gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prolonged association of temperature-sensitive mutants of human P-glycoprotein with calnexin during biogenesis. (1994)

Mutation of amino acids located within or immediately NH2-terminal to transmembrane segment 7 of human P-glycoprotein abolished the ability of the protein to confer resistance to cytotoxic drugs. Each of these mutant P-glycoproteins had an apparent mass of 150 kDa, compared with 170 kDa for wild-type P-glycoprotein, and the apparent mass was altered by endoglycosidase H digestion. These observations suggest that these mutant proteins were processed improperly, so that they were located in the endoplasmic reticulum and were not targeted correctly to the plasma membrane. Processing of the 150-kDa P-glycoprotein to the 170-kDa mature form of the enzyme for all of the mutants, except Glu707-->Ala and Tyr710-->Ala, was dramatically increased when the cells were grown at 26 degrees C. At the lower growth temperature, the mature protein was targeted to the plasma membrane, and drug efflux activity was restored. We also analyzed the mutants for possible molecular interactions that may contribute to their intracellular retention. We found that core-glycosylated forms of the wild-type and mutant P-glycoproteins were associated with the molecular chaperone calnexin. Only wild-type enzyme, however, was able to escape association with calnexin and be targeted to the plasma membrane. Prolonged association of the mutants with calnexin may be due to misfolding of the protein as evidenced by their relative short half-life of about 3 h, compared with 50 h for the wild-type enzyme. These results suggest that calnexin contributes to a quality control mechanism to retain misfolded forms of P-glycoprotein in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Anti-inflammatory effect of parenteral fish oil lipid emulsion on human activated mononuclear leukocytes. (2009)

FO LE inhibited lymphocyte proliferation and had an anti-inflammatory effect. These effects seem to be enhanced when FO is mixed with MCT/SO. SMOF had a neutral impact on lymphocyte proliferation and IL-6 and IL-10 production.
Directional Electromagnetic Couplers (1954)

The natural coupling between parallel transmission lines is inherently directional. Very simple and cheap directional couplers can be made which utilize this effect. By introducing appropriate variation of coupling with distance a wide variety of transmission characteristics may be realized, including high-pass (ideally, infinite bandwidth) characteristics. The coupled lines may be of equal or different impedance. Thus, a simple configuration of four wires (or two wires and ground) can serve simultaneously as a directional coupler, filter, and transformer.
Writers in prison (2006)

How free are we? There's a sentimental view that 'stone walls do not a prison make, nor iron bars a cage'.
Near-Optimal Algorithms for Controlling Propagation at Group Scale on Networks (2016)

Given a network with groups, such as a contact-network grouped by ages, which are the best groups to immunize to control the epidemic? Equivalently, how to choose best communities in social media like Facebook to stop rumors from spreading? Immunization is an important problem in multiple different domains like epidemiology, public health, cyber security, and social media. Additionally, clearly immunization at group scale (like schools and communities) is more realistic due to constraints in implementations and compliance (e.g., it is hard to ensure specific individuals take the adequate vaccine). Hence, efficient algorithms for such a “group-based” problem can help public-health experts take more practical decisions. However, most prior work has looked into individual-scale immunization. In this paper, we study the problem of controlling propagation at group scale. We formulate a set of novel Group Immunization problems for multiple natural settings (for both threshold and cascade-based contagion models under both node-level and edge-level interventions) and develop multiple efficient algorithms, including provably approximate solutions. Finally, we show the effectiveness of our methods via extensive experiments on real and synthetic datasets.
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography for the Analysis of Medicinal Plants (2007)

Unlike other books on Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), this book focuses on the TLC analysis of herbal products. This text covers the fundamental concepts and practical aspects of TLC techniques, detailing parameters and strategies for selection and organization, as well as examples of successful tests, common mistakes, limitations and more. The authors discuss typical applications in herbal analysis and guide you through each step of the interpretation process. With an additional schematic for integrating TLC testing into a lab and appendices containing a glossary, resources, standards, and solvents, this book is an exceptional reference text for your clinical library.
Migration of human dendritic cells after injection in patients with metastatic malignancies. (1999)

