gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model filled polymers. VII: Flow behavior of polymers containing monodisperse crosslinked polymeric beads (1992)

Abstract Steady shear viscosities and dynamic moduli of polymer composites, consisting of combinations of crosslinked beads and matrices of polystyrene (PS) and polymethacrylates (PMA), are measured in a cone and plate rheometer. Viscosities and moduli were very sensitive to chemical composition. Crosslinked beads of identical composition to the matrix exhibited the lowest viscosity enhancements at low shear rates and the lowest moduli in dynamic mechanical analysis. The effects of bead concentration on rheological behavior were compared for PS and PMMA beads in a PMMA matrix. PMMA beads produce small effects, whereas PS beads yield highly non‐Newtonian systems in PMMA, showing a yield stress of 1100 Pa at 30 wt% filler loading and dynamic moduli independent of frequency. We suggest that rheological behavior reflects the state of dispersion of beads in the matrix. Beads identical in composition to the matrix yield uniform dispersions. We propose that uniform and stable bead dispersions exhibit the lowest viscosity and moduli. Beads that cluster in the matrix, such as PS beads in PMMA, exhibit highly non‐Newtonian behavior.
Designing lanthanide-doped nanocrystals with both up- and down-conversion luminescence for anti-counterfeiting (2011)

The widespread forgery in all kinds of paper documents and certificates has become a real threat to society. Traditional fluorescent anti-counterfeiting materials generally exhibit unicolor display and suffer greatly from substitution, thus leading to a poor anti-counterfeiting effect. In this work, unseen but significant enhanced blue down-conversion emission from oleic acid-stabilized lanthanide-doped fluoride nanocrystals is first present and the mechanism is proposed and validated. This not only endows these nanocrystals with dual-mode fluorescence, but also offers a simplified synthesis approach for dual-mode fluorescent nanocrystals involving no further complicated assembly or coating procedures, unlike the traditional methods. Furthermore, by changing the host/dopant combination or the content of dopant, these nanocrystals can exhibit simultaneously multicolor up-conversion emission under excitation at near-infrared light and unalterable blue down-conversion emission under ultraviolet light. A preliminary investigation of their anti-counterfeiting performance has been made, and the results indicate that this color tuning capability and high concealment makes these nanocrystals behave in a similar way to chameleons and can provide a strengthened and more reliable anti-counterfeiting effect.
Immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: the role of T cells (1999)

Multiple sclerosis is considered to be an autoimmune disease that results from aberrant immune responses to central nervous system antigens. T cells are considered to be crucial in orchestrating an immunopathological cascade that culminates in damage to the myelin sheath, oligodendrocytes and axons.
A specific intercellular pathway of apoptotic cell death is defective in the mature peripheral T cells of autoimmune lpr and gld mice (1994)

Homozygosity for either of the unlinked murine autosomal recessive mutations lpr or gld leads to autoimmunity characterized by peripheral accumulation of CD4-/CD8- "double-negative" T cells, autoantibodies and various forms of tissue pathology. Recently, the gene affected by lpr was identified as fas, whose product acts as a trigger for programmed cell death or apoptosis. Data reported here indicate that the Fas receptor and its ligand, the wild-type form of the gld gene product, are essential for antigen-stimulated peripheral T cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the wild-type gld gene product is a non-cell-autonomous protein that is produced by activated T cells. Apoptotic elimination of antigen-receptor-triggered peripheral T cells appears to be abnormal in lpr and gld mice, and this deficiency causes peripheral T cells to accumulate resulting in lymphadenopathy. These findings support the importance of apoptotic regulation of lymphocyte persistence after antigen encounter in vivo.
Randomised trial of an inhaled beta 2 agonist, inhaled corticosteroid and their combination in the treatment of asthma (1999)

In this group of mild to moderate asthmatic subjects the combination of beta2 agonist and corticosteroid gave better asthma control than either treatment alone. There was no evidence that regular beta2 agonist treatment impaired the beneficial effect of inhaled corticosteroid.
Ueber die Fortpflanzung elektrodynamischer Wellen längs eines Drahtes (1899)

