gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Extraction and use of pigments from maize grains (Zea mays L) as colorants in yogur]. (2005)

The aim of the present work was to determine the potential use of anthocyanins from maize grains as colorants in yogurt. Pigments were extracted from four native maize varieties (Arrocillo, Peruano, Purepecha and Cónico), which possess a high anthocyanin concentration in the pericarp. Pericarp and aleurone layer were mechanicallly removed from grain using a Strong-Scott barley pearled. Yields of pericarp and aleurone layer fraction (PALF) were evaluated. Total anthocyanin content in this fraction was determined by a conventional spectrophotometric method and the anthocyanin profile was obtained by HPLC. One mg of anthocyanin extracts from the PALF was added to 100 g of a commercial plain yogurt. Yogurt samples were kept under refrigerated conditions and color and pH were monitored every 5 days interval, during three weeks. The yields of PALF were 48.4%, 55.1%, 40.2%, and 40.0% for Arrocillo, Peruano, Cónico and Purepecha varieties, respectivelly. The highest total anthocyanin content (259.4 mg of anthocyanins/100 g sample) was observed in Peruano PALF. The color of yogurts dyed with each of the four extracts was different. Yogurts dyed with Peruano and Arrocillo extracts showed a more intense reddish tone than those dyed with Cónico and Purepecha. After 5 to 10 days under refrigerated storage, the color of all yogurt samples changed to a slight yellowish tone according to the Hue values, Nevertheless, these changes were not visually evident.
Biologic Variability in Plasma Glucose, Hemoglobin A1c, and Advanced Glycation End Products Associated with Diabetes Complications (2009)

Plasma glucose plays a key role in the complications of diabetes mellitus. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and circulating concentrations of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are central to diabetes clinical care and pathophysiology. However, there is evidence for variation between individuals in the relationship of plasma glucose to both these measures and to specific complications. The glycation gap (GG) and hemoglobin glycation index represent tools for quantitating the variability in the relationship between plasma glucose and HbA1c useful for identification of underlying mechanisms. Recent evidence demonstrates the heritability of HbA1c, the GG, and AGEs, yet not of glycated serum proteins. There has been tremendous effort devoted to identifying the heritable basis of types 1 and 2 diabetes; however, studies on the heritable contributors to these mediators of glucose effect on complications are only beginning. New evidence for normal biologic variation in the distribution of glucose into the red blood cell (RBC) intracellular compartment and RBC lifespan in people with and without diabetes represent candidates for heritable mechanisms and contributors to the rise in HbA1c with age. Taken as a whole, genetic and mechanistic evidence suggests new potential targets for complications prevention and improvement in complications risk estimation. These observations could help tilt the risk-benefit balance in glycemic control toward a more beneficial outcome.
Web page ranking using link attributes (2004)

We present a variant of PageRank, WLRank, that considers different Web page attributes to give more weight to some links. Our evaluation shows that the precision of the answers can improve significantly.
CRISPRdirect: software for designing CRISPR/Cas guide RNA with reduced off-target sites (2014)

Abstract Summary: CRISPRdirect is a simple and functional web server for selecting rational CRISPR/Cas targets from an input sequence. The CRISPR/Cas system is a promising technique for genome engineering which allows target-specific cleavage of genomic DNA guided by Cas9 nuclease in complex with a guide RNA (gRNA), that complementarily binds to a ∼20 nt targeted sequence. The target sequence requirements are twofold. First, the 5′-NGG protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence must be located adjacent to the target sequence. Second, the target sequence should be specific within the entire genome in order to avoid off-target editing. CRISPRdirect enables users to easily select rational target sequences with minimized off-target sites by performing exhaustive searches against genomic sequences. The server currently incorporates the genomic sequences of human, mouse, rat, marmoset, pig, chicken, frog, zebrafish, Ciona, fruit fly, silkworm, Caenorhabditis elegans, Arabidopsis, rice, Sorghum and budding yeast. Availability: Freely available at http://crispr.dbcls.jp/. Contact: y-naito@dbcls.rois.ac.jp Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Aminoguanidine effects on nerve blood flow, vascular permeability, electrophysiology, and oxygen free radicals. (1991)

