gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Salmonella in young chicks on competitive exclusion treatment (1998)

The potential of Salmonella contamination in hatching cabinets to 1) generate seeder chicks and 2) interfere with the efficacy of competitive exclusion (CE) treatments was investigated in six experiments. Hatchery-generated seeder: chicks were produced by hatching in the same hatcher with inoculated eggs (immersed in a 1.0 x 10(5) cfu/mL suspension of Salmonella typhimurium or inoculated with 10(5) to 10(6) cells on the air cell membrane). Salmonella spread through the hatching cabinet to chicks hatching from uninoculated eggs in adjacent trays. In two experiments, Salmonella was isolated from 31 and 100% of the chick rinses after the birds were held in groups for 3 d in isolation units. When these hatchery-generated seeder chicks were stocked in floor pens at a 1:10 ratio with uncontaminated contact chicks, the pen environment became contaminated to the extent that greater than 50% of the contact chicks became contaminated. In two experiments with only one to three inoculated eggs per 200 egg hatching cabinet, 98% of uninoculated chicks were intestinally colonized with Salmonella after the birds were held 1 wk in isolation cabinets. This hatchery-acquired Salmonella substantially reduced the effectiveness of subsequent CE treatments to prevent Salmonella colonization of the young chicks. These studies demonstrate that control of Salmonella in hatching cabinets is critically important for control of Salmonella in broilers.
Malignant transformation of human fibroblasts caused by expression of a transfected T24 HRAS oncogene. (1989)

We showed previously that diploid human fibroblasts that express a transfected HRAS oncogene from the human bladder carcinoma cell line T24 exhibit several characteristics of transformed cells but do not acquire an infinite life-span and are not tumorigenic. To extend these studies of the T24 HRAS in human cells, we have utilized an infinite life-span, but otherwise phenotypically normal, human fibroblast cell strain, MSU-1.1, developed in this laboratory after transfection of diploid fibroblasts with a viral v-myc oncogene. Transfection of MSU-1.1 cells with the T24 HRAS flanked by two transcriptional enhancer elements (pHO6T1) yielded foci of morphologically transformed cells. No such transformation occurred if the plasmid containing T24 HRAS had only one enhancer or none at all or if the normal human HRAS gene was transfected in the pHO6 vector (pHO6N1). Cell strains derived from such foci expressed high levels of T24 HRAS product p21, formed colonies in soft agar at high frequency, proliferated rapidly in serum-free medium that does not support growth of the parental cell line, and formed progressively growing, invasive fibrosarcomas. These foci-derived T24 HRAS-transformed cell strains, as well as cells from the tumors derived from them, had the same near-diploid karyotype as that of the parental MSU-1.1 cells. Transfection of pHO6T1 into two other infinite life-span human fibroblast cell lines, cells that had not been transfected with v-myc, also resulted in malignant transformation, suggesting that the infinite life-span phenotype of MSU-1.1 cells, and not necessarily expression of the v-myc oncogene, was the factor that complemented T24 HRAS expression to cause malignant transformation.
Simultaneous stimulated Raman scattering and second harmonic generation in periodically poled lithium niobate (2005)

Simultaneous stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and second harmonic generation (SHG) are demonstrated in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN). Using a simple single-pass geometry, conversion efficiencies of up to 12% and 19% were observed for the SRS and SHG processes respectively. By changing the PPLN period interacting with the photonic crystal fibre based pump source and varying the PPLN temperature, the SHG signal was measured to be tunable from lambda =584 nm to lambda =679 nm. The SRS output spectrum was measured at lambda=1583 nm, with a spectral full-width at half-maximum of lambda =85 nm.
A Hierarchical Role for Classical Pathway Complement Proteins in the Clearance of Apoptotic Cells in Vivo (2000)

The strongest susceptibility genes for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in humans are null mutants of classical pathway complement proteins. There is a hierarchy of disease susceptibility and severity according to the position of the missing protein in the activation pathway, with the severest disease associated with C1q deficiency. Here we demonstrate, using novel in vivo models of apoptotic cell clearance during sterile peritonitis, a similar hierarchical role for classical pathway complement proteins in vivo in the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages. Our results constitute the first demonstration of an impairment in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages in vivo in a mammalian system. Apoptotic cells are thought to be a major source of the autoantigens of SLE, and impairment of their removal by complement may explain the link between hereditary complement deficiency and the development of SLE.
Preferred transduction with AAV8 and AAV9 via thalamic administration in the MPS IIIB model: A comparison of four rAAV serotypes (2015)

Sanfilippo syndrome type B (MPS IIIB) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAGLU) activity. Since early therapeutic intervention is likely to yield the most efficacious results, we sought to determine the possible therapeutic utility of rAAV in early gene therapy based interventions. Currently, the application of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors is one of the most widely used gene transfer systems, and represents a promising approach in the treatment of MPS IIIB. From a translational standpoint, a minimally invasive, yet highly efficient method of vector administration is ideal. The thalamus is thought to be the switchboard for signal relay in the central nervous system (CNS) and therefore represents an attractive target. To identify an optimal AAV vector for early therapeutic intervention, and establish whether thalamic administration represents a feasible therapeutic approach, we performed a comprehensive assessment of transduction and biodistribution profiles of four green fluorescent protein (GFP) bearing rAAV serotypes, -5, -8, -9 and -rh10, administered bilaterally into the thalamus. Of the four serotypes compared, AAV8 and -9 proved superior to AAV5 and -rh10 both in biodistribution and transduction efficiency profiles. Genotype differences in transduction efficiency and biodistribution patterns were also observed. Importantly, we conclude that AAV8 and to a lesser extent, AAV9 represent preferable candidates for early gene therapy based intervention in the treatment of MPS IIIB. We also highlight the feasibility of thalamic rAAV administration, and conclude that this method results in moderate rAAV biodistribution with limited treatment capacity, thus suggesting a need for alternate methods of vector delivery.
RF-Plasma Coupling Schemes for the SNS Ion Source (2003)

The ion source for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a radio‐frequency, multicusp source designed to deliver beams of 45 mA of H− with a normalized rms emittance of 0.2 π mm mrad to the SNS accelerator. RF power with a frequency of 2 MHz is delivered to the ion source by an 80‐kW pulsed power supply generating nominal pulses 1 ms in width with a 60‐Hz repetition rate. The ion source—designed, constructed and commissioned at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)—satisfies the basic requirements of commissioning and early operation of the SNS accelerator. To improve reliability of the ion source and consequently the availability of the SNS accelerator and to accommodate facility upgrade plans, we are developing optimal RF‐plasma‐coupling systems at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). To date, our efforts have focused on design and development of internal and external ion source antennas having long operational lifetimes and the development and characterization of efficient RF matching networks.
Characterization of cell membrane response to ultrasound activated microbubbles (2008)

Contrast agents for ultrasound imaging, composed of tiny gas microbubbles, have become a reality in clinical routine. They are extensively used in radiology for detection and characterization of various tumors and in cardiology for left ventricular opacification. Recent experimental studies showed that ultrasound waves in combination with contrast agent microbubbles increase transiently cell membrane permeability in a process known as sonoporation. This effect is thought to allow foreign molecules to enter the cell. In that context, we explored the cell membrane's responses to microbubbles' oscillations as the mechanism is not completely understood. Breast cancer cell line in combination with contrast microbubbles were used. Ultrasound was applied using a transducer of 1 MHz center frequency transmitting a 10-cycle burst of different acoustic pressures repeated every 100 mus. Patch-clamp technique in whole cell configuration was used to explore transmembrane ion exchange through the variations in membrane potential. To characterize the activated ion channels, the variations of the intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration were explored using a fluorescent marker. The results revealed that ultrasound stimulation induces a rapid hyperpolarization of cell membrane potential when the microbubble is in direct contact with the cell, but the potential returned to its initial value when ultrasound stimulation stopped. The change in cell membrane potential indicates the activation of specific ion channels and depends on the quality of microbubble adhesion to the cell membrane. Microbubbles were shown to induce a mechanical stretch activating BKca channels. Simultaneous Ca(2+) measurements indicate a slow and progressive Ca(2+) increase that is likely a consequence of BKca channels opening not a cause. These results demonstrate that microbubbles' oscillations under ultrasound activation entail modulation of cellular function and signaling by t- riggering the modulation of ionic transports through the cell membrane. Cells response to the mechanical stretch caused by gentle microbubble oscillations is characterized by the opening of BKca stretch channels and a Ca(2+) flux, which might potentially trigger other cellular responses responsible for membrane sonopermeabilization.
Vertical nanowire light-emitting diode (2004)

We report room-temperature, white-color electroluminescence in vertically oriented ZnO nanowires. Excitonic luminescence around 380 nm is observed as a shoulder on a broader defect-related band covering all of the visible range and centered at 620 nm. The ZnO nanowires are grown in a low-temperature process on SnO2-coated glass substrates, employing a technique that is suitable for large-area applications. The nanowires are robustly encapsulated in a thin polystyrene film deposited from high-molecular-weight solutions. Electron injection occurs through the transparent SnO2 layer, while hole injection is mediated by a p-doped polymer and an evaporated Au contact. Stable device operation is observed at ambient conditions on the time scale of 1 h.
Hi-vision optical video disc (1988)