Present clinical studies of active immunotherapy for malignancies using dendritic cells (DCs) require elucidation of the sites where DCs localize after injection. We evaluated the pattern of distribution of in vitro-generated, antigen-loaded, human DCs labeled with indium-111 oxyquinoline after i.v., s.c., and intradermal injection. Whereas the DCs injected i.v. localized in the lungs and then redistributed to the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, they were not detected in lymph nodes or tumors. A small percentage of DCs injected intradermally migrated rapidly to the regional lymphatics in some individuals. No lymph node activity was detected after s.c. injection. Our results demonstrate that DC distribution to sites of lymphoid tissue is dramatically affected by the mode of administration.
Genotype‐Phenotype Based Surgical Concept of Hereditary Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (2007)

These genotype-phenotype correlations provide a solid foundation on which to base surgical concepts, leaving little room for randomized controlled clinical trials.
A MUTANT OF YEAST APPARENTLY DEFECTIVE IN THE INITIATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (1969)

A temperature-sensitive mutant of yeast, ts(-)187, which is apparently unable to initiate the synthesis of new polypeptide chains after a short incubation at the restrictive temperature, is described. The existence of this mutant demonstrates that in eucaryotic cells, as in procaryotic cells, there are processes unique to the initiation of polypeptide chains.
Security through obscurity: An approach for protecting Register Transfer Level hardware IP (2009)

Modern system-on-chip (SoC) designs rely heavily on reusable, verified and bug-free hardware intellectual property (IP) cores. Recent trends of IP piracy and reverse-engineering are causing major revenue loss to the IP vendors. A large majority of hardware IPs comes in register transfer level (RTL) description due to their portability and flexibility to map to any technology platform. In this paper, we propose a key-based security through obscurity approach for protecting RTL hardware IPs. The RTL design is first transformed into a technology-independent gate-level description and the functionality of the resulting gate-level netlist is then changed through modification of its state transition function. This process allows normal operation only on the successful application of a correct initialization sequence. The modified gate-level design is then decompiled to generate an obfuscated version of the RTL. Major RTL constructs and macros are optionally preserved through the transformation process using a forward annotation file. The proposed methodology differs from existing hardware obfuscation as well as watermarking techniques in its ability to achieve simultaneous functional and semantic obfuscation for RTL description of IP at low design overhead. Simulation results for a set of open-source IP cores show that we can achieve high levels of security through a well-formulated obfuscation scheme incurring nominal area, delay and power overhead.
A Compositional Framework for Grounding Language Inference, Generation, and Acquisition in Video (2015)

We present an approach to simultaneously reasoning about a video clip and an entire natural-language sentence. The compositional nature of language is exploited to construct models which represent the meanings of entire sentences composed out of the meanings of the words in those sentences mediated by a grammar that encodes the predicate-argument relations. We demonstrate that these models faithfully represent the meanings of sentences and are sensitive to how the roles played by participants (nouns), their characteristics (adjectives), the actions performed (verbs), the manner of such actions (adverbs), and changing spatial relations between participants (prepositions) affect the meaning of a sentence and how it is grounded in video. We exploit this methodology in three ways. In the first, a video clip along with a sentence are taken as input and the participants in the event described by the sentence are highlighted, even when the clip depicts multiple similar simultaneous events. In the second, a video clip is taken as input without a sentence and a sentence is generated that describes an event in that clip. In the third, a corpus of video clips is paired with sentences which describe some of the events in those clips and the meanings of the words in those sentences are learned. We learn these meanings without needing to specify which attribute of the video clips each word in a given sentence refers to. The learned meaning representations are shown to be intelligible to humans.
Isolation, Characterization, and Stability of Discretely-Sized Nanolipoprotein Particles Assembled with Apolipophorin-III (2010)

