gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering-Scale Studies of Fluorination of Uranium Oxide with Bromine Pentafluoride (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEngineering-Scale Studies of Fluorination of Uranium Oxide with Bromine PentafluorideJ. T. Holmes, L. B. Koppel, J. D. Gabor, D. Ramaswami, and A. A. JonkeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1969, 8, 1, 43–51Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260029a008https://doi.org/10.1021/i260029a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
EPOXY-COATING CONTROVERSY SPURS NEW MATERIALS RESEARCH (1993)

Comments are made concerning the debate on the ability of epoxy-coating to provide long term corrosion protection of reinforcing steel in bridge decks and substructures. The debate has spurred research to find ways to improve epoxy coatings, as well as to develop new 'second generation' organic and inorganic coatings. Tests to determine the long term corrosion protection afforded by various coatings and types of reinforcing steel are being researched. Advocates of epoxy coatings quote the 20-year track record of such coatings, while detractors say that record is due to the use of better quality concrete and the deeper concrete cover over the rebar. The primary concerns of epoxy coating use, namely, defects and adhesion, are discussed, as well as specifications to ensure the quality of coating applications and the proper handling of the rebar.
Cisplatin-induced injury of the renal distal convoluted tubule is associated with hypomagnesaemia in mice (2012)

The present study identified the DCT as an important cisplatin-affected renal segment, explaining the high prevalence of hypomagnesaemia following treatment.
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Re-Sensitization of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Harboring Extended-Spectrum ��-Lactamases (2016)

Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, a genome editing technology, was shown to be versatile in treating several antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In the present study, we applied the CRISPR/ Cas9 technology to kill extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. ESBL bacteria are mostly multidrug resistant (MDR), and have plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance genes that can be easily transferred to other members of the bacterial community by horizontal gene transfer. To restore sensitivity to antibiotics in these bacteria, we searched for a CRISPR/Cas9 target sequence that was conserved among >1,000 ESBL mutants. There was only one target sequence for each TEM- and SHV-type ESBL, with each of these sequences found in ~200 ESBL strains of each type. Furthermore, we showed that these target sequences can be exploited to re-sensitize MDR cells in which resistance is mediated by genes that are not the target of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, but by genes that are present on the same plasmid as target genes. We believe our Re-Sensitization to Antibiotics from Resistance (ReSAFR) technology, which enhances the practical value of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, will be an effective method of treatment against plasmid-carrying MDR bacteria.
External Coordination of Europium(III) Prior to Its Encapsulation within a Cyclen-Based Pendant Donor Macrocycle (1998)

Evidence has been obtained for the precoordination of europium(III) to the eight pendant hydroxyl groups of two cyclen-derived macrocycles prior to its penetration into the four oxygen donor and four nitrogen donor binding cavity of one of them.
Biology and management of pancreatic cancer (2007)

Pancreatic cancer continues to pose an enormous challenge to clinicians and cancer scientists. With a more affluent world the global incidence of pancreatic cancer is rising. For the first time significant advances are now being made into the management of the disease. There is a more sophisticated approach to palliative care and the centralisation of pancreatic cancer services is leading to greater tumour resection rates. Newer adjuvant modalities are also greatly increasing the 5 year survival rates. The molecular basis of pancreatic cancer is now better understood than ever before, leading to the development of new diagnostic approaches and the introduction of mechanistic based treatments. Technical advances in imaging and great improvements in conventional and molecular pathology have led to a deeper understanding of the pathological variables of the disease. This is now an important time for making big inroads into what still remains the most lethal of the common cancers.
Efficient DNA Interstrand Cross-Link Formation from a Nucleotide Radical (2005)

