gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Desmosomal Plaque Proteins of the Plakophilin Family (2010)

Three related proteins of the plakophilin family (PKP1_3) have been identified as junctional proteins that are essential for the formation and stabilization of desmosomal cell contacts. Failure of PKP expression can have fatal effects on desmosomal adhesion, leading to abnormal tissue and organ development. Thus, loss of functional PKP 1 in humans leads to ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility (EDSF) syndrome, a genodermatosis with severe blistering of the epidermis as well as abnormal keratinocytes differentiation. Mutations in the human PKP 2 gene have been linked to severe heart abnormalities that lead to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). In the past few years it has been shown that junctional adhesion is not the only function of PKPs. These proteins have been implicated in cell signaling, organization of the cytoskeleton, and control of protein biosynthesis under specific cellular circumstances. Clearly, PKPs are more than just cell adhesion proteins. In this paper we will give an overview of our current knowledge on the very distinct roles of plakophilins in the cell.
Digital image watermarking in spatial and transform domains (2002)

This paper reviews both spatial and frequency domain watermark embedding schemes for single-frame images. It focuses on the application of quantum distributed private keys in the concealment of data in images. Simple examples are used to illustrate the approach. In the spatial domain, differential PCM is used to detect the edge regions of the image so that data can be hidden on those pixels of the image when the differential signal is larger than a certain threshold level. The method is based on the visual masking phenomenon at large intensity transitions in the neighbourhood of the pixel. In the frequency domain, DCT coefficients with significant variance are chosen and modulated using the private key sequence. Both spatial and DCT schemes are evaluated in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR).
Double-heterostructure diode lasers emitting at 3 μm with a metastable GaInAsSb active layer and AlGaAsSb cladding layers (1994)

Double-heterostructure diode lasers emitting at 3 μm have exhibited pulsed operation at temperatures up to 255 K and cw operation up to 170 K, with cw output power of 45 mW/facet at 100 K. The laser structure, grown on GaSb substrates by molecular beam epitaxy, has a metastable GaInAsSb active layer and AlGaAsSb cladding layers. The lowest pulsed threshold current density is 9 A/cm2 obtained at 40 K. The characteristic temperature is 35 K at low temperatures and 28 K above 120 K.
Plant CLE peptides from two distinct functional classes synergistically induce division of vascular cells (2008)

The Clavata3 (CLV3)/endosperm surrounding region (CLE) signaling peptides are encoded in large plant gene families. CLV3 and the other A-type CLE peptides promote cell differentiation in root and shoot apical meristems, whereas the B-type peptides (CLE41-CLE44) do not. Instead, CLE41 inhibits the differentiation of Zinnia elegans tracheary elements. To test whether CLE genes might code for antagonistic or synergistic functions, peptides from both types were combined through overexpression within or application onto Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. The CLE41 peptide (CLE41p) promoted proliferation of vascular cells, although delaying differentiation into phloem and xylem cell lineages. Application of CLE41p or overexpression of CLE41 did not suppress the terminal differentiation of the root and shoot apices triggered by A-type CLE peptides. However, in combination, A-type peptides enhanced all of the phenotypes associated with CLE41 gain-of-function, leading to massive proliferation of vascular cells. This proliferation relied on auxin signaling because it was enhanced by exogenous application of a synthetic auxin, decreased by an auxin polar transport inhibitor, and abolished by a mutation in the Monopteros auxin response factor. These findings highlight that vascular patterning is a process controlled in time and space by different CLE peptides in conjunction with hormonal signaling.
Mast cells in colorectal neoplasias and premalignant disorders (1995)

Mast cell numbers were found to be correlated to the development from premalignancy to colonic malignancy. Mast cells may be useful as markers of colorectal neoplasia.
ARGO and the MilleMiglia in Automatico Tour (1999)

The paper discusses the ARGO car which incorporates a system that detects obstacles and lane markings in real time and autonomously steers the vehicle. It is a passenger car with a vision-based system for extracting road and environmental information from the acquired images, using different output devices to test the automatic features. ARGO integrates the main results of research on algorithms and architectures for vision-based automatic road vehicle guidance.
Construction of a recombinant bacterial plasmid containing a chick pro-alpha2 collagen gene sequence. (1978)

