gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Immunologic Amplification vs Enzymatic Deposition of Fluorochrome-conjugated Tyramide as Detection Systems for FISH (1997)

Using various sizes and dilutions of hapten-conjugated DNA probes, we compared catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) to fluorochrome-conjugated antibody layering (immunological method) for amplifying FISH signals. Cosmid and phage probes that contained human DNA inserts of 40 KB and 15 KB, respectively, and were mapped to chromosome 15q11.2 were used to evaluate these amplification methods. The probes were used either at standard concentrations (10 ng/microliter) or at dilutions up to 1:40 (0.25 ng/microliter). Detection of FISH signals using either immunological (three antibody layers) or CARD methods were comparable when the undiluted (10 ng/microliter) or 1:4 dilution (2.5 ng/microliter) of the cosmid probe was used. Use of a single fluorochrome-conjugated antibody layer produced very weak FISH signals. However, addition of an unlabeled secondary antibody followed by a third antibody conjugated to the same fluorochrome (i.e., two rounds of amplification) produced a strong signal that was detected at a 1:4 probe dilution but was not successfully detected at probe dilutions of 1:10 or greater. In contrast, intense probe signals were produced with the CARD method at all probe dilutions, particularly when coupled to extended hapten-antibody incubation times. The 15-KB phage probe was difficult to detect at a 1:4 dilution with the standard immunologic amplification methods but was readily detected with the CARD method. These data suggest that CARD may be useful for FISH in that (a) less probe may be needed and therefore valuable probe reagents may be conserved, and (b) smaller targets may be detected, thus extending the range of this technique.
Nucleotide Sequence of the Gene Encoding the Fusion Glycoprotein of Newcastle Disease Virus (1986)

The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the fusion (F) glycoprotein of the Beaudette C strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been determined from cDNA clones obtained from virion RNA. The gene is 1792 nucleotides long, including mRNA start and polyadenylation signals typical of paramyxoviruses. The single open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 553 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 59042. The F polypeptide has three regions of high hydrophobicity: an N-terminal signal peptide, the N terminus of F1 (known from protein sequencing) and a C-terminal membrane-spanning region by which the F glycoprotein is anchored to the membrane. The cleavage site of F0 is located in a highly basic region of the F polypeptide. Five potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites are present in the amino acid sequence, of which one is in F2 and the others in F1. Comparison of the NDV F amino acid sequence to those from other paramyxoviruses reveals homology to Sendai virus, simian virus 5 and human respiratory syncytial virus. There is also limited homology between the N terminus of F1 of NDV and the N termini of HA2 of influenza viruses. Post-translational modifications of the NDV F polypeptide are discussed in the light of information provided by the amino acid sequence.
Tcl1 enhances Akt kinase activity and mediates its nuclear translocation (2000)

The TCL1 oncogene at 14q32.1 is involved in the development of human mature T-cell leukemia. The mechanism of action of Tcl1 is unknown. Because the virus containing the v-akt oncogene causes T-cell lymphoma in mice and Akt is a key player in transduction of antiapoptotic and proliferative signals in T-cells, we investigated whether Akt and Tcl1 function in the same pathway. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that endogenous Akt1 and Tcl1 physically interact in the T-cell leukemia cell line SupT11; both proteins also interact when cotransfected into 293 cells. Using several AKT1 constructs in cotransfection experiments, we determined that this interaction occurs through the pleckstrin homology domain of the Akt1 protein. We further demonstrated that, in 293 cells transfected with TCL1, the endogenous Akt1 bound to Tcl1 is 5-10 times more active compared with Akt1 not bound to Tcl1. The intracellular localization of Tcl1 and Akt1 in mouse fibroblasts was investigated by immunofluorescence. When transfected alone, Akt1 was found only in cytoplasm whereas Tcl1 was localized in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Interestingly, Akt1 was also found in the nucleus when AKT1 was cotransfected with TCL1, suggesting that Tcl1 promotes the transport of Akt1 to the nucleus. These findings were supported by the intracellular localization of Akt1 or Tcl1 when Tcl1 or Akt1, respectively, were confined to the specific cellular compartments. Thus, we demonstrate that Tcl1 is a cofactor of Akt1 that enhances Akt1 kinase activity and promotes its nuclear transport.
N‐Arylation of isatins. A direct route to N‐arylisatoic anhydrides (1987)

