gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescence and Energy Transfer of Eu- and Mn-Coactivated CaAl2Si2O8 as a Potential Phosphor for White-Light UVLED (2005)

A series of Eu2+- and Mn2+-coactivated CaAl2Si2O8 phosphors have been synthesized at 1400 °C under a reduced atmosphere and their luminescence properties have been investigated as a function of activator and coactivator concentrations. We have discovered that energy transfers from Eu2+ to Mn2+ by directly observing significant overlap of the excitation spectrum of Mn2+ and the emission spectrum of Eu2+ as well as the systematic relative decline and growth of emission bands of Eu2+ and Mn2+, respectively. The critical distance and average separation of Eu2+ and Mn2+ have also been calculated. By utilizing the principle of energy transfer, we have also demonstrated that with appropriate tuning of activator content CaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphors exhibit great potential to act as a phosphor for white-light ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UVLEDs).
Silver-Molecule Separation Dependence of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (1981)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from a layer of organic molecules adsorbed on aluminum oxide and covered by a controlled-roughness silver film has been studied. The molecule-silver distance dependence of the Raman-scattering enhancement by the surface was measured in four separate experiments. Large enhancements (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{3}$) persist in our samples for molecule-silver separation as large as 100 \AA{}, and thus the use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering is shown to be a viable technique for vibrational spectroscopy of a large variety of interface systems.
The Thermal Stability of the Fusarium solani pisi Cutinase as a Function of pH (2001)

We have investigated the thermal stability of the Fusarium solani pisi cutinase as a function of pH, in the range from pH 2-12. Its highest enzymatic activity coincides with the pH-range at which it displays its highest thermal stability. The unfolding of the enzyme as a function of pH was investigated by microcalorimetry. The ratio between the calorimetric enthalpy (DeltaH(cal)) and the van't Hoff enthalpy (DeltaH(v)) obtained, is far from unity, indicating that cutinase does not exhibit a simple two state unfolding behaviour. The role of pH on the electrostatic contribution to the thermal stability was assessed using TITRA. We propose a molecular interpretation for the pH-variation in enzymatic activity.
Synthesis of new 1‐[4‐methane(amino)sulfonylphenyl)]‐5‐[4‐(aminophenyl)]‐3‐trifluoromethyl‐1H‐pyrazoles (2008)

Abstract magnified image A regiospecific cyclization‐dehydration reaction of a 1‐[(4‐( N ‐alkyl‐ N ‐( tert ‐butyloxycarbony)amino)‐phenyl]‐4,4,4‐trifluorobutane‐1,3‐done with a 4‐aminosulfonyl‐, or 4‐methylsulfonyl‐, phenylhydrazine hydrochloride in refluxing ethanol proceeded with simultaneous loss of the N‐tert ‐butyloxycarbonyl protecting group to afford a group of 1‐(4‐methanesulfonylphenyl or 4‐aminosulfonylphenyl)‐5‐[4‐( N ‐alkylaminophenyl)]‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐11 H ‐pyrazoles(6). Subsequent reaction of the pyrazole 6 (R 1 = R 2 = Me) with nitric oxide (40 psi) proceeded via a N ‐methylamino‐ N ‐diazen‐1‐ium‐1,2‐diolate intermediate that undergoes protonation of the more basic diazen‐1‐ium‐1,2‐diolate N 2 ‐nitrogen and then loss of a nitroxyl (HNO) species to furnish the N ‐nitroso product 7.
Improving pore interconnectivity in polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering (2009)

