gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delivery of an Adenovirus Vector in a Calcium Phosphate Coprecipitate Enhances the Therapeutic Index of Gene Transfer to Airway Epithelia (1999)

Gene transfer could provide a novel treatment for cystic fibrosis. However, current vectors, including recombinant adenoviruses, are relatively inefficient at gene transfer to airway epithelia. We have found that delivering adenovirus in a calcium phosphate coprecipitate (Ad:CaPi coprecipitates) enhanced the efficiency of gene transfer to airway epithelia in vitro and in vivo. However, the potential for injury to the epithelium was not evaluated. In NIH 3T3 cells treated with Ad:CaPi coprecipitates, we found that a 30-min exposure, which was sufficient for maximal transgene expression, produced no toxicity; whereas some other transfection reagents induced significant toxicity. Moreover, when Ad:CaPi coprecipitates were applied to the apical surface of differentiated airway epithelia in vitro, they did not reduce transepithelial resistance, even after prolonged incubation. Delivery of Ad:CaPi coprecipitates to mouse lung induced an inflammatory response, but it was not substantially different from that following administration of adenovirus alone. Thus, Ad:CaPi coprecipitates significantly enhance gene transfer to differentiated human airway epithelia in vitro and to mouse lung in vivo without increasing toxicity or the inflammatory response. Thus, CaPi coprecipitates may enhance the therapeutic index of adenovirus-based gene transfer vectors.
Genetic characterization of commonly used glioma cell lines in the rat animal model system (2005)

Due to the variances between the cell lines and results from analyses in humans, caution must be observed in interpreting as well as in the translation of information learned from animal models to its application in human trials.
Micro-Raman study of the factors limiting the TiSi 2 C54 phase formation in submicron patterns (1998)

A detailed micro-Raman analysis of the C49-C54 structural phase transformation in a TiSi2 patterned film is reported. These results emphasise that a reduced density of triple-grain boundaries, considered to be the nucleation sites of the C54 phase, is not sufficient to explain the observed difficulty to convert the C49 in small areas. Other effects, such as the C54 effective nucleation probability on a given nucleation centre and the C54 ability to propagate through the film, play a key role in the C49-C54 conversion process, and affect the transition temperature required for sub-micron devices.
STUDIES WITH THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH ON THE ACTION OF THE VAGUS NERVE ON THE HUMAN HEART (1911)

In hearts showing auricular fibrillation mechanical stimulation of the right vagus nerve causes, as a rule, marked slowing or stoppage of ventricular rhythm, without producing any appreciable effect in the electrocardiographic record of the auricular fibrillation. The ventricular pauses are apparently due to the blocking of stimuli from the auricles. The force of ventricular systole is distinctly weakened for several beats after vagus stimulation, and ectopic ventricular systoles have been seen in several instances, apparently the result of the vagus action. There may, in some cases, be lowered excitability of the ventricles, while no constant change is seen in the size of the electrical complexes representing ventricular systole.
Tubular and Interstitial Expression of ICAM-1 as a Marker of Renal Injury in IgA Nephropathy (2003)

Tubular and interstitial expression of ICAM-1 can be a marker of tubulointerstitial disturbance in IgAN. Interstitial ICAM-1 may be an adverse predictor of disease progression.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and receptors for it in labial salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome. (2001)

The interrelated localization of TNF receptors and their ligand TNF-alpha in inflammatory and in endothelial cells suggests a proinflammatory role of TNF-alpha in SS. The expression of TNF-alpha and its receptors in fibroblasts and ductal cells may contribute to ductal hyperplasia and glandular fibrosis. However, in contrast to expectations, the cellular localization of the TNF-alpha/TNRF system argues against its role in acinar cell atrophy.
An inhibitor of the Tat/TAR RNA interaction that effectively suppresses HIV-1 replication (1997)

One of the first steps in HIV gene expression is the recruitment of Tat protein to the transcription machinery after its binding to the RNA response element TAR. Starting from a pool of 3.2 x 10(6) individual chemical entities, we were able to select a hybrid peptoid/peptide oligomer of 9 residues (CGP64222) that was able to block the formation of the Tat/TAR RNA complex in vitro at nanomolar concentrations. NMR studies demonstrated that the compound binds similarly to polypeptides derived from the Tat protein and induces a conformational change in TAR RNA at the Tat-binding site. In addition, 10-30 microM CGP64222 specifically inhibited Tat activity in a cellular Tat-dependent transactivation assay [fusion-induced gene stimulation (FIGS) assay] and blocked HIV-1 replication in primary human lymphocytes. By contrast, peptides of a comparable size and side-chain composition inhibited cell fusion in the FIGS assay and only partially inhibited HIV-1 replication in primary human lymphocytes. Thus, we have discovered a compound, CGP64222, that specifically inhibits the Tat/TAR RNA interaction, both in vitro and in vivo.
Hydrogen enrichment: A way to maintain combustion stability in a natural gas fuelled engine with exhaust gas recirculation, the potential of fuel reforming (2001)

