gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total syntheses of (-)-nocardicins A-G: a biogenetic approach (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal syntheses of (-)-nocardicins A-G: a biogenetic approachGino M. Salituro and Craig A. TownsendCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 2, 760–770Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00158a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00158a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1416Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Engineering the quaternary structure of an exported protein with a leucine zipper (1991)

The leucine zipper of the yeast transcriptional factor GCN4 was grafted to the C-terminal amino acid of the maltose binding protein (MalE) by fusing the malE gene of Escherichia coli to a synthetic gene coding for the leucine zipper. The hybrid protein, MalE-Lzp, was synthesized in large amounts from multicopy plasmids and efficiently exported into the periplasmic space of E. coli, up to 200,000 molecules per cell. Unlike hybrids between MalE and other proteins, MalE-Lzp was quite stable exhibiting only minimal degradation. The hybrid was purified from a periplasmic extract in one step by affinity chromatography on cross-linked amylose. Sedimentation velocity and gel filtration experiments showed that MalE-Lzp existed as a dimer in conditions where MalE was a monomer, at all concentrations tested down to 0.1 microM. Thus, it was possible to engineer the quaternary structure of an exported, monomeric protein by using a structural motif taken from a natural protein.
Evaluation of surface components of Vibrio cholerae as protective immunogens (1977)

Surface components of a motile Inaba strain (CA401) were removed from washed cells by low-speed shearing. Flagella contaminated with a vesicular material (designated as crude flagella [CFA1) were obtained by differential centrifugation of the shear fluid. Vesicles were obtained from a nonflagellated mutant by the same procedure. Homogeneous small vesicles were obtained in diminished yield from CsCl gradients of CF preparations. Treatment of CF with sodium deoxycholate removed the vesicular material and flagellar sheaths and yielded naked flagella (NF). The ability of these preparations of passively protect infant mice suckled by CFW mothers that had been immunized at the time of mating was compared, on a dry-weight basis, with commercial vaccine (CV). Eight-day-old mice were challenged orally with more than 1,000 50% lethal doses of either the homologous or a heterologous (Ogawa Ca411) strain. The most effective immunogen was CF, which provided complete protection at 1 microng against both challenges. CF and vesicles provided 50- to 100-fold greater protection than CV against homologous challenge. With heterologous challenge, vesicles were 10-fold more protective than CV, markedly less protective than CF. The NF offered only slightly greater protection than CV against both challenges. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed an antigen in CF distinct from vesicles, cell wall lipopolysaccharide or NF. This antigen is not present in the nonflagellated mutant and is apparently associated with motility,
Acetobacter diazotrophicus sp. nov., a Nitrogen-Fixing Acetic Acid Bacterium Associated with Sugarcane (1989)

Results of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-ribosomal ribonucleic acid and DNA-DNA hybridizations, together with a phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, revealed that nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from roots and stems of sugarcane belong to a new species in the genus Acetobacter, for which the name Acetobacter diazotrophicus sp. nov. is proposed. Strain LMG 7603 (= Döbereiner PA1 5 = ATCC 49037) is the type strain.
Hydroamination: Direct Addition of Amines to Alkenes and Alkynes (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTHydroamination: Direct Addition of Amines to Alkenes and AlkynesThomas E. Müller*†, Kai C. Hultzsch*‡§, Miguel Yus∥§, Francisco Foubelo∥§, and Mizuki Tada⊥§View Author Information CAT Catalytic Center, ITMC, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: +49 241 80 28594. Fax: +49 241 80 22593. E-mail: [email protected]†RWTH Aachen.‡Rutgers University.∥Universidad de Alicante.⊥The University of Tokyo.§E-mail addresses: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected].Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 9, 3795–3892Publication Date (Web):August 26, 2008Publication History Received22 January 2008Published online26 August 2008Published inissue 10 September 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0306788https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0306788review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40285Altmetric-Citations1817LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amines,Catalysts,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
ANUMET: A Novel Wet Gas Flowmeter (2003)

