gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning and characterization of human ERM, a new member of the Ets family closely related to mouse PEA3 and ER81 transcription factors. (1994)

The ets-related transcription factors PEA3 and ER81 have recently been isolated and characterized in the mouse. They share 95% identity in a 85 amino acid (AA) domain termed the ETS domain which is responsible for DNA binding, and therefore they form an Ets family group. By screening a human testis cDNA library with a probe containing the mouse PEA3 ETS domain, we isolated a 2.2 kb clone containing a 510 AA open reading frame. Since the ETS domain, which is localized in the carboxy terminal region of the encoded protein, is 95% and 96% identical to that of PEA3 and ER81, respectively, we named this new member 'Ets Related Molecule PEA3-like' (ERM). Although the first 120 AA in the amino-terminal region of ERM share 47% identity with PEA3 and 66% with ER81, ERM contains a central region of approximately 35 AA not found in the two mouse proteins. Gel shift analysis indicates that the full-length ERM protein is able to bind specifically to an oligonucleotide containing the consensus nucleotide core sequence GGAA recognized by the Ets proteins. Moreover, in vitro translation of 83 AA of the ERM ETS domain led to the production of a truncated protein which also binds to DNA. Though differential expression is observed in primary tumors and normal lymphocytes do not express ERM, this gene is almost ubiquitously expressed in human normal tissues. ERM mRNA is highly expressed in brain as well as in placenta and, to a lesser degree, in lung, pancreas, and heart. Moreover, almost all human cell lines tested express it at varying levels. In mouse tissues, we showed that PEA3 and ER81 mRNAs display restricted expression, whereas ERM is almost ubiquitously expressed as observed for human tissues. Altogether these results indicate that ERM is clearly a new ets family member and not the human equivalent of PEA3 or ER81.
B-Raf kinase inhibitors for cancer treatment. (2007)

The Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is critical for cell survival, growth, proliferation and tumorigenesis. Among the three isoforms of Raf protein kinases, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that B-Raf functions as the primary MEK activator. B-Raf is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers with a high prevalence in melanoma, and many of the B-Raf mutations activate the kinase activity of B-Raf. B-Raf kinase represents an excellent target for anticancer therapy based on preclinical target validation, epidemiology and drugability. Several small-molecule inhibitors of B-Raf kinase are currently undergoing clinical evaluation, with others due to enter clinical development in the near future.
[Effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB on proliferation of tendon cells cultured in vitro]. (2009)

PDGF-BB can promote the proliferation of tendon cells in a definite range of concentration and time.
Electron spin relaxation in InGaAs/InP multiple-quantum wells (1997)

The electron spin relaxation of InGaAs/InP multiple-quantum wells (MQW) is investigated using time-resolved polarization-dependent absorption measurement. The MQW has an excitonic absorption at 1.54 μm which is suitable for application in optical communications. A theoretical prediction assuming the D’yakonov-Perel’ interaction as the main relaxation mechanism gives a spin relaxation rate for the InGaAs quantum well over twice as high as that for the GaAs quantum well. The spin relaxation time measured at room temperature is 5.2 ps and found to be an order of magnitude faster than that of a GaAs quantum well.
Immune checkpoint inhibition in ovarian cancer (2016)

Recent studies have shown that tumor cells acquire escape mechanisms to evade host immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Two key immune checkpoint pathways mediated by immunosuppressive co-signaling, the first via programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and the second via CTLA-4 and B7 (CTLA-4/B7), have been previously described. Several clinical trials have revealed an outstanding anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-CTLA-4 antibody, anti-PD-1 antibody and/or anti-PD-L1 antibody) in patients with various types of solid malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, renal cell cancer and ovarian cancer. In this review, we examine pre-clinical studies that described the local immune status and immune checkpoint signals in ovarian cancer, highlight recent clinical trials that evaluated immune checkpoint inhibitors against ovarian cancer and discuss the clinical issues regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Recombinant adeno-associated virus mediated RNA interference inhibits metastasis of nasopharyngeal cancer cells in vivo and in vitro by suppression of Epstein-Barr virus encoded LMP-1 (2006)

