gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
생명보험회사의 예정이율 결정 방법에 관한 연구 (2004)

현행의 예정이율은 시장금리, 자산운용수익률, 가격경쟁력 등을 고려하여 회사가 자율적으로 결정하고 있다. 시장금리는 잘 알려진 대로 불안정시계열로서 이를 준거이율로 할 경우에 장기금리 예측의 어려움이 있다. 따라서 예정이율의 결정방법에 있어서 새로운 대체 안을 고려할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 시계열의 안정성 여부 분석을 통하여 생명보험회사 운용자산이익률 시계열의 평균값을 예정이율 결정시 주요변수로 반영할 경우 얻을 수 있게 되는 이점에 대하여 논의하고 있다. 예정이율은 생명보험회사의 투자수익률과 연관되어 있다. 생명보험회사 운용자산이익률의 시계열 추이는 급격한 구조적 변화가 있었던 2000년 4월 이후 안정적 시계열 형태임을 보이고 있고, 시계열의 변동성의 크기에 있어서도 기존의 시장금리에 비해 생명보험회사 운용자산 이익률의 변동성이 약 56% 수준으로서 현저히 낮은 값을 보여주고 있다. 즉, 이 기간 생명보험회사 운용자산이익률의 평균값은 향후 예정이율의 결정시 사용할 준거이율로서 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 보이고 있다고 할 수 있다.
Toxicity Caused by Hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Thioester Accumulation in Mutants of Acinetobacter sp. Strain ADP1 (2004)

Hydroxycinnamates, aromatic compounds that play diverse roles in plants, are dissimilated by enzymes encoded by the hca genes in the nutritionally versatile, naturally transformable bacterium Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1. A key step in the hca-encoded pathway is activation of the natural substrates caffeate, p-coumarate, and ferulate by an acyl:coenzyme A (acyl:CoA) ligase encoded by hcaC. As described in this paper, Acinetobacter cells with a knockout of the next enzyme in the pathway, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydratase/lyase (HcaA), are extremely sensitive to the presence of the three natural hydroxycinnamate substrates; Escherichia coli cells carrying a subclone with the hcaC gene are hydroxycinnamate sensitive as well. When the hcaA mutation was combined with a mutation in the repressor HcaR, exposure of the doubly mutated Acinetobacter cells to caffeate, p-coumarate, or ferulate at 10(-6) M totally inhibited the growth of cells. The toxicity of p-coumarate and ferulate to a DeltahcaA strain was found to be a bacteriostatic effect. Although not toxic to wild-type cells initially, the diphenolic caffeate was itself converted to a toxin over time in the absence of cells; the converted toxin was bactericidal. In an Acinetobacter strain blocked in hcaA, a secondary mutation in the ligase (HcaC) suppresses the toxic effect. Analysis of suppression due to the mutation of hcaC led to the development of a positive-selection strategy that targets mutations blocking HcaC. An hcaC mutation from one isolate was characterized and was found to result in the substitution of an amino acid that is conserved in a functionally characterized homolog of HcaC.
Generation and characterization of random and site-directed mutants of Shiga-like toxin 1A by Escherichia Coli O157:H7 in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (2009)

Food-borne illnesses are mainly associated with Shiga-like toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) produced by various serotypes of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). These serotypes are collectively known as STEC (Stx-producing E. coli). One of these serotypes E. coli O157:H7 has been the major cause of food-borne illnesses recently in US, Canada and Japan. The clinical manifestations of EHEC infections range from watery diarrhea, severe bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps and hemorrhagic colitis (HC), to the most severe outcome, life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) resulting in kidney failure.This study involved generation and characterization of random and site-directed mutants of Shiga-like toxin 1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutants were characterized for protein expression, ribosome depurination and loss of cytotoxicity. The results from this study are crucial to understand the mechanism by which Shiga-like toxins exhibit their cytotoxicity to the cells. The results from this study can aid in development of treaments against the diseases caused by Shiga-like toxin 1.
Effects of charge transfer interaction of graphene with electron donor and acceptor molecules examined using Raman spectroscopy and cognate techniques (2008)

