gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impaired Nuclear Transport and Uncoating Limit Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 2 Vector-Mediated Transduction of Primary Murine Hematopoietic Cells (2004)

Controversies abound concerning hematopoietic stem cell transduction by recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV) vectors. For human hematopoietic cells, we have shown that this problem is related to the extent of expression of the cellular receptor for AAV. At least a small subset of murine hematopoietic cells, on the other hand, does express both the AAV receptor and the coreceptor, yet is transduced poorly. In the present study, we have found that approximately 85% of AAV genomes were present in the cytoplasmic fraction of primary murine c-Kit(+)Lin- hematopoietic cells. However, when mice were injected intraperitoneally with hydroxyurea before isolation of these cells, the extent to which AAV genomes were detected in the cytoplasmic fraction was reduced to approximately 40%, with a corresponding increase to approximately 60% in the nuclear fraction, indicating that hydroxyurea facilitated nuclear transport of AAV. It was apparent, nonetheless, that a significant fraction of the AAV genomes present in the nuclear fraction from cells obtained from hydroxyurea-treated mice was single stranded. We next tested whether the single-stranded AAV genomes were derived from virions that failed to undergo uncoating in the nucleus. A substantial fraction of the signal in the nuclear fraction of hematopoietic cells obtained from hydroxyurea-treated mice was also resistant to DNase I. That AAV particles were intact and biologically active was determined by successful transduction of 293 cells by virions recovered from murine hematopoietic cells 48 hr postinfection. Although hydroxyurea facilitated nuclear transport of AAV, most of the virions failed to undergo uncoating, thereby leading to only a partial improvement in viral second- strand DNA synthesis and transgene expression. A better understanding of the underlying mechanism of viral uncoating has implications in the optimal use of recombinant AAV vectors in hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy.
Comparison of Photosynthetic Responses in Allium microdictyon Prokh and Allium ochotense Prokh from Atmosphere-Leaf Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) (2012)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of atmosphere-leaf vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in Allium microdictyon Prokh, and Allium ochotense Prokh. The vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was rapidly increased with increasing temperature and decreasing relative humidity. Taken as a whole, the stomatal transpiration reaction was slightly late with increading of VPD. Maximum photosynthetic rate at high-VPD condition was 5.98μmol CO₂· m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> in Allium microdictyon, which was a little lower than 6.59umol CO₂· m<sup>-2</sup> · s<sup>-1</sup> in Allium ochotense, respectively. After 2p.m, stomatal transpiration of Allium microdictyon at the high VPD condition were rapidly decreased, Ci/Ca began to decline sharply at 8a.m and showed the lowest value at 2p.m, The results showed that Ci/Ca decreased with being used CO₂ in the mesophyll intercellular space for photosynthesis, In high VPD condition, The water potential values showed the highest at 5a.m, and the lowest at 1p.m in high VPD condition. The water saturation deficits (WSD) in high VPD condition showed about 1.5 times higher than in low VPD condition, The results indicated that physiological activities in Allium microdictyon is more limited from high VPD conditions.
Expression of rhBMP-7 gene in transduced bone marrow derived stromal cells. (2002)

The present study provided a theoretical basis to gene therapy on the problems of bone and cartilage tissue.
Mouse RAD54 Affects DNA Double-Strand Break Repair and Sister Chromatid Exchange (2000)

Cells can achieve error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination through gene conversion with or without crossover. In contrast, an alternative homology-dependent DSB repair pathway, single-strand annealing (SSA), results in deletions. In this study, we analyzed the effect of mRAD54, a gene involved in homologous recombination, on the repair of a site-specific I-SceI-induced DSB located in a repeated DNA sequence in the genome of mouse embryonic stem cells. We used six isogenic cell lines differing solely in the orientation of the repeats. The combination of the three recombination-test substrates used discriminated among SSA, intrachromatid gene conversion, and sister chromatid gene conversion. DSB repair was most efficient for the substrate that allowed recovery of SSA events. Gene conversion with crossover, indistinguishable from long tract gene conversion, preferentially involved the sister chromatid rather than the repeat on the same chromatid. Comparing DSB repair in mRAD54 wild-type and knockout cells revealed direct evidence for a role of mRAD54 in DSB repair. The substrate measuring SSA showed an increased efficiency of DSB repair in the absence of mRAD54. The substrate measuring sister chromatid gene conversion showed a decrease in gene conversion with and without crossover. Consistent with this observation, DNA damage-induced sister chromatid exchange was reduced in mRAD54-deficient cells. Our results suggest that mRAD54 promotes gene conversion with predominant use of the sister chromatid as the repair template at the expense of error-prone SSA.
Surface Functionalization Using Catalyst-Free Azide−Alkyne Cycloaddition (2010)

