gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 2-GHz Highly Linear Efficient Dual-Mode BiCMOS Power Amplifier Using a Reconfigurable Matching Network (2012)

A highly linear, efficient, two-stage power amplifier for high-data-rate wireless applications is presented. The linearity is greatly improved by adding an auxiliary amplifier to the main bipolar transistor amplifier in a feed-forward approach to cancel out the nonlinearity terms. The efficiency enhancement is achieved using a switchable biasing and a reconfigurable output-matching network based on the available input power which is monitored by an on-chip envelope detector. The PA is fabricated using 0.25- μm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology and works at 2 GHz with a supply voltage of 2.5 V. The experimental results show a gain of 13 dB and a maximum output power of 23 dBm with a PAE of 38%. The 1-dB output power compression point is 21 dBm with a 32% PAE. The 6-dB power back-off PAE is 23%. The IM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and IM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> terms are 41 and 44 dB below the fundamental tone for the 21-dBm output power, respectively. The EVM has been measured to be -30.7 dB at 15-dBm average output power using IEEE 802.16e standard WiMAX 64QAM modulated signal. By employing the linearization technique, EVM and ACLR are improved by 4.5 and 5 dB, respectively, for a WiMAX 64QAM 10-MHz signal bandwidth at 14-dBm average output power.
Sequence-specific RNase H cleavage of gag mRNA from HIV-1 infected cells by an antisense oligonucleotide in vitro (1998)

We have used a ribonuclease protection assay to investigate RNase H cleavage of HIV-1 mRNA mediated by phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides complementary to the gag region of the HIV-1 genome in vitro. Cell lysate experiments in H9 and U937 cells chronically infected with HIV-1 IIIB showed RNase H cleavage of unspliced gag message but no cleavage of spliced message which did not contain the target gag region. RNase H cleavage products were detected at oligonucleotide concentrations as low as 0.01 microM and the RNase H activity was seen to be concentration dependent. Similar experiments with 1-, 3- and 5-mismatch oligonucleotides demonstrated sequence specificity at low concentrations, with cleavage of gag mRNA correlating with the predicted activities of the parent and mismatch oligonucleotides based on their hybridization melting temperatures. Experiments in living cells suggested that RNase H-specific antisense activity was largely determined by the amount of oligonucleotide taken up by the different cell lines studied. RNase H cleavage products were detected in antisense oligonucleotide treated MT-4 cells acutely infected with HIV-1 IIIB, but not in infected H9 cells treated with oligonucleotide under the same conditions. The data presented demonstrate potent and specific RNase H cleavage of HIV-1 mRNA mediated by an antisense oligonucleotide targeted to HIV-1 gag mRNA, and are in agreement with previous reports that the major obstacle to demonstrating antisense activity in living cells remains the lack of penetration of these agents into the desired cellular compartment.
Motion compensated lifting wavelet and its application in video coding (2001)

A motion compensated lifting (MCLIFT) framework is proposed for the 3D wavelet video coder. By using bi-directional motion compensation in each lifting step of the temporal direction, the video frames are effectively de-correlated. With proper entropy coding and bitstream packaging schemes, the MCLIFT wavelet video coder can be scalable in frame rate and quality level. Experimental results show that the MCLIFT video coder outperforms the 3D wavelet video coder with the same entropy coding scheme by an average of 1.1-1.6dB, and outperforms MPEG-4 coder by an average of 0.9-1.4dB.
Nucleotide Binding to the 43-Kilodalton N-Terminal Fragment of the DNA Gyrase B Protein (1995)

The binding of ADPNP (5'-adenylyl beta,gamma-imidodiphosphate) to the 43-kDa N-terminal fragment of the DNA gyrase B protein is found to stabilize a dimer of the protein. Analysis of the kinetics of binding of ADPNP to the fragment suggests that protein dimers can contain 1 or 2 molecules of bound nucleotide. ATP, ADP, or coumarin drugs inhibit the binding of ADPNP. The rate of dissociation of ADPNP from the 43-kDa protein is found to be very slow and unaffected by the presence of other nucleotides. These data can be accommodated by a scheme in which the 43-kDa monomer forms a short-lived complex with ADPNP that can be converted into long-lived dimer complexes containing either 1 or 2 molecules of bound ADPNP; dimer formation with 2 bound ADPNPs is strongly favored. Coumarin drugs inhibit the binding of ADPNP to the 43-kDa fragment, with novobiocin binding to the protein with a stoichiometry of 1:1 and coumermycin binding with a stoichiometry of 0.5:1.
Liver natural killer and natural killer T cells: immunobiology and emerging roles in liver diseases (2009)

