gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute haemodynamic and renal effects of cyclosporin and indomethacin in man (1994)

A single oral dose of cyclosporin (12 mg/kg) was given to healthy volunteers (n = 9) on day 2 with or without indomethacin pretreatment (100 mg day 1 + 100 mg day 2). All parameters reported were analysed after a water-loading protocol on day 2. As a peak drug effect within 4 h of drug ingestion on day 2 cyclosporin on its own increased mean arterial pressure by 13% (P < 0.05) without causing any sodium retention or renal vasoconstriction. Indomethacin pretreatment did not accentuate this hypertensive effect of cyclosporin. The earliest renal effect observed with cyclosporin on day 2 was on water handling with a marked antidiuretic effect. Free-water clearance decreased by a maximum of 48% (P < 0.05) following cyclosporin. Indomethacin pretreatment induced a similar antidiuresis on day 2 but cyclosporin did not augment this antidiuresis any further. This suggests that inhibition of vasodilator prostaglandins within the kidneys may mediate the antidiuretic effect of cyclosporin such that in the presence of indomethacin, cyclosporin had no additional effect. The inhibition of intrarenal prostaglandins by a single dose of indomethacin did not, however, produce any acute cyclosporin-induced change in glomerular filtration rate or renal blood flow.
Stereoselective Syntheses of Spicy Components in Peppers (1991)

The syntheses of (E)-a.5-unsaturatedamides were accomplished from chloroacetamides and alkyl halides a 5-elimination of the pyrazinylsulfinyl group, and some of the products are spicy components of piperaceous plants.Many piperaceous plants contain various (El-o.5-unsaturatedamides as spicy components (Figure 1).One of the amides, piperlne, has recently attracted attention as a bioactive compound1 and reports concerning the synthesis of piperine and its analogues have often been presented.2Most of the syntheses are carried out the Wittig reaction while Tsuboi et3 recently reported the way + Claisen rearrangement of ketene acetals.However, the yield of the undesired (2)-isomer cannot be avoided by these procedures.We have reported the efficient and highly stereoselective syntheses of (E)-olefins by applying R-elimination of the pyrazinylsulfinyl group which is faster than that of phenylsulfinyl g r ~u ~. ~' ~ Generally, c.8-unsaturated amides are synthesized from the corresponding esters and arnines.We gave no attention to the preparation of the esters and researched the conditions to obtain the present amides from chloroacetamides and alkyl halides by applying our previous procedure.HETEROCYCLES, Vol.32, No. 5, lssl N-[1-0xo-2-(3,6-diisopropyl-2-pyrazinylthio)ethyl]piperidine (E) Colorless needles; mp 62-63°C in-hexane); ms: mlz 321 (Mt); ir (KBr): 1640 1 ( v c o ) cm-; '~-nmr: 6 1.18 (d, J = 7 Hz.12H.CH(Cg3)2 X 2 1 , 1.50-1.63(m.6H.piperidine H), 2.80-3.30(m, 2H.Cg(CH3I2 X 2).3.40-3.63(m, 4H, piperidine H), 4.10 ( 5 , 2H.SCH2CO).8.03 (s, lH, pyrazine HI ppm: Anal.Calcd for C17H27N30S: C. 63.51; H, 8
Cellular antenna switches for multimode applications based on a Silicon-on-Insulator technology (2010)

A Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) CMOS technology on high resistivity silicon substrates is presented for the design of cellular antenna switches. The design and measurement results for an SP9T cellular antenna switch based on this technology are presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an SP9T cellular antenna switch with adequate intermodulation and harmonic distortion performance on a high resistivity SOI CMOS technology.
Solution Structure of a Syndecan-4 Cytoplasmic Domain and Its Interaction with Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate (1998)

