gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of radiolabeling monoclonal antibodies with a residualizing iodine radiolabel on the accretion of radioisotope in tumors. (1995)

The effect of using a "residualizing" iodine radiolabel, dilactitol-iodotyramine, for radioimmunolocalization of antibodies to tumors was investigated. This tracer is designed to be lysosomally trapped after catabolism of the labeled antibody. mAbs RS7 and RS11 were used for in vivo and in vitro studies on the uptake and retention of radioisotope into tumor cells. Both are murine IgG1 mAbs with pancarcinoma reactivity, which react with integral membrane glycoproteins. mAb RS7 has been shown to be relatively rapidly catabolized by the antigen-bearing cell line Calu-3, whereas RS11 is catabolized more slowly in the same cells. An 111In- or 88Y-p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid conjugate was also tested because these radiometals are known to be lysosomally trapped, and iodination via chloramine T was used to provide a baseline. In vitro, a substantial increase in retention of the label by cells was observed when the dilactitol-tyramine DLT- or 111In-labeled mAbs were used, and the improvement gained by the use of these residualizing labels was greater with the use of the rapidly catabolized mAb (RS7) than it was with the more slowly catabolized mAb (RS11). In biodistribution studies in nude mice bearing Calu-3 tumor xenografts, a dramatic improvement in the tumor accretion of the radiolabel was seen with the use of the 131I-labeled DLT- or 88Y-labeled mAbs. For example, at day 7 the percentage of injected dose/g in the tumor was 5.54 +/- 1.47% (SD), 38.06 +/- 8.04%, and 43.18 +/- 19.50% for the conventionally iodinated, DLT- and 88Y-labeled RS7, respectively. Dosimetry calculations performed on the biodistribution data predict increases of approximately 8- and 4-fold in the absorbed dose to tumor with the use of 131I-labeled DLT- and 90Y-labeled mAbs, respectively, compared to the conventional 131I. In contrast to in vitro findings, these results were similar for both RS7 and RS11, suggesting that the use of DLT may be advantageous for most of the mAbs binding to the cell surface, including antibodies that are catabolized relatively slowly. The advantage of 131I-labeled DLT over 90Y is due to the longer physical half-life of the 131I.
Influence of radiation defects on impurity diffusion in silicon (1977)

The diffusion of boron, phosphorus, and antimony in silicon previously irradiated with inert-gas ions was investigated. The radiation doses ranged from 6 x 10/sup 12/ to 6 x 10/sup 15/ ions/cm/sup 2/. Impurity diffusion took place at temperatures 700-1200/sup 0/C. All impurities showed accelerated diffusion when the diffusion depth was comparable with the thickness of the layer damaged by bombardment. The acceleration increased with the previous radiation dose. For diffusion depths exceeding the thickness of the damaged layer, there was a retardation of diffusion due to segregation of impurities at sinks formed in the annealing process. The acceleration in the damaged layer was due to the presence of an excess concentration of vacancies released in the annealing of complex defects.
Robust, self-consistent, closed-form tomography of quantum logic gates on a trapped ion qubit (2013)

We introduce and demonstrate experimentally: (1) a framework called "gate set tomography" (GST) for self-consistently characterizing an entire set of quantum logic gates on a black-box quantum device; (2) an explicit closed-form protocol for linear-inversion gate set tomography (LGST), whose reliability is independent of pathologies such as local maxima of the likelihood; and (3) a simple protocol for objectively scoring the accuracy of a tomographic estimate without reference to target gates, based on how well it predicts a set of testing experiments. We use gate set tomography to characterize a set of Clifford-generating gates on a single trapped-ion qubit, and compare the performance of (i) standard process tomography; (ii) linear gate set tomography; and (iii) maximum likelihood gate set tomography.
Isolation, characterization, and regulation of theCandidaalbicansERG27gene encoding the sterol 3-keto reductase (2004)

