gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Registration for outdoor augmented reality applications using computer vision techniques and hybrid sensors (2003)

Registration for outdoor systems for Augmented Reality (AR) cannot rely on the methods developed for indoor use (e.g., magnetic tracking, fiducial markers). Although GPS and the earth's magnetic field can be used to obtain a rough estimate of position and orientation, the precision of this registration method is not high enough for satisfying AR overlay. Computer vision methods can help to improve the registration precision by tracking visual clues whose real world positions are known. We have developed a system that can exploit horizon silhouettes for improving the orientation precision of a camera which is aligned with the user's view. It has been shown that this approach is able to provide registration even as a stand-alone system, although the usual limitations of computer vision prohibit to use it under unfavorable conditions. This paper describes the approach of registration by using horizon silhouettes. Based on the known observer location (from GPS), the 360 degree silhouette is computed from a digital elevation map database. Registration is achieved, when the extracted visual horizon silhouette segment is matched onto this predicted silhouette. Significant features (mountain peaks) are cues which provide hypotheses for the match. Several criteria are tested to find the best matching hypothesis. The system is implemented on a PC under Windows NT. Results are shown in this paper.
Dynamic Reconfiguration On-Demand: Real-time Adaptivity in Next Generation Microelectronics (2005)

Misreporting changes will affect analysis and should, at a minimum, be acknowledged when comparing 2015 with 2004. Using a comparable category of plausible reporters or adjusting for reporting status are options that will allow a better comparison of these two datasets.
Dissecting the Cell-killing Mechanism of the Topoisomerase II-targeting Drug ICRF-193 (2004)

Topoisomerase II is an essential enzyme that is targeted by a number of clinically valuable anticancer drugs. One class referred to as topoisomerase II poisons works by increasing the cellular level of topoisomerase II-mediated DNA breaks, resulting in apoptosis. Another class of topoisomerase II-directed drugs, the bis-dioxopiperazines, stabilizes the conformation of the enzyme where it attains an inactive salt-stable closed clamp structure. Bis-dioxopiperazines, similar to topoisomerase II poisons, induce cell killing, but the underlying mechanism is presently unclear. In this study, we use three different biochemically well characterized human topoisomerase IIalpha mutant enzymes to dissect the catalytic requirements needed for the enzyme to cause dominant sensitivity in yeast to the bis-dioxopirazine ICRF-193 and the topoisomerase II poison m-AMSA. We find that the clamp-closing activity, the DNA cleavage activity, and even both activities together are insufficient for topoisomerase II to cause dominant sensitivity to ICRF-193 in yeast. Rather, the strand passage event per se is an absolute requirement, most probably because this involves a simultaneous interaction of the enzyme with two DNA segments. Furthermore, we show that the ability of human topoisomerase IIalpha to cause dominant sensitivity to m-AMSA in yeast does not depend on clamp closure or strand passage but is directly related to the capability of the enzyme to respond to m-AMSA with increased DNA cleavage complex formation.
Adenovirus protein-protein interactions: hexon and protein VI (1994)

A variety of mastadenoviruses were denatured, their polypeptides separated by electrophoresis on SDS-polyacrylamide gels and transferred to nitrocellulose. The immobilized polypeptides were washed, incubated with buffers containing hexons from human adenoviruses (Ad) types 2, 5 and 12 and the location of bound hexons was detected with anti-hexon antibodies. It was found that hexons from any of the three human adenovirus types bound to protein VI from all the mastadenoviruses examined. Furthermore we found that hexon-VI binding was significantly greater than the interaction between hexon and the precursor to VI, pVI. This binding was susceptible to detergents and to changes in pH or salt concentration. A rabbit polyclonal antibody was raised against a recombinant protein derived from the middle third of pVI from Ad2 and was used to quantify the difference in binding and to demonstrate the presence of a single intermediate (designated iVI) in the processing of pVI to VI. The affinity between iVI and hexon was considerably greater in our assay than that of pVI but was less than that between hexon and VI. A complementary binding of recombinant iVI to immobilized hexons was also demonstrated. This latter interaction, however, was only observed when hexon preparations were not boiled prior to electrophoresis, substantiating the proposition that the recognition motif on the hexon was conformation-dependent. These results are discussed in the context of understanding further the molecular basis of protein-protein interactions between the structural proteins of adenoviruses and the factors involved in virion maturation.
Cardiorenal Syndrome (2012)

