gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of white spot lesions in orthodontic practice: a contemporary review (2006)

The development of white spot demineralization associated with fixed appliance orthodontic treatment is a significant clinical problem. Both established and experimental methods for prevention of such lesions in day-to-day clinical practice are presented and discussed.
Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Rationally Designed Vehicles for Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery (2008)

A novel single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-based tumor-targeted drug delivery system (DDS) has been developed, which consists of a functionalized SWNT linked to tumor-targeting modules as well as prodrug modules. There are three key features of this nanoscale DDS: (a) use of functionalized SWNTs as a biocompatible platform for the delivery of therapeutic drugs or diagnostics, (b) conjugation of prodrug modules of an anticancer agent (taxoid with a cleavable linker) that is activated to its cytotoxic form inside the tumor cells upon internalization and in situ drug release, and (c) attachment of tumor-recognition modules (biotin and a spacer) to the nanotube surface. To prove the efficacy of this DDS, three fluorescent and fluorogenic molecular probes were designed, synthesized, characterized, and subjected to the analysis of the receptor-mediated endocytosis and drug release inside the cancer cells (L1210FR leukemia cell line) by means of confocal fluorescence microscopy. The specificity and cytotoxicity of the conjugate have also been assessed and compared with L1210 and human noncancerous cell lines. Then, it has unambiguously been proven that this tumor-targeting DDS works exactly as designed and shows high potency toward specific cancer cell lines, thereby forming a solid foundation for further development.
Enzyme Immunoassay of Blasticidin S with High Sensitivity: A New and Convenient Method for Preparation of Immunogenic (Hapten-Protein) Conjugates (1982)

An antibody against blasticidin S (BLS), an antibiotic effective for blast disease of rice, has been produced in rabbits immunized with a blasticidin S-protein conjugate prepared by a novel and convenient procedure devised to couple BLS to bovine serum albumin (BSA) after sodium borohydride reduction of its disulfide bonds, using N-(m-maleimidobenzoyloxy)succinimide (MBS) as a cross-linker. BLS-MBS-BSA conjugate contained about 16 BLS per BSA molecule. Enzyme labeling of BLS with beta-D-galactosidase was performed by utilizing another cross-linker, N-(gamma-maleimidobutyryloxy)succinimide by means of a convenient labeling method which we introduced last year. A double antibody enzyme immunoassay of BLS which could determine as little as 100 pg per tube of BLS was developed using labeled BLS and anti-BLS antiserum. Various commonly used drugs were found to have little reactivity in this immunoassay, indicating that the anti-BLS produced is highly specific. The titer of the anti-BLS was excellent and 10,000,000-fold diluted solution could bind with the enzyme labeled BLS.
Asymmetric Catalysis with “Planar-Chiral” Derivatives of 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine (2004)

Whereas chiral Lewis acid catalysis has been intensively investigated, chiral Lewis base (nucleophilic) catalysis has been comparatively neglected. We have developed "planar-chiral" derivatives of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP), a highly versatile nucleophilic catalyst, that are effective in a diverse array of processes, including the Staudinger synthesis of beta-lactams, the acylation of silyl ketene acetals, and the kinetic resolution of amines.
Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis inducing T-cell anergy (2005)

We studied the immunoregulatory features of murine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and in vivo. MSCs inhibited T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent and -independent proliferation but did not induce apoptosis on T cells. Such inhibition was paired with a decreased interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production and was partially reversed by interleukin-2 (IL-2). Thus, we used MSCs to treat myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6J mice. We injected intravenously 1 x 10(6) MSCs before disease onset (preventive protocol) and at different time points after disease occurrence (therapeutic protocol). MSC administration before disease onset strikingly ameliorated EAE. The therapeutic scheme was effective when MSCs were administered at disease onset and at the peak of disease but not after disease stabilization. Central nervous system (CNS) pathology showed decreased inflammatory infiltrates and demyelination in mice that received transplants of MSCs. T-cell response to MOG and mitogens from MSC-treated mice was inhibited and restored by IL-2 administration. Upon MSC transfection with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), eGFP(+) cells were detected in the lymphoid organs of treated mice. These data suggest that the immunoregulatory properties of MSCs effectively interfere with the autoimmune attack in the course of EAE inducing an in vivo state of T-cell unresponsiveness occurring within secondary lymphoid organs.
Enhanced Stability of LiCoO[sub 2] Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Surface Modification by Atomic Layer Deposition (2009)