The Candida albicans ERG27 gene which encodes the 3-keto reductase enzyme required for sterol C-4 demethylation was isolated and found to encode a 349 amino acid protein that is 60% identical at the amino acid level to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Erg27p. A C. albicans erg27 null was created in a strain containing an integrated ERG27 rescue cassette under the control of the pMAL2 inducible promoter. The C. albicans erg27 strain was able to grow only in the presence of maltose indicating that the ERG27 gene is essential. The C. albicans erg27 null showed complete loss of both 3-keto reductase and oxidosqualene cyclase (Erg7p) activities compromising all sterol synthesis. These results suggest that Erg27p inhibitors might be effective antifungals. To explore ERG27 regulation, an erg11 null strain was generated. C. albicans erg6 and erg24 mutants were also employed along with the inhibitors, itraconazole and zaragozic acid A, to characterize ERG27 expression using Northern analysis. Expression was increased two- to fourfold in erg11, erg6 and erg24 backgrounds. However, itraconazole which targets Erg11p (lanosterol demethylase) increased ERG27 expression 10-fold and zaragozic acid A which targets the Erg9p (squalene synthase) increased ERG27 expression fivefold. The azole and erg11 results support other observations that azoles may affect non-sterol targets.
Identification of stromally expressed molecules in the prostate by tag-profiling of cancer-associated fibroblasts, normal fibroblasts and fetal prostate (2011)

The stromal microenvironment has key roles in prostate development and cancer, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) stimulate tumourigenesis via several mechanisms including the expression of pro-tumourigenic factors. Mesenchyme (embryonic stroma) controls prostate organogenesis, and in some circumstances can re-differentiate prostate tumours. We have applied next-generation Tag profiling to fetal human prostate, normal human prostate fibroblasts (NPFs) and CAFs to identify molecules expressed in prostatic stroma. Comparison of gene expression profiles of a patient-matched pair of NPFs vs CAFs identified 671 transcripts that were enriched in CAFs and 356 transcripts whose levels were decreased, relative to NPFs. Gene ontology analysis revealed that CAF-enriched transcripts were associated with prostate morphogenesis and CAF-depleted transcripts were associated with cell cycle. We selected mRNAs to follow-up by comparison of our data sets with published prostate cancer fibroblast microarray profiles as well as by focusing on transcripts encoding secreted and peripheral membrane proteins, as well as mesenchymal transcripts identified in a previous study from our group. We confirmed differential transcript expression between CAFs and NPFs using QrtPCR, and defined protein localization using immunohistochemistry in fetal prostate, adult prostate and prostate cancer. We demonstrated that ASPN, CAV1, CFH, CTSK, DCN, FBLN1, FHL1, FN, NKTR, OGN, PARVA, S100A6, SPARC, STC1 and ZEB1 proteins showed specific and varied expression patterns in fetal human prostate and in prostate cancer. Colocalization studies suggested that some stromally expressed molecules were also expressed in subsets of tumour epithelia, indicating that they may be novel markers of EMT. Additionally, two molecules (ASPN and STC1) marked overlapping and distinct subregions of stroma associated with tumour epithelia and may represent new CAF markers.
GSM and personal communications handbook (1998)

From the Publisher:
Here is the most comprehensive reference available on GSM applications and services that's intended to build on  not replace  the basic technical information in the authors' original bestseller, An Introduction to GSM.

The book provides a close-up look at this hot technology, offers in-depth discussions of the features and services available through GSM, and includes new and more in-depth coverage of applications and implementations of the GSM standard. It also explains how GSM has succeeded in becoming the major digital wireless standard  and addresses both past and future standardization, regulation, and development issues.

