gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of ansa-metallocenes by intramolecular photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition of bis(alkenylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium complexes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of ansa-metallocenes by intramolecular photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition of bis(alkenylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium complexesGerhard Erker, Stephan Wilker, Carl Krueger, and Matthias NolteCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 6, 2140–2151Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00030a026https://doi.org/10.1021/om00030a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Identification of a Mouse p21Cdc42/Rac Activated Kinase (1995)

We have isolated a novel member of the mammalian PAK (p21 activated kinase) and yeast Ste20 serine/threonine kinase family from a mouse fibroblast cDNA library, designated mPAK-3. Expression of mPAK-3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae partially restores mating function in ste20 null cells. Like other PAKs, mPAK-3 contains a putative Cdc42Hs/Rac binding sequence and when transiently expressed in COS cells, full-length mPAK-3 binds activated (GTP gamma S (guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio-triphosphate)-bound) glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Cdc42Hs and GST-Rac1 but not GST-RhoA. As expected for a putative target molecule, mPAK-3 does not bind to an effector domain mutant of Cdc42Hs. Furthermore, activated His-tagged Cdc42Hs and His-tagged Rac stimulate mPAK-3 autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of myelin basic protein by mPAK-3 in vitro. Interestingly, the amino-terminal region of mPAK-3 contains potential SH3-binding sites and we find that mPAK-3, expressed in vitro and in vivo, shows highly specific binding to the SH3 domain of phospholipase C-gamma and at least one SH3 domain in the adapter protein Nck. These results raise the possibility of an additional level of regulation of the PAK family in vivo.
Targeted cleavage: Tuneable cis-cleaving ribozymes (2007)

Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression has become a popular method for studying gene function and elucidating networks of gene expression. A number of tools are available that allow investigators to regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally, including RNAi, antisense oligonucleotides, DNAzymes, and ribozymes (1). Each of these methods relies on complementary basepairing between the inhibitory agent and the target mRNA. In addition, these methods require efficient delivery of short nucleic acids to cells through either carrier molecules or the introduction of genes that encode the inhibitory molecules for expression in the cells of interest (1). A unique nucleic acid inhibitor must be developed for every target of interest and, in many instances, a panel of the appropriate nucleic acid inhibitors has to be tested to achieve the desired knockdown levels of the target (2, 3).
Direct measurement of spectral phase for ultrashort laser pulses (2008)

We present an intuitive pulse characterization method that provides an accurate and direct measurement of the spectral phase of ultrashort laser pulses. The method requires the successive imposition of a set of quadratic spectral phase functions on the pulses while recording the corresponding nonlinear spectra. The second-derivative of the unknown spectral phase can be directly visualized and extracted from the experimental 2D contour plot, without any inversion algorithm or mathematical manipulation.
Early‐phase ERK activation as a biomarker for metabolic status in fragile X syndrome (2008)

Lack of production of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) leads to changes in dendritic morphology and resultant cognitive and behavioral manifestations characteristic of individuals with Fragile X syndrome (FXS). FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that is believed to regulate the translation of a large number (probably over 100) of other proteins, leading to a complex and variable set of symptoms in FXS. In a mouse model of FXS, we previously observed delayed initiation of synaptically localized protein synthesis in response to neurotransmitter stimulation, as compared to wild-type mice. We now likewise have observed delayed early-phase phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK), a nodal point for cell signaling cascades, in both neurons and thymocytes of fmr-1 KO mice. We further report that early-phase kinetics of ERK activation in lymphocytes from human peripheral blood is delayed in a cohort of individuals with FXS, relative to normlal controls, suggesting a potential biomarker to measure metabolic status of disease for individuals with FXS.
High bit rate transmission scheme with a multilevel transmit power control for the OFDM based adaptive modulation systems (2002)

