gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-linking of Fc gamma receptor I (Fc gamma RI) and receptor II (Fc gamma RII) on monocytic cells activates a signal transduction pathway common to both Fc receptors that involves the stimulation of p72 Syk protein tyrosine kinase. (1993)

Stimulation of the human monocytic cell line THP-1 by cross-linking either Fc gamma receptor I (Fc gamma RI) or Fc gamma receptor II (Fc gamma RII) gave rise to the rapid phosphorylation of multiple intracellular proteins. The pattern of proteins that were phosphorylated appeared to be identical. Analysis of these proteins by specific immunoprecipitation indicated that stimulation through either receptor did indeed give rise to phosphorylation of the same set of proteins. These included: Fc gamma RII, phospholipase C (PLC) gamma 1, PLC gamma 2, Vav, GAP, and a protein that co-precipitated with the Fc gamma receptors and migrated with a molecular weight of about 70,000. Co-cross-linking an F(ab')2 anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody together with monoclonal antibodies to either of the Fc gamma receptors inhibited phosphorylation of all these proteins. Analysis of the tyrosine kinases in the cells revealed that both receptors stimulated the phosphorylation and activation of a kinase recognized by antibodies to Syk. Furthermore, the Syk kinase became associated with the Fc gamma RII following receptor cross-linking. These data indicate that although the two Fc gamma receptors have different cytoplasmic tails, they are coupled to the same signal transduction cascade that is regulated by CD45 and involves the activation of Syk.
Butylanilinouracil: a selective inhibitor of HeLa cell DNA synthesis and HeLa cell DNA polymerase alpha (1980)

A series of 6-anilinouracils, dGTP analogues which selectively inhibit specific bacterial DNA polymerases, were examined for their capacity to inhibit purified DNA polymerases from HeLa cells. The p-n-butyl derivative (BuAU) was found to inhibit DNA polymerase alpha with a Ki of approximately 60 microM. The inhibitory effect of BuAU was reversed specifically by dGTP and was observed only for DNA polymerase alpha; polymerases beta and lambda were not inhibited by drug at concentrations as high as 1 mM. BuAU also was inhibitory in vivo in HeLa cell culture; at 100 microM it reversibly inhibited cell division and selectively depressed DNA synthesis. The results of these studies indicate that BuAU is an inhibitor with considerable potential as a specific probe with which to dissect the structure of mammalian polymerase alpha and its putative role in cellular DNA replication.
Phase I clinical trial and pharmacokinetic evaluation of NK911, a micelle-encapsulated doxorubicin (2004)

NK911 is a novel supramolecular nanocarrier designed for the enhanced delivery of doxorubicin (DXR) and is one of the successful polymer micelle systems to exhibit an efficient accumulation in solid tumours in mice. The purpose of this study was to define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of NK911 and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic profile in man. NK911 was given intravenously to patients with solid tumours every 3 weeks using an infusion pump at a rate of 10 mg DXR equivalent min(-1). The starting dose was 6 mg DXR equivalent m(-2), and the dose was escalated according to the accelerated titration method. A total of 23 patients participated in this study. Neutropenia was the predominant haematological toxicity, and grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was observed at doses of 50 and 67 mg m(-2). Common nonhaematological toxicities were mild alopecia, stomatitis, and anorexia. In the dose identification part of the study, DLTs were observed at a dose of 67 mg m(-2) (grade 4 neutropenia lasting more than 5 days). Thus, this dosage level was determined to be the MTD. Infusion-related reactions were not observed in any cases. The C(5 min) and area under the concentration curve parameters of NK911 exhibited dose-dependent characteristics. Among the 23 patients, a partial response was obtained in one patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer. NK911 was well tolerated and produced only moderate nausea and vomiting at myelosuppressive dosages. The recommended phase II dose was determined to be 50 mg m(-2) every 3 weeks.
Promiscuous DNA transfer system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: role of the virB operon in sex pilus assembly and synthesis (1994)

