gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Consent Process for Cadaveric Organ Procurement (2001)

Expanding the legal scope of living wills to cover individuals' organ donation preferences would likely have little impact on procurement rates. In contrast, expanding the legal scope of durable powers of attorney for health care may have a significant impact. A national discussion should take place addressing the underlying ethical issues that appear to account for much of the divergence among OPOs' consent practices for cadaveric solid organ procurement.
A Structural and Discriminant Analysis of the Work Addiction Risk Test (2002)

The Work Addiction Risk Test (WART) was designed to measure “workaholism.” The present study examines the underlying dimensions of the WART and investigated the accuracy of the WART scores to discriminate between workaholics and a control group. The results suggest that workaholism, as measured by the WART, includes five dimensions: (a) Compulsive Tendencies, (b) Control, (c) Impaired Communication/Self-Absorption, (d) Inability to Delegate, and (e) Self-Worth were developed from the factor analysis. A discriminant analysis that used the subscale scores as the independent variables and group membership (workaholic or control group) as the dependent variable indicated that the first three subscales provided the greatest distinction between the groups, with a 88.5% correct classification rate. A discriminant analysis that used the total WART score as the independent variable and group membership as the dependent variable had an 86.4% correct classification rate.
Differential regulation of folate receptor isoforms in normal and malignant tissues in vivo and in established cell lines. Physiologic and clinical implications (1994)

Although FR-beta is the more common isoform, FR-alpha and FR-beta are differentially regulated in normal tissues, carcinomas, nonepithelial malignancies, and immortalized cells or in response to changes in extracellular folate concentrations. The tissue specificity of FR isoforms and their elevation in malignant tissues may be a significant factor in FR-mediated folate uptake, in tissue responsiveness to promising novel antifolates, and in FR-related immunodiagnosis/immunotherapy.
A memory using one-transistor gain cell on SOI(FBC) with performance suitable for embedded DRAM's (2003)

A 288 Kbit memory chip featuring a one-transistor gain cell on SOI of the size 0.21 /spl mu/m/sup 2/(7F/sup 2/ with F=0.175 /spl mu/m) which we named the floating body transistor cell (FBC) is presented and basic characteristics of the cell and the memory chip performance are disclosed. The threshold voltages of a cell transistor in the chip for the data "1" and for the data "0" are measured by using a direct access test circuit and a fail bit map for the 96 Kbit array is obtained. A sensing scheme which was designed to eliminate the effect of cell characteristics variation due to process and temperature fluctuation as common mode noise is verified to be working and the random access time is measured to be less than 100 ns. The characteristics of data hold demonstrate that the FBC can satisfy retention time specifications for some embedded memories. The access time and the data retention time show that the FBC has a potential to be used as a future embedded DRAM memory cell.
A Simple Method for Preparing Magnesium Porphyrins (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Simple Method for Preparing Magnesium PorphyrinsJonathan S. Lindsey and Jeffrey N. WoodfordCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 5, 1063–1069Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00109a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00109a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2904Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation and characterization of the pesticide-degrading plasmid pJP1 from Alcaligenes paradoxus (1978)

A strain of Alcaligenes paradoxus, unable to degrade phenoxyacetic acid, was shown to degrade two synthetic derivatives of this molecule, the herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. The ability to degrade these pesticides is encoded by a 58-megadalton conjugal plasmid, pJP1.
Increase in Salicylic Acid at the Onset of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Cucumber (1990)

In an effort to identify the signal compound that mediates systemic acquired resistance (SAR), changes in the content of phloem sap were monitored in cucumber plants inoculated with either tobacco necrosis virus or the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lagenarium. The concentration of a fluorescent metabolite was observed to increase transiently after inoculation, with a peak reached before SAR was detected. The compound was purified and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as salicylic acid, a known exogenous inducer of resistance. The data suggest that salicylic acid could function as the endogenous signal in the transmission of SAR in cucumber.
Dynamic 3-D scene analysis through synthesis feedback control (1993)

The analysis of 3-D scenes consisting of nonrigid moving objects using 2-D image sequences is discussed. A parametric description of dynamic objects is extracted, and the time-variant scene parameters are estimated throughout the sequence by employing an analysis-by-synthesis approach. Images are synthesized from the parametric scene description and compared with the original images input to the camera. Frame differences between the synthesized and original images are evaluated to obtain an estimated scene parameter update. The analysis method is applied to videophone scenes in the form of a data compression algorithm, whereby the scene parameters are transmitted and the output sequence is synthesized at the receiver.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reprogramming events of mammalian somatic cells induced by Xenopus laevis egg extracts (2007)

