gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo evaluation of the bond strength of adhesive 4‐META/MMA‐TBB bone cement under weight‐bearing conditions (2000)

In order to minimize the problems associated with implant fixation using acrylic bone cement, we studied a new adhesive bone cement that consists of 4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydryde (4-META) and methylmethacrylate (MMA) as monomers, tri-n-butylborane (TBB) as an initiator, and PMMA powder (4-META/MMA-TBB cement). It shows remarkable adhesive properties to metal and bone in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strength of the bond of the cement to both metal and bone in vivo under weight-bearing conditions. Metal prostheses were implanted in the right femora of 12 rabbits using either adhesive 4-META/MMA-TBB cement or the conventional PMMA cement, as the control, for fixation. After 4 and 12 weeks, both femora were excised and the same operations were performed in the left femora in vitro. Eighteen femora were sectioned for the mechanical assessment of the bone–cement and cement–implant interfaces. 4-META/MMA-TBB cement had a significantly higher interfacial shear strength than the conventional PMMA cement: 201 N and 90 N, on average, for the implant–cement interface (p < 0.01); and 138 N and 89 N, on average, for the bone–cement interface (p < 0.01), at 12 weeks. The present results suggest the efficacy of 4-META/MMA-TBB cement in providing greater fixation of implants to bone and promise a firmer intramedullary fixation than the control conventional PMMA cement. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 52, 128–134, 2000.
Additive Manufacturing: Current State, Future Potential, Gaps and Needs, and Recommendations (2014)

Additive manufacturing (AM), the process of joining materials to make objects from three-dimensional (3D) model data, usually layer by layer, is distinctly a different form and has many advantages over traditional manufacturing processes. Commonly known as “3D printing,” AM provides a cost-effective and time-efficient way to produce low-volume, customized products with complicated geometries and advanced material properties and functionality. As a result of the 2013 National Science Foundation (NSF) Workshop on Frontiers of Additive Manufacturing Research and Education, this paper summarizes AM's current state, future potential, gaps and needs, as well as recommendations for technology and research, university–industry collaboration and technology transfer, and education and training.
Scaling Up Digital Circuit Computation with DNA Strand Displacement Cascades (2011)

To construct sophisticated biochemical circuits from scratch, one needs to understand how simple the building blocks can be and how robustly such circuits can scale up. Using a simple DNA reaction mechanism based on a reversible strand displacement process, we experimentally demonstrated several digital logic circuits, culminating in a four-bit square-root circuit that comprises 130 DNA strands. These multilayer circuits include thresholding and catalysis within every logical operation to perform digital signal restoration, which enables fast and reliable function in large circuits with roughly constant switching time and linear signal propagation delays. The design naturally incorporates other crucial elements for large-scale circuitry, such as general debugging tools, parallel circuit preparation, and an abstraction hierarchy supported by an automated circuit compiler.
Overcoming pre-existing adenovirus immunity by genetic engineering of adenovirus-based vectors (2009)

Adenovirus (Ad)-based vectors offer several benefits showing their potential for use in a variety of vaccine applications. Recombinant Ad-based vaccines possess potent immunogenic potential, capable of generating humoral and cellular immune responses to a variety of pathogen-specific antigens expressed by the vectors. Ad5 vectors can be readily produced, allowing for usage in thousands of clinical trial subjects. This is now coupled with a history of safe clinical use in the vaccine setting. However, traditional Ad5-based vaccines may not be generating optimal antigen-specific immune responses, and generate diminished antigen-specific immune responses when pre-existing Ad5 immunity is present. These limitations have driven initiation of several approaches to improve the efficacy of Ad-based vaccines, and/or allow modified vaccines to overcome pre-existing Ad immunity. These include: generation of chemically modified Ad5 capsids; generation of chimeric Ads; complete replacement of Ad5-based vaccine platforms with alternative (human and non-human origin) Ad serotypes, and Ad5 genome modification approaches that attempt to retain the native Ad5 capsid, while simultaneously improving the efficacy of the platform as well as minimizing the effect of pre-existing Ad immunity. Here we discuss recent advances in- and limitations of each of these approaches, relative to their abilities to overcome pre-existing Ad immunity.
The inhibition of flexor tendon adhesions. (1986)

In a single blind control study using adult rabbits, the effectiveness of locally applied dextran-70 and 1% hyaluronic acid were evaluated in the control of flexor tendon adhesions after laceration of the profundus tendon in Zone II. Dextran-70 proved effective, whereas application of hyaluronic acid did not.
Shape-persistent macrocyclic amphiphiles: molecular reversible coats (1996)

