gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of an activated Notch4(int‐3) oncoprotein disrupts morphogenesis and induces an invasive phenotype in mammary epithelial cells in vitro (2000)

The protein encoded by the Notch4 gene is a member of the Notch/lin-12 family of transmembrane receptor proteins, which have been shown to control cell fate determination and cell differentiation in a wide variety of organisms. Expression of Notch4(int-3), a truncated form of Notch4 having most of its extracellular domain deleted, as a transgene in mice induces the formation of poorly differentiated mammary carcinomas. To establish whether Notch4(int-3) has the capacity of subverting normal epithelial architecture, we assessed the effect of Notch4(int-3) expression on the in vitro morphogenetic properties of TAC-2 mammary epithelial cells. When grown in three-dimensional collagen gels in the presence of hydrocortisone, both wild-type and LacZ-transfected TAC-2 cells formed alveolar-like structures composed of polarized epithelial cells surrounding a central lumen. In contrast, TAC-2 cells programmed to express Notch4(int-3) formed compact cell aggregates devoid of tissue-specific organization. In addition, when grown on the surface of a collagen gel, Notch4(int-3)-expressing TAC-2 cells invaded the underlying matrix, whereas TAC-2 LacZ cells remained strictly confined to the gel surface. Expression of Notch4(int-3) in TAC-2 cells also disrupted contact-inhibition of cell proliferation, resulting in cell multilayering. Our results suggest that the ability of Notch4(int-3) to subvert normal epithelial morphogenesis and to promote invasion of the extracellular matrix contributes significantly to its tumorigenic potential. Int. J. Cancer 86:652–659, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc and Ligament Deformations Measured In Vivo (1984)

The physiologic deformations of the anterior and posterior margins of the annulus fibrosus and the interspinous ligaments were defined in flexion and extension by accurate measurements taken from lateral roentgenograms of the lumbar spines of 11 normal males. The anterior and posterior disc heights were shown to compress and extend up to 35% and 60%, respectively, while the interspinous distance extended up to 369%. In relation to the known mechanical characteristics in vitro, these deformations implied that the soft-tissue elements were lax or in compression during part of the range of motion. Significantly, the interspinous ligament could be active only in the extremes of flexion. These data provide basic information for further studies of the function of the soft parts of the intervertebral joints.
A Cost Analysis Of A Fiber Upgrade For A Coaxial Cable Network To Support On-Demand Video (1990)

An engineering cost model has been constructed to examine the economics of using fiber optics to upgrade existing coaxial cable networks in order to provide on-demand video service. Two fiber backbone alternatives have been considered: a mixed digital/analog subcarrier multiplexing system and a fully digital pulse code modulation, time division multiplexed system. The results suggest that to provide an on-demand video service, the cable company will have to depart from their traditional approach of employing a high degree of common plant and move in the direction of providing a dedicated channel for each subscriber. The extent to which common plant can be shared among multiple subscribers decreases in proportion to the increase in ODV usage, with correspondingly higher costs per subscriber. Model calculations suggest that serious economic barriers exist to realizing an ODV service through simple fiber backbone upgrades to existing cable networks.
Benzo[b] thiophene derivatives. XIX. The sulfur isosteres of psiloein and related isomers (1973)

Abstract The sulfur analog of psilocin, 3‐(β‐dimethylaminoethyl)‐4‐hydroxybenzo[ b ]thiophene, and some O ‐methylated and N ‐demethylated isomers have been synthesized for pharmacological evaluation. Preliminary tests indicate central nervous system (CNS) activity, but weak pressor activity.
Succinic Acid Based Biodegradable Thermoplastic Poly(ester urethane) Elastomers: Effects of Segment Ratios and Lengths on Physical Properties (2014)

Biodegradable thermoplastic poly(ester urethane) (PEU) elastomers containing poly(diethylene glycol succinate) (PDGS) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were synthesized by chain extension of dihydroxyl terminated PDGS and PBS precursors with 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate as a chain extender. The structure, molecular weight, and physical properties of the PEUs were investigated by 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, WAXD, DMA, and tensile tests. The results suggest that the compositions affect the physical properties more significantly than the segment lengths. The PEU containing 28.2 wt % PBS showed the best mechanical properties with ultimate strength and elongation at break of 41 MPa and 1503%, respectively. Both the storage modulus and Young’s modulus increased significantly with increasing PBS segment content, which was reasonably ascribed to the increasing degree of crystallinity. The hysteresis value increased with PBS segment content while it decreased slightly with lengths of both hard and soft segments, which were also attributed to the different crystallization behaviors of the PEUs.
Spatial Management Of Data (1979)

