gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nutrition and postpartum rebreeding in cattle. (1990)

Body weight and condition score, although perhaps imprecise or subjective, are functional indicators of energy status and rebreeding performance after calving. Inadequate precalving and(or) postcalving energy or protein nutrition lowers pregnancy rates as well as first-service conception rates and extends postpartum intervals in suckled postpartum beef females. Normal nutritional regimens for dairy cows that are fed for maximal lactation do not exhibit long postpartum intervals or reduced fertility. Yet excessive protein intake may depress postpartum rebreeding performance, especially in older dairy cows. Feeding of ionophores, with increased ruminal propionate levels in the rumen, results in an earlier return to estrus postpartum. Underfeeding of the postpartum cow extends the period of ovarian inactivity. The underfed postpartum cow's lack of ovarian activity appears to be due to a suppression of the pulsatile release of LH from the anterior pituitary gland, which in turn is controlled by release of GnRH from the hypothalamus. Some metabolic compound(s) presumably act on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis as the nutritional state of the animal is altered.
Lottery and stride scheduling: flexible proportional-share resource management (1995)

This thesis presents flexible abstractions for specifying resource management policies, together with efficient mechanisms for implementing those abstractions. Several novel scheduling tech-niques are introduced, including both randomized and deterministic algorithms that provide proportional-share control over resource consumption rates. Such control is beyond the capa-bilities of conventional schedulers, and is desirable across a broad spectrum of systems that service clients of varying importance. Proportional-share scheduling is examined for several diverse resources, including processor time, memory, access to locks, and disk bandwidth. Resource rights are encapsulated by abstract, first-class objects called tickets. An active client consumes resources at a rate proportional to the number of tickets that it holds. Tickets can be issued in different amounts and may be transferred between clients. A modular currency abstraction is also introduced to flexibly name, share, and protect sets of tickets. Currencies can be used to isolate or group sets of clients, enabling the modular composition of arbitrary resource management policies. Two different underlying mechanisms are introduced to support these abstractions. Lottery
Tunable optical single-sideband modulator with complete sideband suppression (2009)

We report on the development of a new class of widely tunable resonant single-sideband electro-optical modulators based on interaction of different mode families of a crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator with an externally applied rf field. The tunability comes from the different response of mode families to either the temperature change or the voltage applied to the resonator.
Clinical Chronopharmacology: The Importance of Time in Drug Treatment (2007)

Nearly all functions of the body, including those influencing pharmacokinetic parameters such as drug absorption and distribution, drug metabolism and renal elimination, show significant daily variations: these include liver metabolism, hepatic blood flow and the first-pass effect; glomerular filtration, renal plasma flow and urine volume and pH; blood pressure, heart rate and organ perfusion rates; acid secretion in the gastro-intestinal tract and gastric emptying time. The onset and symptoms of diseases such as asthma attacks, coronary infarction, angina pectoris, stroke and ventricular tachycardia are circadian phase dependent. In humans, variations during the 24 h day in pharmacokinetics (chrono-pharmacokinetics) have been shown for cardiovascularly active drugs (propranolol, nifedipine, verapamil, enalapril, isosorbide 5-mononitrate and digoxin), anti-asthmatics (theophylline and terbutaline), anticancer drugs, psychotropics, analgesics, local anaesthetics and antibiotics, to mention but a few. Even more drugs have been shown to display significant variations in their effects throughout the day (chronopharmacodynamics and chronotoxicology) even after chronic application or constant infusion. Moreover, there is clear evidence that even dose/concentration-response relationships can be significantly modified by the time of day. Thus, circadian time has to be taken into account as an important variable influencing a drug's pharmacokinetics and its effects or side-effects.
Chemical basis of glycine riboswitch cooperativity (2007)

