gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Marburg Virus Glycoprotein GP2: pH-Dependent Stability of the Ectodomain α-Helical Bundle (2012)

Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) constitute the family Filoviridae of enveloped viruses (filoviruses) that cause severe hemorrhagic fever. Infection by MARV requires fusion between the host cell and viral membranes, a process that is mediated by the two subunits of the envelope glycoprotein, GP1 (surface subunit) and GP2 (transmembrane subunit). Upon viral attachment and uptake, it is believed that the MARV viral fusion machinery is triggered by host factors and environmental conditions found in the endosome. Next, conformational rearrangements in the GP2 ectodomain result in the formation of a highly stable six-helix bundle; this refolding event provides the energetic driving force for membrane fusion. Both GP1 and GP2 from EBOV have been extensively studied, but there is little information available for the MARV glycoproteins. Here we have expressed two variants of the MARV GP2 ectodomain in Escherichia coli and analyzed their biophysical properties. Circular dichroism indicates that the MARV GP2 ectodomain adopts an α-helical conformation, and one variant sediments as a trimer by equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation. Denaturation studies indicate the α-helical structure is highly stable at pH 5.3 (unfolding energy, ΔG(unf,H(2)O), of 33.4 ± 2.5 kcal/mol and melting temperature, T(m), of 75.3 ± 2.1 °C for one variant). Furthermore, we found the α-helical stability to be strongly dependent on pH, with higher stability under lower-pH conditions (T(m) values ranging from ~92 °C at pH 4.0 to ~38 °C at pH 8.0). Mutational analysis suggests two glutamic acid residues (E579 and E580) are partially responsible for this pH-dependent behavior. On the basis of these results, we hypothesize that the pH-dependent folding stability of the MARV GP2 ectodomain provides a mechanism for controlling conformational preferences such that the six-helix bundle "postfusion" state is preferred under conditions of appropriately matured endosomes.
Ultrawide, 75 nm 3 dB gain-band optical amplifier utilizing erbium-doped fluoride fiber and Raman fiber (2002)

Summary form only given. Wideband optical amplifiers are the key devices to enlarge the capacity of WDM transmission systems. Several approaches have been investigated to broaden and flatten the gain band of fibre amplifiers, including combining a gain-flattened erbium-doped silicate fiber amplifier (EDSFA) with Raman amplification in the transmission fiber. This approach is quite effective to extend the gain band to longer wavelengths because the Raman gain counterbalances the decrease in the EDSFA gain. We achieve the extremely large 3-dB gain bandwidth of 75 nm (1531-1606 nm) with a novel configuration. A wideband and gain-flattened erbium-doped fluoride fiber amplifier is combined with an internal Raman amplifier using a high-NA germano-silicate fiber (Raman fiber). Error-free operation in a WDM (9/spl times/2.5 Gbit/s) transmission is confirmed in an in-line amplifier configuration.
Endosomal-sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway-dependent endosomal traffic regulates the localization of active Src at focal adhesions (2010)

Active Src localization at focal adhesions (FAs) is essential for cell migration. How this pool is linked mechanistically to the large pool of Src at late endosomes (LEs)/lysosomes (LY) is not well understood. Here, we used inducible Tsg101 gene deletion, TSG101 knockdown, and dominant-negative VPS4 expression to demonstrate that the localization of activated cellular Src and viral Src at FAs requires the endosomal-sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway. Tsg101 deletion also led to impaired Src-dependent activation of STAT3 and focal adhesion kinase and reduced cell migration. Impairment of the ESCRT pathway or Rab7 function led to the accumulation of active Src at aberrant LE/LY compartments followed by its loss. Analyses using fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching show that dynamic mobility of Src in endosomes is ESCRT pathway-dependent. These results reveal a critical role for an ESCRT pathway-dependent LE/LY trafficking step in Src function by promoting localization of active Src to FAs.
SE(R)RS devices fabricated by a laser electrodispersion method (2011)

A novel laser electrodispersion (LE) technique was employed to deposit gold nanoparticles onto Si and SiO(x) surfaces. The LE technique combines laser ablation with cascade fission of liquid metal micro-drops, which results in the formation of nanoparticles upon rapid cooling. The shape and the size distribution of the Au nanoparticles prepared by LE depend on the nature of the support. Gold nanoparticles were also deposited in the channels of microreactors fabricated by wet etching of Si and used as SE(R)RS sensors. The influence of the nanoparticle surface density as well as of the nature of the substrate on the Raman response was studied. At an appropriate surface density of the deposited nanoparticles a significant enhancement of Raman signal was observed showing the possibility to create efficient SERS substrates. Application of microfluidic devices in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in continuous-flow mode with sensor regeneration is described.
Multisensory visual servoing by a neural network (1999)