Enhanced Stability of LiCoO2 Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Surface Modification by Atomic Layer Deposition, Jung, Yoon Seok, Cavanagh, Andrew S., Dillon, Anne C., Groner, Markus D., George, Steven M., Lee, Se-Hee
The story of taxol: nature and politics in the pursuit of an anti-cancer drug (2001)

Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction Part I. Agents: 1. Cancer chemotherapy: plant knowledge and practice Part II. Practices: 2. Act I: 1962-75 3. Act II: 1976-83 4. Act III: 1984-9 Part III. Controversies: 5. The politics of exclusivity and the business of taxol 6. The political life (and death) of Taxus Brevifolia References and bibliography Index.
Complexation of alkali metal cations by conformationally rigid, stereoisomeric calix[4]arene crown ethers: a quantitative evaluation of preorganization (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplexation of alkali metal cations by conformationally rigid, stereoisomeric calix[4]arene crown ethers: a quantitative evaluation of preorganizationEleonora Ghidini, Franco Ugozzoli, Rocco Ungaro, Sybolt Harkema, A. Abu El-Fadl, and David N. ReinhoudtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 19, 6979–6985Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00175a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00175a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1149Altmetric-Citations321LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Epicardial Atrial Fibrillation Ablation (2008)

Since the fi rst Cox maze procedure was performed in 1987, the success of the surgery has consistently been demonstrated by surgeons at many institutions. Despite the impressive outcomes, this surgery has not been widely adopted because of the complexity of the procedure. Development of energy sources to produce scar lines that replace the “cut-and-sew” incisions has generated interest in development of minimally invasive beating heart surgical approaches. Using these energy sources with only an epicardial, off-pump approach is still in the early state but is an area of intense clinical investigation. Hybrid approaches combine surgical epicardial ablation with endocardial catheter ablation by electrophysiologists to perform more of the Cox maze lesions and utilize mapping to ablate gaps. While early follow-up data suggest success rates of 85%, lesion sets to provide the best outcome are not yet defi ned. Data on the long-term effectiveness of these approaches are not yet available.
Variational methods for conditional multimodal deep learning (2017)

In this paper, we address the problem of conditional modality learning, whereby one is interested in generating one modality given the other. While it is straightforward to learn a joint distribution over multiple modalities using a deep multi-modal architecture, we observe that such models are not very effective at conditional generation. Hence, we address the problem by learning conditional distributions between the modalities. We use variational methods for maximizing the corresponding conditional log-likelihood. The resultant deep model, which we refer to as conditional multimodal autoencoder (CMMA), forces the latent representation obtained from a single modality alone to be `close' to the joint representation obtained from multiple modalities. We use the proposed model to generate faces from attributes. We show that the faces generated from attributes using the proposed model are qualitatively and quantitatively more representative of the attributes from which they were generated, than those obtained by other deep generative models. We also propose a secondary task, whereby the existing faces are modified by modifying the corresponding attributes. We observe that the modifications in face introduced by the proposed model are representative of the corresponding modifications in attributes.
Thermal and Mechanical Evaluations of a Cost-Effective Plastic Ball Grid Array Package (1997)

The temperature distribution and thermal resistance of a facedown PBGA (Plastic Ball Grid Array) package assembled on a FR-4 epoxy glass PCB (Printed Circuit Board) are presented. By varying the thickness of the copper heat spreader and organic substrate, an optimum PBGA package is designed. The effect of power and ground planes in the PCB and the size of PCB on the thermal performance of the PBGA is also given. Furthermore, the warpage (deflection) of the package under thermal loading is predicted.
Characteristics of Methane Conversion under Combined Reactions of Solid Catalyst with Microwave Plasma (2006)

