gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MHC Class I/Peptide Stability: Implications for Immunodominance, In Vitro Proliferation, and Diversity of Responding CTL (1998)

Infection of BALB/c mice with Listeria monocytogenes primes CD8+ cytotoxic T cells specific for four different H2-Kd-restricted peptides. In vitro restimulation of L. monocytogenes immune splenocytes with each of these peptides resulted in larger T cell responses to p60 217-225 and mpl 84-92 than to LLO 91-99 and p60 449-457. Direct frequency analyses of immune splenocytes, however, revealed that LLO 91-99 and p60 217-225 elicit dominant T cell responses, while p60 449-457 and mpl 84-92 elicit minor, subdominant responses. Restimulation of immune splenocytes with a range of peptide concentrations revealed that T cells with dominant specificities respond optimally to low peptide concentrations, while T cells specific for subdominant epitopes expand maximally to high peptide concentrations. This disparity correlates with the stability of H2-Kd/epitope complexes: the two dominant epitopes form stable complexes, while the subdominant epitopes form less stable complexes with H2-Kd. Interestingly, T cells specific for LLO 91-99 and p60 217-225 express more complex TCR-Vbeta repertoires than p60 449-457- and mpl 84-92-specific T cells. Thus, in our system, dominant T cell responses have relatively diverse TCR repertoires and are specific for peptides that form stable complexes with MHC class I molecules. Determining the precise roles of epitope/MHC class I stability and TCR repertoire in the generation of dominant T cell responses will require further investigation.
The Growth and Composition of Wool III. Variations in the Sulphur Content of Wool (1965)

The sulphur content of wool was measured during experiments in which the nutritive status of sheep was altered by changes in the amount or composition of the diet. Three experiments were carried out, involving 13 sheep and five diets given at different levels of feeding. Wool grown on delineated areas was collected and its clean dry weight and sulphur content were determined. Wool growth rates varied between 0·3 and 1· 8 mg clean dry wool/cm2/day.
Haemagglutinin of Influenza A Virus Is a Target for the Antiviral Effect of NorakinR (1986)

The anticholinergic anti-parkinsonism drug Norakin is an inhibitor of influenza virus multiplication. By crossing a Norakin-resistant variant of fowl plague virus (FPV) strain Weybridge with the sensitive FPV/Rostock/34 wild-type virus, Norakin-resistant recombinants were obtained. Analyses of the gene composition showed that all Norakin-resistant recombinants had inherited their haemagglutinin gene from the Norakin-resistant parent strain. The majority of the recombinants had received all the other gene segments from the sensitive parent strain. Norakin was shown to inhibit red blood cell lysis induced either by purified virions or by the haemagglutinin of a sensitive FPV strain at low pH, but failed to affect the Norakin-resistant FPV variant. No aggregation of autoliposomes containing the haemagglutinin of a sensitive FPV strain or digestion of the HA1 subunit of haemagglutinin by trypsin occurred in the presence of Norakin at acid pH. The data suggest that the haemagglutinin of FPV is the target for the antiviral activity of Norakin, which acts by inhibiting the conformational change in the haemagglutinin at acid pH important for lysis.
T Cell Deletion in High Antigen Dose Therapy of Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (1994)

Encounters with antigen can stimulate T cells to become activated and proliferate, become nonresponsive to antigen, or to die. T cell death was shown to be a physiological response to interleukin-2-stimulated cell cycling and T cell receptor reengagement at high antigen doses. This feedback regulatory mechanism attenuates the immune response by deleting a portion of newly dividing, antigen-reactive T cells. This mechanism deleted autoreactive T cells and abrogated the clinical and pathological signs of autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice after repetitive administration of myelin basic protein.
Semantic Integration in Heterogeneous Databases Using Neural Networks (1994)

One important step in integrating heteroge-neous databases is matching equivalent at-tributes: Determining which fields in two databases refer to the same data. The mean-ing of information may be embodied within a. database model, a conceptual schema, appli-cation programs, or data contents. Integra-tion involves extracting semantics, expressing them as metadata, and matching semantically equivalent data elements. We present a proce-dure using a classifier to categorize attributes according to their field specifications and data values, then train a neural network to recog-nize similar attributes. In our technique, the knowledge of how to match equivalent data elements is “discovered ” from metadata, not “pre-programmed”. 1
Loss of nonclassical MHC molecules MIC-A/B expression during progression of uveal melanoma (2004)

