gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of the Aspartase Gene of Pseudomonas fluorescens1 (1986)

The aspartase gene (aspA) of Pseudomonas fluorescens was cloned and the nucleotide sequence of the 2,066-base-pair DNA fragment containing the aspA gene was determined. The amino acid sequence of the protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence was confirmed by N- and C-terminal sequence analysis of the purified enzyme protein. The deduced amino acid composition also fitted the previous amino acid analysis results well (Takagi et al. (1984) J. Biochem. 96, 545-552). These results indicate that aspartase of P. fluorescens consists of four identical subunits with a molecular weight of 50,859, composed of 472 amino acid residues. The coding sequence of the gene was preceded by a potential Shine-Dalgarno sequence and by a few promoter-like structures. Following the stop codon there was a structure which is reminiscent of the Escherichia coli rho-independent terminator. The G + C content of the coding sequence was found to be 62.3%. Inspection of the codon usage for the aspA gene revealed as high as 80.0% preference for G or C at the third codon position. The deduced amino acid sequence was 56.3% homologous with that of the enzyme of E. coli W (Takagi et al. (1985) Nucl. Acids Res. 13, 2063-2074). Cys-140 and Cys-430 of the E. coli enzyme, which had been assigned as functionally essential (Ida & Tokushige (1985) J. Biochem. 98, 793-797), were substituted by Ala-140 and Ala-431, respectively, in the P. fluorescens enzyme.
Effect of Androgens upon Libido in Women (1943)

DURING the course of the therapeutic administration of androgens for various endocrinopathic gynecologic disorders during the past five years, the observation was made that libido was apparently increased in a number of the women being treated (1). Our attention was first drawn to this phenomenon in 1937 by an ovariectomized woman, suffering from the menopause syndrome, who was being treated experimentally with testosterone propionate. During the course of treatment the patient volunteered the information that she had experienced resurgence of sexual desire after a period of quiescence of some ten years. Since then we have been conducting a series of studies to determine the effect of various sterol sex hormones upon the psychosexual reactions of women. The present report is based on our observations of a series of 101 women comprising the following groups. Group A. Twenty-nine cases of primary frigidity which were being treated for some apparently unrelated gynecologic disorder: dysmenorrhea, 6 cases; menometrorrhagia, 16 cases; polymenorrhea, 3 cases; premenstrual tension, 4 cases. Group B.
MsmE, a lipoprotein involved in sugar transport in Streptococcus mutans (1993)

Metabolic labelling by [14C]palmitic acid showed that growth of Streptococcus mutans LT11 in raffinose, an inducer of the msm operon, resulted in increased production of a 45-kDa lipoprotein corresponding to MsmE, which is believed to be a sugar-binding protein. MsmE was also labelled when an msmE clone was expressed in Escherichia coli. The presence of a lipid anchor on MsmE provides a likely explanation of how the sugar-binding protein component of the msm binding protein-dependent multiple sugar transport system is retained at the cell surface.
A Simple and Rapid Method for Genetic Transformation of Lactic Streptococci by Electroporation (1988)

An electroporation procedure for the plasmid-mediated genetic transformation of intact cells of Streptococcus cremoris and Streptococcus lactis was performed. Ten different strains were transformed. The method was simple and rapid and yielded transformant colonies in 14 to 24 h. The method was optimized for S. lactis LM0230, and transformation frequencies of between 1 x 10 and 5 x 10 transformants per mug of purified plasmid (pMU1328) were achieved routinely. The optimized procedure involved lysozyme treatment of cells. Transformation of LM0230 occurred at comparable frequencies with pLS1 (4.4 kilobase pair [kbp]), pMU1328 (7.4 kbp), and pAMbeta1 (26.5 kbp). Plasmid DNA isolated from transformants had not undergone detectable deletions or rearrangements. Transformation was possible with plasmid DNA which was religated after restriction endonuclease digestion. Phage DNA-dependent transfection of S. lactis LM0230 and S. lactis C6 was also achieved.
Properties of ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures containing fluorine substituted compounds (1993)