This paper proposes a multilevel transmit power control (MTPC) for OFDM based adaptive modulation systems (OFDM AMS) to achieve high bit rate transmission services without increasing the transmit power. In the proposed system the modulation level for each subcarrier is controlled according to the channel conditions. Moreover to further increase average bit rate, the proposed system employs a multilevel transmit power control (MTPC) in which the modulation level and transmit power for each subcarrier is controlled to maximize transmitted bits per OFDM symbol while keeping its transmit power constant using a conventional transmit power control (TPC) technique. Computer simulation confirms that the proposed system is effective in achieving higher bit rate transmission without increasing its transmit power.
Intrahepatic cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for hepatitis C virus in persons with chronic hepatitis (1992)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of post-transfusion and sporadic hepatitis worldwide, leading to chronic liver disease in at least 50% of infected individuals. The pathogenic mechanisms that result in chronic hepatitis are unknown. Lymphocytes are typically observed within the hepatic parenchyma, but the functional characteristics of these cells have not been defined. In this study, liver-infiltrating lymphocytes from two subjects with chronic HCV hepatitis were cloned at limiting dilution and tested for HCV-specific cytolytic activity using autologous target cells infected with vaccinia viruses expressing recombinant HCV Ag or sensitized with synthetic HCV peptides. In both subjects, HCV-specific, HLA class I-restricted CTL were identified that recognized epitopes in variable regions of either the envelope or nonstructural proteins. These results demonstrate the presence of HCV-specific CTL at the site of tissue damage in persons with chronic HCV hepatitis, and provide a means to evaluate the possible pathogenic role of these cells in HCV infection.
Coupled-ring-resonator-based silicon modulator for enhanced performance (2008)

A compact silicon coupled-ring modulator structure is proposed. Two rings are coupled to each other, and only one of these rings is actively driven and over-coupled to a waveguide, which enables high modulation speed. The resultant notch filter profile is steeper than that of the single ring and has exhibited a smaller resonance shift and lower driving electrical power. Simulation results include: (i) potentially 60-Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) data modulation and over 20-dB extinction ratio can be achieved by shifting the active ring by a 20 GHz resonance shift, (ii) the frequency chirp of the modulated signals can be adjusted by varying the coupling coefficient between the two rings, and (iii) dispersion tolerance at 0.5-dB power penalty is extended from 18 to 85 ps/nm, for a 40-Gb/s NRZ signal.
Plasticization of glassy polymers by CO2 (1985)

Abstract A technique is described which uses differential scanning calorimetry to estimate the glass transition of polymers containing a dissolved gas. The technique is simple and appears to give reliable results. The effects of CO 2 sorption at pressures up to 25 atm were examined in detail for poly(methyl methacrylate) and its blends with poly(vinylidene fluoride). Less extensive results for polystyrene, polycarbonate, poly(vinyl chloride), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) are also given. Reductions in T g of up to 50°C are observed. A theoretical relation by Chow predicts results in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. These findings are relevant to various applications such as membrane separation processes for gases.
Case report on mixed infection of canine parvovirus and canine coronavirus - Electron microscopy and recovery of canine coronavirus. (1983)

Occurrence of coronavirus-like virions and associated degenerative changes were seen in the enterocytes of jejunal villi of a mongrel dog which had been diagnosed first as canine parvoviral disease from virological and pathological examinations. A cytopathic agent was isolated in dog kidney cell cultures from intestinal contents of the present case. The isolate, Toda strain, had morphological and physicochemical properties in common with the viruses of the coronavirus group. Toda strain was neutralized by ascites obtained from a cat with feline infectious peritonitis. Thus the case was diagnosed precisely as the mixed infection of canine parvovirus and canine coronavirus.
Mindtool-Assisted In-Field Learning (MAIL): An Advanced Ubiquitous Learning Project in Taiwan (2014)

Scholars have identified that learning in an authentic environment with quality contextual and procedural supports can engage students in thorough observations and knowledge construction. Moreover, the target is that students are able to experience and make sense of all of the learning activities in the real-world environment with meaningful supports, such that their learning motivation can be promoted, knowledge can be sensibly constructed, and skills can be fully developed. To develop potential tutoring strategies and learning activity models using mobile, wireless, and sensing information and communication technologies (ICT) in a real-world learning environment, a four-year national e-learning research project entitled Mindtool-Assisted In-field Learning (MAIL) has been funded by the National Science Council of Taiwan since 2008 in an effort to lead the development and innovation of Learning Technology. The integrated project aimed to develop Mindtool- assisted knowledge construction models, assessment models, guidance models, and reflection strategies for cutting-edge context-aware ubiquitous learning. Moreover, a series of learning activities has been conducted to examine the effectiveness of the proposed learning strategies and models. Each year, more than 1,500 students have participated in the in-field learning activities with the designed approaches. Based on the results of a series of experiments, it was found that the students' learning performance as well as their in-field inquiry ability was significantly improved, showing the effectiveness of the Mindtool-assisted ubiquitous learning approach and the success of the MAIL project. In this paper, the background, objectives, theoretical foundations, systems, research issues, applications, and findings of the MAIL project are presented. Finally, the scaling-up plan for applying these research-proven learning models to all levels of educational settings in Taiwan is also addressed.
Cytokines Induce Both Necrosis and Apoptosis via a Common Bcl-2-Inhibitable Pathway in Rat Insulin-Producing Cells* (2000)

