gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some Kinetic Properties of Human-Milk Galactosyl Transferase (1974)

Reactions catalyzed by human milk N-acetyl lactosamine synthetase in the presence and absence of ä-lactalbumins have been investigated by steady-state kinetics. N-Acetyl lactosamine synthesis and lactose synthesis in the absence of α-lactalbumin appear to proceed by an ordered sequential reaction, with substrates attaching in the order: Mn2+, UDP-galactose and monosaccharide. Under the conditions used (pH 7.4, 37 °C) the attachment of Mn2+ is not at thermo-dynamic equilibrium and it appears that the enzyme can accept either free UDP-galactose or its Mn2+ complex as substrate. Evidence is presented which suggests that the Mn2+ complex of UDP may be the final product released from the enzyme. Reactions in the presence of α-lactalbumin proceed by a similar ordered mechanism. Kinetic effects observed in the presence of human α-lactalbumin with three different monosaccharide acceptors, and in the presence of bovine α-lactalbumin with glucose, can be reasonably explained only by assuming that α-lactalbumin attaches to the enzyme immediately before monosaccharides, contrary to suggestions by other workers. It is proposed that α-lactalbumin attaches to an enzyme Mn2+ UDP-galactose complex at thermodynamic equilibrium, producing a new enzyme form with increased affinity for monosaccharides. The inhibitory effects of ä-lactalbumin on N-acetyl lactosamine synthesis are attributed to inhibition resulting from attachment of the protein to a central complex in an alternative pathway in the reaction scheme. The kinetic effects of four α-lactalbumins with human galactosyl transferase are characterized and intrinsic differences shown to be independent of the source of galactosyl transferase. The function deduced for α-lactalbumin in the lactose synthetase system is discussed in relation to its structure and a procedure is indicated for quantitatively measuring activity differences in α-lactalbumins.
High energy interactions of cosmic ray particles (1986)

The highlights of seven sessions of the Conference dealing with high energy interactions of cosmic rays are discussed. High energy cross section measurements; particle production-models of experiments; nuclei and nuclear matter; nucleus-nucleus collision; searches for magnetic monopoles; and studies of nucleon decay are covered.
Phthalocyanine dye as an extremely photostable and highly fluorescent near-infrared labeling reagent (2006)

Current organic fluorophores used as labeling reagents for biomolecule conjugation have significant limitations in photostability. This compromises their performance in applications that require a photostable fluorescent reporting group. For example, in molecular imaging and single molecule microscopy, photostable fluorescent labels are important for observing and tracking individual molecular events over extended period of time. We report in this paper an extremely photostable and highly fluorescent phthalocyanine dye, IRDye<sup>TM</sup> 700DX, as a near-infrared fluorescence labeling reagent to conjugate with biomolecules. This novel water-soluble silicon phthalocyanine dye has an isomericly pure chemical structure. The dye is about 45 to 128 times more photostable than current near-IR fluorophores, e.g. Alexa Fluor"R"680, Cy<sup>TM </sup>5.5, Cy<sup>TM </sup>7 and IRDye<sup>TM</sup> 800CW dyes; and about 27 times more photostable than tetramethylrhodamine (TMR), one of the most photostable organic dyes. This dye also meets all the other stringent requirements as an ideal fluorophore for biomolecules labeling such as excellent water solubility, no aggregation in high ionic strength buffer, large extinction coefficient and high fluorescent quantum yield. Antibodies conjugated with IRDye<sup>TM </sup>700DX at high D/P ratio exist as monomeric species in high ionic buffer and have bright fluorescence. The IRDye<sup>TM</sup> 700DX conjugated antibodies generate sensitive, highly specific detection with very low background in Western blot and cytoblot assays.
Cryogenic X-ray Crystal Structure Analysis for the Complex of Scytalone Dehydratase of a Rice Blast Fungus and Its Tight-Binding Inhibitor, Carpropamid:  The Structural Basis of Tight-Binding Inhibition, (1998)