Conjugative transfer of DNA that occurs between bacteria also operates between bacteria and higher organisms. The transfer of DNA between Gram-negative bacteria requires initial contact by a sex pilus followed by DNA traversing four membranes (donor plus recipient) using a transmembrane pore. Accumulating evidence suggests that transfer of the T-DNA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to plants may also occur via a conjugative mechanism. The virB operon of the Ti plasmid exhibits close homologies to genes that are known to encode the pilin subunits and pilin assembly proteins. The proteins encoded by the PilW operon of IncW plasmid R388 share strong similarities (average similarity = 50.8%) with VirB proteins. Similarly, the TraA, TraL and TraC proteins of IncF plasmid F have similarities to VirB2, VirB3 and VirB4 respectively (average similarity = 45.3%). VirB2 protein (12.3 kDa) contains a signal peptidase-I cleavage sequence that generates a polypeptide of 7.2 kDa. Likewise, the 12.8 kDa propilin protein TraA of plasmid F also possesses a peptidase-I cleavage site that generates the 7.2 kDa pilin structural protein. Similar amino acid sequences of the conjugative transfer genes of F, R388 as well as plasmid RP4 and the genes of the ptI operon of Bortedella pertussis suggest the existence of a superfamily of transmembrane proteins adapted to the promiscuous transfer of DNA-protein complexes.
STUDIES ON THE OXIDATION AND REDUCTION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES (1926)

A study has been made of the oxidation and reduction of the hemotoxin of the Welch bacillus. The oxidation of the lysin results in the loss of its hemolytic activity. The "inactive" oxidation product of the Welch lysin may be reversed to the "active" lysin by treatment with biological or chemical reducing agents. The lysin, both in its reduced and oxidized form, is irreversibly inactivated by the same heat treatment. The pH of the system is an important factor in the oxidation of the lysin, the process proceeding much more rapidly at a pH above 7.0.
Production and Characterization of Fusion Proteins Containing Transferrin and Nerve Growth Factor (1998)

To explore the ability to use genetic fusions of transferrin as a carrier for brain targeting and delivery, a series of fusion proteins containing both human nerve growth factor (NGF) and human transferrin was produced in mammalian cells. A protein in which the hinge region from human IgG3 joined the carboxyl terminus of NGF and the amino terminus of transferrin formed a covalent homodimer, bound human transferrin receptor, and retained full NGF in PC 12 cells. In contrast, proteins in which polypeptide dimerization was not induced or in which NGF was fused through its amino terminus had greatly reduced NGF activity. The ability to maintain both biologically active NGF and transferrin as part of a fusion protein may offer a novel way to deliver NGF and other neurotrophic factors to the central nervous system.
Meiosis and differentiation of mouse germ cells. (1984)

The female pathway of germ cell development is characterized by early entry into meiotic prophase, before birth in the mouse. This pathway is followed by all germ cells in the ovary and in the mesonephric region of the urogenital ridge in female embryos, and by all germ cells in the adrenals of both sexes. The male pathway, with meiosis delayed until well after birth, is taken by all germ cells within the testis cords, all or almost all of those within the testis but outside the cords, and most of those in the mesonephric region. Results of culture and co-culture experiments are described. No conclusive evidence has yet been obtained to discriminate between the hypothesis that all germ cells spontaneously enter meiosis before birth unless prevented from doing so, and the alternative hypothesis that germ cells only enter meiosis under the inducing influence of somatic cells. The pathways of development that radiate from an egg cell all lead to a state of terminal differentiation, with the single exception of the pathway that leads to another egg cell. This pathway is capable of cyclic repetition, even without the intervention of a fertilizing sperm: if a normal mouse embryo is aggregated with one derived from a parthenogenetically activated egg, the parthenogenetic component may contribute to the oocyte population as well as to all other cell types examined (Stevens, 1978).
AdipoQ Is a Novel Adipose-specific Gene Dysregulated in Obesity (1996)

Adipose differentiation is accompanied by changes in cellular morphology, a dramatic accumulation of intracellular lipid and activation of a specific program of gene expression. Using an mRNA differential display technique, we have isolated a novel adipose cDNA, termed adipoQ. The adipoQ cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 247 amino acids with a secretory signal sequence at the amino terminus, a collagenous region (Gly-X-Y repeats), and a globular domain. The globular domain of adipoQ shares significant homology with subunits of complement factor C1q, collagen alpha 1(X), and the brain-specific factor cerebellin. The expression of adipoQ is highly specific to adipose tissue in both mouse and rat. Expression of adipoQ is observed exclusively in mature fat cells as the stromal-vascular fraction of fat tissue does not contain adipoQ mRNA. In cultured 3T3-F442A and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, hormone-induced differentiation dramatically increases the level of expression for adipoQ. Furthermore, the expression of adipoQ mRNA is significantly reduced in the adipose tissues from obese mice and humans. Whereas the biological function of this polypeptide is presently unknown, the tissue-specific expression of a putative secreted protein suggests that this factor may function as a novel signaling molecule for adipose tissue.
Les relations turco-communautaires (Pertinence et limites de l'approche culturelle) (1989)

l'adhésion : approche culturelle d'une relation politique (I)
Harmonic vector excitation coding of speech at 2.0 kbps (2002)

