gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxytocin during labour and risk of severe postpartum haemorrhage: a population-based, cohort-nested case–control study (2011)

Objectives Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Experimental studies support the hypothesis that oxytocin administration during labour, a common although not evidence-based practice, may increase the risk of atonic PPH. The clinical studies, however, are inconclusive. The objectives of this study was to investigate the association between the level of oxytocin exposure during labour and the risk of severe PPH and to explore whether the prophylactic use of oxytocin after birth modifies this association. Design Population-based, cohort-nested case-control study. Setting 106 French hospitals from December 2004 through November 2006. Participants Women with term singleton vaginal deliveries, after an uncomplicated pregnancy. Cases were 1483 women with severe PPH, defined by peripartum change in haemoglobin of ≥4 g/dl or need for blood transfusion. Controls were 1758 women from a random sample of parturients without PPH. Main outcome measures The independent association between the level of oxytocin during labour and the risk of severe PPH was tested and quantified with ORs through two-level multivariable logistic regression modelling. Results Oxytocin was administered during labour to 73% of cases and 61% of controls (crude OR: 1.7, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.0). After adjustment for all potential confounders, oxytocin during labour was associated with a significantly higher risk of severe PPH (adjusted OR: 1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.6) in women who did not receive prophylactic oxytocin after delivery; the OR for haemorrhage increased from 1 to 5 according to the level of oxytocin exposure. In women who had prophylactic oxytocin after delivery, this association was significant only for the highest exposure categories. Conclusions Oxytocin during labour appears to be an independent risk factor for severe PPH. The results emphasise the need for guidelines clarifying the evidence-based indications for this procedure and the minimal useful regimens.
Size classes of products synthesized processively by DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of Escherichia coli. (1981)

Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III core enzyme and DNA polymerase I11 holoenzyme synthesize DNA via a processive mechanism, but size classes of products made are very different for the two enzyme forms and are influenced by template structure and other conditions.We have employed three methods to measure the size of newly synthesized DNA made after one association of the DNA polymerase with DNA primer termini.The first, a biochemical kinetic approach (Bambara, R., Uyemura, D., and Choi, T. (1978) J. Biol.Chem 253, 413-423), was used with a randomly primed fd DNA template.Results are obtained as the average size of newly synthesized products.The core enzyme adds approximately 11 nucleotides to the primers before dissociation.This value can be reduced severalfold by spermidine.The holoenzyme adds at least 100 nucleotides before dissociation.This number is increased in the presence of spermidine or single-stranded DNAbinding protein.In the second method, gel filtration is used to estimate the size of products made in the presence of excess poly(dA)=oligo(dT), such that various classes of product sizes can be detected.The core enzyme produces a single size class 10 to 15 nucleotides long, but shorter products when spermidine is present.Preparations of DNA polymerase 111 holoenzyme produce two apparent size classes, one 10 to 30 nucleotides in length which is attributable to free endogenous core DNA polymerase I11 and the other more than 100 nucleotides in length.The sizes and proportions of these classes can be influenced by spermidine, single-stranded DNA-binding protein, and antibody to the / 3 subunit of the holoenzyme.The third method involves detection of the product made from dnaG primase-primed G4 DNA in the presence of single-stranded DNA-binding protein.Product size is monitored by the appearance of Hue 111 restriction endonuclease sites.The holoenzyme can be shown to synthesize a full length product on 6 4 DNA (5577 nucleotides) after a single binding event.Escherichia coli contains three DNA polymerases, desig-GM-24441 to R.
Accuracy in position estimation of mobile robots based on coded infrared signal transmission (2002)

A system based on coded, infrared signal transmission for the estimation of position of mobile robots in a structured environment has been reported. Particular emphasis is given on the polar coordinate arrangement in which signals are sent from the transmitters situated at the corners of boundaries of operation. A multi-sensor system strategically situated on board the robot has been found to improve the accuracy of the position estimation substantially. The information detected by the sensors are processed suitably to calculate the central position of the robot geometrically. The algorithms for the position calculations and operational strategy are presented. This system forms the basis for the coordination and cooperation philosophy of multiple mobile robots sharing the same environment performing cooperative or competitive tasks
Impact of crystal size and tunnel dielectric on semiconductor nanocrystal memory performance (2003)

The write/erase characteristics of Germanium nanocrystal memory device are modeled using single-charge tunneling theory with quantum confinement and Coulomb blockade effects. A trap model is proposed to describe the retention characteristic of the nanocrystal memory. The impact of nanocrystal size, tunnel-oxide thickness, and high-k tunnel material is studied, and the suitability of the nanocrystal memory devices for nonvolatile memory and DRAM applications is discussed. Issues related to the scaling limit of the nanocrystal memory device are investigated.
Robust Curb Detection with Fusion of 3D-Lidar and Camera Data (2014)