A new scaffold fabrication technique aiming to enhance pore interconnectivity for tissue engineering has been developed. Medical grade poly(lactic acid) was utilized to generate scaffolds by a solvent-evaporating/particulate-leaching technique, using a new dual-porogen system. Water-soluble sodium chloride particles were used to control macro-pore size in the range 106-255 microm, while organic naphthalene was utilized as a porogen to increase pore interconnections. The three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the scaffolds manufactured with and without naphthalene was examined by optical coherence tomography and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were characterized by compression tests. MG63 osteoblast cells were seeded in the scaffolds to study the cell attachment and viability evaluated by confocal microscopy. It was revealed that introducing naphthalene as the second porogen in the solvent-evaporating/particulate-leaching process resulted in improvement of the pore interconnectivity. Cells grew in both scaffolds fabricated with and without naphthalene. They exhibited strong green fluorescence when using a live/dead fluorescent dye kit, indicating that the naphthalene in the scaffold process did not affect cell viability.
Functional expression of a biologically active fragment of soluble gp130 as an ELP-fusion protein in transgenic plants: purification via inverse transition cycling (2006)

In murine models of Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and colon cancer, IL-6 (interleukin-6) signalling via the sIL-6R (soluble IL-6 receptor; termed IL-6 trans-signalling) has been shown to promote the pathology associated with these conditions. These detrimental activities can, however, be selectively blocked by soluble forms of the gp130 (glycoprotein 130) receptor. Although sgp130 (soluble gp130) therefore represents a viable therapeutic modality for the treatment of these conditions, the mass manufacture of such biologics is often expensive. The advent of molecular farming has, however, provided an extremely cost-effective strategy for the engineering of recombinant proteins. Here, we describe the expression and production of a biologically active sgp130 variant that is expressed in transgenic tobacco plants as an ELP (elastin-like peptide)-fusion protein (mini-gp130-ELP). Mini-gp130-ELP consists of the first three domains of gp130 (Ig-like domain and cytokine binding module) fused to 100 repeats of ELP. Expression of mini-gp130-ELP did not affect the growth rate or morphology of the transgenic plants, and purification was achieved using inverse transition cycling. This approach led to an overall yield of 141 microg of purified protein per g of fresh leaf weight. The purified mini-gp130-ELP specifically inhibited sIL-6R-mediated trans-signalling as measured by binding to the IL-6-sIL-6R complex and through its ability to block sIL-6R-mediated activation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) phosphorylation and proliferation in human hepatoma cells and murine pre-B-cells. Consequently, the present study validates the potential application of molecular farming in transgenic tobacco plants as a strategy for the expression and purification of therapeutically advantageous biologics such as sgp130.
Steroidal and Nonsteroidal Drugs in Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis (1994)

Various classes of anti-inflammatory compounds like steroids (dexamethasone), cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin and flurbiprofen), 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors (BWA 218C and BWA 4C), immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporin and rapamycin) and cod liver oil were tested for their antiinflammatory activities in endotoxin-induced uveitis model in rabbits. Intraocular inflammation was assessed in terms of two inflammatory responses i.e. breakdown of blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) and leukocyte infiltration into aqueous humor and iris ciliary body (ICB). Prostaglandin (PG) E2 and leukotriene (LT) B4 release into aqueous humor was also measured. Indomethacin significantly inhibited PGE2 release without affecting leukocyte or BAB response. Flurbiprofen prevented leukocyte, PGE2 and LTB4 release into aqueous humor but not ICB chemotaxis. BWA 218C and BWA 4C also significantly inhibited leukocyte and LTB4 release but not BAB responses. Dexamethasone (2mg/kg, i.m.) and cyclosporin A (25 mg/kg i.m.) significantly inhibited leukocyte infiltration into aqueous humor and ICB, and PGE2 release but they failed to inhibit breakdown of BAB and LTB4 release. On the other hand, rapamycin (10mg/kg i.m.) and cod liver oil (1 ml daily i.m. up to 15 days) significantly prevented leukocyte and BAB response. Cod liver oil also significantly inhibited PGE2 and LTB4 release but rapamycin affected only PGE2 release into aqueous humor. It is concluded that arachidonic acid metabolites may not play a vital role in this uveitis model and additional proinflammatory mediators like cytokines may be involved.
Channel estimation for OFDM systems with transmitter diversity in mobile wireless channels (1999)

