gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Computational Geometric Approach to Visual Hulls (1998)

Recognizing 3D objects from their 2D silhouettes is a popular topic in computer vision. Object reconstruction can be performed using the volume intersection approach. The visual hull of an object is the best approximation of an object that can be obtained by volume intersection. From the point of view of recognition from silhouettes, the visual hull can not be distinguished from the original object. In this paper, we present efficient algorithms for computing visual hulls. We start with the case of planar figures (polygons and curved objects) and base our approach on an efficient algorithm for computing the visibility graph of planar figures. We present and tackle many topics related to the query of visual hulls and to the recognition of objects equal to their visual hulls. We then move on to the 3-dimensional case and give a flavor of how it may be approached.
Sequence analysis of bovine adenovirus type 3 early region 3 and fibre protein genes (1992)

The DNA sequences of the early region 3 (E3) and fibre protein genes of bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAd3) have been determined and the amino acid sequences predicted to be encoded by their open reading frames (ORFs) compared to those of the fibre and E3 proteins from other Ads. One of the BAd3-E3 proteins contains a region homologous to the 14.7K E3 protein of human Ad5 (HAd5). The putative BAd3 fibre protein contains a number of regions homologous to the HAd2 fibre protein sequence, but is predicted to be 244 amino acids longer owing to an increase in the number of repeating structural motifs of hydrophobic amino acid residues in the shaft region. Sequences to the left of the BAd3-E3 gene region contained the 3' end of another ORF with extensive identity with the hexon-associated protein precursor (pVIII) of HAd2. Like mouse Ad1 and canine Ad1, the BAd3 E3 gene is approximately 1.5 kb, about half the size of the E3 region of HAd2 and HAd5.
Increasing Prevalence of Overweight Among US Adults (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine trends in overweight prevalence and body mass index of the US adult population. <h3>Design.</h3> —Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys with an in-person interview and a medical examination, including measurement of height and weight. <h3>Setting/Participants.</h3> —Between 6000 and 13000 adults aged 20 through 74 years examined in each of four separate national surveys during 1960 to 1962 (the first National Health Examination Survey [NHES I]), 1971 to 1974 (the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES I]), 1976 to 1980 (NHANESII), and 1988 to 1991 (NHANES III phase 1). <h3>Results.</h3> —In the period 1988 to 1991,33.4% of US adults 20 years of age or older were estimated to be overweight. Comparisons of the 1988 to 1991 overweight prevalence estimates with data from earlier surveys indicate dramatic increases in all race/sex groups. Overweight prevalence increased 8% between the 1976 to 1980 and 1988 to 1991 surveys. During this period, for adult men and women aged 20 through 74 years, mean body mass index increased from 25.3 to 26.3; mean body weight increased 3.6 kg. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These nationally representative data document a substantial increase in overweight among US adults and support the findings of other investigations that show notable increases in overweight during the past decade. These observations suggest that the Healthy People 2000 objective of reducing the prevalence of overweight US adults to no more than 20% may not be met by the year 2000. Understanding the reasons underlying the increase in the prevalence of overweight in the United States and elucidating the potential consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality present a challenge to our understanding of the etiology, treatment, and prevention of overweight. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:205-211)
High-Resolution Mapping of Scar-Related Atrial Arrhythmias Using Smaller Electrodes With Closer Interelectrode Spacing (2015)

Mapping with small closely spaced electrode catheters can improve mapping resolution within areas of low voltage.
Music Can Enhance Exercise-Induced Sympathetic Dominancy Assessed by Heart Rate Variability (2005)

Many studies have been conducted on physiological responses of music, yielding controversial results. In the present study, we examined whether music affects the exercise-induced changes in the autonomic nervous system activity in twelve healthy female college students. On the first day, the subjects were asked to rest, exercise, and then rest for 15 min, respectively. On the second day, they were asked to rest with music, exercise, and then rest with music for 15 min, respectively. Heart rate variability was measured for the pre- and post-exercise periods. Music was given according to subjects' preferences using a vibroacoustic apparatus (body sonic system), i.e. a chair on which subjects laid and felt low-pitch sounds by their body in addition to listening music. With music, ratio of low frequency to high frequency component of heart rate variability (LH/HF) was significantly increased after exercise as compared with before exercise (p < 0.01). By contrast, the changes in LH/HF were not significant without music (p > 0.05). It is suggested that after exercise in which sympathetic nerve activity is dominant, preferred music synchronizes with the activated physical response, further promoting the response and increasing sympathetic nerve activity. Combining music with exercise is therefore not only enjoyable in terms of mood but also may promote physiological excitation and enhance physical activation.
Natural antioxidants in Alzheimer's disease (2007)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by severe cognitive impairment that ultimately leads to death. Current drugs used in AD are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and antagonists to the NMDA receptors. These drugs may only slightly improve cognitive functions but have only very limited impact on the clinical course of the disease. In the past several years, based on in vitro and in vivo studies in laboratory animals, natural antioxidants, such as resveratrol, curcumin and acetyl-L-carnitine have been proposed as alternative therapeutic agents for AD. An increasing number of studies demonstrated the efficacy of primary antioxidants, such as polyphenols, or secondary antioxidants, such as acetylcarnitine, to reduce or to block neuronal death occurring in the pathophysiology of this disorder. These studies revealed that other mechanisms than the antioxidant activities could be involved in the neuroprotective effect of these compounds. This paper discusses the evidence for the role of acetylcarnitine in modulating redox-dependent mechanisms leading to the upregulation of vitagenes. Furthermore, future development of novel antioxidant drugs targeted to the mitochondria should result in effectively slowing disease progression. The association with new drug delivery systems may be desirable and useful for the therapeutic use of antioxidants in human neurodegenerative diseases.
Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing of Foot Orthoses (1989)

1Adjunct Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Director of UCLA Prosthetics Orthotics Education Program, 1000 Veteran avenue, Room 22-46, Rehabilitation Center, Los Angeles, California 90024 2Vice President, Orthopedic Division, American Digital Engineering, 1901 Avenue of the Stars #1774, Century City, California 90067; (213) 553-3555
Plasma resonance enhancement of Raman scattering by pyridine adsorbed on silver or gold sol particles of size comparable to the excitation wavelength (1979)

Intense Raman scattering by pyridine molecules adsorbed on silver or gold aqueous sol particles of dimensions comparable to the wavelength is reported. The degree of intensity enhancement is strongly dependent on the excitation wavelength, with a sharp resonance Raman maximum for excitation at the wavelength of the Mie extinction maximum of the metal particles, and for the silver sols the Raman maximum is shown to follow the extinction maximum to longer wavelengths with increase in particle size. A new resonance Raman phenomenon is thus proposed which is the Raman component of resonant Mie scattering, and in which the polarizability of the metal particles is modulated by the vibrations of the adsorbed molecules. These observations confirm that surface plasma oscillations are involved in the intense Raman scattering already reported for molecules adsorbed at roughened silver surfaces. The metal dielectric function requirements for resonant Mie scattering enable the optimum excitation wavelength for plasma resonance-enhanced Raman studies at the surface of other metals to be estimated.
Pathological interactions between hematopoietic stem cells and their niche revealed by mouse models of primary myelofibrosis (2009)

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) belongs to the Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms and is a hematological disorder caused by abnormal function of the hematopoietic stem cells. The disease manifests itself with a plethora of alterations, including anemia, splenomegaly and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Its hallmarks are progressive marrow fibrosis and atypical megakaryocytic hyperplasia, two distinctive features used to clinically monitor disease progression. In an attempt to investigate the role of abnormal megakaryocytopoiesis in the pathogenesis of PMF, several transgenic mouse models have been generated. These models are based either on mutations that interfere with the extrinsic (thrombopoietin and its receptor, MPL) and intrinsic (the GATA1 transcription factor) control of normal megakaryocytopoiesis, or on known genetic lesions associated with the human disease. Here we provide an up-to-date review on the insights into the pathobiology of human PMF achieved by studying these animal models, with particular emphasis on results obtained with Gata1(low) mice.
A Paramagnetic CEST Agent for Imaging Glucose by MRI (2003)

The europium(III) complex of a DOTA-tetraamide ligand (DOTA = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N' ',N' ''-tetraacetic acids) containing two phenyl boronate pendent arms binds glucose reversibly with an association constant of 383 M-1 at pH 7. Glucose binding results in slowing of water exchange between a single Eu(III)-bound water molecule and bulk water, and this can be imaged by MRI using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging sequence. This metabolite-responsive paramagnetic CEST agent responds to changes in glucose over the physiologically important range (0-20 mM), and thus it offers the possibility of high-sensitivity MR imaging glucose in tissues using bulk water protons as antenna.
Infrastructure-based location estimation in WLAN networks (2004)

This paper focuses on fundamental system deployment aspects of location estimation in 802.11-based wireless networks. We concentrate on adaptable infrastructure-based approaches, where sniffers measure received signal strength from clients to locate them. Our implementation experience and experimental results show that sniffer-based location estimation is feasible and works well provided some important rules are followed. By studying data over a 6-month period, we observe that adaptation of models is necessary for good location estimation, and we show that our techniques enable location estimation with minimal profiling. We also present an intriguing client-assisted approach for location estimation where a client, APs and sniffers collaborate to locate a terminal in enterprise (infrastructure-mode) wireless networks.
Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitors as Potent and Synergistic Immunosuppressants (2008)

The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family of enzymes is the target of many antibacterials and inhibitors of eukaryotic hyperproliferation. In screening analogues of 5'-O-(N-L-aminoacyl)-sulfamoyladenosine containing all 20 proteinogenic amino acids, we found these compounds to have potent immunosuppressive activity. Also, we found that combinations of these compounds inhibited the immune response synergistically. Based on these data, analogues with modifications at the aminoacyl and ribose moieties were designed and evaluated, and several of these showed high immunosuppressive potency, with one compound having an IC50 of 80 nM, when tested in a cellular mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. Apart from showing the potential of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors as immunosuppressants, the current study also provides arguments for careful evaluation of the immunosuppressive activity of developmental antibacterials that target these enzymes.
Transplantable human prostatic carcinoma (PC‐82) in athymic nude mice. III. Effects of estrogens on the growth of the tumor tissue (1988)

The transplantable human prostatic tumor model (PC-82) in nude mice was used to evaluate the indirect and possibly direct effects of estrogens on the growth of prostatic tumor tissue. High (pharmalogical) doses of plasma estradiol (E2) were achieved in tumor-bearing mice by using E2-containing Silastic implants of different lengths. In comparison with the situation in men, in mice much higher concentrations of circulating E2 (exceeding 3 nmol/liter) were necessary to attain (near)-castrate levels of plasma testosterone (T). Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with a high dose of E2 resulted in tumor growth arrest and a subsequent decline of the tumor volume, which equals the effects of castration. No evidence was found that either of the two doses of E2 applied had any additive inhibitory effect on tumor growth when compared to castration alone. It was inferred from these findings that in the PC-82 tumor model, estrogens, rather than having a direct effect on the tumor tissue, mainly act indirectly by their suppressive effect on T secretion in the host animal. A different and unexpected result was obtained in castrated tumor-bearing mice treated with a combination of E2 and T. With both doses of E2 this type of treatment led to a smaller increase of the tumor volume compared with mice receiving T only, the result of the high dose being statistically significant. This antagonistic effect of the two steroids on the PC-82 tissue was paradoxically associated with a sharp increase of nuclear androgen receptor levels and a higher concentration of dihydrotestosterone in the tumor tissue. Plasma and tissue concentrations of T appeared to be unaltered. The present study of the PC-82 prostate tumor shows that only by careful monitoring of plasma steroid levels in tumor-bearing mice can conclusions about the effectiveness of hormonal treatment regimens, such as estrogen therapy, be drawn.
The HTLV-1 Tax interactome (2008)

