gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus-mediated urokinase gene transfer induces liver regeneration and allows for efficient retrovirus transduction of hepatocytes in vivo. (1995)

Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into hepatocytes in vivo results in long-term gene expression. Limitations include the need to remove two-thirds of the liver and the relatively low frequency of gene transfer. To increase gene transfer without surgical hepatectomy, mouse hepatocytes were transduced in vivo with a recombinant adenovirus that transiently expressed urokinase, resulting in high rates of asynchronous liver regeneration. During the regenerative phase, in vivo retroviral-mediated gene transfer in hepatocytes resulted in 5- to 10-fold greater transduction efficiencies than that obtained by conventional partial hepatectomy. In 3-4 weeks, the architecture and microscopic structure of the recipient livers were normal. The two-viral system of achieving permanent transgene expression from hepatocytes in vivo offers an alternative approach to current ex vivo and in vivo gene-transfer models.
Molecular Engineering of Matrix-Targeted Retroviral Vectors Incorporating a Surveillance Function Inherent in von Willebrand Factor (2000)

A major obstacle that limits the potential of human gene therapy is the inefficiency of gene delivery to appropriate sites in vivo. Previous studies demonstrated that the physiological surveillance function performed by von Willebrand factor (vWF) could be incorporated into retroviral vectors by molecular engineering of the MuLV ecotropic envelope (Env) protein. To advance the application of vWF targeting technology beyond laboratory animals, we prepared an extensive series of Env proteins bearing modified vWF-derived matrix-binding sequences and assembled these chimeric proteins into targeted vectors that are capable of transducing human cells. Initially, a dual envelope configuration was utilized, which required coexpression of a wild-type amphotropic Env. Subsequently, streamlined "escort" Env proteins were constructed wherein the inoperative receptor-binding domain of the targeting partner was replaced by the vWF-derived collagen-binding motif. Ultimately, an optimal construct was developed that exhibited properties of both extracellular matrix (ECM)-targeting and near wild-type amphotropic infectivity, and could be arrayed as a single envelope on a retroviral particle. On intraarterial instillation, enhanced focal transduction of neointimal cells (approximately 20%) was demonstrated in a rat model of balloon angioplasty. Moreover, transduction of tumor foci (approximately 1-3%) was detected after portal vein infusion of a matrix-targeted vector in a nude mouse model of liver metastasis. We conclude that the unique properties of these targeted injectable retroviral vectors would be suitable for improving therapeutic gene delivery in numerous clinical applications, including vascular restenosis, laser and other surgical procedures, orthopedic injuries, wound healing, ischemia, arthritis, inflammatory disease, and metastatic cancer.
Effect of berberine and Berberis aetnensis C. Presl. alkaloid extract on glutamate‐evoked tissue transglutaminase up‐regulation in astroglial cell cultures (2010)

Berberis aetnensis C. Presl. is a bushy-spiny shrub common on Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy), containing various alkaloids with several pharmacological properties. This study assessed the effect of berberine and of the alkaloid extract of B. aetnensis roots on the glutamate-evoked tissue transglutaminase (TG2) up-regulation in rat astrocyte primary cultures, used as an in vitro model of excitotoxicity. The findings show that the alkaloid extract of B. aetnensis roots consists mainly of berberine. Furthermore, berberine and the alkaloid extract of B. aetnensis roots were able to restore the oxidative status modified by glutamate and the levels of TG2 to control values. It was found that berberine or the alkaloid extract of B. aetnensis roots are able to ameliorate the excessive production of glutamate, protein misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial fragmentation, and neurodegeneration. Thus, it is suggested that berberine and the alkaloid extract of B. aetnensis roots, may represent a natural therapeutic strategy in the neuropathological conditions associated with excitotoxicity.
Minerva: Enabling Low-Power, Highly-Accurate Deep Neural Network Accelerators (2016)

