gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Division and differentiation of natural antibody-producing cells in mouse spleen (2007)

B-1a cells reside in both the peritoneal cavity and the spleen. LPS stimulates splenic B-1a to differentiate to plasma cells producing natural IgM specific for microbial and self antigens. However, there are conflicting views as to whether the B-1a cells divide before this differentiation occurs, and hence how the resident B-1a population is maintained in the spleen. Studies here resolve this dispute in favor of both sides: we show that (some or all) B-1a cells resident in the spleen respond to LPS by differentiating to plasma cells immediately, without dividing; however, we also show that additional B-1a cells immigrate into the spleen after LPS stimulation and divide at least once before differentiating. Importantly, the studies we presently describe reveal the complex cell migration and differentiation events that collectively underlie the rapid production of natural antibodies in response to in vivo LPS stimulation. Thus, the studies present a different view of the roles that B-1a cells play in the early phases of the innate immune response.
Prevention of immediate recurrence of atrial fibrillation with low‐dose landiolol after radiofrequency catheter ablation (2015)

Prophylactic administration of low-dose landiolol after AF ablation may be effective and safe for preventing immediate AF recurrence within 3 d after AF ablation.
New Static Var Compensator Control Strategy and Coordination With Under-Load Tap Changer (2006)

The static var compensator (SVC) has fast dynamic characteristics that can support effective system voltage following disturbances. Keeping reactive power reserve in an SVC during steady-state operation is always needed to provide reactive power requirements during system dynamics. This paper presents a new SVC control strategy with two stages of regulation slopes and two voltage regulation controls, which are fixed-voltage reference control and variable (floating) voltage reference control. The aim of this control is to limit the reactive power output from the SVC to the desired value during the steady-state voltage range and compensate the reactive power requirement from the upstream networks via the coordination with the under-load tap changer (ULTC). However, when the voltage deviates the steady-state voltage range, the SVC will react to support the system voltage using the SVC reactive power reserve. When a disturbance results in a new operating point, with a steady-state reactive-power output, the variable voltage reference control effectively changes the SVC output slowly and returns it within the steady-state margin.
Dominant Intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disorder Is Not Due to a Catalytic Defect in Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase (2011)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorder (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy, afflicting 1 in every 2500 Americans. One form of this disease, Dominant Intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorder type C (DI-CMTC), is due to mutation of the gene encoding the cytoplasmic tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS). Three different TyrRS variants have been found to give rise to DI-CMTC: replacing glycine at position 41 by arginine (G41R), replacing glutamic acid at position 196 by lysine (E196K), and deleting amino acids 153-156 (Δ(153-156)). To test the hypothesis that DI-CMTC is due to a defect in the ability of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase to catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA(Tyr), we have expressed each of these variants as recombinant proteins and used single turnover kinetics to characterize their abilities to catalyze the activation of tyrosine and its subsequent transfer to the 3' end of tRNA(Tyr). Two of the variants, G41R and Δ(153-156), display a substantial decrease in their ability to bind tyrosine (>100-fold). In contrast, the E196K substitution does not significantly affect the kinetics for formation of the tyrosyl-adenylate intermediate and actually increases the rate at which the tyrosyl moiety is transferred to tRNA(Tyr). The observation that the E196K substitution does not decrease the rate of catalysis indicates that DI-CMTC is not due to a catalytic defect in tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase.
HEHEHE-Tagged Affibody Molecule May Be Purified by IMAC, Is Conveniently Labeled with [99mTc(CO)3]+, and Shows Improved Biodistribution with Reduced Hepatic Radioactivity Accumulation (2010)