So nun e r f e 2 d. 1. Historische Vorbemerkungen.Das Problem iler Fortpf-ianzung H e r t z ' scher Wellen langs eines Drahtes ist ohne Frage fiir die moderne Physik so fundamental, dass eine esacte mathematische Behandlung desselben auf Grund der Maxwell'schen Gleichungen erwunscht seiri durfte.Die Losung lasst sich ohne Aufwand eines
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Scenario-Based Robust Economic Dispatch Strategy in Internet of Energy (2020)

Currently, the integration of distributed energy generators through virtual power plants in the Internet of Energy is a mainstream method. The complex structure of virtual power plants and the characteristics of distributed energy make it difficult to solve the economic dispatch problems of virtual power plants. In addition, the load of a virtual power plant is unstable and uncertain and thus requires a robust economic dispatch strategy. Because the selection of the set of uncertain conditions is conservative, the traditional robust economic dispatch strategies cannot effectively reduce the cost of virtual power plants. In addition, the traditional methods for solving robust strategies cannot directly solve nonlinear and nonconvex problems. In this article, we propose a scenario-based robust economic dispatch strategy for virtual power plants, aiming to reduce the operational costs of virtual power plants. First, to reduce the conservatism of the strategy, scenario-based data augmentation is adopted for data generation. Through a generative adversarial network, a large amount of scene data are generated to extend the set of uncertain conditions. The scene data cannot only reduce the conservatism but also can be used in the determination of robust strategies. Second, deep reinforcement learning is adopted for historical data training, directly solving nonlinear and nonconvex problems to obtain a robust economic dispatch strategy. As experiments show, with the accurate generation of scene data, the proposed economic dispatch strategy is robust and effectively reduces the cost of virtual power plants.
Genetic and biochemical characterization of the thymidine kinase gene from herpesvirus of turkeys (1989)

The thymidine kinase gene encoded by herpesvirus of turkeys has been identified and characterized. A viral mutant (ATR0) resistant to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylthymine was isolated. This mutant was also resistant to 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuronosyl)-5-methyluracil and was unable to incorporate [125I]deoxycytidine into DNA. The mutant phenotype was rescued by a cloned region of the turkey herpesvirus genome whose DNA sequence was found to contain an open reading frame similar to that for known thymidine kinases from other viruses. When expressed in Escherichia coli, this open reading frame complemented a thymidine kinase-deficient strain and resulted in thymidine kinase activity in extracts assayed in vitro.
Abstracts Of The Proceedings And Posters (2019)

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The imaging of positron emitters in single photon and coincidence mode: evaluation of SPECT and PET systems (2002)

System parameters as spatial resolution, sensitivity, singles and coincidence count rates, signal to noise (S/N) ratio have been measured with positron emitting radiopharmaceuticals in a Siemens MultiSpect2 system with 511 keV collimators, a Siemens ZLC dual-headed uncollimated rotating gamma camera system operated in coincidence mode and a Siemens Ecat 951/31 PET ring system. From these measurements it is evident that the sensitivity and spatial resolution of PET systems are superior to those achieved by SPECT systems. The performance of PET ring systems is superior compared to dual-headed coincidence systems especially if count rate capability and accidental coincidences are considered. The better energy resolution of NaI in comparison with BGO results in a lower scatter fraction at the same energy window. An absolute quantitation is only possible with PET ring systems with an individual attenuation correction.
Label-Free Imaging of Heme Dynamics in Living Organisms by Transient Absorption Microscopy (2018)

Heme, a hydrophobic and cytotoxic macrocycle, is an essential cofactor in a large number of proteins and is important for cell signaling. This must mean that heme is mobilized from its place of synthesis or entry into the cell to other parts of the cell where hemoproteins reside. However, the cellular dynamics of heme movement is not well understood, in large part due to the inability to image heme noninvasively in live biological systems. Here, using high-resolution transient absorption microscopy, we showed that heme storage and distribution is dynamic in Caenorhabditis elegans. Intracellular heme exists in concentrated granular puncta which localizes to lysosomal-related organelles. These granules are dynamic, and their breaking down into smaller granules provides a mechanism by which heme stores can be mobilized. Collectively, these direct and noninvasive dynamic imaging techniques provide new insights into heme storage and transport and open a new avenue for label-free investigation of heme function and regulation in living systems.
Transplants of Schwann cell cultures promote axonal regeneration in the adult mammalian brain. (1985)

