gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell context‐dependent activities of parthenolide in primary and metastatic melanoma cells (2010)

Inhibition of constitutive and therapeutically induced NF-kappaB pathway by parthenolide might be useful in the treatment of melanoma, although the diversity of changes induced in melanoma cells with different genetic backgrounds indicate context-dependent poly-pharmacological properties of this compound.
Gathering at the well (2001)

Grid applications have demanding I/O needs. Schedulers must bring jobs and data in close proximity in order to satisfy throughput, scalability, and policy requirements. Most systems accomplish this by making either jobs or data mobile. We propose a system that allows jobs and data to meet by binding execution and storage sites together into I/O communities which then participate in the wide-area system. The relationships between participants in a community may be expressed by the ClassAd framework. Extensions to the framework allow community members to express indirect relations. We demonstrate our implementation of I/O communities by improving the performance of a key high-energy physics simulation on an international distributed system.
Gelation Kinetics and Performance Evaluation of an Organically Crosslinked Gel at High Temperature and Pressure (2008)

Summary Organically crosslinked gels have been used to control water production in high temperature applications. These chemical systems are based on the crosslinking of a polyacrylamide-based polymer/copolymer with an organic crosslinker. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) has been used as an organic crosslinker for polyacrylamide-based copolymers to provide thermally stable gels. Literature reported that PEI can form aqueous gels with polyacrylamide (PAM) at room temperature. In this paper, we show for the first time the possibility of crosslinking polyacrylamide with PEI at temperatures up to 140°C (285°F) and pressures up to 30 bars (435 psi). This paper reports data both in bulk and in porous media. The gelation time of the PAM crosslinked with PEI at high temperatures up to 140°C (285°F) and pressures up to 435 psi (30 bars) was measured. The effects of polymer concentration, crosslinker concentration, temperature, salinity, initial pH value, and the initial degree of hydrolysis of the polymer on the gelation time were examined in detail. All measurements were conducted in the steady shear mode. 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (13C NMR) was used to relate the gelation time to changes in the structure of the polymer and hence explain the variation in the gelation time in terms of the gelling system chemistry. In bulk, thermally stable gels were obtained by crosslinking PAM with PEI at 130°C (266°F) for at least 8 weeks. The performance of the PAM/PEI system in sandstone cores at a temperature of 90°C (194°F) and pressure drops of 68.95 bars (1,000 psi) was examined. The system was found to be stable for 3 weeks, where the permeability was reduced by a factor of 100%.
Increased generation of granule cells in adult Bcl‐2‐overexpressing mice: a role for cell death during continued hippocampal neurogenesis (2005)

Programmed cell death is an important mechanism during brain development in order to control neuronal cell numbers and to correctly form neuronal circuitries. Programmed cell death is also present in neurogenic regions of the adult brain, and a significant portion of the adult-born cells is eliminated during the first months of maturation. We here address the question whether overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 would improve the survival of neural progenitor cells and, as a consequence, increase neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Transgenic animals, which express human Bcl-2 under the neuron-specific enolase promoter (NSE-huBcl-2), show a significant reduction of apoptotic cells in the hippocampal granule cell layer to about half of the wild-type level. These apoptotic cells are almost exclusively found in the zone of hippocampal progenitor activity and frequently co-label with the neuronal progenitor marker doublecortin (DCX). The rate of adult neurogenesis is doubled in the dentate gyrus of Bcl-2-overexpressing mice as demonstrated by quantification of progenitor cells using DCX and new neurons using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN) double-labelling. The effect of Bcl-2 is limited to the late phase of progenitor maturation, as proliferation and early-phase progenitor cells were not affected. The increased level of neurogenesis leads to a significantly higher total number of granule cells in the dentate gyrus. These results underline the importance of developmental cell death during neurogenesis in the adult brain.
Field strength prediction in indoor environments with neural networks (2002)

A new model for the field strength prediction for mobile communication networks inside buildings is presented. The model is based on artificial neural networks, trained with measurements. In contrast to other neural prediction models a good generalization is achieved, so the prediction results are also very accurate in buildings not used for the training of the neural network. Two algorithms for the selection of the training patterns for the neural networks are presented and compared to each other.
Constant-Envelope Multi-User Precoding for Frequency-Selective Massive MIMO Systems (2013)

We consider downlink precoding in a frequency-selective multi-user Massive MIMO system with highly efficient but non-linear power amplifiers at the base station (BS). A low-complexity precoding algorithm is proposed, which generates constant-envelope (CE) signals at each BS antenna. To achieve a desired per-user information rate, the extra total transmit power required under the per-antenna CE constraint when compared to the commonly used less stringent total average transmit power constraint, is small.
Progress in 3-D Multiperspective Display by Integral Imaging (2009)