ApoLp-III-based NLPs can be readily prepared, purified, characterized, and stabilized, suggesting their utility for biotechnological applications.
Incentives for sharing in peer-to-peer networks (2001)

We consider the free-rider problem that arises in peer-to-peer file sharing networks such as Napster: the problem that individual users are provided with no incentive for adding value to the network. We examine the design implications of the assumption that users will selfishly act to maximize their own rewards, by constructing a formal game theoretic model of the system and analyzing equilibria of user strategies under several novel payment mechanisms. We support and extend upon our theoretical predictions with experimental results from a multi-agent reinforcement learning model.
Evaluation of a 27-gene inherited cancer panel across 630 consecutive patients referred for testing in a clinical diagnostic laboratory (2018)

These results provide the actual percentage of family or personal history of cancer that can be attributed to pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in one or more of the genes on our panel and corroborate the utility of multi-gene panels over sequential testing to identify individuals with an inherited predisposition to cancer.
The intestinal stem cell markers Bmi1 and Lgr5 identify two functionally distinct populations (2011)

The small intestine epithelium undergoes rapid and continuous regeneration supported by crypt intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Bmi1 and Lgr5 have been independently identified to mark long-lived multipotent ISCs by lineage tracing in mice; however, the functional distinctions between these two populations remain undefined. Here, we demonstrate that Bmi1 and Lgr5 mark two functionally distinct ISCs in vivo. Lgr5 marks mitotically active ISCs that exhibit exquisite sensitivity to canonical Wnt modulation, contribute robustly to homeostatic regeneration, and are quantitatively ablated by irradiation. In contrast, Bmi1 marks quiescent ISCs that are insensitive to Wnt perturbations, contribute weakly to homeostatic regeneration, and are resistant to high-dose radiation injury. After irradiation, however, the normally quiescent Bmi1(+) ISCs dramatically proliferate to clonally repopulate multiple contiguous crypts and villi. Clonogenic culture of isolated single Bmi1(+) ISCs yields long-lived self-renewing spheroids of intestinal epithelium that produce Lgr5-expressing cells, thereby establishing a lineage relationship between these two populations in vitro. Taken together, these data provide direct evidence that Bmi1 marks quiescent, injury-inducible reserve ISCs that exhibit striking functional distinctions from Lgr5(+) ISCs and support a model whereby distinct ISC populations facilitate homeostatic vs. injury-induced regeneration.
The Use of Peptide-Major-Histocompatibility-Complex Multimers in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2012)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II molecules present short peptides that are derived from endogenous and exogenous proteins, respectively, to cognate T-cell receptors (TCRs) on the surface of T cells. The exquisite specificity with which T cells recognize particular peptide-major-histocompatibility-complex (pMHC) combinations has permitted development of soluble pMHC multimers that bind exclusively to selected T-cell populations. Because the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is driven largely by islet-reactive T-cell activity that causes β-cell death, these reagents are useful tools for studying and, potentially, for treating this disease. When coupled to fluorophores or paramagnetic nanoparticles, pMHC multimers have been used to visualize the expansion and islet invasion of T-cell effectors during diabetogenesis. Administration of pMHC multimers to mice has been shown to modulate T-cell responses by signaling through the TCR or by delivering a toxic moiety that deletes the targeted T cell. In the nonobese diabetic mouse model of T1DM, a pMHC-I tetramer coupled to a potent ribosome-inactivating toxin caused long-term elimination of a specific diabetogenic cluster of differentiation 8+ T-cell population from the pancreatic islets and delayed the onset of diabetes. This review will provide an overview of the development and use of pMHC multimers, particularly in T1DM, and describe the therapeutic promise these reagents have as an antigen-specific means of ameliorating deleterious T-cell responses in this autoimmune disease.
CHANGES IN CELL SURFACE GLYCOSYLATION IN ??1,3-GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE KNOCKOUT AND ??1,2-FUCOSYLTRANSFERASE TRANSGENIC MICE (1997)