Transmitter diversity is an effective technique to improve wireless communication performance. In this paper, we investigate transmitter diversity using space-time coding for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in high-speed wireless data applications. We develop channel parameter estimation approaches, which are crucial for the decoding of the space-time codes, and we derive the MSE bounds of the estimators. The overall receiver performance using such a transmitter diversity scheme is demonstrated by extensive computer simulations. For an OFDM system with two transmitter antennas and two receiver antennas with transmission efficiency as high as 1.475 bits/s/Hz, the required signal-to-noise ratio is only about 7 dB for a 1% bit error rate and 9 dB for a 10% word error rate assuming channels with two-ray, typical urban, and hilly terrain delay profiles, and a 40-Hz Doppler frequency. In summary, with the proposed channel estimator, combining OPDM with transmitter diversity using space-time coding is a promising technique for highly efficient data transmission over mobile wireless channels.
Repression of gene expression upon infection of cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 mutants impaired for immediate-early protein synthesis (1997)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) mutants defective in immediate-early (IE) gene expression do not readily enter productive replication after infection of tissue culture cells. Instead, their genomes are retained in a quiescent, nonreplicating state in which the production of viral gene products cannot be detected. To investigate the block to virus replication, we used the HSV-1 triple mutant in1820K, which, under appropriate conditions, is effectively devoid of the transactivators VP16 (a virion protein), ICP0, and ICP4 (both IE proteins). Promoters for the HSV-1 IE ICP0 gene or the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major IE gene, cloned upstream of the Escherichia coli lacZ coding sequences, were introduced into the in1820K genome. The regulation of these promoters and of the endogenous HSV-1 IE promoters was investigated upon conversion of the virus to a quiescent state. Within 24 h of infection, the ICP0 promoter became much less sensitive to transactivation by VP16 whereas the same element, when used to transform Vero cells, retained its responsiveness. The HCMV IE promoter, which is not activated by VP16, also became less sensitive to the HCMV functional homolog of VP16. Both elements remained available for transactivation by HSV-1 IE proteins at 24 h postinfection, showing that the in1820K genome was not irreversibly inactivated. The promoters controlling the HSV-1 ICP4, ICP22, and ICP27 genes also became essentially unresponsive to transactivation by VP16. The ICP0 promoter was induced when hexamethylene bisacetamide was added to cultures at the time of infection, but the response to this agent was also lost by 24 h after infection. Therefore, promoter elements within the HSV-1 genome are actively repressed in the absence of IE gene expression, and repression is not restricted specifically to HSV-1 IE promoters.
Oligomeric Recombinant H5 HA1 Vaccine Produced in Bacteria Protects Ferrets from Homologous and Heterologous Wild-Type H5N1 Influenza Challenge and Controls Viral Loads Better than Subunit H5N1 Vaccine by Eliciting High-Affinity Antibodies (2012)

Recombinant hemagglutinin from influenza viruses with pandemic potential can be produced rapidly in various cell substrates. In this study, we compared the functionality and immunogenicity of bacterially produced oligomeric or monomeric HA1 proteins from H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1203/04) with those of the egg-based licensed subunit H5N1 (SU-H5N1) vaccine in ferrets challenged with homologous or heterologous H5N1 highly pathogenic influenza strains. Ferrets were vaccinated twice with the oligomeric or monomeric rHA1 or with SU-H5N1 (Sanofi Pasteur) emulsified with Titermax adjuvant and were challenged with wild-type homologous (A/Vietnam/1203/04; clade 1) or heterologous (A/Whooperswan/Mongolia/244/2005; clade 2.2) virus. Only the oligomeric rHA1 (not the monomeric rHA1) immunogen and the SU-H5N1 vaccine provided protection against the lethality and morbidity of homologous and heterologous highly pathogenic H5N1. Oligomeric rHA1 generated more cross-neutralizing antibodies and higher levels of serum antibody binding to HA1, with stronger avidity and a better IgG/IgM ratio, than monomeric HA1 and SU-H5N1 vaccines, as determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Importantly, viral loads after heterologous H5N1 challenge were more efficiently controlled in ferrets vaccinated with the oligomeric rHA1 immunogen than in SU-H5N1-vaccinated ferrets. The reduction of viral loads in the nasal washes correlated strongly with higher-avidity antibodies to oligomeric rHA1 derived from H5N1 clade 1 and clade 2.2 viruses, as measured by SPR. This is the first study to show the role of antibody avidity for the HA1 globular head domain in reduction of viral loads in the upper respiratory tract, which could significantly reduce viral transmission.
NADP-Malate Dehydrogenase in the C4 Plant Flaveria bidentis (Cosense Suppression of Activity in Mesophyll and Bundle-Sheath Cells and Consequences for Photosynthesis) (1997)

