gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Recovery of Oil and Bitumen (1991)

Introduction to thermal recovery conduction of heat within solids convective heating within reserving steamflooding the displacement of heavy oil cyclic steam stimulation steam-assisted gravity drainage steam recovery in situ combustion. Appendices.
Catalysis of concerted reactions by antibodies: the Claisen rearrangement. (1988)

Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against a transition state analog inhibitor of chorismate mutase (EC 5.4.99.5). One of the antibodies catalyzes the rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate with rate accelerations of more than 2 orders of magnitude compared to the uncatalyzed reaction. Saturation kinetics were observed, and at 25 degrees C the values of kcat and Km were 1.2 X 10(-3) s-1 and 5.1 X 10(-5) M respectively. The transition state analog was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of the reaction with Ki equal to 0.6 microM. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using rationally designed immunogens to generate antibodies that catalyze concerted reactions.
The Relevance of Antimalarial Therapy with Regard to Thrombosis, Hypercholesterolemia and Cytokines in SLE (1993)

Hydroxychloroquine has several less well-known actions that may have clinical relevance in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (1) Hydroxychloroquine has a possible anti-thrombotic action. It is a platelet inhibitor and appears to decrease the risk of thromboembolism in patients with anticardiolipin antibodies. (2) Hydroxychloroquine is associated with lower serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels compared to those present in patients who are taking corticosteroids but not antimalarials for SLE. (3) It may also decrease abnormal levels of cytokines. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble CD8 and soluble IL-2 receptors (sIL-2R) are lower in patients taking antimalarials compared to those on corticosteroids alone or on neither medication. Serum levels of CD8 and sIL-2R decrease after 6 weeks of hydroxychloroquine treatment. These findings may help explain the favorable response of SLE patients treated with antimalarials.
Fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers and their applications (2002)

An applications-oriented review of optical parametric amplifiers in fiber communications is presented. The emphasis is on parametric amplifiers in general and single pumped parametric amplifiers in particular. While a theoretical framework based on highly efficient four-photon mixing is provided, the focus is on the intriguing applications enabled by the parametric gain, such as all-optical signal sampling, time-demultiplexing, pulse generation, and wavelength conversion. As these amplifiers offer high gain and low noise at arbitrary wavelengths with proper fiber design and pump wavelength allocation, they are also candidate enablers to increase overall wavelength-division-multiplexing system capacities similar to the more well-known Raman amplifiers. Similarities and distinctions between Raman and parametric amplifiers are also addressed. Since the first fiber-based parametric amplifier experiments providing net continuous-wave gain in the for the optical fiber communication applications interesting 1.5-/spl mu/m region were only conducted about two years ago, there is reason to believe that substantial progress may be made in the future, perhaps involving "holey fibers" to further enhance the nonlinearity and thus the gain. This together with the emergence of practical and inexpensive high-power pump lasers may in many cases prove fiber-based parametric amplifiers to be a desired implementation in optical communication systems.
Use of Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine (Fansidar) in Prophylaxis Against Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum and Pneumocystis carinii (1987)

The widespread emergence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum led to the formulation of an effective, fixed combination of two antimalarial agents, pyrimethamine and the long-acting sulfonamide sulfadoxine, for prophylaxis and treatment. These drugs act at sequential steps to inhibit the formation of tetrahydrofolate in the parasite. Recently, their use for malaria prophylaxis has been associated with severe, at times fatal, cutaneous reactions including erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. These reactions have necessitated a major reassessment of the indications for pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine use and increased the search for pharmacologic, immunologic and behavioral approaches to the prophylaxis and treatment of infection with P. falciparum. Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine may be effective in preventing recurrent pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but life-threatening cutaneous reactions have also been reported in this setting.
The sonic hedgehog signaling pathway is reactivated in human renal cell carcinoma and plays orchestral role in tumor growth (2009)

These findings support targeting SHH for the treatment of CRCC and pave the way for innovative and additional investigations in a broad range of cancers.
Initial characterization of the metabolism of intervertebral disc cells encapsulated in microspheres (1992)

