gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liver-specific expression and high oncogenic efficiency of a c-myc transgene activated by woodchuck hepatitis virus insertion. (1994)

The high oncogenic efficiency of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) has been correlated with the ability of this virus to provoke insertional activation of myc family genes. To assess the impact of viral integration on liver cell transformation, we have generated transgenic mice carrying the mutated c-myc gene and adjacent viral DNA from a woodchuck tumor, in original configuration. Virtually all mice from two different strains developed hepatocellular carcinoma with a mean latency period of 8-12 months. The c-myc transgene was expressed transiently in neonatal livers, and re-expressed at preneoplastic and neoplastic stages in adult livers. Woodchuck c-myc mRNA driven by the normal P1 and P2 promoters and WHV-specific transcripts encoding viral surface antigens were produced in a strictly co-regulated fashion during development and tumorigenesis, indicating a predominant regulatory influence of the viral enhancer. Furthermore, the activity of the viral enhancer in response to various biological stimuli was apparently modulated by glucose uptake and glucagon/insulin balance in differentiated hepatocytes. In this model, a viral integration event selected from a naturally occurring tumor proved to be determinant for induction of hepatocarcinogenesis, although enforced, liver-specific expression of c-myc was limited to a particular developmental stage.
Cardiovascular Responses to Static Exercise (Isometrics, Anyone?) (1970)

Cardiovascular Responses to Static Exercise (Isometrics, Anyone?) ANYONE with a stethoscope, a sphygmomanometer, and an open mind can readily satisfy himself that static effort or "isometrics" may raise the blood pressure to high levels.Yet, isometrics, as a form of 1970 NO.
Autoinflammatory Diseases: Clinical and Genetic Advances (2008)

We conducted a literature review to investigate the recent advances in genetics, molecular biology, clinical manifestations, and therapy of 7 inherited diseases that are characterized by seemingly unprovoked inflammation. These autoinflammatory diseases include familial Mediterranean fever; tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome; hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic fever syndrome; pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne syndrome; and the 3 cryopyrinopathies: neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease/chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and arthropathy syndrome, familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, and Muckle-Wells syndrome. Recent identification of the susceptibility genes for autoinflammatory diseases has broadened the clinical spectrum as well as the molecular basis of these diseases. The cryopyrinopathies represent a continuum of diseases associated with mutations in the cold-induced autoinflammatory syndrome 1 (CIAS1) gene that encodes cryopyrin. Cryopyrin and pyrin (protein mutated in familial Mediterranean fever) belong to the family of PYRIN domain-containing proteins. Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne syndrome is associated with mutations in the gene that encodes for CD2-binding protein 1 (CD2BP1), which binds pyrin. Recent studies have shown that activation of the interleukin 1beta pathway is a common mechanism in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases, further unifying these diseases. Recent advances in genetics and molecular biology have advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases. Understanding autoinflammatory diseases will further our knowledge of cutaneous as well as systemic inflammation. Anakinra, a recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, is a promising new biologic agent for the treatment of cryopyrinopathies as well other autoinflammatory diseases, such as tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome and hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic fever syndrome.
ADIPOQ and adiponectin: the common ground of hyperglycemia and coronary artery disease? (2011)

Plasma adiponectin and the coding gene for adiponectin, ADIPOQ, are thought to explain part of the interaction between obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, we illustrate the role that adiponectin and ADIPOQ variants might play in the modulation of CAD, especially in the occurrence of hyperglycemia. Recent evidence suggests that total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels are apparent markers of better cardiovascular prognosis in patients with low risk of CAD. However, in subjects with established or high risk of CAD, these levels are associated with poorer prognosis. We also provide recent evidences relating to the genetic control of total and HMW adiponectin levels, especially evidence regarding ADIPOQ. Accumulated data suggest that both adiponectin levels and polymorphisms in the ADIPOQ gene are linked to the risk of CAD in patients with hyperglycemia, and that these associations seem to be independent from each other, even if adiponectin levels are partly dependent on ADIPOQ.
LARGE UTERINE MYOMA WITH ERYTHROPOIETIN MESSENGER RNA AND ERYTHROCYTOSIS (2000)

