gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FlowNet: Learning Optical Flow with Convolutional Networks (2015)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently been very successful in a variety of computer vision tasks, especially on those linked to recognition. Optical flow estimation has not been among the tasks where CNNs were successful. In this paper we construct appropriate CNNs which are capable of solving the optical flow estimation problem as a supervised learning task. We propose and compare two architectures: a generic architecture and another one including a layer that correlates feature vectors at different image locations. Since existing ground truth data sets are not sufficiently large to train a CNN, we generate a synthetic Flying Chairs dataset. We show that networks trained on this unrealistic data still generalize very well to existing datasets such as Sintel and KITTI, achieving competitive accuracy at frame rates of 5 to 10 fps.
Design and fabrication of a compact planar-integrated optical correlator (2002)

Optical correlators are the key components in various analog and digital optical free-space processing systems. The disadvantages of classical optomechanically assembled setups with respect to packaging density, reliability and production costs can be overcome with integration techniques. In planar optics all components are integrated on the surfaces of a single substrate using lithographic fabrication technologies. High light efficiency and design flexibility in the passive optical system is achieved by using multiple phase level diffractive optical elements. In this paper we present an optical Vander Lugt correlator integrated in planar optics.
Prevention of Peritransplantation Viridans Streptococcal Bacteremia with Early Vancomycin Administration: A Single‐Center Observational Cohort Study (2004)

The attributable mortality rate for VSB in our cohort was 21%. Early vancomycin was associated with decreased VSB (hazard ratio, 0.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.003-0.19) after controlling for age, sex, underlying disease, and transplantation variables. The benefits of vancomycin prophylaxis for the prevention of VSB and associated mortality need to be evaluated in a prospective clinical trial.
Identification of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as the target of monoclonal antibody 107-1A4 by proteinchip�; array, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (seldi) technology (2001)

Recently we described the generation of the prostate tissue-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 107-1A4, its expression pattern and preliminary targeting of human prostate cancer xenografts. In this report we demonstrate that the target antigen for MAb 107-1A4 is prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) using immunoaffinity absorption followed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometric analysis of peptides produced by in-gel tryptic digestion. The identity of the antigen has been confirmed by Western blots using MAbs of known specificity. MAb 107-1A4 is not reactive on Western blots. The conformational epitope for 107-1A4 is on the extracellular domain of PSMA. In competition studies, the binding of MAb 107-1A4 to LNCaP cells is inhibited by itself but not by any other of several other anti-PSMA MAbs, suggesting that the epitope may be unique. These results suggest that 107-1A4 is reactive to a conformational epitope in the external domain of PSMA that is unique among the panel of anti-PSMA MAbs in this study. Furthermore this work demonstrates the ability of mass spectroscopy to elucidate antibody-ligand interaction.
A Streaming Motion Magnification Core for Smart Image Sensors (2017)

This paper proposes a modified Eulerian Video Magnification (EVM) algorithm and a hardware implementation of a motion magnification core for smart image sensors. Compared to the original EVM algorithm, we perform the pixel-wise temporal bandpass filtering only once rather than multiple times on all scale layers, to reduce the memory and multiplier requirement for hardware implementation. A pixel stream processing architecture with pipelined blocks is proposed for the magnification core, enabling it to readily fit common image sensing components with streaming pixel output, while achieving higher performance with lower system cost. We implemented an FPGA-based prototype that is able to process up to 90M pixels per second and magnify subtle motion. The motion magnification results are comparable to the original algorithm running on PC.
Engineering a Successful Fracture-Stimulation Treatment in the Eagle Ford Shale (2010)

Abstract The Eagle Ford shale in south Texas is the one of the most recent developments in unconventional reservoir exploration. Numerous existing completion methods have been applied in this nano-darcy formation with various degrees of success. The horizontal Eagle Ford wells in the northeast area of the current Eagle Ford play (DeWitt County) require a completion strategy that is reservoir specific. The production in this area has a high liquid/gas ratio and presents different challenges for commercial development than those in the typical “high-rate water frac” completions associated with dry-gas shale stimulation theory. Previous high-rate water frac completions in this area typically associated with the “Barnett-style shale stimulation” achieved poor results. Core analysis shows that a low Young's Modulus (YM) (soft rock), high clay content, and the potential for high liquid-hydrocarbon production require the need for a different completion strategy. Swelling formation clays and proppant embedment were formation issues to consider along with the multiphase hydrocarbon production. Higher conductivity fractures would be required, but various unknowns existed: How many frac stages should be pumped?How much proppant should be pumped on each frac stage?What type of proppant should be used?What mesh proppant should be used?What perforation scheme was needed?What type of completion fluids should be used?What injection rate was needed?How would fracture-injection issues be handled? This paper discusses how a collaborative, engineered approach was applied to the completion of the Eagle Ford shale to deliver a commercial asset. To address the unknowns, the methodology included geologic and reservoir understanding applied to the stimulation design and execution. The stimulation resulted in hydrocarbon production that exceeded expectations. Comparative well results will be discussed.
Determining Pharmacological Selectivity of the Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonist LY2456302 Using Pupillometry as a Translational Biomarker in Rat and Human (2015)

