gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor (ECF) Receptor Antibodies and an Anti-EGF Receptor Recombinant-Ricin A Chain Immunoconjugate on Growth of Human Cells (1988)

The effects of antiepidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 528 and 225 and a 528-ricin A conjugate on the growth of normal and malignant human cells were tested in vitro. Malignant human cell lines with EGF receptor numbers ranging from 0 to 4 X 10(5) receptors/cell, human fetal fibroblasts, and normal marrow granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-gm) showed no effect when grown with 10(-12) M to 10(-7) M MAb 225 or 528. MAbs 225 and 528 and EGF also had no effect on the ability of marrow stromal cells to maintain CFU-gm viability in long-term marrow cultures. Reversible growth inhibition of A431 epidermoid and MDA-468 breast carcinoma cells with 2 and 3 X 10(6) EGF receptors/cell, respectively, was observed with both antibodies and with 10(-8) M EGF. In contrast, an immunoconjugate prepared with MAb 528 and recombinant ricin A chain (528-rRA) showed dose-dependent killing over a concentration range of 10(-12) M to 10(-8) M against cells with greater than or equal to 1.2 X 10(5) EGF receptors/cell [concentration that causes 50% inhibition of growth (IC50) values, approximately 10(-12) M to 10(-10) M]. Human fetal fibroblasts (5.6 X 10(4) EGF receptors/cell), melanoma cells without detectable EGF receptors, and human CFU-gm showed IC50 values of greater than 10(-8) M. Killing of KB epidermoid carcinoma cells and 547 ovarian carcinoma cells with 4 and 1.2 X 10(5) EGF receptors/cell by 10(-10) or 10(-11) M 528-rRA was time dependent, but cytotoxicity to 547 cells was not complete even with 48 hours of immunotoxin treatment. Cytotoxicity of 528-rRA was not enhanced by chloroquine or verapamil. In vitro, anti-EGF receptor MAbs cause reversible antiproliferative effects only against malignant cell lines with amplified EGF receptor expression. In contrast, 528-rRA shows potent, specific toxicity to cells with greater than 50,000 EGF receptors/cell. However, kinetics of cell killing with 528-rRA are protracted, suggesting that prolonged exposure may be required for in vivo antitumor effects.
Metabolic engineering of for the synthesis of the wine-related antioxidant resveratrol (2003)

The stilbene resveratrol is a stress metabolite produced by Vitis vinifera grapevines during fungal infection, wounding or UV radiation. Resveratrol is synthesised particularly in the skins of grape berries and only trace amounts are present in the fruit flesh. Red wine contains a much higher resveratrol concentration than white wine, due to skin contact during fermentation. Apart from its antifungal characteristics, resveratrol has also been shown to have cancer chemopreventive activity and to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. It acts as an antioxidant and anti-mutagen and has the ability to induce specific enzymes that metabolise carcinogenic substances. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of developing wine yeasts with the ability to produce resveratrol during fermentation in both red and white wines, thereby increasing the wholesomeness of the product. To achieve this goal, the phenylpropanoid pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae would have to be introduced to produce p-coumaroyl-CoA, one of the substrates required for resveratrol synthesis. The other substrate for resveratrol synthase, malonyl-CoA, is already found in yeast and is involved in de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis. We hypothesised that production of p-coumaroyl-CoA and resveratrol can be achieved by co-expressing the coenzyme-A ligase-encoding gene (4CL216) from a hybrid poplar and the grapevine resveratrol synthase gene (vst1) in laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae. This yeast has the ability to metabolise p-coumaric acid, a substance already present in grape must. This compound was therefore added to the synthetic media used for the growth of laboratory cultures. Transformants expressing both the 4CL216 and vst1 genes were obtained and tested for production of resveratrol. Following beta-glucosidase treatment of organic extracts for removal of glucose moieties that are typically bound to resveratrol, the results showed that the yeast transformants had produced the resveratrol beta-glucoside, piceid. This is the first report of the reconstruction of a biochemical pathway in a heterologous host to produce resveratrol.
PEGylated Micelle Nanoparticles Encapsulating a Non‐Fluorescent Near‐Infrared Organic Dye as a Safe and Highly‐Effective Photothermal Agent for In Vivo Cancer Therapy (2013)