Since advanced glycosylation end products have been suggested to mediate hyperglycemia-induced microvascular atherogenesis and because aminoguanidine (AG) prevents their generation, we examined whether AG could prevent or ameliorate the physiologic and biochemical indices of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental diabetic neuropathy. Four groups of adult Sprague-Dawley rats were studied: group I received STZ plus AG (25 mg.kg-1.day-1), group II received STZ plus AG (50 mg.kg-1.day-1), group III received STZ alone, and group IV was a control. We monitored conduction and action potential amplitudes serially in sciatic-tibial and caudal nerves, nerve blood flow, oxygen free radical activity (conjugated dienes and hydroperoxides), and the product of the permeability coefficient and surface area to 125I-labeled albumin. STZ-induced diabetes (group III) caused a 57% reduction in nerve blood flow and in abnormal nerve conduction and amplitudes and a 60% increase in conjugated dienes. Nerve blood flow was normalized by 8 weeks with AG (groups I and II) and conduction was significantly improved, in a dose-dependent manner, by 16 and 24 weeks in sciatic-tibial and caudal nerves, respectively. The permeability coefficient was not impaired, suggesting a normal blood-nerve barrier function for albumin, and the oxygen free-radical indices were not ameliorated by AG. We suggest that AG reverses nerve ischemia and more gradually improves their electrophysiology by an action on nerve microvessels. AG may have potential in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
Relationship of Drusen and Abnormalities of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium to the Prognosis of Neovascular Macular Degeneration (1990)

We graded macular features of 127 fellow eyes of participants in the Macular Photocoagulation Study who had an extrafoveal choroidal neovascular membrane secondary to age-related macular degeneration in the first eye and no initial evidence of the neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration in the fellow eye. Our aims were to determine the relationship of drusen characteristics and retinal pigment epithelial abnormalities to the risk of subsequent development of neovascularization in the fellow eye and the risk of subsequent development of recurrent neovascular membranes after photocoagulation in the first eye. Regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of large drusen and focal hyperpigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium were independent risk factors for the subsequent development of neovascularization in the fellow eye (relative risk, 2.4 and 2.5, respectively). Only 10% of eyes with no large drusen or any retinal pigment epithelial hyperpigmentation compared with 58% of eyes with both large drusen and retinal pigment epithelial hyperpigmentation developed neovascularization in the fellow eye within 5 years. Using multivariate Cox regression analysis, we noted that the risk of developing recurrent neovascular membranes in the first eye was significantly increased when large drusen (relative risk, 2.8) were noted in the fellow eye at the time of laser treatment in the first eye. Fundus features in the fellow eye appear to help identify patients at high risk of developing visual loss from recurrent neovascular membranes following laser treatment in the first eye and from development of a neovascular membrane in the fellow eye.
Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor: testing the somatomedin hypothesis in hypophysectomized rats (1987)

The in-vivo biological activity of recombinant methionyl insulin-like growth factor I (met-IGF-I) was demonstrated in hypophysectomized rats by following blood glucose after an i.v. bolus injection of met-IGF-I; a dose-dependent decrease in blood sugar was seen. Membrane transport was studied using the non-metabolizable amino acid alpha-aminoisobutyric acid; stimulation was obtained with the highest dose used (90 micrograms/rat). To test the original somatomedin hypothesis, growth studies were performed in hypophysectomized rats. Two or three doses of met-IGF-I were given with three different administration regimes (i.v. or s.c. infusion, or s.c. injections twice daily) for 6 or 8 days. Little growth-promoting activity was observed, with a significant effect on body weight gain obtained only when met-IGF-I was given continuously at the highest dose used (180 micrograms/day). No effect was seen on the in-vivo uptake of radioactive sulphate into cartilage. Epiphyseal cartilage width increased slightly at the highest dose of met-IGF-I, but only when the hormone was given by infusion. When 180 micrograms met-IGF-I/day were given by injections, a significant effect on longitudinal bone growth was obtained (90 micron above control). The levels of IGF in the serum were not measurably increased after s.c. administration of met-IGF-I, whereas after i.v. infusion, significantly raised levels were obtained at the higher dose rates (3.0 +/- 0.3 and 2.8 +/- 0.1 units/ml). Growth hormone was much more effective than met-IGF-I even at 50-fold lower doses. Priming the animals with 10 mu. bovine GH/day followed by combined infusions of GH and met-IGF-I did not reveal any potentiating effects of met-IGF-I in the presence of GH. We conclude that met-IGF-I is a relatively poor growth-promoting agent when given systemically, and that somatomedins are more likely to act as local growth factors rather than as circulating mediators of the growth-promoting effects of GH.
Processing raw data from global positioning systems without additional information (2009)

