gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiogenesis promoted by vascular endothelial growth factor: Regulation through α1β1and α2β1 integrins (1997)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor, is a cytokine of central importance for the angiogenesis associated with cancers and other pathologies. Because angiogenesis often involves endothelial cell (EC) migration and proliferation within a collagen-rich extracellular matrix, we investigated the possibility that VEGF promotes neovascularization through regulation of collagen receptor expression. VEGF induced a 5- to 7-fold increase in dermal microvascular EC surface protein expression of two collagen receptors-the alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 integrins-through induction of mRNAs encoding the alpha1 and alpha2 subunits. In contrast, VEGF did not induce increased expression of the alpha3beta1 integrin, which also has been implicated in collagen binding. Integrin alpha1-blocking and alpha2-blocking antibodies (Ab) each partially inhibited attachment of microvascular EC to collagen I, and alpha1-blocking Ab also inhibited attachment to collagen IV and laminin-1. Induction of alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 expression by VEGF promoted cell spreading on collagen I gels which was abolished by a combination of alpha1-blocking and alpha2-blocking Abs. In vivo, a combination of alpha1-blocking and alpha2-blocking Abs markedly inhibited VEGF-driven angiogenesis; average cross-sectional area of individual new blood vessels was reduced 90% and average total new vascular area was reduced 82% without detectable effects on the pre-existing vasculature. These data indicate that induction of alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 expression by EC is an important mechanism by which VEGF promotes angiogenesis and that alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 antagonists may prove effective in inhibiting VEGF-driven angiogenesis in cancers and other important pathologies.
Autocrine Secretion and Malignant Transformation of Cells (1980)

The growth of normal cells is largely controlled by the interplay between several polypeptide hormones and hormone-like growth factors that are present in tissue fluids.1 Many new polypeptide growth factors have recently been identified in blood, serum, tissue fluids, and cellular extracts.2 ,23 Malignant cells, however, are not subject to all the same growth controls as are normal cells. In general, malignant cells require less of these exogenous growth factors than do their normal counterparts for optimal growth and multiplication, and it has been suggested that "transformed or malignant cells escape from normal growth controls by requiring less of [such] hormones . . .
Comparison Between Adenoviral and Retroviral Vectors for the Transduction of the Thymidine Kinase PET Reporter Gene in Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2008)

Our results demonstrate the feasibility of infecting MSCs with adenoviruses and retroviruses expressing the HSV1-tk PRG and suggest that infected MSCs can be noninvasively imaged with 18F-FHBG and small-animal PET after their transplantation into living animals.
Molecular Modeling and Biochemical Characterization Reveal the Mechanism of Hepatitis B Virus Polymerase Resistance to Lamivudine (3TC) and Emtricitabine (FTC) (2001)

Success in treating hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with nucleoside analog drugs like lamivudine is limited by the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains upon prolonged therapy. The predominant lamivudine resistance mutations in HBV-infected patients are Met552IIe and Met552Val (Met552Ile/Val), frequently in association with a second mutation, Leu528Met. The effects of Leu528Met, Met552Ile, and Met552Val mutations on the binding of HBV polymerase inhibitors and the natural substrate dCTP were evaluated using an in vitro HBV polymerase assay. Susceptibility to lamivudine triphosphate (3TCTP), emtricitabine triphosphate (FTCTP), adefovir diphosphate, penciclovir triphosphate, and lobucavir triphosphate was assessed by determination of inhibition constants (K(i)). Recognition of the natural substrate, dCTP, was assessed by determination of Km values. The results from the in vitro studies were as follows: (i) dCTP substrate binding was largely unaffected by the mutations, with Km changing moderately, only in a range of 0.6 to 2.6-fold; (ii) K(i)s for 3TCTP and FTCTP against Met552Ile/Val mutant HBV polymerases were increased 8- to 30-fold; and (iii) the Leu528Met mutation had a modest effect on direct binding of these beta-L-oxathiolane ring-containing nucleotide analogs. A three-dimensional homology model of the catalytic core of HBV polymerase was constructed via extrapolation from retroviral reverse transcriptase structures. Molecular modeling studies using the HBV polymerase homology model suggested that steric hindrance between the mutant amino acid side chain and lamivudine or emtricitabine could account for the resistance phenotype. Specifically, steric conflict between the Cgamma2-methyl group of Ile or Val at position 552 in HBV polymerase and the sulfur atom in the oxathiolane ring (common to both beta-L-nucleoside analogs lamivudine and emtricitabine) is proposed to account for the resistance observed upon Met552Ile/Val mutation. The effects of the Leu528Met mutation, which also occurs near the HBV polymerase active site, appeared to be less direct, potentially involving rearrangement of the deoxynucleoside triphosphate-binding pocket residues. These modeling results suggest that nucleotide analogs that are beta-D-enantiomers, that have the sulfur replaced by a smaller atom, or that have modified or acyclic ring systems may retain activity against lamivudine-resistant mutants, consistent with the observed susceptibility of these mutants to adefovir, lobucavir, and penciclovir in vitro and adefovir in vivo.
Development of rapid and sensitive high throughput pharmacologic assays for marine phycotoxins (1994)

