gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumour immunobiology : a practical approach (1993)

Preparation of tumour cell-lines, A.P. Wilson asssessment of the immunogenicity of tumour models, F.R. Miller, et al flow cytometry of lymphocytes and tumour cells, J. Lawry (glyco-) protein antigens and peptide epitopes of tumours, M.R. Price isolation and characterization of natural killer cells, T. Timonen, et al isolation and characterization of mononuclear phagocytes, L.J. Partridge and I. Dransfield T-cells - proliferative and cytotoxic responses, R.A. Robins cloning and propagation of human T lymphocytes, G. Pawelec assocation of TCR expression with MHC recognition, S.L. Hand, et al cytokines - identification and measurement to gene activation, F.S. di Giovine, et al cytokine bioassay, F.P. Winstanley strategies for the production of human monoclonal antibodies, M. Kurpisz and G. Wilson radiolabelling antibodies for imaging and targeting, M.V. Pimm and S.J. Gibbon preparation of multispecific F(ab) and F(ab) antibody derivatives, M.J. Glennie, et al construction and expression of Ig fusion proteins, M.S. Hayden, et al reshaping human monoclonal antibodies for vivo diagnosis and therapy, M.E. Verhoeyen single-chain Fvs, M. Whitlow and D. Filpula engineering cytokine-secreting tumour cells, P.M. Patel, et al ex vivo activation of effector cells, K.E. Platts genetic imortalization of human lymphocytes using retroviral vectors, C. Darnsbrough modifying the specificity of T cells using chimeric Ig/TCR genes, Z. Eshhar, et al the use of pre-clinical rodent models for cancer immunotherapy, R.B. Wiltrout use of the tumour spheroid model in immunotherapy, I.E. Grcia de Palazzo, et al characterization of metastatic tumour cells, U.P. Thorgeirsson and A.R. Mackay.
Immunopathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (1996)

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is a prevalent opportunistic mucosal infection, caused predominantly by Candida albicans, which affects a significant number of otherwise healthy women of childbearing age. Since there are no known exogenous predisposing factors to explain the incidence of symptomatic vaginitis in most women with idiopathic RVVC, it has been postulated that these particular women suffer from an immunological abnormality that prediposes them to RVVC. Because of the increased incidence of mucosal candidiasis in individuals with depressed cell-mediated immunity (CMI), defects in CMI are viewed as a possible explanation for RVVC. In this review, we attempt to place into perspective the accumulated information regarding the immunopathogenesis of RVVC, as well as to provide new immunological perspectives and hypotheses regarding potential immunological deficiencies that may predispose to RVVC and potentially other mucosal infections by the same organism. The results of both clinical studies and studies in an animal model of experimental vaginitis suggest that systemic CMI may not be the predominant host defense mechanism against C. albicans vaginal infections. Rather, locally acquired mucosal immunity, distinct from that in the peripheral circulation, is now under consideration as an important host defense at the vaginal mucosa, as well as the notion that changes in local CMI mechanism(s) may predispose to RVVC.
Measurement of dielectrophoretic mobility of single micro-particles in a flow channel (2005)

A new device to measure the dielectrophoretic mobility alpha of a single micro-particle in a micro-flow system has been proposed. From the velocity analysis of the micro-particle flowing between a pair of parabolic electrodes, the value of alpha could be obtained.
Inhibition of TGF-β with neutralizing antibodies prevents radiation-induced acceleration of metastatic cancer progression (2007)

We investigated whether TGF-beta induced by anticancer therapies accelerates tumor progression. Using the MMTV/PyVmT transgenic model of metastatic breast cancer, we show that administration of ionizing radiation or doxorubicin caused increased circulating levels of TGF-beta1 as well as increased circulating tumor cells and lung metastases. These effects were abrogated by administration of a neutralizing pan-TGF-beta antibody. Circulating polyomavirus middle T antigen-expressing tumor cells did not grow ex vivo in the presence of the TGF-beta antibody, suggesting autocrine TGF-beta is a survival signal in these cells. Radiation failed to enhance lung metastases in mice bearing tumors that lack the type II TGF-beta receptor, suggesting that the increase in metastases was due, at least in part, to a direct effect of TGF-beta on the cancer cells. These data implicate TGF-beta induced by anticancer therapy as a pro-metastatic signal in tumor cells and provide a rationale for the simultaneous use of these therapies in combination with TGF-beta inhibitors.
Dielectric receiving filter with sharp stopband using an active feedback resonator method for cellular base stations (1989)