A recombinant plasmid containing chick pro-alpha2 collagen gene sequences has been constructed and cloned in Escherichia coli. Using partially purified collagen mRNA as template, we synthesized double-stranded DNA by the successive action of reverse transcriptase (RNA-directed DNA nucleotidyltransferase) from avian myeloblastosis virus and the Klenow A fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I. From this complex mixture of double-stranded DNAs, a specific 200-base-pair restriction fragment was generated by cleavage with the restriction endonucleases BamHI and EcoRI. These enzymes also make unique cuts in the plasmid vector pBR322. The restriction fragment was inserted into pBR322 via these BamHI and EcoRI sites and cloned in E. coli chi1776. The cloned recombinant plasmid was shown to contain pro-alpha2 collagen DNA by its specific hybridization to chick pro-alpha2 collagen mRNA, as assayed in an in vitro translation system. Thus, a clone containing pro-alpha2 collagen DNA was constructed without first obtaining highly purified collagen mRNA.
The role of thyroid autoantibodies in the development of thyroid dysfunction in Taiwanese chronic hepatitis C patients with interferon‐alpha and ribavirin combination therapy (2006)

To investigate the role of thyroid autoantibodies in the development of thyroid dysfunction among chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients receiving interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) plus ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy, 95 Taiwanese naïve patients with baseline euthyroidism were enrolled. They were treated with IFN-alpha2b, 6 million units thrice weekly, plus RBV 1,000-1,200 mg daily for 24 weeks. Thyroid function, anti-thyroglobulin and antiperoxidase autoantibodies were tested at enrollment (M0), at the end-of-treatment (M6) and 6 months after end-of-treatment (M12). The percentages of thyroid autoantibodies were 8.4%, 11.6% and 9.5%, at M0, M6 and M12 respectively. Fourteen (14.7%) patients developed thyroid dysfunction at M6 or M12. Thyroid dysfunction occurred during treatment in five (62.5%) of the eight patients with baseline thyroid autoantibodies, which was significantly higher than nine (10.3%) of 87 patients without baseline thyroid autoantibodies (P = 0.0001). Among 14 patients who developed thyroid dysfunction, four (80.0%) of five patients with baseline thyroid autoantibodies recovered at M12, in contrast to two (25%) of eight without baseline thyroid autoantibodies recovered at M12 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, thyroid autoantibodies, either occurred before or during IFN-alpha plus RBV combination therapy, carry a high prediction of subsequent thyroid dysfunction. There also exists difference in the clinical manifestations of thyroid dysfunction in CHC patients treated with combination therapy.
Techniques for low bit rate speech coding using long analysis frames (1993)

A time-variable LPC (linear predictive coding) algorithm, utilizing interpolation of the spectral parameters between adjacent frames, is presented. Preliminary investigations, obtained in a CELP (code excited linear prediction) coder environment, indicated that time variability can improve speech quality in the case of long analysis frames (40 ms and above). A novel double-mode LTP structure was introduced to cope with the long start-up time of the conventional adaptive codebook. Segmental SNR measurements and listening tests showed that the double-mode LTP outperforms existing delayed decision tree coding algorithms with comparable complexity in the 10 ms subframe case. Delayed decision tree coding was also applied to the double-mode LTP, giving a further slight improvement of speech quality. The problem with computational complexity in the codebook search was shown to be solvable with a very small reduction of speech quality for 10 ms subframes, using a TRPE (transformed binary regular pulse excitation) codebook.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Experimental three-dimensional fluorescence reconstruction of diffuse media by use of a normalized Born approximation (2001)

We present a normalized Born expansion that facilitates fluorescence reconstructions in turbid, tissuelike media. The algorithm can be particularly useful for tissue investigations of fluorochrome distributionin vivo, since it does not require absolute photon-field measurements or measurements before contrast-agent administration. This unique advantage can be achieved only in fluorescence mode. We used this algorithm to three-dimensionally image and quantify an indocyanine fluorochrome phantom, using a novel fluorescence tomographic imager developed for animals.
Chemical Design of Nanoparticle Probes for High‐Performance Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2008)

Synthetic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are emerging as versatile probes in biomedical applications, especially in the area of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Their size, which is comparable to biological functional units, and their unique magnetic properties allow their utilization as molecular imaging probes. Herein, we present an overview of recent breakthroughs in the development of new synthetic MNP probes with which the sensitive and target-specific observation of biological events at the molecular and cellular levels is possible.
Compressed Sensing Reception of Bursty UWB Impulse Radio is Robust to Narrow-Band Interference (2009)