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic carcinoma characterized by consistent association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Of the EBV-encoded product, latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) is considered to be an onco-protein playing an essential role in cell transformation and metastasis. In this study, we used a recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 vector (rAAV-2) to deliver small hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting EBV LMP-1 into the EBV-positive human NPC C666-1 cells and evaluated the effect of long-term suppression of LMP-1 on NPC growth and metastasis in vivo and in vitro. An NPC metastasis nude mouse model with NPC xenograft transplanted in liver was established. The NPC C666-1 cells infected with rAAV-shRNA-LMP-1 or rAAV-EGFP were inoculated in the livers of nude mice. Formation of liver and lung metastasis was evaluated at day 14 after tumor inoculation. Our results demonstrate that rAAV-shRNA-LMP-1 effectively infected C666-1 cells and suppressed LMP-1 expression. Such suppression, in turn, did not significantly inhibit tumor growth, but prevented NPC metastasis in the liver as well as in the lung. Consistent with in vivo data, the in vitro studies in NPC C666-1 cell cultures showed that suppression of LMP-1 by rAAV-shRNA-LMP-1 significantly reduced cell mobility and transmembrane invasion ability. These results demonstrated for the first time that long-term suppression of EBV-encoded LMP-1 in vivo is an effective means for preventing NPC metastasis.
Involvement of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3 in Endoderm Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells (1997)

The transcription factors of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF3) family, which are active in the liver, are expressed early during endoderm differentiation. To study their involvement in early murine development, we examined their role in embryonic stem (ES) cells. HNF3alpha or HNF3beta mRNA transcripts were not detected in ES cells before differentiation, and only low levels of HNF3beta mRNA were detected at a late stage of differentiation of ES cells to embryoid bodies (EB) (20 days after induction of differentiation). To examine the consequences of overexpressing HNF3alpha or -beta in ES cells, we transfected the two genes into these cells and determined the levels of expression of tissue-specific genes during EB differentiation. Specifically, we examined expression of albumin, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), alpha1-antitrypsin, transthyretin, zeta-globin, and neurofilament 68kd as markers for different cell lineages. Overexpression of HNF3beta (and to a lesser extent of HNF3alpha) induced the expression of genes associated with endodermal lineage, namely, the genes for CFTR and albumin, but did not induce the expression of genes involved in late endoderm differentiation, such as the genes for PEPCK and alpha1-antitrypsin. Moreover, expression of HNF1beta was highly induced in HNF3-overexpressing cells, while expression of HNF1alpha and HNF4 was only mildly induced in these cells. Therefore, HNF3alpha and -beta seem to be involved in early endoderm differentiation of ES cells and together with other developmental factors are apparently needed for the induction of the endodermal lineage in vivo.
Synthesis of penicillin derived polymers utilising ring-opening metathesis polymerisation methodology (1997)

Penicillin functionalised poly(norbornene)s are synthesised via living ring-opening metathesis polymerisation using the ruthenium initiator {RuCl 2 (CHPh)[P(C 6 H 11 ) 3 ] 2 }.
Virus Particles in Hamster Tumors as Revealed by Electron Microscopy. (1966)

Examination of 11 transplan-table hamster tumors by electron microscopy revealed virus particles in 9. Seven of the tumors contained particles morphologically identical with murine leukemia viruses. Five of these tumors also contained another type of particle which appears to be identical with one reported by other Workers. Two of the tumors contained only the murine leukemia-like agent, and two contained only the second agent.
The effect of photobiomodulation on root resorption during orthodontic treatment (2014)

