gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cobalt(III) complex-promoted hydrolysis of phosphate diesters: comparison in reactivity of rigid cis-diaquo(tetraaza)cobalt(III) complexes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCobalt(III) complex-promoted hydrolysis of phosphate diesters: comparison in reactivity of rigid cis-diaquo(tetraaza)cobalt(III) complexesJik Chin, Mariusz Banaszczyk, Vrej Jubian, and Xiang ZouCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1, 186–190Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00183a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00183a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1296Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stability of atropine in aqueous solution. (1957)

A kinetic study of the proton catalyzed hydrolysis of atropine has been carried out and the temperature dependency of this reaction established. The constants obtained for this reaction have been combined with those previously reported for the hydroxyl catalyzed reactions and an equation proposed to predict the half life of atropine undergoing hydrolysis at constant pH and temperature. The pH of minimum hydrolysis has been calculated and found to vary with temperature from pH 4.11 at 0° to pH 3.24 at 100°. Calculated half lives of atropine in solution over the region of pH 2 to 7 at temperatures from 20° to 100° are given.
Intestinally-restricted Janus Kinase inhibition: a potential approach to maximize the therapeutic index in inflammatory bowel disease therapy (2017)

Localized colonic JAK inhibition, by intracecal delivery of tofacitinib, provides colonic target engagement and efficacy in a mouse colitis model at doses which do not impact splenic NK cell counts. Intestinal targeting of JAK may permit separation of local anti-inflammatory activity from systemic immunosuppression, and thus provide a larger therapeutic index compared to systemic JAK inhibitors.
Effects of the new anti-lymphocytic peptide cyclosporin A in animals. (1977)

The fungus metabolite cyclosporin A is a small cyclic peptide acting as a novel antilymphocytic agent. It is effective following either parenteral or oral administration in mice, rats and guinea-pigs. The suppressive effect after short and prolonged treatment on plaque-forming cells, the inhibition of the secondary humoral response and the reversibility of its effect on haemagglutinin formation is demonstrated. Cyclosporin A inhibits delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction to oxazolone (primary and secondary responses) in mice and to tuberculin in guinea-pigs. Its failure to suppress antibody synthesis to lipopolysaccharide antigens in nude mice suggests a selective effect on T cells. High doses of the compound affect the haemopoietic tissues very weakly as shown by the bone marrow and stem cell numbers in mice, which finding markedly contrasts with most other immunosuppressive and cytostatic drugs.
A 2.14-GHz Chireix outphasing transmitter (2005)

A Chireix outphasing system for 2.14 GHz including two saturated class-B pseudomorphic high electron-mobility transistor power amplifiers (PAs) and a Chireix power-combining circuit is reported in this paper. In an outphasing system, an arbitrary input signal is divided into two constant envelope branches. The phase-only modulated branches are then amplified with high-efficiency nonlinear PAs. By controlling the phases of these branches, the original signal waveform can be reconstructed, ideally with high efficiency and perfect linearity. In this paper, the design and implementation of an experimental Chireix outphasing system for a wide-band code division multiple access 2.11-2.17-GHz downlink band is presented. The measured system efficiency for 7-dB backed-off quadrature phase-shift keying signal was 42.2% with a channel power of 31.2 dBm.
HTI-286, a synthetic analogue of the tripeptide hemiasterlin, is a potent antimicrotubule agent that circumvents P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance in vitro and in vivo. (2003)

Hemiasterlin is a natural product derived from marine sponges that, like other structurally diverse peptide-like molecules, binds to the Vinca-peptide site in tubulin, disrupts normal microtubule dynamics, and, at stoichiometric amounts, depolymerizes microtubules. Total synthesis of hemiasterlin and its analogues has been accomplished, and optimal pharmacological features of the series have been explored. The biological profile of one analogue, HTI-286, was studied here. HTI-286 inhibited the polymerization of purified tubulin, disrupted microtubule organization in cells, and induced mitotic arrest, as well as apoptosis. HTI-286 was a potent inhibitor of proliferation (mean IC(50) = 2.5 +/- 2.1 nM in 18 human tumor cell lines) and had substantially less interaction with multidrug resistance protein (P-glycoprotein) than currently used antimicrotubule agents, including paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinorelbine, or vinblastine. Resistance to HTI-286 was not detected in cells overexpressing the drug transporters MRP1 or MXR. In athymic mice implanted with human tumor xenografts, HTI-286 administered i.v. in saline inhibited the growth of numerous human tumors derived from carcinoma of the skin, breast, prostate, brain, and colon. Marked tumor regression was observed when used on established tumors that were >1 gram in size. Moreover, HTI-286 inhibited the growth of human tumor xenografts (e.g., HCT-15, DLD-1, MX-1W, and KB-8-5) where paclitaxel and vincristine were ineffective because of inherent or acquired resistance associated with P-glycoprotein. Efficacy was also achieved with p.o. administration of HTI-286. These data suggest that HTI-286 has excellent preclinical properties that may translate into superior clinical activity, as well as provide a useful synthetic reagent to probe the drug contact sites of peptide-like molecules that interact with tubulin.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and Its Derivatives: Past, Present, and Future (2000)

