gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noncompetitive NMDA Receptor Antagonists with Fast Open-Channel Blocking Kinetics and Strong Voltage-Dependency as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Alzheimer's Dementia (1995)

There is a growing body of evidence that disturbances of glutamatergic neurotransmission may underlie the pathomechanism and cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease. This review describes the potential use of low affinity, noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists in the treatment of this disease using memantine as an example. Evidence is presented indicating that this class of compound is neuroprotective in preclinical models of subchronic glutamate toxicity without producing side effects characteristic for other classes of NMDA receptor antagonist. This is attributed to their fast blocking kinetics and strong voltage dependency. Memantine also produces symptomatological improvement of cognition in animal models. The mechanism of action of this effect is still unclear but might be related to an enhancement of AMPA receptor mediated neurotransmission. In patients with dementia syndrome of various aetiologies, memantine produces a rapid onset, clinical improvement in various symptomatological deficits.
Critical Size for O2 Dissociation by Au Nanoparticles (2008)

Density functional theory calculations predict that the presence of low-coordination Au atoms is not enough to dissociate O(2), that there is a common pathway for O(2) dissociation on Au nanoparticles and that there is critical size for Au nanoparticles to dissociate O(2) (see figure).Density functional theory calculations carried out for a series of Au nanoparticles as well as for extended systems containing low-coordinated sites show that the presence of low-coordinate Au atoms is not enough to dissociate O(2). Strong adsorption of molecular oxygen on Au nanoparticles is a necessary but not sufficient condition for O(2) dissociation, there is a common pathway for O(2) dissociation on these nanoparticles and there is critical size for Au nanoparticles to dissociate O(2).
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A (CoA) Synthase Is Involved in Biosynthesis of Isovaleryl-CoA in the Myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus during Fruiting Body Formation (2006)

Isovaleryl-coenzyme A (IV-CoA) is the starting unit for some secondary metabolites and iso-odd fatty acids in several bacteria. According to textbook biochemistry, IV-CoA is derived from leucine degradation, but recently an alternative pathway that branches from the well-known mevalonate-dependent isoprenoid biosynthesis has been described for myxobacteria. A double mutant was constructed in Myxococcus xanthus by deletion of genes involved in leucine degradation and disruption of mvaS encoding the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase. A dramatic decrease of IV-CoA-derived iso-odd fatty acids was observed for the mutant, confirming mvaS to be involved in the alternative pathway. Additional quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR experiments indicated that mvaS is transcriptionally regulated by isovalerate. Furthermore, feeding studies employing an intermediate specific for the alternative pathway revealed that this pathway is induced during fruiting body formation, which presumably increases the amount of IV-CoA available when leucine is limited.
Time-Resolved Pulsed Elastography with Ultrafast Ultrasonic Imaging (1999)

In this paper, a new elastographic method is proposed. Using this method, the propagation of a low-frequency transient shear wave can be imaged by means of an ultrafast imaging system (up to 10,000 frames/s) that we have developed. Ultrafast ultrasonic imaging is obtained with a linear array of transducers (3.5 MHz) connected to electronics that have 64 channels sampled at 30 MHz and 128 Kbytes for storing the backscattered signals. Displacements are measured using cross-correlation of the ultrasonic signals. Movies of the low central frequency (200 Hz) shear wave propagation through homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms have been obtained with 1,000 and 2,000 frames per second.
Inhibition of angiogenesis-driven Kaposi's sarcoma tumor growth in nude mice by oral N-acetylcysteine. (2001)