Scytalone dehydratase is a member of the group of enzymes involved in fungal melanin biosynthesis in a phytopathogenic fungus, Pyricularia oryzae, which causes rice blast disease. Carpropamid [(1RS,3SR)-2, 2-dichloro-N-[(R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-1-ethyl-3-methylcyclopropa necarboxamide] is a tight-binding inhibitor of the enzyme. To clarify the structural basis for tight-binding inhibition, the crystal structure of the enzyme complexed with carpropamid was analyzed using diffraction data collected at 100 K. The structural model was refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 0.180 against reflections up to a resolution of 2.1 A. Carpropamid was bound in a hydrophobic cavity of the enzyme. Three types of interactions appeared to contribute to the binding. (i) A hydrogen bond was formed between a chloride atom in the dichloromethylethylcyclopropane ring of carpropamid and Asn-131 of the enzyme. (ii) The (chlorophenyl)ethyl group of carpropamid built strong contacts with Val-75, and this group further formed a cluster of aromatic rings together with four aromatic residues in the enzyme (Tyr-50, Phe-53, Phe-158, and Phe-162). (iii) Two hydration water molecules bound to the carboxamide group of carpropamid, and they were further hydrogen-bonded to Tyr-30, Tyr-50, His-85, and His-110. As a result of interactions between carpropamid and the phenylalanine residues (Phe-158 and Phe-162) in the C-terminal region of the enzyme, the C-terminal region completely covered the inhibitor, ensuring its localization in the cavity.
β2 (CD18) Mutations Abolish Ligand Recognition by I Domain Integrins LFA-1 ( αLβ2, CD11a/CD18) and MAC-1 ( αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) (1995)

The "I" domains of the beta 2 (CD18) leukocyte integrins are implicated in ligand binding function. Moreover, rather than recognizing linear peptide sequences, this class of integrins generally recognizes multiple discontinuous sites on immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion receptors. A conserved cluster of oxygenated residues is involved in ligand recognition by beta 1 and beta 3 integrins. In the present study, we evaluated the role of this region in the I domain-containing beta 2 integrins. Recombinant alpha L beta 2 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18) and alpha M beta 2 (MAC-1, CD11b/CD18) were expressed on COS cells, and function was assessed by adhesion to ICAM-1 or iC3b, respectively. Alanine substitution at position Asp134 or Ser136 in beta 2 produced a complete loss in the capacity of both alpha L beta 2 and alpha M beta 2 to support cell adhesion. In contrast, substitution at Asp128 or Ser138 resulted in loss of beta 2 surface expression when co-transfected with alpha L (CD11a) or alpha M (CD11b). These data provide the first evidence for involvement of the beta 2 subunit in ligand binding to I domain integrins.
Expression of Two Escherichia coli Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Subunits Is Autoregulated (2004)

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the first step of fatty acid biosynthesis, the synthesis of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA using ATP and bicarbonate. In Escherichia coli and most other bacteria, ACC is composed of four subunits encoded by accA, accB, accC, and accD. Prior work from this laboratory showed that the in vivo expression of the accBC operon had a strikingly nonlinear response to gene copy number (Li, S.-J, and Cronan, J. E., Jr. (1993) J. Bacteriol. 175, 332-340) in that the presence of 50 or more copies of the accBC operon resulted in only a 2-3-fold increase in AccB and AccC. We now report that AccB functions to negatively regulate transcription of the accBC operon. Expression of a chimeric protein consisting of the N terminus of E. coli AccB and the C-terminal bioinylation domain of Bacillus subtilis AccB down-regulated transcription of the E. coli accBC operon. A truncated form of AccB consisting of the N-terminal 68 amino acids of E. coli AccB was sufficient to negatively regulate the accBC operon. In vivo bypass of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity by expression of a malonyl-CoA synthase from Rhizobium trifolii allowed construction of strain deleted for the accA and accB genes. Unexpectedly, the deltaaccB mutation could not be resolved from the deltaaccA mutation. Transcription of the accBC operon in the deltaaccB deltaaccA strain continued well into stationary phase under growth conditions that normally result in greatly decreased transcription. These data support a model in which AccB acts as an autoregulator of accBC operon transcription.
Rationale and design of the Pemafibrate to Reduce Cardiovascular Outcomes by Reducing Triglycerides in Patients with Diabetes (PROMINENT) study (2018)