A low rate speech coding algorithm, harmonic vector excitation coding (HVXC) is proposed for MPEG-4 standardization, in which an efficient coding scheme based on harmonic and stochastic vector representation of linear predictive coding (LPC) residuals is employed. A combination of weighted vector quantization of harmonic spectral envelope of LPC residual signal for voiced segments and vector excitation coding for unvoiced segments provides good speech duality at very low bit rates. MPEG-4 formal listening tests in December 95 showed that the subjective speech quality of HVXC at 2.0 kbps was better than that of FS1016 4.8 kbps CELP.
Assay Guidance Manual [Internet] (2004)

This eBook is a comprehensive, crucial resource for investigators optimizing assays to evaluate collections of molecules with the overall goal of developing probes that modulate the activity of biological targets, pathways or cellular phenotypes. Such probes might be candidates for further optimization and investigation in drug discovery and development.Originally written as a guide for therapeutic project teams within a major pharmaceutical company, this manual has been adapted to provide guidelines for scientists in academic, non-profit, government and industrial research laboratories to develop assay formats compatible with High Throughput Screening (HTS) and Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) measurements of new and known molecular entities. Topics addressed in this manual include: Descriptions of assay formats that are compatible with HTS and determination of SAR Selection and development of optimal assay reagents Optimizations and troubleshooting for assay protocols with respect to sensitivity, dynamic range, signal intensity and stability Adaptations of assays for automation and scaling to microtiter plate formats Instrumentation Sources of assay artifacts and interferences Statistical validation of assay performance parameters Secondary assays for chemical probe validation and SAR refinement Data standards for reporting the results of screening and SAR assays In vivo assay development and validation Assay development and validation for siRNA-based high-throughput screens The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) manages the content of the Assay Guidance Manual with input from industry, academia and government experts. More than 100 authors from around the globe have contributed content to this free resource, which is updated quarterly with contributions by experienced scientists from multiple disciplines working in drug discovery and development worldwide.For more information about the Assay Guidance Manual and related training opportunities, visit https://ncats.nih.gov/expertise/preclinical/agm .
Distorting Duplex DNA by Dimethylenesulfone Substitution:  A New Class of “Transition State Analog” Inhibitors for Restriction Enzymes (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDistorting Duplex DNA by Dimethylenesulfone Substitution: A New Class of “Transition State Analog” Inhibitors for Restriction EnzymesMonika O. Blättler, Christian Wenz, Alfred Pingoud, and Steven A. BennerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville, Florida 32611 Institute for Biochemistry Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58 D-35392 Giessen, Germany Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 11, 2674–2675Publication Date (Web):March 7, 1998Publication History Received8 August 1997Published online7 March 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ja972768yCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (32 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Genetics,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins,Phosphates,Sulfones Get e-Alerts
Training Deep Neural Networks on Noisy Labels with Bootstrapping (2014)

Current state-of-the-art deep learning systems for visual object recognition and detection use purely supervised training with regularization such as dropout to avoid overfitting. The performance depends critically on the amount of labeled examples, and in current practice the labels are assumed to be unambiguous and accurate. However, this assumption often does not hold; e.g. in recognition, class labels may be missing; in detection, objects in the image may not be localized; and in general, the labeling may be subjective. In this work we propose a generic way to handle noisy and incomplete labeling by augmenting the prediction objective with a notion of consistency. We consider a prediction consistent if the same prediction is made given similar percepts, where the notion of similarity is between deep network features computed from the input data. In experiments we demonstrate that our approach yields substantial robustness to label noise on several datasets. On MNIST handwritten digits, we show that our model is robust to label corruption. On the Toronto Face Database, we show that our model handles well the case of subjective labels in emotion recognition, achieving state-of-the- art results, and can also benefit from unlabeled face images with no modification to our method. On the ILSVRC2014 detection challenge data, we show that our approach extends to very deep networks, high resolution images and structured outputs, and results in improved scalable detection.
The common gamma-chain of cytokine receptors regulates intrathymic T cell development at multiple stages (1997)