The book uses non-technical language and unique technical implementation and performance figures to help you:

? Learn how intelligent mobile networks function  and what benefits they provide to users
? Compare PCS to GSM and other competing digital radio systems
? Gain a thorough understanding of state-of-the-art mobile communications services 
? Take a look at the technology and techniques used in PCS handsets

The book is an up-to-date, single-source guide for engineers, technical managers, and consultants at communications manufacturing and network operating sites who need a technical background on services, features, and implementation  or information on the adoption of GSM and competitive technologies. It is also a valuable source for marketing and sales professionals, university lecturers, and post-graduate students who need to acquire background knowledge of GSM technology or services.
Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Intranasal Midazolam or Sufentanil for Preinduction of Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients (1992)

Nasal administration of sufentanil or midazolam is effective for preinduction of pediatric patients, but there are no data on which to base a choice between them. This blinded randomized study compares behavioral and physiologic responses to sedation with one of these medications followed by inhalation or intravenous induction. Ninety-five patients aged 0.5-10 yr scheduled for elective surgery were stratified by age: 30 infants 0.5-2 yr, 38 preschoolers 2.1-5 yr, and 27 school-age children 5.1-10 yr. They were randomized to receive 0.04 ml/kg of midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) or sufentanil (2 micrograms/kg). Hemoglobin oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) and sedation score were recorded prior to drug administration, at 2.5-min intervals for 10 min, at separation, and during induction with graded halothane in oxygen. Intubation was performed under deep halothane or 3 mg/kg of thiopental and 0.1 mg/kg of pancuronium. Chest wall compliance was assessed qualitatively in all patients prior to intubation. To assess the effects of a mild standardized stress on unpremedicated patients, 75 of the children with parents present were scored before and after oximeter probe placement: of these, in 63% the sedation score did not change; 33% appeared more anxious; and only 4% seemed reassured. Children of all ages reacted negatively to physicians, and 23% were crying prior to administration of drugs. Sufentanil appeared less unpleasant to receive than midazolam: children cried 46 +/- 100 versus 76 +/- 73 s (P less than 0.05), respectively, but by 7.5 min, no child was crying. Median behavior scores at maximum anxiolysis were not different, but response to sufentanil was more variable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
LET IT SNOW, LET IT SNOW, LET IT SNOW! ELEVEN WAYS TO MAINTAIN WINTER ROADS (1996)

Winter road maintenance used to be a reactive process; that is, highway agencies cleaned up after the storm was over. The emphasis in winter road maintenance, however, is shifting toward prevention as new tools become available. Advanced technology and data from a 5-year program conducted by the Federal Highway Administration has the Nation more prepared to handle wintery roads. This article describes winter road maintenance strategies that can be categorized as chemical agents, field detection systems, and shared technologies. The 11 strategies include anti-icing, de-icing, prewetted salt, dry salt, ice melters, Roadway Weather Information System (RWIS), Computer Aided System for Planning Efficient Routes (CASPER), sensors, ice predicting systems, thermal mapping, and the International Scanning Program. One sidebar addresses winter bridge preparation and one sidebar describes loader versatility with job-matched attachments.
A double structure generalized plasticity model for expansive materials (2005)

Abstract The constitutive model presented in this work is built on a conceptual approach for unsaturated expansive soils in which the fundamental characteristic is the explicit consideration of two pore levels. The distinction between the macro‐ and microstructure provides the opportunity to take into account the dominant phenomena that affect the behaviour of each structural level and the main interactions between them. The microstructure is associated with the active clay minerals, while the macrostructure accounts for the larger‐scale structure of the material. The model has been formulated considering concepts of classical and generalized plasticity theories. The generalized stress–strain rate equations are derived within a framework of multidissipative materials, which provides a consistent and formal approach when there are several sources of energy dissipation. The model is formulated in the space of stresses, suction and temperature; and has been implemented in a finite element code. The approach has been applied to explaining and reproducing the behaviour of expansive soils in a variety of problems for which experimental data are available. Three application cases are presented in this paper. Of particular interest is the modelling of an accidental overheating, that took place in a large‐scale heating test. This test allows the capabilities of the model to be checked when a complex thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) path is followed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and Calcium Complexation of Oxidized Polysaccharides. Part I: Oxidation of Maltodextrins and Starch with Alkaline Sodium Hypochlorite (1989)

