gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cetuximab in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2004)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR activation results in phosphorylation of several downstream intracellular substrates involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inhibition of apoptosis. Cetuximab (C225, Erbitux), a monoclonal antibody directed against ligand binding in the extracellular domain of EGFR, inhibits tumor growth and is synergistic with chemotherapy and radiation. Cetuximab has been studied in combination with chemotherapy in previously untreated metastatic NSCLC. The response rates in preliminary reports range from 29% to 53%. In patients with refractory/recurrent NSCLC, the combination of docetaxel and cetuximab resulted in a promising response rate of 28%, higher than the typical response rates seen with docetaxel monotherapy in this setting. Addition of cetuximab to chemotherapy is generally well tolerated. Molecular mechanisms predicting response to cetuximab therapy are currently not well understood. Studies are ongoing to assess the single-agent activity of cetuximab in metastatic NSCLC.
Key‐Frame Extraction Based on HSV Histogram and Adaptive Clustering (2019)

Along with the fast development of digital information technology and the application of Internet, video data begins to grow explosively. Some applications with high real‐time requirements, such as object detection, require strong online video storage and analysis capabilities. Key‐frame extraction is an important technique in video analysis, which provides an organizational framework for dealing with video content and reduces the amount of data required in video indexing. To address the problem, this study proposes a key‐frame extraction method based on HSV (hue, saturation, value) histogram and adaptive clustering. The HSV histogram is used as color features for each frame, which reduces the amount of data. Furthermore, by using the transformed one‐dimensional eigenvector, the fixed number of features can be extracted for images with different sizes. Then, a cluster validation technique, the silhouette coefficient, is employed to get the appropriate number of clusters without setting any clustering parameters. Finally, several algorithms are compared in the experiments. The density peak clustering algorithm (DPCA) model is shown to be more effective than the other four models in precision and F ‐measure.
The human centromeric survival motor neuron gene (SMN2) rescues embryonic lethality in Smn-/- mice and results in a mouse with spinal muscular atrophy (2000)

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common motor neuron disease in humans and in its most severe form causes death by the age of 2 years. It is caused by defects in the telomeric survival motor neuron gene ( SMN1 ), but patients retain at least one copy of a highly homologous gene, centromeric SMN ( SMN2 ). Mice possess only one survival motor neuron gene ( Smn ) whose loss is embryonic lethal. Therefore, to obtain a mouse model of SMA we created transgenic mice that express human SMN2 and mated these onto the null Smn (-/-)background. We show that Smn (-/-); SMN2 mice carrying one or two copies of the transgene have normal numbers of motor neurons at birth, but vastly reduced numbers by postnatal day 5, and subsequently die. This closely resembles a severe type I SMA phenotype in humans and is the first report of an animal model of the disease. Eight copies of the transgene rescues this phenotype in the mice indicating that phenotypic severity can be modulated by SMN2 copy number. These results show that SMA is caused by insufficient SMN production by the SMN2 gene and that increased expression of the SMN2 gene may provide a strategy for treating SMA patients.
Purification and characterization of Escherichia coli formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase that excises damaged 7-methylguanine from deoxyribonucleic acid (1981)

A DNA glycosylase that excises 7-methylguanines with alkali-opened imidazole rings (formamidopyrimidines) from DNA has been purified more than 8000-fold from Escherichia coli cell extracts. The enzyme does not cleave 3-methyladenine, uracil, and intact 7-methylguanine from DNA. In assays containing pyrimidine analogues like oxauracil, 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2,5,6-triamino-2-hydroxypyrimidine sulfate, formamidopyrimidine, and 5-nitroso-2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine, only the two compounds showed end product inhibition of the enzyme. The enzyme has been named formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase. It has a molecular weight of 30 000 and a Stokes radius of 26.4 A. The enzyme prefers double-stranded to single-stranded DNA and is stimulated by the presence of 0.1 M KCl in the reaction mixture.
Modulated optical transmission of subwavelength hole arrays in metal-VO2 films (2006)

