gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Egyptian moraceous plants against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and liver damage in rats (2010)

These findings demonstrate that the phenolic constituents of Ficus carica leaf and Morus alba root bark are responsible at least in part for the observed protective effects.
Capture and Release of Proteins on the Nanoscale by Stimuli-Responsive Elastin-Like Polypeptide “Switches” (2004)

This article describes the fabrication and characterization of stimulus-responsive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) nanostructures grafted onto omega-substituted thiolates that were patterned onto gold surfaces by dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). In response to external stimuli such as changes in temperature or ionic strength, ELPs undergo a switchable and reversible, hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase transition at a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). We exploited this phase transition behavior to reversibly immobilize a thioredoxin-ELP (Trx-ELP) fusion protein onto the ELP nanopattern above the LCST. Subsequent binding of an anti-thioredoxin monoclonal antibody (anti-Trx) to the surface-captured thioredoxin showed the presentation of the immobilized protein in a sterically accessible orientation in the nanoarray. We also showed that the resulting Trx-ELP/anti-Trx complex formed above the LCST could be reversibly dissociated below the LCST. These results demonstrate the intriguing potential of ELP nanostructures as generic, reversible, biomolecular switches for on-chip capture and release of a small number (order 100-200) of protein molecules in integrated, nanoscale bioanalytical devices. We also investigated the molecular mechanism underlying this switch by measuring the height changes that accompany the binding and desorption steps and by adhesion force spectroscopy using atomic force microscopy.
Polybenzazoles (1965)

Abstract High molecular weight polybenzazoles were prepared by self‐polycondensation of 3,4‐diaminobenzoic acid, 3‐amino‐4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, 4‐amino‐3‐hydroxybenzoic acid, and 4‐amino‐3‐mercaptobenzoic acid, or their inorganic salts in a solution of polyphosphoric acid. These polybenzazoles showed an excellent thermal stability, but poor solubility.
Conversions between S, Z, Y, H, ABCD, and T parameters which are valid for complex source and load impedances (1994)

This paper provides tables which contain the conversion between the various common two-port parameters, Z, Y, H, ABCD, S, and T. The conversions are valid for complex normalizing impedances. An example is provided which verifies the conversions to and from S parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Formylation of Aryl Halides with Carbon Monoxide and Sodium Formate in the Presence of Palladium Catalyst (1994)

Abstract The formylation of aryl bromides or iodides with HCOONa at atmospheric pressure of CO readily proceeded in the presence of PdCl2(PPh3)2 in DMF to afford the corresponding aldehydes in good yields. The contamination with water promoted a side reaction to form carboxylic acids. The formylation using HCOOK or HCOONH4 as a hydride source was fast but gave a considerable amount of the reduction product.
Acupuncture for migraine: a systematic review of Chinese literature (2008)

Abstract: Introduction: Acupuncture is widely used for the treatment of migraine, but its effectiveness is inconclusive based on findings of two recent systematic reviews. However, these reviews included very few studies conducted in Asian countries. Research papers published in Chinese are yet to be reviewed to determine their role in the overall understanding of the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for migraine. Objectives: Is acupuncture more effective than no treatment, sham/placebo acupuncture, or as effective as other interventions for migraine? Methods: Search Strategies: Electronic search was performed in the two most comprehensive Chinese e-databases, Vi Pu and Wan Fang. Keywords used were a combination of acupuncture, headache, migraine, Chinese medicine, electroacupuncture and point-stimulation. Selection Criteria: Randomised, controlled trials comparing acupuncture with any type of control interventions and reporting at least one of the clinically related outcome measures for migraine were selected. Data Collection and Analysis: Characteristics of the studies were extracted by two independent reviewers. Reporting quality and validity were assessed using the Jadad Scale, Internal Validity Scale and Oxford Pain Validity Scale. STRICTA was used to assess the reporting quality of acupuncture treatment. RevMan 4.2 was used for data analysis. Results: Seventeen studies with a total of 2097 participants (median 91; range 62-216) met the inclusion criteria. Ten studies compared acupuncture alone with western medications. The remaining seven trials compared a combined therapy of acupuncture and other therapies with western medications. None of the studies compared acupuncture with no-treatment control or sham/placebo acupuncture. None of the 17 studies was considered of high quality. Studies indicated that acupuncture alone was superior to western medications (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.88). In comparison to studies included in the other two reviews, the Chinese studies in this review had a larger sample size and acupuncture treatments were more frequent. Conclusion: There is moderate evidence that acupuncture is more effective than western pharmacotherapy. Due to the poor quality and validity of included studies, this conclusion requires further assessment. Data from Chinese literature should be included in future systematic reviews.
A Conformational Change in the Human Major Histocompatibility Complex Protein HLA-DR1 Induced by Peptide Binding (1999)