The development of an 800-MHz-band dielectric receiving filter with a sharp stopband is presented. The filter is composed of a conventional dielectric antenna filter and thee active band-stop filters, each sharply eliminating one band in the passband. In the active band-stop filters, small dielectric resonators, in which the unloaded Q is raised to about 50000 by means of an active feedback resonator method, are used. These filters are designed to obtain optimum stability and an optimum noise figure. One of them has a center frequency of 845.75 MHz, a stopband width of 1.0 MHz, and an attenuation of 30 dB. Deviation of the resonant frequency is held without +or-30 kHz, and the noise figure at passband is adequately small. The size of the dielectric receiving filter is 480*250*44 mm/sup 3/, and the volume is less than 1/20 that of a conventional filter using cavity resonators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The effects of aging on gene expression in the hypothalamus and cortex of mice (2001)

A better understanding of the molecular effects of aging in the brain may help to reveal important aspects of organismal aging, as well as processes that lead to age-related brain dysfunction. In this study, we have examined differences in gene expression in the hypothalamus and cortex of young and aged mice by using high-density oligonucleotide arrays. A number of key genes involved in neuronal structure and signaling are differentially expressed in both the aged hypothalamus and cortex, including synaptotagmin I, cAMP-dependent protein kinase C beta, apolipoprotein E, protein phosphatase 2A, and prostaglandin D. Misregulation of these proteins may contribute to age-related memory deficits and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, many proteases that play essential roles in regulating neuropeptide metabolism, amyloid precursor protein processing, and neuronal apoptosis are up-regulated in the aged brain and likely contribute significantly to brain aging. Finally, a subset of these genes whose expression is affected by aging are oppositely affected by exposure of mice to an enriched environment, suggesting that these genes may play important roles in learning and memory.
ZrOCl2·8H2O: An Efficient, Cheap and Reusable Catalyst for the Esterification of Acrylic Acid and Other Carboxylic Acids with Equimolar Amounts of Alcohols (2006)

Esterifications of carboxylic acids with equimolar amount of alcohols could beefficiently catalyzed by ZrOCl2·8H2O. Acrylate esters were obtained in good yields undersolvent-free conditions at ambient temperature. The esterification of other carboxylicacids with alcohols also proceeded at ambient temperature or at 50 oC to afford esters inhigh yields. If the esterification was performed in toluene under azeotropic refluxconditions to remove water, both the catalytic activity of ZrOCl2·8H2O and the rate ofesterification could be increased greatly. Furthermore, in the present catalytic system, theesters could be easily separated from the reaction mixtures and the catalyst could beeasily recovered and reused.
Estrogens Stimulate Cell Proliferation and Induce Secretory Proteins in a Human Breast Cancer Cell Line (T47D)* (1982)

The effects of estradiol (E2) on two cloned sublines derived from the T47D human breast cancer cell line have been studied in vitro. Cell proliferation was evaluated by DNA assay, cell counts, and thymidine incorporation. The rate of synthesis of proteins released into the cell culture medium was assayed by [35S]methionine incorporation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by fluorography. In clone 11, which contains estrogen and progesterone receptors, estradiol (1 pM-1 nM) stimulated cell proliferation 2- to 5-fold after a lag period of 6 days. Maximal stimulation was observed with 1% or 3% fetal calf serum and without added insulin. The effect of E2 was biphasic, since the growth rate was stimulated for E2 concentrations less than 10 nM and then progressively inhibited for higher concentrations. Dexamethasone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, and R5020 (at 1 nM or 1 microM) did not modify cell growth. The antiestrogen Tamoxifen (1 microM) inhibited the E2-induced stimulation and decreased the growth of control cells. Estrogen also stimulated 2- to 3-fold the synthesis of approximately 60K molecular weight dalton proteins which were released into the medium. This effect was seen as early as 1 day of E2 treatment, and a plateau of stimulation was reached with 0.1 nM E2. By contrast, in clone 8, which contains low concentrations of estrogen and progesterone receptors, E2 had no effect on cell growth and stimulated slightly the synthesis of a 55K protein. These results demonstrate that E2 is able to directly stimulate the proliferation of human epithelial breast cancer cells after having stimulated the synthesis of approximately 60,000 dalton proteins released into the medium.
Ratio of active to inactive forms of acyl carrier protein in Escherichia coli. (1983)