The effects of the interaction of few-layer graphene with electron donor and acceptor molecules have been investigated by employing Raman spectroscopy, and the results compared with those from electrochemical doping. The G-band softens progressively with increasing concentration of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) which is an electron donor, while the band stiffens with increasing concentration of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) which is an electron acceptor. Interaction with both TTF and TCNE broadens the G-band. Hole and electron doping by electrochemical means, however, stiffen and sharpen the G-band. The 2D-band position is also affected by interaction with TTF and TCNE. More importantly, the intensity of the 2D-band decreases markedly with the concentration of either. The ratio of intensities of the 2D-band and G-band decreases with an increase in TTF or TCNE concentration, and provides a means for carrier titration in the charge transfer system. Unlike the intensity of the 2D-band, that of the D-band increases on interaction with TTF or TCNE. All of these effects occur due to molecular charge transfer, also evidenced by the occurrence of charge transfer bands in the electronic absorption spectra. The electrical resistivity of graphene varies in opposite directions on interaction with TTF and TCNE, the resistivity depending on the concentration of either compound.
Structural Image Restoration through Deformable Templates (1991)

Abstract Prior knowledge on the space of possible images is given in the form of a function or template in some domain. The set of all possible true images is assumed to be formed by a composition of that function with continuous mappings of the domain into itself. A prior Gaussian distribution is given on the set of continuous mappings. The observed image is assumed to be a degradation of the true image with additive noise. Given the observed image, a posterior distribution is then obtained and has the form of a nonlinear perturbation of the Gaussian measure on the space of mappings. We present simulations of the posterior distribution that lead to structural reconstructions of the true image in the sense that it enables us to determine landmarks and other characteristic features of the image, as well as to spot pathologies in it. Moreover, we show that the reconstruction algorithm is relatively robust when the images are degraded by noise that is not necessarily additive.
Compact phase-stable design for single- and double-quantum two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2009)

We report a compact, easy to align, and passively phase-stabilized setup for recording two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectra in three different phase-matching directions in the boxcar geometry. Passive phase stabilization is achieved by a diffractive optical element, the use of refractive optics for introducing pulse delays, and the use of common optics for all pulses. Representative 2D spectra correlating single- and double-quantum coherences in a molecular aggregate are presented.
Suppression of preneoplastic changes in the intestine of rats fed low levels of polyamines. (1997)

Administration for 7 days of an enteral diet that is naturally deficient in polyamines strikingly reduces the preneoplastic changes observed in the intestines of adult Wistar rats previously treated with the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. On the contrary, supplementing the enteral diet with spermidine favors preneoplastic development. The effects of the low-polyamine diet included a 40% decline in the putrescine content of the intestinal mucosa, a significant decrease in the turnover rate of the epithelial cells from the crypts to villus tip in the ileum, and a 2-fold reduction in the number of abnormal colonic crypts. The experimental data support the view that it might be of interest to control the dietary intake of polyamines in the clinical management of cancer patients.
On-line preconcentration methods for capillary electrophoresis (2000)

The limits of detection (LOD) for capillary electrophoresis (CE) are constrained by the dimensions of the capillary. For example, the small volume of the capillary limits the total volume of sample that can be injected into the capillary. In addition, the reduced pathlength hinders common optical detection methods such as UV detection. Many different techniques have been developed to improve the LOD for CE. In general these techniques are designed to compress analyte bands within the capillary, thereby increasing the volume of sample that can be injected without loss of CE efficiency. This on-line sample preconcentration, generally referred to as stacking, is based on either the manipulation of differences in the electrophoretic mobility of analytes at the boundary of two buffers with differing resistivities or the partitioning of analytes into a stationary or pseudostationary phase. This article will discuss a number of different techniques, including field-amplified sample stacking, large-volume sample stacking, pH-mediated sample stacking, on-column isotachophoresis, chromatographic preconcentration, sample stacking for micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and sweeping.
Adoptive transfer of T cells modified with a humanized chimeric receptor gene inhibits growth of Lewis-Y-expressing tumors in mice (2005)

