gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trafficking and Proteolytic Processing of APP (2012)

Accumulations of insoluble deposits of amyloid β-peptide are major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease. Amyloid β-peptide is derived by sequential proteolytic processing from a large type I trans-membrane protein, the β-amyloid precursor protein. The proteolytic enzymes involved in its processing are named secretases. β- and γ-secretase liberate by sequential cleavage the neurotoxic amyloid β-peptide, whereas α-secretase prevents its generation by cleaving within the middle of the amyloid domain. In this chapter we describe the cell biological and biochemical characteristics of the three secretase activities involved in the proteolytic processing of the precursor protein. In addition we outline how the precursor protein maturates and traffics through the secretory pathway to reach the subcellular locations where the individual secretases are preferentially active. Furthermore, we illuminate how neuronal activity and mutations which cause familial Alzheimer disease affect amyloid β-peptide generation and therefore disease onset and progression.
On the Fluorescence of NAD(P)H in Whole‐Cell Preparations of Tumours and Normal Tissues (1970)

1 The ‘blue-shift’ of the fluorescence maximum of NAD(P)H bound to many proteins offers a means of studying coenzyme binding in whole cells. In earlier work there was a discrepancy between the fluorescence maximum seen in whole tissues (liver, kidney, heart-maximum at 460–470 nm, characteristic of NAD(P)H in solution) and in mitochondria isolated from them (maximum at 440 nm). 2 Study of the fluorescence-emission spectra and absolute absorption spectra of some types of isolated cell suspensions and tissue slices, now suggests that a blue shift of NAD(P)H fluorescence in cells may be disguised by an inner-absorption effect, since there is a marked change of absorbance from 410 to 460 nm. 3 The change of absorbance between 410 and 460 nm, and hence the distorting effect of inner absorption, varies considerably in different cell types. 4 The influence of inner-absorption on the fluoresence also varies with the concentration of cell suspensions, or thickness of slices; working at low cell concentrations, or extrapolation to zero thickness of slices, allows estimation of the wavelength of maximal NAD(P)H fluorescence, undistorted by inner-absorption. 5 Undistorted fluorescence maxima were thus estimated to be at approximately 440 nm for suspensions of bakers' yeast and rat-liver cells, and for liver slices. Maxima close to 460 nm were given by Ehrlich tumor cells and slices of hepatoma 3924 A. Fluorescence of NAD(P)H in cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments can be distinguished with appropriate substrates and inhibitors. In a given cell type, the fluorescence maximum in the two compartments was indistinguishable. 6 The difference between the fluorescence maxima of NAD(P)H in liver and hepatoma 3924 A is considered in the light of the known differences of dehydrogenase enzyme activity in the two tissues.
A CMOS mixed-signal 100 Mb/s receive architecture for fast Ethernet (2003)

A 125 Mbaud quad transceiver for 10/100 fast Ethernet has been designed in a 5 V 0.35 /spl mu/m digital CMOS process. Power consumption for the device is 3 W. Detailed testing show excellent receiver results with error free performance up to 160 m under worst-case baseline wander and crosstalk conditions. The analog receiver uses digital adaptation circuitry to optimize an automatic gain control circuit with baseline wander correction, an equalizer and a DC offset correction circuit.
Effect of a nonavalent conjugate vaccine on carriage of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in day-care centers (2003)

The carriage rate of antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae, including multiply resistant S. pneumoniae, in DCC attendees is high. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines seem to be an important tool for reducing the carriage rate of antibiotic-resistant pneumonia in DCCs.
Sialic acid binding receptors (siglecs) expressed by macrophages (1999)