The thiol N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an analogue and precursor of reduced glutathione, has cancer chemopreventive properties attributable to its nucleophilicity, antioxidant activity, and a variety of other mechanisms. We demonstrated recently that NAC has anti-invasive, antimetastatic, and antiangiogenic effects in in vitro and in vivo test systems. In the present study, s.c. transplantation of KS-Imm cells in (CD-1)BR nude mice resulted in the local growth of Kaposi's sarcoma, a highly vascularized human tumor. The daily administration of NAC with drinking water, initiated after the tumor mass had become established and detectable, produced a sharp inhibition of tumor growth, with regression of tumors in half of the treated mice along with a markedly prolonged median survival time. The production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and certain proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67) were significantly lower in Kaposi's sarcomas from NAC-treated mice than from control mice. Treatment of KS-Imm cells with NAC in vitro resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of chemotaxis and invasion through inhibition of gelatinase-A (matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2) activity without altering MMP-2 or MMP-9 mRNA levels. NAC also significantly inhibited VEGF production but did not affect proliferation markers in vitro. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated that total VEGF mRNAs were reduced by 10 mM NAC. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that NAC, the safety of which even at high doses has been established in almost 40 years of clinical use, in addition to its chemopreventive action, has a strong antiangiogenic potential that could be exploited for preventing cancer progression as well as used in cancer adjuvant therapy.
Use of molecular techniques for the detection of antibiotic resistance in bacteria (2003)

The introduction of antibiotics in the 1930s revolutionized the treatment of previously fatal infections. Unfortunately, bacteria adapted quickly to this threat and antibiotic resistance soon developed. Both penicillin and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus were noted almost immediately following the introduction of penicillin and the penicillinase-resistant penicillins respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing rapidly became an integral part of the management of patients with infectious disease and remains the basis for clinical decision-making and antibiotic selection. However, the fundamental principles underlying antibiotic susceptibility testing methods have remained largely unchanged over the last few decades. Due to the inherent time delay imposed by bacterial growth rates, culture-based systems have traditionally provided results several hours to days after initial isolation. Better understanding of the genetic basis of resistance has resulted in the development of molecular methods to detect the genetic changes or mutations present in resistant bacterial phenotypes. Microbiologists and clinicians are faced with increasing options for the use of genotypic or phenotypic methods. This review provides an insight into the current molecular methods available for the detection of antibiotic resistance and to provide a basis for evaluating the choice of testing method to be used.
Document ranking and the vector-space model (1997)

Efficient and effective text retrieval techniques are critical in managing the increasing amount of textual information available in electronic form. Yet text retrieval is a daunting task because it is difficult to extract the semantics of natural language texts. Many problems must be resolved before natural language processing techniques can be effectively applied to a large collection of texts. Most existing text retrieval techniques rely on indexing keywords. Unfortunately, keywords or index terms alone cannot adequately capture the document contents, resulting in poor retrieval performance. Yet keyword indexing is widely used in commercial systems because it is still the most viable way by far to process large amounts of text. Using several simplifications of the vector-space model for text retrieval queries, the authors seek the optimal balance between processing efficiency and retrieval effectiveness as expressed in relevant document rankings.
The Cambridge aerospace dictionary (2010)

The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary is an authoritative and accessible reference useful to scholars and enthusiasts alike. This dictionary is an essential tool for people who must read and understand technical content regarding the aerospace industry and specific aircraft. The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary is also an ideal reference for the engineering and physics student encountering a subject replete with technical jargon and acronyms. The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary is based on three previous editions of the popular and definitive Janes Aerospace Dictionary by Bill Gunston, OBE, FRaes. For this new edition, Gunston, one of the most widely read and respected aviation writers of all time, added over 15,000 new terms, mostly acronyms, in this carefully updated volume. Terms used in the dictionary reflect the diverse and international nature of the aerospace industry. Also included are brief explanations of aerospace materials and organizations. Terms specific to manufacturers, airlines, and armed forces are avoided.
A reorientação diplomática brasileira para o Oriente Médio sob Ernesto Geisel: o caso do Iraque (2018)

No presente trabalho, discutiremos sobre a reorientacao diplomatica brasileira para o Oriente Medio no periodo Geisel (1974-1979), em especial para o Iraque, pais que vinha adquirindo importância estrategica e economica para o Brasil, sobretudo apos o choque do petroleo de 1973. As relacoes com o Iraque se inseriam no contexto do “Pragmatismo Responsavel” de Geisel, buscando a autonomia da politica externa nacional, a universalizacao da diplomacia e a busca pela consolidacao de um projeto de Brasil soberano. Abordaremos a participacao do Iraque nesse processo, elucidando as intensas trocas economicas, interacoes politicas e cooperacao tecnica, militar e nuclear do Brasil para com o Iraque.
Supervised Learning with Growing Cell Structures (1993)