Flaveria bidentis, a C4 dicot, was transformed with sorghum (a monocot) cDNA clones encoding NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH; EC 1.1.1.82) driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Although these constructs were designed for over-expression, many transformants contained between 5 and 50% of normal NADP-MDH activity, presumably by cosense suppression of the native gene. The activities of a range of other photosynthetic enzymes were unaffected. Rates of photosynthesis in plants with less than about 10% of normal activity were reduced at high light and at high [CO2], but were unaffected at low light or at [CO2] below about 150 [mu]L L-1. The large decrease in maximum activity of NADP-MDH was accompanied by an increase in the activation state of the enzyme. However, the activation state was unaffected in plants with 50% of normal activity. Metabolic flux control analysis of plants with a range of activities demonstrates that this enzyme is not important in regulating the steady-state flux through C4 photosynthesis in F. bidentis. Cosense suppression of gene expression was similarly effective in both the mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells. Photosynthesis of plants with very low activity of NADP-MDH in the bundle-sheath cells was only slightly inhibited, suggesting that the presence of the enzyme in this compartment is not essential for supporting maximum rates of photosynthesis.
17β‐Estradiol regulates the expression of endothelin receptor type B in the heart (2003)

(1) Little is known about the interaction of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and the vasoactive endothelin system in the heart. Endothelin signaling is activated in a failing heart and may contribute to myocardial dysfunction and remodeling. Therefore, we investigated the regulation of proteins of the endothelin system (ppET-1, ECE and ETA-R and ETB-R) in the hearts of female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with respect to E2. (2) Relative expression levels of the respective cardiac mRNA obtained from sham-operated, ovariectomized and ovariectomized E2-substituted SHR were quantified by real-time PCR. Ovariectomy led to a significant upregulation of the ETB-R mRNA (2.6+/-0.8-fold) in the left ventricular myocardium, which was not attendant with an alteration of ETA-R, ECE and ppET-1 mRNA expression. (3) An upregulation of the relative expression level of ETB-R protein due to ovariectomy was also demonstrated by radioligand binding assay. (4) Upregulation of both ETB-R mRNA and ETB-R protein expression was completely inhibited by E2 replacement. (5) To confirm these results in in vitro experiments, we quantified the mRNA of ET-R subtypes from isolated cardiomyocytes in the presence and absence of E2 (10-8 m, 24 h). Our data showed a markedly downregulated level of ETB-R mRNA in cardiomyocytes stimulated with E2. ETB-R downregulation was not attendant with the alteration of ETA-R, ECE and ppET-1 mRNA expression. (6) Taken together, these data demonstrate that estrogen regulates the expression of ETB-R in rat ventricular myocardium in vivo and in vitro. These observations may help to understand gender-based differences found in cardiovascular disease.
RNA-DNA Interactions and DNA Methylation in Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (1999)

Louise Jones, Andrew J. Hamilton, Olivier Voinnet, Carole L. Thomas, Andrew J. Maule, David C. Baulcombe, RNA-DNA Interactions and DNA Methylation in Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing, The Plant Cell, Vol. 11, No. 12 (Dec., 1999), pp. 2291-2301
Characterization of tellurium layers for back contact formation on close to technology treated CdTe surfaces (2003)