Sialic acids are structurally and topographically well-suited to function as ligands in cellular recognition events. Sialoadhesin (Sn) is a sialic acid binding receptor uniquely expressed by macrophage subsets. It is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily with 17 extracellular domains. Sn is a prototypical member of the siglec family of sialic acid binding proteins, which includes CD22, myelin-associated glycoprotein, CD33, and siglec-5. These membrane proteins are involved in discrete functions in the hemopoietic, immune, and nervous systems. The sialic acid binding region of siglecs is localized within the membrane-distal, amino-terminal domain and in the case of Sn, it has been characterized in atomic detail by X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and site-directed mutagenesis. Our studies on Sn indicate that this receptor is likely to function as a macrophage accessory molecule in a variety of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. CD33 and siglec-5 are also expressed on macrophage subsets as well as other myeloid cells. However, unlike Sn, the properties of these molecules indicate a predominant role in signaling functions rather than in cell-cell interactions.
Characterising the TP53-deleted subgroup of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: an analysis of additional cytogenetic abnormalities detected by interphase fluorescencein situhybridisation and array-based comparative genomic hybridisation (2008)

Deletion of the TP53 gene on chromosome 17p13.1 is the prognostic factor associated with the shortest survival in CLL. We used array-based comparative genomic hybridisation (arrayCGH) to identify additional DNA copy number changes in peripheral blood samples from 74 LRF CLL4 trial patients, 37 with >or=5% and 37 without TP53-deleted cells. ArrayCGH reliably detected deletions on 17p, including the TP53 locus, in cases with >or=50%TP53-deleted cells detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation, plus seven additional cases with deleted regions on 17p excluding TP53. Losses on chromosomal regions 18p and/or 20p were found exclusively in cases with >or=5%TP53-deleted cells (p<0.001), 38% having one or both losses. The incidence of additional cytogenetic abnormalities, reflecting an increased chromosomal instability, was higher in >or=5%TP53-deleted cases (p=0.02). In particular, amplification of 2p and deletion of 6q were both more frequent. Cases with >20%TP53-deleted cells had the worst prognosis in the LRF CLL4 trial.
A 12.5-Gb/s SiGe BiCMOS Optical Receiver with a Monolithically Integrated 850-nm Avalanche Photodetector (2012)

We demonstrate high-performance 850-nm SiGe BiCMOS Opto-Electronic Integrated Circuit (OEIC) receiver with Si avalanche photodetector. With the fabricated OEIC receiver, 12.5-Gb/s optical data are successfully detected with sensitivity of −7.5 dBm.
황체홀몬 작용 물질과 여아외음기형 (1963)

임신중 특히 조기부터 Gestagen이 장기간 투여되는 경우에는 빈도는 높지 않으나 이와 관련이 있다고 추측되는 여성위반음양이 만출되는 수가 있다. 모체에 투여된 gestagen의 종류로서는 ethristerone, 19-norsteroid가 단연 많고 투여기간이 길수록 그 발생빈도가 높다. 그러므로 임부에 gestagen을 투여할 경우에는 잠재적인 남성화작용에 유의하여 투여량과 투여기간이 과다되지 않도록 주의할 것이며 특히 19-norsteroid를 사용할 경우에는 총량을 500mg이하로 한정함이 현명할 것이다. 만일 이러한 외음기형이 발생하였다 하더라도 간단한 수술로서 정형되며 생식기능에도 장해가 없으므로 gestagen사용에 있어서 공포을 가질 필요는 없다고 생각된다.
Dendrimer-Mediated Cell Transfection In Vitro (2004)

In recent years, Starburst® PAMAM dendrimers, a class of polyamidoamine polymers, have become an interesting alternative vector for nonviral delivery of DNA in vitro and in vivo (-). These nanoscopic polymers, characterized by regular dendritic branching, radial symmetry, and uniform size ranging from 4–11 nm, have excellent water solubility and biocompatibility in a broad range of concentrations. Nonmodified dendrimers have a high density of positively charged primary amino groups on the surface, which is essential for their interaction with counter-charged nucleic acids. Positively charged dendrimers bind DNA through electrostatic interactions with negatively charged phosphates on the DNA molecule (). The consistent and predictable formation of dendrimer-DNA complexes allows for the design of efficient DNA transfections into variety of eukaryotic cell lines and primary cells in vitro (,,,,). The positively charged dendrimer-DNA complexes facilitate transfer of DNA into a cell primarily through endocytosis. DNA in a complexed form is protected from nuclease activity while the majority of the DNA template remains transcriptionaly active (). The well-designed dendrimer-based transfection is characterized by the lack or minimal cytotoxicity, high transfection efficiency, and stability of complexed plasmid DNA and oligonucleotides (,). PAMAM dendrimers can be used for gene delivery in vivo and ex vivo (,-).
Homotypic Adhesion through Carcinoembryonic Antigen Plays a Role in Hepatic Metastasis Development (1998)

