gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Image Reconstruction with an Event Camera (2020)

Event cameras are powerful new sensors able to capture high dynamic range with microsecond temporal resolution and no motion blur. Their strength is detecting brightness changes (called events) rather than capturing direct brightness images; however, algorithms can be used to convert events into usable image representations for applications such as classification. Previous works rely on hand-crafted spatial and temporal smoothing techniques to reconstruct images from events. State-of-the-art video reconstruction has recently been achieved using neural networks that are large (10M parameters) and computationally expensive, requiring 30ms for a forward-pass at 640 × 480 resolution on a modern GPU. We propose a novel neural network architecture for video reconstruction from events that is smaller (38k vs. 10M parameters) and faster (10ms vs. 30ms) than state-of-the-art with minimal impact to performance.
Characterization of a new in vivo hollow fiber model for the study of progression of prostate cancer to androgen independence. (2002)

Research investigating the molecular events underlying progression of prostate cancer to androgen independence has been impeded by the lack of an appropriate in vivo model that yields "pure" populations of prostate cancer cells that are not contaminated with host cells. Here we characterize a new in vivo model that uses hollow fibers and allows for the retrieval of uncontaminated prostate cancer cells during various stages of endocrine progression to androgen independence in male immunocompromised mice. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene expression, proliferation of cells, and histology were examined in these mice before and after castration. LNCaP cells seeded at a density of 1 x 10(7) cells/ml, or a total of approximately 4.8 x 10(6) cells/animal, provided measurable serum PSA levels that increased in intact (noncastrated) animals, decreased by 80% to a nadir after castration, and subsequently increased by 4 weeks after castration, indicating progression to androgen independence. In vivo proliferation of LNCaP cells inside the fibers continued in the presence of androgens and continued to increase, albeit at a slower rate, in the castrated animals. Histology of cells cultivated in hollow fibers demonstrated that initially the cells grew along the wall of the fiber and tended to stack up, forming layers and scaffold structures resembling a solid tumor. Fibers removed from castrated animals with elevated levels of serum PSA contained spheroids of cells that had detached from the fiber wall. The development of the LNCaP hollow fiber model described here provides a reproducible means of obtaining "pure" populations of LNCaP cells during different stages of progression to androgen independence for molecular analysis requiring RNA and protein extracts free of host cell contamination.
Optimization of Xanthones for Antimalarial Activity: the 3,6-Bis-ω-Diethylaminoalkoxyxanthone Series (2002)

Hydroxyxanthones have been identified as novel antimalarial agents. The compounds are believed to exert their activity by complexation to heme and inhibition of hemozoin formation. Modification of the xanthone structure was pursued to improve their antimalarial activity. Attachment of R-groups bearing protonatable nitrogen atoms was conducted to enhance heme affinity through ionic interactions with the propionate side chains of the metalloporphyrin and to facilitate drug accumulation in the parasite food vacuole. A series of 3,6-bis-omega-diethylaminoalkoxyxanthones with side chains ranging from 2 to 8 carbon atoms were prepared and evaluated. Measurement of heme affinity for each of the derivatives revealed a strong correlation (R(2) = 0.97) between affinity and antimalarial potency. The two most active compounds in the series contained 5- and 6-carbon side chains and exhibited low nanomolar 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values against strains of chloroquine-susceptible and multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Both of these xanthones exhibit stronger heme affinity (8.26 x 10(5) and 9.02 x 10(5) M(-1), respectively) than either chloroquine or quinine under similar conditions and appear to complex heme in a unique manner.
Antagonistic and protective effects against Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by Lactobacillus murinus in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice (2003)

In the present study, production of antagonistic substances by Lactobacillus murinus against enteropathogenic bacteria was evaluated in vivo as well as a possible protective effect against an oral challenge with Salmonella Typhimurium using a gnotobiotic animal model. A higher mean survival time (P < 0.05) was observed in L. murinus-associated animals (7.89 ± 3.83 days) when compared with the control ones (4.44 ± 0.73 days). Lactobacillus murinus exerted a potent antagonistic effect in vivo against S. sonnei and to a lesser extent against S. Typhimurium as revealed by inhibitory halos around the feces of Lactobacillus-associated animals. Diameters of inhibitory halos around intestinal contents increased along the intestine tract, following proportionally the L. murinus population levels in the respective intestinal portions. Concluding, the present study showed that L. murinus association in gnotobiotic mice delayed the death after an oral challenge with S. Typhimurium and that inhibitory diffusible compounds obtained in in vitro assays were also produced in vivo and may be responsible for this effect.
Local restoration of dystrophin expression with the morpholino oligomer AVI-4658 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, proof-of-concept study (2009)

