gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reproduction of transfusion-related acute lung injury in an ex vivo lung model [see comments] (1990)

Leukoagglutinins are implicated in transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). In the present study, severe lung vascular leakage was reproduced by application of a leukoagglutinating antibody of anti-5b specificity in an ex vivo lung model. The antibody originated from a multiparous donor-plasma, observed to cause noncardiogenic edema during transfusion therapy. Heated full plasma (anti-5b-titer 1/128) or purified immunoglobulin G fraction was used for the studies. Ex vivo isolated rabbit lungs were perfused with albumin buffer, and human granulocytes (PMN) were admixed to the recirculating perfusate. In presence of anti-5b antibody plus 5b-positive PMN plus rabbit plasma as complement-source, severe lung edema occurred after a latent period of 3 to 6 hours. Pulmonary artery pressure was only transiently and moderately increased, and the leakage reaction could be traced back to a several-fold increase in lung vascular permeability. In contrast, no vascular leakage was noted in lungs perfused in the absence of anti-5b antibody, PMN, or rabbit plasma. Moreover, no permeability increase occurred on use of 5b-negative PMN. This reproduction of TRALI in an ex vivo lung model corroborates the role of leukoagglutinating antibodies in initiating PMN-dependent respiratory distress and suggests a contribution of concomitant complement activation.
Progesterone Synthesis and Myelin Formation by Schwann Cells (1995)

Progesterone is shown here to be produced from pregnenolone by Schwann cells in peripheral nerves. After cryolesion of the sciatic nerve in male mice, axons regenerate and become myelinated. Blocking either the local synthesis or the receptor-mediated action of progesterone impaired remyelination. Administration of progesterone or its precursor, pregnenolone, to the lesion site increased the extent of myelin sheath formation. Myelination of axons was also increased when progesterone was added to cultures of rat dorsal root ganglia. These observations indicate a role for locally produced progesterone in myelination, demonstrate that progesterone is not simply a sex steroid, and suggest a new therapeutic approach to promote myelin repair.
Improved 2 kW solar inverter with wide input voltage range (2005)

In case of medium voltage (several tenth up to several hundred volts) solar inverter applications a DC-to-DC converter for voltage level adaptation is required. To rise the overall efficiency of the inverter a synchronized multiphase PWM concept was chosen. Both, the DC-to-DC converter and the mains coupled DC-to-AC inverter can be realized as multiphase stages. In our case only the DC-to-DC converter is realized as a multiphase system. In this paper a 120 V-240 V DC(input) to 230 V AC(output)/2 kW converter is derived. In the current paper the development of the inverter is described, realization hints are given and the efficiency of the complete inverter is compared to a conventional solution.
Src-Mediated Phosphorylation of Focal Adhesion Kinase Couples Actin and Adhesion Dynamics to Survival Signaling (2004)

Integrin-associated focal adhesions not only provide adhesive links between cellular actin and extracellular matrix but also are sites of signal transmission into the cell interior. Many cell responses signal through focal adhesion kinase (FAK), often by integrin-induced autophosphorylation of FAK or phosphorylation by Src family kinases. Here, we used an interfering FAK mutant (4-9F-FAK) to show that Src-dependent FAK phosphorylation is required for focal adhesion turnover and cell migration, by controlling assembly of a calpain 2/FAK/Src/p42ERK complex, calpain activation, and proteolysis of FAK. Expression of 4-9F-FAK in FAK-deficient fibroblasts also disrupts F-actin assembly associated with normal adhesion and spreading. In addition, we found that FAK's ability to regulate both assembly and disassembly of the actin and adhesion networks may be linked to regulation of the protease calpain. Surprisingly, we also found that the same interfering 4-9F-FAK mutant protein causes apoptosis of serum-deprived, transformed cells and suppresses anchorage-independent growth. These data show that Src-mediated phosphorylation of FAK acts as a pivotal regulator of both actin and adhesion dynamics and survival signaling, which, in turn, control apparently distinct processes such as cell migration and anchorage-independent growth. This also highlights that dynamic regulation of actin and adhesions (which include the integrin matrix receptors) is critical to signaling output and biological responses.
Purification and properties of thiol beta-lactamase. A mutant of pBR322 beta-lactamase in which the active site serine has been replaced with cysteine. (1984)

