gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacillus licheniformis penicillinase synthesized in Escherichia coli contains covalently linked fatty acid and glyceride. (1981)

DNA sequence analysis of the structural gene for Bacillus licheniformis penicillinase has revealed a tetrapeptide sequence of Leu-Ala-Gly-Cys within the NH2-terminal part of the precursor form of penicillinase (penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase, EC 3.5.2.6). The same tetrapeptide occurs in the signal sequence of the prolipoprotein of Escherichia coli, and the cysteine residue in the tetrapeptide of prolipoprotein is modified to form glyceride-cysteine which becomes the NH2 terminus of Braun's lipoprotein. On the basis of labeling, with [2-3H]glycerol, [3H]palmitate, [35S]methionine, and [35S]sulfuric acid, of an E. coli strain lysogenic for a lambda vector containing the penicillinase gene from B. licheniformis and of immunoprecipitation with rabbit antisera against purified B. licheniformis penicillinase, we conclude that B. licheniformis penicillinase synthesized in E. coli contains covalently linked glyceride and fatty acid. These results strongly suggest the operation of a modification system in E. coli, and presumably in other Gram-negative bacteria, which results in the formation of a glyceride-cysteine residue if the proper peptide sequence is present in the signal sequence of membrane proteins.
Crossover study of thalidomide vs placebo in severe recurrent aphthous stomatitis (1990)

• A multicentric crossover randomized trial of 100 mg of thalidomide vs placebo each for 2 months was conducted in patients with severe aphthous stomatitis of more than 6 months' duration. Seventy-three patients were included. Complete remission was obtained in 32 patients who received thalidomide and in 6 patients who received placebo. The confidence interval of the difference between the two treatments ranged from 25% to 53%. Most of the patients who did not achieve a complete remission had a dramatic improvement with regard to the number of aphthae when they were receiving thalidomide. Thirteen of 17 patients who had a complete remission while they were receiving thalidomide had a recurrence with placebo, 19 ± 9 (mean ± SD) days after stopping this drug. Side effects were significantly more frequent with thalidomide, especially drowsiness and constipation. We concluded that thalidomide in a dosage of 100 mg/d is an effective treatment of severe aphthous stomatitis but is not without some risk. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>. 1990;126:923-927)
Rethinking herpes simplex virus: the way to oncolytic agents (2011)

Oncolytic viruses infect, replicate in and kill cancer cells. HSV has emerged as a most promising candidate because it exerts a generally moderate pathogenicity in humans; it is amenable to attenuation and tropism retargeting; the ample genome provides space for heterologous genes; specific antiviral therapy is available in a worst case scenario. The first strategy to convert HSV into an oncolytic agent consisted in deletion of the γ(1) 34.5 gene which counteracts the protein kinase R (PKR) response, and of the UL39 gene which encodes the large ribonucleotide reductase subunit. Tumor specificity resided in low PKR activity, and high deoxyribonucleotides content of cancer cells. These highly attenuated viruses have been and presently are in clinical trials with encouraging results. The preferred route of administration has been intratumor or in tissues adjacent to resected tumors. Although the general population has a high seroprevalence of antibodies to HSV, studies in animals and humans demonstrate that prior immunity is not an obstacle to systemic routes of administration, and that oncolytic HSV (o-HSVs) do populate tumors. As the attenuated viruses undergo clinical experimentation, the research pipeline is developing novel, more potent and highly tumor-specific o-HSVs. These include viruses which overcome tumor heterogeneity in PKR level by insertion of anti-PKR genes, viruses which reinforce the host tumor clearance capacity by encoding immune cytokines (IL-12 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), and non-attenuated viruses fully retargeted to tumor specific receptors. A strategy to generate o-HSVs fully retargeted to human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) or other cancer-specific surface receptors is detailed.
Use of preservative-free hyaluronic acid (Hylabak&reg;) for a range of patients with dry eye syndrome: experience in Russia (2014)