The Tax1 oncoprotein encoded by Human T-lymphotropic virus type I is a major determinant of viral persistence and pathogenesis. Tax1 affects a wide variety of cellular signalling pathways leading to transcriptional activation, proliferation and ultimately transformation. To carry out these functions, Tax1 interacts with and modulates activity of a number of cellular proteins. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge of the Tax1 interactome and propose a rationale for the broad range of cellular proteins identified so far.
Editorial: teachers’ attitudes and self‐efficacy beliefs with regard to inclusive education (2019)

peer reviewed
Understanding user gestures for manipulating 3D objects from touchscreen inputs (2012)

International audience
Toward a Clinical Understanding of Bipolar Disorders: Classification and Presentation (2005)

This review describes the clinical spectrum of bipolar disorder and its classification in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV and the International Classification of Diseases (IACD)-10. The development of new diagnostic trends and their clinical implications are discussed.
Endotoxin of Neisseria meningitidis Composed Only of Intact Lipid A: Inactivation of the Meningococcal 3-Deoxy- d -Manno-Octulosonic Acid Transferase (2002)

Lipopolysaccharide, lipooligosaccharide (LOS), or endotoxin is important in bacterial survival and the pathogenesis of gram-negative bacteria. A necessary step in endotoxin biosynthesis is 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) glycosylation of lipid A, catalyzed by the Kdo transferase KdtA (WaaA). In enteric gram-negative bacteria, this step is essential for survival. A nonpolar kdtA::aphA-3 mutation was created in Neisseria meningitidis via allelic exchange, and the mutant was viable. Detailed structural analysis demonstrated that the endotoxin of the kdtA::aphA-3 mutant was composed of fully acylated lipid A with variable phosphorylation but without Kdo glycosylation. In contrast to what happens in other gram-negative bacteria, tetra-acylated lipid IV(A) did not accumulate. The LOS structure of the kdtA::aphA-3 mutant was restored to the wild-type structure by complementation with kdtA from N. meningitidis or Escherichia coli. The expression of a fully acylated, unglycosylated lipid A indicates that lipid A biosynthesis in N. meningitidis can proceed without the addition of Kdo and that KdtA is not essential for survival of the meningococcus.
Microautoradiographic analysis of the normal organ distribution of radioiodinated single-chain Fv and other immunoglobulin forms. (1993)

In previous studies, we have compared the immunochemical properties, the in vivo pharmacokinetics, and the tumor penetrance of a radioiodinated single-chain Fv (sFv) in comparison with other immunoglobulin (Ig) forms (intact IgG, F(ab')2, and Fab') (Cancer Res., 51: 6363-6371, 1991). Biodistribution studies demonstrated a higher percent injected dose/g in the liver and spleen for the intact IgG and F(ab')2. Renal uptake was observed with the Fab' and F(ab')2, whereas the sFv demonstrated no specific localization in either of these organs. The 125I-labeled sFv also demonstrated a more even distribution throughout the tumor xenografts as compared to the other Ig forms (Cancer Res., 52: 3402-3408, 1992). Subsequent studies utilizing the sFv conjugated with a radiometal (177Lu) demonstrated that the sFv was being metabolized by the kidney, and a significantly higher percent injected dose/g was obtained with a 177Lu-labeled sFv as compared to a 125I-labeled sFv (Cancer Res., 52: 6413-6417, 1992). These previous studies indicated the potential utility of radioiodinated sFv and other Ig fragments for use in radioimmunoguided surgery with a hand-held probe, diagnostic imaging, and possibly therapy. The present study compares the distribution in normal tissues of the 4 Ig forms of monoclonal antibody (MAb) CC49, which is directed against a pancarcinoma antigen (tumor-associated glycoprotein-72). 125I-labeled sFv, Fab', F(ab')2, and IgG of MAb CC49 were administered to athymic mice either bearing or not bearing the tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 positive human colon carcinoma xenograft (LS-174T). At various intervals following the i.v. injection of the Ig forms, the liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs were removed for autoradiographic analyses. Dramatic differences were observed in the kidney; the IgG was found only in the renal vasculature, whereas the Fab', F(ab')2, and sFv showed a high density of grains in the cortical tubules. In the liver, the IgG and F(ab')2 were found in association with hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and in the sinusoids; the Fab' and sFv were primarily associated with the Kupffer cells. In the spleen, the Ig forms localized to the marginal zones surrounding the lymphoid follicles. No specific accumulation of grains for any of the Ig forms was observed in the lung. In each of the tissues, the clearance rates were related to the size of the Ig form. The localization in the liver and spleen was determined to be antigen-mediated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ultrasound‐Accelerated Synthesis of Chiral Allylic Alcohols Promoted by Indium Metal. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Small Molecule Glucokinase Activators as Glucose Lowering Agents: A New Paradigm for Diabetes Therapy (2006)

Glucokinase (GK) is a molecular sensor that regulates glucose induced insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells and glucose homeostasis in the liver via catalysis of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. The recent discovery and development of small molecule glucokinase activators represents a potentially important development for the management of type 2 diabetes. Since the discovery of the first orally active small molecule GK activator RO0281675, a number of research groups have reported the identification of potent activators. In this review, the biological significance of GK in whole body glucose homeostasis is briefly described coupled with the recent progress regarding the identification of novel small molecule GK activators.
Polymer microfluidic chips for electrochemical and biochemical analyses (2002)

Our recent developments concerning the fabrication of polymer microchips and their applications for biochemical analyses are reviewed. We first describe two methods of fabrication of polymer microfluidic chips, namely UV-laser photoablation and plasma etching that are well suited for the prototyping and mass fabrication of microchannel networks with integrated microelectrodes. These microanalytical systems can be coupled with various detection means including mass spectrometry, and their applications in capillary electrophoresis are presented here. We also present how UV laser photoablation can be used for the patterning of biomolecules on polymer surfaces for generating two-dimensional arrays of microspots to carry out affinity assays. Finally, the use of the microchips for the development of fast affinity and immunological assays with electrochemical detection is presented, demonstrating the potential of these polymer microchips for medical diagnostics and drug discovery.
Absorbing-state critical phenomena in interacting surface reaction models (2000)

Absorbing-state critical phenomena in various surface reaction models are briefly reviewed, focusing on their universal properties. The directed percolation universality class and the directed Ising universality class are identified, associated with absorbing-state phase transitions in these one-dimensional reaction models.
Exosite Determinants of Serpin Specificity (2009)

Serpins form an enormous superfamily of 40-60-kDa proteins found in almost all types of organisms, including humans. Most are one-use suicide substrate serine and cysteine proteinase inhibitors that have evolved to finely regulate complex proteolytic pathways, such as blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and inflammation. Despite distinct functions for each serpin, there is much redundancy in the primary specificity-determining residues. However, many serpins exploit additional exosites to generate the exquisite specificity that makes a given serpin effective only when certain other criteria, such as the presence of specific cofactors, are met. With a focus on human serpins, this minireview examines use of exosites by nine serpins in the initial complex-forming phase to modulate primary specificity in either binary serpin-proteinase complexes or ternary complexes that additionally employ a protein or other cofactor. A frequent theme is down-regulation of inhibitory activity unless the exosite(s) are engaged. In addition, the use of exosites by maspin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 to indirectly affect proteolytic processes is considered.