gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lamotrigine – An Update (1996)

Lamotrigine (LTG) inhibits repetitive high frequency firing in depolarised neurones by selectively prolonging slow inactivation of the sodium channel, thereby suppressing the release of excitatory amino acids. It has been shown to be effective in 11 pivotal double-blind add-on trials in patients with refractory partial seizures with or without secondary generalisation. Subsequent anecdotal data support its efficacy for typical and atypical absences, myoclonic jerks, tonic or clonic seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and infantile spasms. Most recently LTG has been compared with carbamazepine and phenytoin in double-blind trials in patients with newly diagnosed partial and primary and secondary generalised tonic-clonic seizures. At the doses used, its efficacy was similar to the older agents for all seizure types, but LTG was better tolerated than both of the older agents. The commonest side-effects with LTG include headache, nausea, diplopia, dizziness, ataxia and tremor. Rash occurs in fewer than 5% patients. Its incidence can be reduced by starting treatment with a low dose, particularly in patients receiving concomitant sodium valproate which inhibits LTG metabolism. Enzyme inducers, such as carbamazepine, phenytoin and phenobarbital, accelerate its elimination, but LTG itself has no effect on hepatic metabolic processes. A pharmacodynamic interaction with carbamazepine necessitates a dosage reduction in some patients when LTG is introduced. LTG is a new antiepileptic agent with a long elimination half-life, a broad spectrum of activity, and a wide therapeutic ratio.
Microphone array post-filter based on noise field coherence (2003)

This paper introduces a novel technique for estimating the signal power spectral density to be used in the transfer function of a microphone array post-filter. The technique is a generalization of the existing Zelinski post-filter, which uses the auto- and cross-spectral densities of the array inputs to estimate the signal and noise spectral densities. The Zelinski technique, however, assumes zero cross-correlation between the noise on different sensors. This assumption is inaccurate, particularly at low frequencies and for arrays with closely spaced sensors, and thus the corresponding post-filter is suboptimal in realistic noise conditions. In this paper, a more general expression of the post-filter estimation is developed based on an assumed knowledge of the complex coherence of the noise field. This general expression can be used to construct a more appropriate post-filter in a variety of different noise fields. In experiments using real noise recordings from a computer office, the modified post-filter results in significant improvement in terms of objective speech quality measures and speech recognition performance using a diffuse noise model.
Lectin Arrays for Profiling Cell Surface Carbohydrate Expression (2005)

We present a strategy for the analysis of cell surface carbohydrate expression patterns using lectin arrays fabricated on gold surfaces. Antibody and glycoprotein binding experiments showed that the lectins were effectively immobilized on the surface and retained their carbohydrate-binding specificities. The approach was demonstrated in the analysis of carbohydrate expression on two mammalian cell lines.
Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Involves Functional TLR4 Signaling in Nonparenchymal Cells (2005)

Endogenous ligands from damaged cells, so-called damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, can activate innate immunity via TLR4 signaling. Hepatic warm ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury and inflammation is largely TLR4 dependent. We produced TLR4 chimeric mice to assess whether the TLR4-dependent injury required TLR4 expression on liver parenchymal or nonparenchymal cells. Chimeric mice were produced by adoptive transfer of donor bone marrow cells into irradiated recipient animals using reciprocal combinations of TLR4 wild-type (WT; C3H/HeOuj) and TLR4 mutant (C3H/HeJ) mouse bone marrow. Wild-type chimeric mice bearing TLR4 mutant hemopoietic cells and TLR4 mutant mice transplanted with their own bone marrow-derived cells were protected from hepatic I/R and exhibited decreased JNK and NF-kappaB activation compared with WT chimeric mice transplanted with their own bone marrow. In contrast, TLR4 mutant mice transplanted with TLR4 WT bone marrow were not protected from liver I/R and demonstrated pronounced increases in JNK and NF-kappaB activation when compared with autochthonous transplanted mutant mice. In addition, depletion of phagocytes taking up gadolinium chloride failed to provide any additional protection to TLR4 mutant mice, but substantially reduced damage in WT mice after hepatic I/R. Together, these results demonstrate that TLR4 engagement on actively phagocytic nonparenchymal cells such as Kupffer cells is required for warm I/R-induced injury and inflammation in the liver.
Niclosamide suppresses hepatoma cell proliferation via the Wnt pathway (2013)

Niclosamide is a potential candidate for the treatment of hepatoma.
Matching Faces with Textual Cues in Soccer Videos (2006)