Artificial tear preparations are important in the management of dry eye syndrome. We present the findings from four recently published studies conducted in Russia assessing Hylabak(®) (marketed as Hyabak(®) in Europe), a preservative-free hyaluronic acid preparation, for the treatment of dry eye syndrome. All studies had an open, noncomparative design, but one compared the findings with those from 25 patients treated with Tear Naturale(®) in previous studies. A total of 134 children and adults were enrolled, and the etiologies of dry eye syndrome included contact lens use, intensive office work, adenovirus eye infection, postmenopausal status, persistent meibomian blepharitis, Sjögren's syndrome, phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, and refractive surgery. The patients were treated with Hylabak for 2 weeks to 2 months. All studies showed that Hylabak resulted in marked improvement as assessed by subjective sensations/complaints, Schirmer's test, Norn's test, impression cytology and biomicroscopy, staining, and tear osmolarity. Greater benefits were also reported compared with Tear Naturale, including a faster onset of action. Hylabak was well tolerated. In conclusion, Hylabak provided rapid and safe relief from the signs and symptoms of dry eye syndrome, as well as improvement in objective measures, in a wide range of patients.
Synthetic model for two-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coils. Design, synthesis, and characterization of an 86-residue analog of tropomyosin. (1981)

A 43-residue peptide analog of tropomyosin Ac-AB4C-OH (A = Lys-Cys-Ala-Glu-Leu-Glu-Gly, B = Lys-Leu-Glu-Ala-Leu-Glu-Gly, C = Lys-Leu-Glu-Ala-Leu-Glu-Gly-Lys) was synthesized. The 86-residue disulfide-linked dimer was prepared by air oxidation of the single cysteine residue in the NH2-terminal Fragment A of the 43-residue peptide to provide a two-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coil of defined molecular weight with the chains in-register and parallel. The physical properties of the 86-residue dimer were determined and compared to CM-tropomyosin and sequential polyheptapeptides. The stabilizing effect of the disulfide bridge in the synthetic dimer was indicated by the shift in the transition of the thermal unfolding profile (t 1/2) of +6.5 degrees C from 72.5 degrees C for the reduced sample to 79 degrees C for the oxidized sample. The 86-residue disulfide-linked dimer maintains 65% of the original helicity at 65 degrees C, and the polyheptapeptide [Leu-Glu-Serr-Leu-Glu-Ser-Lys]n of 9,500 daltons in denaturant maintains 75% helicity at 65 degrees C, whereas CM-tropomyosin is completely denatured at this temperature. These results show a shift in the transition of the thermal unfolding profile (t 1/2) of greater than 39 degrees C for the above two synthetic peptides relative to CM-tropomyosin. The polyheptapeptide [Leu-Glu-Ser-Leu-Glu-Ser-Lys]n maintains 95% of the original helicity in 3 M urea, whereas 50% remains in CM-tropomyosin. Comparison of the CD spectra of three polyheptapeptides, [Leu-Glu-Ser-Leu-Glu-Ser-Lys]n, [Ala-Glu-Ser-Leu-Glu-Ser-Lys]n, and [Ala-Glu-Ser-Ala-Glu-Ser-Lys]n showed that the ellipticities increased as the size of the hydrophobic side chains increased in the positions responsible for the formation and stabilization of the coiled-coil. That substituting residues in the outer positions of the coiled-coil can affect alpha-helix stabilization is shown by comparing the CD spectra of three polymers [Leu-Glu-Ser-Leu-Glu-Ser-Lys]n, [Leu-Glu-Ser(Ac)-Leu-Glu-Ser(Ac)-Lys]n, and [Leu-Glu-Ala-Leu-Glu-Ala-Lys]n.
Single-event transient imaging with an ultra-high-speed temporally compressive multi-aperture CMOS image sensor (2016)

In the work described in this paper, an image reproduction scheme with an ultra-high-speed temporally compressive multi-aperture CMOS image sensor was demonstrated. The sensor captures an object by compressing a sequence of images with focal-plane temporally random-coded shutters, followed by reconstruction of time-resolved images. Because signals are modulated pixel-by-pixel during capturing, the maximum frame rate is defined only by the charge transfer speed and can thus be higher than those of conventional ultra-high-speed cameras. The frame rate and optical efficiency of the multi-aperture scheme are discussed. To demonstrate the proposed imaging method, a 5×3 multi-aperture image sensor was fabricated. The average rising and falling times of the shutters were 1.53 ns and 1.69 ns, respectively. The maximum skew among the shutters was 3 ns. The sensor observed plasma emission by compressing it to 15 frames, and a series of 32 images at 200 Mfps was reconstructed. In the experiment, by correcting disparities and considering temporal pixel responses, artifacts in the reconstructed images were reduced. An improvement in PSNR from 25.8 dB to 30.8 dB was confirmed in simulations.
Characterization of two immunoglobulin VH genes that are homologous to human rheumatoid factors (1989)

