gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lead free metallisation paste for crystalline silicon solar cells: from model to results (2005)

This work reports successful development of thick film lead free metallisation paste for contacting crystalline silicon solar cells. Models have been set-up to understand and describe the process of contact formation and current transport of front side metallisation pastes to silicon. New experimental test procedures have been developed to assess the models and minimize the number of experimental tests. The goal is to find in an intelligent way a replacement for the lead in the glass frit. Using the outcome of this new contact model silver pastes with lead free glass frits have been formulated and tested using the new approaches. Cells were produced of Cz mono crystalline silicon material, with a 45 Ohm/square emitter and SiN/sub x/ antireflection coating. Using the best lead free silver front side pastes an efficiency of 16.6% was reached. This is equal to results from leaded reference pastes, and the best result published so far.
Twisted String Actuation Systems: A Study of the Mathematical Model and a Comparison of Twisted Strings (2013)

This paper presents an improved mathematical model of a twisted string transmission system. The proposed mathematical model has been validated experimentally and provided a better match with the practical data in comparison with the conventional model. Translational transmission systems based on twisted strings coupled with electric motors can compose light-weight, compact, and mechanically simple actuators that can be used in various robotic applications. An extensive experimental study on the performance of different types of strings during twisting is presented. The drawbacks and advantages of each type of strings, along with some of their properties, are discussed.
Site-Specific, Sustained Release of Drugs to the Brain (1981)

A dihydropyridine-pyridinium salt type of redox system is used in a general and flexible method for the site-specific or sustained delivery (or both) of drugs to the brain. A biologically active compound linked to a lipoidal dihydropyridine carrier easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier. Oxidation of the carrier part in vivo to the ionic pyridinium salt prevents its elimination from the brain, while elimination from the general circulation is accelerated. Subsequent cleavage of the quaternary carrier-drug species results in sustained delivery of the drug in the brain and facile elimination of the carrier part.
L523S, an RNA-binding protein as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer (2003)

Approaches to vaccine-based immunotherapy of human cancer may ultimately require targets that are both tumour-specific and immunogenic. In order to generate specific antitumour immune responses to lung cancer, we have sought lung cancer-specific proteins that can be targeted for adjuvant vaccine therapy. By using a combination of cDNA subtraction and microarray analysis, we previously reported the identification of an RNA-binding protein within the KOC family, L523S, to be overexpressed in squamous cell cancers of the lung. We show here that L523S exhibits significant potential for vaccine immunotherapy of lung cancer. As an oncofetal protein, L523S is normally expressed in early embryonic tissues, yet it is re-expressed in a high percentage of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. The specificity of L523S expression in lung cancer was demonstrated by both mRNA and protein measurements using real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analyses. Furthermore, we show that immunological tolerance of L523S is naturally broken in lung cancer patients, as evidenced by detectable antibody responses to recombinant L523S protein in eight of 17 lung pleural effusions from lung cancer patients. Collectively, our studies suggest that L523S may be an important marker of malignant progression in human lung cancer, and further suggest that treatment approaches based on L523S as an immunogenic target are worthy of pursuit.
The MIT Alewife machine (1995)

Alewife is a multiprocessor architecture that supports up to 512 processing nodes connected over a scalable and cost-effective mesh network at a constant cost per node. The MIT Alewife machine, a prototype implementation of the architecture, demonstrates that a parallel system can be both scalable and programmable. Four mechanisms combine to achieve these goals: software-extended coherent shared memory provides a global, linear address space; integrated message passing allows compiler and operating system designers to provide efficient communication and synchronization; support for fine-grain computation allows many processors to cooperate on small problem sizes; and latency tolerance mechanisms --- including block multithreading and prefetching --- mask unavoidable delays due to communication.Microbenchmarks, together with over a dozen complete applications running on the 32-node prototype, help to analyze the behavior of the system. Analysis shows that integrating message passing with shared memory enables a cost-efficient solution to the cache coherence problem and provides a rich set of programming primitives. Block multithreading and prefetching improve performance by up to 25% individually, and 35% together. Finally, language constructs that allow programmers to express fine-grain synchronization can improve performance by over a factor of two.
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of DGK Improves Antitumor Activities of Human T Cells (2018)

