gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DEBAR: A scalable high-performance de-duplication storage system for backup and archiving (2010)

Driven by the increasing demand for large-scale and high-performance data protection, disk-based de-duplication storage has become a new research focus of the storage industry and research community where several new schemes have emerged recently. So far these systems are mainly inline de-duplication approaches, which are centralized and do not lend themselves easily to be extended to handle global de-duplication in a distributed environment. We present DEBAR, a de-duplication storage system designed to improve capacity, performance and scalability for de-duplication backup/archiving. DEBAR performs post-processing de-duplication, where backup streams are de-duplicated and cached on server-disks through an in-memory preliminary filter in phase I, and then completely de-duplicated in-batch in phase II. By decentralizing fingerprint lookup and update, DEBAR supports a cluster of servers to perform de-duplication backup in parallel, and is shown to scale linearly in both write throughput and physical capacity, achieving an aggregate throughput of 1.7GB/s and supporting a physical capacity of 2PB with 16 backup servers.
Quo vadis interface definition languages? Towards a interface definition language for RESTful services (2009)

Current Web-service description languages like WSDL are very powerful and many topics, like how to describe the composition of Web-services, have received much attention by the scientific community. With the rise of RESTful Webservices, resources come to the focus of service developers, with the need to transfer many well understood problems to a new paradigm. RESTful services up to now are most commonly described in a natural language, and there is no good interface description language, as WSDL (2.0) is clumsy to use and WADL lacks features and widespread use. In this paper we want to analyze common interface description languages, their properties and shortcomings and we introduce RIDDL, a flexible and extensible service description language to cover description and composition.
Structural identification and biological activity of 7-methyl-10,11-ethylenedioxy-20(S)-camptothecin, a photodegradant of lurtotecan. (2002)

An additional chromatographic peak was observed in plasma samples of patients receiving NX 211, a liposomal formulation of the topoisomerase I inhibitor lurtotecan. We have isolated and purified this product by sequential solid-phase extractions, and we report its structure and cytotoxicity relative to lurtotecan and related agents. Nuclear magnetic resonance data indicate that cleavage of the piperazino moiety occurred at the N-C bond of the B-ring, yielding 7-methyl-10,11-ethylenedioxy-20(S)-camptothecin (MEC). Tests of the growth inhibition potential of MEC in seven human tumor cell lines showed that the compound was approximately 2-18-fold more cytotoxic than lurtotecan, topotecan, and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-20(S)-camptothecin (SN-38). Subsequently, we found that MEC was the product of rapid photolysis of lurtotecan, with the rate of degradation inversely proportional to NX 211 concentrations, and greatly depends on light intensity. Furthermore, MEC concentrations were found to increase significantly in plasma samples exposed to laboratory light but not in blood. MEC was not produced from NX 211 in the presence of human liver microsomes, suggesting that it is not a product of cytochrome P-450 metabolism. Using a validated analytical method, trace levels of MEC were quantitated in blood samples of two patients. These observations confirm that the precautions for protection from light currently specified for preparation and administration of NX 211 dose solutions are critical. Procedures to minimize formation of MEC, by the use of amber vials for NX 211 and by preparation of dilutions immediately before clinical use in a fashion completely protected from light, are now being routinely implemented.
Regression analysis for microbiome compositional data (2016)

One important problem in microbiome analysis is to identify the bacterial taxa that are associated with a response, where the microbiome data are summarized as the composition of the bacterial taxa at different taxonomic levels. This paper considers regression analysis with such compositional data as covariates. In order to satisfy the subcompositional coherence of the results, linear models with a set of linear constraints on the regression coefficients are introduced. Such models allow regression analysis for subcompositions and include the log-contrast model for compositional covariates as a special case. A penalized estimation procedure for estimating the regression coefficients and for selecting variables under the linear constraints is developed. A method is also proposed to obtain debiased estimates of the regression coefficients that are asymptotically unbiased and have a joint asymptotic multivariate normal distribution. This provides valid confidence intervals of the regression coefficients and can be used to obtain the $p$-values. Simulation results show the validity of the confidence intervals and smaller variances of the debiased estimates when the linear constraints are imposed. The proposed methods are applied to a gut microbiome data set and identify four bacterial genera that are associated with the body mass index after adjusting for the total fat and caloric intakes.
Magnetic fusion with high energy self-colliding ion beams. (1993)