Hepatic lymphocytes are enriched in NK and NKT cells that play important roles in antiviral and antitumor defenses and in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. In this review, we discuss the differential distribution of NK and NKT cells in mouse, rat, and human livers, the ultrastructural similarities and differences between liver NK and NKT cells, and the regulation of liver NK and NKT cells in a variety of murine liver injury models. We also summarize recent findings about the role of NK and NKT cells in liver injury, fibrosis, and repair. In general, NK and NKT cells accelerate liver injury by producing proinflammatory cytokines and killing hepatocytes. NK cells inhibit liver fibrosis via killing early-activated and senescent-activated stellate cells and producing IFN-gamma. In regulating liver fibrosis, NKT cells appear to be less important than NK cells as a result of hepatic NKT cell tolerance. NK cells inhibit liver regeneration by producing IFN-gamma and killing hepatocytes; however, the role of NK cells on the proliferation of liver progenitor cells and the role of NKT cells in liver regeneration have been controversial. The emerging roles of NK/NKT cells in chronic human liver disease will also be discussed.Understanding the role of NK and NKT cells in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease may help us design better therapies to treat patients with this disease.
Estimation of human core temperature from sequential heart rate observations (2013)

Core temperature (CT) in combination with heart rate (HR) can be a good indicator of impending heat exhaustion for occupations involving exposure to heat, heavy workloads, and wearing protective clothing. However, continuously measuring CT in an ambulatory environment is difficult. To address this problem we developed a model to estimate the time course of CT using a series of HR measurements as a leading indicator using a Kalman filter. The model was trained using data from 17 volunteers engaged in a 24 h military field exercise (air temperatures 24-36 °C, and 42%-97% relative humidity and CTs ranging from 36.0-40.0 °C). Validation data from laboratory and field studies (N = 83) encompassing various combinations of temperature, hydration, clothing, and acclimation state were examined using the Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LoA) method. We found our model had an overall bias of -0.03 ± 0.32 °C and that 95% of all CT estimates fall within ±0.63 °C (>52 000 total observations). While the model for estimating CT is not a replacement for direct measurement of CT (literature comparisons of esophageal and rectal methods average LoAs of ±0.58 °C) our results suggest it is accurate enough to provide practical indication of thermal work strain for use in the work place.
Open labeled, uncontrolled pharmacokinetic study of a single intramuscular hCG dose in healthy male volunteers. (2009)

The current study was designed to compare blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetic characteristics of two forms of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG): Pregnyl(R), derived from human urine, and Ovitrelle(R) a recombinant form. Two separate groups, each with six older male human subjects, were dosed with either form of the drug at 10,000 IU intramuscularly (IM), and followed over a 36-hour period. No significant difference in the serum level of hCG was observed for either preparation of hCG (Peak serum conc.: 316 +/- 53 vs. 270 +/- 60 at 12 hours, 311 +/- 38 vs. 321 +/- 60 IU/l at 24 hours; AUC: 10,053 +/- 1,268 vs. 8,793 +/- 1,768, Pregnyl and Ovitrelle, mean +/- SD, respectively). Additionally, both forms of circulating hCG distributed to the central nervous system (CNS) as manifest by an increased number of subjects whose CSF samples showed detectable levels of hCG in their CSF over a 36-hour period. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the two forms when distribution to the CSF was compared at 36 hours (2.0 and 1.2 IU/l; range 1.9 - 2.1 and 1 - 1.4 IU/l for Pregnyl and Ovitrelle, resp.). This preliminary study in normal human volunteers suggests that the two forms of hCG tested, Ovitrelle(R) and Pregnyl(R), when administered IM, distribute in a similar fashion into the circulation and CSF. Consequently, we conclude that these two drugs demonstrate no statistical significant difference with respect to the CSF.
Mastering Microsoft Exchange 2000 Server (1996)

With this comprehensive guide, youll find out how to effectively install, configure, and manage Microsofts powerful messaging and collaboration server, Exchange Server 2007. From reducing the amount of spam your company receives to ensuring you have the right disaster recovery strategy, authors Barry Gerber and Jim McBee share their extensive real-world experience as they walk you step-by-step through each process. Youll learn the essential techniques for planning and design, deployment, administration, maintenance, and troubleshooting.
Genome‐wide identification of Epstein‐Barr virus–driven promoter methylation profiles of human genes in gastric cancer cells (2012)

EBV infection in AGS cells induced aberrant CpG hypermethylation of 886 genes involving in important cancer-related pathways. Induction of promoter methylation by EBV is regulated by up-regulation of DNMT3b through LMP2A.
Helicobacter pylori porCDABandoorDABCGenes Encode Distinct Pyruvate:Flavodoxin and 2-Oxoglutarate:Acceptor Oxidoreductases Which Mediate Electron Transport to NADP (1998)

Helicobacter pylori, a major cause of human gastric disease, is a microaerophilic bacterium that contains neither pyruvate nor 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity. Previous studies (N. J. Hughes, P. A. Chalk, C. L. Clayton, and D. J. Kelly, J. Bacteriol. 177:3953-3959, 1995) have indicated that the major routes for the generation of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and succinyl-CoA are via pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase (POR) and 2-oxoglutarate:acceptor oxidoreductase (OOR), respectively. The purified POR is a heterotetrameric protein, with subunits of 48 (PorA), 36 (PorB), 24 (PorC), and 14 (PorD) kDa. In this study OOR has been purified, and it is similarly composed of polypeptides of 43 (OorA), 33 (OorB), 24 (OorC), and 10 (OorD) kDa. Both POR and OOR are oxygen labile and are likely to be major contributors to the microaerophilic phenotype of H. pylori. Unlike POR, OOR was unable to use a previously identified flavodoxin (FldA) as an electron acceptor. Although the purified enzymes were unable to reduce NAD(P), electrons from both pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate could reduce NADP in cell extracts, consistent with a role for these oxidoreductases in the provision of NADPH as a respiratory electron donor. The H. pylori por, oor, and fldA genes were cloned and sequenced. The deduced por gene products showed significant sequence similarity to archaeal four-subunit 2-oxoacid:acceptor oxidoreductases. However, the amino acid sequences of OorA and -B were more closely related to that of the two-subunit POR of the aerobic halophile Halobacterium halobium. Both porD and oorD encode integral ferredoxin-like subunits. POR and OOR are probably essential enzymes in H. pylori, as insertion inactivation of porB and oorA appeared to be lethal.
A MOUSE MODEL FOR THE PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN ISOTYPES (1994)

Antibodies against T cells are widely used as immunosuppressive agents in clinical therapy. As effector functions of chimeric or humanized anti-T cell antibodies cannot be predicted in vitro, we compared T cell-depleting effects of human isotypes in vivo with their immunosuppressive consequences in a mouse BMT model. This system is based on chimeric antibodies with a mouse pan T cell specificity and human constant regions. To secure optimal immunosuppression, the specificity for Thy-1.2--one of the best-characterized T cell antigens--was selected, as Thy-1.2-specific antibodies prevent graft-versus-host disease in fully mismatched mice. Chimeric mouse anti-Thy-1.2 antibody with the human IgG1 Fc part was found to be equally effective in preventing graft-versus-host disease mortality as the highly protective anti-Thy-1.2 mouse IgG2a isotype, while human IgG3 was far less effective. This was not predictable by measuring the degree of T cell depletion in peripheral blood. T cell depletion in lymph nodes, however, exactly reflected the results obtained in the BMT system. In addition, this system offers the advantage of assessing the influence of reduced antigen density by using heterozygous Thy-1.2 mice.
Impact of Substrate Glycoside Linkage and Elemental Sulfur on Bioenergetics of and Hydrogen Production by the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (2007)

Glycoside linkage (cellobiose versus maltose) dramatically influenced bioenergetics to different extents and by different mechanisms in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus when it was grown in continuous culture at a dilution rate of 0.45 h(-1) at 90 degrees C. In the absence of S(0), cellobiose-grown cells generated twice as much protein and had 50%-higher specific H(2) generation rates than maltose-grown cultures. Addition of S(0) to maltose-grown cultures boosted cell protein production fourfold and shifted gas production completely from H(2) to H(2)S. In contrast, the presence of S(0) in cellobiose-grown cells caused only a 1.3-fold increase in protein production and an incomplete shift from H(2) to H(2)S production, with 2.5 times more H(2) than H(2)S formed. Transcriptional response analysis revealed that many genes and operons known to be involved in alpha- or beta-glucan uptake and processing were up-regulated in an S(0)-independent manner. Most differentially transcribed open reading frames (ORFs) responding to S(0) in cellobiose-grown cells also responded to S(0) in maltose-grown cells; these ORFs included ORFs encoding a membrane-bound oxidoreductase complex (MBX) and two hypothetical proteins (PF2025 and PF2026). However, additional genes (242 genes; 108 genes were up-regulated and 134 genes were down-regulated) were differentially transcribed when S(0) was present in the medium of maltose-grown cells, indicating that there were different cellular responses to the two sugars. These results indicate that carbohydrate characteristics (e.g., glycoside linkage) have a major impact on S(0) metabolism and hydrogen production in P. furiosus. Furthermore, such issues need to be considered in designing and implementing metabolic strategies for production of biofuel by fermentative anaerobes.
Homochiral α-d- and β-d-Isoxazolidinylthymidines via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition (1999)

The introduction of chiral auxiliaries at the C- or N-atom in starting nitrones has been investigated as a stereoselective synthetic route to heterocyclic nucleoside analogues. The carbohydrate auxiliary at nitrogen atom gave the best results, thus allowing an easy and enantioselective synthesis of isoxazolidinyl thymine 26.
Individualized Systems Medicine Strategy to Tailor Treatments for Patients with Chemorefractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2013)

Here, we demonstrate an ISM strategy to optimize safe and effective personalized cancer therapies for individual patients as well as to understand and predict disease evolution and the next line of therapy. This approach could facilitate systematic drug repositioning of approved targeted drugs as well as help to prioritize and de-risk emerging drugs for clinical testing.
Utilization of the Plant Hormone Indole-3-Acetic Acid for Growth by Pseudomonas putida Strain 1290 (2005)

We have isolated from plant surfaces several bacteria with the ability to catabolize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). One of them, isolate 1290, was able to utilize IAA as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. The strain was identified by its 16S rRNA sequence as Pseudomonas putida. Activity of the enzyme catechol 1,2-dioxygenase was induced during growth on IAA, suggesting that catechol is an intermediate of the IAA catabolic pathway. This was in agreement with the observation that the oxygen uptake by IAA-grown P. putida 1290 cells was elevated in response to the addition of catechol. The inability of a catR mutant of P. putida 1290 to grow at the expense of IAA also suggests a central role for catechol as an intermediate in IAA metabolism. Besides being able to destroy IAA, strain 1290 was also capable of producing IAA in media supplemented with tryptophan. In root elongation assays, P. putida strain 1290 completely abolished the inhibitory effect of exogenous IAA on the elongation of radish roots. In fact, coinoculation of roots with P. putida 1290 and 1 mM concentration of IAA had a positive effect on root development. In coinoculation experiments on radish roots, strain 1290 was only partially able to alleviate the inhibitory effect of bacteria that in culture overproduce IAA. Our findings imply a biological role for strain 1290 as a sink or recycler of IAA in its association with plants and plant-associated bacteria.
Ambulatory Recording of Sleep Apnea Using Peripheral Arterial Tonometry (2005)

Sleep related breathing disorders are common. A reliable diagnosis with relatively simple and portable methods is still needed. One approach is to make use of autonomous nervous system changes which accompany disordered breathing during sleep. The peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) determines the peripheral arterial vascular tone using a plethysmographic method on the finger. The peripheral arterial tone is modulated by sympathetic activity, by peripheral blood pressure, and by the peripheral resistance of the vessels. We investigate a new ambulatory recording device which uses PAT, oximetry and actigraphy in order to detect sleep apnea. For this purpose we performed a comparative study on 21 patients referred to our sleep laboratory due to suspected sleep apnea. Of these 17 valid recordings were compared. The Watch-PAT was used in parallel with cardiorespiratory polysomnography and the validity was determined. The new system is able to detect apneas and hypopneas with a high reliability (r=0.89). It is very sensitive to arousals (r=0.77). Since arousal are not specific to sleep apnea the specificity of the new system could not be finally clarified in this study. We conclude that the new system is very well suited to perform control studies in patients with sleep apnea which are under therapy and require regular follow-up investigations to maintain a high CPAP compliance.
Long-term expression of a T-cell receptor beta-chain gene in mice reconstituted with retrovirus-infected hematopoietic stem cells. (1990)