In Brief Background: Myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome (erythrocytosis associated with a uterine myoma) has multiple proposed etiologies, one of which is altered erythropoietin production. Case: A 28-year-old woman, gravida 0, para 0, presented with a solitary, degenerated uterine myoma that was 34–36 weeks' gestational size and erythrocytosis. After GnRH agonist treatment and myomectomy, the tumor was analyzed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Specific erythropoietin primer with erythropoietin messenger RNA was noted. Conclusion: Erythropoietin production by myomata might cause erythrocytosis in myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome. Erythropoietin messenger RNA in uterine myomata might cause the erythrocytosis seen in myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome.
High brightness, quantum-defect-limited conversion efficiency in cladding-pumped Raman fiber amplifiers and oscillators (2010)

We present a detailed theoretical investigation of cladding-pumped Raman fiber amplification in an unexplored parameter space of high conversion efficiency (> 60%) and high brightness enhancement (> 1000). Fibers with large clad-to-core diameter ratios can provide a promising means for Raman-based brightness enhancement of diode pump sources. Unfortunately, the diameter ratio cannot be extended indefinitely since the intensity generated in the core can greatly exceed that in the cladding long before the pump is fully depleted. If left uncontrolled, this leads to the generation of parasitic second-order Stokes wavelengths in the core, limiting the conversion efficiency and as we will show, clamping the achievable brightness enhancement. Using a coupled-wave formalism, we present the upper limit on brightness enhancement as a function of diameter ratio for conventionally guided fibers. We further present strategies for overcoming this limit based upon depressed well core designs. We consider two configurations: 1) pulsed cladding-pumped Raman fiber amplifier (CPRFA) and 2) cw cladding-pumped Raman fiber laser (CPRFL).
80 GHz field-effect transistors produced using high purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (2009)

This paper presents the high frequency performance of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) field-effect transistors, with channel consisting of dense networks of high purity semiconducting SWNTs. Using SWNT samples containing 99% pure semiconducting SWNTs, we achieved operating frequencies above 80 GHz. This record frequency does not require aligned SWNTs, thus demonstrating the remarkable potential of random networks of sorted SWNTs for high frequency electronics.
Energy barriers in magnetic random access memory elements (2003)

Minimum energy paths and energy barriers are calculated for the free data layer in elliptical magnetic random access memory elements using a recently developed method that combines the nudged elastic band method with finite-element micro-magnetics. The method calculates the magnetic states along the most probable reversal paths for applied fields below the zero temperature switching field. The reversal mode in the minimum energy path depends on the strength of the external field. With increasing easy axis field, the reversal mode becomes more inhomogeneous than at lower fields.
Biological and immunological features of humanized M195 (anti-CD33) monoclonal antibodies. (1992)

Human-mouse chimeric immunoglobulins G1 and G3 (IgG1 and IgG3) (ChG1, ChG3) and "complementarity-determining region"-grafted, humanized IgG1 and IgG3 (HuG1, HuG3) constructs of the mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) M195 were characterized. M195 is a murine immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a), anti-CD33 mAb, specifically reactive with acute myelogenous leukemia cells, that is active as an antileukemia agent in humans. The new mAb constructs maintained specificity and biological function, including rapid internalization after binding to the cell surface, which has been important for delivery of therapeutic isotopes in patients. Although previously reported complementarity-determining region-grafted mAbs had reduced avidities, the HuG1 and HuG3 M195 showed up to an 8.6- and 4-fold higher binding avidity, respectively, than the original murine mAb. All constructs were effective at mediating rabbit complement-mediated cytotoxicity against HL60 targets. Fibroblasts transfected with CD33 genes and expressing high levels of CD33 antigen were also lysed in the presence of human complement, but HL60 cells or fibroblasts with lower CD33 levels were not killed. Thus, the inability of M195 and constructs to kill HL60 targets with human complement is due to the much lower antigen density on HL60 cells compared to CD33+ fibroblasts. Unlike the murine M195, the chimeric and humanized M195 demonstrated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as effectors. Because the chimeric and humanized M195 have improved avidities as compared to the original M195 and have, in addition, the potential to avoid human anti-mouse antibody responses and to recruit human effector functions, these new constructs may be useful therapeutically, either alone or conjugated to toxins or isotopes, in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia.
Sub-layer adequacy in smectic ordering : structural charcterization of new low molar mass liquid-crystalline siloxanes (1993)