Cardiorenal syndrome is a condition in which a complex interrelationship between cardiac dysfunction and renal dysfunction exists. Despite advances in treatment of both cardiovascular and kidney disease, cardiorenal syndrome remains a major global health problem. Characteristic of the pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome is bidirectional cross-talk; mediators/substances activated by the disease state of 1 organ can play a role in worsening dysfunction of the other by exerting their biologically harmful effects, leading to the progression of the syndrome. Accumulation of uremic toxins is a hallmark of renal excretory dysfunction. Removal of some toxins by conventional dialysis is particularly problematic because of their high protein binding. In this review, we demonstrate that protein-bound uremic toxins may play an important role in progression of cardiovascular disease in the setting of chronic kidney disease. The highly protein-bound uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate has emerged as a potent toxin adversely affecting both the kidney and heart. Direct cardiac effects of this toxin have been recently demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, potent fibrogenic and prohypertrophic effects, as well as oxidative stress-inducing effects, appear to play a central role in both renal and cardiac pathology. Many of these adverse effects can be suppressed by use of a gut adsorbent, AST-120. Potential mechanisms underlying indoxyl sulfate-induced cardiorenal fibrosis are discussed. Future research and clinical implications conclude this review.
Densely spaced FDM coherent star network with optical signals confined to equally spaced frequencies (1988)

The results obtained with a fiber-optical star network using densely spaced frequency-division-multiplexing (FDM) and heterodyne detection techniques are discussed. The system consists of three optical sources transmitting around 1.28 mu m, frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulated at 45 Mb/s and spaced by 300 MHz. A 4*4 optical coupler combines the three optical signals. The FDM signals, received from one of the four outputs of the coupler, are demultiplexed by a heterodyne FM receiver. The minimum received optical power needed to obtain a bit error rate (BER) of 10/sup -9/ is -61 dBm or 113 photons/bit, which is 4.5 dB from the shot noise limit. Cochannel interference is negligible for the above channel spacing and modulation rate. The results indicate that such a system has a potential throughput of 4500 Gb/s. The results obtained with two frequency stabilization circuits used to confine these three FDM optical signals to a comb of equally spaced frequencies are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rapid isolation and profiling of a diverse panel of human monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (2020)

Antibodies are a principal determinant of immunity for most RNA viruses and have promise to reduce infection or disease during major epidemics. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic with millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths to date <sup>1,2</sup> . In response, we used a rapid antibody discovery platform to isolate hundreds of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. We stratify these mAbs into five major classes based on their reactivity to subdomains of S protein as well as their cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV. Many of these mAbs inhibit infection of authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus, with most neutralizing mAbs recognizing the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S. This work defines sites of vulnerability on SARS-CoV-2 S and demonstrates the speed and robustness of new antibody discovery methodologies.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond Film by Thermal Plasma Jets (2005)

Summary form only given. Diamond films are grown on the molybdenum substrate by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using thermal plasma jets mixed with methane and hydrogen. Morphologies of the diamond films grown under various processing conditions, such as substrate temperature and the ratio of hydrogen to methane, are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition to the diamond film evaluation, an optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of the thermal plasma jets during the CVD process is performed to examine the chemical and ionizational states of the plasma. Such an OES makes it possible to determine Boltzmann temperature from the selected argon electronic transitions, electron number density from H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">beta</sub> emission, vibrational and rotational temperatures from C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emission (d <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> Pi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> rarra <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> Pi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> ). From the morphology analysis and diagnostic results obtained, the effect of plasma conditions on the diamond film growth will be discussed.
Comparison of four digital halftone screen (dither) patterns using quantitative analysis of the binary image microstructure (1989)