Abstract New chiral dopants having a perfluoroalkyl group have been synthesized for the ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) mixtures. Some chiral dopants had liquid crystalline phases solely and the fast switching was observed while small spontaneous polarization (PS) value. The compound having a moderate number of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon was found to have suitable properties as the chiral dopant.
Embryonic Stem Cells with GFP Knocked into the Dopamine Transporter Yield Purified Dopamine Neurons In Vitro and from Knock-In Mice (2009)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Neural transplantation with fetal dopamine neurons can be an effective therapy for patients with PD, but recovery of human fetal cells is difficult. Scarcity of tissue has limited clinical application to a small number of research subjects worldwide. Selective differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to dopamine neurons could lead to an unlimited supply of cells for expanded clinical transplantation. To facilitate the differentiation and purification of dopamine neurons, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was inserted into the dopamine transporter (DAT) locus in mouse ESCs using homologous recombination. From these DAT-GFP ESCs, dopamine neurons expressing GFP were successfully produced by in vitro differentiation. The DAT-GFP ESCs were used to generate DAT-GFP knock-in mice. We have found that GFP was colocalized with DAT, Pitx3, Engrailed-1, and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in midbrain, hypothalamus, and olfactory bulb but not in noradrenergic cell regions or other ectopic sites. The GFP-positive dopamine neurons could be isolated from embryonic day-15 ventral midbrain by fluorescence activated cell sorting. These purified dopamine neurons survived reculture and expressed tyrosine hydroxylase and DAT when cocultured with mouse astrocytes or striatal cells. Animals homozygous for DAT-GFP were hyperactive because they had no functional DAT protein. These DAT-GFP knock-in ESCs and mice provide unique tools for purifying dopamine neurons to study their physiology, pharmacology, and genetic profiles.
Reversal of Multidrug Resistance of Gastric Cancer Cells by Downregulation of TSG101 with TSG101siRNA (2004)

We have previously identified tumor susceptibility gene101 (TSG101), overexpressed in vincristine-resistant human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC7901/VCR using a modified subtractive hybridization method and Western blot. In the present study, we constructed two siRNA eukaryotic expression vectors of TSG101 and transfected them into SGC7901/VCR cells to examine whether the down-regulation of TSG101 increased cell sensitivity towards chemotherapeutic drugs. After transfection, the expression of TSG101 was dramatically decreased in TSG101 siRNA transfectants compared with that in parental cells and empty vector control cells. The down-regulation of TSG101 could significantly enhance the sensitivity of SGC7901/VCR cells to vincristine and adriamycin. The capacity of cells to efflux adriamycin markedly decreased in TSG101 siRNA transfectants. These observations suggested that the siRNA constructs of TSG101 we made could effectively down-regulate the expression of TSG101 and reverse the resistant phenotype of gastric cancer cells. The preliminary study suggested that TSG101 might play an important role in multidrug resistance of gastric carcinoma.
Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution for organ preservation in human liver transplantation-a prospective multi-centre observation study (2004)

Abstract Based on experimental work and clinical small studies, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution was found to be suitable not only for heart and kidney preservation but also for liver preservation. We decided, therefore, to use this preservation solution for clinical liver preservation in a prospective multi-centre trial. Enrolment to the study was from 1996 to 1999 in four European centres, and the results of 214 patients with HTK-preserved organs were analysed. Analysis showed a primary dysfunction (PDF) rate of 8.8%, with a primary non-function (PNF) rate of 2.3% and initial poor function (IPF) in 6.5%. Patient survival rate at 1 year was 83% and 1-year graft survival rate was 80%. In a univariate and a multivariate analysis PDF, early surgical complications and tendentiously severe infections (septicaemia, pneumonia, cholangitis) were identified as independent risk factors for graft and patient survival. Preservation with HTK can be regarded as an established alternative to preservation with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution when preservation times are short. Definitive assessment of the efficacy of preservation solutions requires further prospective randomised clinical trials that compare HTK and UW.
A high quality BI-CELP speech coder at 8 kbit/s and below (2002)