This paper deals with the structural characterization of a new series of smectogens the molecules of which contain three distinct parts, a cyanobiphenyl aromatic core, a central paraffin chain and a siloxane endgroup. Incompatible with one another, these parts tend to locate themselves in three seprate sub-layers superposed in a partially bilayered smectic A structure. Because the siloxane endgroups have an important lateral extension as compared with the other two molecular moieties, the head to head association of the cyano endgroups is smaller than usual and the smectic layering of the aromatic cores closer to a single layer arrangement. This behaviour illustrates the necessity for the sub-layers to adapt their internal structure so as to be adequate for superposition.
Die Konfiguration der 2.6‐Didesoxy‐2.6‐diamino‐hexopyranose aus Neomycin C (1961)

Abstract Durch direkten Vergleich wurde die Identität der synthetischen 2.6‐Didesoxy‐2.6‐diamino‐ d ‐glucose mit der aus Neomycin C erhaltenen 2.6‐Didesoxy‐2.6‐diamino‐hexopyranose bewiesen.
Ginkgo- tree dermatitis, stomatitis, and proctitis (1975)

ALLERGENS causing skin sensitization also can result in allergic contact reactions of mucous membranes including cheilitis, stomatitis, proctitis, and pruritus ani. The present case illustrates an unusual cause of such allergy from the fruit of the female ginkgo tree. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 63-year-old man was observed in the Dermatology Clinic for porphyria cutaneatarda. His urinary uroporphyrins had decreased to 227μg/24 hr with abstinence from alcohol. During a scheduled return visit, perioral erythema and swelling were noted. The patient related a history of burning, tingling, and soreness of his mouth, and a thick feeling in his tongue which began that morning. He denied the ingestion of new foods, new toothpaste, chewing gum, or oral medications. Results of a physical examination showed perioral erythema, swollen lips, and erythema of the buccal mucosa, tongue, and tonsillar pillars. The patient was advised to change toothpaste, avoid chewing gum, gargle with salt water,
Synthesis of 2-(Trifluoromethyl)oxazoles from β-Monosubstituted Enamines via PhI(OCOCF3)2-Mediated Trifluoroacetoxylation and Cyclization (2011)

Treatment of β-monosubstituted enamines with phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) was found to give a variety of 4,5-disubstituted 2-(trifluoromethyl)oxazoles. This approach allows the incorporation of the trifluoromethyl moiety in PIFA into the final products, which presumably takes place via the oxidative β-trifluoroacetoxylation of the enamine substrates followed by subsequent intramolecular cyclization.
Bottom-Up Design and Synthesis of Limit Size Lipid Nanoparticle Systems with Aqueous and Triglyceride Cores Using Millisecond Microfluidic Mixing (2012)

