gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Receptor for Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (1991)

Although neurotrophic factors were originally isolated on the basis of their ability to support the survival of neurons, these molecules are now thought to influence many aspects of the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Identifying the receptors for these neurotrophic factors should aid in identifying the cells on which these factors act and in understanding their precise mechanisms of action. A "tagged-ligand panning" procedure was used to clone a receptor for ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). This receptor is expressed exclusively within the nervous system and skeletal muscle. The CNTF receptor has a structure unrelated to the receptors utilized by the nerve growth factor family of neurotrophic molecules, but instead is most homologous to the receptor for a cytokine, interleukin-6. This similarity suggestes that the CNTF receptor, like the interleukin-6 receptor, requires a second, signal-transducing component. In contrast to all known receptors, the CNTF receptor is anchored to cell membranes by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linkage.
Structure of majusculamide C, a cyclic depsipeptide from Lyngbya majuscula (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of majusculamide C, a cyclic depsipeptide from Lyngbya majusculaDaniel C. Carter, Richard E. Moore, Jon S. Mynderse, Walter P. Niemczura, and James S. ToddCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2, 236–241Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00176a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00176a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views635Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of linkage disequilibrium approaches to map genes for bipolar disorder in the Costa Rican population (1996)

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis provides a powerful means for screening the genome to map the location of disease genes, such as those for bipolar disorder (BP). As described in this paper, the population of the Central Valley of Costa Rica, which is descended from a small number of founders, should be suitable for LD mapping; this assertion is supported by reconstruction of extended haplotypes shared by distantly related individuals in this population suffering low-frequency hearing loss (LFHL1), which has previously been mapped by linkage analysis. A sampling strategy is described for applying LD methods to map genes for BP, and clinical and demographic characteristics of an initially collected sample are discussed. This sample will provide a complement to a previously collected set of Costa Rican BP families which is under investigation using standard linkage analysis.
The structure of the human interferon alpha/beta receptor gene. (1992)

Using the cDNA coding for the human interferon alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR), the IFNAR gene has been physically mapped relative to the other loci of the chromosome 21q22.1 region. 32,906 base pairs covering the IFNAR gene have been cloned and sequenced. Primer extension and solution hybridization-ribonuclease protection have been used to determine that the transcription of the gene is initiated in a broad region of 20 base pairs. Some aspects of the polymorphism of the gene, including noncoding sequences, have been analyzed; some are allelic differences in the coding sequence that induce amino acid variations in the resulting protein. The exon structure of the IFNAR gene and of that of the available genes for the receptors of the cytokine/growth hormone/prolactin/interferon receptor family have been compared with the predictions for the secondary structure of those receptors. From this analysis, we postulate a common origin and propose an hypothesis for the divergence from the immunoglobulin superfamily.
Endotoxin removal by anion‐exchange polymeric matrix (1990)

The effects of anion-exchange polymeric matrices on endotoxin removal from albumin and gamma-globulin solutions are evaluated. The positively charged cellulose acrylic media carrying DEAE or QAE functional groups remove significant amounts of endotoxin from tap water, but are less effective in protein solutions. With properly controlled pH levels and salt concentrations, the endotoxin level in a protein solution can be reduced; however, low endotoxin concentrations, less than 100 pg/ml, are more difficult to remove. The endotoxin removal capacity depends on the number of functional groups existing in the matrix, expressed as the number of milliequivalents (meq), and on the pH operable range, which is directly related to the pK alpha value of the matrix. The effects of pH and salt on endotoxin removal from albumin and gamma-globulin solutions by an anion-exchange polymeric matrix were evaluated statically in test tubes. In addition, a dynamic flow was performed under statically defined conditions on a 250-ml DEAE cartridge for the removal of endotoxin from albumin at a flow rate of 40 ml/min. A greater than 75% reduction in the endotoxin can be achieved, with protein loss occurring only in the early stage of removal. Such processes are useful for the reduction of endotoxin from biological solutions produced by natural sources or recombinant DNA technology.
Connectome smoothing via low-rank approximations (2018)

