gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of Paper Drying – Theory and Application from Industrial Perspective (2011)

Evaporation, Condensation and Heat Transfer
Two-micrometer circle site-specific recombination: the minimal substrate and the possible role of flanking sequences. (1985)

The 2-mum circle DNA of yeast encodes a site-specific recombination system (FLP recombination). The recombination region had been mapped earlier to a 65-base-pair (bp) segment within the 599-bp-long inverted repeats of the molecule. I have shown that the "minimal" FLP substrate resides in a 13-bp dyad symmetry plus an 8-bp core located within the 65-bp recombination region. Further, as determined by different in vivo assays, sequences extraneous to the minimal FLP site and the 65-bp recombination region can affect the efficiency of the recombination reaction.
Epigenetic Regulations of GABAergic Neurotransmission: Relevance for Neurological Disorders and Epigenetic Therapy (2016)

The GABAergic neurotransmission is a highly conserved system that has been attributed to various regulatory events. There has been a notable number of studies on the importance of GABAergic neurotransmission, both excitatory and inhibitory, in neurogenesis and central nervous system development including its control of neuronal cell proliferation and migration, synaptogenesis, dendrite formation and branching, and new neuronal cell integration in the adult brain. There has been remarkable progress in understanding the epigenetic regulations of GABAergic genes and their aberrant expressions in various neurological disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, Rett's syndrome, schizophrenia and PWS. The roles of histone modifications, chromatin looping and gene methylation have been implicated in altered regulations of key genes in the GABAergic pathway. Taken together, they affect the functioning of GABAergic neurotransmission and disrupt various events in brain development. Here, we focus on the role of GABAergic neurotransmission in brain development and on how various genetic and epigenetic events regulate the GABAergic genes in pre- and postnatal brain. We also discuss how these regulatory mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders and, therefore, can be used in the development of potential epigenetic therapy for these diseases.
Microstructure and Dynamics of Wormlike Micellar Solutions Formed by Mixing Cationic and Anionic Surfactants (2000)

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and rheology are used to probe the wormlike micelles formed in mixtures of a cationic (cetyl trimethylammonium tosylate, CTAT) and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, SDBS). For a fixed composition of 97/3 CTAT/SDBS, the zero-shear viscosity η0 initially increases rapidly with surfactant concentration, but decreases beyond an intermediate concentration φmax. The solutions show a scattering peak in SANS and the height of the scattering peak also exhibits a maximum around φmax. These results are interpreted in terms of a maximum in the linear micellar contour length L̄ at φmax, and suggest that the hydrodynamic and electrostatic correlation lengths reach an optimal ratio at this point. For a fixed total surfactant concentration, the viscosity η0 also reaches a maximum at an intermediate SDBS fraction. The decrease in η0 at high SDBS fractions is interpreted in terms of the polyelectrolyte nature of the micelles and the increased chain flexibility caused by the rising ionic strength of the solutions. An alternate possibility may involve a progression from linear to branched micelles with increasing SDBS content.
Transformation-dependent alterations is glycoproteins of extracellular matrix of human fibroblasts. Characterization of GP250 and the collagen-like GP140. (1982)