Abstract The oxidation of maltodextrins and starch with aqueous alkaline sodium hypochloride has been studied. At an oxidant level of 3 moles hypochlorite per anhydroglucose unit at pH 8–9, a C2, C3‐glycol‐cleaved dicarboxy polysaccharide was obtained containing up to 45% ring‐opened glucose units. Hydrolysis of the oxidation products yielded (apart from glucose) erythronic and glyoxylic acids, but no glucuronic acid evidencing the absence of C6‐oxidation. The average degree of polymerization of the products ranged from 14 to 87 and indicated severe chain degradation during the oxidation. The products were shown to be effective calcium complexing agents and behaved as regular polyelectrolytes with identical complexing sites.
Case 40-1996 (1996)

Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital from The New England Journal of Medicine — Case 40-1996 — A 58-Year-Old Man with Progressive Hypotension and Respiratory Failure after Treatment for Apparent Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Regional Variation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Incidence and Outcome (2008)

In this study involving 10 geographic regions in North America, there were significant and important regional differences in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome.
[Domperidone and hyperprolactinemia]. (1998)

Nine patients with hyperprolactinemia and one patient with pituitary microadenona were observed for 6 years. They were induced by administration of domperidone. The clinical characteristic of the 9 patients was summarized and analysed. The results suggest that prescribe domperidone for fertile women should pay more attention to its adverse effect on inducing hyperprolactinemia and even pituitary microadenona.
The Origins of the Benzotriazole Project, Its Versatility Illustrated by a New -C=CHCH+OEt Synthon, and Novel Syntheses of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones, Furans, Pyrroles and Allyl Ethers (1995)

A historical introduction describes the discovery and progress of benzotriazole synthetic methodology. 3-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-ethoxyprop-1-ene (6), readily prepared from 3-(benzotriazo-1-yl)-3-ethoxyprop-1-ene (4) via zinc bromide promoted allylic rearrangement, undergoes lithiation and regiospecific single or double 3-alkylation to give products which undergo (i) hydrolysis to afford α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, (ii) silica gel promoted reverse allylic rearrangement of the benzotriazolyl group, followed by further alkylation and subsequent hydrolysis to furnish α,β-unsaturated ketones, (iii) intramolecular cyclizations to construct pyrroles and furans, and (iv) intermolecular nucleophilic substitution with Grignard reagents to provide allyl ethers.
Binding of L-Selectin to the Vascular Sialomucin CD34 (1993)

The adhesive interactions between leukocyte L-selectin and the endothelium are involved in the migration of lymphocytes through peripheral lymph nodes and of neutrophils to sites of inflammation. A recombinant L-selectin stains high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes and recognizes sulfated carbohydrates found on two endothelial glycoproteins, Sgp50 and Sgp90. Amino acid sequencing of purified Sgp90 revealed a protein core identical to that CD34, a sialomucin expressed on hematopoietic stem cells and endothelium. A polyclonal antiserum to recombinant murine CD34 stains peripheral lymph node endothelium and recognizes Sgp90 that is functionally bound by L-selectin. Thus, an HEV glycoform of CD34 can function as a ligand for L-selectin.
Diseases of the Esophagus: Diagnosis with Esophagography (2005)

The barium esophagram is a valuable diagnostic test for evaluating structural and functional abnormalities of the esophagus. The study is usually performed as a multiphasic examination that includes upright double-contrast views with a high-density barium suspension, prone single-contrast views with a low-density barium suspension, and, not infrequently, mucosal-relief views with either density of barium suspension. The double-contrast phase optimizes the ability to detect inflammatory or neoplastic diseases, whereas the single-contrast phase optimizes the ability to detect hiatal hernias and lower esophageal rings or strictures. Fluoroscopic examination of the esophagus is also important for assessing motility disorders such as achalasia and diffuse esophageal spasm. This article is a review of gastroesophageal reflux disease, other types of esophagitis, benign and malignant esophageal tumors, varices, lower esophageal rings, diverticula, and esophageal motility disorders, all of which can be diagnosed with the aid of esophagography.
Improved Succinic Acid Production in the Anaerobic Culture of an Escherichia coli pflB ldhA Double Mutant as a Result of Enhanced Anaplerotic Activities in the Preceding Aerobic Culture (2007)

