gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of lipocortin I in macrophage-mediated immunosuppression in tumor-bearing mice. (1990)

The soluble mediators and/or mechanisms involved in immunosuppression in tumor-bearing hosts are not well characterized, although macrophages have long been recognized as major participants. We have investigated the role of lipocortin I, a phospholipid-binding protein, in macrophage-mediated immunosuppression in tumor-bearing mice. Proliferation of splenic lymphocytes in response to the mitogens (PHA, Con A, LPS, and PWM) was severely suppressed in tumor (Sqc-NH-1 carcinoma)-bearing mice. This immunosuppression was associated with a decrease in T and B lymphocytes and an increase in macrophages in these spleens. Mac-2+ macrophages were found only in spleens from tumor-bearing mice. Splenic macrophages from tumor-bearing, but not normal, mice were responsible for this immunosuppression, as revealed by negative and positive selection experiments. The levels of lipocortin I mRNA expression were markedly increased in peripheral blood cells from tumor-bearing mice as compared with those from normal mice. Lipocortin I mRNA was strongly induced in splenic mononuclear cells from tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, these cells displayed increased expression of lipocortin I protein, as judged by Western blot analysis with polyclonal anti-lipocortin I serum. Some nonimmune organs such as the heart, submaxillary gland, muscle, and bladder also displayed increased levels of lipocortin I mRNA expression in tumor-bearing mice. Mac-2+ macrophages among the splenic mononuclear cells in tumor-bearing mice expressed lipocortin I mRNA, as judged by negative and positive selection experiments. Most of these Mac-2+ macrophages also had Mac-1 and Mac-3 Ag. Lipocortin I protein was increased in the serum of tumor-bearing mice as compared with normal mice. The culture supernatants of splenic cells from tumor-bearing mice suppressed the mitogenic responses of splenic cells from normal mice, and addition of anti-lipocortin I antiserum inhibited this suppression. Furthermore, recombinant mouse lipocortin I suppressed mitogenic responses of splenic cells from normal mice. In summary, Mac-2+ macrophage-derived lipocortin I was largely involved in immunosuppression in tumor-bearing mice.
An ELISA for the detection of Bacillus subtilis L-form bacteria confirms their symbiosis in strawberry (2000)

This will be a valuable rapid method to further studies on L-form plant interactions.
Membrane-targeting potentiates guanine nucleotide exchange factor CDC25 and SOS1 activation of Ras transforming activity. (1994)

Growth factor-triggered activation of Ras proteins is believed to be mediated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (CDC25/GRF and SOS1/2) that promote formation of the active Ras GTP-bound state. Although the mechanism(s) of guanine nucleotide exchange factor regulation is unclear, recent studies suggest that translocation of SOS1 to the plasma membrane, where Ras is located, might be responsible for Ras activation. To evaluate this model, we generated constructs that encode the catalytic domains of human CDC25 or mouse SOS1, either alone (designated cCDC25 and cSOS1, respectively) or terminating in the carboxyl-terminal CAAX membrane-targeting sequence from K-Ras4B (designated cCDC25-CAAX and cSOS1-CAAX, respectively; in CAAX, C is Cys, A is an aliphatic amino acid, and X is Ser or Met). We then compared the transforming potential of cCDC25 and cSOS1 with their membrane-targeted counterparts. We observed that addition of the Ras plasma membrane-targeting sequence to the catalytic domains of CDC25 and SOS1 greatly enhanced their focus-forming activity (10- to 50-fold) in NIH 3T3 transfection assays. Similarly, we observed that the membrane-targeted versions showed a 5- to 10-fold enhanced ability to induce transcriptional activation from the Ets/AP-1 Ras-responsive element. Furthermore, whereas cells that stably expressed cCDC25 or cSOS1 exhibited the same morphologies as untransformed NIH 3T3 cells, cells expressing cCDC25-CAAX or cSOS1-CAAX displayed transformed morphologies that were indistinguishable from the elongated and refractile morphology of oncogenic Ras-transformed cells. Thus, these results suggest that membrane translocation alone is sufficient to potentiate guanine nucleotide exchange factor activation of Ras.
Human peripheral B cells: A different cytometric point of view (2003)