To investigate a conformational change accompanying peptide binding to class II MHC proteins, we probed the structure of a soluble version of the human class II MHC protein HLA-DR1 in empty and peptide-loaded forms. Peptide binding induced a large decrease in the effective radius of the protein as determined by gel filtration, dynamic light scattering, and analytical ultracentrifugation. It caused a substantial increase in the cooperativity of thermal denaturation and induced alterations in MHC polypeptide backbone structure as determined by circular dichroism. These changes suggest a condensation of the protein around the bound peptide. An antibody specific for beta58-69 preferentially bound the empty protein, indicating that the peptide-induced conformational change involves the beta-subunit helical region. The conformational change may have important implications for the mechanisms of intracellular antigen presentation pathways.
Altered emotional interference processing in the amygdala and insula in women with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (2012)

These results are consistent with previous studies that have higher amygdala and insular activation in PTSD subjects. However, inhibition of suppression of PFC regions is inconsistent with the fear circuitry model hypothesized by prior research. We suggest that the specific emotional conflict task used appears to target implicit or automatic emotional regulation instead of explicit or effortful emotional regulation. This is particularly relevant as it posited that emotional regulatory difficulties in anxiety disorders such as PTSD appear to occur in implicit forms of emotion regulation.
New perspectives on endothelin-1 in atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus (2012)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoconstrictor, proinflammatory and proliferative endothelial cell-derived peptide that is of significant importance in the regulation of vascular function. It is involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction including important interactions with nitric oxide. The expression and functional effects of ET-1 and its receptors are markedly altered during development of cardiovascular disease. Increased production of ET-1 and its receptors mediate many pathophysiological events contributing to the development of atherosclerosis and vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. The present review focuses on the pathophysiological role of ET-1 and the potential importance of ET receptors as a therapeutic target for treatment of these conditions.
Phase II study of oral eniluracil, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma (2001)

Although antitumor activity was observed, the frequent occurrence of severe toxicity with this regimen limited its clinical utility. Alternate schedules with a more favorable therapeutic index are undergoing clinical testing and should be pursued. The high level of toxicity observed with orally administered low dose 5-FU underscored the potency of eniluracil as a biochemical modulator.
The CD3 Conformational Change in the γδ T Cell Receptor Is Not Triggered by Antigens but Can Be Enforced to Enhance Tumor Killing (2014)

Activation of the T cell receptor (TCR) by antigen is the key step in adaptive immunity. In the αβTCR, antigen induces a conformational change at the CD3 subunits (CD3 CC) that is absolutely required for αβTCR activation. Here, we demonstrate that the CD3 CC is not induced by antigen stimulation of the mouse G8 or the human Vγ9Vδ2 γδTCR. We find that there is a fundamental difference between the activation mechanisms of the αβTCR and γδTCR that map to the constant regions of the TCRαβ/γδ heterodimers. Enforced induction of CD3 CC with a less commonly used monoclonal anti-CD3 promoted proximal γδTCR signaling but inhibited cytokine secretion. Utilizing this knowledge, we could dramatically improve in vitro tumor cell lysis by activated human γδ T cells. Thus, manipulation of the CD3 CC might be exploited to improve clinical γδ T cell-based immunotherapies.
Goals for concept representation in the GALEN project. (1993)

