gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The somatostatin receptor--a window of therapeutic opportunity? (1995)

Journal Article The somatostatin receptor—a window of therapeutic opportunity? Get access M Berelowitz M Berelowitz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 136, Issue 9, 1 September 1995, Pages 3695–3697, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.136.9.7649074 Published: 01 September 1995
SOP: a reconfigurable massively parallel system and its control-data-flow based compiling method (1996)

This paper describes reconfigurable massively parallel computer system called SOP (Sea Of Processors) that has ability to change its structure and achieves high performance by mapping the control flow and data flow of target algorithms directly on the reconfigurable hardware. SOP system consists of huge number of programmable logic, memory and switch elements. Each logic element is mainly used to map logic/arithmetic operations and control circuits. SOP memory element has ability to process global search, global sorting, heap tree and min/max operations quickly. SOP compiler extracts high degree of parallelism from application programs written in C-language by exploiting operation and function level parallelism using control-data-flow based mapping technique.
Inhibiting Multiple Mode Vibration in Controlled Flexible Systems (1991)

Space-borne and industrial robotic systems often utilize lightweight materials and configurations that give rise to vibration problems. Prior research has led to the development of input command pre-shapers that can significantly reduce residual vibration. These shapers exhibit marked insensitivity to errors in natural frequency estimates and can be used to minimize vibration at more than one frequency. This paper briefly outlines a method for the development of multiple mode input shapers, and examines the results of shaper performance tests conducted on linear and non-linear computer models of MACE, an MIT/NASA experimental flexible structure.
Mimicking Spray Drying by Drying of Single Droplets Deposited on a Flat Surface (2012)

The inactivation of bioactive ingredients during spray drying is often matrix specific. Therefore, the design of new processes or the optimisation of existing spray drying processes is usually highly product specific and requires numerous experiments. Rapid experimentation methods that facilitate fast data generation are therefore desired. A novel method for drying single droplets to mimic spray drying is proposed. The approach involves droplet deposition on a hydrophobic flat surface followed by controlled drying. A heat and mass transfer model is applied to predict the drying history of the single droplets. The approach is successfully evaluated through studying the inactivation of β-galactosidase during drying. The heat and mass transfer model supplemented with inactivation kinetics provided reasonable prediction of the residual enzyme activity after drying. In addition, the inactivation kinetics could be directly extracted from single droplet experiments rather than using the kinetics from separate heating experiments. Finally, it was demonstrated that the inactivation kinetics found with the single-drop experiments could satisfactorily predict the residual activity of β-galactosidase dried with a laboratory-scale spray dryer.
Decay Rates of Human mRNAs: Correlation With Functional Characteristics and Sequence Attributes (2003)

Although mRNA decay rates are a key determinant of the steady-state concentration for any given mRNA species, relatively little is known, on a population level, about what factors influence turnover rates and how these rates are integrated into cellular decisions. We decided to measure mRNA decay rates in two human cell lines with high-density oligonucleotide arrays that enable the measurement of decay rates simultaneously for thousands of mRNA species. Using existing annotation and the Gene Ontology hierarchy of biological processes, we assign mRNAs to functional classes at various levels of resolution and compare the decay rate statistics between these classes. The results show statistically significant organizational principles in the variation of decay rates among functional classes. In particular, transcription factor mRNAs have increased average decay rates compared with other transcripts and are enriched in "fast-decaying" mRNAs with half-lives <2 h. In contrast, we find that mRNAs for biosynthetic proteins have decreased average decay rates and are deficient in fast-decaying mRNAs. Our analysis of data from a previously published study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mRNA decay shows the same functional organization of decay rates, implying that it is a general organizational scheme for eukaryotes. Additionally, we investigated the dependence of decay rates on sequence composition, that is, the presence or absence of short mRNA motifs in various regions of the mRNA transcript. Our analysis recovers the positive correlation of mRNA decay with known AU-rich mRNA motifs, but we also uncover further short mRNA motifs that show statistically significant correlation with decay. However, we also note that none of these motifs are strong predictors of mRNA decay rate, indicating that the regulation of mRNA decay is more complex and may involve the cooperative binding of several RNA-binding proteins at different sites.
Akt and Bcl-xL Promote Growth Factor-independent Survival through Distinct Effects on Mitochondrial Physiology (2001)