This paper describes "BI-CELP: baseline and implied CELP", which is a high quality speech coding method based on a code excited linear prediction (CELP) model employing excitation vectors combined from two codebooks, one from the baseline codebook and the other from the implied codebook. In this method the index of the baseline codebook is coded and transmitted to the receiver while the index of the implied codebook is extracted from the synthesized speech. This method has been applied to a lower rate voice coder at 8 kbit/s to produce high quality voice comparable to that of the 16 kbit/s G.728 LD-CELP. The performance of the 8 kbit/s BI-CELP coder is measured in terms of SNRseg and MOS. The average SNRseg is 12.14 dB which is 0.6 dB higher than that of the 8 kbit/s G.729 CS-ACELP. The MOS for the quiet input is 3.8 which is 0.02 higher than that of G.729 CS-ACELP. BI-CELP algorithm is implemented in real-time on a single TMS320C31 with 27 MIPS of CPU.
IL-10 mediates susceptibility toLeishmania donovani infection (2001)

Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) results in a severe and potentially fatal systemic disease, accompanied by cellular immune depression. The production of IL-10 correlates with ongoing disease and it has been suggested that the cellular immune depression that accompanies active disease may be due to a predominance of IL-10 production rather than a lack of IFN-gamma production, which is essential for optimal macrophage activation and parasite elimination. To examine the role of IL-10 in resistance during L. donovani infection (a causative agent of VL), the course of infection was examined in mice lacking the gene for IL-10. BALB/c IL-10-/-, as well as C57BL/6 IL-10-/- mice, were highly resistant to L. donovani infection, as evidenced by liver parasite burdens which were tenfold lower than those in control mice after 14 days of infection. Enhanced resistance was accompanied by increased production of IFN-gamma and nitric oxide in BALB/c IL-10-/- mice. Susceptibility to infection in BALB/c IL-10-/- mice was enhanced following in vivo treatment with a neutralizing antibody to IFN-gamma or IL-12. Together these studies demonstrate for the first time that IL-10 is a critical component of the immune response that inhibits resistance to L. donovani.
A role for β 2 integrins (CD11/CD18) in the regulation of cytokine gene expression of polymorphonuclear neutrophils during the inflammatory response (1999)

ABSTRACT Growing evidence supports the idea that adhesion via β 2 integrins not only allows cellular targeting, but also induces intracellular signaling, which in turn activates functional responses of adherent cells. This study investigates whether β 2 integrin‐mediated adhesion of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) has a functional impact on cytokine production. Aggregation of the β 2 integrin Mac‐1 (CD11b/CD18) by antibody cross‐linking was found to induce substantial de novo synthesis of IL‐8 mRNA as measured by semiquantitative RT‐PCR and Northern blotting technique, respectively. Induction of IL‐8 mRNA was also observed upon adhesion of PMN to immobilized fibrinogen, a functional equivalent of its clotting product fibrin that serves as a native ligand of Mac‐1. Results were confirmed using PMN derived from CD18‐deficient mice, which were unable to produce MIP‐2 mRNA, a homologue of human IL‐8, in the presence of immobilized fibrinogen. In contrast, a substantial increase of MIP‐2 mRNA was observed when wild‐type PMN were incubated on immobilized fibrinogen. In human PMN, ELISA technique showed that the gene activation that required tyrosine kinase activity resulted in a substantial production and secretion of biologically active IL‐8 and IL‐1β. In contrast, no TNF‐α or IL‐6 production was found, revealing that β 2 integrins mediate differential expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The biological relevance of the present findings was confirmed in an in vivo model of acute inflammation. Altogether, the present findings provide evidence for a functional link between clotting and inflammatory responses that may contribute to the recruitment and/or activation of PMN and other cells at sites of lesion.—Walzog, B., Weinmann, P., Jeblonski, F., Scharffetter‐Kochanek, K., Bommert, K., Gaehtgens, P. A role for β 2 integrins (CD11/CD18) in the regulation of cytokine gene expression of polymorphonuclear neutrophils during the inflammatory response. FASEB J . 13, 1855–1865 (1999)
Controlled van der Waals Heteroepitaxy of InAs Nanowires on Carbon Honeycomb Lattices (2011)

