gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An alternate method for the analysis of N-nitrosonornicotine in tobacco (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn alternate method for the analysis of N-nitrosonornicotine in tobaccoWilliam J. Chamberlain and Richard F. ArrendaleCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1983, 31, 4, 909–911Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00118a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00118a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recombinant protein meningococcal serogroup B vaccine combined with outer membrane vesicles (2011)

Bexsero is well tolerated with a proven safety profile, and has demonstrated a robust immune response across different age groups against a range of diverse MenB strains. These data suggest that Bexsero has the ability to provide protection in infants, who are at the greatest risk of developing meningococcal disease.
Human norepinephrine transporter. Biosynthetic studies using a site-directed polyclonal antibody. (1994)

Antibodies have been raised against synthetic peptides derived from the predicted primary sequence of the human cocaine- and antidepressant-sensitive norepinephrine (NE) transporter (NET). One antibody (N430), raised and purified against a putative intracellular human norepinephrine transporter (hNET) epitope, detects hNET expression in a stably transfected cell line (LLC-NET) by indirect immunofluorescence only in the presence of detergent, while no immunoreactivity is observed in either the parental cells (LLC-PK1) or in LLC-NET cells incubated with preimmune sera or peptide absorbed antibody. N430 immunoblots of LLC-NET cell extracts reveal two major immunoreactive hNET species in these cells, migrating at 80 and 54 kDa, respectively. Pulse-chase N430 immunoprecipitation studies confirm that the 54-kDa species is a transient, glycosylated intermediate of a longer lived, more highly glycosylated protein with an apparent M(r) of 80,000. In contrast, a 54-kDa species is the primary hNET product in vaccinia virus T7-infected HeLa cells, transiently transfected with hNET cDNA. PNGase F digestion of extracts prepared from LLC-NET- and hNET-transfected HeLa cells convert all immunoreactive species to a 46-kDa form, equivalent to that observed following incubation of whole cells with the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin. As transiently transfected HeLa and stable LLC-NET cells exhibit a pharmacologically similar NE transport activity, it appears likely that the additional glycosylation evident in the stable line does not contribute significantly to antagonist sensitivity. On the other hand, NE transport and antagonist ([125I]RTI-55) binding assays on whole LLC-NET cells treated with tunicamycin reveal a pronounced reduction in NE transport activity and hNET membrane density paralleled by an inability of NET proteins to replenish the higher M(r) hNET pool. These findings suggest an obligate role for N-linked glycosylation in hNET biosynthetic maturation, stability, and functional expression. In summary, N430 antibody is a useful tool for the visualization and characterization of hNET gene products and has permitted the first direct evaluation of biosynthetic steps leading to functional catecholamine transporter expression.
CD4+ T Cell Depletion during all Stages of HIV Disease Occurs Predominantly in the Gastrointestinal Tract (2004)

The mechanisms underlying CD4(+) T cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are not well understood. Comparative studies of lymphoid tissues, where the vast majority of T cells reside, and peripheral blood can potentially illuminate the pathogenesis of HIV-associated disease. Here, we studied the effect of HIV infection on the activation and depletion of defined subsets of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the blood, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and lymph node (LN). We also measured HIV-specific T cell frequencies in LNs and blood, and LN collagen deposition to define architectural changes associated with chronic inflammation. The major findings to emerge are the following: the GI tract has the most substantial CD4(+) T cell depletion at all stages of HIV disease; this depletion occurs preferentially within CCR5(+) CD4(+) T cells; HIV-associated immune activation results in abnormal accumulation of effector-type T cells within LNs; HIV-specific T cells in LNs do not account for all effector T cells; and T cell activation in LNs is associated with abnormal collagen deposition. Taken together, these findings define the nature and extent of CD4(+) T cell depletion in lymphoid tissue and point to mechanisms of profound depletion of specific T cell subsets related to elimination of CCR5(+) CD4(+) T cell targets and disruption of T cell homeostasis that accompanies chronic immune activation.
Nuclear Import of the Yeast AP-1-like Transcription Factor Yap1p Is Mediated by Transport Receptor Pse1p, and This Import Step Is Not Affected by Oxidative Stress (2001)