The efficacy of T-cell therapy is inhibited by various tumor-associated immunosuppressive ligands and soluble factors. Such inhibitory signals turn specific T-cell signaling pathways on or off, impeding the anticancer functions of T cells. Many studies have focused on PD-1 or CTLA-4 blockade to invigorate T-cell functions through CD28/B7 signaling, but obtaining robust clinical outcomes remains challenging. In this study, we use CRISPR/Cas9 to potentiate T-cell function by increasing CD3 signaling via knockout of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK), an enzyme that metabolizes diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid. Knockout of DGK augmented the effector functions of CAR-T cells <i>in vitro</i> via increased TCR signaling. DGK knockout from CAR-T cells rendered them resistant to soluble immunosuppressive factors such as TGFβ and prostaglandin E2 and sustained effector functions under conditions of repeated tumor stimulation. Moreover, DGK knockout caused significant regression of U87MGvIII glioblastoma tumors through enhanced effector functions in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, our study shows that knockout of DGK effectively enhances the effector functions of CAR-T cells, suggesting that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of DGK could be applicable as part of a multifaceted clinical strategy to treat solid cancers.<b>Significance:</b> This novel study demonstrates efficient ablation of diacylglycerol kinase in human CAR-T cells that leads to improved antitumor immunity and may have significant impact in human cancer immunotherapy. <i>Cancer Res; 78(16); 4692-703. ©2018 AACR</i>.
A software architecture for workstations supporting multimedia conferencing in packet switching networks (1990)

The software architecture of a multimedia workstation connected to an experimental packet switching network which is capable of switching voice, data, and video simultaneously is described. The user of a multimedia workstation may engage in several multimedia calls, each using multiple information streams consisting of voice, data, and images. The network interface software in the workstation maintains the temporal relationship among a given call's information streams. For each call, the network interface provides a multiple information channel interface to upper layer software supporting the notion of a multimedia virtual circuit. A connector mechanism is provided to control the information exchange among the network interface, the various voice, data, and image peripherals, and the computer programs used in a multimedia application. These information sources and sinks share a common abstraction called active devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multiplexed Proximity Ligation Assays to Profile Putative Plasma Biomarkers Relevant to Pancreatic and Ovarian Cancer (2008)

Multiplex PLA using either matched monoclonal antibodies or single batches of polyclonal antibody should prove useful for identifying and validating sets of putative disease biomarkers and finding multimarker panels.
Gut macrophage phenotype is dependent on the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer (2016)

In contrast to many cancers, a high infiltration of macrophages in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been associated with improved prognosis for patients. Cytokines and other stimuli from the tumor microenvironment affect monocyte to macrophage maturation and subsequent phenotype and function. Heterogeneous myeloid populations were identified using a novel flow cytometry panel in both tumor and paired non-tumor bowel (NTB) from CRC patients. The frequency of macrophage subsets with a gut-conditioned phenotype was lower in tumor compared with NTB. We used an in vitro system to show that two of the macrophage populations represented pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Conditioned media that contained high levels of interleukin-6 promoted and maintained an anti-inflammatory phenotype in vitro. This study demonstrates the plasticity and heterogeneity of macrophage subtypes in human CRC, and the feasibility of studying complex populations. Ex vivo experiments demonstrate that macrophage subsets are influenced by the tumor microenvironment.
Control of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules by fatty acids (1996)

