gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photosensitisation and photodynamic therapy of oesophageal, duodenal, and colorectal tumours using 5 aminolaevulinic acid induced protoporphyrin IX--a pilot study. (1995)

The first study of photodynamic therapy in the human gastrointestinal tract using 5 aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX as the photosensitising agent is described. Eighteen patients with colorectal, duodenal, and oesophageal tumours were studied. After 30-60 mg/kg of ALA given orally, biopsy specimens of tumour and adjacent normal mucosa were taken 1-72 hours later. These specimens were examined by quantitative fluorescence microscopy for assessment of sensitisation with protoporphyrin IX. Ten patients were given a second dose of ALA a few weeks later and their tumours were treated with red laser light (628 nm). With 30 mg/kg ALA, the highest fluorescence values were detected in the duodenum and oesophagus, and the lowest in the large bowel. Doubling the ALA dose in patients with colorectal tumours gave protoporphyrin IX fluorescence intensities similar to those in patients with upper gastrointestinal lesions and improved the tumour:normal mucosa protoporphyrin IX sensitisation ratio. The treated patients showed superficial mucosal necrosis in the areas exposed to laser light. Six patients had transient rises in serum aspartate aminotransferases, two mild skin photosensitivity reactions, and five mild nausea and vomiting. In conclusion, photodynamic therapy with systemically administered ALA may be a promising technique for the treatment of small tumours and areas of dysplasia such as in Barrett's oesophagus.
Aurora kinase A-specific T-cell receptor gene transfer redirects T lymphocytes to display effective antileukemia reactivity (2011)

Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is overexpressed in leukemias. Previously, we demonstrated that AURKA-specific CD8(+) T cells specifically and selectively lysed leukemia cells, indicating that AURKA is an excellent target for immunotherapy. In this study, we examined the feasibility of adoptive therapy using redirected T cells expressing an HLA-A*0201-restricted AURKA(207-215)-specific T-cell receptor (TCR). Retrovirally transduced T cells recognized relevant peptide-pulsed but not control target cells. Furthermore, TCR-redirected CD8(+) T cells lysed AURKA-overexpressing human leukemic cells in an HLA-A*0201-restricted manner, but did not kill HLA-A*0201(+) normal cells, including hematopoietic progenitors. In addition, AURKA(207-215)-specific TCR-transduced CD4(+) T cells displayed target-responsive Th1 cytokine production. Finally, AURKA(207-215)-specific TCR-transduced CD8(+) T cells displayed antileukemia efficacy in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, these data demonstrate the feasibility of redirected T cell-based AURKA-specific immunotherapy for the treatment of human leukemia.
MiRNA expression analysis during normal zebrafish development and following inhibition of the Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways (2007)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small (approximately 22 nucleotide) non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, typically by inhibiting translation. The genes encoding these small RNAs are estimated to comprise approximately 2-3% of animal genomes yet potentially regulate a majority of protein-coding genes including those involved in cell specification and development. A key remaining question is to identify target mRNAs regulated by microRNAs. As a means to identify potential targets, we designed a sensitive microarray to analyze global miRNA expression patterns at twelve developmental stages in zebrafish. Further, we conducted arrays on zebrafish embryos treated with small molecule inhibitors of the Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways to enable identification of differentially expressed miRNAs that target genes controlling key developmental pathways during early embryogenesis.
Verotoxin-1–induced up-regulation of adhesive molecules renders microvascular endothelial cells thrombogenic at high shear stress (2001)

