gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amygdala reactivity predicts adolescent antisocial behavior but not callous-unemotional traits (2017)

Recent neuroimaging studies have suggested divergent relationships between antisocial behavior (AB) and callous-unemotional (CU) traits and amygdala reactivity to fearful and angry facial expressions in adolescents. However, little work has examined if these findings extend to dimensional measures of behavior in ethnically diverse, non-clinical samples, or if participant sex, ethnicity, pubertal stage, and age moderate associations. We examined links between amygdala reactivity and dimensions of AB and CU traits in 220 Hispanic and non-Hispanic Caucasian adolescents (age 11-15; 49.5% female; 38.2% Hispanic), half of whom had a family history for depression and thus were at relatively elevated risk for late starting, emotionally dysregulated AB. We found that AB was significantly related to increased right amygdala reactivity to angry facial expressions independent of sex, ethnicity, pubertal stage, age, and familial risk status for depression. CU traits were not related to fear- or anger-related amygdala reactivity. The present study further demonstrates that AB is related to increased amygdala reactivity to interpersonal threat cues in adolescents, and that this relationship generalizes across sex, ethnicity, pubertal stage, age, and familial risk status for depression.
[Expression and Significance of PTPL1 in Hematological Malignancies]. (2014)

PTPL1 is a protein with a predicted MW of 270 kD, and plays a major role in many cellular functions, including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and motility. Evidence has demonstrated that PTPL1 is associated with tumor. Although many conflicting results suggested that PTPL1 has two contradictory effects (supressing or promoting ) on tumor, the real effect depends on the involved substrate and the cellular context. Expression of PTPL1 is low in lymphoma, while it is high in myeloid leukemia. PTPL1 has been regarded as a tumor suppressor in lymphoma, the methylation of PTPL1 promoter leads to gene expression reduced or disappeared, playing a lymphoma tumor suppressor role. This review focuses on PTPL1 domain and its interacting proteins, the relationship between PTPL1 and hematological malignancies.
Identification of a Functional 2-keto-myo-Inositol Dehydratase Gene ofSinorhizobium frediiUSDA191 Required formyo-Inositol Utilization (2006)

Sinorhizobium fredii USDA191 is a Gram-negative bacterium capable of forming nitrogen-fixing nodules on soybean roots. The USDA191 idhA gene encoding myo-inositol dehydrogenase, an enzyme necessary for myo-inositol utilization, is known to be involved in competitive nodulation and nitrogen fixation. In Bacillus subtilis, myo-inositol dehydrogenase catalyzes the first step of the myo-inositol catabolic pathway. Recently iolE was identified as the gene encoding 2-keto-myo-inositol dehydratase, which catalyzes the second step in the pathway. Here we report the presence of 2-keto-myo-inositol dehydratase activity in free-living USDA191 cells cultured in a medium containing myo-inositol. An iolE ortholog was cloned from USDA191. USDA191 iolE was expressed in Escherichia coli as a His(6)-tag fusion and purified to exhibit 2-keto-myo-inositol dehydratase activity. Inactivation of USDA191 iolE led to defective myo-inositol utilization. USDA191 iolE partially complemented a B. subtilis iolE deficient mutant. These results suggest that S. fredii USDA191 utilizes a myo-inositol catabolic pathway, analogous to that of B. subtilis, involving at least idhA and iolE.
Endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide) Neutralization by Innate Immunity Host-Defense Peptides (2005)

Binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to macrophages results in proinflammatory cytokine secretion. In extreme cases it leads to endotoxic shock. A few innate immunity antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) neutralize LPS activity. However, the underlying mechanism and properties of the peptides are not yet clear. Toward meeting this goal we investigated four AMPs and their fluorescently labeled analogs. These AMPs varied in composition, length, structure, and selectivity toward cells. The list included human LL-37 (37-mer), magainin (24-mer), a 15-mer amphipathic alpha-helix, and its D,L-amino acid structurally altered analog. The peptides were investigated for their ability to inhibit LPS-mediated cytokine release from RAW264.7 and bone marrow-derived primary macrophages, to bind LPS in solution, and when LPS is already bound to macrophages (fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal microscopy), to compete with LPS for its binding site on the CD14 receptor (flow cytometry) and affect LPS oligomerization. We conclude that a strong binding of a peptide to LPS aggregates accompanied by aggregate dissociation prevents LPS from binding to the carrier protein lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, or alternatively to its receptor, and hence inhibits cytokine secretion.
Asymmetric organocatalytic methods for the synthesis of tetrahydropyrans and their application in total synthesis (2017)