The specifically mutated enzyme thiol beta-lactamase has been expressed in Escherichia coli by means of the trp promoter and purified to homogeneity. The gene for this enzyme results from a single base change N410 A----T in the gene of pBR322 RTEM beta-lactamase (EC 3.5.2.6, penicillinase, penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase) which alters the codon for the active site Ser 70 to that for Cys. Precursor thiol beta-lactamase is processed to give the same NH2-terminal sequence as that for wild type enzyme. In contrast to the wild type enzyme, thiol beta-lactamase contains one free titratable thiol group/molecule. Thiol beta-lactamase catalyzes the hydrolysis of beta-lactams with a substrate specificity that is distinct from that of wild type enzyme. For benzyl-penicillin and ampicillin, the Km values are similar to wild type values although the kcat values are 1-2% that of wild type enzyme. For the cephalosporin nitrocefin, the Km is greater than 10-fold that of the wild type and the kcat is at least as large as the kcat for the wild type enzyme. Thiol beta-lactamase is different from wild type beta-lactamase in that it is not competitively inhibited by boric acid although a small degree of noncompetitive inhibition does occur. Whereas the circular dichroism spectra of both enzymes are nearly identical, thiol beta-lactamase at 40 degrees C is 3-fold more resistant to trypsin than is the wild type enzyme.
Graphical interface for communication network analysis (2002)

A graphical tool is presented for the analysis and simulation of communication networks. The tool provides a user interface based on windows, icons, and command menus that allows users to define the network topology and attributes easily. Application programs that simulate or analyze some network aspect, interact with the tool through a program interface that provides a set of functions for reading the network information stored during the definition phase and presenting their results, either in textural or in graphical form.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Control-Point Representation and Differential Coding Affine-Motion Compensation (2013)

The affine-motion model is able to capture rotation, zooming, and the deformation of moving objects, thereby providing a better motion-compensated prediction. However, it is not widely used due to difficulty in both estimation and efficient coding of its motion parameters. To alleviate this problem, a new control-point representation that favors differential coding is proposed for efficient compression of affine parameters. By exploiting the spatial correlation between adjacent coding blocks, motion vectors at control points can be predicted and thus efficiently coded, leading to overall improved performance. To evaluate the proposed method, four new affine prediction modes are designed and embedded into the high-efficiency video coding test model HM1.0. The encoder adaptively chooses whether to use the new affine mode in an operational rate-distortion optimization. Bitrate savings up to 33.82% in low-delay and 23.90% in random-access test conditions are obtained for low-complexity encoder settings. For high-efficiency settings, bitrate savings up to 14.26% and 4.89% for these two modes are observed.
The pulse oximetry plethysmographic curve revisited (2008)

A growing number of recent clinical studies demonstrated that plethysmographic dynamic indices are useful methods to assess fluid responsiveness. Any alternating signal processing of the raw data curves, however, may be detrimental for this purpose, as significant clinically relevant information could be lost after perpetual adjustment of filtering. Hence, time will tell if the pulse oximetry plethysmographic curve will succeed other methods as a noninvasive approach to monitor haemodynamics of critically ill patients.
Augmentation of Hematopoiesis by Fibroblast-Mediated Interleukin-6 Gene Therapy in Mice with Chemotherapy (1998)

Murine fibroblast NIH3T3 cells engineered to secrete interleukin-6 (NIH3T3-IL-6) were implanted intraperitoneally into mice and observed for their hematopoietic effects with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration. In normal mice, the platelet and neutrophil counts in peripheral blood increased significantly after implantation of NIH3T3-IL-6 cells, but the total white blood cell numbers showed no obvious elevation. The granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) and megakaryocyte colony-forming unit (CFU-MK) numbers formed by stem cells in bone marrow and spleen were also found to be significantly increased after implantation of NIH3T3-IL-6 cells when compared with those in mice after implantation of NIH3T3 cells transduced with neomycin gene (NIH3T3-Neo). To observe the protective effects of NIH3T3-IL-6 cells on hematopoietic depression in chemotherapy-treated mice, the mice were preinjected with 5-FU at a dosage of 150 mg/kg before implantation of NIH3T3-IL-6 cells. The platelet and neutrophil counts showed accelerated recovery after implantation of NIH3T3-IL-6 cells. The numbers of CFU-GM and CFU-MK in bone marrow and spleen were also found to be markedly increased in hematopoietic-depressed mice when compared with those in mice implanted with NIH3T3-Neo cells. These data suggest that fibroblast-mediated IL-6 gene therapy, which can augment hematopoiesis in mice with or without chemotherapy, will be of great help in the recovery from hematopoietic depression after chemotherapy.
Reduced expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor gene p57KIP2 in Wilms' tumor. (1996)