An overview of one of the most successful conducting polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) and its derivatives, is presented, detailing its early development, the synthesis of numerous hybrid and derivative materials, along with a description of the broad array of properties accessible and a description of a set of the more prominent applications in which they can be utilized. Synthetic flexibility and facility is the key to the many new 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene- (EDT-) based monomers, oligomers, and (co) polymers. These (co) polymers provide highly conducting and especially stable doped states, a range of optical properties with electronic bandgaps varying across the entire visible spectrum, and enhanced redox properties, making them useful for numerous electrochemical devices. Present and future applications for PEDT that are discussed include static charge dissipation films and electrode materials in solid electrolyte capacitors.
Frequently asked questions in hypoxia research (2015)

"What is the O<sub>2</sub> concentration in a normoxic cell culture incubator?" This and other frequently asked questions in hypoxia research will be answered in this review. Our intention is to give a simple introduction to the physics of gases that would be helpful for newcomers to the field of hypoxia research. We will provide background knowledge about questions often asked, but without straightforward answers. What is O<sub>2</sub> concentration, and what is O<sub>2</sub> partial pressure? What is normoxia, and what is hypoxia? How much O<sub>2</sub> is experienced by a cell residing in a culture dish in vitro vs in a tissue in vivo? By the way, the O<sub>2</sub> concentration in a normoxic incubator is 18.6%, rather than 20.9% or 20%, as commonly stated in research publications. And this is strictly only valid for incubators at sea level.
H+ back diffusion stimulating gastric mucosal blood flow in the rabbit fundus. (1981)

The effect of barrier breakers on gastric mucosal blood flow (MBF) has been disputed, but the influence of acid back diffusion alone has never been studied. In anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits, intramural pH (pHi) and gastric MBF were measured with an antimony microelectrode and with radioactive microspheres (51Cr, 85Cr, 141Ce), respectively. Innervated fundic pouches were perfused with solutions of varying [H+] at 37 degrees C. In the rabbit, back flux of H+ is linearly dependent on luminal [H+] and in the present studies a direct positive linear correlation was found between luminal [H+] and MBF (r = 0.97 P < 0.001) while pHi remained unchanged up to luminal [H+] of 80 mM. The usual 80% increase in MBF induced by 80 mM HCl was prevented by pretreatment with vasopressin, which decreased pHi and caused gross ulceration. Without vasopressin, [H+] of 120 mM HCl produced gross mucosal ulceration and a decrease in MBF and pHi. Our data suggest that back diffusion of H+ influences MBF in the rabbit. There is an increasing MBF caused by increasing luminal [H+] up to 80 mM, beyond which MBF decreases. When the balance between back diffusion and MBF is disturbed by a vasoconstrictor or a high luminal [H+], pHi decreases and gross ulceration occurs.
Antisense and Antigene Properties of Peptide Nucleic Acids (1992)

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are polyamide oligomers that can strand invade duplex DNA, causing displacement of one DNA strand and formation of a D-loop. Binding of either a T10 PNA or a mixed sequence 15-mer PNA to the transcribed strand of a G-free transcription cassette caused 90 to 100 percent site-specific termination of pol II transcription elongation. When a T10 PNA was bound on the nontranscribed strand, site-specific inhibition never exceeded 50 percent. Binding of PNAs to RNA resulted in site-specific termination of both reverse transcription and in vitro translation, precisely at the position of the PNA.RNA heteroduplex. Nuclear microinjection of cells constitutively expressing SV40 large T antigen (T Ag) with either a 15-mer or 20-mer PNA targeted to the T Ag messenger RNA suppressed T Ag expression. This effect was specific in that there was no reduction in beta-galactosidase expression from a coinjected expression vector and no inhibition of T Ag expression after microinjection of a 10-mer PNA.
Formation of Reactive Nitrogen Species during Peroxidase-catalyzed Oxidation of Nitrite (1997)

