gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell lineages and oval cell progenitors in rat liver development. (1991)

We determined whether the formation of the hepatic primordium in the rat is associated with the expression of liver-specific markers. Further, we examined the origin of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts and tried to establish whether there are cell types in the developing liver that might correspond to "stem-like" cells ("oval cells") that proliferate during carcinogenesis and toxic injury in adult livers. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical methods, we show that alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA is detected in cells of the ventral foregut at 10.5 days of development and that the protein is first detected 1 day later. Thus, AFP transcription occurs before liver morphogenesis, and translation of the protein is first detected when liver cords are being formed, indicating that AFP expression in endodermal cells signals their commitment toward the liver lineage. Although albumin is considered a trait of differentiated hepatocytes, its mRNA was first detected just 1 day later than the AFP message. An analysis of the expression of lineage-specific cytokeratins (cytokeratins 7, 9, 18, and 19), surface markers, and histochemical determination of gamma-glutamyl transferase activity and glycogen revealed that (a) hepatoblasts undergo gradual maturation throughout liver development, (b) AFP- and albumin-containing hepatoblasts gave rise to intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, and (c) hepatoblasts forming primitive intrahepatic bile ducts during liver development have markers similar to those expressed by stem-like cells that proliferate during liver carcinogenesis.
Too intelligent for the job? The validity of upper limit cognitive test scores in selection (2003)

Employees must often evaluate large pools of applicants. Given the high costs associated with new hires that don't work out, employers may seek to narrow applicant pools. Since cognitive ability is an excellent predictor offuture job success, low limits on such tests have been used to eliminate applicants. Now upper-limit scores are also being used on the theory that over-qualified candidates may not be satisfactory. This practice survived a legal challenge in 1999, but managers should carefully consider the short- and long-term pros and cons before ruling out potentially over-qualified applicants.
Quantum Regime of a Two-Dimensional Phonon Cavity (2018)

We realize the quantum regime of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator by demonstrating vacuum Rabi mode splitting due to interaction with a superconducting artificial atom. Reaching the quantum regime is physically difficult and technologically challenging since SAW devices consist of large arrays of narrow metal strips. This work paves the way for realizing analogues of quantum optical phenomena with phonons and can be useful in on-chip quantum electronics.
Chaos in the Brain (2011)

We describe several links between EEG data processing and quantum mechanics. Then we show examples of exploitation of methods commonly used in quantum chaos for EEG data analysis.
Power flow control approach to power systems with embedded FACTS devices (2002)

This paper focuses on developing an approach to steady-state power flow control of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) device-equipped power systems. Based on a power-injection model of FACTS devices and an optimal power flow model, a novel versatile power flow control approach is formulated, which is capable of implementing power flow control incorporating any FACTS device flexibly. Different from existing FACTS device control approaches, the active and (or) reactive power injections are taken as independent control variables. Therefore, using this method, Jacobian matrix need not be changed, although various FACTS devices possess different physical models and different control parameters. Furthermore, it enables the integration of FACTS devices into the existing power system analysis and control programs efficiently. Physical limits of the FACTS devices are also considered in the model. Numerical results on a reduced practical system and a 1500-bus practical system with various FACTS devices are presented to illustrate the vigorousness of the proposed approach.
Overview of the Needs and Realities for Developing New and Improved Vaccines in the 21st Century (2002)

The science of present day vaccinology is based on the pioneering discoveries of the late 18th and late 19th centuries and the technologic breakthroughs of the past 60 years. The driving force for the development of new vaccines resides in technologic feasibility, public need and economic incentive for translating the basic knowledge into a product. Past efforts by government to define which particular vaccines to develop were mostly irrelevant to the realistic choices which were made. There is a vast array of viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal disease agents against which preventative vaccines may be developed, and to this may be added cancer and certain amyloidoses such as Alzheimer's and 'mad cow' diseases. The proven past for vaccines has relied on live, killed, protein and polysaccharide antigens plus the single example of recombinant-expressed hepatitis B vaccine. The validity of redirection of vaccinology to exploration of simplified vaccines such as recombinant vectored and DNA preparations and reductionist vaccines based on peptides of contrived epitope composition remains to be proved. Reductionism imposes vastly increased complexity and difficulty on vaccine development and might not be capable of achievement. The challenge in the 21st century will involve new and uncertain pathways toward worthwhile accomplishments.
Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cerebrovascular Disease (1998)