Verotoxin-1 (VT-1)-producing Escherichia coli is the causative agent of postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS) of children, which leads to renal and other organ microvascular thrombosis. Why thrombi form only on arterioles and capillaries is not known. This study investigated whether VT-1 directly affected endothelial antithrombogenic properties promoting platelet deposition and thrombus formation on human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) under high shear stress. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for comparison as a large-vessel endothelium. HMEC-1 and HUVECs were pre-exposed for 24 hours to increasing concentrations of VT-1 (2-50 pM) and then perfused at 60 dynes/cm(2) with heparinized human blood prelabeled with mepacrine. Results showed that VT-1 significantly increased platelet adhesion and thrombus formation on HMEC-1 in comparison with unstimulated control cells. An increase in thrombus formation was also observed on HUVECs exposed to VT-1, but to a remarkably lower extent. The greater sensitivity of HMEC-1 to the toxin in comparison with HUVECs was at least in part due to a higher expression of VT-1 receptor (20-fold more) as documented by FACS analysis. The HMEC-1 line had a comparable susceptibility to the thrombogenic effect of VT-1 as primary human microvascular cells of the same dermal origin (HDMECs). The adhesive molecules involved in VT-induced thrombus formation were also studied. Blocking the binding of von Willebrand factor to platelet glycoprotein Ib by aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) or inhibition of platelet alpha(IIb)beta(3)-integrin by chimeric 7E3 Fab resulted in a significant reduction of VT-1-induced thrombus formation, suggesting the involvement of von Willebrand factor-platelet interaction at high shear stress in this phenomenon. Functional blockade of endothelial beta(3)-integrin subunit, vitronectin receptor, P-selectin, and PECAM-1 with specific antibodies was associated with a significant decrease of the endothelial area covered by thrombi. Confocal microscopy studies revealed that VT-1 increased the expression of vitronectin receptor and P-selectin and redistributed PECAM-1 away from the cell-cell border of HMEC-1, as well as of HDMECs, thus indicating that the above endothelial adhesion molecules are directly involved and possibly determine the effect of VT-1 on enhancing platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in microvascular endothelium. These results might help to explain why thrombi in HUS localize in microvessels rather than in larger ones and provide insights on the molecular events involved in the process of microvascular thrombosis associated with D+HUS.
Ambitious Project Planning in Kiev (2005)

Technical journalist Shani Wallis travelled to Ukraine to investigate how Kiew city officials are steering the realisation of major road tunnel projects for the county's capital city.
Interaction of Androgen Receptors with Androgen Response Element in Intact Cells (1997)

Promoter interference assay was employed to examine in intact cells the roles of the functional domains of androgen receptor (AR) and the ligand for specific DNA interactions using a cytomegalovirus-(androgen response element)-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter (pCMV-ARE2-CAT). Native rat and human ARs interfered with pCMV-ARE2-CAT expression in a hormone-dependent fashion. Low steroid-independent interference seemed to occur because of the ligand binding domain (LBD), which was transcriptionally inhibitory also in a heterologous context. AR devoid of LBD (rARDelta641-902) decreased pCMV-ARE2-CAT activity by 50%. The rARDelta46-408 mutant devoid of the NH2-terminal transcription activation region exhibited ligand-dependent promoter interference of a similar magnitude. Ligand and DNA binding-deficient mutants (hARM807R and rARC562G, respectively) did not influence pCMV-ARE2-CAT expression, although hARM807R binds to ARE in vitro. Non-steroidal anti-androgens casodex and hydroxyflutamide antagonized agonist-dependent promoter interference, whereas cyproterone acetate, RU 56187, RU 57073, and RU 59063 were partial agonists/antagonists. Collectively, interaction of ARs with ARE in intact cells does not require the presence of the COOH-terminal or NH2-terminal domain and/or their interaction. In the context of native AR, however, the androgen-induced conformational change in LBD is mandatory for generation of a transcriptionally competent receptor that binds to DNA in intact cells.
Expression of bcl‐2 inhibits necrotic neural cell death (1995)

Cell death has been described as either apoptotic, in which the cell actively participates, or necrotic, in which the cell is felt to be passive. The proto-oncogene bcl-2 has been shown to inhibit apoptosis in some hematopoietic and neural cells, by an unknown mechanism. We demonstrate that bcl-2 inhibits the necrosis of neural cells induced by glutathione depletion. This finding demonstrates that bcl-2 does not inhibit the cellular death program directly; rather, bcl-2 modulates a cellular process that leads to apoptosis under some conditions but necrosis under others.
Chiral recognition in aqueous solution. Search for water-soluble chiral hosts with apolar binding sites (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral recognition in aqueous solution. Search for water-soluble chiral hosts with apolar binding sitesYves Rubin, Klaus Dick, Francois Diederich, and Taxiarchis M. GeorgiadisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 17, 3270–3278Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00367a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00367a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views337Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Water movement through lipid bilayers, pores, and plasma membranes : theory and reality (1987)