In brain imaging and connectomics, the study of brain networks, estimating the mean of a population of graphs based on a sample is a core problem. Often, this problem is especially difficult because the sample or cohort size is relatively small, sometimes even a single subject, while the number of nodes can be very large with noisy estimates of connectivity. While the element-wise sample mean of the adjacency matrices is a common approach, this method does not exploit the underlying structural properties of the graphs. We propose using a low-rank method that incorporates dimension selection and diagonal augmentation to smooth the estimates and improve performance over the naïve methodology for small sample sizes. Theoretical results for the stochastic block model show that this method offers major improvements when there are many vertices. Similarly, we demonstrate that the low-rank methods outperform the standard sample mean for a variety of independent edge distributions as well as human connectome data derived from the magnetic resonance imaging, especially when the sample sizes are small. Moreover, the low-rank methods yield "eigen-connectomes," which correlate with the lobe-structure of the human brain and superstructures of the mouse brain. These results indicate that the low-rank methods are the important parts of the toolbox for researchers studying populations of graphs in general and statistical connectomics in particular.
Visualization of prostate cancer using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI: comparison with transrectal power Doppler ultrasound (2003)

This study was designed to assess the efficacy of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), in comparison with power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS), for visualizing prostate cancer. 111 men suspected of having prostate cancer underwent imaging before undergoing octant biopsy. Subsequently, 31 cancer-positive patients were enrolled in this study. DCE-MRI was obtained using a three-dimensional fast-field echo sequence, which assured wide coverage of the prostate gland. The transrectal PDUS were scored according to the degree of power Doppler flow signals. The time intensity curve types for the DCE-MRI and the PDUS scores were compared with the histopathologic results for each region. The time intensity curves were correlated significantly with PDUS scores (p<0.001). Using PDUS, the overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of cancer visualization in peripheral zones were 69%, 61% and 66%, respectively. Using DCE-MRI, the corresponding values were 87%, 74% and 82%. In the inner gland, using PDUS, the overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 68%, 94% and 83%, respectively. Using DCE-MRI, the corresponding values were similar (68%, 86% and 78%). DCE-MRI was significantly more sensitive than transrectal PDUS in peripheral zones (p<0.05). In conclusion, both transrectal PDUS and DCE-MRI can be used to demonstrate hypervascularity in many prostate cancers. DCE-MRI was significantly more sensitive than PDUS for visualizing of prostate cancers without loss of specificity in the peripheral zone.
Queries-R-Links (1993)

In this paper we introduce a style of interaction (interactive querying) that combines features of hypertext with Boolean querying, using direct markup of text to launch queries. We describe two experiments that compare the relative ease of expressing Boolean queries as text versus a graphical equivalent. The results of these experiments show that the expression of queries in the graphical format is no more difficult than the textual equivalent. We then describe the Queries-R-Links system that we have developed at the University of Toronto. Queries-R-Links uses the graphical markup method to launch Boolean queries interactively using direct markup of text. This work represents significant progress towards information exploration systems that combine the useful features of information retrieval querying and hypertext browsing.
A probiotic approach to caries management. (2006)

The surgical approach has been the predominate mode of caries management for the past 150 years. Dentistry has, however, in recent years moved toward an antibiotic/antimicrobial model of disease management. This approach, however, raises serious questions: (1) do the antibiotic/antimicrobial agents (chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, fluoride, etc) kill all offending organisms?; (2) if so, do the agents preclude the re-entry of the same organisms from external sources?; and (3) if the agents do kill all the offending organisms, do any remaining pathogenic organisms have selective advantage in repopulating the tooth surfaces? To overcome the problems inherent in an antibiotic/antimicrobial approach, probiotic methods are currently under study as means of caries management. This paper discusses probiotic approaches, such as genetically modified Streptococcus mutans and targeted antimicrobials in the management of dental caries. Implications for this approach in the management of other diseases are also presented.
Challenge of BALB/c Mice with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Does Not Enhance the Th2 Pathway Induced after Immunization with a Recombinant G Fusion Protein, BBG2NA, in Aluminum Hydroxide (1997)

The polypeptide of aa 130-230 of the G protein (G2Na) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was fused to BB, the albumin-binding region of streptococcal G protein, producing BBG2Na, which induced protective immune responses in rodent models. Evaluation of the immune response in mice immunized with BBG2Na in the adjuvant alhydrogel revealed high amounts of interleukin (IL)-5 and some IL-4 in splenocytes restimulated in vitro. This is compatible with a Th2 response. The activation of the Th2 pathway in such mice was further supported by the detection of IL-5 and G2Na-specific IgE in vivo. Of interest, in contrast to immunization with formalin-inactivated RSV, immunization of mice with BBG2Na followed by intranasal RSV challenge did not lead to increased production of IL-5- or G2Na-specific IgE. However, IgG1- and IgG2a-specific antibodies were boosted. These results demonstrate that the Th2 pathway is not enhanced by RSV challenge in BBG2Na-immunized mice.
DNA Nanodevices (2005)