In this study, human T cells were provided with a reactivity against the Lewis-Y (Le(Y)) carbohydrate antigen, which is overexpressed on 70% of epithelial-derived tumors, but not normally recognized by T cells. Antitumor reactivity was achieved by transduction of T cells with a gene encoding a cell-surface chimeric receptor composed of single-chain anti-Le(Y) antibody linked to an enhanced cytoplasmic signaling domain made up of CD28 and CD3-zeta. Importantly, the single-chain antibody was humanized to try to reduce potential problems of human anti-mouse antibody responses in patients receiving chimeric receptor-modified T cells in future clinical trials. T cells expressing the chimeric receptor were demonstrated to secrete cytokines and proliferate in response to receptor ligation and lysed Le(Y+) tumors in vitro. Another aspect of this study was the finding that no activity was observed against normal tissue, as represented by autologous neutrophils that express low levels of Le(Y). Significantly, systemic delivery of anti-Le(Y) T cells dramatically inhibited established s.c. human ovarian OVCAR-3 tumors (a recognized difficult model to treat) in mice. Finally, we demonstrated that anti-Le(Y) T cells preferentially expanded or accumulated in the tumor compared with control empty vector T cells, thereby providing mechanistic insight into the specific antitumor response. This study supports the use of humanized gene-modified T cells as a potential therapy for Le(Y+) malignancies.
Hydrolytic Degradation of Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-Polycaprolactone Worm Micelles (2005)

Spherical micelles and nanoparticles made with degradable polymers have been of great interest for therapeutic application, but degradation-induced changes in a spherical morphology can be subtle and mechanism/kinetics appears poorly understood. Here, we report the first preparation of giant and flexible worm micelles self-assembled from degradable copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polycaprolactone. Such worm micelles spontaneously shorten to generate spherical micelles, triggered by polycaprolactone hydrolysis, with distinct mechanism and kinetics from that which occurs in bulk material.
A controlled comparative study of the use of porcine xenograft in the treatment of partial thickness skin loss in an occupational health centre (1978)

Twenty-eight patients with partial thickness skin loss of the limbs, mainly due to burns, were treated on an out-patient basis in an occupational health centre. Thirteen patients were treated with porcine skin graft and the other 15 by the conventional method with paraffin gauze. The results showed that the median healing time was 13 days in the porcine skin graft group and 28 days in the control group. Other than healing time, the effects of porcine xenograft in reducing pain, infection and sickenss absence were far greater than those with conventional treatment. From a comparison of total dressing costs, it was estimated that for lesions of comparable size the cost of treatment with porcine xenograft was approximately one-third of that using paraffin gauze.
Infusional chemoradiation for operable rectal cancer: post-, pre-, or nonoperative management? (1997)

The use of adjuvant irradiation combined with systemic chemotherapy, or "chemoradiation," in the management of patients with operable rectal cancer has enabled more conservative surgery to be performed. Chemoradiation has been employed in both postoperative and preoperative settings, and also has been used as sole therapy in selected patients. Of the various schedules of postoperative chemoradiation evaluated to date, a protracted infusion of fluorouracil (5-FU) combined with irradiation appears to maximize control of both local and distant micrometastatic disease. Preoperative infusional chemoradiation is highly effective in patients with advanced rectal cancer. Data also suggest that it may be possible to treat selected patients with low-lying rectal cancers with radical chemoradiation alone, thus obviating the need for a permanent colostomy. Future studies of preoperative and nonoperative infusional chemoradiation are warranted.
In Vitro- and In Vivo-Induced Transgene Expression in Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Derivatives (2007)

The use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a research and therapeutic tool will be facilitated by conditional gene expression. Here, we report drug-induced transgene expression, both in vitro and in vivo, from a tet-on hESC line with >95% purity. Using green fluorescent protein as an indicator, we demonstrated that the tet-on system allowed a tight control of the gene expression in both undifferentiated hESCs and differentiated cells of the three germ layers. More importantly, after the cells were transplanted into animals, the gene expression remained to be regulated by an orally administered drug. These results provide a technical basis for regulation of gene expression in hESCs and derivatives in vitro and in vivo.
Selective Etching of SiGe on SiGe / Si Heterostructures (1991)