Selective kappa opioid receptor antagonism is a promising experimental strategy for the treatment of depression. The kappa opioid receptor antagonist, LY2456302, exhibits ~30-fold higher affinity for kappa opioid receptors over mu opioid receptors, which is the next closest identified pharmacology. Here, we determined kappa opioid receptor pharmacological selectivity of LY2456302 by assessing mu opioid receptor antagonism using translational pupillometry in rats and humans. In rats, morphine-induced mydriasis was completely blocked by the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (3mg/kg, which produced 90% mu opioid receptor occupancy), while 100 and 300mg/kg LY2456302 (which produced 56% and 87% mu opioid receptor occupancy, respectively) only partially blocked morphine-induced mydriasis. In humans, fentanyl-induced miosis was completely blocked by 50mg naltrexone, and LY2456302 dose-dependently blocked miosis at 25 and 60mg (minimal-to-no blockade at 4–10mg). We demonstrate, for the first time, the use of translational pupillometry in the context of receptor occupancy to identify a clinical dose of LY2456302 achieving maximal kappa opioid receptor occupancy without evidence of significant mu receptor antagonism.
Attenuation of monosodium urate crystal-induced arthritis in rabbits by a neutralizing antibody against interleukin-8 (1997)

Accumulating evidence implicates interleukin-8 (IL-8) as an essential mediator in neutrophil-mediated acute inflammation. Neutrophils have also been shown to have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute gouty arthritis. Thus, we investigate the pathophysiological role of IL-8 in an experimental model of acute gout, monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced arthritis in rabbits. The injection of MSU crystals into knee joints caused a marked swelling of joints. Concomitantly, the infiltration ofleukocytes, mostly neutrophils, was observed in synovial membrane and synovial fluids. The injection of MSU crystals also induced an elevation in synovial fluid IL-8 levels preceding neutrophil infiltration into synovial fluids, without an accompanying increase in plasma IL-8 levels. Immunoreactive IL-8 protein was detected in synovial lining cells at 12-24 h after the injection. IL-8 protein was also observed in infiltrated leukocytes in synovium as early as 3-24 h after the injection. Finally, the intraarticular injection of a neutralizing anti-IL-8 antibody significantly attenuated the crystal-induced joint swelling that occurred at 12 h, and neutrophil infiltration into arthritic joints at 12 and 24 h after the induction. These results provide evidence on the pathogenic roles of locally produced IL-8 in MSU crystal-induced gouty arthritis.
Topology of the transposon Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance protein within the inner membrane of Escherichia coli (1989)

The transposon Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance protein TetA is an integral membrane protein responsible for the export of tetracycline from the cytoplasmic to the periplasmic side of the inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. From a plot of the average hydrophobicity along the sequence of this protein, a two-dimensional membrane topology with 12 transmembrane domains may be predicted. Using plasmid-bearing Escherichia coli maxicells we specifically radiolabeled the TetA protein. The amino terminus of this membrane protein was shown not to be processed, and its location on the inner side of the cytoplasmic membrane was demonstrated by a newly developed use of a chemical method. Spheroplasts and inside-out vesicles of the TetA protein synthesizing maxicells were subjected to limited digestion by proteases of different specificities. The TetA protein was not accessible to proteases from the periplasmic side. On the inner side of the cytoplasmic membrane, the carboxyl terminus and four sites accessible to endoproteases could be identified. The cleavage sites are proposed to be localized between amino acid residues 60-70, 110-130, 180-200, and at amino acid 327. These results allow the definition of a model for the two-dimensional topology of the TetA protein.
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression in human lung‐cancer cells (1997)

