gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel method for the delivery of nitric oxide therapy to the skin of human subjects using a semi-permeable membrane (2001)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a mediator of essential biological processes, including vasodilatation, anti-microbial activity and wound healing. A chemical system using sodium nitrite and ascorbic acid has been developed which generates significant amounts of NO. The originally described system was messy and impractical, and the high acidity may cause pain and further tissue damage in ulcerated skin. To overcome this, a selectively permeable, hydrophilic polyester co-polymer membrane system (Sympatex™) has been identified that can be placed between the NO-generating chemicals and the skin. The aim of the present study was to determine whether NO derived from this chemical system was able to diffuse through the membrane and have a measurable vasodilatory effect on forearm skin in healthy volunteers. The Sympatex™ 10 μ m membrane was found to be highly permeable to NO, while preventing passage of the constituents of the NO-generation gel to the skin. The transmembrane NO-generation system had a vasodilatory effect comparable with that resulting from direct topical application. Additionally, the NO generated was effective in killing Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at doses lower than those required to increase skin blood flow. The vasodilatory and anti-microbial effects of this system may be useful as a patch-based topical therapy for skin ulceration, particularly when there is concomitant ischaemia and infection.
Construction and properties of a herpes simplex virus 1 designed to enter cells solely via the IL-13α2 receptor (2006)

Current design of genetically engineered viruses for selective destruction of cancer cells is based on the observation that attenuated viruses replicate better in tumor cells than in normal cells. The ideal virus, however, is one that can infect only cancer cells by virtue of altered host range. Such a virus can be made more robust than the highly attenuated viruses used in clinical trials. Earlier, we reported the construction of a recombinant herpes simplex virus 1 (R5111) in which the capacity to bind heparan sulfate was disabled and which contained a chimeric IL-13-glycoprotein D that enabled the virus to infect cells expressing the IL-13alpha2 receptor (IL-13Ralpha2) commonly found on the surface of malignant glioblastomas or high-grade astrocytomas. In the earlier report, we showed that the recombinant R5111 was able to enter and infect cells via the interaction of the chimeric glycoprotein D with IL-13Ralpha2 but that the virus retained the capacity to bind and replicate in cells expressing the natural viral receptors HveA or nectin-1. Here, we report the construction of a recombinant virus (R5141) that can only enter and replicate in cells that express the IL-13Ralpha2. The recombinant R5141 does not depend on endocytosis to infect cells. It does not infect cells expressing HveA or nectin-1 receptors or cells expressing IL-13Ralpha2 that had been exposed to soluble IL-13 before infection. The studies described here show that the host range of herpes simplex viruses can be altered by genetic manipulation to specifically target cancer cells.
An Amplitude and Phase Mismatches Calibration Technique for the LINC Transmitter With Unbalanced Phase Control (2011)

The linear amplifier with nonlinear components (LINC) is highly efficient because it uses a highly efficient nonlinear power amplifier (PA). However, the linearity performance of the LINC system is easily degraded by amplitude and phase mismatches between the two paths. In this paper, we propose a novel mismatch calibration technique for the LINC system that calibrates both phase and amplitude mismatches with only phase control. The technique detects mismatches between two paths without any iteration using predefined five test vector signals. In addition, this technique corrects the path mismatches using unbalanced phase control. Therefore, the proposed scheme does not require additional amplitude mismatch control blocks such as dc/dc converters or low drop output regulators (LDO). The linearity performance of the proposed LINC system is measured with 7-MHz bandwidth orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. According to the measurement results, the proposed technique significantly enhances linearity. The measurement results also shows that the proposed LINC system satisfies the error vector magnitude (EVM) requirement for a 16-state quadratic amplitude modulation (QAM) signal (-24 dB) and a 64-QAM signal (-31 dB) up to 3.8- and 2.35-dB amplitude mismatches, respectively, with any phase mismatch.
Palindromic octa- and dodecanucleotides containing 2'-deoxytubercidin: synthesis, hairpin formation, and recognition by the endodeoxyribonuclease EcoRI (1987)