We report on unconventional, noncovalent heteroepitaxy of vertical indium arsenide (InAs) nanowires on thin graphitic films in terms of van der Waals (VDW) interactions. Nearly coherent in-plane lattice matching (misfit of 0.49%) between InAs and the graphitic surface plays a critical role in the epitaxial formation of vertical InAs nanowires on graphitic substrates. Otherwise, gallium arsenide (misfit of -6.22%) is grown to be island morphologies. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analyses show that 1-2 monomolecular layer ledges or kinks facilitate heterogeneous nucleation of InAs on nonwetting graphitic surfaces, forming the nuclei and promoting the subsequent nanowire growth with strong VDW interactions at the heterojunction. We further demonstrate the controlled VDW epitaxy method for high-yield and uniform InAs nanowire arrays on honeycomb carbon surface utilizing substrate surface etching and patterning techniques. Our work opens a new platform for the III-arsenide/graphene hybrid junction electronics and optoelectronics.
Isolation and Identification of Potential Urinary Microparticle Biomarkers of Bladder Cancer (2008)

Bladder cancer leads to approximately 13,000 deaths annually in the United States. Early disease is often treated with minimal morbidity and has good prognosis, while the opposite is true for advanced disease. Currently, no tools exist for early detection of this cancer. Microparticles are small, subcellular particles released by essentially all cells upon activation and are known to be produced constitutively by cancer cells. Since most bladder cancers originate in the urothelial cells lining the lumen of the organ, we hypothesize that these cells will release microparticles into the urine. The goal of this study was to identify potential biomarkers in the urinary microparticles of individuals with bladder cancer. Urine microparticles from five healthy individuals and four individuals with bladder cancer were isolated. Samples were delipidated by PAGE and trypsin-digested, peptides were extracted, and the proteome was examined by LC-MS/MS using a Thermo Finnigan LTQ and LTQ-FT ion trap mass spectrometer. Protein identification was determined by SEQUEST and relative quantitation was assessed by comparing spectral counts. Eight proteins were elevated in the microparticles from individuals with bladder cancer. They include five proteins associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway, the alpha subunit of GsGTP binding protein, resistin, and retinoic acid-induced protein 3. Further studies will be needed to validate these potential biomarkers.
Mucosal Irritation Potential of Personal Lubricants Relates to Product Osmolality as Detected by the Slug Mucosal Irritation Assay (2008)

Commonly used personal lubricants show a full range of mucosal irritation potential, which is related to product osmolality.
A brief overview of modern high-speed SiGe HBTs (2006)

SiGe HBT technology is now widely considered as a strong contender for broadband wireless communication applications owing to its excellent high-speed characteristics as well as the compatibility with the conventional CMOS technology. In this paper, the performance of modern SiGe HBTs is reviewed in terms of the operation speed, noise, and reliability-related issues
Preparation of thin-film transistors with chemical bath deposited CdSe and CdS thin films (2002)

The authors have fabricated the thin-film transistor (TFT) with CdSe and CdS semiconductor thin films, prepared by a low temperature chemical bath deposition (CBD) method, as an active layer. The ON-current values of the CdSe-TFTs and CdS-TFTs at a gate bias of 10 V and a source-drain voltage of 10 V are about 100 /spl mu/A and 5 /spl mu/A, respectively. The OFF-current values of the CdSe-TFTs and CdS-TFTs at the source-drain voltage of 10 V are less than 10 pA. The fabricated CdSe-TFTs exhibited a field effect mobility of 15 cm/sup 2//V-s, threshold voltage of 3.5 V, subthreshold slope of 0.5 V/dec., and ON/OFF current ratios exceed 10/sup 7/. A field effect mobility of I cm/sup 2//V-s, a threshold voltage of 2.6 V, a subthreshold slope of 0.6 V/dec., and an ON/OFF current ratios exceed 10/sup 6/ were observed for CdS TFTs.
The adsorption of oxygen at GaN surfaces (1999)

A critical point in device fabrication based on GaN is the controlled doping and the incorporation of impurities like, e.g., oxygen. We have explored the adsorption of oxygen at the wurtzite (0001) and (0001̄) GaN surfaces employing density-functional theory. Our results show that both surface orientations are very active towards oxygen adsorption, explaining the high oxygen concentrations typically observed in GaN. However, the (0001) and (0001̄) surfaces behave differently and oxygen incorporation is expected to be higher at the (0001̄) surface. The different reactivity is explained in terms of the specific structural configurations.
Overexpression of Cyclin E in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (1997)