We isolated a VH1 germline gene (Humhv1263) that is closely related to the heavy chains of 2 human rheumatoid factors (RF), Bor and Kas. We also found that the 783 rearranged VH1 gene is actually 91-93% homologous to Bor and Kas, and it differs from a VH1 complementary DNA (51P1) by only a single base. Thus, 783 is likely to be the unmutated form of a germline VH gene that may encode the heavy chains of RF Bor and Kas and several other human monoclonal RF.
Oral candidiasis and human immunodeficiency virus infection (1989)

The association of oral candidiasis with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been known since the advent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic. Oral candidiasis is one of the earliest premonitory signs of HIV infection and its diagnosis may have grave prognostic implications for the eventual development of full blown AIDS. There is now an expanding body of data on novel clinical variants of this 'old' disease, its epidemiology in HIV seropositive individuals and, advances in its management, particularly with respect to the recently introduced bis-triazole antifungals. Current concepts pertaining to the epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and management of oral candidiasis in HIV infection are reviewed.
Distribution of neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein-like immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system (1997)

We have recently shown that spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by motor neuron loss, is associated with deletion of a gene that encodes the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP). In the present study, we have examined the distribution of NAIP-like immunoreactivity (NAIP-LI) in the rat central nervous system (CNS) by using an affinity-purified polyclonal antibody against NAIP. In the forebrain, immunoreactive neurons were detected in the cortex, the hippocampus (pyramidal cells, dentate granule cells, and interneurons), the striatum (cholinergic interneurons), the basal forebrain (ventral pallidum, medial septal nucleus, and diagonal band), the thalamus (lateral and ventral nuclei), the habenula, the globus pallidus, and the entopenduncular nucleus. In the midbrain, NAIP-LI was located primarily within neurons of the red nucleus, the substantia nigra pars compacta, the oculomotor nucleus, and the trochlear nucleus. In the brainstem, neurons containing NAIP-LI were observed in cranial nerve nuclei (trigeminal, facial, vestibular, cochlear, vagus, and hypoglossal nerves) and in relay nuclei (pontine, olivary, lateral reticular, cuneate, gracile nucleus, and locus coeruleus). In the cerebellum, NAIP-LI was found within both Purkinje and nuclear cells (interposed and lateral nuclei). Finally, within the spinal cord, NAIP-LI was detected in Clarke's column and in motor neurons. Taken together, these results indicate that NAIP-LI is distributed broadly in the CNS. However, high levels of NAIP-LI were restricted to those neuronal populations that have been reported to degenerate in SMA. This anatomical correspondence provides additional evidence for NAIP involvement in the neurodegeneration observed in acute SMA. J. Comp. Neurol. 382:247-259, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nanoparticle-Mediated Expression of an Angiogenic Inhibitor Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Retinal Neovascularization and Diabetes-Induced Retinal Vascular Leakage (2009)

K5-NP mediates efficient and sustained K5 expression in the retina and has therapeutic potential for diabetic retinopathy.
Treatment of transient phenomena in analysis of slag-metal-gas reaction kinetics (2002)

Equations commonly used in describing reaction kinetics are examined and the problem of applying such equations to transient processes is discussed. Three examples of transient phenomena are examined in detail. It is shown that for carbon injection into slag, the reaction can be described by employing data for carbon oxidation in CO/CO2 by assuming reaction conditions approximately halfway between those in equilibrium with the slag and those in equilibrium with carbon. It is demonstrated that, when the time averaged interfacial area is employed, the rate of reaction between slag and iron-aluminum alloys can be described by a single first order rate equation, accommodating a 300% change in interfacial area. Creation of surface area in oxygen steelmaking is discussed and a method to determine the size distribution of droplets that are generated is proposed. It is concluded that changes in conditions during reaction complicate the analysis of kinetics. However, it should be possible to develop quantitative kinetic models to describe real processes.
Hematopoietic stem cells in the blood after stem cell factor and interleukin-11 administration: evidence for different mechanisms of mobilization (1995)