UK Department of Health.
The role of interface framework residues in determining antibody VH/VL interaction strength and antigen‐binding affinity (2006)

While many antibodies with strong antigen-binding affinity have stable variable regions with a strong antibody heavy chain variable region fragment (V(H))/antibody light chain variable region fragment (V(L)) interaction, the anti-lysozyme IgG HyHEL-10 has a fairly strong affinity, yet a very weak V(H)/V(L) interaction strength, in the absence of antigen. To investigate the possible relationship between antigen-binding affinity and V(H)/V(L) interaction strength, a novel phage display system that can switch two display modes was employed. We focused on the two framework region 2 regions of the HyHEL-10 V(H) and V(L), facing each other at the domain interface, and a combinatorial library was made in which each framework region 2 residue was mixed with that of D1.3, which has a far stronger V(H)/V(L) interaction. The phagemid library, encoding V(H) gene 7 and V(L) amber codon gene 9, was used to transform TG-1 (sup+), and the phages displaying functional variable regions were selected. The selected phages were then used to infect a nonsuppressing strain, and the culture supernatant containing V(H)-displaying phages and soluble V(L) fragment was used to evaluate the V(H)/V(L) interaction strength. The results clearly showed the existence of a key framework region 2 residue (H39) that strongly affects V(H)/V(L) interaction strength, and a marked positive correlation between the antigen-binding affinity and the V(H)/V(L) interaction, especially in the presence of a set of particular V(L) residues. The effect of the H39 mutation on the wild-type variable region was also confirmed by a SPR biosensor as a several-fold increase in antigen-binding affinity owing to an increased association rate, while a slight decrease was observed for the single-chain variable region.
Solidification of Liquid Metal Droplets Impacting Sequentially on a Solid Surface (1994)

In this paper, a combined theoretical and experimental study is reported on the process of solidification of two liquid metal droplets impacting sequentially one on top of the other on a cold substrate. The process of interest is directly related to the splat-quenching regime in the spray deposition of metal droplets. The theoretical part of the study is focused on the heat transfer aspects of the solidification process and the difference in the behavior of the solidification of the first and second droplet. The experimental part of the study aims at the characterization of the structure of solidified splats composed of one or two droplets. It is found that the solidification of the second droplet exhibits drastically slower cooling rates compared to the first droplet. As a result, the grain structure of the top of a two-droplet splat is considerably coarser than the structure of the top of a single droplet splat. The findings of the present study imply that in splat cooling severe limitations need to be imposed on the thickness of the resulting solid product (ribbon or coating, for example) to ensure rapid solidification and fine grain structure. In addition, it is shown that the temperature field in the substrate is two dimensional and radial conduction in the substrate should not be neglected in the modeling of the process.
Classement et choix en présence de points de vue multiples (1968)

L'accs aux archives de la revue Revue franaise d'automatique, d'informatique et de recherche oprationnelle. Recherche oprationnelle implique l'accord avec les conditions gnrales d'utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/ legal.php). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systmatique est constitutive d'une infraction pnale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la prsente mention de copyright.
Histone Deacetylases 5 and 9 Govern Responsiveness of the Heart to a Subset of Stress Signals and Play Redundant Roles in Heart Development (2004)

The adult heart responds to stress signals by hypertrophic growth, which is often accompanied by activation of a fetal cardiac gene program and eventual cardiac demise. We showed previously that histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) acts as a suppressor of cardiac hypertrophy and that mice lacking HDAC9 are sensitized to cardiac stress signals. Here we report that mice lacking HDAC5 display a similar cardiac phenotype and develop profoundly enlarged hearts in response to pressure overload resulting from aortic constriction or constitutive cardiac activation of calcineurin, a transducer of cardiac stress signals. In contrast, mice lacking either HDAC5 or HDAC9 show a hypertrophic response to chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation identical to that of wild-type littermates, suggesting that these HDACs modulate a specific subset of cardiac stress response pathways. We also show that compound mutant mice lacking both HDAC5 and HDAC9 show a propensity for lethal ventricular septal defects and thin-walled myocardium. These findings reveal central roles for HDACs 5 and 9 in the suppression of a subset of cardiac stress signals as well as redundant functions in the control of cardiac development.
The Road Ahead (with CD-ROM) (1996)