5-(2'-Deoxyuridinyl)methyl radical (1) is produced during gamma-irradiation of DNA and other methods of oxidative stress. Independent generation of this reactive intermediate in duplex results in significant levels of DNA interstrand cross-links. Cross-link formation does not require O2 and involves reaction between the nucleotide where the radical is originally generated and the opposing deoxyadenosine. This is the first example in which formation of a nucleotide radical ultimately results in DNA-DNA cross-links. Interstrand DNA cross-links are difficult to repair and are believed to be the source of cytotoxicity of antitumor agents, such as mitomycin C. The efficient formation of DNA cross-links through 1 should provide the impetus for the design of DNA damaging agents that exploit this pathway.
Selection of Efficient Cleavage Sites in Target RNAs by Using a Ribozyme Expression Library (1995)

Inactivation of gene expression by antisense mechanisms in general and by ribozymes in particular is a powerful technique for studying the function of a gene product. We have designed a strategy for expression of ribozymes, for selection of accessible cleavage sites in target RNAs, and for isolation of ribozymes from a library of random sequences flanking the unique sequence of a hammerhead. The expression cassette for ribozyme genes is based on adenovirus-associated RNA. Alternatively, we used polymerase III or the T7 phage transcription machinery. The ribozyme sequences are positioned in the center of a stable stem-loop structure, allowing for a correctly folded ribozyme region within the expressed RNA. A library of ribozyme genes with random sequences of 13 nucleotides on both sides of the hammerhead was generated. As an example, ribozymes which are specific for seven sites within the mRNA or nuclear RNA of human growth hormone were selected and identified. Sequencing of ribozyme genes reamplified from the library confirmed not only the predicted cleavage sites but also the presence of different ribozyme variants in the library. In a test of the ribozyme variants for repression of growth hormone synthesis in a cellular assay, the strongest effect (more than 99% inhibition) was found for the variant with the shortest stretch of complementarity (7 and 8 nucleotides on either side) to the target RNA. This basic strategy seems to be applicable to the selection of suitable target sites and to the isolation of corresponding ribozymes for any mRNA of interest.
Small Peripheral Pulmonary Carcinomas Evaluated with Dynamic MR Imaging: Correlation with Tumor Vascularity and Prognosis (2003)

Dynamic MR imaging findings correlate with tumor vascularity and may be helpful in the prediction of prognosis.
Thermal Agitation of Electricity in Conductors (1928)

Statistical fluctuation of electric charge exists in all conductors, producing random variation of potential between the ends of the conductor. The effect of these fluctuations has been measured by a vacuum tube amplifier and thermocouple, and can be expressed by the formula ${\overline{I}}^{2}=(\frac{2kT}{\ensuremath{\pi}})\ensuremath{\int}{0}^{\ensuremath{\infty}}R(\ensuremath{\omega}){|Y(\ensuremath{\omega})|}^{2}d\ensuremath{\omega}$. $I$ is the observed current in the thermocouple, $k$ is Boltzmann's gas constant, $T$ is the absolute temperature of the conductor, $R(\ensuremath{\omega})$ is the real component of impedance of the conductor, $Y(\ensuremath{\omega})$ is the transfer impedance of the amplifier, and $\frac{\ensuremath{\omega}}{2\ensuremath{\pi}}=f$ represents frequency. The value of Boltzmann's constant obtained from the measurements lie near the accepted value of this constant. The technical aspects of the disturbance are discussed. In an amplifier having a range of 5000 cycles and the input resistance $R$ the power equivalent of the effect is $\frac{{\overline{V}}^{2}}{R}=0.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ watt, with corresponding power for other ranges of frequency. The least contribution of tube noise is equivalent to that of a resistance ${R}_{c}=1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\frac{{10}^{5}{i}_{p}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}$, where ${i}_{p}$ is the space current in milliamperes and $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is the effective amplification of the tube.
Description logic programs (2003)