Since the first GPS studies in the mid-1990s, this way of surveying individual travel behaviour has gained increasing attention in transport research.Compared to classic travel survey methods researchers benefit from more accurate and reliable information.At the same time, the participants' burden is reduced substantially if the GPS data collection is not accompanied by elaborate questioning.However, without additional information, such as modes and trip purposes, extensive post-processing is required to derive data that can be used for analysis and model estimation.The corresponding procedures are still an ongoing research issue.This paper describes a post-processing procedure that needs no other input than the most basic GPS raw data: three-dimensional positions and the corresponding timestamps.First, the data is thoroughly cleaned and smoothed.Second, trips and activities are determined.Third, the trips are segmented into single-mode stages and the transport mode for each of the stages is identified.The procedure is applied to GPS records collected in the Swiss cities of Zurich, Winterthur and Geneva.4882 participants carried an on-person GPS-receiver for 6.65 days on average.The results are compared to the Swiss Microcensus 2005 to demonstrate that derived data is ready for further applications, such as discrete choice model estimations.
PET correlates of normal and impaired memory functions. (1992)

To date, positron emission tomography (PET) has been the only technology for the quantitative imaging of the changes of regional cerebral glucose (rCMRGl) or oxygen metabolism and blood flow (rCBF) associated with psychophysical stimulation and with the performance of mental tasks. So far, the majority of studies performed in healthy subjects demonstrated activation patterns involving not only certain limbic structures, most of all hippocampus, amygdala, parahippocampus, and cingulate, but also temporal, parietal, and occipital association cortex, depending on the applied paradigm. Indeed, the closest correlation between regional metabolism and memory test scores was found in mesiotemporal structures during the performance of memory tasks. Metabolic or CBF studies also seem to indicate that memorizing strategies may differ among individuals. PET was repeatedly used to investigate metabolic and/or blood flow abnormalities in patients with various amnestic syndromes. In cases with uni- or bilateral lesions of mesiotemporal structures, caused by surgery, herpes simplex encephalitis, or permanent ischemic, anoxic, or toxic damage, disturbances of metabolism and blood flow typically extended far beyond the morphological defects detected by computed tomography or magnetic resonance. In acute transient global amnesia, CBF and metabolism were decreased bilaterally in the mesiotemporal lobes, where hypometabolism persisted for some time, while higher values were observed in thalamus and some cortical areas. Diencephalic lesions causing Korsakoff's syndrome were associated with decreased rCMRGl in the hippocampal formation, upper brainstem, cingulate, and thalamus. Discrete thalamic infarcts caused amnesia and metabolic depression in the morphologically intact ipsilateral thalamus and in various projection areas of the infarcted nuclei. In ischemic forebrain lesions, amnestic deficits could be related to involvement of the anterior cingulate and of basal cholinergic nuclei. A large number of pathologies are diffusely spread out in the brain and affect partially or predominantly structures in memory processing. This holds true especially in the various dementias where memory disturbances are a consistent and often leading feature. Notably, Alzheimer's disease can be distinguished from other dementias by its characteristic pattern of metabolic dysfunction, with the most prominent changes occurring in parietotemporal and frontal association cortex whose residual metabolism is related to the severity of the disease. Therefore, activation studies using paradigms involving memory functions enhance that typical pattern. Only in the activated state is metabolism of mesiotemporal structures significantly correlated with the performance in memory tests. Other dementias also affect some of the distributed memory networks, with Huntington's disease suggesting a role of the striatum in memory processing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Differential scanning calorimetry of single acid triglycerides: Effect of chain length and unsaturation (1972)