In soccer videos, most significant actions are usually followed by close-up shots of players that take part in the action itself. Automatically annotating the identity of the players present in these shots would be considerably valuable for indexing and retrieval applications. Due to high variations in pose and illumination across shots however, current face recognition methods are not suitable for this task. We show how the inherent multiple media structure of soccer videos can be exploited to understand the players' identity without relying on direct face recognition. The proposed method is based on a combination of interest point detector to "read" textual cues that allow to label a player with its name, such as the number depicted on its jersey, or the superimposed text caption showing its name. Players not identified by this process are then assigned to one of the labeled faces by means of a face similarity measure, again based on the appearance of local salient patches. We present results obtained from soccer videos taken from various recent games between national teams
Capture of circulating tumor cells using photoacoustic flowmetry and two phase flow (2012)

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, yet current diagnostic methods are unable to detect early onset of metastatic disease. Patients must wait until macroscopic secondary tumors form before malignancy can be diagnosed and treatment prescribed. Detection of cells that have broken off the original tumor and travel through the blood or lymph system can provide data for diagnosing and monitoring metastatic disease. By irradiating enriched blood samples spiked with cultured melanoma cells with nanosecond duration laser light, we induced photoacoustic responses in the pigmented cells. Thus, we can detect and enumerate melanoma cells in blood samples to demonstrate a paradigm for a photoacoustic flow cytometer. Furthermore, we capture the melanoma cells using microfluidic two phase flow, a technique that separates a continuous flow into alternating microslugs of air and blood cell suspension. Each slug of blood cells is tested for the presence of melanoma. Slugs that are positive for melanoma, indicated by photoacoustic waves, are separated from the cytometer for further purification and isolation of the melanoma cell. In this paper, we evaluate the two phase photoacoustic flow cytometer for its ability to detect and capture metastatic melanoma cells in blood.
Efficient vlsi architectures for image and video signal processing algorithms (2006)

Due to the rapid development in VLSI technologies, it becomes possible to provide massive computing power which is essential to many real-time signal processing applications. Various functions, for example, machine vision algorithms for object detection or recognition and data compression algorithms for efficient wireless transmission or storage, will be provided by many applications, such as wearable computers and mobile equipments using batteries at home or in the office. These areas will become ubiquitous in some shape or form and generate huge market in the near future. Therefore, high performance and low power VLSI system design will be crucial to the future applications requiring high computational complexities.
Image and video coding techniques have become very attractive and widely used in many applications, such as high definition television (HDTV), video conferencing, and video telephony. Since visual information contains enormous amounts of data, many image and video coding standards, such as JPEG, JPEG-2000, H.26x, and MPEG family, have been developed to achieve high compression ratio. However, image and video coding algorithms have very high computational complexities and often demand strict real-time and low power requirements as well. Therefore, image and video signal processing algorithms are the focus of the thesis. Algorithm optimizations and efficient VLSI architectural designs for motion estimation and compensation in the transform domain, inverse discrete cosine transform, and hierarchical image coding, have been investigated and proposed to provide real-time, low power, and high computational capabilities.
Statistical characterization of nucleic acid sequence functional domains (1983)

It has long been recognized that various genome classes were distinguishable on the basis of base composition and nearest neighbor frequencies. In addition Grantham et al. (8) have recently presented evidence that these distinctions are preserved at the level of codon usage. As discussed in this report it is now clear that these and related statistics can uniquely characterize the various functional domains of the genome. In particular peptide coding, intervening segments, structural RNA coding and mitochondrial domains of the vertebrate genome are uniquely characterizable. The statistical measures not only reflect understood functional differences among these domains but suggest others. The ability of these simple statistics of nucleic acid sequences to reflect so much of the encoded complex pattern information and/or effects of selective constraints is somewhat surprising. Here, we investigated the statistical measures most distinctive of the various domains and then linked them to our current understandings in so far as possible.
Metathesis Activity and Stability of New Generation Ruthenium Polymerization Catalysts (2003)

A kinetic study of three ruthenium carbene catalysts, (H2IPr)(PCy3)(Cl)2RuCHPh, 3 (investigated extensively by Mol), (H2IMes)(Cl)2RuCH(o-iPrOC6H4), 4 (Hoveyda's catalyst), and (H2IPr)(Cl)2RuCH(o-iPrOC6H4), 5 (a new catalyst structure), was conducted under ADMET polymerization conditions. The kinetic behavior of these catalysts was compared to the classical first- and second-generation Grubbs' complexes at 30, 45, and 60 °C. Complex 3 exhibits the highest initial ADMET rate (80 DP s-1) of any phosphine complex to date and efficiently promotes metathesis even at temperatures as low as 0 °C. Complex 4 alone does not polymerize 1,9-decadiene in the bulk; however, addition of a polar solvent induces polymerization. Combining elements of catalysts 3 and 4 yielded the new complex 5. This complex results in higher polycondensation rates than previous Hoveyda-type structures and exhibits an increased stability over its parent phosphine complex. The new catalyst polymerizes 1,9-decadiene in the bulk to high polymer (Mn = 40 000 g/mol) using low catalyst loadings (0.1 mol %). The isomerization chemistry induced by complexes 3 and 5 was investigated using a model compound, 1-octene.
Stroma‐free mass production of clinical‐grade red blood cells (RBCs) by using poloxamer 188 as an RBC survival enhancer (2009)