Spatial Data Management is a technique for organizing and retrieving information by positioning it in a Graphical Data Space (GDS). This Graphical Data Space is viewed through a color raster scan display which enables users to traverse the GDS surface or zoom into the image to obtain greater detail. In contrast to conventional database management systems in which users access data by asking questions in a formal query language, a Spatial Data Management System (SDMS) presents the information graphically in a form which seems to encourage browsing and to require less prior knowledge of the contents and organization of the database. This paper presents an overview of the SDMS concept and describes its implementation in a prototype system for retrieving information from both a symbolic database management system and from an optical videodisk.
Dengue Vaccine Prospects (2011)

A recent article addressed the growing health problem represented by the worldwide expansion of dengue fever (M. Cimons, Microbe, December 2010, p. 515–519). The article discussed several critical issues surrounding this global expansion, including the role of the mosquito vectors, and outlined some of the challenges of vaccine development. As vaccine scientists involved in the dengue vaccine field for almost two decades, we would like to provide additional information on vaccine development efforts, since the situation is significantly more advanced than suggested in the December article.
[Immunosuppressive acidic protein in patients with gynecologic cancer]. (1983)

Immunosuppressive acidic protein(IAP) levels were measured in human sera by a single radial immunodiffusion using an IAP plate. Sera were obtained from healthy controls (79 females), patients with myoma uteri (53 cases), patients with benign ovarian tumors (44 cases) and patients with cervical (33 cases), endometrial (6 cases) and ovarian (33 cases) cancer. The mean IAP values for patients with myoma uteri (375 +/- 72 micrograms/ml), benign ovarian tumors (375 +/- 92 micrograms/ml), cervical cancer (506 +/- 236 micrograms/ml), endometrial cancer (563 +/- 159 micrograms/ml), and ovarian cancer (1051 +/- 466 micrograms/ml) were statistically significantly higher than that of controls (298 +/- 92 micrograms/ml). Elevated levels of IAP were found in sera of 11% patients with myoma uteri, 7% with benign ovarian tumors, 34% with cervical cancer, 83% with endometrial cancer and 94% with ovarian cancer. Elevation of IAP was recognized in 83% patients with endometrial cancer and in 100% of patients with ovarian cancer in stage I, while only 10% of patients with cervical cancer in stage I showed elevated IAP. No clear relationship between the IAP level and the stage of the disease in the patient or with the histological type was found. Serial IAP determination appeared to provide a useful marker in cancer patients. The measurement of serum IAP is recommended as an addition to the conventional diagnostic system.
AAA+: A Class of Chaperone-Like ATPases Associated with the Assembly, Operation, and Disassembly of Protein Complexes (1999)

Using a combination of computer methods for iterative database searches and multiple sequence alignment, we show that protein sequences related to the AAA family of ATPases are far more prevalent than reported previously. Among these are regulatory components of Lon and Clp proteases, proteins involved in DNA replication, recombination, and restriction (including subunits of the origin recognition complex, replication factor C proteins, MCM DNA-licensing factors and the bacterial DnaA, RuvB, and McrB proteins), prokaryotic NtrC-related transcription regulators, the Bacillus sporulation protein SpoVJ, Mg2+, and Co2+ chelatases, the Halobacterium GvpN gas vesicle synthesis protein, dynein motor proteins, TorsinA, and Rubisco activase. Alignment of these sequences, in light of the structures of the clamp loader delta' subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III and the hexamerization component of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein, provides structural and mechanistic insights into these proteins, collectively designated the AAA+ class. Whole-genome analysis indicates that this class is ancient and has undergone considerable functional divergence prior to the emergence of the major divisions of life. These proteins often perform chaperone-like functions that assist in the assembly, operation, or disassembly of protein complexes. The hexameric architecture often associated with this class can provide a hole through which DNA or RNA can be thread; this may be important for assembly or remodeling of DNA-protein complexes.
Complexity and optimality (1991)

