gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ibandronate Reduces Osteolytic Lesions but not Tumor Burden in a Murine Model of Myeloma Bone Disease (1999)

We determined the effects of the potent bisphosphonate ibandronate in a murine model of human myeloma bone disease. In this model, bone lesions typical of the human disease develop in mice following inoculation of myeloma cells via the tail vein. Treatment with ibandronate (4 μg per mouse per day) significantly reduced the occurrence of osteolytic bone lesions in myeloma-bearing mice. However, ibandronate did not prevent the mice from developing hindlimb paralysis and did not produce a detectable effect on survival. There was no significant effect of ibandronate on total myeloma cell burden, as assessed by morphometric measurements of myeloma cells in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen, or by measurement of serum IgG2b levels. These results support clinical findings that bisphosphonates may be useful for the treatment of myeloma-associated bone destruction, but suggest that other therapies are also required to reduce tumor growth.
SYNTHESIS OF 1-(2-PYRIDINE-1-OXIDE)-2-(1-METHYL-2-PYRIDINIUM)-ETHANE CHLORIDE (1991)

"SYNTHESIS OF 1-(2-PYRIDINE-1-OXIDE)-2-(1-METHYL-2-PYRIDINIUM)-ETHANE CHLORIDE." Organic Preparations and Procedures International, 23(1), pp. 114–115
Synergy and Cross-Tolerance Between Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2- and TLR4-Mediated Signaling Pathways (2000)

A family of Toll-like receptor (TLR) mediates the cellular response to bacterial cell wall components; murine TLR2 and TLR4 recognize mycoplasmal lipopeptides (macrophage-activating lipopeptides, 2 kDa (MALP-2)) and LPS, respectively. Costimulation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with MALP-2 and LPS results in a marked increase in TNF-alpha production, showing the synergy between TLR2- and TLR4-mediated signaling pathways. Macrophages pretreated with LPS show hyporesponsiveness to the second LPS stimulation, termed LPS tolerance. The LPS tolerance has recently been shown to be primarily due to the down-regulation of surface expression of the TLR4-MD2 complex. When macrophages were treated with MALP-2, the cells showed hyporesponsiveness to the second MALP-2 stimulation, like LPS tolerance. Furthermore, macrophages pretreated with MALP-2 showed reduced production of TNF-alpha in response to LPS. LPS-induced activation of both NF-kappaB and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase was severely impaired in MALP-2-pretreated cells. However, MALP-2-pretreated macrophages did not show any reduction in surface expression of the TLR4-MD2 complex. These findings indicate that LPS-induced LPS tolerance mainly occurs through the down-regulation of surface expression of the TLR4-MD2 complex; in contrast, MALP-2-induced LPS tolerance is due to modulation of the downstream cytoplasmic signaling pathways.
Scalable OFDMA Physical Layer in IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN (2004)

The concept of scalability was introduced to the IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (OFDMA) mode by the 802.16 Task Group e (TGe). A scalable physical layer enables standard-based solutions to deliver optimum performance in channel bandwidths ranging from 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz with fixed subcarrier spacing for both fixed and portable/mobile usage models, while keeping the product cost low. The architecture is based on a scalable subchannelization structure with variable Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) sizes according to the channel bandwidth. In addition to variable FFT sizes, the specification supports other features such as Advanced Modulation and Coding (AMC) subchannels, Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (H-ARQ), high-efficiency uplink subchannel structures, Multiple-Input-MultipleOutput (MIMO) diversity, and coverage enhancing safety channels, as well as other OFDMA default features such as different subcarrier allocations and diversity schemes. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief tutorial on the IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN OFDMA with an emphasis on scalable OFDMA.
Rendezvous: an architecture for synchronous multi-user applications (1990)