The chemical etchant composed of hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and acetic acid is studied as a selective etchant of over Si. It is found that the solution has a very high selectivity of etching over Si. Etch rates for various samples with differing mole fractions of are discussed as well as the stopping behavior of the solution on Si. Also discussed is the application of the solution to heterostructure devices, particularly the three terminal resonant tunneling transistor.
The effect of lamotrigine on naloxone-precipitated opiate withdrawal (1998)

We hypothesized that lamotrigine, a putative glutamate release antagonist, would attenuate glutamate-mediated signs of opiate withdrawal. Seven heroin-dependent subjects were hospitalized, stabilized on oral levorphanol 6 mg three times daily, and thrice underwent withdrawal precipitated by naloxone 0.4 mg intravenously. Lamotrigine (placebo, 250 mg, and 500 mg) was randomly given as a pretreatment 6 h before naloxone. Lamotrigine did not significantly attenuate any measure of opiate withdrawal. Lamotrigine was well-tolerated in subjects, although one did develop an allergic rash.
Enzyme linked protein-A: an ELISA for detection of amoebic antibody (1987)

Enzyme linked protein-A was used to develop an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for the detection of circulating antibodies to amoebic antigen. The specificity of protein-A to bind IgG only through Fc receptors, makes the test more specific for the detection of IgG antibodies to amoebic antigen. The ELISA system was used to detect amoebic antibody in control subjects (56), patients with amoebic liver abscess (79) and Entamoeba histolytica cyst-passers (10) and the results compared with those of indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA). The ELISA was more sensitive and detected 74.7% of cases with amoebic antibody in amoebic liver abscess compared with 66.7% detected by IHA. The test was more specific, sensitive and easy to perform and is recommended as a test of choice for the serological diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess.
Big Data In Health Care: Using Analytics To Identify And Manage High-Risk And High-Cost Patients (2014)

The US health care system is rapidly adopting electronic health records, which will dramatically increase the quantity of clinical data that are available electronically. Simultaneously, rapid progress has been made in clinical analytics--techniques for analyzing large quantities of data and gleaning new insights from that analysis--which is part of what is known as big data. As a result, there are unprecedented opportunities to use big data to reduce the costs of health care in the United States. We present six use cases--that is, key examples--where some of the clearest opportunities exist to reduce costs through the use of big data: high-cost patients, readmissions, triage, decompensation (when a patient's condition worsens), adverse events, and treatment optimization for diseases affecting multiple organ systems. We discuss the types of insights that are likely to emerge from clinical analytics, the types of data needed to obtain such insights, and the infrastructure--analytics, algorithms, registries, assessment scores, monitoring devices, and so forth--that organizations will need to perform the necessary analyses and to implement changes that will improve care while reducing costs. Our findings have policy implications for regulatory oversight, ways to address privacy concerns, and the support of research on analytics.
Evaluating gelatin based nanoparticles as a carrier system for double stranded oligonucleotides. (2005)

The results suggest that the proposed procedure allows a successful drug loading of double stranded oligonucleotides onto to the surface of accordingly modified gelatin nanoparticles.
Levetiracetam Efficacy in Epileptic Syndromes with Continuous Spikes and Waves during Slow Sleep: Experience in 12 Cases (2005)

This retrospective study suggests that levetiracetam has a positive effect on the EEG, the behavior, and the cognition of patients with epilepsy and CSWS. Additional studies are warranted in order to assess the place of this drug in these epileptic conditions.
INTERLEUKIN 12 IN COMBINATION WITH ANTMNTERLEUKIN 10 REVERSES GRAFT PROLONGATION AFTER PORTAL VENOUS IMMUNIZATION (1995)