Adult, canine intervertebral disc cells were isolated with a sequential digestion of pronase and bacterial collagenase. The nonchondrodystrophoid nucleus pulposus exhibits two populations of cells: large notochordal cells and smaller chondrocyte-like cells. The cells from the transition zone and anulus fibrosus are uniform in size, ranging from 17 to 21 microns. The isolated cells were encapsulated in alginate beads and cultured in Ham's F-12 medium containing 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. Alginate bead formation requires calcium ions and can be reversed with a suitable chelator, thus releasing viable cells. We observed that 58% of the newly synthesized proteoglycans formed large-molecular-weight aggregates with hyaluronic acid. The proteoglycans contained low amounts of keratan sulfate (KS) (less than 5% of the total glycosaminoglycans synthesized). The chondroitin sulfates (CS) consisted of 51-67% as 6-O-sulfate and 29-39% as 4-O-sulfate, with the remainder (4-10%) present as 4,6-sulfate for all three zones of the disc. The majority of cells synthesized significant amounts of matrix as evidenced by Alcian Blue staining. By immunohistochemical analysis, the matrix contained chondroitin 6-sulfate as demonstrated by monoclonal antibodies to the unsaturated disaccharides remaining on the proteoglycan core after chondroitinase ABC digestion. Keratan sulfate was also present in the majority of the matrices around cells. These results emphasize the similarity of the newly synthesized proteoglycans secreted by cells grown in alginate beads to those synthesized by the neonate disc. These experiments also demonstrate the usefulness of this method as a microculture technique for disc cells.
[Establishment and characterization of a human malignant schwannoma cell line (HKMS)]. (1989)

The malignant schwannoma cell line (HKMS) was established from the subcutaneous tumor of Axilla region of a 48-year-old Japanese woman. The HKMS line has the following biological properties. 1. The HKMS cells were spindle in shape and showed neoplastic and pleomorphic features. The monolayer sheet of HKMS cells showed the resemble cell-arrangement with that of the original tumor tissue. 2. The cells showed a stable growth and the serial passages were successively carried out 150 times within 3 years. Their population doubling time is about 40 hours. 3. The chromosome number varied widely, and the modal number was stable at the 78-80. The marker chromosomes were present. 4. The cells were transplanted into the subcutis of nude mice and produced the malignant schwannoma.
Lack of mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded subunits of complex I and alteration of the respiratory chain in Nicotiana sylvestris mitochondrial deletion mutants (1997)

We previously have shown that Nicotiana sylvestris cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) mutants I and II present large mtDNA deletions and that the NAD7 subunit of complex I (the main dehydrogenase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain) is absent in CMS I. Here, we show that, despite a large difference in size in the mtDNA deletion, CMS I and II display similar alterations. Both have an impaired development from germination to flowering, with partial male sterility that becomes complete under low light. Besides NAD7, two other complex I subunits are missing (NAD9 and the nucleus-encoded, 38-kDa subunit), identified on two-dimensional patterns of mitochondrial proteins. Mitochondria isolated from CMS leaves showed altered respiration. Although their succinate oxidation through complex II was close to that of the wild type, oxidation of glycine, a priority substrate of plant mitochondria, was significantly reduced. The remaining activity was much less sensitive to rotenone, indicating the breakdown of Complex I activity. Oxidation of exogenous NADH (coupled to proton gradient generation and partly sensitive to rotenone) was strongly increased. These results suggest respiratory compensation mechanisms involving additional NADH dehydrogenases to complex I. Finally, the capacity of the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase pathway was enhanced in CMS, and higher amounts of enzyme were evidenced by immunodetection.
Tissue Engineering of Biomaterials for Composite Reconstruction: An Experimental Model (1993)

The fibrovascular integration of a biomaterial scaffold was examined in a rabbit model. Eight disks of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene measuring 2 x 2 x 0.2 cm were placed adjacent to dissected vascular pedicles in the ears of four rabbits and sealed between leaves of silicone sheeting. Fibrovascular outgrowth from the vascular pedicles completely integrated the biomaterial scaffolds by 6 weeks and was sufficient to sustain split-thickness skin grafts. Division of the distal vascular pedicle allowed isolation of the blood flow circuit to the construct. Successful microsurgical transfer was achieved in one construct. This model has proved useful in the study of tissue engineering of biomaterials for reconstruction and may well have use in the study of neovascularization as an isolated event.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α induces the epithelialmesenchymal transition of human prostatecancer cells (2006)

Over-expression of HIF-1alpha stimulates the invasion potency of human prostate carcinoma cells through EMT pathway. The expression of E-cadherin and vimentin, playing established roles in EMT, could be regulated by HIF-1alpha in human prostate cancer cell line.
Crosslinked Poly(styrene)‐block‐Poly(2‐vinylpyridine) Thin Films as Swellable Templates for Mesostructured Silica and Titania (2005)