Rendezvous is an architecture for creating synchronous multi-user applications. It consists of two parts: a run-time architecture for managing the multi-user session and a start-up architecture for managing the network connectivity. The run-time architecture is based on a User Interface Management System called MEL, which is a language extension to Common Lisp providing support for graphics operations, object-oriented programming, and constraints. Constraints are used to manage three dimensions of sharing: sharing of underlying information, sharing of views, and sharing of access. The start-up architecture decouples invoking and joining an application so that not all users need be known when the application is started. At present, the run-time architecture is completed and running test applications. As a first test of the complete Rendezvous architecture, we will implement a multi-user card game by the end of the summer.
Structure and Absolute Configuration of Nyasol and Hinokiresinol via Synthesis and Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy (2005)

The absolute configuration of the norlignan (+)-nyasol was determined to be S by comparison of the experimental vibrational circular dichroism data with first-principle calculations taking into account the eight lowest energy conformations. The established absolute configuration of (+)-nyasol enables establishment of the absolute configuration of (-)-hinokiresinol, which is concluded to be S. A total synthesis and resolution of hinokiresinol has been performed to resolve the conflicting reports of the coupling constant of the vinylic protons of the disubstituted double bond in this molecule. Racemic hinokiresinol was resolved. Both enantiomers possess the same antiplasmodial activity.
Microbolometers for infrared detection (1979)

We describe a novel room-temperature detector for the wavelength range 10–1000 μm. This detector consists of a thin bismuth bolometer film with dimensions much smaller than a wavelength. The small size of the detector results in reduced NEP and faster response. A video NEP of 1.6×10−10 W/Hz1/2 is obtained at 119 μm, remaining within a factor of 10 of this value for modulation frequencies up to 25 MHz. When used as a mixer, the device is predicted to have an NEP of 3.5×10−18 W/Hz. It is easily fabricated with conventional planar processing techniques and can be replicated in arrays. The device is expected to be most useful when the radiation to be detected is spatially coherent.
The phosphoserine-585–dependent pathway of the GM-CSF/IL-3/IL-5 receptors mediates hematopoietic cell survival through activation of NF-κB and induction of bcl-2 (2003)

We have recently identified a novel mechanism of hematopoietic cell survival that involves site-specific serine phosphorylation of the common beta subunit (beta(c)) of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and IL-5 receptors. However, the downstream components of this pathway are not known, nor is its relationship to survival signals triggered by tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor clear. We have now found that phosphorylation of Ser585 of beta(c) in response to GM-CSF recruited 14-3-3 and phosphatidyl inositol 3-OH kinase (PI 3-kinase) to the receptor, while phosphorylation of the neighboring Tyr577 within this "viability domain" promoted the activation of both Src homology and collagen (Shc) and Ras. These are independent processes as demonstrated by the intact reactivity of phosphospecific anti-Ser585 and anti-Tyr577 antibodies on the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-ecotrophic retroviral receptor neomycin (CTL-EN) mutants beta(c)Tyr577Phe and beta(c)Ser585Gly, respectively. Importantly, while mutants in which either Ser585 (beta(c)Ser585Gly) or all tyrosines (beta(c)F8) were substituted showed a defect in Akt phosphorylation, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, bcl-2 induction, and cell survival, the mutant beta(c)Tyr577Phe was defective in Shc, Ras, and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) activation, but supported CTL-EN cell survival in response to GM-CSF. These results demonstrate that both serine and tyrosine phosphorylation pathways play a role in hematopoietic cell survival, are initially independent of each other, and converge on NF-kappaB to promote bcl-2 expression.
Recombinant Adenovirus Deleted of All Viral Genes for Gene Therapy of Cystic Fibrosis (1996)