Escherichia coli NZN111 is a pflB ldhA double mutant which loses its ability to ferment glucose anaerobically due to redox imbalance. In this study, two-stage culture of NZN111 was carried out for succinic acid production. It was found that when NZN111 was aerobically cultured on acetate, it regained the ability to ferment glucose with succinic acid as the major product in subsequent anaerobic culture. In two-stage culture carried out in flasks, succinic acid was produced at a level of 11.26 g/liter from 13.4 g/liter of glucose with a succinic acid yield of 1.28 mol/mol glucose and a productivity of 1.13 g/liter.h in the anaerobic stage. Analyses of key enzyme activities revealed that the activities of isocitrate lyase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase were greatly enhanced while those of pyruvate kinase and PEP carboxylase were reduced in the acetate-grown cells. The two-stage culture was also performed in a 5-liter fermentor without separating the acetate-grown NZN111 cells from spent medium. The overall yield and concentration of succinic acid reached 1.13 mol/mol glucose and 28.2 g/liter, respectively, but the productivity of succinic acid in the anaerobic stage dropped to 0.7 g/liter.h due to cell autolysis and reduced anaplerotic activities. The results indicate the great potential to take advantage of cellular regulation mechanisms for improvement of succinic acid production by a metabolically engineered E. coli strain.
Inhibition of Myogenic bHLH and MEF2 Transcription Factors by the bHLH Protein Twist (1996)

The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and MEF2 transcription factors are expressed in the myotome of developing somites and cooperatively activate skeletal muscle gene expression. The bHLH protein Twist is expressed throughout the epithelial somite and is subsequently excluded from the myotome. Ectopically expressed mouse Twist (Mtwist) was shown to inhibit myogenesis by blocking DNA binding by MyoD, by titrating E proteins, and by inhibiting trans-activation by MEF2. For inhibition of MEF2, Mtwist required heterodimerization with E proteins and an intact basic domain and carboxyl-terminus. Thus, Mtwist inhibits both families of myogenic regulators and may regulate myotome formation temporally or spatially.
Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment* (2000)

CUMMINS, CRAIG A. M.D.†; MESSER, TERRY M. M.D.†; NUBER, GORDON W. M.D.†, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Author Information
Homodimerization of Erythropoietin Receptor by a Bivalent Monoclonal Antibody Triggers Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Erythroid Precursors (1997)

Erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. Several lines of evidence indicate that the most likely mechanism of EPO receptor (EPO-R) activation by EPO is homodimerization of the receptor on the surface of erythrocyte precursors. Therefore, we argued that it should be possible to raise EPO-R monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that would activate the receptor by dimerization and thus mimic EPO action. We have identified such an agonist MoAb (MoAb34) directed against the extracellular EPO binding domain of the EPO-R. This bivalent IgG antibody triggers the proliferation of EPO-dependent cell lines and induces differentiation of erythroid precursors in vitro. In contrast, the monovalent Fab fragment, which cannot dimerize the receptor, is completely inactive. The mechanism of receptor activation by homodimerization implies that at high ligand concentrations the formation of 1:1 receptor/ligand complexes is favored over 2:1 complexes, thereby turning the ligand agonist into an antagonist. Thus, EPO and MoAb34 should self-antagonize at high concentrations in both cell proliferation and differentiation assays. Our data indeed demonstrate that EPO and MoAb34 antagonize ligand-dependent cell proliferation with IC50 values of approximately 20 and 2 mumol/L, respectively. Erythroid colony formation (BFUe) is inhibited at MoAb34 concentrations above 1 mumol/L. Furthermore, we analyzed the MoAb34:EPO-R interaction using a mathematic model describing antibody-mediated receptor dimerization. The data for proliferation and differentiation activity were consistent with the receptor dimer formation on the cell surface predicted by the model.