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New Insights into the Nonconserved Noncoding Region of the Subtype-Determinant Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Segments of Influenza A Viruses (2014)

The nonconserved noncoding regions (NCRs) of the vRNAs of influenza A virus have been extensively studied, whereas the diversities in the nonconserved NCRs of the two subtype-determinant segments hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) have received little attention. In this study, we bioinformatically analyzed all available NCRs of HA and NA vRNAs and discovered that the HA and NA vRNAs contain key subtype signatures in the NCRs. Our functional studies of the HA subtype-specific NCRs (HA ssNCRs) of the common HA subtypes in the context of WSN virus (H1N1) demonstrated that the HA ssNCR modulates virus replication efficiency by influencing HA segment virion incorporation. Moreover, we revealed important features of the HA ssNCR in determining HA vRNA incorporation efficiency. These data not only show new genetic characteristics of influenza A viruses, but also provide further evidence for understanding the selective genome packaging of influenza virus required for the emergence of epidemic and pandemic influenza virus strains.
Rotational Invariance Based on Fourier Analysis in Polar and Spherical Coordinates (2009)

In this paper, polar and spherical Fourier analysis are defined as the decomposition of a function in terms of eigenfunctions of the Laplacian with the eigenfunctions being separable in the corresponding coordinates. The proposed transforms provide effective decompositions of an image into basic patterns with simple radial and angular structures. The theory is compactly presented with an emphasis on the analogy to the normal Fourier transform. The relation between the polar or spherical Fourier transform and the normal Fourier transform is explored. As examples of applications, rotation-invariant descriptors based on polar and spherical Fourier coefficients are tested on pattern classification problems.
Cytotoxic activities of recombinant immunotoxins composed of Pseudomonas toxin or diphtheria toxin toward lymphocytes from patients with adult T-cell leukemia. (1993)

We have previously shown that the recombinant single-chain immunotoxin anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40, composed of the variable domains of the anti-Tac monoclonal antibody in a single-chain form joined to a derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), is cytotoxic toward malignant cells from adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients. Using this assay, we have now compared the activity of anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40 with that of an improved version, anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40KDEL which contains an altered carboxyl terminus, and also with two chimeric toxins made with diphtheria toxin (DT). One of these is a fusion of amino acids 1-388 of DT with anti-Tac(Fv) and is termed DT388-anti-Tac(Fv). The other, DT388-IL2, contains interleukin 2 (IL2) at the carboxyl terminus of the same DT derivative. We incubated these toxins with malignant ATL peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for 1-3 days and then measured [3H]leucine incorporation. We found that anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40KDEL was the most cytotoxic agent and was followed in decreasing order of activity by anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40, DT388-anti-Tac(Fv), and finally DT388-IL2. Trypan blue staining showed that inhibition of protein synthesis correlated with cell death. Time course studies showed that the recombinant toxins containing anti-Tac(Fv) were cytotoxic even if exposed to the cells for only one hour. After intravenous injection into mice, the half-life of anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40 or anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40KDEL was 30 minutes. Normal PBMCs were resistant to all four toxins. Recombinant immunotoxins made with anti-Tac merit further study as potential reagents in the treatment of ATL.
Renin inhibitors. Design and synthesis of a new class of conformationally restricted analogs of angiotensinogen (1988)

Molecular modeling methods have been used to design a novel series of conformationally constrained cyclic peptide inhibitors of human renin. Three goals were defined: enhanced inhibitory potency, high specificity for renin, and increased metabolic stability. Three cyclic compounds were synthesized with ring sizes 10, 12, and 14, based upon a linear hexapeptide inhibitor with a reduced amide replacing the scissile bond at the active site. When tested, the 14-membered-ring compound was as potent an inhibitor of human renin as the parent while the 12-membered-ring compound was 6-fold more potent than the parent against mouse renin. However, the 10-membered-ring compound was inactive against both renins. The lack of potency of the 10-membered compound was explained by using NMR and molecular modeling techniques. It forms another conformation in solution that is inconsistent with binding at the active site. The cyclic compounds did not inhibit either pepsin or cathepsin D significantly. The cyclic modification rendered these inhibitors significantly resistant to cleavage by chymotrypsin and thus prevented loss of activity by this enzyme. Thus, the goals of enhanced inhibitory potency, high specificity, and metabolic stability were achieved in the series of compounds.
The Western Springs Waterworks - Auckland (1996)

