gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural organization and regulatory regions of the human medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene (1992)

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) is a highly regulated mitochondrial flavo-enzyme that catalyzes the initial reaction in fatty acid beta-oxidation. Deficiency of MCAD is a common inherited defect in energy metabolism. We have previously shown that the mRNA encoding MCAD in an MCAD-deficient child is homozygous for the point mutation A985 to G [Kelly et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 9236-9420]. To define the molecular basis of MCAD deficiency and as an initial step in the study of the regulation of MCAD gene expression, we determined the structure and organization of the human MCAD gene. The gene is comprised of 12 exons which span 44 kb of DNA. Comparison of the MCAD gene to MCAD mRNAs from the MCAD-deficient child revealed that missplicing was common, resulting in a variety of exon deletions and intron insertions. The MCAD gene promoter region is extremely GC-rich and lacks prototypical TATA and CAAT boxes. Several regions upstream of the promoter are homologous with mitochondrial enhancers purportedly involved in coordinate expression of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. Transfection of chimeric plasmid constructs with 299 bp of upstream sequence into HepG2 cells revealed high-level transcriptional activity. We conclude that the precursor MCAD mRNA is misspliced to a high degree and complexity in association with the G985 mutation and the MCAD gene contains a strong promoter which shares some structural features with other "housekeeping" genes encoding mitochondrial proteins.
New insight into trigeminal neuralgia (2005)

Trigeminal neuralgia is universally considered the neuropathic facial pain most and best known in medical practice. We propose a short review on trigeminal neuralgia reporting its main clinical aspects, unsolved problems and highlighting differential diagnosis between classical and symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia.
Comparison of the effects of estrogen alone and estrogen plus androgen on biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption in postmenopausal women. (1996)

The present study was undertaken to determine whether the addition of an androgen to estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women would alter the skeletal response as determined by measurements of markers of bone formation and resorption. Postmenopausal women were treated for 9 weeks with either a combination of 1.25 mg esterified estrogen and 2.5 mg methyltestosterone (E+A) or 1.25 mg conjugated equine estrogen (CEE). Both groups showed a similar decrease in urinary excretion of the bone resorption markers, deoxypyridinoline, pyridinoline, and hydroxyproline. Patients treated with CEE showed decreases in the serum markers of bone formation, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and C-terminal procollagen peptide. In contrast, subjects treated with E+A showed increases in these markers of bone formation. CEE increased, and E+A decreased serum levels of sex hormone-binding globulin as well as triglycerides and high density lipoprotein levels. Only CEE significantly reduced low density lipoproteins. Both regimens were effective in reducing postmenopausal somatic symptoms, but only E+A had a significant effect on psychological symptoms. We conclude that short term administration of androgen with estrogen may reverse the inhibitory effects of estrogen on bone formation. Long term studies are needed to determine the relative benefits and risks of the combination of estrogen and androgen and whether this results in greater increases in bone mass and strength.
A novel functional CT contrast agent for molecular imaging of cancer (2010)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) labeled gold nanoparticle (AuNP-2-DG) as a functionally targeted computed tomography (CT) contrast agent to obtain high-resolution metabolic and anatomic information of tumor in a single CT scan. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were fabricated and were conjugated with 1-DG or 2-DG. 1-DG provides an excellent comparison since it is known to interfere with the ability of the glucose transporter to recognize the sugar moiety. The human alveolar epithelial cancer cell line, A-549, was chosen for the in vitro cellular uptake assay. Three groups of cell samples were incubated with the 1-DG or 2-DG labeled AuNP and the unlabeled AuNP. Following the incubation, the cells were washed with sterile phosphate buffered saline to remove the excess AuNPs and spun using a centrifuge. The cell pellets were imaged using a microCT scanner immediately after the centrifugation. Internalization of AuNP-2-DG is verified using transmission electron microscopy imaging. Significant contrast enhancement in the cell samples incubated with the AuNP-2-DG with respect to the cell samples incubated with the unlabeled AuNP and the AuNP-1-DG was observed in multiple CT slices. Results from our in vitro experiments suggest that the AuNP-2-DG may be used as a functional CT contrast agent to provide high-resolution metabolic and anatomic information in a single CT scan. These results justify further in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the feasibility of using the AuNP-2-DG as a functional CT contrast agent in radiation therapy settings.
Sensitive and Specific Immunodetection of Human Glandular Kallikrein 2 in Serum (2000)

Our assay had extremely low cross-reactivity with PSA, provided a very low detection limit, and allowed close to equimolar detection of the free and complexed forms of hK2. Moreover, we found that free hK2 is the predominant immunoreactive form of hK2 in serum.
Chronic cough: an Asian perspective. Part 1: Epidemiology (2015)