Affibody molecules are a class of small (ca. 7 kDa) robust scaffold proteins suitable for radionuclide molecular imaging of therapeutic targets in vivo. A hexahistidine tag at the N-terminus streamlines development of new imaging probes by enabling facile purification using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), as well as convenient [⁹⁹(m)Tc(CO)₃](+)-labeling. However, previous studies in mice have demonstrated that Affibody molecules labeled by this method yield higher liver accumulation of radioactivity, compared to the same tracer lacking the hexahistidine tag and labeled by an alternative method. Two variants of the HER2-binding Affibody molecule Z(HER)₂(:)₃₄₂ were made in an attempt to create a tagged tracer that could be purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography, yet would not result in anomalous hepatic radioactivity accumulation following labeling with [⁹⁹(m)Tc(CO)₃](+). In one construct, the hexahistidine tag was moved to the C-terminus. In the other construct, every second histidine residue in the hexahistidine tag was replaced by the more hydrophilic glutamate, resulting in a HEHEHE-tag. Both variants, denoted Z(HER)₂(:)₃₄₂-H₆ and (HE)₃-Z(HER)₂(:)₃₄₂, respectively, could be efficiently purified using IMAC and stably labeled with [⁹⁹(m)Tc(CO)₃](+) and were subsequently compared with the parental H₆-Z(HER)₂(:)₃₄₂ having an N-terminal hexahistidine tag. All three variants were demonstrated to specifically bind to HER2-expressing cells in vitro. The hepatic accumulation of radioactivity in a murine model was 2-fold lower with [⁹⁹(m)Tc(CO)₃](+)-Z(HER2:342)-H₆ compared to [⁹⁹(m)Tc(CO)₃](+)-H₆-Z(HER)₂(:)₃₄₂, and more than 10-fold lower with [⁹⁹(m)Tc(CO)₃](+)-(HE)₃-Z(HER)₂(:)₃₄₂. These differences translated into appreciably superior tumor-to-liver ratio for [⁹⁹(m)Tc(CO)₃](+)-(HE)₃-Z(HER)₂(:)₃₄₂ compared to the alternative conjugates. This information might be useful for development of other scaffold-based molecular imaging probes.
Oil in Asia and the Pacific: Production, Consumption, Imports, and Policy Options (2008)

For more about the East-West Center, see <a href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/">http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a>
Mokola virus glycoprotein and chimeric proteins can replace rabies virus glycoprotein in the rescue of infectious defective rabies virus particles (1995)

A reverse genetics approach which allows the generation of infectious defective rabies virus (RV) particles entirely from plasmid-encoded genomes and proteins (K.-K. Conzelmann and M. Schnell, J. Virol. 68:713-719, 1994) was used to investigate the ability of a heterologous lyssavirus glycoprotein (G) and chimeric G constructs to function in the formation of infectious RV-like particles. Virions containing a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene (SDI-CAT) were generated in cells simultaneously expressing the genomic RNA analog, the RV N, P, M, and L proteins, and engineered G constructs from transfected plasmids. The infectivity of particles was determined by a CAT assay after passage to helper virus-infected cells. The heterologous G protein from Eth-16 virus (Mokola virus, lyssavirus serotype 3) as well as a construct in which the ectodomain of RV G was fused to the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of the Eth-16 virus G rescued infectious SDI-CAT particles. In contrast, a chimeric protein composed of the amino-terminal half of the Eth-16 virus G and the carboxy-terminal half of RV G failed to produce infectious particles. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to convert the antigenic site III of RV G to the corresponding sequence of Eth-16 G. This chimeric protein rescued infectious SDI-CAT particles as efficiently as RV G. Virions containing the chimeric protein were specifically neutralized by an anti-Eth-16 virus serum and escaped neutralization by a monoclonal antibody directed against RV antigenic site III. The results show that entire structural domains as well as short surface epitopes of lyssavirus G proteins may be exchanged without affecting the structure required to mediate infection of cells.
OFDM PAPR Reduction Using Clipping with Distortion Control (2005)

We propose a new PAPR reduction scheme for OFDM systems. The idea is to reduce PAPR and control clipping distortion simultaneously. The procedure includes setting a proper distortion bound and recursive operations of clipping, filtering and distortion control. The proposed scheme can achieve significant PAPR reduction while maintaining low error rate. For this scheme, PAPR reduction is obtained without any redundancy and no side information is needed in the OFDM receiver. Hence, OFDM systems using this scheme do not pay the price of the reduction of transmission rate or reliability for achieving PAPR reduction.
Evidence the yeast STE3 gene encodes a receptor for the peptide pheromone a factor: gene sequence and implications for the structure of the presumed receptor. (1986)

Haploid yeast cells of the a mating type secrete a peptide pheromone, a factor, which acts on cells of the alpha mating type to prepare them for conjugation. We show that the STE3 gene, which is required for mating only by alpha cells and is transcribed only in alpha cells, likely encodes a cell-surface receptor for a factor. This view is based on three findings. First, wild-type Ste3 product is required for response to the pheromone: mutants with any one of five different ste3 mutations are unresponsive to a factor. Second, a hybrid Ste3-beta-galactosidase protein encoded by a STE3-lacZ gene fusion fractionates to the particulate fraction of yeast cell extracts, suggesting that Ste3 is a membrane protein. Finally, the DNA sequence of STE3, which we report here, encodes a protein of 470 amino acid residues that contains seven distinct hydrophobic segments of sufficient length to span a lipid bilayer.
Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Polymeric Microparticles (2006)

