gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Canonical Correlation Analysis for Multilabel Classification: A Least-Squares Formulation, Extensions, and Analysis (2010)

Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is a well-known technique for finding the correlations between two sets of multidimensional variables. It projects both sets of variables onto a lower-dimensional space in which they are maximally correlated. CCA is commonly applied for supervised dimensionality reduction in which the two sets of variables are derived from the data and the class labels, respectively. It is well-known that CCA can be formulated as a least-squares problem in the binary class case. However, the extension to the more general setting remains unclear. In this paper, we show that under a mild condition which tends to hold for high-dimensional data, CCA in the multilabel case can be formulated as a least-squares problem. Based on this equivalence relationship, efficient algorithms for solving least-squares problems can be applied to scale CCA to very large data sets. In addition, we propose several CCA extensions, including the sparse CCA formulation based on the 1-norm regularization. We further extend the least-squares formulation to partial least squares. In addition, we show that the CCA projection for one set of variables is independent of the regularization on the other set of multidimensional variables, providing new insights on the effect of regularization on CCA. We have conducted experiments using benchmark data sets. Experiments on multilabel data sets confirm the established equivalence relationships. Results also demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed CCA extensions.
FLT3 target practice (2004)

Comment on Levis et al, page [1145][1], and on Li et al, page [1137][2] 

Preclinical data are reported that provide novel approaches to targeting the transmembrane FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by combining a small molecule inhibitor of FLT3 (CEP-701) with
Preliminary Studies with an Implantable Multimodal A‐V Pacemaker for Reciprocating Atrioventricular Tachycardias (1980)

The efficacy of a recently developed programmable implantable pacemaker which can be used in the management of supraventricular tachycardias (with, or without, associated bradyarrhythmias) was evaluated in the cardiovascular laboratory and at the bedside in the coronary care unit. Although this pacemaker functions primarily in a DVI-DVO mode, it was also made (iatrogenically) to operate in a DOO mode. The study was performed in six patients with reciprocating atrioventricular tachycardias (four of the long P-R--short R-P type and two of the short P-R--long R-P type). Both DVI-DVO and DOO pacing abolished all episodes of tachycardia in five of the patients. However, DOO pacing was also capable of initiating episodes of tachycardia in two of the six patients. The events observed in two of the patients raise the possibility that (reversed) ventriculoatrial sequential pacing may be required in some tachycardias of the short P-R--long R-P type. This preliminary study suggests that programmability of pacing modes, rates, and intervals is a desirable feature that pacemakers used to manage drug-resistant tachycardias should have.
Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on rabbit proximal convoluted tubule transport. (1991)

This in vitro microperfusion study examined the effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) transport. Tubules were perfused with an ultrafiltrate-like solution and bathed in a serum-like albumin solution. Neither a physiologic (5 x 10(-10) M), nor a pharmacologic (5 x 10(-8) M) dose of growth hormone had an effect on PCT phosphate or bicarbonate transport, or volume absorption. Addition of 5 x 10(-9) M and 5 x 10(-8) M IGF-I, but not 5 x 10(-10) M IGF-I, to the bathing solution resulted in an increase (12-15%) in phosphate transport, but no change in volume absorption or bicarbonate transport. Addition of IGF-I to the luminal perfusate also stimulated phosphate transport. The effect was noted at a concentration of 5 x 10(-11) M IGF-I (27% stimulation) and was maximal at a concentration of 5 x 10(-10) M IGF-I (46% stimulation). There was no effect of luminal IGF-I on volume absorption or bicarbonate transport. These data indicate that growth hormone has no direct effect on PCT transport. In the PCT, IGF-I stimulates phosphate transport specifically and acts via both basolateral and apical membranes. However, the magnitude of the maximal response to the luminal addition of IGF-I was threefold greater than that measured upon addition of the hormone to the bath, and the stimulation occurred at a 100-fold lower concentration. These data are consistent with IGF-I mediating the in vivo stimulation of phosphate transport by growth hormone.
Decoding the auditory brain with canonical component analysis (2018)

The relation between a stimulus and the evoked brain response can shed light on perceptual processes within the brain. Signals derived from this relation can also be harnessed to control external devices for Brain Computer Interface (BCI) applications. While the classic event-related potential (ERP) is appropriate for isolated stimuli, more sophisticated "decoding" strategies are needed to address continuous stimuli such as speech, music or environmental sounds. Here we describe an approach based on Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) that finds the optimal transform to apply to both the stimulus and the response to reveal correlations between the two. Compared to prior methods based on forward or backward models for stimulus-response mapping, CCA finds significantly higher correlation scores, thus providing increased sensitivity to relatively small effects, and supports classifier schemes that yield higher classification scores. CCA strips the brain response of variance unrelated to the stimulus, and the stimulus representation of variance that does not affect the response, and thus improves observations of the relation between stimulus and response.
NVP-AUY922: A Novel Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor Active against Xenograft Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis (2008)