Our preliminary data show that, in human B cell cytometry, the apparent fluorescence density based method allows one to recognize variations in fluorescence intensities solely due to cell size differences and to disclose patterns of expression not detectable by the conventional intensity based approach.
MIG (CXCL9) is a more sensitive measure than IFN-γ of vaccine induced T-cell responses in volunteers receiving investigated malaria vaccines (2008)

For many years the IFN-gamma ex vivo ELISPOT has been a major assay for assessing human T-cell responses generated by malaria vaccines. The ELISPOT assay is a sensitive assay, but an imperfect correlate of protection against malaria. Monokine induced by gamma (MIG), or CXCL9, is a chemokine induced by IFN-gamma and has the potential to provide amplification of the IFN-gamma signal. MIG secretion could provide a measure of bio-active IFN-gamma and a functional IFN-gamma signalling pathway. We report that detecting MIG by flow cytometry and by RT-PCR can be more sensitive than the detection of IFN-gamma using these methods. We also find that there is little inter-individual variability in MIG secretion when detected by flow cytometry and that the MIG assay may be used to estimate the amount of bio-active IFN-gamma present. Measurement of MIG alongside IFN-gamma may provide a fuller picture of Th1 type responses post-vaccination.
Slik Sterile-20 kinase regulates Moesin activity to promote epithelial integrity during tissue growth (2004)

The Drosophila Sterile-20 kinase Slik promotes tissue growth during development by stimulating cell proliferation and by preventing apoptosis. Proliferation within an epithelial sheet requires dynamic control of cellular architecture. Epithelial integrity fails in slik mutant imaginal discs. Cells leave the epithelium and undergo apoptosis. The abnormal behavior of slik mutant cells is due to failure to phosphorylate and activate Moesin, which leads to excess Rho1 activity. This is distinct from Slik's effects on cell proliferation, which are mediated by Raf. Thus Slik acts via distinct pathways to coordinate cell proliferation with epithelial cell behavior during tissue growth.
URINARY TRACT BIOMATERIALS (2004)

Prosthetic devices formed from biomaterials will continue to be an essential tool in the practicing urologist's armamentarium. Ongoing research is essential to optimize biocompatibility and decrease biomaterial related complications such as infection and encrustation within the urinary tract. Future advances include biodegradables, novel coatings and tissue engineering.
Interferon-alpha-induced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins in malignant melanoma. (1998)

IFN-alpha2b has been used to treat patients with malignant melanoma who are at high risk for recurrence after surgical resection. However, its exact mechanism of action is unknown. I hypothesized that IFN-alpha exerts a direct effect on the melanoma cell via the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins. Cell lysates from melanoma cell lines and patient tumor samples stimulated with IFN-alpha were incubated with radiolabeled oligonucleotides representing the high affinity sis-inducible element of c-fos and the IFN stimulated response element and then analyzed for STAT activation using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Melanoma cell lines showed no evidence for constitutive STAT activation in the absence of cytokine stimulation but exhibited rapid activation of STAT1 and STAT2 once treated with IFN-alpha. A distinct dose-response curve was noted with maximal STAT activation occurring at approximately 10(5) units/ml IFN-alpha. Genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, completely suppressed IFN-alpha-induced STAT activation. Malignant melanoma tumors obtained from 17 patients exhibited dose-dependent activation of STAT1 and STAT2 in response to treatment with IFN-alpha. Pretreatment of patient melanoma tumor cells with IFN-gamma resulted in a 4 log-fold decrease in the IFN-alpha concentration required for STAT activation and promoted the increased expression of STAT1, STAT2, and p48. In summary, IFN-alpha consistently activated STAT1 and STAT2 proteins in melanoma cell lines and in melanoma tumors obtained directly from patients. This signaling pathway was dramatically sensitized to IFN-alpha by pretreatment of melanoma cells with low concentrations of IFN-gamma. These results provide molecular evidence to support the hypothesis that the clinical response to IFN-alpha may be mediated, in part, by a direct effect on the melanoma cell. These results also suggest a potential role for IFN-gamma in the treatment of malignant melanoma.
A co-boresighted synchronized ladar/EO imager for creating 3D images of dynamic scenes (2005)