We demonstrate the modulation of the transmission of near-infrared light through a periodic array of subwavelength apertures in Ag–VO2 and Au–VO2 double-layer films using the semiconductor-to-metal phase transition in VO2. The transmitted intensity ratio increases by a factor of 8 as the VO2 goes from the semiconductor to the metal phase. We attribute this modulation to the switchable dielectric-permittivity contrast between the air-filled holes in the array and the surrounding VO2 material, a conjecture that is semiquantitatively confirmed by simulation.
Bioluminescence & Chemiluminescence: Progress & Current Applications (2002)

Bioluminescence: the structural determinants of bioluminescence colours in railroad worm and other pH-insensitive luciferases, V.R. Viviani et al. Beetle bioluminescence: altering the surface hydrophobicity of firefly luciferase, G.H. Law et al red shifts in firefly bioluminescence spectra, E.V. Nemtseva et al. Marine bacteria bioluminescence: luminescence-stimulated DNA repair in various bacterial strains, A. Czyz et al common features of the quorum sensing systems in vibrio species, C. Miyamoto et al. Coelenterate bioluminescence: fluorescent proteins - who's got 'em and why? W.W. Ward. Chemiluminescence: iron-mediated hydroxylation of phthalic hydrazide, J. Arnhold and J. Geyer stabilized chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetanes, B.P. Giri et al. Luminescence in education: bioluminescence as an educational tool, J.I. Gitelson and V.A. Kratasyuk. Instrumentation & devices: a new AUV platform for studying near shore bioluminescence structure, S.M. Blackwell et al chemiluminescence detection for field-flow fractionation, A. Zattoni et al. Antioxidants, reactive oxygen species & phagocytosis: whole blood chemiluminescence in travertine workers, P. De Sole et al evaluation of reactive oxygen species production in Kupffer cells by chemiluminescence, M. Guardigli et al. (Part contents)
Comunicação, classes sociais e cidadania: Crítica da economia política dos estudos culturais (2013)

espanolEl proposito de este articulo es plantear la posibilidad de un acercamiento entre los estudios culturales y la critica de la economia politica, como una manera util de pensar acerca de la relacion entre comunicacion, clases sociales y ciudadania. El argumento central es que Gramsci, un icono de los Estudios Culturales, nunca abandono la critica de la economia politica de inspiracion politica en su analisis de la cultura, ni Raymond Williams, uno de los maximos exponentes de los Estudios Culturales, y que este abandono de los Estudios Culturales debilita su filo critico. Por otra parte, comparando las nociones de cultura dominante, emergente y residual, de Williams, con reflexiones de Gramsci sobre extractos mas retrogrados o progresistas de la cultura popular, se pretende tambien actualizar el debate sobre la relacion entre la comunicacion, la cultura y la ideologia EnglishThe aim of this paper is to posit the possibility of a rapprochement between Cultural Studies and the Critique of Political Economy, as a useful way to think about the relationship between communication, social classes and citizenship. The central argument is that Gramsci, an icon of cultural studies, never abandoned the Marxian inspired critique of political economy in his analysis of culture, nor Raymond Williams, one of the greatest exponents of cultural studies, and that this abandonment from Cultural Studies weakens its critical edge. Furthermore, comparing the notions of the dominant, emerging and residual culture, quoted by Williams, with reflections on Gramsci about most retrograde or progressive extracts of popular culture, it also intends to update the debate on the relationship between communication, culture and ideology portuguesO objetivo deste artigo e postular a possibilidade de uma reaproximacao entre os Estudos Culturais e a Critica da Economia Politica, como um caminho promissor para se pensar as relacoes entre comunicacao, classes sociais e cidadania. O argumento central e que Gramsci, um icone dos Estudos Culturais, jamais abandonou a critica da economia politica de inspiracao marxiana em suas analises da cultura; tampouco Raymond Williams, um dos maiores expoentes dos Estudos Culturais; e que este abandono por parte dos Estudos Culturais enfraquece seu gume critico. Alem disso, cotejando as nocoes de cultura dominante, emergente e residual, de Williams, com as reflexoes de Gramsci sobre extratos mais retrogrados ou progressistas da cultura popular, pretende-se tambem atualizar o debate em torno da relacao entre comunicacao, ideologia e cultura
Stereoselective Photodimerization of (E)-Stilbenes in Crystalline γ-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes (1999)

