gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DFM(A)- aspects for a horn antenna design (2004)

In this paper aspects of design for manufacturability and assembly (DFMA) are applied to the design of coaxially fed standard gain horn antenna for 1.70 - 2.60 GHz. Possibilities to utilize cross-technological approach method is examined. Methods of DFMA for laser processing are covered and practical design guides and methods are developed. Antenna construction for easy manufacturing and specialized performance is shown. Required dimensions and tolerances are discussed and suitable materials for laser processing are selected.
Intratumoral Administration of Dendritic Cells Overexpressing CCL21 Generates Systemic Antitumor Responses and Confers Tumor Immunity (2004)

To achieve in situ tumor antigen uptake and presentation, intratumoral administration of ex vivo-generated, gene-modified murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) was used in a murine lung cancer model. To attract mature host DC and activated T cells at the tumor site, the DC were transduced with an adenoviral vector expressing secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (CCL21/SLC). Sixty percent of the mice treated with 10(6) DC-AdCCL21 intratumorally (7-10 ng/ml/10(6) cells/24 h of CCL21) at weekly intervals for 3 weeks showed complete tumor eradication, whereas only 25% of mice had complete resolution of tumors when mice were treated with fibroblasts expressing CCL21. In contrast only 12% of the mice treated with unmodified or control vector modified DC (DC-AdCV) showed complete tumor eradication. DC-AdCCL21 administration led to increases in the CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD3(+)CXCR3(+) T cells, as well as DC expressing CD11c(+) DEC205(+). CD4(+)CD25(+) T-regulatory cells infiltrating the tumors were markedly reduced after DC-AdCCL21 therapy. The tumor site cellular infiltrates were accompanied by the enhanced elaboration of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IFN-gamma, MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, and interleukin 12, but decreases in the immunosuppressive mediators transforming growth factor beta and prostaglandin E(2). DC-AdCCL21-treated tumor-bearing mice showed enhanced frequency of tumor-specific T lymphocytes secreting IFN-gamma, and tumor protective immunity was induced after DC-AdCCL21 therapy. In vivo depletion of IP-10/CXCL10, MIG/CXCL9, or IFN-gamma significantly reduced the antitumor efficacy of DC-AdCCL21. These findings provide a strong rationale for the evaluation of DC-AdCCL21 in cancer immunotherapy.
Efficient discovery of conserved patterns using a pattern graph (1997)

In this paper, we describe a new and improved searching strategy that has two main advantages over the old strategy. First, it allows for easier integration with programs for multiple sequence alignment and data base search. Secondly, it makes it possible to use branch-and-bound search, and heuristics, to speed up the search. The new search strategy has been implemented in a new version of the Pratt program.
Gastrointestinal Satiety Signals (2007)

The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide has imparted renewed impetus to the study of the mechanisms of appetite regulation. Digestion and nutrient absorption take place in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, whereas food intake is controlled by neuronal circuits in the central nervous system. The need for gut-brain cross talk is therefore clear. It is now recognized that hormones released into the circulation from the GI tract in response to nutritional stimuli form a key component of this gut-brain axis. Peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and peptide YY3-36 reduce food intake in both animal models and in humans. Physiologically, such peptides are thought to act as satiety signals and meal terminators. Here, we review the current state of the field of the effects of gut hormone action on appetite control.
Toward Normative Expert Systems: Part I The Pathfinder Project (1992)

Pathfinder is an expert system that assists surgical pathologists with the diagnosis of lymph-node diseases. The program is one of a growing number of normative expert systems that use probability and decision theory to acquire, represent, manipulate, and explain uncertain medical knowledge. In this article, we describe Pathfinder and our research in uncertain-reasoning paradigms that was stimulated by the development of the program. We discuss limitations with early decision-theoretic methods for reasoning under uncertainty and our initial attempts to use non-decision-theoretic methods. Then, we describe experimental and theoretical results that directed us to return to reasoning methods based in probability and decision theory.
TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and CD95 are not required for T cell deletion after virus infection but contribute to peptide-induced deletion under limited conditions (2000)

Deletion of mature T cells maintains cellular homeostasis and is involved in the maintenance of self tolerance to some peripheral self antigens. Previous studies have presented conflicting evidence for a role of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family member CD95 (Fas) in peripheral T cell deletion using CD95-deficient mice. To evaluate cooperation between CD95 and another TNFR family molecule, TNFR1, we generated mice deficient for both CD95 and TNFR1. We showed that TNFR1 and CD95 do not contribute to the decline of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes after virus infection. Using TNFR1 / CD95-deficient mice expressing the P14 TCR specific for a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-derived peptide (p33) we showed that deletion of p33-specific CD8+ T cells following high dose p33 administration is also normal. However, in non-TCR-transgenic TNFR1 / CD95-deficient mice treated with the same p33 regimen, tolerance induction was defective. These data indicate that TNFR1 and CD95 are dispensable for deletion of antigen-specific T cells after viral infection. However, under certain conditions, both TNFR1 and CD95 appear to cooperate in CD8+ T cell deletion.
Recent advances in immuno‐oncology and its application to urological cancers (2016)

Recent advances in immuno-oncology have the potential to transform the practice of medical oncology. Antibodies directed against negative regulators of T-cell function (checkpoint inhibitors), engineered cell therapies and innate immune stimulators, such as oncolytic viruses, are effective in a wide range of cancers. Immune'based therapies have had a clinically meaningful impact on the treatment of advanced melanoma, and the lessons regarding use of single agents and combinations in melanoma may be applicable to the treatment of urological cancers. Checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine therapy and therapeutic vaccines are already showing promise in urothelial bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer. Critical areas of future immuno-oncology research include the prospective identification of patients who will respond to current immune-based cancer therapies and the identification of new therapeutic agents that promote immune priming in tumours, and increase the rate of durable clinical responses.
Improved instantaneous frequency estimation using an adaptive short-time Fourier transform (2000)

Instantaneous frequency estimation (IFE) arises in a variety of important applications, including FM demodulation. We present here a new time-frequency representation (TFR)-based approach to IFE based on an adaptive short-time Fourier transform (ASTFT). This TFR leads naturally to a type of short-term ML estimator of the IF. To further improve the performance, we apply a multistate hidden Markov model (HMM)-based post-estimation tracker. The end result is up to a 16-dB reduction in the threshold SNR over the frequency discriminator (FD) and an 8-dB improvement over the phase-locked loop (PLL) for a Rayleigh fading channel.
Acoustic microscopy--principles and applications in the studies of biomaterial microstructure. (1984)

The acoustic microscopy is based on totally different physical concepts than both the optical and electron microscopes. Therefore, the information obtained with an acoustic microscope is significantly different from those obtainable by the other two. By employing elastic waves, detailed microscopic information regarding biomaterial properties like density, elasticity, viscosity and viscoelasticity are obtained with an acoustic microscope. Live tissue can be examined without fixing or chemical staining. The Scanning Laser Acoustic Microscope (SLAM) and the Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM) are the only acoustic microscopes commercially available today. The SAM operates at as high as 4.2 GHz frequency providing at least five times better resolution than the optical limit. The SLAM, however, operates generally at 100 or 500 MHz and can therefore examine thicker samples than the SAM, but at lower resolutions. For optically translucent samples, the SLAM can also provide an optical image simultaneously with the acoustical one. A laser beam is employed in the scanning mechanism in the SLAM, compared to mechanically translating the sample in the SAM. Consequently, the scanning rate is much faster in the SLAM at about 30 frames per second, compared to several seconds per frame for the SAM. Both qualitative as well as quantitative information is obtainable about the material under examination. As a qualitative tool, the information is used to classify and sort materials and detect and localize flaws and defects in optically opaque samples. A microscopic map of the specimen's mechanical properties can be produced using information from the acoustic image. This information may then lead to better understanding of biomaterial microstructure and also can be a valuable aid in characterization of certain subtle morphological differences.
Quantitative and qualitative characterization of human cancer-associated serum glycoprotein antigens expressing fucosyl or sialyl-fucosyl type 2 chain polylactosamine. (1986)

