gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliable broadcast of routing information using diffusing computations (2003)

A distributed algorithm called T-DA is presented. It allows the routing nodes, of a computer network or internet to maintain the correct view of the topology, even when link costs change or the topology changes due to failures or additions of nodes or links. T-DA eliminates the need for flooding by implementing a routing algorithm based on distance vectors to broadcast link-state information reliably over spanning trees that have the shortest distances to the sources of the link-state updates. T-DA eliminates the need for auxiliary information by asking each node to trust the link states reported by the neighbor closest to the source of such information.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reincarnating PCs with portable SoulPads (2005)

The ability to walk up to any computer, personalize it, and use it as one's own has long been a goal of mobile computing research. We present SoulPad, a new approach based on carrying an auto-configuring operating system along with a suspended virtual machine on a small portable device. With this approach, the computer boots from the device and resumes the virtual machine, thus giving the user access to his personal environment, including previously running computations. SoulPad has minimal infrastructure requirements and is therefore applicable to a wide range of conditions, particularly in developing countries. We report our experience implementing SoulPad and using it on a variety of hardware configurations. We address challenges common to systems similar to SoulPad, and show that the SoulPad model has significant potential as a mobility solution.
Breast Cancer–Associated Fibroblasts Confer AKT1-Mediated Epigenetic Silencing of Cystatin M in Epithelial Cells (2008)

The interplay between histone modifications and promoter hypermethylation provides a causative explanation for epigenetic gene silencing in cancer. Less is known about the upstream initiators that direct this process. Here, we report that the Cystatin M (CST6) tumor suppressor gene is concurrently down-regulated with other loci in breast epithelial cells cocultured with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Promoter hypermethylation of CST6 is associated with aberrant AKT1 activation in epithelial cells, as well as the disabled INNP4B regulator resulting from the suppression by CAFs. Repressive chromatin, marked by trimethyl-H3K27 and dimethyl-H3K9, and de novo DNA methylation is established at the promoter. The findings suggest that microenvironmental stimuli are triggers in this epigenetic cascade, leading to the long-term silencing of CST6 in breast tumors. Our present findings implicate a causal mechanism defining how tumor stromal fibroblasts support neoplastic progression by manipulating the epigenome of mammary epithelial cells. The result also highlights the importance of direct cell-cell contact between epithelial cells and the surrounding fibroblasts that confer this epigenetic perturbation. Because this two-way interaction is anticipated, the described coculture system can be used to determine the effect of epithelial factors on fibroblasts in future studies.
Phase Separation of Block Copolymer Synthesized via Catalytic ROMP Reaction (2010)

Abstract A new block copolymer of cycloolefin was synthesized by catalytic block copolymerization. Nanoscaled phase separation of the block copolymer was observed by TEM, demonstrating the formation of the block copolymer by this method. The coexistence of plural nanostructures might be caused by broader polydispersity of the block copolymer.
Psychotropic Drug Directory: The Professionals' Pocket Handbook and Aide Memoire (2001)

Aimed at practising clinicians, this psychiatric drug reference is designed as a companion to the British National Formulary. Arranged in a problem-orientated form, it includes over 3000 references for rapid identification of key papers for further research.
Strong Smooth Muscle Differentiation Is Dependent on Myocardin Gene Amplification in Most Human Retroperitoneal Leiomyosarcomas (2009)

Myocardin (MYOCD), a serum response factor (SRF) transcriptional cofactor, is essential for cardiac and smooth muscle development and differentiation. We show here by array-based comparative genomic hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and expression analysis approaches that MYOCD gene is highly amplified and overexpressed in human retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas (LMS), a very aggressive well-differentiated tumor. MYOCD inactivation by shRNA in a human LMS cell line with MYOCD locus amplification leads to a dramatic decrease of smooth muscle differentiation and strongly reduces cell migration. Moreover, forced MYOCD expression in three undifferentiated sarcoma cell lines and in one liposarcoma cell line confers a strong smooth muscle differentiation phenotype and increased migration abilities. Collectively, these results show that human retroperitoneal LMS differentiation is dependent on MYOCD amplification/overexpression, suggesting that in these well-differentiated LMS, differentiation could be a consequence of an acquired genomic alteration. In this hypothesis, these tumors would not necessarily derive from cells initially committed to smooth muscle differentiation. These data also provide new insights on the cellular origin of these sarcomas and on the complex connections between oncogenesis and differentiation in mesenchymal tumors.
Transactional flash (2008)

