gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Psychopharmacology of topiramate: from epilepsy to bipolar disorder (2006)

Topiramate (TPM) is one of the novel antiepileptic drugs and exhibits a wide range of mechanisms of action. Efficacy of TPM has been demonstrated in partial-onset seizures and primary generalized seizures in adults and children, as both monotherapy and adjunctive therapy. More recently, TPM has been proposed as an add-on treatment for patients with lithium-resistant bipolar disorder, especially those displaying rapid-cycling and mixed states. This paper reviews the multiple mechanisms of action and the tolerability profile of TPM in the light of its therapeutic potential in affective disorders. Studies of TPM in bipolar disorder are evaluated, and the efficacy and tolerability issues as a mood stabilizing agent are discussed.
c-myc Is a Downstream Target of the Smad Pathway (2002)

c-Myc is one of the most potent regulators of cell cycle progression in higher eukaryotes. Down-regulation of c-Myc is a critical event for growth inhibition induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and is frequently impaired in cancer cells. We determined a Smad-responsive element in the c-myc promoter. This element is a complex of the TGF-beta1 inhibitory element (TIE) originally identified in the transin/stromelysin promoter and an E2F site responsible for transcriptional activation of the c-myc promoter. Smad3 and E2F-4 directly bound to the element (TIE/E2F), and substitution of two nucleotides in TIE/E2F impaired binding of both Smad3 and E2F-4 as well as serum-induced activation and TGF-beta-induced suppression of the c-myc promoter activity. Smads bound TIE/E2F within 1 h after stimulation with TGF-beta, before the suppression of c-myc transcription, whereas binding of p130 to TIE/E2F became augmented later than 12 h. TGF-beta signaling did not compete with E2F-4 for binding to TIE/E2F, but reduced p300 co-immunoprecipitating with E2F-4. Therefore, TGF-beta signaling may suppress c-myc promoter activity by dissociating p300 from E2F-4.
Thick-film Technology: An Introduction to the Materials (1980)

The use of thick-film technology to manufacture electronic circuits and discrete passive components continues to grow at a rapid rate worldwide. When applied to hybrid microcircuits, it can be viewed as a means of packaging active devices, spanning the gap between monolithic integrated circuit chips and printed circuit boards with attached active and passive components. The strength of the thick-film approach is a consequence of function, size, and unit cost trade-offs; advances in materials have played a major role relative to each of these factors. Thick-film materials are developed to meet needs defined by electronic circuit design and process engineers. A general understanding of thick films is provided from a materials standpoint, particularly for the new engineer. Background is developed for a basic, yet simple, understanding of the components that make up resistor, conductor, and dielectric compositions, of processing, and of the properties of the final thick-film composite structures.
Remarkable elevation of interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 levels in the bone marrow serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (1994)

Iliac bone marrow may be an important site for the production or accumulation of IL-6 and IL-8 in RA, and these cytokines may influence synovial proliferation in patients with polyarthritis.
Generation of dopaminergic neurons in the adult brain from mesencephalic precursor cells labeled with a nestin-GFP transgene. (2001)

Mesencephalic precursor cells may one day provide dopaminergic neurons for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, the generation of dopaminergic neurons from mesencephalic precursors has been difficult to follow, partly because an appropriate means for recognizing mesencephalic ventricular zone precursors has not been available. To visualize and isolate mesencephalic precursor cells from a mixed population, we used transgenic mice and rats carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) cDNA under the control of the nestin enhancer. nestin-driven GFP was detected in the mesencephalic ventricular zone, and it colocalized with specific markers for neural precursor cells. In addition, data from flow-cytometry indicated that Prominin/CD133, a cell-surface marker for ventricular zone cells, was expressed specifically in these GFP-positive (GFP(+)) cells. After sorting by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, the GFP(+) cells proliferated in vitro and expressed precursor cell markers but not neuronal markers. Using clonogenic sphere formation assays, we showed that this sorted population was enriched in multipotent precursor cells that could differentiate into both neurons and glia. Importantly, many neurons generated from nestin-GFP-sorted mesencephalic precursors developed a dopaminergic phenotype in vitro. Finally, nestin-GFP(+) cells were transplanted into the striatum of a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Bromodeoxyuridine-tyrosine hydroxylase double-labeling revealed that the transplanted cells generated new dopaminergic neurons within the host striatum. The implanted cells were able to restore dopaminergic function in the host striatum, as assessed by a behavioral measure: recovery from amphetamine-induced rotation. Together, these findings indicate that precursor cells harvested from the embryonic ventral mesencephalon can generate dopaminergic neurons able to restore function to the chemically denervated adult striatum.
Potent neutralization of botulinum neurotoxin by recombinant oligoclonal antibody (2002)

