gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IFN-regulatory factor 3-dependent gene expression is defective in Tbk1 -deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (2003)

Virus infection, double-stranded RNA, and lipopolysaccharide each induce the expression of genes encoding IFN-alpha and -beta and chemokines, such as RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and IP-10 (IFN-gamma inducible protein 10). This induction requires the coordinate activation of several transcription factors, including IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). The signaling pathways leading to IRF3 activation are triggered by the binding of pathogen-specific products to Toll-like receptors and culminate in the phosphorylation of specific serine residues in the C terminus of IRF3. Recent studies of human cell lines in culture have implicated two noncanonical IkappaB kinase (IKK)-related kinases, IKK-epsilon and Traf family member-associated NF-kappaB activator (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), in the phosphorylation of IRF3. Here, we show that purified recombinant IKK-epsilon and TBK1 directly phosphorylate the critical serine residues in IRF3. We have also examined the expression of IRF3-dependent genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Tbk1(-/-) mice, and we show that TBK1 is required for the activation and nuclear translocation of IRF3 in these cells. Moreover, Tbk1(-/-) MEFs show marked defects in IFN-alpha and -beta, IP-10, and RANTES gene expression after infection with either Sendai or Newcastle disease viruses or after engagement of the Toll-like receptors 3 and 4 by double-stranded RNA and lipopolysaccharide, respectively. Finally, TRIF (TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-beta), fails to activate IRF3-dependent genes in Tbk1(-/-) MEFs. We conclude that TBK1 is essential for IRF3-dependent antiviral gene expression.
A new online signature verification algorithm using variable length segmentation and hidden Markov models (2004)

In this paper, a new on-line handwritten signature verification system using Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is presented. The proposed system segments each signature based on its perceptually important points and then computes for each segment a number of features that are scale and displacement invariant. The resulted sequence is then used for training an HMM to achieve signature verification. Our database includes 622 genuine signatures and 1010 forgery signatures that were collected from a population of 69 human subjects. Our verification system has achieved a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 4% and a false rejection rate (FRR) of 12%.
Induction of an outer surface protein on Borrelia burgdorferi during tick feeding. (1995)

Lyme disease spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, are maintained in zoonotic cycles involving ticks and small mammals. In unfed ticks, the spirochetes produce one outer surface protein, OspA, but not OspC. During infection in mammals, immunological data suggest that the spirochetes have changed their surface, now expressing OspC but little or no OspA. We find by in vitro growth experiments that this change is regulated in part by temperature; OspC is produced by spirochetes at 32-37 degrees C but not at 24 degrees C. Furthermore, spirochetes in the midgut of ticks that have fully engorged on mice now have OspC on their surface. Thus two environmental cues, an increase in temperature and tick feeding, trigger a major alteration of the spirochetal outer membrane. This rapid synthesis of OspC by spirochetes during tick feeding may play an essential role in the capacity of these bacteria to successfully infect mammalian hosts, including humans, when transmitted by ticks.
Epothilone A and B—Novel 16‐Membered Macrolides with Cytotoxic Activity: Isolation, Crystal Structure, and Conformation in Solution (1996)

How similar must a compound be to taxol in order to displace it from its binding site on microtubules? The microbial secondary metabolites epothilones A (1a) and B (1b) provide an answer to this question. These comparatively small, simply constructed, and highly cytotoxic macrolides surprisingly show no similarity to taxol, according to X-ray and NMR spectroscopic results.
Threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli: feedback-hypersensitive enzyme from a genetic regulatory mutant (1976)

