gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Actin Filament Network in Burkholderia multivorans Invasion in Well-Differentiated Human Airway Epithelia (2003)

The role of the actin-based cytoskeleton in the internalization process of Burkholderia multivorans by well-differentiated human airway epithelia was investigated by immunohistology and confocal microscopy. Our data suggest that an intact actin cytoskeleton is required for biofilm formation but not single cell entry or paracytosis.
Erythropoietin-Induced Activation of STAT5 Is Impaired in the Myelodysplastic Syndrome (1997)

Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) have ineffective in vivo and in vitro erythropoiesis, characterized by an impaired response to erythropoietin (Epo). We examined proliferation and maturation of MDS marrow cells in response to Epo in more detail. Epo-dependent DNA synthesis as well as induction of GATA-1 binding activity in marrow cells from 15 MDS cases were severely reduced as compared with normal bone marrow (NBM). Additionally, the appearance of morphologically identifiable erythroid cells was decreased in MDS cell cultures. These data indicate that both the Epo-dependent proliferation as well as the differentiation induction by Epo is suppressed. To study more upstream events of the Epo signal transduction route we investigated activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5. In all 15 MDS samples tested, STAT5 activation was absent or greatly suppressed in response to Epo. In contrast, interleukin-3 induced a normal STAT5 response in MDS cells. Further, in MDS the subset of CD71+ BM cells that is phenotypically similar to Epo-responsive cells in normal marrow, was present. We conclude that the Epo response in MDS is disturbed at an early point in the Epo receptor (EpoR) signal transduction pathway.
The trials and travails of interactive TV (1996)

Experiments and limited commercial rollouts of interactive television continue, delivered over wired networks of various combinations of fiber optics, coaxial cable, and twisted wire-pairs. Attention, though, is turning to technologies that may bring swifter market success: wireless cable and cable modems. The author describes these technologies and discusses some of the interactive TV trials taking place in the USA.
Randomized Study of High-Dose and Low-Dose Interleukin-2 in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cancer (2003)

Major tumor regressions, as well as complete responses, were seen with all regimens tested. IL-2 was more clinically active at maximal doses, although this did not produce an overall survival benefit. The immunological factors which constrain the curative potential of IL-2 to only a small percentage of patients need to be further elucidated.
Trans-Splicing Vectors Expand the Packaging Limits of Adeno-Associated Virus for Gene Therapy Applications (2003)

The limited packaging capacity of adeno-associated virus (AAV) has long been recognized as one of the most troublesome obstacles for the development of this gene delivery system. This size constraint derives from the inherent properties of the wild-type AAV virus. As the smallest DNA virus, the assembly of the AAV capsid can only accommodate a single-strand (ss) DNA molecule of less than 5 kb. Therefore, the majority of AAV-based gene therapy protocols have focused on developing this vector for small disease genes, such as factor IX in hemophilia B. Despite this seemly “narrow” area of application, recombinant AAV (rAAV) has still attracted tremendous interest in the field of gene therapy and has become one of the mainstream vectors on trial for clinical applications. Remarkable therapeutic effects for several common genetic diseases, such as diabetes (1) and hemophilia B (2–4), have been demonstrated in small and large animal models. Phase I dose-escalation studies in hemophilia B patients presented favorable clinical outcomes in the absence of significant toxicity and germline transmission (5). The success of AAV gene therapy relies on several salient features of the vector system, including its high efficiency and persistence of gene transfer. AAV is also one of the safest viral vector systems because of the ability to easily delete all viral genes in the recombinant vector. The wild-type virus is not linked to any known human diseases, and the recombinant vector does not evoke harmful cellular immune response. The remarkable progress in AAV-mediated gene therapy for “small gene diseases” has inspired those in the field to develop AAV vectors for the diseases caused by genes larger than 5 kb. Recent breakthroughs in several laboratories have proven the feasibility of overcoming AAV packaging limitations (6–9). In this chapter, we will first review the theoretic basis for this novel AAV vector strategy and then provide detailed working protocols, along with examples, as a guide for generating dual vector trans-splicing systems.
Spin trapping with covalently immobilized .alpha.-phenyl-N-[(1-hydroxy-2-methyl)-2-propyl] nitrone (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpin trapping with covalently immobilized .alpha.-phenyl-N-[(1-hydroxy-2-methyl)-2-propyl] nitroneEric E. Bancroft, Henry N. Blount, and Edward G. JanzenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1980, 84, 5, 557–558Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100442a024https://doi.org/10.1021/j100442a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Phenotypic variability in friedreich ataxia: Role of the associated GAA triplet repeat expansion (1997)