The presence of activated macrophages within pancreatic islets in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus suggests an involvement of beta-cell death by necrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequencies and mechanisms of cytokine-induced beta-cell apoptosis and necrosis and the possible protection mediated by the antiapoptotic gene bcl-2. A combination of interleukin-1beta, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increased both necrosis (17% of cells) and apoptosis (5% of cells) in isolated whole rat islets, as determined by vital staining and fluorescence microscopy. Hyperexpression of Bcl-2, achieved by stable transfection using a multicopy viral vector containing a bcl-2 complementary DNA in rat insulin-producing RINm5F cells, counteracted both apoptosis and necrosis. Cytokine-induced cleavage of the caspase-3 substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (which, in other cell types, may occur downstream or independently of a Bcl-2-preventable mitochondrial permeability transition) was observed in control- but neither in bcl-2-transfected cells nor in the presence of the iNOS inhibitor N(G)-methyl-L-arginine. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha alone did not clearly induce cell death or poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-cleavage. These findings suggest that cytokines induce both necrosis and apoptosis in insulin-producing cells via a common Bcl-2-preventable nitric oxide-dependent pathway, which may involve mitochondrial permeability transition. The necrosis:apoptosis ratio might be increased by a relative lack of caspase activity.
Suppression of hypoxia-associated vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression by nitric oxide via cGMP. (1999)

These data indicate that NO decreases hypoxia-induced VEGF via a cGMP-dependent mechanism and suggest that NO may serve as an endogenous inhibitor of both hypoxia- and non- hypoxia-enhanced VEGF expression in vivo.
Dynamic Vnodes - design and implementation (1995)

Dynamic vnodes make the UNIX kernel responsive to a varying demand for vnodes, without a need to rebuild the kernel. It also optimizes the usage of memory by deallocating excess vnodes. This paper describes the design and implementation of dynamic vnodes in DEC OSF/1 V3.0. The focus is on the vnode deallocation logic in a Symmetric Multi-Processing environment.

Deallocation of vnodes differs from the familiar concept of dynamically allocated data structures in the following ways: the legacy name-cache design implicitly assumes that vnodes are never deallocated, and the vnode free-list needs to cache unused vnodes effectively.
Living Cells as Test Tubes (2006)

The combination of specific probes and advanced optical microscopy now allows quantitative probing of biochemical reactions in living cells. On selected systems, one can detect and track a particular protein with single-molecule sensitivity, nanometer spatial precision, and millisecond time resolution. Metabolites, usually difficult to detect, can be imaged and monitored in living cells with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. Here, we describe the application of these techniques in studying gene expression, active transport, and lipid metabolism.
Lipopolysaccharide and monophosphoryl lipid A differentially regulate interleukin-12, gamma interferon, and interleukin-10 mRNA production in murine macrophages (1997)

Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) is a nontoxic derivative of the lipid A region of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is being developed as both an adjuvant and prophylactic drug for septic shock. We compared the ability of LPS and MPL to induce interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-12 p35, IL-12 p40, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression in murine peritoneal macrophages. These genes were chosen for their ability to positively or negatively regulate the host immune response and thus for their potential involvement in MPL-induced adjuvanticity or in its ability to protect against sepsis. LPS was a more potent inducer of IL-12 p35, IL-12 p40, and IFN-gamma mRNA, as well as of IL-12 protein, than MPL. In contrast, MPL induced higher levels of IL-10 mRNA than did LPS from 1 to 1,000 ng/ml. In general, MPL was not a more potent inducer of negative regulatory genes, since MPL and LPS induced similar levels of GR and IL-1ra mRNA. Addition of anti-IL-10 antibody to cultures increased the induction of MPL-induced IL-12 p35, IL-12 p40, and IFN-gamma mRNA, suggesting that the enhanced production of IL-10 by MPL-stimulated macrophages contributes to decreased production of mRNA for IL-12 (p35 and p40) and IFN-gamma. Conversely, the addition of exogenous IL-10 to LPS-treated macrophages reduced the mRNA expression of these cytokine genes. These studies suggest that enhanced production of IL-10 by MPL-stimulated macrophages may contribute to the reduced toxicity of MPL through its negative action on induction of cytokines shown to enhance endotoxicity.
Cytopathic and Plaque Assay of Rubella Virus in a Line of African Green Monkey Kidney Cells (Vero). (1967)