THEORY: Osmotic Equilibrium Osmotic Transport (Osmosis) Induced by an Impermeant Solute Tracer Diffusion of Water Single-file Transport Osmotic Transport (Osmosis) LIPID BILAYER MEMBRANES: The Unmodified Membrane Nystatin an Amphotericin B. Gramicidin A PLASMA MEMBRANES: General Considerations The Red Cell Membrane Epithelia: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)-Induced Water Permeability Index.
Investigation on the dosage/efficacy relationship of iron dextran in veal calves. (1991)

The efficacy of a single dose of 800 mg resp. 1600 mg iron in the form of an intramuscularly administrable iron (III)-dextran complex (Anaemex, CAS 9004-66-4) has been tested. On 3 groups of 13 calves each, 0 ml (comparing group), 4 ml resp. 8 ml iron dextran 20% have been applied. All calves received iron-containing food during the test period of 10 weeks. At the beginning of the therapy, 5 weeks and 8 weeks after application, the parameters: weight, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, mean corpuscular volume, plasma protein, fibrinogen, leukocytes and serum iron were measured. After 10 weeks the dead weight has been determined and the spleen of some calves tested histologically. The study shows that, by the administration of 1600 mg iron as a depot injection, a better growth results with the same quality of veal. The red-coloring of the veal was not significantly different from that of the comparing group. The histological findings show especially that the iron depots of the spleen were empty in all three groups and thereby in this collective no connection exists between the color of the veal and the tested dosage of iron dextran 20%. It is considered meaningful and economic to renounce in future the iron-containing food and in its place to apply intramuscular a single dose of 1600-2400 mg iron per calf. The results are compared with a study on full term infants, which has shown that a intramuscular single dose of 150 mg of iron as iron dextran at birth affords a nutritional advantage in iron status for up to 15 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ciliated neurons lining the central canal sense both fluid movement and pH through ASIC3 (2016)

Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting (CSF-c) cells are found in all vertebrates but their function has remained elusive. We recently identified one type of laterally projecting CSF-c cell in lamprey spinal cord with neuronal properties that expresses GABA and somatostatin. We show here that these CSF-c neurons respond to both mechanical stimulation and to lowered pH. These effects are most likely mediated by ASIC3-channels, since APETx2, a specific antagonist of ASIC3, blocks them both. Furthermore, lowering of pH as well as application of somatostatin will reduce the locomotor burst rate. The somatostatin receptor antagonist counteracts the effects of both a decrease in pH and of somatostatin. Lateral bending movement imposed on the spinal cord, as would occur during natural swimming, activates CSF-c neurons. Taken together, we show that CSF-c neurons act both as mechanoreceptors and as chemoreceptors through ASIC3 channels, and their action may protect against pH-changes resulting from excessive neuronal activity.
Photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio study of mixed cluster anions of [(CO2)1–3(Pyridine)1–6]−: Formation of a covalently bonded anion core of (C5H5N–CO2)− (2000)

