gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transformation of hematopoietic cells by the Ski oncoprotein involves repression of retinoic acid receptor signaling (1998)

The Ski oncogene has dramatic effects on the differentiation of several different cell types. It induces the differentiation of quail embryo cells into myoblasts and arrests the differentiation of chicken hematopoietic cells. The mechanism that Ski uses to carry out these disparate biological activities is unknown. However, we were struck by the similarity of these effects to those of certain members of the nuclear hormone receptor family. Both Ski and the thyroid hormone receptor-derived oncogene v-ErbA can arrest the differentiation of avian erythroblasts, and v-Ski-transformed avian multipotent progenitor cells resemble murine hematopoietic cells that express a dominant-negative form of the retinoic acid receptor, RARalpha. In this paper, we have tested the hypothesis that v-Ski and its cellular homologue c-Ski exert their effects by interfering with nuclear hormone receptor-induced transcription. We demonstrate that Ski associates with the RAR complex and can repress transcription from a retinoic acid response element. The physiological significance of this finding is demonstrated by the ability of high concentrations of a RARalpha-specific ligand to abolish v-Ski-induced transformation of the multipotent progenitors. These results strongly suggest that the ability of Ski to alter cell differentiation is caused in part by the modulation of RAR signaling pathways.
An efficient synthesis of florfenicol (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn efficient synthesis of florfenicolDoris P. Schumacher, Jon E. Clark, Bruce L. Murphy, and Peter A. FischerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 18, 5291–5294Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00305a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00305a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1281Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MULINEX: Multilingual Web Search and Navigation (1998)

MULINEX is a multilingual search engine for the WWW. During the phase of document gathering, the system extracts information about documents by making use of language identification, thematic classification and automatic summarisation. In the search phase, the users&amp;apos; query terms are translated in order to enable search in different languages. Search results are presented with a summary and information about the language and thematic categories to which the document belongs. Summaries and documents are translated on demand by making use of the LOGOS machine translation system. The system is to be deployed in the online services of Bertelsmann Telemedia and Grolier Interactive Europe, and supports French, German and English. The current MULINEX prototype is the first system for translingual information access integrating retrieval, summarisation and translation. Keywords translingual information retrieval, categorisation, summarisation, language identification, query translation, mac...
Intuitive and Interactive Manipulation of 3D Data Sets by Integrating Texture Mapping Based Volume Rendering into the OpenInventor Class Hierarchy. (1996)

: For the visualization of 3D datasets from medical imaging modalities (MR, CT, PET) a volume rendering technique based on the texture mapping hardware of highend workstations, as suggested by Cabral et al. [1], was implemented and integrated into the OpenInventor class hierarchy which allows for interactive and intuitive rendering of 3D medical datasets. By integrating a color editor for the direct manipulation of separate transfer functions for the RGB-Alpha channels and by integrating a method for the rendering of tagged volumes color and transparency of subvolumes with different tags can be manipulated separately and at interactive rates. In order to appropriately view the volume from inside several clipping planes, a method for changing the opacity of entire planes parallel to the viewport and a method for clipping a cube can be employed. Keywords: Volume Rendering, Texture Mapping, OpenInventor 1 Introduction An important prerequisite for the visualization of medical image data ...
Fuzzy Calibration of Magnetometer in Presence of Surgical Microscope (2005)

A method is presented for data-driven calibration of the magnetometer in an active handheld microsurgical instrument in the presence of a surgical microscope. The instrument is designed to provide tremor compensation during vitreoretinal microsurgery. An adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system is used to generate a calibration based on data points collected at random locations throughout the workspace. Inputs to the model include the tilt angle and the twist angle about the long axis of the instrument, obtained from accelerometer readings, and the azimuth of the apparent magnetic north, obtained from the magnetometer readings. The model outputs the true azimuth angle of the instrument. Results from preliminary testing of the method are presented.
Sequencing the Primordial Soup (2000)

Proteomics is the brute force attempt to systematically identify and map the total protein complement expressed by a genome or tissue. The intracellular protein differences between whole cells (diseased vs. healthy) or between other complex biological fluids are important to understanding protein function. Once the structure and interactions of all proteins are characterized — in physiological and pathological situations — therapeutic strategies can be more easily designed. Typically, these analyses are accomplished by 2D-gel electrophoresis for separation and quantitation, followed by Edman degradation and/or mass spectrometry (MS) for protein identification. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and/or nanospray ionization-MS are routinely used to identify tryptic maps of individual gel spots. Interfacing HPLC with electrospray ionization (ESI) on a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) offers an attractive alternative. When coupled with automated sample handling techniques, data-dependent scanning, and database searching, it can be used with or without preliminary protein separation (1D or 2D gels). Combining these automated capabilities and adapting the sensitivity of nanospray to an on-line nanoflow-HPLC/micro-ESI assembly interfaced with ion trap MS has resulted in an even more attractive and sensitive method for protein identification and characterization. The methodology developed can be used to analyze complex biological mixtures containing hundreds of proteins, covering a wide dynamic range of concentrations. Detection limits of approximately 50 attomoles make possible the identification of several co-migrating proteins present in a single Coomassie- or silver-stained gel spot.
The Bargaining Problem (1950)

