gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Implantable Intracardiac Accelerometer for Monitoring Myocardial Contractility (1996)

As the myocardium contracts isometrically, it generates vibrations that are transmitted throughout the heart. These vibrations can be measured with an implantable microaccelerometer located inside the tip of an otherwise conventional unipolar pacing lead. These vibrations are, in their audible component, responsible for the first heart sound. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in man, the clinical feasibility and reliability of intracavity sampling of Peak Endocardial Acceleration (PEA) of the first heart sound vibrations using an implantable tip mounted accelerometer. We used a unidirectional accelerometer located inside the stimulating tip of a standard unipolar pacing lead: the sensor has a frequency response of DC to 1 kHz and a sensitivity of 5 mV/G (G = 9.81 m/s-2). The lead was connected to an external signal amplifier with a frequency range of 0.05-1,000 Hz and to a peak-to-peak detector synchronized with the endocardial R wave scanning the isovolumetric contraction phase. Following standard electrophysiological studies, sensor equipped leads were temporarily inserted in the RV of 15 patients (68 +/- 15 years), with normal regional and global ventricular function, to record PEA at rest, during AAI pacing, during VVI pacing, and during dobutamine infusion (up to 20 micrograms/kg per min). PEA at baseline was 1.1 G +/- 0.5 (heart rate = 75 +/- 14 beats/min) and increased to 1.3 G +/- 0.9 (P = NS vs baseline) during AAI pacing (heart rate = 140 beats/min) and to 1.4 G +/- 0.5 (P = NS vs baseline) during VVI pacing (heart rate = 140 beats/min). Dobutamine infusion increased PEA to 3.7 G +/- 1.1 (P < 0.001 vs baseline), with a heart rate of 121 +/- 13 beats/min. In a subset of three patients, simultaneous hemodynamic RV monitoring was performed to obtain RV dP/dtmax, whose changes during dobutamine and pacing were linearly related to changes in PEA (r = 0.9; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the PEA recording can be consistently and safely obtained with an implantable device. Pharmacological inotropic stimulation, but not pacing induced chronotropic stimulation, increases PEA amplitude, in keeping with experimental studies, suggesting that PEA is an index of myocardial contractility. Acute variations in PEA are closely paralleled by changes in RV dP/dtmax, but are mainly determined by LV events. The clinical applicability of the method using RV endocardial leads and an implantable device offers potential for diagnostic applications in the long-term monitoring of myocardial function in man.
Color palette for screen content coding (2014)

With the prevalence of high speed Internet access, emerging video applications such as remote desktop sharing, virtual desktop infrastructure, and wireless display require high compression efficiency of screen contents. However, traditional intra and inter video coding tools were designed primarily for natural contents. Screen contents have significantly different characteristics compared with nature contents, e.g. sharp edges, less or no noise, which makes those traditional coding tools less sufficient. In this research, a new color palette based video coding tool is presented. Different from traditionally intra and inter prediction that mainly removes redundancy between different coding units, palette coding targets at the redundancy of repetitive pixel values/patterns within the coding unit. In the palette coding mode, a lookup table named palette which maps pixel values into table indices (also called palette indices) is signaled first. Then the mapped indice for a coding unit (which we call index block) are coded with a novel three-mode run-length entropy coding. Some encoder-side optimization for palette coding is also presented in detail in this paper. Simulation has been performed using the common screen content coding test condition defined by JCT-VC and the results show that palette coding can effectively improve screen content coding efficiency for both lossless and lossy scenarios.
Spiropyran‐Conjugated Pluronic as a Dual Responsive Colorimetric Detector (2012)