A mutation, ilvA538, in the gene coding for the biosynthetic L-threonine deaminase of Escherichia coli K-12 has previously been demonstrated to have pleiotropic regulatory effects leading to low and invariant expression of some of the isoleucine-valine biosynthetic enzyme, and altered expression of the branched-chain aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Strain PS187, which carries the ilvA538 allele, has a partial growth requirement for L-isoleucine and is characterized by a sensitivity to growth inhibition by L-leucine. The experiments reported here demonstrate that the L-threonine deaminase produced by strain PS187 is hypersensitive to inhibition by the pathway end product L-isoleucine. In addition, L-leucine, which acts at relatively high concentrations in vitro as an inhibitor of L-threonine deaminase from the wild type, is a more potent inhibitor of the activity of the mutant enzyme. Forty-six derivatives of strain PS187 were isolated as spontaneous mutants resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of L-leucine. Two of these, strains MSR14 and MSR16, produce an L-threonine deaminase that is more resistant than the wild type to L-isoleucine inhibition, and intermediate between the wild type and strain PS187 with respect to L-leucine inhibition. Strains MSR14 and MSR16 produce L-threonine deaminase and dihydroxyacid dehydrase, the ilvD gene product, at the low levels characteristic of the parent strain. Other L-leucine-resistant derivatives of strain PS187 produce higher levels of the feedback-hypersensitive L-threonine deaminase. Thus, the sensitivity to growth inhibition by L-leucine observed with strain PS187 appears to be related both to the hypersensitivity of L-threonine deaminase to inhibition of catalytic activity and to the low level of ilv gene expression. The results reported here indicated that L-threonine deaminase is structurally altered in strain PS187, and thus provide further support for the proposal that L-threonine deaminase participates as a genetic regulatory element for the expression of the branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic enzymes.
l-arginine import via cationic amino acid transporter CAT1 is essential for both differentiation and proliferation of erythrocytes (2005)

In the present study, we examined the role in hematopoiesis of cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1), which transports L-arginine, L-lysine, L-ornithine, and L-histidine. The expression level of human CAT1 (hCAT1) mRNA in mononuclear cells (MNCs) fractionated according to lineage-selective markers was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of CAT1 in glycophorin A-positive erythroid cells was 8 times higher than in nonfractionated MNC (control) cells. Characteristics of L-arginine uptake by K562 cells, an established leukemic cell line used as an erythroid model, were similar to those of CAT1 in regards to saturation kinetics, sodium independence, and substantial inhibition of L-arginine uptake by N-ethylmaleimide, which is a specific inhibitor of system y+ amino acid transporter. Removal of L-arginine from the culture medium prevented both proliferation and differentiation of K562 cells, while removal of L-lysine or L-histidine had little effect on differentiation, though proliferation was blocked. Hematopoietic stem cells obtained from human cord blood failed to develop into erythroid cells in the absence of L-arginine in the culture medium. These findings indicate that hCAT1 is involved in erythroid hematopoiesis through its role in importing L-arginine, which appears to be essential for the differentiation of red blood cells.
Randomized comparison of tamoxifen and two separate doses of toremifene in postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer. (1995)

The activity, toxicity, and side effects of TOR in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive or -unknown metastatic breast cancer are similar if not equivalent to those of TAM. We detected no clear evidence of a dose-response effect for TOR. TOR60 is an effective and safe agent for the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer and can be considered an alternative to TAM as first-line treatment for such patients.
Evaluating features and classifiers for road weather condition analysis (2016)

Weather-dependent road conditions are a major factor in many automobile incidents; computer vision algorithms for automatic classification of road conditions can thus be of great benefit. This paper presents a system for classification of road conditions using still-frames taken from an uncalibrated dashboard camera. The problem is challenging due to variability in camera placement, road layout, weather and illumination conditions. The system uses a prior distribution of road pixel locations learned from training data then fuses normalized luminance and texture features probabilistically to categorize the segmented road surface. We attain an accuracy of 80% for binary classification (bare vs. snow/ice-covered) and 68% for 3 classes (dry vs. wet vs. snow/ice-covered) on a challenging dataset, suggesting that a useful system may be viable.
Optical properties of photonic crystal fiber with integral micron-sized Ge wire (2008)