Observational, genetic, and experimental data indicate that triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRLs) likely participate causally in atherothrombosis. Yet, robust clinical trial evidence that triglyceride (TG) lowering therapy reduces cardiovascular events remains elusive. The selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulator (SPPARM-α), pemafibrate, will be used to target residual cardiovascular risk remaining after treatment to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in individuals with the dyslipidemia of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2). The PROMINENT study will randomly allocate approximately 10,000 participants with T2D, mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia (TG: 200-499 mg/dl; 2.26-5.64 mmol/l) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (HDL-C: ≤40 mg/dl; 1.03 mmol/l) to either pemafibrate (0.2 mg twice daily) or matching placebo with an average expected follow-up period of 3.75 years (total treatment phase 5 years; 24 countries). At study entry, participants must be receiving either moderate-to-high intensity statin therapy or meet specified LDL-C criteria. The study population will be one-third primary and two-thirds secondary prevention (established cardiovascular disease). The primary endpoint is a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal ischemic stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina requiring urgent coronary revascularization, and cardiovascular death. This event-driven study will complete when 1092 adjudicated primary endpoints have accrued with at least 200 occurring in women. Statistical power is at least 90% to detect an 18% reduction in the primary endpoint. Pre-specified secondary and tertiary endpoints include all-cause mortality, hospitalization for heart failure, new or worsening peripheral artery disease, new or worsening diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy, and change in biomarkers including select lipid and non-lipid biomarkers, inflammatory and glycemic parameters.
Improved variant discovery through local re-alignment of short-read next-generation sequencing data using SRMA (2010)

A primary component of next-generation sequencing analysis is to align short reads to a reference genome, with each read aligned independently. However, reads that observe the same non-reference DNA sequence are highly correlated and can be used to better model the true variation in the target genome. A novel short-read micro realigner, SRMA, that leverages this correlation to better resolve a consensus of the underlying DNA sequence of the targeted genome is described here.
Manufacturing process used to produce long-acting recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein (2015)

Recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc) is a long-acting coagulation factor approved for the treatment of hemophilia A. Here, the rFVIIIFc manufacturing process and results of studies evaluating product quality and the capacity of the process to remove potential impurities and viruses are described. This manufacturing process utilized readily transferable and scalable unit operations and employed multi-step purification and viral clearance processing, including a novel affinity chromatography adsorbent and a 15 nm pore size virus removal nanofilter. A cell line derived from human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293H cells was used to produce rFVIIIFc. Validation studies evaluated identity, purity, activity, and safety. Process-related impurity clearance and viral clearance spiking studies demonstrate robust and reproducible removal of impurities and viruses, with total viral clearance >8-15 log10 for four model viruses (xenotropic murine leukemia virus, mice minute virus, reovirus type 3, and suid herpes virus 1). Terminal galactose-α-1,3-galactose and N-glycolylneuraminic acid, two non-human glycans, were undetectable in rFVIIIFc. Biochemical and in vitro biological analyses confirmed the purity, activity, and consistency of rFVIIIFc. In conclusion, this manufacturing process produces a highly pure product free of viruses, impurities, and non-human glycan structures, with scale capabilities to ensure a consistent and adequate supply of rFVIIIFc.
REVIEWS An Invitation to the Study of French. By WILSONJ. CAMERON and EVERETTWENDY E.. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1989. 155pp. Pb£7.95. (1991)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access An Invitation to the Study of French. By J. CAMERON WILSON and WENDY E. EVERETT. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1989. 155pp. Pb£7.95. GEOFFREY HARE GEOFFREY HARE UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XLV, Issue 3, July 1991, Page 375, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XLV.3.375 Published: 01 July 1991
A functional theory of design patterns (1997)