Transplantation of embryonic brain tissue or mature peripheral nerves into the adult mammalian central nervous system promotes axonal regrowth from axotomized central nervous system neurons; however, the cellular origin and molecular nature of the factors promoting axonal growth in vivo are unknown. To further characterize cellular environments that facilitate regeneration of central nervous system axons, we developed a methodology whereby cultured cell preparations can be transplanted into the brain of mature mammals. For this procedure, lesions are produced in the septal-hippocampal system of adult rats, and selected regions from collagen-supported Schwann cell/neuron cultures (consisting of Schwann cells, extracellular matrix, and degenerating neuronal processes and myelin but devoid of neuronal perikarya and fibroblasts) are positioned within the intracephalic cavity so that they bridge the lesion gap (approximately 3 mm) separating the septum and hippocampus. At various time up to 3 weeks after transplantation, specimens were prepared for acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and the immunocytochemical localization of laminin (an extracellular matrix protein) and C-4 (a Schwann cell membrane antigen). All specimens (from uninjured controls and from animals with either acellular collagen or mature Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants) contained laminin immunoreactivity associated with the meninges, choroid plexus, ependyma, and cerebral blood vessels. All animals with transplants showed prominent laminin staining on astrocytic processes along the intracephalic cavity, but only the Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants exhibited dense laminin and C-4 immunoreactivity within the cellular portion of the transplants. Regeneration of acetylcholinesterase-positive septal fibers occurred only in animals containing Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants. By 6 days after transplantation, acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers were observed both on laminin-positive cellular tissue strands connecting the septum and the Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants and on the initial portions of the transplants. By day 14, acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers traversed the entire lesion cavity in intimate association with the laminin- and C-4-positive cellular layer of the transplants and reinnervated the host hippocampus. However, cholinergic fibers were not associated with all laminin-containing processes along the lesion cavity nor did they grow along acellular collagen transplants. These results indicate the presence of factors in transplants of cultured Schwann cells and their associated extracellular matrix that promote rapid regeneration of central nervous system cholinergic axons in vivo.
Involvement of STAT3 in immune evasion during lung tumorigenesis (2012)

In a recent study, we have shown that STAT3 expressed by tumor cells blunts antitumor immunity during carcinogen-induced lung tumorigenesis. STAT3 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory chemokines and MHC Class I chain-related gene A. In contrast, STAT3 promotes the expression of MHC class I molecules. Consequently, STAT3 promotes tumor cell resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Characterization and expression of the human rhoH12 gene product. (1989)

The rho genes constitute an evolutionarily conserved family having significant homology to the ras oncogene family. These genes have been found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, rat, and human; their 21,000-dalton products show strong conservation of structure. In humans, three classes of rho cDNA clones have been identified which differ by virtue of the presence of variable C-terminal domains: rhoH12, rhoH6, and rhoH9. The predicted 193 amino acids of human rhoH12 protein show 88% similarity with those of the human rhoH6 clone, 96.8% similarity with those of the Aplysia rho product, and 81.8% similarity with those of the yeast RHO1 protein. Rat-1 and NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts were transfected with clones containing the normal human rhoH12 allele as well as the variants encoding valine in place of the glycine and leucine in place of the glutamine normally found at residues 14 and 64, respectively. These replacements mirror the changes responsible for oncogenic activation of the related ras-encoded p21 proteins. These mutant rhoH12 clone alleles did not cause focus formation in monolayers or growth in soft agar. However, amplification of normal rhoH12 via cotransfection with a dihydrofolate reductase gene resulted in colonies that displayed reduced dependence on serum for growth, grew to higher saturation densities, and were tumorigenic when inoculated into nude mice. Normal p21rho protein was detected in the transfected cell lines as well as in normal cell lines by Western immunoblot and immunoprecipitation analysis with rabbit antibodies raised against the peptide corresponding to amino acids 122 to 135.
An adaptive mechanism for accurate query answering under differential privacy (2012)