We show how to interoperate, semantically and inferentially, between the leading Semantic Web approaches to rules (RuleML Logic Programs) and ontologies (OWL/DAML+OIL Description Logic) via analyzing their expressive intersection. To do so, we define a new intermediate knowledge representation (KR) contained within this intersection: Description Logic Programs (DLP), and the closely related Description Horn Logic (DHL) which is an expressive fragment of first-order logic (FOL). DLP provides a significant degree of expressiveness, substantially greater than the RDF-Schema fragment of Description Logic. We show how to perform DLP-fusion: the bidirectional translation of premises and inferences (including typical kinds of queries) from the DLP fragment of DL to LP, and vice versa from the DLP fragment of LP to DL. In particular, this translation enables one to "build rules on top of ontologies": it enables the rule KR to have access to DL ontological definitions for vocabulary primitives (e.g., predicates and individual constants) used by the rules. Conversely, the DLP-fusion technique likewise enables one to "build ontologies on top of rules": it enables ontological definitions to be supplemented by rules, or imported into DL from rules. It also enables available efficient LP inferencing algorithms/implementations to be exploited for reasoning over large-scale DL ontologies.
Discovery of a Pharmacologically Active Antagonist of the Two‐Pore‐Domain Potassium Channel K2P9.1 (TASK‐3) (2011)

TWIK-related acid-sensitive K(+) (K(2P) 9.1, TASK-3) ion channels have the capacity to regulate the activity of neuronal pathways by influencing the resting membrane potential of neurons on which they are expressed. The central nervous system (CNS) expression of these channels suggests potential roles in neurologic disorders, and it is believed that the development of TASK-3 antagonists could lead to the therapeutic treatment of a number of neurological conditions. While a therapeutic potential for TASK-3 channel modulation exists, there are only a few documented examples of potent and selective small-molecule channel blockers. Herein, we describe the discovery and lead optimization efforts for a novel series of TASK-3 channel antagonists based on a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine high-throughput screening lead from which a subseries of potent and selective inhibitors were identified. One compound was profiled in detail with respect to its physical properties and demonstrated pharmacological target engagement as indicated by its ability to modulate sleep architecture in rodent electroencephalogram (EEG) telemetry models.
Directed evolution of a recombinase for improved genomic integration at a native human sequence (2001)

We previously established that a unidirectional site-specific recombinase, the phage phiC31 integrase, can mediate integration into mammalian chromosomes. The enzyme directs integration of plasmids bearing the phage attB recognition site into pseudo attP sites, a set of native sequences related to the phage attP recognition site. Here we use two cycles of DNA shuffling and screening in Escherichia coli to obtain evolved integrases that possess significant improvements in integration frequency and sequence specificity at a pseudo attP sequence located on human chromosome 8, when measured in the native genomic environment of living human cells. Such integrases represent custom integration tools that will be useful for modifying the genomes of higher eukaryotic cells.
Evaluating the In Vitro Inhibition of UGT1A1, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, MRP2, and BSEP in Predicting Drug-Induced Hyperbilirubinemia (2013)