Anions of mixed cluster between carbon dioxide (CO2) and pyridine (C5H5N, denoted by Py), each possessing a negative adiabatic electron affinity, were studied. The minimum size cluster anion was the 1:1 complex of [(CO2)1(Py)1]−, which displayed highest mass spectral intensity in the series. It was shown by photoelectron spectroscopy that [(CO2)1(Py)1]− is not a typically expected ion–molecule complex of the type (CO2)1−(Py)1 or (CO2)1(Py)1−. Ab initio calculation in the UHF/6-311++G** level revealed that [(CO2)1(Py)1]− is indeed a totally new anion of the type (C5H5N-CO2)− with a planar C2v structure, bound by an intermolecular bond of a strongly covalent character. The calculation predicted 1.24 eV for the vertical detachment energy of this anion, which is in reasonably good agreement with the measured value of 1.46 eV by photoelectron spectroscopy. A Mulliken analysis showed that the excess negative charge is fully delocalized throughout the entire molecular frame. Further calculation on intramolecular rotational barrier predicted a considerable barrier height of ∼0.68 eV, which could be due to an additional, weak π-bond character of the newly formed C–N σ-bond. Such extra π-bond network was suggested to provide a path for the charge delocalization and thus lead to the stability of the anion core.
Engineering broad root-knot resistance in transgenic plants by RNAi silencing of a conserved and essential root-knot nematode parasitism gene (2006)

Secreted parasitism proteins encoded by parasitism genes expressed in esophageal gland cells mediate infection and parasitism of plants by root-knot nematodes (RKN). Parasitism gene 16D10 encodes a conserved RKN secretory peptide that stimulates root growth and functions as a ligand for a putative plant transcription factor. We used in vitro and in vivo RNA interference approaches to silence this parasitism gene in RKN and validate that the parasitism gene has an essential function in RKN parasitism of plants. Ingestion of 16D10 dsRNA in vitro silenced the target parasitism gene in RKN and resulted in reduced nematode infectivity. In vivo expression of 16D10 dsRNA in Arabidopsis resulted in resistance effective against the four major RKN species. Because no known natural resistance gene has this wide effective range of RKN resistance, bioengineering crops expressing dsRNA that silence target RKN parasitism genes to disrupt the parasitic process represents a viable and flexible means of developing novel durable RKN-resistant crops and could provide crops with unprecedented broad resistance to RKN.
Liquefaction of Corn Cobs with Supercritical Water Treatment (2007)

Corn cob powder was liquefied in a high-pressure reactor. The composition of the gas and liquid phases produced were analyzed. It was found that the yield of the gas phase and liquid phase increased, while the yield of solid residue decreased with increasing temperature. The gas phase was 33.4% to 49.15% (wt %), the liquid phase was 22.6% to 43% (wt %), and the solid phase was 23.6% to 28.25% (wt %) at 5 to 20 min. Liquid yield increased with the addition of potassium hydroxide. Total liquefaction yield decreased with the increasing of corn cob powder content. The gas phase consisted of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and a small amount of hydrocarbon. The liquid phase consisted of cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, ketone, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, ester, nitrogenated compound, and related derivatives.
Pathology and Virus Distribution in the Lung and Lymphoid Tissues of Pigs Experimentally Inoculated with Three Distinct Type 1 PRRS Virus Isolates of Varying Pathogenicity (2014)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) continues to be the most economically important disease of swine worldwide. The appearance of highly pathogenic PRRS virus (PRRSV) strains in Europe and Asia has raised concerns about this disease and initiated increased efforts to understand the pathogenesis. In this study, we have compared the pathology and the virus distribution in tissues of pigs experimentally inoculated with three different genotype 1 PRRSV isolates. Sixty 5-week-old pigs were inoculated intranasally with a) the Lelystad virus (LV), b) a field strain from the UK causing respiratory clinical signs (UK) or c) a highly pathogenic strain from Belarus (BE). Sixteen animals were mock-infected and used as controls. The animals were euthanized at 3, 7 and 35 days post-infection (dpi), and lung and lymphoid tissues collected for histopathological examination and PRRSV detection by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Histopathological lesions consisted of interstitial pneumonia with mononuclear cell infiltrates in the lungs, lymphoid depletion, apoptosis and follicular hyperplasia in the spleen, lymph nodes and tonsil and lymphoid depletion in the thymus. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was detected mainly in monocytes-macrophages. BE-infected animals showed the highest pathological scores and the highest presence of virus at 3 and 7 dpi, followed by the UK field strain and then LV. Moderate lesions were observed at 35 dpi with lesser detection of PRRSV by IHC in each infected group. The highly pathogenic BE strain induced more severe pathology in both lungs and lymphoid organs of pigs compared with the classic field isolate and the prototype LV. The increased severity of pathology was in correlation with the presence of a higher number of PRRSV-infected cells in the tissues.
Implications for Src Kinases in Hematopoiesis: Signal Transduction Therapeutics (1999)