The extracellular matrix, prepared by extraction of confluent cultures of human lung WI-38 fibroblasts with a dipolar tonic detergent, contains four major glycoproteins: fibronectin, GP250, GP170, and GP140. All the glycoproteins can be surface-labeled; however, only fibronectin and GP170 can be readily removed by digestion with trypsin (Carter, W. G., and Hakomori, S. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 6953-6960). Most of the noncovalently bound GP250, GP170, and GP190, an additional minor glycoprotein, can be dissociated from the matrix by extraction with 8 M urea. The remaining insoluble matrix is stabilized by extensive intermolecular disulfide bonds and contains primarily GP140 and fibronectin (Carter, W. G. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 3249-3257). Affinity-purified, monospecific antibodies were prepared against GP[140 and fibronectin and utilized for detection of GP140 and fibronectin in extracts and conditioned media of WI-38, WI-38 VA13, WI-26, WI-26 VA4, and HT-1080 cells. Additional affinity-purified, polyspecific antibodies that react with GP250, GP190 GP170, and GP140 were also utilized. Fibronectin, GP250, GP190, GP170, and GP140 were all absent from transformed cells. With the exception of GP140, the absence of these glycoproteins from the matrix of transformed cells was paralleled by their accumulation in the conditioned culture media. Incubation of conditioned culture media with collagenase indicated that GP190, GP170, and GP140, as well as other glycoproteins, were digested. Antibodies to GP140 did not react with any other cellular component indicating that it is not a processing product of other matrix glycoproteins. GP140 has characteristics unlike all reported collagen types and appears to be a new collagen-like glycoprotein. In contrast, neither Gp250 nor fibronectin were sensitive to digestion with collagenase. Antibodies that react with GP250 did not react with fibronectin and vice versa, suggesting that GP250 and fibronectin do not share antigenic determinants. The interaction of labeled fibronectin and the labeled, gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin with cells after fractionation on polyacrylamide gels indicated that GP170 is the primary procollagen receptor for fibronectin in the extracellular matrix. GP140 also bound fibronectin but to a lesser degree. Soluble GP170 and GP190 present in the conditioned medium of cultured cells also bound to insolubilized fronectin, confirming the association of GP170 and GP190 with fibronectin. The interaction of the glycoprotein components in the matrix are discussed in relation to their potential cooperative function in cell attachment and their failure to adhere to the surface of transformed cells.
Fabry–Perot cavity chemical sensors by silicon micromachining techniques (1999)

Micromachined Fabry–Perot microcavity structures filled with polymeric layers composed of poly(3-dodecylthiophene) have been fabricated and studied for use as chemical sensors. The polymer-filled microcavity devices show reversible sensing behavior in response to the exposure of molecular iodine. Here, the chemical dosing results in a dramatic change in the fraction of transmitted light which passes through the microcavity structure (up to 50% at 633 nm). Importantly, the Fabry–Perot microcavity structure produces a significantly larger change in transmitted light intensity compared to a single membrane structure.
Laser control of chemical reactions (2002)

Chemical reactions are at the heart of chemistry and the dream of controlling the outcome of these reactions is an old one. Thus, with given reactants, a solvent and perhaps assisted by a catalyst, we would like to 'steer' the reactants into a particular desired product. This review focuses on how to control the dynamics of chemical reactions, beyond traditional temperature control, with the emphasis on unimolecular reactions. The electromagnetic radiation of lasers can induce so-called coherent dynamics. The recent theoretical and experimental results on this coherent control are explained and illustrated with computational and experimental examples.
Data Analysis and Modeling (2013)

Abstract This chapter provides a guidebook to the basic issues in quantitative data analysis and modeling. It shows how we test the quality of a model and fit the model to observed data. The quality of a model or theory includes qualitative assessments related to internal consistency, breadth of application, and the ability to make new and useful predictions. Another assessment of the quality of a model is its ability to predict or fit the observed behavioral data in relevant domains quantitatively. Two criteria for fitting a model to data are considered, a least-squared error criterion and a maximum likelihood criterion, along with methods of estimating the best-fitting parameters of the models. Bootstrap methods are used to estimate the variability of derived data and model parameters. Several methods of comparing and selecting between models are considered. The chapter uses typical psychophysical testing situations to illustrate several standard applications of these methods of data analysis and modeling.
Asymmetric synthesis via axially dissymmetric molecules. 7. Synthetic applications of the enantioselective reduction by binaphthol-modified lithium aluminum hydride reagents (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric synthesis via axially dissymmetric molecules. 7. Synthetic applications of the enantioselective reduction by binaphthol-modified lithium aluminum hydride reagentsR. Noyori, I. Tomino, M. Yamada, and M. NishizawaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 22, 6717–6725Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00334a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00334a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2531Altmetric-Citations279LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A stabilizing reagent prevents cell-free DNA contamination by cellular DNA in plasma during blood sample storage and shipping as determined by digital PCR (2013)