Abstract The synthesis of N ‐arylisatoic anhydrides 3 has been accomplished by using a two‐step process. The key reaction in the sequence is the direct N ‐arylation of isatin with an aryl bromide in the presence of cupric oxide. Subsequent oxidation of the resulting N ‐aryl isatin 2 with m ‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid furnishes the desired products.
5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-β-4-Ribofuranoside Inhibits Proinflammatory Response in Glial Cells: A Possible Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (2004)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is tightly regulated by the cellular AMP:ATP ratio and plays a central role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolic stress. A pharmacological activator of AMPK, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase in primary rat astrocytes, microglia, and peritoneal macrophages. AICAR attenuates the LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor kappaB via downregulation of IkappaB kinase alpha/beta activity. It also inhibits nuclear translocation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) transcription factor by inhibiting the expression of C/EBP-delta in brain glial cells. The dominant negative form of AMPKalpha2 (D157A) and its antisense documents a possible role of AMPK in the regulation of the cellular proinflammatory process. AICAR also inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators in serum and their expression in CNS of rats injected with a sublethal dose of LPS by intraperitoneal injection. These observations in cultured cells as well as in the animal model suggest that AICAR may be of therapeutic value in treating inflammatory diseases.
The endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi pathway is a target for translocation and aggregation of mutant superoxide dismutase linked to ALS (2008)

Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) are responsible for 20% cases of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the mechanism of motor neuron degeneration caused by ALS-linked SOD1 mutants is not fully understood. Here, we used novel live cell imaging techniques to demonstrate the subcellular localization of EGFP-fused SOD1 of both wild-type (WT) and ALS-linked mutant forms in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. The presence of WT and mutant SOD1 species in luminal structures was further confirmed by immunoblotting analysis of microsomal fractions from spinal cord lysates of SOD1 transgenic mice prepared by sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation. Chemical cross-linking studies also revealed an age-dependent aggregation of mutant SOD1, but not of WT SOD1, prominently in the microsomal fraction. Cell-free translocation assays provided evidence that monomeric SOD1 is a molecular form that can be translocated into luminal structures in the presence of ATP. Our finding that the ER-Golgi pathway is a predominant cellular site of aggregation of mutant SOD1 suggests that secretion could play a key role in pathogenesis, which is in line with the view that the disease is non-cell autonomous.
A Novel Discriminative Framework for Sentence-Level Discourse Analysis (2012)

We propose a complete probabilistic discrim-inative framework for performing sentence-level discourse analysis. Our framework com-prises a discourse segmenter, based on a bi-nary classifier, and a discourse parser, which applies an optimal CKY-like parsing algo-rithm to probabilities inferred from a Dynamic Conditional Random Field. We show on two corpora that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art, often by a wide margin. 1
Nanometer-sized semiconductor clusters: materials synthesis, quantum size effects, and photophysical properties (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNanometer-sized semiconductor clusters: materials synthesis, quantum size effects, and photophysical propertiesYing Wang and N. HerronCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 2, 525–532Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100155a009https://doi.org/10.1021/j100155a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7600Altmetric-Citations1757LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Oxazolidines. (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe Oxazolidines.Ernst D. BergmannCite this: Chem. Rev. 1953, 53, 2, 309–352Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60165a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60165a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1505Altmetric-Citations164LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thiol Ester−Boronic Acid Coupling. A Mechanistically Unprecedented and General Ketone Synthesis (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThiol Ester−Boronic Acid Coupling. A Mechanistically Unprecedented and General Ketone SynthesisLanny S. Liebeskind and Jiri SroglView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Emory University 1515 Pierce Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 45, 11260–11261Publication Date (Web):October 26, 2000Publication History Received15 September 2000Published online26 October 2000Published inissue 1 November 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja005613qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja005613qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14026Altmetric-Citations554LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Boron,Cross coupling reaction,Ketones,Organic compounds,Thiols Get e-Alerts
Corporate and White Collar Crime: Simplifying the Ambiguous (1994)

