gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subdiffraction optical resolution of a gold nanosphere located within the nanojet of a Mie-resonant dielectric microsphere (2007)

We theoretically investigate light scattering from a bi-sphere system consisting of a gold nanosphere and a lossless dielectric microsphere illuminated at a resonant optical wavelength of the microsphere. Using generalized multisphere Mie theory, we find that a gold nanosphere 100 times smaller than the dielectric microsphere can be detected with a subdiffraction resolution as fine as one-third wavelength in the background medium when the microsphere is illuminated at a Mie resonance. Otherwise, off-resonance, the spatial resolution reverts to that of the nonresonant nanojet, approximately one-half wavelength in the background medium. An important potential biophotonics application is the detection of antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles attached to the membranes of living cells in an aqueous environment.
Airways hyperreactivity and inflammation produced by aerosolization of human C5A des arg. (1986)

The premise of this study was that complement fragments would lead to granulocyte infiltration and to associated changes in airways reactivity. Inflammation was induced in large airways (greater than 1.0 mm) by aerosolization of the complement chemotactic factor, C5a des arg, which was isolated from activated human serum. Pulmonary function (resistance, compliance, and lung volume) and histamine reactivity were assessed at 4 and at 48 h after C5a des arg or a saline sham aerosol. Four hours after exposure to C5a des arg, the animals exhibited evidence of significant bronchoconstriction and hyperinflation. In addition, an increased responsiveness to histamine was demonstrated, which was not correlated with the degree of bronchospasm. By 48 h, these alterations were partially or completely resolved. Histologic examination and quantitation demonstrated significant accumulation of neutrophils, which was limited to airways 0.5 mm in or larger. Saline-treated animals also demonstrated a neutrophil infiltration, but significantly less than those treated with C5a des arg. However, these animals did not demonstrate hyperreactivity to histamine, and there was little change in baseline mechanical function. The mild inflammation associated in the saline control animals was demonstrated to be a result of intubation of the airways. Granulocyte dependence of the effects of C5a des arg was partially established by abrogation of these effects when the animals were rendered granulocytopenic with nitrogen mustard. We conclude that the physiologic responses of the airways to C5a des arg were largely granulocyte dependent. However, since granulocyte accumulation could occur without airways dysfunction, it is suggested that cell activation is an important step in producing neutrophil-associated airways hyperresponsiveness.
Comparison of Six Generic Vancomycin Products for Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Experimental Endocarditis in Rabbits (2012)

Concerns have recently emerged about the potency and the quality of generic vancomycin (VAN) products approved for use in humans, based on experiments in a neutropenic mouse thigh infection model. However, other animal models may be more appropriate to decipher the bactericidal activities of VAN generics in vivo and to predict their efficacy in humans. We aimed to compare the bactericidal activities of six generic VAN products currently used in France (Mylan and Sandoz), Spain (Hospira), Switzerland (Teva), and the United States (Akorn-Strides and American Pharmaceutical Products [APP]) in a rabbit model of aortic valve endocarditis induced by 8 × 10(7) CFU of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain COL (VAN MIC, 1.5 μg/ml). In vitro, there were no significant differences in the time-kill curve studies performed with the six generic VAN products. Ten rabbits in each group were treated with intravenous (i.v.) VAN, 60 mg/kg of body weight twice a day (b.i.d.) for 4 days. Mean peak serum VAN levels, measured 45 min after the last injection, ranged from 35.5 (APP) to 45.9 μg/ml (Teva). Mean trough serum VAN levels, measured 12 h after the last injection, ranged from 2.3 (Hospira) to 9.2 (APP) μg/ml. All generic VAN products were superior to controls (no treatment) in terms of residual organisms in vegetations (P < 0.02 for each comparison) and in the spleen (P < 0.005 for each comparison). Pairwise comparisons of generic VAN products found no significant differences. In conclusion, a stringent MRSA endocarditis model found no significant differences in the bactericidal activities of six generic VAN products currently used in Europe and America.
Opposite regulation of brain and C-type natriuretic peptides in the streptozotocin-diabetic cardiopathy (2000)

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a recent addition to the family of natriuretic peptides including atrial and brain natriuretic peptide (ANP, BNP), is believed to be an endothelium-derived vasodilator and to have an antimitotic effect. ANP and BNP concentrations are increased in conditions such as congestive heart failure, but cardiac CNP concentrations have not been investigated in this connection. Diabetes mellitus also involves myocardial dysfunctions without coronary artery disease or systemic hypertension. We therefore investigated the cardiac expression of CNP mRNA compared with that of BNP mRNA in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. STZ- diabetic male Wistar rats (n=6) were studied in comparison with controls (n=6). The animals were characterised by their mean arterial blood pressure and plasma glucose concentrations. After extraction of total cardiac RNA, a specific cDNA probe of BNP was used for northern blot analysis, whereas myocardial CNP expression was analysed by an RNase-protection assay. Twelve weeks after diabetes was induced, the rats were normotensive (96.4+/-2.0 compared with 95.1+/-1.9 mmHg) and hyperglycaemic (615+/-61 compared with 165+/-21 mg/dl; P<0.001). Left ventricular pressure was significantly impaired (76.8+/-6.4 compared with 51.2+/-3.6 mmHg). STZ-diabetic rats had a 3.2-fold increase in cardiac BNP expression compared with controls. In contrast, cardiac CNP mRNA concentrations were decreased 2.6-fold. CNP seems to be downregulated like other peptides with antimitotic and vasodilator activities (nitric oxide, prostacyclin, kinins). This may contribute to cardiac dysfunction in diabetes mellitus and suggests that stimulation of CNP expression could provide cardiac protection in such cases.
Two Distinct Populations of Exosomes Are Released from LIM1863 Colon Carcinoma Cell-derived Organoids (2012)

Exosomes are naturally occurring biological nanomembranous vesicles (∼40 to 100 nm) of endocytic origin that are released from diverse cell types into the extracellular space. They have pleiotropic functions such as antigen presentation and intercellular transfer of protein cargo, mRNA, microRNA, lipids, and oncogenic potential. Here we describe the isolation, via sequential immunocapture using anti-A33- and anti-EpCAM-coupled magnetic beads, of two distinct populations of exosomes released from organoids derived from human colon carcinoma cell line LIM1863. The exosome populations (A33-Exos and EpCAM-Exos) could not be distinguished via electron microscopy and contained stereotypical exosome markers such as TSG101, Alix, and HSP70. The salient finding of this study, revealed via gel-based LC-MS/MS, was the exclusive identification in EpCAM-Exos of the classical apical trafficking molecules CD63 (LAMP3), mucin 13 and the apical intestinal enzyme sucrase isomaltase and increased expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and the apically restricted pentaspan membrane glycoprotein prominin 1. In contrast, the A33-Exos preparation was enriched with basolateral trafficking molecules such as early endosome antigen 1, the Golgi membrane protein ADP-ribosylation factor, and clathrin. Our observations are consistent with EpCAM- and A33-Exos being released from the apical and basolateral surfaces, respectively, and the EpCAM-Exos proteome profile with widely published stereotypical exosomes. A proteome analysis of LIM1863-derived shed microvesicles (sMVs) was also performed in order to clearly distinguish A33- and EpCAM-Exos from sMVs. Intriguingly, several members of the MHC class I family of antigen presentation molecules were exclusively observed in A33-Exos, whereas neither MHC class I nor MHC class II molecules were observed via MS in EpCAM-Exos. Additionally, we report for the first time in any extracellular vesicle study the colocalization of EpCAM, claudin-7, and CD44 in EpCAM-Exos. Given that these molecules are known to complex together to promote tumor progression, further characterization of exosome subpopulations will enable a deeper understanding of their possible role in regulation of the tumor microenvironment.
C‐terminal sequencing of protein (1992)

Peptides or proteins were hydrolyzed by vapors of 90% pentafluoropropionic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid at 90 degrees C for various time periods. The hydrolyzate mixtures analyzed by both fast-atom-bombardment and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry showed a series of C-terminal successive degradation molecular ions. The degradation reaction may be due to the selective formation of an oxazolone ring at the C-terminal amino acid, followed by hydrolytic removal of the C-terminal amino acid. The major side reactions were cleavages of the peptide bonds at the C side of the internal aspartic acid residue and the N side of serine residue.
Adaptive Scanning for H.264/AVC Intra Coding (2006)

In this letter, an adaptive scanning that improves intra coding efficiency in the H.264/AVC standard is proposed. The proposed adaptive scanning utilizes the prediction directions (modes) that include the horizontal and vertical edge information in a block. Depending on the prediction directions, the proposed method uses three scanning methods: zigzag scanning, horizontal scanning, and vertical scanning. In the proposed method, horizontal and vertical scanning are used in vertical and horizontal prediction modes, respectively, and the normal zigzag scanning in the H.264 standard is used in all other intra prediction modes. The proposed method reduces the bit rate by approximately 2.5% compared with H.264/AVC, without the degradation of video quality.
Ultrasonication for Analytical Chemistry (2005)

The purpose of this work is to present a peer revision to the last trends dealing with ultrasonication for sample treatment in Analytical Chemistry. The selective oxidation properties of sonication makes this tool a powerful help to distinguish, when present in solution, some metal organic species from the inorganic ones (organic mercury and inorganic mercury) or to differentiate in biological matrices non-toxic from toxic metal organic species (arsenobetaine from other toxic arseno-organic compounds). Moreover, with the recently developed multi-ultrasonicators sample throughput has been greatly increased. The development of glass probes has also led to avoid contamination from metals, which allows obtaining better quantification limits when working with metals such as Al. In very recent works the ultrasonication potential in conjunction with enzymes, has markedly enhanced the ability to extract metals from solid matrices with metal species preservation. This paper provides a fast approach to ultrasonication applications in Analytical Chemistry along with some useful recommendations in this field. Keywords: focused ultrasound, bath sonication, metal speciation, extraction methods
Identification of a Putative Regulator of Early T Cell Activation Genes (1988)

Molecules involved in the antigen receptor-dependent regulation of early T cell activation genes were investigated with the use of functional sequences of the T cell activation-specific enhancer of interleukin-2 (IL-2). One of these sequences forms a protein complex, NFAT-1, specifically with nuclear extracts of activated T cells. This complex appeared 10 to 25 minutes before the activation of the IL-2 gene. Studies with inhibitors of protein synthesis indicated that the time of synthesis of the activator of the IL-2 gene in Jurkat T cells corresponds to the time of appearance of NFAT-1. NFAT-1, or a very similar protein, bound functional sequences of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1; the LTR of this virus is known to be stimulated during early T cell activation. The binding site for this complex activated a linked promoter after transfection into antigen receptor-activated T cells but not other cell types. These characteristics suggest that NFAT-1 transmits signals initiated at the T cell antigen receptor.
Hydrolysis of Cellulose Esters (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of Cellulose EstersC. J. Malm, R. E. Glegg, J. T. Salzer, D. F. Ingerick, and L. J. TangheCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1966, 5, 1, 81–87Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260017a017https://doi.org/10.1021/i260017a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views369Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Multiplicity Control in the Polygeminal Diazeniumdiolation of Active Hydrogen Bearing Carbons:  Chemistry of a New Type of Trianionic Molecular Propeller (2001)

Over a century ago, Traube reported the reaction of four nitric oxides with acetone and sodium ethoxide to yield sodium methanebis(diazene-N-oxide-N'-hydroxylate) and sodium acetate. However, when this reaction is carried out in the presence of nitric oxide at slightly elevated pressures (35-40 psi), a product corresponding to the addition of six nitric oxides, sodium methanetris(diazene-N-oxide-N'-hydroxylate), forms as the main product in addition to a trace of the previously observed sodium methanebis(diazene-N-oxide-N'-hydroxylate) and sodium acetate. The corresponding potassium salts form when potassium hydroxide is employed as the base, while lithium hydroxide results in the formation of lithium methanebis(diazene-N-oxide-N'-hydroxylate) exclusively. Nitric oxide reacts with 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in the presence of sodium and potassium hydroxide in methanol to yield sodium and potassium 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one-1,1,1-tris(diazene-N-oxide-N'-hydroxylate), respectively. In contrast, the reaction in the presence of lithium hydroxide forms lithium methanebis(diazene-N-oxide-N'-hydroxylate) and lithium pivalate. The differential reactivity of nitric oxide with acetone and 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in the presence of the three bases is attributed to competing hydrolytic reactions of the acetyl and trimethylacetyl group-containing intermediates. A mechanism is proposed for the nitric oxide addition to active methyl groups in these reactions, where the product distribution between the di- and trisubstituted methanes is under kinetic control of the competing reactions. The products are characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and elemental analysis. Two differentially hydrated forms of potassium methanetris(diazene-N-oxide-N'-hydroxylate) are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. From the metathesis reaction of the silver salt of methanetris(diazene-N-oxide-N'-hydroxylate) with ammonium iodide, the corresponding ammonium salt is isolated in 59% yield, but only trace amounts of methylated products form in the reaction of the silver salt with methyl iodide. Density functional calculations (B3LYP/6-311++G) are used to evaluate the bonding, ground-state structures, and energy landscape for the different conformers of methanetris(diazene-N-oxide-N'-hydroxylate)(3-) trianion, a new type of a molecular propeller, and its corresponding triprotonated acid.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of an Fe3O4-FeO-Fe/C Composite Anode for Li-Ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Aqueous Stabilization and Self‐Assembly of Graphene Sheets into Layered Bio‐Nanocomposites using DNA (2009)

Stabilization of aqueous suspensions of graphene single sheets by single-stranded DNA is demonstrated using a range of physical methods. The negatively charged bio-functionalized graphene sheets are spontaneously assembled into layered hybrid nanocomposites containing intercalated DNA molecules, or co-intercalated mixtures of DNA and the redox protein, cytochrome c. Small-molecule reducing agents readily access the intercalated proteins.
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYTIC C‐ALKYLATION OF SECONDARY AMINES WITH ALKENES (1980)

Abstract Sekundäre Amine (I) werden mit 1‐Alkenen (II) in Toluol in Gegenwart von Nb‐, Ta‐ oder Zr‐dimethylamin‐Komplexen bei 160‐200°C in geringen Ausbeuten in α‐Stellung zu den verzweigten Aminen (III) alkyliert.
Effects of Supplemental Intra-articular Lubricin and Hyaluronic Acid on the Progression of Posttraumatic Arthritis in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Deficient Rat Knee (2010)

Although longer term studies are needed, intra-articular supplementation (tribosupplementation) with lubricin after anterior cruciate ligament injury may protect the articular cartilage in the anterior cruciate ligament-injured knee.
Both Apolipoprotein E and Immune Deficiency Exacerbate Neointimal Hyperplasia After Vascular Injury in Mice (2002)

In this study, we investigated the role of T and B lymphocytes in neointimal hyperplasia after endothelial denudation. Catheter-induced endothelial denudation of wild-type mice resulted in rapid infiltration of lymphocytes to the site of injury. Mice defective in recombination-activating gene 2 (RAG2(-/-)) showed increased neointimal formation 14 days after vascular injury in comparison to their wild-type immune-competent littermates. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the preponderance of smooth muscle cells and a significantly higher number of proliferating cells in the neointima of the RAG2(-/-) mice. The neointima size and the number of proliferating smooth muscle cells in the injured vessel of RAG2(-/-) mice were similar to those observed in the injured arteries of apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. Interestingly, mice with double apoE and RAG2 gene mutations (apoE(-/-) RAG2(-/-)) displayed similar neointimal characteristics as mice with a single gene defect, suggesting a similar mechanism for apoE and lymphocyte protection against injury-induced neointimal formation. The protective role of lymphocytes against neointimal formation after vascular injury directly contrasts to their reported role in the promotion of atherosclerosis, which was observed in both apoE(+/+) and apoE(-/-) mice. Thus, these results support the hypothesis of different etiology between hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis and injury-induced vascular occlusion.
12 V Σ-Δ class-D amplifier in 5 V CMOS technology (2005)

A 12 V, 5.7 W class-D single chip amplifier, based on a /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ modulator and a full-bridge output, has been integrated in a standard 5 V CMOS technology. Circuit techniques are used to cope with the voltage limitations of the devices. Stand-by power dissipation is reduced to 20 mW thanks to a new level-shifter cell.
Coupled radiative, flow and temperature-field analysis of a free-burning arc (2000)

A computer simulation of a thermal plasma that utilizes a detailed line-by-line radiative analysis coupled to a flow and temperature-field analysis has been written. The radiative transport portion of the model uses the S-N discrete ordinates method and the required spectral radiative properties are calculated from basic atomic data. The flow and temperature-field portion of the calculation is handled using the finite-volume method. The thermal plasma configuration studied using this coupled model is a two-dimensional, axisymmetric, 200 A, 1 cm long, free-burning arc located in a one-atmosphere argon environment. Results from this analysis are compared with those from an uncoupled, line-by-line radiative analysis of this same arc and from a flow and temperature-field analysis that utilizes net emission coefficients to model the radiative source term. As thought, noticeable differences are found between results from the coupled and uncoupled analyses. This work proves that it is feasible to conduct two-dimensional, coupled, line-by-line calculations in a thermal plasma, but the computational times are large.
Model Approach in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Surface Reactions (2015)

Heterogeneous catalysts are widely employed in technological applications, such as chemical manufacturing, energy harvesting, conversion and storage, and environmental technology. Often they consist of disperse metal nanoparticles anchored onto a morphologically complex oxide support. The compositional and structural complexity of such nanosized systems offers many degrees of freedom for tuning their catalytic performance. However, a rational design of heterogeneous catalysts based on an atomistic-level understanding of underlying surface processes has not been fully achieved so far and remains one of the primary goals for catalysis research. In our group, we developed concepts for replacing highly complex real supported catalysts by simplified model systems, which complexity can be gradually increased in order to mimic certain structural aspects of practically relevant catalysts in a controlled way. Well-defined model systems consisting of metal-nanoparticle ensembles supported on planar oxide substrates have proven to provide a successful approach to achieve fundamental insights into heterogeneous catalysis. In this Account, two mechanistic case studies focusing on an atomistic-level understanding of surface chemistry are presented in which we investigate how the nanoscopic nature of metal clusters affects their interaction with the adsorbates and the reactive processes. Particularly, we investigate the effects of the particle size and the flexibility of the atoms constituting metal clusters on the binding energy of gas-phase adsorbates, such as CO and oxygen. We identified two major structural factors determining the binding energy of gas phase adsorbates on metal nanoparticles: the local configuration of the adsorption site and the particle size. While the effect of the local configuration of the adsorption site was found to be adsorbate specific, the reduction of the cluster size results in a pronounced decrease of binding energy for both adsorbates and appears to be a general trend. In the second case study, we address the role of the surface modifiers, such as carbon, on the process of hydrogen diffusion into volume of Pd nanoparticles that was previously identified is an important step in hydrogenation chemistry. We provide for the first time direct experimental evidence that, inline with the recent theoretical predictions, the atomically flexible low-coordinated surface sites on Pd particles play a crucial role in the diffusion process and that their selective modification with carbon results in marked facilitation of subsurface hydrogen diffusion. By virtue of these examples, we demonstrate how model studies on complex nanostructured materials may provide an atomistic view of processes at the gas-solid interface related to heterogeneous catalysis.