gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Additional maternal and nonmaternal factors contribute to microbiota shaping in newborns (2010)

Additional maternal and nonmaternal factors contribute to microbiota shaping in newbornsWe read, with great interest, the paper by .The authors (1) elegantly characterized bacterial communities of 9 mothers and their 10 newborns, looking at diversity associated with delivery modality, caesarean section (C-section) or vaginal delivery, across the different body niches.The establishment of bacterial diversity early in infancy may affect the individual's risk for adult diseases and particularly for cardiovascular disease (2).Looking at the study from both clinician and microbiologist standpoints, some key aspects may deserve clarification.Healthy pregnancy was reported in all but two variables, the high birth weight (one child weighting 5 kg) and the poor representation of vaginal Lactobacilli in some mothers (V3-Mom6, V4-Mom10, and C2-Mom7 in table S2 in ref. 1) are suggestive of maternal metabolic abnormalities (i.e., excessive weight gain during pregnancy or altered glucose metabolism).Moreover, C-section delivery is, per se, indicative of pathological conditions of the mother, fetus, or both, unless mandatory because of previous C-sections.The authors (1) should explain why C-sections were performed, because any underlying pathological condition could hide determinants of microbiota modulation in newborns.Maternal recto-vaginal rather than vaginal swabs are recommended between the 35th and 37th weeks of gestation.The use of vaginal swabs, as described by the authors (1), does not provide any information on gut microbiota.Nevertheless, the maternal gut microbiota contributes without doubt to microbiota biogenesis of baby habitats, especially in vaginally delivered newborns.Indeed, the UniFrac Global-R (table S1 in ref. 1) for maternal vagina habitat vs. vaginally born babies was poor.This was probably because, in such correlation, the mother's gut microbiota contribution was omitted.Prevalence of anaerobic over aerobic bacteria immediately after birth in vaginally born babies is quite impressive, and it could confirm the contribution from maternal gut microbiota (3).The newborn's skin and oral mucosa swabs should be carried out in the space of a few minutes.If these withdrawals were really performed within a few seconds, it is quite impossible to detect the bacterial contamination from nonmaternal sources.Nevertheless, if such con-
Novel Polyomavirus Detected in the Feces of a Chimpanzee by Nested Broad-Spectrum PCR (2005)

In order to screen for new polyomaviruses in samples derived from various animal species, degenerated PCR primer pairs were constructed. By using a nested PCR protocol, the sensitive detection of nine different polyomavirus genomes was demonstrated. The screening of field samples revealed the presence of a new polyomavirus, tentatively designated chimpanzee polyomavirus (ChPyV), in the feces of a juvenile chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Analysis of the region encoding the major capsid protein VP1 revealed a unique insertion in the EF loop of the protein and showed that ChPyV is a distinct virus related to the monkey polyomavirus B-lymphotropic polyomavirus and the human polyomavirus JC polyomavirus.
Fatty acid composition of Indica, Sinica, Javanica, Japonica groups of nonglutinous brown rice (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFatty acid composition of Indica, Sinica, Javanica, Japonica groups of nonglutinous brown riceHirokadzu Taira, Masahiro Nakagahra, and Tsukasa NagamineCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1988, 36, 1, 45–47Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00079a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00079a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Morphine Alkaloids. Part 119. A New Efficient Method for the Preparation of 2‐Fluoro‐N‐propylnorapomorphine. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of Cynomolgus Monkey Interferon-γ cDNA (1997)

Since the discovery of its involvement in the pathogenesis of simian immunodeficiency virus infection, the role of macaque monkey interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) has been a focus of particular interest. The purpose of this study was to express bioactive recombinant monkey IFNgamma, as well as clone cynomolgus monkey IFNgamma cDNA. The isolation of a cDNA encoding cynomolgus monkey IFNgamma was performed using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-based strategy with activated monkey lymphocyte cDNA as templates. Cynomolgus monkey IFNgamma consists of 165 amino acids including a putative signal sequence and has 94, 60 and 39% identity to human, bovine and murine homolgues, respectively. Monkey IFNgamma cDNA was highly expressed as three distinct secreted proteins by a recombinant baculovirus system. The secreted proteins were revealed to have antiviral activity up to 10(8) units/ml characteristic of authentic IFNgamma by a bioassay of a cytopathic effect reduction assay.
Biomarker in human breast cancer cells (2012)