The glycine binding riboswitch forms a unique tandem aptamer structure that binds glycine cooperatively. We employed nucleotide analog interference mapping (NAIM) and mutagenesis to explore the chemical basis of glycine riboswitch cooperativity. Based on the interference pattern, at least two sites appear to facilitate cooperative tertiary interactions, namely, the minor groove of the P1 helix from aptamer 1 and the major groove of the P3a helix from both aptamers. Mutation of these residues altered both the cooperativity and binding affinity of the riboswitch. The data support a model in which the P1 helix of the first aptamer participates in a tertiary interaction important for cooperativity, while nucleotides in the P1 helix of the second aptamer interface with the expression platform. These data have direct analogy to well-characterized mutations in hemoglobin, which provides a framework for considering cooperativity in this RNA-based system.
Virulence of a Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 mutant defective in the prtH gene (1995)

In a previous study we cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the prtH gene from Porphyromonas gingivalis W83. This gene specifies a 97-kDa protease which is normally found in the membrane vesicles produced by P. gingivalis and which cleaves the C3 complement protein under defined conditions. We developed a novel ermF-ermAM antibiotic resistance gene cassette, which was used with the cloned prtH gene to prepare an insertionally inactivated allele of this gene. This genetic construct was introduced by electroporation into P. gingivalis W83 in order to create a protease-deficient mutant by recombinational allelic exchange. The mutant strain, designated V2296, was compared with the parent strain W83 for proteolytic activity and virulence. Extracellular protein preparations from V2296 showed decreased proteolytic activity compared with preparations from W83. Casein substrate zymography revealed that the 97-kDa proteolytic component as well as a 45-kDa protease was missing in the mutant. In in vivo experiments using a mouse model, V2296 was dramatically reduced in virulence compared with the wild-type W83 strain. A molecular survey of several clinical isolates of P. gingivalis using the prtH gene as a probe suggested that prtH gene sequences were conserved and that they may have been present in multiple copies. Two of 10 isolates did not hybridize with the prtH gene probe. These strains, like the V2296 mutant, also displayed decreased virulence in the mouse model. Taken together, these results suggest an important role for P. gingivalis proteases in soft tissue infections and specifically indicate that the prtH gene product is a virulence factor.
Liquid-Based Papanicolaou Tests in Endometrial Carcinoma Diagnosis (2012)

Recent reports show that the sensitivity of endometrial carcinoma detection on liquid-based Papanicolaou (Pap) tests (88%) is considerably higher than that reported on conventional Pap smears (20%-30%), although few laboratories have corroborated these results. We performed a 5-year retrospective review of all liquid-based Pap tests (n = 69) in women who later were given a diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma, performed error root cause analysis, and developed quality improvement initiatives as a means of error reduction. The original and rescreened Pap test sensitivity rates for endometrial carcinoma were 31.9% and 59.3%, respectively. Root cause analysis showed that poor specimen quality and cognitive failures contributed to a false-negative error in 67% (18/27) and 59% (16/27), respectively, of all cases. System analysis showed that latent factors contributing to error included lack of redundant and educational systems. We conclude that system redesign of liquid-based Pap test screening processes has the potential to improve sensitivity in endometrial carcinoma diagnosis.
Linking and messaging from real paper in the Paper PDA (1999)

It is well known that paper is a very fluid, natural, and easy to use medium for manipulating some kinds of information. It is familiar, portable, flexible, inexpensive, and offers good readability properties. Paper also has well known limitations when compared with electronic media. Work in hybrid paper electronic interfaces seeks to bring electronic capabilities to real paper in order to obtain the best properties of each. This paper describes a hybrid paper electronic system — the Paper PDA — which is designed to allow electronic capabilities to be employed within a conventional paper notebook, calendar, or organizer. The Paper PDA is based on a simple observation: a paper notebook can be synchronized with a body of electronic information much like an electronic PDA can be synchronized with information hosted on a personal computer. This can be accomplished by scanning, recognizing and processing its contents, then printing a new copy. This paper introduces the Paper PDA concept and considers interaction techniques and applications designed to work within the Paper PDA. The StickerLink technique supports on-paper hyperlinking using removable paper stickers. Two applications are also considered which look at aspects of electronic communications via the Paper PDA.
Structure and neutrophil-activating properties of a novel inflammatory peptide (ENA-78) with homology to interleukin 8. (1991)

