gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoiniferter-Mediated Polymerization of Zwitterionic Carboxybetaine Monomers for Low-Fouling and Functionalizable Surface Coatings (2011)

Surface-initiated photoiniferter-mediated polymerization (SI-PIMP) offers great promise for many applications primarily due to it lacking the requirement of a toxic catalyst as well as not being limited to specific types of monomers. In this work, zwitterionic carboxybetaine (pCB) polymer thin films with uniform and controlled thicknesses at high surface packing densities were achieved via SI-PIMP. It was found that the polymerization proceeded linearly with both UV-irradiation time and monomer concentration. Subsequent studies using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor showed pCB films to be ultralow fouling to undiluted human blood plasma. Antibody immobilization combined with excellent postfunctionalized protein resistance enabled the detection of an antigen down to 1 ng/mL from undiluted human plasma. These results demonstrate SI-PIMP as an attractive alternative to other commonly used polymerization techniques for zwitterionic monomers, such as atom transfer radical polymerization.
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Prevention of Nonvertebral Fractures (2001)

Our meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of HRT noted a statistically significant reduction in nonvertebral fractures. However, this effect may be attenuated in older women.
High cyclin B1 expression is associated with poor survival in breast cancer (2009)

Cyclin B1 regulates the G(2)-M transition of the cell cycle. Cyclin B1 expression is higher in premalignant and malignant than normal breast lesions. Correlation of cyclin B1 expression with other histopathological variables and prognostic role in breast cancer are not fully understood. Traditionally used prognostic criteria identify large subset of patients to receive adjuvant chemotherapy and to be exposed to adverse effects. A reliable and simple method helping prognostic evaluation in breast cancer is needed. We analysed cyclin B1 expression on 1348 invasive breast cancers and studied correlations with other histopathological variables and survival. High cyclin B1 correlated with high tumour grade, large tumour size and positive nodal status, oestrogen and progesterone receptor negativity, positive HER2 and p53 status, young age at diagnosis, and high cyclin E, cyclin A and Ki67 expression. Among patients not given adjuvant chemotherapy high cyclin B1 was a strong predictor of shorter overall and metastasis-free survival (RR 3.74, P<0.0005 and RR 3.51, P<0.0005, respectively), and remained as an independent prognostic factor also in multivariate analysis (RR 1.80, P=0.04 and RR 2.31, P=0.02, respectively). This study suggests high cyclin B1 associates with aggressive phenotype and is an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer.
Synthetic analgesics. Synthesis and pharmacology of the diastereoisomers of N-[3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide and N-[3-methyl-1-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic analgesics. Synthesis and pharmacology of the diastereoisomers of N-[3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide and N-[3-methyl-1-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamideWillem F. M. Van Bever, Carlos J. E. Niemegeers, and Paul A. J. JanssenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 10, 1047–1051Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00256a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00256a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1075Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In Vitro Matrigel Angiogenesis Assays (2003)

A variety of in vivo and in vitro methods have been used to study angiogenesis, the process of blood vessel formation. Two widely accepted but technically difficult assays include the cornea implant assay and the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. The cornea assay requires special equipment and a skilled person to implant beads containing the test compound in the eyes of animals; only a small number of samples can be tested due to cost and time. The chorioallantoic membrane assay requires a large number of samples on account of the variability of the system and its difficulty in quantitation. In our laboratory, we have developed a quick and highly reliable method for testing numerous compounds for angiogenic and/or antiangiogenic activity. The method is based on the differentiation of ECs on a basement membrane matrix, Matrigel, derived from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor (1). ECs from human umbilical cords as well as from other sources differentiate and form capillary-like structures on Matrigel in the presence of 10% bovine calf serum (BCS) and 0.1 mg/mL of endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS) (2), which is a mixture of both acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor (Fig. 1, Panel C). The formation of tube-like vessels under these conditions can be used to assess compounds that either inhibit or stimulate angiogenesis.
Corrosion resistance of NdFeB magnets coated by Al (1996)

Hot steam corrosion tests were performed on heat-treated Al coated NdFeB magnets. The results suggest that the corrosion process can be divided into different stages. Initially, Nd which diffuses across the Al coating from the Nd-rich grain boundaries of the magnet during annealing, reacts with the moisture forming either Nd oxide or hydroxide at the surface. Upon further corrosion, the brittle Al-Fe-Nd-O-B compounds are formed, and they appear as lumps of oxides or hydroxides of Nd and Fe on the coating layer. And finally, the whole coating is consumed due to corrosion, and the corrosion process proceeds into the magnet material forming mostly Fe oxide or hydroxides. Among various annealed coated magnets, the one which is heat treated at 500/spl deg/C for 10 mins has the highest corrosion resistance against the moist and salty environment.
Role of Ethanol Metabolism in Intravital Hepatic Mitochondrial Depolarization (2010)

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in alcoholic liver disease. This study investigated the relation between alcohol metabolism and mitochondrial depolarization in vivo . Mitochondrial polarization and cell death were assessed in living mice by intravital multiphoton microscopy of rhodamine 123 and propidium iodide, respectively. Intravital mitochondrial depolarization occurred as early as 1 h after acute ethanol treatment (6 g/kg, i.g. ). After 6 h, 94% hepatocytes contained depolarized mitochondria, but cell death was barely detectable. Similar intravital depolarization occurred in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)‐positive deer mice. By contrast in ADH‐negative deer mice, mitochondrial depolarization only occurred in 26% of hepatocytes. Ethanol‐induced mitochondrial depolarization was blunted by ~25% in livers of CYP2E1 deficient mice and after treatment of wildtype mice with a cytochrome P450 inhibitor aminobenzotriazole. Disulfiram, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, accelerated ethanol‐induced mitochondrial depolarization, and acetaldehyde infusion into the liver alone caused mitochondrial depolarization. Together, these data suggest that acetaldehyde formation mediates, at least in part, ethanol‐induced mitochondrial depolarization in vivo and that ethanol metabolism by ADH plays a larger role than CYP2E1 in producing this effect (NIAAA).
Computed optical interferometric tomography for high-speed volumetric cellular imaging (2014)

Three-dimensional high-resolution imaging methods are important for cellular-level research. Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) is a low-coherence-based interferometry technology for cellular imaging with both high axial and lateral resolution. Using a high-numerical-aperture objective, OCM normally has a shallow depth of field and requires scanning the focus through the entire region of interest to perform volumetric imaging. With a higher-numerical-aperture objective, the image quality of OCM is affected by and more sensitive to aberrations. Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (ISAM) and computational adaptive optics (CAO) are computed imaging techniques that overcome the depth-of-field limitation and the effect of optical aberrations in optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively. In this work we combine OCM with ISAM and CAO to achieve high-speed volumetric cellular imaging. Experimental imaging results of ex vivo human breast tissue, ex vivo mouse brain tissue, in vitro fibroblast cells in 3D scaffolds, and in vivo human skin demonstrate the significant potential of this technique for high-speed volumetric cellular imaging.
Increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders and health care-associated costs among patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. (2011)

The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is higher in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis than in controls. Annual health care costs are higher in psoriasis patients with psychiatric disorders than in those without psychiatric disorders.
Numerical modeling of the cornea’s lamellar structure and birefringence properties (1995)

A model of the cornea's lamellar structure is proposed that is capable of explaining experimental results obtained for the transmission of normal-incidence polarized light through rabbit and bovine cornea. The model consists of a large number of planar lamellae, each approximated as a uniaxial birefringent layer, stacked one upon another with various angular orientations. Polarized light transmission through the composite system is modeled theoretically by use of the Jones matrix formalism. The light transmission is calculated numerically for a large number of model lamellae arrangements, each generated from a statistical description, and histograms are constructed of various properties of the light transmission, including the minimum and maximum cross-polarized output intensities. It is demonstrated that various structural and optical parameters of the lamellae arrangements of actual corneas may be estimated by comparison of the calculations with detailed experimental data. Certain characteristics of the histograms are identified that permit a clear distinction between random and partially ordered systems. Comparisons with previously published experimental data provide strong evidence that the lamellae orientations are not entirely random, but rather a significant fraction are oriented in a fixed, preferred direction.
Regions of the retinoblastoma gene product required for its interaction with the E2F transcription factor are necessary for E2 promoter repression and pRb-mediated growth suppression. (1993)

Studies of naturally occurring mutations of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene have indicated that the E1A/T antigen-binding domain is important for pRb function. Mutations engineered within the C-terminal 135 amino acids of pRb also abrogate its growth-suppressive function during the G1 interval of the cell cycle. Both the pRb E1A/T antigen-binding domain and the C-terminal domain are required for interaction with the E2F transcription factor. A series of mutated pRb proteins has been used to define the C-terminal sequences which determine E2F binding, adenovirus E2 promoter inhibition, and negative growth control. Deletion of the C terminus to residue 870 allowed full pRb function, while further deletion to residue 841 inactivated pRb in each assay. Amino acid sequences immediately C-terminal to the E1A/T antigen-binding domain were absolutely required for pRb activity. Mutations which prevented pRb from interacting with E2F also eliminated pRb-mediated E2 promoter repression and inactivated the ability of pRb to suppress cell growth.
Applications of the Augmented van der Waals Theory of Fluids.: I. Pure Fluids (1977)