Using a selective hole closure technique, individual hollow channels in silica-air photonic crystal fibers are filled with pure Ge by pumping in molten material at high pressure. The smallest channels filled so far are 600 nm in diameter, which is 10x smaller than in previous work. Electrical conductivity and micro-Raman measurements indicate that the resulting cm-long wires have a high degree of crystallinity. Optical transmission spectra are measured in a sample with a single wire placed adjacent to the core of an endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber. This renders the fiber birefringent, as well as causing strongly polarization-dependent transmission losses, with extinction ratios as high as 30 dB in the visible. In the IR, anti-crossings between the glass-core mode and resonances on the high index Ge wire create a series of clear dips in the spectrum transmitted through the fiber. The measurements agree closely with the results of finite-element simulations in which the wavelength dependence of the dielectric constants is taken fully into account. A toy model based on a multilayer structure is used to help interpret the results. Finally, the temperature dependence of the anti-crossing wavelengths is measured, the preliminary results suggesting that the structure might form the basis of a compact optical thermometer. Since Ge provides electrical conductance together with low-loss guidance in the mid-IR, Ge-filled PCF seems likely to lead to new kinds of in-fiber detector and sensor, as well as having potential uses in ultra-low-threshold nonlinear optical devices.
Fixed-wavelength laser ionization/tandem mass spectrometry for mixture analysis in the quadrupole ion trap (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFixed-wavelength laser ionization/tandem mass spectrometry for mixture analysis in the quadrupole ion trapDouglas E. Goeringer, Gary L. Glish, and Scott A. McLuckeyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 13, 1186–1192Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00013a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (874 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
&gt;100&lt; channel strained-SiGe p-MOSFET with enhanced hole mobility and lower parasitic resistance (2003)

Employment of <100> channel direction in a strained-Si/sub 0.8/Ge/sub 0.2/ p-MOSFET has demonstrated the substantial amount of hole mobility enhancement as large as 25% and parasitic resistance reduction of 20% compared to a <110> strained-Si/sub 0.8/Ge/sub 0.2/ Channel p-MOSFET, which already has an advantage in mobility and the threshold voltage roll-off characteristic over the Si p-MOSFET. This result indicates that the <100> strained SiGe channel p-MOSFET is a promising and practical candidate for realizing high-speed CMOS devices under low-voltage operation.
Sudden Infant Death With External Airways Covered (1998)

Sudden infant deaths with the external airways covered were common in the United States when most infants slept prone. Soft bedding, including pillows and comforters, increased the risk that an infant who died would be found with the external airways covered. Therefore, these items should not be placed near infants, regardless of the sleep position.
Dependence of BSAP Repressor and Activator Functions on BSAP Concentration (1998)

During a B cell immune response, the transcription factor BSAP maintains its activator functions but is relieved of its repressor functions. This selective targeting of BSAP activities was shown to be regulated by a concentration-dependent mechanism whereby activator motifs for BSAP had a 20-fold higher binding affinity than repressor motifs. An exchange of activator and repressor motifs, however, showed that the context of the motif, rather than the affinity, determined whether BSAP operated as an activator or repressor.
Laser-induced breakdown in crystalline and amorphous SiO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt; (1980)

The 1.06 μm breakdown thresholds of crystalline and amorphous SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> were compared. These materials showed dependences of the breakdown threshold on the focal volume which are consistent with a multiphoton-assisted electron avalanche damage mechanism.
Fine Structure of Three Major Grades of Malignancy of Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (1987)

Fine structural analysis of a series of 51 adenocarcinoma in the human pancreas revealed their composition of one major cell type, a mucoprotein secreting cell which has a number of structural features resembling the cells of the larger interlobular ducts in the normal pancreas. In addition to mucus secretion, the tumor cells released large quantities of membrane material, both as vesicles pinched off from microvilli and as blebs sequestered from the plasma membrane. At the ultrastructural level the subdivision of tumors into three major grades of malignancy was manifested by a progressive loss in cell polarity and a reduction in the association of tumor cells with elements of the extracellular matrix (basal lamina). The highest grade of differentiation grew as tubular structures with a common luminal space, while with progressive dedifferentiation and loss of cell polarity secretion occurred into both luminal and interstitial spaces. This release pattern of tumor cell products, which constitute a complex mixture of exportable and constitutive proteins, will lead to their appearance in both pancreatic juice and blood circulation. Tumor cell spreading occurred along perineural sheaths and was combined with nerve fiber destruction. Primary tumors and lymph node or liver metastases did not differ significantly in their respective grading.
On-line warehouse view maintenance (1997)

Data warehouses store materialized views over base data from external sources. Clients typically perform complex read-only queries on the views. The views are refreshed periodically by maintenance transactions, which propagate large batch updates from the base tables. In current warehousing systems, maintenance transactions usually are isolated from client read activity, limiting availability and/or size of the warehouse. We describe an algorithm called 2VNL that allows warehouse maintenance transactions to run concurrently with readers. By logically maintaining two versions of the database, no locking is required and serializability is guaranteed. We present our algorithm, explain its relationship to other multi-version concurrency control algorithms, and describe how it can be implemented on top of a conventional relational DBMS using a query rewrite approach.
Magnetic separation: A review of principles, devices, and applications (1974)

