gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pre-treatment microbial Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratio, determines body fat loss success during a 6-month randomized controlled diet intervention (2017)

On the basis of the abundance of specific bacterial genera, the human gut microbiota can be divided into two relatively stable groups that might have a role in personalized nutrition. We studied these simplified enterotypes as prognostic markers for successful body fat loss on two different diets. A total of 62 participants with increased waist circumference were randomly assigned to receive an ad libitum New Nordic Diet (NND) high in fiber/whole grain or an Average Danish Diet for 26 weeks. Participants were grouped into two discrete enterotypes by their relative abundance of Prevotella spp. divided by Bacteroides spp. (P/B ratio) obtained by quantitative PCR analysis. Modifications of dietary effects of pre-treatment P/B group were examined by linear mixed models. Among individuals with high P/B the NND resulted in a 3.15 kg (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.55; 4.76, P<0.001) larger body fat loss compared with ADD, whereas no differences was observed among individuals with low P/B (0.88 kg (95% CI: -0.61; 2.37, P=0.25)). Consequently, a 2.27 kg (95% CI: 0.09; 4.45, P=0.041) difference in responsiveness to the diets were found between the two groups. In summary, subjects with high P/B ratio appeared more susceptible to lose body fat on diets high in fiber and whole grain than subjects with a low P/B ratio.
Accessibility changes across the mouse Igh-V locus during B cell development (1998)

During their development, B and T lymphocytes are thought to undergo several cycles of chromatin remodeling at their antigen receptor loci that serve to regulate access of a common V(D)J recombinase to particular gene segments. We used germ-line transcription and susceptibility to DNasel as markers to examine tissue and stage-specific changes in chromatin structure surrounding genes of the VHJ558, VH10, and VHS107 families, whose members are located at discreet subregions of the locus. Germ-line VH transcripts from all three families were detectable at pro- and pre-B cell stages. Transcripts from the VH10 and VHS107 families, but not VHJ558, remained detectable at the immature and mature B cell stages. Unexpectedly, none of the germ-line VH loci examined were markedly nuclease sensitive, regardless of cell type or transcriptional activity. A modest degree of nuclease sensitivity was noted at the VHJ558 loci of pro-B and pre-B cells, however. Our data suggest that the entire Igh-V locus becomes accessible at early B cell stages, and returns thereafter to an inaccessible state. However, the timing of these accessibility changes does not occur uniformly across the VH array. These results imply that multiple long-range elements are involved in targeting VH genes for rearrangement.
How fresh is too fresh?: the live reef food fish trade in eastern Indonesia (1996)

Although the live reef food fish trade has become an increasingly &amp;quot;hot&amp;quot; topic in the environmental press in recent months, many of the sources reporting on this practice have tended to focus on issues related to the rampant use of sodium cyanide in the trade, rather than the more pressing matter of the looming potential for overexploitation engendered by this practice. Presented in this article is a brief overview of the live reef food fish trade as it is practiced in eastern Indonesia covering the methods used and economics, geographic extent and numerous deleterious effects of the fishery.
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase) and cardiovascular disease (2003)

Lp-PLA(2) is an enzyme with potentially multiple risks in atherosclerosis. In humans the weight of evidence suggests that it is a positive risk factor for coronary heart disease - an observation commensurate with its position in the direct pathological sequence leading from formation of oxidized LDL in the artery wall to cellular dysfunction and formation of lesions.
Rapid extraction of bacterial genomic DNA with guanidium thiocyanate (1989)

A method is described for the rapid isolation and purification of bacterial genomic DNA. A total of 215 bacterial strains representing species of Campylobacter, Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Legionella, Neisseria, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, were lysed with guanidium thiocyanate. DNA was prepared using just three other reagents and one high-speed centrifugation step. The method, which was applicable to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, eliminated endogenous nuclease activity and avoided the need for phenol, RNase and protease treatments. The DNA was of high purity, high molecular mass and double-stranded.
Theoretical study of the sequence selectivity of isolexins, isohelical DNA groove binding ligands. Proposal for the GC minor groove specific compounds. (1988)