Syndecan-4, a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is a coreceptor with integrins in cell adhesion. It has been suggested to form a ternary signaling complex with protein kinase Calpha and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Syndecans each have a unique, central, and variable (V) region in their cytoplasmic domains, and that of syndecan-4 is critical to its interaction with protein kinase C and PIP2. Two oligopeptides corresponding to the variable region (4V) and whole domain (4L) of syndecan-4 cytoplasmic domain were synthesized for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies. Data from NMR and circular dichroism indicate that the cytoplasmic domain undergoes a conformational transition and forms a symmetric dimer in the presence of phospholipid activator PIP2. The solution conformations of both free and PIP2-complexed 4V have been determined by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and dynamical simulated annealing calculations. The 4V peptide in the presence of PIP2 formed a compact dimer with two twisted strands packed parallel to each other and the exposed surface of the dimer consisted of highly charged and polar residues. The overall three-dimensional structure in solution exhibits a twisted clamp shape having a cavity in the center of dimeric interface. In addition, it has been observed that the syndecan-4V strongly interacts not only with fatty acyl groups but also the anionic head group of PIP2. These findings reveal that PIP2 promotes oligomerization of syndecan-4 cytoplasmic domain for transmembrane signaling and cell-matrix adhesion.
Characterization of glycosylated hemoglobins. Relevance to monitoring of diabetic control and analysis of other proteins. (1983)

Boronate affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography were used to measure the levels of glycosylated hemoglobins in normal and diabetic hemolysates, as well as the distribution of glucose adducts on alpha-NH2-valine and epsilon-NH2-lysine residues. When analyzed by ion exchange chromatography on BioRex 70 resin, the Hb Alc peak comprised 4.4 +/- 0.6% of 15 normal hemolysates and 9.1 +/- 2.1% of 15 diabetic hemolysates. The "Hb Alc" was rechromatographed on GlycoGel B boronate affinity resin that binds vicinal hydroxyl groups of covalently linked sugars. Only 70 +/- 5% of the hemoglobin adhered to the resin. Analysis by the thiobarbituric acid colorimetric test confirmed that the affinity resin effectively separated glycosylated from nonglycosylated hemoglobin. When corrected for nonglycosylated contaminants, the mean level of Hb Alc in normal hemolysates was 2.9 +/- 0.4%, a value considerably lower than those previously reported. In addition to Hb Alc, 5.2 +/- 0.5% of the remaining hemoglobin (Hb Ao) was glycosylated. In diabetics, glycosylated Ao was increased in parallel with Hb Alc. After reduction with [3H]borohydride and acid hydrolysis, glycosylated amino acids were first purified on Affi-Gel boronate affinity resin and then analyzed by ion exchange chromatography. The glucose adducts on Hb Ao were distributed as follows: alpha-chain N-terminal valine, 14%; alpha-chain lysines, 40%; beta-chain lysines, 46%. This study has revealed several pitfalls in the analysis of nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins. Peaks isolated by ion exchange chromatography or electrophoresis are likely to be contaminated by nonglycosylated proteins. Furthermore, both the thiobarbituric acid test and [3H]borohydride reduction show variable reactivity depending upon the site of the ketoamine-linked glucose.
Serum Lidocaine Levels During Arthroscopy Using Continuous Irrigation with Lidocaine (1988)

Forty patients with symptoms of internal derangement of the knee were examined arthroscopically under local anesthesia using a continuous irrigation solution of 0.2% lidocaine. Serum levels were measured during and following the procedure to determine peak levels obtained and to assure that toxic levels were not exceeded. The procedure was well tolerated by all patients and found to be adequate by the surgeon. No procedure was terminated because of discomfort. Lidocaine levels ranged from undetectable to 2.5 micrograms/ml with an average of 0.6 microgram/ml. No complications of lidocaine toxicity were noted by the anesthesiologist or the operating surgeon. This technique provides a safe and efficient method of meeting the demands for diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopy in ambulatory patients.
The Histone 3′-Terminal Stem-Loop-Binding Protein Enhances Translation through a Functional and Physical Interaction with Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4G (eIF4G) and eIF3 (2002)

Metazoan cell cycle-regulated histone mRNAs are unique cellular mRNAs in that they terminate in a highly conserved stem-loop structure instead of a poly(A) tail. Not only is the stem-loop structure necessary for 3'-end formation but it regulates the stability and translational efficiency of histone mRNAs. The histone stem-loop structure is recognized by the stem-loop-binding protein (SLBP), which is required for the regulation of mRNA processing and turnover. In this study, we show that SLBP is required for the translation of mRNAs containing the histone stem-loop structure. Moreover, we show that the translation of mRNAs ending in the histone stem-loop is stimulated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing mammalian SLBP. The translational function of SLBP genetically required eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), eIF4G, and eIF3, and expressed SLBP coisolated with S. cerevisiae initiation factor complexes that bound the 5' cap in a manner dependent on eIF4G and eIF3. Furthermore, eIF4G coimmunoprecipitated with endogenous SLBP in mammalian cell extracts and recombinant SLBP and eIF4G coisolated. These data indicate that SLBP stimulates the translation of histone mRNAs through a functional interaction with both the mRNA stem-loop and the 5' cap that is mediated by eIF4G and eIF3.
A Comparison of Single-Molecule Emission in Aluminum and Gold Zero-Mode Waveguides (2016)

