gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Ascorbic Acid as Reducing Agent for Synthesis of Well-Defined Polymers by ARGET ATRP (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTUse of Ascorbic Acid as Reducing Agent for Synthesis of Well-Defined Polymers by ARGET ATRPKe Min, Haifeng Gao, and Krzysztof MatyjaszewskiView Author Information Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Cite this: Macromolecules 2007, 40, 6, 1789–1791Publication Date (Web):February 22, 2007Publication History Received24 January 2007Revised7 February 2007Published online22 February 2007Published inissue 1 March 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma0702041https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0702041rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10118Altmetric-Citations344LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Nutrition,Organic compounds,Polymerization,Polymers,Radical polymerization Get e-Alerts
White emission from a single-component single-layer solution processed OLED (2009)

We report white electroluminescence from a single component-single layer solution processed organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, we have fabricated and characterized OLEDs based on a single polymer synthesized by incorporating a small amount of the orange-light emitting chromophore 1,8-Naphtalimide derivative as side chain to poly(fluorene-alt-phenylene) (PFP). The structure of the devices is ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Active layer/Al. The dopant unit was convalenttly attached to the side chain of polyfluorene by alkyl spacers. We have fabricated devices with different amounts of the orange chromophore (0, 0.0005, 0.005, 0.02 and 0.08 in weight) as well as a device based on a physical blend in the same proportion of 0.08 for comparison purposes. Absorption and Photoluminescence (PL) studies in thin films show no significant interaction can be observed between both moieties in the ground state, but after photoexcitation an efficient energy transfer takes place from PFP to the orange chromophore. We have observed a more efficient energy transfer in these compounds than for physical mixtures of the two chromophores due to a phase separation effect in the blend confirmed by the optical measurements and ESEM analysis, obtaining energy transfer even in diluted solutions from the intramolecular interaction in the copolymers. With this very simple device structure, white light with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordenates (0.34;0.43) is obtained for the electroluminescence (EL) emission and turn on voltage of 6 V for the device based on the copolymer with x = 0.02, together with a good match in the EL and PL spectra indicative that two emissions are produced by the same species, making this material very suitable for large area solution processed devices in solid state illumination.
Lactate in Solid Malignant Tumors: Potential Basis of a Metabolic Classification in Clinical Oncology (2004)

A number of studies have demonstrated that malignant transformation is associated with an increase in glycolytic flux and in anaerobic and aerobic cellular lactate excretion. Using quantitative bioluminescence imaging in various primary carcinomas in patients (uterine cervix, head and neck, colorectal region) at first diagnosis of the disease, we showed that lactate concentrations in tumors in vivo could be relatively low or extremely high (up to 40 micromol/g) in different individual tumors or within the same lesion. In all tumor entities investigated, high molar concentrations of lactate were correlated with a high incidence of distant metastasis already in an early stage of the disease. Low lactate tumors (< median of approx. 8 micromol/g) were associated with both a longer overall and disease free survival compared to high lactate lesions (lactate > approx. 8 micromol/g). Lactate dehydrogenase was found to be upregulated in most of these tumors compared to surrounding normal tissue. Numerous recent reports support these data by demonstrating various biological activities of lactate that can enhance the malignant behavior of cancer cells. These mechanisms include the activation of hyaluronan synthesis by tumor-associated fibroblasts, upregulation of VEGF and of HIF-1 alpha, and direct enhancement of cellular motility which generates favorable conditions for metastatic spread. Thus, lactate accumulation not only mirrors but also actively enhances the degree of tumor malignancy. We propose that determination of lactate in primary tumors may serve as a basis for a novel metabolic classification which can lead to an improvement of prognosis and therapy in clinical oncology.
The Components of Cacalia tangutica. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Advances in cellular, subcellular, and nanoscale imaging in vitro and in vivo (2010)

This review focuses on technical advances in fluorescence microscopy techniques including laser scanning techniques, fluorescence-resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), stimulated emission depletion (STED)-based super-resolution microscopy, scanning confocal endomicroscopes, thin-sheet laser imaging microscopy (TSLIM), and tomographic techniques such as early photon tomography (EPT) as well as on clinical laser-based endoscopic and microscopic techniques. We will also discuss the new developments in the field of fluorescent dyes and fluorescent genetic reporters that enable new possibilities in high-resolution and molecular imaging both in in vitro and in vivo. Small animal and tissue imaging benefit from the development of new fluorescent proteins, dyes, and sensing constructs that operate in the far red and near-infrared spectrum.
Involved and uninvolved skin from psoriatic subjects: are they equally diseased? Assessment by skin transplanted to congenitally athymic (nude) mice. (1981)