Three-dimensional (3-D) imaging techniques have the potential to establish a future mass-market in the fields of entertainment and communications. Integral imaging (InI), which can capture and display true 3-D color images, has been seen as the right technology for 3-D viewing for audiences of more than one person. Due to the advanced degree of its development, InI technology could be ready for massive commercialization in the coming years. This development is the result of a strong research effort performed over the past few years. In this sense, this paper is devoted to reviewing some recent advances in InI, which have allowed improvement in the response of InI systems to the problems of the limited depth of field, poor axial and lateral resolution, pseudoscopic-to-orthoscopic conversion, production of 3-D images with continuous relief, or the limited range of viewing angles of InI monitors.
Characterization of the Functional Gene and Several Processed Pseudogenes in the Human Triosephosphate Isomerase Gene Family (1985)

The functional gene and three intronless pseudogenes for human triosephosphate isomerase were isolated from a recombinant DNA library and characterized in detail. The functional gene spans 3.5 kilobase pairs and is split into seven exons. Its promoter contains putative TATA and CCAAT boxes and is extremely rich in G and C residues (76%). The pseudogenes share a high degree of homology with the functional gene but contain mutations that preclude the synthesis of an active triosephosphate isomerase enzyme. Sequence divergence calculations indicate that these pseudogenes arose approximately 18 million years ago. We present evidence that there is a single functional gene in the human triosephosphate isomerase gene family.
Structural Requirements for Cellular Uptake and Antisense Activity of Peptide Nucleic Acids Conjugated with Various Peptides (2006)

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have shown great promise as potential antisense drugs; however, poor cellular delivery limits their applications. Improved delivery into mammalian cells and enhanced biological activity of PNAs have been achieved by coupling to cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Structural requirements for the shuttling ability of these peptides as well as structural properties of the conjugates such as the linker type and peptide position remained controversial, so far. In the present study an 18mer PNA targeted to the cryptic splice site of a mutated beta-globin intron 2, which had been inserted into a luciferase reporter gene coding sequence, was coupled to various peptides. As the peptide lead we used the cell-penetrating alpha-helical amphipathic peptide KLAL KLAL KAL KAAL KLA-NH2 [model amphipathic peptide (MAP)] which was varied with respect to charge and structure-forming properties. Furthermore, the linkage and the localization of the attached peptide (C- vs N-terminal) were modified. Positive charge as well as helicity and amphipathicity of the KLA peptide was all required for efficient dose-dependent correction of aberrant splicing. The highest antisense effect was reached within 4 h without any transfection agent. Stably linked conjugates were also efficient in correction of aberrant splicing, suggesting that a cleavable disulfide bond between CPP and PNA is clearly not essential. Moreover, the placement of the attached peptide turned out to be crucial for attaining antisense activity. Coadministration of endosome disrupting agents such as chloroquine or Ca2+ significantly increased the splicing correction efficiency of some conjugates, indicating the predominant portion to be sequestered in vesicular compartments.
Comparison of combined prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin plus ganciclovir versus cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin alone in high-risk heart transplant recipients1 (2004)

Double CMV prophylaxis consisting of CMV hyperimmune globulin and ganciclovir is able to abolish CMV death and prevent CMV disease in high-risk heart transplant recipients. Therefore, the use of a combination regimen is recommended for seronegative recipients with seropositive donors.
[Epidural spinal cord stimulation for interstitial cystitis]. (2004)

Results from this and previous reports allow us to state that retrograde epidural spinal cord stimulation seems to be a relatively non-invasive therapeutic approach for treating interstitial cystitis that is refractory to conventional treatments.
Entrainment of Randomly Coupled Oscillator Networks by a Pacemaker (2004)

Entrainment by a pacemaker, representing an element with a higher frequency, is numerically investigated for several classes of random networks which consist of identical phase oscillators. We find that the entrainment frequency window of a network decreases exponentially with its depth, defined as the mean forward distance of the elements from the pacemaker. Effectively, only shallow networks can thus exhibit frequency locking to the pacemaker. The exponential dependence is also derived analytically as an approximation for large random asymmetric networks.
The Cloning of a Family of Genes That Encode the Melanocortin Receptors (1992)

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) regulate pigmentation and adrenal cortical function, respectively. These peptides also have a variety of biological activities in other areas, including the brain, the pituitary, and the immune system. A complete understanding of the biological activities of these hormones requires the isolation and characterization of their corresponding receptors. The murine and human MSH receptors (MSH-Rs) and a human ACTH receptor (ACTH-R) were cloned. These receptors define a subfamily of receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that may include the cannabinoid receptor.
Copper electroless deposition technology for ultra-large-scale-integration (ULSI) metallization (1997)