Conventional magnetic separation devices are widely used for the removal of tramp iron from a variety of feed materials and for the beneficiation of ferrous ores. These devices for separation of strongly magnetic materials employ a variety of mechanical designs. Recently developed high gradient magnetic separation devices extend the useful application of magnetic separation to very weakly magnetic materials of small particle size. Potential applications of these new devices in pollution control, chemical processing, and the benefication of nonferrous low grade ores is indicated. The principle of operation of magnetic separation devices is the interaction between magnetic forces and competing gravitational, hydrodynamic, and interparticle forces within the magnetic separator. Without resort to a detailed analysis of the separation process, an understanding of the characteristics of magnetic separators is possible by consideration of a simple force-balance model. Descriptions of the conventional grate, drum and belt magnetic separators, laboratory magnetic separators, and several high gradient devices are given to illustrate the devices of major commercial importance and to illustrate the physical principles of magnetic separation.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Control of Mood Disorders (2007)

Current treatments for depression are less than optimal in terms of onset of action, response and remission rates, and side-effect profiles. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter controlling synaptic excitability and plasticity in most brain circuits, including limbic pathways involved in depression. Thus, drugs that target glutamate neuronal transmission offer novel approaches to treat depression. Recently, the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine has demonstrated clinical efficacy in a randomized clinical trial of depressed patients. Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors function to regulate glutamate neuronal transmission by altering the release of neurotransmitter or modulating the post-synaptic responses to glutamate. Accumulating evidence from biochemical and behavioral studies support the idea that the regulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission via mGlu receptors is linked to mood disorders and that these receptors may serve as novel targets for the discovery of small molecule modulators with unique antidepressant properties. For example, mGlu receptor modulation can facilitate neuronal stem cell proliferation (neurogenesis) and the release of neurotransmitters that are associated with treatment response to depression in humans (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine). In particular, compounds that antagonize mGlu2, mGlu3 and/or mGlu5 receptors (e.g. LY341495, MSG0039, MPEP) have been linked to the above pharmacology and have also shown in vivo activity in animal models predictive of antidepressant efficacy such as the forced-swim test. The in vivo actions of these agents can be antagonized by compounds that block AMPA receptors, suggesting that their actions are direct downstream consequences of the enhancement of glutamate neuronal transmission in brain regions involved in depression. These data provide new approaches to finding mechanistically distinct drugs for depression that may have advantages over current therapies for some patients. Moreover, since the mood disorders encompase a non-homogenous set of symptoms, comorbid disorders, and potential etiologies, the rich arsensel that exists within the mGlu receptor families provides an opportunity for both broad and customized therapeutics.
A reprogramming human T cell function and specificity with non-viral genome targeting (2019)

This article decries a CRISPR-Cas9 genome-targeting system that does not require viral vectors, allowing rapid and efficient insertion of large DNA sequences at specific sites in the genomes of primary human T cells, while preserving cell viability and function.
Dissemination-based data delivery using broadcast disks (1995)

Mobile computers and wireless networks are emerging technologies which promise to make ubiquitous computing a reality. One challenge that must be met in order to truly realize this potential is that of providing mobile clients with ubiquitous access to data. One way (and perhaps the only way) to address these challenges is to provide stationary server machines with a relatively high-bandwidth channel over which to broadcast data to a client population in anticipation of the need for that data by the clients. Such a system can be said to be asymmetric due to the disparity in the transmission capacities of clients and servers. We have proposed a mechanism called broadcast disks to provide database access in this environment as well as in other asymmetric systems such as cable and direct broadcast satellite television networks and information distribution services. The broadcast disk approach enables the creation of an arbitrarily fine-grained memory hierarchy on the broadcast medium. This hierarchy, combined with the inversion of the traditional relationship between clients and servers that occurs in a broadcast-based system, raises fundamental new issues for client cache management and data prefetching. In this article we present a brief overview of asymmetric environments and describe our approaches to broadcast disk organization, client cache management, and prefetching.