A C T A highly significant, but unanswered, question in the pathogenesis of psoriasis relates to how normal appeanng and diseased skin can coexist, un- dergo spontaneous flares and remissions, and yet appear to be genetically acquired. A plausible explanation for these disparate observations is that there is a basic defect in epidermal proliferation of skin of subjects with psoriasis and that disease expression is governed by other host factors. To address this question, we com- pared epidermal proliferation of skin involved and un- involved with psoriasis with normal skin before and after transplantation to congenitally athymic (nude) mice, a biologic milieu free of humoral factors unique to the donor host.
In vitro evaluation of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides targeted to the E2 mRNA of papillomavirus: potential treatment for genital warts (1993)

Papillomaviruses induce benign proliferative lesions, such as genital warts, in humans. The E2 gene product is thought to play a major role in the regulation of viral transcription and DNA replication and may represent a rational target for an antisense oligonucleotide drug action. Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides complementary to E2 mRNAs were synthesized and tested in a series of in vitro bovine papillomavirus (BPV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) models for the ability to inhibit E2 transactivation and virus-induced focus formation. The most active BPV-specific compounds were complementary to the mRNA cap region (ISIS 1751), the translation initiation region for the full-length E2 transactivator (ISIS 1753), and the translation initiation region for the E2 transrepressor mRNA (ISIS 1755). ISIS 1751 and ISIS 1753 were found to reduce E2-dependent transactivation and viral focus formation in a sequence-specific and concentration-dependent manner. ISIS 1755 increased E2 transactivation in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on focus formation. Oligonucleotides with a chain length of 20 residues had optimal activity in the E2 transactivation assay. On the basis of the above observations, ISIS 2105, a 20-residue phosphorothioate oligonucleotide targeted to the translation initiation of both HPV type 6 (HPV-6) and HPV-11 E2 mRNA, was designed and shown to inhibit E2-dependent transactivation by HPV-11 E2 expressed from a surrogate promoter. These observations support the rationale of E2 as a target for antiviral therapy against papillomavirus infections and specifically identify ISIS 2105 as a candidate antisense oligonucleotide for the treatment of genital warts induced by HPV-6 and HPV-11.
Diffusion MRI: Theory, methods, and applications (2011)

Since its initial development in the mid-1980's, and wide accessibility to perform diffusion MRI on all MRI scanners, the use of diffusion MRI has exploded. Nearly every MRI centre carries out diffusion MRI of some kind. Obtaining good quality diffusion MRI and making sound and robust inferences from the data is not trivial, however, and involves a long chain of events from ensuring that the hardware is performing optimally, the pulse sequence is carefully designed, the acquisition is optimal, the data quality is maximized while artifacts are minimized, the appropriate post-processing is used, and, where appropriate, the appropriate statistical testing is used, and the data are interpreted correctly. Professor Derek Jones, a world authority on diffusion MRI, has assembled most of the world's leading scientists and clinicians developing and applying diffusion MRI to produce an authorship list that reads like a Who's Who of the field and a definitive, didactic and essential reference volume for those working with diffusion MRI. Renowned for the clarity of his presentations, Prof Jones has worked closely with each author to ensure that the material is presented in the best possible and accessible manner. The book is aimed at those wishing to really understand where the diffusion signal comes from, and obtain a thorough grounding in the theory, methods and applications of diffusion MRI. The aim here is not to 'skim the surface' - but to dig deep into each topic - so that a thorough grounding is obtained. In assembling these topics (many of which have never previously appeared in a text book on the topic), Prof Jones carefully balances theoretical treatments with practical considerations. Destined to be a modern classic, this definitive and richly illustrated reference volume deserves a place on the bookshelf of all imaging centres.
Effects of film variety on the amounts of carboxylic acids from electron beam irradiated polyethylene film. (1984)

The amounts of carboxylic acids released from electron beam irradiated polyethylene film, which can be indicators of the intensity of off-odor, were examined. The conditions for trapping acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid, and n-valeric acid from two grams of film irradiated with a dose of 20 kGy in air were established as follows; carboxylic acids volatilized at 80°C from irradiated film were concentrated on Tenax GCby passing nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 20 ml/min for 30 minutes. The amounts of carboxylic acids varied considerably depending upon the properties of the resin, the presence of additives, etc. Without additives, the total amounts of the acids from the film which gave the strongest off-odor was three times the total amounts of the acids from the film which gave the weakest off-odor. The addition of butylated hydroxytoluene to film reduced remarkably the formation of carboxylic acids.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours: where are we now? (2007)