Heparan sulfate (HS) functions as a co-factor in several signal-transduction systems that affect cellular growth, differentiation, adhesion and motility. HS, therefore, may also play a role in the malignant transformation of cells, tumor growth, cell invasiveness and the formation of tumor metastases. To explore this hypothesis, we analyzed the expression of HS and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) in histological sections of human lung-cancer tissues and assayed for the presence of HSPGs in extracts of human lung-cancer cell lines, using a panel of native HS-, Δ-HS- and HSPG (syndecan, glypican, CD44 and perlecan) core protein–specific monoclonal antibodies. Compared to normal epithelia, non-small-cell lung carcinomas, particularly poorly differentiated tumors, often expressed reduced amounts of the major cell surface–associated HSPGs (most consistently of syndecan-1). CD44 or CD44-variant proteins, in contrast, were found on all tumor cells, irrespective of their differentiation. Perlecan, a matrix-associated HSPG found in the basement membrane of normal bronchial epithelium, was consistently undetectable in invasive bronchogenic carcinomas. Staining reactions for native HS were consistently reduced in squamous-cell lung carcinomas, in the cells in contact with the stroma and in the less differentiated areas of these tumors. Reactions for Δ-HS, however, were not reduced, suggesting a structural change in the HS of these tumor cells. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, in contrast, yielded strong HS and Δ-HS reactions. Marked differences in HSPG expression also were observed among various non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell lines. Our results suggest that poorly differentiated lung tumors have markedly altered patterns of HSPG expression, which may contribute to their invasive phenotype. Int. J. Cancer 74:335–345, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Oxygen Incorporation into Electrodeposited CoFe Films: Consequences for Structure and Magnetic Properties (2011)

The nanostructure and magnetic properties of electrodeposited Co40Fe60 alloy films containing varying amounts of oxygen were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and diffraction, secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements. Oxygen content in the CoFe deposit was controlled by electrolyte composition. Films were deposited on Si {100} substrates with thin Cu/Ti seed layer. Electron energy loss and x-ray spectroscopies showed that the low oxygen films contained intragranular FeO particles and that the high oxygen films contained Fe2O3 along grain boundaries. The films with oxide present at the grain boundary had increased coercivity and reduced saturation magnetization relative to the lower oxygen content films with intragranular oxide. The differences in magnetic properties between low oxygen and high oxygen concentration films were attributed to stronger mobile domain wall interactions with the grain boundary oxide layers relative to interactions with the intragranular oxide particles in the low oxygen specimens.
Applications of Laser Radiation Pressure (1980)

Use of lasers has revolutionized the study and applications of radiation pressure. Light forces have been achieved which strongly affect the dynamics of individual small particles. It is now possible to optically accelerate, slow, stably trap, and manipulate micrometer-sized dielectric particles and atoms. This leads to a diversity of new scientific and practical applications in fields where small particles play a role, such as light scattering, cloud physics, aerosol science, atomic physics, quantum optics, and high-resolution spectroscopy.
The molecular mechanism linking muscle fat accumulation to insulin resistance (2004)

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is a co-morbidity of obesity and a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance is associated with the accumulation of intramyocellular lipids. Intramyocellular triacylglycerols do not appear to be the cause of insulin resistance but are more likely to be a marker of other lipid intermediates such as fatty acyl-CoA, ceramides or diacylglycerols. Fatty acyl-CoA, ceramides and diacylglycerols are known to directly alter various aspects of the insulin signalling cascade. Insulin signalling is inhibited by the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues at the levels of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1. Protein kinase C is responsible for the phosphorylation of the serine and threonine residues. Fatty acyl-CoA and diacylglycerols are known to activate protein kinase C. The cause of the intramyocellular accumulation of fatty acyl-CoA and diacylglycerols is unclear at this time. Reduced fatty acid oxidation does not appear to be responsible, as fatty acyl-CoA accumulates in skeletal muscle with a normal fatty acid oxidative capacity. Other potential mechanisms include oversupply of lipids to muscle and/or up regulated fatty acid transport.
IL-27 regulates IL-12 responsiveness of naïve CD4 + T cells through Stat1-dependent and -independent mechanisms (2003)

IL-27, a novel heterodimeric cytokine produced by antigen-presenting cells, signals through the T cell cytokine receptor (TCCR)/WSX-1 expressed on naïve CD4+ T cells and natural killer cells. TCCR/WSX-1 deficiency results in delayed T helper type 1 (TH1) development through an unresolved mechanism. We report here that IL-27 stimulation in developing murine T helper cells potently induces the expression of the major TH1-specific transcription factor T-bet and its downstream target IL-12R beta2, independently of IFN gamma. In addition, IL-27 suppresses basal expression of GATA-3, the critical TH2-specific transcription factor that inhibits TH1 development by down-regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 4. IL-27 signaling through TCCR/WSX-1 induces phosphorylation of Stat1, Stat3, Stat4, and Stat5. Stat1 is required for suppression of GATA-3, but T-bet induction by IL-27 can also be mediated through a Stat1-independent pathway. Despite its TH1-like signaling profile, IL-27 is not sufficient to drive the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into IFN gamma-producing cells. Similarly, IL-27 induces T-bet expression in primary natural killer cells, but this does not result in an increase of IFN gamma production or cytotoxic activity. Therefore, although IL-27 is unable to drive IFN gamma production on its own, it plays an important role in the early steps of TH1 commitment by contributing in a paracrine manner to the control of IL-12 responsiveness.
Somatic mutation in a cultured mouse myeloma cell affects antigen binding. (1982)