The continued success of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in classification tasks has sparked a trend of accelerating their execution with specialized hardware. While published designs easily give an order of magnitude improvement over general-purpose hardware, few look beyond an initial implementation. This paper presents Minerva, a highly automated co-design approach across the algorithm, architecture, and circuit levels to optimize DNN hardware accelerators. Compared to an established fixed-point accelerator baseline, we show that fine-grained, heterogeneous data type optimization reduces power by 1.5×, aggressive, in-line predication and pruning of small activity values further reduces power by 2.0×, and active hardware fault detection coupled with domain-aware error mitigation eliminates an additional 2.7× through lowering SRAM voltages. Across five datasets, these optimizations provide a collective average of 8.1× power reduction over an accelerator baseline without compromising DNN model accuracy. Minerva enables highly accurate, ultra-low power DNN accelerators (in the range of tens of milliwatts), making it feasible to deploy DNNs in power-constrained IoT and mobile devices.
Attitudes and Practices Regarding Use of Progesterone to Prevent Preterm Births (2009)

We sought to describe current attitudes and practices of obstetrician-gynecologists regarding use of progesterone and prevention of preterm birth. A self-administered survey was mailed to American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Fellows and Junior Fellows in Practice in March to May 2007. The survey consisted of 36 questions, including respondents' demographic characteristics, preterm birth risk factor knowledge and screening practices, and use of progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth. The response rate was 52% ( N = 345); most respondents were general obstetrician-gynecologists (89%). Many (74%) reported recommending or offering progesterone for prevention of preterm birth. Almost all (93%) reported use for the indication of previous spontaneous preterm birth. However, many also reported use for other indications such as dilated/effaced cervix (37%), short cervix on ultrasound (34%), and cerclage (26%). These results suggest that most obstetricians recommend or offer progesterone to prevent preterm birth for women with a previous spontaneous preterm birth and many also offer it for women with other high-risk obstetric conditions.
The failed HIV Merck vaccine study: a step back or a launching point for future vaccine development? (2008)

The world of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines has suffered a baffling setback. The first trial of a vaccine designed to elicit strong cellular immunity has shown no protection against infection. More alarmingly, the vaccine appeared to increase the rate of HIV infection in individuals with prior immunity against the adenovirus vector used in the vaccine. A new study in this issue suggests that a different vaccine approach-using a DNA prime/poxvirus boost strategy-induces polyfunctional immune responses to an HIV immunogen. The disappointing results of the recent vaccine trial suggest that a more thorough assessment of vaccine-induced immune responses is urgently needed, and that more emphasis should be placed on primate models before efficacy trials are undertaken.
Reassessment of the Limiting Efficiency for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells (2013)

Recently, several parameters relevant for modeling crystalline silicon solar cells were improved or revised, e.g., the international standard solar spectrum or properties of silicon such as the intrinsic recombination rate and the intrinsic carrier concentration. In this study, we analyzed the influence of these improved state-of-the-art parameters on the limiting efficiency for crystalline silicon solar cells under 1-sun illumination at 25°C, by following the narrow-base approximation to model ideal solar cells. We also considered bandgap narrowing, which was not addressed so far with respect to efficiency limitation. The new calculations that are presented in this study result in a maximum theoretical efficiency of 29.43% for a 110-μm-thick solar cell made of undoped silicon. A systematic calculation of the I-V parameters as a function of the doping concentration and the cell thickness together with an analysis of the loss current at maximum power point provides further insight into the intrinsic limitations of silicon solar cells.
Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer Disease and Aging: Antioxidants (2007)

There is considerable evidence showing that oxidative damage is one of the earliest neuronal and pathological changes of Alzheimer disease and many, if not all, of the etiological and pathological causes of the disease are related, directly or indirectly, to free radical production and oxidative damage. Here we summarize the current body of knowledge suggestive that oxidative damage is, if not the key factor, certainly a major factor in Alzheimer disease. As such, therapeutic modalities encompassing antioxidants may be an effective approach to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and delay the aging process.
Binding and Uptake of Agalactosyl IgG by Mannose Receptor on Macrophages and Dendritic Cells (1999)

Abstract Increased levels of agalactosyl IgG (G0 IgG) are found in several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, in which they are correlated with severity of the disease. To investigate whether structural alteration of IgG may lead to aberrant processing and presentation of IgG peptides as autoantigens, we have studied uptake of G0 IgG by human dendritic cells and macrophages cultured from PBMC. We found that enzymatic removal of terminal galactose residues, which exposes N-acetylglucosamine residues, increases uptake of soluble IgG mediated by mannose receptor on macrophages and dendritic cells. Efficient uptake appears to require recycling of the receptor, can be blocked by saccharides or Abs reactive with mannose receptor, and is dependent upon the state of maturation of the dendritic cells. No differences between IgG isotypes in ability to be internalized by APC were identified, suggesting that uptake would not be limited to a particular subset of Abs. These results suggest a novel pathway by which Abs or Ag-Ab complexes can be taken into dendritic cells and macrophages, and potentially generate epitopes recognized by T cells. These findings may have particular relevance for autoimmune disorders characterized by high levels of G0 IgG.
PERSONAJES ILUSTRES EN EL GRUPO DE PREPARATORIANOS (2003)