A comparison of Akt- and Bcl-x(L)-dependent cell survival was undertaken using interleukin-3-dependent FL5.12 cells. Expression of constitutively active Akt allows cells to survive for prolonged periods following growth factor withdrawal. This survival correlates with the expression level of activated Akt and is comparable in magnitude to the protection provided by the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-x(L). Although both genes prevent cell death, Akt-protected cells can be distinguished from Bcl-x(L)-protected cells on the basis of increased glucose transporter expression, glycolytic activity, mitochondrial potential, and cell size. In addition, Akt-expressing cells require high levels of extracellular nutrients to support cell survival. In contrast, Bcl-x(L)-expressing cells deprived of interleukin-3 survive in a more vegetative state, in which the cells are smaller, have lower mitochondrial potential, reduced glycolytic activity, and are less dependent on extracellular nutrients. Thus, Akt and Bcl-x(L) suppress mitochondrion-initiated apoptosis by distinct mechanisms. Akt-mediated survival is dependent on promoting glycolysis and maintaining a physiologic mitochondrial potential. In contrast, Bcl-x(L) maintains mitochondrial integrity in the face of a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, which develops as a result of the low glycolytic rate in growth factor-deprived cells.
Anaerobic Roll Tube Media for Nonselective Enumeration and Isolation of Bacteria in Human Feces (1971)

Medium 10 (M10), developed for rumen bacteria and containing small amounts of sugars, starch, volatile fatty acids, hemin, Trypticase, yeast extract, cysteine, and sulfide, plus agar, minerals and CO(2)-HCO(3)-buffer, was used with the Hungate anaerobic method as a basal medium to evaluate the efficacy of various ingredients. Three-day-old colony counts from adults on normal diets (17 samples) were 0.55 x 10(11) to 1.7 x 10(11) per g (mean, 1.15 x 10(11)) for M10. Single deletion of volatile fatty acids, Trypticase, yeast extract, or sulfide did not reduce counts. Deletion of hemin or both Trypticase and yeast extract significantly lowered counts. Addition of fecal extract, rumen fluid, 1% dehydrated Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) or 2 to 6% liver infusion did not increase counts; 1% dehydrated bile or 3.7% BHI markedly depressed them. Decreasing the gas-phase CO(2) concentration from 100 to 5% with N(2) and correspondingly lowering the HCO(3) had little effect. Counts in supplemented Brewer Thioglycollate (Difco), BHI, and Trypticase soy agar were similar or lower than in M10; ease in counting was best in M10. Comparison of features of 88 predominant strains of fecal bacteria randomly isolated indicated that M10 supported growth of as many or more species of bacteria as compared to supplemented BHI. The results suggest that predominant bacteria of human feces, in general, are not as nutritionally fastidious as rumen bacteria and indicate that media for counts or isolation containing large amounts of rich organic materials are neither necessary nor desirable when adequate anaerobic techniques are used.
Antitumor effect of 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine conjugates against a murine thymoma and colon carcinoma xenografts. (1992)