We have previously shown that the p57KIP2 gene, which encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, undergoes genomic imprinting and lies within a 700-kb domain of imprinted genes on 11p15, including IGF2 and H19. Loss of heterozygosity and loss of imprinting (LOI) of this region are frequently observed in Wilms' tumor (WT) and other embryonal malignancies. Although LOI of p57KIP2 was observed in some WTs (approximately 10%), allele-specific expression was preserved in most tumors examined. Because our initial studies were inconclusive concerning the absolute expression level of p57KIP2 in WT, we developed a sensitive and quantitative RNase protection assay to determine if changes in p57KIP2 expression play a role in WT. Expression of p57KIP2 was found to be virtually absent in 21 of 21 WTs compared to matched normal kidney from the same patients, as well as compared to fetal kidney. We also examined p57KIP2 expression in the normal kidney and tongue of patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), which predisposes to WT and also involves LOI of IGF2 and H19. Although p57KIP2 was undetectable in BWS tongue, similar results were also observed in postnatal non-BWS tongue samples. Most primary skin fibroblast cultures of BWS cell lines exhibited normal imprinting of p57KIP2. However, one BWS patient did show LOI of p57KIP2 in skin fibroblasts. Thus, p57KIP2 is part of a domain of genes on 11p15 that show altered expression and, in some cases, altered imprinting in WT and BWS.
PD0325901, a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Inhibitor, Produces Ocular Toxicity in a Rabbit Animal Model of Retinal Vein Occlusion (2009)

This work has developed a rabbit model of PD0325901-induced RVO that may be used to characterize the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this effect in humans.
Mutants ofEscherichia coliHeat-Labile Toxin Act as Effective Mucosal Adjuvants for Nasal Delivery of an Acellular Pertussis Vaccine: Differential Effects of the Nontoxic AB Complex and Enzyme Activity on Th1 and Th2 Cells (1999)

Mucosal delivery of vaccines is dependent on the identification of safe and effective adjuvants that can enhance the immunogenicity of protein antigens administered by nasal or oral routes. In this study we demonstrate that two mutants of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT), LTK63, which lacks ADP-ribosylating activity, and LTR72, which has partial enzyme activity, act as potent mucosal adjuvants for the nasal delivery of an acellular pertussis (Pa) vaccine. Both LTK63 and LTR72 enhanced antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), secretory IgA, and local and systemic T-cell responses. Furthermore, using the murine respiratory challenge model for infection with Bordetella pertussis, we demonstrated that a nasally delivered diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTPa) combination vaccine formulated with LTK63 as an adjuvant conferred a high level of protection, equivalent to that generated with a parenterally delivered DTPa vaccine formulated with alum. This study also provides significant new information on the roles of the binding and enzyme components of LT in the modulation of Th1 and Th2 responses. LTK63, which lacks enzyme activity, promoted T-cell responses with a mixed Th1-Th2 profile, but LTR72, which retains partial enzyme activity, and the wild-type toxin, especially at low dose, induced a more polarized Th2-type response and very high IgA and IgG antibody titers. Our findings suggest that the nontoxic AB complex has broad adjuvant activity for T-cell responses and that the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of the A subunit also appears to modulate cytokine production, but its effect on T-cell subtypes, as well as enhancing, may be selectively suppressive.
Stereoselective Synthesis of the 5‘-Hydroxy-5‘-phosphonate Derivatives of Cytidine and Cytosine Arabinoside (2002)

Both the (R)- and (S)-5'-hydroxy 5'-phosphonate derivatives of cytidine and cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) have been prepared via phosphite addition or a Lewis acid mediated hydrophosphonylation of appropriately protected 5'-nucleoside aldehydes. Phosphite addition to a cytosine aldehyde protected as the 2',3'-acetonide gave predominately the 5'R isomer, while phosphite addition to the corresponding 2',3'-bis TBS derivative favored the 5'S stereochemistry. In contrast, phosphite addition to the 2',3'-bis TBS protected aldehyde derived from ara-C gave only the 5'R adduct. However, TiCl(4)-mediated hydrophosphonylation of the same ara-C aldehyde favored the 5'S stereoisomer by a 2:1 ratio. Once all four of the diastereomers were in hand, the stereochemistry of these compounds could be assigned based on their spectral data or that obtained from their O-methyl mandelate derivatives. After hydrolysis of the phosphonate esters and various protecting groups, the four alpha-hydroxy phosphonic acids were tested for their ability to serve as substrates for the enzyme nucleoside monophosphate kinase and for their toxicity to K562 cells.
HER-2/neu is a tumor rejection target in tolerized HER-2/neu transgenic mice. (2000)