Uveal melanoma differs from cutaneous melanoma with respect to aetiology, metastatic behaviour and immune biology. The notion that loss of classical MHC class I molecules in uveal melanoma lesions is associated with an improved prognosis suggests that NK cells act as the predominant cells responsible for immune surveillance of this tumour. Consequently, immune escape mechanisms of uveal melanoma should impair the innate immunity. To this end, expression of the ligand for the NK receptor NKG2D, that is, MIC-A/B was expressed by 50% of primary tumours, but none of the metastatic lesions. MIC+ tumours were characterised by a NKG2D+ infiltrate, which was absent in MIC- lesions subsequent to chemoimmune therapy. Strikingly, MIC-A/B expression in metastatic lesions was observed subsequent to chemotherapy with fotemustine in one case. In summary, MIC/NKG2D interactions seem to be involved in the immune surveillance of primary uveal melanomas, whereas for metastatic tumours this ligand/receptor system seems not to be relevant, thus, suggesting an immune selection of MIC negative tumour cells.
Sclerostin (2010)

The striking clinical benefits of intermittent parathyroid hormone in osteoporosis have begun a new era of skeletal anabolic agents. One potential new agent is monoclonal antibody to sclerostin, a potent inhibitor of osteoblastogenesis.
Phase I Study of Prolonged Infusion Bryostatin-1 in Patients (2002)

Abstract Purpose: Bryostatin-1 is a compound known to inhibit protein kinase C expression. Clinical trials have focused on administration schedules ranging from 1 hour to 72 hour infusions. Preclinical data suggest that the down regulation of the target PKC occurs only as long as the drug is being infused. Therefore we performed a phase 1 clinical trial to determine the safety and recommended dose of prolonged infusion Bryostatin-1. Experimental Design: Patients with advanced metastatic cancer were enrolled in this traditional phase 1 clinical trial utilizing prolonged infusion Bryostatin-1. The administration of Bryostatin-1 was initially begun at 96 hours and extended to 14 days. Doses were escalated using the 96 hour infusion time and then duration of infusion was increased. All patients underwent extensive sampling for determination of PKC levels as well as other key biologic end points. The determination of maximum tolerated dose and recommended phase two dose were based on toxicity. Results: 38 patients were enrolled in the study. The recommended phase two doses were 24 mcg/m2 over five days, 16 mcg/m2 over six days and 8 mcg/m2 over 14 days. At the higher dose levels we demonstrated consistent down regulation of PKC h . This was not observed at the low dose level. Toxicities were limited to myalgias and fatigue and were dose-related. The results of downstream signaling effects were less clear. MMP expression was not altered by treatment with Bryostatin-1. Only limited evidence for alterations in PKC activity as measured by expression of phosphorylated MAPK was observed. No objective responses were observed with five patients having prolonged stabilization of disease. Conclusions: Bryostatin-1 is safely administered over prolonged infusion schedules. There appears to be a dose response for PKC inhibition. Bryostatin-1 is a complicated compound as is the target PKC and its related signaling pathways. There is only limited clinical activity with this compound as a single agent; future studies should focus on combinations with other cytotoxics or targeted therapies.
Serotonin in Involuntary Movement Disorders (1988)

AbstractSeveral recent studies have emphasized that serotonergic pathways in the CNS are intimately involved in the modulation of motor behavior, and in the pathophysiology of human involuntary movement disorders. These observations are supported by recent reports demonstrating large serotonergic innervation of the striatum and substantia nigra, and a close interaction between the activity of serotonergic neurons with the dopamine system in the striatum and nigra. In the following communication we summarize evidence demonstrating defective serotonergic functions in a number of human movement disorders and discuss their management with serotonergic drugs.Key Words: serotoninstriatumdopaminetryptophanParkinson's diseasedyskinesias
Positive association between a DNA sequence variant in the serotonin 2A receptor gene and schizophrenia (1996)