Abstract The relation for the compressibility of hard convex bodies (Boublik, 1975) is combined with the power series in ( u/k T ) and ( V°/V ) (Alder et al., 1972) to obtain the most general and accurate equation of state of fluids. 24 universal constants of the series were fitted to the internal energy and PVT data for argon. The equation also contains 5 characteristic constants that were fitted to the properties of 11 fluids to show its validity at all densities ranging from zero (second virial coefficients) to the liquid density at T/T c = 0.55 that corresponds to the triple point of argon. The interaction energy u/k appears to be equal to the critical temperature T c for small molecules but it becomes a function of the temperature for non‐spherical molecules, in agreement with the theory of non‐central forces.
Carbonyl-Trapping Therapeutic Strategies (1998)

Under conditions of oxidative stress, aldehyde or ketone products are generated nonenzymatically by lipid peroxidation or form spontaneously from simple sugars. Many aldehydes, in particular, are cytotoxic. They may react with primary amine groups to form Schiff bases, which may subsequently rearrange into more chemically stable structures. In biological systems, such reactions may disrupt normal oligonucleotide structure, may interfere with the biological activity of numerous structural or enzymatic polypeptides, and may covalently cross-link proteins and lipids (eg, phosphatidylethanolamine). Once thought to be largely epiphenomenal, such events are now known to be central to the etiologies of a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, and pathophysiologically related disorders. Opportunities exist for therapeutic intervention in these disease states by use of certain water-soluble, small-molecular-weight drugs that contain primary amine groups. Such pharmaceutical agents, administered orally, can form Schiff-base derivatives with toxic carbonyl substances and thus protect cellular components. Future studies of such carbonyl-trapping agents may include their use in combination with other classes of drugs, such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory products, or neuroactive agents. This conceptually simple approach may offer new opportunities for improved clinical management of many chronic disease states.
Ethylene Oligomerization and Propylene Dimerization Using Cationic (α-Diimine)nickel(II) Catalysts (1998)

Nickel-catalyzed ethylene oligomerization and propylene dimerization reactions are described. A series of aryl-substituted α-diimine ligands 1 (ArNC(R)C(R)NAr, R,R ≡ 1,8-naphth-diyl, Ar ≡ XC6H4, X = p-CF3 (a), p-H (b), p-Me (c), p-OMe (d), o-Me (e)) and their corresponding Ni(II) dibromide complexes 2 were prepared. Treatment of the Ni(II) dibromide complexes 2 with aluminum alkyl activators such as MAO (methylalumoxane), modified MAO (MMAO), or Et2AlCl in toluene generates active cationic catalysts in situ that oligomerize ethylene to a Schulz−Flory distribution of linear α-olefins. Reaction conditions can be adjusted that lead to selectivities as high as 96% for linear α-olefins. These catalysts are highly active, with ethylene turnover frequencies as high as 1.4 × 105 mol of C2H4/((mol of Ni)h) observed. Schulz−Flory α values range from 0.59 to 0.81 and are dependent on the reaction temperature, ethylene pressure, and nature of the aluminum cocatalyst. The active catalysts dimerize propylene, generating product mixtures that have roughly equal compositions of n-hexenes and 2-methylpentenes. 2,3-Dimethylbutenes are minor products, usually comprising less than 10% of the total product distribution. Propylene dimers and their associated isomerization products are the only reaction products observed under the standard reaction conditions used. Propylene turnover frequencies as high as 2 × 104 mol of C3H6/((mol of Ni)h) were observed. Control experiments indicate that terminal olefins are slowly isomerized to internal olefins under propylene dimerization reaction conditions but dimer production is fast relative to product isomerization. Higher olefins such as 1-butene and 4-methyl-1-pentene are dimerized very slowly by these catalysts.
ClanTox: a classifier of short animal toxins (2009)

Toxins are detected in sporadic species along the evolutionary tree of the animal kingdom. Venomous animals include scorpions, snakes, bees, wasps, frogs and numerous animals living in the sea such as the stonefish, snail, jellyfish, hydra and more. Interestingly, proteins that share a common scaffold with animal toxins also exist in non-venomous species. However, due to their short length and primary sequence diversity, these, toxin-like proteins remain undetected by classical search engines and genome annotation tools. We construct a toxin classification machine and web server called ClanTox (Classifier of Animal Toxins) that is based on the extraction of sequence-driven features from the primary protein sequence followed by the application of a classification system trained on known animal toxins. For a given input list of sequences, from venomous or non-venomous settings, the ClanTox system predicts whether each sequence is toxin-like. ClanTox provides a ranked list of positively predicted candidates according to statistical confidence. For each protein, additional information is presented including the presence of a signal peptide, the number of cysteine residues and the associated functional annotations. ClanTox is a discovery-prediction tool for a relatively overlooked niche of toxin-like cell modulators, many of which are therapeutic agent candidates. The ClanTox web server is freely accessible at http://www.clantox.cs.huji.ac.il.
Performance issues for the 88110 RISC microprocessor (2003)

The Motorola 88110 RISC (reduced instruction set computer) microprocessor is a second-generation, superscalar implementation of the 88000 architecture that is capable of achieving extremely high-performance for a broad class of general-purpose and scientific applications. In order to attain this performance, however, a balance is needed between hardware and software. With the development of optimizing compilers and accurate simulation tools for the 88110 it has been possible to begin tuning 88110 performance long before a system becomes available for software development and experimentation. The author describes the compilation and simulation environments developed for the 88110, and summarizes a number of key performance issues for the processor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tumor Exosomes Inhibit Differentiation of Bone Marrow Dendritic Cells (2007)

The production of exosomes by tumor cells has been implicated in tumor-associated immune suppression. In this study, we show that, in mice, exosomes produced by TS/A murine mammary tumor cells target CD11b(+) myeloid precursors in the bone marrow (BM) in vivo, and that this is associated with an accumulation of myeloid precursors in the spleen. Moreover, we demonstrate that TS/A exosomes block the differentiation of murine myeloid precursor cells into dendritic cells (DC) in vitro. Addition of tumor exosomes at day 0 led to a significant block of differentiation into DC, whereas addition at later time points was less effective. Similarly, exosomes produced by human breast tumor cells inhibited the differentiation of human monocytes in vitro. The levels of IL-6 and phosphorylated Stat3 were elevated 12 h after the tumor exosome stimulation of murine myeloid precursors, and tumor exosomes were less effective in inhibiting differentiation of BM cells isolated from IL-6 knockout mice. Addition of a rIL-6 to the IL-6 knockout BM cell culture restored the tumor exosome-mediated inhibition of DC differentiation. These data suggest that tumor exosome-mediated induction of IL-6 plays a role in blocking BM DC differentiation.
Scalable and Direct Growth of Graphene Micro Ribbons on Dielectric Substrates (2013)

Here we report on a scalable and direct growth of graphene micro ribbons on SiO(2) dielectric substrates using a low temperature chemical vapor deposition. Due to the fast annealing at low temperature and dewetting of Ni, continuous few-layer graphene micro ribbons grow directly on bare dielectric substrates through Ni assisted catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbon precursors. These high quality graphene micro ribbons exhibit low sheet resistance of ~700 Ω -2100 Ω, high on/off current ratio of ~3, and high carrier mobility of ~655 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) at room temperature, all of which have shown significant improvement over other lithography patterned CVD graphene micro ribbons. This direct approach can in principle form graphene ribbons of any arbitrary sizes and geometries. It allows for a feasible methodology towards better integration with semiconductor materials for interconnect electronics and scalable production for graphene based electronic and optoelectronic applications where the electrical gating is the key enabling factor.
ESPORTE E GLOBALIZAÇÃO (1997)

A globalização desperta a ilusão de que a humanidade poderia ganhar o mundo inteiro. Porém, facilmente percebe-se que só uma parte da humanidade dispõe desde privilégio e os danos que resultam, principalmente em relação a tudo que já existiu, serão muito maiores. Estruturas e conquistas democráticas serão provavelmente enfraquecidas ou até mesmo destruídas, assim como o indivíduo, desprotegido, fica à mercê do mercado. A adaptação ao processo de aproveitamento imposto pelo capitalismo terá, em conseqüência, uma conjuntura mais elevada. Naturalmente o campo dos esportes não cria uma exceção. A crença na funcionalização do corpo é praticada mundialmente e revestida com o brilho, com o glamour dos bens de consumo, pois só assim o artigo esporte pode ser oferecido com sucesso.