The quantity of tumor-associated antigens carrying type 2 chain polylactosamines with four types of fucosyl determinants, LeX (X-hapten), poly-LeX, sialyl LeX, and LeY (Y-hapten), present in sera of patients with various malignant and non-malignant disorders, as well as the qualitative chemical properties of the carrier molecules in sera, have been investigated using four monoclonal antibodies, each of which defines one of these determinants. The following findings are of particular importance: the serum levels of LeX defined by antibody FH2 and poly-LeX defined by ACFH18 in patients with cancer were occasionally high (incidence about 10%); however, the majority of patients did not show elevated levels; the serum level of the antigen, defined by monoclonal antibody FH6 (termed sialyl LeX-i since this determinant is carried by i antigen), was significantly high in patients with cancers originating from organs from which adenocarcinomas often develop. For example, among various types of lung cancer, only adenocarcinoma but not squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, or large cell carcinoma showed a high level of sialyl LeX-i antigen in sera. The incidence of high antigen levels in sera of patients with adenocarcinomas of lung was as high as 76% of the observed cases; the serum level of Ley (Y-hapten) was frequently high in patients with hepatoma (incidence, 34%); sialyl LeX-i antigen was separated on gel filtration as a glycoprotein with an average molecular weight greater than 10(6). It was characterized by its susceptibility to basehydrolysis, Pronase digestion, and sialidase and endo-beta-galactosidase treatment and is assumed to be a high molecular weight mucin-type glycoprotein; sialyl LeX-i antigen expressed in sera of patients with cancer was soluble in perchloric acid, while the same antigen in sera of patients with noncancerous diseases and normal subjects was mostly insoluble in perchloric acid. LeX, a poly-LeX, and essentially all LeY antigens in sera of patients with cancer were perchloric acid-insoluble.
Expression of biologically active bovine luteinizing hormone in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1985)

Biologically active bovine luteinizing hormone (LH) has been obtained through expression of the alpha- and LH beta-subunit genes in stably transformed clones of DUXB11, a Chinese hamster ovary cell line deficient in dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Expression of alpha-and LH beta-subunit mRNAs of the expected sizes (approximately 910 and 770 nucleotides, respectively) were revealed by blot analysis after electrophoresis of total cellular RNA. Furthermore, presence or absence of the gonadotropin mRNAs in several clonal lines was directly correlated with the appearance of one or both bovine LH subunits in the culture medium. Media from three clones secreting significant immunoreactive levels of both subunits also stimulated the release of progesterone in ovine luteal cells, suggesting that the secreted LH was assembled into a biologically active and glycosylated dimer. Immunoprecipitation and NaDodSO4/PAGE of [35S]methionine-labeled proteins secreted from one of the clones, CHODLH20, further confirmed the presence of an alpha/beta dimer with apparent subunit molecular weights of 20,500 and 16,000, only slightly higher than those of pituitary alpha and LH beta subunits.
In vivo protein-DNA interactions at hypersensitive site 3 of the human beta-globin locus control region. (1992)

The expression of beta-globin genes in developing erythroid cells is dependent on distant, upstream regulatory sequences, known as the locus control region (LCR), which are marked in chromatin by DNase I hypersensitive sites (HS-1 to HS-4). Linkage of the beta-globin gene complex LCR or fragments surrounding core regions of 200-300 base pairs to the human beta-globin gene permits consistent, high-level expression of the transgene in mice. To define the array of nuclear factors interacting with beta-LCR HS-3, we have performed in vivo dimethyl sulfate footprinting of the active HS-3 core in erythroid cells by a modified procedure that permits assessment of protein-DNA contacts at adenine, as well as guanine, residues. In vivo protein occupancy differs considerably from that predicted from previous in vitro binding analyses. In vivo footprinting detects protein binding at four sites recognized by the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1, at two CACC/GT motifs, and at a single AP-1/NF-E2 site. The regulatory elements occupied in vivo in HS-3 appear similar to those described previously in globin gene promoters and 3' enhancers. These findings suggest that the distinctive properties of the HS-3 region may be attributable to the organization of these occupied motifs and the consequent protein interactions, rather than to the binding of unique LCR regulatory factors.
Structural, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Analysis of the Binding of the 40 kDa PEG−Interferon-α2a and Its Individual Positional Isomers to the Extracellular Domain of the Receptor IFNAR2 (2005)