Cerebral ischemia and intracerebral hemorrhage cause extensive damage to neurons, disrupt the extracellular matrix, and increase capillary permeability. Multiple substrates participate in the cellular damage, including free radicals and proteases. Matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteases are two classes of proteases that are normally present in brain in latent forms, but once activated, contribute to the injury process. These enzymes have a unique role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and in the modulation of the capillary permeability. Intracerebral injection of the matrix metalloproteinase, type IV collagenase, attacks the basal lamina around the capillary and opens the blood-brain barrier. Extracellular matrix-degrading proteases are induced by immediate early genes and cytokines, and regulated by growth factors. Activity of the matrix metalloproteinases is tightly controlled by activation mechanisms and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. During ischemia and hemorrhage, multiple matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteases are produced along with their inhibitors. These proteolytic enzymes are involved in the delayed injury that accompanies the neuroinflammatory response. Synthetic inhibitors to metalloproteinases reduce proteolytic tissue damage, and may limit secondary neuroinflammation.
A novel human Vδ gene expressed predominantly in the TiγA fraction of γ/δ+ peripheral lymphocytes (1988)

We have characterized a functional T cell receptor (TcR) delta transcript in a Ti gamma A+ human cloned cell line derived from peripheral blood. This cDNA includes a novel V gene (V-AB12), whose expression was initially studied in a series of TcR gamma/delta+ clones. Nine Ti gamma A+ clones derived independently from distinct donors have been tested: each of them was found to possess a unique V-AB12/J-IDP2 5.5-kb Eco RI rearrangement, which was constantly transcribed. Surface expression of the protein encoded by this unique rearranged gene was demonstrated by immunoprecipitations performed on three Ti gamma A+ polyclonal cell lines using a specific rabbit heteroantiserum. Further analysis strongly suggested that a monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated anti-BB3, detects a V-AB12-encoded antigenic determinant on the cell surface. Double-color immunofluorescence analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from ten donors indicated that most BB3+ cells are recognized by anti-Ti gamma A mAb. In previous studies, we have shown that a majority of TcR gamma/delta+ peripheral T cells expresses a gamma chain including V9 (Ti gamma A) and most frequently JP-encoded peptides. Given the present results on the delta chain, it can be concluded that, in many individuals, a predominant fraction (V gamma 9+/V-AB12+) of circulating CD3+ TcR alpha/beta- T lymphocytes expresses a receptor with little, if any, combinatorial diversity.
2D1H and31P NMR Spectra and Distorted A-DNA-Like Duplex Structure of a Phosphorodithioate Oligonucleotide (1993)

Assignment of the 1H and 31P NMR spectra of a phosphorodithioate modified oligonucleotide decamer duplex, d(CGCTTpS2-AAGCG)2 (10-mer-S; a site of dithioate substitution is designated with the symbols pS2-), was achieved by two-dimensional homonuclear TOCSY, NOESY and 1H-31P Pure Absorption phase Constant time (PAC) heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy. In contrast to the parent palindromic decamer sequence (1) which has been shown to exist entirely in the duplex B-DNA conformation under comparable conditions (100 mM KCl), the dithiophosphate analogue forms a hairpin loop. However, the duplex form of the dithioate oligonucleotide can be stabilized at lower temperatures, higher salt and strand concentration. The solution structure of the decamer duplex was calculated by an iterative hybrid relaxation matrix method (MORASS) combined with 2D NOESY-distance restrained molecular dynamics. These backbone modified compounds, potentially attractive antisense oligonucleotide agents, are often assumed to possess similar structure as the parent nucleic acid complex. Importantly, the refined structure of the phosphorodithioate duplex shows a significant deviation from the parent unmodified, phosphoryl duplex. An overall bend and unwinding in the phosphorodithioate duplex is observed. The structural distortion of the phosphorodithioate duplex was confirmed by comparison of helicoidal parameters and groove dimensions. Especially, the helical twists of the phosphorodithioate decamer deviate significantly from the parent phosphoryl decamer. The minor groove width of phosphorodithioate duplex 10-mer-S varies between 8.4 and 13.3 A which is much wider than those of the parent phosphoryl decamer d(CGCTTAAGCG)2 (4.2 approximately 9.4 A). The larger minor groove width of 10-mer-S duplex contributes to the unwinding of the backbone and indicates that the duplex has an overall A-DNA-like conformation in the region surrounding the dithiophosphate modification.
Rapid Expression of Functional Genomic Libraries (2006)