Peripheral blood stem cells and progenitor cells, collected during recovery from exposure to cytotoxic agents or after cytokine administration, are being increasingly used in clinical bone marrow transplantation. To determine factors important for mobilization of both primitive stem cells and progenitor cells to the blood, we studied the blood and splenic and marrow compartments of intact and splenectomized mice after administration of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhlL-11), recombinant rat stem cell factor (rrSCF), and IL-11 + SCF. IL-11 administration increased the number of spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) in both the spleen and blood, but did not increase blood long-term marrow-repopulating ability (LTRA) in intact or splenectomized mice. SCF administration increased the number of CFU-S in both the spleen and blood and did not increase the blood or splenic LTRA of intact mice, but did increase blood LTRA to normal marrow levels in splenectomized mice. The combination of lL-11 + SCF syngeristically enhanced mobilization of long-term marrow-repopulating cells from the marrow to the spleen of intact mice and from the marrow to the blood of splenectomized mice. These data, combined with those of prior studies showing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilization of long-term marrow repopulating cells from the marrow to the blood of mice with intact spleens, suggest different cytokine-induced pathways for mobilization of primitive stem cells.
Context-aware robot navigation using interactively built semantic maps (2018)

Abstract We discuss the process of building semantic maps, how to interactively label entities in them, and how to use them to enable context-aware navigation behaviors in human environments. We utilize planar surfaces, such as walls and tables, and static objects, such as door signs, as features for our semantic mapping approach. Users can interactively annotate these features by having the robot follow him/her, entering the label through a mobile app, and performing a pointing gesture toward the landmark of interest. Our gesture-based approach can reliably estimate which object is being pointed at, and detect ambiguous gestures with probabilistic modeling. Our person following method attempts to maximize future utility by search for future actions assuming constant velocity model for the human. We describe a method to extract metric goals from a semantic map landmark and to plan a human aware path that takes into account the personal spaces of people. Finally, we demonstrate context awareness for person following in two scenarios: interactive labeling and door passing.We believe that future navigation approaches and service robotics applications can be made more effective by further exploiting the structure of human environments.
N-Acetylcysteine-promoted Survival of PC12 Cells Is Glutathione-independent but Transcription-dependent (1995)

Our prior work established that comparable concentrations of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) both block the proliferation of PC12 cells and prevent death of trophic factor-deprived sympathetic neurons and PC12 cells. The present work addresses several aspects of the mechanisms of these actions. NAC increases intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) by approximately 10-fold in PC12 cells. However, blockade of this increase by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine did not affect either promotion of survival or inhibition of DNA synthesis. Thus, these actions of NAC are independent of its effects on intracellular GSH. NAC's actions in our system do not appear to be dependent on its anti-oxidant/radical scavenger properties, but may be due to its activity as a reductant. Consistent with this, several other reducing agents, the most effective of which was 2,3-dimercaptopropanol, mimicked NAC in blocking DNA synthesis and suppressing death of PC12 cells and sympathetic neurons. Finally, we observed that in striking contrast to nerve growth factor and a number of other trophic agents, the survival-promoting effects of NAC on PC12 cells are blocked by actinomycin D. This suggests that NAC may act by inducing specific gene expression.
On networking multithreaded processor design: Hardware thread prioritization (2006)

Packet processing applications in networking equipment must fulfil very high throughput requirements. At the same time, packet processing differentiation by means of packet classification, such as voice vs. e-mail, or DiffServ, must be obeyed. An efficient way to fulfil both requirements is to use numerous hardware threads combined with thread prioritization. This paper proposes a new thread prioritization method for a hardware multithreaded processor. The originality of the method is identified in the derivation mechanism of the thread priorities, which is based on inputs from three distinct sources; namely, the threads themselves, a control unit such as an operating system, and external sources such as timers or synchronization coprocessors. These sources are explicitly selected to fulfil the requirements of their distinct nature, namely software, middleware and hardware. The proposed method achieves the desired thread differentiation without hindering performance or increasing costs, as demonstrated by initial experimental results
Enzymatic Antibody Modification by Bacterial Transglutaminase (2013)