We have recently proposed a novel receiver for Ultra-Wide-band Impulse-Radio communication in bursty applications like Wireless Sensor Networks. The receiver, based on the principle of Compressed Sensing (CS), exploits the sparsity of the transmitted signal to achieve reliable demodulation. It acquires a modest number of projections of the received signal using analog correlators, and performs a joint decoding of the time of arrival and the data bits from these under-sampled measurements via an efficient quadratic program. In this paper we examine the robustness of this receiver to strong narrow-band interference (NBI) from primary licensed systems like WiMAX. First, by choosing frequency selective test functions in the front-end correlators, we ensure that the interferer can corrupt only a small fraction of the CS measurements. Then we implement a 'digital notch' by identifying and dropping those affected measurements during the quadratic programming reconstruction. The method is easily extended to multiple interferers without additional cost or complexity. We show that by implementing such a 'digital notch' the receiver becomes extremely robust to NBIs. For example its performance is negligibly affected even when the WiMAX customer premise equipment is at a distance comparable to that of the UWB transmitter and the base station is only ten times farther off, both very practical scenarios.
Treatment of Vegetable Cannery Wastes (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTreatment of Vegetable Cannery WastesN. H. SanbornCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1942, 34, 8, 911–915Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50392a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50392a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Effects of feeding yeast and propionibacteria to dairy cows on milk yield and components, and reproduction* (2007)

To determine the effect of supplemental feeding of Diamond V-XP yeast (XPY) alone or in combination with propionibacteria strain P169 on milk production, milk components, body weight, days to first and second ovulation, plasma insulin, and plasma and milk glucose, 31 primiparous and multiparous (MP) Holstein cows were fed one of three dietary treatments between 2 weeks prepartum to 30 weeks postpartum: (i) control (n = 10), fed a corn silage-based total mixed ration (TMR); (ii) XPY (n = 11), fed control TMR plus XPY (at 56 g/head/day); and (iii) P169+XPY (n = 10), received control TMR plus XPY plus P169 (at 6 x 10(11) cfu/head/day). After parturition, daily milk weights were recorded, and milk samples were collected twice weekly for milk component analyses. Daily uncorrected milk, solids-corrected milk, and 4% fat-corrected milk production for MP cows fed P169+XPY was 9-16% greater than control MP cows, but these increases were only evident during mid lactation (9-30 weeks). The percentage of milk fat was 8-18% greater in control than XPY and P169+XPY groups. Milk lactose percentage in MP cows fed P169+XPY was 3-5% greater than in control and XPY MP cows. Primiparous and MP cows fed P169+XPY had 28-32% greater milk glucose levels than control and XPY-fed cows. Diurnal plasma glucose concentration was not affected by diet in MP cows. Plasma insulin levels in MP cows fed P169+XPY were 30-34% greater than in other groups of MP cows. Milk glucose and plasma insulin responses to P169+XPY feeding suggest that P169+XPY might have enhanced gluconeogenesis and increased glucose uptake by the mammary gland in Holstein cows. Thus, a combined feed supplement of P169 and XPY may hold potential as a natural feed alternative to hormones and antibiotics to enhance lactational performance.
A neural network diagnostic tool for the chronic fatigue syndrome (2002)

Artificial neural networks are particularly useful for problems which are difficult to find an algorithmic or rule-based solution. A typical example of such problems is the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). CFS patients exhibit complex patterns of multiple and varying (non-consistent) psychiatric and somatic symptoms making diagnosis very difficult. This study demonstrates that a simple feedforward neural network can be trained on a multidisciplinary questionnaire to accurately diagnose CFS. The neural network was able to clearly differentiate between CFS patients, patients suffering from major unipolar depression, lipid patients and a healthy control group. By analyzing the resultant neural connection weights an indication which symptoms differentiate CFS patients from the control groups was obtained. The largest weights were assigned to somatic symptoms like fibromyalgia, photophobia and night sweats and to fatigue related to physical activity. By excluding those questions with very small absolute weights, a shortened user-friendly self-report questionnaire (n/sub q/=70) was obtained that can be particularly useful for primary health care.
SFBC-AOFDM scheme in fast and frequency selective fading scenarios (2004)

In this contribution. we propose a novel space-frequency block coded adaptive modulated OFDM (SFBC-AOFDM) scheme to provide high data rate and high spectrum efficiency, this scheme is very effective to combat last lading anyway. Its robustness to frequency-selective fading could be adjusted by changing the SFBC coding size and adaptation unit. In this scheme, we extend the application of adaptive modulation into a MIMO-OFDM system in a simple way. Furthermore, a novel SFBC detection algorithm is proposed to reduce complexity for high order QAM employments. We simulate for SFBC-AOFDM with various MIMO settings and analyse the performance of both BCR and transmission efficiency.
Over-expression of F5H in COMT-deficient Arabidopsis leads to enrichment of an unusual lignin and disruption of pollen wall formation (2010)