Cell-Free DNA BCTs prevent gDNA contamination that may occur due to nucleated cell disruption during sample storage and shipping. This novel blood collection tube provides a method for obtaining stable cfDNA samples for rare target detection and accurate analysis while mitigating the threat of gDNA contamination.
Large-scale direct SLAM with stereo cameras (2015)

We propose a novel Large-Scale Direct SLAM algorithm for stereo cameras (Stereo LSD-SLAM) that runs in real-time at high frame rate on standard CPUs. In contrast to sparse interest-point based methods, our approach aligns images directly based on the photoconsistency of all high-contrast pixels, including corners, edges and high texture areas. It concurrently estimates the depth at these pixels from two types of stereo cues: Static stereo through the fixed-baseline stereo camera setup as well as temporal multi-view stereo exploiting the camera motion. By incorporating both disparity sources, our algorithm can even estimate depth of pixels that are under-constrained when only using fixed-baseline stereo. Using a fixed baseline, on the other hand, avoids scale-drift that typically occurs in pure monocular SLAM.We furthermore propose a robust approach to enforce illumination invariance, capable of handling aggressive brightness changes between frames - greatly improving the performance in realistic settings. In experiments, we demonstrate state-of-the-art results on stereo SLAM benchmarks such as Kitti or challenging datasets from the EuRoC Challenge 3 for micro aerial vehicles.
Current state of cartilage tissue engineering. (2003)

Damage to cartilage is of great clinical consequence given the tissue's limited intrinsic potential for healing. Current treatments for cartilage repair are less than satisfactory, and rarely restore full function or return the tissue to its native normal state. The rapidly emerging field of tissue engineering holds great promise for the generation of functional cartilage tissue substitutes. The general approach involves a biocompatible, structurally and mechanically sound scaffold, with an appropriate cell source, which is loaded with bioactive molecules that promote cellular differentiation and/or maturation. This review highlights aspects of current progress in cartilage tissue engineering.
Synthesis of protein–nucleic acid conjugates by expressed protein ligation (2003)

The synthesis of covalent conjugates of proteins and polyamide nucleic acids (PNA) is accomplished by expressed protein ligation of intein-fusion proteins and a PNA-cysteine conjugate.
지역혁신을 위한 지역과제의 도출과 협력관계의 구축 - 경주지역의 혁신체제에 대한 모색 - (2008)

본 연구는 글로벌 시대의 국가 경쟁력의 핵심으로 자리 잡고 있는 지역혁신체제의 구축에 필요한 지역적 과제를 실증분석하고 이를 통해 지역특수성을 고려한 혁신체제의 방향을 제안하고자 한 것이다. 지역혁신은 지역경제의 자생력을 확보하기 위한 지역주체 간의 협력적 파트너십과 그에 따른 지식기반의 지역학습체계의 구축을 목표로 하고 있다. 따라서 효율적인 지역혁신체제의 구축은 지역적 특수성 및 차별성을 전제로 지역내부의 사회적 합의를 기반으로 한 지역적 과제의 도출이 전제되어야 한다. 본 연구는 역사·문화적 특수성을 가진 경주지역을 대상으로 지역주체들이 공통적으로 인식하는 지역과제를 도출하고 혁신을 위한 협력적 네트워크의 문제점과 방향을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 전통적인 경주지역의 관광산업은 새로운 역사·문화클러스터로 발전시켜 나가야 하고, 혁신을 위해 오랜 동안 경주지역을 고립시켜왔던 지역적 배타성과 폐쇄성을 개방체제로 전환하는 것이 선결되어야 할 주요 과제인 것으로 나타났다. 지역 차별성을 고려한 경주지역의 발전적 혁신모형의 방향을 제안하고 혁신 및 정책 이니셔티브들에 대한 객관적 평가체계의 수립을 향후 과제로 논의하였다.
Reactive Oxygen Species in Mitochondria-Mediated Cell Death (2007)