This study focuses on the reaction characteristics of active hydrocarbon species mainly composed of methine radicals and active hydrogen species mainly composed of hydrogen radicals, to both of which methane as a raw material is converted by microwave irradiation to create plasma that comes into contact with the Pt/Al2O3 catalysis field. The results indicate that when 4 chemical species, i.e., active hydrocarbon species, active hydrogen species, acetylene molecules (produced by coupling of the active species) and hydrogen molecules are supplied to the solid catalyst, an increase in catalyst surface temperature facilitates apparent hydrogenation on the surface of the catalyst and thereby increases the yields of ethylene and ethane. It also appears that addition of hydrogen molecules to microwave-irradiated methane causes significant hydrogenation at 500 K or lower.
Finite State Machine IP Watermarking: A Tutorial (2006)

Sharing intellectual property (IP) blocks in today's competitive market poses significant high security risks. In this paper, we present a tutorial for a watermarking approach based on the embedding of the ownership proof as part of the IP design's finite state machine (FSM). It utilizes coinciding as well as unused transitions in the state transition graph of the design. Based on this approach, we have developed a robust watermarking framework, used for copyright protection. The developed technique increases the robustness of the watermark and allows a secure implementation, hence enabling the development of the first public-key IP watermarking scheme at the FSM level. In order to integrate these algorithms in the design cycle of industrial projects, we extend the above techniques to enable the watermarking of hierarchical finite state machines (HFSMs)
Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits lipolysis in weight-losing cancer patients as well as in healthy volunteers (1998)

Zuijdgeest-van Leeuwen, S. D.1; Dagnelie, P. C.1,2; Rietveld, T.1; Wattimena, J. L.D.1; Swart, G. R.1; van den Berg, J. W.O.1; Wilson, J. H.P.1 Author Information
Task-Related Training Improves Performance of Seated Reaching Tasks After Stroke (1997)

This study provides strong evidence of the efficacy of task-related motor training in improving the ability to balance during seated reaching activities after stroke.
Complementation of plant mutants with large genomic DNA fragments by a transformation-competent artificial chromosome vector accelerates positional cloning (1999)

To accelerate gene isolation from plants by positional cloning, vector systems suitable for both chromosome walking and genetic complementation are highly desirable. Therefore, we developed a transformation-competent artificial chromosome (TAC) vector, pYLTAC7, that can accept and maintain large genomic DNA fragments stably in both Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Furthermore, it has the cis sequences required for Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer into plants. We cloned large genomic DNA fragments of Arabidopsis thaliana into the vector and showed that most of the DNA fragments were maintained stably. Several TAC clones carrying 40- to 80-kb genomic DNA fragments were transferred back into Arabidopsis with high efficiency and shown to be inherited faithfully among the progeny. Furthermore, we demonstrated the practical utility of this vector system for positional cloning in Arabidopsis. A TAC contig was constructed in the region of the SGR1 locus, and individual clones with ca. 80-kb inserts were tested for their ability to complement the gravitropic defects of a homozygous mutant line. Successful complementation enabled the physical location of SGR1 to be delimited with high precision and confidence.
Altered PGE2 and PGF2 alpha production by glomeruli and papilla of sodium-depleted and sodium-loaded rats (1981)

Prostaglandin (PG) E2 and F2 alpha synthesis by isolated glomeruli and papillary homogenates prepared from control, salt-loaded, and salt-depleted rats was measured in vitro with and without added arachidonic acid using specific radioimmunoassays. Glomeruli from salt-depleted rats synthesized less PGE2 and more PGF2 alpha than glomeruli from control rats under both conditions. The effect of sodium restriction could be attributed to stimulation of glomerular 9-keto-PGE2 reductase activity unrelated to a change in the concentration of this enzyme. High salt diet had no effect on PG synthesis by glomeruli. Papillary homogenates prepared from salt-loaded rats synthesized more PGE2 than those from control rats both with and without added arachidonic acid. This finding suggests an effect of high salt diet at a stage further than phospholipid deacylation. Low salt diet had no effect on PG synthesis by papillary homogenates. The physiological control of PG synthesis in response to changes in the NaCl content of the diet is, therefore, different for the glomeruli and the papilla.
Chronic wounds and the medical biofilm paradigm (2010)