Involvement of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in inflammatory diseases has been implicated by detection of 3-nitrotyrosine, an allegedly characteristic protein oxidation product, in various inflamed tissues. We show here that nitrite (NO2-), the primary metabolic end product of nitric oxide (NO.), can be oxidized by the heme peroxidases horseradish peroxidase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lactoperoxidase (LPO), in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), to most likely form NO.2, which can also contribute to tyrosine nitration during inflammatory processes. Phenolic nitration by MPO-catalyzed NO2- oxidation is only partially inhibited by chloride (Cl-), the presumed major physiological substrate for MPO. In fact, low concentrations of NO2- (2-10 microM) catalyze MPO-mediated oxidation of Cl-, indicated by increased chlorination of monochlorodimedon or 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, most likely via reduction of MPO compound II. Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of NO2-, as indicated by phenolic nitration, was also observed in the presence of thiocyanate (SCN-), an alternative physiological substrate for mammalian peroxidases. Collectively, our results suggest that NO2-, at physiological or pathological levels, is a substrate for the mammalian peroxidases MPO and lactoperoxidase and that formation of NO2. via peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of NO2- may provide an additional pathway contributing to cytotoxicity or host defense associated with increased NO. production.
Pharmacology of apolipoprotein A-l (1997)

The role of HDL and its main protein component the apolipoprotein A-I as being antiatherogenic is well established. Experimental data give support for the involvement of at least three different types of mechanism: (1) the reverse cholesterol transport, (2) anti-inflammatory mechanisms and (3) antithrombotic mechanisms. Depending upon the stage and type of atherosclerosis, different mechanisms may be more or less important. Knowledge of pharmacology of apolipoprotein A-I has strongly increased during past years and clinical studies have started with infusions of apolipoprotein A-I phospholipid complexes.
Gene expression changes associated with progression and response in chronic myeloid leukemia (2006)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disease with distinct biological and clinical features. The biologic basis of the stereotypical progression from chronic phase through accelerated phase to blast crisis is poorly understood. We used DNA microarrays to compare gene expression in 91 cases of CML in chronic (42 cases), accelerated (17 cases), and blast phases (32 cases). Three thousand genes were found to be significantly (P < 10(-10)) associated with phase of disease. A comparison of the gene signatures of chronic, accelerated, and blast phases suggest that the progression of chronic phase CML to advanced phase (accelerated and blast crisis) CML is a two-step rather than a three-step process, with new gene expression changes occurring early in accelerated phase before the accumulation of increased numbers of leukemia blast cells. Especially noteworthy and potentially significant in the progression program were the deregulation of the WNT/beta-catenin pathway, the decreased expression of Jun B and Fos, alternative kinase deregulation, such as Arg (Abl2), and an increased expression of PRAME. Studies of CML patients who relapsed after initially successful treatment with imatinib demonstrated a gene expression pattern closely related to advanced phase disease. These studies point to specific gene pathways that might be exploited for both prognostic indicators as well as new targets for therapy.
Adenosine receptor activation in human fibroblasts: nucleoside agonists and antagonists (1980)

Adenosine (ED 50 15 μM) causes a 50-fold increase in intracellular cyclic AMP in the VA13 human fibroblast line. A total of 128 nucleosides was tested as agonists and antagonists. Eight classes of compounds were found: full agonists (14 compounds), weak agonists (20), high-efficacy partial agonists (16), low-efficacy partial agonists (7), competitive inhibitors (11), noncompetitive inhibitors (3), partial agonist - noncompetitive inhibitors (3), and inactive compounds (54). The noncompetitive inhibitors antagonized the responses to adenosine, isoproterenol, and prostaglandin E 1 and thus may have been adenylate cyclase inhibitors. The most potent noncompetitive inhibitor, 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine, was a partial inhibitor, reducing the response to isoproterenol by only 77% even at very high concentrations. The most potent agonists, partial agonists, and pure antagonists had apparent affinities of about 5 μM. Although all positions were important for affinity at the adenosine receptor, only the 3′- and 5′-positions and to a much lesser extent the 6- and 8-positions had an effect on efficacy. The receptor tolerated bulky groups at the 6-position of adenosine, had an ethyl-sized "pocket" near the 5′-position, and had little bulk tolerance towards modifications at other positions. Among the full agonists, only one 5′-derivative and one 2-position derivative had higher apparent affinity than adenosine. Studies with conformationally restricted agonists and antagonists showed that adenosine must be in the anti conformation in order to bind to the receptor.
Principles of Cultivar Development (2025)