Asia is one of the most diverse and dynamic continents. Due to recent rapid industrialisation and urbanisation, morbidity patterns are likely to be diverse in Asian populations. Chronic cough is a disease condition resulting from host-environmental interactions, and is associated with a high global epidemiological burden. However, the underlying epidemiology remains unclear, particularly in Asia. We performed a literature search to identify peer-reviewed articles on chronic cough in community-based adult Asian populations that have been published between January 2000 and June 2015. In this review, we aim to examine the epidemiological characteristics and determinants of chronic cough in several geographical areas of Asia.
-Glucosidase and cellulase formation by a Trichoderma reesei mutant defective in constitutive -glucosidase formation (1990)

A mutant of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 - T. reesei M8 - was isolated after γ-irradiation. It did not form β-glucosidase during growth on glycerol or glucose, but secreted β-glucosidase upon growth on cellobiose. The mutant was also able to grow on cellulose and secrete β-glucosidase, but with a longer lag. β-Glucosidase activity could be induced in the mutant in a replacement medium by cellobiose and β-methyl d-glucoside. Mycelia lacking β-glucosidase were able to take up both these inducers immediately, indicating the presence of a constitutive permease. The mutant produced cellulases upon growth on lactose and - after a lag - on cellulose. Mycelia of T. reesei M8 pregrown on glycerol or cellobiose could be induced by sophorose to produce cellobiohydrolase I in a replacement system. The findings show that (i) cellobiose and other β-linked disaccharides can be taken up by T. reesei without prior hydrolysis, and (ii) that cellobiose most probably induces β-glucosidase formation during growth on cellulose.
Multiple Fluorescence-Based PCR-SSCP Analysis Using Internal Fluorescent Labeling of PCR Products (1996)

The method to internally label PCR products with multiple colored fluorescent dyes was developed and applied to multiple fluorescence-based PCR single-stranded conformational polymorphism (MF-PCR-SSCP) analysis. PCR-amplified fluorescent DNA fragments, which were internally labeled by adding fluorescent dUTPs ([F]dUTPs) to the PCR mixture, were heat-denatured and applied to a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel (SSCP gel) set on an automated DNA sequencer with a gel temperature-controlling system. The image data were analyzed by GENESCAN 672 software. In spite of differences in species and amount of integrated [F]dUTPs, the SSCP profiles were not significantly affected, even by the different labeling methods used-internal labeling or post-labeling at the 3' ends-in regard to the three different [F]dUTPs examined. However, the salt concentration of the solution containing the DNA samples affected the SSCP profiles. The internally labeled [F]dUTP-containing DNA fragments beyond 1000 bp in length were successfully digested with restriction endonucleases and subjected to SSCP analysis. MF-PCR-SSCP analysis with internal fluorescence labeling affords a simple and sensitive method to detect alterations in DNA sequences.
FACE ANNOTATION FOR FAMILY PHOTO ALBUM MANAGEMENT (2003)

In this paper, we propose a framework to semi-automatically annotate faces in family photo albums. The core of the framework is the features used to define face similarity and this results in the learning algorithm used to refine automatic face annotation. We have adopted similarity based search and relevance feedback ideas developed for content-based image retrieval and a set of simple yet effective color and texture based features, in addition to the traditional face recognition features, in performing candidate annotation search. The experimental evaluation of the proposed approach has been conducted with a family album of 1707 photos and the results show that the proposed approach is an effective and efficient one for semi-automatic family photo album annotation.
Lethality induced by a single site-specific double-strand break in a dispensable yeast plasmid. (1993)

Cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are delayed in the G2 phase of the cell cycle following chromosomal DNA damage. This arrest is RAD9-dependent and suggests a signaling mechanism(s) between chromosomal lesions and cell cycling. We examined the global nature of growth inhibition caused by an HO endonuclease-induced double-strand break (DSB) at a 45-bp YZ sequence (from MAT YZ) in a non-yeast region of a dispensable single-copy plasmid. The presence of an unrepaired DSB results in cellular death even though the plasmid is dispensable. Loss of cell viability is partially dependent on the RAD9 gene product. Following induction of the DSB, 40% of RAD+ and 49% of rad9 delta cells [including both unbudded (G1) and budded (S plus G2) cells] did not progress further in the cell cycle. The remaining RAD+ cells progressed to form microcolonies (< 30 cells) containing aberrantly shaped inviable cells. For the rad9 delta mutant, the majority of the remaining cells produced viable colonies accounting for the greater survival of the rad9 delta strain. Based on the profound effects of a single nonchromosomal DNA lesion, this system provides a convenient means for studying the signaling effects of a DNA lesion, as well as for designing strategies for modulating cell proliferation.
Multispectral iris authentication system against counterfeit attack using gradient-based image fusion (2007)