Novel spiropyran-conjugated Pluronic [polyethylene oxide (PEO)-b-polypropylene oxide (PPO)-b-polyethylene oxide (PEO)] micelles are developed as a new colorimetric detector showing photo- or thermo-switchable behavior. Facile conjugation of spiropyran to Pluronic was confirmed by (1)H NMR, UV-Vis, and Fluorescence spectroscopy. A switchable photoluminescence is found depending on the irradiation with either UV or visible light, and temperature resulting from structural isomerization of spiropyran between spiropyran (SP) and merocyanine (MC) form. Cytotoxicity of the spiropyran-conjugated Pluronic (SP-PL) was evaluated following an MTT assay, whereas photo responsiveness of spiropyran within the micelles was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Strained Si, SiGe, and Ge channels for high-mobility metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (2004)

This article reviews the history and current progress in high-mobility strained Si, SiGe, and Ge channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). We start by providing a chronological overview of important milestones and discoveries that have allowed heterostructures grown on Si substrates to transition from purely academic research in the 1980’s and 1990’s to the commercial development that is taking place today. We next provide a topical review of the various types of strain-engineered MOSFETs that can be integrated onto relaxed Si1−xGex, including surface-channel strained Si n- and p-MOSFETs, as well as double-heterostructure MOSFETs which combine a strained Si surface channel with a Ge-rich buried channel. In all cases, we will focus on the connections between layer structure, band structure, and MOS mobility characteristics. Although the surface and starting substrate are composed of pure Si, the use of strained Si still creates new challenges, and we shall also review the literature on short-channel device performance and process integration of strained Si. The review concludes with a global summary of the mobility enhancements available in the SiGe materials system and a discussion of implications for future technology generations.
The Production of Polyclonal Antibodies in Laboratory Animals (1999)

This is the report of the thirty-fifth of a series of workshops organised by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). ECVAM's main goal, as defined in 1993 by its Scientific Advisory Committee, is to promote the scientific and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods which are of importance to the biosciences and which reduce, refine or replace the use of laboratory animals. One of the first priorities set by ECVAM was the implementation of procedures which would enable it to become well informed about the state-of-the-art of non-animal test development and validation, and the potential for the possible incorporation of alternative tests into regulatory procedures. It was decided that this would be best achieved by the organisation of ECVAM workshops on specific topics, at which small groups of invited experts would review the current status of various types of in vitro tests and their potential uses, and make recommendations about the best ways forward (1). This joint ECVAM/FELASA (Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations) workshop on The Immunisation of Laboratory Animals for the Production of Polyclonal Antibodies was held in Utrecht (The Netherlands), on 20-22 March 1998, under the co-chairmanship of Coenraad Hendriksen (RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands) and Wim de Leeuw (Inspectorate for Health Protection, The Netherlands). The participants, all experts in the fields of immunology, laboratory animal science, or regulation, came from universities, industry and regulatory bodies. The aims of the workshop were: a) to discuss and evaluate current immunisation procedures for the production of polyclonal antibodies (including route of injection, animal species and adjuvant ); and b) to draft recommendations and guidelines to improve the immunisation procedures, with regard both to animal welfare and to the optimisation of immunisation protocols. This report summarises the outcome of the discussions and includes a number of recommendations and a set of draft guidelines (included in Appendix 1).
Activin B: Precursor Sequences, Genomic Structure andin VitroActivities (1989)

We report here the complete amino acid sequence of the human inhibin beta B-subunit as deduced from the sequence of cDNA and genomic clones. The primary translation product of the beta B mRNA predicts a protein of 407 amino acids, containing a prepro region of 292 amino acids separated by basic amino acids from the mature C-terminal 115 amino acids. Mammalian tissue culture cells transfected with a beta B-subunit expression plasmid secreted an activin B homodimer of approximately 22K mol wt. Coexpression of the beta A- and beta B-subunit mRNAs resulted in the secretion of the three forms of activin, A, AB, and B. Purified activin B was shown to elicit FSH release in an in vitro pituitary assay and trigger the accumulation of hemoglobin in K562 cells. The potency of activin B in both of these assays (ED50 approximately 2 ng/ml) was indistinguishable from that observed for activin A.
Production, characterization and pharmacokinetic properties of antibodies with N-linked Mannose-5 glycans (2012)