Inflammatory pseudotumour is a generic term applied to a variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities that share a common histological appearance, namely a cytologically bland spindle cell proliferation with a prominent, usually chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Over the last two decades, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) has emerged from within the broad category of inflammatory pseudotumour, with distinctive clinical, pathological and molecular features. IMT shows a predilection for the visceral soft tissues of children and adolescents and has a tendency for local recurrence, but only a small risk of distant metastasis. Characteristic histological patterns include the fasciitis-like, compact spindle cell and hypocellular fibrous patterns, which are often seen in combination within the same tumour. Chromosomal translocations leading to activation of the ALK tyrosine kinase can be detected in approximately 50% of IMTs, particularly those arising in young patients. This review will examine the clinical, pathological, and molecular genetic features of IMT and discuss an approach to diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Design of Soluble Recombinant T Cell Receptors for Antigen Targeting and T Cell Inhibition (2004)

The use of recombinant T cell receptors (TCRs) to target therapeutic interventions has been hindered by the naturally low affinity of TCR interactions with peptide major histocompatibility complex ligands. Here, we use multimeric forms of soluble heterodimeric alphabeta TCRs for specific detection of target cells pulsed with cognate peptide, discrimination of quantitative changes in antigen display at the cell surface, identification of virus-infected cells, inhibition of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation, and identification of cross-reactive peptides. Notably, the A6 TCR specific for the immunodominant HLA A2-restricted human T cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax(11-19) epitope bound to HLA A2-HuD(87-95) (K(D) 120 microm by surface plasmon resonance), an epitope implicated as a causal antigen in the paraneoplastic neurological degenerative disorder anti-Hu syndrome. A mutant A6 TCR that exhibited dramatically increased affinity for cognate antigen (K(D) 2.5 nm) without enhanced cross-reactivity was generated; this TCR demonstrated potent biological activity even as a monomeric molecule. These data provide insights into TCR repertoire selection and delineate a framework for the selective modification of TCRs in vitro that could enable specific therapeutic intervention in vivo.
Mesenchymal stromal cells from pooled mononuclear cells of multiple bone marrow donors as rescue therapy in pediatric severe steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease: a multicenter survey (2016)

To circumvent donor-to-donor heterogeneity which may lead to inconsistent results after treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease with mesenchymal stromal cells generated from single donors we developed a novel approach by generating these cells from pooled bone marrow mononuclear cells of 8 healthy "3(rd)-party" donors. Generated cells were frozen in 209 vials and designated as mesenchymal stromal cell bank. These vials served as a source for generation of clinical grade mesenchymal stromal cell end-products, which exhibited typical mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype, trilineage differentiation potential and at later passages expressed replicative senescence-related markers (p21 and p16). Genetic analysis demonstrated their genomic stability (normal karyotype and a diploid pattern). Importantly, clinical end-products exerted a significantly higher allosuppressive potential than the mean allosuppressive potential of mesenchymal stromal cells generated from the same donors individually. Administration of 81 mesenchymal stromal cell end-products to 26 patients with severe steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease in 7 stem cell transplant centers who were refractory to many lines of treatment, induced a 77% overall response at the primary end point (day 28). Remarkably, although the cohort of patients was highly challenging (96% grade III/IV and only 4% grade II graft-versus-host disease), after treatment with mesenchymal stromal cell end-products the overall survival rate at two years follow up was 71±11% for the entire patient cohort, compared to 51.4±9.0% in graft-versus-host disease clinical studies, in which mesenchymal stromal cells were derived from single donors. Mesenchymal stromal cell end-products may, therefore, provide a novel therapeutic tool for the effective treatment of severe acute graft-versus-host disease.
WHICH TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY? (1984)