A new iris recognition scheme using multispectral iris images aimed for preventing the counterfeit attack is proposed. In the proposed system, multispectral infrared iris images are taken in order to utilize the spectral features of real iris. Rather than additionally deciding whether the enrolled iris is fake or not, the multispectral images are fused into a grayscale image to contain the complementary information among them by a gradient-based image fusion algorithm, and the iris region of the fused image is applied directly to the recognition procedure. Through the fusion process, the images which do not show multispectral variations result in a scrambled image that does not contain the exact features of the original iris. Because of the failure in the fusion process, the fused image of a fake iris does not match the original iris features in the database. Thus, they are simply rejected in the recognition step. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme successfully localizes the iris position of real irises and prevents possible counterfeit attacks while maintaining the performance of the authentication system.
Differential nucleobase protection against 5-fluorouracil toxicity for squamous and columnar cells: implication for tissue function and oncogenesis (2015)

The directed application of the normal nucleobase uracil to the squamous cells of the oral mucosa and palms and soles together with the delivery of the normal nucleobase adenine to the columnar cells of the GI tract may enable the safe delivery of higher 5FU dose intensity. These results also suggest a feature of tissue function where squamous cells grow largely by recycling overlying tissue cell components. Columnar cells use absorbed surface nutrients for de novo growth. A disruption of this tissue function can result in growth derived from an underlying nutrient source. That change would also cause the loss of the region of cell turnover at the tissue surface. Subsequent cell proliferation with limiting nutrient availability could promote oncogenesis in such initiated tissue.
G Protein β5 Subunit Interactions with α Subunits and Effectors (2000)

When the beta(5) (short form) and gamma(2) subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins were expressed with hexahistidine-tagged alpha(i) in insect cells, a heterotrimeric complex was formed that bound to a Ni-NTA-agarose affinity matrix. Binding to the Ni-NTA-agarose column was dependent on expression of hexahistidine-tagged alpha(i) and resulted in purification of beta(5)gamma(2) to near homogeneity. Subsequent anion-exchange chromatography of beta(5)gamma(2) resulted in resolution of beta(5) from gamma(2) and further purification of beta(5). The purified beta(5) eluted as a monomer from a size-exclusion column and was resistant to trypsin digestion suggesting that it was stably folded in the absence of gamma. beta(5) monomer could be assembled with partially purified hexahistidine-tagged gamma(2) in vitro to form a functional dimer that could selectively activate PLC beta2 but not PLC beta3. alpha(o)-GDP inhibited activation of PLC beta2 by beta(5)gamma(2) supporting the idea that beta(5)gamma(2) can bind to alpha(o). beta(5) monomer and beta(5)gamma(2) only supported a small degree of ADP ribosylation of alpha(i) by pertussis toxin (PTX), but beta(5) monomer was able to compete for beta(1)gamma(2) binding to alpha(i) and alpha(o) to inhibit PTX-catalyzed ADP ribosylation. These data indicate that beta(5) functionally interacts with PTX-sensitive GDP alpha subunits and that beta(5) subunits can be assembled with gamma subunits in vitro to reconstitute activity and also support the idea that there are determinants on beta subunits that are selective for even very closely related effectors.
Wealth, Post-materialism and Consumers' Pro-environmental Intentions: A Multilevel Analysis across 25 Nations (2011)

This research aims to test Inglehart's thesis regarding the relationship between post-materialist values, wealth of nations and environmental intentions as measured by willingness to sacrifice to protect the environment. Due to the hierarchical nature of the data, the study uses multilevel and Bayesian multilevel modeling to cross-culturally test Inglehart's thesis. The results from 25 nations contradict Inglehart's thesis, which claims that environmental intentions are post-material values—a set of attitudes that develop among wealthy people once the more basic needs have been achieved. The general pattern of the results shows that willingness to sacrifice to protect the environment is a global phenomenon and not unique to the wealthy nations. The findings of this paper highlight the importance of simultaneously assessing individual-level and contextual-level variables in determining environmental intentions across nations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The Rationale for Developing Global Competence (2009)

Menstrual abnormalities are associated with negative energy balance and reduced energy expenditure (REE). To examine this relationship in elite adolescent aesthetic athletes, 3 groups of females (aged 15-18 years) were studied: 10 oligo/amenorrheic athletes (OA), 11 eumenorrheic athletes (EA), and 8 non-athlete controls (C). Components of energy balance, body composition, dietary restraint, pubertal maturation, and luteal phase salivary progesterone were assessed in all groups. Both groups of athletes had a later age of menarche and lower pubertal development score compared to the non-athletes (p < or = .05). With the exception of salivary progesterone (ng/ml; OA = 0. 15 +/- 0.01 <EA = 0.29 +/- 0.1 and C = 0.30 +/- 0.13, p = .007), there were no differences between the athlete groups. Energy balance (kcal/d) in the OA group was lower (-290 +/- 677) compared to eitherEA (-5 +/- 461) or C ( 179 +/- 592) but did not reach significance (p =.24). Dietary energy intake and absolute REE (kcal/d) were not different among groups, despite detectable differences in reproductive status, and thus could not be attributed to differences in energy balance or REE.
TRP-PLIK, a Bifunctional Protein with Kinase and Ion Channel Activities (2001)