The effector functions of therapeutic antibodies are strongly affected by the specific glycans added to the Fc domain during post-translational processing. Antibodies bearing high levels of N-linked mannose-5 glycan (Man5) have been reported to exhibit enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) compared with antibodies with fucosylated complex or hybrid glycans. To better understand the relationship between antibodies with high levels of Man5 and their biological activity in vivo, we developed an approach to generate substantially homogeneous antibodies bearing the Man5 glycoform. A mannosidase inhibitor, kifunensine, was first incorporated in the cell culture process to generate antibodies with a distribution of high mannose glycoforms. Antibodies were then purified and treated with a mannosidase for trimming to Man5 in vitro. This 2-step approach can consistently generate antibodies with > 99% Man5 glycan. Antibodies bearing varying levels of Man5 were studied to compare ADCC and Fcγ receptor binding, and they showed enhanced ADCC activity and increased binding affinity to the FcγRIIIA. In addition, the clearance rate of antibodies bearing Man8/9 and Man5 glycans was determined in a pharmacokinetics study in mice. When compared with historical data, the antibodies bearing the high mannose glycoform exhibited faster clearance rate compared with antibodies bearing the fucosylated complex glycoform, while the pharmacokinetic properties of antibodies with Man8/9 and Man5 glycoforms appeared similar. In addition, we identified the presence of a mannosidase in mouse serum that converted most Man8/9 to Man6 after 24 h.
Recognition ligands on apoptotic cells: a perspective (2006)

The process of apoptosis includes critically important changes on the cell surface that lead to its recognition and removal. The recognition also generates a number of other local tissue responses including suppression of inflammation and immunity. It is surprising that the ligands generated on the apoptotic cell, which mediates these effects, have received relatively little attention. Some of these candidate molecules and possible mechanisms for their surface expression are addressed herein, with particular emphasis on phosphatidylserine and calreticulin. However, exposure of such ligands is exclusive to apoptosis and may, in fact, occur on viable cells. To partially explain the lack of response to such potential stimuli, the presence on viable cells of "don't eat me" signals, in this case, CD47 is suggested to prevent such unwarranted actions. Loss or inactivation of the don't eat me CD47 effects accompanies apoptosis and now allow the cells to be recognized and cleared.
Late acute thrombosis after paclitaxel eluting stent implantation (2001)

Late (more than six months) total occlusion after coronary stenting is a progressive phenomenon occurring in approximately 4% of patients, leading to acute myocardial infarction in less than 0.5%. The process must be related to severe and progressive intimal hyperplasia. In patients receiving coronary stenting with simultaneous brachytherapy, late total occlusion has been reported at a higher rate and to be related to stent thrombosis rather than intimal hyperplasia. Late total occlusion presenting with an acute clinical event seven months after the implantation of a paclitaxel drug eluting stent is reported. The occlusion developed soon after the interruption of ticlopidine treatment, suggesting that the event had a thrombotic genesis and that the risk is not confined to the first six month period.
FhuA (TonA), the Career of a Protein (2009)

The interest in the TonA protein, now called FhuA, has endured since the beginnings of phage genetics and molecular biology. The functions of this energy-coupled transporter and receptor in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli cells are fascinating. The historical perspective of this protein
Survey of Differentially Methylated Promoters in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines (2005)

DNA methylation and copy number in the genomes of three immortalized prostate epithelial and five cancer cell lines (LNCaP, PC3, PC3M, PC3M-Pro4, and PC3M-LN4) were compared using a microarray-based technique. Genomic DNA is cut with a methylation-sensitive enzyme HpaII, followed by linker ligation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, labeling, and hybridization to an array of promoter sequences. Only those parts of the genomic DNA that have unmethylated restriction sites within a few hundred base pairs generate PCR products detectable on an array. Of 2732 promoter sequences on a test array, 504 (18.5%) showed differential hybridization between immortalized prostate epithelial and cancer cell lines. Among candidate hypermethylated genes in cancer-derived lines, there were eight (CD44, CDKN1A, ESR1, PLAU, RARB, SFN, TNFRSF6, and TSPY) previously observed in prostate cancer and 13 previously known methylation targets in other cancers (ARHI, bcl-2, BRCA1, CDKN2C, GADD45A, MTAP, PGR, SLC26A4, SPARC, SYK, TJP2, UCHL1, and WIT-1). The majority of genes that appear to be both differentially methylated and differentially regulated between prostate epithelial and cancer cell lines are novel methylation targets, including PAK6, RAD50, TLX3, PIR51, MAP2K5, INSR, FBN1, and GG2-1, representing a rich new source of candidate genes used to study the role of DNA methylation in prostate tumors.
RF power potential of 45 nm CMOS technology (2010)

This paper presents the first measurements of the RF power performance of 45 nm CMOS devices with varying device widths and layouts. We find that 45 nm CMOS can deliver a peak output power density of around 140 mW/mm with a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 70% at 1.1 V. The PAE and P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> decrease with increasing device width because of a decrease in the maximum oscillation frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) for large width devices. The PAE also decreases with increasing frequency because of a decrease in gain as the operating frequency approaches f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> . The RF power performance of 45 nm devices is shown to be very similar to that of 65 nm devices.
Active-site-directed reductive alkylation of xanthine oxidase by imidazo[4,5-g]quinazoline-4,9-diones functionalized with a leaving group (1987)

A new class of purine antimetabolites, directed toward xanthine oxidase, was designed by employing some of the features found in the bioreductive alkylator mitomycin C. The design involved functionalizing the purine-like imidazo[4,5-g]quinazoline ring system as a quinone (4,9-dione) bearing a 2 alpha leaving group. Due to the presence of the electron-deficient quinone ring, the leaving group cannot participate in alkylation reactions. Reduction to the hydroquinone (4,9-dihydroxy) derivative, however, permits elimination of the leaving group to afford an alkylating quinone methide. In spite of the electronic differences, both quinone and hydroquinone derivatives of the imidazo[4,5-g]quinazoline system are able to enter the purine-utilizing active site of the enzyme. Thus, the hypoxanthine-like quinone derivative [2-(bromomethyl)-3-methylimidazo[4,5-g]quinazoline-4,8, 9(3H, 7H)-trione] and its hydroquinone derivative can act as reducing substrates for the enzyme, resulting in conversion to the xanthane-like 6-oxo derivatives. Hydrolysis studies described herein indicate that the hypoxanthine-like hydroquinone derivative eliminates HBr to afford an extended quinone methide species. The observed alkylation of the enzyme by this derivative may thus pertain to quinone methide generation and nucleophile trapping during enzymatic oxidation at the 6-position. Enzymatic studies indicate that the hypoxanthine-like quinone is an oxidizing suicide substrate for the enzyme. Thus, the reduced enzyme transfers electrons to this quinone, and the resulting hydroquinone inactivates the enzyme. As with mitomycin C, reduction and quinone methide formation are necessary for alkylation by the title quinone. This system is therefore an example of a purine active-site-directed reductive alkylator.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Broad-Spectrum Drugs Against Viral Agents (2008)

Development of antivirals has focused primarily on vaccines and on treatments for specific viral agents. Although effective, these approaches may be limited in situations where the etiologic agent is unknown or when the target virus has undergone mutation, recombination or reassortment. Augmentation of the innate immune response may be an effective alternative for disease amelioration. Nonspecific, broad-spectrum immune responses can be induced by double-stranded (ds)RNAs such as poly (ICLC), or oligonucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated deocycytidyl-deoxyguanosinyl (CpG) motifs. These may offer protection against various bacterial and viral pathogens regardless of their genetic makeup, zoonotic origin or drug resistance.
A List of Candidate Cancer Biomarkers for Targeted Proteomics (2006)