SummaryAn African green monkey kidney cell line (Vero) has been found to support growth of rubella virus. Cytopathic changes are pronounced and appear within 7 to 9 days after inoculation with 10-5 dilutions of the virus. Rubella virus also produced plaques in monolayer cultures of Vero cells under agar overlay. This cell system has been successful for the direct, reproducible titration of rubella virus and the demonstration of neutralizing antibody.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF COMPOUNDS WHICH INHIBIT THE FUNCTION OF THE THYROID GLAND11 (1945)

IN AN EARLIER STUDY 106 compounds were tested in rats for their capacity to interferewith the endocrine function of the thyroid gland. Each substance was administered to young rats bymixing it withthe food or drinking water in various concentrations. At the end of ten days the thyroid glands were examined grossly and microscopically for evidence of hypertrophy and hyperplasia,and the relative activities of the compounds were then roughly compared on the basis of the minimal dose required to produce a noticeable effect (Astwood, 1943). Although this assay method was sufficiently reliable to detect wide differences in activity and to form the basis for the selection of compounds such as thiouracil for clinical trial, it suffered the handicap of subjective criteria and no quantitative dosage-response relationship could be established. A more accurate and reproducible method based upon the weight and iodine concentration of the thyroid gland (Astwood & Bissell,1944) has been used in the present investigation.
Brute-force mining of high-confidence classification rules (1997)

This paper investigates a brute-force technique for mining classification rules from large data sets. We employ an association rule miner enhanced with new prun ing strategies to control combinatorial explosion in the number of candidates counted with each database pass. The approach effectively and efficiently extracts high confidence classification rules that apply to most if not all of the data in several classification benchmarks. Introduction Several data mining tasks require dividing up the entities of a database into various classes. Junk-mailers are wellknown users of classification technology, using it to avoid sending out flyers to persons unlikely to be interested in the product being promoted. The task requires a classifier that is usually automatically generated from a &amp;quot;training database &amp;quot; of pre-classified entities. Several approaches have appeared in the AI, statistics, and data-mining literature, and some methods made to scale to large data sets [Shafer et al. 96]. B...
Endoproteolysis by isolated membrane peptidases reveal metabolic stability of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs, exendins-3 and -4 (2002)

These in vitro studies aimed to characterize the pattern and the kinetics of endoproteolysis of the insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and related peptides by native ectopeptidases. Peptides were incubated with isolated rat or pig kidney brush-border microvilli membranes, which are a rich source of the ectopeptidases that are responsible for the post-secretory metabolism of peptide hormones. The proteolytic products were separated by reversed-phase HPLC column chromatography and characterised by molecular mass and primary structure. The relative importance of specific peptidases was established by measuring the effects of specific peptidase inhibitors on the kinetics of proteolysis. Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV was found to be rate-limiting in the endoproteolysis of GLP-1. GLP-1 homologs, exendins-3 and -4, exhibited exceptional stability in the presence of isolated kidney microvilli membranes. Our finding that exendin-4 is several orders of magnitude more stable than GLP-1 and Ser-8-GLP-1 is especially noteworthy given this peptide's widely reported insulinotropic potency.
Structural dependence of silver nanowires on polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) chain length (2014)

The effect of the chain length of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) on the structures of silver nanowires (AgNWs) is explored in this study. It was found in the experiments that PVP, when serving as a capping agent, has a great impact on the morphology and structure of AgNWs. By means of a series of experiments and the inquiry of the growth mechanism, the critical minimum PVP chain length for the successful formation of uniform nanowires was discovered, below which only nanoparticles or short nanorods can be obtained. Surprisingly, a core-shell structure of a nanowire with a polycrystal was observed when PVP with a very long chain length was employed in the processing.
Regional haemodynamic effects of human α‐ and β‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide in conscious Wistar rats (1989)

1. A comparative study was carried out to assess the regional haemodynamic effects of intravenous infusion of human alpha- and beta-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; 0.006, 0.06 and 0.6 nmol h-1) in conscious, unrestrained Wistar rats. 2. With human alpha-CGRP, tachycardia was always accompanied by a fall in mean arterial blood pressure (MBP), but human beta-CGRP at the middle dose caused tachycardia with no significant hypotension. 3. Human alpha- and beta-CGRP both caused dose-dependent falls in MBP accompanied by common carotid and hindquarters vasodilatations and increased flows. The highest dose of alpha- and beta-CGRP caused mesenteric vasoconstriction and renal vasodilatation, but the latter was not associated with an increase in flow. 4. With the intermediate dose, human alpha-CGRP caused more significant haemodynamic changes than did human beta-CGRP. In addition, comparison with previous experiments involving infusion of rat alpha-CGRP indicated that human alpha-CGRP had more potent haemodynamic effects than the former.