The utility of catalyst-free azide-alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition for the immobilization of a variety of molecules onto a solid surface and microbeads was demonstrated. In this process, the surfaces are derivatized with aza-dibenzocyclooctyne (ADIBO) for the immobilization of azide-tagged substrates via a copper-free click reaction. Alternatively, ADIBO-conjugated molecules are anchored to the azide-derivatized surface. Both immobilization techniques work well in aqueous solutions and show excellent kinetics under ambient conditions. We report an efficient synthesis of aza-dibenzocyclooctyne (ADIBO), thus far the most reactive cyclooctyne in cycloaddition to azides. We also describe convenient methods for the conjugation of ADIBO with a variety of molecules directly or via a PEG linker.
A Clinical Trial of Hydroxyethylrutosides in the Treatment of Haemorrhoids of Pregnancy (1992)

The safety and efficacy of 500 mg O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)rutosides given orally twice daily in the treatment of 97 patients with first-, second-, or third-degree haemorrhoids were investigated in a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. The rutosides produced a significant (P less than 0.001) improvement in patient-assessed subjective symptoms (pain, bleeding, exudation and pruritus) compared with placebo. There was also a significant (P less than 0.001) improvement in clinician-assessed subjective and objective signs (bleeding, inflammation and dilatation of the haemorrhoidal plexus) after 2 and 4 weeks' treatment compared with placebo. There were three mild, transient side-effects reported in the active treatment group and no drug-related problems in the pregnancy or delivery were observed. The results suggest that O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)rutosides provide a safe and effective treatment for women with haemorrhoids of pregnancy.
Application of chemically amplified resists to photomask fabrication (1995)

Characteristics of four chemically-amplified (CA), negative EB resists have been evaluated and compared with the requirements to resists for 64 Mb-DRAM reticles The four resists satisfy the requirements on sensitivity, side-wall angle, corner roundness, edge roughness, and dry- etch rate. In a wet-etch process three resists (resists B, C and D) have good CD linearity down to 0.5 micrometers whereas one resist (resist A) has a poor linearity owing to a large etching shift. A dry-etch process could extend CD linearity and resolution limits for all the resists. Storage of a resist-coated blank in a box with silica gel is found to be effective in extending the life of the blank after coating. Thus, the lives after coating for all the resists are long enough for practical use (CD deviation less than 0.1 micrometers per month) under the above storage conditions. Only two resists (resists A and D) have lives after exposure long enough for practical use (CD deviation less than 0.1 micrometers per 10h). Reducing the contribution of post-exposure bake to CD uniformity is achieved by the use of a hot-plate that can give good uniformity in the surface temperature of a Cr/Qz-substrate. In conclusion, CA resists can meet the requirements to resists for 64 Mb-DRAM reticles.
Thermostability of Sperm Nuclei Assessed by Microinjection into Hamster Oocytes1 (1991)