An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the potential of hydrogen enrichment to increase the tolerance of a stoichiometrically fuelled natural gas engine to high levels of dilution by exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). This provides significant gains in terms of exhaust emissions without the rapid reduction in combustion stability typically seen when applying EGR to a methane-fuelled engine. Presented results give the envelope of benefits from hydrogen enrichment. In parallel, the performance of a catalytic exhaust gas reforming reactor was investigated in order that it could be used as an onboard source of hydrogen-rich EGR. It was shown that sufficient hydrogen was generated with currently available prototype catalysts to allow the engine, at the operating points considered, to tolerate up to 25 per cent EGR, while maintaining a coefficient of variability of indicated mean effective pressure below 5 per cent. This level of EGR gives a reduction in NO emissions greater than 80 per cent in all test cases.
Magnetic properties and Moessbauer spectra of several iron(III)-dicarboxylic acid complexes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagnetic properties and Moessbauer spectra of several iron(III)-dicarboxylic acid complexesChester T. Dziobkowski, James T. Wrobleski, and David B. BrownCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 3, 671–678Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50217a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50217a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1263Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Acoustic Energy Harvesting Using Quarter-Wavelength Straight-Tube Resonator (2012)

Although there have been significant efforts in harvesting environmental energy, our environment is still full of wasted and unused energy. As clean, ubiquitous and sustainable energy source, acoustic energy is one of the wasted energies and is abundant in our life. Therefore, it is of great interest to investigate acoustic energy harvesting mechanism as an alternative to existing energy harvesters. In this study, in order to harvest acoustic energy, piezoelectric cantilever beams are placed inside a quarter-wavelength straight-tube resonator. When the straight-tube resonator is excited by an incident wave at its acoustic eigenfrequency, an amplified acoustic resonant wave is developed inside the tube and drives the vibration motion of the piezoelectric beams. The piezoelectric beams have been designed to have the same structural eigenfrequency as the acoustic eigenfrequency of the tube resonators to maximize the amount of the harvested energy. With a single beam placed inside the tube resonators, the harvested voltage and power become the maximum near the tube open inlet where the acoustic pressure gradient is at the maximum. As the beam is moved to the tube closed end, the voltage and power gradually decrease due to the decreased acoustic pressure gradient. Multiple piezoelectric beams have been placed along the centerline of the tube resonators in order to increase the amount of harvested energy. Due to the interruption of acoustic air particle motion caused by the beams, it is found that placing piezoelectric beams near the closed tube end is not beneficial. The output voltage of the piezoelectric beams increases linearly as the incident sound pressure increases.
Engineering Protein Hydrogels Using SpyCatcher-SpyTag Chemistry (2016)

Constructing hydrogels from engineered proteins has attracted significant attention within the material sciences, owing to their myriad potential applications in biomedical engineering. Developing efficient methods to cross-link tailored protein building blocks into hydrogels with desirable mechanical, physical, and functional properties is of paramount importance. By making use of the recently developed SpyCatcher-SpyTag chemistry, we successfully engineered protein hydrogels on the basis of engineered tandem modular elastomeric proteins. Our resultant protein hydrogels are soft but stable, and show excellent biocompatibility. As the first step, we tested the use of these hydrogels as a drug carrier, as well as in encapsulating human lung fibroblast cells. Our results demonstrate the robustness of the SpyCatcher-SpyTag chemistry, even when the SpyTag (or SpyCatcher) is flanked by folded globular domains. These results demonstrate that SpyCatcher-SpyTag chemistry can be used to engineer protein hydrogels from tandem modular elastomeric proteins that can find applications in tissue engineering, in fundamental mechano-biological studies, and as a controlled drug release vehicle.
Far-Field On-Chip Antennas Monolithically Integrated in a Wireless-Powered 5.8-GHz Downlink/UWB Uplink RFID Tag in 0.18-$\mu{\hbox {m}}$ Standard CMOS (2010)

