gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibody induced liver injury in transgenic mice harbouring HBV genes (2003)

Objective: To induce the pathological injury in HBV whole genome transgenic mice with normal pathology, establishing animal model for mechanism research and therapy of acute hepatitis. Methods: Three kinds of the HBV monoclonal antibodies HBsAb, HBeAb,HBcAb were injected into HBV transgenic mice through tail vein with different combination. The ALT were tested and the conventional pathological slices were observed. Results: The antibodies of HBV caused tissue injury and the transgenic mice generated the symptoms of the acute hepatitis; However, the level of ALT had no obvious difference between normal and transgenic mice. Conclusion: Humoral immune reaction can induce the injury of HBV transgenic mice and the mice can develop the symptoms of acute hepatitis. The HBsAb and HBsAb＋HBcAb treated HBV transgenic mice can be used as the animal model in HBV and its related disease studies.
Parathyroid hormone represses alpha 1(I) collagen promoter activity in cultured calvariae from neonatal transgenic mice. (1993)

We examined the effect of PTH on the activity of alpha 1(I) collagen promoter fusion genes in cultured calvariae from transgenic mice. The parent construct, ColCAT 3.6, contains 3520 basepairs of 5' rat alpha 1(I) collagen DNA, 115 basepairs of untranslated alpha 1(I) collagen-coding DNA, and the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, while the 5'-deletion ColCAT 2.3 contains 2296 kilobases of rat alpha 1(I) collagen promoter sequence. Transgenic mouse lines harboring these collagen promoter fusion genes were developed using the oocyte microinjection technique, and for each construct, three different lines of mice were tested. Calvariae from 6- to 8-day-old transgenic mice were cultured for 48 h with or without bovine PTH-(1-34). ColCAT 3.6 and ColCAT 2.3 were expressed at comparable levels in calvariae and were inhibited by PTH. There were parallel decreases in the incorporation of [3H]proline into collagen and levels of the endogenous alpha 1(I) collagen mRNA and transgene mRNA. Forskolin at 10 microM mimicked the inhibitory effect of PTH on promoter activity in ColCAT 3.6 and ColCAT 2.3 calvariae. A RNase protection assay showed that the transgene was initiated correctly from the transgene promoter. These data show that PTH and cAMP can repress collagen promoter activity in calvariae from transgenic mice, suggesting that the alpha 1(I) collagen promoter may contain cis elements down-stream of -2.3 kilobases that mediate PTH and cAMP repression of collagen gene expression in bone. Cultured bone explants from transgenic mice can be used as a model to study hormonal regulation of alpha 1(I) collagen promoter constructs.
Antibody-direct epifluorescent filter technique for rapid, direct enumeration of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef (1994)

Artificially inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7 was directly enumerated in ground beef and beef exudate, without enrichment or selection, by the antibody-direct epifluorescent filter technique (Ab-DEFT). The total assay time of the Ab-DEFT was less than 1 h. The beef was homogenized, treated for 15 min with trypsin and Triton X-100, and passed through a 5-microns-pore-size prefilter and then through a 0.2-microns-pore-size black polycarbonate filter. The final filter was stained directly with fluorescein-labeled anti-O157 polyclonal antibody, rinsed, and examined by epifluorescence microscopy. The sensitivity of the Ab-DEFT was compared with that of a standard enrichment culture technique. Both methods reliably determined the presence of the pathogen in beef at 16 CFU/g. The Ab-DEFT was also useful for quantifying the pathogen and monitoring its growth in beef.
Thickness dependence of critical current density in YBa2Cu3O7−δfilms with BaZrO3and Y2O3addition (2009)

We report the thickness dependence of critical current density (Jc) in YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) films with 5 mol% BaZrO3 (BZO) and 5 mol% Y2O3 additions grown on single crystal SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The results show that adding BZO+Y2O3 has reduced the thickness dependence of the self-field critical current density (Jcsf), compared to that observed in optimized YBCO films, with a significant enhancement of Jcsf in the thick film region (>2 µm). The so-called 'dead layer' did not appear until the film thickness was greater than 6.4 µm. We attribute this improvement to the additional pinning centers introduced in the bulk by the addition and a decrease in microstructure degradation with thickness. As a result, Jcsf remains as high as 2.3 MA cm−2 in a 6.4 µm thick film. The combination of this high Jcsf value and the enhancement of the in-field Jc induced by the additions, which was observed in the whole thickness range, leads to a critical current per centimeter width (Ic−w) in excess of 400 A cm−1 at 1 T and 75.5 K and 530 A cm−1 at 3 T and 65 K under all field directions.
Pre-Treatment of Sewage Sludge to Enhance Biogas Production to Generate Green Energy for Reduction of Carbon Footprint in Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) (2014)

This work elucidates the effects of pre-treatment of sewage sludge for enhancement of biogas production to generate green energy and reduction of carbon footprint in STPs. Microwave pre-treatment has been adopted for this study. Experiment works have been designed and conducted to examine the effectiveness on the disintegration of sewage sludge and biogas production of continuous and intermittent batch microwave pre-treatment at 80 W for 5 minutes and 15 minutes. The quantity of biogas produced with and without pretreatment has been evaluated and compared whereby the continuous microwave pre-treated for 5 minutes and 15 minutes enhances the anaerobic digestibility rate and biogas production by 38.5% and 11.9% respectively compared to intermittently pre-treated sewage sludge sample which only increases by 15.4% and 4.8%. The additional quantity of biogas has shown to be able to increase potential green energy to 45% from current 7% which can offset the energy usage generated by fossil fuels and reduces the CO 2 emission to generate energy from fossil fuels. The replacement of green energy has potential to reduce annual CO 2 emission by 4,329.6 ton for a modern mechanized STP for 250,000 population equivalent in urban setting.
Mercaptoacyl Dipeptides as Orally Active Dual Inhibitors of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Neutral Endopeptidase (1996)

Dual inhibitors of the two zinc metallopeptidases, neutral endopeptidase (NEP, EC 3.4.24.11) and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE, EC 2.4.15.1), have been the focus of much clinical interest for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. We have previously reported that compound 2 (N-[[1-[(2(S)-mercapto-3-methyl-1-oxobutyl) amino]-1-cyclopentyl]-carbonyl]-L-tyrosine) was a potent dual inhibitor in vitro (IC50 (ACE) = 7.0 nM, IC50 (NEP) = 1.5 nM) (Fink et al. J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 5023-5030). This compound was found to have oral activity; however, its duration of effect was short. A series of thioacetate carboxylic acid ester analogs of compound 2 was prepared. Modifications were also made to the tyrosine phenol. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit plasma ACE activity when administered orally to conscious normotensive rats. Most of the compounds prepared were found to be orally active with longer durations of effect than compound 2. Compound 38 (N-[[1-[(2(S)-(acetylthio)-3-methyl-1-oxobutyl) amino]-1-cyclopentyl]carbonyl]-O-methyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester), administered at 11.7 mg/kg po, was found to be more efficacious than captopril at 10 mg/kg po. This compound was also found to inhibit plasma NEP activity following oral administration to conscious rats and was more efficacious than acetorphan. Compound 38 was found to lower blood pressure in the aorta-ligated rat and the spontaneously hypertensive rat when administered orally. The synthesis and biological activity of these dual inhibitors are discussed.
Proteolytic inactivation of human α1 antitrypsin by human stromelysin (1991)

alpha 1 Antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) is the main physiological inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, a serine protease which has been implicated in tissue degradation at inflammatory sites. We report here that the connective tissue metalloproteinase, stromelysin, cleaved alpha 1AT (54 kDa), producing fragments of approximately 50 kDa and 4 kDa, as shown by gel electrophoresis. The cleavage of alpha 1AT was accompanied by inactivation of its elastase inhibitory capacity. Isolation of the 4 kDa fragment by reversed-phase HPLC, followed by N-terminal amino acid sequencing, demonstrated that the cleavage of alpha 1AT occurred at the Pro357-Met358 (P2-P1) peptide bond, one peptide bond to the N-terminal side of the inhibitory site. We suggest that stromelysin may potentiate the activity of neutrophil elastase by proteolytically inactivating alpha 1AT.
High-power superluminescent diodes (1987)

The superluminescent diode (SLD) provides broadband amplified emission over the entire spontaneous emission spectrum. Its limited coherence makes it an ideal source for fiber-optic gyroscopes1 because it reduces the coherent noise from Rayleigh scattering and Faraday and Kerr effects due to laser light. High power (over 15 mW) is needed to increase sensitivity and offset coupling losses to single-mode fiber. We have developed a structure which routinely emits 15 mW of spontaneous light and 28 mW for the best device.
Generation of SARS-CoV-2 reporter replicon for high-throughput antiviral screening and testing (2021)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) research and antiviral discovery are hampered by the lack of a cell-based virus replication system that can be readily adopted without biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) restrictions. Here, the construction of a noninfectious SARS-CoV-2 reporter replicon and its application in deciphering viral replication mechanisms and evaluating SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors are presented. The replicon genome is replication competent but does not produce progeny virions. Its replication can be inhibited by RdRp mutations or by known SARS-CoV-2 antiviral compounds. Using this system, a high-throughput antiviral assay has also been developed. Significant differences in potencies of several SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors in different cell lines were observed, which highlight the challenges of discovering antivirals capable of inhibiting viral replication in vivo and the importance of testing compounds in multiple cell culture models. The generation of a SARS-CoV-2 replicon provides a powerful platform to expand the global research effort to combat COVID-19.
Long-term In Vitro Treatment of Human Glioblastoma Cells with Temozolomide Increases Resistance In Vivo through Up-regulation of GLUT Transporter and Aldo-Keto Reductase Enzyme AKR1C Expression (2010)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent malignant glioma. Treatment of GBM patients is multimodal with maximum surgical resection, followed by concurrent radiation and chemotherapy with the alkylating drug temozolomide (TMZ). The present study aims to identify genes implicated in the acquired resistance of two human GBM cells of astrocytic origin, T98G and U373, to TMZ. Resistance to TMZ was induced by culturing these cells in vitro for months with incremental TMZ concentrations up to 1 mM. Only partial resistance to TMZ has been achieved and was demonstrated in vivo in immunocompromised mice bearing orthotopic U373 and T98G xenografts. Our data show that long-term treatment of human astroglioma cells with TMZ induces increased expression of facilitative glucose transporter/solute carrier GLUT/SLC2A family members, mainly GLUT-3, and of the AKR1C family of proteins. The latter proteins are phase 1 drug-metabolizing enzymes involved in the maintenance of steroid homeostasis, prostaglandin metabolism, and metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. GLUT-3 has been previously suggested to exert roles in GBM neovascularization processes, and TMZ was found to exert antiangiogenic effects in experimental gliomas. AKR1C1 was previously shown to be associated with oncogenic potential, with proproliferative effects similar to AKR1C3 in the latter case. Both AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 proteins are involved in cancer pro-proliferative cell chemoresistance. Selective targeting of GLUT-3 in GBM and/or AKR1C proteins (by means of jasmonates, for example) could thus delay the acquisition of resistance to TMZ of astroglioma cells in the context of prolonged treatment with this drug.
Role of specific muscarinic receptor subtypes in cholinergic parasympathomimetic responses, in vivo phosphoinositide hydrolysis, and pilocarpine‐induced seizure activity (2003)

Abstract Muscarinic agonist‐induced parasympathomimetic effects, in vivo phosphoinositide hydrolysis and seizures were evaluated in wild‐type and muscarinic M 1 –M 5 receptor knockout mice. The muscarinic agonist oxotremorine induced marked hypothermia in all the knockout mice, but the hypothermia was reduced in M 2 and to a lesser extent in M 3 knockout mice. Oxotremorine‐induced tremor was abolished only in the M 2 knockout mice. Muscarinic agonist‐induced salivation was reduced to the greatest extent in M 3 knockout mice, to a lesser degree in M 1 and M 4 knockout mice, and was not altered in M 2 and M 5 knockout mice. Pupil diameter under basal conditions was increased only in the M 3 knockout mice. Pilocarpine‐induced increases in in vivo phosphoinositide hydrolysis were completely absent in hippocampus and cortex of M 1 knockout mice, but in vivo phosphoinositide hydrolysis was unaltered in the M 2 –M 5 knockout mice. A high dose of pilocarpine (300 mg/kg) caused seizures and lethality in wild‐type and M 2 –M 5 knockout mice, but produced neither effect in the M 1 knockout mice. These data demonstrate a major role for M 2 and M 3 muscarinic receptor subtypes in mediating parasympathomimetic effects. Muscarinic M 1 receptors activate phosphoinositide hydrolysis in cortex and hippocampus of mice, consistent with the role of M 1 receptors in cognition. Muscarinic M 1 receptors appear to be the only muscarinic receptor subtype mediating seizures.
Maximizing performance for higher K gate dielectrics (2008)

Further scaling of complementary metal oxide semiconductor gate stacks will require gate dielectrics with a higher dielectric constant (K) than HfO2. We point out that this will require strategies to minimize the overall effective oxide thickness of the gate stack, and not just maximizing the dielectric constant, so that the channel mobility is not impaired and there is still control of the flatband voltages. This may require retention of a SiO2-based interfacial layer, and attention should be paid to the flatband voltages of lanthanide oxides. Phase control of HfO2 and ZrO2 by addition of group IV elements offers simpler advances.
Introduction (2004)

This book is about applying social research to the evaluation of programs or activities within organizations, and considering how such evaluation can produce usable findings. It discusses how to apply the principles and practice of evaluation to local circumstances where resources for evaluation are limited. Such evaluation is therefore on a small scale and those conducting the evaluation are unlikely to be professional evaluators. A model of small-scale evaluation is detailed in the second half of this chapter. The rest of the book shows how the model has been developed and how it can be applied.KeywordsExternal UsageFiling CabinetFunding ApplicationVolunteer SchemeProject AgreementThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Characterization of the Regulatory Domain of the γ-Subunit of Phosphorylase Kinase (1995)

Phosphorylase kinase is a multimeric protein kinase (alpha 4 beta 4 gamma 4 delta 4) whose enzymatic activity is conferred by its gamma-subunit. A library of 18 overlapping synthetic peptides spanning residues 277-386 of the gamma-subunit has been prepared to use in identifying important regulatory structures in the protein. In the present study, the library was screened to identify regions that might function as autoinhibitory domains. Peptides from two distinct regions were found to inhibit the Ca2(+)-activated holoenzyme. The same regions were previously found to bind calmodulin (i.e. the delta-subunit; Dasgupta, M. Honeycutt, T., and Blumenthal, D. K. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 17156-17163). The most potent substrate antagonist peptides were PhK13 (residues 302-326; Ki = 300 nM) and PhK5 (residues 342-366; Ki = 20 microM). Both peptides inhibited the holoenzyme competitively with respect to phosphorylase b and noncompetitively with respect to Mg.ATP. When the pattern of inhibition with both peptides present was analyzed, inhibition was observed to be synergistic and modestly cooperative indicating that the two peptides can simultaneously occupy the protein substrate-binding site(s). These data are consistent with a model in which the regions of the gamma-subunit represented by PhK5 and PhK13 work in concert as regulatory subdomains that transduce Ca2(+)-induced conformational changes in the delta-subunit to the catalytic gamma-subunit through a pseudosubstrate autoinhibitory mechanism.
Glucose sensing in human epidermis using mid-infrared photoacoustic detection (2012)

No reliable non-invasive glucose monitoring devices are currently available. We implemented a mid-infrared (MIR) photoacoustic (PA) setup to track glucose in vitro in deep epidermal layers, which represents a significant step towards non-invasive in vivo glucose measurements using MIR light. An external-cavity quantum-cascade laser (1010-1095 cm(-1)) and a PA cell of only 78 mm(3) volume were employed to monitor glucose in epidermal skin. Skin samples are characterized by a high water content. Such samples investigated with an open-ended PA cell lead to varying conditions in the PA chamber (i.e., change of light absorption or relative humidity) and cause unstable signals. To circumvent variations in relative humidity and possible water condensation, the PA chamber was constantly ventilated by a 10 sccm N(2) flow. By bringing the epidermal skin samples in contact with aqueous glucose solutions with different concentrations (i.e., 0.1-10 g/dl), the glucose concentration in the skin sample was varied through passive diffusion. The achieved detection limit for glucose in epidermal skin is 100 mg/dl (SNR=1). Although this lies within the human physiological range (30-500 mg/dl) further improvements are necessary to non-invasively monitor glucose levels of diabetes patients. Furthermore spectra of epidermal tissue with and without glucose content have been recorded with the tunable quantum-cascade laser, indicating that epidermal constituents do not impair glucose detection.
Floating Body Cell with Independently-Controlled Double Gates for High Density Memory (2006)