The ordered-dither halftoning technique which reproduces continuous tones with spatially encoded binary imaging elements uses the digital halftone screen. The effect at the microstructural level of four screens on tone reproduction, spatial signal reproduction, and quantization noise is evaluated by measuring the tone reproduction curve (TRC), the two-dimensional Fourier transform of a constant density patch, the degree of harmonic distortion (THD), the system Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), and the Wiener Spectrum (WS) produced by each screen. The applicablity of these five conventional image evaluation metrics on binary output is also evaluated. Spatial averaging is done to convert the binary output to a more linear form. The TRCs were found to be identical with a full output average reflectance range and a contrast of 1.0/255.0. The curves were step-wise linear, displaying 65 reproducible average reflectance levels. Fourier analysis of the binary structure showed that aliasing was likely to occur with the Diamond Dot and Bryngdahl screens, while aliasing from the Bayer and Allebach screens was unlikely. The THD plots showed that the Diamond Dot screen produced the highest degree of non-linearity, followed by Bryngdahl. The Bayer and Allebach screens produced the lowest THD. The line edge derivative approach to determining MTF did not yield useful MTF results for the halftoned forms. The Weiner spectrum for the Diamond Dot and Bryngdahl screens contained components at the halftone cell frequency, while the spectrum for the Bayer and Allebach screens contained components at much higher frequencies. Using these results, it was concluded that all the traditional metrics are valid for binary output except the line edge derivative approach for the MTF which did not yield the traditional MTF.
Rural and urban differences in stage at diagnosis of colorectal and lung cancers (2001)

There is evidence that patients living in outlying areas have poorer survival from cancer. This study set out to investigate whether they have more advanced disease at diagnosis. Case notes of 1323 patients in north and northeast Scotland who were diagnosed with lung or colorectal cancer in 1995 or 1996 were reviewed. Of patients with lung cancer, 42% (69/164) living 58 km or more from a cancer centre had disseminated disease at diagnosis compared to 33% (71/215) living within 5 km. For colorectal cancer the respective figures were 24% (38/161) and 16% (31/193). For both cancers combined, the adjusted odds ratio for disseminated disease at diagnosis in furthest group compared to the closest group was 1.59 (P = 0.037). Of 198 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer in the closest group, 56 (28%) had limited disease (stage I or II) at diagnosis compared to 23 of 165 (14%) of the furthest group (P = 0.002). The respective figures for Dukes A and B colorectal cancer were 101 of 196 (52%) and 67 of 172 (39%) (P = 0.025). These findings suggest that patients who live remote from cities and the associated cancer centres have poorer chances of survival from lung or colorectal cancer because of more advanced disease at diagnosis. This needs to be taken into account when planning investigation and treatment services.
Recognition of HLA-Cw4 but Not HLA-Cw6 by the NK Cell Receptor Killer Cell Ig-Like Receptor Two-Domain Short Tail Number 4 (2001)

NK cells are cytotoxic to virus-infected and tumor cells that have lost surface expression of class I MHC proteins. Target cell expression of class I MHC proteins inhibits NK cytotoxicity through binding to inhibitory NK receptors. In contrast, a similar family of activating NK receptors, characterized by the presence of a charged residue in their transmembrane portion and a truncated cytoplasmic tail, augment lysis by NK cells when ligated by an appropriate class I MHC protein. However, the class I MHC specificity of many of these activating NK receptors is still unknown. Here, we show enhanced lysis of HLA-Cw4 but not HLA-Cw6-expressing cells, by a subset of NK clones. This subset may express killer cell Ig-like receptor two-domain short tail number 4 (KIR2DS4), as suggested by staining with various mAb. It is still possible, however, that these clones may express receptors other than KIR2DS4 that might recognize HLA-Cw4. Binding of KIR2DS4-Ig fusion protein to cells expressing HLA-Cw4 but not to those expressing HLA-Cw6 was also observed. The binding of KIR2DS4-Ig to HLA-Cw4 is weaker than that of killer cell Ig-like receptor two-domain long tail number 1 (KIR2DL1)-Ig fusion protein; however, such weak recognition is capable of inhibiting lysis by an NK transfectant expressing a chimeric molecule of KIR2DS4 fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic portion of KIR2DL1. Residue alpha14 is shown to be important in the KIR2DS4 binding to HLA-Cw4. Implications of the role of the activating NK receptors in immunosurveillance are discussed.
Re: Sacral Neuromodulation for the Symptomatic Treatment of Refractory Interstitial Cystitis: A Prospective Study (2003)