This paper discusses two antennas monolithically integrated on-chip to be used respectively for wireless powering and UWB transmission of a tag designed and fabricated in 0.18- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox {m}}$</tex></formula> CMOS technology. A multiturn loop-dipole structure with inductive and resistive stubs is chosen for both antennas. Using these on-chip antennas, the chip employs asymmetric communication links: at downlink, the tag captures the required supply wirelessly from the received RF signal transmitted by a reader and, for the uplink, ultra-wideband impulse-radio (UWB-IR), in the 3.1–10.6-GHz band, is employed instead of backscattering to achieve extremely low power and a high data rate up to 1 Mb/s. At downlink with the on-chip power-scavenging antenna and power-management unit circuitry properly designed, 7.5-cm powering distance has been achieved, which is a huge improvement in terms of operation distance compared with other reported tags with on-chip antenna. Also, 7-cm operating distance is achieved with the implemented on-chip UWB antenna. The tag can be powered up at all the three ISM bands of 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz, with off-chip antennas, and 5.8 GHz with the integrated on-chip antenna. The tag receives its clock and the commands wirelessly through the modulated RF powering-up signal. Measurement results show that the tag can operate up to 1 Mb/s data rate with a minimum input power of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$-\hbox{19.41 dBm}$</tex></formula> at 915-MHz band, corresponding to 15.7 m of operation range with an off-chip 0-dB gain antenna. This is a great improvement compared with conventional passive RFIDs in term of data rate and operation distance. The power consumption of the chip is measured to be just 16.6 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu \hbox{W}$</tex></formula> at the clock frequency of 10 MHz at 1.2-V supply. In addition, in this paper, for the first time, the radiation pattern of an on-chip antenna at such a frequency is measured. The measurement shows that the antenna has an almost omnidirectional radiation pattern so that the chip's performance is less direction-dependent.
Possibility of Photoinduced Superconductivity (1968)

The possibility of interband electron pairing induced by the virtual exchange of quanta of two boson fields (photons and phonons) is theoretically examined. The system in question comprises two conduction bands which are, in general, separated by an energy gap ${E}_{\mathrm{bc}}$. Radiative transitions between states of these bands are assumed to be allowed. Through appropriate canonical transformations, effective interband electron-electron interaction terms are obtained which involve, respectively, virtual exchange of (i) one photon (one-boson process), and (ii) one photon and one phonon (two-boson process). These are found to be attractive under certain conditions. The one-photon process is, however, rendered inconsequential owing to the very small volume of momentum space spanned by "interaction quantum" (photon) exchanged. The two-boson process, on the other hand, does not suffer from the above momentum-space restriction. Moreover, this latter process contains terms linear in the photon and the phonon occupation-number densities, and the reduction in the matrix elements can be compensated by boosting the boson occupation-number densities artificially. Estimates show that the photon-occupation-number term will be significant for a value of $\frac{{n}_{{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}}}{V}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{16}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, where ${n}_{{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}}$ is the photon occupation number and $V$ is the volume. The corresponding phonon occupation-number density has to be of the order of ${10}^{20}$/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. In that case, the interaction term is found to be anisotropic with respect to the direction of injected phonons. Expressions for the superconducting energy gaps at $T=0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K are derived by a Green's-function technique. The transition temperature for $\frac{{n}_{{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}}}{V}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{17}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ is found to be of the order of ${10}^{2}$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Asymptomatic Human CD4+Cytotoxic T-Cell Epitopes Identified from Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein B (2008)

The identification of "asymptomatic" (i.e., protective) epitopes recognized by T cells from herpes simplex virus (HSV)-seropositive healthy individuals is a prerequisite for an effective vaccine. Using the PepScan epitope mapping strategy, a library of 179 potential peptide epitopes (15-mers overlapping by 10 amino acids) was identified from HSV type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B (gB), an antigen that induces protective immunity in both animal models and humans. Eighteen groups (G1 to G18) of 10 adjacent peptides each were first screened for T-cell antigenicity in 38 HSV-1-seropositive but HSV-2-seronegative individuals. Individual peptides within the two immunodominant groups (i.e., G4 and G14) were further screened with T cells from HLA-DR-genotyped and clinically defined symptomatic (n = 10) and asymptomatic (n = 10) HSV-1-seropositive healthy individuals. Peptides gB(161-175) and gB(166-180) within G4 and gB(661-675) within G14 recalled the strongest HLA-DR-dependent CD4(+) T-cell proliferation and gamma interferon production. gB(166-180), gB(661-675), and gB(666-680) elicited ex vivo CD4(+) cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) that lysed autologous HSV-1- and vaccinia virus (expressing gB)-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines. Interestingly, gB(166-180) and gB(666-680) peptide epitopes were strongly recognized by CD4(+) T cells from 10 of 10 asymptomatic patients but not by CD4(+) T cells from 10 of 10 symptomatic patients (P < 0.0001; analysis of variance posttest). Inversely, CD4(+) T cells from symptomatic patients preferentially recognized gB(661-675) (P < 0.0001). Thus, we identified three previously unrecognized CD4(+) CTL peptide epitopes in HSV-1 gB. Among these, gB(166-180) and gB(666-680) appear to be "asymptomatic" peptide epitopes and therefore should be considered in the design of future herpes vaccines.
Genome-wide association studies in cancer (2008)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a powerful approach to identify common, low-penetrance disease loci without prior knowledge of location or function. GWAS have been conducted in five of the commonest cancer types: breast, prostate, colorectal and lung, and melanoma, and have identified more than 20 novel disease loci, confirming that susceptibility to these diseases is polygenic. Many of these loci were detected at low power, indicating that many further loci will probably be detected with larger studies. For the most part, the loci were not previously suspected to be related to carcinogenesis, and point to new disease mechanisms. The risks conferred by the susceptibility alleles are low, generally 1.3-fold or less. The combined effects may, however, be sufficiently large to be useful for risk prediction, and targeted screening and prevention, particularly as more loci are identified.
Single-Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction via Learned Geometric Dictionaries and Clustered Sparse Coding (2012)