Type-I Interferons exert antiviral and antiproliferative activities through the binding to a common cell surface receptor comprising two subunits, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. Human recombinant Interferon-alpha(2a) (IFNalpha(2a)) is a potent drug (Roferon-A) used to treat various cancers and viral diseases including Hepatitis B/C infections. To significantly improve the pharmacological properties of the drug, a pegylated form of IFNalpha(2a) was developed (PEGASYS). This 40 kDa PEG-conjugated IFNalpha(2a) ((40)PEG-IFNalpha(2a)) is obtained by the covalent binding of one 40 kDa branched PEG-polymer to a lysine side-chain of IFNalpha(2a). Here, we report the detailed structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic analysis of the binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor IFNAR2 of (40)PEG-IFNalpha(2a) and its isolated positional isomers modified at K31, K134, K131, K121, K164, and K70, respectively, in comparison with unmodified IFNalpha(2a). Our binding studies, using the surface plasmon resonance technique, show that the pegylation does not abolish the binding to the receptor, but significantly reduces the affinity mainly due to a change of the association rate. The results are supported by modeling and simulation of the binding, using Self-Avoiding-Walk calculations for the polymer conformations. A correlation between the structural parameters and the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the binding of the positional isomers could be established. For the Isomer-K31 and -K164, the PEG-polymer attachment point is located in proximity to the binding interface, and the isomers display affinity in the range 150-520 nM in an enthalpy-driven binding process. In contrast for the Isomer-K134, -K131, -K121, and -K70, the PEG-polymer is attached remotely from the binding interface, and the isomers exhibit a higher affinity (32-76 nM) in an entropy-driven binding process. This study constitutes an essential collection of knowledge on which the interaction of (40)PEG-IFNalpha(2a) and its positional isomers with its cellular receptors can be better understood.
Targeting c-Myb expression in human disease (2003)

c-Myb is a transcription factor employed in the haematopoietic system and gastrointestinal tract to regulate the exquisite balance between cell division, differentiation and survival. In its absence, these tissues either fail to form, or show aberrant biology. Mice lacking a functional c-myb gene die in utero by day 15 of development. When inappropriately expressed, as is common in leukaemia and epithelial cancers of the breast, colon and gastro-oesophagus, c-Myb appears to activate gene targets of key importance to cancer progression and metastasis. These genes include cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Bcl-2, BclX(L) and c-Myc, which influence diverse processes such as angiogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis. The clinical potential for blocking c-Myb expression in malignancies is based upon strong preclinical data and some trial-based evidence. The modest clinical experience to date has been with haematopoietic malignancies, but other disease classes may be amenable to similar interventions. The frontline agents to achieve this are nuclease-resistant oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), which are proving to be acceptable therapeutic reagents in terms of tolerable toxicities and delivery. Nevertheless, further effort must be focused on improving their efficacy, eliminating non-specific toxicity and optimising delivery. Optimisation issues aside, it would appear that anti-c-Myb therapies will be used with most success when combined with other agents, some of which will be established cytotoxic and differentiation-inducing drugs. This review will explore the future strategic use of ODNs in vivo, focusing on a wide spectrum of diseases, including several beyond the haematopoietic malignancies, in which c-Myb appears to play a role.
Uncommon association of germline mutations of RET proto-oncogene and CDKN2A gene (2008)