The lack of rapid, high throughput assays is a major obstacle to many aspects of research on marine phycotoxins. Here we describe the application of microplate scintillation technology to develop high throughput assays for several classes of marine phycotoxin based on their differential pharmacologic actions. High throughput "drug discovery" format microplate receptor binding assays developed for brevetoxins/ciguatoxins and for domoic acid are described. Analysis for brevetoxins/ciguatoxins is carried out by binding competition with [3H] PbTx-3 for site 5 on the voltage dependent sodium channel in rat brain synaptosomes. Analysis of domoic acid is based on binding competition with [3H] kainic acid for the kainate/quisqualate glutamate receptor using frog brain synaptosomes. In addition, a high throughput microplate 45Ca flux assay for determination of maitotoxins is described. These microplate assays can be completed within 3 hours, have sensitivities of less than 1 ng, and can analyze dozens of samples simultaneously. The assays have been demonstrated to be useful for assessing algal toxicity and for assay-guided purification of toxins, and are applicable to the detection of biotoxins in seafood.
Electronic slide matching and enhancement of a lecture video (2007)

This paper presents an automatic method to enhance video presentations for distance learning applications. From a material recorded by a fixed, non professional camera, the system matches the slides displayed during the presentation with their electronic versions. The process to achieve slide recognition consists of two phases. In the first phase, the location where the slides are displayed is located by colour matching. Then a shot detection is performed in the display area and a frame is selected for each slide displayed in the video. The second phase consists of matching the frames previously selected to the electronic version of the slides. Using correlation measure, a likelihood is computed for each electronic slide to correspond to the slides displayed in the frames selected. A prior distribution is then defined to model the probability of each possible slide transition. Finally the most probable sequence of slides displayed in the video is determined using the Viterbi algorithm. The results show that the method presented is robust against luminance conditions, occlusion by the lecturer and can be performed for a large variety of presentations.
Explosive driven ferroelectric generators (2001)

Explosive driven ferroelectric generators (EDFEGs) are compact power sources that have been considered for use as seed sources for magnetocumulative generators, as well as prime power sources. Shock waves generated by high explosives are used to shock depolarize ferroelectric materials, which results in a voltage pulse being delivered to a load. These generators have been experimentally investigated at Texas Tech University. Data from these experiments was used to benchmark a code developed at the Institute of Electromagnetic Research. In this paper, a description of the simulation and a comparison of the experimental and simulation results are presented.
Intramuscular high-dose triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of severe chronic asthma. (1997)

We describe our experience with administering intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide to 22 steroid-dependent patients with asthma. These patients represent the minority of those with asthma whose disease is characterized by frequent emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and long-term dependency on oral corticosteroid therapy. The participants were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups, one group receiving 120 mg of intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide, the second receiving 360 mg as a series of three 120-mg daily doses. We determined relative efficacy by comparing peak expiratory flow rates and incidents of emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and ventilatory failure of the study and during the 12 months before enrollment. Peak expiratory flow rates improved significantly in both groups. The mean (+/- standard deviation [SD]) monthly percentage of predicted peak expiratory flow on the study was 88.6 +/- 3.7% and 91.2 +/- 3.9% compared with 63 +/- 15.1% and 64 +/- 14.5% at entry in patients receiving 120 and 360 mg, respectively (P < 0.02). Patients receiving 120 mg required 8 hospital stays and 8 emergency department visits compared with 27 hospital stays and 72 emergency department visits in the previous year (P < 0.05). Patients receiving 360 mg required 5 hospital stays and 5 emergency department visits compared with 33 hospital stays and 34 emergency department visits in the previous year (P < 0.05). The average monthly interval (+/- SD) between exacerbations was 2.7 +/- 2.3 and 7.8 +/- 3.5 for patients receiving 120 mg and 360 mg, respectively. A total of 25 intubations was required in the previous year and only 1 during the study. The incidence of cushingoid facies, weight gain, and hypertension was reduced in both groups (P < 0.05). Total steroid use was reduced in both groups (P < 0.02). A dose of 360 mg produced a longer exacerbation-free period than 120 mg (P < 0.02).
Collection, separation and cryopreservation of umbilical cord blood for use in transplantation. (1994)

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is limited by the paucity of HLA-matched donors and the frequent occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Recent clinical reports have implied that the use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) may alleviate some of the problems associated with BMT. Banks of frozen UCB could make the problem of finding suitable stem cell donors easier and stem cell grafts would be more readily available. However, definitive experiments are needed to develop optimal methods for collection, separation and storage of cryopreserved UCB for extended periods of time. We have found that several simple techniques may be utilized to collect large volumes of UCB (up to 220 ml). Also, modification of a common density gradient separation method permits recovery of large quantities of UCB mononuclear cells. Finally, we have examined the effects of prolonged frozen storage on the ability to recover viable and functional UCB, particularly stem/progenitor cells. It was observed that storage of UCB in liquid nitrogen for as long as 7 years had minimal effects on cell viability, cellular composition of UCB and progenitor/stem cell capacity. Thus, the establishment of UCB banks for use in transplantation appears to be a feasible approach.
Operational Amplifiers; Design and Applications (1971)

Operational amplifiers: design and applications , Operational amplifiers: design and applications , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Activation of Growth Factor Receptors in Esophageal Cancer—Implications for Therapy (2007)

Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive disease and is the seventh most common cause of cancer-related death in the western world. Worldwide, it ranks as the sixth most frequent cause of cancer death. Despite advances in surgical techniques and treatment, the prognosis of esophageal cancer remains poor, with very few long-term survivors. The need for novel strategies to detect esophageal cancer earlier and to improve current therapy is urgent. It is well established that growth factors and growth factor receptor-mediated signaling pathways are important components of the transformation process in many forms of cancer, including esophageal cancer. With the recent advances in drug development, there are emerging possibilities to use growth factor signal transduction pathways in targeted therapy. This review provides a summary of the role of growth factors and their receptors in esophageal cancer and discusses their potential roles as biomarkers and as targets in therapy.
DENIM: An Informal Web Site Design Tool Inspired by Observations of Practice (2003)

Abstract Through a study of Web site design practice, we observed that designers employ multiple representations of Web sites as they progress through the design process and that these representations allow them to focus on different aspects of the design. In particular, we observed that Web site designers focus their design efforts at 3 different levels of granularity-site map, storyboard, and individual page-and that designers sketch at all levels during the early stages of design. Sketching on paper is especially important during the early phases of a project, when designers wish to explore many design possibilities quickly without focusing on low-level details. Existing Web design tools do not support such exploration tasks well, nor do they adequately integrate multiple site representations. Informed by these observations we developed DENIM: an informal Web site design tool that supports early phase information and navigation design of Web sites. It supports sketching input, allows design at different levels of granularity, and unifies the levels through zooming. Designers are able to interact with their sketched designs as if in a Web browser, thus allowing rapid creation and exploration of interactive prototypes. Based on an evaluation with professional designers as well as usage feedback from users who have downloaded DENIM from the Internet, we have made numerous improvements to the system and have received many positive reactions from designers who would like to use a system like DENIM in their work.
Endometrial ability to implant in ectopic sites can be prevented by interleukin-12 in a murine model of endometriosis (1999)

Immune dysfunctions in endometriosis are widely documented but the effectiveness of immunotherapies for the management of the disease is still debated. Progress in this field has also been limited by the lack of an appropriate animal model of the disease. In this study, we created a model of endometriosis in immunocompetent mice to verify the ability of endometrium to implant in ectopic sites and to investigate the potential application of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-12 in preventing this ectopic implantation. Endometriotic lesions were induced in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice by inoculating syngenic endometrial fragments through a small laparotomic incision into the peritoneal space. All the animals challenged with syngenic endometrium showed evidence of peritoneal endometriosis at 3 weeks. Histologically, endometriotic lesions consisted of cystic endometrial glands surrounded by a stroma. Intraperitoneal injection of IL-12 was able to reduce total weight and total surface area of endometriotic lesions respectively of 77 and 61% in C57BL/6 and of 42 and 28% in BALB/c mice. These results demonstrate that IL-12 is able to induce a significant prevention of ectopic endometrial implantation in an in-vivo model of endometriosis. These findings support the possibility of using the immune system to generate novel therapies for the management of the disease.
Production, Purification, and Characterization of a Mg2+-Responsive Porphobilinogen Synthase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1999)