design elements. In the domain of physical devices, design patterns, called generic teleological mechanisms (or GTMs), specify generic functional relations and abstract causal structure of a class of devices. We describe a functional theory of acquisition, access, and use of GTMs, but focus on their use in analogical design. In this theory, GTMs are acquired by abstraction over known designs, accessed by goals of adapting a familiar design to meet new design requirements, and used by instantiation in the context of a familiar design. This account of design patterns is one part of a general theory of analogical design called model-based analogy (or MBA). The IDEAL system implements the MBA theory for conceptual design of physical devices and evaluates its account of design patterns. 1
The Engineering Application and Existing Problem Analysis of GFRP Bolt Supporting in Jinshandian Iron Mine (2012)

The ore and rock mass of Jinshandian iron mine is very cracked, the problem of development working failure is serious, the metal bolts supported failed is serious because of corrosion. Because of the good characteristics of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) anchor, the paper study of using GFRP bolt supporting to replace screw-thread steel bolt supporting. Based on the GFRP bolt supporting industrial test and monitoring in Jinshandian iron mine, the paper analysis the testing tunnels convergence deformation and discusses the GFRP bolt supporting problems in Jinshandian iron mine. Experiments show that, in Jinshandian Iron Mine using GFRP bolt or screw thread steel anchor supporting can achieve the same effect in controlling the deformation of tunnel, but the tail of GFRP bolt destroyed easily under blasting shock effect, and the nut easily shedding under the large tunnel deformation effect. Because of the reasons the GFRP bolt can not failed can not continue to provide effective extrusion pressure and the metal net fall off until the entire bolt failure. Furthermore, the GFRP bolt easily bending failure in the high ground pressure area. But from the whole testing development working stability, the GFRP bolt supporting tunnel is feasible in Jinshandian iron mine.
Acid-Degradable Particles for Protein-Based Vaccines:  Enhanced Survival Rate for Tumor-Challenged Mice Using Ovalbumin Model (2004)

Acid-degradable protein-loaded polymer particles show promise for antigen-based vaccines due to their ability to activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vitro. Protein loadings and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation efficiencies have now been enhanced through novel delivery vehicle designs. In particular, the use of a more hydrophilic acid-degradable cross-linker leads to increased water dispersibility and increased protein loading efficiency for the particles. A 2.5-fold increase in protein encapsulation allows the delivery of more protein antigen to antigen presenting cells (APCs) leading to a 20-fold rise in antigen presentation levels. The mechanism by which APCs internalize these particles was explored using the phagocytosis inhibitor, cytochalasin B. In addition, preliminary in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate the ability of the protein-loaded particles to provide immunity against tumors in mice, and an enhanced survival rate over the use of protein alone was observed, indicating that this vaccine delivery strategy has great practical potential.
Measles as a potential oncolytic virus (2004)

The use of replicating viruses for cancer therapy is attracting increasing interest. Numerous viruses are now being considered as potential cancer therapeutics, including the vaccine strain of measles virus (MV). The attenuated strain of measles readily lyses transformed cells, whilst replication and lysis are limited in normal human cells. It has a number of features which make it highly suitable for further development as an oncolytic agent, among them stability and a long history of safety in human use. These features are being combined with its ready potential for genetic manipulations to generate recombinant MVs with desirable therapeutic attributes. This review summarises the pre-clinical studies of the oncolytic efficacy of MV to date. Promising developments in MV engineering--such as re-targeting MV entry to specific cell types and enhancing its utility as a therapeutic agent by expression of non-viral proteins--as well as outstanding issues, such as the role of anti-MV immunity, are highlighted.
Synthesis of amphiphilic star block copolymers using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of amphiphilic star block copolymers using ring-opening metathesis polymerizationRandall S. Saunders, Robert E. Cohen, Seit Jean Wong, and Richard R. SchrockCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 7, 2055–2057Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00033a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00033a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views454Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selective inhibition of Escherichia coli protein synthesis and growth by nonionic oligonucleotides complementary to the 3′ end of 16S rRNA (1981)