In addition to the well-established role of the mitochondria in energy metabolism, regulation of cell death has recently emerged as a second major function of these organelles. This, in turn, seems to be intimately linked to their role as the major intracellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are mainly, generated at Complex I and III of the respiratory chain. Excessive ROS production can lead to oxidation of macromolecules and has been implicated in mtDNA mutations, ageing, and cell death. Although mitochondrial dysfunction can cause ATP depletion and necrosis, these organelles are also involved in the regulation of apoptotic cell death by mechanisms, which have been conserved through evolution. Thus, many lethal agents target the mitochondria and cause release of cytochrome c and other pro-apoptotic proteins, which can trigger caspase activation and apoptosis. Taken together, these findings have placed the mitochondria in the focus of current cell death research.
Magnetically enhanced radionuclide therapy (1994)

Radiopharmaceutical therapy is an increasingly common treatment for cancer. This therapy involves the injection of radiolabeled tumor-specific agents into the patient with subsequent preferential accumulation in the tumor sites. Particulate radiation (usually beta particles) emitted by the radioisotope kill or damage the tumor cells. The effectiveness of radiopharmaceutical therapy, however, is limited by the size of the tumor treated. Energetic particles can easily exit small tumors before they are able to deposit their energy and inflict significant damage. The authors propose the use of a static magnetic field to be applied after the radiopharmaceutical has localized in the tumors, constraining these particles to helical paths. This application would result in substantially confining the emitted particles within the tumor`s boundaries, thus increasing radiation dose to the tumor. Computer simulations of radionuclide treatments using {sup 131}I, {sup 186}Re and {sup 90}Y show that a magnetic field of 10 Tesla can increase the radiation dose achieved by conventional radionuclide therapy by up to 71%. In addition, total radiation dose to surrounding normal tissues is substantially reduced. Magnetically enhanced radionuclide therapy (MERiT) therefore shows promise as an effective treatment of cancer and warrants further study. 25 refs., 6 figs.
T cell immunodeficiency (2008)

T cell immunodeficiency can occur as one of a group of primary disorders or develop secondary to chronic infection, illness or drug therapy. Primary T cell disorders are rare, accounting for approximately 11% of reported primary immunodeficiencies, and generally present in infancy or early childhood. Early recognition is very important as many of these patients will require bone marrow transplantation prior to the onset of severe infection or other complications. Because of their rarity, these infants usually present to clinicians who have little or no prior experience of these conditions, and therefore laboratory-based clinicians with knowledge of the key laboratory/pathological abnormalities and clinical features have a valuable role in identifying the possibility of immunodeficiency. Secondary T cell deficiency is a cardinal feature of HIV infection and the specific susceptibility to infectious micro-organisms is highlighted. The possibility of T cell immunodeficiency should be considered in any patient presenting with unusual or severe viral, fungal or protozoal infection.
The value of processing sorghum grain for finishing swine (1971)

Three feeding trials were conducted to determine benefits of processing sorghum grain (milo) for finishing swine. Flaked, ground, and dry rolled milo rations resulted in similar pig weight gains. Generally, the feed:gain ratios of pigs receiving steam-flaked rations were slightly better than ratios of pigs receiving ground or dry rolled grain. Pigs receiving a popped ration grew significantly slower and less efficiently than pigs receiving ground or flaked rations. Grinding the popped ration increased average daily feed intake and average daily gain, but the feed:gain ration did not improve. Finishing swine can be fed steam-flaked milo very satisfactorily; however, the cost of processing the milo more than offset the advantages in feed efficiency.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, October 7, 1971
Exendin-4 protects dopaminergic neurons by inhibition of microglial activation and matrix metalloproteinase-3 expression in an animal model of Parkinson's disease (2009)