Sixty-two patients with schizophrenia and 96 normal controls were investigated for genetic association with restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the serotonin receptor genes. A positive association between the serotonin 2A receptor gene (HTR2A) and schizophrenia was found, but not between schizophrenia and the serotonin 1A receptor gene. The positive association we report here would suggest that the DNA region with susceptibility to schizophrenia lies in the HTR2A on the long arm of chromosomes 13.
HISTOLOGY OF THE LESIONS PRODUCED IN THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF ANIMALS FED A DIET DEFICIENT IN VITAMIN A ALCOHOL BUT CONTAINING VITAMIN A ACID. I. THE MALE RAT (1963)

Summary. Male rats maintained on a diet in which the vitamin A alcohol had been replaced by vitamin A acid developed lesions in the reproductive tract. The testicular changes were a sloughing of the cells of the germinal epithelium followed by an obliteration of the lumen of the tubule by Sertoli cells. Testicular regeneration was produced by the administration of vitamin A alcohol. The lesions are comparable to those of vitamin A deficiency as described by Mason (1933) but are uncomplicated by the secondary manifestations of vitamin A deficiency. The present paper also describes for the first time lesions in the testes of healthy growing prepubertal rats fed the vitamin A acid diet.
Hsp60 and Hsp10 down‐regulation predicts bronchial epithelial carcinogenesis in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2006)

The loss of Hsp60 and Hsp10 immunopositivity is related to the development and progression of bronchial cancer in smokers with COPD.
Chemistry of tetra-alkoxyethenes. Part VII. Thermal [2 + 2] cyclo-additions with 1-cyanobutadienes (1976)

Acyclic 1-cyanobutadienes (2) having a second electron-withdrawing substituent at C-1 behave towards tetra-alkoxyethenes (1) like equally substituted simple olefins. The normal product is a [2 + 2], not a [4 + 2] cyclo-addition product. The correspondence in reactivity of these electron-poor olefins and butadienes towards the nucleophilic tetra-alkoxyethenes is further exemplified by the similarity of substituent effects on the cycloadditions. A possible explanation is given.
Vagus nerve modulation using focused pulsed ultrasound: Potential applications and preliminary observations in a rat (2014)

The use of focused ultrasonic waves to modulate neural structures has gained recent interest due to its potential in treating neurological disorders non-invasively. While several papers have focused on the use of ultrasound neuromodulation on peripheral nerves, none of these studies have been performed on the vagus nerve. We present preliminary observations on the effects of focused pulsed ultrasound (FPUS) on the conduction of the left cervical vagus nerve of a Long Evans rat. Ultrasound energy was applied at a frequency of 1.1 MHz, and at spatial-peak, temporal average intensities that ranged from 13.6 to 93.4 W/cm<sup>2</sup>. Vagus nerve inhibition was observed in most cases. Results of this preliminary study suggested that there is a proportional relationship between acoustic intensity and the level of nerve inhibition.
Breast Cancer after Prophylactic Bilateral Mastectomy in Women with aBRCA1orBRCA2Mutation (2001)

In women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, prophylactic bilateral total mastectomy reduces the incidence of breast cancer at three years of follow-up.
Inhibition of Hedgehog Signaling Antagonizes Serous Ovarian Cancer Growth in a Primary Xenograft Model (2011)

IPI-926 treatment inhibits serous tumor growth suggesting the Hh signaling pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and may hold promise as a novel therapeutic target, especially in the maintenance setting.
Fc-Receptor Interactions Regulate Both Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Antibody Effector Functions (2015)

Antibodies are now recognized as key therapeutic tools to combat most forms of malignancy. Although the first wave of therapeutic antibodies that emerged over two decades ago directly target tumor cells for killing, a new class of antibody therapies targeting immunoregulatory pathways to boost antitumor immune responses by activating the immune system is poised for clinical success. A notable common characteristic of both classes of therapeutic antibodies is the importance of the IgG Fc domain, which connects the fine specificity of an antibody with immune cells that mediate antibody-triggered effector functions through their engagement of Fc receptor (FcR) family members. It is now clear that multiple variables, including the nature of the target molecules, the local presence of effector cells, and the expression patterns of FcRs, will dictate whether and how an antibody will necessitate interactions with FcRs to mediate optimal therapeutic effects. Thus, through careful in vivo mechanistic analyses of individual therapeutic antibodies, Fc domains engineered for optimal engagement of the appropriate cellular FcRs must be designed to maximize clinical success.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection Using Antibody-Linked Magnetic Nanoparticles for Analyte Capture, Purification, Concentration, and Signal Amplification (2009)

Rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of analytes present in low concentrations in complex matrixes is a critical challenge. One issue that affects many biosensor protocols is the number and nature of the interferences present in complex matrixes such as plasma, urine, stool, and environmental samples, resulting in loss of sensitivity and specificity. We have developed a method for rapid purification, concentration, and detection of target analytes from complex matrixes using antibody-coated superparamagnetic nanobeads (immunomagnetic beads, or IMBs). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection signal from staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was dramatically increased when the IMBs were used as detection amplifiers. When SEB detection included a 10-fold concentration/purification IMB protocol, a substantial increase in detection sensitivity was observed. This procedure was used to successfully purify and concentrate SEB from serum and stool samples, then amplify the SPR detection signal. SEB at a concentration of 100 pg/mL was easily detected in both buffer and stool samples using this procedure. The IMB protocol also served to verify the analyte detection by using two different anti-SEB antibodies, mouse monoclonal antibodies attached to the magnetic nanobeads and rabbit polyclonal antibodies on the SPR sensor surface. Multiple detections of SEB in stool were performed using the same sensor surface by regenerating the sensor surfaces with a pH 2.2 buffer wash.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Performance of Neurofilaments in ALS (2019)

There is a need for biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), to support the diagnosis of the disease, to predict disease progression and to track disease activity and treatment responses. Over the last decade multiple studies have investigated the potential of neurofilament levels, both in cerebrospinal fluid and blood, as biomarker for ALS. The most widely studied neurofilament subunits are neurofilament light chain (NfL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNfH). Neurofilament levels are reflecting neuronal injury and therefore potentially of value in ALS and other neurological disorders. In this mini-review, we summarize and discuss the available evidence about neurofilaments as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for human ALS.
Use of monoclonal antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2 for serological analysis of the viral glycoproteins. (1982)

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) specify four major glycoproteins designated gA/gB, gC, gD and gE. Type-specific and cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies to the viral glycoproteins have been used to probe their antigenic determinants. Our studies show the following: (i) Type-specific monoclonal antibodies are suitable reagents for serotyping isolates. Discriminating monoclonal antibodies distinguish antigenic variants among the strains of each serotype. (ii) Glycoproteins gA and gB can not be distinguished from each other with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. gA and gB of HSV-2 made in HEp-2 cells contain type specific domains which are not detected in Vero cells. (iii) Electrophoretic mobilities of glycoproteins gA and gB made in HEp-2 cells are significantly less than those made in Vero cells. Lysates of infected Vero cells contain three lower molecular weight polypeptides that also react with monoclonal antibodies directed to gA and gB. (iv) Immunoadsorbant columns constructed from monoclonal antibodies to glycoproteins gC and gD are useful for purification of the glycoproteins from HSV-1 and HSV-2 infected cell extracts.
Pathways for solar photovoltaics (2015)

This perspective identifies future technological directions for solar photovoltaics and examines potential limits to terawatt-scale PV deployment.
Machine vision for digital microfluidics (2010)

Machine vision is widely used in an industrial environment today. It can perform various tasks, such as inspecting and controlling production processes, that may require humanlike intelligence. The importance of imaging technology for biological research or medical diagnosis is greater than ever. For example, fluorescent reporter imaging enables scientists to study the dynamics of gene networks with high spatial and temporal resolution. Such high-throughput imaging is increasingly demanding the use of machine vision for real-time analysis and control. Digital microfluidics is a relatively new technology with expectations of becoming a true lab-on-a-chip platform. Utilizing digital microfluidics, only small amounts of biological samples are required and the experimental procedures can be automatically controlled. There is a strong need for the development of a digital microfluidics system integrated with machine vision for innovative biological research today. In this paper, we show how machine vision can be applied to digital microfluidics by demonstrating two applications: machine vision-based measurement of the kinetics of biomolecular interactions and machine vision-based droplet motion control. It is expected that digital microfluidics-based machine vision system will add intelligence and automation to high-throughput biological imaging in the future.
Electron microscopic evidence for a mucin‐like region in chick muscle α‐dystroglycan (1995)