The GALEN project aims to develop language independent concept representation systems as the foundations for the next generation of multilingual coding systems. Traditional coding schemes have reached the limits of what can be maintained and managed, and a shift to formal compositional systems is now essential. GALEN is developing one such scheme and an associated concept model, together with criteria for their evaluation. It should provide the flexibility required to cope with the diversity amongst medical applications, whilst ensuring the coherence necessary for integration and re-use of terminologies.
Asparagine synthetase: regulation by cell stress and involvement in tumor biology (2013)

Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) catalyzes the conversion of aspartate and glutamine to asparagine and glutamate in an ATP-dependent reaction. The enzyme is ubiquitous in its organ distribution in mammals, but basal expression is relatively low in tissues other than the exocrine pancreas. Human ASNS activity is highly regulated in response to cell stress, primarily by increased transcription from a single gene located on chromosome 7. Among the genomic elements that control ASNS transcription is the C/EBP-ATF response element (CARE) within the promoter. Protein limitation or an imbalanced dietary amino acid composition activate the ASNS gene through the amino acid response (AAR), a process that is replicated in cell culture through limitation for any single essential amino acid. Endoplasmic reticulum stress also increases ASNS transcription through the PERK-eIF2-ATF4 arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Both the AAR and UPR lead to increased synthesis of ATF4, which binds to the CARE and induces ASNS transcription. Elevated expression of ASNS protein is associated with resistance to asparaginase therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and may be a predictive factor in drug sensitivity for certain solid tumors as well. Activation of the GCN2-eIF2-ATF4 signaling pathway, leading to increased ASNS expression appears to be a component of solid tumor adaptation to nutrient deprivation and/or hypoxia. Identifying the roles of ASNS in fetal development, tissue differentiation, and tumor growth may reveal that ASNS function extends beyond asparagine biosynthesis.
Experimental Evidence for a Large Slip Effect at a Nonwetting Fluid−Solid Interface (2001)

It is shown that the flow of a simple Newtonian liquid near a hard wall can be affected by the chemical nature of this wall. We have studied with a surface force apparatus (SFA) the hydrodynamic force between a sphere and a plane immersed in glycerol. The drainage of the thin film is different on a hydrophobic plane and a hydrophilic one. This effect can be interpreted, when the film is not too thin, by the existence of a slipping velocity at the boundary between the liquid and the hydrophobic solid. The slipping length is about 65 times the glycerol molecular size.
Combination Chemotherapy and ALVAC-CEA/B7.1 Vaccine in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2008)

The combination of ALVAC-CEA/B7.1 vaccine and systemic chemotherapy has an acceptable safety profile in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Systemic chemotherapy did not affect the generation of CEA-specific T-cell responses following vaccination.
Microarray-Based Identification of htrA , a Streptococcus pneumoniae Gene That Is Regulated by the CiaRH Two-Component System and Contributes to Nasopharyngeal Colonization (2002)

Nasopharyngeal carriage is the reservoir from which most disease with Streptococcus pneumoniae arises. Survival as a commensal in this environment is likely to require a set of adaptations distinct from those needed to cause disease, some of which may be mediated by two-component signal transduction systems (TCSTS). We examined the contributions of nine pneumococcal TCSTS to the process of nasopharyngeal colonization by using an infant rat model. Whereas deletions in all but one of these systems have been associated previously with a high degree of attenuation in a murine model of pneumonia, only the CiaRH system was necessary for efficient carriage. Transcriptional analysis by using microarray hybridization identified a locus consisting of two adjacent genes, htrA and spoJ, that was specifically and strongly downregulated in a DeltaciaRH-null mutant. A S. pneumoniae strain lacking the htrA gene encoding a putative serine protease, but not one lacking spoJ, showed decreased fitness in a competitive model of colonization, a finding consistent with this gene mediating a portion of the carriage deficit observed with the DeltaciaRH strain.
A Method for High-Throughput Screening of Enantioselective Catalysts (1999)