Hyperbilirubinemia may arise due to inadequate clearance of bilirubin from the body. Bilirubin elimination is a multifaceted process consisting of uptake of bilirubin into the hepatocytes facilitated by OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. Once in the hepatocytes, it is extensively glucuronidated by UGT1A1. Eventually, the glucuronide metabolite is excreted into the bile via MRP2. UGT1A1 inhibition has been previously shown to be linked with hyperbilirubinemia. However, because drug transporters also contribute to bilirubin elimination, the purpose of this work was to investigate the in vitro inhibition of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, MRP2, and BSEP of select test drugs known to elicit hyperbilirubinemia. Test drugs investigated in this study were atazanavir and indinavir, which are associated with hyperbilirubinemia and elevations in serum transaminase; ritonavir and nelfinavir, which are not associated with hyperbilirubinemia; and bromfenac, troglitazone, and trovafloxacin, which are associated with severe idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity exhibiting elevations in serum bilirubin and transaminase. Due to limited solubility and poor ionization of bilirubin and its glucuronide, the formation of estradiol 3-glucuronide was used as a surrogate to assess UGT1A1 activity, while the transport of pitavastatin, CDCF, and taurocholate were used as surrogate probe substrates to monitor the function of OATP1B1/OATP1B3, MRP2, and BSEP, respectively. It was assumed that any inhibition of the surrogate probe substrates by test drugs is indicative of the potential impact of test drugs to modulate the function of proteins involved in bilirubin disposition. In vitro inhibition was determined by calculating IC50. Moreover, Cmax and Cmax,free were integrated with IC50 values to calculate R and Rfree, respectively, which represents the ratio of probe drug glucuronidation/transport in the absence and presence of test drugs. Analysis of the data showed that Rfree demonstrated the best correlation to hyperbilirubinemia. Specifically, Rfree was above the 1.1 target threshold against UGT1A1, OATP1B1, and BSEP for atazanavir and indinavir. In contrast, Rfree was below this threshold for ritonavir and nelfinavir as well as for bromfenac, troglitazone, and trovafloxacin. For all test drugs examined, only minor inhibition against OATP1B3 and MRP2 were observed. These data suggest that the proposed surrogate probe substrates to evaluate the in vitro inhibition of UGT1A1, OATP1B1, and BSEP may be suitable to assess bilirubin disposition. For protease inhibitors, inclusion of OATP1B1 and BSEP inhibition may improve the predictability of hyperbilirubinemia.
Sustained correction of FVII deficiency in dogs using AAV-mediated expression of zymogen FVII (2015)

Factor VII (FVII) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder treated by infusion of fresh-frozen plasma, plasma-derived FVII concentrates and low-dose recombinant activated FVII. Clinical data suggest that a mild elevation of plasma FVII levels (>10% normal) results in improved hemostasis. Research dogs with a G96E missense FVII mutation (FVII-G96E) have <1% FVII activity. By western blot, we show that they have undetectable plasmatic antigen, thus representing the most prevalent type of human FVII deficiency (low antigen/activity). In these dogs, we determine the feasibility of a gene therapy approach using liver-directed, adeno-associated viral (AAV) serotype 8 vector delivery of a canine FVII (cFVII) zymogen transgene. FVII-G96E dogs received escalating AAV doses (2E11 to 4.95E13 vector genomes [vg] per kg). Clinically therapeutic expression (15% normal) was attained with as low as 6E11 vg/kg of AAV and has been stable for >1 year (ongoing) without antibody formation to the cFVII transgene. Sustained and supraphysiological expression of 770% normal was observed using 4.95E13 vg/kg of AAV (2.6 years, ongoing). No evidence of pathological activation of coagulation or detrimental animal physiology was observed as platelet counts, d-dimer, fibrinogen levels, and serum chemistries remained normal in all dogs (cumulative 6.4 years). We observed a transient and noninhibitory immunoglobulin G class 2 response against cFVII only in the dog receiving the highest AAV dose. In conclusion, in the only large-animal model representing the majority of FVII mutation types, our data are first to demonstrate the feasibility, safety, and long-term duration of AAV-mediated correction of FVII deficiency.
Flavonoids of St. John’s Wort Reduce HPA Axis Function in the Rat (2004)

A common biological alteration in patients with major depression is the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, manifested as hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol. The hyperactivity of the HPA axis in depressed patients can be corrected during clinically effective therapy with standard antidepressant drugs such as imipramine, indicating that the HPA axis may be an important target for antidepressant action. We previously showed that a methanolic extract of St. John's Wort (SJW) and hypericin, one of its active constituents, both have delayed effects on the expression of genes that are involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis , whereas the phloroglucinol derivative hyperforin was inactive in the same model . Since flavonoids of SJW are also discussed as active constituents it was of interest to determine whether these compounds can modulate HPA axis function. Imipramine (15 mg/kg), hypericin (0.2 mg/kg), hyperoside (0.6 mg/kg), isoquercitrin (0.6 mg/kg) and miquelianin (0.6 mg/kg) given daily by gavage for two weeks significantly down-regulated circulating plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone by 40 - 70 %. However, none of the compounds tested had an effect on plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels after chronic treatment (daily gavage for 8 weeks). Our data suggest that besides hypericin, flavonoids of SJW play an important role in the modulation of HPA axis function. Furthermore, the results support the hypothesis that flavonoids are involved in the antidepressant effects of SJW.
STRICTLY MONOFUNCTIONAL METHYL ETHERS OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) AND THE RELATED METHACRYLATE MACROMONOMERS (2000)