Transactional flash (TxFlash) is a novel solid-state drive (SSD) that uses flash memory and exports a transactional interface (WriteAtomic) to the higher-level software. The copy-on-write nature of the flash translation layer and the fast random access makes flash memory the right medium to support such an interface. We further develop a novel commit protocol called cyclic commit for TxFlash; the protocol has been specified formally and model checked.Our evaluation, both on a simulator and an emulator on top of a real SSD, shows that TxFlash does not increase the flash firmware complexity significantly and provides transactional features with very small overheads (less than 1%), thereby making file systems easier to build. It further shows that the new cyclic commit protocol significantly outperforms traditional commit for small transactions (95% improvement in transaction throughput) and completely eliminates the space overhead due to commit records.
Human amniotic epithelial cell feeder layers maintain iPS cell pluripotency by inhibiting endogenous DNA methyltransferase 1 (2013)

Maintaining induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in an undifferentiated, self-renewing state during long-term cultivation is, at present, a major challenge. We previously showed that human amniotic epithelial cells (HuAECs) were able to provide a good source of feeder cells for mouse and human embryonic or spermatogonial stem cells; however, the epigenetic mechanisms have not been elucidated. In the present study, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and HuAECs were compared as feeder layers for the long-term culture of human iPS cells. The HuAEC feeders allowed human iPS cells to maintain a high level of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and to express key stem cell markers during long-term subculture whereas the MEF feeders did not,. Moreover, the HuAEC feeders significantly affected the cell cycle regulation of the iPS cells, maintaining them in the resting stage and the early stage of DNA synthesis (G0/G1 stage). Furthermore, the CpG islands of the <i>Nanog</i> and <i>Oct4</i> promoters were hypomethylated, while the <i>Nanog</i>- and <i>Oct4</i>-specific loci exhibited higher levels of histone H3 acetylation and lower levels of H3K27 trimethylation in iPS cells cultured on HuAECs compared with those cultured on MEFs. The DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression in iPS cells cultured on HuAECs was shown to be lower than in those cultured on MEFs. In addition, DNMT1-silenced human iPS cells were able to maintain pluripotency over long-term culture on MEFs. In combination, these results suggest that endogenous DNMT1 expression in human iPS cells may be regulated by HuAEC feeder cells and that <i>Nanog</i> and <i>Oct4</i> are crucial components required for the maintenance of iPS cells in an undifferentiated, proliferative state, capable of self-renewal.
Influenza Virus NS1 Protein Counteracts PKR-Mediated Inhibition of Replication (2000)

The availability of an influenza virus NS1 gene knockout virus (delNS1 virus) allowed us to establish the significance of the biological relationship between the influenza virus NS1 protein and double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) in the life cycle and pathogenicity of influenza virus. Our results show that the lack of functional PKR permits the delNS1 virus to replicate in otherwise nonpermissive hosts, suggesting that the major function of the influenza virus NS1 protein is to counteract or prevent the PKR-mediated antiviral response.
An implantable CMOS analog signal processor for multiplexed microelectrode recording arrays (1990)

A second-generation multichannel probe designed for measuring single-unit activity in neural structures is described. The probe includes CMOS circuitry for amplifying and multiplexing the recorded signals and for electronically positioning the recording sites with respect to the active neurons. The probe offers a typical AC gain of 150 (50 Hz to 10 kHz), a DC gain of 0.3, and an equivalent input noise of 13 mu V rms. Eight active recording sites are selected from among 32 on the probe shank using a static input channel selector. The probe implements channel selection, self-tuning data output, and initialization using a three-lead connection to the outside world. The probe is realized using 12 masks in a high-yield single-sided dissolved wafer process with a 3- mu m feature size for the circuitry and a 3- mu m pitch on the electrode shanks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Salsolinol, a derivate of dopamine, is a possible modulator of catecholaminergic transmission: a review of recent developments (2006)