Recombinant adenoviruses are being developed for gene therapy of inherited disorders such as cystic fibrosis because they efficiently transduce recombinant genes into nondividing cells in vivo. First generation recombinant adenoviruses, rendered defective by deletion of sequences spanning E1a and E1b, express low levels of early and late viral genes that activate destructive cellular immune responses. Current strategies for improving recombinant adenoviruses attempt to inactivate other essential genes through deletion and growth in new packaging cell lines or incorporation of temperature sensitive mutations which allow propagation of the virus in available packaging cell lines at permissive temperatures. We describe in this report a new type of recombinant adenovirus that is deleted of all viral open reading frames. This recombinant (called delta-rAd), which contains only the essential cis elements (i.e., ITRs and contiguous packaging sequence), is propagated in 293 cells in the presence of E1-deleted helper virus. Concatamers of the monomeric vector genome were passaged and capable of transduction. The delta-rAd genome is packaged into virions that sediment at a lower density than the helper virus in cesium gradients forming the basis for a purification protocol. A fully deleted recombinant adenovirus that expresses human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator was produced and used to transduce human airway epithelial cells derived from a cystic fibrosis patient. Packaging and propagation of a fully deleted adenovirus is an important step toward the development of a safer vector. Improved production and purification strategies need to be developed before this new vector system can be evaluated in vivo.
Chemoprevention of cancer (2000)

In this short article, we review the conceptual basis for chemoprevention of cancer, the proven clinical efficacy of this concept, and current trends to develop new chemopreventive agents based on understanding of their mechanisms of action. Four classes of new agents, namely selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2, selective estrogen receptor modulators, rexinoids (retinoids that bind selectively to the receptors known as RXRs) and ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma are discussed in detail. The importance of developing totally new classes of chemopreventive agents is stressed, with particular emphasis on the potential usefulness of new synthetic triterpenoids derived from naturally occurring molecules.
Nucleosides and Nucleotides. 151. Conversion of (Z)-2‘-(Cyanomethylene)-2‘-deoxyuridines into Their (E)-Isomers via Addition of Thiophenol to the Cyanomethylene Moiety Followed by Oxidative Syn-elimination Reactions1 (1996)

The Wittig reaction of 1-[3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranos-2-ulosyl]uracil (6) with Ph(3)P=CHCN afforded (Z)-2'-cyanomethylene derivative 7 exclusively. The (E)-isomer was accessed from its (Z)-isomer through a sequence of addition of thiophenol to the 2'-cyanomethylene moiety of the (Z)-isomer from the alpha-face, selectively, and stereoselective oxidative syn-elimination of the resulting adduct. The diastereofacial selectivity of the benzenethiolate addition to the cyanomethylene moiety was found to be influenced by participation of the 2-carbonyl group at the base moiety and steric hindrance of the sugar protecting groups. Although nucleophilic addition reactions at the 2'-position of 6 have been well-known to occur from the alpha-face selectively, treatment of 7 with LiSPh in THF unexpectedly afforded a mixture of alpha- and beta-phenylthio derivatives 8 and 9 in almost equal ratio. Furthermore, an unusual beta-facial selective addition was observed on treatments of 7 with PhSAlMe(2) in CH(2)Cl(2) or with LiSPh in the presence of Mg(ClO(4))(2) in THF. On the other hand, when (Z)-2'-(cyanomethylene)-5'-O-triisopropylsilyl derivative 10 was treated with LiSPh, the alpha-phenylthio derivative 13 was obtained predominantly (89:11). Oxidation of 8 with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) in CH(2)Cl(2) and pyrolysis of the resulting sulfoxides afforded the (Z)-isomer 7 exclusively. Treatment of 13 with m-CPBA under the same conditions afforded the desired (E)-cyanomethylene derivatives 18 as a major product (E:Z = 14:1) in good yield. Deprotection of 18 by the standard procedures furnished (E)-2'-(cyanomethylene)-2'-deoxyuridine (5).
Decorating Graphene Sheets with Gold Nanoparticles (2008)