Conventional computer vision methods for determining a robot's end-effector motion based on sensory data needs sensor calibration (e.g., camera calibration) and sensor-to-hand calibration (e.g., hand-eye calibration). This involves many computations and even some difficulties, especially when different kinds of sensors are involved. In this correspondence, we present a neural network approach to the motion determination problem without any calibration. Two kinds of sensory data, namely, camera images and laser range data, are used as the input to a multilayer feedforward network to associate the direct transformation from the sensory data to the required motions. This provides a practical sensor fusion method. Using a recursive motion strategy and in terms of a network correction, we relax the requirement for the exactness of the learned transformation. Another important feature of our work is that the goal position can be changed without having to do network retraining. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our method.
Criteria for an increased specificity of MRI interpretation in elderly subjects with suspected multiple sclerosis (1988)

We reviewed the MRIs of 49 asymptomatic volunteers (age range, 31 to 77 years) and of 50 MS patients (age range, 14 to 63) for areas of increased signal (AIS) and features discriminating MS lesions from lesions seen with normal aging. We obtained optimal specificity of MRI interpretation (100%) if we required at least two of the following three AIS features — size ≥6 mm, abutting ventricular bodies, infratentorial location — for a positive MRI diagnosis of MS. Applying these criteria to the MRIs of elderly patients with suspected MS should significantly improve specificity (p &lt; 0.001) over current quantitative criteria (at least three AIS≥3 mm) without significantly decreasing sensitivity.
Evaluating the performance of virtual sensors (1999)

The term virtual sensor refers to a mechanism used for reconstructing missing, or difficult to obtain, measurements from available data. Typically, a signal model is employed as an integral part of all virtual sensors. Virtual sensors are core building blocks in a wide range of technological systems including control, communications, biomedical, radar and environmental. In this paper, we review design trade-offs for virtual sensors. We show that there are fundamental and unavoidable limitations associated with their performance. The results can be utilized to assess the desirability, or otherwise, of using a virtual sensor in a given application. The implications of the results in feedback control are also briefly explored.
[Analyses of recurrences and nodal metastases of glottic carcinoma after operation]. (2003)

The glottic cancers with subglottic extension may occur PTLN and lower jugular lymph node metastases. The glottic cancers with involved anterior commissure are considered to be more at risk for local recurrences.
Different electrical responses of outer and inner muscle of rabbit carotid artery to noradrenaline and nerves. (1984)

Electrical responses of outer and inner muscle of the rabbit carotid artery to electrical stimulation and noradrenaline were investigated. Mean values of the resting potential and space constant in the direction of the long axis of the cells were -47.3 mV and 1.61 mm for the inner muscle and -45.9 mV and 0.92 mm for the outer muscle. Both muscles showed strong outward-going rectification with no evoked action potential on continuous injection of depolarizing current. Such current spread not only in the direction of the long axis of the smooth muscle cells but also to a lesser degree transverse to this axis (space constant approximately 0.55 mm). There was little or no spread of current from the outer muscle layer to the inner muscle layer. At high frequencies of nerve stimulation (higher than 20 Hz), slow depolarizations representing very slow excitatory junction potentials (e.j.p.s) were recorded from the outer (innervated) muscle. However, e.j.p.s were not evoked from the inner (non-innervated) muscle at any rate of field stimulation. At low frequencies of stimulation (less than 5 Hz) no e.j.p. was observed in either the inner or outer muscle, although the muscle contracted. Noradrenaline (10(-6) M) depolarized inner but not outer muscle. High concentrations of noradrenaline (10(-5) M to 2 X 10(-4) M) caused large depolarization of the inner muscle, and also smaller depolarization of the outer muscle.
Thin-Film Permeation-Barrier Technology for Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Devices (2004)

One of the advantages of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) over other display technologies is the ability to fabricate them on flexible substrates. As polymer substrates do not offer the same barrier performance as glass, OLEDs on polymer substrates will require thin-film barriers on both the bottom and top side of the device layers for sufficient lifetimes. This article provides a review of permeation-barrier technologies as well as the current status of thin-film permeation barriers for OLEDs. Topics include the implications of various device structures, permeation rate measurement, background and state-of-the-art of barrier technology, and mechanical and optical considerations for effective barriers.
A simple iteration scheme for the computation of decay constants in enclosures with diffusely reflecting boundaries (1995)

