gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human age estimation using bio-inspired features (2009)

We investigate the biologically inspired features (BIF) for human age estimation from faces. As in previous bio-inspired models, a pyramid of Gabor filters are used at all positions of the input image for the S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> units. But unlike previous models, we find that the pre-learned prototypes for the S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> layer and then progressing to C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> cannot work well for age estimation. We also propose to use Gabor filters with smaller sizes and suggest to determine the number of bands and orientations in a problem-specific manner, rather than using a predefined number. More importantly, we propose a new operator “STD” to encode the aging subtlety on faces. Evaluated on the large database YGA with 8,000 face images and the public available FG-NET database, our approach achieves significant improvements in age estimation accuracy over the state-of-the-artmethods. By applying our system to some Internet face images, we show the robustness of our method and the potential of cross-race age estimation, which has not been explored by any studies before.
A message-based discrete event simulation architecture (1997)

This paper presents a message-based discrete event simulation architecture. It will examine each of the different types of messages used to schedule events, transfer items through the model, and resolve logic issues. Additional information is also presented on the supporting data structures.
AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM (2007)

The development of a transformation system is a significant technical hurdle in the study of many filamentous fungi. Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been shown to transform yeasts, fungi and even human cells. By using this transformation system, filamentous fungus Trichoderma harzianum was successfully transformed with an efficiency of 60-110 transformants per 107 spores. PCR and Southern analysis showed that the T-DNA was integrated into the genome. The transformants contained a single copy that was stable through mitotic cell division. The tranformation system mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens may prove to be a powerful tool for filamentous fungi transformation and also for functional genomic study due to its high transformation frequency, simplicity of T-DNA integration, and genetic stability of transformants. These findings should facilitate future study of T. harzianum and stimulate wider use of this valuable transformation method in fungal research.
Putrescine Oxidase of Micrococcus Rubens: Primary Structure and Escherichia Coli (1993)

The flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-containing putrescine oxidase of Micrococcus rubens catalyses the oxidative deamination of putrescine. The amino acid sequences of the NH2-termini of the mature enzyme and lysyl-endopeptidase-generated fragments were determined for preparation of synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes for cloning. A 4.4 kb BamHI fragment which contained DNA sequences hybridizing to the probes was cloned in pUC19 in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence together with the determined amino acid sequences revealed that this enzyme consists of 480 amino acids (M(r) 52,000) and contains an FAD-binding consensus sequence at its NH2-terminal portion. In front of the transcriptional start point, which is 28 bases upstream of the initiation codon as determined by primer extension, -35 and -10 sequences similar to typical prokaryotic promoter consensus sequences are present. E. coli JM109 containing the putrescine oxidase gene just downstream of the lac promoter in pUC18 produced a large amount of this protein when grown at 37 degrees C but in the enzymically inactive form of inclusion bodies. However, cultivation of the recombinant E. coli cells at temperatures below 30 degrees C led to production of active enzyme (20 times as much as produced by the original M. rubens strain).
Highly Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Phosphorescent Emitters Having High Quantum Yield and Horizontal Orientation of Transition Dipole Moments (2014)

Ancillary ligands in heteroleptic iridium complexes significantly influence the orientation of the transition dipole moments. Ir(ppy)3, a homoleptic iridium complex, exhibits isotropic dipole orientation, whereas the heteroleptic Ir complexes of Ir(ppy)2tmd show a highly preferred dipole orientation (78%) in the horizontal direction. In addition, we demonstrate an unprecedented highly efficient green OLED exhibiting an EQE of 32.3% and a power efficiency of 142.5 lm/W by using an emitter with high quantum yield and horizontally oriented dipoles. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Peptide characterization using bioreactive mass spectrometer probe tips (1995)

A method has been developed for the rapid and sensitive mass spectrometric characterization of peptides. The approach uses bioreactive mass spectrometer probe tips, incorporating covalently bound enzymes, which are capable of modifying biomolecules for analytical purposes. In the demonstrated cases, enzymatic proteolysis is initiated upon application of analyte to the probe tips, time is allowed for digestion, and the products are analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The probe tips have been used for proteolytic mapping and partial sequence determination of picomole quantities of peptide. Analysis times were approximately 30 min. Two methods of database search were utilized. The first used limited peptide sequence information and parent molecular weight, while the second used exclusively the molecular weights of a number of endoproteolytic fragments. A simple method of comparing the match of experimental data for a tryptic digest with the results of a search is described.
Acetylsalicylic Acid Reduces Vegetation Bacterial Density, Hematogenous Bacterial Dissemination, and Frequency of Embolic Events in Experimental Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis Through Antiplatelet and Antibacterial Effects (1999)