We studied genotype-phenotype correlations in a group of 100 patients with typical Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), and in three groups of patients with atypical clinical presentations, including 44 Acadian FRDA, 8 late-onset FRDA (LOFA), and 6 FRDA with retained reflexes (FARR). All patients, except 3 with typical FRDA, carried two copies of the FRDA-associated GAA triplet repeat expansion. Overall, the phenotypic spectrum of FRDA appeared to be wider than defined by the currently used diagnostic criteria. Our study indicated the existence of several sources of variability in FRDA. Patients with larger GAA expansions tended to have earlier onset and were more likely to show additional manifestations of the disease. Mitotic instability of the expanded GAA repeats may partially account for the limited degree of correlation between expansion sizes as determined in lymphocytes and clinical parameters. Some clinical variants associated with specific FRDA haplotypes, such as Acadian FRDA and FARR, turned out to be unrelated to expansion sizes. No polymorphism in the frataxin coding sequence could be associated with these clinical variants.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Phthalonitriles and Phthalocyanines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Computer-Aided Studies of Complex Soil Moduli (1985)

Low-cost microcomputers and new electronic components make it possible to measure accurately the phase and amplitude of mechanical waves in the frequency domain at a small fraction of the cost that prevailed only a few years ago. Both laboratory and field experiments benefit from this capability and this paper presents examples of both. In a series of new laboratory experiments the authors have measured the phase and amplitude of both the driving torque and the resulting torsional motion of a cylindrical specimen. Motion is sensed with a capacitive, noncontact probe and torque is measured by use of a torque beam instrumented with a silicon strain-gage bridge. The microcomputer and Fourier transform techniques are also used in the interpretation of some of field work involving Rayleigh and Stoneley waves.
Bactericidal action of lysozymes attached with various sizes of hydrophobic peptides to the C‐terminal using genetic modification (1997)

The genetic modification of lysozyme was attempted to improve the bactericidal activity against Gram-negative bacteria E. coli. The different lengths of hydrophobic peptides were attached to the C-terminus of the hen egg white lysozyme to investigate the most effective length of the hydrophobic peptides for killing bacteria. The oligonucleotides encoding Phe-Val-Pro (H3), Phe-Phe-Val-Ala-Pro (H5) and Phe-Phe-Val-Ala-Ile-Ile-Pro (H7) were fused to the C-terminus Leu 129 of lysozyme cDNA. The reconstructed cDNAs were inserted into the yeast expression vector. The hydrophobic peptide-fused lysozymes were secreted in the yeast carrying the reconstructed cDNA. Although the hydrophobic peptide-fused lysozymes retained 75 80% lytic activity of the wild-type protein, the bactericidal action to E. coli was greatly increased with the length of hydrophobic peptides. These results suggest that the hydrophobic peptides play an important role in killing Gram-negative bacteria. To elucidate the role of catalytic domain in bactericidal action of the hydrophobic fusion lysozyme (H5-Lz), the mutant hydrophobic lysozyme (H5/E35A-Lz) whose glutamic acid was substituted with alanine at the position 35 was constructed to diminish the catalytic activity. The mutant hydrophobic lysozyme (H5/E35A-Lz) was greatly lost the bactericidal action to E. coli, suggesting that not only the length of hydrophobic peptide fused to C-terminus but also the catalytic domain is important for the bactericidal action of the hydrophobic peptide-fused lysozyme.
Familial Alzheimer disease in Latinos (2006)

APOE-epsilon4 and stroke independently increase risk of familial Alzheimer disease (AD) among Latinos, and may interact to further increase AD risk. Among women, the risk of AD associated with APOE-epsilon4 may be attenuated by a history of ERT.
Cellular and Molecular Characterization of Microglia: A Unique Immune Cell Population (2017)