We propose a novel mechanism for answering sets of counting queries under differential privacy. Given a workload of counting queries, the mechanism automatically selects a different set of "strategy" queries to answer privately, using those answers to derive answers to the workload. The main algorithm proposed in this paper approximates the optimal strategy for any workload of linear counting queries. With no cost to the privacy guarantee, the mechanism improves significantly on prior approaches and achieves near-optimal error for many workloads, when applied under (ε, δ)-differential privacy. The result is an adaptive mechanism which can help users achieve good utility without requiring that they reason carefully about the best formulation of their task.
Purification and characterization of Bacillus coagulans oligo‐1,6‐glucosidase (1986)

A p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside-hydrolyzing oligo-1,6-glucosidase of Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 (facultative thermophile) was purified to homogeneity. The relative molecular mass, Stokes radius, sedimentation coefficient at 20 degrees C in water, molecular absorption coefficient at 280 nm and pH 6.8, and isoelectric point were estimated as 60 000, 3.29 nm, 4.8 X 10(-13) s, 1.34 X 10(5) M-1 cm-1, and 4.3, respectively. The amino-terminal amino acid was threonine. There was no common antigenic group between the enzyme and each of its homologous counterparts from Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064 (mesophile) and Bacillus thermoglucosidasius KP 1006 (obligate thermophile). These oligo-1,6-glucosidases strongly resembled one another in their amino acid composition, except that the proline content increased with the elevation of thermostability in the order, mesophile----facultative thermophile----obligate thermophile enzymes.
Pediatric malignancies provide unique cancer therapy targets (2005)

The increased utilization of small molecules to disrupt or inactivate tumor-specific molecular targets is rapidly evolving. The use of these small molecules to probe biology and treat disease is advancing towards a new generation of anticancer therapies.
Melting, freezing, and coalescence of gold nanoclusters (1997)

We present a detailed molecular-dynamics study of the melting, freezing, and coalescence of gold nanoclusters within the framework of the embedded-atom method. Concerning melting, we find the process first to affect the surface (``premelting''), then to proceed inwards. The curve for the melting temperature vs cluster size is found to agree reasonably well with predictions of phenomenological models based on macroscopic concepts, in spite of the fact that the clusters exhibit polymorphism and structural transitions. Upon quenching, we observe a large hysterisis of the transition temperature, consistent with recent experiments on lead. In contrast, we find macroscopic sintering theories to be totally unable to describe the coalescing behavior of two small clusters. We attribute this failure to the fact that the nanocrystals are faceted, while the sintering theories are formulated for macroscopically smooth crystallites. The time for coalescence from our calculations is predicted to be much longer than expected from the macroscopic theory. This has important consequences for the morphology of cluster-assembled materials.
Regulatory T cells in tumor immunity (2010)

Recent studies have revealed that Foxp3(+)CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are physiologically engaged in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance, play critical roles for the control of antitumor immune responses. For example, a large number of Foxp3(+)Tregs infiltrate into tumors, and systemic removal of Foxp3(+)Tregs enhances natural as well as vaccine-induced antitumor T-cell responses. Tregs are recruited to tumor tissues via chemokines, such as CCL22 binding to CCR4 expressed by Tregs. They appear to expand and become activated in tumor tissues and in the draining lymph nodes by recognizing tumor-associated antigens as well as normal self-antigen expressed by tumor cells. These results indicate that cancer vaccines targeting tumor-associated self-antigens may potentially expand/activate Tregs and hamper effective antitumor immune responses, and that tumor immunity can therefore be enhanced by depleting Tregs, attenuating Treg suppressive function, or rendering effector T cells refractory to Treg-mediated suppression. Recent attempts have indeed demonstrated that combinations of monoclonal antibodies capable of modulating Treg functions synergistically enhance antitumor activity and are more effective than a single monoclonal antibody therapy. Combination therapy targeting a variety of molecules expressed in antigen-presenting cells, effector T cells and Tregs is envisaged to be a promising anticancer immunotherapy.
Temperature Modulated Solubility-Activity Alterations for Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)-Lipase Conjugates (1994)