This RBC production protocol is a simple stroma- and serum-free culture method ensuring enhanced viability of terminally mature erythroid cells and can be easily applicable to mass production of clinical-grade RBCs as well as erythropoiesis research.
Model-based three-dimensional medical image segmentation (1999)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.
Conformational interconversion in compstatin probed with molecular dynamics simulations (2003)

Compstatin is a 13-residue cyclic peptide that has the potential to become a therapeutic agent against unregulated complement activation. In our effort to understand the structural and dynamic characteristics of compstatin that form the basis for rational and combinatorial optimization of structure and activity, we performed 1-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We used as input in the MD simulations the ensemble of 21 lowest energy NMR structures, the average minimized structure, and a global optimization structure. At the end of the MD simulations we identified five conformations, with populations ranging between 9% and 44%. These conformations are as follows: 1) coil with alphaR-alphaR beta-turn, as was the conformation of the initial ensemble of NMR structures; 2) beta-hairpin with epsilon-alphaR beta-turn; 3) beta-hairpin with alphaR-alphaR beta-turn; 4) beta-hairpin with alphaR-beta beta-turn; and 5) alpha-helical. Conformational switch was possible with small amplitude backbone motions of the order of 0.1-0.4 A and free energy barrier crossing of 2-11 kcal/mol. All of the 21 MD structures corresponding to the NMR ensemble possessed a beta-turn, with 14 structures retaining the alphaR-alphaR beta-turn type, but the average minimized structure and the global optimization structures were converted to alpha-helical conformations. Overall, the MD simulations have aided to gain insight into the conformational space sampled by compstatin and have provided a measure of conformational interconversion. The calculated conformers will be useful as structural and possibly dynamic templates for optimization in the design of compstatin using structure-activity relations (SAR) or dynamics-activity relations (DAR).
Peptide mimotopes displayed by phage inhibit antibody binding to Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, and induce specific IgG response in mice (1998)

The major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 is one of the most extensively characterized allergens both on the molecular and the immunological level. To define conformational B cell epitopes on Bet v 1, we screened filamentous phage libraries expressing circular or linear nonapeptides to select ligands specific for anti-Bet v 1 murine monoclonal antibodies BIP1 and BIP4. The deduced amino acid sequence of the BIP1 ligand was CFPYCYPSESA, and of the BIP4-ligand, CRQTRTMPGC. Both sequences derived from the circular phage library. Alignments to the sequence of Bet v 1 showed no similarities, indicating that the antibodies most likely recognize discontinuous epitopes. Phages displaying these mimotopes were capable of inhibiting interactions of the anti-Bet v 1 monoclonals with Bet v 1 in a dose-dependent manner in ELISA. In contrast, sequence-identical synthetic peptides were ineffective in blocking the antibody-allergen interactions. This is in agreement with the conformational inhomogeneity of the peptides in solution as observed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Intragastric administration of phages expressing the BIP1 mimotope induced a Bet v 1-specific IgG response in Balb/c mice. We conclude that peptide mimotopes, when displayed on phages, may induce a protective IgG response preventing IgE-mediated allergic reactions, suggesting a possible clinical application.
Boundary elements of the Tetrahymena telomerase RNA template and alignment domains. (1995)

Telomerase is a DNA polymerase fundamental to the replication and maintenance of telomere sequences at chromosome ends. The RNA component of telomerase is essential for the synthesis of telomere repeats. In vitro, the template domain (5'-CAACCCCAA-3') of the Tetrahymena telomerase RNA dictates the addition of Tetrahymena-specific telomere repeats d(TTGGGG)n, onto the 3' end of G-rich or telomeric substrates that are base-paired with the template and alignment regions of the RNA. Using a reconstituted in vitro system, we determined that altering the sequence of the alignment and template domains affects processivity of telomerase without abolishing telomerase activity. These results suggest that alternative template/alignment regions may be functional. In the ciliate telomerase RNAs, there is a conserved sequence 5'-(CU)GUCA-3', located two residues upstream of the template domain. The location and sequence of this conserved domain defined the 5' boundary of the template region. These data provide insights into the regulation of telomere synthesis by telomerase.
Correlation between Morphological Alterations and Enzyme Activities in the Mucosa of the Small Intestine (1973)