International audience
Antinociceptive effects of N‐acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) peptidase inhibitors ZJ‐11, ZJ‐17 and ZJ‐43 in the rat formalin test and in the rat neuropathic pain model (2004)

The peptide neurotransmitter N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) acts as an agonist at group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). NAAG is inactivated by extracellular peptidase activity yielding glutamate and N-acetylaspartate. We recently developed a series of potent NAAG peptidase inhibitors, including ZJ-11, ZJ-17 and ZJ-43. In the present study, we examined the effects of intrathecally administered ZJ-11 and ZJ-17 and intravenously administered ZJ-11 and ZJ-43 in the rat formalin test (an inflammatory pain model) and in the rat partial sciatic nerve ligation model (a neuropathic pain model). Intrathecal injection of ZJ-11 or ZJ-17 or intravenous injection of ZJ-11 or ZJ-43 suppressed both phases of the agitation behaviour induced by paw formalin injection. Intrathecal and intravenous injection of ZJ-11 suppressed the expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity, induced by paw formalin injection, in laminae I-II in segments L4-L5 of the spinal cord, suggesting an action on sensory spinal transmission. Partial sciatic nerve ligation induced significant mechanical allodynia 7 days after the nerve injury. Intrathecal injection of ZJ-11 or ZJ-17 or intravenous administration of ZJ-11 or ZJ-43 attenuated the level of mechanical allodynia induced by this nerve ligation. These effects of intrathecally or intravenously administered ZJ compounds in both the formalin test and the partial sciatic nerve ligation model were completely antagonized by pretreatment with LY-341495, a highly selective group II mGluR antagonist. Thus, elevation of extracellular NAAG, induced by the inhibition of NAAG peptidase, activates group II mGluRs and produces an analgesic effect in neuropathic and inflammatory and pain models. In contrast, peptidase inhibition did not affect the threshold for withdrawal from a noxious mechanical stimulus or from an acute thermal stimulus in the hotplate test.
Architectures for multi-source multi-user video compositing (1993)

Video compositing is the editing and integrating of many video images into a single presentation. Several single-user compositing systems have already been suggested, but the multiple users problem remains unstudied. We propose two new architectures for digital video compositing in a multi-user environment that are both memory-efficient and can operate in real-time. We show that under hard throughput and bandwidth constraints, a memoryless solution for transferring data from many video sources to many users does not exist. We overcome this using (i) a dynamic memory buffering architecture; and (ii) a constant memory bandwidth solution that transforms the sources-to-users transfer schedule into 2 schedules, then pipelines the computation. The architectures support opaque overlapping of images, arbitrarily shaped images, and images whose shapes dynamically change from frame to frame.
Profoundly Reduced Neovascularization Capacity of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Derived From Patients With Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease (2004)

BM-MNCs isolated from patients with ICMP have a significantly reduced migratory and colony-forming activity in vitro and a reduced neovascularization capacity in vivo despite similar content of hematopoietic stem cells. This functional impairment of BM-MNCs from patients with ICMP may limit their therapeutic potential for clinical cell therapy.
The Relationship of Host Range, Physiology, and Genotype to Virulence on Cantaloupe in Pseudomonas syringae from Cantaloupe Blight Epidemics in France (2000)

ABSTRACT In 1993, a bacterial blight caused important losses of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis) in southwestern France and has now been reported in all cantaloupe-growing regions of France. The causal agent of this blight is Pseudomonas syringae, although on a worldwide basis this bacterium has not been a major pathogen of melon for over 50 years. To identify the pathovar of the cantaloupe pathogen, we employed biochemical tests, plasmid and chromosomal profiling, and host range studies for 23 strains from cantaloupe and 47 reference strains of 14 pathovars of P. syringae. Numerical analysis of 119 traits, serological typing, syringomycin production, and BOX-polymerase chain reaction profiles did not allow us to differentiate among pathovars related to P. syringae pv. syringae. Host range studies of cantaloupe and references strains on 18 plant species showed that virulence to sugar beet was a common feature of strains virulent on cantaloupe, but was not common to strains avirulent on cantaloupe. Virulence to other species of plants varied among strains, but the overall extent of the host range was proportional to aggressiveness to cantaloupe. We propose that the strains attacking cantaloupe in France be considered P. syringae pv. aptata and that adequate host range testing may reveal that this pathovar is the cause of cantaloupe blight reported in other parts of the world.
Oncoprotein Signalling and Mitosis (1997)

Studies of the roles of oncoproteins in cell cycle progression have concentrated on G1 because transformation is frequently associated with loss of G1 checkpoint control. However, it has become evident that G2 and mitotic checkpoints are often compromised in transformed cells and that many tumour suppressor proteins and oncoprotein kinases regulate and/or are activated in G2 and M. Disruption of p53 and ATM tumour suppressor protein functions can eliminate G2 and M checkpoints. The Src family kinases are activated in mitosis and collectively play an indispensable role in progression through G2/M. In addition, evidence suggests that Mos and elements of the Ras/Raf/MAPK cascade are also active in mitosis and appear likely to regulate G2 and/or M. Potential targets of these kinases include likely regulators of gene expression and microtubule dynamics such as Sam68 and Oncoprotein 18/stathmin. The ability of some oncoproteins to perturb orderly progression through both G1 and/or S and G2 and/or M is probably important for transformation.
Synergistic Effect Between Vapors of C-8514/Schering 36268 and Dichlorvos Against the Carmine Spider Mite (1966)

Journal Article Synergistic Effect Between Vapors of C-8514/Schering 36268 and Dichlorvos Against the Carmine Spider Mite Get access Volker Dittrich Volker Dittrich CIBA Limited, Agrochemical Division, Basle, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 59, Issue 4, 1 August 1966, Pages 893–896, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/59.4.893 Published: 01 August 1966 Article history Accepted: 10 March 1966 Published: 01 August 1966
Selective inhibitory activity of polyhydroxycarboxylates derived from phenolic compounds against human immunodeficiency virus replication. (1991)

Polyhydroxycarboxylates (MW: 3,800-14,000) derived from phenolic (PDP) compounds have been found to inhibit the cytopathicity of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in MT-4 cells at concentrations that are not toxic to the host cells. The PDP compounds also inhibited syncytium formation in cocultures of MOLT-4 cells with HIV-1- or HIV-2-infected HUT-78 cells. They also interfered with the binding of OKT4A/leu3a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the CD4 receptor, the binding of anti-gp120 mAb to HIV-1 gp120, and attachment of HIV-1 virions to MT-4 cells. The anti-HIV activity in this series of compounds can be ascribed to inhibition of the gp120-CD4 interaction and seems to depend on the presence of the anionic carboxylate groups. Their mechanism of action is similar to that of the heterogeneous polymer aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA).
Effects of Anti-transforming Growth Factor-β Antibody and Interleukin-2 in Tumor-bearing Mice (1993)