A new treatment is presented of a classical economic problem, one which occurs in many forms, as bargaining, bilateral monopoly, etc. It may also be regarded as a nonzero-sum two-person game. In this treatment a few general assumptions are made concerning the behavior of a single individual and of a group of two individuals in certain economic environments. From these, the solution (in the sense of this paper) of classical problem may be obtained. In the terms of game theory, values are found for the game. См. также: Two-person cooperative games, автор - Джо Нэш.
Genome Sequencing of a Genetically Tractable Pyrococcus furiosus Strain Reveals a Highly Dynamic Genome (2012)

The model archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus grows optimally near 100°C on carbohydrates and peptides. Its genome sequence (NCBI) was determined 12 years ago. A genetically tractable strain, COM1, was very recently reported, and here we describe its genome sequence. Of 1,909,827 bp in size, it is 1,571 bp longer (0.1%) than the reference NCBI sequence. The COM1 genome contains numerous chromosomal rearrangements, deletions, and single base changes. COM1 also has 45 full or partial insertion sequences (ISs) compared to 35 in the reference NCBI strain, and these have resulted in the direct deletion or insertional inactivation of 13 genes. Another seven genes were affected by chromosomal deletions and are predicted to be nonfunctional. In addition, the amino acid sequences of another 102 of the 2,134 predicted gene products are different in COM1. These changes potentially impact various cellular functions, including carbohydrate, peptide, and nucleotide metabolism; DNA repair; CRISPR-associated defense; transcriptional regulation; membrane transport; and growth at 72°C. For example, the IS-mediated inactivation of riboflavin synthase in COM1 resulted in a riboflavin requirement for growth. Nevertheless, COM1 grew on cellobiose, malto-oligosaccharides, and peptides in complex and minimal media at 98 and 72°C to the same extent as did both its parent strain and a new culture collection strain (DSMZ 3638). This was in spite of COM1 lacking several metabolic enzymes, including nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and beta-glucosidase. The P. furiosus genome is therefore of high plasticity, and the availability of the COM1 sequence will be critical for the future studies of this model hyperthermophile.
Estudio de las condiciones de utilización de hornos industriales de radiofrecuencias y microondas en España y sus efectos sobre la salud (1995)

Sumario: Como consecuencia del estudio piloto realizado por el CNNT en 1990, se comprobó, tras efectuar mediciones en distintas empresas, que los puestos de trabajo, más directamente afectados por la exposición a radiaciones, eran los de alimentación, mantenimiento y recogida del producto en hornos industriales de radiofrecuencias y microondas. En este tipo de hornos, las causas más probables de exposición a radiaciones son la eventual existencia de fugas en juntas o portillos y las posibles aproximaciones de los trabajadores a las fuents de emisión. Ambas circunstancias pueden ser corregidas con medidas de fácil aplicación y sin grandes costes. A la vista de estos datos, se contempló la conveniencia de poner en marcha un Proyecto Nacional, que estudiase los problemas inherentes a este tipo de instalaciones, para lo cual había que conseguir una información a nivel general y diseñar una estrategia de actuación acompañadas de los equipos y métodos de medida oportunos para completar la labor de campo necesaria. Así quedó programado el Proyecto Nacional 517, con el mismo título que sirve de encabezamiento al presente artículo
Correlation between retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and retinal sensitivity (2008)

Structure-function associations may be strong when loss of nerve fibres is severe. However, significant reduction in retinal sensitivity does not emerge until the atrophy of nerve fibres is severe.
Effects of TNF-α on Expression of ICAM-1 in Human Airway Epithelial Cells In Vitro : Signaling Pathways Controlling Surface and Gene Expression (2000)