Shape-persistent macrocyclic host molecules 1 and 2 form complexes with guest molecules 3 and 4 due to the complementary arrangement of hydrogen bond donor phenol groups on the host molecules and hydrogen bond accepting amine groups on the guests.
Novel agents in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (2011)

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell disorder characterized by the infiltration of the bone marrow with lymphoplasmacytic cells and the detection of an IgM monoclonal gammopathy in the serum. WM is considered an incurable disease, with a median overall survival of 87 months. The success of targeted therapy in multiple myeloma has led to the development and investigation of more than 30 new compounds in this disease and in other plasma cell dyscrasias, including WM, both in the preclinical settings and as part of clinical trials. Among therapeutic options, first-line therapies have been based on single-agent or combination regimens with alkylator agents, nucleoside analogues and the monoclonal antibody anti-CD20. Based on the understanding of the complex interaction between WM tumor cells and the bone marrow microenvironment, and the signaling pathways that are deregulated in WM pathogenesis, a number of novel therapeutic agents are now available and have demonstrated significant efficacy in WM. The range of the overall response rate for these novel agents is between 25 and 96%. Ongoing and planned future clinical trials include those using protein kinase C inhibitors such as enzastaurin, new proteasome inhibitors such as carfilzomib, histone deacetylase inhibitors such as LBH589, humanized CD20 antibodies such as ofatumumab and additional alkylating agents such as bendamustine. These agents, when compared with traditional chemotherapeutic agents, may lead in the future to higher responses, longer remissions and better quality of life for patients with WM. This article will mainly focus on those novel agents that have entered clinical trials for the treatment of WM.
Basestation modulation diversity for digital simulcast (2002)

A base station modulation diversity scheme is proposed for simulcast systems which use linear QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) type modulation. With this method the bandwidth efficiency is fully preserved because each base station uses the same base pulse. Modulation diversity is achieved by filtering the input symbols with a symbol-spaced finite impulse response (FIR) filter prior to QAM modulation. The tap weights of the FIR filters at different base stations are different. They are chosen such that a necessary condition for optimum diversity gain in time-selective fading is satisfied. Examples for simulcast with two base stations are given. They demonstrate the impact of the choice of tap weights on the energy efficiency, the system complexity, and the performance in the presence of a propagation delay difference between the signals of different base stations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Detection and Molecular Characterization of Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) in Jordan (2008)

Abstract Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) was detected for the first time in Jordan using degenerated oligonucleotide primers. Two isolates of the virus, SLCV‐E and SLCV‐R, were detected using specific oligonucleotide primers in symptomatic Cucurbita pepo . SLCV was also found to occur naturally in Malva parviflora , which showed severe leaf curling, yellowing and stunting of the whole plants. The full‐length genomes of Squash leaf curl virus ‐Malva (SLCV‐Malva) isolate were amplified using the bacteriophage Φ DNA polymerase enzyme. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that SLCV‐Malva shared high nucleotide identity (98% and 97%) with SLCV‐EG and SLCV‐E from Egypt and USA, respectively. A survey using dot‐blot hybridization indicated that squash leaf curl disease occurred in all surveyed areas. The highest disease incidence (95%) was recorded in Dir Alla area, whereas disease incidence did not exceed 69% in squash samples collected from North Ghor.
Precise prediction of major histocompatibility complex class II-peptide interaction based on peptide side chain scanning. (1994)

We describe here a new method for predicting class II major histocompatibility complex-binding peptides, based on the preferences observed in a systematic series of peptide binding experiments where each position in a "minimal" peptide was replaced individually by every amino acid. The DRB1*0401 peptide binding preferences were determined and incorporated into a computer program that looks through sequences for potential epitopes and assigns each a score. These scores correlate well with previously determined T cell epitopes of foreign antigens and endogenous peptides from self proteins. Our findings hold implications for the design of subunit vaccines and in the identification of autoantigenic peptide regions within self proteins.
CD97 isoform expression in leukocytes (2000)

Different adhesive capacity in interactions with CD55 has been ascribed to the isoforms of the leukocyte CD97 antigen, CD97 (EGF 1,2,5), CD97 (EGF 1,2,3,5), and CD97 (EGF 1,2,3,4,5). In the study, coexpression of the three CD97 isoforms and predominance of CD97 (EGF 1,2,5) transcripts in leukocytes are demonstrated. The contribution of CD97 (EGF 1,2,3,5) and CD97 (EGF 1,2,3,4,5) to total CD97 levels varied among most cell types only slightly, although relatively higher mRNA levels of both isoforms were detected in U 937 cells and monocytes. In peripheral blood lymphocytes, CD97 isoforms did not show clear variation after PMA stimulation and were down-regulated equally after CD97 cross-linking. Moreover, the CD97 isoform pattern was not altered in monocytes after interferon-gamma stimulation and in synovial T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. CD97 mRNA levels did not necessarily correspond to CD97 surface density. The findings suggest that adhesive activity of CD97 toward CD55 is unlikely to be regulated by differential CD97 isoform expression.
Total synthesis of immunosuppressant (-)-FK-506 (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of immunosuppressant (-)-FK-506Todd K. Jones, S. G. Mills, R. A. Reamer, D. Askin, R. Desmond, R. P. Volante, and I. ShinkaiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 3, 1157–1159Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00185a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00185a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1462Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Dynamic Fluctuations of Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions Promote Protein Aggregation (2009)