Principles of Cultivar Development is intended to help you learn how to be a successful manager of a cultivar development program. In this text, you will apply the principles learned in Plant Breeding Methods to design a breeding program that makes effective use of available resources and alternative breeding strategies. By the end of this volume, readers will be able to describe the process for developing clonal, pure-line, hybrid, and synthetic cultivars. Each chapter includes additional readings and examples of how breeders have implemented the concepts in their breeding programs.
Isolation and Characterization of Calcifying Matrix Vesicles from Epiphyseal Cartilage (1970)

Matrix vesicles, associated with initial calcification in cartilage, have been isolated from bovine fetal epiphyseal cartilage. Cartilage was digested with collagenase, then partitioned into seven fractions by differential centrifugation. The cellular fractions contained over 80% of the DNA in the digest. The extracellular fraction that contained matrix vesicles, in which apatite crystals were often seen on electron microscopy, also displayed the highest specific activity for alkaline phosphatase, pyrophosphatase, ATPase, and 5'-AMPase (EC 3.1.3.1., 3.6.1.1, 3.6.1.3, and 3.1.3.5, respectively). Most of the acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) activity, on the other hand, was found in the cellular fractions, indicating that matrix vesicles are quite distinct from lysosomes. This appears to be the first instance of isolation of membrane-bounded extracellular particles from any normal tissue. The matrix vesicles possess enzymes that can increase the local concentration of orthophosphate and thus could lead to the formation of hydroxyapatite. The membrane-bounded matrix vesicles may also provide a mechanism for ATP-dependent transport of calcium or phosphate into the lumen of the vesicles with resultant mineralization.
Mathematical Modeling of Outflow Facility Increase With Trabecular Meshwork Bypass and Schlemm Canal Dilation (2015)

The study showed that creation of TM bypass and SC dilation significantly increased outflow facility, and the amount of increase correlated with the length of dilated regions in SC.
Grid Datafarm Architecture for Petascale Data Intensive Computing (2003)

The Grid Datafarm (Gfarm) architecture is designed for global petascale data-intensive computing. It provides a global parallel filesystem with online petascale storage, scalable I/O bandwidth, and scalable parallel processing, and it can exploit local I/O in a grid of clusters with tens of thousands of nodes. Gfarm parallel I/O APIs and commands provide a single filesystem image and manipulate filesystem metadata consistently. Fault tolerance and load balancing are automatically managed by file duplication or recomputation using a command history log. Preliminary performance evaluation has shown scalable disk I/O and network bandwidth on 64 nodes of the Presto III Athlon cluster. The Gfarm parallel I/O write and read operations has achieved data transfer rates of 1.74 GB/s and 1.97 GB/s, respectively, using 64 cluster nodes. The Gfarm parallel file copy reached 443 MB/s with 23 parallel streams on the Myrinet 2000. The Gfarm architecture is expected to enable petascale data-intensive Grid computing with an I/O bandwidth scales to the TB/s range and scalable computational power.
The Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine in Elderly Persons (1995)

Despite the paucity of randomized trials, many studies confirm that influenza vaccine reduces the risks for pneumonia, hospitalization, and death in elderly persons during an influenza epidemic if the vaccine strain is identical or similar to the epidemic strain. Influenza immunization is an indispensable part of the care of persons 65 years of age and older. Annual vaccine administration requires the attention of all physicians and public health organizations.
SOOTHING PAIN THE NATURAL WAY (2002)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSOOTHING PAIN THE NATURAL WAYDrugs targeting enzyme that turns off effects of lipid signaling molecules may provide reliefMANDA YARNELLView Author Information C&EN WASHINGTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2002, 80, 50, 32Publication Date (Print):December 16, 2002Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 16 December 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v080n050.p032https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v080n050.p032newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Neurophysiology,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Command surface controlled liquid crystalline waveguide structures as optical information storage (1994)

We report on optical waveguide structures in which light propagates within a liquid crystal (LC) thin film. In this configuration, the orientation, and therefore the optical properties of the LC waveguide structure are controlled by two photochromic command surfaces, consisting of an ultra thin film of a polymer with azobenzene side chains [K. Ichimura, Y. Suzuki, T. Seki, A. Hosoki, and K. Aoki, Langmuir 4, 1214 (1988)]. When exposed to light of appropriate wavelength, the azobenzene side chains undergo a trans↔cis photoisomerization process inducing a commensurate change in the LC alignment and therefore, in the set of refractive indices of the LC film. Using this effect we could reversibly write information into the LC cell. The size of our test structure was in the range of 50 μm. The stored information was read out by optical waveguide microscopy [W. Hickel and W. Knoll, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 1286 (1990)]; the storing times were in the range of several hours.