Recently, single image super-resolution reconstruction (SISR) via sparse coding has attracted increasing interest. In this paper, we proposed a multiple-geometric-dictionaries-based clustered sparse coding scheme for SISR. Firstly, a large number of high-resolution (HR) image patches are randomly extracted from a set of example training images and clustered into several groups of "geometric patches," from which the corresponding "geometric dictionaries" are learned to further sparsely code each local patch in a low-resolution image. A clustering aggregation is performed on the HR patches recovered by different dictionaries, followed by a subsequent patch aggregation to estimate the HR image. Considering that there are often many repetitive image structures in an image, we add a self-similarity constraint on the recovered image in patch aggregation to reveal new features and details. Finally, the HR residual image is estimated by the proposed recovery method and compensated to better preserve the subtle details of the images. Some experiments test the proposed method on natural images, and the results show that the proposed method outperforms its counterparts in both visual fidelity and numerical measures.
Membrane Fusion Induced by the HIV Type 1 Fusion Peptide: Modulation by Factors Affecting Glycoprotein 41 Activity and Potential Anti-HIV Compounds (1997)

Peptides representing a sequence of 23 amino acid residues at the N terminus of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp41 bind and subsequently induce fusion of large unilamellar vesicles (LUV), an activity presumably related to gp41 function in viral infection. These in vitro effects can be modulated by several factors that are known to affect HIV-1 infectivity and gp41-mediated virus-cell fusion. Peptide-induced membrane fusion but not peptide binding can be inhibited by two factors known to block gp41 activity: a polar amino acid substitution V --> E in position 2 and the presence of the N-terminal hexapeptide of gp41 in addition to the parent sequence. Whereas inclusion of the alternative gp120 receptor galactosylceramide in membranes has virtually no effect, membrane cholesterol stimulates fusion activity. In view of its putative physiological relevance, we have used the fusion activity of the peptides as a tool to evaluate the inhibitory effect of antivirals that might target this sequence. We describe three dissimilar effects: Amphotericin B inhibits in a cholesterol-independent way peptide-induced fusion but not binding, human serum albumin inhibits binding and consequently fusion, and dextran sulfate (M(r) 5000) does not affect either binding or fusion.
89Zr-DFO-J591 for ImmunoPET of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Expression In Vivo (2010)

These studies demonstrate that (89)Zr-DFO-labeled mAbs show exceptional promise as radiotracers for immunoPET of human cancers. (89)Zr-DFO-J591 displays high tumor-to-background tissue contrast in immunoPET and can be used to delineate and quantify PSMA-positive prostate tumors in vivo.
Shape and Appearance Context Modeling (2007)

In this work we develop appearance models for computing the similarity between image regions containing deformable objects of a given class in realtime. We introduce the concept of shape and appearance context. The main idea is to model the spatial distribution of the appearance relative to each of the object parts. Estimating the model entails computing occurrence matrices. We introduce a generalization of the integral image and integral histogram frameworks, and prove that it can be used to dramatically speed up occurrence computation. We demonstrate the ability of this framework to recognize an individual walking across a network of cameras. Finally, we show that the proposed approach outperforms several other methods.
A Unified Model for De Novo Design of Elastin-like Polypeptides with Tunable Inverse Transition Temperatures (2013)

Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are stimulus-responsive peptide polymers that exhibit inverse temperature phase transition behavior, causing an ELP to aggregate above its inverse transition temperature (T(t)). Although this property has been exploited in a variety of biotechnological applications, de novo design of ELPs that display a specific T(t) is not trivial because the T(t) of an ELP is a complex function of several variables, including its sequence, chain length, polypeptide concentration, and the type and concentration of cosolutes in solution. This paper provides a quantitative model that predicts the T(t) of a family of ELPs (Val-Pro-Gly-Xaa-Gly, where Xaa = Ala and/or Val) from their composition, chain length, and concentration in phosphate buffered saline. This model will enable de novo prediction of the amino acid sequence and chain length of ELPs that will display a predetermined T(t) in physiological buffer within a specified concentration regime, thereby greatly facilitating the design of new ELPs for applications in medicine and biotechnology.