Limit size systems are defined as the smallest achievable aggregates compatible with the packing of the molecular constituents in a defined and energetically stable structure. Here we report the use of rapid microfluidic mixing for the controlled synthesis of two types of limit size lipid nanoparticle (LNP) systems, having either polar or nonpolar cores. Specifically, limit size LNP consisting of 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC), cholesterol and the triglyceride triolein were synthesized by mixing a stream of ethanol containing dissolved lipid with an aqueous stream, employing a staggered herringbone micromixer. Millisecond mixing of aqueous and ethanol streams at high flow rate ratios (FRR) was used to rapidly increase the polarity of the medium, driving bottom-up synthesis of limit size LNP systems by spontaneous assembly. For POPC/triolein systems the limit size structures consisted of a hydrophobic core of triolein surrounded by a monolayer of POPC where the diameter could be rationally engineered over the range 20-80 nm by varying the POPC/triolein ratio. In the case of POPC and POPC/cholesterol (55/45; mol/mol) the limit size systems achieved were bilayer vesicles of approximately 20 and 40 nm diameter, respectively. We further show that doxorubicin, a representative weak base drug, can be efficiently loaded and retained in limit size POPC LNP, establishing potential utility as drug delivery systems. To our knowledge this is the first report of stable triglyceride emulsions in the 20-50 nm size range, and the first time vesicular systems in the 20-50 nm size range have been generated by a scalable manufacturing method. These results establish microfluidic mixing as a powerful and general approach to access novel LNP systems, with both polar or nonpolar core structures, in the sub-100 nm size range.
Cell Cycle–Dependent Antagonistic Interactions between Paclitaxel and γ-Radiation in Combination Therapy (2004)

Our results suggest that gamma-radiation might specifically block the cell cycle at G(2) phase, which in turn prevents the cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel on both mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, it eventually results in a cell cycle-dependent antagonistic effect on the antitumor activity of paclitaxel. This finding may be relevant to the clinical application of combination therapy with paclitaxel and radiation.
Hierarchically Split Cube Forests for Decision Support: description and tuned design (1996)

The paradigmatic view of data in decision support consists of a set of dimensions (e.g., location, product, time period, ...), each encoding a hierarchy (e.g., location has hemisphere, country, state/province, ..., block). Typical queries consist of aggregates over a quantifiable attribute (e.g., sales) as a function of at most one attribute in each dimension of this &amp;quot;data cube.&amp;quot; For example, find the sum of all sales of blue polo shirts in Palm Beach during the last quarter. In this paper, we introduce an index structure for storing and indexing aggregates, called cube forests, to support such cube queries efficiently --- one index search is usually enough. In their most general form, cube forests require a lot of space. So, we present an optimized structure, called hierarchically split cube forests that exploit the hierarchical nature of the data to save space. We then present a model and algorithms to arrive at designs that further reduce update time, but suffer an increas...
Genome-wide RNA-seq analysis of human and mouse platelet transcriptomes (2011)

Inbred mice are a useful tool for studying the in vivo functions of platelets. Nonetheless, the mRNA signature of mouse platelets is not known. Here, we use paired-end next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to characterize the polyadenylated transcriptomes of human and mouse platelets. We report that RNA-seq provides unprecedented resolution of mRNAs that are expressed across the entire human and mouse genomes. Transcript expression and abundance are often conserved between the 2 species. Several mRNAs, however, are differentially expressed in human and mouse platelets. Moreover, previously described functional disparities between mouse and human platelets are reflected in differences at the transcript level, including protease activated receptor-1, protease activated receptor-3, platelet activating factor receptor, and factor V. This suggests that RNA-seq is a useful tool for predicting differences in platelet function between mice and humans. Our next-generation sequencing analysis provides new insights into the human and murine platelet transcriptomes. The sequencing dataset will be useful in the design of mouse models of hemostasis and a catalyst for discovery of new functions of platelets. Access to the dataset is found in the "Introduction."
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidines derived from 6-aryl-5-cyano-2-thiouracil (2016)