This study was performed to compare the transarterial (T) and paraarterial (P) approaches for brachial plexus block, in terms of success rate, onset time and duration of analgesia and complications. Hundred patients scheduled for elbow, arm or hand surgery at Tabriz Shohada hospital from October 2005 to December 2006, randomly allocated into two groups (n=50 per group), based on the approach chosen to block the brachial plexus. For local anesthesia each patient received 22.5 mL of 2% lidocaine with 17.5 mL distilled water (in total volume of 40 mL and total dose of 450 mg) and 1/200,000 epinephrine with a standard 23 gauge needle. All patients were sedated with 1 microg kg(-1) of fentanyl and 0.02-0.05 mg kg(-1) of midazolam. There was no statistical difference between the groups in duration of analgesia but the onset of anesthesia was significantly quicker in paraarterial technique (3.5 vs. 13.4 min, p < 0.001). Success rate was 86% in group T and 98% in group P (p = 0.03). Two percent of patients in group P and 6% in group T had total failure of the block and 8% of the group T required supplementary drug. Paraarterial method for axillary block is preferable due to quicker onset of blockade and higher success rate.
Turmeric — chemistry, technology, and quality (1980)

Turmeric is a minor spice in the West, but a major one in the East. It is valued by Westerners mainly, if not solely, on account of its color, but to the Asians both color and aroma are equally important. This review critically appraises the existing knowledge on the chemistry of the functionally important constituents, the processing of the spice into wholes, powder, and oleoresins, and the objective methods and standards available for evaluation of quality. The importance of the mild (but persistent) aroma, and the lack of detailed knowledge on the significant volatiles are discussed. Some unpublished data on significant aroma components, a tristimulus study of color, and subjective evaluations of quality are summarized. Other areas briefly discussed are the production and trade, curry powder, allied spices, and biosynthetic and physiological aspects. The confusion existing in the literature on the nomenclature of species included in the genus Curcuma is pointed out. In view of the growing importance of turmeric and its extracts as a natural food color, recent results on toxicological aspects are discussed. The areas in which research is needed are indicated at the end.
The use of low-energy photon therapy in the treatment of leg ulcers – a preliminary study (1997)

Background: Leg ulcers affect 0.1–0.4% of the population and are a significant source of morbidity the world over. Many ulcers are chronic having responded poorly to conventional therapies.Objective: We evaluated low-energy laser therapy (LELT) (or low-energy photon therapy, LEPT) as a form of biostimulation for the treatment of venous leg ulcers.Methods: In this 24-week uncontrolled trial, we entered nine outpatients with 15 venous ulcers of 6–78 weeks duration, many of which had been unresponsive to conventional therapy. The leg ulcers were treated with two monochromatic optical sources. One provided a wavelength (λ) of 660 nm and the second source delivered infrared irradiation of wavelength 880 nm. Two optical probes were used, one of which consisted of an array of 22 monochromatic sources, operating at a wavelength of 660 nm and covering an area of 6 × 10 cm2. Each source had a power (P) of 6 mW and an energy density (D) of 4 J/cm2, continuous wave mode. The second probe had seven infrared sources, operating at a wavelength of 880 nm and covering an area of 4 cm2. Each source had a power of 12 mW and an energy density of 4 J/cm2, pulse frequency 4 Hz. The above configuration of optical probes was selected to cover all or the majority of the ulcer being treated. The first course of therapy comprised 30 treatments given three times per week for 10 weeks. Those patients whose ulcers remained unhealed after 10 weeks applied wet to dry dressings to the ulcers for a period of 2–3 weeks during which time no LEPT was administered. At this point, patients received a second course of 30 further treatments over 10 weeks. Patients whose ulcers healed were discharged from the study at that point. For the duration of the study no treatment other than LELT was permitted.Results: Of 15 venous ulcers, 12 (75%) had healed or improved markedly (greater than 75% reduction in pretherapy area of ulcer) by the end of the study. Side-effects consisted of erythema at the ulcer site in one patient.Conclusion: The results of this preliminary study looking at the effectiveness of LEPT in venous leg ulcers are encouraging, and suggest that double-blind trials are indicated.
Angiographic and electrophysiological substrates for ventricular tachycardia mapping through the coronary veins (1998)