A new neutrophil-activating peptide, termed ENA-78, was identified in the conditioned media of stimulated human type II epithelial cell line A549. In response to stimulation with either interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), ENA-78 was produced and secreted concomitantly with IL-8, GRO alpha, and GRO gamma. ENA-78 consists of 78 amino acids [sequence; see text] and has a molecular weight of 8,357. It has four cysteines positioned identically to those of IL-8 and analogues, and thus belongs to the CXC family of peptides. ENA-78 is related to neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2) and GRO alpha (sequence identity, 53% and 52%, respectively) and IL-8 (22% identity). Like NAP-2 and GRO alpha, ENA-78 stimulates neutrophils, inducing chemotaxis, a rise in intracellular free calcium and exocytosis. Cross-desensitization experiments indicate that ENA-78 acts through the same type of receptors as IL-8, NAP-2, and GRO alpha.
Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus infection and hormonal pathways: enhancement of calcium-induced but reduction of glucocorticoid-induced cell death (1993)

We examined the effect of chronic human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection on the growth of human leukemic CEM T cells exposed to compounds which act through several major hormone or hormone-like signal transduction systems. Three were not altered by HIV-1 infection. Micromolar 8-bromo-cAMP inhibited cell growth equally in uninfected and infected cells. At the concentrations tested, neither (Bu)2cAMP nor the stimulator of protein kinase C, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, altered the growth of infected or uninfected cells. The synthetic prostaglandin analog enisoprost also inhibited both equally. However, responses to two basic signal transduction systems, calcium uptake and the glucocorticoid pathway, were influenced by HIV infection. In chronically HIV-infected cells increased sensitivity to lysis by the calcium ionophore A23187 was observed. Additionally, the infected cells contained reduced amounts of glucocorticoid receptor sites and showed a statistically significant shift toward resistance to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis.
New Appendix Criteria Open for a Broader Concept of Chronic Migraine (2006)

After the introduction of chronic migraine and medication overuse headache as diagnostic entities in The International Classification of Headache Disorders, Second Edition, ICHD-2, it has been shown that very few patients fit into the diagnostic criteria for chronic migraine (CM). The system of being able to use CM and the medication overuse headache (MOH) diagnosis only after discontinuation of overuse has proven highly unpractical and new data have suggested a much more liberal use of these diagnoses. The International Headache Classification Committee has, therefore, worked out the more inclusive criteria for CM and MOH presented in this paper. These criteria are included in the appendix of ICHD-2 and are meant primarily for further scientific evaluation but may be used already now for inclusion into drug trials, etc. It is now recommended that the MOH diagnosis should no longer request improvement after discontinuation of medication overuse but should be given to patients if they have a primary headache plus ongoing medication overuse. The latter is defined as previously, i.e. 10 days or more of intake of triptans, ergot alkaloids mixed analgesics or opioids and 15 days or more of analgesics/NSAIDs or the combined use of more than one substance. If these new criteria for CM and MOH prove useful in future testing, the plan is to include them in a future revised version of ICHD-2.
Selective peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α modulator K‐877 efficiently activates the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α pathway and improves lipid metabolism in mice (2017)

The present data show that K-877 is an attractive PPARα-modulating drug and can efficiently reduce plasma triglyceride levels, thereby alleviating the dysregulation of lipid metabolism.
Localization of the lysine epsilon-aminotransferase (lat) and delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase (pcbAB) genes from Streptomyces clavuligerus and production of lysine epsilon-aminotransferase activity in Escherichia coli (1991)

