gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Contribution of CD4 and CD8 to T Cell Antigen Receptor Serial Triggering (1997)

CD4 and CD8 are thought to function as coreceptors by binding to the cognate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules recognized by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and initiating the signal transduction cascade. We report that during T cell-antigen-presenting cell interaction, triggered TCRs and coreceptors are downregulated and degraded with identical kinetics. This coordinated disappearance takes place whenever the TCR is triggered, even when the coreceptor does not engage the cognate MHC molecule and is the consequence of binding of the coreceptor-associated Lck to ZAP-70. The interaction of coreceptor and cognate MHC molecules is dispensable when T cells are stimulated by optimal ligands, but becomes crucial when suboptimal ligands are used. In the latter case the coreceptor increases the efficiency of TCR triggering without changing the activation threshold or the quality of the T cell response.
Annexin-1 Mediates TNF-α-Stimulated Matrix Metalloproteinase Secretion from Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts (2008)

Annexins are intracellular molecules implicated in the down-regulation of inflammation. Recently, annexin-1 has also been identified as a secreted molecule, suggesting it may have more complex effects on inflammation than previously appreciated. We studied the role of annexin-1 in mediating MMP-1 secretion from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts (SF) stimulated with TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha induced a biphasic secretion of annexin-1 from RA SF. Early (< or = 60 min), cycloheximide-independent secretion from preformed intracellular pools was followed by late (24 h) cycloheximide-inhibitable secretion requiring new protein synthesis. Exogenous annexin-1 N-terminal peptide Ac2-26 stimulated MMP-1 secretion in a dose- (EC(50) approximately 25 microM) and time- (8-24 h) dependent manner; full-length annexin-1 had a similar effect. Down-regulation of annexin-1 using small interfering RNA resulted in decreased secretion of both annexin-1 and MMP-1, confirming that annexin-1 mediates TNF-alpha-stimulated MMP-1 secretion. Erk, Jnk, and NF-kappaB have been implicated in MMP-1 secretion. Erk, Jnk, and NF-kappaB inhibitors had no effect on annexin-1 secretion stimulated by TNF-alpha but inhibited MMP-1 secretion in response to Ac2-26, indicating that these molecules signal downstream of annexin-1. Annexin-1 stimulation of MMP-1 secretion was inhibited by both a formyl peptide receptor antagonist and pertussis toxin, suggesting that secreted annexin-1 acts via formyl peptide family receptors, most likely FPLR-1. In contrast to its commonly appreciated anti-inflammatory roles, our data indicate that annexin-1 is secreted by RA SF in response to TNF-alpha and acts in an autacoid manner to engage FPRL-1, activate Erk, Jnk, and NF-kappaB, and stimulate MMP-1 secretion.
Continuations and coroutines (1984)

The power of first class continuations is demonstrated by implementing a variety of coroutine mechanisms using only continuations and functional abstraction. The importance of general abstraction mechanisms such as continuations is discussed.
Solving the Problem of Abusive Mortgage Foreclosure Sales (1987)

A mortgagee can, through the device of a foreclosure sale, acquire a secured property for its own account at a fictitiously low figure, and then use that unfairly small amount as the appropriate dollar credit against the amount due on the loan. This creates a double-bind situation for mortgagors. Some states have responded to the two problems of inadequate foreclosure sale prices and oppressive deficiency judgments by passing various kinds of legislation. My proposal is a simple one: (1) forbid the mortgagee from buying in at foreclosure; (2) to bring in the highest possible price for the benefit of all concerned, have the mortgagee, as agent for all the parties in interest sell the property in the manner that such assets not in foreclosure are ordinarily marketed; (3) change the traditional rule regarding the distribution of foreclosure proceeds requires that liens be paid off in order of priority, with the balance, if any, then going to the mortgagor. These alterations should help right the presently existing unfair balance between mortgagor and mortgagee in foreclosure cases.
Effects of N-3 Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism (1990)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
The PUF Family of RNA‐binding Proteins: Does Evolutionarily Conserved Structure Equal Conserved Function? (2003)