Abstract Wet gas metering is rapidly establishing itself as a special problem area within the more general area of multiphase flow metering. In fact, while attempts are being made across the Oil and Gas Industry to define the boundaries between humid gas, gas-condensate and high GVF (gas volume fraction) multiphase systems, a few commercial wet gas meters are already available for specific field applications. A major interest of Imperial College has been the development of metering schemes for three-phase (oil-gas-water) flows in oil-field production systems. Imperial College has already developed a flow meter (MIXMETER)1, which performs satisfactorily in the range of gas volume fractions of 0 to 90%. Imperial College has therefore been recently developing a new concept (ANUMET), which shows some promise for measuring two-phase flows at much higher gas volume fractions. The technical description of the ANUMET wet gas meter is outlined in this paper. Preliminary experiments on this new metering concept have been carried out with air-water flows in a 32 mm diameter tube in the LOTUS (LongTUbeSystem) facility at Imperial College. Encouraging results have been obtained and they are presented here.
Direct measurement of pulse distortion near the zero-dispersion wavelength in an optical fiber by frequency-resolved optical gating (1997)

The technique of frequency-resolved optical gating is used to characterize the intensity and the phase of picosecond pulses after propagation through 700 m of fiber at close to the zero-dispersion wavelength. Using the frequency-resolved optical gating technique, we directly measure the severe temporal distortion resulting from the interplay between self-phase modulation and higher-order dispersion in this regime. The measured intensity and phase of the pulses after propagation are found to be in good agreement with the predictions of numerical simulations with the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Bacterial RNA:DNA hybrids are activators of the NLRP3 inflammasome (2014)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an extracellular pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β, has been linked to hemolytic uremic syndrome. Here we identify the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine rich repeat containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as an essential mediator of EHEC-induced IL-1β. Whereas EHEC-specific virulence factors were dispensable for NLRP3 activation, bacterial nucleic acids such as RNA:DNA hybrids and RNA gained cytosolic access and mediated inflammasome-dependent responses. Consistent with a direct role for RNA:DNA hybrids in inflammasome activation, delivery of synthetic EHEC RNA:DNA hybrids into the cytosol triggered NLRP3-dependent responses, and introduction of RNase H, which degrades such hybrids, into infected cells specifically inhibited inflammasome activation. Notably, an E. coli rnhA mutant, which is incapable of producing RNase H and thus harbors increased levels of RNA:DNA hybrid, induced elevated levels of NLRP3-dependent caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation. Collectively, these findings identify RNA:DNA hybrids of bacterial origin as a unique microbial trigger of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Pindolol Augmentation of Treatment-Resistant Depressed Patients (1997)

This study failed to replicate the rapid and dramatic response to pindolol augmentation in treatment-resistant depressed patients.
Nanotechnology approaches to crossing the blood-brain barrier and drug delivery to the CNS (2008)

Nanotechnologies are materials and devices that have a functional organization in at least one dimension on the nanometer (one billionth of a meter) scale, ranging from a few to about 100 nanometers. Nanoengineered materials and devices aimed at biologic applications and medicine in general, and neuroscience in particular, are designed fundamentally to interface and interact with cells and their tissues at the molecular level. One particularly important area of nanotechnology application to the central nervous system (CNS) is the development of technologies and approaches for delivering drugs and other small molecules such as genes, oligonucleotides, and contrast agents across the blood brain barrier (BBB). The BBB protects and isolates CNS structures (i.e. the brain and spinal cord) from the rest of the body, and creates a unique biochemical and immunological environment. Clinically, there are a number of scenarios where drugs or other small molecules need to gain access to the CNS following systemic administration, which necessitates being able to cross the BBB. Nanotechnologies can potentially be designed to carry out multiple specific functions at once or in a predefined sequence, an important requirement for the clinically successful delivery and use of drugs and other molecules to the CNS, and as such have a unique advantage over other complimentary technologies and methods. This brief review introduces emerging work in this area and summarizes a number of example applications to CNS cancers, gene therapy, and analgesia.
Evolution of the growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) family of peptides. (1992)