Abstract Photothermal therapy (PTT), as a minimally invasive and highly effective cancer treatment approach, has received widespread attention in recent years. Tremendous effort has been devoted to explore various types of photothermal agents with high near‐infrared (NIR) absorbance for PTT cancer treatment. Despite many exciting progresses in the area, effective yet safe photothermal agents with good biocompatibility and biodegradability are still highly desired. In this work, a new organic PTT agent based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated micelle nanoparticles encapsulating a heptamethine indocyanine dye IR825 is developed, showing a strong NIR absorption band and a rather low quantum yield, for in vivo photothermal treatment of cancer. It is found that the IR825–PEG nanoparticles show ultra‐high in vivo tumor uptake after intravenous injection, and appear to be an excellent PTT agent for tumor ablation under a low‐power laser irradiation, without rendering any appreciable toxicity to the treated animals. Compared with inorganic nanomaterials and conjugated polymers being explored in PTT, the NIR‐absorbing micelle nanoparticles presented here may have the least safety concern while showing excellent treatment efficacy, and thus may be a new photothermal agent potentially useful in clinical applications.
α-l-ribo-Configured Locked Nucleic Acid (α-L-LNA):  Synthesis and Properties (2002)

The syntheses of monomeric nucleosides and 3'-O-phosphoramidite building blocks en route to alpha-L-ribo-configured locked nucleic acids (alpha-L-LNA), composed entirely of alpha-L-LNA monomers (alpha-L-ribo configuration) or of a mixture of alpha-L-LNA and DNA monomers (beta-D-ribo configuration), are described and the alpha-L-LNA oligomers are studied. Bicyclic 5-methylcytosin-1-yl and adenine-9-yl nucleoside derivatives have been prepared and the phosphoramidite approach has been used for the automated oligomerization leading to alpha-L-LNA oligomers. Binding studies revealed very efficient recognition of single-stranded DNA and RNA target oligonucleotide strands. Thus, stereoirregular alpha-L-LNA 11-mers containing a mixture of alpha-L-LNA monomers and DNA monomers ("mix-mer alpha-L-LNA") were shown to display DeltaT(m) values of +1 to +3 degrees C per modification toward DNA and +4 to +5 degrees C toward RNA when compared with the corresponding unmodified DNA x DNA and DNA x RNA reference duplexes. The corresponding DeltaT(m) values per modification for the stereoregular fully modified alpha-L-LNA were determined to be +4 degrees C (against DNA) and +5 degrees C (against RNA). 11-Mer alpha-L-LNAs (mix-mer alpha- L-LNA or fully modified alpha- L-LNA) were shown in vitro to be significantly stabilized toward 3'-exonucleolytic degradation. A duplex formed between RNA and either mix-mer alpha-L-LNA or fully modified alpha-L-LNA induced in vitro Escherichia coli RNase H-mediated cleavage, albeit very slow, of the RNA targets at high enzyme concentrations.
Kallikrein 6 is a novel molecular trigger of reactive astrogliosis (2012)

Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) is a trypsin-like serine protease upregulated at sites of central nervous system (CNS) injury, including de novo expression by reactive astrocytes, yet its physiological actions are largely undefined. Taken with recent evidence that KLK6 activates G-protein-coupled protease-activated receptors (PARs), we hypothesized that injury-induced elevations in KLK6 contribute to the development of astrogliosis and that this occurs in a PAR-dependent fashion. Using primary murine astrocytes and the Neu7 astrocyte cell line, we show that KLK6 causes astrocytes to transform from an epitheliod to a stellate morphology and to secrete interleukin 6 (IL-6). By contrast, KLK6 reduced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The stellation-promoting activities of KLK6 were shown to be dependent on activation of the thrombin receptor, PAR1, as a PAR1-specific inhibitor, SCH79797, blocked KLK6-induced morphological changes. The ability of KLK6 to promote astrocyte stellation was also shown to be linked to activation of protein kinase C (PKC). These studies indicate that KLK6 is positioned to serve as a molecular trigger of select physiological processes involved in the development of astrogliosis and that this is likely to occur at least in part by activation of the G-protein-coupled receptor, PAR1.
Mepolizumab for Prednisone-Dependent Asthma with Sputum Eosinophilia (2009)

Mepolizumab reduced the number of blood and sputum eosinophils and allowed prednisone sparing in patients who had asthma with sputum eosinophilia despite prednisone treatment. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00292877.)
Induced human pluripotent stem cells: promises and open questions (2009)

Adult cells have been reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells by introducing pluripotency-associated transcription factors. Here, we discuss recent advances and challenges of in vitro reprogramming and future prospects of iPS cells for their use in diagnosis and cell therapy. The generation of patient-specific iPS cells for clinical application requires alternative strategies, because genome-integrating viral vectors may cause insertional mutagenesis. Moreover, when suitable iPS cell lines will be available, efficient and selective differentiation protocols are needed to generate transplantable grafts. Finally, we point to the requirement of a regulatory framework necessary for the commercial use of iPS cells.
Adherence and penetration of vascular endothelium by Candida yeasts (1983)

Metastatic infection after hematogenous dissemination of Candida species is presumably dependent on the fungus traversing the vascular endothelium. An in vitro model of the earliest events of metastatic Candida infection was developed with whole vascular strips. Freshly obtained porcine blood vessels were secured in a perforated Lucite template that allowed the application of yeasts directly to the endothelial surface. Multiple wells allowed experimental and control observations on the same vascular segments. Adherence to endothelium was greatest with Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, less with Candida Krusei, and least with Candida parapsilosis, Candida pseudotropicalis, and Torulopsis glabrata. This hierarchy of adherence parallels that in other in vitro systems employing mucosal epithelial cells or fibrin-platelet matrixes and reflects the known virulence of the respective species and their potential for hematogenous dissemination. C. albicans and C. tropicalis yeasts that adhered were capable of directly traversing the endothelial surface before the production of germ tubes. Heat or Formalin-killed yeasts and viridans group streptococci, although adherent, were incapable of vascular penetration, a process presumably attributable to enzymatic digestion of host tissue. Loss of integrity of penetrated endothelial tissue was verified by loss of dye exclusion, lactic dehydrogenase release, and ultramicroscopic changes. These two steps, adherence and penetration, provide direct insight into the earliest events in hematogenous Candida species dissemination and suggest that C. albicans and C. tropicalis yeasts are capable of initiating tissue invasion before germ tubes have had the opportunity to form and participate in the invasive process.
Multiple tissue‐specific isoforms of sulfatide activate CD1d‐restricted type II NKT cells (2009)

The glycosphingolipid sulfatide (SO(3)-3Galbeta1Cer) is a demonstrated ligand for a subset of CD1d-restricted NKT cells, which could regulate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a murine model for multiple sclerosis, as well as tumor immunity and experimental hepatitis. Native sulfatide is a mixture of sulfatide isoforms, i.e. sulfatide molecules with different long-chain bases and fatty acid chain lengths and saturation. Here, we demonstrate that sulfatide-specific CD1d-restricted murine NKT hybridomas recognized several different sulfatide isoforms. These included the physiologically relevant isoforms C24:1 and C24:0, major constituents of the myelin sheet of the nervous system, and C16:0, prominent in the pancreatic islet beta-cells. The most potent sulfatide isoform was lysosulfatide (lacking a fatty acid). Shortened fatty acid chain length (C24:1 versus C18:1), or saturation of the long fatty acid (C24:0), resulted in reduced stimulatory capacity, and fatty acid hydroxylation abolished the response. Moreover, sulfatide was not responsible for the natural autoreactivity toward splenocytes by XV19 T hybridoma cells. Our results reveal a promiscuity in the recognition of sulfatide isoforms by a CD1d-restricted NKT-cell clone, and suggest that sulfatide, a major component of the myelin sheet and pancreatic beta-cells, is one of several natural ligands for type II CD1d-restricted NKT cells.
The chemokine system – a major regulator of angiogenesis in health and disease (2004)