Solid-state irradiation of the crystalline inclusion complex of (E)-stilbene in gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) yields a single isomer of syn-tetraphenylcyclobutane stereoselectively in high yield. In contrast, the photodimerization of stilbene in solution is very inefficient and unselective, and no photodimer is observed even upon prolonged irradiation of pure crystals. The monosubstituted stilbenes form a pair of photodimers stereoselectively, viz. the syn head-to-head and syn head-to-tail isomers, in comparable yields. The photodimer yields of about 70% and the biphasic decay kinetics of the excited stilbene (as established by picosecond time-resolved diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy) indicate that the stilbene guests are located in at least two distinct sites in the gamma-CD crystal lattice, i.e., a dimerization site where excited stilbene is in close reach of another stilbene guest molecule and an isomerization site where excited stilbene does not find a close neighbor for dimerization and thus undergoes trans --> cis isomerization only.
Incorporation of reporter molecule-labeled nucleotides by DNA polymerases. I. Chemical synthesis of various reporter group-labeled 2'-deoxyribonucleoside-5'-triphosphates (2003)

Fluorescent-labeled DNA is generated through enzymatic incorporation of fluorophore-linked 2'-deoxyribonucleoside-5'-triphosphates (dNTPs) by DNA polymerases. We describe the synthesis of a variety of dye-labeled dNTPs. Amino-linker-modified 5'-triphosphates of all four naturally occurring nucleobases were used as precursors. Commercially available dyes were coupled to the amino function of the side chain. In addition, we attached novel fluorophore derivatives. The labeled products were obtained in at least 96% purity after HPLC purification. Enzymatic incorporation into DNA and subsequent extension of the modified DNA chain were studied. Vent(R) exo- DNA polymerase and a defined template-primer system were used to analyze each dye-labeled dNTP derivative. Our data suggest that the incorporation efficiency depends on the selected dye, the nucleobase or a combination of both.
Viewing and Querying Topic Maps in terms of RDF (2008)

Abstract. Both Topic Maps and RDF are popular semantic web standards designed for machine processing of web documents. Since these representations were originally created for different purposes, they have conceptual differences in their data models, and therefore have different tools to parse, store, and query them. However, there are more tools to handle RDF data than those existing for Topic Maps. Our approach is to map Topic Maps to a view expressed in RDF and then query this view by the RDF query language SPARQL. To achieve this, a generic conceptual schema of Topic Maps is defined using a functional data model. Based on the conceptual schema of Topic Maps, an automatic mapping from Topic Maps to the RDF data model is developed. The mapping provides a general view of any Topic Map data in terms of RDF that can be queried using SPARQL. Query rewriting techniques based on partial evaluation enable realistic performance.
Myostatin regulation during skeletal muscle regeneration (2000)

Myostatin, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is a key negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. The role of myostatin during skeletal muscle regeneration has not previously been reported. In the present studies, normal Sprague-Dawley and growth hormone (GH)-deficient (dw/dw) rats were administered the myotoxin, notexin, in the right M. biceps femoris on day 0. The dw/dw rats then received either saline or human-N-methionyl GH (200microg/100g body weight/day) during the ensuing regeneration. Normal and dw/dw M. biceps femoris were dissected on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 9 and 13, formalin-fixed, then immunostained for myostatin protein. Immunostaining for myostatin revealed high levels of protein within necrotic fibres and connective tissue of normal and dw/dw damaged muscles. Regenerating myotubes contained no myostatin at the time of fusion (peak fusion on day 5), and only low levels of myostatin were observed during subsequent myotube enlargement. Fibres which survived assault by notexin (survivor fibres) contained moderate to high myostatin immunostaining initially. The levels in both normal and dw/dw rat survivor fibres decreased on days 2-3, then increased on days 9-13. In dw/dw rats, there was no observed effect of GH administration on the levels of myostatin protein in damaged muscle. The low level of myostatin observed in regenerating myotubes in these studies suggests a negative regulatory role for myostatin in muscle regeneration.
Dynamic points-to sets (2001)