Signal transduction therapeutics is now the dominant theme of drug discovery, and its most immediate impact will be in cancer therapeutics. Blood cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation are controlled by cytokines, whose receptors contain tyrosine kinase catalytic domains or recruit cytosolic tyrosine kinases. Among the most important cytosolic protein tyrosine kinases are the Src and Jak families. Receptor or cytosolic protein tyrosine kinases activate a similar set of intracellular signaling molecules. In blood cells, excessive tyrosine kinase activity is associated with either cancer or autoreactive diseases. Therefore, tyrosine kinases and their substrates serve as excellent candidates for drug intervention. Herceptin has been approved for use in breast cancer. Other agents, such as SU101 and CGP 57418B, are well into phase I-III trials. Newer, more selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors are being evaluated for future use in the treatment of hematologic and solid tumors as well as a wide range of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.
Catalytic Conversion of Fatty Acids Mixture to Liquid Fuel and Chemicals over Composite Microporous/Mesoporous Catalysts (2005)

Composite catalysts composed of microporous HZSM-5 and mesoporous MCM-41/SBA-15 molecular sieve materials were synthesized using the seeding method. The mesoporous materials containing pure silica and aluminum were coated on the microporous HZSM-5 zeolite. The catalytic conversion of a mixture of palm-oil-based fatty acids to the liquid fuel containing a gasoline fraction and aromatics was studied over the composite catalysts. The reaction was conducted in a fixed-bed microreactor at a temperature of 723 K and weight hourly space velocity of 2.5 h-1. The maximum conversion of the fatty acids mixture was 98 wt % over the composite catalyst with 30 wt % coating of purely siliceous SBA-15 over HZSM-5. The maximum gasoline fraction yield of 44 wt % was obtained with a 20-wt %-pure-siliceous-MCM-41-coated HZSM-5 composite catalyst. The selectivity for the production of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) aromatics in the organic liquid product was enhanced over the mesophase aluminum-containing composite catalysts, compared to the mesoporous MCM-41 or microporous HZSM-5 catalysts alone.
PCOTH, a Novel Gene Overexpressed in Prostate Cancers, Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Growth through Phosphorylation of Oncoprotein TAF-Iβ/SET (2005)

Through genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis coupled with microdissection of prostate cancer cells, we identified a novel gene, prostate collagen triple helix (PCOTH), showing overexpression in prostate cancer cells and its precursor cells, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Immunohistochemical analysis using polyclonal anti-PCOTH antibody confirmed elevated expression of PCOTH, a 100-amino-acid protein containing collagen triple-helix repeats, in prostate cancer cells and PINs. Knocking down PCOTH expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in drastic attenuation of prostate cancer cell growth, and concordantly, LNCaP derivative cells that were designed to constitutively express exogenous PCOTH showed higher growth rate than LNCaP cells transfected with mock vector, suggesting the growth-promoting effect of PCOTH on prostate cancer cell. To investigate the biological mechanisms of this growth-promoting effect, we applied two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) to analyze the phospho-protein fractions in LNCaP cells transfected with PCOTH. We found that the phosphorylation level of oncoprotein TAF-Ibeta/SET was significantly elevated in LNCaP cells transfected with PCOTH than control LNCaP cells, and these findings were confirmed by Western blotting and in-gel kinase assay. Furthermore, knockdown of endogenous TAF-Ibeta expression by siRNA also attenuated viability of prostate cancer cells as well. These findings suggest that PCOTH is involved in growth and survival of prostate cancer cells thorough, in parts, the TAF-Ibeta pathway, and that this molecule should be a promising target for development of new therapeutic strategies for prostate cancers.