Nuclei isolated from spermatozoa of various species (golden hamster, mouse, human, rooster, and the fish tilapia) were heated at 60 degrees-125 degrees C for 20-120 min and then microinjected into hamster oocytes to determine whether they could decondense and develop into pronuclei. Mature, mammalian sperm nuclei, which are stabilized by protamine disulfide bonds, were moderately heat resistant. For example, they remained capable of pronucleus formation even after pretreatment for 30 min at 90 degrees C. Indeed, a temperature of 125 degrees C (steam) was required to inactivate hamster sperm nuclei completely. On the other hand, nuclei of rooster and tilapia spermatozoa and those of immature hamster and mouse spermatozoa, which are not stabilized by protamine disulfide bonds, were sensitive to heating; although some of them decondensed after exposure to 90 degrees C, none formed male pronuclei. Furthermore, nuclei of mature hamster sperm became heat labile when they were pretreated with dithiothreitol to reduce their protamine disulfide bonds. These observations suggest that the thermostability shown by the nuclei of mature spermatozoa of eutherian mammals is related to disulfide cross-linking of sperm protamines.
Phase 2 Study of the Safety and Antitumor Activity of Apalutamide (ARN-509), a Potent Androgen Receptor Antagonist, in the High-risk Nonmetastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Cohort (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01171898.
Cardiorenal syndromes (2009)

The new definition allows to characterize the various clinical scenarios and to identify patients with different subtypes in which the primary disorder and the sequelae are clearly described. Biomarkers for early diagnosis of heart and kidney dysfunction may further contribute to a clearer definition of the disorder. The new classification will allow to test diagnostic tools and prevention strategies as well as therapeutic measures that in the past might not have been applied properly due to the lack of a consistent classification of the syndrome.
Identification of ZO-1: a high molecular weight polypeptide associated with the tight junction (zonula occludens) in a variety of epithelia. (1986)

A tight junction-enriched membrane fraction has been used as immunogen to generate a monoclonal antiserum specific for this intercellular junction. Hybridomas were screened for their ability to both react on an immunoblot and localize to the junctional complex region on frozen sections of unfixed mouse liver. A stable hybridoma line has been isolated that secretes an antibody (R26.4C) that localizes in thin section images of isolated mouse liver plasma membranes to the points of membrane contact at the tight junction. This antibody recognizes a polypeptide of approximately 225,000 D, detectable in whole liver homogenates as well as in the tight junction-enriched membrane fraction. R26.4C localizes to the junctional complex region of a number of other epithelia, including colon, kidney, and testis, and to arterial endothelium, as assayed by immunofluorescent staining of cryostat sections of whole tissue. This antibody also stains the junctional complex region in confluent monolayers of the Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cell line. Immunoblot analysis of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells demonstrates the presence of a polypeptide similar in molecular weight to that detected in liver, suggesting that this protein is potentially a ubiquitous component of all mammalian tight junctions. The 225-kD tight junction-associated polypeptide is termed "ZO-1."
Self-tuning and adaptive control : theory and applications (1981)

Self-tuning and adaptive control: theory and applications , Self-tuning and adaptive control: theory and applications , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Lysine-Derived Urethane Surgical Adhesive Prevents Seroma Formation in a Canine Abdominoplasty Model (2008)

The urethane surgical adhesive was effective in preventing the formation of seroma in this canine abdominoplasty model.
Antioxidants increase number of progenitor endothelial cells through multiple gene expression pathways (2008)

To date, there is no report on the effect of antioxidants on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). This study shows that in vitro incubation of EPCs with vitamin C and E reverted the already well documented lowering effect of TNF-alpha on EPC number and increased p-p38 expression levels. In order to document major changes of gene expression levels and gain insight into signalling pathways, microarray analysis was performed and a significant variation of the expression of 5389 genes in EPCs following antioxidant treatment was detected. Also in vivo evidence is provided about the positive effect of antioxidant vitamins on EPCs, since vitamin C and E supplementation potentiated the physical training-induced increase of EPC number and VEGF levels. Together, these data indicate that antioxidant treatment ameliorates EPC number and causes major changes of gene expression within these cells in vitro. Furthermore, concomitant antioxidant supplementation and physical training in vivo raised the levels of circulating EPCs and serum VEGF more than physical training alone.
Synthesis and properties of 4-alkylaminomethyl and 4-alkoxymethyl derivatives of 5-methyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (1986)