We cloned and characterized a protein kinase and ion channel, TRP-PLIK. As part of the long transient receptor potential channel subfamily implicated in control of cell division, it is a protein that is both an ion channel and a protein kinase. TRP-PLIK phosphorylated itself, displayed a wide tissue distribution, and, when expressed in CHO-K1 cells, constituted a nonselective, calcium-permeant, 105-picosiemen, steeply outwardly rectifying conductance. The zinc finger containing alpha-kinase domain was functional. Inactivation of the kinase activity by site-directed mutagenesis and the channel's dependence on intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) demonstrated that the channel's kinase activity is essential for channel function.
Nutrition in Critical Care (1994)

Nutrition in Critical Care provides comprehensive coverage of current aspects of nutrition in the critically-ill patient. It reviews and summarizes information related to disease-specific nutrients (peptides, arginine, glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids, fibre). The book discusses the basics of nutritional assessment, fuel metabolism, enteral and parenteral nutrition, immunonutrition, and the vast use of nutrition during various disease states (trauma, burns, sepsis, respiratory failure, cancer, AIDS).
A gene for high urinary kallikrein may protect against hypertension in Utah kindreds. (1989)

The inheritance of 12-hour overnight total urinary kallikrein excretion and its association with family history of essential hypertension were studied in 405 normotensive adults and 391 youths in 57 Utah pedigrees. Total urinary kallikrein excretion was highly familial with 51% of the total variance attributable to a dominant allele for high total urinary kallikrein excretion and 27% attributable to the combined effects of polygenes and shared family environment. An estimated 28% of the population has one or two copies of the dominant allele for high total urinary kallikrein excretion (2.3 SD units higher than the low homozygotes). About 83% of the population could be assigned to one of the two genotypic populations. Individuals with the high total urinary kallikrein excretion genotype were significantly less likely to have one or two hypertensive parents (relative odds = 0.56, p = 0.042). We conclude that a dominant allele expressed as high total urinary kallikrein excretion may be associated with decreased risk of essential hypertension. Further studies should be performed to confirm this finding and to test for interactions between this apparently protective gene and other genetic and environmental determinants of essential hypertension.
Trimodal detection of early childhood caries using laser light scanning and fluorescence spectroscopy: clinical prototype (2013)

There is currently a need for a safe and effective way to detect and diagnose early stages of childhood caries. A multimodal optical clinical prototype for diagnosing caries demineralization in vivo has been developed. The device can be used to quickly image and screen for any signs of demineralized enamel by obtaining high-resolution and high-contrast surface images using a 405-nm laser as the illumination source, as well as obtaining autofluorescence and bacterial fluorescence images. When a suspicious region of demineralization is located, the device also performs dual laser fluorescence spectroscopy using 405- and 532-nm laser excitation. An autofluorescence ratio of the two excitation lasers is computed and used to quantitatively diagnose enamel health. The device was tested on five patients in vivo as well as on 28 extracted teeth with clinically diagnosed carious lesions. The device was able to provide detailed images that highlighted the lesions identified by the clinicians. The autofluorescence spectroscopic ratios obtained from the extracted teeth successfully quantitatively discriminated between sound and demineralized enamel.
Dual-Output Stacked Class-EE Power Amplifiers in 45nm SOI CMOS for Q-Band Applications (2012)

Stacking multiple devices improves the output power and efficiency in mmWave power amplifiers by increasing the achievable output voltage swing. This work presents a new topology for stacked Class-E-like power amplifiers. In this technique, a Class-E load network is placed at the drain node of each stacked device, which imparts a true Class-E behavior to all the devices in the stack. The resulting topology is called the Dual (Multi) Output Stacked Class-EE PA. Two Q-band prototypes - a unit cell with 2 devices stacked, and a power-combined version employing two such unit cells - have been fabricated in IBM's 45nm SOI CMOS technology using the 56nm body-contacted devices. Measurements yield a peak PAE of 25.5% for the Dual Output Stacked Class-EE unit cell with saturated output power of 17.9 dBm, and a peak PAE >;16% for the power-combined version with saturated output power >;19.1 dBm. Excellent correspondence is observed between simulation and measurement as a consequence of active and passive device modeling efforts.