ASA reduces several principal indicators of severity and metastatic events in experimental S aureus endocarditis. These benefits involve ASA effects on both the platelet and the microbe.
Nuclear Accumulation of beta-Catenin Is a Common and Early Event During Neoplastic Progression of Barrett Esophagus (2000)

Our aim was to characterize expression and mutation of beta-catenin in the progression of Barrett esophagus to adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis of beta-catenin was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue from 30 cases with adenocarcinomas and premalignant lesions. To determine whether there is a correlation between beta-catenin nuclear accumulation and exon 3 mutation of this gene, mutational analysis by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism was performed on DNA extracted from the same 30 adenocarcinomas. As a result, the prevalence of reduced expression of beta-catenin on the membrane, with or without nuclear staining, increased significantly from low-grade (LG) to high-grade (HG) dysplasia. Focal nuclear staining for beta-catenin was present in 19 cases of adenocarcinoma, and nuclear staining was associated significantly with progression from metaplasia to LG dysplasia. In addition, in glands with clear histologic transition from metaplasia to LG dysplasia, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin was found only in the LG dysplastic areas. No mutation in exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene was detected in adenocarcinomas. These results demonstrate that disturbance of the APC/beta-catenin pathway, as indicated by nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin, is a common and early event during neoplastic progression in Barrett esophagus.
Lipid and polymeric carrier-mediated nucleic acid delivery (2010)

A thorough understanding of biological barriers and the structure-activity relationship of lipid and polymeric carriers is the key for effective nucleic acid therapy.
Prevalence of gene sequences coding for hypervariable regions of Opa (protein II) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1991)

Opas (protein IIs) are a family of surface-exposed proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Each strain of N. gonorrhoeae has multiple (10-11) genes encoding for Opas. Identifiable elements in opa genes include the coding repeat within the signal sequence, conserve 5' and 3' regions, and hypervariable regions (HV1 and HV2) located within the structural gene. N. gonorrhoeae strains appear to have many biological properties in common that are either HV-region-mediated or associated with the presence of specific HV regions, suggesting that HV regions could be found in many clinical isolates. Oligonucleotides from three source strains representing three conserved regions of opa, 12 HV1 regions, and 14 HV2 regions were used by dot blot analysis to probe 120 clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. The probe for the coding repeat hybridized to all 120 strains, the 3' conserved-region probe reacted with 98% of the strains, and the 5' conserved-region probe with 90% of the strains. Nine HV1 probes hybridized to 3.3-39.2% of the strains, and 13 of the HV2 probes hybridized to 1.7-25% of the isolates. Analysis of the number of probes that hybridized to each of the isolates showed that 19% did not hybridize with any of the HV1 probes and 25% did not hybridize with any of the HV2 probes. Approximately three-quarters of the isolates hybridized with one, two or three of the HV1 probes or one, two or three of the HV2 probes; 89% of the isolates hybridized to least one HV1 or one HV2 probe. The data indicate that some genes encoding HV regions of N. gonorrhoeae Opa proteins are widely distributed in nature.
Differential DNA accessibility to polymerase enables 30-minute phenotypic β-lactam antibiotic susceptibility testing of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (2020)

The rise in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections has created a global health emergency, underlining the critical need to develop faster diagnostics to treat swiftly and correctly. Although rapid pathogen-identification (ID) tests are being developed, gold-standard antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) remains unacceptably slow (1-2 d), and innovative approaches for rapid phenotypic ASTs for CREs are urgently needed. Motivated by this need, in this manuscript we tested the hypothesis that upon treatment with β-lactam antibiotics, susceptible Enterobacteriaceae isolates would become sufficiently permeabilized, making some of their DNA accessible to added polymerase and primers. Further, we hypothesized that this accessible DNA would be detectable directly by isothermal amplification methods that do not fully lyse bacterial cells. We build on these results to develop the polymerase-accessibility AST (pol-aAST), a new phenotypic approach for β-lactams, the major antibiotic class for gram-negative infections. We test isolates of the 3 causative pathogens of CRE infections using ceftriaxone (CRO), ertapenem (ETP), and meropenem (MEM) and demonstrate agreement with gold-standard AST. Importantly, pol-aAST correctly categorized resistant isolates that are undetectable by current genotypic methods (negative for β-lactamase genes or lacking predictive genotypes). We also test contrived and clinical urine samples. We show that the pol-aAST can be performed in 30 min sample-to-answer using contrived urine samples and has the potential to be performed directly on clinical urine specimens.
P‐78: Characteristics and Driving Scheme of Polymer‐Stabilized Monostable FLCD Exhibiting Fast Response Time and High Contrast Ratio with Gray‐Scale Capability (1998)