Protein-carbohydrate interactions are important for glycoprotein structure and function. Antibodies of the IgG class, with increasing significance as therapeutics, are glycosylated at a conserved site in the constant Fc region. We hypothesized that disruption of protein-carbohydrate interactions in the glycosylated domain of antibodies leads to the exposure of aggregation-prone motifs. Aggregation is one of the main problems in protein-based therapeutics because of immunogenicity concerns and decreased efficacy. To explore the significance of intramolecular interactions between aromatic amino acids and carbohydrates in the IgG glycosylated domain, we utilized computer simulations, fluorescence analysis, and site-directed mutagenesis. We find that the surface exposure of one aromatic amino acid increases due to dynamic fluctuations. Moreover, protein-carbohydrate interactions decrease upon stress, while protein-protein and carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions increase. Substitution of the carbohydrate-interacting aromatic amino acids with non-aromatic residues leads to a significantly lower stability than wild type, and to compromised binding to Fc receptors. Our results support a mechanism for antibody aggregation via decreased protein-carbohydrate interactions, leading to the exposure of aggregation-prone regions, and to aggregation.
Magnetic resonance imaging and neurosphere therapy of stroke in rat (2003)

We intracisternally transplanted subventricular zone (SVZ) cells labeled by ferromagnetic particles into stroked rats. Migration of transplanted cells was non-invasively tracked using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We found that transplanted cells selectively migrated towards the ischemic parenchyma at a mean speed of 65 +/- 14.6 microm/hr in living rats. Migration of transplanted cells in the brain was also measured histopathologically. Rats transplanted with SVZ cells exhibited significant improvement of neurological function. Our data suggest that intracisternal transplantation of SVZ cells provides an avenue for cell therapy of stroke and that MRI can be used to track grafted cells in the brain.
Neutrophil Elastase-Generated Fragment of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Stimulates Macrophage and Endothelial Progenitor Cell Migration (2015)

Elastase released from neutrophils as part of the innate immune system has been implicated in chronic diseases such as emphysema and cardiovascular disease. We have previously shown that neutrophil elastase targets vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) for partial degradation to generate a fragment of VEGF (VEGFf) that has distinct activities. Namely, VEGFf binds to VEGF receptor 1 but not to VEGF receptor 2 and shows altered signaling compared to intact VEGF. In the present study we investigated the chemotactic function of VEGF and VEGFf released from cells by neutrophil elastase. We found that endothelial cells migrated in response to intact VEGF but not VEGFf whereas RAW 264.7 macrophages/monocytes and embryonic endothelial progenitor cells were stimulated to migrate by either VEGF or VEGFf. To investigate the role of elastase-mediated release of VEGF from cells/extracellular matrices, a co-culture system was established. High or low VEGF producing cells were co-cultured with macrophages, endothelial or endothelial progenitor cells and treated with neutrophil elastase. Elastase treatment stimulated macrophage and endothelial progenitor cell migration with the response being greater with the high VEGF expressing cells. However, elastase treatment led to decreased endothelial cell migration due to VEGF cleavage to VEGF fragment. These findings suggest that the tissue response to NE-mediated injury might involve the generation of diffusible VEGF fragments that stimulate inflammatory cell recruitment.
Abstract 1778: Nimotuzumab, a humanized antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody, interacts with EGFRvIII (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Glioblastomas frequently overexpress a variant form of EGFR, called variant III (EGFRvIII), which has an in-frame deletion of an 801-bp sequence in the extracellular domain. EGFRvIII does not bind EGF ligand but exhibits constitutive kinase activity that results in enhanced transformation, reduced apoptosis, and resistance to therapy. Nimotuzumab (Nmab) is an EGFR-targeting antibody that has demonstrated encouraging results in early clinical trials treating adult and pediatric brain tumors. Here we present data characterizing the interaction of Nmab with EGFRvIII. Methods: Binding of Nmab to the extracellular domain of wtEGFR and EGFRvIII was first characterized by SPR biosensor analysis: Nmab was captured via its Fc domain and varying concentrations of EGFRvIII and EGFRwt were flowed. Flow cytometry analysis was subsequently performed using a parental U87MG glioblastoma cell line and derivatives which were engineered to overexpress either wtEGFR or EGFRvIII. Results: Nmab bound EGFRvIII and EGFRwt with similar affinity, which was in the 10−8 M range. This KD is consistent with the previously reported affinity constant of Nmab for EGFRwt (Telavera et al, 2009). Binding was further analyzed by flow cytometry. Nmab bound both EGFRwt and EGFRvIII expressed on the surface of parental U87MG, U87MG EGFRvIII and U87MG wtEGFR cells. Additional data concerning effects of Nmab on EGFRvIII expressing cell lines will be presented. Conclusion: Nmab binds to wtEGFR and EGFRvIII with similar affinity, which supports development of the antibody as a therapeutic for glioblastoma. In U87MG glioblastoma cells, synergistic activity of Nmab in combination with radiotherapy has been previously reported (Diaz Miqueli et al, 2009). Nmab is currently being tested in an advanced randomized study in the first line setting for the treatment of adult glioma. Nmab is being tested in combination with radiation plus temozolomide, vs radiation plus temozolomide alone, with preliminary results expected in the second half of 2010. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1778.
Solvent Driven Motion of Lithographically Fabricated Gels (2008)