Photobiomodulation is used to accelerate tooth movement during orthodontic treatments. The changes in root morphology in a group of orthodontic patients who received photobiomodulation were evaluated using the cone beam computed tomography technique. The device used is called OrthoPulse, which produces low levels of light with a near infrared wavelength of 850 nm and an intensity of 60 mW/cm(2) continuous wave. Twenty orthodontic patients were recruited for these experiments, all with class 1 malocclusion and with Little's Irregularity Index (>2 mm) in either of the arches. Root resorption was detected by measuring changes in tooth length using cone beam computed tomography. These changes were measured before the orthodontic treatment and use of low-level laser therapy and after finishing the alignment level. Little's Irregularity Index for all the patients was calculated in both the maxilla and mandible and patients were divided into three groups for further analysis, which were then compared to the root resorption measurements. Our results showed that photobiomodulation did not cause root resorption greater than the normal range that is commonly detected in orthodontic treatments. Furthermore, no correlation between Little's Irregularity Index and root resorption was detected.
Terminal protein-primed DNA amplification. (1994)

By using appropriate amounts of four bacteriophage phi 29 DNA replication proteins--terminal protein, DNA polymerase, protein p6 (double-stranded DNA-binding protein), and protein p5 (single-stranded DNA-binding protein)--it has been possible to amplify limited amounts of the 19,285-bp-long phi 29 DNA molecule by three orders of magnitude after 1 hr of incubation at 30 degrees C. Moreover, the quality of the amplified material was demonstrated by transfection experiments, in which infectivity of the synthetic (amplified) phi 29 DNA, measured as the ability to produce phage particles, was identical to that of the natural phi 29 DNA obtained from virions. The results presented in this paper establish some of the requisites for the development of isothermal DNA amplification strategies based on the bacteriophage phi 29 DNA replication machinery that are suitable for the amplification of very large (> 70 kb) segments of DNA.
MicroRNAs 143 and 145 are possible common onco-microRNAs in human cancers (2006)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed RNAs 18-24 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression through translational repression by binding to a target mRNA. It is thought that the expression level of miRNAs, which act like antioncogenes, is frequently reduced in cancers because of chromosome deletion and epigenetic changes. Since the processing of miRNAs has been characterized to be enzymatic in nature, the expression levels of miRNAs are closely associated with the activity and levels of such enzymes. Here, we found that miRNA 143 and 145 expression levels were extremely reduced in colon cancer cells and commonly in the other kinds of cancer cells tested. The transfection of each precursor miRNA into the cells demonstrated a significant growth inhibition in human colon cancer DLD-1 and SW480 cells, and ERK5 was determined to be the target gene of miRNA 143. Since the presence of genomic loci of the miRNAs was confirmed by PCR in the cell lines and the precursor miRNAs exhibited a growth inhibitory effect in DLD-1 and SW480 cells, the early processes such as transcription and enzymatic modification from primary miRNAs to precursor miRNAs seemed to be commonly disturbed. These findings indicate that the miRNAs 143 and 145 could become good tumor markers and provide an important clue in the study of the mechanism of oncogenesis involving miRNAs.
Ultrasound biomicroscopic findings in rabbit eyes undergoing scleral suction during lamellar refractive surgery. (2002)

Transient change in the ciliary body and the chamber angle occurred frequently after application of the scleral suction ring during lamellar refractive surgery in rabbit eyes. Its severity was positively related to the duration of suction. Swelling of the ciliary body corresponded with the shallowness of the chamber angle without alteration of the corneal-lenticular distance and intraocular pressure.
The role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in induction of monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells: synergistic interaction with 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and interferon-gamma in inducing interleukin-1 beta. (1992)