The presence of the phenylpropanoid polymer lignin in plant cell walls impedes breakdown of polysaccharides to the fermentable sugars that are used in biofuel production. Genetically modified plants with altered lignin properties hold great promise to improve biomass degradability. Here, we describe the generation of a new type of lignin enriched in 5-hydroxy-guaiacyl units by over-expressing ferulate 5-hydroxylase in a line of Arabidopsis lacking caffeic acid O-methyltransferase. The lignin modification strategy had a profound impact on plant growth and development and cell-wall properties, and resulted in male sterility due to complete disruption of formation of the pollen wall. The modified plants showed significantly improved cell-wall enzymatic saccharification efficiency without a reduction in post-harvest biomass yield despite the alterations in the overall growth morphology. This study demonstrated the plasticity of lignin polymerization in terms of incorporation of unusual monomers that chemically resemble conventional monomers, and also revealed the link between the biosynthetic pathways of lignin and the pollen wall-forming sporopollenin.
Sequential development of antigens and toxins of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 grown in cell culture medium. (1992)

Pasteurella haemolytica was grown in nonsupplemented cell culture medium, or in medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 24 hours. The production of leukotoxin (LKT) and endotoxin was sequentially evaluated, as were bacterial antigens associated with bacterial cell lysates and culture supernates. Supplementation of medium with BSA had no effect on bacterial growth curves; however, LKT activity was detected earlier and was greater in culture supernates from BSA-supplemented media than from nonsupplemented medium. Leukotoxin antigen (105 kDa) was detected in culture supernates, using a monoclonal antibody, immunoblot analysis, and densitometry. The relative concentrations of LKT antigen were proportional to LKT activity. Endotoxin activity was initially lowest in the culture supernates from nonsupplemented medium, but increased during the incubation period, whereas endotoxin activity in BSA-supplemented culture supernates decreased with time in culture. In culture supernates from nonsupplemented medium, the number of antigenic bands identified by immunoblot analysis with hyperimmune anti-P haemolytica and densitometry was greater than in culture supernates from supplemented media. In bacterial lysates, a 95-kDa antigen was the major antigen detected, using the anti-LKT monoclonal antibody. The concentration of that antigen varied among lysates from nonsupplemented medium and BSA-supplemented media. Using hyperimmune anti-P haemolytica serum, minor differences were seen in the relative quantities of lysate-associated antigens dependent on time in culture and medium used. Among the major antigens seen, differences were most apparent for 150-, 100-, and 87-kDa antigens, whereas differences were not obvious for 42- 40-, and 30-kDa antigens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Translational induction of heat shock transcription factor sigma 32: evidence for a built-in RNA thermosensor (1999)

Induction of heat shock proteins in Escherichia coli is primarily caused by increased cellular levels of the heat shock sigma-factor sigma32 encoded by the rpoH gene. Increased sigma32 levels result from both enhanced synthesis and stabilization. Previous work indicated that sigma32 synthesis is induced at the translational level and is mediated by the mRNA secondary structure formed within the 5'-coding sequence of rpoH, including the translation initiation region. To understand the mechanism of heat induction of sigma32 synthesis further, we analyzed expression of rpoH-lacZ gene fusions with altered stability of mRNA structure before and after heat shock. A clear correlation was found between the stability and expression or the extent of heat induction. Temperature-melting profiles of mRNAs with or without mutations correlated well with the expression patterns of fusion genes carrying the corresponding mutations in vivo. Furthermore, temperature dependence of mRNA-30S ribosome-tRNAfMet complex formation with wild-type or mutant mRNAs in vitro agreed well with that of the expression of gene fusions in vivo. Our results support a novel mechanism in which partial melting of mRNA secondary structure at high temperature enhances ribosome entry and translational initiation without involvement of other cellular components, that is, intrinsic mRNA stability controls synthesis of a transcriptional regulator.
Antibody-resistant mutants of Borrelia burgdorferi: in vitro selection and characterization. (1992)

We used polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to inhibit the growth of clonal populations of two strains of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease agent, and thereby select for antibody-resistant mutants. mAbs were directed at the outer membrane proteins, OspA or OspB. Mutants resistant to the growth-inhibiting properties of the antibodies were present in the populations at frequencies ranging from 10(-5) to 10(-2). The several escape variants that were examined were of four classes. Class I mutants were resistant to all mAbs; they lacked OspA and OspB and the linear plasmid that encodes them. Two other proteins were expressed in larger amounts in class I mutants; mAbs to these proteins inhibited the mutant but not the wild-type cells. Class II mutants were resistant to some but not all mAbs; they had truncated OspA and/or OspB proteins. Class III mutants were resistant only to the selecting mAb; they had full-length Osp proteins that were not bound by the selecting antibody in Western blots. In two class III mutants resistant to different anti-OspA mAbs, missense mutations were demonstrated in the ospA genes. Class IV mutants were likewise resistant only to selecting antibody, but in this case the selecting antibody still bound in Western blots.