Acyl carrier protein (ACP) functions as a cofactor in fatty acid biosynthesis due to the covalent linkage of an acyl moiety to its 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group. This prosthetic group undergoes turnover in vivo and since the apoprotein is functionally inactive, the interconversion between ACP and apo-ACP has been considered as a possible regulatory point in lipid biosynthesis. To investigate this possibility, the ratio of ACP to apo-ACP was measured in Escherichia coli. An apo-ACP standard was synthesized using [ACP] phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.14) and could be clearly separated from ACP by conformationally sensitive gel electrophoresis, thus providing a reliable assay for the presence of these two species. Antibodies specific for ACP were purified from rabbit serum on an ACP-Sepharose column and subsequently used to synthesize an immunoaffinity column. Chromatography of leucine-labeled cell extracts on this support resulted in the specific binding of ACP, but apo-ACP was not detected in either logarithmically growing or stationary phase cells, although both ACP species bound to the purified anti-ACP IgG. Apo-ACP was not detected as an intermediate in ACP biosynthesis, suggesting that apo-ACP is rapidly converted to ACP following translation. CoA is the biosynthetic precursor to the ACP prosthetic group, but apo-ACP did not accumulate when the intracellular CoA concentration was severely depressed in strain SJ16 (panD), a beta-alanine auxotroph. Strain MP4 (acpS) is conditionally defective in [ACP]synthase (EC 2.7.8.7) and apo-ACP was the predominant form of ACP synthesized in this strain under nonpermissive conditions. Even under conditions that permitted growth, apo-ACP comprised 70% of the total ACP pool in strain MP4. Strain MP4 possessed a phospholipid to protein ratio within the normal range, suggesting that the ratio of ACP to apo-ACP can be significantly altered without affecting total lipid content. Thus, it appears that the prosthetic group turnover cycle maintains all of the ACP in an active form in vivo and a regulatory role for the ACP/apo-ACP ratio seems doubtful.
Infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease: clinical outcome in a population based cohort from Stockholm County (2004)

Infliximab was efficacious as an anti-inflammatory treatment when assessed in a population based cohort of patients with IBD. However, there appear to be a significant risk of deleterious and fatal adverse events, particularly in elderly patients with severe attacks of IBD. Off label use of infliximab in UC and IC should be avoided until efficacy is proven in randomised controlled trials. The underlying risk of developing malignancies among patients with severe or chronically active CD in need of infliximab treatment is not known but the finding of a 1.5% annual incidence of lymphoma emphasises the need for vigilant surveillance with respect to this malignant complication.
Effect Of Intratympanic Dexamethasone on Noise-Induced Temporary Threshold Shift (2005)

There is no effect of either IT-DEX and DEX/HA for NITTS.
Dynamic congestion control and error recovery over a heterogeneous Internet (2002)

In the heterogeneous Internet of the future, end-to-end transport protocols for error recovery and congestion control must be able to handle large bandwidth delay products, random loss (i.e., loss due to phenomena which occur on a time scale faster than the feedback delay), and possibly asymmetry between the bottleneck link capacities on the data and acknowledgement (ACK) paths. Our objective in this paper is to provide a flavor of transport protocol design and analysis in this scenario by illustrating two key points: (a) Although rigorous analysis for transport protocols over heterogeneous networks is difficult, approximate analysis can be used to obtain rules of thumb that are invaluable for designing network level controls for supporting transport protocols. This is illustrated by showing how our recently developed analytical understanding of TCP/IP, the popular Internet transport protocol, leads to network control mechanisms for hiding the time variations and losses of a wireless link from TCP, or for dealing with the effect of asymmetry. (b) While it is not clear that the feedback structure required to apply traditional control schemes is available at the transport layer, application of systems level thinking in protocol design can lead to significant performance gains over TCP/IP. We illustrate this using our recent work on a transport protocol based on a novel ACK format that conveys information sufficient for error recovery and congestion control even with an ACK path of poor quality.
A case of recent myocardial infarction with cardiac failure (2016)