Dietary balance of long-chain fatty acids (FA) may influence human susceptibility to pathological processes which involve the interaction of leukocytes with vascular endothelium, such as atherogenesis and inflammation. Such interaction is largely mediated by the de novo or increased expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules on vascular endothelial cells, able to tether and stably bind leukocytes onto the vessel wall, and by the production of leukocyte chemoattractants. Endothelial cells do not normally support high levels of leukocyte adhesion. They do so, however, when exposed to a number of stimuli, such as oxidized low density lipoprotein bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and inflammatory cytokines, which induce phenotypic changes generally referred to as "endothelial activation." We compared various FA in their ability to modulate endothelial activation by cytokines. FA included linoleic, arachidonic, oleic, eicosapentaenoic and, docosa-hexaenoic acid (DHA) as representatives of the n-6, n-3 polyunsaturated FA and of the monounsaturated FA. The n-3 FA DHA, and, to a lesser extent, oleate, at nutritionally compatible concentrations, were able to reduce endothelial expression of Vascular Cell and Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In further studies, DHA dose- and time-dependently reduced also the expression of E-selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, in response to IL-1, IL-4, tumor-necrosis factor, or bacterial endotoxin. The magnitude of this effect paralleled its incorporation into cellular phospholipids. Also, coordinate with reduced surface adhesion molecule expression, DHA reduced the adhesion of human monocytes and of monocytic U937 cells to cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells. These effects were accompanied by a quantitatively consistent reduction in VCAM-1 mRNA, indicating a pretranslational control of adhesion molecule gene expression. These novel properties of FA as modulators of endothelial activation may help to explain the influence of dietary FA intake on atherogenesis and inflammation.
Using Microsoft Windows 7 (2010)

Get comfortable with Windows 7. Dont just read about it: See it and hear it with step-by-step video tutorials and valuable audio sidebars delivered through the Free Web Edition that comes with every USING book. For the price of the book, you get online access anywhere with a web connectionno books to carry, content updated as Windows 7 changes, and the benefit of video and audio learning. Way more than just a book, this is all the help youll ever need where you want, when you want! * Learn fast, learn easy, using web, video, and audio * Show Me video walks through tasks youve just got to seeincluding bonus advanced techniques * Tell Me More audio delivers practical insights straight from the experts UNLOCK THE FREE WEB EDITIONTo register your USING book, visit quepublishing.com/using.
Elective Stenting of the Extracranial Carotid Arteries (1997)

In a high-risk group of patients, percutaneous carotid angioplasty and stenting are feasible and can be performed with low restenosis and repeat intervention rates.
Interplay between Transport, Magnetism and Structural Properties of Transition Metal Oxides under High Pressure (2005)

The effect of external pressure on the electronic, magnetic and structural properties of two novel types of transition metal oxides (RNiO_3 and (La,Sr)CoO_3) that allows one to investigate the influence of charge ordering, spin-state transition, magnetic ordering and structure on the electrical transport and in particular the mechanism of the metal insulator (MI) transition. The applied experimental methods were electrical resistance, x-ray diffraction, 151^Eu nuclear resonance scattering, magnetization, neutron diffraction and K_beta x-ray emission spectroscopy. The major part of this thesis was devoted to the high pressure investigation of the RNiO_3 series (R = Sm, Eu, Y and Lu), in which the temperature-induced MI transition (at a temperature T_MI) is connected with an orthorhombic-monoclinic structural phase transition and simultaneous charge ordering of the Ni^3+ ions. At temperatures lower than T_MI, all these compounds undergo antiferromagnetic ordering. In all investigated compounds we find a pressure-induced insulator metal (IM) transition for 5.4 &lt; p &lt; 6.2 GPa, which is in contrast to the temperature-induced MI transition, is not connected with a structural phase transition. The puzzle of the observation of the pressure-induced metallic state in a monoclinic symmetry, where a charge ordered state exists has been unraveled by performing high resolution neutron diffraction measurements on LuNiO_3 under high pressure. The analysis of the (Ni-O) bond length of the two Ni-sites (Ni1 and Ni2) in LuNiO_3 reveals that the bond lengths along the c-axis become nearly equal at 6 GPa which leads to a partial melting of the charge ordering that triggers the IM transition. The second part of this thesis describes the high pressure study on La_{1-x}Sr_xCoO_3 in which the Co^3+ ions exhibit the possibility to change their spin-state. The ground state of the undoped insulating system is the low-spin (LS, S = 0) configuration. For doped samples (x &gt; 0.2) the conductivity and ferromagnetic coupling are suggested to be related to the double exchange of LS Co^4+ and intermediate-spin (IS, S = 1) Co^3+ states. We have investigated the effect of pressure on the electronic, magnetic and structural properties on a single crystal sample of conducting, ferromagnetic La_{0.82}Sr_{0.18}CoO_3. Contrary to the results reported on related systems, we find a transition from the conducting to an insulating state and a reduction of the magnetic ordering temperature T_C with increasing pressure while the lattice structure remains unchanged. The investigation of the effect of pressure on the Co magnetic moment both by magnetization measurements and Co K_beta x-ray emission spectroscopy prove that the pressure-induced metal insulator transition is driven by a gradual change of the spin-state of Co^3+ ions from magnetic IS to nonmagnetic LS state.
Anti-metastatic effect of a non-anticoagulant low-molecular-weight heparin versus the standard low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin (2006)

Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) exhibit potent anticoagulant efficacy via their plasmatic effects on thrombin and factor Xa. These agents are also effective in releasing endothelial tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), the natural inhibitor of tissue factor, and exhibit significant anti-metastatic effects in experimental animal models. However, the potential for bleeding complications has slowed down the more widespread adoption of LMWH therapy in cancer patients. In this study, the effect of a non-anticoagulant form of LMWH (NA-LMWH) on experimental lung metastasis and tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation in vivo was compared to the LMWH enoxaparin. Using the B16 melanoma mouse model of metastasis, subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of NA-LMWH or enoxaparin (10 mg/kg), three hours before intravenous (i.v.) injection of metastatic melanoma cells, followed by daily doses for 14 days, reduced lung tumor formation by 70% (P < 0.001). I.v. injection of tumor cells resulted in a significant (50-62%, P < 0.01) fall in platelet counts. Pre-injection (i.v.) of enoxaparin completely abolished the tumor cell-induced thrombocytopenia, whereas NA-LMWH had no effect. Four hours after a single s.c. dose, enoxaparin but not NA-LMWH prolonged the clotting time three-fold and delayed the time to clot initiation more than 10-fold as measured by a Sonoclot analyzer and by thromboelastography, respectively. Enoxaparin but not NA-LMWH demonstrated a significant anticoagulant effect in mice. Both NA-LMWH and enoxaparin caused similar TFPI release from endothelial cells in vitro. These data provide evidence to support the potential of NA-LMWH as an anti-metastatic agent without any significant impact on coagulation.
Effect of Fatty Acids and Selected Drugs on the Albumin Binding of a Long-Acting, Acylated Insulin Analogue (1997)

NN304 (LysB29-tetradecanoyl, des(B30)-insulin) is a new soluble, long-acting insulin analogue that is tightly bound to human serum albumin differentiating it from human insulin. In the present study, we investigate the effect of fatty acids and selected drugs on the binding of NN304 to human serum albumin in vitro. Binding of the first fatty acid equivalent to albumin does not affect the binding of NN304. None of the tested drugs compete with the binding of NN304 at drug-to-albumin concentration ratios of < 1. The binding of NN304 is shown to be independent of binding of drugs in the two major binding pockets that are located in domains IIA and IIIA of the albumin molecule. Tolbutamide and glibenclamide do not compete with NN304 for binding to albumin at therapeutic drug-to-albumin concentration ratios. High concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid and ibuprofen decrease the affinity of NN304 for albumin, but these interactions occur at drug-to-albumin concentration ratios that are higher than clinically relevant. In conclusion, NN304 is unlikely to be involved in clinically significant drug interactions at the albumin binding level. The unique ligand binding properties of serum albumin and its abundance in the extracellular fluids makes fatty acid acylation and albumin binding an attractive protraction principle for insulin and potentially also for other peptide drugs.
Mutations in Rhizobium phaseoli that lead to arrested development of infection threads (1986)