With the need to develop a safe reliable water supply reaching crisis point, early Auckland City fathers, after a decade of procrastination and 13 consultant reports, finally decided to develop the source of supply known as the Western Springs in 1874. Things then moved quickly. They engaged an Engineer, William Errington, to prepare plans for the complete scheme, including Beam Engine, Engine House, Impoundment Lake, Service and Main Reservoirs, and the complete reticulation system. They also set about raising a 100,000 pound loan immediately. The resultant steam driven Beam Engine Pumps and Pumphouse, are fine examples of Victorian Engineering, and remain on site today to form the nucleus of Auckland's Museum of Transport and Technology.
Golimumab for the treatment of refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (2012)

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis is a potentially blinding disease and accounts for up to 75 % of all pediatric anterior uveitis cases in many tertiary care referral centers [1]. Inability to control ocular inflammation in pediatric uveitis can lead to complications such as cataracts, macular edema, band keratopathy, and glaucoma leading to vision loss [1].

Off-label use of biologic response modifiers such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitors, including infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept, have expanded the treatment armamentarium for refractory JIA-associated uveitis. A cross-sectional survey by Foeldvari et al. demonstrated that TNF inhibitors were effective in two thirds of patients with JIA-associated uveitis who did not respond to conventional immunosuppressive agents [2].

Golimumab (GLM) is a novel fully humanized anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody that has been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis [3]. We present three cases of refractory JIA-associated uveitis treated with GLM. Institutional review board approval for this case series was waived by the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Human Studies Committee.
Recent developments in the retro-Diels–Alder reaction (2013)

The retro-Diels–Alder reaction (rDA) has become an important tool for synthetic chemists in their quest towards the synthesis and design of novel scaffolds. The ability to carry out the rDA reaction under ambient conditions has made it quite attractive. In recent years the scope of the rDA in several areas has increased manifold. The present review covers the developments in this ever-expanding field over the last decade. The review will summarize various aspects of the rDA reaction and its applications to natural and non-natural products.
Pathologic findings from the national surgical adjuvant breast project (NSABP) protocol B-17. Intraductal carcinoma (ductal carcinoma in situ) (1995)

Although not an endpoint of this study, the authors' findings suggest that the beneficial effect of irradiation in reducing IBT after lumpectomy for DCIS occurs with small (< 1.0 cm.) and larger lesions. Moderate/marked comedo necrosis and uncertain/involved lumpectomy margins represent independent predictors of IBT.
Rapid Cu-Free Click Chemistry with Readily Synthesized Biarylazacyclooctynones (2010)

Bioorthogonal chemical reactions, those that do not interact or interfere with biology, have allowed for exploration of numerous biological processes that were previously difficult to study. The reaction of azides with strained alkynes, such as cyclooctynes, readily forms a triazole product without the need for a toxic catalyst. Here we describe a biarylazacyclooctynone (BARAC) that has exceptional reaction kinetics and whose synthesis is designed to be both modular and scalable. We employed BARAC for live cell fluorescence imaging of azide-labeled glycans. The high signal-to-background ratio obtained using nanomolar concentrations of BARAC obviated the need for washing steps. Thus, BARAC is a promising reagent for in vivo imaging.
Basic and Clinical Studies of Laser for Hyperpigmented Skin Lesions (1991)