We present a new incremental radial basis function network suitable for classification and regression problems. Center positions are continuously updated through soft competitive learning. The width of the radial basis functions is derived from the distance to topological neighbors. During the training the observed error is accumulated locally and used to determine where to insert the next unit. This leads (in case of classification problems) to the placement of units near class borders rather than near frequency peaks as is done by most existing methods. The resulting networks need few training epochs and seem to generalize very well. This is demonstrated by examples.
Large area, high resolution, dry printing of conducting polymers for organic electronics (2003)

We show here that thermal imaging, a nonlithographic technique which enables printing multiple, successive layers via a dry additive process can be used in combination with tailored printable conductors in the fabrication of organic electronic devices. This method is capable of patterning a range of organic materials at high speed over large areas with micron size resolution and excellent electrical performance avoiding the solvent compatibility issues currently faced by alternative techniques. Such a dry, potentially reel-to-reel printing method may provide a practical route to realizing the expected benefits of plastics for electronics. We illustrate the viability of thermal imaging and imageable organics conductors by printing a functioning, large area (4000 cm2) active matrix backplane display circuit containing several thousand transistors.
Human CTL Epitopes Prostatic Acid Phosphatase-3 and Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of Prostate-3 as Candidates for Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy (2005)

Specific immunotherapy of prostate cancer may be an alternative or be complementary to other approaches for treatment of recurrent or metastasized disease. This study aims at identifying and characterizing prostate cancer-associated peptides capable of eliciting specific CTL responses in vivo. Evaluation of peptide-induced CTL activity in vitro was done following immunization of HLA-A2 transgenic (HHD) mice. An in vivo tumor rejection was tested by adoptive transfer of HHD immune lymphocytes to nude mice bearing human tumors. To confirm the existence of peptide-specific CTL precursors in human, lymphocytes from healthy and prostate cancer individuals were stimulated in vitro in the presence of these peptides and CTL activities were assayed. Two novel immunogenic peptides derived from overexpressed prostate antigens, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate (STEAP), were identified; these peptides were designated PAP-3 and STEAP-3. Peptide-specific CTLs lysed HLA-A2.1+ LNCaP cells and inhibited tumor growth on adoptive immunotherapy. Furthermore, peptide-primed human lymphocytes derived from healthy and prostate cancer individuals lysed peptide-pulsed T2 cells and HLA-A2.1+ LNCaP cells. Based on the results presented herein, PAP-3 and STEAP-3 are naturally processed CTL epitopes possessing anti-prostate cancer reactivity in vivo and therefore may constitute vaccine candidates to be investigated in clinical trials.
Immune response of neonates to oral poliomyelitis vaccine. (1984)

Newborn children 1 to 6 weeks of age were given oral polio vaccines to see whether the age limit of 6-8 weeks for the current Indian immunization program could be reduced. 180 neonates received oral polio vaccines followed by 2nd and 3rd doses at 4 week intervals. Breast feeding was delayed 30 minutes after vaccination. In 139 infants tested after the 3rd dose the titers against type 1 2 or 3 polio virus expressed as percentage of seroconversion did not differ from those seen in groups of children aged 6-20 or 6-51 weeks of age. Babies less than 1 week old were not tested because the literature suggests that their antibody response is inhibited. These results show that maternal antibodies do not prevent local infection by poliovirus in the gut of infants as young as 1 week old.
Generic Schema Matching with Cupid (2001)