We have compiled from literature and other sources a list of 1261 proteins believed to be differentially expressed in human cancer. These proteins, only some of which have been detected in plasma to date, represent a population of candidate plasma biomarkers that could be useful in early cancer detection and monitoring given sufficiently sensitive specific assays. We have begun to prioritize these markers for future validation by frequency of literature citations, both total and as a function of time. The candidates include proteins involved in oncogenesis, angiogenesis, development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, hematopoiesis, immune and hormonal responses, cell signaling, nucleotide function, hydrolysis, cellular homing, cell cycle and structure, the acute phase response and hormonal control. Many have been detected in studies of tissue or nuclear components; nevertheless we hypothesize that most if not all should be present in plasma at some level. Of the 1261 candidates only 9 have been approved as “tumor associated antigens” by the FDA. We propose that systematic collection and large-scale validation of candidate biomarkers would fill the gap currently existing between basic research and clinical use of advanced diagnostics.
O19 Gene expression profiling in ERA show involvement of innate immune system (2011)

We present a climate modeling approach to reproduce the rainfall patterns over Iran due to the climatic forcings during the past 6000 years. The selected periods are simulated using a spatially high-resolved atmosphere General Circulation Model (GCM). Our results show that the winter rainfall patterns over Iran have changed due to the changes in solar insolation with a wetter condition starting around 3 ka BP and reaching its maximum during the Medieval Climate Anomaly ca. 1 ka BP. The rainfall variability can be explained by the changes in atmospheric conditions as a result of changing incoming solar irradiance based on the Milankovitch theory. A shift in the Earth's energy budget leads to the modulation of the West Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet (WASWJ). The investigations support the hypothesis that during the Holocene a northward shift in the WASWJ contributes to the less cyclonic activities over Iran. This brings less moisture into the region during the winter.
Plug flow cytometry extends analytical capabilities in cell adhesion and receptor pharmacology (2001)

By facilitating the coupling of flow cytometers to other fluidics-based analytical instruments, plug flow cytometry has extended analytical capabilities in cell adhesion and pharmacological characterization of receptor-ligand interactions.
Genes controlling pancreas ontogeny (2008)

The pancreas develops from two separate and independent endodermal primordia. The molecular events supporting the early morphological changes that give rise to the formation of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds result from coordinated responses to extrinsic and intrinsic signals. The extrinsic signals are involved in processes dictating whether progenitor cells remain as immature or as committed precursors. After specification, the sequential activation of transcription factors determines cell autonomously the commitment and differentiation of these progenitors. During pancreas development, the roles of extrinsic and intrinsic signals are variable, depending on the particular competence of each progenitor cell. We summarize in this review the main events, at the level of gene expression, which are involved in the early stages of pancreas development.
Multi–Detector Row CT of the Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins before Radio-frequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation (2003)

Radio-frequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of the distal pulmonary veins and posterior left atrium is increasingly being used to treat recurrent or refractory atrial fibrillation that resists pharmacologic therapy or cardioversion. Successful RFCA of atrial fibrillation requires resolution of abnormal rhythms while minimizing complications and can be achieved with precise, preprocedural, three-dimensional (3D) anatomic delineation of the target, the atriopulmonary venous junction. Three-dimensional multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) of the pulmonary veins and left atrium provides the necessary anatomic information for successful RFCA, including (a) the number, location, and angulation of pulmonary veins and their ostial branches unobscured by adjacent cardiac and vascular anatomy, and (b) left atrial volume. The 3D multi-detector row CT scanning and postprocessing techniques used for pre-RFCA planning are straightforward. Radiologists must not only understand these techniques but must also be familiar with atrial fibrillation and the technical considerations and complications associated with RFCA of this condition. In addition, radiologists must be familiar with anatomic variants of the left atrium and distal pulmonary veins and understand the importance of these variants to the referring cardiac interventional electrophysiologist.