Exendin-4 is a naturally occurring more potent and stable analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that selectively binds at the GLP-1 receptor. It has been recently demonstrated that GLP-1 receptor stimulation preserves dopaminergic neurons in cellular and rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity in rodents; previous studies suggest that activated microglia actively participate in the pathogenesis of PD neurodegeneration. However, the role of microglia in the neuroprotective properties of exendin-4 is still unknown. Here, we show that, in the mouse MPTP PD model, systemic administration of exendin-4 significantly attenuates the loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons and the striatal dopaminergic fibers. Exendin-4 prevents MPTP-induced microglial activation in the SNpc and striatum, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3. In addition, exendin-4 also suppressed MPTP-induced expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta. Our data indicate that exendin-4 may act as a survival factor for dopaminergic neurons by functioning as a microglia-deactivating factor and suggest that exendin-4 may be a valuable therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
Distributed Augmented Reality for Visualizing Collaborative Construction Tasks (2009)

Augmented reality is a visualization method in which virtual objects are aligned with the real world and the viewer can interact with the virtual objects in real time. In this paper, a new methodology called distributed augmented reality for visualizing collaborative construction tasks (DARCC) is proposed. Using this methodology, virtual models of construction equipment can be operated and viewed by several operators to interactively simulate construction activities on the construction site in augmented reality mode. The paper investigates the design issues of DARCC including tracking and registration, object modeling, engineering constraints, and interaction and communication methods. The DARCC methodology is implemented in a prototype system and tested in a case study about a bridge deck rehabilitation project.
Potential for Pancreatic Maturation of Differentiating Human Embryonic Stem Cells Is Sensitive to the Specific Pathway of Definitive Endoderm Commitment (2014)

This study provides a detailed experimental and mathematical analysis of the impact of the initial pathway of definitive endoderm (DE) induction on later stages of pancreatic maturation. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were induced to insulin-producing cells following a directed-differentiation approach. DE was induced following four alternative pathway modulations. DE derivatives obtained from these alternate pathways were subjected to pancreatic progenitor (PP) induction and maturation and analyzed at each stage. Results indicate that late stage maturation is influenced by the initial pathway of DE commitment. Detailed quantitative analysis revealed WNT3A and FGF2 induced DE cells showed highest expression of insulin, are closely aligned in gene expression patterning and have a closer resemblance to pancreatic organogenesis. Conversely, BMP4 at DE induction gave most divergent differentiation dynamics with lowest insulin upregulation, but highest glucagon upregulation. Additionally, we have concluded that early analysis of PP markers is indicative of its potential for pancreatic maturation.
Selection strategies for improved biocatalysts (2007)

Enzymes have become an attractive alternative to conventional catalysts in numerous industrial processes. However, their properties do not always meet the criteria of the application of interest. Directed evolution is a powerful tool for adopting the characteristics of an enzyme. However, selection of the evolved variants is a critical step, and therefore new strategies to enable selection of the desired enzymatic activity have been developed. This review focuses on these novel strategies for selecting enzymes from large libraries, in particular those that are used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates and pharmaceuticals.
Photoconductivity and charge trapping inα−Al2O3 (1981)

An electron trap which strongly affects the photoconductivity of colored $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has been investigated from 10 to 300 K. The trap, which also causes the 260-K thermoluminescence peak and makes possible the interconversion of $F$ and ${F}^{+}$ centers by optical means, was studied in thermochemically-reduced samples as well as in samples which had been irradiated with high-energy electrons, reactor neutrons, or $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays. The activation energy for thermal release of the electron from the trap has been measured as 0.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 eV from the photoconductivity, thermoluminescence, and phosphorescence. The absorption band for optical release of the electron has been observed in the excitation spectrum of the photoconductivity near 5 eV, with a half-width of \ensuremath{\sim}0.6 eV. The possible identity of this and other traps is discussed.