Mesostructured inorganic films are formed from pre-organized block-copolymer thin films. The diblock copolymer used, poly(d8-styrene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine), was first crosslinked, thus retaining its morphology. Silica and titania were incorporated into the structure and the polymer was subsequently removed, generating mesoporous inorganic films whose morphologies were directly related to those of the block-copolymer template films (see Figure).
Dilatory effects of upper airway muscle contraction induced by electrical stimulation in awake humans (1995)

During sleep, diminished activity of upper airway dilator muscles (UADMs) is believed to increase upper airway (UAW) resistance and ultimately cause collapse of the UAW. In anesthetized dogs, electrically induced UADM contraction reduces UAW resistance and collapsibility. In this study, we measured the effects of electrically induced contraction of UADMs on pharyngeal resistance (Rph) in seven awake healthy subjects. UAW partial occlusion was achieved by applying external pressure to the submental hyoid region, leading to increased Rph. Transmucosal electrical stimulation (ES) of the base of the tongue was used to preferentially stimulate the genioglossus muscle. Transcutaneous ES using submental and paralaryngeal electrodes were used to preferentially stimulate the geniohyoid and the sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles, respectively. During the unobstructed state, Rph averaged 6.11 +/- 0.48 cmH2O.l-1.s, and ES produced minimal resistance changes for all stimulation sites tested. In contrast, during the application of external pressure, when Rph was raised to an average of 190 +/- 14% of the baseline value, sublingual ES reduced resistance from 11.67 +/- 1.90 to 6.77 +/- 1.30 cmH2O.l-1.s (P < 0.01). ES at the other sites during the raised Rph state produced only minor statistically insignificant changes in Rph, even when combined submental and paralaryngeal ES was applied. Likewise, only sublingual ES produced measurable anterior movement of the tongue. We conclude that when Rph is raised by exogenous means, sublingual transmucosal ES effectively reduces Rph in awake humans.
Fabrication of large arrays of high-aspect-ratio single-crystal silicon columns with isolated vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube tips (2008)

This paper describes the fabrication of large arrays (10(6) units in 1 cm(2)) of 100 µm tall, single-crystal silicon columns with submicron tip cross-sections. The columns are formed using thin film deposition and growth, reactive ion etching, and deep reactive ion etching. The columns can be either slightly tapered or have pencil-like morphology with nanoscaled tip diameter (41 nm). Conformal thin film coating was used to substantially and uniformly modify the porous structure and, thus, vary by orders of magnitude the fluid permeability of the structure. Gaps between the vertical pillars were varied between 9 µm and 50 nm. Isolated 45 nm diameter, 5 µm tall plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposited multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were grown on the top surface of the columns using a 7 nm thick evaporated Ni film as catalyst. Field emission characterization of the resulting structure was conducted and it is in agreement with scanning electron micrographs of the MWNTs.
Polylactones. 35. Macrocyclic and Stereoselective Polymerization of .beta.-D,L-Butyrolactone with Cyclic Dibutyltin Initiators (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolylactones. 35. Macrocyclic and Stereoselective Polymerization of .beta.-D,L-Butyrolactone with Cyclic Dibutyltin InitiatorsHans R. Kricheldorf and Soo-Ran LeeCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 20, 6718–6725Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00124a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00124a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views883Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Variable RF MEMS capacitors with extended tuning range (2004)

Three distinct designs of variable RF MEMS capacitors are presented and a comparison is made in terms of their continuous tuning range. Among these designs are the classical parallel-plate capacitor, as well as the so-called two-gap structure and a novel device with torsion-beam suspensions and double actuation. This allows the capacitance to be tuned over a larger range compared to a single-driven device. As a result of this, the tuning range of the device exceeds the theoretical 50%-limit for parallel-plate capacitors. The tuning ranges of all three devices have been determined experimentally and were found to be 39% for the parallel-plate capacitor, 310% for the two-gap structure and 61% for the torsion-suspension device. The measured tuning voltages are 17 V, 22 V and 11 V respectively.
AREB1 Is a Transcription Activator of Novel ABRE-Dependent ABA Signaling That Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis (2005)

