gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward a model of eye movement control in reading. (1998)

The authors present several versions of a general model, titled the E-Z Reader model, of eye movement control in reading. The major goal of the modeling is to relate cognitive processing (specifically aspects of lexical access) to eye movements in reading. The earliest and simplest versions of the model (E-Z Readers 1 and 2) merely attempt to explain the total time spent on a word before moving forward (the gaze duration) and the probability of fixating a word; later versions (E-Z Readers 3-5) also attempt to explain the durations of individual fixations on individual words and the number of fixations on individual words. The final version (E-Z Reader 5) appears to be psychologically plausible and gives a good account of many phenomena in reading. It is also a good tool for analyzing eye movement data in reading. Limitations of the model and directions for future research are also discussed.
A Distributed Information Divergence Estimation over Data Streams (2013)

In this paper, we consider the setting of large scale distributed systems, in which each node needs to quickly process a huge amount of data received in the form of a stream that may have been tampered with by an adversary. In this situation, a fundamental problem is how to detect and quantify the amount of work performed by the adversary. To address this issue, we propose a novel algorithm AnKLe for estimating the Kullback-Leibler divergence of an observed stream compared with the expected one. AnKLe combines sampling techniques and information-theoretic methods. It is very efficient, both in terms of space and time complexities, and requires only a single pass over the data stream. We show that AnKLe is an (ε, δ)-approximation algorithm with a space complexity Õ(1/ε + 1/ε <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) bits in "most" cases, and Õ(1/ε + (n-ε <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> )/ε <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) otherwise, where n is the number of distinct data items in a stream. Moreover, we propose a distributed version of AnKLe that requires at most O (rℓ (log n + 1)) bits of communication between the ℓ participating nodes, where r is number of rounds of the algorithm. Experimental results show that the estimation provided by AnKLe remains accurate even for different adversarial settings for which the quality of other methods dramatically decreases.
Low-Level Laser Therapy Applied Transcranially to Rats After Induction of Stroke Significantly Reduces Long-Term Neurological Deficits (2006)

Our data suggest that a noninvasive intervention of LLLT issued 24 hours after acute stroke may provide a significant functional benefit with an underlying mechanism possibly being induction of neurogenesis.
Triple band dual polarized basestation antenna (2007)

A 2-polarization multiband antenna was theoretically designed and evaluated. The result is an triple-resonant behavior with 49% bandwidth. The radiation patterns and cross-polar performance suffer at the high end frequencies.
Parametric sensitivity of stoichiometric flux balance models applied to wild‐type Escherichia coli metabolism (1995)

Stoichiometrically based flux balance models provide a method to quantify the metabolic pathway fluxes within a living cell. Predictions of flux balance models are expected to have applications in pathway engineering as well as in bioprocess design and control. These models utilize optimality principles applied to metabolic pathway stoichiometry along with the metabolic requirements for growth to determine the flux distribution in a metabolic network. A flux balance model has been developed for Escherichia coli W3110 using five experimentally determined strain-specific parameters. In this report, we determine the sensitivity of the predictions of the flux balance model to these five strain-specific parameters. Model predictions are shown to be sensitive to the two parameters describing metabolic capacity, while they are relatively insensitive to the three parameters that describe the metabolic requirements for growth. Thus, when stoichiometrically based models are formulated for additional strains one needs to measure the metabolic capacity (maximum rates of nutrient and oxygen utilization) accurately. Determination of metabolic capacity from batch experiments is relatively easy to perform. On the other hand, the harder to determine maintenance parameters need not be as accurately determined. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Simulation Of The Object Flow Model: A Conceptual Modeling Language For Object-driven Applications (2005)

The Object Flow Model (OFM) has been developed as a conceptual modeling language (CML) for object-driven (i.e. datadriven, object-oriented) applications. The model includes an object-oriented database that provides both a semantic data model to describe the stnrcture of complex objects and local methods associated with the classes appearing in the class hiermhy. The major contribution of the OFM is the dynamic modeling component called the Object Flow Diagram. Process steps are displayed in a directed graph; pmesses are trigered by the availability of the relevant objects that satisfy the guard The OFD was inspired by network-base4 process-oriented, discrete event simulation but adopts formal semantics associated with a deductive database rule language. This paper presents the OFM and discusses the suitability of the model to serve as a simulation model for an application as well as various possibilities for implementing an OFM simulator. This research clearly demonstrates that a simulation language with the power of the OFM should be implemented using both traditional event list technology (to handle the unconditional events) combined with qeert systemstyle matching technology to handle guard enforcement.
Synthesis of water-soluble undecagold cluster compounds of potential importance in electron microscopic and other studies of biological systems (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of water-soluble undecagold cluster compounds of potential importance in electron microscopic and other studies of biological systemsPaul A. Bartlett, Barr Bauer, and S. J. SingerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 16, 5085–5089Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00484a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00484a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1292Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The prognostic significance of circulating angiogenesis biomarkers in stage I NSCLC. (2015)