In previous studies we found that the immunosuppression seen in mice bearing Herpes virus type 2-transformed (H238) fibrosarcoma was likely to be due to tumor-derived transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). In vitro experiments showed that interleukin-2 (IL-2) and antibodies against TGF-beta could significantly counteract TGF-beta-induced depression in lymphocytes. The present study was performed to determine if the administration of polyclonal anti-TGF-beta antibody and recombinant IL-2, alone or in combination, could inhibit H238 tumor progression in vivo and to investigate possible mechanisms of action. The tumor cells were injected s.c. at 1 x 10(6) cells/mouse and treatments were given 1-10 days post-injection. In phase I, a total of 25,000 units of IL-2 (5,000 units/injection) and/or 900 ng of anti-TGF-beta (100 ng/injection) were administered i.p. per animal. Phase II was conducted similarly, except that each mouse received a total of 127,500 units of IL-2, either with or without the same amount of antibody. No treatment-related toxicity was noted. Tumor volumes were monitored for 16-18 days after tumor implantation. The H238 tumors in treated mice from both both phases grew as rapidly as, or significantly faster than, in untreated controls. Significant enhancement of tumor growth was found in the groups given IL-2 as a single agent, regardless of total dose. The combination of the higher IL-2 dose with anti-TGF-beta resulted in more rapid tumor progression than in animals given the antibody alone. Relative spleen weights, peripheral blood leukocyte counts, and the chemiluminescent oxidative burst of phagocytes were significantly elevated in all tumor-bearing mice, whereas T cell response to mitogenic stimulation was depressed. However, the oxidative burst capacity of spleen (but not blood) cells and natural killer cell cytotoxicity were markedly lower in the treated groups compared to nontreated tumor-bearing controls. In contrast, plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-2 were substantially higher in the group given both modalities (phase II) compared to the other treated groups. These findings show that anti-TGF-beta antibody, both with and without low-dose IL-2 regimens, can be safely administered in vivo. However, tumor growth was not delayed by the treatment protocols used. The induction of hyporesponsiveness in certain cell types may account, at least partly, for the enhancement seen in tumor progression.
Development of Korean next generation highspeed railway system (2010)

Japan, France and Germany have developed high speed railway systems based on their own technologies. Since April 2004, Korea has been operating KTX(Korea Train eXpress). Following the successful national R&D project, Korea has recorded remarkable technological progress. However, in order to see further progress, Korea needs to continuously develop the EMU(Electric Multiple Unit) type Korean next generation high speed railway system(HEMU-400X) that can effectively respond to rapidly changing global market demands. This paper shows the development processes and main characteristics of the HEMU-400X.
13C Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Using a Trimeric Gd3+ Complex as an Additive (2017)

Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is one of the most successful techniques that resolves the insensitivity problem in liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging (MRI) by amplifying the signal by several thousand-fold. One way to further improve the DNP signal is the inclusion of trace amounts of lanthanides in DNP samples doped with trityl OX063 free radical as the polarizing agent. In practice, stable monomeric gadolinium complexes such as Gd-DOTA or Gd-HP-DO3A are used as beneficial additives in DNP samples, further boosting the DNP-enhanced solid-state <sup>13</sup>C polarization by a factor of 2 or 3. Herein, we report on the use of a trimeric gadolinium complex as a dopant in <sup>13</sup>C DNP samples to improve the <sup>13</sup>C DNP signals in the solid-state at 3.35 T and 1.2 K and consequently, in the liquid-state at 9.4 T and 298 K after dissolution. Our results have shown that doping the <sup>13</sup>C DNP sample with a complex which holds three Gd<sup>3+</sup> ions led to an improvement of DNP-enhanced <sup>13</sup>C polarization by a factor of 3.4 in the solid-state, on par with those achieved using monomeric Gd<sup>3+</sup> complexes but only requires about one-fifth of the concentration. Upon dissolution, liquid-state <sup>13</sup>C NMR signal enhancements close to 20 000-fold, approximately 3-fold the enhancement of the control samples, were recorded in the nearby 9.4 T high resolution NMR magnet at room temperature. Comparable reduction of <sup>13</sup>C spin-lattice T<sub>1</sub> relaxation time was observed in the liquid-state after dissolution for both the monomeric and trimeric Gd<sup>3+</sup> complexes. Moreover, W-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data have revealed that 3-Gd doping significantly reduces the electron T<sub>1</sub> of the trityl OX063 free radical, but produces negligible changes in the EPR spectrum, reminiscent of the results with monomeric Gd<sup>3+</sup>-complex doping. Our data suggest that the trimeric Gd<sup>3+</sup> complex is a highly beneficial additive in <sup>13</sup>C DNP samples and that its effect on DNP efficiency can be described in the context of the thermal mixing mechanism.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complexes: beyond translation (2004)