HER-2/neu (neu-N) transgenic mice, which express the nontransforming rat proto-oncogene, develop spontaneous focal mammary adenocarcinomas beginning at 5-6 months of age. The development and histology of these tumors bears a striking resemblance to what is seen in patients with breast cancer. We have characterized the immunological responses to HER-2/neu (neu) in this animal model. neu-positive tumor lines, which were derived from spontaneous tumors that formed in neu-N animals, are highly immunogenic in parental, FVB/N mice. In contrast, a 100-fold lower tumor challenge is sufficient for growth in 100% of transgenic animals. Despite significant tolerance to the transgene, neu-specific immune responses similar to those observed in breast cancer patients can be demonstrated in neu-N mice prior to vaccination. Both cellular and humoral neu-specific responses in transgenic mice can be boosted with neu-specific vaccination, although to a significantly lesser degree than what is observed in FVB/N mice, indicating that the T cells involved are less responsive than in the nontoleragenic parental strain. Using irradiated whole-cell and recombinant vaccinia virus vaccinations we are able to protect neu-N mice from a neu-expressing tumor challenge. T-cell depletion experiments demonstrated that the observed protection is T cell dependent. The vaccine-dependent neu-specific immune response is also sufficient to delay the onset of spontaneous tumor formation in these mice. These data suggest that, despite tolerance to neu in this transgenic model, it is possible to immunize neu-specific T cells to achieve neu-specific tumor rejection in vivo. These transgenic mice provide a spontaneous tumor model for identifying vaccine approaches potent enough to overcome mechanisms of immune tolerance that are likely to exist in patients with cancer.
Mood-congruent amygdala responses to subliminally presented facial expressions in major depression: associations with anhedonia (2013)

We replicated our previous finding of depressed patients showing automatic amygdala mood-congruent biases in terms of enhanced reactivity to negative emotional stimuli and reduced activity to positive emotional stimuli. The altered amygdala processing of positive stimuli in patients was associated with anhedonia scores. The results indicate that reduced amygdala responsiveness to positive stimuli may contribute to anhedonic symptoms due to reduced/inappropriate salience attribution to positive information at very early processing levels.
Membrane Vesicle Release in Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Archaea: a Conserved yet Underappreciated Aspect of Microbial Life (2012)

Interaction of microbes with their environment depends on features of the dynamic microbial surface throughout cell growth and division. Surface modifications, whether used to acquire nutrients, defend against other microbes, or resist the pressures of a host immune system, facilitate adaptation to unique surroundings. The release of bioactive membrane vesicles (MVs) from the cell surface is conserved across microbial life, in bacteria, archaea, fungi, and parasites. MV production occurs not only in vitro but also in vivo during infection, underscoring the influence of these surface organelles in microbial physiology and pathogenesis through delivery of enzymes, toxins, communication signals, and antigens recognized by the innate and adaptive immune systems. Derived from a variety of organisms that span kingdoms of life and called by several names (membrane vesicles, outer membrane vesicles [OMVs], exosomes, shedding microvesicles, etc.), the conserved functions and mechanistic strategies of MV release are similar, including the use of ESCRT proteins and ESCRT protein homologues to facilitate these processes in archaea and eukaryotic microbes. Although forms of MV release by different organisms share similar visual, mechanistic, and functional features, there has been little comparison across microbial life. This underappreciated conservation of vesicle release, and the resulting functional impact throughout the tree of life, explored in this review, stresses the importance of vesicle-mediated processes throughout biology.
A Full-Length cDNA Infectious Clone of North American Type 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein in the Nsp2 Region (2006)

The recent emergence of a unique group of North American type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in the United States presents new disease control problems for a swine industry that has already been impacted seriously by North American type 2 PRRSV. In this study, a full-length cDNA infectious clone was generated from a low-virulence North American type 1 PRRSV isolate, SD01-08. In vitro studies demonstrated that the cloned virus maintained growth properties similar to those of the parental virus. Virological, pathological, and immunological observations from animals challenged with cloned viruses were similar to those from animals challenged with the parental virus and a modified live virus vaccine. To further explore the potential use as a viral backbone for expressing foreign genes, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was inserted into a unique deletion site located at amino acid positions 348 and 349 of the predicted Nsp2 region in the virus, and expression of the Nsp2-GFP fusion protein was visualized by fluorescent microscopy. The availability of this North American type 1 infectious clone provides an important research tool for further study of the basic viral biology and pathogenic mechanisms of this group of type 1 PRRSV in the United States.
Crosslanguage Study of Vowel Perception (1969)

This study examines the discrimination and identification of synthetic rounded and unrounded vowels by speakers of two languages (English and Swedish). The unrounded vowels are phonemic in both languages, whereas the rounded vowels are phonemic only in Swedish. A subsidiary aim of the study is to compare the perception of the synthetic vowels with that of synthetic consonant-vowel syllables in which the consonants are stops arranged along a continuum from /b/ to /d/ to /g/. The data indicate that the ability of subjects to discriminate between the vowels is relatively independent of their linguistic experience: Swedish and American English subjects exhibit similar performance in the discrimination tests, though they have somewhat different identification functions. The discrimination functions are characterized by peaks and valleys, suggesting that listeners can discriminate given shifts in the vowel formant frequencies more readily in some vowel regions than in others. Comparison of the data on stop-consonant and vowel perception is consistent with earlier findings: the number of discriminable tokens along the stop-consonant continuum is roughly equal to the number of absolutely identifiable items (three in this case) ; on the other hand, the number of discriminable vowels is much greater than the number that can be absolutely identified. The data are in accord with the view that a human listener uses different modes in the perception of steady-state vowels and stop consonants.