Curb detection is an essential component of Autonomous Land Vehicles (ALV), especially important for safe driving in urban environments. In this paper, we propose a fusion-based curb detection method through exploiting 3D-Lidar and camera data. More specifically, we first fuse the sparse 3D-Lidar points and high-resolution camera images together to recover a dense depth image of the captured scene. Based on the recovered dense depth image, we propose a filter-based method to estimate the normal direction within the image. Then, by using the multi-scale normal patterns based on the curb's geometric property, curb point features fitting the patterns are detected in the normal image row by row. After that, we construct a Markov Chain to model the consistency of curb points which utilizes the continuous property of the curb, and thus the optimal curb path which links the curb points together can be efficiently estimated by dynamic programming. Finally, we perform post-processing operations to filter the outliers, parameterize the curbs and give the confidence scores on the detected curbs. Extensive evaluations clearly show that our proposed method can detect curbs with strong robustness at real-time speed for both static and dynamic scenes.
Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Well-Defined Polystyrene by “Click” Coupling (2005)

Covalent functionalization of alkyne-decorated SWNTs with well-defined, azide-terminated polystyrene polymers was accomplished by the Cu(I)-catalyzed [3 + 2] Huisgen cycloaddition. This reaction was found to be extremely efficient in producing organosoluble polymer-nanotube conjugates, even at relatively low reaction temperatures (60 °C) and short reaction times (24 h). The reaction was found to be most effective when a CuI catalyst was employed in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene as an additive. IR spectroscopy was utilized to follow the introduction and consumption of alkyne groups on the SWNTs, and Raman spectroscopy evidenced the conversion of a high proportion of sp2 carbons to sp3 hybridization during alkyne introduction. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the polymer-functionalized SWNTs consisted of 45% polymer, amounting to approximately one polymer chain for every 200−700 carbons of the nanotubes, depending on polymer molecular weight. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were utilized to image polymer-functionalized SWNTs, showing relatively uniform polymer coatings present on the surface of individual, debundled nanotubes.
Major Groove Recognition Elements in the Middle of the T7 RNA Polymerase Promoter (1996)

T7 RNA polymerase recognizes a relatively small promoter extending only 17 base pairs upstream from the start site for transcription. A model for this recognition suggests that the enzyme interacts with the major groove of duplex DNA in the region centered at position -9 [Muller, D.K., et al. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 3306-3313], and recent kinetic analyses of promoters containing base analogs at positions -10 and -11 have provided support for this model [Schick, C., & Martin, C.T. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 4275-4280; Schick, C., & Martin, C.T. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 666-672]. In the current work, we extend this analysis across the proposed major groove, identifying specific base functional group contacts at positions -9 through -5. Specifically, the 6-carbonyl of guanine at positions -9 and -7, the 6-amino group of adenine at position -8, the 5-methyl group of thymine at position -6 and the 2-amino group of guanine at position -5 are identified as primary contacts. The results strongly support the model for duplex recognition in this region of the promoter and suggest that recognition continues along one face of the helix beyond the major groove and into the adjoining minor groove at position -5, where helix melting begins.
Carba Analogs of Cyclic Phosphatidic Acid Are Selective Inhibitors of Autotaxin and Cancer Cell Invasion and Metastasis (2006)

Autotaxin (ATX, nucleotide pyrophosphate/phosphodiesterase-2) is an autocrine motility factor initially characterized from A2058 melanoma cell-conditioned medium. ATX is known to contribute to cancer cell survival, growth, and invasion. Recently ATX was shown to be responsible for the lysophospholipase D activity that generates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Production of LPA is sufficient to explain the effects of ATX on tumor cells. Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a naturally occurring analog of LPA in which the sn-2 hydroxy group forms a 5-membered ring with the sn-3 phosphate. Cellular responses to cPA generally oppose those of LPA despite activation of apparently overlapping receptor populations, suggesting that cPA also activates cellular targets distinct from LPA receptors. cPA has previously been shown to inhibit tumor cell invasion in vitro and cancer cell metastasis in vivo. However, the mechanism governing this effect remains unresolved. Here we show that 3-carba analogs of cPA lack significant agonist activity at LPA receptors yet are potent inhibitors of ATX activity, LPA production, and A2058 melanoma cell invasion in vitro and B16F10 melanoma cell metastasis in vivo.
Flow cytometric analysis of inflammatory markers in conjunctival epithelial cells of patients with dry eyes. (2000)