Lectins were able to bind underlying carbohydrate structures (sialylated Tn and Forssman antigens) that are normally cryptic antigens on H-transferase transgenic mouse spleen and cardiac endothelial cells, probably as a consequence of the reduction in the electronegativity of the cell surface due to reduced sialylation. As humans have preformed anti-Tn and anti-Forssman antibodies, it is possible that these structures may become targets of the xenograft rejection process, including hyperacute rejection.
Expression of anion exchanger 2 in human gastric cancer. (2008)

The data suggest that AE2 might be associated with gastric carcinogenesis and the achlorhydria experienced by gastric cancer patients.
In vitro Translation of Messenger RNA from the House Dust Mite <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> (1987)

RNA was extracted from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and a polyadenylated [poly(A)+] and non-polyadenylated [poly(A)-] mRNA isolated by oligothymidylic acid-cellulose chromatography. Both preparations were translated in vitro using a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte system. The relative incorporation of 35S-methionine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable translation products obtained using poly(A)+ and poly(A)- mRNA was 21- and 1.3-fold, respectively, when compared with control translations performed without added mRNA. Sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the translation products in combination with autoradiography showed that many proteins with apparent molecular weights in the range 14,000- greater than 67,000 daltons were synthesized. Immunoprecipitation studies performed using a sheep anti-whole mite antiserum showed that several of the synthesized proteins corresponded with mite antigens. These findings were confirmed by coprecipitation studies using crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). A comparison of the CIE data with those obtained with crossed radio-immunoelectrophoresis showed that 6 of the 9 allergens previously described in our laboratory were synthesized, namely Der p I, Dpt 1, 3, 4, 8 and 17. The allergenicity of the lysates was also confirmed by immunoprecipitation studies using a specific anti-human IgE reagent.
Self-Aggregation of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate within (Choline Chloride + Urea) Deep Eutectic Solvent (2014)

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have shown tremendous promise as green solvents with low toxicity and cost. Understanding molecular aggregation processes within DESs will not only enhance the application potential of these solvents but also help alleviate some of the limitations associated with them. Among DESs, those comprising choline chloride and appropriate hydrogen-bond donors are inexpensive and easy to prepare. On the basis of fluorescence probe, electrical conductivity, and surface tension experiments, we present the first clear lines of evidence for self-aggregation of an anionic surfactant within a DES containing a small fraction of water. Namely, well-defined assemblies of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) apparently form in the archetype DES Reline comprising a 1:2 molar mixture of choline chloride and urea. Significant enhancement in the solubility of organic solvents that are otherwise not miscible in choline chloride-based DESs is achieved within Reline in the presence of SDS. The remarkably improved solubility of cyclohexane within SDS-added Reline is attributed to the presence of spontaneously formed cyclohexane-in-Reline microemulsions by SDS under ambient conditions. Surface tension, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), density, and dynamic viscosity measurements along with responses from the fluorescence dipolarity and microfluidity probes of pyrene and 1,3-bis(1-pyrenyl)propane are employed to characterize these aggregates. Such water-free oil-in-DES microemulsions are appropriately sized to be considered as a new type of nanoreactor.
Co-encapsulation of probiotics with prebiotics on alginate matrix and its effect on viability in simulated gastric environment (2014)