The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause the paralytic human disease botulism and are one of the highest-risk threat agents for bioterrorism. To generate a pharmaceutical to prevent or treat botulism, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated by phage display and evaluated for neutralization of BoNT serotype A (BoNT/A) in vivo. Although no single mAb significantly neutralized toxin, a combination of three mAbs (oligoclonal Ab) neutralized 450,000 50% lethal doses of BoNT/A, a potency 90 times greater than human hyperimmune globulin. The potency of oligoclonal Ab was primarily due to a large increase in functional Ab binding affinity. The results indicate that the potency of the polyclonal humoral immune response can be deconvoluted to a few mAbs binding nonoverlapping epitopes, providing a route to drugs for preventing and treating botulism and diseases caused by other pathogens and biologic threat agents.
Inhibition of NOS‐2 expression in macrophages through the inactivation of NF‐κB by andalusol (1999)

1. Andalusol, ent-6alpha,8alpha,18-trihydroxy-13(16),14-labdadiene, is a naturally occurring diterpene, isolated from Sideritis foetens (Lamiaceae). This compound exhibited therapeutic activity when evaluated in in vivo models of paw and ear inflammation (Navarro et al., 1997: Z. Naturforsch., 52, 844-849). The pharmacological effects of this diterpene have been analysed on the activation of the macrophage cell line J774 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). 2. Incubation of J774 macrophages with andalusol (0.1 - 100 microM) inhibited the synthesis of nitrite caused by LPS (1 microg ml-1) in concentration and time-dependent manners. The maximal inhibition was observed when andalusol was added 30 min before LPS stimulation and decreased progressively as the interval between andalusol and LPS challenge increased up to 14 h. 3. Incubation of J774 cells with LPS resulted in the expression of NOS-2 protein (130 kDa) as identified by Western blot analysis. The levels of this enzyme decreased significantly in the presence of andalusol (IC50=10.5 microM), suggesting that this diterpene inhibited NOS-2 expression. 4. Andalusol inhibited nuclear factor kappaB activation, a transcription factor necessary for NOS-2 expression in response to LPS and IFN-gamma. This compound also inhibited the degradation of IkappaBalpha favouring the retention of the inactive NF-kappaB complexes in the cytosol. 5. Related compounds to andalusol but lacking the polyol groups were less effective inhibiting NOS-2 expression in LPS-activated macrophages. The present findings provide a mechanism by which the anti-inflammatory properties of this diterpene could be mediated.
SUMO Fusion Technology for Enhanced Protein Production in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Expression Systems (2008)

In eukaryotic cells, the reversible attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein is a post-translational modification that has been demonstrated to play an important role in various cellular processes. Moreover, it has been found that SUMO as an N-terminal fusion partner enhances functional protein production in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems, based upon significantly improved protein stability and solubility. Following the expression and purification of the fusion protein, the SUMO-tag can be cleaved by specific (SUMO) proteases via their endopeptidase activity in vitro to generate the desired N-terminus of the released protein partner. In addition to its physiological relevance in eukaryotes, SUMO can, thus, be used as a powerful biotechnological tool for protein expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell systems.In this chapter, we will describe the construction of a fusion protein with the SUMO-tag, its expression in Escherichia coli, and its purification followed by the removal of the SUMO-tag by a SUMO-specific protease in vitro.
Interactive three‐dimensional gravity inversion and forward modeling using a visualization system (1994)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994Interactive three‐dimensional gravity inversion and forward modeling using a visualization systemAuthors: Christian H. HenkeJannis MakrisChristian H. HenkeHamburg University, Germany and Jannis MakrisHamburg University, Germanyhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1932117 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1932117FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1994 Pages: 1679 publication data© 1994 Copyright © 1994 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Christian H. Henke and Jannis Makris, (1994), "Interactive three‐dimensional gravity inversion and forward modeling using a visualization system," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 430-431. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1932117 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Instant Java applets (1996)

Part 1 Java: introduction to Java, what is Java? why is it useful? why is important? what you need to make it work HotJava, Java on different platforms, about the compiler and debugger, quick HTML overview basic Java programming concepts, objects, object programming, classes, inheritance/method/attributes, file input and output, security. Part 2 Applets: beginner Applet, hello world six animation Applet, adding your own images, nervous text, changing movement, rotating graphics, scrolling graphics, adding 3D graphics two multimedia Applets, adding sound, ticker (integrating text and graphics) three games Applets, Tic Tac Toe, Hangman, 3D Tetris two mathematical Applets, simple maths problems, calculating spreadsheet two database Applets, input/output basic Applet, sophisticated search and retrieve two really hard but totally coll Applets, dimension X, nuclear reactor. Appendices: Main Java sites the Java FAQ.
Thermal Properties of Starch from Selected Maize (Zea mays L.) Mutants During Development (1997)