We report the clinical and biological features of a patient with a family history of cancer, including melanoma and pancreatic cancer, who had previously undergone surgery for melanoma. He presented the unusual association of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism, and hypercalcitoninemia with a pathological response to pentagastrin, which was histologically deemed secondary to CCH. Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A was diagnosed. RET gene analysis showed a p.V804M missense mutation in exon 14, a low- but variably penetrant defect found in both sporadic and MEN2A-associated MTC/CCH, and a p.G691S polymorphism in exon 11. Furthermore, the germline P48T mutation was found in the CDKN2A gene exon 1, which is known to be associated with melanoma and pancreatic cancer. The patient showed the uncommon coexistence of a germline mutation in two suppressor genes, RET and CDKN2A; this finding, deemed to be a mere coincidence, did not modify the phenotype expected by each single mutation. CCH associated with V804M RET mutation is a precancerous condition and surgery is recommended. In order to exclude MTC, surgery is advised in patients with a pathological calcitonin response to pentagastrin, in the absence of thyroid autoimmunity. CCH-induced hypercalcitoninemia can be associated with thyroid cancers other than MTC (e.g., PTC). Family history is important in scheduling specific genetic screening in high-risk patients and their relatives.
Fields of Effects of 2 Commercial Preparations of Botulinum Toxin Type A at Equal Labeled Unit Doses (2013)

The horizontal and vertical diameters of the fields of effect and the areas were significantly larger for onabotulinumtoxinA than those obtained for abobotulinumtoxinA. There were no significant differences between the products in the Wrinkle Severity Scale scores and Evoked Compound Muscle Action Potentials. OnabotulinumtoxinA had significantly more diffusion than abobotulinumtoxinA when isovolumetric injections of the same labeled unit dose of the products were injected. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Although many studies state that diffusion is product dependent and abobotulinumtoxinA diffuses more than onabotulinumtoxinA, findings from the present study confirm that diffusion is dose dependent and the more potent dose tested diffuses more. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01732809.
Field emission from well-aligned, patterned, carbon nanotube emitters (2000)

We have developed a process to fabricate well-aligned, patterned, carbon nanotube field emitters on glass substrates. The process consists of depositing and patterning a nickel-based metal line on the glass substrate followed by a bias-enhanced microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition to grow carbon nanotube emitters. A turn-on field of 1.2 V/μm, and emission currents of 1 mA/cm2 at 3 V/μm were achieved on well-aligned carbon nanotube emitters. A test of cathode-ray tube lighting elements now underway suggests a lifetime of exceeding 10 000 h.
Electromagnetic Field Treatment of Nerve Crush Injury in a Rat Model: Effect of Signal Configuration on Functional Recovery (2007)

Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been demonstrated to enhance mammalian peripheral nerve regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Using an EMF signal shown to enhance neurite outgrowth in vitro, we tested this field in vivo using three different amplitudes. The rat sciatic nerve was crushed. Whole body exposure was performed for 4 h/day for 5 days in a 96-turn solenoid coil controlled by a signal generator and power amplifier. The induced electric field at the target tissue consisted of a bipolar rectangular pulse, having 1 and 0.3 ms durations in each polarity, respectively. Pulse repetition rate was 2 per second. By varying the current, the coils produced fields consisting of sham (no current) and peak magnetic fields of 0.03 mT, 0.3 mT, and 3 mT, corresponding to peak induced electric fields of 1, 10, and 100 microV/cm, respectively, at the tissue target. Walking function was assessed over 43 days using video recording and measurement of the 1-5 toe-spread, using an imaging program. Comparing injured to uninjured hind limbs, mean responses were evaluated using a linear mixed statistical model. There was no difference found in recovery of the toe-spread function between any EMF treatments compared to sham.
Mitogen‐inducible gene‐6 is a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in hepatocytes and human hepatocellular carcinoma† (2009)

Our data implicate mig-6 as a regulator of EGFR activity in hepatocytes and as a suppressor of EGFR signaling in human liver cancer.