The chemokine system controls leukocyte trafficking during homeostasis as well as during inflammation and is necessary for the linkage between innate and adaptive immunity. Tissue regulation outside the hematopoietic compartment, for instance, angiogenesis, organogenesis and tumor development, growth and metastasis, is another important function of the chemokine system. The chemokine-mediated regulation of angiogenesis is highly sophisticated and fine tuned, and involves pro-angiogenic chemokines, for instance, CXCL8/IL8 interacting with the CXCR2 receptor, and anti-angiogenic (i.e. angiostatic) chemokines, for instance, CXCL10/IP10 interacting with the CXCR3 receptor. Chemokines also regulate angiogenesis in a receptor-independent manner by means of a perturbation of bFGF and VEGF function. The current review focuses on the influence of the chemokine system in angiogenesis. Examples of the delicate angiogenesis regulation by the chemokine system in, for instance, wound healing and of the dysregulation in, for instance, tumor development are provided along with the interesting phenomenon of molecular piracy of host-encoded genes within the chemokine system. This phenomenon is a general strategy to circumvent and exploit the immune system -- and thereby improve survival -- for many viruses. Yet, a certain group of herpesviruses -- the gamma2-herpesviruses -- encode a functional CXCR2 receptor homolog that is activated by angiogenic chemokines and antagonized by angiostatic chemokines, and this particular gene seems to cause the development of a vascular tumor -- Kaposi's sarcoma -- in the host.
Developing strongly luminescent platinum(iv) complexes: facile synthesis of bis-cyclometalated neutral emitters (2015)

A straightforward, one-pot procedure has been developed for the synthesis of bis-cyclometalated chloro(methyl)platinum(IV) complexes with a wide variety of heteroaromatic ligands of the 2-arylpyridine type. The new compounds exhibit phosphorescent emissions in the blue to orange colour range and represent the most efficient Pt(IV) emitters reported to date, with quantum yields up to 0.81 in fluid solutions at room temperature.
Allele-specific peptide ligand motifs of HLA-C molecules. (1993)

The consensus motifs of HLA-Cw3, -Cw4, -Cw6, and -Cw7 ligands were determined by pool sequencing. Together with information obtained by sequencing of some prominent individual peptides, the results indicate the following: (i) all four HLA-C molecules are associated with peptides. (ii) These peptides adhere to allele-specific motifs that are similar to those of to HLA-A or -B molecules; they have a preferred length of nine amino acids and an anchor residue at the C terminus. (iii) All four HLA-C molecules analyzed exhibit related peptide motifs, although each allelic product shows individual characteristics in fine specificity. (iv) Processing and origin of peptides appear not to be different from that of other class I molecules. (v) No obvious difference at C-terminal position 9 was present in the peptides isolated from the two dimorphic variants of HLA-C that determine dominant resistance to natural killer NK1-specific cells (HLA-Cw4, -Cw6) or to NK2-specific cells (HLA-Cw3, -Cw7) and that differ in two residues in or near the pocket at position 9.
Adenovirus-dependent changes in cell membrane permeability: role of Na+, K+-ATPase (1987)