Epicardial mapping through the coronary veins in patients with ventricular tachycardia is feasible, safe, and can be a useful landmark for endocardial catheter mapping and ablation.
Prevention and Treatment of Major Blood Loss (2007)

The most common medical cause of major blood loss is surgery, particularly cardiovascular procedures, liver transplantation and hepatic resection, and major orthopedic procedures. Excessive blood loss may also occur for other reasons, such as trauma. This article reviews the benefits of hemostatic drugs and considers the associated risk of adverse events, particularly thrombotic complications.
A comparison of still, animated, or nonillustrated on-line help with written or spoken instructions in a graphical user interface (1995)

Article Free Access Share on A comparison of still, animated, or nonillustrated on-line help with written or spoken instructions in a graphical user interface Author: Susan M. Harrison Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WIView Profile Authors Info & Claims CHI '95: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsMay 1995 Pages 82–89https://doi.org/10.1145/223904.223915Published:01 May 1995Publication History 50citation1,162DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations50Total Downloads1,162Last 12 Months129Last 6 weeks22 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Complex Faraday Rotation in Microstructured Magneto‐optical Fiber Waveguides (2011)

Magneto-optical glasses are of considerable current interest, primarily for applications in fiber circuitry, optical isolation, all-optical diodes, optical switching and modulation. While the benchmark materials are still crystalline, glasses offer a variety of unique advantages, such as very high rare-earth and heavy-metal solubility and, in principle, the possibility of being produced in fiber form. In comparison to conventional fiber-drawing processes, pressure-assisted melt-filling of microcapillaries or photonic crystal fibers with magneto-optical glasses offers an alternative route to creating complex waveguide architectures from unusual combinations of glasses. For instance, strongly diamagnetic tellurite or chalcogenide glasses with high refractive index can be combined with silica in an all-solid, microstructured waveguide. This promises the implementation of as-yet-unsuitable but strongly active glass candidates as fiber waveguides, for example in photonic crystal fibers.
The DNA site utilized by bacteriophage P22 for initiation of DNA packaging (2002)

Virion proteins recognize their cognate nucleic acid for encapsidation into virions through recognition of a specific nucleotide sequence contained within that nucleic acid. Viruses like bacteriophage P22, which have partially circularly permuted, double-stranded virion DNAs, encapsidate DNA through processive series of packaging events in which DNA is recognized for packaging only once at the beginning of the series. Thus a single DNA recognition event programmes the encapsidation of multiple virion chromosomes. The protein product of P22 gene 3, a terminase component, is thought to be responsible for this recognition. The site on the P22 genome that is recognized by the gene 3 protein to initiate packaging series is called the pac site. We report here a strategy for assaying pac site activity in vivo, and the utilization of this system to identify and characterize the site genetically. It is an asymmetric site that spans 22 basepairs and is located near the centre of P22 gene 3.
Visually significant QR codes: Image blending and statistical analysis (2013)

QR codes are widely used as a means of conveying textual information, such as emails, hyperlinks, or phone numbers, through images that are interpreted using a smartphone camera. The codes take up valuable space in print media. The random appearance of QR codes not only detracts from the production values of the advertisement in which they appear, but the codes are also visually insignificant in the sense that a human cannot discern the vendor, brand, or purpose of the code just by looking at it, without the aid of scanning software. Though neither the aesthetics nor the visual significance of the code matter for scanning purposes, they do matter for advertising layout and, more importantly, can provide valuable brand distinction. In this paper, we show how the visually significant QR codes may be obtained by image blending. Unlike various ad-hoc methods that have been proposed by others, our method leaves completely intact the error correction budget of the code. Our method allows images as diverse as corporate logos and family photographs to be embedded in the code in full color. We provide a detailed statistical analysis of the method to show the effect of blending on error rates in noisy environments.