Self-consistent equilibria are obtained for high beta plasma where almost all of the ions are energetic with a gyroradius of the order of the plasma scale length. Magnetohydrodynamics would not apply to such a plasma. Recent experiments with tokamaks suggest that it would be insensitive to microinstabilities. Several methods are described for creating the plasma with intense neutralized ion beams.
Coeliac disease and unfavourable outcome of pregnancy (2000)

Overall, 1 in 70 women was affected by coeliac disease, either not diagnosed (nine cases) or not treated (three cases). Their history of miscarriages, anaemia, low birth weight babies, and unfavourable outcome of pregnancy suggests that testing for coeliac disease should be included in the battery of tests prescribed for pregnant women. Coeliac disease is considerably more common than most of the diseases for which pregnant women are routinely screened. Unfavourable events associated with coeliac disease may be prevented by a gluten free diet.
Remote ischaemic preconditioning reduces myocardial injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cold-blood cardioplegia: a randomised controlled trial (2009)

NCT00397163.
A general, selective, and facile method for ketone synthesis from acid chlorides and organotin compounds catalyzed by palladium (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA general, selective, and facile method for ketone synthesis from acid chlorides and organotin compounds catalyzed by palladiumD. Milstein and J. K. StilleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 11, 3636–3638Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00479a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00479a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8165Altmetric-Citations744LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Potent and selective isophthalamide S2 hydroxyethylamine inhibitor of BACE1 (2007)

The design and synthesis of a novel series of potent BACE1 hydroxyethylamine inhibitors. These inhibitors feature hydrogen bonding substituents at the C-5 position of the isophthalamide ring with improved selectivity over cathepsin D.
SCH 58261, an A2A adenosine receptor antagonist, counteracts parkinsonian‐like muscle rigidity in rats (2001)

The aim of the present study was to find out whether blockade of adenosine A(2A) receptors by a selective antagonist, SCH 58261, influenced parkinsonian-like muscle rigidity. Muscle tone was examined using a combined mechano- and electromyographic method which simultaneously measured muscle resistance (MMG) of a rat hindfoot to passive extension and flexion in the ankle joint and electromyographic activity (EMG) of the antagonistic muscles of that joint: gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior. Muscle rigidity produced by reserpine (5 mg/kg + alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, 250 mg/kg) was antagonized by SCH 58261 (0.1-5 mg/kg). SCH 58261 (5 mg/kg) also reduced reserpine-enhanced tonic and reflex EMG activities in both the gastrocnemius and the tibialis muscles. Moreover, SCH 58261 in doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg abolished muscle resistance induced by haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg). However, only the highest dose of SCH 58261 (5 mg/kg) decreased tonic EMG activity enhanced by haloperidol. Administration of L-DOPA (75 and 100 mg/kg) dose-dependently decreased the muscle resistance as well as tonic EMG activity evoked by haloperidol. Combined administration of SCH 58261 (0.1 mg/kg) and L-DOPA (50 mg/kg) in doses which did not affect the haloperidol-induced muscle rigidity produced a pronounced synergistic effect. The ability of SCH 58261 to diminish the parkinsonian-like muscle rigidity and to potentiate the effect of L-DOPA in this model seems to indicate a therapeutic value of this compound in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Agronomic and Seed Traits of 1%‐Linolenate Soybean Genotypes (2000)

An oil from soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with &lt;20 g kg −1 linolenate would have a desirable oxidative stability. The objective of our study was to compare the agronomic and seed traits of lines with the genotype fan1 (A5) fan1 (A5) fan2 (A23) fan2 (A23) fan3fan3 , designated as 1%‐linolenate (&lt;20 g kg −1 ) lines, and the genotype fan1 (A5) fan1 (A5) fan2 (A23) fan2 (A23), designated as 2%‐linolenate lines (&gt;20 g kg −1 ). Three backcross populations were developed by crossing three high‐yielding, recurrent parents with ≈25 g kg −1 linolenate to a donor line with ≈13 g kg −1 linolenate. For each population, 27 1%‐ and 27 2%‐linolenate BC 1 F 2:4 lines were evaluated at Ames, Grand Junction, and Hubbard, IA during 1998. The mean seed yields of the 1%‐linolenate lines were 47 kg ha −1 lower in Population 1, 65 kg ha −1 lower in Population 2, and 164 kg ha −1 lower in Population 3 than the 2%‐linolenate lines, but the difference was only significant in Population 3. The maximum mean differences between the 1%‐ and 2%‐linolenate lines in any of the populations for the remaining agronomic and seed traits were 1 d for maturity, 0.1 score for lodging, 2 cm for plant height, 4 mg seed −1 for seed weight, 5 g kg −1 each for protein and oil content, 0.6 g kg −1 for palmitate, 2.2 g kg −1 for stearate, 16.4 g kg −1 for oleate, and 6.8 g kg −1 for linoleate. The lack of major differences between the 1%‐ and 2%‐linolenate lines indicated that it should be possible to develop acceptable cultivars with &lt;20 g kg −1 linolenate.
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (1983)