Adenovirus-dependent release of choline phosphate from KB cells at pH 6.0 was partially blocked by ouabain. In K+-containing medium, maximum inhibition of release was obtained by 10(-5) M ouabain and half-maximal inhibition was achieved by about 0.5 X 10(-6)M ouabain. Ouabain did not block either the binding or the uptake of adenovirus by KB cells. Without K+, about 25% of cell-associated choline phosphate was released by adenovirus, whereas with 1 mM K+ about 50% was released. This activation by K+ was blocked by 0.1 mM ouabain. HeLa cells behaved like KB cells, but a mutant of HeLa cells resistant to ouabain (D98-OR) released much lower amounts of choline phosphate in response to human adenovirus type 2 (Ad2). Wild-type D98-OR cells bound nearly the same amount of adenovirus as did normal HeLa cells. Ad2 also increased the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase in KB cells, with maximum activation at 50 micrograms of Ad2 per ml. In D98-OR cells, Ad2 failed to activate Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Ad2-dependent lysis of endocytic vesicles (receptosomes) was assayed by measuring Ad2-dependent enhancement of epidermal growth factor-Pseudomonas exotoxin toxicity. This action of adenovirus was increased when K+ was present in the medium. Under the conditions used, K+ had no effect on the amount of Ad2 or epidermal growth factor taken up by the cells. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that Ad2-dependent cellular efflux of choline phosphate and adenovirus-dependent lysis of receptosomes may require Na+,K+-ATPase activity.
Demonstration of Nonpolar m-Plane InGaN/GaN Light-Emitting Diodes on Free-Standing m-Plane GaN Substrates (2005)

We report the fabrication of nonpolar m -plane InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on free-standing m -plane GaN substrates. On-wafer continuous wave output power of 240 µW was measured at 20 mA for a 300×300 µm 2 device, and output power as high as 2.95 mW was measured at 300 mA. There was no sign of saturation of the output power at high drive currents. An emission peak at 450 nm was obtained on electroluminescence measurements with high drive currents. The current-voltage characteristics of these LEDs showed rectifying behavior with a turn-on voltage of 3–4 V.
Quantum Chemical Studies of Intermediates and Reaction Pathways in Selected Enzymes and Catalytic Synthetic Systems (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantum Chemical Studies of Intermediates and Reaction Pathways in Selected Enzymes and Catalytic Synthetic SystemsLouis Noodleman, Timothy Lovell, Wen-Ge Han, Jian Li, and Fahmi HimoView Author Information Department of Molecular Biology TPC-15, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, P.O. Box 776, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, ALBANOVA, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 2, 459–508Publication Date (Web):January 27, 2004Publication History Received11 August 2003Published online27 January 2004Published inissue 1 February 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020625ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020625aresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2766Altmetric-Citations341LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cluster chemistry,Ligands,Peptides and proteins,Reaction mechanisms,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. and Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus sp. nov., isolated from the traditional Korean fermented seafood jeotgal (2003)

Two Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, halotolerant and moderately halophilic cocci (strains YKJ-101T and YKJ-115T) were isolated from the traditional Korean fermented seafood jeotgal, and were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences showed that strains YKJ-101T and YKJ-115T are most closely related to the cluster comprising two Salinicoccus species. The peptidoglycan type of the strains is A3alpha, based on L-Lys-Gly(3-4)-L-Ala(Gly), and the predominant menaquinone is MK-7. Strains YKJ-101T and YKJ-115T have cellular fatty acid profiles containing major amounts of saturated, unsaturated and branched fatty acids; the major fatty acids are anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The cellular polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified phospholipids. Strains YKJ-101T and YKJ-115T have identical DNA G + C contents of 42 mol%. The 16S rDNA similarity between strains YKJ-101T and YKJ-115T is 98% and the mean level of DNA-DNA relatedness between the two strains is 13.4%. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data and genomic distinctiveness, it is proposed that strains YKJ-101T and YKJ-115T should be placed in a new genus, Jeotgalicoccus gen. nov., as two distinct new species, for which the names Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans sp. nov. and Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are YKJ-101T (=KCCM 41448T =JCM 11198T) and YKJ-115T (=KCCM 41449T =JCM 11199T), respectively.