Recent advancement in the area of asymmetric organocatalysis led to the development of new methodologies for the construction of valuable enantiopure molecules, including various heterocycles. As one of the latter class of compounds tetrahydropyrans (THPs) constitute a core structure of a wide array of bioactive natural products. A noticeable growth has been observed in the asymmetric synthesis of THPs using small organic molecules as catalysts. This Tutorial Review describes the organocatalytic methods available to furnish THPs as well as the application of these methodologies in the total synthesis of THP-based natural products.
B cell stimulatory factor-2 is involved in the differentiation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1988)

The induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from precursor T cells requires both antigen and lymphokine signals. Previous work from our laboratory has indicated that three lymphokines are required for the induction of CTL from murine thymocytes; interleukin 2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and a partially characterized factor referred to as cytotoxic differentiation factor (CDF). While attempting to clone CDF from the human T cell line C10-MJ2, we found that a gene encoding CDF-like activity is identical to the gene encoding the factor known variously as B cell stimulatory factor-2 (BSF-2), IFN-beta 2, and 26-kDa protein. We report here that BSF-2 can induce the differentiation of Ly-2+ CTL from murine thymocytes in the presence of interleukin 2 and that the level of cytotoxicity is augmented by the addition of murine IFN-gamma. Serine esterase, a marker for cytotoxic granules in CTL, was induced only in the presence of BSF-2, and the level of serine esterase activity correlated with the level of serine esterase activity correlated with the level of cytotoxicity. These data suggest that BSF-2 is a differentiation factor for CTL and that it functions in part by inducing proteins required for mediating target cell lysis.
Functional characterization of a unique liver gene promoter. (1994)

Human phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) is specifically expressed in the liver to convert L-phenylalanine to L-tyrosine. Deficiency of the PAH enzyme causes classic phenylketonuria, a common genetic disorder. The human PAH gene has a TATA-less promoter with multiple transcriptional initiation sites. A 9-kilobase DNA fragment 5'-flanking to the human PAH gene is sufficient to confer tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression of a reporter gene in transgenic mice. Deletion studies showed that the -121-base pair proximal promoter still retained a significant level of activity in hepatic cells. At least two protein binding sites, PAH-A and PAH-B, were identified in the proximal region of the human PAH promoter using rat liver nuclear extract. The PAH-A site covers a unique palindromic sequence, and the PAH-B site contains CCCTCCC repeats. Both elements are ubiquitous and essential regulatory elements for transcriptional activity. Nuclear protein factors that bind to the PAH-A and -B sites are detected in different cell types and are distinct from previously characterized transcription factors. No tissue-specific transcription factor binding sites have been detected within the proximal promoter region of the human PAH gene. These results suggest that the PAH gene promoter has a unique organization of regulatory elements for its tissue-specific expression in comparison with other liver gene promoters.
A 19 dBm, 15 Gbaud, 9 bit SOI CMOS Power-DAC Cell for High-Order QAM W-Band Transmitters (2014)

A mm-wave I-Q power-DAC is reported at W-band. The circuit, which is fabricated in a 45 nm SOI CMOS technology, employs a series-stacked Gilbert-cell output stage with gate finger geometry segmentation to directly modulate a 85-95 GHz carrier. The Gilbert-cell provides phase inversion and 7 bits for ASK envelope modulation, each of which can be switched at speeds up to 15 Gb/s. A ninth bit turns the entire DAC cell on and off at 15 Gb/s, as needed to create an arbitrary 15 Gbaud QAM constellation in a symmetrical 4×4 I-Q power-DAC transmitter array, with free-space power combining and antenna-level segmentation. The measured output power and PAE of the I or Q DAC cells are 19 dBm and 8.9%, respectively. Three effective bits of amplitude resolution and one phase bit are estimated from the small-signal S-parameter measurements in the 80-95 GHz range. The envelope amplitude resolution reduces to only two effective bits under saturated output power operation. The OOK bit provides over 45 dB of measured attenuation and dynamic range, relative to the peak output power.
A Complementary Peptide Vaccine That Induces T Cell Anergy and Prevents Experimental Allergic Neuritis in Lewis Rats (1999)