We established a cell line with high metastatic potential to the liver (LS-LM4) after four successive repetitions of splenic injection of liver-metastatic cells in SCID mice. This cell line strongly expressed CEA and showed increased homotypic adhesion as compared with the parent cell line (LS174T). To examine the role of CEA in the increased homotypic adhesion, LS-LM4 cells were treated with anti-CEA antibody and subjected to an in vitro adhesion and aggregation assay. Further, to study the role of CEA in the hepatic metastasis of cells with high metastatic potential, LS-LM4 cells were treated with anti-CEA antibody, and the inhibition of hepatic metastasis after splenic injection in vivo was examined. There was a 62% decrease in the homotypic adhesion of anti-CEA antibody-treated (100 microg/ml) LS-LM4 cells under a Ca2+-free condition as compared with the control (P<0.01). Anti-CEA antibody (100 microg/ml) inhibited cell aggregation under a Ca2+-free condition (P<0.05). Treatment with anti-E-cadherin antibody (60 microg/ml) plus anti-CEA antibody (100 microg/ml) inhibited cell aggregation more potently than anti-E-cadherin antibody treatment alone in the presence of Ca2+. In vivo, there was a 75% decrease in the number of hepatic metastatic nodules in the G125 anti-CEA antibody-treated group as compared with the control group (P<0.01). Similarly, there was a 40% decrease in the diameter of metastatic nodules and there was a 90% decrease in total tumor volume of hepatic metastasis in the G125 anti-CEA antibody-treated group as compared with the control (P<0.01). These results suggest that increased metastatic potential to the liver is at least partly due to increased homotypic binding mediated by CEA.
Dispersive properties of finite, one-dimensional photonic band gap structures: Applications to nonlinear quadratic interactions (1999)

We discuss the linear dispersive properties of finite one-dimensional photonic band-gap structures. We introduce the concept of a complex effective index for structures of finite length, derived from a generalized dispersion equation that identically satisfies the Kramers-Kronig relations. We then address the conditions necessary for optimal, phase-matched, resonant second harmonic generation. The combination of enhanced density of modes, field localization, and exact phase matching near the band edge conspire to yield conversion efficiencies orders of magnitude higher than quasi-phase-matched structures of similar lengths. We also discuss an unusual and interesting effect: counterpropagating waves can simultaneously travel with different phase velocities, pointing to the existence of two dispersion relations for structures of finite length.
Integrated image and speech analysis for content-based video indexing (2002)

We study an important problem in multimedia database, namely the automatic extraction of indexing information from raw data based on video contents. The goal of our research project is to develop a prototype system for automatic indexing of sports videos. The novelty of our work is that we propose to integrate speech understanding and image analysis algorithms for extracting information. The main thrust of this work comes from the observation that in news or sports video indexing, usually speech analysis is more efficient in detecting events than image analysis. Therefore, in our system, the audio processing modules are first applied to locate candidates in the whole data. This information is passed to the video processing modules, which further analyze the video. The final products of video analysis are in the form of pointers to the locations of interesting events in a video. Our algorithms have been tested extensively with real TV programs, and results are presented and discussed.
Distinct Developmental Signatures of Human Abdominal and Gluteal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Depots (2012)

We conclude that developmentally programmed differences may contribute to the distinct phenotypic characteristics of peripheral fat.
Investigating the Dendritic Growth during Full Cell Cycling of Garnet Electrolyte in Direct Contact with Li Metal (2017)