Abstract We have fabricated a zig‐zag defect‐free surface‐stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal display (SSFLCD) by using a newly developed polyamide(PI) alignment film and by adopting polymer stabilization with a polymer network with mesogenic side chains. The fabricated polymer‐stabilized (PS) SSFLCD exhibits high contrast ratio (230:1) and fast response speed (τ=40 μs) with perfect grayscale capability. The developed PI films were characterized by surface morphology study with an AFM and by switching characteristics of FLC cells. We suggest that the freedom of zig‐zag defect of the SSFLC cells is attributed to the smoothness of the rubbed PI films. We have developed a new driving scheme for our monostable FLCD that has an asymmetric electrooptical characteristics. Further, we have developed a prototype experimental of field sequential full color LCD using our monostable FLCD.
Pyrimidine tract binding protein strongly stimulates in vitro encephalomyocarditis virus RNA translation at the level of preinitiation complex formation (1994)

Cellular protein p57/58, now known to be identical to polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB), has earlier been shown to specifically bind to the internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and some other picornaviral RNAs. To elucidate its relevance to the internal initiation, the effect of cloned purified PTB on EMCV IRES directed translation was studied in cytoplasmic extracts of Krebs-2 ascites carcinoma cells partially depleted of endogenous PTB. Addition of PTB to such extracts resulted in a strong stimulation of translation of a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter cistron fused to the EMCV IRES, but had no effect on translation of capped mRNAs, such as beta-globin, and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNAs. PTB was found to exert its effect at the level of 48S pre-initiation complex formation.
An Independently Biased 3-stack GaN HEMT Configuration for 5G Mobile Networks (2019)

In this paper, we propose an independently biased 3-stack GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) configuration which can be utilized to design key amplifiers including microwave intermediate amplifier, low-noise amplifier and power amplifier of transceivers for 5G mobile networks. Both the small-signal and large-signal performance of the proposed configuration are investigated in comparison with other configurations including single stage, cascode and conventional 3-stack. The investigated results show that, thanks to the independently biased technique, the proposed configuration can offer better performance compared with other configurations. In term of small-signal performance, the proposed 3-stack configuration exhibits superior isolation, stability and maximum available gain. In addition, in term of large-signal performance it exhibits superior output power, power gain, efficiency and linearity over the other configurations. These superior performances are investigated at the 5G frequency bands. This makes the proposed circuit configuration to be an excellent candidate for designing important amplifiers of the 5G mobile networks.
The Role of Endomyocardial Biopsy in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease (2007)

The role of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) in the diagnosis and treatment of adult and pediatric cardiovascular disease remains controversial, and the practice varies widely even among cardiovascular centers of excellence. A need for EMB exists because specific myocardial disorders that have unique prognoses and treatment are seldom diagnosed by noninvasive testing.1 Informed clinical decision making that weighs the risks of EMB against the incremental diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of the procedure is especially challenging for nonspecialists because the relevant published literature is usually cited according to specific cardiac diseases, which are only diagnosed after EMB
<title>Implicit CAPTCHAs</title> (2005)

We propose a design methodology for "implicit" CAPTCHAs to relieve drawbacks of present technology. CAPTCHAs are tests administered automatically over networks that can distinguish between people and machines and thus protect web services from abuse by programs masquerading as human users. All existing CAPTCHAs' challenges require a significant conscious effort by the person answering them -- <i>e.g.</i> reading and typing a nonsense word -- whereas implicit CAPTCHAs may require as little as a single click. Many CAPTCHAs distract and interrupt users, since the challenge is perceived as an irrelevant intrusion; implicit CAPTCHAs can be woven into the expected sequence of browsing using cues tailored to the site. Most existing CAPTCHAs are vulnerable to "farming-out" attacks in which challenges are passed to a networked community of human readers; by contrast, implicit CAPTCHAs are not "fungible" (in the sense of easily answerable in isolation) since they are meaningful only in the specific context of the website that is protected. Many existing CAPTCHAs irritate or threaten users since they are obviously tests of skill: implicit CAPTCHAs appear to be elementary and inevitable acts of browsing. It can often be difficult to detect when CAPTCHAs are under attack: implicit CAPTCHAs can be designed so that certain failure modes are correlated with failed bot attacks. We illustrate these design principles with examples.
Inverse Z‐spectrum analysis for spillover‐, MT‐, and T1‐corrected steady‐state pulsed CEST‐MRI – application to pH‐weighted MRI of acute stroke (2014)

Endogenous chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects are always diluted by competing effects, such as direct water proton saturation (spillover) and semi-solid macromolecular magnetization transfer (MT). This leads to unwanted T2 and MT signal contributions that lessen the CEST signal specificity to the underlying biochemical exchange processes. A spillover correction is of special interest for clinical static field strengths and protons resonating near the water peak. This is the case for all endogenous CEST agents, such as amide proton transfer, -OH-CEST of glycosaminoglycans, glucose or myo-inositol, and amine exchange of creatine or glutamate. All CEST effects also appear to be scaled by the T1 relaxation time of water, as they are mediated by the water pool. This forms the motivation for simple metrics that correct the CEST signal. Based on eigenspace theory, we propose a novel magnetization transfer ratio (MTRRex ), employing the inverse Z-spectrum, which eliminates spillover and semi-solid MT effects. This metric can be simply related to Rex , the exchange-dependent relaxation rate in the rotating frame, and ka , the inherent exchange rate. Furthermore, it can be scaled by the duty cycle, allowing for simple translation to clinical protocols. For verification, the amine proton exchange of creatine in solutions with different agar concentrations was studied experimentally at a clinical field strength of 3 T, where spillover effects are large. We demonstrate that spillover can be properly corrected and that quantitative evaluation of pH and creatine concentration is possible. This proves that MTRRex is a quantitative and biophysically specific CEST-MRI metric. Applied to acute stroke induced in rat brain, the corrected CEST signal shows significantly higher contrast between the stroke area and normal tissue, as well as less B1 dependence, than conventional approaches.
Simple Behavioral Assessment of Mouse Olfaction (2009)

This unit presents two basic protocols that offer rapid assessments of anosmia (the absence of a sense of smell) in mice. The buried food test is used to check for the ability to smell volatile odors. The olfactory habituation/dishabituation test is used to test whether the animal can detect and differentiate different odors, including both nonsocial and social odors. A non-contact method of odor presentation, along with a general method for collecting urine samples, is given as an alternate protocol. The tests described in this unit only require simple equipment and can be adopted readily by most laboratories.
Specific interactions outside the proline-rich core of two classes of Src homology 3 ligands. (1995)

Two dodecapeptides belonging to distinct classes of Src homology 3 (SH3) ligands and selected from biased phage display libraries were used to investigate interactions between a specificity pocket in the Src SH3 domain and ligant residues flanking the proline-rich core. The solution structures of c-Src SH3 complexed with these peptides were solved by NMR. In addition to proline-rich, polyproline type II helix-forming core, the class I and II ligands each possesses a flanking sequence that occupies a large pocket between the RT and n-Src loops of the SH3 domain. Structural and mutational analyses illustrate how the two classes of SH3 ligands exploit a specificity pocket on the receptor differently to increase binding affinity and specificity.
The automatic improvement of locality in storage systems (2005)

Disk I/O is increasingly the performance bottleneck in computer systems despite rapidly increasing disk data transfer rates. In this article, we propose Automatic Locality-Improving Storage (ALIS), an introspective storage system that automatically reorganizes selected disk blocks based on the dynamic reference stream to increase effective storage performance. ALIS is based on the observations that sequential data fetch is far more efficient than random access, that improving seek distances produces only marginal performance improvements, and that the increasingly powerful processors and large memories in storage systems have ample capacity to reorganize the data layout and redirect the accesses so as to take advantage of rapid sequential data transfer. Using trace-driven simulation with a large set of real workloads, we demonstrate that ALIS considerably outperforms prior techniques, improving the average read performance by up to 50% for server workloads and by about 15% for personal computer workloads. We also show that the performance improvement persists as disk technology evolves. Since disk performance in practice is increasing by only about 8% per year, the benefit of ALIS may correspond to as much as several years of technological progress.
Migration of Arterial Wall Cells (1996)

The expression of plasminogen activators and inhibitors was examined in denuded arteries. Within 5 days, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) on the luminal surface expressed the mRNA for tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA), urokinase type plasminogen (UPA), the receptor for UPA (UPAR), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1). Similar results were seen after 8 days. Six weeks later, only TPA mRNA was still expressed by SMCs on the luminal surface. En face casein zymograms revealed a net fibrinolytic activity in areas covered with luminal SMCs. Reverse zymography showed no antifibrinolytic activity in these zones. Quiescent endothelial cells did not express TPA, UPA, UPAR, or PAI-1 mRNA. Regenerating endothelium at the wound edge strongly expressed TPA. UPA, and UPAR, as well as PAI-1. UPA and UPAR expression was highly restricted to cells at the wound edge and was not present elsewhere. En face zymography showed no plasmin activity in endothelialized areas, and reverse zymography showed a net fibrinolytic activity in endothelialized zones. These results suggest that plasminogen activator and inhibitor expression correlates with the migration of both SMCs and endothelial cells into an arterial wound.
Better I/O through byte-addressable, persistent memory (2009)

Modern computer systems have been built around the assumption that persistent storage is accessed via a slow, block-based interface. However, new byte-addressable, persistent memory technologies such as phase change memory (PCM) offer fast, fine-grained access to persistent storage.