We have developed and described a new method of altering T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases by immunization with the complementary peptide against T cell epitopes. The complementary peptide (denoted NAE 07-06) to the bovine P2 protein, residues 60-70 (denoted EAN 60-70), was tested in the Lewis rat model of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN). Immunization with NAE 07-06 induced polyclonal and monoclonal Abs that inhibited the proliferation of the P2-specific T cell line, stimulated with EAN 60-70, and recognized Vbeta, but not Valpha, of TCRs. Proliferation of T cells treated with anti-NAE 07-06 Abs could be partially restored by treatment with rIL-2, in accordance with an anergy model. A homologous sequence was found between NAE 07-06 and the VDJ junction of the TCR beta-chain from an EAN 60-70-specific T cell line. Rats preimmunized with NAE 07-06 in vivo before EAN induction showed less disease severity clinically and histologically. These data suggest a new therapeutic approach for T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders through the induction of anti-TCR Abs with complementary peptide Ags.
High-Throughput SNP Genotyping by Single-Tube PCR with T m -Shift Primers (2005)

Despite many recent advances in high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping technologies, there is still a great need for inexpensive and flexible methods with a reasonable throughput. Here we report substantial modifications and improvements to an existing homogenous allele-specific PCR-based SNP genotyping method, making it an attractive new option for researchers engaging in candidate gene studies or following up on genome-wide scans. In this advanced version of the melting temperature (Tm)-shift SNP genotyping method, we attach two GC-rich tails of different lengths to allele-specific PCR primers, such that SNP alleles in genomic DNA samples can be discriminated by the Tms of the PCR products. We have validated 306 SNP assays using this method and achieved a success rate in assay development of greater than 83% under uniform PCR conditions. We have developed a standalone software application to automatically assign genotypes directly from melting curve data. To demonstrate the accuracy of this method, we typed 592 individuals for 6 SNPs and showed a high call rate (>98%) and high accuracy (>99.9%). With this method, 6-10,000 samples can be genotyped per day using a single 384-well real-time thermal cycler with 2-4 standard 384-well PCR instruments.
Expression in cytotoxic T lymphocytes of a single-chain anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody. Redirected Fas ligand-mediated lysis of colon carcinoma (1998)

In the MD45 mouse cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) hybridoma cell line, we have expressed a chimeric receptor, consisting of the single-chain variable domains (scFv) of anti-carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) mAb linked to Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) chain via a CD8 hinge. Transfected MD45 subclones lysed CEA-positive human colon carcinoma cell lines in an antigen-specific and FasL-dependent manner. The degree of lysis correlated with the level of chimeric receptor expressed on transduced MD45 subclones. The requirement for an intact Y65TGL motif in the signaling gamma chain suggested that interaction of the chimeric receptor with target cell CEA induced the cytotoxicity of MD45-scFv subclones. However, MD45 expressing a Y65F mutant chimera still displayed minor levels of lysis following PMA stimulation, suggesting that PMA could bypass gamma chain induction of functional FasL. Pretreatment of Fas-resistant CEA-positive colon carcinoma target cells with IFN-gamma increased their sensitivity of MD45-scFv subclones and FasL-mediated lysis. This study has demonstrated the successful activation of FasL function via a chimeric receptor introduced into lymphocytes and the susceptibility of human colon carcinoma to combined cytokine and CTL treatment.
Samarium 3+ -doped glass laser operating at 651 nm (1988)

Laser emission has been observed in a samarium3+-doped silica optical fibre in a Fabry-Perot-type laser cavity. The emission is centred on 651 nm and corresponds to stimulated transitions from the 4G5/2 level to the 6H9/2 level. The fluorescence and absorption associated with the metastable level are seen to be unusually narrow (3nm FWHM) for a trivalent rare earth in a disordered glass structure. The laser has operated in CW and Q-switched modes when pumped with 488 nm light at room temperature.
The Synthesis and Phosphate Adsorptive Properties of Mg(II)–Mn(III) Layered Double Hydroxides and Their Heat-Treated Materials (2004)