This paper describes a procedure for the exact determination of the decay constant and hence of the reverberation time of enclosures with diffusely reflecting boundaries. It is based on the integral equation which describes the energy propagation in such rooms under the condition of exponential decay. In contrast to Gilbert’s well-known method, the decay constant is determined by an iterative solution merely of that integral equation. Some typical results for rectangular rooms are presented. Depending on the distribution of sound absorbing areas, considerable differences between reverberation times after Sabine’s equation, on the one hand, and the present method, on the other, are observed. Furthermore, the question to what extent the applicability of the procedure is restricted by the assumption of diffuse wall reflections is discussed.
Directed ortho lithiation of phenylcarbamic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester (N-BOC-aniline). Revision and improvements (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirected ortho lithiation of phenylcarbamic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester (N-BOC-aniline). Revision and improvementsPeter Stanetty, Herbert Koller, and Marko MihovilovicCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 25, 6833–6837Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00051a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00051a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3252Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genistein decreases cellular redox potential, partially suppresses cell growth in HL-60 leukemia cells and sensitizes cells to γ-radiation-induced cell death (2014)

Various mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the cellular activity of genistein, based on biological experiments and epidemiological studies. The present study demonstrated that genistein inhibited the expression of cytoplasmic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)‑dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (cICDH), thus increasing levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human promyeloid leukemia HL‑60 cells. In genistein‑treated cells, the cellular redox potential (GSH/GSSG) was significantly decreased. This decrease in redox potential was caused by significant downregulation of the cICDH gene, generating the reducing equivalents (NADPH) for maintenance of cellular redox potential and cellular ROS level, which may regulate cell growth and cell death. Genistein‑induced ROS partially induced rapid transition into the G2/M phase by upregulation of p21wap1/cip1 and apoptotic cell death. Treatment of cells with N‑acetylcysteine, a well‑known antioxidant (ROS scavenger), not only partially restored cell growth and inhibited cell cycle arrest in G2/M, but also prevented apoptotic cell death. By contrast, normal lymphocytes did not significantly progress into the G2/M phase and radiation‑induced cell death was inhibited by genistein treatment. Therefore, genistein and γ‑irradiation together synergistically cause cell death in leukemia cells, however, genistein has a radioprotective effect in normal human lymphocytes. In conclusion, it was suggested that genistein selectively functions, not as an antioxidant, but as a pro‑oxidant in HL‑60 cells. This property can increase ionizing radiation‑induced cell cycle arrest and sensitivity to apoptotic cell death in human promyeloid leukemia HL‑60 cells, but does not cause significant damage to normal cells.
Kupffer cell-dependent TNF-α signaling mediates injury in the arterialized small-for-size liver transplantation in the mouse (2006)

Implantation of small liver grafts causes liver injury and defective regeneration leading to graft failure. We investigated whether Kupffer cell-dependent TNF-alpha signaling contributes to this poor outcome. Partial 30% liver transplantation was performed in C57BL/6 wild-type mice (control group), and in three groups with down-regulation of the TNF-alpha pathway: (i) TNF receptor 1 knockout [TNFR-1(-/-)] mice, and mice pretreated with (ii) gadolinium chloride or (iii) pentoxifylline (PTX). Fifty-percent partial liver transplantation, a model associated with full recovery, and transplantation in IL-6 knockout [IL-6(-/-)] mice were performed in some experiments. Graft injury, regeneration, portal flow, liver microcirculation, leukocyte adhesion, and animal survival were assessed. Animal survival rates were 14% in the control group vs. 43% in the gadolinium chloride group, 57% for the TNFR-1(-/-) group, and 86% in the PTX group (P < 0.001). Markers of liver injury were reduced in all treated groups when compared with controls. Each treated group disclosed better portal flow and sinusoid perfusion, decreased leukocyte adherence, particularly in the PTX group. Liver regeneration occurred only in the treated groups. IL-6 and IL-10 levels were dramatically up-regulated (50x) in the PTX group, and at lower levels in other experimental groups. The protective effect of PTX was lost in IL-6(-/-) mice and protection was restored by a single dose of r-IL-6. In conclusion, interruption of TNF-alpha signaling or depletion of Kupffer cells improves survival after 30% liver transplantation, reduces liver injury, and enhances regeneration. The superior effects of PTX are mediated by IL-6.
Effects of montelukast (MK-0476); a potent cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, on bronchodilation in asthmatic subjects treated with and without inhaled corticosteroids (1997)

Single oral doses of montelukast 100 mg and 250 mg produced significant increases in FEV1 irrespective of the concurrent use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthmatic subjects with airflow limitation.
Sustained attention performance during sleep deprivation: evidence of state instability. (2001)