Octa- and dodecanucleotides containing 2'-deoxytubericidin within the endodeoxyribonuclease EcoRI recognition fragment d(GAATTC) have been prepared by solid-phase synthesis. Whereas octamers as well as dodecamers with a "random" flanking region formed duplexes in aqueous solution, the dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG) and isosterically modified oligomers thereof showed a strong tendency of hairpin formation. Due to this, cleavage with the endodeoxyribonuclease EcoRI was strongly decreased. In contrast, d(GTAGAATTCTAC) was easily cleaved by the enzyme. Single replacement of one of the dA residues by 2'-deoxytubercidin within the recognition sequence decreased the cleavage velocity but retained specificity. Twofold modification prevents cleavage of the oligomer. This implies that both N-7 purine nitrogens are proton acceptor sites for the endodeoxyribonuclease EcoRI.
Characterization of Mouse ST8Sia II (STX) as a Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule-specific Polysialic Acid Synthase (1996)

We previously showed that mouse ST8Sia II (STX) exhibits polysialic acid (PSA) synthase activity in vivo as well as in vitro (Kojima, N., Yoshida, Y., and Tsuji, S. (1995) FEBS Lett. 373, 119-122, 1995). In this paper, we reported that the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) was specifically polysialylated by a single enzyme, ST8Sia II. PSA-expressing Neuro2a cells (N2a-STX) were established by stable transfection of the mouse ST8Sia II gene. Only the 140- and 180-kDa isoforms of NCAM in N2a-STX cells were specifically polysialylated in vivo, although other membrane proteins of N2a-STX were polysialylated in vitro. A recombinant soluble mouse ST8Sia II synthesized PSA on a recombinant soluble NCAM fused with the Fc region of human IgG1 (NCAM-Fc) as well as fetuin. However, NCAM-Fc served as a 1500-fold better acceptor for ST8Sia II than fetuin. Treatment of NCAM-Fc with Charonia lampas alpha-fucosidase, which is able to cleave alpha1,6-linked fucose, clearly reduced the polysialylation of NCAM-Fc by ST8Sia II. PSA was not synthesized on the N-glycanase-treated NCAM-Fc polypeptide or the free N-glycans of NCAM-Fc. When fetuin and its glycopeptide and N-glycans of fetuin were used as substrates for ST8Sia II, PSA was found to be synthesized on native fetuin and its glycopeptide but not on free N-glycans. These results strongly suggested that core alpha1, 6-fucose on N-glycans as well as the antennary structures of N-glycans and the polypeptide regions are required for the polysialylation by ST8Sia II. Furthermore, oligo and single alpha2, 8-sialylated glycoproteins were no longer polysialylated by mouse ST8Sia II. Therefore, the single enzyme, ST8Sia II, directly transferred all alpha2,8-sialic acid residues on the alpha2,3-linked sialic acids of N-glycans of specific NCAM isoforms to yield PSA-NCAM. Polysialylation did not require any initiator alpha2, 8-sialyltransferase but did depend on the carbohydrate and protein structures of NCAM.
Direct NMR Detection of Alkali Metal Ions Bound to G-Quadruplex DNA (2008)