Signaling through the common gamma chain (gamma c), a subunit of the receptors for IL-2, -4, -7, -9, and -15, is critical for lymphocyte development, with the IL-7/IL-7R representing one important interaction. To investigate the stages of intrathymic T cell development that are dependent on gamma c and to determine whether gamma c controls T cell development solely as a component of the IL-7R, intrathymic T cell development was compared in IL-7R alpha-deficient mice and anti-gamma c-treated chimeric mice reconstituted with bone marrow and purified pro-T cells. In the presence of anti-gamma c, each of four phenotypically distinguishable stages of CD4- CD8- thymocytes failed to reconstitute T cell development, suggesting that each of these subsets of pro-T cells required gamma c for their differentiation and/or growth. Reconstitution of anti-gamma c-treated chimeric mice with bone marrow from IL-7R alpha-deficient mice indicated that IL-7R only partially contributed to intrathymic T cell development. Furthermore, when compared with IL-7R-deficient mice, anti-gamma c chimeric and gamma c-deficient mice exhibited a distinct phenotypic pattern of pro-T cell development. Collectively, these results indicate that several gamma c-sharing cytokines may contribute to T cell development in the thymus and suggest that one of these cytokines may be novel.
Adapting to Unknown Smoothness via Wavelet Shrinkage (1995)

Abstract We attempt to recover a function of unknown smoothness from noisy sampled data. We introduce a procedure, SureShrink, that suppresses noise by thresholding the empirical wavelet coefficients. The thresholding is adaptive: A threshold level is assigned to each dyadic resolution level by the principle of minimizing the Stein unbiased estimate of risk (Sure) for threshold estimates. The computational effort of the overall procedure is order N · log(N) as a function of the sample size N. SureShrink is smoothness adaptive: If the unknown function contains jumps, then the reconstruction (essentially) does also; if the unknown function has a smooth piece, then the reconstruction is (essentially) as smooth as the mother wavelet will allow. The procedure is in a sense optimally smoothness adaptive: It is near minimax simultaneously over a whole interval of the Besov scale; the size of this interval depends on the choice of mother wavelet. We know from a previous paper by the authors that traditional smoothing methods—kernels, splines, and orthogonal series estimates—even with optimal choices of the smoothing parameter, would be unable to perform in a near-minimax way over many spaces in the Besov scale. Examples of SureShrink are given. The advantages of the method are particularly evident when the underlying function has jump discontinuities on a smooth background.
Structure and transcription of a human gene for H1 RNA, the RNA component of human RNase P (1990)

The gene coding for H1 RNA, the RNA component of human RNase P, has been isolated and characterized from a human genomic DNA library. The sequence corresponding to the mature H1 RNA is almost identical to that previously identified using H1 RNA and a cDNA clone corresponding to it. The nucleotide sequence of the genomic clone contains an array of potential transcriptional control elements, some characteristic of transcription by RNA polymerase III and some characteristic of RNA polymerase II, as is also the case for U6 and certain other small stable RNAs. The transcription in vitro of the genomic clone shows that the gene is functional and is transcribed by RNA polymerase III. Southern hybridization analysis indicates that there is very likely only one copy of the gene for H1 RNA in the human genome.
What's Happening With Respect to the Second Circuit (1995)

Good morning.It is time to start the substantive portion of the program which deals with the Supreme Court's decisions of last Term.Our scope, of course, is much broader than simply cases involving state and local government.We deal with a breadth of cases ranging from the First Amendment to various federal statutes to matters at the state and local government end.It is our tradition here to commence with a discussion of the Civil Rights Law of 1968, 42 U.S.C. 1983, which has achieved great prominence in litigation, particularly in establishing constitutional rights and rights under federal law.To preside over that aspect of the program, we are honored to be able to present to you a full-time professor at this law school, one of America's very distinguished judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.I am always proud to be able to introduce Judge Pratt because he and I share a background as municipal lawyers.
Effect of Relaxation Periods over Cycling Performance of a Li-Ion Battery (2015)

Various operational parameters such as charge/discharge rates, relaxation periods, and depth of charge and discharge play an important role in enhancing the cycling life of Li-ion batteries. Providing batteries with a relaxation period after discharging and charging might be essential for removing concentration gradients generated due to passage of current. In the present work, the effect of providing open-circuit time durations after completion of each charge and discharge over the performance of Li-ion cells has been analyzed and quantified. It is shown that relaxing the cell after discharge has significant influence over cell performance, whereas relaxation after charge has a marginal effect. In the former case, a relatively thicker film forms at the solid-electrolyte interface in the negative electrode. Moreover, providing a sufficiently long relaxation to the cell at the end of discharge results in (a) a higher concentration of lithium in the solid matrix of the negative electrode and (b) a lower concentration of lithium in the positive electrode, both leading to a higher cell potential during the discharge phase of the subsequent cycle. Charging the cell following a relaxation period of more than one hour at the end of discharge results in a better utilization of cyclable lithium.
Characterization of conducting polymer films grown via surface polymerization by ion-assisted deposition (2006)

Characterization of conducting polymer films grown via surface polymerization by ion-assisted deposition.