We describe the biological properties of NVP-AUY922, a novel resorcinylic isoxazole amide heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor. NVP-AUY922 potently inhibits HSP90 (K(d) = 1.7 nmol/L) and proliferation of human tumor cells with GI(50) values of approximately 2 to 40 nmol/L, inducing G(1)-G(2) arrest and apoptosis. Activity is independent of NQO1/DT-diaphorase, maintained in drug-resistant cells and under hypoxic conditions. The molecular signature of HSP90 inhibition, comprising induced HSP72 and depleted client proteins, was readily demonstrable. NVP-AUY922 was glucuronidated less than previously described isoxazoles, yielding higher drug levels in human cancer cells and xenografts. Daily dosing of NVP-AUY922 (50 mg/kg i.p. or i.v.) to athymic mice generated peak tumor levels at least 100-fold above cellular GI(50). This produced statistically significant growth inhibition and/or regressions in human tumor xenografts with diverse oncogenic profiles: BT474 breast tumor treated/control, 21%; A2780 ovarian, 11%; U87MG glioblastoma, 7%; PC3 prostate, 37%; and WM266.4 melanoma, 31%. Therapeutic effects were concordant with changes in pharmacodynamic markers, including induction of HSP72 and depletion of ERBB2, CRAF, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, phospho-AKT/total AKT, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, determined by Western blot, electrochemiluminescent immunoassay, or immunohistochemistry. NVP-AUY922 also significantly inhibited tumor cell chemotaxis/invasion in vitro, WM266.4 melanoma lung metastases, and lymphatic metastases from orthotopically implanted PC3LN3 prostate carcinoma. NVP-AUY922 inhibited proliferation, chemomigration, and tubular differentiation of human endothelial cells and antiangiogenic activity was reflected in reduced microvessel density in tumor xenografts. Collectively, the data show that NVP-AUY922 is a potent, novel inhibitor of HSP90, acting via several processes (cytostasis, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis) to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. NVP-AUY922 has entered phase I clinical trials.
Antiphosphatidyl serine antibodies are independently associated with ischemic stroke (1999)

This study demonstrates that elevated IgG and IgM antiphosphatidyl serine antibodies titers are associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke. The prevalence of these antibodies is lower, but the associated stroke risk is comparable with that of anticardiolipin antibodies.
Interviews With "Vapers": Implications for Future Research With Electronic Cigarettes (2011)

The learning curve to using e-cigs has important implications for laboratory tests of these devices with novice users. Similarly, the multiple e-cig options and the use of "mods" create challenges for researchers and policy makers. Transdisciplinary research is urgently needed, and experienced "vapers" are very interested and willing research participants.
Evidence of acceptability of oral paediatric medicines: a review (2016)

The review highlights where further information is required to support knowledge around acceptability of age-appropriate medicines. An algorithm to aid in selection of a formulation that is likely to be acceptable based on the age range to be treated by the medicine is presented as a result of this review.
A new clan of CBM families based on bioinformatics of starch‐binding domains from families CBM20 and CBM21 (2005)

Approximately 10% of amylolytic enzymes are able to bind and degrade raw starch. Usually a distinct domain, the starch-binding domain (SBD), is responsible for this property. These domains have been classified into families of carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM). At present, there are six SBD families: CBM20, CBM21, CBM25, CBM26, CBM34, and CBM41. This work is concentrated on CBM20 and CBM21. The CBM20 module was believed to be located almost exclusively at the C-terminal end of various amylases. The CBM21 module was known as the N-terminally positioned SBD of Rhizopus glucoamylase. Nowadays many nonamylolytic proteins have been recognized as possessing sequence segments that exhibit similarities with the experimentally observed CBM20 and CBM21. These facts have stimulated interest in carrying out a rigorous bioinformatics analysis of the two CBM families. The present analysis showed that the original idea of the CBM20 module being at the C-terminus and the CBM21 module at the N-terminus of a protein should be modified. Although the CBM20 functionally important tryptophans were found to be substituted in several cases, these aromatics and the regions around them belong to the best conserved parts of the CBM20 module. They were therefore used as templates for revealing the corresponding regions in the CBM21 family. Secondary structure prediction together with fold recognition indicated that the CBM21 module structure should be similar to that of CBM20. The evolutionary tree based on a common alignment of sequences of both modules showed that the CBM21 SBDs from alpha-amylases and glucoamylases are the closest relatives to the CBM20 counterparts, with the CBM20 modules from the glycoside hydrolase family GH13 amylopullulanases being possible candidates for the intermediate between the two CBM families.
Optical coherence topography based on a two-dimensional smart detector array (2001)