Two potential probiotic strains namely Staphylococcus succinus (MAbB4) and Enterococcus fecium (FIdM3) selected from previous probiotic property studies were co-encapsulated with complementary prebiotics. Two different prebiotics selected by in vitro fermentation viz. sugarbeet and chicory were separately encapsulated with both the strains in 2 g/100 mL alginate and were tested for the efficiency in improving the viability compared to free cells under in vitro acidic conditions. Results indicated significant improvement (P < 0.05) in survival of co-encapsulated cells when exposed to acidic (pH 2.0–3.0) and bile (0.3, 0.6 and 0.8 g/100 mL) conditions. The encapsulated cells showed about 98.75–88.75% of survivability in simulated gastric environment. Viability was maintained throughout the storage period and ranges from 8.1 log cfu/mL (Colony Forming Unit) to 7.9 log cfu/mL for about a period of 30 days at 4 °C. Interestingly it is the first work to use oligosaccharides rich carbohydrate source as such in encapsulation and was found to have an improved survival rate of probiotic strains along with alginate.
Channel crossing: how are proteins shipped across the bacterial plasma membrane? (2015)

The structure of the first protein-conducting channel was determined more than a decade ago. Today, we are still puzzled by the outstanding problem of protein translocation--the dynamic mechanism underlying the consignment of proteins across and into membranes. This review is an attempt to summarize and understand the energy transducing capabilities of protein-translocating machines, with emphasis on bacterial systems: how polypeptides make headway against the lipid bilayer and how the process is coupled to the free energy associated with ATP hydrolysis and the transmembrane protein motive force. In order to explore how cargo is driven across the membrane, the known structures of the protein-translocation machines are set out against the background of the historic literature, and in the light of experiments conducted in their wake. The paper will focus on the bacterial general secretory (Sec) pathway (SecY-complex), and its eukaryotic counterpart (Sec61-complex), which ferry proteins across the membrane in an unfolded state, as well as the unrelated Tat system that assembles bespoke channels for the export of folded proteins.
Randomized, controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in central pain in multiple sclerosis (2005)

Cannabis-based medicine is effective in reducing pain and sleep disturbance in patients with multiple sclerosis related central neuropathic pain and is mostly well tolerated.
Dynamic element matching for high-accuracy monolithic D/A converters (1976)

A 12-bit monolithic D/A network with internal reference sources as a test circuit will be described. Circuit requires no trimming and is insensitive to element aging.
Urinary biotin analogs increase in humans during chronic supplementation: the analogs are biotin metabolites (1997)

In human subjects, the metabolic origins of bisnorbiotin and biotin sulfoxide were determined by measuring the urinary excretion of each after chronic administration of large oral doses of biotin. For 2 wk, 14 adult volunteers consumed 1,200 micrograms of biotin per day, an amount approximately 20 times the daily dietary intake. With the use of a high-performance liquid chromatography/avidin-binding assay in untimed urine samples obtained before the first dose of biotin and after the 14th dose, concentrations of biotin, bisnorbiotin, and biotin sulfoxide were measured. Excretion was expressed as concentration ratios to urinary creatinine. Bisnorbiotin and biotin sulfoxide excretion increased 85-fold (P < 0.0001) and 114-fold (P < 0.0001), respectively. The molar percentages of bisnorbiotin and biotin sulfoxide decreased from 28 to 14% (P = 0.006) and from 9 to 5% (P = 0.017), respectively. These data provide evidence that the bisnorbiotin and biotin sulfoxide found in human urine are biotin metabolites. Furthermore, we infer that chronic consumption of large amounts of biotin does not substantially saturate the human biotin pathways of biotransformation.
Insertion, Conductivity, and Structures of Conjugated Organic Oligomers in Self-Assembled Alkanethiol Monolayers on Au{111} (1998)

Alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers on Au{111} are used for the two-dimensional matrix isolation of conjugated organic thiolates, studied for their potential to act as molecular wires. The conjugated organic molecules are inserted from dilute solution into boundaries between structural domains and at substrate step edges of preassembled n-alkanethiolate monolayers so as to preserve the order of the initial alkanethiolate lattice. In contrast, when both molecules are codeposited from a single solution, the structure of the assembled monolayer shows no ordered molecular lattice of the alkanethiol component. Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements on the isolated conjugated component molecules show them to have enhanced conductivity compared to neighboring alkanethiolates.