Lysine epsilon-aminotransferase (LAT) in the beta-lactam-producing actinomycetes is considered to be the first step in the antibiotic biosynthetic pathway. Cloning of restriction fragments from Streptomyces clavuligerus, a beta-lactam producer, into Streptomyces lividans, a nonproducer that lacks LAT activity, led to the production of LAT in the host. DNA sequencing of restriction fragments containing the putative lat gene revealed a single open reading frame encoding a polypeptide with an approximately Mr 49,000. Expression of this coding sequence in Escherichia coli led to the production of LAT activity. Hence, LAT activity in S. clavuligerus is derived from a single polypeptide. A second open reading frame began immediately downstream from lat. Comparison of this partial sequence with the sequences of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D valine (ACV) synthetases from Penicillium chrysogenum and Cephalosporium acremonium and with nonribosomal peptide synthetases (gramicidin S and tyrocidine synthetases) found similarities among the open reading frames. Since mapping of the putative N and C termini of S. clavuligerus pcbAB suggests that the coding region occupies approximately 12 kbp and codes for a polypeptide related in size to the fungal ACV synthetases, the molecular characterization of the beta-lactam biosynthetic cluster between pcbC and cefE (approximately 25 kbp) is nearly complete.
Effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) chain length on interactions of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein and its bioactive 23-kilodalton NH2-terminal fragment with isolated LPS and intact Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli (1994)

The target-specific cytotoxicity for gram-negative bacteria and the endotoxin-neutralizing activity of the 55-kDa bactericidal/Permeability-increasing protein (BPI) and its bioactive 23-kDa NH2-terminal fragment depend on the strong attraction of BPI for the lipid A region of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We have shown before that smooth gram-negative bacteria with long-chain LPS are more resistant to BPI (especially holo-BPI) than are rough strains. It has been suggested that the high BPI resistance of some gram-negative bacteria, such as Proteus mirabilis, might also reflect the structural diversity of lipid A. To explore this possibility, we compared the antibacterial activity and binding of natural and recombinant holo-BPI and a recombinant NH2-terminal fragment (rBPI-23) to an isogenic rough (Re-LPS chemotype) and a smooth (S-LPS chemotype) strain of P. mirabilis and to LPS isolated from the two strains. Holo-BPI and rBPI-23 were both potently active against the Re strain of P. mirabilis (90% lethal dose, 20 nM). In contrast, the smooth strain was > or = 100 times more resistant to holo-BPI but only 10 times more resistant to rBPI-23. rBPI-23 was also more potent against several Escherichia coli strains from clinical bacteremia isolates. Differences in the antibacterial potency of BPI toward the Re and S strains of P. mirabilis correlated with differences in the binding of holo-BPI and rBPI-23 to these bacteria. In contrast, the binding of biosynthetically (in vitro transcribed and translated) 35S-labeled holo-BPI and NH2-terminal fragment to isolated Re- and S-LPS from P. mirabilis in solution was similar. Moreover, in the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay, holo-BPI and rBPI-23 potently neutralized both forms of LPS with equal effectiveness. Together, these results strongly suggest that BPI recognizes Proteus lipid A and that the relative resistance of (smooth) P. mirabilis to holo-BPI is due to the inhibitory effect of long polysaccharide chains of tightly packed LPS in the envelope.
Hemostasis and Thrombosis (1995)

Colman, R. W.; Hirsch, J.; Marder, V. J.; Salzman, E. W.; Lippincott Company, J. B.; Francis, J. L. Author Information
Computational prediction of the cross‐reactive neutralizing epitope corresponding to the monoclonal antibody b12 specific for HIV‐1 gp120 (2006)