e13506 Background: Dysregulation of angiogenesis has been shown to be intimately associated with tumorigenesis and metastatic progression in multiple carcinomas. The objective of this study was to establish the value of circulating angiogenesis biomarker to identify cases of stage I NSCLC at high risk for disease recurrence. We hypothesize differences in angiogenesis biomarker levels will associate strongly with lung cancer progression and may have prognostic value. Methods: We enrolled a total of 147 patients stage I NSCLC in which there was 39 cases of disease recurrence. Histology for these cases were predominately adenocarcinoma (71.2%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (17.8%) and NSCLC other (11%). Serum from these patients were evaluated for 37 biomarkers associated with angiogenesis were assayed on the Luminex platform including: EGF, Angiopoietin-2, G-CSF, BMP-9, Endoglin, Endothelin-1, Leptin, FGF-1, FGF-2, Follistatin, IL-8, HGF, HB-EGF, PLGF, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, angiostatin, sAXL, sc-KIT, sEGFR, sHer2, sHer3, E-selectin, HGFR/c-Met, Tenascin C, PDGF-AB/BB, sIL-6Rα, sTie-2, Thrombospondin, sNeutrophilin-1, suPAR, sVEGFR1, sVEGFR2, sVEGFR3, PECAM-1, osteopontin. Biomarkers levels were analyzed using COX regression or log-rank test for progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). Results: In our cohort of 147 cases of stage I NSCLC we found 4 biomarkers with significant log-rank p-values (p<0.05) for PFS, including sEGFR, IL-8, sc-KIT, FGF-1. For OS we identified 9 biomarkers with strongly significant a log-rank p-values (p<0.01), including endothelin-1, sHGFR/cMET, VEGF-C, IL-8, angiopoietin-2, sVEGFR-3, PECAM-1, and sc-KIT. Further, an additional 13 angiogenesis biomarkers were found to have log-rank p-values that were significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: We discovered a series of circulating biomarkers of angiogenesis that were significantly associated with prognosis in stage I NSCLC. These angiogenesis biomarkers may provide ideal targets for the establishment of a validated model for predicting lung cancer progression and may have implications for the adjuvant treatment of stage I lung cancer.
Origin of the Open Circuit Voltage of Plastic Solar Cells (2001)

A series of highly soluble fullerene derivatives with varying acceptor strengths (i.e., first reduction potentials) was synthesized and used as electron acceptors in plastic solar cells. These fullerene derivatives, methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), a new azafulleroid, and a ketolactam quasifullerene, show a variation of almost 200 mV in their first reduction potential. The open circuit voltage of the corresponding devices was found to correlate directly with the acceptor strength of the fullerenes, whereas it was rather insensitive to variations of the work function of the negative electrode. These observations are discussed within the concept of Fermi level pinning between fullerenes and metals via surface charges.
ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1 Expression Disrupts Raft Membrane Microdomains through Its ATPase-related Functions (2006)

ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is known to mediate cholesterol efflux to lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I. In addition, ABCA1 has been shown to influence functions of the plasma membrane, such as endocytosis and phagocytosis. Here, we report that ABCA1 expression results in a significant redistribution of cholesterol and sphingomyelin from rafts to non-rafts. Caveolin, a raft/caveolae marker also redistributes from punctate caveolae-like structures to the general area of the plasma membrane upon ABCA1 expression. Furthermore, we observed significant reduction of Akt activation in ABCA1-expressing cells, consistent with raft disruption. Cholesterol content in the plasma membrane is, however, not altered. Moreover, we provide evidence that a non-functional ABCA1 with mutation in an ATP-binding domain, A937V, fails to redistribute cholesterol, sphingomyelin, or caveolin. A937V also fails to influence Akt activation. Finally, we show that apolipoprotein A-I preferentially associates with non-raft membranes in ABCA1-expressing cells. Our results thus demonstrate that ABCA1 causes a change in overall lipid packing of the plasma membrane, likely through its ATPase-related functions. Such reorganization by ABCA1 effectively expands the non-raft membrane fractions and, consequentially, pre-conditions cells for cholesterol efflux.
Development of broad-host-range vectors and gene banks: self-cloning of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO chromosome (1982)