We describe a general multinuclear (1H, 23Na, 87Rb) NMR approach for direct detection of alkali metal ions bound to G-quadruplex DNA. This study is motivated by our recent discovery that alkali metal ions (Na+, K+, Rb+) tightly bound to G-quadruplex DNA are actually "NMR visible" in solution (Wong, A.; Ida, R.; Wu, G. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2005, 337, 363). Here solution and solid-state NMR methods are developed for studying ion binding to the classic G-quadruplex structures formed by three DNA oligomers: d(TG4T), d(G4T3G4), and d(G4T4G4). The present study yields the following major findings. (1) Alkali metal ions tightly bound to G-quadruplex DNA can be directly observed by NMR in solution. (2) Competitive ion binding to the G-quadruplex channel site can be directly monitored by simultaneous NMR detection of the two competing ions. (3) Na+ ions are found to locate in the diagonal T4 loop region of the G-quadruplex formed by two strands of d(G4T4G4). This is the first time that direct NMR evidence has been found for alkali metal ion binding to the diagonal T4 loop in solution. We propose that the loop Na+ ion is located above the terminal G-quartet, coordinating to four guanine O6 atoms from the terminal G-quartet and one O2 atom from a loop thymine base and one water molecule. This Na+ ion coordination is supported by quantum chemical calculations on 23Na chemical shifts. Variable-temperature 23Na NMR results have revealed that the channel and loop Na+ ions in d(G4T4G4) exhibit very different ion mobilities. The loop Na+ ions have a residence lifetime of 220 micros at 15 degrees C, whereas the residence lifetime of Na+ ions residing inside the G-quadruplex channel is 2 orders of magnitude longer. (4) We have found direct 23Na NMR evidence that mixed K+ and Na+ ions occupy the d(G4T4G4) G-quadruplex channel when both Na+ and K+ ions are present in solution. (5) The high spectral resolution observed in this study is unprecedented in solution 23Na NMR studies of biological macromolecules. Our results strongly suggest that multinuclear NMR is a viable technique for studying ion binding to G-quadruplex DNA.
Feeding behavior and growth of Heliothis virescens larvae on diets containing Bacillus thuringiensis formulations or endotoxins (1991)

Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), spore/crystal mixtures, and purified Bt endotoxins were tested for effects on Heliothis virescens (F.) growth and behavior by use of diet‐incorporation bioassays. Larvae were exposed to three basic diet treatments: 1) feeding arenas containing only normal artificial diet, 2) feeding areas containing only a diet of B. thuringiensis formulation or endotoxin, and 3) feeding arenas where larvae could choose between normal diet and diet containing a Bt formulation or endotoxin. Young larvae avoided Bt formulations and Bt‐endotoxin‐containing diets. Even concentrations of formulations and Bt‐endotoxins that did not cause mortality or severely inhibit growth of young larvae caused avoidance. Fourth and fifth instar larvae avoided formulations and endotoxin‐containing diets when the concentrations used inhibited growth. Purified endotoxins produced by transformed E. coli cells caused avoidance similar to the spore/crystal mixture in Dipel®. Résumé Comportement alimentaire et croissance de chenilles d' Heliothis virescens sur des régimes contenant différentes doses de Bacillus thuringiensis ou des endotoxines Les effets, sur la croissance et le comportement d' Heliothis virescens F., d'endotoxines et de melanges de spores et de critaux de B. thuringiensis (Bt) ont été examinés par incorporation dans l'aliment. Les chenilles ont subi 3 types de traitements: arènes alimentaires contenant exclusivement l'aliment artificiel; arènes alimentaires avec uniquement un aliment contenant le mélange de Bt ou ses endotoxines; arènes alimentaires dans lesquelles les chenilles pouvaient choisir entre un aliment normal et un aliment contenant un mélange de Bt ou des endotoxines. Les jeunes chenilles ont évité l'aliment contenant un mélange de Bt ou des endotoxines. Même les concentrations des mélanges ou d'endotoxines qui ne sont pas mortelles ou n'inhibent pas sérieusement la croissance étaient répulsives pour les jeunes chenilles. Les chenilles de 4 e et 5 e stades évitaient les aliments contenant des mélanges ou des endotoxines dont les concentrations inhibent la croissance. Des endotoxines pures produites par des Escherichia coli modifies provoquent la même répulsion que le mélange spores/cristaux dans du Dipel.
Recombination between Sindbis virus RNAs (1991)