Abstract It is known that differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to an undifferentiated state in oocyte cytoplasm after nuclear transfer. Recently, some reports suggested that Xenopus egg extracts have the ability to reprogram mammalian somatic cells. Reprogramming events of mammalian cells after Xenopus egg extract treatment and after cell culture of extract‐treated cells have not been elucidated. In this experiment, we examined reprogramming events in reversibly permeabilized or nonpermeabilized porcine fibroblast cells after Xenopus egg extract treatment. The Xenopus egg‐specific histone B4 was assembled on porcine chromatin and nuclear lamin LIII was incorporated into nuclei. Deacetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 in extract‐treated cells was detected in nonpermeabilized cells, suggesting that a part of reprogramming may be induced even in nonpermeabilized cells. Following culture of extract‐treated cells, the cells began to express the pluripotent marker genes such as POU5F1 ( OCT4 ) and SOX2 and to form colonies. Reactivation of the OCT4 gene in extract‐treated cells was also confirmed in bovine fibroblasts transformed with an OCT4‐EGFP construct. These results suggest that nuclei of mammalian cells can be partially reprogrammed to an embryonic state by Xenopus egg extracts and the remodeled cells partly dedifferentiate after cell culture. A system using egg extracts may be useful for understanding the mechanisms and processes of dedifferentiation and reprogramming of mammalian somatic cells after nuclear transfer. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1268–1277, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Entry and fusion inhibitors of HIV (2004)

Considerable advances have been made towards finding compounds that are active as inhibitors of the entry and fusion of HIV. The discovery of chemokines a few years ago focused the attention on coreceptor inhibitors, in addition to fusion and attachment blockers. During the past 5 years there has been intense research activity, both from private companies and academic institutions, in order to find effective compounds that are able to inhibit the initial steps in the HIV lifecycle. Some of the presented compounds demonstrated in vitro synergism, thus there is rationale for their combined use in HIV-infected individuals. Many entry and fusion inhibitors of HIV are currently under investigation in controlled clinical trials and a number of them are bioavailable as oral formulations. This is an essential feature for the extended use of these compounds with the purpose of ameliorating patients adherence to medications, thus preventing the development of drug resistance. The focus of this review will be on the most recent developments in this field, with particular attention focused on promising compounds in preclinical and clinical trials.
Discovery of Peptide and Peptidomimetic Based Ligands Targeting the Melanocortin Receptors: A campaign in mixture-based positional scanning, chemical topology, and structure-activity relationships (2016)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. July 2016. Major: Medicinal Chemistry. Advisors: Carrie Haskell-Luevano, Rodney Johnson. 1 computer file (PDF); xiii, 339 pages.
CALCIUM AND CELL PROLIFERATION (1986)

Growth factors and other mitogens stimulate quiescent, non-proliferating cells in cultrue to re-enter the cell cycle and become committed to DNA synthesis in S phase. Most of the biochemical steps that are obligatory for progression to S phase remain to be established, but there are several well-defined responses that occur soon after the additon of mitogens to a variety of cells, including ionic signals, the activation of specific genes and general metabolic stimulation. The earliest of these responses to some, but not all, mitogens are a rise in the free cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration with a coincident release of inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate. These responses are therefore at least plausible condidates as the initial intracellular activators of the mitogenic pathway. We examine the evidence for this hypothesis in three contrasting types of cell: oocytes, fibroblasts and lymphocytes.
MRI Evaluation of the Contralateral Breast in Women with Recently Diagnosed Breast Cancer (2007)

MRI can detect cancer in the contralateral breast that is missed by mammography and clinical examination at the time of the initial breast-cancer diagnosis. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00058058 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Stoking the antibiotic pipeline (2010)

New antibiotics to tackle multidrug resistant bacteria are much needed. <b>Chantal Morel</b> and <b>Elias Mossialos</b> show how financial incentives might be used to persuade drug companies to develop them
Utilizing the folate receptor for active targeting of cancer nanotherapeutics (2012)

The development of specialized nanoparticles for use in the detection and treatment of cancer is increasing. Methods are being proposed and tested that could target treatments more directly to cancer cells, which could lead to higher efficacy and reduced toxicity, possibly even eliminating the adverse effects of damage to the immune system and the loss of quick replicating cells. In this mini-review we focus on recent studies that employ folate nanoconjugates to target the folate receptor. Folate receptors are highly overexpressed on the surface of many tumor types. This expression can be exploited to target imaging molecules and therapeutic compounds directly to cancerous tissues.
Contractile state of the left ventricle in man as evaluated from end-systolic pressure-volume relations. (1977)