One hundred sixty-nine specimens were successfully interpreted at baseline, including 41% from patients with SS. A highly significant increase of HLA DR expression by conjunctival cells was found in KCS-affected eyes compared with normal eyes, which did not express this marker or did so very weakly. HLA DR expression in eyes with SS was significantly higher than in KCS-affected eyes without SS. Fas and APO2.7 were found at low levels in all normal and KCS-affected eyes. CD40 and CD40 ligand expressions were significantly increased in eyes with KCS compared with normal eyes. HLA DR, CD40 and Fas were found at significantly higher levels in the SS group than in the non-SS group. CONCLUSIONS. Conjunctival cells from patients with dry eye with moderate to severe KCS, with or without SS, overexpress inflammatory and apoptosis-related markers. Whether inflammation is a primary phenomenon in KCS or is the consequence of repetitive abrasion of the ocular surface after tear film deficiency remains to be determined. These data, nevertheless, support the use of immunomodulatory and/or anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of patients with KCS.
Enhanced Production and Oligomerization of the 42-residue Amyloid β-Protein by Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Stably Expressing Mutant Presenilins (1997)

Mutations in the presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) genes cause the most common and aggressive form of early onset familial Alzheimer's disease. To elucidate their pathogenic mechanism, wild-type (wt) or mutant (M146L, C410Y) PS1 and wt or mutant (M239V) PS2 genes were stably transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells that overexpress the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP). The identity of the 43-45-kDa PS1 holoproteins was confirmed by N-terminal radiosequencing. PS1 was rapidly processed (t1/2 = 40 min) in the endoplasmic reticulum into stable fragments. Wild-type and mutant PS2 holoproteins exhibited similar half lives (1.5 h); however, their endoproteolytic fragments showed both mutation-specific and cell type-specific differences. Mutant PS1 or PS2 consistently induced a 1.4-2.5-fold increase (p < 0.001) in the relative production of the highly amyloidogenic 42-residue form of amyloid beta-protein (Abeta42) as determined by quantitative immunoprecipitation and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In mutant PS1 and PS2 cell lines with high increases in Abeta42/Abetatotal ratios, spontaneous formation of low molecular weight oligomers of Abeta42 was observed in media, suggesting enhanced Abeta aggregation from the elevation of Abeta42. We conclude that mutant PS1 and PS2 proteins enhance the proteolysis of beta-amyloid precursor protein by the gamma-secretase cleaving at Abeta residue 42, thereby promoting amyloidogenesis.
40 Gbit/s silicon optical modulator for high-speed applications (2007)

A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on the free carrier plasma dispersion effect is presented. It is based on carrier depletion of a pn diode embedded inside a silicon-on-insulator waveguide. To achieve high-speed performance, a travelling-wave design is used to allow co-propagation of the electrical and optical signals along the length of the device. The resulting modulator has a 3 dB bandwidth of ∼30 GHz and can transmit data up to 40 Gbit/s.
Graded mixed-layer organic light-emitting devices (2002)

We describe the performance of graded, mixed-layer organic light- emitting devices (OLEDs). The devices are step graded from a mostly hole transporting layer (HTL) to a mostly electron transporting layer (ETL) from anode side to cathode side, respectively. Luminous efficiencies of &amp;gt;4.5 lm/W and 10 cd/A are obtained at 1000 cd/m2 for green, electrofluorescent, graded mixed OLEDs. These efficiencies are significantly higher than those of a uniformly mixed device, i.e., a device in which the HTL and ETL are uniformly mixed, but lower than those of a conventional heterostructure device employing the same dopant material. The operating lifetime of the graded mixed OLEDs, however, is much improved over the heterostructure device. The results of our work suggest that the graded mixed OLED device structure represents a path to achieving extended lifetimes with sufficient efficiency for flat panel display applications in which this parameter is critical to market acceptance.
Maturation of Human Dendritic Cells by Cell Wall Skeleton ofMycobacterium bovisBacillus Calmette-Guerin: Involvement of Toll-Like Receptors (2000)

The constituents of mycobacteria are an effective immune adjuvant, as observed with complete Freund's adjuvant. In this study, we demonstrated that the cell wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG-CWS), a purified noninfectious material consisting of peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan, and mycolic acids, induces maturation of human dendritic cells (DC). Surface expression of CD40, CD80, CD83, and CD86 was increased by BCG-CWS on human immature DC, and the effect was similar to those of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), heat-killed BCG, and viable BCG. BCG-CWS induced the secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12 p40. CD83 expression was increased by a soluble factor secreted from BCG-CWS-treated DC and was completely inhibited by monoclonal antibodies against TNF-alpha. BCG-CWS-treated DC stimulated extensive allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. The level of TNF-alpha secreted through BCG-CWS was partially suppressed in murine macrophages with no Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR 2) or TLR4 and was completely lost in TLR2 and TLR4 double-deficient macrophages. These results suggest that the BCG-CWS induces TNF-alpha secretion from DC via TLR2 and TLR4 and that the secreted TNF-alpha induces the maturation of DC per se.
Selective activation of Fas/Fas ligand-mediated cytotoxicity by a self peptide. (1996)