A self-assessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety in the setting of an hospital medical outpatient clinic. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder. It is suggested that the introduction of the scales into general hospital practice would facilitate the large task of detection and management of emotional disorder in patients under investigation and treatment in medical and surgical departments.
Association of a M(r) 90,000 phosphoprotein with protein kinase PKR in cells exhibiting enhanced phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF-2 alpha and premature shutoff of protein synthesis after infection with gamma 134.5- mutants of herpes simplex virus 1. (1995)

The protein encoded by the gamma 134.5 gene of herpes simplex virus precludes premature shutoff of protein synthesis in human cells triggered by stress associated with onset of viral DNA synthesis. The carboxyl terminus of the protein is essential for this function. This report indicates that the shutoff of protein synthesis is not due to mRNA degration because mRNA from wild-type or gamma 134.5- virus-infected cells directs protein synthesis. Analyses of the posttranslational modifications of translation initiation factor eIF-2 showed the following: (i) eIF-2 alpha was selectively phosphorylated by a kinase present in ribosome-enriched fraction of cells infected with gamma 134.5- virus. (ii) Endogenous eIF-2 alpha was totally phosphorylated in cells infected with gamma 134.5- virus or a virus lacking the 3' coding domain of the gamma 134.5 gene but was not phosphorylated in mock-infected or wild-type virus-infected cells. (iii) Immune precipitates of the PKR kinase that is responsible for regulation of protein synthesis of some cells by phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha yielded several phosphorylated polypeptides. Of particular significance were two observations. First, phosphorylation of PKR kinase was elevated in all infected cells relative to the levels in mock-infected cells. Second, the precipitates from lysates of cells infected with gamma 134.5- virus or a virus lacking the 3' coding domain of the gamma 134.5 gene contained an additional labeled phosphoprotein of M(r) 90,000 (p90). This phosphoprotein was present in only trace amounts in the immunoprecipitate from cells infected with wild-type virus or mutants lacking a portion of the 5' domain of gamma 134.5. We conclude that in the absence of gamma 134.5 protein, PKR kinase complexes with the p90 phosphoprotein and shuts off protein synthesis by phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of translation initiation factor eIF-2.
The transthoracic impedance cardiogram is a potential haemodynamic sensor for an automated external defibrillator (1998)

Thus the impedance cardiogram is a potential haemodynamic sensor for an automatic external defibrillator.
A 1024-sample serum analyzer chip for cancer diagnostics (2013)

We present a platform that combines microarrays and microfluidic techniques to measure four protein biomarkers in 1024 serum samples for a total of 4096 assays per device. Detection is based on a surface fluorescence sandwich immunoassay with a limit of detection of ~1 pM for most of the proteins measured: PSA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. To validate the utility of our platform, we measured these four biomarkers in 20 clinical human serum samples, 10 from prostate cancer patients and 10 female and male controls. We compared the results of our platform to a conventional ELISA and found a good correlation between them. However, compared to a classical ELISA, our device reduces the total cost of reagents by 4 orders of magnitude while increasing throughput by 2 orders of magnitude. Overall, we demonstrate an integrated approach to perform low-cost and rapid quantification of protein biomarkers from over one thousand serum samples. This new high-throughput technology will have a significant impact on disease diagnosis and management.
The cDNA Sequence of Human Endothelial Cell Multimerin (1995)

Multimerin is a massive, soluble protein found in platelets and in the endothelium of blood vessels. Multimerin is composed of varying sized, disulfide-linked multimers, the smallest of which is a homotrimer. Multimerin is a factor V/Va-binding protein and may function as a carrier protein for platelet factor V. The cDNA for human multimerin was isolated from lambda gt11 endothelial cell libraries using antibodies, and the isolated cDNA clones were used to obtain the full sequence. The full-length multimerin cDNA was 4.2 kilobase pairs. Northern analyses identified a 4.7-kilobase transcript in cultured endothelial cells, a megakaryocytic cell line, platelets, and highly vascular tissues. The multimerin cDNA can encode a protein of 1228 amino acids with the probable signal peptide cleavage site between amino acids 19 and 20. The protein is predicted to be hydrophilic and to contain 23 N-glycosylation sites. The adhesive motif RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) and an epidermal growth factor-like domain were identified. Sequence searches indicated that multimerin is a unique protein. Analyses identified probable coiled-coil structures in the central portion of the multimerin sequence. Additionally, the carboxyl-terminal region of multimerin resembles the globular, non-collagen-like, carboxyl-terminal domains of several other trimeric proteins, including complement C1q and collagens type VIII and X.
Glycosyltransferases and Glycan-Processing Enzymes (2009)