The effect of gold and aluminum zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) on the brightness of immobilized single emitters was characterized by probing fluorophores that absorb in the green and red regions of the visible spectrum. Aluminum ZMWs enhance the emission of Atto565 fluorophores upon green excitation, but they do not enhance the emission of Atto647N fluorophores upon red excitation. Gold ZMWs increase emission of both fluorophores with Atto647N showing enhancement that is threefold higher than that observed for Atto565. This work indicates that 200 nm gold ZMWs are better suited for single-molecule fluorescence studies in the red region of the visible spectrum, while aluminum appears more suited for the green region of the visible spectrum.
Colchicine for prophylaxis of acute flares when initiating allopurinol for chronic gouty arthritis. (2004)

Colchicine prophylaxis during initiation of allopurinol for chronic gouty arthritis reduces the frequency and severity of acute flares, and reduces the likelihood of recurrent flares. Treating patients with colchicine during initiation of allopurinol therapy for 6 months is supported by our data.
Sensitivity of arabinosyladenine-resistant mutants of herpes simplex virus to other antiviral drugs and mapping of drug hypersensitivity mutations to the DNA polymerase locus (1985)

Seven herpes simplex virus mutants which have been previously shown to be resistant to arabinosyladenine were examined for their sensitivities to four types of antiviral drugs. These drugs were a pyrophosphate analog, four nucleoside analogs altered in their sugar moieties, two nucleoside analogs altered in their base moieties, and one altered in both. The seven mutants exhibited five distinct phenotypes based on their sensitivities to the drugs relative to wild-type strain KOS. All mutants exhibited resistance to acyclovir and arabinosylthymine, as well as marginal resistance to iododeoxyuridine, whereas all but one exhibited resistance to phosphonoformic acid. The mutants exhibited either sensitivity or hypersensitivity to other drugs tested--2'-nor-deoxyguanosine, 5-methyl-2'-fluoroarauracil, 5-iodo-2'-fluoroarauracil, and bromovinyldeoxyuridine--some of which differed only slightly from drugs to which the mutants were resistant. These results suggest ways to detect and treat arabinosyladenine-resistant isolates in the clinic. Antiviral hypersensitivity was a common phenotype. Mutations conferring hypersensitivity to 2'-nor-deoxyguanosine in mutant PAAr5 and to bromovinyldeoxyridine in mutant tsD9 were mapped to nonoverlapping regions of 1.1 and 0.8 kilobase pairs, respectively, within the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase locus. Thus, viral DNA polymerase mediates sensitivity to these two drugs. However, we could not confirm reports of mutations in the DNA polymerase locus conferring resistance to these two drugs. All of the mutants exhibited altered sensitivity to two or more types of drugs, suggesting that single mutations affect recognition of the base, sugar, and triphosphate moieties of nucleoside triphosphates by viral polymerase.
The Representation of Clicks (2011)

Click consonants are a type of complex segment. Complex segments are defined as single segments that have two oral constrictions that are nearly simultaneous (Sagey 1990). Click consonants have an anterior constriction, which is either labial or coronal, and a posterior constriction, which is uvular in those Khoesan languages in which posterior place of clicks has been investigated with articulatory methods. The posterior place of clicks in Zulu starts out as velar in the closure, and releases at a uvular place of articulation. Clicks are unique in that they are produced with an ingressive lingual (also known as velaric) airstream mechanism, which is produced by trapping air between a lingual or linguo‐labial cavity formed between the two oral constrictions. The tongue moves, in different ways for different clicks, to expand this oral cavity and thus to rarefy, or decompress, the air within it. When the anterior constriction is released, air rushes in to make the characteristic popping sound. The lingual ingressive airstream differentiates clicks from pulmonic stop consonants, which are produced on an outward flow of air from the lungs, and from other complex segments, such as labial‐velars and labial‐coronals, which are produced using a pulmonic or glottalic airstream.
Laccase Down-Regulation Causes Alterations in Phenolic Metabolism and Cell Wall Structure in Poplar (2002)