ABSTRACT The changes in thermal properties of maize starches during five stages of kernel maturity, (12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 days after pollination [DAP]), from three mutant genotypes, amylose extender ( ae ), sugary ‐2 ( su 2 ), and waxy ( wx ) in an OH43 background, and the OH43 genotype were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Within a genotype, DSC values of starches at 24, 30, and 36 DAP were similar to each other and often were significantly different ( P &lt; 0.05) from the values at 12 DAP, indicating possible differences in the fine structure of starch during endosperm development. For su 2 starches, the gelatinization onset temperature ( T oG ) significantly decreased after 12 DAP and remained low throughout the study. The gelatinization range ( R G ) had a similar pattern. For wx starches, T oG at 18 DAP was significantly lower than at 12 DAP but tended to increase after 18 DAP. The R G increased significantly after 12 DAP and significantly decreased after 30 DAP. Thus, thermal properties of starches during early development were different from those of their mature counterparts, and differences among the mutant genotypes and the normal starch originated from the earliest endosperm development stage studied (12 DAP).
The Liberation of Embryonic Stem Cells (2011)

Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are defined by their capacity to self-renew and their ability to differentiate into all adult tissues including the germ line. Along with efficient clonal propagation, these properties have made them an unparalleled tool for manipulation of the mouse genome. Traditionally, mouse ES (mES) cells have been isolated and cultured in complex, poorly defined conditions that only permit efficient derivation from the 129 mouse strain; genuine ES cells have not been isolated from another species in these conditions. Recently, use of small molecule inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (Gsk3) and the Fgf-MAPK signaling cascade has permitted efficient derivation of ES cells from all tested mouse strains. Subsequently, the first verified ES cells were established from a non-mouse species, Rattus norvegicus. Here, we summarize the advances in our understanding of the signaling pathways regulating mES cell self-renewal that led to the first derivation of rat ES cells and highlight the new opportunities presented for transgenic modeling on diverse genetic backgrounds. We also comment on the implications of this work for our understanding of pluripotent stem cells across mammalian species.
Pathogenesis of HIV-related Kaposiʼs sarcoma (1994)

Infection with HIV-1 is associated with a 7000-fold increase in the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Some studies suggest that the risk of KS in HIV infection is increased with certain sexual practices and that a sexually transmitted agent could be involved. Exposure to this agent apparently alters both the morphology and growth regulation of the KS progenitor cells. These changes include the expression of the different cytokine receptors and the acquisition of autocrine growth loops. Perturbations of multiple cytokines during HIV infection, including oncostatin-M, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, alter the subsequent growth of KS. These studies suggest that control of cytokine perturbations or the underlying HIV-1 infection could result in a significant reduction in the growth rate of AIDS-related KS.
Potential antisecretory antidiarrheals. 2. .alpha.2-Adrenergic 2-[(aryloxy)alkyl]imidazolines (1990)

Lofexidine, an alpha 2-agonist, has central hypotensive activity and peripheral intestinal antisecretory activity. Analogues were synthesized with increased polarity in an attempt to prevent penetration of the blood-brain barrier. The compounds were evaluated in the cholera toxin treated ligated jejunum of the rat and in the Ussing chamber with a rabbit ileum preparation. Active compounds were determined to be alpha 2-adrenergic agonists by yohimbine reversals of their Ussing chamber activities. The 2,6-dimethyl derivative of lofexidine, 4a, was as active as lofexidine in vivo, but derivatives with 2,6-substituents larger than ethyl were inactive. (Aryloxy)alkyl derivatives which have an imidazoline and a methyl or larger group as part of the alkyl exhibited the best antisecretory activity. Compounds with substituents in the para position of the phenyl ring were generally inactive. 3-Amino-2,6-dimethyl derivative 21 was twice as active as 4a. A 2-methyl substituent is required in the 3-amino series to retain good activity. 2-Methyl derivative 12a had activity comparable to that of 4a, while 6-methyl derivative 12f was inactive. Substituents on the 3-amino group did not affect the activity, but substituting a hydroxyl for the amino group produced an inactive compound. Replacing the phenyl moiety with a 4-indole resulted in retention of activity, but other heterocycles were inactive. Compound 12a was resolved and d isomer 32 was five times more potent than l isomer 33. The more active compounds in the rat cholera toxin assay (RCTA), when evaluated in the dog, exhibited antisecretory activity but also exhibited central nervous system (CNS) effects, sedation and ataxia, at 10 mg/kg, and in spontaneously hypertensive rats at 50 mg/kg. A measure of polarity, log P, was calculated for the (aryloxy)alkyl groups. Regression analysis showed no correlation of antisecretory ED50 to the calculated log P. The active compounds did not show a separation of the central CNS effects from the peripheral antisecretory activity by increasing the polarity.
The Role of Hydrogen in SiO2 Films on Silicon (1979)