Cyclin E is one of the G1 cyclins that play an important role in cell proliferation. Overexpression of cyclin E protein has been reported in several solid tumors, but little is known about the involvement of cyclin E in leukemia. In this study, we analyzed the expression of cyclin E gene product in 85 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) by Western blot analysis. In 23 of 85 AML samples (27%), cyclin E expression was enhanced in blasts. Among the French-American-British classification of AML, the ratio of the samples with enhanced cyclin E expression was high in M5 and low in M2 and M3. No rearrangements were observed by Southern blot analysis in these AML blasts with enhanced cyclin E expression. Flow cytometric analysis showed no correlation between overexpression of cyclin E and cell cycle distribution. Immunoblot analysis of cyclin D1 showed no correlation between overexpression of cyclin E and that of cyclin D1. Interestingly, p27 expression detected by Western blotting was apparently enhanced in 18 of 23 AML cells with enhanced cyclin E expression but none of 14 AML cells without enhanced cyclin E exhibited enhanced p27 expression. The rates of complete remission and of disease-free survival of the patients with M4 or M5 leukemia blasts with overexpressed cyclin E seemed to be low. Therefore, we suggest the necessity of a larger-scale study to elucidate the contribution of cyclin E overexpression to the phenotype and the prognosis of certain AML.
UGA is an additional glycine codon in uncultured SR1 bacteria from the human microbiota (2013)

The composition of the human microbiota is recognized as an important factor in human health and disease. Many of our cohabitating microbes belong to phylum-level divisions for which there are no cultivated representatives and are only represented by small subunit rRNA sequences. For one such taxon (SR1), which includes bacteria with elevated abundance in periodontitis, we provide a single-cell genome sequence from a healthy oral sample. SR1 bacteria use a unique genetic code. In-frame TGA (opal) codons are found in most genes (85%), often at loci normally encoding conserved glycine residues. UGA appears not to function as a stop codon and is in equilibrium with the canonical GGN glycine codons, displaying strain-specific variation across the human population. SR1 encodes a divergent tRNA(Gly)UCA with an opal-decoding anticodon. SR1 glycyl-tRNA synthetase acylates tRNA(Gly)UCA with glycine in vitro with similar activity compared with normal tRNA(Gly)UCC. Coexpression of SR1 glycyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNA(Gly)UCA in Escherichia coli yields significant β-galactosidase activity in vivo from a lacZ gene containing an in-frame TGA codon. Comparative genomic analysis with Human Microbiome Project data revealed that the human body harbors a striking diversity of SR1 bacteria. This is a surprising finding because SR1 is most closely related to bacteria that live in anoxic and thermal environments. Some of these bacteria share common genetic and metabolic features with SR1, including UGA to glycine reassignment and an archaeal-type ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO) involved in AMP recycling. UGA codon reassignment renders SR1 genes untranslatable by other bacteria, which impacts horizontal gene transfer within the human microbiota.
The discrepancy between goal expectation and goal achievement of ISO 9000 internal benefits: evidence from Egypt (2011)

This paper provides two reliable and valid constructs, 'human resources development' and 'cost reduction', for measuring ISO 9000 expected internal benefits. In a sample of 50 Egyptian certified plants, expected benefit, perceived achievement and the difference (gap) between them are presented. The study also investigates the effects of plant characteristics on these benefits and gaps. Findings support the existence of significant gaps between the level of expectation and the level of perceived achievement of all goals. Egyptian firms did not get what they asked for when applying for ISO 9000 certification. The findings also reveal that none of the plant's characteristics has any significant effect on its level of expectation and/or perceived achievement. Disappointment appears generally among all manufacturing units and among all types of certification. Finally, the use of goal expectation as predictor of goal achievement was confirmed for each of the two internal benefit groups.
Reduced complexity iterative decoding of low-density parity check codes based on belief propagation (1999)

Two simplified versions of the belief propagation algorithm for fast iterative decoding of low-density parity check codes on the additive white Gaussian noise channel are proposed. Both versions are implemented with real additions only, which greatly simplifies the decoding complexity of belief propagation in which products of probabilities have to be computed. Also, these two algorithms do not require any knowledge about the channel characteristics. Both algorithms yield a good performance-complexity trade-off and can be efficiently implemented in software as well as in hardware, with possibly quantized received values.