Genomic-scale analysis of protein function is currently limited by the ability to rapidly express the enormous diversity of protein targets in their active form. We describe a method to construct transcriptionally active expression templates (ETs) in parallel using a single PCR step wherein the overlap-extension reaction for addition of transcription regulatory elements is separated from the amplification of the full-length product by using a GC-rich single primer. Over 90% of 55 diverse genomic targets were extended with T7 regulatory elements to form ETs in high yield and purity. The unpurified ETs directed protein expression using a cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system supplemented with cofactors and metal ions to activate a variety of enzymes. Higher activities were obtained in the modified CFPS reactions compared to standard reaction conditions. Protein purification was avoided because the expressed enzyme activity was significantly greater than the background activity associated with the cell extract. These improvements in the parallel synthesis of linear ETs combined with enhanced in vitro enzyme activation help to make CFPS systems more attractive platforms for high-throughput evaluation of protein function.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetic Profile of BIA 2‐093, a Novel Putative Antiepileptic, in a Rising Multiple‐Dose Study in Young Healthy Humans (2004)

This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to investigate rising oral doses of BIA 2-093 (S-(-)-10-acetoxy-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz/b,f/azepine-5-carboxamide), a putative new antiepileptic drug. Within each of 4 dosage groups of 8 healthy male adult subjects, 2 subjects were randomized to receive placebo, and the remaining 6 subjects were randomized to receive BIA 2-093 (200 mg bid, 400 mg qd, 800 mg qd, and 1200 mg qd) for 8 days. Concentrations of BIA 2-093 in plasma or urine were generally not measurable. Median maximum plasma concentrations of the major metabolite (licarbazepine, (+/-)-10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy-5H-dibenz/b,f/azepine-5-carboxamide) were attained (t(max)) at 2 to 3 h postdose; thereafter, plasma concentrations declined with a mean apparent terminal half-life of 9 to 13 h following repeated dosing. The extent of systemic exposure to licarbazepine increased in an approximately dose-proportional manner following single and repeated administration. Licarbazepine accumulated in plasma following repeated administration of BIA 2-093; the mean extent of accumulation (R(O), calculated from AUC(0-tau) (day 8)/AUC(0-tau) (day 1)) was 3.0 after repeated, twice-daily dosing and 1.4 to 1.7 after once-daily dosing. Steady-state plasma licarbazepine concentrations were attained at 4 to 5 days of once- or twice-daily dosing, consistent with an effective half-life on the order of 20 to 24 h. The mean renal clearance of licarbazepine from plasma was approximately 20 to 30 mL/min, which is low compared with the glomerular filtration rate. The total amount of licarbazepine recovered in urine was approximately 20% within 12 h postdose and 40% within 24 h postdose. All adverse events were mild in severity, except for 1 case of somnolence of moderate severity, which occurred in a subject receiving 1200 mg BIA 2-093. The incidence of adverse events was similar between all treatment groups, including placebo. There were no serious adverse events. In conclusion, BIA 2-093 was well tolerated and appeared to be rapidly and extensively metabolized to licarbazepine following single and repeated administration to healthy young subjects.
Chemistry of Aerogels and Their Applications (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Aerogels and Their ApplicationsAlain C. Pierre and Gérard M. PajonkView Author Information Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse, UPR 5401 du CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 2 avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, Laboratoire d'Application de la Chimie à l'Environnement, UMR 5634, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 11, 4243–4266Publication Date (Web):October 18, 2002Publication History Received26 November 2001Published online18 October 2002Published inissue 1 November 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0101306https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0101306research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views22309Altmetric-Citations1819LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aerogels,Materials,Oxides,Precursors,Silica Get e-Alerts
Intellectuals and the Disability Movement (1996)

This final chapter is completely new and is an attempt to make sense of my own experience in, and relationship to, the disability movement. It is neither a statement of what I think my position in this relationship is or should be but an attempt to open up the issue of the role of individuals in collective movements. In discussing this, I use the word intellectual not in the bourgeois sense of the term but to describe all individuals who think critically about their lives. Not all disabled people do of course: some think the only problem is non-disabled people; some think the problems they face are their own fault; some think disabled people should accept the hand-outs they are given and be grateful. What unites disabled people within the movement is that not only do we think our lives could be better, we know they should be. Intellectual work is but one path to achieving the social transformation necessary to make it so.
Cyclic hematopoiesis in dogs: studies of erythroid burst-forming cells confirm an early stem cell defect. (1988)