Signaling pathways associated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) surface and gene expression were investigated in well differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells in air-liquid interface primary culture. Cells were exposed to human recombinant TNF-alpha (hrTNF-alpha; 0.015 to 150 ng/ml [specific activity, 2.86 x 10(7) U/mg]). TNF-alpha enhanced ICAM-1 surface expression (measured by flow cytometry) and steady-state messenger RNA (mRNA) levels (assessed by Northern hybridization) in concentration- and time-dependent manners. TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 surface and gene expression were both blocked by the RNA polymerase II inhibitor actinomycin D (0.1 microg/ml), and surface expression was attenuated by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody directed against the TNF-alpha receptor p55 (TNF-RI). The intracellular signaling pathway leading to enhanced expression appeared to involve activation of a phospholipase C that hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine (PC-PLC) because D609, a specific PC-PLC inhibitor, attenuated TNF-alpha-induced increases in production of diacyl-glycerol (DAG), a hydrolysis product of PC-PLC, and also attenuated TNF-alpha enhancement of ICAM-1 surface and gene expression. Because DAG formed by action of PC-PLC can activate protein kinase C (PKC), involvement of PKC was investigated. The specific PKC inhibitor calphostin C blocked both surface and gene expression of ICAM-1 in response to TNF-alpha in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, TNF-alpha stimulated binding of p65 and/or c-rel complexes to the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB consensus binding site found on the ICAM-1 promoter, and binding of these complexes was inhibited by D609. The results support the following pathway, whereby TNF-alpha enhances expression of ICAM-1 in NHBE cells: TNF-alpha --> TNF-RI --> PC-PLC --> DAG --> PKC --> (NF-kappaB?) --> ICAM-1 mRNA --> ICAM-1 surface expression.
Fourier Transform Mechanical Analysis and Phenomenological Representation of Viscoelastic Material Behavior (1990)

Fourier transform mechanical analysis (FTMA) measures material properties over broad frequency spectra byusing random noise input. Modulus-frequency isotherms are obtained in just a few seconds. FTMA is superior for characterizing moisture and additive effects because it can be carried out with minimal temperature and moisture changes. Data are obtained over a series of temperatures and then regressed with an analytical sigmoid-shaped function for modulus-temperature responses. This yields parameters with clear, distinct physical meaning which can be correlated with material variables. The groundwork needed for comprehensive studies of moisture and plasticizers in viscoelastic behavior is provided.
Determination of Antibody-Hapten Association Kinetics: A Simplified Experimental Approach (1975)

Abstract A simplified method has been developed for the determination of antibody-hapten association kinetics that permits the study of high affinity interactions with second order forward rate constants of the order of 107 to 108 M-1 sec-1. Use of tritiated haptens of high specific activity and antibodies of high affinity allows reactions to be run at initial hapten and antibody concentrations of the order of 10-9 to 10-10 M, well below the level at which mixing becomes the rate-limiting step. Separation of antibody-bound from free hapten by the use of dextran-coated charcoal can be carried out with sufficient rapidity (2 sec) that the systems under investigation are not appreciably disturbed. With this technique, the association of 3H-ouabain with rabbit ouabain-specific antibody was found to occur with a rate constant of 0.8 × 107 M-1 sec-1, similar to association rates of dye haptens with antibodies of substantially lower affinity. The ratio of this association rate constant to the independently determined dissociation rate constant was 5.4 × 109 M-1, in satisfactory agreement with a k0 value of 3.5 × 109 M-1 determined by Sips analysis of data obtained under equilibrium conditions. This approach should be applicable to the direct kinetic assessment of numerous high affinity antibody-hapten systems of current interest.
Peptide inhibitor of complement C1 modulates acute intravascular hemolysis of mismatched red blood cells in rats (2016)

These results demonstrate that PIC1 has efficacy in an animal model of acute intravascular hemolysis in both prevention and rescue scenarios.
Antitumor Activity of Liposome-Encapsulated Doxorubicin in Advanced Breast Cancer: Phase II Study (1990)

Previous studies in animals have demonstrated liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin (LED) has substantially less cardiac toxicity than free doxorubicin but retains antitumor activity. In a phase I clinical study of LED, the maximum tolerated dose was 90 mg/m2 and dose-limiting toxicity was considered to have been reached when granulocytopenia was produced. We used LED to treat 20 patients with advanced, measurable breast cancer. LED was given at doses of 60-75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks as an intravenous infusion. Regression of disease was objectively measured in nine patients; in five of these patients, complete regression of the index lesion occurred. The mean duration of the responses was 7 months. Hematologic toxicity consisted of grade 1-2 leukopenia in some patients. Gastrointestinal toxicity and mucositis were generally mild and tolerable. Alopecia occurred in all patients and usually was complete. Twelve patients received cumulative doses of LED of greater than 400 mg/m2 and were evaluated with radionuclide ventriculograms. In eight patients, the cumulative dose was greater than 500 mg/m2, and five had endomyocardial biopsies. Four of these biopsy results were Billingham grade 0, while one (cumulative LED dose, 750 mg/m2) showed grade 1 changes with mild myofibrillar loss and dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum involving less than 5% of cardiac myocytes. Two patients had decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction. One of these patients had received a total dose of LED of 630 mg/m2 and had a decline of 13% in left ventricular ejection fraction, but had no clinical evidence of congestive heart failure and had a Billingham grade 0 endomyocardial biopsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Identifying genomic and metabolic features that can underlie early successional and opportunistic lifestyles of human gut symbionts (2012)

We lack a deep understanding of genetic and metabolic attributes specializing in microbial consortia for initial and subsequent waves of colonization of our body habitats. Here we show that phylogenetically interspersed bacteria in Clostridium cluster XIVa, an abundant group of bacteria in the adult human gut also known as the Clostridium coccoides or Eubacterium rectale group, contains species that have evolved distribution patterns consistent with either early successional or stable gut communities. The species that specialize to the infant gut are more likely to associate with systemic infections and can reach high abundances in individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), indicating that a subset of the microbiota that have adapted to pioneer/opportunistic lifestyles may do well in both early development and with disease. We identified genes likely selected during adaptation to pioneer/opportunistic lifestyles as those for which early succession association and not phylogenetic relationships explain genomic abundance. These genes reveal potential mechanisms by which opportunistic gut bacteria tolerate osmotic and oxidative stress and potentially important aspects of their metabolism. These genes may not only be biomarkers of properties associated with adaptation to early succession and disturbance, but also leads for developing therapies aimed at promoting reestablishment of stable gut communities following physiologic or pathologic disturbances.
EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION OF HETEROTROPHY IN A GREEN ALGA (2012)

Laboratory populations of a green alga cultured in the dark with an organic substrate evolved into efficient heterotrophs with faster growth, higher fitness, and increased responsiveness to substrate concentration. Their phenotypes were almost entirely attributable to selection, rather than to history or ancestry. The fitness of evolved lines in the light was uniformly depressed, presumably through the accumulation of conditionally deleterious genes governing photosynthesis. Some evolved lines were no longer able to grow in the light and are thereby permanently isolated from their ancestors. Specialized autotrophs and heterotrophs may often evolve in algae through long-term shifts in the conditions of growth.
CD8 T cell clones inhibit antitumor T cell function by secreting IL-10 (1995)

We have reported that in irradiated, long-term surviving RFM strain of mice there is enhanced kinetics of tumor development upon challenge with RFM lymphoma cells. We reported that we cloned splenic oncofetal (OFA)-specific, noncytotoxic CD8+ T cells from such mice. These noncytotoxic CD8+ T cell clones secrete a factor upon Ag stimulation that inhibits the ability of OFA-specific RFM cytotoxic T (TC) cell clones from killing 5T RFM lymphoma cells in vitro. These supernatants do not inhibit the tumor cell-induced proliferation of the TC cell clones however. We report here that OFA-stimulated, RFM-noncytotoxic CD8 T cell clone culture supernatants also inhibit IFN-gamma-secretion by stimulated CD4 and CD8 RFM anti-OFA effector T cell clones in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitor in those culture supernatants acts in neither an Ag-specific nor MHC-restricted manner. We find that the culture supernatants of OFA-stimulated, noncytotoxic CD8 T cell clones contain IL-10, while those from OFA-stimulated, RFM OFA-specific TC cell clones do not. We show that monoclonal anti-IL-10 Ab specifically blocks the inhibition of cytotoxic activity and IFN-gamma secretion by OFA-specific CD8 and CD4 effector T cell clones in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Incorporation of anti-IL-10 Ab into the cytotoxicity assays of the OFA-specific, noncytotoxic CD8+ T cell clones against 5T tumor cells restores their cytotoxic activity. This may suggest that one way of inducing anergic T cells is by induction of IL-10 secretion.
Keratinocyte Allografts Accelerate Healing of Split-Thickness Donor Sites (1993)

Grafting with split-thickness autograft skin remains the most effective method for treating burn wounds. When insufficient donor sites are present, decreasing the time required for healing of available donor sites permits more frequent reharvests to continue the grafting process. Cultured human keratinocytes speed wound healing by providing cover and by producing growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins. In this study we compare the rates of healing induced by allografts of cultured keratinocytes applied to split-thickness donor sites with healing by a standard treatment. Sheets of cultured human keratinocytes derived from neonatal foreskins are applied to a portion of a split-thickness donor site while the remainder is covered with a temporary skin substitute. The wound is inspected at 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 17, 20, and 23 days. Biopsies are obtained at 7 days for light and electron microscopy. In 10 patients the average time to healing for sites covered with keratinocytes was 6.6 +/- 1.96 days compared with 12.6 +/- 4.32 days for control sites (p < 0.002). By day 7 most keratinocyte-covered sites showed reepithelization with the formation of a basement membrane and hemidesmosomes at the dermal-epidermal junction. Control areas were unhealed without epithelial coverage. The reepithelized donor sites from three patients treated with cultured keratinocytes were reharvested. In each case these grafts took, and they were equivalent to skin used from donor sites harvested for the first time. Keratinocyte allografts speed healing of split-thickness donor sites, thereby increasing the availability of autograft skin for burn wound coverage.