ABSCISIC ACID-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN1 (AREB1) (i.e., ABF2) is a basic domain/leucine zipper transcription factor that binds to the abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element (ABRE) motif in the promoter region of ABA-inducible genes. Here, we show that expression of the intact AREB1 gene on its own is insufficient to lead to expression of downstream genes under normal growth conditions. To overcome the masked transactivation activity of AREB1, we created an activated form of AREB1 (AREB1DeltaQT). AREB1DeltaQT-overexpressing plants showed ABA hypersensitivity and enhanced drought tolerance, and eight genes with two or more ABRE motifs in the promoter regions in two groups were greatly upregulated: late embryogenesis abundant class genes and ABA- and drought stress-inducible regulatory genes. By contrast, an areb1 null mutant and a dominant loss-of-function mutant of AREB1 (AREB1:RD) with a repression domain exhibited ABA insensitivity. Furthermore, AREB1:RD plants displayed reduced survival under dehydration, and three of the eight greatly upregulated genes were downregulated, including genes for linker histone H1 and AAA ATPase, which govern gene expression and multiple cellular activities through protein folding, respectively. Thus, these data suggest that AREB1 regulates novel ABRE-dependent ABA signaling that enhances drought tolerance in vegetative tissues.
Multiple Sheath-Flow Gel Capillary-Array Electrophoresis for Multicolor Fluorescent DNA Detection (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple Sheath-Flow Gel Capillary-Array Electrophoresis for Multicolor Fluorescent DNA DetectionSatoshi. Takahashi, Katsuhiko. Murakami, Takashi. Anazawa, and Hideki. KambaraCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 7, 1021–1026Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00079a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00079a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views394Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantitative 3D Characterization of Solidification Structure and Defect Evolution in Al Alloys (2012)

Geometrically complex, as-cast, aluminum alloy components offer substantial economic and design advantages as compared with many thermomechanical processing routes. However, the occurrence of potential defects, including porosity, intermetallics, and hot-tears, remains an issue. Using these three defects as examples, recent developments in methodologies for quantifying defect evolution and microstructure using 3D images captured in situ via x-ray microtomography are discussed. It is demonstrated that 3D quantification techniques can provide significant new insight into the mechanisms controlling defect formation, and how microstructure morphology affects component performance.
Prolongation of drug exposure in cerebrospinal fluid by encapsulation into DepoFoam. (1993)

Prolonged maintenance of a therapeutic drug concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid is required for optimal treatment of leptomeningeal leukemia or carcinomatosis with cell cycle-specific antimetabolites. The pharmacokinetics of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) encapsulated into DepoFoam (Depo/Ara-C) was studied in six rhesus monkeys after intrathecal injection into the lumbar sac. Following a single 2-mg dose, the Depo/Ara-C concentration decreased biexponentially with initial and terminal half-lives of 14.6 and 156 h, respectively. The free drug concentration remained above the reported minimal cytotoxic level of 0.1 micrograms/ml (0.4 microM) for more than 672 h (28 days). In contrast, the half-life of ara-C following an intralumbar bolus dose of unencapsulated drug in a single animal was 0.74 h. A single intrathecal injection of Depo/Ara-C can maintain a therapeutic drug concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid for a very prolonged period.
Degradation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and truncated glucagon-like peptide 1 in vitro and in vivo by dipeptidyl peptidase IV. (1995)

The combined actions of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 (tGLP-1) may fully account for the incretin effect. These hormones are released from the small intestine in response to oral glucose and stimulate insulin release. Recently, evidence has been provided demonstrating the degradation of GIP-(1-42) and GLP-1-(7-36)NH2 by the serum enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) into the biologically inactive products GIP-(3-42) and GLP-1-(9-36)NH2. The objective of the current investigation was to develop a method to monitor the degradation of these hormones in vivo. Synthetic peptides were radiolabeled and purified by HPLC. Subsequent degradation of the peptides under various conditions was then monitored by further HPLC analysis. Incubation of [125I]GIP-(1-42) or [125I]GLP-1-(7-36)NH2 with Wistar rat serum or purified DPP IV resulted in the major N-terminal-truncated products [125I]GIP-(3-42) and [125I]GLP-1-(9-36)NH2. These products were significantly reduced when the specific DPP IV inhibitor diprotin A was included in the incubation mixture and were absent when serum from DPP IV-deficient rats was used. When the labeled peptides were infused into rats at hormone levels within the physiological range, over 50% was metabolized to the truncated forms within 2 min. These products were absent when the tracers were infused into DPP IV-deficient animals. It is concluded that DPP IV may be a primary inactivating enzyme of both GIP and tGLP-1 in vivo. As the N-terminal-truncated products of the DPP IV cleavage may not be distinguished from the biologically active hormone by currently employed assays, reports of circulating hormone levels should be reconsidered. The method described in this manuscript may be useful for investigating the durations of action of GIP and tGLP-1 in normal and pathophysiological conditions.