Chemical modification of proteins by use of functional polymers is expected to endow them with new properties without destroying their native functions, thus providing useful materials for application in different fields. We have synthesized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [poly(IPAAm)] co-oligomer with N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) and reactive end groups by telomerization of IPAAm. This co-oligomer exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 37 degrees C. Using this temperature-responsive semitelechelic co-oligomer, we prepared polymer-enzyme conjugates of lipase by covalent coupling via carboxyl end-groups. This bioconjugate exhibits a LCST at 37 degrees C, having rapid, reversible hydration-dehydration changes due to highly mobile free polymer end groups. The conjugate retained its native enzymatic activity below this critical temperature, above which it precipitated and its catalytic function was shut off. This conjugate can be readily separated from reaction mixtures as a precipitate by simple temperature changes after reaction and reused in cycles without denaturation. Such a modulated system is attractive for application as a novel bioreactor system.
Wie entsteht Information? Prinzipien der Selbstorganisation in der Biologie (1976)

Abstract Information als strukturelles Korrelat von Funktion entsteht durch einen dynamischen Selbstbewertungsprozeß. Die notwendigen Voraussetzungen für eine solche Selbstorganisation lassen sich aus geeigneten Spielmodellen ableiten. Es wird untersucht, wie weit diese Voraussetzungen für die Selbstorganisation definierter Materiesysteme erfüllbar und hinreichend sind. Es ergeben sich zwei wesentliche Organisationsprinzipien: Die “natürliche” Selektion, wie sie bereits von Darwin als Prinzip formuliert, nunmehr aber durch ein für selbst‐. komplementäre‐ oder zyklisch‐reproduktive Materiesysteme unter geeigneten Randbedingungen gültiges Extremalprinzip begründet werden kann. Die anzusammelnde Informationsmenge ist aufgrund der durch die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Systems vorgegebene übertragungsqualität begrenzt. Die hyperzyklische Integration replikativer Systeme, mit deren Hilfe neue Mechanismen zur Erweiterung der Informationskapazität entwickelt und nutzbar gemacht werden können. Die Bedeutung beider Prinzipien für die Evolution vom molekularen zum zellulären System wird an konkreten Beispielen untersucht. Wesentliche Folgerungen sind auch über den Rahmen der Molekularbiologie hinaus allgemein gültig.
Identification of novel multi-transmembrane proteins from genomic databases using quasi-periodic structural properties (2000)

Here we describe a new algorithm for identifying multi-transmembrane proteins from genomic databases with a specific application to identifying G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that we call quasi-periodic feature classifier (QFC). The QFC algorithm uses concise statistical variables as the 'feature space' to characterize the quasi-periodic physico-chemical properties of multi-transmembrane proteins. For the case of identifying GPCRs, the variables are then used in a non-parametric linear discriminant function to separate GPCRs from non-GPCRs. The algorithm runs in time linearly proportional to the number of sequences, and performance on a test dataset shows 96% positive identification of known GPCRs. The QFC algorithm also works well with short random segments of proteins and it positively identified GPCRs at a level greater than 90% even with segments as short as 100 amino acids. The primary advantage of the algorithm is that it does not directly use primary sequence patterns which may be subject to sampling bias. The utility of the new algorithm has been demonstrated by the isolation from the Drosophila genome project database of a novel class of seven-transmembrane proteins which were shown to be the elusive olfactory receptor genes of Drosophila.
Ultra-high aspect ratio functional nanoporous silicon via nucleated catalysts (2017)

Large scale, sub-10 nm high aspect ratio nanoporous silicon is fabricated<italic>via</italic>scalable sputtering and a solution-based process.