1. The primordial GRF may have arisen quite early in evolutionary history, at or prior to (i.e. should immunoreactivity data be confirmed in invertebrates) the appearance of jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomates). A common evolutionary pathway using gene duplication may have been utilized to generate the GRF super-family of peptides. As most members of this peptide superfamily are produced in the gastrointestinal tract, the question is posed whether the GRF may have similar origins. 2. It is suggested that the GRF superfamily has two major branches: a) GRF; PRP/PACAP; VIP/PHI; secretin and b) Glucagon/GLP-1/GLP-2. GIP is likely to be a member of the glucagon branch. The two branches may be attributable to gene duplication encoding an ancestral molecule. These gene duplications are likely to have occurred prior to the evolution of vertebrates (conservatively 400-500 million years ago, and possibly 1 billion years ago). It is probable that peptides homologous to GRF, VIP and glucagon will be isolated from invertebrates. These invertebrate sequences will shed further light upon the evolution of this peptide superfamily. 3. Throughout the GRF superfamily, amphiphilic alpha-helical secondary structures represent preferred bioactive conformations. It is assumed that stable, ordered secondary structures conferring enhanced ligand-receptor interactions were conserved due to selective pressures. 4. It is well documented that hypothalamic GRF stimulates adenohypophyseal GH secretion in a variety of species. Thus far, the physiological effects of GRF have been attributed thus to the elevation of GH, and possibly also IGF-I. Recent data suggests a more liberal view; that GRF may also have direct actions in fetal/placental development, reproduction and immune function. Furthermore these direct effects may be mediated via GRF from either hypothalamic or extrahypothalamic (e.g. placenta, testes, ovary, leukocyte) sources. In conclusion, a great wealth of information has accumulated since the discovery of GRF. Examination of the GRF peptide superfamily from an evolutionary perspective has revealed new insights into the synthesis, processing, degradation, conformation and activities of these molecules. Knowledge obtained from these evolutionary comparisons has also become particularly useful in contemporary peptide drug design, which may be liberally viewed as a form of 'artificial evolution' (i.e. the selective pressure being clinical/veterinary requirements for more potent, long-acting GRF analogs).
Redox signalling: from nitric oxide to oxidized lipids (2004)

Cellular redox signalling is mediated by the post-translational modification of proteins in signal-transduction pathways by ROS/RNS (reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species) or the products derived from their reactions. NO is perhaps the best understood in this regard with two important modifications of proteins known to induce conformational changes leading to modulation of function. The first is the addition of NO to haem groups as shown for soluble guanylate cyclase and the newly discovered NO/cytochrome c oxidase signalling pathway in mitochondria. The second mechanism is through the modification of thiols by NO to form an S-nitrosated species. Other ROS/RNS can also modify signalling proteins although the mechanisms are not as clearly defined. For example, electrophilic lipids, formed as the reaction products of oxidation reactions, orchestrate adaptive responses in the vasculature by reacting with nucleophilic cysteine residues. In modifying signalling proteins ROS/RNS appear to change the overall activity of signalling pathways in a process that we have termed 'redox tone'. In this review, we discuss these different mechanisms of redox cell signalling, and give specific examples of ROS/RNS participation in signal transduction.
Synthesis and structure-activity relations of disodium cromoglycate and some related compounds (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and structure-activity relations of disodium cromoglycate and some related compoundsH. Cairns, C. Fitzmaurice, D. Hunter, P. B. Johnson, J. King, T. B. Lee, G. H. Lord, R. Minshull, and J. S. G. CoxCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 6, 583–589Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00276a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00276a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
To scale or not to scale: the principles of dose extrapolation (2009)