To determine the feasibility of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into stem cells for studying T-cell development, we constructed a high-titer retrovirus vector containing the neomycin phosphotransferase (neo) gene and a murine T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain gene with the V beta 6 variable segment. The TCR gene was placed under the control of the human beta-actin promoter and enhancer. Bone marrow cells pretreated with 5-fluorouracil were infected by coculturing with psi-2 virus-producing cells in the presence of recombinant interleukins 1, 2, 4, and 6 as well as interleukin 3 from WEHI-3 conditioned medium. The infected cells were transplanted into irradiated mice, and expression of the exogenous V beta 6 gene was examined with a V beta 6-specific monoclonal antibody, RNase protection, and polymerase chain reaction amplification. Three of seven mice expressed the retroviral TCR gene on the surface of a significant proportion of mature T cells 5-6 months after transplantation. In mice analyzed less than 1 month after transplantation, up to 30% of mature T cells expressed V beta 6 TCRs, an increase of at least 20% above the level of endogenous V beta 6 expression. DNA analysis revealed that pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells were infected by the retroviral vector in a long-term reconstituted mouse that showed increased V beta 6 expression.
RTP Payload Format for the Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB+) Audio Codec (2006)

This document specifies a Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) payload format for Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB+) encoded audio signals.The AMR-WB+ codec is an audio extension of the AMR-WB speech codec.It encompasses the AMR-WB frame types and a number of new frame types designed to support high-quality music and speech.A media type registration for AMR-WB+ is included in this specification.
Significance of the Number of Embryonic Cells and the State of the Zona Pellucida for Hatching of Mouse Blastocysts In Vitro Versus In Vivo (2000)

We investigated the course of mouse blastocyst hatching in vitro after experimental modulation of the hatching process by growth hormone or by laser treatment and compared it to embryos grown in vivo. When embryos were grown in vitro, successful hatching was dependent on blastocyst expansion and was based on a minimum number of embryonic cells. Embryos grown in the presence of growth hormone were more advanced in their development and hatched earlier. When an artificial opening was laser-drilled into the zona pellucida, hatching occurred at lower numbers of embryonic cells. In vivo, escape from the zona pellucida occurred earlier and independent of blastocyst expansion. However, when we isolated in vivo-grown blastocysts with intact zonae that had developed in vivo and then cultured them in vitro, blastocysts started to expand and hatched the following day when a sufficiently high number of embryonic cells was present. Our data show that successful hatching in vitro is dependent on a sufficiently high number of embryonic cells, which enables blastocyst expansion and zona shedding. In vivo, the lower number of embryonic cells detected in zona-free blastocysts indicates that the underlying mechanism of zona escape is different, does not depend on blastocyst expansion, and presumably involves lytic factors from the uterus.
Permanent engraftment and function of hepatocytes delivered to the liver: Implications for gene therapy and Liver Repopulation (1991)

To examine the distribution of intrasplenically transplanted hepatocytes, we used HBsAg-producing G7 HBV transgenic hepatocytes or cells labeled with 111In. Most hepatocytes translocated to the liver (55% +/- 7%; mean +/- S.D.); the spleen retained a smaller fraction (15% +/- 3%); and some transplanted cells localized in lungs (3%) or pancreas (1%). Transplanted hepatocytes were rapidly assimilated into the liver lobule. Morphometrical quantitation indicated that the numbers of transplanted hepatocytes in the liver at 48 hr and at 9 mo after transplantation were similar. Serum HBsAg was detected in recipients of the G7 HBV hepatocytes during the 1-yr experiment. These results indicate that a large number of hepatocytes can be reproducibly delivered to the liver by transplantation into the spleen. Transplanted hepatocytes engraft rapidly, assimilate into host liver, maintain normal function and survive permanently. Systems for safe delivery and localization of hepatocytes in the liver represent a critical step toward successfully accomplishing hepatocyte-directed gene therapy and repopulation of the acutely devastated liver.