End-systolic pressure (PES), volume (VES), wall tension (TES) and circumference (CES) of the human left ventricle were studied at cardiac catheterization in 24 subjects with varying degrees of left ventricular dysfunction. Acute alterations in systolic load consistently resulted in changes in VES and CES, with a smaller volume and circumference characterizing the lower systolic load in each subject. End systolic pressure-volume lines were constructed by plotting PES against VES at the higher and lower systolic load in each subject. The slope of the resultant lines was considerably steeper for normal than for poorly contractile left ventricles. Vo, the volume axis intercept of the line (i.e., the theoretical VES at PES = O) was significantly smaller for normal than for poorly contractile ventricles. Similar findings were noted for Co, the theoretic end-systolic circumference at zero end-systolic ventricular wall tension. Post-extrasystolic potentiation resulted in decreased VES and CES with no change in PES and only a slight fall in TES. In conclusion, end-systolic pressure-volume and tension-circumference relations reflect the contractile state of left ventricular myocardium. Quantitation of these relationships may provide a useful new approach to the assessment of myocardial function in man.
Application of a Fluorogenic PCR Assay for Typing and Subtyping of Influenza Viruses in Respiratory Samples (2000)

A fluorogenic PCR-based method (TaqMan-PCR) was developed for typing and subtyping of influenza virus genomes in clinical specimens. The TaqMan-PCR employs a probe technology that exploits the endogenous 5'-3' nuclease activity of the Taq DNA polymerase to allow direct detection of the amplicon by release of a fluorescent reporter during the PCR. Therefore, post-PCR analysis is avoided since hybridization with the fluorogenic probe and quantification of the amplified product is performed simultaneously during PCR cycling. The specificity of the method was evaluated on 86 influenza A (25 H1N1 and 61 H3N2) and 49 influenza B virus reference strains and isolates. The sensitivity of the technique was found to be at the level of 0.1 50% tissue culture infective dose. This TaqMan-PCR was applied prospectively to surveillance work by community-based sampling in Germany during the last two influenza seasons. Seven hundred five throat swabs were analyzed during the winter of 1997-1998. A total of 195 of 705 samples (28%) were positive by PCR. Influenza viruses could be isolated from 125 specimens (18%). During the 1998-1999 season, 1,840 respiratory samples were received. Influenza viruses were isolated from 281 specimens (15%) out of 525 throat swabs (29%) which were positive for influenza A or B virus by TaqMan-PCR. Further differentiation of influenza A virus-positive swabs revealed an intensive circulation of the subtype H3N2 during both seasons, 1997-1998 and 1998-1999. The TaqMan-PCR was much more sensitive than culture and revealed an excellent correlation for typing and subtyping of influenza viruses when samples were positive by both methods.
Erdosteine in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: An Experimental Study in Pigs (2010)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of erdosteine on renal reperfusion injury. Twelve male Landrace and Yorkshire mixed pigs were randomly divided into two groups: untreated control group (I/R), erdosteine treated group (I/R + erdosteine). Each group is composed of six pigs, and the pigs were unilaterally nephrectomized and their contralateral kidneys were subjected to 30 min of renal pedicle occlusion. The elevations of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were lower in the treated group compared with the control group. The catalase activity and the glutathione peroxidase activity were higher in the erdosteine group. As a result, this study suggests that the erdosteine treatment has a role of attenuation of renal I/R injury recovery of renal function in pig.
Mortality studies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Results from a single center. I. Causes of death. (1995)

Survival rates continue to improve in SLE but causes of mortality vary at different stages.
Switched-capacitor filter design using the bilinear z-transform (1978)

A general synthesis technique is described for obtaining a switched-capacitor (SC) filter from an active <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</tex> prototype. The response of the SC filter is related to that of its prototype by the bilinear <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> -transform. This allows the filtering and sensitivity properties of the prototype to be preserved for the SC circuit. It also enables the designer to realize such economical and low-sensitivity circuits as the FDNR and gyrator filters. Finally, it permits the processing of signals at much higher frequencies than do previously known circuit design techniques.
PS-60: A New Gel-Forming Polysaccharide (1981)