We have studied the contact formation on CdTe surfaces following the technologically applied procedure. The electronic properties of wet chemically etched CdTe surfaces has been investigated with photoelectron spectroscopy. For the characterization of the morphology, structure, and elemental distribution in the etched layer atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy have been used. Etching of the samples has been performed in air and in an electrochemistry chamber directly attached to the UHV system. In both cases the formation of an elemental polycrystalline Te layer with a thickness of about 80 Å is detected. For comparison, a thin Te layer has been deposited by physical vapor deposition onto a CdTe substrate. We determine a valence-band offset of ΔEVB=0.5±0.1 eV, independent of the preparation of the interface.
Predicting siRNA potency with random forests and support vector machines (2010)

The findings in this study should help design potent siRNAs for functional genomics, and might also provide further insights into the molecular mechanism of RNA interference.
Local-field enhancement on rough surfaces of metals, semimetals, and semiconductors with the use of optical second-harmonic generation (1984)

Optical second-harmonic generation was used to study the local-field enhancement due to surface roughness on various materials ranging from the alkalis to a semiconductor. The roughness morphology was standardized by evaporating each material onto the same chemically etched glass slide, having microstructures hundreds to thousands of angstroms in size. With the laser excitation at 1.06 \ensuremath{\mu}m, the observed second-harmonic enhancements for different materials varied from 27 to 1 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ times that of silver. They were in fair agreement with a simple model calculation assuming that the rough surface is composed of a distribution of noninteracting hemispheroids on a plane. The results are used to predict some rather substantial enhancements for surface Raman scattering for a number of substrate materials.
c-MPL provides tumor-targeted T-cell receptor-transgenic T cells with costimulation and cytokine signals (2017)

Adoptively transferred T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells depend on host-derived costimulation and cytokine signals for their full and sustained activation. However, in patients with cancer, both signals are frequently impaired. Hence, we developed a novel strategy that combines both essential signals in 1 transgene by expressing the nonlymphoid hematopoietic growth factor receptor c-MPL (myeloproliferative leukemia), the receptor for thrombopoietin (TPO), in T cells. c-MPL signaling activates pathways shared with conventional costimulatory and cytokine receptor signaling. Thus, we hypothesized that host-derived TPO, present in the tumor microenvironment, or pharmacological c-MPL agonists approved by the US Food and Drug Administration could deliver both signals to c-MPL-engineered TCR-transgenic T cells. We found that c-MPL<sup>+</sup> polyclonal T cells expand and proliferate in response to TPO, and persist longer after adoptive transfer in immunodeficient human TPO-transgenic mice. In TCR-transgenic T cells, c-MPL activation enhances antitumor function, T-cell expansion, and cytokine production and preserves a central memory phenotype. c-MPL signaling also enables sequential tumor cell killing, enhances the formation of effective immune synapses, and improves antileukemic activity in vivo in a leukemia xenograft model. We identify the type 1 interferon pathway as a molecular mechanism by which c-MPL mediates immune stimulation in T cells. In conclusion, we present a novel immunotherapeutic strategy using c-MPL-enhanced transgenic T cells responding to either endogenously produced TPO (a microenvironment factor in hematologic malignancies) or c-MPL-targeted pharmacological agents.
Pathogenesis of Macrophage Activation Syndrome and Potential for Cytokine- Directed Therapies (2014)

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is an acute episode of overwhelming inflammation characterized by activation and expansion of T lymphocytes and hemophagocytic macrophages. In rheumatology, it occurs most frequently in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and systemic lupus erythematosus. The main clinical manifestations include cytopenias, liver dysfunction, coagulopathy resembling disseminated intravascular coagulation, and extreme hyperferritinemia. Clinically and pathologically, MAS bears strong similarity to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and some authors prefer the term secondary HLH to describe it. Central to its pathogenesis is a cytokine storm, with markedly increased levels of numerous proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, TNFα, and IFNγ. Although there is evidence that IFNγ may play a central role in the pathogenesis of MAS, the role of other cytokines is still not clear. There are several reports of SJIA-associated MAS dramatically benefiting from anakinra, a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, but the utility of other biologics in MAS is not clear. The mainstay of treatment remains corticosteroids; other medications, including cyclosporine, are used in patients who fail to respond.