In this paper, we compare the behavior of pointers in C programs, as approximated by static pointer analysis algorithms, with the actual behavior of pointers when these programs are run. In order to perform this comparison, we have implemented several well known pointer analysis algorithms, and we have built an instrumentation infrastructure for tracking pointer values during program execution.
Cellular adsorption function of the sialoglycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus and its neuraminic acid (1975)

Exposure of vesicular stomatitis (VS) virions to neuraminidase resulted in loss of their ability to agglutinate goose erythrocytes and to attach to L cells concomitant with hydrolysis of sialic acid. These viral adsorptive functions were also destroyed by tryspsinization. Sialyl transferase resialylation in vitro of neuraminidase-treated VS virions restored their hamagglutinating and adsorptive functions almost to original levels. Erythrocyte and L cell receptors for attachment of VS virions were blocked by fully sialylated fetuin and by VS viral sialoglycopeptides. Smaller VS viral glycopeptides generated by extensive trypsinization were less effective inhibitors of hemagglutination than were larger glycopeptides; neuraminic acid and neuraminosyl lactose had no capacity to inhibit hamagglutination or adsorption of virus to L cells. These data suggest that cellular receptors for viral adsorption recognize sialoglycopeptides of a certain size. Neuraminidase desialylation did not significantly alter the isoelectric point of VS virions. Cells exposed to DEAE-dextran, trypsin, or neuraminidase showed significantly increased capacity to attach fully sialylated but not desialylated VS virions. Neuraminidase desialylation of L cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells, and Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells resulted in enhanced susceptibility to plaque formation by VS virus.
Selective indirect oxidation of phenol to hydroquinone and catechol (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective indirect oxidation of phenol to hydroquinone and catecholS. H. Dai, C. Y. Lin, D. V. Rao, F. A. Stuber, P. S. Carleton, and Henri UlrichCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 10, 1722–1725Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00210a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00210a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1346Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Highly Ordered FePt $L1_{0}$ Thin Films With Small Grains on RuAl Seed Layers (2011)

We present an experimental approach for obtaining highly ordered L1 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> FePt-oxide thin film media with small grains by using a RuAl layer as a grain size defining underlayer. In most previous studies, the FePt grain size was controlled by tuning the oxide volume fraction of the film. By introducing the RuAl grain size defining layer, 6 nm of FePt grains can be obtained at 520°C with 9% SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in the film. A 5 nm thin barrier layer was introduced between FePt and RuAl to prevent the inter-diffusion between RuAl and FePt. The influence of different barrier layers was studied. With a thin Ag sacrificial layer inserted between the barrier layer and the FePt magnetic layer, a smaller grain size can be achieved, the ordering temperature was lowered, and the (001) texture of FePt was enhanced.
Effects of cannabinoids on macromolecular synthesis and replication of cultured lymphocytes. (1977)

The lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) as measured by [13H]thymidine incorporation is equally inhibited by 10(-5) to 10(-4) M concentrations of delta8, and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), their 11-hydroxymetabolites, cannabidiol, cannabinol, cannabichromene, cannabicyclol. A similar inhibiting effect is produced by olivetol, which has the structure of the C ring common to all of these cannabinoids and their metabolites that accumulate in tissues. THC inhibits intracellular and intramolecular incorporation of thymidine, uridine, and leucine. This inhibition can be observed within 15 min after addition of THC to the culture medium. The cytotoxicity of THC is a function of the concentration of serum in the culture medium. The higher the concentration of serum, the more the cells are protected against the toxicity of THC. The cytotoxicity of THC is reversible by washing, after the cells have been incubated for 24 hr with the drug. Lymphocytes incubated with THC or olivetol present a significantly larger number of hypodiploid cells and a significant increase in segregational errors of chromosomes. The inhibitory effect of THC on macromolecular synthesis might be mediated by an alteration of the plasma membrane by the drug.
Electrochemical Rectification at a Monolayer-Modified Electrode (1996)