We report the synthesis and self-assembly of amphiphilic, nonspherical, polymeric microparticles. Wedge-shaped particles bearing segregated hydrophilic and hydrophobic sections were synthesized in a microfludic channel by polymerizing across laminar coflowing streams of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers using continuous flow lithography (CFL). Particle monodispersity was characterized by measuring both the size of the particles formed and the extent of amphiphilicity. The coefficient of variation (COV) was found to be less than 2.5% in all measured dimensions. Particle structure was further characterized by measuring the curvature of the interface between the sections and the extent of cross-linking using FTIR spectroscopy. The amphiphilic particles were allowed to self-assemble in water or at water-oil interfaces. In water, the geometry of the particles enabled the formation of micelle-like structures, while in emulsions, the particles migrated to the oil-water interface and oriented themselves to minimize their surface energy.
Dilated cardiomyopathy: a review (2008)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cardiac diagnosis that may result as a consequence of a variety of pathologies. The differential diagnosis remains quite broad since many pathologies can present as DCM, and as a result the approach to diagnosis may, at times, be quite difficult. This review article discusses genetic and acquired causes of DCM, pathophysiology of myocardial damage, pathology, and diagnostic criteria. An approach to management is also included, in the hope of informing physicians of a clinical entity that afflicts a substantial number of people worldwide.
A universal TagModule collection for parallel genetic analysis of microorganisms (2010)

Systems-level analyses of non-model microorganisms are limited by the existence of numerous uncharacterized genes and a corresponding over-reliance on automated computational annotations. One solution to this challenge is to disrupt gene function using DNA tag technology, which has been highly successful in parallelizing reverse genetics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has led to discoveries in gene function, genetic interactions and drug mechanism of action. To extend the yeast DNA tag methodology to a wide variety of microorganisms and applications, we have created a universal, sequence-verified TagModule collection. A hallmark of the 4280 TagModules is that they are cloned into a Gateway entry vector, thus facilitating rapid transfer to any compatible genetic system. Here, we describe the application of the TagModules to rapidly generate tagged mutants by transposon mutagenesis in the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Our results demonstrate the optimal hybridization properties of the TagModule collection, the flexibility in applying the strategy to diverse microorganisms and the biological insights that can be gained from fitness profiling tagged mutant collections. The publicly available TagModule collection is a platform-independent resource for the functional genomics of a wide range of microbial systems in the post-genome era.
Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Activation of Epithelial Sodium Channel through a PTEN/PI(3,4,5)P3 Dependent Pathway (2013)

Sodium reabsorption through the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) at the distal segment of the kidney plays an important role in salt-sensitive hypertension. We reported previously that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) stimulates ENaC in A6 distal nephron cells via elevation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P 3 ) in the apical membrane. Here we report that H 2 S can antagonize H 2 O 2 -induced activation of ENaC in A6 cells. Our cell-attached patch-clamp data show that ENaC open probability (P O ) was significantly increased by exogenous H 2 O 2 , which is consistent with our previous finding. The aberrant activation of ENaC induced by exogenous H 2 O 2 was completely abolished by H 2 S (0.1 mM NaHS). Pre-treatment of A6 cells with H 2 S slightly decreased ENaC P O ; however, in these cells H 2 O 2 failed to elevate ENaC P O . Confocal microscopy data show that application of exogenous H 2 O 2 to A6 cells significantly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and induced accumulation of PI(3,4,5)P 3 in the apical compartment of the cell membrane. These effects of exogenous H 2 O 2 on intracellular ROS levels and on apical PI(3,4,5)P 3 levels were almost completely abolished by treatment of A6 cells with H 2 S. In addition, H 2 S significantly inhibited H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative inactivation of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) which is a negative regulator of PI(3,4,5)P 3. Moreover, BPV (pic) , a specific inhibitor of PTEN, elevated PI(3,4,5)P 3 and ENaC activity in a manner similar to that of H 2 O 2 in A6 cells. Our data show, for the first time, that H 2 S prevents H 2 O 2 -induced activation of ENaC through a PTEN-PI(3,4,5)P 3 dependent pathway.
The Transformation of Manogenin to Hecogenin1 (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Transformation of Manogenin to Hecogenin1N. L. Wendler, H. L. Slates, and M. TishlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 19, 4894–4897Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01139a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01139a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeting JAK2 in the therapy of myeloproliferative neoplasms (2012)

Preliminary results from clinical trials indicate the feasibility and efficacy of JAK2-targeted approaches. However, JAK2 inhibitor treatment is limited by dose-dependent toxicity and combination treatment might be required. The discovery of JAK2 mutations that cause secondary resistance in vitro would further highlight the need for the development of next-generation JAK2 inhibitors and novel synergistic approaches.
Positioning of wireless broadband (1996)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1996.
The Onion-Ring Structure for Pd−Pt Bimetallic Clusters (2006)