New β-substituted amines and ethers of the furan series ( II-V ) were prepared by reaction of methyl 4-bromomethyl-5-methyl-2-furancarboxylate ( I ) with nucleophiles such as pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, N-phenylpiperazine, cyclohexylamine, 2-methylcyclohexylamine, N-ethylaniline, p -toluidine, ethanol, butanol and salicylaldehyde. The structure of the products was confirmed by their analytical and spectral data. Kovats indices I for the products were determined using gas-liquid chromatography.
DNA immunization: ubiquitination of a viral protein enhances cytotoxic T-lymphocyte induction and antiviral protection but abrogates antibody induction (1997)

DNA immunization can induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), antibodies, and protection against microbial challenge. The underlying mechanisms remain obscure and must be understood to permit rational manipulation and optimization of the technique. We set out to enhance the intracellular degradation of a viral antigen, with the intent of improving antigen entry into, and presentation by, the class I major histocompatibility complex pathway. We achieved this goal by cotranslational ubiquitination of a plasmid-encoded viral antigen, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) nucleoprotein (NP). We show that native NP is very stable in cell culture, while the ubiquitinated product is so rapidly degraded that it is barely detectable. This rapid degradation leads to more efficient sensitization of target cells in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay, consistent with enhanced antigen presentation, and both degradation and target cell recognition are blocked by a proteasome inhibitor. We have used the plasmid for in vivo studies and find that, remarkably, ubiquitination leads to a complete abrogation of antibody responses, presumably because the encoded protein is so rapidly and completely degraded that insufficient antigen remains to interact appropriately with B cells. In contrast, in vivo CTL induction is improved by ubiquitination of NP. That CTL are induced at all by this rapidly degraded protein may shed light on the mechanism by which CTL are induced by DNA immunization; it has been suggested that CTL induction following intramuscular DNA injection results not from antigen presentation by cells taking up and expressing the DNA but rather from uptake of soluble protein by specialized antigen-presenting cells (APC). It appears to us unlikely that the ubiquitinated protein could function in this manner, since it is so rapidly degraded in vitro and fails to induce antibodies in vivo. Finally, the ubiquitinated protein confers markedly enhanced protection against LCMV challenge. Mice immunized with a plasmid encoding NP show approximately 100-fold reductions in virus titers compared to controls, while mice immunized with a plasmid encoding the ubiquitinated NP show reductions in virus load of at least 5 x 10(4)- to 5 x 10(5)-fold. This is by far the most effective DNA vaccine that we have yet designed. Ubiquitination therefore may improve DNA immunization, but caution is warranted, since immunity to many microbes depends on induction of good humoral immunity, and we show here that this may be prevented by ubiquitination of the encoded protein.
Overproduction, purification, and characterization of EBNA1, the origin binding protein of Epstein-Barr virus. (1991)

The baculovirus expression system was used to overproduce the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen, EBNA1, in insect cells. EBNA1 overproduced via baculovirus expression (baculoEBNA1) was followed during purification to homogeneity using its ability to specifically retain the family of repeats of the latent origin of replication, oriP, onto nitrocellulose filters. A two-column procedure was developed which yields more than 1 mg of homogeneous baculoEBNA1 from 9 x 10(8) insect cells (1.5 liters). Pure baculoEBNA1 had no detectable ATPase or helicase activity. BaculoEBNA1 was labeled with [32P]orthophosphate in vivo, and analysis showed detectable levels of phosphoserine; no phosphothreonine or phosphotyrosine could be detected. The baculoEBNA1 appeared dimeric in solution, and a stoichiometry of 56 baculoEBNA1 monomers per 24 EBNA1 binding sites in oriP suggests baculoEBNA1 binds its consensus site as a dimer. The binding of baculoEBNA1 to the dyad symmetry element of oriP (Kd approximately 2 nM) required more baculoEBNA1 and appeared less stable than the binding of baculoEBNA1 to the family of repeats in oriP (Kd approximately 0.2 nM).
Profile measurement of an aspheric cylindrical surface from retroreflection (1991)