To study how MHC-associated self antigens may regulate the function of T cells in the periphery, we generated CD8+ T cell lines specific for a single residue variant of a self peptide. The self peptide (GAYEFTTL) was isolated from H-2-Kb class I MHC molecules immunopurified from tumor cells. CD8+ CTL lines from H-2b mice were generated against a variant peptide, pE4R, (arginine for glutamic acid at the TCR contact position 4). In short-term 51Cr-release assays, these CTL lysed H-2Kb targets that were pulsed with picomolar levels of pE4R but did not lyse target cells coated with the self peptide at micromolar levels. However, in overnight assays the CTL lysed Fas-positive target cells in the presence of nanomolar levels of the self peptide. This killing was shown to be entirely Fas/Fas ligand mediated by blocking with anti-Fas antibody and Fas-Fc chimeric molecules. While the self peptide was unable to induce serine esterase release from the CTL, it did induce secretion of IFN-gamma. By these criteria then, the unmodified self ligand served as a partial agonist for the CTL raised against a single-residue variant. CD8+ T cell lines raised by in vitro stimulation with the self peptide were likewise unable to kill self peptide-coated targets via the perforin pathway but did lyse targets via Fas. These and similar data from other groups show that self antigens (i.e., MHC/peptide complexes) may be recognized by mature peripheral T cells. The T cell population is tolerant of the self antigen in the sense that they do not respond to physiological levels of the MHC/peptide complex. However, when the level of self antigen is increased (by using synthetic peptide loading) CD8+ T cells may respond by proliferation, IFN-gamma secretion, Fas ligand upregulation, and Fas-mediated cytolysis but are still unable to respond by perforin-mediated cytolysis or granzyme release. The physiological significance of such partial activation in regulation of the immune system remains to be demonstrated.
Fast and simple monte carlo algorithm for side chain optimization in proteins: Application to model building by homology (1992)

An unknown protein structure can be predicted with fair accuracy once an evolutionary connection at the sequence level has been made to a protein of known 3-D structure. In model building by homology, one typically starts with a backbone framework, rebuilds new loop regions, and replaces nonconserved side chains. Here, we use an extremely efficient Monte Carlo algorithm in rotamer space with simulated annealing and simple potential energy functions to optimize the packing of side chains on given backbone models. Optimized models are generated within minutes on a workstation, with reasonable accuracy (average of 81% side chain chi 1 dihedral angles correct in the cores of proteins determined at better than 2.5 A resolution). As expected, the quality of the models decreases with decreasing accuracy of backbone coordinates. If the back-bone was taken from a homologous rather than the same protein, about 70% side chain chi 1 angles were modeled correctly in the core in a case of strong homology and about 60% in a case of medium homology. The algorithm can be used in automated, fast, and reproducible model building by homology.
Novel, Specific O-Glycosylation of Secreted Flavobacterium meningosepticum Proteins. (1995)

A new type of O-linked oligosaccharide has been discovered on several proteins secreted by the Gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium meningosepticum, including Endo F2 (three sites), Endo F3 (one site), and a P40 protease (one site). The oligosaccharide moiety is covalently attached via a mannose residue to a serine or threonine at consensus sites corresponding to Asp-Ser* or Asp-Thr*-Thr. Preliminary characterization by mass spectroscopy revealed an oligosaccharide of 1244 Da at each of the proposed glycosylation sites. Collision-associated dissociation analysis showed a characteristic daughter ion series of m/z 218, 394, and 556, indicative of a common Flavobacterium oligosaccharide. Compositional analysis demonstrated an unusual profile of monosaccharides, including hexoses, methylated hexoses, and uronic acid derivatives.
3-Dimensional Submicron Polymerization of Acrylamide by Multiphoton Excitation of Xanthene Dyes (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXT3-Dimensional Submicron Polymerization of Acrylamide by Multiphoton Excitation of Xanthene DyesPaul J. Campagnola, David M. Delguidice, Gary A. Epling, Kurt D. Hoffacker, Amy R. Howell, Jonathan D. Pitts, and Steven L. GoodmanView Author Information Department of Physiology and Center for Biomedical Imaging Technology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, Department of Chemistry, Stamford High, Stamford, Connecticut, Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, and Center for Biomaterials, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030 Cite this: Macromolecules 2000, 33, 5, 1511–1513Publication Date (Web):February 4, 2000Publication History Received29 June 1999Revised9 November 1999Published online4 February 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ma991042eCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views976Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (89 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Fluorescence,Lasers,Manufacturing,Polymerization,Power Get e-Alerts
Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (2007)

This study presents the first prevalence estimates of the BPD spectrum in a probability sample of the United States. Subthreshold BPD is common, clinically significant, and underdetected in treatment settings. Inappropriate treatment of BPD is a serious problem in the US population. Explicit criteria are needed to define subthreshold BPD for future clinical and research purposes.