A series of nonionic oligonucleotide analogues, the deoxyribooligonucleoside methylphosphonates, were synthesized. The base sequences of these compounds, d(ApGpGp), d(ApGpGp)(2), and d[(ApGpGp)(2)T], are complementary to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence (-A-C-C-U-C-C-U-) found at the 3' end of bacterial 16S rRNA. These nonionic oligonucleotide analogues were tested for their ability to inhibit the in vitro translation of mRNAs in cell-free systems of Escherichia coli and rabbit reticulocyte. In the E. coli system, both d(ApGpGp)(2) and d[(ApGpGp)(2)T] effectively inhibited MS-2 RNA-directed protein synthesis but they had much less effect on either poly(U)- or poly(A)-directed polypeptide synthesis. In the reticulocyte system, these compounds had no significant effect on the translation of globin mRNA. The observation that d[(ApGpGp)(2)[(3)H]T)] binds to 70S ribosomes (association constant, 2.0 x 10(4) M(-1), 37 degrees C) together with the specificity of the inhibitory action of these compounds on protein synthesis strongly suggests that inhibition of translation is a consequence of analogue binding to Shine-Dalgarno sequence of 16S rRNA. The oligonucleoside methylphosphonates inhibited both protein synthesis (without concurrent inhibition of RNA synthesis) and colony formation by E. coli ML 308-225 (a permeable mutant) whose cell wall contains negligible quantities of lipopolysaccharide but had no effect on wild-type E. coli B. Our preliminary results on the uptake of oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates by E. coli B show that these cells are not permeable to oligomers longer than 4 nucleotidyl units. Although oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates are taken up by mammalian cells in culture, this series of analogues had negligible inhibitory effects on colony formation by transformed human cells. This study indicates that this class of nonionic oligonucleotide analogues can be used to probe and regulate the function and structure of nucleic acids of defined sequence within living cells.
Polymer Structure Dependent Hierarchy in PolyMOC Gels (2016)

Polymer gels are often very soft due to their low branch functionality (f) and the inevitable presence of defects (e.g., primary loops or dangling chains). Polymer metal–organic cage (polyMOC) gels are a relatively new class of supramolecular gels with precisely defined junction structures made possible by subcomponent assembly of nanoscale MOCs connected by polymer chains. Herein, we report that variation of the molecular weight and architecture of the polymer component of polyMOCs provides an entry into gels with ultra-high f. For example, materials with f ∼ 9–12, i.e., ∼ 9–12 polymer chains connect each MOC within the gel network, are realized. As a consequence of their increased f, these gels display exemplary mechanical properties at low concentrations (down to 240 μM) of metal ions and only 5.4–5.9 wt % of polymer. Furthermore, X-ray and neutron scattering pointed to an additional level of structural hierarchy that arises from the assembly of M12L24 MOCs into clusters. The relationships between polymer and polyMOC network structure revealed here will facilitate the design of high-performance polyMOCs.
Triplex DNA and human disease (2007)

Mutagenesis is the fulcrum for the balance between the fidelity of the genetic code and evolution. While there are an enormous number of extrinsic factors driving mutagenesis, alternative DNA secondary structure is one of the intrinsic components that impacts regional genomic stability. Some alternative DNA structures are associated with human diseases, and this review focuses on disease-associated polypurine polypyrimidine mirror repeat sequences.
Germicidal Action of Bromine (1939)

Bromine is shown to be an effective germicidal agent against non-spore-forming microörganisms. Spore-forming bacteria are much more resistant. The element has marked specificity for Escherichia coli and Eberthella typhosa. Mold-spores were more resistant than yeasts or non-spore-forming bacteria.