Three different forms of testosterone (T) replacement therapy were compared; they were the intramuscular injection of mixed testosterone esters 250 mg; the subcutaneous implantation of 6 X 100 mg pellets of fused testosterone; and the oral administration of testosterone undecanoate (TU) 80 mg twice daily. Six hypogonadal males were treated with oral TU for an eight week period, during which time serial serum hormonal estimations were performed over 10 h at the initiation and after four and eight weeks of therapy. Serum T levels showed marked variability both between subjects and within the same subject on different occasions. We attribute this to variability in absorption of TU, which is formulated in oleic acid. The overall mean T level calculated from the areas under the profiles of TU was 12.0 nmol/l. Hormone responses to injected T esters were studied in nine hypogonadal males. Serum T rose to supraphysiological peak concentrations (mean 71 nmol/l) 24-48 h after an injection, followed by an exponential decay to reach baseline concentrations after 2-3 weeks. The overall calculated mean T level in subjects receiving testosterone esters 250 mg every three weeks was 27.7 nmol/l. Subcutaneous implantation of testosterone in six hypogonadal men produced a gradual rise in serum T followed by a slow decline, with T levels remaining within the normal range for 4-5 months. The calculated overall mean T level over 21 weeks after implantation was 17.0 nmol/l. Serum oestradiol (E2) levels remained within the normal male range throughout the study periods on both TU and T implant therapy but showed a supraphysiological peak (mean 347 pmol/l) 24-48 h after a T injection. 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels appeared to parallel those of T on the three forms of therapy, with DHT:T ratios being highest for TU therapy. This was also true for the target organ metabolite 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol. At the doses studied drug costs were similar for T implantation (every 5 months) and T ester injections (every 3 weeks), but were 7-8 times higher for TU (80 mg twice a day). We conclude that T implantation remains overall the most physiological form of androgen replacement therapy, is generally well accepted and attended by few side effects; TU may have a useful role in the initial phases of therapy.
A Phase 2 Study of Rituximab in Combination with Recombinant Interleukin-2 for Rituximab-Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2006)

rIL-2 expands FcR-bearing cellular subsets in vivo and enhances in vitro ADCC of rituxumab. However, these findings do not directly translate into meaningful clinical benefit for patients with rituxumab-refractory NHL.
EBNA-1: a protein pivotal to latent infection by Epstein-Barr virus (2000)

Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1, or EBNA-1, is required for the replication of the EBV genome as an extra-chromosomal element and is a key transcriptional regulator of this virus's latent gene expression. In this review we will describe the salient features of EBNA-1 and oriP, the latent origin of EBV to which EBNA-1 binds site-specifically. EBNA-1's association with host cellular factors, its association with metaphase chromosomes, and its ability to link DNAs to which it binds will be discussed in relation to its roles in replication and transcriptional activation. Although the mechanisms by which EBNA-1 facilitates replication and transcription largely remain enigmatic, EBV's viral replicon has been exploited successfully for applications in gene therapy and in the design of eukaryotic vectors for use in cell culture.
Dietary nitrite supplementation protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (2007)

Nitrite has emerged as an endogenous signaling molecule with potential therapeutic implications for cardiovascular disease. Steady-state levels of nitrite are derived in part from dietary sources; therefore, we investigated the effects of dietary nitrite and nitrate supplementation and deficiency on NO homeostasis and on the severity of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Mice fed a standard diet with supplementation of nitrite (50 mg/liter) in their drinking water for 7 days exhibited significantly higher plasma levels of nitrite, exhibited significantly higher myocardial levels of nitrite, nitroso, and nitrosyl-heme, and displayed a 48% reduction in infarct size (Inf) after MI/R. Supplemental nitrate (1 g/liter) in the drinking water for 7 days also increased blood and tissue NO products and significantly reduced Inf. A time course of ischemia-reperfusion revealed that nitrite was consumed during the ischemic phase, with an increase in nitroso/nitrosyl products in the heart. Mice fed a diet deficient in nitrite and nitrate for 7 days exhibited significantly diminished plasma and heart levels of nitrite and NO metabolites and a 59% increase in Inf after MI/R. Supplementation of nitrite in the drinking water for 7 days reversed the effects of nitrite deficiency. These data demonstrate the significant influence of dietary nitrite and nitrate intake on the maintenance of steady-state tissue nitrite/nitroso levels and illustrate the consequences of nitrite deficiency on the pathophysiology of MI/R injury. Therefore, nitrite and nitrate may serve as essential nutrients for optimal cardiovascular health and may provide a treatment modality for cardiovascular disease.
Respiratory syncytial virus upregulates expression of the substance P receptor in rat lungs (1999)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major respiratory pathogen in infants. The first goal of this study was to determine whether the infection following endotracheal inoculation of RSV in Fischer 344 rats results in increased inflammatory responses to substance P (SP) either released by capsaicin from sensory nerves or injected into the circulation. Five days after inoculation, the extravasation of Evans blue-labeled albumin after capsaicin or SP was significantly greater in RSV-infected airways than in pathogen-free controls. The peptide-degrading activity of the regulatory enzyme neutral endopeptidase was unaffected by RSV. However, SP(NK(1)) receptor mRNA levels increased fivefold in RSV-infected lungs, and the density of SP binding sites in the bronchial mucosa increased threefold. These data suggest that RSV makes the airways abnormally susceptible to the proinflammatory effects of SP by upregulating SP(NK(1)) receptor gene expression, thereby increasing the density of these receptors on target cells. This effect may contribute to the inflammatory reaction to the virus and could be a target for the therapy of RSV disease and its sequelae.