Abstract The polymorphism of 13 single acid triglycerides with acyl group chain lengths ranging from 16–22 was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. In contrast to the single β ′‐form generally attributed to such triglycerides, at least two intermediate endotherms were found for most samples between the least stable ( α ) and most stable ( β ) polymorphs. For saturated triglycerides, two versions of the familiar “tuning fork” model meet the β ′‐form requirement of alternate fatty acid chains in planes perpendicular to each other. The detection of three intermediate endotherms for triolein, tri‐ cis ‐1 1‐octadecenoin and trierucin (and possibly also trilinolein) may be rationalized by assuming that the segments of polymethylene chains on either side of double bonds may zigzag in different planes. Four exceptions for which no evidence was found for β ′‐forms are tri‐ cis ‐6‐octadecenoin, tri‐ cis ‐6‐hexadecenoin, tri‐ trans ‐6‐octadecenoin and trielaidin. Three of these exceptions contain Δ6‐acyl groups and have in common segments with even numbers of methylene groups on either side of the double bonds. These same three triglycerides also have a shorter than usual polymethylene segment between the ester linkages and the double bonds and a longer than usual distance from the double bonds to the terminal methyl groups. Tri‐ trans ‐6‐octadecenoin and trielaidin are exceptional in still another way. Only they and are exceptional in still another way. Only they and trierucin exhibited significant nonconformity with an empirical relationship between melting points and heats of fusion of β ‐forms. Otherwise, all points in a plot of the former physical constants vs. the latter closely fit a smooth curve, the positive slope of which gets larger as the X‐axis values, i.e., melting points, increase.
Identification of seroreactive regions of the human papillomavirus type 16 proteins E4, E6, E7 and L1 (1990)

Small fragments of the DNA of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) were randomly cloned into the bacteriophage fd which expresses the resulting peptides as part of its capsid. Antisera raised against different HPV-16 fusion proteins were used for screening of the phage clones and the reacting peptides were determined by sequencing the inserted HPV-16 DNA fragments of the positive recombinants. Seroreactive regions of the proteins derived from the E4, E6, E7 (two regions) and L1 (three regions) open reading frames could be found by this approach. Of these seven regions, four were defined by at least two overlapping inserts, thus limiting the domains to between 10 and 15 amino acids. In the case of the E4 open reading frame, the same region identified by immunoscreening was also found when synthetic overlapping octapeptides were tested by ELISA with the anti-E4 antiserum. Using an approach to predict 'receptor-like' regions within the respective proteins, five of the seven regions were also identified. From the data on these regions, synthetic peptides were produced and used for the detection of antibodies against HPV-16 proteins in human sera by ELISA.
Gonococcal lipooligosaccharide sialylation prevents complement-dependent killing by immune sera (1992)

Previous investigators have demonstrated that a sialic acid residue is added to the terminal galactose moiety of gonococcal lipooligosaccharide (LOS) when incubated with 5'-CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid. When this in vitro sialylation occurs, gonococci become resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum. This is believed to result because the added sialic acid residue blocks the binding of bactericidal anti-LOS antibodies present in normal human serum. We extend these studies by demonstrating that sialylated gonococci also become resistant to the bactericidal effect of immune sera containing antibodies that recognize exposed components of the outer membrane besides LOS. Prevention of antibody binding to the organism was not the cause, since the same percentage of bactericidal antibodies to the major outer membrane protein, Protein I, can be absorbed with sialylated organisms as with wild-type organisms. In addition, gonococcal sialylation prevents opsonophagocytosis by antigonococcal antisera. The negative effect of sialic acid on the complement pathway might be the reason for the findings in this study.
Generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against native and altered peptides of human leukocyte antigen-A*0201 restricted epitopes from the human epithelial cell adhesion molecule. (2001)