Enzymatic posttranslational modification of proteins permits more precise control over conjugation site than chemical modification of reactive amino acid side chains. Ideally, protein modification by an enzyme yields completely homogeneous conjugates with improved properties for research or therapeutic use. As an example, we here provide a protocol for bacterial transglutaminase (BTGase)-mediated conjugation of cadaverine-derivatized substrates to an IgG1, resulting in stable bond formation between glutamine 295 of the antibody heavy chain and the substrate. This procedure requires enzymatic removal of N-linked glycans from the antibody and yields a defined substrate/antibody ratio of 2:1. Alternatively, a mutant aglycosylated IgG1 variant may be generated by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutation introduces an additional glutamine and yields a substrate/antibody ratio of 4:1 after coupling. Finally, we describe an ESI-TOF mass spectrometry-based method to analyze the uniformity of the resulting conjugates. The presented approach allows the facile generation of homogeneous antibody conjugates and can be applied to any IgG1 and a wide range of cadaverine-derivatized substrates.
Gamma delta T cells down-regulate primary IgE responses in rats to inhaled soluble protein antigens. (1995)

The biologic role and repertoire of cells bearing the gamma delta T cell receptor has not been fully defined. However, their tropism for epithelial microenvironments is recognized and suggests an important role for these cells in immune defense at mucosal tissue surfaces. The study presented below utilizes an experimental model in which repeated exposure of Brown Norway rats to OVA by inhalation induces a state of Ag-specific, IgE isotype-specific "tolerance" via immune deviation. This process seems similar to oral tolerance in the gut. This form of tolerance was adoptively transferred to naive syngeneic recipients by i.p. injection of as few as 10(3) positively selected TCR-gamma delta+ cells from OVA-exposed rats. These TCR-gamma delta+ T-cells are demonstrated to produce high levels of INF-gamma in response to OVA stimulation, and this provides a potential mechanism for the inhibition of Th2 cell proliferation, resulting in suppression of IgE production. The unique potency of these cells in selective suppression of IgE Ab production in response to natural "mucosal" Ag exposure suggests a potentially important role in protection against primary allergic sensitization in vivo.
Cellular phenotypes of normal and leukemic hemopoietic cells determined by analysis with selected antibody combinations (1980)

Individual leukemic cells and the corresponding rare normal cell types in nonleukemic bone marrow were analyzed with various combinations of antisera (labeled with different fluorochromes: TRITC and FITC). Double staining for membrane Ia-like molecules (TRITC) and nuclear terminal transferase (FITC) was a very useful combination that distinguished common non-T, non-B ALL (Ia+,TdT+) and thymic ALL (Ia-,TdT+) from the rare cases of B ALL (Ia+,TdT-) and from AML (frequently Ia+, TdT-; in some cases Ia-, TdT-). Additional antisera (such as anti-ALL, anti-HuTLA, anti-immunoglobulin reagents, etc.) confirmed the diagnosis and further characterized the leukemic blasts. Ia+,TdT+ cells could be observed in low numbers in normal and nonleukemic regenerating marrow and were probably normal precursor cells; this reagent combinations was, therefore, not useful for monitoring residual non-T, non-B ALL blasts in treated patients. Other marker combinations detecting pre-B ALL blasts (double staining for cytoplasmic IgM and nuclear TdT) and Thy-ALL blasts (HuTLA+,TdT+) were, however, virtually leukemia specific in the bone marrow and could be used to effectively monitor residual leukemic cells throughout the disease. These combined single-cell assays are not only economical and informative but are also important for assessing the heterogeneity of leukemia and for standardizing new mouse or rat monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis.
X-ray lithography source using a stationary solid Pd target (1979)

This paper describes a relatively high power density (10–15 kW/cm2) x-ray source for x-ray lithography applications. The source utilizes a stationary solid Pd target cooled by a high velocity water flow. This source has been operated for several months in a shop environment. No degradation in performance has been observed.