Schema matching is a critical step in many applications, such as XML message mapping, data warehouse loading, and schema integration. In this paper, we investigate algorithms for generic schema matching, outside of any particular data model or application. We first present a taxonomy for past solutions, showing that a rich range of techniques is available. We then propose a new algorithm, Cupid, that discovers mappings between schema elements based on their names, data types, constraints, and schema structure, using a broader set of techniques than past approaches. Some of our innovations are the integrated use of linguistic and structural matching, context-dependent matching of shared types, and a bias toward leaf structure where much of the schema content resides. After describing our algorithm, we present experimental results that compare Cupid to two other schema matching systems. This is an extended version of a paper published at the 27th VLDB Conference [7].
Performance of CdZnTe strip detectors as sub-millimeter resolution imaging gamma radiation spectrometers (2002)

We report /spl gamma/-ray detection performance measurements and computer simulations of a sub-millimeter pitch CdZnTe strip detector. The detector is a prototype for /spl gamma/-ray astronomy measurements in the range of 20-200 keV. The prototype is a 1.5 mm thick, 64/spl times/64 orthogonal stripe CdZnTe detector of 0.375 mm pitch in both dimensions, with approximately one square inch of sensitive area. Using discrete laboratory electronics to process signals from an 8/spl times/8 stripe region of the prototype we measured good spectroscopic uniformity and sub-pitch (/spl sim/0.2 mm) spatial resolution in both x and y dimensions. We present below measurements of the spatial uniformity, relative timing and pulse height of the anode and cathode signals, and the photon detection efficiency. We also present a technique for determining the location of the event in the third dimension (depth). We simulated the photon interactions and signal generation in the strip detector and the test electronics and we compare these results with the data. The data indicate that the cathode signal-as well as the anode signal-arises more strongly from the conduction electrons rather than the holes.
Alkylated cAMP derivatives: selective synthesis and biological activities. (1989)

Many alkylated cAMPs have been prepared and tested for their antitumor and cardiac activities. Treatment of cAMP with several bases and alkyl bromides gave alkyltriesters of cAMP (2), N6,N6,2'-O-trialkyl cAMPs (3), N6,2'-O-dialkyl cAMPs (4) and 2'-O-monoalkyl cAMPs (5) in one step. N6,N6-dialkyl cAMPs (6) were prepared from 2'-O-tosyl cAMP by the similar alkylation, followed by detosylation. Synthesis of N6-monoalkyl cAMPs (7) was achieved by the reductive alkylation of cAMP with aldehydes in one step. Alkyl triesters of cAMP exhibited antitumor activities against P815 cells. N6-mono and N6,N6-dialkyl cAMPs showed significant cardiac activities.
CD47 Agonist Peptides Induce Programmed Cell Death in Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells via PLCγ1 Activation: Evidence from Mice and Humans (2015)

Our work provides substantial progress in (i) the development of serum-stable CD47 agonist peptides that are highly effective at inducing PCD in CLL, (ii) the understanding of the molecular events regulating a novel PCD pathway that overcomes CLL apoptotic avoidance, (iii) the identification of PLCγ1 as an over-expressed protein in CLL B cells, and (iv) the description of a novel peptide-based strategy against CLL.
Cure of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Duration of Remission of Low-Grade Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma (1997)

Complete remissions of low-grade gastric MALT Iymphomas after the cure of H. pylori infection appear to be stable, although most patients display evidence of monoclonal B cells during follow-up. Whether these patients are truly cured of their Iymphomas remains to be determined.
The value of the plain radiograph in acute massive pulmonary embolism (1971)

The plain chest radiographs of 25 patients with acute massive pulmonary embolism were examined and later compared with the pulmonary arteriograms. Particular features noted were oligaemia, hyperaemia, infarct shadows, size of the hilar shadows, elevation of the diaphragm and the shape of the main pulmonary trunk. Vascular changes in the lung fields on the plain radiograph were seen in all patients and were the most important diagnostic feature. The other signs were supplementary to the diagnosis, but nevertheless focused the attention of the observer to the appropriate lung. Assessment of the vascular changes may aid in the earlier radiological recognition of this condition.
Cellular repopulation of myocardial infarction in patients with sex-mismatched heart transplantation*1 (2004)