From the Publisher:
Bill Gates - whose vision of the personal computer propelled Microsoft into one of the world's leading companies - astonished the business community in 1996 by abruptly reinventing his entire company around the Internet. In this fully revised and updated edition of his bestseller, The Road Ahead, Gates explains why the Internet is revolutionizing not just Microsoft but everything else too - and at a faster pace than even he had anticipated. Gates describes the implications for everybody of a world connected by interactive computer networks, and addresses our most pressing questions.
Cupriavidus necator gen. nov., sp. nov.; a Nonobligate Bacterial Predator of Bacteria in Soil (1987)

A nonobligate, bacterial predator of bacteria in soil is described. It was previously designated as strain N-1. It is a gram-negative, aerobic, mesophilic, short rod that multiplies by binary fission. It is motile and has peritrichous flagella. It has simple nutritive requirements when not acting as a predator. Glucose is not utilized as a carbon source. Instead, it uses fructose or any of several amino acids. As a predator, it attacks both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including certain other nonobligate bacterial predators of bacteria in soil. It is highly resistant to copper, and its growth initiation is strongly stimulated by copper. Copper has no effect on the cellular multiplication that occurs after growth has initiated. A new genus, Cupriavidus, is proposed for this bacterium. The type species is Cupriavidus necator sp. nov., and strain N-1 (ATCC 43291) is the type strain of this species.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathways and the risk of cancers other than breast or ovarian. (2005)

Although mutations target breast and ovary, a broader spectrum of cancers also occur with statistically significant elevated frequencies. Risks for "all cancers except breast or ovary" are elevated, with some population subgroups differing with regard to how frequently elevated risks were found at individual sites. Additional sites at risk included stomach, pancreas, prostate, and colon. The increased risk ranged from about 20% to 60%, with the greatest increases in risk in stomach and pancreas. The collected data show BRCA-pathway functions are probably required at multiple sites, not just in breast or ovary. Known interactions and relationships among BRCA-related pathways strongly support the idea that their inactivation provides growth or survival advantages for a variety of cancers. The data suggest applying an increased level of clinical alertness to those with defects in BRCA-related pathways. Identifying molecules that confer growth or survival advantages to BRCA-related cancers may provide broadly useful targets for chemotherapy or chemoprevention.
Transcriptome study of differential expression in schizophrenia (2013)

Schizophrenia genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common SNPs, rare copy number variants (CNVs) and a large polygenic contribution to illness risk, but biological mechanisms remain unclear. Bioinformatic analyses of significantly associated genetic variants point to a large role for regulatory variants. To identify gene expression abnormalities in schizophrenia, we generated whole-genome gene expression profiles using microarrays on lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 413 cases and 446 controls. Regression analysis identified 95 transcripts differentially expressed by affection status at a genome-wide false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05, while simultaneously controlling for confounding effects. These transcripts represented 89 genes with functions such as neurotransmission, gene regulation, cell cycle progression, differentiation, apoptosis, microRNA (miRNA) processing and immunity. This functional diversity is consistent with schizophrenia's likely significant pathophysiological heterogeneity. The overall enrichment of immune-related genes among those differentially expressed by affection status is consistent with hypothesized immune contributions to schizophrenia risk. The observed differential expression of extended major histocompatibility complex (xMHC) region histones (HIST1H2BD, HIST1H2BC, HIST1H2BH, HIST1H2BG and HIST1H4K) converges with the genetic evidence from GWAS, which find the xMHC to be the most significant susceptibility locus. Among the differentially expressed immune-related genes, B3GNT2 is implicated in autoimmune disorders previously tied to schizophrenia risk (rheumatoid arthritis and Graves' disease), and DICER1 is pivotal in miRNA processing potentially linking to miRNA alterations in schizophrenia (e.g. MIR137, the second strongest GWAS finding). Our analysis provides novel candidate genes for further study to assess their potential contribution to schizophrenia.
Somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin mu heavy chain transgene. (1993)

We have analyzed somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain transgene. Hybridomas expressing the transgene were produced from immunized transgenic mice and transgene copies were sequenced to assay for mutation. In two IgM-producing hybridomas, as well as in several IgG-producing hybridomas, mutations were found in the VDJ region of the transgene. In the IgM-producing hybridomas, both mutated and unmutated transgene copies were present and expressed as mRNA. Several mutated transgene copies were present in a single cell and these showed different patterns of mutation. Two IgG-producing hybridomas isolated from a single animal also showed a hierarchical pattern of mutation indicating that transgene mutations can accumulate during B cell proliferation, similar to the mutational process for endogenous antibody genes. Among hybridomas that expressed both IgG and IgM molecules derived from the transgene, the isotype-switched gamma transgene copy exhibited a higher level of mutation than the mu transgene copies. Our results indicate that the 15-kb ARSmu transgene contains all the sequence information required to target the Ig-specific hypermutational machinery, and raise the possibility that sequences associated with the endogenous CH locus might enhance somatic mutation.
Comparison of tamoxifen and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction: a meta-analysis (2005)