LOS INTEGRANTES DEL GRUPO DE PREPARATORIANOS 1920-1924 AC, ORGANIZACION DECANA DE EGRESADOS DE UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL, CONMEMORARON SUS ANIVERSARIOS 83 DE HABERSE CONOCIDO Y 51 DE FUNDACION DE DICHA ORGANIZACION, DE CUAL HAN SURGIDO HOMBRES Y MUJERES ILUSTRES DEDICADOS A POLITICA Y LITERATURA, ENTRE OTRAS PROFESIONES. DURANTE CEREMONIA, QUE SE EFECTUO EN EL ANFITEATRO SIMON BOLIVAR DEL ANTIGUO COLEGIO DE SAN ILDEFONSO, HECTOR HERRERA LEON Y VELEZ, DIRECTOR GENERAL DE ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA (ENP), SENALO QUE NO CABE DUDA QUE GENERACION 20-24 -CUYO LEMA ES NUESTRO PENSAMIENTO Y ACCION POR GRANDEZA DE MEXICO- ES UN ORGULLO PARA UNIVERSIDAD Y EL PAIS. QUIENES INTEGRAN ESTE GRUPO, DESTACO, SE HAN DISTINGUIDO POR HABER SIDO LOS PRIMEROS EN FORMAR UNA ASOCIACION DE EXALUMNOS DE UNIVERSIDAD. SARITA CANTU CABRERA, PRESIDENTA ADJUNTA DEL GRUPO, REMEMORO CUANDO HACE 83 ANOS, COMO ESTUDIANTE DE PREPARATORIA, LES LLAMABAN A ELLA Y A SUS COMPANEROS PERROS, GATOS, LOROS-COTORROS Y, FINALMENTE, PERSONAS, DE ACUERDO COMO SUBIAN DE GRADO ESCOLAR. DIJO SIEMPRE EVOCAR A SUS QUERIDOS MAESTROS, ENTRE QUIENES RESALTO A ERASMO CASTELLANOS, RAMON LOPEZ VELARDE, NARCISO BASSOLS Y VICENTE LOMBARDO TOLEDANO. GUILLERMINA MARTINEZ DE MOSTALAC, PRESIDENTA DEL GRUPO, PIDIO UN APLAUSO PARA MIGUEL ALEM N VALDES, EXPRESIDENTE DE MEXICO Y QUIEN FUE FUNDADOR DEL GRUPO DE PREPARATORIANOS 1920-1924 AC. EN SESION SE OTORGARON VENERAS A SEIS PREPARATORIANOS, QUIENES SE HAN DISTINGUIDO EN SUS DIFERENTES ACTIVIDADES PROFESIONALES: DAVID TORRES NAVA, VICTOR PLATA PEREZ Y ARELI MONTES SU REZ, DIRECTORES DEL PLANTEL 5 JOSE VASCONCELOS, DEL PLANTEL 8 MIGUEL SCHULZ Y DE GACETA UNAM, RESPECTIVAMENTE. TAMBIEN RECIBIO LIDIA ORTEGA GONZ LEZ, JEFA DE UNIDAD DE INVESTIGACION Y APOYO PEDAGOGICO DE ENP, Y MARIA DOLORES VALLE MARTINEZ, SECRETARIA GENERAL DE PREPA 5. ASIMISMO, LE DIERON DICHO RECONOCIMIENTO A MANUEL RODRIGUEZ FRAUSTRO, INGENIERO AFICIONADO A MUSICA, RAZON POR CUAL FORMO PRIMERA ORQUESTA DE ENP, QUE DESPUES AL INICIAR SU CARRERA UNIVERSITARIA SERIA ORQUESTA DE INGENIERIA; FUE TAMBIEN QUIEN CONSIGUIO EL PRIMER ESPACIO EN RADIO PARA UNIVERSIDAD, EL PROGRAMA MUSICAL LA HORA DE UNAM.
Infrared spectra and resonance interaction of amide‐I vibration of the parallel‐chain pleated sheet (1976)