The yeast AP-1-like transcription factor, Yap1p, is essential for the oxidative stress response in budding yeast. Yap1p is located predominantly in the cytoplasm; however, upon imposition of oxidative stress, Yap1p concentrates in the nucleus and activates target genes. Yap1p is constitutively transported in and out of the nucleus. Oxidative stress inhibits the Crm1p/Xpo1p-dependent nuclear export step, resulting in nuclear accumulation of Yap1p. In this study, we examined the mechanism for Yap1p nuclear import, and determined whether the import step is affected by oxidative stress. The nuclear accumulation of Yap1p required the activity of the small GTPase, Ran/Gsp1p. Under conditions in pse1-1 cells carrying a temperature-sensitive mutation of the importin beta family member PSE1/KAP121, nuclear translocation of Yap1p was inhibited dramatically. In an in vitro assay, we showed that Yap1p could directly bind to Pse1p and that this interaction was dissociated by Ran-GTP. These results indicate that Pse1p is the nuclear import receptor for Yap1p. In addition to Pse1p, we suggest that Kap123p, which is homologous to Pse1p, has a minor effect on the nuclear import of Yap1p. Furthermore, we identified the nuclear localization signal of Yap1p and demonstrated that the nuclear import of Yap1p was not affected by oxidative stress.
Imaging Active Urokinase Plasminogen Activator in Prostate Cancer (2015)

The increased proteolytic activity of membrane-bound and secreted proteases on the surface of cancer cells and in the transformed stroma is a common characteristic of aggressive metastatic prostate cancer. We describe here the development of an active site-specific probe for detecting a secreted peritumoral protease expressed by cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment. Using a human fragment antigen-binding phage display library, we identified a human antibody termed U33 that selectively inhibited the active form of the protease urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA, PLAU). In the full-length immunoglobulin form, U33 IgG labeled with near-infrared fluorophores or radionuclides allowed us to noninvasively detect active uPA in prostate cancer xenograft models using optical and single-photon emission computed tomography imaging modalities. U33 IgG labeled with (111)In had a remarkable tumor uptake of 43.2% injected dose per gram (%ID/g) 72 hours after tail vein injection of the radiolabeled probe in subcutaneous xenografts. In addition, U33 was able to image active uPA in small soft-tissue and osseous metastatic lesions using a cardiac dissemination prostate cancer model that recapitulated metastatic human cancer. The favorable imaging properties were the direct result of U33 IgG internalization through an uPA receptor-mediated mechanism in which U33 mimicked the function of the endogenous inhibitor of uPA to gain entry into the cancer cell. Overall, our imaging probe targets a prostate cancer-associated protease, through a unique mechanism, allowing for the noninvasive preclinical imaging of prostate cancer lesions.
A variable delay line PLL for CPU-coprocessor synchronization (1988)

A fully integrated phase-locked loop (PLL) is used to time-align the hi-Z/low-Z transitions of a CMOS CPU and its floating-point coprocessor (FPC), resulting in minimum timing difference (skew) between the two devices at their shared data bus, and decreasing the bus cycle time. The PLL circuit abandons the traditional voltage-controlled oscillator function, instead using a CMOS voltage-controlled delay line to improve noise immunity, ease loop stabilization, and permit dynamically adjustable clock periods. With the PLL enable, measured timing skew between the CPU and FPC is below 1 ns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dna2p Helicase/Nuclease Is a Tracking Protein, Like FEN1, for Flap Cleavage during Okazaki Fragment Maturation (2004)

During cellular DNA replication the lagging strand is generated as discontinuous segments called Okazaki fragments. Each contains an initiator RNA primer that is removed prior to joining of the strands. Primer removal in eukaryotes requires displacement of the primer into a flap that is cleaved off by flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1). FEN1 employs a unique tracking mechanism that requires the recognition of the free 5' terminus and then movement to the base of the flap for cleavage. Abnormally long flaps are coated by replication protein A (RPA), inhibiting FEN1 cleavage. A second nuclease, Dna2p, is needed to cleave an RPA-coated flap producing a short RPA-free flap, favored by FEN1. Here we show that Dna2p is also a tracking protein. Annealed primers or conjugated biotin-streptavidin complex block Dna2p entry and movement. Single-stranded binding protein-coated flaps inhibit Dna2p cleavage. Like FEN1, Dna2p can track over substrates with a non-Watson Crick base, such as a biotin, or a missing base within a chain. Unlike FEN1, Dna2p shows evidence of a "threading-like" mechanism that does not support tracking over a branched substrate. We propose that the two nucleases both track, Dna2p first and then FEN1, to remove initiator RNA via long flap intermediates.
Inhibition of zebrafish fgf8 pre‐mRNA splicing with morpholino oligos: A quantifiable method for gene knockdown (2001)

Antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) have been used successfully in zebrafish and Xenopus to knock down gene function by gene-specific inhibition of mRNA translation In addition to their ability to block cytosolic processes, MO can enter the nucleus We show here that MO efficiently block pre-mRNA splicing in zebrafish embryos. Splice-blocking MO have the advantages that the efficacy of gene knockdown can be quantified without the use of antibodies, and that they specifically target zygotic, and not maternal, transcripts.
A novel polyvinyltetrazole-grafted resin with high capacity for adsorption of Pb(ii), Cu(ii) and Cr(iii) ions from aqueous solutions (2014)