Transplantation is published monthly and is the most cited and influential journal in the field, with more than 25,000 citations per year. The journal celebrated its 50th year in 2016. Transplantation has been the trusted source for extensive and timely coverage of the most important advances in transplantation. The Editors and Editorial Board are an international group of research and clinical leaders that includes many pioneers of the field, representing a diverse range of areas of expertise. This capable editorial team provides thoughtful and thorough peer review, and delivers rapid, careful and insightful editorial evaluation of all manuscripts submitted to the journal.
The ion channel activity of the influenza virus M2 protein affects transport through the Golgi apparatus. (1996)

High level expression of the M2 ion channel protein of influenza virus inhibits the rate of intracellular transport of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and that of other integral membrane glycoproteins. HA coexpressed with M2 is properly folded, is not associated with GRP78-BiP, and trimerizes with the same kinetics as when HA is expressed alone. Analysis of the rate of transport of HA from the ER to the cis and medial golgi compartments and the TGN indicated that transport through the Golgi apparatus is delayed. Uncleaved HA0 was not expressed at the cell surface, and accumulation HA at the plasma membrane was reduced to 75-80% of control cells. The delay in intracellular transport of HA on coexpression of M2 was not observed in the presence of the M2-specific ion channel blocker, amantadine, indicating that the Golgi transport delay is due to the M2 protein ion channel activity equilibrating pH between the Golgi lumen and the cytoplasm, and not due to saturation of the intracellular transport machinery. The Na+/H+ ionophore, monensin, which also equilibrates pH between the Golgi lumen and the cytoplasm, caused a similar inhibition of intracellular transport as M2 protein expression did for HA and other integral membrane glycoproteins. EM data showed a dilation of Golgi cisternae in cells expressing the M2 ion channel protein. Taken together, the data suggest a similarity of effects of M2 ion channel activity and monensin on intracellular transport through the Golgi apparatus.
Sequence and structural analysis of cellular retinoic acid‐binding proteins reveals a network of conserved hydrophobic interactions (2003)

Proteins in the intracellular lipid-binding protein (iLBP) family show remarkably high structural conservation despite their low-sequence identity. A multiple-sequence alignment using 52 sequences of iLBP family members revealed 15 fully conserved positions, with a disproportionately high number of these (n=7) located in the relatively small helical region. The conserved positions displayed high structural conservation based on comparisons of known iLBP crystal structures. It is striking that the beta-sheet domain had few conserved positions, despite its high structural conservation. This observation prompted us to analyze pair-wise interactions within the beta-sheet region to ask whether structural information was encoded in interacting amino acid pairs. We conducted this analysis on the iLBP family member, cellular retinoic acid-binding protein I (CRABP I), whose folding mechanism is under study in our laboratory. Indeed, an analysis based on a simple classification of hydrophobic and polar amino acids revealed a network of conserved interactions in CRABP I that cluster spatially, suggesting a possible nucleation site for folding. Significantly, a small number of residues participated in multiple conserved interactions, suggesting a key role for these sites in the structure and folding of CRABP I. The results presented here correlate well with available experimental evidence on folding of CRABPs and their family members and suggest future experiments. The analysis also shows the usefulness of considering pair-wise conservation based on a simple classification of amino acids, in analyzing sequences and structures to find common core regions among homologues.
Integration of a self-contained Compact Seed Source and trigger set for flux compression generators (2009)

Two integral components that accompany an FCG in an explosively driven system is the prime power source and the trigger set. The objective of the prime power source or seed source is to provide the initial seed current/energy into the primary stage of an FCG. Another integral component in an FCG based pulsed power system is the trigger set. The trigger set is used to detonate an exploding bridge wire (EBW) which triggers the high explosives (HE's) in an FCG. This paper will discuss a recent design of a stand-alone apparatus that implements a self-contained (battery powered with full charge time less than 40 sec), single-use Compact Seed Source (CSS) using solid state components for the switching scheme along with a single-use Compact Trigger Set (CTS) that also implements a similar switching technique. The CSS and CTS stand-alone apparatus developed is a system (0.005-m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> volume and weighing 3.9 kg) capable of delivering over 360-J (~12 kA) into a 5.20-¿H FCG load and approximately 2-mJ (~600 A) into the EBW. Both the CSS and CTS have trigger energies of micro-Joules at the TTL triggering level.