About 1000 catalytic or stoichiometric asymmetric reactions of racemic compounds or prochiral substrates bearing enantiotopic groups can be analyzed per day. In this highly efficient method the enantioselectivity is determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using isotopically labeled substrates. The picture shows the mass spectrum of the mixture obtained upon hydrolysis of 1 to afford the pseudo-enantiomeric products 2 and 3.
State Of The Art Report: Audio-Based Music Structure Analysis. (2010)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
The relation of postsynaptic geometry to the number of presynaptic axons that innervate autonomic ganglion cells (1981)

We have studied the shape of rabbit ciliary ganglion cells in relation to the number of axons that innervate each neuron. Adult ganglion cells receive synapses from one to seven different preganglionic axons. Some neurons lack dendrites altogether, whereas others have complex arborizations of up to eight primary dendrites. The neurons that receive all of their synaptic contacts from a single preganglionic axon usually have no dendrites; on the other hand, multiply innervated ganglion cells receive synapses from a number of different axons that increases in proportion to the number of primary dendrites that they possess. A possible explanation of these results is that individual ciliary ganglion cells comprise a number of separate spatial domains, each of which is largely constrained to receive innervation from a single preganglionic axon.
Lysis of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK110 and Its Nisin-Immune Transconjugant in Relation to Flavor Development in Cheese (1998)

To develop a nisin-producing cheese starter, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK110 was conjugated with transposon Tn5276-NI, which codes for nisin immunity but not for nisin production. Cheese made with transconjugant SK110::Tn5276-NI as the starter was bitter. The muropeptide of the transconjugant contained a significantly greater amount of tetrapeptides than the muropeptide of strain SK110, which could have decreased the susceptibility of the cells to lysis and thereby the release of intracellular debittering enzymes.
Immunogenicity and safety of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults 70 years of age and older previously vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (2013)

In adults aged 70 years and older previously vaccinated with PPSV23, PCV13 was significantly more immunogenic than PPSV23 for most of the common serotypes and for serotype 6A. The OPA responses after a follow-on dose of PCV13 one year later indicate that a prior dose of PPSV23, but not PCV13, diminishes the response to the subsequent administration of PCV13.
Biased Multicomponent Reactions to Develop Novel Bromodomain Inhibitors (2014)

BET bromodomain inhibition has contributed new insights into gene regulation and emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer. Structural analogy of early methyl-triazolo BET inhibitors has prompted a need for structurally dissimilar ligands as probes of bromodomain function. Using fluorous-tagged multicomponent reactions, we developed a focused chemical library of bromodomain inhibitors around a 3,5-dimethylisoxazole biasing element with micromolar biochemical IC50. Iterative synthesis and biochemical assessment allowed optimization of novel BET bromodomain inhibitors based on an imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine scaffold. Lead compound 32 (UMB-32) binds BRD4 with a Kd of 550 nM and 724 nM cellular potency in BRD4-dependent lines. Additionally, compound 32 shows potency against TAF1, a bromodomain-containing transcription factor previously unapproached by discovery chemistry. Compound 32 was cocrystallized with BRD4, yielding a 1.56 Å resolution crystal structure. This research showcases new applications of fluorous and multicomponent chemical synthesis for the development of novel epigenetic inhibitors.
Structural analysis of the zinc hydroxide–Thr‐199–Glu‐106 hydrogen‐bond network in human carbonic anhydrase II (1993)

Abstract The singnificance of the zinc hydroxide–Thr‐199–Glu‐106 hydrogen‐bond network in the active site of human carbonic anhydrase II has been examined by X‐ray crystallographic analyses of site‐specific mutants. Mutants with Ala‐199 and Ala‐106 or Gln‐106 have low catalytic activities, while a mutant with Asp‐106 has almost full CO 2 hydration activity. The structures of these four mutants, as well as that of the bicarbonate complex of the mutant with Ala‐199, have been determined at 1.7 to 2.2 Å resolution. Removal of the γ atoms of residue 199 leads to distorted tetrahedral geometry at the zine ion, and a catalytically important zinc‐bound water molecule has moved towards Glu‐106. In the bicarbonate complex of the mutant with Ala‐199 one oxygen atom from bicarbonate binds to zinc without displacing this water molecule. Tetrahedral coordination geometries are retained in the mutants at position 106. The mutants with Ala‐106 and Gln‐106 have a zinc‐bound sulfate ion, whereas this sulfate site is only partially occupied in the mutant with Asp‐106. The hydrogen‐bond network seems to be “reversed” in the mutants with Ala‐106 and Gln‐106. The network is preserved as in native enzyme in the mutant with Asp‐106 but the side chain of Asp‐106 is more extended than that of Glu‐106 in the native enzyme. These results illustrate the importance of Glu‐106 and Thr‐199 for controlling the precise coordination geometry of the zinc ion and its ligand preferences with results in an optimal orientation of a zine‐bound hydroxide ion for an attack on the CO 2 substrate. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes of opioid modulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with severe premenstrual syndrome. (1994)

To assess the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) 28 patients and 14 asymptomatic controls were studied during the mid- to late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The response of plasma cortisol to both high-dose naloxone and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) was assessed. Naloxone stimulated a significant cortisol release in controls whereas it was otherwise almost absent in patients. CRH stimulated a greater release of cortisol in patients than in controls. Fifteen patients met criteria for either current anxiety and/or mood disorders. The cortisol secretion after both naloxone and CRH stimulations was similar for PMS patients with or without psychiatric disorders. These data indicate that endogenous opioids modulate the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Irrespective of the concomitant presence of menstrual migraine or psychiatric disorder, such control is altered in patients with severe PMS because of the possible hyposensitivity of opiate receptors. The hyperresponsiveness to CRH may be the consequence of the reduced inhibition that endogenous opioids tonically exert on HPA axis.
Triheterometallic Lanthanide Complexes Prepared from Kinetically Inert Lanthanide Building Blocks (2017)

Three molecular structures, each containing three different lanthanide(III) centres, have been prepared by coupling three kinetically inert lanthanide(III) complexes in an Ugi reaction. These 2 kDa molecules were purified by dialysis and characterised by NMR and luminescence techniques. The photophysical properties of these heterotrimetallic complexes were investigated and are discussed by comparison with simpler, but related, heterodimetallic compounds. It was found that an aminonaphthalene unit inhibits the sensitisation of terbium, and that the spatial arrangement of the chromophores and lanthanide(III) centres in these molecules inhibits the efficient sensitisation of europium. We conclude that the intramolecular collisions required for efficient Dexter energy transfer from the sensitiser to the lanthanide(III) centre can be prevented by steric congestion.
Interactive reconstruction of industrial sites using parametric models (2010)

We present a new interactive modeling technique for reconstructing 3D objects from multiple images. We specifically address the problems that arise in industrial environments during camera orientation, image segmentation and modeling. An accurate camera orientation is ensured by using coded markers and surveyed points from a total station. Interactive segmentations of edges and regions in the images are used as input for fitting parametric models to the scene. We provide an intuitive interface which allows modeling artificial objects without having extensive knowledge about 3D modeling or photogrammetry.
Is the magnetic resonance imaging proton spin-lattice relaxation time a reliable noninvasive parameter of developing liver fibrosis? (1988)

During the development of liver fibrosis in rats by an individual dose-titrated CCl4 administration, hepatic proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) has been measured in vivo every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. Liver content of collagen, triglycerides and water has been measured biochemically in biopsy material. After 4 weeks of CCl4 treatment, T1 increased significantly and remained at the same level, whereas liver collagen reached its maximum at 8 weeks. It is concluded that, under our experimental conditions, increased hepatic T1 represents drug-induced edema and that hepatic T1 is not a reliable noninvasive parameter for developing liver fibrosis in vivo.