Drosophila Pumilio (Pum) protein is a founder member of a novel family of RNA-binding proteins, known as the PUF family. The PUF proteins constitute an evolutionarily highly conserved family of proteins present from yeast to humans and plants, and are characterized by a highly conserved C-terminal RNA-binding domain, composed of eight tandem repeats. The conserved biochemical features and genetic function of PUF family members have emerged from studies of model organisms. PUF proteins bind to related sequence motifs in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of specific target mRNAs and repress their translation. Frequently, PUF proteins function asymmetrically to create protein gradients, thus causing asymmetric cell division and regulating cell fate specification. Thus, it was recently proposed that the primordial role of PUF proteins is to sustain mitotic proliferation of stem cells. Here we review the evolution, conserved genetic and biochemical properties of PUF family of proteins, and discuss protein interactions, upstream regulators and downstream targets of PUF proteins. We also suggest that a conserved mechanism of PUF function extends to the newly described mammalian members of the PUF family (human PUM1 and PUM2, and mouse Pum1 and Pum2), that show extensive homology to Drosophila Pum, and could have an important role in cell development, fate specification and differentiation.
Properties of a partially purified phosphodimethylethanolamine methyltransferase from rat brain cytosol (1992)

The presence of cytosolic S-adenosylmethionine-dependent N-methyltransferase(s) activity(ies) capable of converting phosphoethanolamine into phosphocholine has been recently demonstrated in the rat brain. At least two enzymes are involved in the methylation of phosphoethanolamine to phosphocholine and these are separable by ammonium sulphate fractionation. The enzyme catalysing the last step of this methylation process is present in the 50-80% ammonium sulphate fraction. A 220-fold purified enzyme has been obtained with sequentially employed Q-Sepharose fast flow and octyl-Sepharose CL4B column chromatography. The maximum enzyme activity was at pH 9.5. The Km values for S-adenosylmethionine, the methyl donor, and phosphodimethylethanolamine, the methyl acceptor, were 125 microM and 750 microM respectively. This phosphodimethylethanolamine N-methyltransferase was found to be calcium-dependent, with a 4-fold increase in activity at 0.5 mM-CaCl2. S-Adenosylhomocysteine at 0.5 mM caused 100% inhibition of the activity. The effects of various structural analogues on the phosphodimethylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity were also investigated and these results suggest that the enzyme is specific to the substrate. These results provide evidence for the existence of the pathway for the methylation of phosphoethanolamine to phosphocholine in rat brain cytosol.
Blockade of the PD-1 pathway enhances the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy against cancer (2013)

The blockade of the PD-1 pathway can increase the production of interferon γ by tumor-specific T cells located within or in the proximity of the malignant lesion, thereby increasing the chemokine-dependent trafficking of immune effector cells. This can boost the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy to achieve superior antitumor responses.
Energy Consumption and Analysis on Energy Saving Measures at SINOPEC＇s Large Refineries (2007)

这篇文章总结进程单位的精力消费和在最近的年里构造或修理的 10 个 Mt/a 类精炼厂的全面精力消费。节省在这些精炼厂的设计采用的措施的精力被分析并且讨论。最后，这篇文章也做评价并且以后在精炼厂为能量守恒在目的上提出建议。
Importance of the lipid peroxidation biomarkers and methodological aspects FOR malondialdehyde quantification (2009)

Free radicals induce lipid peroxidation, playing an important role in pathological processes. The injury mediated by free radicals can be measured by conjugated dienes, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, and others. However, malondialdehyde has been pointed out as the main product to evaluate lipid peroxidation. Most assays determine malondialdehyde by its reaction with thiobarbituric acid, which can be measured by indirect (spectrometry) and direct methodologies (chromatography). Though there is some controversy among the methodologies, the selective HPLC-based assays provide a more reliable lipid peroxidation measure. This review describes significant aspects about MDA determination, its importance in pathologies and biological samples treatment.
Apical localization of K+ channels in taste cells provides the basis for sour taste transduction. (1988)