Catecholamine (dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine) synthesizing neurons are widely distributed in the brain, sympathetic ganglia and throughout peripheral organs. Results of several recent experiments clearly suggest that many of these neurons can also contain 1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (salsolinol), a derivate of dopamine. However, direct proof of salsolinol synthesis in those neurons is still missing. The data obtained with administration of exogenous salsolinol strongly indicate that it may play an important role in catecholaminergic regulatory processes, such as the regulation of prolactin release and/or neuronal transmission in sympathetic ganglia. Several recent data have also indicated a relationship between salsolinol or its metabolites and the etiology of Parkinson's disease or neuropathology of chronic alcoholism. These seemingly different roles of salsolinol will be discussed separately, but some common features will also be highlighted. Based on all of the discussed data the existence of a "salsolinolergic" system using salsolinol as a neuromodulator, which may be present in catecholamine synthesizing neurons, is postulated.
Accumulation of Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Membrane Glycerolipids Is Associated with Dramatic Alterations in Plant Morphology (1998)

Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the Arabidopsis FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 gene under the control of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus accumulated very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) throughout the plant. In some transformants, C20 and C22 VLCFAs accounted for >30% of the total fatty acids, accumulating at the expense of C16 and C18 fatty acids. These C20 and C22 fatty acids were incorporated into all of the major membrane glycerolipid classes. Plants with a high VLCFA content displayed a dramatically altered morphology, which included the failure of flowering shoots to elongate, a modified spatial pattern of siliques, an altered floral phenotype, and a large accumulation of anthocyanins. In addition, these plants also exhibited a unique alteration of the chloroplast membrane structure. We discuss a possible role for VLCFAs in establishing the shape/curvature of the membranes, which in turn may affect the shape of the cell and ultimately that of the whole plant.
mTOR: taking cues from the immune microenvironment (2009)

The ultimate outcome of T cell receptor recognition is determined by the context in which the antigen is encountered. In this fashion both antigen-presenting cells and T cells must integrate multiple environmental cues in the form of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, cytokines and accessory molecule signals. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays a central role in integrating environmental signals critical to regulating metabolism and cell survival. In this paper we review the data demonstrating that mTOR integrates signals from the immune microenvironment and therefore facilitates the generation of the adaptive immune response. Specifically, we review the role of mTOR in promoting dendritic cell activation and maturation, in regulating full T cell activation versus anergy, and influencing the induction of regulatory T cells.
Renal complications of mitomycin C therapy with special reference to the total dose (1985)

One hundred forty-two patients with gastrointestinal cancer were treated with combination chemotherapy containing mitomycin C. The mitomycin C dose was less than or equal to 15 mg/m2 every 53rd day and the total cumulative dose was between 25 and 250 mg. Ten of the evaluable 118 patients (8.5%) developed renal toxicity due to mitomycin C. Five of these ten patients had microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, too. Six of them died 2 to 4.5 months after the last mitomycin C dose and four are alive 14 to 30 months after the last dose. Only 1 of the 63 patients (1.6%) who received less than 50 mg/m2 mitomycin C developed renal toxicity. Four of the 37 patients (10.8%) who received 50 to 69 mg/m2 and 5 of 18 (27.8%) who received more than 70 mg/m2 of mitomycin C developed nephrotoxicity. The toxicity of mitomycin C seems to be dose related, the safe total dose being less than 50 mg/m2 if delivered in doses of 10 to 15 mg/m2 at 8-week intervals.
Potentiation of antitumor immunity by antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (2001)

Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) has displayed antitumor activity in animal models and clinical trials. We examined whether antitumor immunity is generated during ADEPT by employing an immunoenzyme composed of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) RH1 conjugated to beta-glucuronidase to target rat AS-30D hepatocellular carcinoma tumors. A glucuronide prodrug of p-hydroxyaniline mustard was used to treat malignant ascites after immunoenzyme localization at the cancer cells. ADEPT cured more than 96% of Sprague-Dawley rats bearing advanced malignant ascites, and all cured rats were protected from a lethal challenge of AS-30D cells. Immunization with radiation-killed AS-30D cells or AS-30D cells coated with immunoenzyme did not provide tumor protection. Likewise, ex vivo treatment of tumor cells by ADEPT before injection into rats did not protect against a tumor challenge. AS-30D and N1-S1 hepatocellular carcinoma cells but not unrelated syngeneic tumor cells were lysed by peritoneal exudate cells isolated from ADEPT-cured rats. Depletion of CD8(+) but not CD4(+) T cells or natural killer (NK) cells reduced the cytolytic activity of peritoneal lymphocytes. ADEPT did not cure tumor-bearing rats depleted of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells even though it was curative when given 7 days after tumor transplantation in rats with an intact immune system, indicating that ADEPT can synergize with host immunity to increase therapeutic efficacy. These results have important implications for the clinical application of ADEPT.
Interleukin-7 promotes survival and cell cycle progression of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by down-regulating the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 (2001)

In normal T-cell development interleukin-7 (IL-7) functions as an antiapoptotic factor by regulating bcl-2 expression in immature thymocytes and mature T cells. Similar to what occurs in normal immature thymocytes, prevention of spontaneous apoptosis by IL-7 in precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells correlates with up-regulation of bcl-2. IL-7 is also implicated in leukemogenesis because IL-7 transgenic mice develop lymphoid malignancies, suggesting that IL-7 may regulate the generation and expansion of malignant cells. This study shows that in the presence of IL-7, T-ALL cells not only up-regulated bcl-2 expression and escaped apoptosis but also progressed in the cell cycle, resulting in sequential induction of cyclin D2 and cyclin A. Down-regulation of p27kip1 was mandatory for IL-7-mediated cell cycle progression and temporally coincided with activation of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)4 and cdk2 and hyperphosphorylation of Rb. Strikingly, forced expression of p27kip1 in T-ALL cells not only prevented cell cycle progression but also reversed IL-7-mediated up-regulation of bcl-2 and promotion of viability. These results show for the first time that a causative link between IL-7-mediated proliferation and p27kip1 down-regulation exists in malignant T cells. Moreover, these results suggest that p27kip1 may function as a tumor suppressor gene not only because it is a negative regulator of cell cycle progression but also because it is associated with induction of apoptosis of primary malignant cells.
Ligand binding and activation of the CGRP receptor (2007)

The receptor for CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) is a heterodimer between a GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor), CLR (calcitonin receptor-like receptor) and an accessory protein, RAMP1 (receptor activity-modifying protein 1). Models have been produced of RAMP1 and CLR. It is likely that the C-terminus of CGRP interacts with the extracellular N-termini of CLR and RAMP1; the extreme N-terminus of CLR is particularly important and may interact directly with CGRP and also with RAMP1. The N-terminus of CGRP interacts with the TM (transmembrane) portion of the receptor; the second ECL (extracellular loop) is especially important. Receptor activation is likely to involve the relative movements of TMs 3 and 6 to create a G-protein-binding pocket, as in Family A GPCRs. Pro(321) in TM6 appears to act as a pivot. At the base of TMs 2 and 3, Arg(151), His(155) and Glu(211) may form a loose equivalent of the Family A DRY (Asp-Arg-Tyr) motif. Although the details of this proposed activation mechanism clearly do not apply to all Family B GPCRs, the broad outlines may be conserved.
An overview of the use of antidepressants in children and adolescents. (2008)