No AccessJournal of UrologyCLINICAL UROLOGY: Letters to the Editor1 Nov 2003Re: Sacral Neuromodulation for the Symptomatic Treatment of Refractory Interstitial Cystitis: A Prospective Study Stanley J. Antolak Stanley J. AntolakStanley J. Antolak More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000088701.78732.6fAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Sacral Neuromodulation for the Symptomatic Treatment of Refractory Interstitial Cystitis: A Prospective Study." The Journal of Urology, 170(5), p. 1956 References 1 : Role of afferent neurons in stress induced degenerative changes of the bladder. J Urol2001; 165: 235. Link, Google Scholar 2 : Posterior tibial nerve stimulation as neuromodulative treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. J Urol2001; 166: 914. Link, Google Scholar 3 Antolak S.J.: Perineal hyperprotection: II. Improvement in NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index voiding domain using a self-care, noninvasive treatment. Presented at annual meeting of North Central Section of American Urological Association, Chicago, Illinois, September 18–21, 2002 Google Scholar 4 : Pudendal nerve injury associated with avid bicycling. J Urol2000; 162: 2099. Google Scholar 5 : Electrophysiological analysis of pudendal neuropathy following traction. Muscle Nerve2001; 24: 116. Google Scholar 854 Tamberwood Trail, Woodbury, Minnesota 55125-1424© 2003 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 170Issue 5November 2003Page: 1956 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2003 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Stanley J. Antolak More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Major species variation in the expression of galanin messenger ribonucleic acid in mammalian celiac ganglion. (1994)

To determine whether galanin may be a sympathetic neurotransmitter in the pancreas of primates and rats as well as dogs, the expression of the galanin gene was examined in the celiac ganglion of these species by in situ hybridization and RIA. Intense hybridization signal for galanin messenger RNA (mRNA) was observed in every neuronal cell body of the dog celiac ganglion. However, significant hybridization signal for galanin mRNA was seen in only 24 +/- 5% of celiac ganglion cell bodies in monkeys and was absent in rats. RIA of celiac ganglion extracts confirmed this species variation; galanin-like immunoreactivity was highest in dog celiac ganglion (158 +/- 13 pmol/g), present in monkeys (34 +/- 7 pmol/g), and undetectable in rats (< 0.8 pmol/g). In contrast, the celiac ganglia of all three species showed intense hybridization signal for neuropeptide-Y (NPY) mRNA in the majority of neuronal cell bodies (dog, 82 +/- 4%; monkey, 92 +/- 2%; rat, 91 +/- 3%), and the celiac ganglion NPY immunoreactivity content was high in all three species (dog, 1064 +/- 155 pmol/g; monkey, 3180 +/- 745 pmol/g; rat, 3412 +/- 347 pmol/g). Thus, there is a marked species variation in the expression of the galanin, but not the NPY, gene in the celiac ganglion of dogs, monkeys, and rats. These data suggest that galanin is an important sympathetic neurotransmitter in the pancreatic islets of dogs, but not those of primates or rats.
Characterization of LRP, a leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) protein from tomato plants that is processed during pathogenesis (1996)