The conjugation of antineoplastic drugs to monoclonal antibodies reactive with tumor associated antigens conveys selective cytotoxicity, overcoming the systemic toxicities caused by drugs during standard chemotherapy. 2'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine, a more potent derivative of 5-fluorouracil, is an antimetabolite which exerts its cytotoxic action by inhibiting the enzyme thymidylate synthetase and as a result inhibits DNA synthesis. 2'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine was successfully conjugated to anti-Ly-2.1 reactive with the murine thymoma ITT(1)75NS E3, I-1, and 250-30.6 reactive with human colon cancer cells using the active ester of 2'-deoxy-5-fluoro-3'-O-succinoyluridine (5FdUrdsucc). In vitro, 5Fd-Urdsucc-anti-Ly-2.1 was selectively cytotoxic against ITT(1)75NS E3 murine thymoma cells at nanomolar concentrations. The human colon carcinoma cell LIM1899 was inhibited by 5FdUrdsucc-I-1 conjugates in the range of 10(-7)-10(-8) M, as were Colo 205 cells by 5FdUrdsucc-250-30.6 conjugates. In vivo, 5FdUrdsucc conjugates were more effective than equivalent amounts of free 5FdUrdsucc. Against the ITT(1)75NS E3 murine thymoma, a single dose of 100 micrograms (5FdUrdsucc equivalents) 5FdUrdsucc-anti-Ly-2.1 resulted in 85% tumor inhibition compared to mean tumor size of control mice. Irrelevant 5FdUrdsucc conjugates failed to inhibit tumor growth. Multiple doses of 5FdUrdsucc-I-1 conjugate produced 50% growth inhibition of the moderately differentiated tumor LIM1899. In contrast, the human colon carcinoma Colo 205 was relatively resistant to free 5FdUrdsucc and 5FdUrdsucc-250-30.6 conjugates.
Bismuth(III)chloride as a New Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation in the Absence of Solvent (1992)

Abstract The Knoevenagel condensation of various aldehydes was carried out under heterogenous catalysts conditions using bismuth(III)chloride in absence of solvent. The method gives high yields of Knoevenagel products.
Buckyball microwave plasmas: Fragmentation and diamond-film growth (1994)

Microwave discharges (2.45 GHz) have been generated in C60-containing Ar. The gas mixtures were produced by flowing Ar over fullerene-containing soot at a variety of temperatures. Optical spectroscopy shows that the spectrum is dominated by the d 3Πg–a 3Πu Swan bands of C2 and particularly the Δv=−2, −1, 0, +1, and +2 sequences. These results give direct evidence that C2 is in fact one of the products of C60 fragmentation brought about, at least in part, by collisionally induced dissociation. C60 has been used as a precursor in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition experiment to grow diamond-thin films. The films, grown in an Ar/H2 gas mixture (0.14% carbon content, 100 Torr, 20 sccm Ar, 4 sccm H2, 1500 W, 850 °C substrate temperature) were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The growth rate was found to be ∼0.6 μm/h. Assuming a linear dependence on carbon concentration, a growth rate at least six times higher than commonly observed using methane as a precursor would be predicted at a carbon content of 1% based on C60. Energetic and mechanistic arguments are advanced to rationalize this result based on C2 as the growth species.
The Pathway of Ventricular Depolarization in the Dog (1956)

Studies of ventricular depolarization with multichannel recording technics permit detailed three dimensional analysis of the process. Activity commences on the mid left septal surface, followed by activity on the right septum. Rapid endocardial excitation follows and leads to endoepicardial activation of the walls. The latest areas activated are in the basal septum. These findings are related to the genesis of the normal QRS. Theories of simultaneous activation and electrocardiographic silent areas are discussed.
Embedding 3D Radiology Models in Portable Document Format (2012)

Embedding 3D radiology models into PDF files is a powerful tool that may be used for clinical, educational, and research purposes.
Immune complexes with antiglobulin activity in sera of Moloney sarcoma-bearing rats. (1982)

Immune complexes (IC) were detected and isolated from the serum of Brown Norway (BN), (Lewis x BN)F1, and Lewis rats bearing a Moloney sarcoma (MST). IC were isolated from the serum of individual rats employing a system of G-200 chromatography and passage through a heavy chain specific anti-rat IgG Immunoadsorbent. IgG and IgM were identified in the isolated IC by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and co-precipitation radioimmunoassays. Employing monospecific antibodies, IC consisting of IgG and IgM were bound to Raji cells as assessed by radioimmunoassay and indirect immunofluorescence. Raji binding activity of IC-containing serum was substantially reduced by pretreatment with dithiothreitol or incubation with anti-rat IgM or pooled normal rat IgG: F(ab')2. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation under acid conditions dissociated IC into 7S IgG and 19S IgM components which recombined when co-incubated at pH 7 . 5. Viral antigens (gp70 and p30) were not detected in IC by PAGE and co-precipitation radioimmunoassay. Findings show that sera of rats bearing MST contain IC consisting predominantly of immunoglobulin. An IgM component which was separated, isolated and identified within IC containing serum displays anti-F(ab')2 reactivity.
Antibody to Influenza Virus Neuraminidase: An Independent Correlate of Protection (2015)