An integrated ladar/EO imager has been developed that synchronizes and aligns CMOS digital camera readouts with the scan motion of a time-of-flight pulsed ladar . A prototype has been developed at the Utah State University Center for Advanced Imaging Ladar that reads out a 13 by 13 patch of RGB pixels within the subtended angle of a single ladar beam footprint. The readout location for the patch is slaved to the ladar and follows the ladar beam as it is scanned within the field-of-view. As the scanning occurs, the x-y-z position of each footprint and associated image patch is determined via the ladar. Multiple patches can then be mosaiked to build up a 3D image composed of 3D texture elements (texels) or 3D splats. Because of its ability to produce texels on-the-fly, the system is called a Texel Camera. The approach precludes mismatched occlusions and other ill-effects when motion occurs in the scene. The existing prototype consists of a single-channel flying-spot ladar running at approximately 470 shots/second and a color imager running at approximately 160 times the shot rate. Other designs are in development that employ line-flash and array flash ladar components that will run at pixel rates up to two orders of magnitude faster. The ability to create high-fidelity combined ladar/EO data sets in real time will be advantageous for time-critical applications such as cruise missile automatic target recognition. The design has the potential for applications in space rendezvous and dock, airborne automatic target recognition, surveillance from a tripod, and others that benefit from real-time 3D imagery creation.
Molecular Reaction Dynamics (Reid, K. L.; Wheatley, R. J.; Brydges, S.W.; Horton, J. C.) (1999)

An instructional computer program that allows students to interactively explore the collision dynamics of simple bimolecular reactions of the type H + HX (where X is F, Cl, or Br). The program is intended for students studying this topic at the level of an undergraduate physical chemistry course.
Apoptotic Regression of MCF-7 Xenografts in Nude Mice Treated with the Vitamin D3Analog, EB10891 (1998)

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] and its synthetic analog EB1089 induce characteristic morphological features of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in vitro that coincide with up-regulation of clusterin and cathepsin B, proteins associated with apoptosis in the mammary gland, and with down-regulation of Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein. To determine whether vitamin D3 compounds could mediate apoptosis of breast tumors in vivo, we treated nude mice carrying established MCF-7 xenografts with the low calcemic vitamin D3 analog EB1089 via daily injection or sustained release pellets for up to 5 weeks. The volume of tumors from mice treated with 45 pmol/day EB1089 was 4-fold lower than that of tumors from vehicle-treated control mice after 5 weeks. The reduced growth of tumors from EB1089-treated mice was associated with characteristic apoptotic morphology and a marked reduction in the proportion of epithelial cells to stroma. After 5 weeks of treatment with EB1089, MCF-7 tumors exhibited a 6-fold increase in DNA fragmentation (as measured by in situ end labeling) relative to that in control tumors. The enhanced rate of apoptosis in tumors from EB1089-treated mice was coupled to a 2-fold reduction in proliferation (as measured by expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen) compared with that in tumors from control mice. The antitumor effects of EB1089 were evident at doses that had minimal effects on serum calcium and body weight. EB1089 treatment did not alter the growth of xenografts derived from a vitamin D3-resistant variant of MCF-7 cells (MCF-7(D3Res) cells), which display resistance to EB1089 in vitro, indicating that resistance to EB1089 is maintained in vivo. Tumors derived from both MCF-7 and MCF-7(D3Res) cells underwent apoptotic regression upon estradiol withdrawal, indicating comparable estrogen dependence of tumors with differential sensitivity to vitamin D3 compounds. These are the first studies to demonstrate apoptotic morphology and regression of human breast tumors in response to treatment with a vitamin D3 analog in vivo and support the concept that vitamin D3 compounds can effectively target human breast cancer.
Plasma and cellular contributions to fibrin network formation, structure and stability (2010)

