reproducible results and provided baseline data for determining minimum effective concentrations for other chemicals. The system is compact in size, easy to decontaminate, and requires only a minute quantity of chemical compound.
Performance of different reflectance and diffuse optical imaging tomographic approaches in fluorescence molecular imaging of small animals (2006)

Optical imaging of fluorescent probes is an essential tool for investigation of molecular events in small animals for drug developments. In order to get localization and quantification information of fluorescent labels, CEA-LETI has developed efficient approaches in classical reflectance imaging as well as in diffuse optical tomographic imaging with continuous and temporal signals. This paper presents an overview of the different approaches investigated and their performances. High quality fluorescence reflectance imaging is obtained thanks to the development of an original "multiple wavelengths" system. The uniformity of the excitation light surface area is better than 15%. Combined with the use of adapted fluorescent probes, this system enables an accurate detection of pathological tissues, such as nodules, beneath the animal's observed area. Performances for the detection of ovarian nodules on a nude mouse are shown. In order to investigate deeper inside animals and get 3D localization, diffuse optical tomography systems are being developed for both slab and cylindrical geometries. For these two geometries, our reconstruction algorithms are based on analytical expression of light diffusion. Thanks to an accurate introduction of light/matter interaction process in the algorithms, high quality reconstructions of tumors in mice have been obtained. Reconstruction of lung tumors on mice are presented. By the use of temporal diffuse optical imaging, localization and quantification performances can be improved at the price of a more sophisticated acquisition system and more elaborate information processing methods. Such a system based on a pulsed laser diode and a time correlated single photon counting system has been set up. Performances of this system for localization and quantification of fluorescent probes are presented.