A low-coherence reflectometer based on a conventional Michelson interferometer and a novel silicon detector chip with a two-dimensional array of pixels that allows parallel heterodyne detection is presented. We demonstrate acquisition of three-dimensional images with more than 100,000 voxels per scan at a sensitivity of -58 dB and a rate of 6 Hz.
Transvaginal color Doppler sonography and conventional sonography in the preoperative assessment of adnexal masses (1997)

In premenopausal patients, TVS is clearly a more sensitive and more specific technique than CDS in correctly identifying benign and malignant ovarian tumors, whereas in postmenopausal patients, CDS gives useful additional information concerning blood vessel resistance. If CDS is used as an additional technique to TVS, it can increase the sensitivity and specificity of TVS in discriminating between benign and malignant ovarian tumors.
The plasmid‐encoded Yop2b protein of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a virulence determinant regulated by calcium and temperature at the level of transcription (1988)

The basic Yop2b protein, encoded by the virulence plasmid pIBI of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, is produced under Ca2+-deficient conditions. A mutant deleted for the entire yopH gene, which encodes the Yop2b protein, was found to be avirulent. Virulence could be restored by trans-complementation. The DNA-sequence of yopH predicted a 50 737 D polypeptide lacking a typical signal peptide. Transcription of yopH is regulated by both temperature and Ca2+-concentration. Mutations within the region of the virulence plasmid known to be involved in regulating gene expression in response to Ca2+ abolished transcription of yopH. Other temperature-sensitive mutations in the Ca2+-regulatory locus showed a high level of transcription regardless of Ca2+-concentration. These responses were similar to those of the yopE gene. The promoter region of the yopE and yopH genes were compared and four conserved motifs identified.
Secret Key Generation Rate With Power Allocation in Relay-Based LTE-A Networks (2015)

Long-term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) networks exploit low-power relay nodes, picocells and femtocells to boost throughput, enhance coverage, decrease latency, and reduce cost. End users in a relay-based LTE-A network can recruit relay nodes to cooperate as virtual antenna arrays, thereby reaping the benefits offered by multiple input single output (MIMO) techniques. Although the relay-based cooperative MIMO (coop MIMO) implementation in LTE-A networks improves performance, security issues are often overlooked. This paper introduces a physical layer security scheme for point-to-point networks, and extends this scheme to MIMO networks. Two practical relay-based coop MIMO architectures and corresponding secret key generation (SKG) schemes are presented. For both the MIMO and coop MIMO networks, the impact of proposed power allocation on SKG rate (SKGR) is quantified via the theoretical and numerical analysis. Results indicate that the proposed power allocation scheme can offer 15%-30% increase in SKGR relative to MIMO/coop MIMO networks with equal power allocation at low-power region, thereby improving network security.
In Defense of Pre-Trained ImageNet Architectures for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation of Road-Driving Images (2019)

Recent success of semantic segmentation approaches on demanding road driving datasets has spurred interest in many related application fields. Many of these applications involve real-time prediction on mobile platforms such as cars, drones and various kinds of robots. Real-time setup is challenging due to extraordinary computational complexity involved. Many previous works address the challenge with custom lightweight architectures which decrease computational complexity by reducing depth, width and layer capacity with respect to general purpose architectures. We propose an alternative approach which achieves a significantly better performance across a wide range of computing budgets. First, we rely on a light-weight general purpose architecture as the main recognition engine. Then, we leverage light-weight upsampling with lateral connections as the most cost-effective solution to restore the prediction resolution. Finally, we propose to enlarge the receptive field by fusing shared features at multiple resolutions in a novel fashion. Experiments on several road driving datasets show a substantial advantage of the proposed approach, either with ImageNet pre-trained parameters or when we learn from scratch. Our Cityscapes test submission entitled SwiftNetRN-18 delivers 75.5% MIoU and achieves 39.9 Hz on 1024×2048 images on GTX1080Ti.
Graphene-based nanocomposites: preparation, functionalization, and energy and environmental applications (2013)

Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon sheet with one atom thickness and one of the thinnest materials in universe, has inspired huge interest in physics, materials science, chemistry and biology. However, pure graphene sheets are limited for many applications despite their excellent characteristics and scientists face challenges to induce more and controlled functionality. Therefore graphene nanocomposites or hybrids are attracting increasing efforts for real applications in energy and environmental areas by introducing controlled functional building blocks to graphene. In this Review, we first give a brief introduction of graphene's unique physical and chemical properties followed by various preparation and functionalization methods for graphene nanocomposites in the second section. We focus on recent energy-related progress of graphene nanocomposites in solar energy conversion (e.g., photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical devices, artificial photosynthesis) and electrochemical energy devices (e.g., lithium ion battery, supercapacitor, fuel cell) in the third section. We then review the advances in environmental applications of functionalized graphene nanocomposites for the detection and removal of heavy metal ions, organic pollutants, gas and bacteria in the fourth section. Finally a conclusion and perspective is given to discuss the remaining challenges for graphene nanocomposites in energy and environmental science.
Double-sided CMOS fabrication technology (2001)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.
Structural analysis of precursor and product forms of type-common envelope glycoprotein D (CP-1 antigen) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (1979)

The type-common CP-1 antigen of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is associated in the infected cell with two components, a 52,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein (gp52 or pD) and a 59,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein (gp59 or D). The larger form (D) is also found in the virion envelope. It was postulated that pD is a precursor of D. We found that pD shared methionine and arginine tryptic peptides with D isolated from infected cell extracts. D isolated from infected extracts had the same trypric methionine peptide profile as D isolated from the virion envelope. Thus, processing of pD to D does not involve any major alterations in polypeptide structure. Furthermore, D did not share tryptic methionine peptides with the other major glycoproteins of HSV-1. Using [2-3H]mannose as a specific glycoprotein label, we found that pD, which is a basic protein (isoelectric point = 8.0) contained a 1,800-molecular-weight oligomannosyl core moiety and was processed by further glycosylation and sialyation to a more acidic and heterogeneous molecule D, which as a molecular weight of at least 59,000.
Application-specific foreign-interface generation (2006)

A foreign interface (FI) mechanism to support interoperability with libraries written in other languages (especially C) is an important feature in most high-level language implementations. Such FI mechanisms provide a Foreign Function Interface (FFI) for the high-level language to call C functions and marshaling and unmarshaling mechanisms to support conversion between the high-level and C data representations. Often, systems provide tools to automate the generation of FIs, but these tools typically lock the user into a specific model of interoperability. It is our belief that the policy used to craft the mapping between the high-level language and C should be distinct from the underlying mechanism used to implement the mapping.In this paper, we describe a FI generation tool, called FIG (for Foreign Interface Generator) that embodies a new approach to the problem of generating foreign interfaces for high-level languages. FIG takes as input raw C header files plus a declarative script that specifies the generation of the foreign interface from the header file. The script sets the policy for the translation, which allows the user to tailor the resulting FI to his or her application. We call this approach application-specific foreign-interface generation. The scripting language uses rewriting strategies as its execution model. The other major feature of the scripting language is a novel notion of composable typemaps that describe the mapping between high-level and low-level types.
Hexose enhances oligonucleotide delivery and exon skipping in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice (2016)

Carbohydrate-based infusion solutions are widely used in the clinic. Here we show that co-administration of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) with glucose enhances exon-skipping activity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) mdx mice. We identify a glucose-fructose (GF) formulation that potentiates PMO activity, completely corrects aberrant Dmd transcripts, restores dystrophin levels in skeletal muscles and achieves functional rescue without detectable toxicity. This activity is attributed to enhancement of GF-mediated PMO uptake in the muscle. We demonstrate that PMO cellular uptake is energy dependent, and that ATP from GF metabolism contributes to enhanced cellular uptake of PMO in the muscle. Collectively, we show that GF potentiates PMO activity by replenishing cellular energy stores under energy-deficient conditions in mdx mice. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into hexose-mediated oligonucleotide delivery and have important implications for the development of DMD exon-skipping therapy.
Cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase levels in early stroke and transient ischemic attacks. (1990)

We examined the concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase in the cerebrospinal fluid of 25 patients with strokes and 15 patients with transient ischemic attacks less than or equal to 8 hours after the onset of the vascular event and in a control group of 21 patients. We found significantly higher concentrations in the stroke patients (40.9 +/- 14.5 units/l) than in the transient ischemic attack patients (11.8 +/- 2.9 units/l, p less than 0.001) and the controls (11.2 +/- 6.7 units/l, p less than 0.001). Among the stroke patients, we found a significantly higher lactate dehydrogenase concentration in those with cortical strokes (n = 12, 50 +/- 12.3 units/l) than in those with lacunar white matter infarcts (n = 5, 26.4 +/- 6.5 units/l; p less than 0.001) and those with basal ganglia infarcts (n = 8, 36.37 +/- 11.7 units/l; p less than 0.05). Our study offers a supplementary examination for diagnosing cortical or subcortical infarction during the early stage of the event, with the possibility of distinguishing precisely stroke from transient ischemic attack during the first hours after onset of the event.