The S107 mouse myeloma cell line synthesizes an IgA antibody that binds the hapten phosphocholine and is similar if not identical in its heavy and light chain variable region sequence to the predominant antibody produced by BALB/c mice in response to immunization with phosphocholine. This cell line frequently and spontaneously generates somatic variants producing immunoglobulins with decreased ability to bind antigen. One such variant, S 107.U1, is described here. This variant has a decreased ability to bind phosphocholine when it is attached to a carrier, although its affinity for free hapten is the same as that of the parent. This decrease in antigen binding is associated with a single amino acid substitution at the fifth residue in the JH segment.
Overexpression of bacterial xylose isomerase and yeast host xylulokinase improves xylose alcoholic fermentation in the thermotolerant yeastHansenula polymorpha (2007)

The thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha is able to ferment xylose to ethanol. To improve characteristics of xylose fermentation, the recombinant strain Δxyl1Δxyl2-AΔxyl2-B, with deletions of genes encoding first enzymes of xylose utilization (NAD(P)H-dependent xylose reductase and NAD-dependent xylitol dehydrogenases, respectively), was constructed and used as a recipient for co-overexpression of the Escherichia coli xylA gene coding for xylose isomerase and endogenous XYL3 gene coding for xylulokinase. The expression of both genes was driven by the H. polymorpha glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. Xylose isomerase activities of obtained transformants amounted to ∼80% of that of the bacterial host strain. Xylulokinase activities of the transformants increased twofold when compared with the parental strain. The recombinant strains displayed improved ethanol production during the fermentation of xylose.
Physical Factors Involved in Ultrasonically Induced Changes in Living Systems: I. Identification of Non-Temperature Effects (1950)

The results of the first step in a systematic investigation of the mechanism of the action of ultrasound on tissue are reported. The temperature changes resulting from absorption of acoustic energy were determined while irradiation was in progress. Experimental evidence is presented which demonstrates the existence of non-temperature effects in various nerve tissue preparations.
Potential Therapeutic Indications for Growth Hormone and Growth Hormone‐releasing Hormone in Conditions other than Growth Retardation (1986)

Growth hormone (GH) previously was available in limited supply and only for the treatment of GH-deficient children. The recent production of GH by recombinant DNA technology has provided a potential surfeit of this hormone and raises the possibility of its use in other conditions. In addition, the isolation, characterization, and synthesis of GH-releasing hormone (GRH) provides an opportunity to use this peptide in conditions in which increased circulating levels of GH are desired. Both GH and GRH have potential therapeutic uses in conditions other than growth retardation.
A phase I study of TNP-470 administered to patients with advanced squamous cell cancer of the cervix. (1997)

A Phase I study of the novel angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 was performed. Patients with inoperable recurring or metastatic squamous cell cancer of the cervix with evaluable disease, no coagulopathy, and adequate renal, hepatic, and hematological function were eligible. One course of treatment consisted of an i.v. infusion of TNP-470 over 60 min every other day for 28 days, followed by a 14-day rest period. The starting dose was 9.3 mg/m2. Eighteen evaluable patients were treated, with a median age of 48 years (range 27-55) and performance status Zubrod 1 (range 0-2). Grade 3 neurotoxicities consisting of weakness, nystagmus, diplopia, and ataxia were encountered in two patients receiving the 71.2 mg/m2 dose. An intermediate dose level of 60 mg/m2 was evaluated and found to be well tolerated by three patients. Only one patient experienced grade 3 nausea on the 60 mg/m2 dose level. No myelosuppression, retinal hemorrhage, weight loss, or significant alopecia were observed. One patient had a complete response, which continues for 26 months, and three patients with initially progressive disease stage had stable disease for 5, 7.7, and 19+ months. Other Phase I studies, including over 200 patients, were performed concurrently with this study. Based on this experience, the dose of TNP-470 recommended for further studies is 60 mg/m2 as a 60-min i.v. infusion every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Neurotoxicity was dose limiting, but appears to be reversible. Otherwise, the treatment was well tolerated. The drug may be active in squamous cell cancer of the cervix. Further studies of TNP-470 in squamous cell cancer of the cervix are warranted.
Chemokine-mediated distribution of dendritic cell subsets in renal cell carcinoma (2010)

Increased numbers of immature DCs were observed within the tumour tissue of RCCs, whereas mature DCs were found in increased numbers at the tumour margin. Our results strongly implicate that the distribution of DC subsets is controlled by local lymphoid chemokine expression. Thus, increased expression of MIP-3α favours recruitment of immature DCs to the tumour bed, whereas de novo local expression of SLC and MIP-3β induces accumulation of mature DCs at the tumour margin forming clusters with proliferating T-cells reflecting a local anti-tumour immune response.