Myocardial infarction enhances the invasion of extracardiac progenitor cells and their regeneration of endothelial cells. However, a significant differentiation into cardiomyocytes as a physiological mechanism of postischaemic regeneration does not occur in transplanted patients.
Selective Inhibition of p70 S6 Kinase Activation by Phosphatidylinositol 3‐Kinase Inhibitors (1995)

Treatment of fibroblasts with wortmannin or demethoxyviridin, two potent inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, prevents the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase, which is induced by a variety of external stimuli. Concentrations giving 50% inhibition of 45 nM (wortmannin) and 400 nM (demethoxyviridin) were obtained when epidermal growth factor was used as an S6 kinase activator; with platelet-derived growth factor, the concentrations giving 50% inhibition were about three-times higher. Western-blot analysis and immunocomplex kinase assays showed that wortmannin and demethoxyviridin specifically block the phosphorylation and activation of p70 S6 kinase without affecting the M(r) 90,000 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90rsk) or mitogen-activated protein kinases. Consistent with the irreversible nature of the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by these compounds, treatment of cells with wortmannin, followed by washing out of the inhibitor, still led to inhibition of p70 S6 kinase activation. Several S6 kinase agonists not previously known to activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (A23187, bombesin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) were found to increase the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in a wortmannin-sensitive manner. These results support a model in which phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase acts upstream of p70 S6 kinase in a mitogenic signalling pathway; the existence of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-independent pathway is also evident.
Human placental transport of oxytocin (1996)

Oxytocin (OX) has been suggested as a signal for parturition. Although OX is produced by both mother and fetus, concentrations are higher in umbilical than maternal blood. In addition, umbilical artery OX concentrations (15-40 pg/ml) are higher than umbilical vein (4-12 pg/ml) and maternal (1-10 pg/ml) concentrations. The umbilical A-V difference suggests that placental uptake and transport may be one path from fetal (F) to maternal (M) circulation. However, this difference may also reflect placental oxytocinase activity, which is known to metabolize biologically active peptides such as OX. We have investigated placental transport of OX from F to M and M to F circulation using in vitro dually perfused isolated cotyledons from term human placenta. Term human placentae from uncomplicated pregnancies were obtained immediately after delivery. A single peripheral cotyledon and corresponding lobule was cannulated and perfused. After stabilization and demonstration of adequate M to F perfusion-perfusion overlap, we studied the transport of OX (3H) with 14C-inulin (14C-IN) as permeability reference in both M to F (n = 8) and F to M (n = 6) directions during 2 h of perfusion. In addition to the higher tissue uptake observed in M to F than F to M transport direction as measured by the drop in the concentration of both 3H-OX and 14C-IN in the circuits in which both compounds were added, the same trend was found for the transfer rates of both compounds. These transfer rates which reflect the permeability of placental tissue to OX and IN were 15.17 +/- 2.79 (mean +/- SD) and 6.28 +/- 0.93 microliters/min/g (M to F) and 11.79 +/- 1.77 and 4.91 +/- 0.81 microliters/min/g (F to M). Although the permeability of both compounds is higher in the M to F than in the F to M transport direction, comparing these permeability values with respect to their molecular weight (MW) showed a significant correlation when known permeability values of polar compounds between MW 60 and 68,000 daltons were included. This correlation indicates that OX crosses the placenta in both directions by simple diffusion. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that there is little evidence of placental metabolism and degradation of OX over the period of these experiments. Oxytocin is the main therapeutic drug that is frequently used in obstetrics for the induction of labor and parturition. Under such circumstances and with respect to the placental permeability results, oxytocin could reach the fetal circulation.
Fully monolithic 4 watt high efficiency Ka-band power amplifier (2003)

Design and performance of a power amplifier that has established a new benchmark for Ka-band power is reported. The amplifier achieved >4 Watts at 25 to 31% PAE with 14 dB of power gain from 29 to 31 GHz. This output power, bandwidth, and efficiency is superior to the best previously reported results. The amplifier is implemented in an improved fully selective 0.15 um power PHEMT process.