An electrochemical current rectifier based on a ferrocene-monolayer-modified electrode in contact with an electrolyte solution containing sodium hexacyanoferrate(II) (sodium ferrocyanide) was constructed and evaluated. Rectification was accomplished via mediated ferrocyanide oxidation by electrogenerated ferricenium in monolayers of (10-mercapto-N-decyl)ferrocenecarboxamide with dodecanethiol and (7-mercapto-N-heptyl)ferrocenecarboxamide with nonanethiol on gold electrodes. The reverse reaction of ferricyanide reduction by immobilized ferrocene is thermodynamically disfavored, thereby providing the basis for rectification. A model proposed to describe the rectification process is reminiscent of earlier treatments of electron-transfer mediation at electrodes modified with redox polymers, with the important difference that, in the present system, long-range electron transfer across the monolayer replaces electron hopping through the polymer layer as a possible rate-limiting step. Steady-state current−voltage curves corresponding to mediated ferrocyanide oxidation were recorded and analyzed using the proposed model to give values for k0, the standard rate constant for electrochemical oxidation/reduction of immobilized ferrocene groups, and kcross, the rate constant for reaction of ferricenium ions in the monolayer with ferrocyanide ions in solution. Mean k0 values of 2700 ± 1000 s-1 for the (10-mercapto-N-decyl)ferrocenecarboxamide/dodecanethiol system and 90 000 ± 60 000 s-1 for the (7-mercapto-N-heptyl)ferrocenecarboxamide/nonanethiol system obtained by analysis of steady-state current−voltage data are to be compared with values of 1400 and 51 000 s-1 for the same systems obtained by the fast-scan cyclic voltammetry method. The kcross value of 1.1 × 108 M-1 s-1 obtained from analysis of steady-state current−voltage data for the (10-mercapto-N-decyl)ferrocenecarboxamide/dodecanethiol system is in good agreement with a value calculated using the Marcus expression with literature values for the electron self-exchange rate constants for ferrocene/ferricenium and ferrocyanide/ferricyanide, indicating that the reactivity of ferricenium ions in the monolayer is similar to that expected for ferricenium in free solution.
Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C Is Related to Lymphogenous Metastasis in Early Gastric Carcinoma (2001)

Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is considered to be potentially lymphangiogenic and can selectively induce hyperplasia of the lymphatic vasculature. In this study, we clarified the clinicopathological features of early gastric carcinoma (EGC) that has metastasized to the lymph nodes, as well as the correlation between lymphogenous metastases in EGC and the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF. We selected 35 cases of lymph node metastasis-positive [n(+)] EGC and 70 cases of lymph node metastasis-negative [n(–)] EGC for the present study. The expression of VEGF and VEGF-C was investigated with immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and VEGF-C. Clinicopathologically, there were significant differences in median size (4.1 ± 2.4 vs. 2.4 ± 1.7 cm), lymphatic invasion (54 vs. 4%) and venous invasion (23 vs. 3%) between n(+) EGC and n(–) EGC. Immunohistochemically, the incidence of positive expression of VEGF-C in lymphatic invasion-positive EGC (36%) was significantly higher than that in lymphatic invasion-negative EGC (14%). The incidence of positive expression of VEGF-C in n(+) or venous invasion-positive EGC tended to be higher than that in n(–) or venous invasion-negative EGC. In conclusion, lymphatic invasion was significantly increased in VEGF-C-positive EGC.
Generation of Germline-Competent Rat Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2011)

Our data clearly demonstrate that using only three reprogramming factors (Oct3/4, Klf4, and Sox2) rat somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a ground state. Our generated riPSCs exhibited germline transmission in either rat-rat intraspecific or mouse-rat interspecific chimeras.