Abstract Resonance vibrational interactions of amide I for the parallel‐chain pleated‐sheet structure have been treated on the basis of the perturbation theory in a dipole–dipole approximation. The infinite sheet and finite fragments of different types have been considered. The possibility of experimental observation by infrared spectra of parallel‐chain pleated‐sheet fragments in globular proteins is discussed.
Fluorine in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology (2009)

The extraordinary potential of fluorine-containing biologically relevant molecules in biology, medicinal chemistry, and medical applications has been recognized by researchers who are not in the traditional fluorine chemistry field, and thus a new wave of fluorine chemistry is expanding its biomedical frontiers. This book contains comprehensive reviews on cutting-edge developments and future prospects of fluorine in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. It is essential for researchers who want to take advantage of the use of fluorine in biomedical research, from rational drug design, theory and
FID‐based lung MRI at 0.5 T: Theoretical considerations and practical implications (1998)

Pulse sequences based on FID signals and projection reconstruction (PR) were investigated for lung MRI at 0.5 T and evaluated for artifacts caused by: (1) k-space mismapping due to either delay or distortion of the readout gradient waveform, (2) cardiac motion and pulsatile flow, and (3) respiratory motion. Nonstructured artifacts were described, simulated, and experimentally confirmed for the first time. Nonstructured artifacts did not impair the demonstration of structures of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) but generated quantitative errors in the image intensity analysis over the lung parenchyma. The use of FID-based PR techniques for lung MRI is not justified at 0.5 T.
Oligosaccharides of the glycoprotein of rabies virus (1977)

The number of oligosaccharide side chains on rabies virus glycoprotein (G-protein) was investigated. Analysis of glycopeptides obtained by protease digestion of desialated G-protein revealed three discrete glycopeptides. Comparison of the protease digestion products from desialated and from untreated G-protein indicated a heterogeneity among the glycopeptides in the sialic acid content. Two major tryptic glycopeptides were isolated from desialated rabies virus G-protein and analyzed after protease digestion; one contained two oligosaccharide side chains and the other contained a single oligosaccharide side chain.
Internetworking Multimedia (1999)

This is a book about multimedia communication using the Internet. Since very early research experiments in the 1970s until the 1990s, multimedia has grown rapidly as a presence on the network, even though the Internet was originally developed to support data communications between computers. The whole definition of `data' has broadened, and we can now capture, compress, store, decompress, replay, send and receive digital audio and video almost as easily as files of text. We have started using computers and the Internet increasingly as a means of communication, as a replacement for the telephone, for conferencing and for delivering classes and seminars to remote participants. Internetworking Multimedia describes the technologies and systems that make this possible. It is not only descriptive, but prescriptive in that it gives a models for developing multimedia distributed systems which as well as being suited for many purposes is also fun. An ideal read for engineers and students at Master's level, both implementing and studying multimedia on the Internet, as well as essential reference reading for network managers and administrators handling both public and private systems, computer industry product developers and IS managers.
[Vaccination against malaria: initial trial with an ant-sporozoite vaccine, (NANP)3-TT (RO 40-2361) in Africa (Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso)]. (1990)