A host-vector system for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO was developed. Scattered regions of the strain PAO chromosome were cloned by direct selection for complementation of auxotrophs or from a DNA gene bank which contains over 1,000 independently isolated chromosome-vector recombinant plasmids. The use of partially digested chromosomal DNA facilitated the selection of a variety of strain PAO chromosomal markers. The progenitor of the vector was a small, multicopy plasmid, pRO1600, found in a PAO strain which had acquired RP1 in a mating experiment. The bacterial host range that could be determined by transformation of vectors produced from pRO1600 resembles that for plasmid RP1. Two derivative plasmids were formed: pRO1613, for cloning DNA cleaved with restriction endonuclease PstI, and pRO1614, which was formed by deleting part of pRO1613 and fusion with plasmid pBR322. Plasmid pRO1614 utilizes known cloning sites within the tetracycline resistance region of pBR322.
Streptokinase: cloning, expression, and excretion by Escherichia coli. (1984)

Genomic DNA from Streptococcus equisimilis strain H46A was cloned in Escherichia coli by using the bacteriophage lambda replacement vector L47 and an in vitro packaging system. A casein/plasminogen overlay technique was used to screen the phage bank for recombinants carrying the streptokinase gene ( skc ). The gene was present with a frequency of 1 in 836 recombinants, and 10 independent clones containing skc were isolated and physically characterized. One recombinant clone was used to subclone skc in E. coli plasmid vectors. Plasmid pMF2 [10.4 kilobases (kb)] consisting of pACYC184 with a 6.4-kb H46A DNA fragment in the EcoRI site and pMF5 (6.9 kb) carrying a 2.5-kb fragment in the Pst I site of pBR322 were among the recombinant plasmids determining streptokinase production in three different E. coli host strains. Expression of skc was independent of its orientation in either vector, indicating that its own promoter was present and functional in E. coli. However, expression in pBR322 was more efficient in one orientation than in the other, suggesting that one or both of the bla gene promoters contributed to skc expression. Several lines of evidence, including proof obtained by the immunodiffusion technique, established the identity of E. coli streptokinase. Testing cell-free culture supernatant fluids, osmotic shock fluids, and sonicates of osmotically shocked cells for streptokinase activity revealed the substance to be present in all three principal locations, indicating that E. coli cells were capable of releasing substantial amounts of streptokinase into the culture medium.
Factors Affecting the Perceived Helpfulness of Therapy with Stepfamilies (2001)

Abstract This article examines gender-related differences in clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of the therapeutic process in facilitating stepfamily adjustment. Data from the membership of the Stepfa-mily Association of America was analyzed to examine what 292 clients reported as helpful and unhelpful aspects of therapy by gender of client, gender of therapist, and gender pairings. Results of analysis of variance and chi-square analyses indicated no gender-related differences in clients' general assessment of the therapy experience. However, various gender-related aspects of therapy reported as helpful and unhelpful did differ, including the affective nature of the therapy experience and clients' perception of therapists' ability to facilitate clients' gaining specific skills.
A New High-Tc Oxide Superconductor without a Rare Earth Element (1988)

We have discovered a new high- T c oxide superconductor of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system without any rare earth element. The oxide BiSrCaCu 2 O x has T c of about 105 K, higher than that of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 by more than 10 K. In this oxide, the coexistence of Sr and Ca is necessary to obtain high T c .
Evidence for Plasticity and Structural Mimicry at the Immunoglobulin Light Chain-Protein L Interface (2002)

The multidomain bacterial surface protein L (PpL) is a virulence factor expressed by only 10% of Peptostreptococcus magnus strains, and its expression is correlated with bacterial vaginosis. The molecular basis for its ability to recognize 60% of mammalian immunoglobulin light chain variable regions (V(L)) has been described recently by x-ray crystallography, which suggested the presence of two V(L) binding sites on each protein L domain (Graille, M., Stura, E. A., Housden, N. G., Beckingham, J. A., Bottomley, S. P., Beale, D., Taussig, M. J., Sutton, B. J., Gore, M. G., and Charbonnier, J. (2001) Structure 9, 679-687). Here, we report the crystal structure at 2.1 A resolution of a protein L mutant complexed to an Fab' fragment with only 50% of the V(L) residues interacting with PpL site 1 conserved. Comparison of the site 1 interface from both structures shows how protein L is able to accommodate these sequence differences and therefore bind to a large repertoire of Ig. The x-ray structure and NMR results confirm the existence of two V(L) binding sites on a single protein L domain. These sites exhibit a remarkable structural mimicry of growth factors binding to their receptors. This could explain the protein L superantigenic activity on human B lymphocytes.
Comparison of the Serodia Treponema pallidum Particle Agglutination, Captia Syphilis-G, and SpiroTek Reagin II Tests with Standard Test Techniques for Diagnosis of Syphilis (2000)