NCT00538512.
Differentiation of Lipid Tear Deficiency Dry Eye by Kinetic Analysis of Tear Interference Images (2003)

Kinetic analysis of the tear interference revealed distinctive differences in the time and pattern of lipid spread and the distribution and stability of resultant lipid thickness between healthy subjects and patients with LTD. This method can be coupled with others for formulating effective therapies for patients with dry eye.
Electronic and Electrochemical Properties of LixNi1-yCoyO2 Cathodes Studied by Impedance Spectroscopy (2001)

An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study of three members of the family of compounds LixNi1-yCoyO2 (y = 0, 0.2, and 1) has been performed by taking spectra at closely spaced bias potentials over the potential windows of utilization as cathodes in lithium-ion batteries. The spectra have been interpreted in terms of electronic and ionic transport properties. It has been found that, for x values greater than about 0.9, all the compounds show semiconductive properties with a specific resistance that increases with decreasing Ni content. For x close to about 0.9−0.8, the properties change into those of a metal-like material in which the ionic conductivity becomes the limiting factor. The transition between these two limiting conditions clearly appears in the impedance spectra.
Influence of late irradiation on the in vitro RBC storage variables of leucoreduced RBCs in SAGM additive solution (2010)

This study presents data on the in vitro quality of leucoreduced RBCs that have been irradiated on days +14, +28, or +35 after collection. Our findings support the proposal that the current limitation of the age of RBCs on the day of gamma irradiation may be replaced by staged limitations depending on the time of irradiation.
THE CAVEOLAE MEMBRANE SYSTEM (1998)

The cell biology of caveolae is a rapidly growing area of biomedical research. Caveolae are known primarily for their ability to transport molecules across endothelial cells, but modern cellular techniques have dramatically extended our view of caveolae. They form a unique endocytic and exocytic compartment at the surface of most cells and are capable of importing molecules and delivering them to specific locations within the cell, exporting molecules to extracellular space, and compartmentalizing a variety of signaling activities. They are not simply an endocytic device with a peculiar membrane shape but constitute an entire membrane system with multiple functions essential for the cell. Specific diseases attack this system: Pathogens have been identified that use it as a means of gaining entrance to the cell. Trying to understand the full range of functions of caveolae challenges our basic instincts about the cell.
TNF-α and neuropathic pain - a review (2010)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was discovered more than a century ago, and its known roles have extended from within the immune system to include a neuro-inflammatory domain in the nervous system. Neuropathic pain is a recognized type of pathological pain where nociceptive responses persist beyond the resolution of damage to the nerve or its surrounding tissue. Very often, neuropathic pain is disproportionately enhanced in intensity (hyperalgesia) or altered in modality (hyperpathia or allodynia) in relation to the stimuli. At time of this writing, there is as yet no common consensus about the etiology of neuropathic pain - possible mechanisms can be categorized into peripheral sensitization and central sensitization of the nervous system in response to the nociceptive stimuli. Animal models of neuropathic pain based on various types of nerve injuries (peripheral versus spinal nerve, ligation versus chronic constrictive injury) have persistently implicated a pivotal role for TNF-alpha at both peripheral and central levels of sensitization. Despite a lack of success in clinical trials of anti-TNF-alpha therapy in alleviating the sciatic type of neuropathic pain, the intricate link of TNF-alpha with other neuro-inflammatory signaling systems (e.g., chemokines and p38 MAPK) has indeed inspired a systems approach perspective for future drug development in treating neuropathic pain.
Eating and Its Disorders. (1984)