Renewed interest in graphene architectures has opened up new avenues to utilize them in electronic and optoelectronic applications. The desire to design graphene−metal nanohybrid assemblies has led us to explore a solution-based approach of chemical reduction of AuCl4- ions in graphene suspensions. The gold particles anchored on octadecylamine functionalized graphene are readily suspendable in THF medium. The dependence of particle stability on the graphene concentration and SEM analysis indicate that the gold nanoparticles are well dispersed on graphene sheets. Transient absorption spectroscopy measurements suggest that the ultrafast disappearance of plasmon absorption and its recovery are unaffected by the presence of graphene.
Drug analysis by capillary electrophoresis and laser‐induced fluorescence (1998)

This review briefly presents the different laser-induced fluorescence detectors, outlines the different dyes used to derivatize molecules which are used with capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF), and provides an overview and current status of CE-LIF in drug analysis.
Novel etch-stop materials for silicon micromachining (1997)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1997.
Use of Phenylacetyl Disulfide (PADS) in the Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Phosphorothioates (1999)

Abstract Investigations into the use of phenylacetyl disulfide (PADS) as an efficient sulfur transfer agent in the solid phase synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotide phosphorothioates showed that under suitable solvent conditions, this relatively inexpensive reagent rapidly and efficiently sulfurizes internucleotide phosphite linkages.
Rhythmic binding of a WHITE COLLAR-containing complex to the frequency promoter is inhibited by FREQUENCY (2003)

The biological clock of Neurospora crassa includes interconnected transcriptional and translational feedback loops that cause both the transcript and protein encoded by the frequency gene (frq) to undergo the robust daily oscillations in abundance, which are essential for clock function. To understand better the mechanism generating rhythmic frq transcript, reporter constructs were used to show that the oscillation in frq message is transcriptionally regulated, and a single cis-acting element in the frq promoter, the Clock Box (C box), is both necessary and sufficient for this rhythmic transcription. Nuclear protein extracts used in binding assays revealed that a White Collar (WC)-1- and WC-2-containing complex (WCC) binds to the C box in a time-of-day-specific manner. Overexpression of an ectopic copy of FRQ or addition of in vitro-generated FRQ resulted in reduced WCC binding to the C box. These data suggest that oscillations in frq transcript result from WCC binding to the frq promoter and activating transcription with subsequent changes in FRQ levels having an inverse effect on WCC binding. In this way rhythmic expression and turnover of FRQ drives the rhythm in its own transcription.
Templated Self‐Assembly of Block Copolymers: Effect of Substrate Topography (2003)

Topographical confinement is used to template the formation of nanoscale domains in a self‐assembled block copolymer film. The topographical template controls the row spacings and feature dimensions of the copolymer and can deliberately introduce defects in the arrays (see Figure). For example, a sharp edge feature leads to a missing domain and pins the lateral position of the polymer array. (See also inside cover.)
Inorganic light‐emitting diode displays using micro‐transfer printing (2017)

Abstract Large quantities of microscopic red, green, and blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) made of crystalline inorganic semiconductor materials micro‐transfer printed in large quantities onto rigid or flexible substrates form monochrome and color displays having a wide range of sizes and interesting properties. Transfer‐printed micro‐LED displays promise excellent environmental robustness, brightness, spatial resolution, and efficiency. Passive‐matrix and active‐matrix inorganic LED displays were constructed, operated, and their attributes measured. Tests demonstrate that inorganic micro‐LED displays have outstanding color, viewing angle, and transparency. Yield improvement techniques include redundancy, physical repair, and electronic correction. Micro‐transfer printing enables revolutionary manufacturing strategies in which microscale LEDs are first assembled into miniaturized micro‐system “light engines,” and then micro‐transfer printed and interconnected directly to metallized large‐format panels. This paper reviews micro‐transfer printing technology for micro‐LED displays.
Expression analysis of thirty one Y chromosome genes in human prostate cancer (2000)