Laccases are encoded by multigene families in plants. Previously, we reported the cloning and characterization of five divergent laccase genes from poplar (Populus trichocarpa) xylem. To investigate the role of individual laccase genes in plant development, and more particularly in lignification, three independent populations of antisense poplar plants, lac3AS, lac90AS, and lac110AS with significantly reduced levels of laccase expression were generated. A repression of laccase gene expression had no effect on overall growth and development. Moreover, neither lignin content nor composition was significantly altered as a result of laccase suppression. However, one of the transgenic populations, lac3AS, exhibited a 2- to 3-fold increase in total soluble phenolic content. As indicated by toluidine blue staining, these phenolics preferentially accumulate in xylem ray parenchyma cells. In addition, light and electron microscopic observations of lac3AS stems indicated that lac3 gene suppression led to a dramatic alteration of xylem fiber cell walls. Individual fiber cells were severely deformed, exhibiting modifications in fluorescence emission at the primary wall/middle lamella region and frequent sites of cell wall detachment. Although a direct correlation between laccase gene expression and lignification could not be assigned, we show that the gene product of lac3 is essential for normal cell wall structure and integrity in xylem fibers. lac3AS plants provide a unique opportunity to explore laccase function in plants.
Cerebral Palsy Among Very Preterm Children in Relation to Gestational Age and Neonatal Ultrasound Abnormalities: The EPIPAGE Cohort Study (2006)

Despite recent improvements in survival rates, cerebral palsy remains highly prevalent among very preterm children. Severe cranial ultrasound abnormalities predict motor disability strongly, but one third of infants with cerebral palsy had no ultrasound abnormalities.
A single-pixel terahertz imaging system based on compressed sensing (2008)

We describe a terahertz imaging system that uses a single pixel detector in combination with a series of random masks to enable high-speed image acquisition. The image formation is based on the theory of compressed sensing, which permits the reconstruction of a N-by-N pixel image using much fewer than N2 measurements. This approach eliminates the need for raster scanning of the object or the terahertz beam, while maintaining the high sensitivity of a single-element detector. We demonstrate the concept using a pulsed terahertz time-domain system and show the reconstruction of both amplitude and phase-contrast images. The idea of compressed sensing is quite general and could also be implemented with a continuous-wave terahertz source.
Control of beta globin genes (2007)

The developmental changes in expression of the beta like genes from embryonic to adult stages of human life are controlled at least partially at the level of the promoter sequences of these genes and their binding factors, and competition for promoter specific interactions with the locus control region (LCR). In recent years, the control of beta globin genes has also been investigated at the level of chromatin structure involving the chemical modification of histones and their remodelling by DNA dependent ATPases (SMARCA) containing protein complexes. The role of intergenic RNA is also being investigated with renewed interest. Although a wealth of information on the structure/function relationship of the LCR and globin promoters has been gathered over more than two decades, the fundamental nature of the control of these genes at the molecular level is still not completely understood. In the following pages, we intend to briefly describe the progress made in the field and discuss future directions.
Mammalian Sprouty Proteins Inhibit Cell Growth and Differentiation by Preventing Ras Activation (2001)

Sprouty was genetically identified as an antagonist of fibroblast growth factor signaling during tracheal branching in Drosophila. In this study, we provide a functional characterization of mammalian Sprouty1 and Sprouty2. Sprouty1 and Sprouty2 inhibited events downstream of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases and regulated both cell proliferation and differentiation. Using NIH3T3 cell lines conditionally expressing Sprouty1 or Sprouty2, we found that these proteins specifically inhibit the Ras/Raf/MAP kinase pathway by preventing Ras activation. In contrast, activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway was not affected by Sprouty1 or Sprouty2. We further showed that Sprouty1 and Sprouty2 do no prevent the formation of a SNT.Grb2.Sos complex upon fibroblast growth factor stimulation, yet block Ras activation. Taken together, these results establish mammalian Sprouty proteins as important negative regulators of growth factor signaling and suggest that Sprouty proteins act downstream of the Grb2.Sos complex to selectively uncouple growth factor signals from Ras activation and the MAP Kinase pathway.
Characterization of bone morphogenetic protein-6 signaling pathways in osteoblast differentiation (1999)