A novel polyvinyltetrazole-grafted resin with high capacity for the adsorption of heavy metal ions was prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of acrylonitrile on chloromethylated crosslinked styrene–divinylbenzene resin and a subsequent cyano-tetrazole conversion reaction under microwave assistance. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface composition of the polyvinyltetrazole-grafted resin. It was found that the grafting amount of acrylonitrile increased linearly with the polymerization time, and approximately 70% of the cyano groups on the resin surface were converted to tetrazolyl groups, as estimated by elemental analysis. The maximum adsorption capacity of the resin was up to 1.52 mmol g−1 for Pb(II), 2.65 mmol g−1 for Cu(II) and 3.36 mmol g−1 for Cr(III) at pH 5.0. The effects of pH and salt concentration on the adsorption suggested that the adsorption of metal ions was governed mainly by the chelation interaction. The adsorption isotherms of the three metal ions were best described by the Langmuir model, and their adsorption kinetics followed the pseudosecond-order kinetic equation. The adsorption of the three concerned metal ions was hardly affected by common coexisting ions such as Na(I), K(I), Ca(II) and Mg(II), whereas it was slightly decreased when Fe(III) and Zn(II) coexisted in the solution, which illustrates the selective adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cr(III) from wastewater. The resin has a good desorption rate and is reusable. In addition, the resin exhibited excellent chemical stability under strong acidic and alkaline conditions. These findings suggest that the resin could be potentially applied to the efficient removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater.
A combinatorial approach to create artificial homing endonucleases cleaving chosen sequences (2006)

Meganucleases, or homing endonucleases (HEs) are sequence-specific endonucleases with large (>14 bp) cleavage sites that can be used to induce efficient homologous gene targeting in cultured cells and plants. These findings have opened novel perspectives for genome engineering in a wide range of fields, including gene therapy. However, the number of identified HEs does not match the diversity of genomic sequences, and the probability of finding a homing site in a chosen gene is extremely low. Therefore, the design of artificial endonucleases with chosen specificities is under intense investigation. In this report, we describe the first artificial HEs whose specificity has been entirely redesigned to cleave a naturally occurring sequence. First, hundreds of novel endonucleases with locally altered substrate specificity were derived from I-CreI, a Chlamydomonas reinhardti protein belonging to the LAGLIDADG family of HEs. Second, distinct DNA-binding subdomains were identified within the protein. Third, we used these findings to assemble four sets of mutations into heterodimeric endonucleases cleaving a model target or a sequence from the human RAG1 gene. These results demonstrate that the plasticity of LAGLIDADG endonucleases allows extensive engineering, and provide a general method to create novel endonucleases with tailored specificities.
Resonant Optical Antennas (2005)

We have fabricated nanometer-scale gold dipole antennas designed to be resonant at optical frequencies. On resonance, strong field enhancement in the antenna feed gap leads to white-light supercontinuum generation. The antenna length at resonance is considerably shorter than one-half the wavelength of the incident light. This is in contradiction to classical antenna theory but in qualitative accordance with computer simulations that take into account the finite metallic conductivity at optical frequencies. Because optical antennas link propagating radiation and confined/enhanced optical fields, they should find applications in optical characterization, manipulation of nanostructures, and optical information processing.
DEVELOPING A VIABLE WATERBORNE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (1978)

This paper identifies the role that state departments of transportation can play in developing their inland waterways as an element of their total transportation plan. A review of Tennessee's activities is given to illustrate an approach to developing the water transportation element of the total system. The example includes a discussion of Tennessee Rivers Information Planning System (TRIPS) along with the various data bases that make up the TRIPS computer based file. Because Federal, state and local levels of government and private industry are involved with inland waterways planning, development, and use, the paper describes the coordination that is necessary to achieve a viable waterborne transportation system.
Sunitinib Reverses Type-1 Immune Suppression and Decreases T-Regulatory Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients (2008)

The demonstration that sunitinib improved type-1 T-cell cytokine response in mRCC patients while reducing Treg function provides a basis for the rational combination of sunitinib and immunotherapy in mRCC.
Anti-human CD117 antibody-mediated bone marrow niche clearance in nonhuman primates and humanized NSG mice (2019)

TO THE EDITOR:

Successful engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) involves overcoming nonimmunologic barriers that hinder access to the HSC niches in the bone marrow (BM).[1][1],[2][2] Cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation are currently used to reduce these barriers in clinical
Cancer immune therapy : current and future strategies (2002)