The formats of the four signals recorded on the high definition optical video disk system are discussed. The first signal is a video carrier FM-modulated with a bandwidth-compressed signal for use in HDTV broadcasting through a satellite. The second is a pilot signal for turntable motor control and jitter compensation. The other two consist of PCM stereo sound, one using time-division and the other frequency-division multiplexing. The resulting disk offers high-definition pictures and high-fidelity sound, and has a playing time of 60 minutes (total for both sides).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Antiinflammatory Effects in Experimental Meningitis of Prokaryotic Peptides that Mimic Selectins (1993)

The lectin domains of two subunits of pertussis toxin, S2 and S3, share amino acid sequence similarity with the lectin domains of the eukaryotic selectin family. During inflammation, selectins appear on endothelial cells and promote recruitment of leukocytes by reversibly binding carbohydrates. Synthetic peptides representing the carbohydrate recognition domains of S2 and S3 competitively inhibited adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells in vitro. For some peptides, this antiinflammatory effect occurred without up-regulation of the function of the leukocyte integrin CD11b/CD18. Intravenous administration of peptides to animals with meningitis disrupted recruitment of leukocytes into the cerebrospinal fluid. These findings indicate that peptides derived from prokaryotic members of the selectin family have therapeutic antiinflammatory potential.
[The development of a RF electrical pole catheter for heart ablation]. (1999)

This article describes a RF electrical pole catheter for heart ablation. There is a device in the catheter, that can adjust the bending of the catheter tip on which there are a pair of electrical poles that is able to record and map the electrical potential of the heart, and to transfer 50 W electrical energy for focus ablution of heart disease.
Direct writing of planar waveguide power splittersanddirectional couplers using a focused ultraviolet laser beam (1997)

Planar waveguide power splitters and directional couplers have been fabricated in silica using a continuous wave UV laser beam. The performance in terms of size, excess loss and spectral response is similar to that obtained with other techniques, while the fabrication time per device is a few minutes.
Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of 5,6-Disubstituted Pyridin-2(1H)-one Derivatives as Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) Antagonists (2015)

We report the design and synthesis of novel 5,6-diarylated pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives as pharmacophoric PDE10A inhibitors. This highly potent molecular scaffold was developed from an inactive diarylpyridine-2-amine derivative 3b by extensive and systematic analogue synthesis and SAR analysis. Further optimization of the scaffold resulted in identification of pyridin-2(1H)-one 18b as a lead compound with good potency (IC50 = 1.6 nM) and selectivity (>6000-fold) over other related PDEs but with a poor pharmacokinetic profile. Careful metabolite profiling of 18b revealed that poor systemic exposure in rats (Cmax = 44 ng/mL; AUC0-t = 359 ng · h/mL) at 10 mg/kg was due to the formation of O-glucuronide conjugate by phase 2 metabolism. The structure of the glucuronide metabolite was confirmed by retention time and LC-MS/MS fragmentation matching with the synthetic glucuronide 26. The problem of low exposure of 18b was effectively addressed by its conversion to an acetate prodrug 25b, which upon oral dosing resulted in an improved pharmacokinetic profile (Cmax = 359 ng.h/mL; AUC0-t = 2436 ng.h/mL) and a desirable brain to plasma ratio of 1.2. The prodrug 25b showed good efficacy in selected rodent models of psychosis.
Two efficient connectionist schemes for structure preserving dimensionality reduction (1998)

We propose two neural-net-based methods for structure preserving dimensionality reduction. Method 1 selects a small representative sample and applies Sammon's method to project it. This projected data set is then used to train an MLP. Method 2 uses Kohonen's self-organizing feature map (SOFM) to generate a small set of prototypes which is then projected by Sammon's method. This projected data set is then used to train an MLP. Both schemes are quite effective in terms of computation time and quality of output, and both outperform methods of Jain and Mao on the data sets tried.
Combination of Multi-Agent Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks for the Monitoring of Cattle (2018)

Precision breeding techniques have been widely used to optimize expenses and increase livestock yields. Notwithstanding, the joint use of heterogeneous sensors and artificial intelligence techniques for the simultaneous analysis or detection of different problems that cattle may present has not been addressed. This study arises from the necessity to obtain a technological tool that faces this state of the art limitation. As novelty, this work presents a multi-agent architecture based on virtual organizations which allows to deploy a new embedded agent model in computationally limited autonomous sensors, making use of the Platform for Automatic coNstruction of orGanizations of intElligent Agents (PANGEA). To validate the proposed platform, different studies have been performed, where parameters specific to each animal are studied, such as physical activity, temperature, estrus cycle state and the moment in which the animal goes into labor. In addition, a set of applications that allow farmers to remotely monitor the livestock have been developed.
Lipid composition of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) and Trichoplusia ni (Tn) insect cells used for baculovirus infection (1998)