The onion-ring structure is validated in the Pd-Pt bimetallic clusters of total atom numbers 147 and 309 through the Monte Carlo method by using the second-moment approximation of the tight-binding (TB-SMA) potentials, which is conceived in predicting the possible structures of the bimetallic clusters by He et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 11034] and Hwang et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 11140]. In the onion-ring structure, Pd atoms and Pt atoms occupy alternate layers of the clusters. The formation of the onion-ring structure can be associated with the fact that the single Pt impurity is favorable to stay in the subsurface layer and the central part of bimetallic clusters.
Binding of Secretory Component to Human Immunoglobulin M (1976)

The binding of human free secretory component to immoglobulin M (IgM) has been studied in vitro as a model for the formation of complexes between the two proteins in vivo. Three IgM myelomas and normal serum IgM were found to bind secretory component in amounts from 0.8 to 2.0 mol per mol of IgM. This variation in binding was not related to a corresponding variation of the J-chain content of the immunoglobulins, but more likely it was due to varying amounts of unspecifically bound serum proteins blocking the attachment of secretory component. In contrast to complexes with immunoglobulin A (IgA), the binding of secretory component to IgM appeared to be solely of a noncovalent nature, as all secretory component was released from complexes with IgM during gel chromatography in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Studies with tryptic fragments of one of the IgM myelomas indicated that the binding site for secretory component is located on the (Fc)5mu part of the IgM pentamer. Finally, only minimal conformational changes were found to accompany complex formation between secretory component and IgM, analogous to what has earlier been reported for the attachment of the secretory component to IgA.
The Immune Response to Human CMV (2012)

This review will summarize and interpret recent literature regarding the human CMV immune response, which is among the strongest measured and is the focus of attention for numerous research groups. CMV is a highly prevalent, globally occurring infection that rarely elicits disease in healthy immunocompetent hosts. The human immune system is unable to clear CMV infection and latency, but mounts a spirited immune-defense targeting multiple immune-evasion genes encoded by this dsDNA β-herpes virus. Additionally, the magnitude of cellular immune response devoted to CMV may cause premature immune senescence, and the high frequencies of cytolytic T cells may aggravate vascular pathologies. However, uncontrolled CMV viremia and life-threatening symptoms, which occur readily after immunosuppression and in the immature host, clearly indicate the essential role of immunity in maintaining asymptomatic co-existence with CMV. Approaches for harnessing the host immune response to CMV are needed to reduce the burden of CMV complications in immunocompromised individuals.
Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in olfactory neuronsin vivo (1996)

We used recombinant adenoviruses as a means of expressing exogenous genes in olfactory neurons in vivo. A replication incompetent adenovirus (type 5, Ad5) carrying the reporter gene lacZ, which codes for the enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal), was applied in solution to the olfactory epithelia of rats. The expression of lacZ was controlled by the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter/enhancer. beta-Gal expression was observed 1 day postinfection and was maximal at 3-10 days, although it could be detected for at least 21 days postinfection. Expression patterns were heterogeneous, ranging from a few percent to over 25% of the cells in different regions of both turbinate and septal epithelium. Staining was stronger in the olfactory versus respiratory epithelia. In olfactory epithelium staining was almost entirely restricted to olfactory neurons. beta-Gal staining was also observed in the olfactory axons so that nerve bundles could be traced to their targets in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. Intense staining of some glomeruli was evident as long as 21 days postinfection. There was no evidence of cell loss or tissue damage due to viral infection. These results demonstrate that it is possible to use recombinant Ad5 for expressing foreign genes in olfactory neurons. This technique could be used in olfactory neurons to increase expression levels of olfactory specific genes, including the odor receptor, putative guidance and growth molecules, or elements of the transduction cascade, in order to elucidate their biological functions in vivo.
Role of Cytokines in T Cell Immunity to a Pulmonary <i>Cryptococcus neoformans </i>Infection (1996)

The objective of these studies was to present an overview of our studies of the cytokine network and cellular interactions responsible for the T-cell-mediated inflammatory response in the lungs following infection by Cryptococcus neoformans. In a resistant strain of mice, moderately virulent cryptococci were progressively cleared from the lungs after week 1. Characterization of mitogen-induced cytokine production demonstrated that the T cells in the lungs during the first 3 weeks of infection resembled Th0 rather than Th1 cells. In addition, the production of IL-10 (by mitogen-stimulated leukocytes) could promote an increase in the ratio of Th2:Th1 cytokines in short-term in vitro cultures. In vivo, there were increases in the alveolar levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6 at weeks 1-3 and the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 at weeks 1-2 followed by macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha and ENA-78 at week 3. Overall, the pulmonary inflammatory response to C. neoformans evolved over 5 weeks from granulocytic to mononuclear, suggesting a maturation to a Th1-type response by week 5.