This review discusses within a unified framework various phenomena occurring in thermally grown films on silicon with hydrogen as the most important contaminant or additive. The possible sources of hydrogen are (i) in the oxidizing ambient, deliberately introduced or resulting from permeation through hot furnace tubes, (ii) hydrogen in the room ambient oxide film on silicon, and (iii) deliberate or unintentional or in the ambient of postoxidation heat‐treatments. The "critical oxide thickness," which separates the linear oxidation regime from the parabolic one, is a very sensitive indicator of present in the oxidizing ambient. There is plenty of evidence, both direct and indirect, of hydrogen in films. In particular, infrared spectroscopy shows that OH and groups are present whose concentration and distribution depend strongly on preparation conditions. These groups can be H‐bonded to an oxygen; this feature and the presence of distinguishes films from fused which is another form of non‐crystalline. The H‐bonded OH groups in grown films may be preferentially aligned along structural channels and responsible for various transport processes characterized by ∼0.3 eV activation energy. Hydrogen greatly affects the properties of the interface, particularly its behavior under negative bias stress and irradiation. In fact, practically all properties of interface structures depend so strongly on hydrogen that its proper control and the understanding of its complicated role are probably the most important problems associated with these structures. This is particularly true for silicon‐based chemical sensors whose operation is basically determined by hydrogen in the film. Various aspects of the hydrogen in interface structures are similar to the role of hydrogen in and polymer films as well as in passivating films on metals.
Direct growth of graphene pad on exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride surface (2011)

A direct and metal layer-free growth of flat graphene pads on exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride substrate (h-BN) are demonstrated by atmospheric chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process. Round shape with high flatness graphene pads are grown in high yield (∼95%) with a pad thickness of ∼0.5 nm and homogenous diameter.
Confocal-line optical microscopy (1990)

Confocal optical microscopy offers major improvements and usefull investigative capabilities, over conventional microscopical imaging, expecially when high contrast and focal plane discrimination are required. Confocal operation implies space selective illumination and light detection. Potential uses can be both in the field of transmitted-light analysis of absorbing specimens or with incident-light configurations. Provisions for spatial scanning have to be included in the instrument and a variety of electromechanical solutions have been suggested by others, adaptable to incident-light work. Point illumination and detection is typical of proposed instruments and of their commercialy available versions, being principally suited to reflectance and fluorescence investigations. In current designs , intermediate deflection devices provide two dimensional scanning of the object, using a spot of concentrated light. The illuminated position of the object, is imaged back by the same optics on the spatial filter ( pin hole) placed in front of a photo-detecting device. Instruments of this type are of limited utility, in transmitted light work, since the scanning configuration doesn't permit to perform transmitted light confocal imaging. In fact an intrinsic limitation is due to the difficulty of designing and constructing a scanning device that guarants precise and stable correspondence between the position illuminated and the position detected which, in the case of transmission analysis reside on the opposite halves in the optical path, with respect to the specimen.
Nanoparticle-Based Test Measures Overall Propensity for Calcification in Serum (2012)

Vascular and soft tissue calcification contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in both the general population and CKD. Because calcium and phosphate serum concentrations are near supersaturation, the balance of inhibitors and promoters critically influences the development of calcification. An assay that measures the overall propensity for calcification to occur in serum may have clinical use. Here, we describe a nanoparticle-based assay that detects, in the presence of artificially elevated calcium and phosphate concentrations, the spontaneous transformation of spherical colloidal primary calciprotein particles (CPPs) to elongate crystalline secondary CPPs. We used characteristics of this transition to describe the intrinsic capacity of serum to inhibit the precipitation of calcium and phosphate. Using this assay, we found that both the sera of mice deficient in fetuin-A, a serum protein that inhibits calcification, and the sera of patients on hemodialysis have reduced intrinsic properties to inhibit calcification. In summary, we developed a nanoparticle-based test that measures the overall propensity for calcification in serum. The clinical use of the test requires evaluation in a prospective study.
Quantitative determination of the enantiomeric composition of thalidomide solutions by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2002)

Rapid and simple chiral analysis of thalidomide solutions is demonstrated by using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and analysis of cluster ion dissociation by the kinetic method. Average deviations of 1% between the actual and experimental enantiomeric compositions are observed.
Hydroxyapatite supported caesium carbonate as a new recyclable solid base catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation in water (2009)

The Knoevenagel condensation between aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate or malonic acid with hydroxyapatite supported caesium carbonate in water is described. HAP–Cs 2 CO 3 was found to be a highly active, stable and recyclable catalyst under the reaction conditions.