The lipid composition of two different insect cell lines from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) and Trichoplusia ni (Tn) which are established cell lines for infection with recombinant baculovirus was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The major phospholipids found were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the major mono-unsaturated fatty acids were oleic acid and palmitoleic acid, the major saturated fatty acid was stearic acid. The cholesterol to phospholipid ratio was demonstrated to be lower than in mammalian cell lines. Infection with a recombinant baculovirus Autographa californica resulted in increased levels of phosphatidylcholine in the insect cells. The baculovirus/insect cell system has become a popular system for heterologous protein production. Functional changes of membrane proteins produced in these two cell lines might be correlated to a different lipid profile of their cellular membranes.
Pulse-coupled neural nets: translation, rotation, scale, distortion, and intensity signal invariance for images (1994)

The linking-field neural network model of Eckhorn et al. [Neural Comput. 2, 293-307 (1990)] was introduced to explain the experimentally observed synchronous activity among neural assemblies in the cat cortex induced by feature-dependent visual activity. The model produces synchronous bursts of pulses from neurons with similar activity, effectively grouping them by phase and pulse frequency. It gives a basic new function: grouping by similarity. The synchronous bursts are obtained in the limit of strong linking strengths. The linking-field model in the limit of moderate-to-weak linking characterized by few if any multiple bursts is investigated. In this limit dynamic, locally periodic traveling waves exist whose time signal encodes the geometrical structure of a two-dimensional input image. The signal can be made insensitive to translation, scale, rotation, distortion, and intensity. The waves transmit information beyond the physical interconnect distance. The model is implemented in an optical hybrid demonstration system. Results of the simulations and the optical system are presented.
Supply Chain Optimization: Building the Strongest Total Business Network (1996)

As the myriad of companies that have recently downsized are coming to realize, it's difficult to pursue increased profits with reduced resources. Supply Chain Optimization outlines a strategy for overcoming this problem by breaking down the boundaries that have traditionally segregated supply chain participants from one another - fractionalizing their earning power. By analyzing the entire process, from initial supply to ultimate consumption, the authors help readers to identify the goals, avoid the pitfalls, and implement this new method of doing business
Cytokine production in the rheumatoid joint: implications for treatment. (1990)

Cytokines are protein mediators that play a part in inflammation, the immune response, cell growth, repair, and fibrosis. All of these are continuing processes in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and so it would be expected that many cytokines would be actively produced in RA joints. Here, the molecular strategies devised to study the possible role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of RA, are reviewed and some of the initial results described. The relative abundance of various cytokines is 'catalogued' and then attention is turned to an attempt to discover which cytokines are of major importance in the pathogenesis. Neutralising antibodies to cytokines were used for that purpose, and it was found that tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is one of the major signals regulating the production of interleukin-1 in the RA, but not in the osteoarthritic joint. To understand further the dynamics of the cytokine network localisation of the cytokine producing cells by immunostaining--for example, TNF alpha, is currently being established.
Distribution and effect of iodized poppyseed oil in the liver after hepatic artery embolization: experimental study in several animal species. (1993)

To define the intrahepatic distribution of iodized poppyseed oil and its effect on the liver, hepatic artery embolization (HAE) was performed in five mice, 12 rats, four rabbits, and 21 pigs with the iodized oil alone or in combination with gelatin sponge powder (GSPow) in three rats or gelatin sponge particles (GSPs) in nine pigs. All mice, rats, and rabbits underwent radiography of the upper abdomen and in vivo microscopy of the hepatic periphery during and immediately after injection and 1, 4, and 24 hours later. All pigs underwent angiography before and after HAE as well as measurement of portal venous pressure before HAE and 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes and 4 weeks after HAE. Follow-up radiographs were obtained in 18 pigs. HAE performed with the iodized oil only was well tolerated by the liver, even when high doses were used, likely because of continuous flushing of the sinusoids by high blood flow from peripheral arterioles. When HAE was performed with the iodized oil and GSPow, this blood flow ceased and necrosis developed. The degree of necrosis after HAE with the iodized oil in combination with GSPs was directly associated with the dose of iodized oil. HAE performed with GSPs only did not cause damage.
Localization of Amplitude-Panned Virtual Sources I: Stereophonic Panning (2001)

The localization of amplitude-panned virtual sources is investigated in a stereophonic setup with listening tests and with a model of directional hearing. The interaural time difference (ITD) cue is found to be consistent at low frequencies, which is in agreement with earlier studies. It is also shown that the high-frequency interaural level difference (ILD) cues roughly propose the same directions as low-frequency ITD cues. However, the ITD and ILD cues suggest different directions at most frequencies, and both cues deviate from general behavior near 1700 Hz.