Berg, N. O., Dahlqvist, A., Lindberg, T. & Nordén, Å. Correlation between morphological alterations and enzyme activities in the mucosa of the small intestine. Scand. J. Gastroent. 1973, 8, 703-712.Material for the present study represented 233 small intestinal biopsies taken from 178 adult patients with various gastrointestinal complaints. Parallel analyses were made of morphology (mucosal surface by dissection microscope inspection, mucosal index, distance from top of villi to bottom of crypts over depth of the crypts, and cellular changes), of intestinal dipeptidases (substrates: ala-glu, ala-pro, gly-leu, gly-val, glu-pro, glu-val, val-glu, and val-pro), and of intestinal disaccharidases (maltase, sucrase, isomaltase, lactase, and trehalase). A statistical study of the correlation between these parameters showed: 1) All enzyme activities were significantly correlated to the morphological findings. The ala-pro dipeptidase activity was the one that was most strongly correlated to the morphology score, followed by lactase. 2) In severely pathological intestinal mucosa the disaccharidase activities were much more depressed than the dipeptidase activities. 3) Sucrase and isomaltase were strongly correlated to each other, as gly-leu and gly-val dipeptidase activities, and ala-pro and glu-pro dipeptidase activities. There was a significant increase of the disaccharidase activities from the proximal part (duodenum) to the middle and distal parts of the gut. The increase for the dipeptidase activities was less obvious and only significant for peptidyl-proline dipeptidase activity.
Laser and suture anastomosis: Passive compliance and active force production (1992)

One carotid from each dog underwent a laser anastomosis and the other carotid an interrupted suture repair. One or eight weeks later (n greater than or equal to 4 dogs/time period); four rings (1 mm in length) containing the laser or suture anastomosis or the normal artery (two/dog) were removed. Using a photoelectric force transducer and lever system, the ring was stretched in increments and passive force measured. At each length, the arterial muscle was stimulated and active force measured. The mean laser and control passive length/tension (L/T) curves were not different (P greater than 0.05), but the suture curve was shifted downward (P less than 0.05). The mean laser and suture active L/T curves were similar at 1 week (greater than 0.05) and lower than the control curve (P less than 0.04). At 8 weeks, the laser-repaired vessels produced an active force similar to control muscle (P greater than 0.05) but the suture repairs could not generate this active force (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that the laser repair and normal artery are more mechanically compatible than the suture repair as studied by this method.
Diagnosis of scan chain failures (2002)

This paper first analyzes faulty scan chain behaviors. In addition to stuck-at faults, we also consider timing faults due to hold time violations Test sequences to determine the fault types in a failing scan chain are presented. This is followed by a presentation of two scan design techniques that simplifies scan chain fault diagnosis for both stuck-at and timing faults.
Investigation of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)-Derived Cobalt Silicidation for the Improvement of Contact Resistance (2005)

The improved contact resistance was obtained by the new barrier metal scheme such as CVD-Co/Ti/TiN process in the level of about half of that from CVD-Ti/TiN process. And the mechanism of contact silicidation of CVD-Co/Ti/TiN was investigated. Because Co silicide may prohibit the Si diffusion into Ti silicide and Si recess during TiCl 4 -based CVD-Ti process, and the inertness of Co silicide to the dopants, the improved contact resistance with uniform silicide morphology was obtained. Therefore, CVD-Co/Ti/TiN contact silicide process can be regarded as the next generation contact silicidation process.
Electron microscopic study of supramolecular liquid crystalline polymers formed by molecular-recognition-directed self-assembly from complementary chiral components. (1993)

Electron microscopic observation provides insight into the nature of the polymeric supramolecular liquid crystalline species (TP2, TU2)n formed by polyassociation of the complementary components TP2 and TU2 derived from D-, L-, or meso-tartaric acid (where T is any form of tartaric acid, D is the D species, and L is the L species) and from pyridine (P) and uracil (U) derivatives. Increasing the concentration of equimolecular solutions of (LP2 + LU2) mixtures leads to the progressive assembly of very long supramolecular-polymolecular entities. The process involves successively nucleation to give small nuclei, growth to filaments, and lateral association to tree-like species, strings, and fibers. The species formed are helical; their helicity is right-handed, induced by the chirality of the components and transferred to the larger entities. The data agree with the formulation of the primary filament as a triple-helical species formed by three helically wound supramolecular strands. (DP2 + DU2) mixtures yield left-handed helical species. The helicity of the materials obtained from complementary components having different chirality is imposed by the U component, being, respectively, right- and left-handed for (DP2 + LU2) and (LP2 + DU2). No helicity is found for the meso compounds. The racemic mixture of all four L and D components yields long superhelices of opposite handedness that coexist in the same sample. This points to the occurrence of spontaneous racemate resolution by chiral selection of the components in the self-assembly of these supramolecular liquid crystalline species. The present results illustrate how extended supramolecular-polymolecular entities build up through molecular-recognition-directed polyassociation of complementary components. They also show that molecular chirality is translated into supramolecular helicity that is expressed at the level of the material on nanometric and micrometric scales.