There is a growing recognition that biofilms are the principal cause of wound chronicity. The development of treatments for wound biofilms raises the prospect that chronic wounds can be treated, potentially saving many patients' lives.
PYM: a new, affordable, image-based method using a Raspberry Pi to phenotype plant leaf area in a wide diversity of environments (2017)

The imaging device described here has several benefits, such as affordability, low cost, reliability and flexibility for online analysis and storage. It should be easily appropriated and customized to meet the needs of various users.
Effectiveness of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics in treatment of adult insomnia: meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (2012)

Compared with placebo, Z drugs produce slight improvements in subjective and polysomnographic sleep latency, especially with larger doses and regardless of type of drug. Although the drug effect and the placebo response were rather small and of questionable clinical importance, the two together produced to a reasonably large clinical response.
Direct multiplex sequencing (DMPS)—a novel method for targeted high-throughput sequencing of ancient and highly degraded DNA (2009)

Although the emergence of high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled whole-genome sequencing from extinct organisms, little progress has been made in accelerating targeted sequencing from highly degraded DNA. Here, we present a novel and highly sensitive method for targeted sequencing of ancient and degraded DNA, which couples multiplex PCR directly with sample barcoding and high-throughput sequencing. Using this approach, we obtained a 96% complete mitochondrial genome data set from 31 cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) samples using only two 454 Life Sciences (Roche) GS FLX runs. In contrast to previous studies relying only on short sequence fragments, the overlapping portion of our data comprises almost 10 kb of replicated mitochondrial genome sequence, allowing for the unambiguous differentiation of three major cave bear clades. Our method opens up the opportunity to simultaneously generate many kilobases of overlapping sequence data from large sets of difficult samples, such as museum specimens, medical collections, or forensic samples. Embedded in our approach, we present a new protocol for the construction of barcoded sequencing libraries, which is compatible with all current high-throughput technologies and can be performed entirely in plate setup.
Production and Titration of Lentiviral Vectors (2006)

Lentiviral vectors have emerged over the last decade as powerful, reliable and safe tools for stable gene transfer in a wide variety of mammalian cells. Unlike other vectors derived from oncoretroviruses, they allow for stable gene delivery into most nondividing primary cells, including neurons. This is why LVs are becoming the most useful and promising tools in the field of neuroscience, not only for research, but also for future gene and cell therapy approaches. Lentivectors (LVs) derived from HIV-1 have gradually evolved to display many desirable features aimed at increasing both their safety and their versatility. These latest designs are reviewed in this unit. This unit also describes protocols for production and titration of LVs that can be implemented in a research laboratory setting, with an emphasis on standardization to improve transposability of results between laboratories.
Circadian rhythms in a nutshell (2000)

Living organisms on this planet have adapted to the daily rotation of the earth on its axis. By means of endogenous circadian clocks that can be synchronized to the daily and seasonal changes in external time cues, most notably light and temperature, life forms anticipate environmental transitions, perform activities at biologically advantageous times during the day, and undergo characteristic seasonal responses. The effects of transmeridian flight and shift work are stark reminders that although modern technologies can create "cities that never sleep" we cannot escape the recalcitrance of endogenous clocks that regulate much of our physiology and behavior. Moreover, malfunctions in the human circadian timing system are implicated in several disorders, including chronic sleep disorders in the elderly, manic-depression, and seasonal affective disorders (SAD or winter depression). Recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms has been remarkable. In its most basic form, circadian clocks are comprised of a set of proteins that, by virtue of the design principles involved, generate a self-sustaining transcriptional-translational feedback loop with a free-running period of about 24 h. One or more of the clock components is acutely sensitive to light, resulting in an oscillator that can be synchronized to local time. This review provides an overview of the roles circadian clocks play in nature, how they might have arisen, human health concerns related to clock dysfunction, and mainly focuses on the clockworks found in Drosophila and mice, the two best studied animal model systems for understanding the biochemical and cellular bases of circadian rhythms.
Hydrolysis of diazomethane-kinetics and mechanism (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of diazomethane-kinetics and mechanismJohn F. McGarrity and Timothy SmythCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 24, 7303–7308Publication Date (Print):November 19, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00544a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00544a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views733Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts