gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two families of GTPases dominate the complex cellular response to IFN-gamma. (1998)

IFN-gamma induces a number of cellular programs functional in innate and adaptive resistance to infectious pathogens. It has recently become clear that the complete cellular response to IFN-gamma is extraordinarily complex, with >500 genes (i.e., approximately 0.5% of the genome) activated. We made suppression-subtractive hybridization differential libraries from IFN-gamma-stimulated primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts and from a mouse macrophage cell line, ANA-1, in each case with reference to unstimulated cells. Of approximately 250 clones sequenced at random from the two libraries, >35% were representatives of one or the other of two small unrelated families of GTPases, the 65-kDa and 47-kDa families. These families dominate the IFN-gamma-induced response in both cell types. We report here the full-length sequences of one new 65-kDa and two new 47-kDa family members. The 65-kDa family members are under transcriptional control of IRF-1, whereas the 47-kDa family members are inducible in embryonic fibroblasts from IRF-1(-/-) mice. Members of both GTPase families are strongly up-regulated in livers of wild-type mice infected with the pathogenic bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes, but not in IFN-gammaR(0/0) mice. These GTPases appear to be dedicated to the IFN-gamma response, since resting levels are negligible and since neither family shows any significant relationship to any other described family of GTPases. Understanding the role of these GTPases in IFN-gamma-mediated resistance against pathogens is the task for the future.
Immunological hurdles to lung gene therapy (2003)

Gene delivery has the potential to offer effective treatment to patients with life-threatening lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and lung cancer. Phase I/II clinical trials have shown that, in principle, gene transfer to the lung is feasible and safe. However, gene expression from both viral and non-viral gene delivery systems has been inefficient. In addition to extra- and intracellular barriers, the host innate and acquired immune system represents a major barrier to successful gene transfer to the lung. Results from studies in experimental animals and clinical trials have shown that inflammatory, antibody and T cell responses can limit transgene expression duration and readministration of the gene transfer vector. We will review here how the development of pharmacological and/or immunological agents can modulate the host immune system and the limitations of these strategies. A better understanding of the immunological barriers which exist in the lung might allow for a more sustained expression of the transgene and importantly help overcome the problem of readministration of viral vectors.
A FAST TRACK TO GREEN GASOLINE (2008)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTA FAST TRACK TO GREEN GASOLINEBIOFUELS: Catalytic pyrolysis turns cellulose into fuel components in just one stepSTEVE RITTERCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2008, 86, 16, 10Publication Date (Print):April 21, 2008Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 21 April 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v086n016.p010https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v086n016.p010newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Biomass conversion,Pyrolysis Get e-Alerts
Stable luminescent iridium(iii) complexes with bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands: photo-stability, excited state properties, visible-light-driven radical cyclization and CO2 reduction, and cellular imaging (2016)

A new class of cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes supported by various bidentate C-deprotonated (C^N) and <i>cis</i>-chelating bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) (bis-NHC) ligands has been synthesized. These complexes display strong emission in deaerated solutions at room temperature with photoluminescence quantum yields up to 89% and emission lifetimes up to 96 μs. A photo-stable complex containing C-deprotonated fluorenyl-substituted C^N shows no significant decomposition even upon irradiation for over 120 h by blue LEDs (12 W). These, together with the strong absorption in the visible region and rich photo-redox properties, allow the bis-NHC Ir(iii) complexes to act as good photo-catalysts for reductive C-C bond formation from C(sp<sup>3</sup>/sp<sup>2</sup>)-Br bonds cleavage using visible-light irradiation (<i>λ</i> > 440 nm). A water-soluble complex with a glucose-functionalized bis-NHC ligand catalysed a visible-light-driven radical cyclization for the synthesis of pyrrolidine in aqueous media. Also, the bis-NHC Ir(iii) complex in combination with a cobalt catalyst can catalyse the visible-light-driven CO<sub>2</sub> reduction with excellent turnover numbers (>2400) and selectivity (CO over H<sub>2</sub> in gas phase: >95%). Additionally, this series of bis-NHC Ir(iii) complexes are found to localize in and stain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of various cell lines with high selectivity, and exhibit high cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, revealing their potential uses as bioimaging and/or anti-cancer agents.
alpha-Interferon and interleukin-2 in renal cell carcinoma: studies in nonhospitalized patients. (1991)

We have studied the safety, tolerance, and clinical effects of the combined administration of subcutaneous recombinant human interleukin-2 and alpha-interferon in 34 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who had undergone tumor nephrectomy. Treatment courses consisted of a 2-day interleukin-2 pulse (14.4 to 18.0 million IU/m2/d), followed by 3.6 to 4.8 million IU/m2/d, 5 days per week, over 6 consecutive weeks, and alpha-interferon at 3.0 to 6.0 million U/m2, administered 2 to 3 times weekly for 6 weeks. Patients received more than 90% of the projected dose of interleukin-2 and alpha-interferon, respectively. Of 34 patients with metastatic progressive renal cell carcinoma in this study, four had complete response and six had greater than 50% reduction in tumor size (ie, partial response). There were, in addition, 13 patients with stable disease. So far, all complete responses have been durable, with a median duration of 23+ months. Clinical responses were associated with a mean peripheral blood eosinophil count of more than 1,000/microliters (P less than .05). The predominant toxicities included fever, chills, nausea, anorexia, and hypotension, and were limited to World Health Organization grades 1 and 2 in more than 80% of patients treated. No treatment-related deaths occurred. This combination of subcutaneously administered recombinant interleukin-2 and alpha-interferon has significantly reduced the side effects normally observed with high-dose intravenous recombinant interleukin-2. It can induce objective tumor regressions in patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Unlike the intravenous schedules developed by Rosenberg and West, which require admission to hospital, all the patients in this study were treated in an outpatient setting.
Conjugal transfer of bacterial chromosomes mediated by the RK2 plasmid transfer origin cloned into transposon Tn5 (1984)

We report here a novel system for the conjugal transfer of bacterial chromosomes which utilizes the transfer origin (oriT) of plasmid RK2 cloned into transposon Tn5. Tn5 with oriT was inserted by transposition into the chromosomes of Escherichia coli and Rhizobium meliloti. The oriT sequence then served as the origin of high-frequency chromosome transfer when a helper RK2 plasmid was present in the same cell. The broad host range features of RK2 make this system of oriented chromosome mobilization applicable to most gram-negative bacteria.
“Inverted” polymer light‐Emitting diodes on cylindrical metal substrates* (1995)

A cylindrical polymer‐based light‐emitting diode is reported. An aluminum rod is used simultaneously as a substrate and as the electron‐injecting electrode, and a soluble derivative of poly‐ p ‐phenylenevinylene, and polyaniline are used as the electroluminescent layer and the hole‐injecting electrode respectively. The materials are dip‐coated directly from solution simplifying the production process. It is thought that the optimization of the materials used in this novel structure will lead to performance enhancement.
Treatment Possibilities for Retinitis Pigmentosa (2010)

A study involving mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa examines one of four possible approaches to its treatment in humans.
Interpolation and decimation of digital signals—A tutorial review (1981)

The concepts of digital signal processing are playing an increasingly important role in the area of multirate signal processing, i.e. signal processing algorithms that involve more than one sampling rate. In this paper we present a tutorial overview of multirate digital signal processing as applied to systems for decimation and interpolation. We first discuss a theoretical model for such systems (based on the sampling theorem) and then show how various structures can be derived to provide efficient implementations of these systems. Design techniques for the linear-time-invariant components of these systems (the digital filter) are discussed, and finally the ideas behind multistage implementations for increased efficiency are presented.
Photocrosslinking of the signal sequence of nascent preprolactin to the 54-kilodalton polypeptide of the signal recognition particle. (1986)

Photoreactive moieties were incorporated into nascent polypeptides in a wheat germ protein-synthesizing system by using a plasmid-derived preprolactin mRNA and a Lys-tRNA analog, N epsilon-(5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyl)-Lys-tRNA (epsilon ANB-Lys-tRNA). The presence of the abnormally large amino acid side chains in the nascent chains did not impair function: complete preprolactin chains were synthesized in the absence of the signal recognition particle (SRP), elongation was arrested in the presence of SRP, and SRP-dependent translocation across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and signal peptidase cleavage were observed in the presence of salt-extracted microsomes. Photolysis of elongation-arrested ribosomes resulted in several light- and epsilon ANB-Lys-tRNA-dependent crosslinks. By using antibodies specific for each of the proteins, one covalent complex was shown to be a photocrosslink between the preprolactin nascent chain and the 54-kDa protein subunit of SRP. This demonstrates that the N-terminal end of a secretory protein is located adjacent to the SRP in elongation-arrested ribosomes and strongly suggests that the signal sequence is recognized by and binds to the 54-kDa subunit of SRP. The other photocrosslinks involve as-yet-unidentified proteins in the large ribosomal subunit, indicating that this method of incorporating probes provides a powerful approach to examining the environment and interactions of the nascent chain during translation and translocation across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. The Lys-tRNA analog also successfully photoaffinity-labeled the Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) in the epsilon ANB-Lys-tRNA.EF-Tu.GTP ternary complex.
Therapie der rezidivierenden benignen Aphthosis mit Fumarsäureestern (2005)