A new algorithm for measuring the profile of an aspheric cylindrical surface is developed in which directions of the surface normal and slopes at various locations are found with the aid of a retroreflected beam. The locations of retroreflection can be found with the simple algorithm developed in this paper, and the surface profile is integrated from the slope. The accuracy of the new algorithm is determined mostly by the algorithm's ability to find the true range of the surface being integrated. In the measurement of the surface sagitta over the range of 5000 microm, the accumulated error from the integration is less than 30microm.
EYE MOVEMENT RESPONSES TO A HORIZONTALLY MOVING VISUAL STIMULUS (1954)

EYE MOVEMENT responses to even the simplest visual stimulus moving in only one dimension in an otherwise structureless visual field are the result of activities at several levels. One may distinguish factors operating at three somewhat arbitrarily delineated levels: (<i>a</i>) factors involving the mechanical aspects of the orbit and the other levels intervening between the initiation of the nerve impulses designed to move the eye and the actual eye movement; (<i>b</i>) factors involving the operation of what are often called the psycho-optical reflexes, i. e., the mechanisms which make the eyes move so as to place and retain the image of a light stimulus constantly and accurately on the fovea; (<i>c</i>) factors operating at higher levels of complexity. The first group of factors formed the subject of a recent study,<sup>1</sup>in which the conclusion was drawn that in an eye movement record of even reasonably high precision they introduce
Prorenin Receptor Is Essential for Normal Podocyte Structure and Function (2011)

The prorenin receptor is an accessory subunit of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase, suggesting that it has fundamental functions beyond activation of the local renin-angiotensin system. Podocytes express the prorenin receptor, but its function in these cells is unknown. Here, podocyte-specific, conditional, prorenin receptor-knockout mice died of kidney failure and severe proteinuria within 4 weeks of birth. The podocytes of these mice exhibited foot process effacement with reduced and altered localization of the slit-diaphragm proteins nephrin and podocin. Furthermore, the podocytes contained numerous autophagic vacuoles, confirmed by enhanced accumulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-positive intracellular vesicles. Ablation of the prorenin receptor selectively suppressed expression of the V(0) c-subunit of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase in podocytes, resulting in deacidification of intracellular vesicles. In conclusion, the prorenin receptor is important for the maintenance of normal podocyte structure and function.
Purification, characterization, and cDNA cloning of a Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor secreted by the porcine uterus. (1994)

The porcine uterus synthesizes a proteinase inhibitor (M(r) 14,000) under the influence of progesterone that is relatively specific for plasmin and trypsin, but that also has weak affinity for chymotrypsin. Several isoforms of this uterine plasmin/trypsin inhibitor were purified by a procedure whose final two steps involved affinity chromatography on immobilized chymotrypsin and cation exchange chromatography. Amino-terminal sequencing showed that at least three of the isoforms were closely related. An oligonucleotide probe based on the protein sequence was used to identify a cDNA that contained an open reading frame coding for a mature protein (M(r) 10,295) of 93 amino acids. The inhibitor had a well defined, but unique, Kunitz domain of 64 residues at its amino terminus that shared 67% sequence identity to bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Its P1 residue was arginine rather than lysine. Northern analysis showed the presence of a single mRNA species (700 bases) that in adult female pigs appeared to be confined to the uterus. During pregnancy, UPTI mRNA expression was high until Day 30 and decreased significantly thereafter. By contrast, uteroferrin mRNA reached maximal concentrations in late pregnancy. These data are consistent with an earlier hypothesis that the inhibitor serves to neutralize the activities of one or more serine proteinases generated by the proliferating trophoblast during the formation of the noninvasive placenta of the pig.
Suppression of Avian Influenza Transmission in Genetically Modified Chickens (2011)

Infection of chickens with avian influenza virus poses a global threat to both poultry production and human health that is not adequately controlled by vaccination or by biosecurity measures. A novel alternative strategy is to develop chickens that are genetically resistant to infection. We generated transgenic chickens expressing a short-hairpin RNA designed to function as a decoy that inhibits and blocks influenza virus polymerase and hence interferes with virus propagation. Susceptibility to primary challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and onward transmission dynamics were determined. Although the transgenic birds succumbed to the initial experimental challenge, onward transmission to both transgenic and nontransgenic birds was prevented.