A growing number of human tumor antigens have been described that can be recognized by CTLs in a MHC class I restricted fashion. The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) is expressed in a variety of human tumors and has attracted attention as a therapeutic target for monoclonal antibody serotherapy. We have identified immunogenic peptides derived from Ep-CAM, that bind to human leukocyte antigen-A*0201 and elicit strong peptide-specific human CTL responses, demonstrating that there is an effective T-cell repertoire against these Ep-CAM-derived peptides that can be recruited. Alterations to these peptides were made to increase their binding affinity to MHC class I molecules. The use of such "heteroclitic" peptides allowed generation of cytotoxic T cells that demonstrated increased killing of target cells pulsed not only with the heteroclitic but also with the native peptide. Most important, CTL cell lines that are generated against these peptides specifically lyse epithelial tumor cells expressing Ep-CAM but not normal hematopoietic or bronchial epithelial cells.
EFFECTS OF VISUAL DEMAND AND IN-VEHICLE TASK COMPLEXITY ON DRIVING AND TASK PERFORMANCE AS ASSESSED BY VISUAL OCCLUSION (1999)

Mitsubishi Motor Corporation, Okazaki, Aichi (Japan)
RAGE and its Ligands in Retinal Disease (2007)

RAGE, the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), is a multiligand signal transduction receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. These diverse biologic disorders reflect the multiplicity of ligands capable of cellular interaction via RAGE that include, in addition to AGEs, amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide, the S100/calgranulin family of proinflammatory cytokines, and amphoterin, a member of the High Mobility Group Box (HMGB) DNA-binding proteins. In the retina, RAGE expression is present in neural cells, the vasculature, and RPE cells, and it has also been detected in pathologic cellular retinal responses including epiretinal and neovascular membrane formation. Ligands for RAGE, in particular AGEs, have emerged as relevant to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular disease. While the understanding of RAGE and its role in retinal dysfunction with aging, diabetes mellitus, and/or activation of pro-inflammatory pathways is less complete compared to other organ systems, increasing evidence indicates that RAGE can initiate and sustain significant cellular perturbations in the inner and outer retina. For these reasons, antagonism of RAGE interactions with its ligands may be a worthwhile therapeutic target in such seemingly disparate, visually threatening retinal diseases as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Fuzzy Techniques of Pattern Recognition in Risk and Claim Classification (1995)

Richard A. Derrig, Krzysztof M. Ostaszewski, Fuzzy Techniques of Pattern Recognition in Risk and Claim Classification, The Journal of Risk and Insurance, Vol. 62, No. 3, Symposium on Insurance Solvency and Finance (Sep., 1995), pp. 447-482
Tagging developmental genes in Dictyostelium by restriction enzyme-mediated integration of plasmid DNA. (1992)

Introduction of restriction enzyme along with linearized plasmid results in integration of plasmid DNA at genomic restriction sites in a high proportion of the resulting transformants. We have found that electroporating BamHI or EcoRI together with pyr5-6 plasmids cut with the same enzyme stimulates the efficiency of transformation in Dictyostelium discoideum more than 20-fold over the rate seen when plasmid DNA alone is introduced. Restriction enzyme-mediated integration generates insertions into genomic restriction sites in an apparently random manner, some of which cause mutations. About 1 in 400 of the Dictyostelium transformants displayed arrested or aberrant development. The integrated plasmid, along with flanking genomic DNA, was excised from some of these mutants, cloned in Escherichia coli, and used to transform other Dictyostelium cells. Homologous recombination within the flanking sequences resulted in the same phenotypes displayed by the original mutants, directly demonstrating that the affected genes were responsible for the specific morphological phenotypes. This method of insertional mutagenesis should be useful for tagging, and subsequent cloning, of many developmentally important genes that can be identified by their mutant phenotypes.