Multiplex measurement of biomarkers in human breast cancer cell culture supernates Jane Schmidt, Ph.D, Michael Hall, Richard Fuerstenberg. R&amp;D Systems, Inc. Minneapolis, Minn. The mixture of biomarkers that is produced in the tumor microenvironment has an important role in cancer pathogenesis. For example, cytokines that are released in response to infection, inflammation and immunity can function to either promote or inhibit tumor development and progression. The multiplex immunoassay has become an efficient tool both for rapid screening and more in‐depth analysis of cancer cell supernates, while requiring only a single, small sample volume. In this study, the VersaMAP™ Development System was used to rapidly and simultaneously screen for human biomarkers in supernates from six human breast cancer cell lines. Fifteen positive biomarkers were identified and biomarker profiles were established for each of the cell lines. The VersaMAP Development System, developed by R&amp;D Systems,Inc., is a customized assay system designed for the simultaneous measurement of multiple biomarkers from a single 50 μL sample. It offers the ability to measure up to 10 biomarkers chosen by the user from a continuously expanding library of 39 available analytes. The assay is available in a custom premixed form, giving the user total flexibility to choose their multiplex panel. The assay system is a bead‐based multiplex immunoassay designed for use with a Luminex® or Bio‐Rad® Bio‐Plex® analyzer.
Synthesis of N-[tris[2-[[N-(benzyloxy)amino]carbonyl]ethyl]methyl]succinamic acid, trisuccin. Hydroxamic acid derivatives as a new class of bifunctional chelating agents (1993)

In an effort to generate bifunctional chelating agents (BCAs) with improved labeling, conjugation, and biodistribution properties, the synthesis of trisuccin is reported. This new hydroxamate BCA, after synthesis and characterization, was used for conjugation and radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies with 99mTc. This new class of synthetic BCAs may be useful in the radioimmunodiagnosis and radioimmunotherapy of cancer.
Mature B Cells Are Critical to T-cell-mediated Tumor Immunity Induced by an Agonist Anti-GITR Monoclonal Antibody (2010)

An agonistic antibody DTA-1, to glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR), induces T-cell activation and antitumor immunity. CD4(+) effector T cells are essential in initiating GITR-induced immune activation, and the sequentially activated cytolytic CD8(+) T cells are sufficient to induce tumor rejection. Administration of DTA-1 to a tumor-bearing mouse also induces B-cell activation illustrated by CD69 expression. Substantial evidence suggests that resting B cells are tumor promoting, which has prompted the idea of B-cell depletion by Rituximab, to be combined with other agents in the clinic to augment antitumor response. In this study, we have found that mature B cells are needed for the mechanism of anti-GITR agonist to kill tumors. The treatment of GITR agonist induces profound B-cell activation, differentiation, and antibody production. In a mature B-cell-deficient mouse (JHD), DTA-1 fails to induce tumor regression with a reduced early activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. B-cell deficiency disables the capability of the DTA-1 in generating cytolytic CD8(+) T cells and significantly reduces the cytokine production in tumor bearing mice. The tumor-killing activities of DTA-1 are still present albeit reduced in the CD40(-/-) mice, in which IgG production is impaired. We have also shown that the dependence on B cells to kill tumors differentiates GITR costimulation from CTLA4 blockade and OX40 agonism in tumor immunotherapy. The findings underscore the reciprocal T-cell-B-cell interaction to enhance antitumor immunity upon GITR costimulation. The results provide the insight that attenuating B-cell functions may not be beneficial in cancer immunotherapy based on GITR agonism.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a near-drowned child with a combination of epinephrine and vasopressin (2005)

Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, early and aggressive advanced life support, rewarming, and the combination of intravenous epinephrine and vasopressin were associated with sustained return of spontaneous circulation following hypothermic submersion-associated cardiac arrest.
Development of ethanol tolerance in Clostridium thermocellum: effect of growth temperature (1980)

The growth of Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 and of C9, an ethanol-resistant mutant of this strain, at different ethanol concentrations and temperatures was characterized. After ethanol addition, cultures continued to grow for 1 to 2 h at rates similar to those observed before ethanol was added and then entered a period of growth arrest, the duration of which was a function of the age of inocula. After this period, cultures grew at an exponential rate that was a function of ethanol concentration. The wild-type strain showed a higher energy of activation for growth than the ethanol-tolerant derivative. The optimum growth temperature of the wild type decreased as the concentration of the ethanol challenge increased, whereas the optimum growth temperature for C9 remained constant. The results are discussed in terms of what is known about the effects of ethanol and temperature on membrane composition and fluidity.
RNA released from necrotic synovial fluid cells activates rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts via toll‐like receptor 3 (2005)

Our findings demonstrate the expression of TLR-3 in RA synovial tissue and the activation of RASFs in vitro by the TLR-3 ligand poly(I-C) as well as by necrotic RA synovial fluid cells, and indicate that RNA released from necrotic cells might act as an endogenous TLR-3 ligand for the stimulation of proinflammatory gene expression in RASFs.
A full duplex 1200/300 bit/s single-chip CMOS model (1985)