alpha-Dystroglycan has been isolated from chicken cardiac muscle and its molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 135 kDa. The avian protein interacts with murine Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor laminin via interaction with the C-terminal LG4 and LG5 domains (fragment E3) of the laminin alpha-chain. This laminin binding is calcium-dependent and can be competed by heparin. Electron microscopy investigation on the shape of alpha-dystroglycan suggests that the core protein consists of two roughly globular domains connected by a segment which most likely corresponds to a mucin-like central region also predicted by sequence analysis on mammalian isoforms. This segment may act as a spacer in the dystrophin-associated glycoproteins complex exposing the N-terminal domain of alpha-dystroglycan to laminin in the extracellular space.
Expression of leucine aminopeptidase 3 (LAP3) correlates with prognosis and malignant development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (2014)

Leucine aminopeptidases (LAPs) were associated with tumor cell proliferation, invasion and/or angiogenesis. LAP3 is one important member of this family. However, its clinical significance and biological function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that LAP3 expression was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues as well as cells and was closely correlated with lower differentiation, positive lymph node metastasis and high Ki-67 expression, indicating a poor prognosis. Then cell viability assays, flow cytometry assays, wound-healing assays and matrigel invasion assays were performed to demonstrate that LAP3 promoted HCC cells proliferation by regulating G1/S checkpoint in cell cycle and advanced HCC cells migration. Furthermore, we discovered that knockdown LAP3 will enhance the sensitivity of HCC cells to cisplatin, thus promoting the cell death of HCC cells. Collectively, our results indicated that up-regulated expression of LAP3 might contribute to the proliferation and metastasis of HCC. Our data gains greater insight into the cancer-promoting role of LAP3 and its functions in HCC cells, possibly providing potential therapeutic strategies for clinical trials.
Analysis of multiple restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the gene for the human complement receptor type I. Duplication of genomic sequences occurs in association with a high molecular mass receptor allotype. (1986)

Human CR1 exhibits an unusual form of polymorphism in which allotypic variants differ in the molecular weight of their respective polypeptide chains. To address mechanisms involved in the generation of the CR1 allotypes, DNA from individuals having the F allotype (250,000 Mr), the S allotype (290,000 Mr), and the F' allotype (210,000 Mr) was digested by restriction enzymes, and Southern blots were hybridized with CR1 cDNA and genomic probes. With the use of Bam HI and Sac I, an additional restriction fragment was observed in 20 of 21 individuals having the S allotype with no associated loss of other restriction fragments. Southern blot analysis with a noncoding genomic probe derived from the S allotype-specific Bam HI fragment showed hybridization to this fragment and to two other fragments that were also present in FF individuals. Thus, an intervening sequence may be repeated twice in the F allele and three times in the S allele. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) unique to two individuals expressing the F' allotype was seen with Eco RV, but the absence of persons homozygous for this rare allotype prevented further comparisons with the F and S allotypes. Analysis of the CR1 transcripts associated with the three CR1 allotypes indicated that these differed by 1.3-1.5 kb and had the same rank order as the corresponding allotypes. Taken together, these findings suggest that the S allele was generated from the F allele by the acquisition of additional sequences, the coding portion of which may correspond to a long homologous repeat of approximately 1.4 kb that has been identified in CR1 cDNA. We saw two other RFLPs with Hind III and Pvu II that were in linkage dysequilibrium with the Bam HI-Sac I RFLPs associated with the S allotype, and a third polymorphism was seen with Eco RI that was not in linkage dysequilibrium with the other polymorphisms. Thus, 10 commonly occurring CR1 alleles can be defined, making this locus a useful marker for the long arm of chromosome 1 to which the CR1 gene maps.