Growing evidence suggests that fibrin network structure and stability are important determinants of haemostasis and thrombosis, with alterations in fibrin structure implicated as a causative mechanism in various haemostatic and thrombotic disorders. In haemophilia, for example, deficiency of factor VIII or IX reduces the rate and peak of thrombin generation and produces coarse fibrin clots that show increased susceptibility to fibrinolysis. More recently, studies have shown significant effects of cellular activity and integrin composition on fibrin network and stability. Platelets support the formation of a dense, stable fibrin network via interactions between the alphaIIbbeta3 integrin and the fibrin network, whereas tissue factor-bearing cells regulate fibrin structure and stability predominantly via procoagulant activity. Highly procoagulant extravascular cells (e.g. fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells) support the formation of dense fibrin networks that resist fibrinolysis, whereas unstimulated intravascular cells (e.g. endothelial cells) produce coarser networks that are susceptible to fibrinolysis. Moreover, cellular contributions produce heterogeneous clots in which fibrin network density and stability decrease with increasing distance from the cell surface. Together, these findings suggest that specific plasma and cellular mechanisms link thrombin generation, clot stability and haemostatic or thrombotic outcome. Understanding these mechanisms may provide new therapeutic targets in the management of bleeding and thrombotic disorders.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE NATURAL CAROTENOIDS AND STRUCTURALLY RELATED NATURAL PRODUCTS. IX. SYNTHESIS OF (3R)‐HYDROXYECHINENONE, (3R,3′R)‐ AND (3R,3′S)‐ADONIXANTHIN, (3R)‐ADONIRUBIN, THEIR OPTICAL ANTIPODES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1982)

Abstract Wittig‐Reaktion der Phosphoniumsalze (Ia) bzw. (Ib)‐(Ih) mit dem Dialdehyd (IIa) bzw. dem cyclischen Acetal (IIb) in Na‐methylat (Methode A) oder.
Urine dendritic cells: a noninvasive probe for immune activity in bladder cancer? (2004)

We identified DC in the urine of patients with bladder cancer for the first time. We speculate that variability in the percentage of urinary DC may reflect changes in immunological activity at the tumour site; prospective studies are required to evaluate the relevance of these DC counts and characteristics to clinical outcome.
Measuring Systemic Inflammatory Regulation in Older Adults: Evidence and Utility (2009)

Aging is frequently accompanied by a proinflammatory state with adverse health consequences. This state is commonly assessed by markers in serum, either in isolation or ad hoc combination. We sought, alternatively, to develop scores summarizing multiple markers in accordance with biology on inflammatory regulation and evaluate their value added for discriminating functional outcomes in older adults. Data came from InCHIANTI (Invecchiare in Chianti; Aging in the Chianti Area) study participants age 65 years and older. Serum concentrations of seven inflammatory biomediators were subjected to latent variable analysis implementing a biological model of counterbalancing up- and down-regulation processes. Resulting process constructs were approximated by principal component scores; these, and individual markers, were evaluated as predictors of mobility impairment and frailty status in regression analyses, adjusting for key confounders. The biomediators' interrelationships were well predicted by the hypothesized biology. The up-regulation score was independently associated with worsened mobility functioning and frailty risk. For mobility, the association was stronger than, persisted independently of, and accounted for association with each biomediator. The down regulation score was associated with frailty outcomes. We conclude that systemic inflammation is relevant to the process that leads to functional loss in older persons and can be validly measured through biologically informed summary of inflammatory markers.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study of Subcortical Gray Matter in CADASIL (2001)

Our results suggest that microstructural tissue alterations are present in the putamen and thalamus, outside the typical lacunar infarcts in CADASIL. In the thalamus, these microstructural changes appear constant and are even observed in asymptomatic subjects. Some of these thalamic changes appear to result from degeneration of thalamocortical pathways secondary to ischemic white matter damage. The importance of this degenerative phenomenon in the pathophysiology of CADASIL requires further investigation.
Activation of nuclear factor kappaB through the IKK complex by the topoisomerase poisons SN38 and doxorubicin: a brake to apoptosis in HeLa human carcinoma cells. (2001)

The transcription factor nuclear factor (NF) kappaB is involved in the regulation of cell survival. NFkappaB is activated in many malignant tumors and seems to play a role in the resistance to cytostatic treatments and escape from apoptosis. We have studied the effects on NFkappaB activation of two topoisomerase poisons and DNA damaging agents that are used in chemotherapy: SN38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin), the active metabolite of CPT11, and doxorubicin. In HeLa cells, both drugs activate NFkappaB using a preexisting pathway that requires a functional IkappaB-specific kinase complex, IkappaB-specific kinase activation, IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation, and degradation. Blocking NFkappaB activation by stable expression of a mutant super-repressor IkappaB-alpha molecule sensitized HeLa cells to the apoptotic actions of drugs and tumor necrosis factor. RNase protection assay analysis demonstrate that NFkappaB is involved in the regulation of a complex pattern of gene activation and repression during the cellular response of HeLa cells to topoisomerase poisons. The blockade of NF-kappaB activation seems to shift the death/survival balance toward apoptosis.
방송통신고등학교의 사이버교육 체제와 학습자의 ICT 활용 실태 (2016)