Nathaniel Kleitman was the first to observe that sleep deprivation in humans did not eliminate the ability to perform neurobehavioral functions, but it did make it difficult to maintain stable performance for more than a few minutes. To investigate variability in performance as a function of sleep deprivation, n = 13 subjects were tested every 2 hours on a 10-minute, sustained-attention, psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) throughout 88 hours of total sleep deprivation (TSD condition), and compared to a control group of n = 15 subjects who were permitted a 2-hour nap every 12 hours (NAP condition) throughout the 88-hour period. PVT reaction time means and standard deviations increased markedly among subjects and within each individual subject in the TSD condition relative to the NAP condition. TSD subjects also had increasingly greater performance variability as a function of time on task after 18 hours of wakefulness. During sleep deprivation, variability in PVT performance reflected a combination of normal timely responses, errors of omission (i.e., lapses), and errors of commission (i.e., responding when no stimulus was present). Errors of omission and errors of commission were highly intercorrelated across deprivation in the TSD condition (r = 0.85, p = 0.0001), suggesting that performance instability is more likely to include compensatory effort than a lack of motivation. The marked increases in PVT performance variability as sleep loss continued supports the "state instability" hypothesis, which posits that performance during sleep deprivation is increasingly variable due to the influence of sleep initiating mechanisms on the endogenous capacity to maintain attention and alertness, thereby creating an unstable state that fluctuates within seconds and that cannot be characterized as either fully awake or asleep.
Isolation of Human Surfactant from Amniotic Fluid and a Pilot Study of Its Efficacy in Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1983)

Isolation of a sterile, surface-active human surfactant complex from amniotic fluid is described. Its effects on respiratory failure of five very low-birth-weight infants (974 ± 61 g) with severe RDS were studied before and after surfactant administration and were compared with those of a similar group of untreated infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Human surfactant (60 mg/kg) in 3.5 mL of saline was given as a single bolus intratracheally 6 ± 1 hours after birth with the following effects: Pao2 increased from 69 ± 11 mm Hg to 239 ± 19 mm Hg within five minutes, and within 1 hour fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) decreased from 0.94 ± 0.03 to 0.49 ± 0.03, mechanical ventilator pressure requirements decreased significantly, PaCo2 dropped, and the pH increased. Air bronchograms on chest roentgenograms lessened within five hours. In four infants the beneficial effects lasted eight to 15 hours, and although thereafter their respiratory conditions deteriorated somewhat, the RDS was less severe than before surfactant administration, and there were no associated pulmonary complications. However, a fifth infant had severe respiratory failure after striking improvement that lasted fewer than three hours, and subsequent interstitial emphysema, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and intraventricular hemorrhage occurred. There were no detectable side effects with surfactant administration, although a search for immunologic complications continues. Protease activity in lung effluent from the treated infants was lower during the first week of life than among the comparison group, suggesting a lessening of lung injury by surfactant treatment. RDS among patients treated with one dose of human surfactant tended to be milder overall than RDS among control subjects.
Análisis sistémico de la sociedad como máquina (1983)

Cómo puede estructurarase un sistema social repartido en unespacio que se supone vasto, a partir de la posibilidad que ahora es dada a los seres por la comunicación y la unión por "cables" de un territorio, de dispersarse, sin por ello disminuir la eficacia de sus ineracciones, en un univeso basado necesariamente sobre esta interacción?
Notch pathway molecules are essential for the maintenance, but not the generation, of mammalian neural stem cells (2002)

Neural stem cells, which exhibit self-renewal and multipotentiality, are generated in early embryonic brains and maintained throughout the lifespan. The mechanisms of their generation and maintenance are largely unknown. Here, we show that neural stem cells are generated independent of RBP-Jkappa, a key molecule in Notch signaling, by using RBP-Jkappa(-/-) embryonic stem cells in an embryonic stem cell-derived neurosphere assay. However, Notch pathway molecules are essential for the maintenance of neural stem cells; they are depleted in the early embryonic brains of RBP-Jkappa(-/-) or Notch1(-/-) mice. Neural stem cells also are depleted in embryonic brains deficient for the presenilin1 (PS1) gene, a key regulator in Notch signaling, and are reduced in PS1(+/-) adult brains. Both neuronal and glial differentiation in vitro were enhanced by attenuation of Notch signaling and suppressed by expressing an active form of Notch1. These data are consistent with a role for Notch signaling in the maintenance of the neural stem cell, and inconsistent with a role in a neuronal/glial fate switch.
Joint Optimization of Run-Length Coding, Huffman Coding and Quantization Table with Complete Baseline JPEG Compatibility (2007)

JPEG optimization strives to maximize the best rate distortion performance while remaining faithful to the JPEG syntax. Given an image, if soft decision quantization (SDQ) is applied to its DCT coefficients, then Huffman table, quantization step sizes and SDQ coefficients are three free parameters over which a JPEG encoder can optimize. In this paper, we first propose a novel algorithm to find the optimal SDQ coefficient indices in the form of run-size pairs among all possible candidates given that the other two parameters are fixed. Based on this algorithm, we then formulate an iterative algorithm to jointly optimize the run-length coding, Huffman coding and quantization step sizes. The proposed iterative algorithm achieves a compression performance better than any previously known JPEG compression results and even exceeds the quoted PSNR results of some state-of-the-art wavelet-based image coders like Shapiro's embedded zerotree wavelet algorithm at the common bit rates under comparison.