We investigated the solvent driven motion of lithographically structured poly- N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAm) gels. The gels were soaked in ethanol and then transferred to water, where they moved spontaneously. This movement was driven by the expulsion of the ethanol from the gel and subsequent ethanol spreading at the air-water interface. We utilized lithographic patterning of the gels at the micron-millimeter length scales to investigate the effect of size, shape and symmetry. Lithographic patterning allowed the structures to be fabricated in an identical manner, thereby allowing a single variable (such as shape, size, or symmetry) to be altered while minimizing change in other variables such as thickness, roughness and swelling characteristics. The diverse range of motions including translation, precession and rotation could be controlled and were recorded using videography. Gels were lithographically patterned with features less than 100 microm, and exhibited remarkably high linear and rotational velocities of up to 31 cm/s and 3529 rpm over time spans of seconds to minutes. We observed a reciprocal dependence of maximum rotational velocity on linear dimension. The linear velocity for all types of motion, along a line or curve, was analyzed and found to be similar across different shapes and sizes. This velocity was in the range of 17-39 cm/s even though our sizes and shapes varied across orders of magnitude. We postulate that this velocity is related to the velocity of spreading of ethanol on water, which is approximately 53 cm/s. Additionally, since this solvent powered motion is a clean, quiet and reusable source of motive power, with no need for on-board wiring or batteries, we explored applications in moving lithographically integrated metallic payloads on top of the gels and utilized the gels to move larger floating objects.
Raf kinases: Oncogenesis and drug discovery (2006)

Raf kinase signaling has been thoroughly investigated over the last 20 years. A-Raf, B-Raf and C-Raf, the 3 mammalian members of the Raf family, are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, survival, differentiation and transformation. The detection of B-RAF mutations in a wide variety of human cancers, the description of wildtype and mutant B-RAF as tumor antigens in melanoma and the promising outcome of clinical trials evaluating the Raf inhibitor Nexavar (Sorafenib, BAY 43-9006) have sparked a broad interest in the scientific community. After a short historical detour and an introduction into Raf kinase signaling, we are going to discuss here recent outcomes of Raf kinase research with respect to tumor formation and give an overview on current efforts to develop anticancer therapies interfering with aberrant Raf kinase signaling.
Phase I-II study of eflornithine and mitoguazone combined in the treatment of recurrent primary brain tumors. (1987)

Eflornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, and mitoguazone (MGBG), a competitive inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, were evaluated in a phase I-II study for patients with primary recurrent malignant brain tumors. All patients had failed prior radiation therapy and most had also failed prior chemotherapy. Two dose schedules were used, with the second schedule (Group II) a modification of the first schedule (Group I). The Group II schedule, with different dose levels, was better tolerated than the Group I schedule. Gastrointestinal and myelotoxicity were dose-limiting in most patients, and tinnitus was dose-limiting in two patients. Nineteen of 33 evaluable patients had anaplastic gliomas, in whom response was observed in 21%, stable disease in 53%, and immediate progression after one course of therapy in 26%. Of six patients with glioblastoma multiforme, two had brief stabilization of disease. An additional patient with brainstem glioma and ependymoma also had disease stabilization. Four patients with medulloblastoma, a spinal cord mixed glioma, and one with oligodendroglioma failed DFMO-MGBG. Based on this study, we believe that a combination of DFMO and MGBG is well-tolerated and deserves further evaluation for patients with anaplastic gliomas, particularly those that appear to be biologically slow growing.