色素沈着性皮膚疾患に対するレーザー治療で重要なことは, レーザー光線の波長, エネルギー密度, 照射時間 (パルス幅), 治療間隔, 治療方法 (例えばレーザー照射後直ちに2回自の照射を行うような方法) 等についてそれぞれの最適条件, 治療方法の決定である。われわれは, 色素レーザー (585nm), ルビーレーザー (694.3nm), アレキサンドライトレーザー (750nm), Nd-ガラスレーザー (1060nm) を用いて有色モルモット皮膚および臨床的応用を目的とした照射を行い, 異なる波長のパルスレーザーによる影響の違いを調べた。その結果メラニン沈着性皮膚疾患に対してはルビーレーザー, アレキサンドライトレーザーが有効であり, 刺青に対しては, Nd-ガラスレーザーが有効であった。パルス幅に関する検討は, ルビーレーザーにてパルス幅0.15～2msec. までを鋤較検討した。その結果パルス幅が短くなるほど表皮基底層のメラニン顆粒沈着部の選択的破壊が見られた。エネルギー密度に関する検討において, ある閾値以上になると組織の非選択的破壊が起こり本来のレーザーの目指す選択的効果が減少することを認めた。また過去10年間にルビーレーザー治療を行い治療後6ヶ月以上経過観察できた645症例について検討した。その結果, 有効率は先天性扁平母斑45%, 後天性扁平母斑 (Becker) 94%, 母斑細胞母斑50%, 表皮母斑80%老人性色素斑59%, 脂漏性角化症69%, カフェ・オレ斑22%, 太田母斑38%, であった。母斑細胞母斑では眼瞼周囲, 手掌, 足底, 口唇部においては84%と非常に高い有効率であった。パルス幅450μsec., 15J/cm2では表在性色素病変に対する治療効果はパスル幅の長い従来のルビーレーザー装置に比べその治療効果は低かった。以上のことより表在性色素沈着性皮膚疾患に対するレーザー治療は, パルス幅が短く波長の短い可視領域のレーザーが適していると考えられる。深在性のメラニン沈着性皮膚疾患に対しては, パルス幅の短いルビーレーザーか, アレキサンドライトレーザーが良いと考えられる。日本人の刺青には, パルス幅の短いNd-ガラスレーザーが適していると思われる。
Cellular Response to Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Depends on Release Kinetics and Extracellular Matrix Interactions (1996)

The extracellular matrix plays an important role in growth factor biology, serving as a potential platform for rapid growth factor mobilization or a sink for concentrated sequestration. We now demonstrate that when a growth factor binds reversibly to the matrix, its effects are augmented by this interaction, and when the factor is absorbed irreversibly to the extracellular matrix, it becomes sequestered. These findings call into question the notion that all growth factors are best presented to cells and tissues in a sustained and controlled fashion. In our studies, we examined basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) release kinetics from synthetically fabricated microsphere devices and naturally synthesized extracellular matrix. While the sustained release of bFGF was up to 3.0-fold more potent at increasing vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation than bolus administration, the reverse was true for TGF-beta1. A bolus of TGF-beta1 inhibited vascular cells up to 3.8-fold more efficiently than the same amount of TGF-beta1 if control-released. Both growth factors bound to the extracellular matrix, but only bFGF was released in a controlled fashion (2.8%/day). Contact with the extracellular matrix and subsequent release enhanced bFGF activity such that it was 86% more effective at increasing smooth muscle cell numbers than equal amounts of growth factor diluted from frozen stock. TGF-beta1 remained tightly adherent. The small amount of TGF-beta1 released from the extracellular matrix was approximately 30% less effective than bolus administration at inhibiting vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell growth. Sustained growth factor release may be the preferable mode of administration, but only when a similar mode of metabolism is utilized endogenously.
Japanese Encephalitis Outbreak, India, 2005 (2006)

An outbreak of viral encephalitis occurred in Gorakhpur, India, from July through November 2005. The etiologic agent was confirmed to be Japanese encephalitis virus by analyzing 326 acute-phase clinical specimens for virus-specific antibodies and viral RNA and by virus isolation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates belonged to genogroup 3.
Beating Shapes Relying on Moiré Level Lines (2014)

We consider the problem of obtaining a recognizable shape as superposition moiré of two line gratings. The method we propose generates moiré lines located between the shape foreground and background centers and the shape boundaries. Upon relative displacement of the superposed base- and revealing-layer gratings, the moiré lines move and give the impression of beating shapes. Original bilevel shapes are converted into elevation profiles that are embedded by small local shifts within the base-layer grating layout. The elevation profile's level lines are revealed as moiré by superposing the base and revealing layers. Similar level line moirés can be obtained by applying an identical geometric transformation to both the base and the revealing layers. In order to create grayscale or color images embedding several distinct moiré shapes, we create as base layer a dither array made of several ditherband gratings, each one embedding its specific elevation profile. Further variants include the possibility of incorporating elevation profiles within both the base and the revealing layers, or having two elevation profiles sharing a same base layer by tiling the available space. The moiré-level line techniques can be advantageously used for decorative or for anti-counterfeiting applications. Their base- and revealing-layer gratings may be produced by printing techniques, by imaging on film, or by arrays of cylindrical microlenses.