The vaccine (NANP)3-TT is a synthetic peptide of the circumsporozoite protein (CS) of Plasmodium falciparum coupled to tetanus toxoid (TT) as protein carrier and adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant. The objectives of the study were to assess the immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of the vaccine in an area where malaria is endemic. The study was conducted in a zone of irrigated rice cultivation known as the Vallée du Kou to the North of Bobo-Dioulasso. Malaria transmission is permanent in the Vallée with maxima in July and November. The study was conducted from June to December 1988. It was a controlled randomised, double blind, prospective vaccine trial. A total of 123 infants from 3 to 5 months of age were randomly assigned to three groups. Group I (controls) received three doses of TT alone, group II received two doses of TT and one of (NANP)3-TT and group III received three doses of (NANP)3-TT. These vaccines were administered simultaneously with the Enlarged Program of Immunisation (EPI) vaccines. The clinical parasitological and immunological status of the children was then monitored over a period of five months. No systemic reactions to the vaccine were observed in the infants either immediately after administration or during the follow-up. Minor local tumefactions were observed in only 3% of the children. The vaccine was found to be immunogenic with a peak IgG response at day 75, when 56% (group II) and 60% (group III) showed antibody titres of at least four times that seen at day 0. The response, however, was a short duration; by day 150 the average antibody titres were not significantly different between the three groups. The incidence and the level of parasiaemia and the incidence of clinical malaria were also not significantly different for each of the three groups during the period of the study. The association of (NANP)3 with tetanus toxoid was not shown to be immunologically inhibitive. The results, despite not showing a protective effect for the vaccine (NANP)3-TT, have shown its immunogenicity and therefore suggest that further development of this vaccine may be worthwhile.
High Levels of Foreign Gene Expression in Hepatocytes after Tail Vein Injections of Naked Plasmid DNA (1999)

We have previously shown that the intramuscular injection of naked plasmid DNA enables foreign gene expression in muscle. Further studies showed that the intravascular delivery of naked plasmid DNA enables high levels of expression not only in muscle but also in hepatocytes. For the liver, this technique required injection directly into the liver vessels (portal vein, hepatic vein, or bile duct) and occlusion of outflow. The present study now demonstrates that high levels of plasmid DNA expression in hepatocytes can be easily obtained by tail vein injections. The highest levels of expression are achieved by rapidly injecting the plasmid DNA in large volumes, approximately 2.5 ml. This technique has great potential for a wide variety of laboratory studies.
TRPV2 ion channels expressed in inhibitory motor neurons of gastric myenteric plexus contribute to gastric adaptive relaxation and gastric emptying in mice (2012)

Gastric adaptive relaxation (GAR) is impaired in ~40% of functional dyspepsia (FD) patients, and nitric oxide (NO) released from inhibitory motor neurons plays an important role in this relaxation. Although the underlying molecular mechanism of GAR is poorly understood, transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) mechano- and chemoreceptors are expressed in mouse intestinal inhibitory motor neurons and are involved in intestinal relaxation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of TRPV2 in inhibitory motor neurons throughout the mouse gastrointestinal tract and the contribution of TRPV2 to GAR. RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses were used to detect TRPV2 mRNA and protein, respectively. Intragastric pressure was determined with an isolated mouse stomach. Gastric emptying (GE) in vivo was determined using a test meal. TRPV2 mRNA was detected throughout the mouse gastrointestinal tract, and TRPV2 immunoreactivity was detected in 84.3% of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-expressing myenteric neurons in the stomach. GAR, which was expressed as the rate of decline of intragastric pressure in response to volume stimuli, was significantly enhanced by the TRPV2 activator probenecid, and the enhancement was inhibited by the TRPV2 inhibitor tranilast. GE was significantly accelerated by TRPV2 agonist applications, and the probenecid-induced enhancement was significantly inhibited by tranilast coapplication. Mechanosensitive TRPV2 was expressed in inhibitory motor neurons in the mouse stomach and contributed to GAR and GE. TRPV2 may be a promising target for FD patients with impaired GAR.
Experimental evaluation of robot-assisted tactile sensing for minimally invasive surgery (2008)

The 10 mm incisions used in minimally invasive cancer surgery prevent direct manual palpation of internal organs, making intraoperative tumor localization difficult. A tactile sensing instrument (TSI), that uses a commercially available sensor to measure distributed pressure profiles along the contacting surface, has been developed to facilitate remote tissue palpation. The objective of this research was to assess the feasibility of using the TSI under robotic control to reliably locate underlying tumors. The performance of human and robot manipulation of the TSI to locate tumor phantoms embedded into ex vivo bovine livers was compared. An Augmented Hybrid Impedance Control scheme was implemented on a Mitsubishi PA10-7C robot to perform force/position control during the trials. The results showed that using the TSI under robotic control realized an average 35% decrease in the maximum forces applied, and more than a 50% increase in tumor detection accuracy when compared to manual manipulation of the same instrument. This demonstrates that tumor detection using tactile sensing is highly dependent on the consistent application of forces on the tactile sensing area and that robotic assistance can be of great benefit when trying to localize tumors during minimally invasive surgery.