Although aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are housekeeping enzymes essential for protein synthesis, they can play non-catalytic roles in diverse biological processes. Some ARSs are capable of forming complexes with each other and additional proteins. This characteristic is most pronounced in mammals, which produce a macromolecular complex comprising nine different ARSs and three additional factors: p43, p38 and p18. We have been aware of the existence of this complex for a long time, but its structure and function have not been well understood. The only apparent distinction between the complex-forming ARSs and those that do not form complexes is their ability to interact with the three non-enzymatic factors. These factors are required not only for the catalytic activity and stability of the associated ARSs, such as isoleucyl-, methionyl-, and arginyl-tRNA synthetase, but also for diverse signal transduction pathways. They may thus have joined the ARS community to coordinate protein synthesis with other biological processes.
Subatmospheric chemical vapor deposition ozone/TEOS process for SiO2 trench filling (1995)

Ozone/TEOS thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been investigated for SiO2 deposition on Si, using a cold-wall research reactor equipped to determine the effects of precursor concentration, deposition temperature (300–500 °C), and pressure (30–200 Torr) on deposition rates, etch rates, and step coverage in the regime of subatmospheric CVD (SACVD). Deposition rates first increase with substrate temperature then reach a maximum and finally decrease distinctly at higher temperatures, with the latter reflective of reactant depletion in the gas phase. Wet etch rates decrease at higher deposition temperature and higher ozone/TEOS ratio, indicating improved film quality under these conditions. Elevated deposition temperatures significantly improves step coverage in high-aspect-ratio trenches, but decreases deposition rates. Deposition rates increase and then saturate with TEOS concentration, suggesting rate-limited behavior associated with lack of ozone.
Purification and characterization of double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase from bovine nuclear extracts. (1994)

The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) adenosine deaminase (DRADA) deaminates adenosine residues to inosines and creates I-U mismatched base pairs in dsRNAs. Its involvement in RNA editing of glutamate-gated ion channel gene transcripts in mammalian brains has been proposed as one of the biological functions for this recently identified cellular enzyme. We purified a mixture of three forms, 93, 88, and 83 kDa, of bovine DRADA proteins, all likely to be active enzymes. We determined that DRADA has a native molecular mass of approximately 100 kDa, suggesting that the enzyme exists as a monomer. The purified enzyme was not inhibited by 2'-deoxycoformycin, a transition state analog inhibitor of adenosine deaminase and AMP deaminase, suggesting that the catalytic mechanism of DRADA might be different from that of other deaminases. DRADA binds specifically to dsRNA with a dissociation constant of 0.23 nM for a synthetic dsRNA, and the Michaelis constant is 0.85 nM. These values indicate that DRADA has a much higher affinity for its substrate than other deaminases such as adenosine deaminase and AMP deaminase. DRADA may need this extremely high affinity to catalyze efficiently the modification of relatively rare substrate RNAs in the cell nucleus.
Spin Relaxation in GaAs(110) Quantum Wells (1999)

We investigated electron spin relaxation time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}$ in $\mathrm{GaAs}/\mathrm{AlGaAs}$ (110) quantum wells (QWs), in which a predominant spin scattering mechanism [D'yakonov-Perel' (DP) mechanism] for conventional (100) QWs is substantially suppressed; ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}$ in (110) QWs was of nanosecond order at room temperature, more than an order of magnitude longer than that of the (100) counterpart. The mechanism responsible for the spin relaxation was examined by studying the quantized energy, electron mobility, and temperature dependences of ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}$. The results suggest that in the absence of DP interaction, electron-hole exchange interaction limits ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{s}}$ in a wide temperature range ( $\ensuremath{\sim}0--300\mathrm{K}$).