1 alpha, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (D3) (100 nM) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (100 U/ml) cooperatively inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells, and synergistically induced their monocytic differentiation. The growth-promoting effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (10 ng/ml) was inhibited appreciably by D3 and slightly by IFN-gamma. Despite the clear difference in their effects on growth of HL-60 cells, both IFN-gamma and GM-CSF in combination with D3 induced cell cycle changes, decreasing the number of cells in the S phase and increasing their percentage in the G1/0 phase. GM-CSF alone had no effect on differentiation, but enhanced differentiation induced by D3 distinctly though to a limited extent, and also enhanced monocytic differentiation, including morphological changes of HL-60 cells in the presence of D3 and IFN-gamma. GM-CSF as well as D3 and IFN-gamma induced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) production by the HL-60 cells, clearly indicating their importance in differentiation of these cells. IFN-gamma and GM-CSF had mutually potentiating effects and induced maximum IL-1 beta production in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of D3. Thus despite its growth-promoting effect, GM-CSF is a potential inducer of monocytic differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells, because in cooperation with IFN-gamma it induced monocyte-macrophage differentiation of HL-60 cells in the presence of D3.
Second generation wireless information networks (1991)

To enhance the capacity and capabilities of wireless information networks, five standardized second-generation networks will be deployed in Europe, North America, and Japan. All are based on digital voice transmission and improved network control relative to the first generation. The author describes the motivation behind the standards and presents details of transmission technologies and logical control channels. Specifically, a system operation is discussed in the context of the first two layers of the open systems interconnection model. The physical layer, the multiple-access technique, the modulation format, and the method of speech coding are discussed. Regarding the data link layer, the information formats of the logical channels that convey control information to and from wireless terminals are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Immunostimulatory colloidal delivery systems for cancer vaccines (2006)

Cancer vaccine delivery is a multidisciplinary scientific field that is currently undergoing rapid development. An important component of cancer vaccines is the development of novel vaccine delivery strategies, such as colloidal immunostimulatory delivery systems. The importance of formulation strategies for cancer vaccines can be explained by the poor immunogenicity of tumour antigens. Colloidal vaccine delivery systems modify the kinetics, body distribution, uptake and release of the vaccine. This review explores recent research that is directed towards more targeted treatments of cancer through to colloidal vaccine delivery systems. Widely investigated carrier systems include polymeric micro- and nanoparticles, liposomes, archaeal lipid liposomes (archaeosomes), immune-stimulating complexes and virus-like particles. These systems are evaluated in terms of their formulation techniques, immunological mechanisms of action as well as the potential and limitations of such colloidal systems in the field of cancer vaccines.
Large‐Scale Synthesis and Formulation of GMP‐Grade Stampidine, a New anti‐HIV Agent. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
EUKARYOTIC PHOSPHOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS (1995)

The current status of the biochemistry of phospholipid biosynthesis is presented. The review focuses on the identification and characterization of molecular tools such as purified enzymes and cloned genes and cDNAs for those enzymes. The enzymes discussed are those involved in the biosynthesis of the major phospholipid classes, namely, phosphatidate, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylinositol and its phosphorylated derivatives, and cardiolipin. The review centers on the pathways in mammals and yeast. Novel genetic approaches used to delineate pathways and clone cDNAs are discussed. The regulatory roles played by some of the enzymes involved in controlling the biosynthetic pathways are presented.
Detection of Hg2+ in Aqueous Solutions with a Foldamer-Based Fluorescent Sensor Modulated by Surfactant Micelles (2006)

[structure: see text] A hybrid foldamer constructed from six cholate units and two methionines was labeled with a DANSYL (DNS) group. The foldamer was solubilized by surfactant micelles to allow its usage as a fluorescent sensor for mercury ions present in the micromolar range in aqueous solutions. Its sensitivity was largely independent of the concentration of nonionic surfactants but was strongly influenced by both the nature and the concentration of ionic surfactants.
Mononuclear cell content of human solid tumors (1976)

The mononuclear cell content and mononuclear cell function of human solid tumors were determined. Twenty-eight primary, and 17 metastatic solid tumors, including 6 lymph node metastases, were obtained from 45 patients. Cells were released from the tumors by mincing, scraping, and sieving. Analysis of the cellular content was determined by light microscopy, and tumor lymphocyte function was determined by stimulation of blastogenesis with PHA, PWM, Con-A, MLC, and SLO. A median of 3.3 X 10(7) tumor cells with 12.5% viability was obtained per gram of tumor, and a median of 7.8 X 10(6) lymphocytes with a viability of 96% and 0.35 X 10(6) macrophages with a viability of 85% was also obtained per gram of tumor. Significant lymphocyte responses to various mitogens and antigens were obtained in 31-40% of the tumor lymphocyte preparations. From 9.4% to 23% had vigorous responses with a stimulation index greater than 10. Primary tumors contained significantly more lymphocytes than metastatic tumors; thus, the percent lymphocytes in primary tumors was 13.5% compared to 5% for metastatic tumors. In contrast, some of the lymphocyte responses were significantly greater for metastatic tumors than primary tumors. These data suggest that the direct study of lymphocytes infiltrating primary and metastatic tumors may be a useful approach to understanding tumor immunity in man.
DNA vaccination with plasmids encoding the intracellular (HBcAg) or secreted (HBeAg) form of the core protein of hepatitis B virus primes T cell responses to two overlapping Kb- and Kd-restricted epitopes (1997)

Plasmid DNA encoding either the intracellular form HBcAg or the secreted form HBeAg of the core protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was injected into the muscle of H-2b, H-2d or F1b x d mice. Serum antibody responses and class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to HBcAg/ HBeAg were detected in all mice tested. Stable murine H-2b and H-2d transfectants that express either intracellular HBcAg were secreted HBeAg were constructed. With these cell lines we restimulated in vitro T cells primed in vivo and detected their specific cytolytic reactivity against naturally processed peptides. CD8+ CTL responses elicited by DNA vaccination with plasmids encoding HBcAg or HBeAg were specific for the (previously described) Kd-binding HBcAg93-100 peptide MGLKFRQL in H-2b mice or the (newly defined) Kd-binding HBcAg87-96 peptide SYVNTNMGL in H-2d mice. The overlapping epitopes span residues 87-100 of HBcAg, and are present on HBcAg and HBeAg. CTL responses were equally well elicited in vivo by injecting HBcAg- or HBeAg-expressing plasmid DNA, and CTL efficiently recognize in vitro HBcAg- and HBeAg-expressing transfectants. DNA vaccination of F1b x d mice with HBcAg- or HBeAg-expressing plasmid DNA primed CTL populations that recognized the Kb- or the Kd-restricted epitope. Both Kb- and Kd-binding peptides are thus generated from cytoplasmic/nuclear HBcAg and secreted HBeAg. These data make it unlikely that the appearance of HBeAg-negative variants during chronic HBV infection results from CTL-driven selection. DNA vaccination is an efficient technique to prime CTL responses against overlapping epitopes present on intracellular or secreted viral protein antigens.
An implementation of a neural network based load forecasting model for the EMS (1994)

This paper presents the development and implementation of an artificial neural network (ANN) based short-term system load forecasting model for the energy control center of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E). Insights gained during the development of the model regarding the choice of the input variables and their transformations, the design of the ANN structure, the selection of the training cases and the training process itself are described in the paper. Attention was paid to model accurately special events, such as holidays, heat-waves, cold snaps and other conditions that disturb the normal pattern of the load. The significant impact of special events on the model's performance was established through testing of an existing load forecasting package that is in production use. The new model has been tested under a wide variety of conditions and it is shown in this paper to produce excellent results. Comparison results between the existing. regression based model and the ANN model are very encouraging. The ANN model consistently outperforms the existing model in terms of both average errors over a long period of time and number of "large" errors. The ANN model has also been integrated with PG&E's Energy Management System (EMS). It is envisioned that the ANN model will eventually substitute the existing model to support the Company's real-time operations. In the interim both models will be available for production use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>