This latest contribution (Volume 62) in the series of research monographs of the Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease covers mechanisms and disorders of eating. The 19 chapters are organized in three major sections: The first deals with basic neuroanatomic and chemical concepts, the second describes current physiologic concepts that underlie the regulation of body weight, and the final section reviews treatment of obesity, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia. Beginning with Stellar's of hypothalamic control, proposed 30 years ago, the complexities of neuroanatomic mechanisms that underlie hunger and satiety, the role of neurotransmitters, and the interaction of peripheral with central mechanisms that regulate eating are updated in light of research advances. The recent hypothesis of the relationship of postprandial satiety to cholecystokinin and also the regulating effects of dietary amino acids are reviewed by Smith and the Wurtmans. A section on the regulation of body weight deals particularly with the set-point theory of body weight maintenance. The roles of adipose tissue, lean body mass, and physical activity in the metabolic defense of weight are thoroughly reviewed. Herman and Polivy suggest a novel boundary model for the regulation of eating, which begins to consider the interactional complexities of biologic and psychosocial forces in different persons. The final section considers the treatment of obesity in adults, in children, and in adolescents, the treatment of anorexia nervosa, and the treatment of bulimia. Stunkard provides a reasoned account of the current status of treatment of excessive weight which is based on classifying obesity by its severity. The Wooleys provocatively challenge whether obesity should be treated at all, but their thesis has a polemic ring. Agras and Kraemer provide the beginnings of a much needed evaluation of the treatment of anorexia nervosa but maintain a surprisingly limited view of what constitutes recovery. An essay on the psychopathologic features of anorexia nervosa by Crisp furnishes a much broader perspective on treatment complexities. Two diverse approaches to the treatment of bulimia—cognitive behavior therapy and antidepressant medication—reflect the current limited understanding of this condition.
Mirth, laughter and gelastic seizures (1993)

Little is known about what pathways subserve mirth and its expression laughter. We present three patients with gelastic seizures and laughter elicited by electrical stimulation of the cortex who provide some insight into the mechanisms of laughter and its emotional concomitants. The first patient had seizures manifested by laughter without a subjective feeling of mirth. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a cavernous haemangioma in the left superior mesial frontal region. Ictal subdural electrode recording showed the seizure onset to be in the left anterior cingulate gyrus. Removal of the lesion and of the seizure focus rendered the patient virtually seizure free over 16 months of follow-up. The other two patients had complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. Electrical stimulation of the fusiform gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus produced bursts of laughter accompanied by a feeling of mirth. These cases reveal a high likelihood of cingulate and basal temporal cortex contribution to laughter and mirth in humans, and suggest the possibility that the anterior cingulate region is involved in the motor act of laughter, while the basal temporal cortex is involved in processing of laughter's emotional content in man.
Sens-Perceptor: Image based evidence formation module as a logical sensor for robot hand preshaping (2002)

The authors attempt to develop and implement a system executing a type of action according to a decision based imperfectly sensed and processed input data from multiple sensors. The system consists of three main modules, namely the "Sens-Perceptor" module (SP), the Fractal Inference Network (FIN), and the Neuro Controller (NC). Inputs to the Sens-Perceptor are the images sensed in an environment. In an implementation, these images are those of objects contained in the robot hand workspace. The objects considered are imperfectly known graspable parts available to the robot hand in its environment. Since the objects are imperfectly known, a fractal based methodology is developed for assigning initial beliefs at the low level processing of object images. The FIN is used for determining the task oriented hand preshapes of a multifinger robot hand for ill-perceived object contours. The neurocontroller locally activates the FIN by firing network nodes that bear high relevance to the output of the Sens-Perceptor module.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Metal-dependent Fermi-level movement in the metal/sulfur-passivated InGaP contact (1997)

A high resolution core level photoemission study on the metal contact formed on S-passivated n-InGaP(100) surface reveals that the species produced by the chemical reaction of the deposited metal atoms with the surface atoms induce the gap states responsible for the Fermi level movement. The initial sulfur passivation of n-InGaP(100) surface efficiently reduced the gap states within the band gap and flattened the band bending by 0.6 eV relative to the sputter-cleaned surface. When the metals such as Al(Au) are deposited on the S/InGaP(100) surface, it was found that the deposited Al(Au) reacted with monosulfides resulting in the Al-sulfide (the remaining defective In-polysulfides) which seem to be the origin of the gap states.