In this paper we present the technology of electroless Cu deposition for ultra-large-scale integration. The technology has several components: the solution chemistry, the operation conditions, the seeding, the equipment and the process integration. Sodium-free solution was used and optimized to achieve a deposition rate in the range of 75–120 nm/min, resistivity ϱ less than 2 cm, with a uniformity better than 3% on 6″ wafers and 5% on 8″ wafers. The surface roughness of the films was in the range of 10–15 nm for a 1.5 μm thick layer. The highly uniform deposition is achieved by using a novel sacrificial aluminium protected copper seeding. This method protects the catalytic properties of the Cu, which is exposed to the solution after the aluminium dissolution. Another seeding method has been developed with Cu contact displacement deposition on a TiN layer using a solution that contains copper and fluorine ions. Several electroless Cu deposition processes have been developed in both blanket and selective deposition modes, using Al protected Cu seed and contact displacement seeding. The technology was capable of obtaining 0.3 μm electroless Cu-filled trenches and vias with an aspect ratio as high as 5:1. The process topography is modelled numerically for vias, trenches, and micro-tunnels with high aspect ratio (up to 400:1). The copper diffusivity was found to be in the range of 10−5 cm2/sec at 40°C and it was used in the 2-D modelling of copper deposition in via contacts and trenches.
Induction of Therapeutic T-Cell Responses to Subdominant Tumor-associated Viral Oncogene after Immunization with Replication-incompetent Polyepitope Adenovirus Vaccine (2004)

The EBV-encoded latent membrane proteins (LMP1 and LMP2), which are expressed in various EBV-associated malignancies have been proposed as a potential target for CTL-based therapy. However, the precursor frequency for LMP-specific CTL is generally low, and immunotherapy based on these antigens is often compromised by the poor immunogenicity and potential threat from their oncogenic potential. Here we have developed a replication- incompetent adenoviral vaccine that encodes multiple HLA class I-restricted CTL epitopes from LMP1 and LMP2 as a polyepitope. Immunization with this polyepitope vaccine consistently generated strong LMP-specific CTL responses in HLA A2/K(b) mice, which can be readily detected by both ex vivo and in vivo T-cell assays. Furthermore, a human CTL response to LMP antigens can be rapidly expanded after stimulation with this recombinant polyepitope vector. These expanded T cells displayed strong lysis of autologous target cells sensitized with LMP1 and/or LMP2 CTL epitopes. More importantly, this adenoviral vaccine was also successfully used to reverse the outgrowth of LMP1-expressing tumors in HLA A2/K(b) mice. These studies demonstrate that a replication-incompetent adenovirus polyepitope vaccine is an excellent tool for the induction of a protective CTL response directed toward multiple LMP CTL epitopes restricted through common HLA class I alleles prevalent in different ethnic groups where EBV-associated malignancies are endemic.
Binding Site for Chitin Oligosaccharides in the Soybean Plasma Membrane (2001)

Affinity cross-linking of the plasma membrane fraction to an (125)I-labeled chitin oligosaccharide led to the identification and characterization of an 85-kD, chitin binding protein in plasma membrane-enriched fractions from both suspension-cultured soybean cells and root tissue. Inhibition analysis indicated a binding preference for larger (i.e. degrees of polymerization = 8) N-acetylated chitin molecules with a 50% inhibition of initial activity value of approximately 50 nM. N-Acetyl-glucosamine and chitobiose showed no inhibitory effects at concentrations as high as 250 microM. It is noteworthy that the major lipo-chitin oligosaccharide Nod signal produced by Bradyrhizobium japonicum was also shown to be a competitive inhibitor of ligand binding. However, the binding site appeared to recognize the chitin portion of the Nod signal, and it is unlikely that this binding activity represents a specific Nod signal receptor. Chitooligosaccharide specificity for induction of medium alkalinization and the generation of reactive oxygen in suspension-cultured cells paralleled the binding activity. Taken together, the presence of the chitin binding protein in the plasma membrane fraction and the specificity and induction of a biological response upon ligand binding suggest a role for the protein as an initial response mechanism for chitin perception in soybean (Glycine max).
A 10 kframe/s 0.18 μm CMOS digital pixel sensor with pixel-level memory (2002)

A 352/spl times/288 pixel CMOS image sensor with pixel-level single-slope ADC and 8 b 3T DRAM cells achieves 9.4/spl times/9.4 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ pixel in standard 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS. Continuous 10 kframes/s (1 Gpixels/s) 8 b per pixel snapshot image acquisition is achieved with 0.1% rms temporal noise and 0.18% rms FPN.
Mechanism of SiN x  H  y Deposition from  NH 3 ‐ SiH4 Plasma (1990)

The plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition process for films has been in use for over two decades, but the chemistry of the process has yet to be explained. In the present work, the composition of a 13 MHz parallel plate glow discharge plasma was analyzed by line‐of‐sight sampling from the film deposition plane into a triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer, which can resolve compositional ambiguities at a given mass number by utilizing collision‐assisted secondary cracking. At low RF power, disilane was the main plasma product even when was 25/1, whereas at higher power (0.1 W/cm2 of cross section) disilane was eliminated and tetra‐aminosilane, , and the triaminosilane radical, , became dominant. The concentration of these aminosilanes closely tracked deposition rate, and they are believed to be the principal film precursors. Films deposited with maximized and disilane suppressed in the plasma were excess in N and contained no Si‒H bonding, consistent with the precursor composition. Silane utilization was near unity. The composition and properties of films deposited under these "amino‐saturated" plasma conditions were examined vs. substrate temperature, . With increasing , there occurred a densification, a loss of H and excess N in a ratio, and an increase in tensile stress, suggesting surface and subsurface chemical condensation of the adsorbed precursors via . Postdeposition flash desorption showed , not , to be the main volatile product of condensation. These results demonstrate that plasma chemistry can be manipulated to control film properties in a predictable manner.
Non-coplanar beam direction optimization for intensity-modulated radiotherapy (2003)

An algorithm for the optimization of the direction of intensity-modulated beams is presented. Although the global optimum dose distribution cannot be predicted, usually a large number of equivalent beam configurations exists. This degeneracy facilitates beam direction optimization (BDO) through a number of possible approximations and because the target set of good beam configurations is very large. Usually, the target volume is accessible through a finite number of paths of little resistance, which are defined by the properties of the objective function and the global optimum dose distribution. Since these paths can be occupied by a finite number of beams, it is reasonable to assume that a minimum number of beams for a configuration that is degenerate to the global optimum exists. Efficiency of the BDO will be characterized by detecting this degeneracy threshold. Beam configurations are altered by adding and deleting beams. A fast exhaustive (up to 3500 non-coplanar orientations) search finds beam directions that improve a configuration. Redundant beams of a configuration can be identified by a fast criterion based on second-order derivative information of the objective function. This offers a fast means of iteratively substituting redundant beams from a configuration. Inferior stationary states can be evaded by adding more beams than the desired number to the current configuration, followed by the subsequent cancellation of superfluous beams. The significance of BDO is examined in a coplanar and a non-coplanar test case. The existence of a threshold number for the minimum configuration and its dependence on the complexity of the problem are shown. BDO outperforms manual configurations and equispaced coplanar beam arrangements in both example cases.
Design considerations for stacked Class-E-like mmWave high-speed power DACs in CMOS (2013)

This work describes design considerations for realizing high power mmWave DACs with high efficiency under modulation based on switching-PA DAC cells. A stacked Class-E-like SOI CMOS power amplifier is turned ON/OFF by means of digital circuitry to sustain high-speed 1-bit ASK (OOK) modulation, while high average efficiency is achieved by means of supply-switching. Factors affecting modulation speed, dynamic power dissipation, impact of digital path delays and supply/ground bounce are discussed and design guidelines are provided. A fully-integrated 47GHz prototype has been fabricated in IBM's 45nm SOI CMOS technology. Measurement results yield a saturated output power of 18.2 dBm with a peak PAE of 15.3% under static (continuous-wave) operation, and high-speed OOK modulation (upto 1Gbps and beyond) is demonstrated with high average efficiency.
Selective Mapping of QTL Conditioning Disease Resistance in Common Bean (1996)

Genetic markers linked with quantitative trait loci (QTL) may enable indirect selection of complex disease resistance. Construction of separate linkage maps to identify QTL for each complex disease resistance trait of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is unfeasible, however. We investigated whether selective mapping could be used to hasten identification of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) associated with QTL conditioning bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) or common bacterial blight (CBB) resistance. The mapping population (‘Dorado’ × XAN 176) consisted of 79 F 5:7 recombinant inbred lines. A bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of as few as three individuals and selective genotyping was used. The 101 RAPDs identified between the parents were tested across resistant vs. susceptible bulks for BGMV reaction, combined greenhouse (leaf) and field reactions to CBB, and pod (greenhouse) reaction to CBB. Fourteen of 22 RAPDs selectively mapped because they cosegregated among lines within bulks, were linked with seven of the nine QTL conditioning resistance as identified by QTL mapping using all 101 RAPDs. The two QTL not identified by this approach had minor effects. BSA and selective genotyping required only about one‐third the cost and labor of completely classifying the whole population with each marker and was similarly effective for identifying RAPD markers associated with major‐effect QTL that condition disease resistance in common bean. Two‐locus models (R 2 ), for select environments, explained 60% of the phenotypic variation in BGMV reaction, and 65, 58, and 46% of the phenotypic variation in greenhouse‐leaf, ‐pod, and field reactions to CBB. Repulsion linkages between QTL for BGMV and CBB may complicate the combination of resistance alleles for these two traits.