Previous studies have shown that mudpuppy taste receptor cells respond to sour taste stimuli (weak acids) with depolarizing receptor potentials or action potentials that are blocked by the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium. Voltage-clamp recordings from isolated taste cells indicated that taste receptor cells exhibit a variety of voltage-dependent conductances and that acids reduce a voltage-dependent K+ current. Since taste stimuli are restricted to the apical surface of the intact tongue, only 1-2% of the taste receptor cell surface is exposed to chemical stimuli. Thus, modification of a K+ conductance would be an effective transduction mechanism in receptor cells only if the majority of K+ channels were located on the apical membrane. We have used a combination of "loose-patch" and whole-cell recording methods to map the distribution of voltage-sensitive K+ and Na+ channels on dissociated Necturus maculosus taste cells. We report here that the K+ conductance is approximately equal to 50-fold greater on apical membrane than on basolateral membrane, whereas the Na+ conductance is distributed evenly. The marked nonuniformity of the voltage-sensitive K+ conductance, together with the block of this conductance by sour stimuli, indicates that K+ current modulation is the mechanism of sour taste transduction.
A phantom study on the propagation of NIR rays under the skin for designing a novel vein-visualizing device (2013)

Recently, by compensating shortcomings of existing ones, a novel vein-visualizing device was proposed. It highly improves the intuitiveness and the accuracy of venipuncture, but further developments are still required. In this study, as a preliminary work for the device, a phantom experiment was conducted on the propagation of NIR rays under the skin. For this, a NIR diode module and an agar phantom including a vein model were produced, and then, the propagation of NIR rays inside of the phantom was captured by an IR camera. If NIR rays are casted perpendicularly to the surface just above the vein model, the vein model can take much light, but the skin must be occluded with the NIR diode module. Also, if the module is shifted in order to get a wide field of vision, the vein model may not receive enough light. However, in the case of a large incidence angle, enough NIR rays can reach the vein model, and simultaneously, a wide field of vision can be obtained.
Actions of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum on cell surface nucleic acids in cancer cells as determined by cell electrophoresis techniques. (1982)

Whole-cell electrophoresis determinations, using a null technique to measure a cloud of cells, were made on a variety of tumor cell suspensions in order to examine the charged groups on the cell surfaces. We report here evidence, derived from these measurements, which indicates the presence of nucleic acids on the surfaces of the tumor cells. Cells of the ascitic and solid forms of the Sarcoma 180 mouse tumor, grown in ICR mice, showed a decrease of 10 to 20% in electrophoretic mobility when incubated with nucleases. One variant, S-180, exhibited sensitivity to RNase only; another variant was sensitive to both RNase and DNase, while different tumor lines were shown to be sensitive to DNase only. Treatment of tumorbearing animals with a therapeutic dose of cisplatin resulted in a loss of tumor cell mobility identical to that produced by the nuclease incubations of the control cells. Incubation of the cisplatin-treated tumor cells with nucleases produced no change in mobility. The isoelectric points of these cells were determined and are consistent with the loss of a group with a low pK value, such as the phosphates of RNA and DNA, in both cisplatin-treated cells and nuclease-incubated cells. Using the S-180 tumor sensitive to both RNase and DNase, the rates of the two enzymes were additive, but the mobility decreased to the same level regardless of whether the enzymes were used alone or together. This suggests that both enzymes act on the same site. RNase and DNase immobilized on agarose beads were capable of lowering the mobility of the cells upon incubation, confirming the surface location of these nucleic acid residues. S-180 tumor cells were also placed in a tissue culture medium at 37° for up to 22 hr and were treated in vitro with cisplatin and other metabolic inhibitors. Nucleic acid or protein synthesis inhibitors produced a loss of the cell surface nucleic acids. In another in vitro experiment, the nucleic acids were first removed by nucleases, and, when the cells were incubated at 37°, the nucleic acids reappeared. Disappearance with the inhibitors or reappearance after digestion exhibited a half-time of about 2 hr. Surface nucleic acids were detected by this electrophoresis technique on all of several types of tumor cells but not on any normal cells examined.
Bone morphogenetic protein and growth differentiation factor cytokine families and their protein antagonists (2010)

The BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) and the GDFs (growth and differentiation factors) together form a single family of cystine-knot cytokines, sharing the characteristic fold of the TGFbeta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily. Besides the ability to induce bone formation, which gave the BMPs their name, the BMP/GDFs display morphogenetic activities in the development of a wide range of tissues. BMP/GDF homo- and hetero-dimers interact with combinations of type I and type II receptor dimers to produce multiple possible signalling complexes, leading to the activation of one of two competing sets of SMAD transcription factors. BMP/GDFs have highly specific and localized functions. These are regulated in a number of ways, including the developmental restriction of BMP/GDF expression and through the secretion of several specific BMP antagonist proteins that bind with high affinity to the cytokines. Curiously, a number of these antagonists are also members of the TGF-beta superfamily. Finally a number of both the BMP/GDFs and their antagonists interact with the heparan sulphate side chains of cell-surface and extracellular-matrix proteoglycans.
Colorectal cancer: a summary of the evidence for screening and prevention. (2008)

Colorectal cancer causes significant morbidity and mortality in the United States. The incidence of colorectal cancer can be reduced with increasing efforts directed at mass screening of average-risk adults 50 years and older. Currently, fecal occult blood test and flexible sigmoidoscopy have the highest levels of evidence to support their use for colorectal cancer screening. Colonoscopy does not have a proven colorectal cancer mortality benefit, but it does have the greatest single-test accuracy, and it is the final test in the pathway to evaluate and treat patients with other abnormal screening tests. Double-contrast barium enema has sparse data of effectiveness. Computed tomographic colonography, fecal DNA testing, and Pillcam Colon are promising tests that need further study before they can be recommended for widespread screening. Routine screening should continue until 75 years of age. There is good evidence that fiber and antioxidants are not effective for primary prevention of colorectal cancer; they should not be recommended for chemoprevention. There is good evidence that aspirin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are effective for decreasing the risk of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, but increased risks, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, limit their usefulness. There is fair evidence that obesity is associated with colorectal cancer. Additional studies are needed on decreased fat intake and red meat consumption, and the use of calcium, vitamin D, and statins before these can be recommended for primary prevention of colorectal cancer.
Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Adrenoleukodystrophy and Adrenomyeloneuropathy (1995)

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and its adult variant adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) are X-linked diseases in which a deficiency of lignoceroyl-CoA ligase, a peroxisomal enzyme needed for the degradation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), has been reported. The responsible gene recently has been cloned; it codes for a peroxisomal membrane protein, ALDP, which is a member of the ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporter superfamily. Elevations in VLCFA, particularly C24 and C26, have proven useful in the diagnosis of the childhood, adolescent and adult cerebral forms and AMN. ALD and AMN commonly coexist in the same families; the same VLCFA elevations and gene mutations have been recognized in both ALD and AMN. This phenotypic heterogeneity suggests the influence of an autosomal modifier gene. Dietary manipulation using glyceryl trioleate-trieurucate oil (Lorenzo's oil) has been highly successful in lowering VLCFA, but not in affecting the rate of neurologic deterioration in symptomatic ALD boys or AMN adults. Dietary pretreatment of neurologically asymptomatic ALD patients may have some benefit and is advisable at the present time. Currently, we recommend bone marrow transplantation for those patients who show evidence of early cerebral involvement and for whom a well-matched donor is available. A drug therapy trial utilizing beta interferon and thalidomide is underway.
Controversies and advances in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) analgesia in chronic pain management (2011)