All-solid-state batteries including a garnet ceramic as electrolyte are potential candidates to replace the currently used Li-ion technology, as they offer safer operation and higher energy storage performances. However, the development of ceramic electrolyte batteries faces several challenges at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, which need to withstand high current densities to enable competing C-rates. In this work, we investigate the limits of the anode/electrolyte interface in a full cell that includes a Li-metal anode, LiFePO<sub>4</sub> cathode, and garnet ceramic electrolyte. The addition of a liquid interfacial layer between the cathode and the ceramic electrolyte is found to be a prerequisite to achieve low interfacial resistance and to enable full use of the active material contained in the porous electrode. Reproducible and constant discharge capacities are extracted from the cathode active material during the first 20 cycles, revealing high efficiency of the garnet as electrolyte and the interfaces, but prolonged cycling leads to abrupt cell failure. By using a combination of structural and chemical characterization techniques, such as SEM and solid-state NMR, as well as electrochemical and impedance spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that a sudden impedance drop occurs in the cell due to the formation of metallic Li and its propagation within the ceramic electrolyte. This degradation process is originated at the interface between the Li-metal anode and the ceramic electrolyte layer and leads to electromechanical failure and cell short-circuit. Improvement of the performances is observed when cycling the full cell at 55 °C, as the Li-metal softening favors the interfacial contact. Various degradation mechanisms are proposed to explain this behavior.
Multiple mutations and cancer (2003)

Most human tumors are highly heterogenous. We have hypothesized that this heterogeneity results from a mutator phenotype. Our premise is that normal mutation rates are insufficient to account for the multiple mutations found in human cancers, and, instead, that cancers must exhibit a mutator phenotype early during their evolution. Here, we examine the current status and implications of the mutator phenotype hypothesis for the prognosis, treatment, and prevention of human cancers.
Production and performance of Cu-based anode-supported SOFC (2014)

Tubular SOFCs were produced by extrusion of the supporting anode composed by GDC10 and Cu oxides. A 10 Î¼m thin GDC10 electrolytic layer and the LSF20:GDC10 cathode were deposited by dip-coating and the complete cell was co-sintered in one step. Thanks to the optimization of the composition and the employment of Li2O as sintering aid, the densification of the electrolyte was accomplished more than 500Â°C below the sintering temperature of GDC10. The cell had a maximum OCV of 0.54 V and the highest measured power density was 8.98 mW cm-2 with a peak power density projected to be 27.5 mW cm-2.&#13;\n
Matrix-based comparative genomic hybridization: Biochips to screen for genomic imbalances (1997)

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to metaphase chromosomes has been widely used for the genome-wide screening of genomic imbalances in tumor cells. Substitution of the chromosome targets by a matrix consisting of an ordered set of defined nucleic acid target sequences would greatly enhance the resolution and simplify the analysis procedure, both of which are prerequisites for a broad application of CGH as a diagnostic tool. However, hybridization of whole genomic human DNA to immobilized single-copy DNA fragments with complexities below the megabase pair level has been hampered by the low probability of specific binding because of the high probe complexity. We developed a protocol that allows CGH to chips consisting of glass slides with immobilized target DNAs arrayed in small spots. High-copy-number amplifications contained in tumor cells were rapidly scored by use of target DNAs as small as a cosmid. Low-copy-number gains and losses were identified reliably by their ratios by use of chromosome-specific DNA libraries or genomic fragments as small as 75 kb cloned in PI or PAC vectors as targets, thus greatly improving the resolution achievable by chromosomal CGH. The ratios obtained for the same chromosomal imbalance by matrix CGH and by chromosomal CGH corresponded very well. The new matrix CGH protocol provides a basis for the development of automated diagnostic procedures with biochips designed to meet clinical needs.
Preventing diabetic foot ulcers. (1994)

Approximately 6% of the U.S. diabetic population (14 million) experiences lower extremity amputation due to diabetic foot ulcers. Investigators have demonstrated that the amputation rate can be reduced through specific preventive measures. However, these findings are not consistent across studies. Integration of research findings into the model of care for the chronically ill suggests that the inconsistency may be due to the lack of inclusion of key individual and environmental variables. In this critical review of the literature, a model of care for the chronically ill is provided to direct prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
Gender Differences in Treatment Response to Sertraline Versus Imipramine in Chronic Depression (2000)

Men and women with chronic depression show differential responsivity to and tolerability of SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants. The differing response rates between the drug classes in women was observed primarily in premenopausal women. Thus, female sex hormones may enhance response to SSRIs or inhibit response to tricyclics. Both gender and menopausal status should be considered when choosing an appropriate antidepressant for a depressed patient.
The Use of Phosphatidylcholine for Correction of Lower Lid Bulging Due to Prominent Fat Pads (2001)

BACKGROUND Patients with prominent periorbital fat pads often complain of having a persistent “tired” look and seek treatment from their dermatologist. OBJECTIVE A non-surgical treatment of fat pads. METHODS Thirty patients were treated for prominent lower eyelid fat pads with phosphatidylcholine injection. Pre- and posttreatment photographs were taken for long-term analysis. RESULTS A marked reduction of the lower eyelid fat pads was noted over the 2-year follow-up period. There were no recurrences. CONCLUSION The injection of phosphatidylcholine (250 mg/5 ml) into the fat pads is a simple office procedure that may postpone or even substitute for lower eyelid blepharoplasty.
The Clinical Use of Allografts, Demineralized Bone Matrices, Synthetic Bone Graft Substitutes and Osteoinductive Growth Factors: A Survey Study (2005)

The emergence of new bone grafting options and alternatives has led to significant uncertainty when determining the most appropriate product for surgical procedures requiring bone graft in orthopedics. Allografts, demineralized bone matrices, synthetic bone graft substitutes, and osteoinductive growth factors are all viable options, yet there is a lack of data reporting clinical usage of these products. This correspondence reports on the use of bone grafting products at the Hospital for Special Surgery for a 27-month period and makes recommendations based on surgical usage, safety, and cost. Approximately half (48.6%) of all bone graft substitutes were implanted during spinal surgery. Arthroplasty, trauma, and foot/hand cases all used considerable amounts of bone grafting products as well (20.1%, 19.0%, 12.1%, respectively). Considerable differences were noticed in usage of bone grafting products among each orthopedic discipline. Of all bone graft substitutes used in arthroplasty, 14.4% were demineralized bone matrices, whereas 56.8% were allografts. Demineralized bone matrix grafts were used in 82% of trauma surgery and 89% of foot/hand cases. An increase in synthetic bone graft alternatives was noticed near the end of our investigation period.
Anti-Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Antibodies (ASCA), Phenotypes of IBD, and Intestinal Permeability: A Study in IBD Families (2001)

ASCA is strongly associated with familial CD in Belgium, and 21% of healthy family members also display the marker. The association is much weaker in patients belonging to mixed families. ASCA is a stable marker and is not a secondary phenomenon due to increased intestinal permeability.
Human MDM2 Isoforms Translated Differentially on Constitutive versus p53-Regulated Transcripts Have Distinct Functions in the p53/MDM2 and TSG101/MDM2 Feedback Control Loops (2006)

Proteins encoded by the mdm2 gene, which has a pivotal role in the regulation of growth and differentiation, exist principally in human and murine cells as two isoforms that migrate in gels as 75-kDa and 90-kDa proteins. There is limited understanding of the respective biological roles of these isoforms, their molecular nature, and their mechanism of formation. We report here that human p75(MDM2) is an N-terminally truncated mixture of protein isoforms produced by the initiation of translation at two distinct internal AUG codons. The p75(MDM2) doublets and p90(MDM2), which is the full-length MDM2 protein, are expressed in approximately equal amounts from transcripts initiated at the constitutive P1 promoter of mdm2. Unlike murine transcripts initiated at the p53-activated P2 promoter, human cell transcripts initiated at the P2 promoter preferentially produce p90(MDM2). The ubiquitin enzyme variant protein TSG101, which interacts functionally with MDM2 in an autoregulatory loop that parallels the p53/MDM2 feedback control loop, interferes with degradation of both isoforms; however, only p90(MDM2) promotes proteolysis of TSG101 and p53. Our results reveal the mechanism of formation of the principal MDM2 isoforms, the differential effects of p53 on the production of these isoforms, and the differential abilities of human MDM2 isoforms as regulators of the MDM2/TSG101 and p53/MDM2 feedback control loops.