The principles of inter-species dose extrapolation are poorly understood and applied. We provide an overview of the principles underlying dose scaling for size and dose adjustment for size-independent differences. Scaling of a dose is required in three main situations: the anticipation of first-in-human doses for clinical trials, dose extrapolation in veterinary practice and dose extrapolation for experimental purposes. Each of these situations is discussed. Allometric scaling of drug doses is commonly used for practical reasons, but can be more accurate when one takes into account species differences in pharmacokinetic parameters (clearance, volume of distribution). Simple scaling of drug doses can be misleading for some drugs; correction for protein binding, physicochemical properties of the drug or species differences in physiological time can improve scaling. However, differences in drug transport and metabolism, and in the dose-response relationship, can override the effect of size alone. For this reason, a range of modelling approaches have been developed, which combine in silico simulations with data obtained in vitro and/or in vivo. Drugs that are unlikely to be amenable to simple allometric scaling of their clearance or dose include drugs that are highly protein-bound, drugs that undergo extensive metabolism and active transport, drugs that undergo significant biliary excretion (MW > 500, ampiphilic, conjugated), drugs whose targets are subject to inter-species differences in expression, affinity and distribution and drugs that undergo extensive renal secretion. In addition to inter-species dose extrapolation, we provide an overview of dose extrapolation within species, discussing drug dosing in paediatrics and in the elderly.
Observability of Error States in GPS/INS Integration (2005)

Observability properties of errors in an integrated navigation system are studied with a control-theoretic approach in this paper. A navigation system with a low-grade inertial measurement unit and an accurate single-antenna Global Positioning System (GPS) measurement system is considered for observability analysis. Uncertainties in attitude, gyro bias, and GPS antenna lever arm were shown to determine unobservable errors in the position, velocity, and accelerometer bias. It was proved that all the errors can be made observable by maneuvering. Acceleration changes improve the estimates of attitude and gyro bias. Changes in angular velocity enhance the lever arm estimate. However, both the motions of translation and constant angular velocity have no influence on the estimation of the lever arm. A covariance simulation with an extended Kalman filter was performed to confirm the observability analysis.
Ebay: The Missing Manual (Missing Manual) (2005)

It's the undisputed king of Internet auction sites. It's a global bazaar offering a range of goods from Antiques to Zulu Daisies. Cars, clothing, collectibles: you name it, and it's likely that you can find on eBay. But along with the vast selection of goods available, buyers and sellers also encounter all the other elements that markets are known for: tricks and swindlers, overpriced goods, deceptive labeling, small print, recycled items marked as new, and the occasional rare priceless find or undiscovered treasure. Seasoned eBay traders know that to successfully buy and sell within this mega-shopping platform, you need to understand the system. Unfortunately, the secrets of the site are often tightly held by other buyers and sellers seeking a competitive edge. But what if you're a newcomer? Or an experienced trader who wants to make the jump to power buyer or seller? eBay: The Missing Manual gives you the inside information you'll need to become an eBay expert. Buyers will find the most effective ways to find you want and pay prices that are sure to bring a smile to your face. And you'll get authoritative advice on strategic bidding: how to watch for elusive items, time your bids to take the competition by surprise, and--above all--avoid paying more than you ought to. Sellers will get sure-fire tips from eBay veterans who have discovered ways to ramp up their own auctions and sell at the highest possible prices. From the smallest details, such as how to take and post the most effective photos of your goods, to pricing strategies, inventory management, and shipping methods, this user-friendly manual will help you make more money on eBay. Whether you're selling a single item or running fulltime business on the site, you'll find tips to help you do it more effectively. As in any community, problems and disputes arise, and you'll learn how other eBayers resolve such troubles or work around them. eBay: The Missing Manual has gems of wisdom for everyone from total novices to more experienced traders. If you're looking to improve your eBay auction experience, you'll savor the tips and trick revealed in this guided exploration.
Cellular Micropatterns on Biocompatible Materials (1998)

We present a method to produce micropatterns of cells on tissue culture substrates. A network of deep elastomeric microchannels defining the desired pattern is sealed onto the surface of interest, and a protein template is created by injecting sub-milliliter quantities of protein solution into the microchannels. Protein adsorbs only on the areas that were exposed to the microflow. After the channels are flushed and the elastomer is removed, cells attach only on the protein template. Micropatterns of collagen or fibronectin were used to selectively adhere cells on various biomedical polymers and on heterogeneous or microtextured substrates. Since the bare substrate areas remain apt for seeding other, more adhesive cell types such as fibroblasts, we were able to create micropatterned co-cultures. Our method allows for inexpensive patterning of a rich assortment of biomolecules, cells, and surfaces under physiological conditions.