The genome (49S RNA) of Sindbis virus is a positive-strand RNA of 11.7 kb that consists of two domains. The 5' two-thirds of the RNA codes for the proteins required for replication and transcription of the RNA. The 3' one-third codes for the structural proteins. The latter are translated from a 26S subgenomic RNA identical in sequence to the 3' one-third of the genome. The 26S RNA is transcribed by initiation from an internal promoter that spans the junction between the nonstructural and structural genes. We have used Sindbis virus RNAs transcribed from cloned cDNAs to demonstrate recombination between Sindbis virus RNAs in cultured cells. Several different combinations of deleted or mutationally altered RNAs gave rise to infectious recombinants. In 7 of 10 different crosses, the infectious recombinant RNAs were larger than wild-type 49S RNA. We sequenced the recombinant RNAs in the region spanning the junction between the nonstructural and structural protein genes from five different crosses. In three of the crosses, this is the only region within which recombination could have taken place to produce an infectious 49S RNA. Recombination also occurred in this region in the other two crosses. The recombinant RNAs were distinct from wild-type RNA and from each other. All contained sequence insertions derived from the parental RNAs. One contained a deletion and a rearrangement, and one also contained a stretch of 11 nucleotides not found in the Sindbis virus genome. When each of the parental RNAs contained a functional subgenomic RNA promoter, both promoters were present and functional in the recombinant RNA. Those recombinants with large sequence insertions showed evidence of evolution toward the wild-type single-junction RNA.
Epithelial glycoprotein is a member of a family of epithelial cell surface antigens homologous to nidogen, a matrix adhesion protein. (1990)

The cell surface antigen, epithelial glycoprotein, defined by the monoclonal antibody HEA 125, is expressed on virtually all epithelial cell membranes but not on mesodermal or neural cell membranes. The cDNA encoding epithelial glycoprotein was isolated by HEA 125 antibody enrichment of colon tumor cDNA expressed transiently in COS cells. The sequence of the epithelial glycoprotein antigen is identical to the cell membrane protein recognized by the monoclonal antibody KS 1/4 and is homologous to the tumor-associated antigen GA733. These proteins share sequence homology to nidogen, an extracellular matrix component that appears to participate in cell-matrix adhesion. These proteins also share a homologous domain found in the B1 chain of laminin, a matrix adhesion protein, and placental protein 12, an insulin-like growth factor I binding protein secreted during pregnancy that has been implicated in regulation of fetal growth. This common domain is also repeated multiple times within the thyroglobulin precursor. These findings suggest epithelial glycoprotein is a cell surface molecule involved in cell-cell or cell-matrix interaction.
Methotrexate analogs. 30. Dihydrofolate reductase inhibition and in vitro tumor cell growth inhibition by N.epsilon.-(haloacetyl)-L-lysine and N.delta.-(haloacetyl)-L-ornithine analogs and an acivicin analog of methotrexate (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethotrexate analogs. 30. Dihydrofolate reductase inhibition and in vitro tumor cell growth inhibition by N.epsilon.-(haloacetyl)-L-lysine and N.delta.-(haloacetyl)-L-ornithine analogs and an acivicin analog of methotrexateAndre Rosowsky, Vishnu C. Solan, Ronald A. Forsch, Tavner J. Delcamp, David P. Baccanari, and James H. FreisheimCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1987, 30, 8, 1463–1469Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00391a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Non-contact VLSI imaging using a scanning electric potential microscope (1998)

We describe the design and use of a novel scanning microscope which detects changes in electric potential above a surface. We demonstrate that this can be employed to image integrated circuits of considerable complexity in various modes of operation and at a spatial resolution of m. We discuss the advantages of applying this imaging technique to the non-invasive evaluation of very large scale integrated circuits and consider possible limits to its resolution and sensitivity in this role.
The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Vanadium (1991)

Abstract Vanadium is a trace element that plays an important, perhaps essential and general role in the regulation of enzymatic phosphorylations. Several forms of life, including the fly agaric toadstool ( Amanita muscaria ) and certain sea squirts (ascidians), are able to concentrate vanadium. In other organisms vanadium is part of the active site of some enzymes. Well‐studied examples are the nitrogen‐fixing bacterium Azotobacter and various seaweeds that use vanadate‐dependent peroxidases to synthesize halogenated organic compounds. Despite its importance as a “biometal” both in primitive, prokaryotic organisms ( Azotobacter ) and in the highly organized ascidians, which represent an early stage in the evolution of vertebrates, the bioinorganic chemistry of vanadium is still in its infancy. Just as young, but undergoing explosive development, is the chemistry of model compounds for vanadium‐containing biomolecules, a domain of the bioinorganic coordination chemist, who almost daily discovers compounds with new and surprising structural features. This article reviews this fascinating area of bioinorganic chemistry.
The Policy Significance of Nonprofit Organizations (2012)

It is remarkable that while a substantial part of the burden of dealing with social maladies, social advancement, social planning, social arbitration, political and social advocacy, and the enforcement of social laws falls on nonprofit organizations, and that many who practice in the resolution of these social problems are not economists, the principal explanations for the existence of nonprofit organizations are in economics.
Influence of ACE inhibitors on free radicals and reperfusion injury: pharmacological curiosity or therapeutic hope? (1991)

1. The currently available evidence shows that thiol containing ACE inhibitors are free radical (FR) scavengers in vitro; in particular the OH. radical is effectively scavenged by these compounds. There is also good evidence that, in vivo, ACE inhibitors can preserve myocardial contractile function following a period of reversible ischaemia (by directly protecting myocytes and/or preserving coronary flow through protection of endothelial cells). These in vivo benefits are probably also due to FR scavening, mainly due to the presence of a thiol group but, also as a consequence of augmented prostanoid production. 2. Use of more relevant animal models and testing of a range of doses of ACE inhibitors might be undertaken before clinical investigation is considered. Because of its nature, however, the existence and importance of reperfusion injury in man will only be proven or disproven by pharmacological intervention. One option is to compare a thiol containing agent with absent or minimal haemodynamic effects with placebo as an adjunct to thrombolysis. This is the simplest approach. An alternative approach is to conduct a comparative study of a -SH containing ACE inhibitor and a non -SH containing ACE inhibitor given prior to thrombolysis. There are many problems with either approach. The lack of reliable measures of FR activity in man and difficulty in measuring accurately left ventricular function post-myocardial infarction means that mortality is likely to be the only reliable end-point in such a study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inhibitors of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and epinephrine biosynthesis. 1. Chloro-Substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (1980)

In a search for inhibitors of epinephrine biosynthesis as potential therapeutic agents, a series of 13 ring-chlorinated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines was prepared. These compounds were tested initially for their ability to inhibit rabbit adrenal phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in vitro. Enzyme-inhibitor dissociation constants, determined for the six most potent members of the series, indicated the following order of decreasing potency: 7,8-Cl2 greater than 6,7,8-Cl3 greater than 7-Cl approximately 5,6,7,8-Cl4 greater than 5,7,8-Cl3. These compounds were subsequently examined for PNMT-inhibiting activity in intact rats and mice. 7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (13, SK&F 64139) was the most potent member of the series both in vitro and in vivo and is currently undergoing clinical investigation.
Delta, a transcription factor that binds to downstream elements in several polymerase II promoters, is a functionally versatile zinc finger protein. (1991)

The promoters of several eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II contain elements located downstream of the transcriptional start site. To gain insight into how these elements function in the formation of an active transcription complex, we have cloned and sequenced the cDNA that encodes delta, a protein that binds to critical downstream promoter elements in the mouse ribosomal protein rpL30 and rpL32 genes. Our results revealed that the delta protein contains four C-terminal zinc fingers, which are essential for its DNA binding capability and a very unusual N-terminal domain that includes stretches of 11 consecutive negatively charged amino acids and 12 consecutive histidines. The sequence of the delta protein was found to be essentially identical to a concurrently cloned human transcription factor that acts both positively and negatively in the context of immunoglobulin enhancers and a viral promoter. Our structural modeling of this protein indicates properties that could endow it with exquisite functional versatility.
Non‐invasive ventilation during arm exercise and ground walking in patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (2008)

NIV during UAE increased endurance time and reduced dyspnoea compared with exercise without NIV in patients with chronic HRF. Investigation of the role of NIV as an adjunct to UAE training is warranted. In contrast, NIV during ground walking did not improve exercise capacity. However, the pressure support provided may have been inadequate as dyspnoea was not reduced.