Clomiphene citrate and tamoxifen are equally effective in inducing ovulation. Although data regarding pregnancy rates and outcome are limited, there does not appear to be a significant benefit of one medication over the other.
Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by iron nanoparticles (2005)

Groundwater remediation by nanoparticles has received increasing interest in recent years. This report presents a thorough evaluation of hexavalent chromium removal in aqueous solutions using iron (Fe(0)) nanoparticles. Cr(VI) is a major pollutant of groundwater. Zero-valent iron, an important natural reductant of Cr(VI), is an option in the remediation of contaminated sites, transforming Cr(VI) to essentially nontoxic Cr(III). At a dose of 0.4 g/L, 100% of Cr(VI) (20 mg/L) was degraded. The Cr(VI) removal efficiency decreased significantly with increasing initial pH. Different Fe(0) type was compared in the same conditions. The reactivity was in the order starch-stabilized Fe(0) nanoparticles>Fe(0) nanoparticles>Fe(0) powder>Fe(0) filings. Electrochemical analysis of the reaction process led to the conclusion that Cr(OH)(3) should be the final product of Cr(VI). Iron nanoparticles are good choice for the remediation of heavy metals in groundwater.
Detection of New Malicious Code Using N-grams Signatures. (2004)

Signature-based malicious code detection is the standard technique in all commercial anti-virus software. This method can detect a virus only after the virus has appeared and caused damage. Signature-based detection performs poorly when attempting to identify new viruses. Motivated by the standard signature-based technique for detecting viruses, and a recent successful text classification method, n-grams analysis, we explore the idea of automatically detecting new malicious code. We employ n-grams analysis to automatically generate signatures from malicious and benign software collections. The n-gramsbased signatures are capable of classifying unseen benign and malicious code. The datasets used are large compared to earlier applications of n-grams analysis.
HOXA10 controls proliferation, migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. (2015)

Although HOX genes are best known for acting in the regulation of important events during embryogenesis, including proliferation, differentiation and migration, alterations in their expression patterns have been frequently described in cancers. In previous studies we analyzed the expression profile of the members of the HOX family of homeobox genes in oral samples of normal mucosa and squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and identified differently expressed genes such as HOXA10. The present study aimed to validate the increased expression of HOXA10 in OSCCs, and to investigate the effects arising from its knockdown in OSCC cells. The levels of HOXA10 mRNA were determined in human OSCC samples and cell lines by quantitative PCR, and HOXA10-mediated effects on proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion were studied in HSC-3 tongue carcinoma cells by using retrovirus-mediated RNA interference. Higher expression of HOXA10 mRNA was observed in OSCC cell lines and in tumor tissues compared to normal controls. HOXA10 knockdown significantly reduced the proliferation of the tumor cells which was accompanied by increased levels of p21. HOXA10 silencing also significantly induced the expression of EMT markers and enhanced the adhesion, migration and invasion of HSC-3 cells. No effects on cell death were observed after HOXA10 knockdown. The results of the current study confirm the overexpression of HOXA10 in OSCCs, and further demonstrate that its expression is functionally associated with several important biological processes related to oral tumorigenesis, such as proliferation, migration and invasion.
Cryopreservation of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells without dimethyl sulfoxide. (2011)

Cryopreservation of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-derived MSCs) is crucial step for its clinical applications in cell transplantation therapy. In the cryopreservation of MSCs, dimethyl sulfoxide has been widely used as a cryoprotectant (CPA). However, it has been proved that DMSO has toxic side effects to human body. In this study, DMSO-free CPA solutions which contained ethylene glycol (EG), 1, 2-propylene glycol (PG) and sucrose as basic CPAs, supplemented with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an additive, were developed for the cryopreservation of UCB-derived MSCs. The cryopreservation of UCB-derived MSCs was achieved by vitrification via plunging into liquid nitrogen and by programmed freezing via an optical-DSC system respectively. The viability of thawed UCB-derived MSCs was tested by trypan blue exclusion assay. Results showed that the viability of thawed UCB-derived MSCs was enhanced from 71.2% to 95.4% in the presence of PVA for vitrification, but only < 10% to 45% of viability was found for programmed freezing. These results indicate that PVA exerts a beneficial effect on the cryopreservation of UCB-derived MSCs and suggest the vitrification in combination with the dimethyl sulfoxide free CPA solutions supplemented with PVA would be an efficient protocol for the cryopreservation of UCB-derived MSCs.