What is the most likely diagnosis based on the echocardiogram? LV pseudo-aneurysm with contained ruptureDissecting intramural haematoma of LV apexVentricular apical aneurysm with thrombusLV non-compaction with prominent ventricular trabaculations.
Plant oils: The perfect renewable resource for polymer science?! (2010)

Already for a long time, plant oils and their derivatives have been used by polymer chemists due to their renewable nature, world wide availability, relatively low price, and their rich application possibilities. Although many different synthetic approaches have been used, more recent examples are pointing in the direction of catalytic transformations and other efficient reactions to achieve a more sustainable production of polymers from these renewable resources. In this context, olefin metathesis, thiol–ene additions, and other processes can contribute not only to a more efficient synthesis of plant oil based polymers, but also to broaden the application possibilities of plant oils. This feature article provides an overview of the present situation with special attention to the use of olefin metathesis and thiol–ene chemistry as synthetic methods and as polymerization techniques.
Transcription and RNA Replication of Tacaribe Virus Genome and Antigenome Analogs Require N and L Proteins: Z Protein Is an Inhibitor of These Processes (2001)

Tacaribe virus (TV), the prototype of the New World group of arenaviruses, comprises a single phylogenetic lineage together with four South American pathogenic producers of hemorrhagic disease. The TV genome consists of two single-stranded RNA segments called S and L. A reconstituted transcription-replication system based on plasmid-supplied TV-like RNAs and TV proteins was established. Plasmid expression was driven by T7 RNA polymerase supplied by a recombinant vaccinia virus. Plasmids were constructed to produce TV S segment analogs containing the negative-sense copy of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) flanked at the 5' and 3' termini by sequences corresponding to those of the 5' and 3' noncoding regions of the S genome (minigenome) or the S antigenome (miniantigenome). In cells expressing N and L proteins, input minigenome or miniantigenome produced, respectively, encapsidated miniantigenome or minigenome which in turn produced progeny minigenome or progeny miniantigenome. Both minigenome and miniantigenome in the presence of N and L mediated transcription, which was analyzed as CAT expression. Coexpression of the small RING finger Z (p11) protein was highly inhibitory to both transcription and replication mediated by the minigenome or the miniantigenome. The effect depended on synthesis of Z protein rather than on plasmid or the RNA and was not ascribed to decreased amounts of plasmid-supplied template or proteins (N or L). N and L proteins were sufficient to support full-cycle RNA replication of a plasmid-supplied S genome analog in which CAT replaced the N gene. Replication of this RNA was also inhibited by Z expression.
Heritability of the Weight Loss Response to Gastric Bypass Surgery (2011)

Genetic factors strongly influence the effect of RYGB on body weight. Identification of the specific genes that mediate this effect will advance our understanding of the biological mechanisms of weight loss after RYGB and should help identify patients who will benefit the most from this intervention.
Human Endosialin (Tumor Endothelial Marker 1) Is Abundantly Expressed in Highly Malignant and Invasive Brain Tumors (2004)

Endosialin (tumor endothelial marker 1) is expressed preferentially by tumor endothelial cells but not by normal endothelium. Its protein domain architecture is homologous to that of CD93 and thrombomodulin (CD141), suggesting a similar function in mediating cell-cell interactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of endosialin in human brain tumors in a bid to decipher its contribution to tumor angiogenesis. We generated an antibody specifically recognizing human endosialin and used it to study endosialin expression in 30 human brain tumor specimens by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Twenty of 30 tumors expressed endosialin in a heterogeneous manner. The largest proportion of endosialin-expressing tumors was found in highly invasive glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytomas, and metastatic carcinomas. Endosialin was localized to the endothelium of small and large vessels strongly stained for CD31 and was also expressed by Thy-1-positive fibroblast-like cells close to the meninges and alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in some vessels. Endosialin colocalized with thrombomodulin, suggesting the proteins may have complementary functions in tumor progression.
Yersinia enterocolitica: the charisma continues (1997)