Microglia are essential for the development and function of the adult brain. Microglia arise from erythro-myeloid precursors in the yolk sac and populate the brain rudiment early during development. Unlike monocytes that are constantly renewed from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells throughout life, resident microglia in the healthy brain persist during adulthood <i>via</i> constant self-renewal. Their ontogeny, together with the absence of turnover from the periphery and the singular environment of the central nervous system, make microglia a unique cell population. Supporting this notion, recent genome-wide transcriptional studies revealed specific gene expression profiles clearly distinct from other brain and peripheral immune cells. Here, we highlight the breakthrough studies that, over the last decades, helped elucidate microglial cell identity, ontogeny, and function. We describe the main techniques that have been used for this task and outline the crucial milestones that have been achieved to reach our actual knowledge of microglia. Furthermore, we give an overview of the "microgliome" that is currently emerging thanks to the constant progress in the modern profiling techniques.
Janus Particles: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, Physical Properties, and Applications (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTJanus Particles: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, Physical Properties, and ApplicationsAndreas Walther*† and Axel H. E. Müller*‡View Author Information† DWI at RWTH Aachen University − Institute for Interactive Materials Research, D-52056 Aachen, Germany‡ Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany*E-mail: [email protected] (A.W.); [email protected] (A.H.E.M.).Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 7, 5194–5261Publication Date (Web):April 4, 2013Publication History Received2 March 2012Published online4 April 2013Published inissue 10 July 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr300089thttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr300089treview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64913Altmetric-Citations1491LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Interfaces,Liquids,Nanoparticles,Polymer particles,Self organization Get e-Alerts
The Standard Redox Potential of Cysteine-Cystine from the Thiol-Disulphide Exchange Reaction with Glutathione and Lipoic Acid (1967)

Thiol-disulphide exchange between glutathione (GSH) and cystine (CSSC) or oxidised glutathione (GSSG) and cysteine (CSH) has been followed by assaying GSH and GSSG specifically at low pH during the reaction. Velocity and equilibrium constants have been derived. From the latter and the known standard oxidation-reduction potential (E0′) of GSH/GSSG, E0′ (pH 7) of CSH/CSSC is found to be -0.22 volt. The course of the reaction of both these pairs with dihydrolipoic acid/lipoic acid has been inferred from absorbance changes at 330 mμ. Results confirm that their E0′ values are considerably more positive than for the dihydrolipoic acid/lipoic acid system.
Reflexões ontológicas acerca do direito administrativo. Doi: 10.5020/2317-2150.2001.v06n1p71 (2010)

Partindo de uma ontologia do Direito Administrativo, este artigo busca compreender os conceitos principais, estabelecendo uma interpretação crítica.
Primary Rat Mesencephalic Neuron-Glia, Neuron-Enriched, Microglia-Enriched, and Astroglia-Enriched Cultures (2003)

Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, despite decades of research, the cause of PD and the underlying mechanism of action responsible for the progressive degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons remain poorly understood (1). The creation of rodent and primate models for PD has provided a valuable tool in the study of the pathogenetic progression of the disease (2). On the other hand, primary neural cell cultures have become extremely valuable in the delineation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuronal death. In light of the increasing appreciation of the role brain immune cells play in the neurodegenerative process (3), establishment of enriched primary cultures of neurons, microglia, and astroglia enables the dissection of the complex in vivo system in an in vitro setting. The utility of these cultures has helped gain critical information on the role each cell type plays and the potential factors produced by individual cell types that contribute to the neurodegeneration (4–10). Here we describe our laboratory’s routinely used procedures for establishing primary mixed mesencephalic neuron-glia, mixed glia, neuron-enriched, microglia-enriched, and astroglia-enriched cultures.
Fourier Transform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFourier Transform Ion Mobility SpectrometryF. J. Knorr, R. L. Eatherton, W. F. Siems, and H. H. HillCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 2, 402–406Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50001a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50001a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views601Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment of Type 1 Myotonic Dystrophy by Engineering Site-specific RNA Endonucleases that Target (CUG)n Repeats (2013)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by the expansion of (CTG)n in the 3' untranslated region of the dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase (DMPK) gene, which is transcribed as (CUG)n repeats that accumulate in the nucleus. The RNA repeats specifically sequester or change the expression levels of several RNA-binding proteins, leading to aberrant splicing of many target genes. In this study, we developed artificial site-specific RNA endonucleases (ASREs) that specifically bind and cleave (CUG)n repeats RNA. We have generated one ASRE that can target the expanded RNA repeats in DM1 patient cells and specifically degrade the pathogenic DMPK messenger RNAs with minimal effect on wild-type alleles. Such ASRE treatment significantly decreased the number of nuclear foci in DM1 patient cells and can reverse the missplicing of many genes affected in DM1 patients. Taken together, the application of ASRE provides a new route of gene therapy for DM1 treatment.
The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Diabetes Mellitus (2012)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease that adversely affects multiple vascular components from early in its course. Current evidence implicates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors in diverse pathways associated with the development and progression of diabetic microvascular complications. In diabetic nephropathy, altered MMPs expression contributes to extracellular matrix deposition and glomerular hypertrophy that eventually lead to proteinuria and renal insufficiency. In diabetic cardiomyopathy, MMPs participate in the breakdown of collagen and elastin, myocardial remodelling as well as the vulnerability of the coronary plaque. The development of diabetic peripheral arterial disease is mediated by the impaired angiogenesis caused by the activity of MMPs. Experimental data support an integral role of MMPs in cerebral circulation and stroke volume in diabetes. An excess of MMPs may contribute in poor diabetic wound healing. Future research should further clarify the role of MMPs within the pathophysiological substrate of diabetes, as well as potential therapeutic options.
Waterflooding (1986)

Waterflooding is an important method of improving recovery, but successful waterflood performance requires a sound design. Waterflooding begins with understanding the basic principles of immiscible displacement, then presents a systematic procedure for designing a waterflood. The emphasis is on fundamental concepts and their application in solving various waterflooding problems. Design procedures that can be prepared as small computer programs and selected computer subprograms for more complex designs are presented.
Programmable universal logic module (1976)

A simple Programmable Universal Logic Module (PULM), using the disjunctive canonical form, is presented. It is also shown that off the shelf multiplexers can be used as PULMs. An efficient method of implementing Programmable Universal Logic Circuit (PULC) is outlined.
Preparation and in vitro bioactivity of zinc containing sol‐gel–derived bioglass materials (2004)

Bioactive glass material of the type CaO--P(2)O(5)--SiO(2)--ZnO was obtained by the sol-gel processing method. This material was produced both in powder and in disks form by compression of the powder. The obtained material was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and surface electron micrograph (SEM). The bioactivity was examined in vitro with respect to the ability of hydroxyapatite layer to form on the surface as a result of contact with simulated body fluid (SBF). The XRD and FTIR studies were conducted before and after contact of the material with SBF. The gel-derived materials were amorphous as shown by XRD, but were able to crystallize calcium phosphates on their surfaces when exposed to SBF. We also examined the alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity of osteoblasts, using human fetal osteoblastic cells (hFOB 1.19) cultured on the zinc bioglass, and compared it with the polystyrene plates. The bone cells consistently expressed higher AP activity in the zinc bioglass materials compared with the polystyrene plates, which indicates the zinc containing composition stimulates bone cells production of AP.
Protein Assembly by Orthogonal Chemical Ligation Methods (2003)

Chemical synthesis harbors the potential to provide ready access to natural proteins as well as to create nonnatural ones. The Staudinger ligation of a peptide containing a C-terminal phosphinothioester with a peptide containing an N-terminal azide gives an amide with no residual atoms. This method for amide bond formation is orthogonal and complementary to other ligation methods. Herein, we describe the first use of the Staudinger ligation to couple peptides on a solid support. The fragment thus produced is used to assemble functional ribonuclease A via native chemical ligation. The synthesis of a protein by this route expands the versatility of chemical approaches to protein production.