Starting from 6-aryl-5-cyano-2-thiouracil derivative 1a-f, a series of novel thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines 4a-f were synthesized. The mechanism and the regioselectivity of the studied reactions are discussed. In addition, a series of tetrahydro-4-H-pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines 7a-e and 2-((ethoxymethyl)thio)-4-aryl-1,6-dihydropyrimidines 9b,c,e were synthesized. The anti-microbial activities of some of the prepared compounds were screened, and the results revealed that compounds 3c and 4c were more active than the standard (Ampicillin) against gram positive bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Moreover, compounds 4b,e and 3f were found to be good antifungal agents against the studied fungal strains.
[Antimicrobial therapy with nitroheterocyclic compounds, for example, metronidazole and nitrofurantoin]. (1988)

Nitroheterocyclic compounds, such as metronidazole and nitrofurantoin, are widely used in medical practice for the treatment of infectious diseases. Indeed, they exhibit a strong antimicrobial effect, which is directed not only against several groups of bacteria but also against certain protozoa and even worms. The nitrogroup coupled onto a heterocyclic structure, for example an imidazole, a thiazole or a furan ring, represents the proper site of effect. A priori the nitrogroup is, however, inactive. It has to be activated by microbial nitroreductases after penetration into the microbial cell. Those microorganisms which possess an anaerobic metabolism exhibit marked nitroreductase activity. The intracellularly produced intermediate products attack the chromosomal DNA of the target cell. Consequently, diverse mutations may occur. Partially, these chromosomal damages can be compensated by an SOS repair mechanism, which is under the control of the uvrB, lexA and polA genes. SOS repair-deficient mutants are much more susceptible to nitrocompounds than repair-proficient strains. Principally, the genotoxic activity of nitrocontaining compounds can also be expressed in eukaryotic cells of human or animal origin. This virtual property does not, however, prohibit clinical use, since until now no evidence of increased cancer incidence has been observed after rational therapy with nitrocompounds.
Aminopeptidase N is a receptor for tumor-homing peptides and a target for inhibiting angiogenesis. (2000)

Phage that display a surface peptide with the NGR sequence motif home selectively to tumor vasculature in vivo. A drug coupled to an NGR peptide has more potent antitumor effects than the free drug [W. Arap et al., Science (Washington DC), 279: 377-380, 1998]. We show here that the receptor for the NGR peptides in tumor vasculature is aminopeptidase N (APN; also called CD13). NGR phage specifically bound to immunocaptured APN and to cells engineered to express APN on their surface. Antibodies against APN inhibited in vivo tumor homing by the NGR phage. Immunohistochemical staining showed that APN expression is up-regulated in endothelial cells within mouse and human tumors. In another tissue that undergoes angiogenesis, corpus luteum, blood vessels also expressed APN, but APN was not detected in blood vessels of various other normal tissues stained under the same conditions. APN antagonists specifically inhibited angiogenesis in chorioallantoic membranes and in the retina and suppressed tumor growth. Thus, APN is involved in angiogenesis and can serve as a target for delivering drugs into tumors and for inhibiting angiogenesis.
Identification and purification of the enhancer-binding factor of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (1989)

The enhancer-binding factor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 was purified from human B cells by sequence-specific duplex oligonucleotide affinity chromatography. Gel retardation assay and footprint analysis showed that the purified factor bound specifically to the HIV-1 enhancer sequence, and protected both direct repeats in the HIV-1 enhancer. The purified factor consisted of four main polypeptides of the molecular weight of 36,000-42,000. At least three of them had enhancer-binding activity after elution from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel and renaturation. UV cross-linking analysis also showed that at least two of the polypeptides in purified fraction had a binding activity specific for the HIV-1 enhancer. The purified factor activated transcription from the HIV-1 promoter in vitro, confirming that it was indeed a transcription factor for HIV-1. The purified factor also recognized sequences in the immunoglobulin kappa gene enhancer and the major histocompatibility complex class I gene enhancer with almost the same affinity as the HIV-1 enhancer. These results suggested the existence of multiple proteins which recognize the kappa B-related sequences. This regulatory factor should help in the study of the biochemical pathway underlying HIV production from latently infected cells.