We compared the microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum (MHA-TP), a treponemal test, with two other treponemal tests, the Serodia Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) assay and the Captia Syphilis-G enzyme immunoassay, using 390 clinical serum samples. We also compared two nontreponemal tests, the rapid plasma Reagin (RPR) card test and the SpiroTek Reagin II test. Agreements of the MHA-TP with the TP-PA test and the Syphilis-G test were 97.4 and 97.7%, respectively. There was 89.2% agreement between the RPR and Reagin II tests. The Reagin II test was more apt to be reactive if the treponemal test was also reactive. We conclude that either the Serodia TP-PA test or the Captia Syphilis-G test is an appropriate substitute for the MHA-TP and that the Spirotek Reagin II test could substitute for the RPR test as a screening test.
Equine rhinovirus serotypes 1 and 2: relationship to each other and to aphthoviruses and cardioviruses (1996)

Equine rhinoviruses (ERVs) are picornaviruses which cause a mild respiratory infection in horses. The illness resembles the common cold brought about by rhinoviruses in humans; however, the presence of a viraemia during ERV-1 infection, the occurrence of persistent infections and the physical properties are all more reminiscent of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). cDNA cloning and sequencing of the genomes of ERV-1 and ERV-2 between the poly(C) and poly(A) tracts showed that the serotypes are heterogeneous. Nevertheless, the genomic architecture of both serotypes is most similar to that of FMDV. Indeed, a comparison of the derived protein sequences of ERV-1 shows that their identity is greatest to FMDV. In contrast, most ERV-2 proteins are more related to encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) proteins than they are to FMDV or ERV-1. These results place ERV-1 alongside FMDV in the aphthovirus genus of the picornavirus family and indicate that this virus may serve as a model system for examining the biology of FMDV.
5-Lipoxygenase Products Modulate the Activity of the 85-kDa Phospholipase A2 in Human Neutrophils (1995)

Addition of submicromolar concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA) to human neutrophils induced a 2-fold increase in the activity of a cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) when measured using sonicated vesicles of 1-stearoyl-2-[14C]arachidonoylphosphatidylcholine as substrate. A similar increase in cytosolic PLA2 activity was induced by stimulation of neutrophils with leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 5-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid, or 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE). LTB4 was the most potent of the agonists, showing maximal effect at 1 nM. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase with either eicosatetraynoic acid or zileuton prevented the AA-induced increase in PLA2 activity but had no effect on the response induced by LTB4. Furthermore, pretreatment of neutrophils with a LTB4-receptor antagonist, LY 255283, blocked the AA- and LTB4-induced activation of PLA2 but did not influence the action of 5-HETE. Treatment of neutrophils with pancreatic PLA2 also induced an increase in the activity of the cytosolic PLA2; this response was inhibited by both eicosatetraynoic acid or LY 255283. The increases in PLA2 activity in response to stimulation correlated with a shift in electrophoretic mobility of the 85-kDa PLA2, as determined by Western blot analysis, suggesting that phosphorylation of the 85-kDa PLA2 likely underlies its increase in catalytic activity. Although stimulation of neutrophils with individual lipoxygenase metabolites did not induce significant mobilization of endogenous AA, they greatly enhanced the N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced mobilization of AA as determined by mass spectrometry analysis. Our findings support a positive-feedback model in which stimulus-induced release of AA or exocytosis of secretory PLA2 modulate the activity of the cytosolic 85-kDa PLA2 by initiating the formation of LTB4. The nascent LTB4 is then released to act on the LTB4 receptor and thereby promote further activation of the 85-kDa PLA2. Since 5-HETE and LTB4 are known to prime the synthesis of platelet-activating factor, the findings suggest that 85-kDa PLA2 plays a role in platelet-activating factor synthesis.
Development of integer cosine transforms by the principle of dyadic symmetry (1989)

The paper shows how to convert the order-8 cosine transforms into a family of integer cosine transforms (ICTs) using the theory of dyadic symmetry. The new transforms can be implemented using simple integer arithmetic. It was found that performance close to that of the DCT can be achieved with an ICT that requires only 4 bits for representation of its kernel component magnitude. Better performance can be achieved by some ICTs whose kernel components require longer bit lengths for representation. ICTs that require 3 bits or less for representation of their component magnitude are available but with degraded performance. The availability of many ICTs provides an engineer the freedom to tradeoff performance for simple implementation in designing a transform codec.