방송통신고등학교는 전쟁 이후 학교 교육 시설의 부족과 어려운 경제 사정으로 정규 고등학교 진학의 기회를 갖지 못한 이들을 대상으로 공교육을 제공하기 위한 목적으로 설립되었다. 1974년 서울과 부산의 11개 공립학교 부설 방송통신고등학교가 첫 개교하면서부터 라디오 중심 방송 체제가 시작되었고, 2008년부터 전학년 인터넷 기반 사이버교육 체제로 전환하여 운영되고 있다. 2016년 현재 전국 42개 일반 고등학교의 부설로 운영되는 방송통신고등학교는 연간 20일 이상의 출석수업 외에 인터넷 기반 학습관리시스템을 구축한 것은 물론 스마트폰, 타블렛 PC 등의 스마트 기기를 통한 원격수업이 혼합되어 운영되고 있다. 방송통신고 등학교에서도 학습자 중심의 자기주도적인 학습이 이루어지기 위해서는 학습자가 기초적인 ICT 활용능력을 갖추는 것이 선행되어야 한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 일반 고등학교에 비해서 10대부터 50대 이상까지 다양한 연령대의 학습자가 있다 보니 학습자의 ICT 활용 능력이 구축된 사이버교육 체제에 미치지 못하고 있다. 이에 방송통신고등학교의 사이버교육 체제의 특성과 학습자의 ICT 활용 실태를 분석하고, 학습자 맞춤형 교육이 이루어지기 위해 필요한 ICT 활용 지원 방안을 제시하였다.
Submicron InP-InGaAs single heterojunction bipolar transistors with f/sub T/ of 377 GHz (2003)

Submicron InP-InGaAs-based single heterojunction bipolar transistors (SHBTs) are fabricated to achieve record-breaking speed performance using an aggressively scaled epitaxial structure coupled with a submicron emitter process. SHBTs with dimensions of 0.35 ×16 μm have demonstrated a maximum current gain cutoff frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> of 377 GHz with a simultaneous maximum power gain cutoff frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 230 GHz at the current density Jc of 650 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Typical BV/sub CEO/ values exceed 3.7 V.
Application of Particulate Traps and Fuel Additives for Reduction of Exhaust Emissions (1984)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;With the aid of a mathematical model the course of the reaction has been calculated for the system fuel additive / particulate trap; the effects of various additives were measured.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The adjustment of a suitable regeneration system on a 1,6 liter turbocharged diesel engine is described, the effects on emission and wear is shown, an additive metering system is demonstrated.&lt;/div&gt;
Mass-Rearing of the Larvae of Nine Noctuid Species on a Simple Artificial Medium12 (1965)

A simple artificial medium has been developed and handling procedures have been devised to facilitate the mass-rearing of a variety of noctuid species with a minimum expenditure of time and money. The medium, composed of dry beans, yeast, ascorbic acid, agar, water, and 3 mold inhibitors, satisfactorily supports the development of larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) ; the alfalfa looper, Autographa californica (Speyer); the yellow-striped armyworm, Prodenia ornithogalli Guenée; the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) ; the bollworm, Heliothis zea (Bocklie) ; the tobacco budworm, H. virescens (F.); H. phloxiphaga G. & R.; the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth); and the variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia (Hübner). Details are given concerning the development, viability, and fecundity of laboratory-reaied individuals of the first 6 of these species.
An investigation of space-path hybrid diversity scheme for base station reception in CDMA mobile radio (1994)

In CDMA mobile radio communication systems, degradation of instantaneous signal to interference power ratio (C/I), which causes impairment of frequency utilization factor, will be significant in multipath fading environments. In this paper, a hybrid diversity scheme for fading reduction combining effects of space diversity and path diversity (represented by the RAKE method) is investigated. A quantitative evaluation of fading reduction effects of the hybrid diversity is performed, comparing them with those of space diversity only and path diversity only. The hybrid diversity scheme is promising in environments where the delay spread of a transmission path is 1 /spl mu/s or less.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>