Studies of early erythropoiesis in dogs have been hampered by the lack of an efficient assay for canine erythroid burst-forming cells (BFU-E). We have developed a methyl-cellulose culture system for hematopoietic progenitors in dog marrow with a plating efficiency for BFU-E of 98 +/- 26 (SD) per 10(5) marrow mononuclear cells. We then applied this assay to the study of cyclic hematopoiesis in grey collie dogs, and regular fluctuations of colonies derived from erythroid colony-forming cells (CFU-E), BFU-E, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) were seen at 12- to 13-day intervals. Defining Cycle Day 1 as the first day that the granulocyte count falls below 1000/mm3, we found that the peak frequency of BFU-E (Cycle Day 10) always preceded the peak frequency of CFU-E (Cycle Day 12), which preceded that of the reticulocyte count (Cycle Day 3). The peak frequency of CFU-GM (Cycle Days 9-2) and neutrophil-containing colonies in agar culture (Cycle Days 1-2) preceded the peak of granulocytes (Cycle Day 6). The percentage of the various progenitors in the DNA synthetic phase of the cell cycle was similar in grey collies and normal dogs and showed no cyclic fluctuations. These data indicate that cyclic hematopoiesis results from a defect in a hematopoietic stem cell more primitive than BFU-E and CFU-GM. Cycling appears to be due to the commitment of this primitive cell to differentiation only at discrete intervals. The cell cycle kinetics and differentiation of subsequent cells appear normal.
A heat-inactivated H7N3 vaccine induces cross-reactive cellular immunity in HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice (2016)

A single immunization with non-replicating influenza virus vaccines may be able to elicit or recall cross-reactive CD8+ T cell responses to conserved immunodominant epitopes and, to some extent, counteract an infection by heterologous virus.
Randomised controlled trial comparing single agent paclitaxel vs epidoxorubicin plus paclitaxel in patients with advanced ovarian cancer in early progression after platinum-based chemotherapy: an Italian Collaborative Study from the ‘Mario Negri’ Institute, Milan, G.O.N.O. (Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest) group and I.O.R. (Istituto Oncologico Romagnolo) group (2004)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of epidoxorubicin plus paclitaxel combination (ET) vs single agent paclitaxel (T), as second-line chemotherapy treatment in advanced ovarian cancer patients in early progression within 12 months after platinum-based chemotherapy. From October 1994 up to June 1999, 234 patients from 34 Italian hospitals were randomised to receive: (A) epidoxorubicin (E) 80 mg m(-2) + paclitaxel (T) 175 mg m(-2) (3 h infusion), every 21 days for 4-6 cycles. (B) Paclitaxel 175 mg m(-2) (3 h infusion) every 21 days for 4-6 cycles. Evaluable for survival analysis were 106 and 106 patients in ET and T arm, respectively. Platinum-based monochemotherapy was the first-line treatment in 43% patients, while polichemotherapy containing anthracyclines was the preferred first-line therapy in 22% patients. The median time from the end of first-line therapy to randomisation was 3 months. Treatment was completed in 87 and 85% of T and ET arm, respectively. Haematological toxicity was significantly more common in ET group (ECOG grade 3-4 neutropenia: 37.4% in ET vs 18.2% in T arm). Neuropathies were similar in both arms (sensory: ECOG grade 2-3: 12.1% in ET vs 14.7% in T arm, motor: 6.1% in ET vs 5.3% in T arm). Objective response was achieved in 37.4% of patients in ET group and in 46.9% of patients in T arm. At a median follow-up of time of 48 months, a total of 180 patients progressed and 163 patients died. Survival analysis showed no difference between ET and T (median time to progression: 6 months for both regimens, median survival: 12 and 14 months for ET and T, respectively; hazard ratio for mortality of ET vs T: 1.17 (95% CI 0.86-1.59; P=0.33). The ET regimen does not seem to be more effective than T in refractory advanced ovarian cancer patients in early progression after platinum-based chemotherapy. Despite an acceptable response rate, the control of disease progression remains poor.
Product compositions and kinetics in the rapid pyrolysis of milled wood lignin (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProduct compositions and kinetics in the rapid pyrolysis of milled wood ligninTheodore R. Nunn, Jack B. Howard, John P. Longwell, and William A. PetersCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1985, 24, 3, 844–852Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200030a054https://doi.org/10.1021/i200030a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1105Altmetric-Citations151LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts