gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BrainNet Viewer: A Network Visualization Tool for Human Brain Connectomics (2013)

The human brain is a complex system whose topological organization can be represented using connectomics. Recent studies have shown that human connectomes can be constructed using various neuroimaging technologies and further characterized using sophisticated analytic strategies, such as graph theory. These methods reveal the intriguing topological architectures of human brain networks in healthy populations and explore the changes throughout normal development and aging and under various pathological conditions. However, given the huge complexity of this methodology, toolboxes for graph-based network visualization are still lacking. Here, using MATLAB with a graphical user interface (GUI), we developed a graph-theoretical network visualization toolbox, called BrainNet Viewer, to illustrate human connectomes as ball-and-stick models. Within this toolbox, several combinations of defined files with connectome information can be loaded to display different combinations of brain surface, nodes and edges. In addition, display properties, such as the color and size of network elements or the layout of the figure, can be adjusted within a comprehensive but easy-to-use settings panel. Moreover, BrainNet Viewer draws the brain surface, nodes and edges in sequence and displays brain networks in multiple views, as required by the user. The figure can be manipulated with certain interaction functions to display more detailed information. Furthermore, the figures can be exported as commonly used image file formats or demonstration video for further use. BrainNet Viewer helps researchers to visualize brain networks in an easy, flexible and quick manner, and this software is freely available on the NITRC website (www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv/).
Implantable Hearing Aid: Report of the First Human Applications (1987)

To our knowledge, this is the first report of human application of the partial implantable hearing aid. Direct driving of the stapes by an ossicular vibrator of piezoelectric ceramic bimorph is the fundamental mechanism of this device. Acoustic signals received by a microphone were transmitted to the external link coil after amplification. By means of electromagnetic induction, the internal coil placed under the retroauricular skin excited electroacoustic energy, which is transmitted to the vibrator directly coupled with the stapes. The device used in this first patient has been functioning for longer than one year. Excellent frequency response of the vibrator and highly efficient direct transmission of electroacoustic signals to the inner ear gave rise to acoustic perception of superior quality that could not be obtained by other surgical or rehabilitative measures.
Phospholipase D‐catalyzed synthesis of novel phospholipid‐phytosterol conjugates (2004)

In the present study, plant sterols were modified to form amphiphiles by synthesizing phospholipid derivatives from them so they could be formulated in different functional foods and possibly improve their effects as therapeutic agents. The new phosphatidyl derivatives, phosphatidyl-sitosterols, were synthesized by the transfer reaction of a phosphatidyl residue from PC to beta-sitosterol by phospholipase D (PLD EC 3.1.4.4) from Streptomyces sp. in a biphasic medium.
Reconstructive problems in canine liver homotrans-plantation with special reference to the postoperative role of hepatic venous flow (1961)

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Transplantation Bulletin: October 1961 - Volume 28 - Issue 4 - p 518
Epitaxial lateral overgrowth of AlN layers on patterned sapphire substrates (2006)

Abstract Epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) of low‐dislocation‐density AlN layers on trench‐patterned sapphire substrates is demonstrated for the first time. Sapphire (0001) substrates with trench patterns formed along two different directions, 〈10 $ 10 \bar 10 $ 0〉 and 〈11 $ 11 \bar 20 $ 0〉, were used. We can obtain fully coalesced AlN only on the sapphire substrate having 〈11 $ 11 \bar 20 $ 0〉 trenches. The dislocation density of ELO‐AlN is as low as 6.7 × 10 8 cm –2 . (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Autoantibodies to neuronal glutamate receptors in patients with paraneoplastic neurodegenerative syndrome enhance receptor activation. (1995)

The occurrence of autoantibodies to specific neuronal neurotransmitter subunits in the sera of patients with PNS and the ability of these autoantibodies to modulate glutaminergic receptor function suggest that some paraneoplastic neurological injury could result from glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
Expression pattern alterations of syndecans and glypican‐1 in normal and pathological trophoblast (1999)

Syndecans (syn-1, -2, -3, -4) and glypican-1 are proteoglycans expressed during development in association with changes in tissue organization and differentiation. They participate in the modulation of growth factor actions and in cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion. The expression of syn-1, -2, -3, -4, and glypican-1 has been studied in normal human placenta and in gestational trophoblastic disease such as hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, and choriocarcinoma, using immunohistochemistry and western blots. Syndecan-3 was not expressed in normal or pathological tissues. During normal gestation, the other proteoglycans showed a specific staining pattern, which for some was modified during pregnancy. For instance, syn-1 was only expressed in syncytiotrophoblast; syn-4 was mainly localized in the villous and extravillous cytotrophoblast in the first trimester, whereas at term it was expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast. The most striking results are the altered expression patterns of syndecans and glypican-1 in pathological tissues. These proteoglycans showed a progressive decrease of immunostaining related to the increase of severity of trophoblastic disease, in particular in invasive mole and choriocarcinoma. In addition, dysregulation in the localization of the expression patterns was observed for syn-2 and -4. Because changes in syndecan expression enable cells to become more or less responsive to their micro-environment, the down-regulation and/or dysregulation of syndecans in relation to the degree of severity of trophoblastic diseases provides new insights into the progression of these pathologies. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stimuli-sensitive injectable graphene oxide composite hydrogel (2012)

We report the formation of a self-assembled hydrogel of graphene oxide nanosheets by physically crosslinking in a low concentration Pluronic solution without any chemical modification of GO. This hydrogel undergoes a sol–gel transition upon exposure to various stimuli, such as temperature, near-infrared light, and pH. Since the thermosensitive gelation occurs at near body temperature, this system can be applied as an injectable gel system. NIR laser irradiation can also trigger very rapid gel formation by photothermal effect. An in vivo mouse experiment confirms the stable gel formation after injection with no severe acute cytotoxicity.
STREAMSCOPE: continuous reliable distributed processing of big data streams (2016)

STREAMSCOPE (or STREAMS) is a reliable distributed stream computation engine that has been deployed in shared 20,000-server production clusters at Microsoft. STREAMS provides a continuous temporal stream model that allows users to express complex stream processing logic naturally and declaratively. STREAMS supports business-critical streaming applications that can process tens of billions (or tens of terabytes) of input events per day continuously with complex logic involving tens of temporal joins, aggregations, and sophisticated user-defined functions, while maintaining tens of terabytes in-memory computation states on thousands of machines.

STREAMS introduces two abstractions, rVertex and rStream, to manage the complexity in distributed stream computation systems. The abstractions allow efficient and flexible distributed execution and failure recovery, make it easy to reason about correctness even with failures, and facilitate the development, debugging, and deployment of complex multi-stage streaming applications.
EGFR mutation testing in lung cancer: a review of available methods and their use for analysis of tumour tissue and cytology samples (2012)

Several different testing methods offer a more sensitive alternative to direct sequencing for the detection of common EGFR mutations. Evidence published to date suggests cytology samples are viable alternatives for mutation testing when tumour tissue samples are not available.
Mineralized matrix deposition by marrow stromal osteoblasts in 3D perfusion culture increases with increasing fluid shear forces (2003)

In this study we report on direct involvement of fluid shear stresses on the osteoblastic differentiation of marrow stromal cells. Rat bone marrow stromal cells were seeded in 3D porous titanium fiber mesh scaffolds and cultured for 16 days in a flow perfusion bioreactor with perfusing culture media of different viscosities while maintaining the fluid flow rate constant. This methodology allowed exposure of the cultured cells to increasing levels of mechanical stimulation, in the form of fluid shear stress, whereas chemotransport conditions for nutrient delivery and waste removal remained essentially constant. Under similar chemotransport for the cultured cells in the 3D porous scaffolds, increasing fluid shear forces led to increased mineral deposition, suggesting that the mechanical stimulation provided by fluid shear forces in 3D flow perfusion culture can indeed enhance the expression of the osteoblastic phenotype. Increased fluid shear forces also resulted in the generation of a better spatially distributed extracellular matrix inside the porosity of the 3D titanium fiber mesh scaffolds. The combined effect of fluid shear forces on the mineralized extracellular matrix production and distribution emphasizes the importance of mechanosensation on osteoblastic cell function in a 3D environment.
Classification and powerlaws: The logarithmic transformation (2006)

Abstract Logarithmic transformation of the data has been recommended by the literature in the case of highly skewed distributions such as those commonly found in information science. The purpose of the transformation is to make the data conform to the lognormal law of error for inferential purposes. How does this transformation affect the analysis? We factor analyze and visualize the citation environment of the Journal of the American Chemical Society ( JACS ) before and after a logarithmic transformation. The transformation strongly reduces the variance necessary for classificatory purposes and therefore is counterproductive to the purposes of the descriptive statistics. We recommend against the logarithmic transformation when sets cannot be defined unambiguously. The intellectual organization of the sciences is reflected in the curvilinear parts of the citation distributions while negative powerlaws fit excellently to the tails of the distributions.
Ultrasmooth, extremely deformable and shape recoverable Ag nanowire embedded transparent electrode (2014)

Transparent electrodes have been widely used in electronic devices such as solar cells, displays, and touch screens. Highly flexible transparent electrodes are especially desired for the development of next generation flexible electronic devices. Although indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most commonly used material for the fabrication of transparent electrodes, its brittleness and growing cost limit its utility for flexible electronic devices. Therefore, the need for new transparent conductive materials with superior mechanical properties is clear and urgent. Ag nanowire (AgNW) has been attracting increasing attention because of its effective combination of electrical and optical properties. However, it still suffers from several drawbacks, including large surface roughness, instability against oxidation and moisture, and poor adhesion to substrates. These issues need to be addressed before wide spread use of metallic NW as transparent electrodes can be realized. In this study, we demonstrated the fabrication of a flexible transparent electrode with superior mechanical, electrical and optical properties by embedding a AgNW film into a transparent polymer matrix. This technique can produce electrodes with an ultrasmooth and extremely deformable transparent electrode that have sheet resistance and transmittance comparable to those of an ITO electrode.
Antistaphylococcal activity of DNA-interactive pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers and PBD-biaryl conjugates (2012)

PBD-biaryl conjugates have a superior antibacterial profile compared with PBD dimers such as ELB-21. We have identified six PBD-biaryl conjugates as potential drug development candidates.
Boosting Brain Uptake of a Therapeutic Antibody by Reducing Its Affinity for a Transcytosis Target (2011)

Monoclonal antibodies have therapeutic potential for treating diseases of the central nervous system, but their accumulation in the brain is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we show that reducing the affinity of an antibody for the transferrin receptor (TfR) enhances receptor-mediated transcytosis of the anti-TfR antibody across the BBB into the mouse brain where it reaches therapeutically relevant concentrations. Anti-TfR antibodies that bind with high affinity to TfR remain associated with the BBB, whereas lower-affinity anti-TfR antibody variants are released from the BBB into the brain and show a broad distribution 24 hours after dosing. We designed a bispecific antibody that binds with low affinity to TfR and with high affinity to the enzyme β-secretase (BACE1), which processes amyloid precursor protein into amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides including those associated with Alzheimer's disease. Compared to monospecific anti-BACE1 antibody, the bispecific antibody accumulated in the mouse brain and led to a greater reduction in brain Aβ after a single systemic dose. TfR-facilitated transcytosis of this bispecific antibody across the BBB may enhance its potency as an anti-BACE1 therapy for treating Alzheimer's disease.
Boron-doped carbon nanotube coating for transparent, conducting, flexible photonic devices (2007)

Conducting transparent polymer materials were made by applying boron-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes to the surfaces of glass and flexible polyethylene terephthalate film substrates. Optical transmission and sheet resistance measurements showed that the boron-doped coated samples had sheet resistances of ∼7kΩ∕◻ and flat optical transmission of ∼89% for visible light. Temperature and humidity tests showed that the materials remained conductive after nearly 150h of testing. The materials are robust and even maintain their conducting properties after being folded. Fabrication of a simple light emitting device demonstrates usage of the material as a flexible transparent electrode.
Regulation of cytosolic acetoacetyl coenzyme A thiolase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, and mevalonate kinase by low density lipoprotein and by 25-hydroxycholesterol in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1980)

Chinese hamster ovary; De-S, delipidated fetal calf serum; MeiSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; HDL, high density lipoprotein; 25-OH cholesterol, 25-hydroxycholestero1; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A; LP(-), lipoprotein-deficient serum; GLC, gas-liquid chromatography; TLC, thin layer chromatography.'I Determined according to published procedure (12) using lactate Determined according to published procedure (12) using citrate n.d., not determined.dehydrogenase as cytoplasmic enzyme marker.synthase as mitochondrial enzyme marker.
Comparison of Procedures to Determine Electrical Stimulation Thresholds in Cochlear Implant Users (2001)

In a clinical setting, where precision and time are important parameters, precise thresholds can be obtained with the adjustment procedure. However, for research purposes, it is advised to use the "choose the interval with the pulse" task together with one of the transformed up-down decision criteria.
Diphtheria Toxin and Related Proteins (1973)

Conditions are described for reassembly in high yield of hybrid diphtheria toxin molecules using Fragment A derived from cross-reacting material 45 and Fragment B from other proteins related to diphtheria toxin.
GASCO: Genetic Algorithm Simulation for Codon Optimization (2008)

Codon optimization is a generic technique to achieve optimum expression of a foreign gene in the host's cell system. Selection of optimum codons depends on codon usage of the host genome and the presence of several desirable and undesirable sequence motifs. Searching these motifs in all possible combinations of the codons increases the search space exponentially with respect to sequence length. GASCO is an algorithm developed for the optimum codon selection using genetic algorithms. The algorithm reduces the search space and provides an approximate solution to the problem. The algorithm has applications in DNA vaccine design for successfully eliciting potent immune responses and synthetic gene design for metabolic pathway engineering. The software for the proposed algorithm is available on http://miracle.igib.res.in/gasco/.
Circulating DNA level is negatively associated with the long-term survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients (2006)

Large or invasive tumor may release more circulating DNA, and higher level of circulating DNA may be associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients.
Novel Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial Agents Containing Oxime-Substituted (Aminomethyl)pyrrolidines:  Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 7-(4-(Aminomethyl)-3-(methoxyimino)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro- 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro[1,8]naphthyridine-3-carboxylic Acid (LB20304),1 (1997)

New pyrrolidine derivatives, which bear an alkyloxime substituent in the 4-position and an aminomethyl substituent in the 3-position of the pyrrolidine ring, have been synthesized and coupled with various quinolinecarboxylic acids to produce a series of new fluoroquinolone antibacterials. These fluoroquinolones were found to possess potent antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Variations at the C-8 position of the quinolone nucleus included fluorine, chlorine, nitrogen, methoxy, and hydrogen atom substitution. The activity imparted to the substituted quinolone nucleus by the C-8 substituent was in the order F (C5-NH2) > F (C5-H) > naphthyridine > Cl = OMe = H against Gram-positive organisms. In the case of Gram-negative strains, activity was in the order F (C5-NH2) > naphthyridine = F (C5-H) > H > Cl > OMe. The advantages provided by the newly introduced oxime group of the quinolones were clearly demonstrated by their comparison to a desoximino compound 30. In addition, the oxime moiety greatly improved the pharmacokinetic parameters of the novel quinolones. Among these compounds, compound 20 (LB20304) showed the best in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile in animals, as well as good physical properties. The MICs (microgram/mL) of LB20304, compound 30, and ciprofloxacin against several test organisms are as follows: S. aureus 6538p (0.008, 0.031, and 0.13), methicillin resistant S. aureus 241 (4, 16, and 128), Streptococcus epidermidis 887E (0.008, 0.016, and 0.13), methicillin resistant S. epidermidis 178 (4, 32, and 128), Enterococcus faecalis 29212 (0.063, 0.13, and 1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1912E (0.25, 0.5, and 0.13), Escherichia coli 3190Y (0.008, 0.016, and 0.008), Enterobacter cloacae P99 (0.008, 0.031, and 0.008), Actinobacter calcoaceticus 15473 (0.063, 0.13, and 0.25). On the basis of these promising results, LB20304 was selected as a candidate for further evaluation.
Cell Wall Alterations of Gram-Negative Bacteria by Aminoglycoside Antibiotics (1974)

After treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics, Escherichia coli B and Pseudomonas aeruginosa P28 showed numerous blebs on the cell wall surface.
Assessing Web-enabled call center technologies (2001)

E-commerce's explosive growth has seen corporate Web sites mature from electronic versions of glossy brochures to full-service storefronts. To support this new environment, companies are providing real-time customer service to their Web customers. Despite this tremendous e-commerce growth, many people remain reluctant to complete a Web transaction without first talking to a live agent. Corporations are linking their Web sites to call centers where pools of trained agents can assist Web shoppers that need help in real time. To provide Web visitors with instant customer service, retailers are adding a talk-to-agent button on Web pages. When a visitor presses the button, the Web site will present the caller with several options for actuary talking to an agent. These options include e-mail, text chat, agent callback, and Internet telephony. There are two main technology alternatives that a call center can implement for Web integration. The first technology enables a traditional call center that has circuit-switched-based systems to support talk-to-agent alternatives. The second technology is the implementation of an all-IP call center infrastructure. Mitretek's Call Center Lab has assessed several products.
Integrins (alpha7beta1) in muscle function and survival. Disrupted expression in merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy. (1997)

Mutations in genes coding for dystrophin, for alpha, beta, gamma, and delta-sarcoglycans, or for the alpha2 chain of the basement membrane component merosin (laminin-2/4) cause various forms of muscular dystrophy. Analyses of integrins showed an abnormal expression and localization of alpha7beta1 isoforms in myofibers of merosin-deficient human patients and mice, but not in dystrophin-deficient or sarcoglycan-deficient humans and animals. It was shown previously that skeletal muscle fibers require merosin for survival and function (Vachon, P.H., F. Loechel, H. Xu, U.M. Wewer, and E. Engvall. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 134:1483-1497). Correction of merosin deficiency in vitro through cell transfection with the merosin alpha2 chain restored the normal localization of alpha7beta1D integrins as well as myotube survival. Overexpression of the apoptosis-suppressing molecule Bcl-2 also promoted the survival of merosin-deficient myotubes, but did not restore a normal expression of alpha7beta1D integrins. Blocking of beta1 integrins in normal myotubes induced apoptosis and severely reduced their survival. These findings (a) identify alpha7beta1D integrins as the de facto receptors for merosin in skeletal muscle; (b) indicate a merosin dependence for the accurate expression and membrane localization of alpha7beta1D integrins in myofibers; (c) provide a molecular basis for the critical role of merosin in myofiber survival; and (d) add new insights to the pathogenesis of neuromuscular disorders.