Chronic pain can lead to significant disability with social and economic implications in the community. Traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been part of the management of chronic pain. The risk of adverse events with traditional NSAIDs has led to the development of alternative therapeutic options. Differential blockade of the enzymes involved in pain and inflammation can offer therapeutic options without the gastrointestinal side effects. However, this may be at the expense of other major cardiovascular side effects. Pain pathways that involve peripheral transmission may be altered by local application of analgesia to the skin overlying the painful area. Recent guidelines for osteoarthritis treatment from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence highlight the importance of topical NSAIDs in the armamentarium of pain management. NSAID combination drugs with gastric protection have provided alternatives to traditional NSAIDs, but the long-term sequelae are unknown.
Matrix Analysis (1985)

Linear algebra and matrix theory are fundamental tools in mathematical and physical science, as well as fertile fields for research. This new edition of the acclaimed text presents results of both classic and recent matrix analyses using canonical forms as a unifying theme, and demonstrates their importance in a variety of applications. The authors have thoroughly revised, updated, and expanded on the first edition. The book opens with an extended summary of useful concepts and facts and includes numerous new topics and features, such as: - New sections on the singular value and CS decompositions - New applications of the Jordan canonical form - A new section on the Weyr canonical form - Expanded treatments of inverse problems and of block matrices - A central role for the Von Neumann trace theorem - A new appendix with a modern list of canonical forms for a pair of Hermitian matrices and for a symmetric-skew symmetric pair - Expanded index with more than 3,500 entries for easy reference - More than 1,100 problems and exercises, many with hints, to reinforce understanding and develop auxiliary themes such as finite-dimensional quantum systems, the compound and adjugate matrices, and the Loewner ellipsoid - A new appendix provides a collection of problem-solving hints.
hFis1, a Novel Component of the Mammalian Mitochondrial Fission Machinery (2003)

The balance between the fission and fusion mechanisms regulate the morphology of mitochondria. In this study we have identified a mammalian protein that we call hFis1, which is the orthologue of the yeast Fis1p known to participate in yeast mitochondrial division. hFis1, when overexpressed in various cell types, localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane and induced mitochondrial fission. This event was inhibited by a dominant negative mutant of Drp1 (Drp1(K38A)), a major component of the fission apparatus. Fragmentation of the mitochondrial network by hFis1 was followed by the release of cytochrome c and ultimately apoptosis. Bcl-xL was able to block cytochrome c release and apoptosis but failed to prevent mitochondrial fragmentation. Our studies show that hFis1 is part of the mammalian fission machinery and suggest that regulation of the fission processes might be involved in apoptotic mechanisms.
Ultrasound-Enhanced Systemic Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke (2004)

In patients with acute ischemic stroke, continuous transcranial Doppler augments t-PA-induced arterial recanalization, with a nonsignificant trend toward an increased rate of recovery from stroke, as compared with placebo.
Humanization of the Bispecific Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor × CD3 Diabody and Its Efficacy as a Potential Clinical Reagent (2006)

The humanized diabody hEx3 is an attractive molecule for cancer therapy and may provide important insights into the development of EGFR-based cancer-targeting reagents.
Microassembly of 3-D Microstructures Using a Compliant, Passive Microgripper (2004)

This paper describes a novel microassembly system that can be used to construct out-of-plane three-dimensional (3-D) microstructures. The system makes use of a surface-micromachined microgripper that is solder bonded to a robotic manipulator. The microgripper is able to grasp a micropart, remove it from the chip, reorient it about two independent axes, translate it along the x, y and z axes to a secondary location, and join it to another micropart. In this way, out-of-plane 3-D microstructures can be assembled from a set of initially planar and parallel surface micromachined microparts. The microgripper is 380 /spl times/ 410 /spl mu/m in size. It utilizes three geometric features for operation: 1) compliant beams to allow for deflection at the grasping tips; 2) self-tightening geometry during grasping; and 3) 3-D interlocking geometry to secure a micropart after the grasp. Each micropart has three geometric features built into its body. The first is the interlock interface feature that allows it to be grasped by the microgripper. The second is a tether feature that secures the micropart to the substrate, and breaks away after the microgripper has grasped the micropart. The third is the snap-lock feature, which is used to join the micropart to other microparts.