Glycosyltransferases and glycosidases are responsible for the assembly, processing, and turnover of glycans. In addition, there are a number of transferases that modify glycans by the addition of acetyl, methyl, phosphate, sulfate, and other groups. This chapter covers the general characteristics of enzymes involved in glycan initiation, assembly, and processing, including aspects of substrate specificity, primary sequence relationships, structures, and enzyme mechanisms.
Long-term tumor remission under trastuzumab treatment for HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer – results from the HER-OS patient registry (2014)

HER2-positive patients, who initially respond to palliative treatment with trastuzumab, can achieve a long-term tumor remission of several years.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOHEXAPYRROLIZIDINES‐ C‐METHYLATION OF VINYLOGOUS AMIDES (1978)

Abstract Das aus dem Hexahydroindol (I) dargestellte Iminiumsalz (II) wird zu dem Derivat (III) (cis/trans‐Gemisch) methyliert, dessen hydrogenolytische Debenzylierung ein 2: 3‐Gemisch der Amine (IVa) und (IVb) gibt.
Vaccinia virus complement-control protein prevents antibody-dependent complement-enhanced neutralization of infectivity and contributes to virulence. (1992)

The role of a viral gene product in evasion of the host immune response was investigated. The antibody-dependent complement-enhanced neutralization of vaccinia virus infectivity was prevented by the culture medium from vaccinia virus-infected cells. The vaccinia virus complement-control protein (VCP) was identified as the secreted product of vaccinia virus gene C21L and has homology to a group of eukaryotic genes encoding regulators of complement activation. Thus, the culture medium from cells infected with a C21L deletion mutant was VCP deficient and had little or no effect on antibody-dependent complement-enhanced neutralization. In addition, the anticomplement effect was associated with the C21L-encoded protein partially purified from the medium of cells infected with wild-type virus. Antibody-dependent, complement-enhanced neutralization of vaccinia virus occurred with a complement source that was deficient in the classical pathway complement component C4 and required the alternative pathway complement factor B. Furthermore, the presence of VCP abrogated the complement-enhanced neutralization in C4-deficient serum. Together with previous hemolysis data, the present result suggests that VCP can inhibit both the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation. Skin lesions caused by the C21L deletion mutant were smaller than those caused by wild-type virus, demonstrating an important role for VCP in virulence. The C21L deletion mutant also was attenuated in C4-deficient guinea pigs, consistent with in vitro studies. Vaccinia virus appears to have acquired the ability to regulate the complement cascade for the purpose of evading the host immune response.
A structural difference between the cell surfaces of humans and the great apes (1998)

The sialic acids are major components of the cell surfaces of animals of the deuterostome lineage. Earlier studies suggested that humans may not express N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a hydroxylated form of the common sialic acid N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). We find that while Neu5Gc is essentially undetectable on human plasma proteins and erythrocytes, it is a major component in all the four extant great apes (chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla and orangutan) as well as in many other mammals. This marked difference is also seen amongst cultured lymphoblastoid cells from humans and great apes, as well as in a variety of other tissues compared between humans and chimpanzees, including the cerebral cortex and the cerebrospinal fluid. Biosynthetically, Neu5Gc arises from the action of a hydroxylase that converts the nucleotide donor CMP-Neu5Ac to CMP-Neu5Gc. This enzymatic activity is present in chimpanzee cells, but not in human cells. However, traces of Neu5Gc occur in some human tissues, and others have reported expression of Neu5Gc in human cancers and fetal tissues. Thus, the enzymatic capacity to express Neu5Gc appears to have been suppressed sometime after the great ape-hominid divergence. As terminal structures on cell surfaces, sialic acids are involved in intercellular cross-talk involving specific vertebrate lectins, as well as in microbe-host recognition involving a wide variety of pathogens. The level of sialic acid hydroxylation (level of Neu5Ac versus Neu5Gc) is known to positively or negatively affect several of these endogenous and exogenous interactions. Thus, there are potential functional consequences of this widespread structural change in humans affecting the surfaces of cells throughout the body.