Two Rhizobium phaseoli mutants, isolated previously by Tn5 mutagenesis, elicited infection threads which ceased development prematurely, usually within root hairs. These infection threads were wide, globular, and otherwise altered in morphology, compared with normal infection threads. Anatomy and division of the root cortical cells during initial stages of nodule morphogenesis appeared normal. However, later nodule differentiation deviated considerably from normal development, and release of bacteria from infection threads was not observed. In tryptone-yeast extract medium the mutants sedimented during growth in shaken cultures and formed rough colonies on agar. Electrophoresis of washed cultures solubilized in dodecyl sulfate revealed that the major carbohydrate band was absent from the mutants. The behavior of this carbohydrate in phenol-water extraction and gel chromatography, its apparent ketodeoxyoctonate content, and its susceptibility to mild acid hydrolysis suggested that it was a lipopolysaccharide. From the results of genetic crosses or reversion analysis, the defect in synthesizing this carbohydrate material and the defect in infection could be attributed to a single mutation in each mutant.
Quantitative, Competitive PCR Assay for HIV-1 Using a Microplate-Based Detection System (1998)

We have developed a quantitative competitive PCR (QC-PCR) assay in a microplate format for quantifying human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) DNA or RNA in a broad range of source materials. Our QC-PCR assay is a modification of technique originally described by Piatak et al. (1993), which is based on the presence of a competitive internal standard containing an internal 80-bp deletion of HIV-1 gag target sequence. For improved detection and quantification of the wild-type and internal-standard PCR products in a microplate format, we introduced a non-HIV, 31-bp insert into the internal standard as a probe hybridization site that does not cross-hybridize with wild-type HIV-1 products. By using a primer pair in which one primer is biotinylated, QC-PCRs can be bound to a streptavidin-coated microplate, denatured and probed with a digoxigenin (Dig)-labeled, wild-type or internal-standard probe. The hybridized Dig-labeled probes are detected with an anti-Dig antibody conjugated to detector molecules for luminometry (aequorin) or optical densitometry (peroxidase), yielding results that are quantifiable over the range of 100-10,000 copies of HIV gag. Tested source materials for HIV-1 DNA or RNA quantification include plasma, vaginal lavage and cultured cells. The application of the QC-PCR assay using the microplate format affords a convenient and cost-effective method for quantifying HIV-1 proviral and viral loads from a variety of body fluids, cells and tissues.
SB발파에서 무장약 균열 유도공의 파단면 제어 유효성에 관한 수치해석적 연구 (2011)

In this study, a control blast method, which utilizes crack guide holes, is suggested to achieve smooth fracture plane and minimize blast damage zone (BDZ) in smooth blasting. In order to verify the effectiveness of crack guide holes on the fracture plane control in blasting, fracture process analyses which consider regular smooth blasting and guide hole smooth blasting had been conducted and the fracture planes resulting from the analyses had been compared. The analyses models considered the ignition of the blast holes using detonation cords and each guide hole placed between blast holes. From the results, the smooth blasting utilizing guide holes showed lower fracture plane roughness than regular smooth blasting method in the hole spacing range between 20 to 40㎝.
Effects of interfacial oxide layers on the performance of silicon Schottky-barrier solar cells (1976)

Measurements have been made of the electrical and optical properties of Au–n-type silicon Schottky-barrier solar cells (SBSC) in which the metal and semiconductor are separated by a thin interfacial oxide layer ∼10–23 Å thick. Measurements of the V-I characteristics showed that the value of Voc is increased by up to 38% and the maximum conversion efficiency by as much as 35% when compared with cells having no grown oxide layer.