This paper describes the isolation and characterization of LRP, a new gene from tomato plants. The deduced amino acid sequence showed that the encoded protein is enriched in leucine, and contains interesting structural motifs. LRP contains four tandem repeats of a canonical 24 amino acid leucine-rich repeat (LRR) sequence present in different proteins that mediates molecular recognition and/or interaction processes. Genomic organization and intron-exon arrangement of LRP favor the hypothesis that the LRR domains present in LRP evolved by exon duplication and shuffling. LRP expression analysis and immunohistochemical localization studies of the encoded protein indicate that the gene is under developmental regulation exhibiting tissue-specificity, particularly in certain cell types of the stele, like phloem fibers, parenchyma cells of the protoxylem, and in the cell files that constitute the rays of the secondary xylem. It is shown that this gene is upregulated in diseased tomato plants infected with citrus exocortis viroid. However, in this pathogenic context, LRP is processed proteolytically to a lower molecular weight form by a host-induced extracellular protease. The structural characteristics of LRP, its spatio-temporal pattern of expression, and its post-translational processing during pathogenesis, suggest this protein as a candidate molecule that may mediate recognition and interaction events taking place in the plant extracellular matrix under normal and/or pathogenesis-related conditions.
Increased Immunogenicity of Tumor-Associated Antigen, Mucin 1, Engineered to Express α-Gal Epitopes: A Novel Approach to Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer (2010)

Mucin 1 (MUC1), a bound mucin glycoprotein, is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in >80% of human ductal pancreatic carcinoma. Evidence suggests that MUC1 can be used as a tumor marker and is a potential target for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer. However, vaccination with MUC1 peptides fails to stimulate the immune response against cancer cells because immunity toward tumor-associated antigens (TAA), including MUC1, in cancer patients is relatively weak, and the presentation of these TAAs to the immune system is poor due to their low immunogenicity. We investigated whether vaccination with immunogenetically enhanced MUC1 (by expressing alpha-gal epitopes; Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R) can elicit effective antibody production for MUC1 itself as well as certain TAAs derived from pancreatic cancer cells and induced tumor-specific T-cell responses. We also used alpha1,3galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3GT) knockout mice that were preimmunized with pig kidney and transplanted with B16F10 melanoma cells transfected with MUC1 expression vector. Vaccination of these mice with alpha-gal MUC1 resulted in marked inhibition of tumor growth and significant improvement of overall survival time compared with mice vaccinated with MUC1 alone (P = 0.003). Furthermore, vaccination with pancreatic cancer cells expressing alpha-gal epitopes induced immune responses against not only differentiated cancer cells but also cancer stem cells. The results suggested that vaccination using cells engineered to express alpha-gal epitopes is a novel strategy for treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Blends composed of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and an ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer: Thermal and morphological studies (2003)

Abstract Blends of poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and an ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) were obtained through casting from dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions and phase inversion in 50/50 DMSO/H 2 O solutions. The miscibility and morphology of the PNIPAM/EVAL blends were investigated with thermal and morphological analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the crystallinity of EVAL decreased with increasing PNIPAM content and that the blends cast from DMSO/H 2 O solutions were miscible in the melt state. Measurements of the melting point depression allowed the determination of the interaction energy density ( B ) and Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ 12 ) with the Nishi–Wang equation. The negative B and χ 12 values obtained were examined in terms of the specific intermolecular interactions between the polymers. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that blends obtained by the casting method led to dense membranes, whereas the phase‐inversion method rendered typical macroporous membranes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 501–505, 2004
Chemical vapor deposition of graphene films (2010)

Graphene films were grown on nickel films and foils using chemical vapor deposition. To date, similar growth has been reported at around 1000 degrees C using methane or ethylene as source gases. However, by using acetylene, we have achieved growth of graphene films between 650 and 700 degrees C. The electrical and optical properties, including high resolution transmission electron microscopy of these films, suggest that this technique is both viable and scalable for potential large area optoelectronic applications.