PS-60 is an anionic heteropolysaccharide that forms viscous solutions and can under certain conditions, form thermoreversible gels with characteristics similar to those formed by both carrageenan and agar. The polysaccharide is produced by a bacterium that was originally isolated from a plant; the taxonomy (1) of the organism identifies it as a new species, Pseudomanos elodea. Fermentation Conditions A typical fermentation medium(2) for PS-60 consists of a simple salts medium with glucose as C-source and both organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen (Figure 1). PS-60 is an anionic polysaccharide that gels after a heat treatment followed by cooling. The gelation properties are determined by the dominant counterion. Consequently, the counterion and the subsequent gel properties can be controlled by regulating the pH of the fermentation with Na+ or K+ phosphates and NaOH or KOH. PS-60 is produced at a conversion efficiency of approximately 50% resulting in a very high
Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Postharvest Senescence of Broccoli by Modulating Antioxidant Defense and Senescence-Related Gene Expression (2014)

Accumulating evidence has shown that hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) acts as a signaling regulator in plants. Here we show that H₂S delays the postharvest senescence of broccoli in a dose-dependent manner. H₂S maintains higher levels of metabolites, such as carotenoids, anthocyanin, and ascorbate, and reduces the accumulation of malondialdehyde, H₂O₂, and the superoxide anion. Further investigations showed that H₂S sustained higher activities of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase and lower activities of lipoxygenase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and protease than those of water control. Moreover, the expression of the chlorophyll degradation related genes BoSGR, BoCLH2, BoPaO, BoRCCR, as well as cysteine protease BoCP1 and lipoxygenase gene BoLOX1, was down-regulated in postharvest broccoli treated with H₂S. The functions of H₂S on the senescence of other vegetables and fruits suggest its universal role acting as a senescence regulator.
Pathological Significance of Mitochondrial Glycation (2012)

Glycation, the nonenzymatic glycosylation of biomolecules, is commonly observed in diabetes and ageing. Reactive dicarbonyl species such as methylglyoxal and glyoxal are thought to be major physiological precursors of glycation. Because these dicarbonyls tend to be formed intracellularly, the levels of advanced glycation end products on cellular proteins are higher than on extracellular ones. The formation of glycation adducts within cells can have severe functional consequences such as inhibition of protein activity and promotion of DNA mutations. Although several lines of evidence suggest that there are specific mitochondrial targets of glycation, and mitochondrial dysfunction itself has been implicated in disease and ageing, it is unclear if glycation of biomolecules specifically within mitochondria induces dysfunction and contributes to disease pathology. We discuss here the possibility that mitochondrial glycation contributes to disease, focussing on diabetes, ageing, cancer, and neurodegeneration, and highlight the current limitations in our understanding of the pathological significance of mitochondrial glycation.
Myelin Po‐protein, more than just a structural protein? (1992)

The protein P0 has long been proposed to be responsible for the compact nature of peripheral myelin through interactions of both its extracellular and cytoplasmic domains. Recent studies support such a role for P0's extracellular region while more precise mapping of its adhesive domains are ongoing. As P0 is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily and perhaps bears the closest similarity to the ancestral molecule of this whole family, these studies may also have more general implications for adhesive interactions. In addition, although long believed to be purely an inert, structural molecule, P0 has been reported to promote neurite outgrowth, which suggests a more dynamic role for this interesting molecule.
Human gut microbiome adopts an alternative state following small bowel transplantation (2009)

Small bowel transplants provide an exceptional opportunity for long-term study of the microbial ecology of the human small bowel. The ileostomy created at time of transplant for ongoing monitoring of the allograft provides access to samples of ileal effluent and mucosal biopsies. In this study, we used qPCR to assay the bacterial population of the small bowel lumen of 17 small bowel transplant patients over time. Surprisingly, the posttransplant microbial community was found to be dominated by Lactobacilli and Enterobacteria, both typically facultative anaerobes. This represents an inversion of the normal community that is dominated instead by the strictly anaerobic Bacteroides and Clostridia. We found this inverted community also in patients with ileostomies who did not receive a transplant, suggesting that the ileostomy itself is the primary ecological determinant shaping the microbiota. After surgical closure of the ileostomy, the community reverted to the normal structure. Therefore, we hypothesized that the ileostomy allows oxygen into the otherwise anaerobic distal ileum, thus driving the transition from one microbial community structure to another. Supporting this hypothesis, metabolomic profiling of both communities demonstrated an enrichment for metabolites associated with aerobic respiration in samples from patients with open ileostomies. Viewed from an ecological perspective, the two communities constitute alternative stable states of the human ileum. That the small bowel appears to function normally despite these dramatic shifts suggests that its ecological resilience is greater than previously realized.