Monomethyl ethers of poly(ethylene glycol) with M = 2000 and 5000 and free of PEG admixtures were prepared by the living anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide under the action of alcoholate of methyl ether of triethylene glycol. Their molecular characteristics and purity were studied by vapor-pressure osmometry, IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography under critical conditions. With respect to the content of monomethyl ethers of PEG (according to NMR spectroscopy, this value is 96.8-99.4%), the resulting polymers are close to the polymers prepared by the chromatographic purification of their commercial analogs (97.1-99.9%), which contained up to 25% PEG before purification. Methacrylation of homogeneous methyl ethers of PEG yielded macromonomers with a functionality not exceeding 1.0. Preliminary experiments showed that polymerization of these macromonomers leads to soluble polymers, whereas macromonomers prepared from the commercial methyl ethers of PEG and containing branching dimethacrylate give rise to the crosslinked polymers. A preliminary characterization of the soluble products was performed. Their hydrodynamic parameters in an aqueous medium are consistent with a compact, presumably star-shaped structure of macromolecules, and the number of arms for various samples ranges from 25 to 120. These estimates are close by an order of magnitude to the data derived from the study of the elastic behavior of PEO hydrogels, in which similar star-shaped fragments play the role of network junctions.
Direct Ionization of Large Proteins and Protein Complexes by Desorption Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (2011)

Desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) has advantages for rapid sample analysis with little or no sample pretreatment, but performance for large biomolecules has not been demonstrated. In this study, liquid sample DESI, an extended version of DESI used for analysis of liquid samples, was shown to have capabilities for direct ionization of large noncovalent protein complexes (>45 kDa) and proteins (up to 150 kDa). Protein complex ions (e.g., superoxide dismutase, enolase, and hemoglobin) desorbed from solution by liquid sample DESI were measured intact, indicating the capability of DESI for preserving weak noncovalent interactions. Doping the DESI spray solvent with supercharging reagents resulted in protein complex ions having increased multiple charging without complex dissociation. Ion mobility measurements of model protein cytochrome c showed that the supercharging reagent favored the more compact conformation for the lower charged protein ions. Liquid sample DESI of hydrophobic peptide gramicidin D suggests that the ionization mechanism involves a droplet pick-up mixing process. Measurement of liquid samples significantly extends the mass range of DESI-MS, allowing the analysis of high-mass proteins such as 150 kDa immunoglobulin G (IgG) and thus represents the largest protein successfully ionized by DESI to date.
An empirical study on the security of cross-domain policies in rich internet applications (2011)

Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight are two widely adopted platforms for providing Rich Internet Applications (RIA) over the World Wide Web. The need for RIAs to retrieve content hosted on different domains, in order to enrich user experience, led to the use of cross-domain policies by content providers. Cross-domain policies define the list of RIA hosting domains that are allowed to retrieve content from the content provider's domain. Misinterpretation or misconfigurations of the policies may give the opportunity to malicious RIAs to access and handle users' private data.
Risk factors for depressive symptoms after mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (2008)

Perceived stress, one indicator of allostatic load, explains a considerable amount of the variance in depressive symptoms after mild-moderate TBI. The findings suggest a need for earlier identification of, as well as preventative education with, those who are stress-vulnerable.