During tetrapyrrole biosynthesis the metalloenzyme porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS) catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of 5-aminolevulinic acid to form the pyrrole porphobilinogen. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PBGS was synthesized in Escherichia coli, and the enzyme was purified as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST). After removal of GST, a molecular mass of 280 000 +/- 10 000 with a Stokes radius of 57 A was determined for native PBGS, indicating a homooctameric structure of the enzyme. Mg2+ stabilized the oligomeric state but was not essential for octamer formation. Alteration of N-terminal amino acids changed the oligomeric state and reduced the activity of the enzyme, revealing the importance of this region for oligomerization and activity. EDTA treatment severely inhibited enzymatic activity which could be completely restored by the addition of Mg2+ or Mn2+. At concentrations in the micromolar range Co2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ partially restored EDTA-inhibited enzymatic activity while higher concentrations of Zn2+ inhibited the enzyme. Pb2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+ did not restore activity. A stimulatory effect of monovalent ions was observed. A Km of 0.33 mM for ALA and a maximal specific activity of 60 micromol h-1 mg-1 at the pH optimum of 8.6 in the presence of Mg2+ and K+ were found. pH-dependent kinetic studies were combined with protein modifications to determine the structural basis of two observed pKa values of approximately 7.9 (pKa1) and 9.5 (pKa2). These are postulated respectively as ionization of an active site lysine residue and of free substrate during catalysis. Some PBGS inhibitors were characterized. Finally, we succeeded in obtaining well-ordered crystals of P. aeruginosa PBGS complexed with the substrate analogue levulinic acid.
Nile blue A as a fluorescent stain for poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (1982)

Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate granules exhibited a strong orange fluorescence when stained with Nile blue A. Heat-fixed cells were treated with 1% Nile blue A for 10 min and were observed at an excitation wavelength of 460 nm. Glycogen and polyphosphate did not stain. Nile blue A appears to be a more specific stain for poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate than Sudan black B.
Nucleosides and nucleotides. XLVII. Conformation of purine mucleosides and their 5'-phosphates (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleosides and nucleotides. XLVII. Conformation of purine mucleosides and their 5'-phosphatesMorio Ikehara, Seiichi Uesugi, and Katsumi YoshidaCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 5, 830–836Publication Date (Print):February 29, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 29 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00755a023https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00755a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The laminin-derived peptide YIGSR (Tyr–Ile–Gly–Ser–Arg) inhibits human pre-B leukaemic cell growth and dissemination to organs in SCID mice (1999)

The YIGSR (Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg) laminin beta1 chain sequence has an inhibitory effect on tumour growth and the metastasis of melanoma and fibrosarcoma cells. In the present study, we investigated whether the multimeric YIGSR peptide (Ac-Y16) has an antiproliferative effect and/or prevents the metastasis of human pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells (NALM6) in severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice. In in vitro studies, Ac-Y16 significantly inhibited leukaemic cell colony formation and the invasion of NALM6 cells in a Matrigel-based assay. The tumour growth and leukaemic infiltration in peripheral tissues were also analysed in SCID mice 9 weeks after NALM6, Matrigel and Ac-Y16 were subcutaneously co-injected. The weight of the subcutaneous tumours was significantly suppressed by Ac-Y16 in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the leukaemic infiltration was significantly inhibited in all organs with 1.5-2.0 mg of Ac-Y16. Leukaemic infiltrations in the brain were inhibited with 0.5 mg of Ac-Y16, and those in brain and bone marrow were also inhibited with 1.0 mg of Ac-Y16. With Ac-S16, a control-scrambled peptide, the only significant inhibition of the leukaemic infiltration was observed in bone marrow at a much higher dose. These data suggest that the multimeric YIGSR peptide can inhibit the tumour growth and metastasis of leukaemic cells and may be useful as a potential therapeutic reagent for leukaemic infiltrations.
Murine Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2011)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder. The study of diverse mouse models of lupus has provided clues to the etiology of SLE. Spontaneous mouse models of lupus have led to identification of numerous susceptibility loci from which several candidate genes have emerged. Meanwhile, induced models of lupus have provided insight into the role of environmental factors in lupus pathogenesis as well as provided a better understanding of cellular mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of disease. The SLE-like phenotypes present in these models have also served to screen numerous potential SLE therapies. Due to the complex nature of SLE, it is necessary to understand the effect specific targeted therapies have on immune homeostasis. Furthermore, knowledge gained from mouse models will provide novel therapy targets for the treatment of SLE.