Rapid advances in positional cloning studies have identified most of the genes on the human Y chromosome, thereby providing resources for studying the expression of its genes in prostate cancer. Using a semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure, we had examined the expression of the Y chromosome genes in a panel of prostate samples diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), low and/or high grade carcinoma, and the prostatic cell line, LNCaP, stimulated by androgen treatment. Results from this expression analysis of 31 of the 33 genes, isolated so far from the Y chromosome, revealed three types of expression patterns: i) specific expression in other tissues (e.g., AMELY, BPY1, BPY2, CDY, and RBM); ii) ubiquitous expression among prostate and control testis samples, similar to those of house-keeping genes (e.g., ANT3, XE7,ASMTL, IL3RA, SYBL1, TRAMP, MIC2, DBY, RPS4Y, and SMCY); iii) differential expression in prostate and testis samples. The last group includes X-Y homologous (e.g., ZFY, PRKY, DFFRY, TB4Y, EIF1AY, and UTY) and Y-specific genes (e.g., SRY, TSPY, PRY, and XKRY). Androgen stimulation of the LNCaP cells resulted in up-regulation of PGPL, CSFR2A, IL3RA, TSPY, and IL9R and down regulation of SRY, ZFY, and DFFRY. The heterogeneous and differential expression patterns of the Y chromosome genes raise the possibility that some of these genes are either involved in or are affected by the oncogenic processes of the prostate. The up- and down-regulation of several Y chromosome genes by androgen suggest that they may play a role(s) in the hormonally stimulated proliferation of the responsive LNCaP cells.
Influenza Forecasting with Google Flu Trends (2013)

Integer-valued autoregression of influenza cases provides a strong base forecast model, which is enhanced by the addition of Google Flu Trends confirming the predictive capabilities of search query based syndromic surveillance. This accessible and flexible forecast model can be used by individual medical centers to provide advanced warning of future influenza cases.
Mechanism of protein stabilization by glycerol: preferential hydration in glycerol-water mixtures (1981)

A densimetric investigation of the interactions between solvent components in glycerol-water mixtures (between 10 and 40 vol % glycerol) and seven proteins have been carried out in the acid pH region. All the proteins were found to be preferentially hydrated at all conditions used, i.e., addition of the proteins to the mixed solvent results in an increase in the chemical potential of glycerol. It is considered that this thermodynamically unfavorable interaction should tend to minimize the surface of contact between proteins and glycerol and in this way stabilize the native structure of globular proteins.
Gene Expression Signature in Urine for Diagnosing and Assessing Aggressiveness of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (2010)

The 12+2 gene expression signature described in urine is able to identify patients suffering from UCC and predict tumor aggressiveness. We show that a panel of molecular markers may improve the schedule for diagnosis and follow-up in UCC patients.
Stimulating Nicotinic Receptors Trigger Multiple Pathways Attenuating Cytotoxicity in Models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases (2011)

Both of the two most common neurodegenerative disorders, namely Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), have multiple lines of evidence from molecular and cellular to epidemiological, that nicotinic transmission is implicated in their pathogenesis. This review article presents evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-β (Aβ), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism. Our studies clarified that survival signal transduction, α7 nAChR-Src family-PI3 K-AKT pathway, and subsequent upregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x, would lead to neuroprotection. In addition to the PI3 K-AKT pathway, two other survival pathways, JAK2/STAT3 and MEK/ERK, are proposed by other groups. These three survival pathways are related to each other through intracellular signal transductions in neurons. The JAK2/STAT3 pathway is cholinergic anti-inflammation pathway mediated by α7 nAChR on macrophage and microglia as well as neuron. Recently analyzing the properties of galantamine, we clarify the 4th independent neuroprotective pathway, which is mediated by enhancement of microglial α7 nAChR resulting in upregulation of Aβ phagocytosis. Galantamine sensitizes microglial α7 nAChRs to choline and induce Ca2+ influx into microglia. The Ca2+-induced intracellular signaling cascades may then stimulate Aβ phagocytosis through actin reorganization. The discovery of the 4th pathway would facilitate further investigation of possible nAChRs enhancing drugs targeting not only neuronal but also microglial nAChRs.