Die rezidivierende benigne Aphthosis (RBA) bildet zusammen mit der malignen Aphthose (Morbus Behc et) die Gruppe der nicht-infektisen Aphthen. Die RBA stellt mit einer Prvalenz von 10 20 % die hufigste ulzerierende Mundschleimhauterkrankung dar [35]. Das weibliche Geschlecht und Angehrige hherer soziokonomischer Schichten sind hufiger betroffen [28], Raucher seltener oder mit milderem Verlauf [3, 6]. Die Erstmanifestation liegt zwischen dem 10.
The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record (2000)

This document describes a Domain Name System (DNS) resource record which specifies a regular expression based rewrite rule that, when applied to an existing string, will produce a new domain label or Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). Depending on the value of the flags field of the resource record, the resulting domain label or URI may be used in subsequent queries for the Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) resource records (to delegate the name lookup) or as the output of the entire process for which this system is used (a resolution server for URI resolution, a service URI for ENUM style e.164 number to URI mapping, etc).
Identification of small molecule compounds that inhibit the HIF-1 signaling pathway (2009)

The use of beta-lactamase reporter gene assays, in combination with qHTS, enabled the rapid identification and prioritization of inhibitors specific to the hypoxia induced signaling pathway.
Cytokine Secretion by Multiple Sclerosis Monocytes (1992)

Autoantigen recognition by specific T cells may initiate a tissue-specific immune response in multiple sclerosis (MS), which is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder. During subsequent nonspecific immune amplification, interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha are released by cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, with the potential to influence profoundly immune regulation systemically or within the central nervous system. Regulation of monocyte inflammatory gene expression may be relevant to the pathogenesis of MS. We investigated spontaneous secretion of interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and prostaglandin E2 with the use of monocytes that we isolated from patients with active (n = 9) and stable (n = 9) MS and from age-matched normal controls (n = 9). The patient groups with MS were matched for age, duration of MS, and disease severity. Patients with active disease were within weeks of the onset of a clinical exacerbation. Monocytes were isolated by density gradient centrifugation, followed by adherence to plastic tissue culture flasks, resulting in a highly purified adherent monocyte preparation. Monocytes from patients with active disease spontaneously secreted less tumor necrosis factor alpha and less prostaglandin E2 compared with that in patients with stable MS, while interleukin 1 beta levels were below the level of assay sensitivity. Levels of interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha increased to similar levels in response to lipopolysaccharide (0.1 mg/L), indicating that altered cell viability could not account for the observed differences. In response to lipopolysaccharide, prostaglandin E2 levels increased more significantly in patients with stable than active MS, suggesting differential sensitivity to stimuli of arachidonic acid metabolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of Biotin Treatment on Hepatic Gene Expression in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (2008)

Biotin functions as a coenzyme for four carboxylases involved in energy metabolism in mammals. Besides these classical functions, biotin has novel functions in the cellular processes via the modulation of gene expression. In this study, we examined the alteration of gene expression by biotin administration in the liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In comparison with the control, the mRNA levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase were significantly reduced and glucokinase mRNA was increased 3 h after the administration of biotin or insulin. The expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha, one of the transcription factors responsible for gluconeogenic gene expression, was decreased by biotin at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, forkhead box O1 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c mRNA expression that was enhanced by the insulin treatment was inversely decreased by biotin. These results indicate that biotin repressed the gluconeogenic genes and their transcription factors via a pathway independent of insulin-signaling and could improve the diabetic condition.
Pasteurella haemolytica A1 and Bovine Respiratory Disease: Pathogenesis (1992)

The severe fibrinonecrotic pneumonia associated with pneumonic pasteurellosis usually results from colonization of the lower respiratory tract by Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A, serotype 1(A1). Despite recent research efforts, the authors lack a detailed understanding of the interactions and host response to P. haemolytica in the respiratory tract. The authors hypothesize that management and environmental stress factors or viral infection alters the upper respiratory tract (URT) epithelium allowing P. haemolytica to colonize the epithelium. Once the URT is colonized, large numbers of organisms enter the lung where they interact with alveolar macrophages. Endotoxin, released from the bacteria, crosses the alveolar wall where it activates pulmonary intravascular macrophages, endothelium, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, complement, and Hageman factor leading to complex interactions of cells and mediators. It is the progression of this inflammatory response with neutrophil influx that is ultimately responsible for the pulmonary injury. Leukotoxin is a major virulence factor of P. haemolytica that allows it to survive by destroying phagocytic cells. At subcytolytic concentrations it may also enhance the inflammatory response by activating cells to produce mediators and release reactive oxygen metabolites and proteases.
Adult and neonatal patterns of human globin gene expression are recapitulated in liquid cultures. (1992)

We have recently described a two-step liquid culture system that supports the proliferation and maturation of human erythroid progenitors. Several days after the addition of erythropoietin, the cultures undergo erythroid differentiation in a synchronized fashion. The purpose of the present study was to determine detailed kinetics of globin gene expression at the mRNA level in adult and newborn erythroid cells. Our results show that in cultures derived from normal adult peripheral blood, the mRNA levels of alpha- and beta-globin genes increased throughout most of the culture period, whereas gamma-globin mRNA remained at a low level. In contrast, high expression of all three globin genes, alpha, beta, and gamma, was observed in cultures derived from cord blood. The results demonstrate that the populations of erythroid progenitors in cord blood and in adult peripheral blood are fundamentally different, suggesting that this culture system recapitulates the normal pattern of globin gene expression, providing a valuable tool in the investigation of the regulation of the switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin.
Identification of Hsp90 as a Stimulatory Host Factor Involved in Influenza Virus RNA Synthesis (2002)

Efficient transcription and replication of the influenza virus genome are dependent upon host-derived factors. Using an in vitro RNA synthesis system, we have purified and identified Hsp90 as one of the host factors that stimulate viral RNA polymerase activity. Hsp90 interacted with the PB2 subunit of the viral RNA polymerase through the amino-terminal chaperone domain and the middle region containing a highly acidic domain. The acidic middle region was also responsible for its stimulatory activity. We found that a portion of Hsp90 is re-localized to the cell nucleus after viral infection. A PB2 fragment containing a Hsp90 binding domain inhibited viral gene expression in a dominant-negative manner. These results suggest that Hsp90 is a host factor for the influenza virus RNA polymerase.
Formation of Alkanethiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers on Oxidized Gold Surfaces (1999)

The formation of self-assembled alkanethiolate monolayers (SAMs) on oxidized gold was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurements, and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Gold was oxidized by exposure to atomic oxygen in a vacuum. SAMs were prepared by two methods: (a) by immersion of the oxidized substrate into ethanolic solution and (b) via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). After both procedures two sulfur species could be distinguished by XPS, a gold thiolate and a species related to the reaction of the thiol with oxidized gold. Oxygen was found encapsulated under the self-assembled monolayer. The monolayers adsorbed from ethanolic solution were more densely packed and exhibited a smaller molecular tilt than the layers formed by CVD or SAMs prepared on clean gold surfaces.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Patient Controlled Analgesia Versus Continuous Infusion of Morphine during Vaso-Occlusive Crisis in Sickle Cell Disease. (2006)

Abstract Intravenous morphine is the treatment of choice for severe pain during vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease (SCD). However, side-effects of morphine may hamper effective treatment and high plasma levels of morphine are associated with severe complications such as acute chest syndrome. Furthermore, adequate dosing remains a problem since no objective measurement of pain severity exists and analgesia should be titrated upon the patient’s reported pain. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) may therefore be an interesting alternative since patients can titrate the level of analgesia themselves. Although PCA is currently used for the treatment of vaso-occlusive crises in SCD, no randomized controlled trials have been performed in admitted patients with a vaso-occlusive crisis so far. In the present study, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the administration of morphine with PCA versus CI in sickle cell patients with vaso-occlusive crises. Patients were randomized between PCA and CI of morphine within 24 hours after hospital admission. Endpoints of the study were: the mean and cumulative morphine dose, pain intensity, incidence of side-effects (nausea, constipation, pruritus and drowsiness) and quality of life (QoL). Pain intensity was measured daily using a ten-point-scale verbal pain score. Reduction of pain intensity was measured by subtracting a pain score on a ten point visual analogue scale (VAS) before randomization from the same measurement two days after randomization. Side-effects were measured four times per day on a 11-point numerical rating scale. QoL was measured using the 36-item Short Form Healthy Survey (SF36). Twenty five consecutive episodes of vaso-occlusive crisis in 19 patients with SCD were included in the study. No difference in the mean daily pain scores were found between the two groups (4.9 versus 5.3). However, patients in the PCA-group demonstrated to have a strongly reduced mean and cumulative morphine consumption as compared to the patients in the CI-group (0.5 mg/h versus 2.4 mg/h (P&lt;0.001) and 33 mg versus 260 mg (P=0.018) respectively). The lower mean and cumulative morphine consumption in the PCA-group led to significant less nausea and constipation during treatment as compared to the CI-group (area under the curve respectively 11 versus 18 (P= 0.045) and 30 versus 45 (P= 0.021)). Furthermore, a non-significant reduction in the duration of hospital admission of 3 days was observed in the PCA-group. Patient controlled analgesia results in adequate pain relief at a much lower morphine consumption and should considered to be first choice in morphine administration to sickle cell patients admitted with vaso-occlusive crisis. Figure. Mean morphine dose per patient Figure. Mean morphine dose per patient