Abstract Hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of Mg(II) and Mn(III) were prepared by a co-precipitation/air oxidation method using MgCl2 and MnCl2 as starting materials. Syntheses were studied at different precipitation temperatures and variable starting Mg/Mn ratios. MgMn-LDH were obtained at a preparation temperature below 333 K. Samples prepared at a Mg/Mn ratio of 3 showed a crystalline LDH phase having a basal spacing of 7.85 Å. The LDH prepared at lower Mg/Mn ratios had slightly less crystalline phase, with lower basal spacing. Calcination of MgMn-LDH at 573 K for 4 h in air resulted in a transformation from a layered to an amorphous phase, accompanied by a loss of interlayer water and a partial loss of carbonate ions. Chemical analysis and IR studies showed that oxidation from Mn(III) to Mn(IV) progressed during the calcinations, and that HCO3− was formed in the calcined solid. Equilibrium distribution coefficients (Kd) of different kinds of anions were measured for the uncalcined and calcined samples. The selectivity sequences were Cl− &amp;lt; NO3− &amp;lt; SO42− &amp;lt; HPO42− and Cl−, NO3−, SO42− &amp;lt;&amp;lt; HPO42− for the uncalcined and calcined ones, respectively. The latter had specific selectivity for phosphate ions. The calcined sample showed a maximum phosphate uptake of 1.1 mmol-P/g at a pH around of 8. The pH titration study of the supernatant solution suggested that the phosphate adsorption progresses mainly through the HCO3−/HPO42− ion exchange reaction.
Notes on the Chemotropic Responses of Certain Insects (1928)

This paper discusses very briefly some of the studies on insect chemotropism conducted over a period of 14 years at Clarksville, Tenn. During the period of investigation many different chemicals and substances were tested. The observations and experiments covered insects belonging to several orders including Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Thysanoptera. Though in most instances the results were only indicative, the experiments brought out the fact that hornworm moths were strongly attracted to amyl salicylate and large numbers of moths were caught in the field by placing this chemical in suitable traps. Three types of apparatus are described.
Research on open control architecture of autonomous mobile robot with multi-layer and modularization (2010)

In this paper, basing on the layered agent theory, three-layer distributed robotic control architecture is presented, which is for the requirement of autonomous mobile robot navigation and control in complex environment. Aiming at features of robot navigation in complex environment, control system software and hardware architecture is designed. In this paper, mine rescue robot is taken as example to verify effectiveness of autonomous mobile robot control system.
Human prostate tissue antigens defined by murine monoclonal antibodies. (1986)

BALB/c mice were hyperimmunized against a membrane preparation derived from a pool of transurethral resection specimens which included three benign prostatic hyperplasia and one prostate adenocarcinoma tissue samples. The activated lymphocytes were fused with the NS-1 mouse myeloma cell line, and supernatants from immunogen-reactive hybridomas were screened for antibody binding activity using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay against the Calu-1 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line and several membrane preparations derived from various normal human tissues. Hybridoma cultures secreting antibodies which did not appear cross-reactive were doubly cloned by limiting dilution and screened against a large panel of membrane preparations derived from normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate adenocarcinoma tissues as well as samples obtained from a variety of normal human tissues. The monoclonal antibodies were also evaluated against 24 normal, virally transformed, and malignant human cell lines. Two monoclonal antibodies were isolated which demonstrated a restricted binding activity to prostate antigens and were not widely cross-reactive with nonprostate normal tissues or cell lines. These antibodies were designated TURP-27 (IgG3, k) and TURP-73 (IgG2a, k). Both of these monoclonal antibodies were reactive against formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues in the immunoperoxidase assay and were subsequently tested against a variety of normal, hyperplastic, and malignant human tissues. These studies indicated that TURP-27 may be directed against a new prostate organ-associated marker and that TURP-73 is directed against an antigen expressed on prostate and a limited number of other tissues.
DNA-mediated immunization to the hepatitis B surface antigen in mice: aspects of the humoral response mimic hepatitis B viral infection in humans. (1995)

Intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA expression vectors encoding the three envelope proteins of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) induced humoral responses in C57BL/6 mice specific to several antigenic determinants of the viral envelope. The first antibodies appeared within 1-2 weeks after injection of DNA and included antibodies of the IgM isotype. Over the next few weeks, an IgM to IgG class switch occurred, indicating helper T-lymphocyte activity. Peak IgG titers were reached by 4-8 weeks after a single DNA injection and were maintained for at least 6 months without further DNA injections. The antibodies to the envelope proteins reacted with group- and subtype-specific antigenic determinants of the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). Expression vectors encoding the major (S) and middle (preS2 plus S) envelope proteins induced antibodies specific to the S protein and preS2 domain, and preS2 antibodies were prominent at early time points. In general, the expression vectors induced humoral responses in mice that mimic those observed in humans during the course of natural HBV infection.
Argon and neodymium YAG laser therapy of dark nodular port wine stains in older patients (1986)

Thirty-seven patients of mean age 52 with large dark nodular port wine stains were treated with argon and neodymium YAG lasers. The level of patient satisfaction was high (mean 7.1 on scale of 10) despite residual color in 36 of 37 patients. It was possible to accomplish flattening of the lesion and removal of nodules in all patients. In four patients, it was necessary to use neodymium YAG laser for removal of residual large vascular nodules following previous argon therapy. Twenty-nine patients required a mean number of 1.6 retreatments for residual tufts of vessels. An unusual finding was that of recurrent color deepening of lesion in three patients after initial improvement. This recurrence responded to treatment. Spontaneous bleeding or bleeding initiated by trauma such as shaving was a problem noted in 13 out of 37 patients.
Algorithm for complete and rapid retrieval of ultrashort pulse amplitude and phase from a sonogram (1999)

We describe an algorithm based on principal-component generalized projections that is capable of unambiguous retrieval of the amplitude and phase of an ultrashort pulse from a measurement of its sonogram. Running on a personal computer, the algorithm can complete more than 50 iterations per second which enables real-time display of an ultrashort pulse intensity and phase profile. Retrieval is demonstrated for a range of pulses with commonly encountered phase errors including linear chirp, self-phase modulation, and cubic spectral phase, and experimental results illustrate good agreement between the retrieved pulse characteristics and independent spectral measurements.
Metronidazole has no antibacterial effect in Cornell model murine tuberculosis. (1998)

The O2 tension in the cellular lesions of murine tuberculosis is unlikely to be sufficiently low to allow metronidazole to act. Its activity should be assessed in caseous lesions.
The Toronto Bedside Swallowing Screening Test (TOR-BSST) (2008)

The TOR-BSST is a simple accurate tool to identify stroke patients with dysphagia regardless of severity and setting.
Purification, Metal Cofactor, N‐Terminal Sequence and Subunit Composition of a 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase from the Unicellular Green Alga Scenedesmus obliquus, Mutant C‐2A′ (1996)

5-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase was purified to apparent homogeneity from Scenedesmus obliquus, mutant C-2A', starting with serial affinity chromatography according to Wang et al., followed by separation on DEAE-Cellulose DE 52, TSKgel Toyopearl HW-55 and FPLC on Mono Q. The enzyme was purified 117-fold compared with the initial crude soluble enzyme preparation and showed a final specific activity of 9.17 microkat/kg protein at pH 8.2 at a total recovery of 7%. Mg2+ was determined to be the metal cofactor of the enzyme. It can, to a certain extent, be substituted by other divalent cations. From the purified enzyme the first 15 amino acids of the N-terminus could be determined, showing a moderate similarity to 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratases from spinach, pea, Escherichia coli and yeast. The molecular mass of the native protein was determined by gel filtration to be 282+/-5 kDa. 42+/-1 kDa were ascertained for the subunit size by SDS/PAGE. These investigations, supported by electron microscopy, revealed that the enzyme from Scenedesmus consists of six subunits arranged in a six-membered ring. Additionally, there is some evidence that two of the rings form a sandwich-like complex.