Despite recent FDA warnings, antidepressants are beneficial for a variety of childhood disorders (including MDD, Anxiety Disorders, ADHD, and Autism).
Salary study 2010 (2010)

Subtitle: Flight hours increasing. Leading firms raise salaries up to 3%. Used aircraft glut means bargain jets for smart mgmt. Rehiring of laid-off pilots beginning. Charter up over last year. Noncombatant govt flying pays well. Helo use growing.
Storage, retrieval, and delivery of video data in video-on-demand systems .1 (1997)

Summary form only given. Video-on-demand (VoD) systems are by far the most commercially active systems that exploit new developments in multimedia technology. A crucial aspect of a video-on-demand system is the handling of video data at the service provider's end, in the network, and at the client's end. The storage, retrieval, and delivery of data forms the backbone of all VoD systems. The storage of data involves compression techniques that need embellishments because of the special features of video data. The real-time nature of continuous media makes the storage and retrieval an important aspect of preprocessing prior to the delivery to the client's premises. The objective of this tutorial is to provide a comprehensive coverage of major results in the area of storage, retrieval, and delivery of video data for video-on-demand systems from an introductory point of view, although several fairly advanced and current topics are covered. The tutorial should be of interest to researchers and graduate students in computer science and engineering, and especially those who are interested in the theory and applications of video-on-demand systems.
Highly Soluble [1]Benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene (BTBT) Derivatives for High-Performance, Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors (2007)

2,7-Dialkyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophenes were tested as solution-processible molecular semiconductors. Thin films of the organic semiconductors deposited on Si/SiO2 substrates by spin coating have well-ordered structures as confirmed by XRD analysis. Evaluations of the devices under ambient conditions showed typical p-channel FET responses with the field-effect mobility higher than 1.0 cm2 V-1 s-1 and Ion/Ioff of approximately 10(7).
Topical application of a cyclic GMP analog lowers IOP in normal and ocular hypertensive rabbits. (1994)

BB-cGMP holds interest both as a clinical agent in the management of intraocular pressure and for in vitro biochemical studies on the regulation of intraocular pressure.
Combined Effects of Inhaled Nitric Oxide and a Recruitment Maneuver in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2003)

Nitric oxide (NO) inhalation therapy has been employed in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), in order to improve oxygenation. Several factors have been implicated as being responsible for the action of inhaled NO. Alveolar recruitment methods, such as prone positioning and a sufficient positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), have been identified as having a positive impact on the NO response. A Recruitment maneuver (RM) was introduced for the treatment of ARDS, along with a lung protective strategy. Here, we hypothesized that a RM may further augment the oxygenation of patients treated with NO inhalation. Therefore, the effects of the inhalation of NO, either in combination with a RM, or separately, were evaluated on patients with ARDS for their enhancing action. 23 patients with ARDS were enrolled, and divided into three groups. The patients in group 1 (n=11) were treated with 5 ppm NO via inhalation, followed by a RM, applying a sustained inflation pressure of 30 - 35 cmH2O for 30 seconds. Group 2 (n=6) received a RM alone, while group 3 (n=3) was treated with NO inhalation alone. The oxygenation and hemodynamic parameters were obtained prior to, and 2, 12, and 24 h after, the respective treatment procedures. For group 1, the PaO2/FiO2 increased from its initial value of 171.8 +/- 67.8 to 203.2 +/- 90.0 2 h after NO inhalation. Further improvement was noted with the continual application of the RM reaching, 215.5 +/- 74.6 (p=0.05) and 254.2 +/- 109.5 (p < 0.05), after 12 and 24 h, respectively. Initially 7 of the subjects did not respond to NO inhalation, but 3 of these non-responders changed into responders 12 h after the RM. The changes in the PaO2/FiO2 from baseline at each time period were greater in group 1 than in the other groups, but with no statistical significance. The hemodynamics of the patients was not significantly altered during the entire study period. We conclude that the combined application of NO inhalation and a RM could be beneficial and safe for patients with ARDS, showing an enhancing effect in improvement of oxygenation.