Backtracking from antibodies to their corresponding epitopes is a rational approach for vaccine design. Here we apply such a reverse immunological strategy for mapping the cross-reactive neutralizing epitope corresponding to the monoclonal antibody (mAb) b12 specific for HIV-1 gp120. b12 was used to screen a combinatorial phage display random peptide library and nineteen 12mer cysteine-looped peptides were affinity purified. These were used as input for analysis with the predictive algorithm Mapitope. Based on the input panel of peptides and the antigen's atomic structure, Mapitope predicts candidate epitopes on the surface of the antigen. Two major clusters were predicted as candidate b12 epitopes. These could be discriminated by a series of experiments, which included point mutagenesis of selected residues and binding assays. Moreover, the prediction of the b12 epitope was further strengthened by comparison with additional predictions for two competing antibodies, b6 and m14. Finally, support of our prediction was obtained in view of the fact that b12, m14, and b6 were found to compete against mAb 17b binding to gp120. The b12 epitope is predicted to consist of four peptide segments of gp120 (residues V254-T257, D368-F376, E381-Y384, and I420-I424), which lie at the periphery of the CD4 binding site.
Reovirus reverse genetics: Incorporation of theCATgene into the reovirus genome (2001)

We have modified the infectious reovirus RNA system so as to generate a reovirus reverse genetics system. The system consists of (i) the plus strands of nine wild-type reovirus genome segments; (ii) transcripts of the genetically modified cDNA form of the tenth genome segment; and (iii) a cell line transformed so as to express the protein normally encoded by the tenth genome segment. In the work described here, we have generated a serotype 3 reovirus into the S2 double-stranded RNA genome segment of which the CAT gene has been cloned. The virus is stable, replicates in cells that have been transformed (so as to express the S2 gene product, protein final sigma 2), and expresses high levels of CAT activity. This technology can be extended to members of the orbivirus and rotavirus genera. This technology provides a powerful system for basic studies of double-stranded RNA virus replication; a nonpathogenic viral vector that replicates to high titers and could be used for clinical applications; and a system for providing nonselectable viral variants (the result of mutations, insertions, and deletions) that could be valuable for the construction of viral vaccine strains against human and animal pathogens.
Iron Losses in Electrical Machines - Influence of Material Properties, Manufacturing Processes, and Inverter Operation (2014)

As the major electricity consumer, electrical machines play a key role for global energy savings. Machine manufacturers put considerable efforts into the development of more efficient electrical machines for loss reduction and higher power density achievements. A consolidated knowledge of the occurring losses in electrical machines is a basic requirement for efficiency improvements. This thesis deals with iron losses in electrical machines. The major focus is on the influences of the stator core magnetic material due to the machine manufacturing process, temperature influences, and the impact of inverter operation. The first part of the thesis gives an overview of typical losses in electrical machines, with focus put on iron losses. Typical models for predicting iron losses in magnetic materials are presented in a comprehensive literature study. A broad comparison of magnetic materials and the introduction of a new material selection tool conclude this part. Next to the typically used silicon-iron lamination alloys for electrical machines, this thesis investigates also cobalt-iron and nickel-iron lamination sheets. These materials have superior magnetic properties in terms of saturation magnetization and hysteresis losses compared to silicon-iron alloys. The second and major part of the thesis introduces the developed measurement system of this project and presents experimental iron loss investigations. Influences due to machine manufacturing changes are studied, including punching, stacking and welding effects. Furthermore, the effect of pulse-width modulation schemes on the iron losses and machine performance is examined experimentally and with finite-element method simulations. For nickel-iron lamination sheets, a special focus is put on the temperature dependency, since the magnetic characteristics and iron losses change considerably with increasing temperature. Furthermore, thermal stress-relief processes (annealing) are examined for cobalt-iron and nickel-iron alloys by magnetic measurements and microscopic analysis. A thermal method for local iron loss measurements is presented in the last part of the thesis, together with experimental validation on an outer-rotor permanent magnet synchronous machine.
Incidence and Characteristics of Coronary Artery Spasms Related to Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Procedures : Large-Scale Multicenter Analysis (2022)

Coronary artery spasms (CASs), which can cause angina attacks and sudden death, have been recently reported during catheter ablation. The aim of the present study was to report the incidence, characteristics, and prognosis of CASs related to atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedures.