gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEDICAL EVALUATION OF THE BECK OPERATION FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (1956)

• The Beck operation, which consists of procedures to effect intercoronary blood-flow communications, has been performed on 185 patients in Cleveland. The operation relieves ischemic areas of the heart muscle, responsible for pain, and can prevent dangerous oxygen differentials that cause death; however, it cannot stop occlusive disease in the coronary arteries, nor restore degenerated myocardium. A positive diagnosis of coronary disease is the indication for operation (unless there is some specific contraindication), and the protection afforded by the operation need not be withheld until the patient has had at least one myocardial infarction. On 137 follow-up studies the long-term mortality has been reduced over one-half from what would be expected, and 90% of those patients still being followed have definite amelioration of previous symptoms. The low operative mortality is attested to by a series of 100 consecutive patients operated on, of which only one died prior to discharge from the hospital.
Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 for the selective carboxylation of olefins (2000)

Electroreduction of [CpFe(CO)2]2 (Fp2) in the presence of carbon dioxide makes possible the formation of the 1:1 adduct [Cp(CO)2FeCO2]−, which is catalytically reduced at −1.8 V vs SCE liberating [Cp(CO)2Fe]− and CO2·−. The generation of CO2·− at a potential close to the standard value allows regioselective carboxylation of styrene and isoprene with turnover number of 200 per Fp2. The first step of the carboxylation appears to be the addition of CO2·− to the unsubstituted carbon atoms of the olefin. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Onset of Puberty in the Female Rat: Changes in Plasma Prolactin, Gonadotropins, Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH), and Hypothalamic LHRH Content (1976)

In order to study the sequence of hormonal changes that accompany the onset of puberty in the female rat, immature animals were sacrificed by decapitation between days 32 and 38, and plasma titers of gonadotropins, prolactin, and LHRH, and the hypothalamic content of LHRH were determined by specific radoimmunoassays (RIA). Animals were decapitated at 10:00 and 16:00 h throughout the pubertal period, the uterine weight was recorded, and the ovaries were inspected for signs of ovulation. Animals with the vagina closed were grouped according to the condition of the uterus as anestrus (A), early proestrus (EP) and late proetrus (LP), the uterus being unstimulated, dilated with some fluid, or ballooned, respectively. Vaginal opening was usually associated with ovulation and in most cases occurred at the end of the late proestrous phase. Animals were studied up to 3 days after vaginal opening and were grouped according to vaginal cytology. Uterine weight, taken as an index of estrogen secretion, was low during A, increased during EP, and reached a peak at LP, declining thereafter. Plasma LH and FSH were low from A until the afternoon of LP. At this time, uterine weight was maximal and both gonadotropins increased dramatically. The following morning (estrus), LH but not FSH, had returned to basal values. FSH returned to basal levels on the afternoon of estrus. Plasma prolactin was low in the morning during the entire period, but showed peaks on the afternoon, which reached a maximum at LP and declined thereafter following the pattern of changes in uterine weight. Plasma LHRH was uniformly low throughout the entire pubertal period, whereas hypothalamic LHRH content declined on the morning of estrus (day of vaginal opening). We suggest that the onset of puberty in the female rat is brought about by a gradual increase in estrogen secretion which, acting at the CNS-pituitary level, triggers a preovulatory proestrus-like surge of gonadotropins and prolactin.
Automated Three-Dimensional Identification and Tracking of Micro/Nanobiological Organisms by Computational Holographic Microscopy (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The ability to sense, track, identify, and monitor biological micro/nanoorganisms in a real-time, automated, and integrated system is of great importance from both scientific and technological standpoints. Such a system and its possible variants would have numerous applications in a wide spectrum of fields, including defense against biological warfare, disease control, environmental health and safety, and medical treatments. In this paper, we review a comprehensive mixture of optical and computational tools developed in our group aiming at real-time sensing and recognition of biological microorganisms. Digital in-line holographic microscopy is used with both coherent and partially coherent illumination to probe the specimen interferometerically. The interference pattern is then recorded on an optoelectronic image sensor and transferred to a computer where special statistical algorithms are performed to segment, recognize, and track the microorganisms within the field of view of the microscope. The advantages of proposed holographic sensing are described compared to conventional two-dimensional imaging systems. In addition, the theoretical aspects and fundamental limitations of digital in-line holographic microscopy are discussed, which determine the relationship between system parameters and achievable performance. The proposed optical-digital integrated system for automated, real-time sensing and recognition of biological microorganisms has been deemed promising with the potential of widespread application. We demonstrate how the proposed techniques function together in a series of experiments. </para>
Positional sequencing by hybridization (1996)

Sequencing by hybridization (SBH) is a promising alternative to the classical DNA sequencing approaches. However, the resolving power of SBH is rather low: with 64kb sequencing chips, unknown DNA fragments only as long as 200 bp can be reconstructed in a single SBH experiment. To improve the resolving power of SBH, positional SBH (PSBH) has recently been suggested; this allows (with additional experimental work) approximate positions of every l-tuple in a target DNA fragment to be measured. We study the positional Eulerian path problem motivated by PSBH. The input to the positional eulerian path problem is an Eulerian graph G(V, E) in which every edge has an associated range of integers and the problem is to find an Eulerian path e1,...,e/E/ in G such that the range of ei contains i. We show that the positional Eulerian path problem is NP-complete even when the maximum out-degree (in-degree) of any vertex in the graph is 2. On a positive note we present polynomial algorithms to solve a special case of PSBH (bounded PSBH), where the range of the allowed positions for any edge is bounded by a constant (it corresponds to accurate experimental measurements of positions in PSBH). Moreover, if the positions of every l-tuple in an unknown DNA fragment of length n are measured with O(log n) error, then our algorithm runs in polynomial time. We also present an estimate of the resolving power of PSBH for a more realistic case when positions are measured with theta (n) error.
667. A Novel Platform for Chemical Modification of Adenovirus Vector Capsids Based on Reactive Cysteines (2004)

Modifying the tropism of adenoviral vectors to obtain retargeted particles usually involves genetic modification of the vector genome to incorporate retargeting epitopes. In many cases impaired vector production and low vector yield has been the consequence frequently requiring even the generation of new production cell lines. Furthermore, the incorporation of large retargeting epitopes has been found to be difficult. We developed a novel platform for specific covalent capsid modification by combining a genetic approach with cysteine-based chemical capsid modification techniques.
Effects of Sulfate Ions on Alzheimer β/A4 Peptide Assemblies: Implications for Amyloid Fibril‐Proteoglycan Interactions (1992)

To model the possible involvement of sulfated proteoglycans in amyloidogenesis, we examined the influence of sulfate ions, heparan, and Congo red on the conformation and morphology of peptides derived from the Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid protein. The peptides included residues 11-28, 13-28, 15-28, and 11-25 of beta/A4. Negative-stain electron microscopy revealed a sulfate-specific tendency of the preformed peptide fibrillar assemblies of beta(11-28), beta(13-28), and beta(11-25), but not beta(15-28), to undergo extensive lateral aggregation and axial growth into "macrofibers" that were approximately 0.1-0.2 micron wide by approximately 20-30 microns long. Such effects were observed at low sulfate concentrations (e.g., 5-50 mM) and could not be reproduced under comparable conditions with Na2HPO4, Na2SeO4, or NaCl. Macrofibers in NaCl were only observed at 1,000 mM. At physiological ionic strength of NaCl, fibril aggregation was observed only with addition of sulfate ions at 5-50 mM. Selenate ions, by contrast with sulfate ions, induced only axial and not substantial lateral aggregation of fibrils. X-ray diffraction indicated that the original cross-beta peptide conformation remained unchanged; however, sulfate binding did produce an intense approximately 65 A meridional reflection not recorded with control peptides. This new reflection probably arises from the periodic deposition of the electron-dense sulfate along the (long) axis of the fibril. The sulfate binding could provide sites for the binding of additional fibrils that generate the observed lateral and axial aggregation. The binding of heparan to beta(11-28) also produced extensive aggregation, suggesting that in vivo sulfated compounds can promote macrofibers. The amyloid-specific, sulfonated dye Congo red, even in the presence of sulfate ions, produced limited aggregation and reduced axial growth of the fibrils. Therefore, electrostatic interactions are important in the binding of exogenous compounds to amyloid fibrils. Our findings suggest that the sulfate moieties of certain molecules, such as glycosaminoglycans, may affect the aggregation and deposition of amyloid fibrils that are observed as extensive deposits in senile plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid.
Sequence around the 159 region of the Bacillus subtilis genome: the pksX locus spans 33{middle dot}6 kb (1995)

The nucleotide sequence of 20 kb contiguous to the pksX locus of Bacillus subtilis was determined. Six ORFs were recognized, one of which extended for 13,341 nucleotides. Their predicted products have significant similarities to proteins with known functions involved in the synthesis of polypeptides and polyketides or in fatty acid metabolism. At the nucleotide level, three regions with a high level of sequence identity (49-54%) to the Aspergillus nidulans wA gene, responsible for the synthesis of a polyketide pigment, were recognized. The observed similarities suggest that the 20 kb region and the previously reported 13.6 kb region containing pksX are part of the same locus, possibly involved in secondary metabolism.
Design of two transparent X band reflectarray antennas integrated on a satellite panel (2016)

This paper presents an integrating of highly transparent X band reflectarrays on the cover glass of solar panels. Optimal unit cell element, effect of the solar cell on the antenna, feed consideration, and final design data are presented. The overall transparency and aperture efficiency of the design are more than 90% and 40% respectively, making it a promising solution as a high gain conformal satellite antenna.
mafB Deficient Mouse Results in Impaired Macrophage Differentiation. (2005)

Abstract MafB is one of the large Maf (musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma) proteins sharing a structurally similar basic region/leucine zipper DNA binding motif and a putative activation domain at the N-terminus. MafB is known to be expressed in the myelomonocytic lineages of hematopoietic cells. The recent in vitro experiments showed that the forced MafB expression induced monocytic differentiation of myeloblast progenitors, suggesting MafB could be the critical determinant in monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Nevertheless, the precise expression pattern and the physiological function of MafB in hematopoietic cells have never been analyzed in vivo setting. To address these issues, we have generated mafB locus GFP knock-in mouse. In E14.5 mafB GFP knock-in heterozygous embryos, GFP expression was specifically observed in F4/80 (differentiated macrophage marker) positive fetal liver cells. In homozygous mutant, expression of F4/80+ was significantly decreased in the neonatal liver, spleen and peripheral blood. Interestingly, the colony assay using E14.5 fetal liver cells revealed that the number of macrophage colony was significantly increased in homozygous mutant under the M-CSF supplemented condition, whereas the colony size was dramatically reduced, suggesting MafB deficiency prevent the terminal macrophage differentiation of fetal liver cells, then evoked the abnormal accumulation of premature progenitors. In the macrophages of homozygous mutant obtained by in vitro fetal liver differentiation, F4/80 expression and phagocytotic activity was dramatically suppressed compared to the wild type control. These observations strongly suggest that MafB is indispensable for the differentiation and the functional maturation of macrophages.
Electrooptical Properties of Carbon-Nanotube-Doped Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cell (2006)

We investigated the electrooptical properties of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-doped twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal (LC) cell. Experimental results reveal that the doped CNTs influence the elastic constant of LC–CNT dispersion. Using a small amount of CNT dopant, the field-on response time of the LC cell is nearly invariant; the threshold voltage of the cell increases due to the increase in the elastic constant of LC–CNT dispersion. At a higher CNT concentration, the marked increase in the dielectric anisotropy of LC–CNT dispersion markedly decreases the field-on response time and threshold voltage of the LC cell. The field-off response time of this cell decreases with increasing CNT concentration due to the increase in elastic constant and the slight increase in viscosity of LC–CNT dispersion. The field-on and field-off response times of the LC cell are reduced simultaneously when the LC host is doped with a moderate amount of CNT dopant.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate: characterization of its inhibition of platelet aggregation (2000)

In this study, the ability of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) to modulate platelet aggregation induced by other agents in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was investigated. S1P alone did not stimulate platelet aggregation in PRP. S1P inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by the TRAP peptide (6.75 microM), noradrenaline (NA; 12.5 microM) and the Ca2+ ionophore (5.0-9.5 microM). S1P also increased the response time of platelets to arachidonic acid (AA), but decreased the response time to PMA. S1P displayed a dual effect on sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced platelet aggregation and had no effect on the aggregation induced by ADP or lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Furthermore, S1P blocked the synergistic interaction of oleyol-lysophosphatidic acid (O-LPA) with the TRAP peptide or noradrenaline, while the synergistic interaction of O-LPA with ADP remained largely unaffected.
Electrophile-Driven Regioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Quinolines (2011)

Highly substituted 3-iodoquinolines bearing different alkyl and aryl moieties can be synthesized in moderate to excellent yields (up to 99%) by 6-endo-dig iodocyclization of 2-tosylaminophenylprop-1-yn-3-ols with molecular iodine (I(2)) under mild conditions. The cyclization is highly regioselective and the resulting 3-iodoquinolines can be further functionalized by various coupling reactions.
Lung mesenchyme cell biology (2014)

Chapter 1 ? Background: Reciprocal interactions between lung mesenchymal and epithelial cells play essential roles in lung organogenesis and homeostasis. Altered lung mesenchymal cell number and function are related to many chronic lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Although the molecular markers and related animal models that target lung epithelial cells are relatively well studied, molecular markers of lung mesenchymal cells and the genetic tools to target and/or manipulate gene expression in a lung mesenchyme?specific manner are not available. The ability to manipulate gene expression in specific cell type in the lung mesenchyme is important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the lung mesenchymal biology and the related pulmonary diseases. Lack of knowledge of gene regulatory elements that contribute to lung mesenchymal cell specificity is a major barrier for developing such genetic tools. ? Result: We have characterized a mouse Tbx4 gene enhancer that contains conserved DNA sequences across many vertebrate species with lung or lung?like gas exchange organ. Two transgenic mouse lines were then generated to express rtTA/LacZ under the control of this Tbx4 lung enhancer. By combining the Tbx4-rtTA driven Tet?On inducible Cre recombinase expression mouse lines with a mT?mG dual fluorescence reporter mouse line, the spatial?temporal patterns of Tbx4 lung enhancer?targeted lung mesenchymal cells were defined. The Tbx4 lung enhancer was active only in lung mesenchymal cells, but not in other tissues, from prenatal developmental stage to adult. Pulmonary endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells were only targeted by the Tbx4-rtTA driver line prior to E11.5 and E15.5, respectively, while other subtypes of lung mesenchymal cells including airway smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, pericytes could be targeted during the entire developmental stage. ? Conclusion: Activation of the Tbx4 lung enhancer is only detected in mesenchymal cells of developing lung. With our newly created Tbx4 lung enhancer?driven Tet?On inducible system, lung mesenchymal cells can be specifically and differentially targeted in vivo at the first time by controlling the doxycycline induction time window. This novel system provides a unique tool to study lung mesenchymal cell lineages and gene functions in lung mesenchymal development, injury repair, and regeneration in mice. ? Chapter 2 ? Background: Although bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have been extensively studied, tissue specific MSCs, including lung resident MSCs, are poorly defined and characterized. Studies have shown that stem cell?mediated injury repair and regeneration is critical to maintain normal lung structure and function. The increasing recognition of the properties of mesenchymal stem cells has led to various pathogenesis?oriented studies. The roles of lung resident MSCs in lung diseases have never been studied. Emphysema is the third leading cause of death in the U.S.
Phase II Study of Rituximab in Combination With CHOP Chemotherapy in Patients With Previously Untreated, Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (2001)

This is the first report to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the Rituxan chimeric anti-CD20 antibody in combination with standard-dose CHOP in the treatment of aggressive B-cell lymphoma. The clinical responses are at least comparable to those achieved with CHOP alone with no significant added toxicity. The presence or absence of the bcl-2 translocation did not affect the ability of patients to achieve a CR with this regimen. The ability to achieve sustained remissions in patients with an IPI score > or = 2 warrants further investigation with a randomized study.
Mechanical Modulation of Vertebral Growth in the Fusionless Treatment of Progressive Scoliosis in an Experimental Model (2006)

This study demonstrates the ability to create wedge deformities at the apex of an experimental scoliosis in a large animal model and to control the progression of these deformities using anterior thoracic staples.
The H+D2 reaction: Quantum-state distributions at collision energies of 1.3 and 0.55 eV (1989)

We have studied the H+D2 →HD+D reaction using thermal D2 (∼298 K) and translationally hot hydrogen atoms. Photolysis of HI at 266 nm generates H atoms with center-of-mass collision energies of 1.3 and 0.55 eV, both of which are above the classical reaction barrier of 0.42 eV. The rovibrational population distribution of the molecular product is measured by (2+1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). The populations of all energetically accessible HD levels are measured. Specifically, we observe HD(v=0, J=0–15), HD(v=1, J=0–12), and HD(v=2, J=0–8). Of the available energy, 73% is partitioned into product translation, 18% into HD rotation, and 9% into HD vibration. Both the rotational and vibrational distributions are in remarkably good agreement with quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations, though the calculated rotational distributions are slightly too hot. We discuss factors contributing to the success of the QCT calculations.
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor activates the receptor tyrosine kinase RET and promotes kidney morphogenesis. (1996)

The receptor tyrosine kinase RET functions during the development of the kidney and the enteric nervous system, yet no ligand has been identified to date. This report demonstrates that the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) activates RET, as measured by tyrosine phosphorylation of the intracellular catalytic domain. GDNF also binds RET with a dissociation constant of 8 nM, and 125I-labeled GDNF can be coimmunoprecipitated with anti-RET antibodies. In addition, exogenous GDNF stimulates both branching and proliferation of embryonic kidneys in organ culture, whereas neutralizing antibodies against GDNF inhibit branching morphogenesis. These data indicate that RET and GDNF are components of a common signaling pathway and point to a role for GDNF in kidney development.
Rapid Evolution of 6-Phenylpurine Inhibitors of Protein Kinase B through Structure-Based Design (2007)

6-phenylpurines were identified as novel, ATP-competitive inhibitors of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) from a fragment-based screen and were rapidly progressed to potent compounds using iterative protein-ligand crystallography with a PKA-PKB chimeric protein. An elaborated lead compound showed cell growth inhibition and effects on cellular signaling pathways characteristic of PKB inhibition.
The Nlrp3 inflammasome is critical for aluminium hydroxide‐mediated IL‐1β secretion but dispensable for adjuvant activity (2008)

Aluminum hydroxide (alum) is the most widely used adjuvant in human vaccines, but the immune mechanisms that are activated by alum remain poorly understood. Alum has recently been shown to promote caspase-1 activation and IL-1beta secretion, but the cellular pathways involved remain elusive. Here we report that the release of IL-1beta triggered by alum is abrogated in macrophages deficient in the NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3) protein and the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (Asc) but not the NLR family, CARD domain containing 4 (Nlrc4) protein. The requirement of the Nlrp3 inflammasome was specific for IL-1beta in that secretion of TNF-alpha was independent of Nlrp3 or Asc. Consistently, processing of pro-caspase-1 induced by alum was abolished in macrophages lacking Nlrp3 or Asc. Unlike caspase-1 processing and IL-1beta secretion triggered by LPS, alum-mediated activation of the inflammasome did not require exogenous ATP. Importantly, induction of IgG production against human serum albumin by alum was unimpaired in mice deficient in Nlrp3. These results indicate that alum induces IL-1beta via the Nlrp3 inflammasome but this activity is dispensable for alum-mediated adjuvant activity.