List of Contributors.Color Plates.PART I: TUMOR ANTIGENICITY. Search for Universal Tumor--Associated T Cell Epitopes (R. Vonderheide & J. Schultze). Serological Determinants On Tumor Cells (C. Zwick, et al.). Processing and Presentation of Tumor--associated Antigens (P.--M. Kloetzel & A. Sijts). T Cells in Tumor Immunity (P. Romero, et al.). PART II: IMMUNE EVASION AND SUPPRESSION. Major Histocompatibility Complex Modulation and Loss (B. Seliger & U. Ritz). Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment (T. Whiteside). Immunosuppressive Factors in Cancer (R. Bucala & C. Metz). Interleukin--10 in Cancer Immunity (R. Sabat & K. Asadullah). PART III: STRATEGIES FOR CANCER IMMUNOLOGY. Dendritic Cells and Cancer: Prospects for Cancer Vaccination (D. Hart, et al.). The Immune System in Cancer: If It Isn't Broken, Can We Fix It? (R. Vile). Hybrid Cell Vaccination for Cancer Immune Therapy (P. Walden, et al.). Principles and Strategies Employing Heat Shock Proteins for Immunotherapy of Cancers (Z. Li). Applications of CpG Motifs from Bacterial DNA in Cancer Immunotherapy (A. Krieg). The T--Body Approach: Towards Cancer Immuno--Gene Therapy (J. Pinthus & Z. Eshhar). Bone Marrow Transplantation for Immune Therapy (F. Ciceri & C. Bordignon). Immunocytokines: Versatile Molecules for Biotherapy of Malignant Disease (H. Lode, et al.). Immunotoxins and Recombinant Immunotoxins in Cancer Therapy (Y. Reiter & A. Lev).Glossary.Index.
Contact angle, wetting, and adhesion: a critical review (1992)

The theory of the contact angle of pure liquids on solids, and of the determination of the surface free energy of solids, γs, is reviewed. The basis for the three components γLW s, γ⊕s, and γ⊖s is developed, and an algebraic expression for these properties in terms of measured contact angles is presented. The inadequacy of the 'two-liquid' methodology (which yields a parameter, 'γp') is demonstrated. Attention is given to contact angle hysteresis and to the film pressure, πe. Some recommendations are made with regard to contact angle measurements. A new treatment of hydrophilicity, and of the scale of hydrophobic/hydrophilic behavior, is proposed. It is shown that there are two kinds of hydrophilic behavior, one due to Lewis basicity (electron-donating or proton-accepting structures) and the other due to Lewis acidity (electron-accepting or proton-donating structures). The properties γ⊖ and γ⊕ are the quantitative measures of these types of behavior and they are structurally independent of each other. A triangular diagram, with γLW at the hydrophobic corner, and γ⊕ and γ⊖ at the two hydrophillic corners, is suggested.
High‐Order Multiple Emulsions Formed in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microfluidics (2009)

Multiple emulsions are formed using poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic devices. The single emulsions (see image, left) are formed using a single drop maker with uniform wettability. The double, triple, quadruple, and quintuple emulsions (right) are formed using linear sequences of drop makers with alternating wettability. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Selecting the process for your next MMA plant (1986)

This article is a look at today's MMA commercial picture. It is also a discussion of new uses, a review of the acetone cyanohydrin process and some of the many new chemical pathways to MMA. It also presents economics for the best of these to help in selecting the next process. The primary focus is on the U.S., but Western Europe, Japan and other parts of the world are covered as well. New processes based on four-carbon feedstocks are in commercial operation today in Japan, and similar routes will be chosen for new plants in the U.S. and Western Europe. New applications are emerging that will revitalize the growth that has slowed in traditional markets for cast and sheet material and in surface coating applications.
The adenovirus E1B 19-kilodalton protein stimulates gene expression by increasing DNA levels. (1989)

In transient expression assays, the adenovirus E1B 19-kilodalton (19K) tumor antigen increases expression from viral promoters and the promoter for the cellular 70-kilodalton heat shock protein (hsp70). To study the mechanism of this effect, we constructed HeLa cell lines that contain stably integrated copies of the 19K gene. Compared with a 19K- control cell line, 19K+ cells produced a significantly higher level of expression from every promoter introduced into the cells by transfection. The 19K protein also increased expression of an RNA polymerase III-transcribed gene but did not affect the level of expression of the endogenous hsp70 gene. The rate of transcription from transfected promoters, as measured by a nuclear run-on assay, was higher in the 19K+ cells than in the 19K- control cells. Furthermore, the level of plasmid DNA remained higher in the 19K+ cell line, suggesting that the 19K protein stabilizes transfected plasmid DNA. The elevated DNA levels seemed to account in full for the increased transcription. The role of the 19K protein in increasing gene expression during viral infection was found to be due to a replication-dependent increase in viral DNA levels. Thus, the 19K protein activates transcription indirectly by producing a higher level of viral or plasmid DNA. The DNA stabilization function of the 19K protein is probably related to the protective role of the 19K protein during viral infection and represents the first example of a viral oncogene product that modulates gene expression by regulating viral and plasmid DNA levels.