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6 is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-(&bgr;) superfamily, and is most similar to BMP-5, osteogenic protein (OP)-1/BMP-7, and OP-2/BMP-8. In the present study, we characterized the endogenous BMP-6 signaling pathway during osteoblast differentiation. BMP-6 strongly induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in cells of osteoblast lineage, including C2C12 cells, MC3T3-E1 cells, and ROB-C26 cells. The profile of binding of BMP-6 to type I and type II receptors was similar to that of OP-1/BMP-7 in C2C12 cells and MC3T3-E1 cells; BMP-6 strongly bound to activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-2 (also termed ActR-I), together with type II receptors, i.e. BMP type II receptor (BMPR-II) and activin type II receptor (ActR-II). In addition, BMP-6 weakly bound to BMPR-IA (ALK-3), to which BMP-2 also bound. In contrast, binding of BMP-6 to BMPR-IB (ALK-6), and less efficiently to ALK-2 and BMPR-IA, together with BMPR-II was detected in ROB-C26 cells. Intracellular signalling was further studied using C2C12 and MC3T3-E1 cells. Among the receptor-regulated Smads activated by BMP receptors, BMP-6 strongly induced phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of Smad5, and less efficiently those of Smad1. However, Smad8 was constitutively phosphorylated, and no further phosphorylation or nuclear accumulation of Smad8 by BMP-6 was observed. These findings indicate that in the process of differentiation to osteoblasts, BMP-6 binds to ALK-2 as well as other type I receptors, and transduces signals mainly through Smad5 and possibly through Smad1.
Synthesis and photoluminescence of single-crystalline In2O3 nanowires (2002)

Single-crystalline In2O3 nanowires have been successfully synthesized from indium grains by a vapor–solid method at 1030 °C in 90% Ar and 10% O2 atmosphere. These nanowires are uniform with diameters of 40–120 nm and lengths of about 15–25 µm, and crystallize in a cubic structure. The growth of these nanowires is controlled by a spiral growth mechanism. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show a green–blue PL band in the wavelength range of 400–700 nm with a peak at 470 nm (2.64 eV), caused by oxygen vacancies in the In2O3 nanowires.
Transcriptional Interference by Independently Regulated Genes Occurs in Any Relative Arrangement of the Genes and Is Influenced by Chromosomal Integration Position (2002)

Transcriptional interference is the influence, generally suppressive, of one active transcriptional unit on another unit linked in cis. Its wide occurrence in experimental systems suggests that it may also influence transcription in many loci, but little is known about its precise nature or underlying mechanisms. Here we report a study of the interaction of two nearly identical transcription units juxtaposed in various arrangements. Each reporter gene in the constructs has its own promoter and enhancer and a strong polyadenylation signal. We used recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) to insert the constructs into previously tagged genomic sites in cultured cells. This strategy also allows the constructs to be assessed in both orientations with respect to flanking chromatin. In each of the possible arrangements (tandem, divergent, and convergent), the presence of two genes strongly suppresses expression of both genes compared to that of an identical single gene at the same integration site. The suppression is most severe with the convergent arrangement and least severe in total with the divergent arrangement, while the tandem arrangement is most strongly influenced by the integration site and the genes' orientation within the site. These results suggest that transcriptional interference could underlie some position effects and contribute to the regulation of genes in complex loci.
The Segmentation of Overlapping Milk Somatic Cells Based on Improved Watershed Algorithm (2009)

In view of the shape irregularity and the stack phenomenon in milk somatic cell pictures. An improvement watershed method is proposed in the paper, which is mainly used in resolving the over-segmentation problem in watershed algorithm. Its main idea is: distance transformation is used for binary image firstly, obtaining the central points in the local maximum regions (seed points), and merging the redundancy seed points. This makes the oversegmentation problem was basically solved. Finally the small areas are deleted after watershed segmentation. Experiments show that the improved watershed method can accurately and quickly separate the milk somatic cells and control the oversegmentation. The effect is obvious.