The molecular recognition properties of DNA molecules combined with the distinct mechanical properties of single and double strands of DNA can be utilized for the construction of nanodevices, which can perform ever more tasks with possible applications ranging from nanoconstruction to intelligent drug delivery. With the help of DNA it is possible to construct machinelike devices that are capable of rotational motion, pulling and stretching, or even unidirectional motion. It is possible to devise autonomous nanodevices, to grab and release molecules, and also to perform simple information-processing tasks.
Amniotic arthroplasty for tuberculosis of the hip. A preliminary clinical study (1986)

Arthroplasty of the hip using an interposed multi-layered cap of amniotic membrane is reported in 28 patients with tuberculous arthritis. The disease had been present from one to seven years, and five patients had multiple discharging sinuses. Follow-up was from 30 to 46 months. Amniotic tissue caused no inflammatory reaction, or obvious rejection, and 25 patients were free of symptoms, with a good range of movement and a stable joint. The three failures were caused by dislocation, fracture of the femoral neck and extra-articular bone formation respectively. Amniotic arthroplasty seems to be capable of providing a painless, mobile and stable joint in patients with tuberculosis of the hip.
Ultrahigh-resolution multicolor colocalization of single fluorescent probes (2000)

An optical ruler based on ultrahigh-resolution colocalization of single fluorescent probes is described in this paper. It relies on the use of two unique families of fluorophores, namely energy-transfer fluorescent beads (TransFluoSpheres) and semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots, that can be excited by a single laser wavelength but emit at different wavelengths. A multicolor sample-scanning confocal microscope was constructed that allows one to image each fluorescent light emitter, free of chromatic aberrations, by scanning the sample with nanometer scale steps with a piezo-scanner. The resulting spots are accurately localized by fitting them to the known shape of the excitation point-spread function of the microscope. We present results of two-dimensional colocalization of TransFluoSpheres (40 nm in diameter) and of nanocrystals (3–10 nm in diameter) and demonstrate distance-measurement accuracy of better than 10 nm using conventional far-field optics. This ruler bridges the gap between fluorescence resonance energy transfer, near- and far-field imaging, spanning a range of a few nanometers to tens of micrometers.
Real Time Analysis of the Affinity Regulation of α4-Integrin (2001)

This work examines the affinity of alpha(4)beta(1)-integrin and whether affinity regulation by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and chemokines receptors is compatible with cell adhesion mediated between alpha(4)-integrin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. We used flow cytometry to examine the binding of a fluorescent derivative of an LDV peptide (Chen, L. L., Whitty, A., Lobb, R. R., Adams, S. P., and Pepinsky, R. B. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 13167-13175) to several cell lines and leukocytes with alpha(4)-integrin ranging from about 2,000 to 100,000 sites/cell. The results support the idea that alpha(4)-integrins exhibit multiple affinities and that affinity changes are regulated by the dissociation rate and conformation. The affinity varies by 3 orders of magnitude with the affinity induced by binding mAb TS2/16 plus Mn(2+) > Mn(2+) ' TS2/16 > activation because of occupancy of GPCR or chemokines receptor > resting receptors. A significant fraction of the receptors respond to the activating process. The change in alpha(4)-integrin affinity and the corresponding change in off rates mediated by GPCR receptor activation are rapid and transient, and their duration depends on GPCR desensitization. The affinity changes mediated by IgE receptor or interleukin-5 receptor persist longer. It appears that the physiologically active state of the alpha(4)-integrin, determined by inside-out signaling, has similar affinity in several cell types.
Bisfuran‐s‐Tetrazine‐Based Conjugated Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photovoltaic Properties (2011)

Abstract Bisfuran‐s‐tetrazine (FTz) and its copolymers with cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene (CPDT) and benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) (PCPDTFTz and PBDTFTz) are prepared with the alternating s‐tetrazine and CPDT or BDT units bridged by a furan ring. Their optical and electrochemical properties are studied and compared with their thiophene analogs (PCPDTTTz‐out and PCPDTTTz‐in), in which the bridging unit is 4‐hexylthiophene or 3‐hexylthiophene, respectively. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells fabricated from these polymers with PC 71 BM have a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.8%, which is much lower than that from the PCPDTTTz‐out analog (3.2%), due to the low steric hindrance of the furan polymers in the absence of alkyl substitution on the furan ring.
Crosstalk Between Coaxial Transmission Lines (1937)