The design of a Bell 212A (AT&T) compatible single-chip modem is described, and measured results are presented. The IC(Fairchild /spl mu/A212A) contains all signal-processing functions and supports all operating modes, including test modes and selection of either 1200 bit/s QPSK or 300 bit/s FSK operation. The modem offers such features as a coherent digital receiver, call-progress toner monitoring, 8-11 bit character lengths for asynchronous operation, and on-chip handshaking for the remote loopback test mode. Only connect and disconnect sequences are user-provided typically by a (generic) microcontroller.
Energy expenditure in children predicted from heart rate and activity calibrated against respiration calorimetry (1998)

The purpose of this study was to predict energy expenditure (EE) from heart rate (HR) and activity calibrated against 24-h respiration calorimetry in 20 children. HR, oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 ), carbon dioxide production (V˙co 2 ), and EE were measured during rest, sleep, exercise, and over 24 h by room respiration calorimetry on two separate occasions. Activity was monitored by a leg vibration sensor. The calibration day ( day 1) consisted of specified behaviors categorized as inactive (lying, sitting, standing) or active (two bicycle sessions). On the validation day ( day 2), the child selected activities. Separate regression equations forV˙o 2 ,V˙co 2 , and EE for method 1 (combining awake and asleep using HR, HR 2 , and HR 3 ), method 2 (separating awake and asleep), and method 3 (separating awake into active and inactive, and combining activity and HR) were developed using the calibration data. For day 1, the errors were similar for 24-hV˙o 2 ,V˙co 2 , and EE among methods and also among HR, HR 2 , and HR 3 . The methods were validated using measured data from day 2. There were no significant differences in HR,V˙o 2 ,V˙co 2 , respiratory quotient, and EE values during rest, sleep, or over the 24 h between days 1 and 2. Applying the linear HR equations to day 2 data, the errors were the lowest with the combined HR/activity method (−2.6 ± 5.2%, −4.1 ± 5.9%, −2.9 ± 5.1% forV˙o 2 ,V˙co 2 , and EE, respectively). To demonstrate the utility of the HR/activity method, HR and activity were monitored for 24 h at home ( day 3). Free-living EE was predicted as 7,410 ± 1,326 kJ/day. In conclusion, the combination of HR and activity is an acceptable method for determining EE not only for groups of children, but for individuals.
Engineered Electronic States of Transition Metal Doped TiO2 Nanocrystals for Low Overpotential Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2014)

Electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) involves high overpotential at the oxygen evolving electrode and thereby suffers significant energy loss in the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer. To reduce the OER overpotential, precious ruthenium and iridium oxides are most commonly used as anode electrocatalyst. Here we report marked reduction in overpotential for the OER using transition metal (TM) doped TiO2 nanocrystals (NCs). This reduction in overpotential is attributed to d-orbitals splitting of the doped TMs in the TM-doped TiO2 NCs and their interactions with the oxyradicals (intermediates of OER) facilitating the OER. The d-orbital spitting of TMs in TM-doped TiO2 NCs is evident from the change in original pearl white color of undoped TiO2 NCs and UV–vis absorption spectra.
Microspectroscopic imaging tracks the intracellular processing of a signal transduction protein: fluorescent-labeled protein kinase C beta I. (1996)

We have devised a microspectroscopic strategy for assessing the intracellular (re)distribution and the integrity of the primary structure of proteins involved in signal transduction. The purified proteins are fluorescent-labeled in vitro and reintroduced into the living cell. The localization and molecular state of fluorescent-labeled protein kinase C beta I isozyme were assessed by a combination of quantitative confocal laser scanning microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, and novel determinations of fluorescence resonance energy transfer based on photobleaching digital imaging microscopy. The intensity and fluorescence resonance energy transfer efficiency images demonstrate the rapid nuclear translocation and ensuing fragmentation of protein kinase C beta I in BALB/c3T3 fibroblasts upon phorbol ester stimulation, and suggest distinct, compartmentalized roles for the regulatory and catalytic fragments.
Guidelines for the antibiotic treatment of endocarditis in adults: report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2004)

The BSAC Guidelines on Endocarditis were last published in 1998. The Guidelines presented here have been updated and extended to reflect changes in both the antibiotic resistance characteristics of causative organisms and the availability of new antibiotics. Randomized, controlled trials suitable for the development of evidenced-based guidelines in this area are still lacking, and therefore a consensus approach has again been adopted. The Guidelines cover diagnosis and laboratory testing, suitable antibiotic regimens and causative organisms. Special emphasis is placed on common causes of endocarditis, such as streptococci and staphylococci, however, other bacterial causes (such as enterococci, HACEK organisms, Coxiella and Bartonella) and fungi are considered. The special circumstances of prosthetic endocarditis are discussed.
Study on Methodology of Culture Teaching (2005)