An aggressively scaled, self-aligned, independently controlled double-gate floating body cell (IDG FBC) is reported. This structure eases the scaling constraints of other FBC memory devices proposed to date. Enhanced memory performance has been demonstrated owing to the independent back gate with thin oxide and thin Si fin. Memory devices with 85-nm Lg and 30-nm fin widths (Z) have been shown to exhibit better memory characteristics at a lower voltage than alternative FBC structures at comparable dimensions. Design, fabrication, operation, and scalability of IDG FBC devices are discussed
Time-Delay Estimation From Low-Rate Samples: A Union of Subspaces Approach (2010)

Time-delay estimation arises in many applications in which a multipath medium has to be identified from pulses transmitted through the channel. Previous methods for time delay recovery either operate on the analog received signal, or require sampling at the Nyquist rate of the transmitted pulse. In this paper, we develop a unified approach to time delay estimation from low-rate samples. This problem can be formulated in the broader context of sampling over an infinite union of subspaces. Although sampling over unions of subspaces has been receiving growing interest, previous results either focus on unions of finite-dimensional subspaces, or finite unions. The framework we develop here leads to perfect recovery of the multipath delays from samples of the channel output at the lowest possible rate, even in the presence of overlapping transmitted pulses, and allows for a variety of different sampling methods. The sampling rate depends only on the number of multipath components and the transmission rate, but not on the bandwidth of the probing signal. This result can be viewed as a sampling theorem over an infinite union of infinite dimensional subspaces. By properly manipulating the low-rate samples, we show that the time delays can be recovered using the well-known ESPRIT algorithm. Combining results from sampling theory with those obtained in the context of direction of arrival estimation, we develop sufficient conditions on the transmitted pulse and the sampling functions in order to ensure perfect recovery of the channel parameters at the minimal possible rate.
Inheritance of Reduced Palmitic Acid Content in Seed Oil of Soybean (1991)

Reduction of the palmitic acid content of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] would lower the total saturated fatty acid content of the seed oil. A mutant line, A1937NMU‐173, with ≈30 g kg ‐1 less palmitic acid than commercial soybean cultivars was obtained by the treatment of seeds of the cultivar A1937 with N ‐nitroso‐ N ‐methyl‐urea (NMU). To determine the genetic control of the reduced palmitic acid, A1937NMU‐173 was crossed reciprocally to C1726, a line with the fap1 allele that lowers the palmitic acid content. No maternal effect for palmitic acid was observed from the analysis of F 1 seeds from reciprocal crosses. The segregation observed from the analysis of individual F 2 seeds for palmitic acid content satisfactorily fit a ratio of 9 greater than either parent: 2 within the range of the parents: 5 less tahn either parent. The F 2 segregation ratio and the segregation of F 3 seeds from F 2 plants indicated that A1937NMU‐173 and C1726 have different alleles at two independent loci. The allele in A1937NMU‐137 has temporarily been designed fapx . the genotype fap1 fap1 fapx fapx has ≈ g kg ‐1 of palmitic acid, which is the lowest content known in soybean.
Development of the Plutonium-DTPA Biokinetic Model (2015)

Estimating radionuclide intakes from bioassays following chelation treatment presents a challenge to the dosimetrist due to the observed excretion enhancement of the particular radionuclide of concern where no standard biokinetic model exists. This document provides a Pu-DTPA biokinetic model that may be used for making such determination for plutonium intakes. The Pu-DTPA biokinetic model is intended to supplement the standard recommended biokinetic models. The model was used to evaluate several chelation strategies that resulted in providing recommendations for effective treatment. These recommendations supported early treatment for soluble particle inhalations and an initial 3-day series of DTPA treatments for wounds. Several late chelation strategies were also compared where reduced treatment frequencies proved to be as effective as multiple treatments. The Pu-DTPA biokinetic model can be used to assist in estimating initial intakes of transuranic radionuclides and for studying the effects of different treatment strategies.