The general theory of coaxial pairs was dealt with in an article on “The Electromagnetic Theory of Coaxial Transmission Lines and Cylindrical Shields” by S. A. Schelkunoff (B. S. T. J., Oct., 1934). The present paper considers a specific aspect of the general theory, namely, crosstalk. Formulae for the crosstalk are developed in terms of the distributed mutual impedance, the constants of the transmission lines and the terminal impedances. Some limiting cases are given special consideration. The theory is then applied to a few special types of coaxial structures studied experimentally and a close agreement is shown between the results of calculations and of laboratory measurements. If the outer members of coaxial pairs are complicated structures rather than solid cylindrical shells, the crosstalk formulae still apply but the mutual impedances and the transmission constants which are involved in these formulae must be determined experimentally since these quantities cannot always be calculated with sufficient accuracy. The crosstalk between coaxial pairs with solid outer conductors rapidly decreases with increasing frequency while the crosstalk between unshielded balanced pairs increases. In the low frequency range there is less crosstalk between such balanced pairs than between coaxial pairs but at high frequencies the reverse is true. The diminution of crosstalk between coaxial pairs with increasing frequency is caused by an ever increasing shielding action furnished by the outer conductors of the pairs. Finally, crosstalk in long lines using coaxial conductors is discussed and the conclusion is reached that, unlike the case of the balanced structure, the far-end crosstalk imposes a more severe condition than the near-end crosstalk in two-way systems which involve more than two coaxial conductors.
Surface hydrophobic and hydrophilic protein alterations in Candida albicans (1993)

Cell surface hydrophobicity influences pathogenesis of Candida albicans. Previous studies suggested that stationary-phase hydrophilic and hydrophobic cells, obtained by growth at 37 and 23°C, respectively, may have similar hydrophobic proteins. However, whether hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface proteins differ during the growth cycle at 37°C is unknown. Freeze-fracture analysis revealed surface fibrillar layer differences between hydrophobic late-lag and hydrophilic stationary-phase yeast cells grown at 37°C. Hydrophilic protein differences were also observed between these populations. However, similar hydrophobic proteins were detected among the late-lag and stationary phase cells grown at 37°C and hydrophobic stationary-phase cells grown at 23°C. These results suggest that hydrophobic proteins remain constant but hydrophilic proteins vary during growth. Thus, conversion from surface hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity by C. albicans may only require alterations in the hydrophilic fibrillar protein components.
Coherence-collapsed 13-μm multimode laser diode for the fiber-optic gyroscope (1995)

Coherence-collapsing feedback applied to a 1.3-microm multimode laser diode is shown to sufficiently decouple the longitudinal modes and broaden their linewidth that the laser becomes suitable for use in a low-drift depolarized fiber-optic gyroscope.
The Influence of the Magnetic Field on Processes Involving Radicals and Triplet Molecules in Solutions (1977)

The results of studies of the influence of a constant magnetic field on reactions involving free radicals and triplet molecules in solutions are examined and the theoretical principles of the influence of the magnetic field on the recombination processes of free radicals (taking into account the spin effect) and the quenching of triplets are described. The theoretical models are compared with experimental data. The bibliography includes 95 references.
Human acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase is a tetrameric protein (2001)

Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is an integral membrane enzyme that catalyses the last step of triacylglycerol synthesis from diacylglycerol and acyl-CoA. Here we provide experimental evidence that DGAT is a homotetramer. Although the predicted molecular mass of human DGAT protein is 55kDa, CHAPS-solubilized recombinant human DGAT was eluted in fractions over 150kDa on gel-filtration chromatography. Cross-linking of recombinant DGAT in membranes with disuccinimidyl suberate yielded bands corresponding to the dimer (108kDa) and the tetramer (214kDa) in SDS/PAGE. Finally, when two differently epitope-tagged forms of DGAT were co-transfected into mammalian cells, they could be co-immunoprecipitated. From a human adipose tissue cDNA library we cloned a cDNA encoding a novel splice variant of DGAT (designated DGATsv) that contained a 77nt insert of unspliced intron with an in-frame stop codon. This resulted in a truncated form of DGAT that terminated at Arg-387, deleting 101 residues from the C-terminus containing the putative active site. DGATsv was enzymically inactive when transfected in HEK-293E cells but was still able to form dimer and tetramer on cross-linking, indicating that the ability to form tetramers resides in the N-terminal region. When co-expressed in HEK-293E cells, DGATsv did not inhibit the activity of full-length DGAT, suggesting that the subunits of DGAT catalyse triacylglycerol synthesis independently.