Culture teaching has to be carried out systematically and specifically. It can not only depend on the teacher's occasional input knowledge concerning cultures but demand fundamental changes in educational structures, philosophies and methodologies. This paper attempts to build up a conceptual framework guiding the practice of culture-oriented English teaching. The literature review includes three main aspects: aim for strengthening awareness of culture teaching; methodology of culture teaching; culture teaching techniques. The paper also points out that only by combination of language teaching and culture teaching can students reach the purpose of enhancing the intercultural communicative competency.
A System for Stable Expression of Short Interfering RNAs in Mammalian Cells (2002)

Mammalian genetic approaches to study gene function have been hampered by the lack of tools to generate stable loss-of-function phenotypes efficiently. We report here a new vector system, named pSUPER, which directs the synthesis of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in mammalian cells. We show that siRNA expression mediated by this vector causes efficient and specific down-regulation of gene expression, resulting in functional inactivation of the targeted genes. Stable expression of siRNAs using this vector mediates persistent suppression of gene expression, allowing the analysis of loss-of-function phenotypes that develop over longer periods of time. Therefore, the pSUPER vector constitutes a new and powerful system to analyze gene function in a variety of mammalian cell types.
Mechanisms of natriuretic-peptide-induced growth inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells (1997)

Our findings indicate that the guanyl-cyclase-linked receptors mediate the antiproliferative actions of the natriuretic peptides on vascular smooth muscle cell growth. Moreover, we hypothesize that the apparent inhibition of growth by NPR-C specific ligands reported by others may be due to stabilization of natriuretic peptides produced by the cultured VSMC and subsequent action of these peptides at guanyl-cyclase-linked receptors.
Ligand-affinity cloning and structure of a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan that binds basic fibroblast growth factor. (1990)

Expression cloning of cDNAs encoding a basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) binding protein confirms previous hypotheses that this molecule is a cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan. A cDNA library constructed from a hamster kidney cell line rich in FGF receptor activity was transfected into a human lymphoblastoid cell line. Clones expressing functional basic FGF binding proteins at their surfaces were enriched by panning on plastic dishes coated with human basic FGF. The amino acid sequence deduced from the isolated cDNAs revealed several interesting features, including hydrophobic signal and transmembrane domains that flank an extracellular region containing six potential attachment sites for glycosaminoglycan side chains. The structure also contains a short hydrophilic cytoplasmic tail sequence homologous to previously reported actin binding domains. Binding of basic FGF to cells expressing the binding protein could be inhibited by heparin and heparan sulfate but not by chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, or keratan sulfate. In addition to binding basic FGF, this protein or related surface proteins may function as an initial cellular attachment site for other growth factors and for viruses, such as herpes simplex virus.
Targeting Macrophages with Microspheres Containing Cytokine-Neutralizing Antibodies Prevents Lethality in Gram-Negative Peritonitis (1999)

Macrophages release proinflammatory cytokines in response to infection that play a critical role in the pathophysiology of septic shock. We propose that targeting cytokine-neutralizing antibodies using albumin microspheres to macrophages will be more beneficial than the soluble form in reducing mortality related to peritonitis. In this study, we compared the distribution pattern of microspheres in infected and noninfected animals, evaluated the amount of microsphere taken up by peritoneal macrophages in vitro, and compared the efficacy of soluble and microsphere forms of cytokine-neutralizing antibodies in preventing lethality caused by Escherichia coli-induced peritonitis. The results indicate that twice the amount of microspheres accumulates near the site of infection (the peritoneal cavity), and 70% of the microspheres exposed to peritoneal macrophages were phagocytosed in 1 h. Treatment with the microsphere form of cytokine-neutralizing antibodies was more efficacious than using the soluble form in preventing lethality induced by E. coli. Immediate treatment was more efficacious than delayed treatment in the absence of gentamicin, whereas immediate and delayed treatment were equally efficacious in the presence of gentamicin. The combination of microspheres containing neutralizing antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) protected 100% of the animals, whereas either one alone protected only 60%-90% of the animals from lethality caused by E. coli-induced peritonitis. In conclusion, the microsphere form of neutralizing antibodies to TNF-alpha IL-1beta may be an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of septic shock caused by peritonitis.
Techniques of EMG signal analysis: detection, processing, classification and applications (2006)

Electromyography (EMG) signals can be used for clinical/biomedical applications, Evolvable Hardware Chip (EHW) development, and modern human computer interaction. EMG signals acquired from muscles require advanced methods for detection, decomposition, processing, and classification. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the various methodologies and algorithms for EMG signal analysis to provide efficient and effective ways of understanding the signal and its nature. We further point up some of the hardware implementations using EMG focusing on applications related to prosthetic hand control, grasp recognition, and human computer interaction. A comparison study is also given to show performance of various EMG signal analysis methods. This paper provides researchers a good understanding of EMG signal and its analysis procedures. This knowledge will help them develop more powerful, flexible, and efficient applications.