Yersinia enterocolitica, a gram-negative coccobacillus, comprises a heterogeneous group of bacterial strains recovered from animal and environmental reservoirs. The majority of human pathogenic strains are found among distinct serogroups (e.g. O:3, O:5,27, O:8, O:9) and contain both chromosome- and plasmid (60 to 75 kb)-mediated virulence factors that are absent in "avirulent" strains. While Y. enterocolitica is primarily a gastrointestinal tract pathogen, it may produce extraintestinal infections in hosts with underlying predisposing factors. Postinfection sequelae include arthritis and erythema nodosum, which are seen mainly in Europe among patients with serogroups O:3 and O:9 infection and HLA-B27 antigen. Y. enterocolitica is acquired through the oral route and is epidemiologically linked to porcine sources. Bacteremia is prominent in the setting of immunosuppression or in patients with iron overload or those being treated with desferrioxamine. metastatic foci following bacteremia are common and often involve the liver and spleen. Of particular concern is blood transfusion-related bacteremia. Evidence has accumulated substantiating the role of Y. enterocolitica as a food-borne pathogen that has caused six major outbreaks in the United States. The diagnosis of Y. enterocolitica gastroenteritis is best achieved through isolation of the bacterium on routine or selective bacteriologic media. When necessary, serogrouping, biogrouping, and assessment for plasmid-encoded virulence traits may aid in distinguishing virulent from "avirulent" strains. Epidemiologically, outside of identified food-borne outbreaks, the source (reservoir) of Y. enterocolitica in sporadic cases is speculative. Therefore, prevention and control measures are difficult to institute.
Altered B-cell receptor signaling kinetics distinguish human follicular lymphoma B cells from tumor-infiltrating nonmalignant B cells (2006)

The B-cell receptor (BCR) transmits life and death signals throughout B-cell development, and altered BCR signaling may be required for survival of B-lymphoma cells. We used single-cell signaling profiles to compare follicular lymphoma (FL) B cells and nonmalignant host B cells within individual patient biopsies and identified BCR-mediated signaling events specific to lymphoma B cells. Expression of CD20, Bcl-2, and BCR light chain isotype (kappa or lambda) distinguished FL tumor B-cell and nontumor host B-cell subsets within FL patient biopsies. BCR-mediated signaling via phosphorylation of Btk, Syk, Erk1/2, and p38 occurred more rapidly in tumor B cells from FL samples than in infiltrating nontumor B cells, achieved greater levels of per-cell signaling, and sustained this level of signaling for hours longer than nontumor B cells. The timing and magnitude of BCR-mediated signaling in nontumor B cells within an FL sample instead resembled that observed in mature B cells from the peripheral blood of healthy subjects. BCR signaling pathways that are potentiated specifically in lymphoma cells should provide new targets for therapeutic attention.
Mercurated polynucleotides. New probes for hybridization and selective polymer fractionation (1975)

Polynucleotides containing covalently bound mercury atoms have been prepared by chemical or enzymatic syntheses and some of their physical and biochemical properties studied. The mercury substituents do not appear to alter significantly normal polynucleotide structure. Mercurated polymers function efficiently as templates for nucleic acid polymerases, they are fully susceptible to degradation by standard nucleases, and their denaturation and reannealing properties resemble those of the corresponding nonmercurated polymers. While the Tm's of DNA duplexes are lowered by extensive mercuration, the Tm's of DNA-RNA hybrids and RNA duplexes are either unaffected or elevated. Mercuration, as would be expected, greatly increases the buoyant density of both DNA and RNA. The introduction of as few as one mercury atom per 200 bases permits the selective and quantitative retention of the mercurated polymer probe (and associated nucleotide sequences) on columns of sulfhydryl-agarose. The use of mercurated nucleotides (as polymerase substrates) and oligonucleotides (as primers) in conjunction with sulfhydryl-agarose chromatography provides a simple and efficient method for the isolation of selected polynucleotide sequences, such as specific in vitro transcription products or terminal fragments of duplex DNA. Products absorbed to the affinity resin are readily recovered for further analysis by eluting with buffers containing mercaptoethanol. Although the mercury-carbon bond is somewhat thermolabile, mercurated polynucleotides are suitable as probes in low temperature hybridization studies.