gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of precursor gases for focused ion beam insulator deposition (1998)

The electrical properties of insulators formed by focused ion beam induced deposition of various siloxane precursor gases have been compared. Leakage current and breakdown field have been measured by forming metal-insulator-metal structures. It was found that the focused ion beam induced deposition of metal on top of the insulator can substantially degrade the quality of the insulator. We found that the resistivity of the insulator material depends on the deposition yield (e.g., the amount of Ga implantation) as well as on the chemical nature of the precursor gas. From the precursor gases studied, the new compound pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane shows the best performance. Compared to the commercially used tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane compound, an improvement in resistivity by two orders of magnitude (∼8×1011 versus ∼6×109 Ω cm) and a factor of about 1.5 in breakdown field (650 vs 440 V/μm) could be achieved.
Pentachlorocyclopropane1 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPentachlorocyclopropane1Stephen W. Tobey and Robert WestCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 11, 2478–2481Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00963a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00963a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1135Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Convergence Analysis of the Incremental Cost Consensus Algorithm Under Different Communication Network Topologies in a Smart Grid (2012)

In a smart grid, effective distributed control algorithms could be embedded in distributed controllers to properly allocate electrical power among connected buses autonomously. By selecting the incremental cost of each generation unit as the consensus variable, the incremental cost consensus (ICC) algorithm is able to solve the conventional centralized economic dispatch problem in a distributed manner. The mathematical formulation of the algorithm has been presented in this paper. The results of several case studies have also been presented to show that the difference between network topologies will influence the convergence rate of the ICC algorithm.
Influence of structure on the reduction of nitroxide MRI contrast-enhancing agents by ascorbate. (1984)

With an eye toward the design of new nitroxide-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, the effect of ring size and the presence of proximate polar groups on the rate of reduction of cyclic nitroxides by the biologically relevant reducing agent ascorbate ion have been determined. To the extent that reduction by ascorbate ion is indicative of the behavior of nitroxides toward other in vivo reducing agents, our results indicate that saturated five-membered cyclic nitroxides are to be preferred over smaller or larger ring sizes or acyclic nitroxides. Proximate polar groups tend to enhance the susceptibility toward reduction by ascorbate.
Vitamin K supplementation does not prevent bone loss in ovariectomized Norway rats (2012)

PK, MK-4, and MK-7 do not appear to prevent bone loss in OVX rats when administered concurrent with adequate intake of other nutrients.
Vaginal expulsion of submucosal fibroids after uterine artery embolization. A report of three cases. (1999)

The use of UAE to treat patients with fibroids and menorrhagia is relatively new. Our experience has revealed that a significant percentage of patients who have had the embolization procedure will have reduction in menorrhagia and also in the volume of their fibroids. Complications and side effects have been few. Vaginal expulsion of submucosal fibroids can be viewed as a side effect of the procedure, and, to the best of our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of this postembolization occurrence.
QUELQUES METABOLITES POSSIBLES DE LA THALIDOMIDE (1963)

La synthèse de dérivés hydroxylés en positions 3 et 4 de 1′ α-phtalimidoglutarimide et de ses produits d'hydrolyse est décrite.
<title>New UV optic for submicron laser processing with a frequency quadrupled Nd:YAG laser</title> (1994)

A new UV-optic with an integrated autofocus sensor has been developed for submicron laser processing. In general, a distinction can be made between reflective and refractive objectives. Both have different advantages and disadvantages and, therefore, must be adapted to the application. For refractive objectives designed for UV-purposes, only a limited number of materials are available. With a small spectral bandwidth, such as that for some laser sources, an all quartz lens can be used. The frequency quadrupled Nd:YAG laser already has in its basic set-up a spectral bandwidth of less than 100 GHz. In the seeded mode, only one longitudinal mode will be excited. In order to achieve focus diameters below 0.5 micrometers , at least an N.A. of 0.65 is necessary. Such an objective has been designed and built at the Laser Zentrum Hannover (LZH). For this objective, automatic focussing aids are necessary. They have to ensure that the focal plane is within the depth-of-focus (DOF), which is below +/- 0.4 micrometers for the designed objective. Currently, all available sensors in this area show major drawbacks concerning the desired flexibility in being used for different laser processes. Therefore, a sensor, based on the autofocus principle, has been modified and built at the LZH. The results have proven that the resolution and the mean deviation are within the desired range (DOF).
A survey of tools for variant analysis of next-generation genome sequencing data (2013)

Recent advances in genome sequencing technologies provide unprecedented opportunities to characterize individual genomic landscapes and identify mutations relevant for diagnosis and therapy. Specifically, whole-exome sequencing using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies is gaining popularity in the human genetics community due to the moderate costs, manageable data amounts and straightforward interpretation of analysis results. While whole-exome and, in the near future, whole-genome sequencing are becoming commodities, data analysis still poses significant challenges and led to the development of a plethora of tools supporting specific parts of the analysis workflow or providing a complete solution. Here, we surveyed 205 tools for whole-genome/whole-exome sequencing data analysis supporting five distinct analytical steps: quality assessment, alignment, variant identification, variant annotation and visualization. We report an overview of the functionality, features and specific requirements of the individual tools. We then selected 32 programs for variant identification, variant annotation and visualization, which were subjected to hands-on evaluation using four data sets: one set of exome data from two patients with a rare disease for testing identification of germline mutations, two cancer data sets for testing variant callers for somatic mutations, copy number variations and structural variations, and one semi-synthetic data set for testing identification of copy number variations. Our comprehensive survey and evaluation of NGS tools provides a valuable guideline for human geneticists working on Mendelian disorders, complex diseases and cancers.
Phosphorylation of caldesmon by p34cdc2 kinase. Identification of phosphorylation sites. (1991)

It has recently been shown that caldesmon from non-muscle (Yamashiro, S., Yamakita, Y., Hosoya, H., and Matsumura, F. (1991) Nature 349, 169-172) and smooth muscle cells (Mak, A. S., Watson, M. H., Litwin, C. M. E., and Wang, J. H. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 6678-6681) can be phosphorylated in vitro by p34cdc2 kinase resulting in the inhibition of caldesmon binding to F-actin and Ca(2+)-calmodulin. In this study, we have identified five phosphorylation sites in smooth muscle caldesmon at Ser582, Ser667, Thr673, Thr696, and Ser702. All the sites bear some resemblance to the S(T)-P-X-X motif recognized by p34cdc2. The preferred site of phosphorylation at Thr673 accounts for about 40% of the total phosphorylation. Four of the sites occur in two pairs of closely spaced sites, Ser667/Thr673 and Thr696/Ser702; phosphorylation of one site in each pair inhibits strongly the phosphorylation of the second site in the same pair, presumably due to the close proximity of the two sites. Similar negative cooperativity in phosphorylation of Ser667 and Thr673 was observed using a 22-residue synthetic peptide containing the two sites. Phosphorylation of Ser667/Thr673 and Thr696/Ser702 account for about 90% of the total level of phosphorylation and these sites are located within the 10-kDa CNBr fragment at the COOH-terminal end of caldesmon known to bind actin and Ca(2+)-calmodulin.
The MHC class I antigen presentation pathway: strategies for viral immune evasion (2003)

Presumably because of the selective pressure exerted by the immune system, many viruses have evolved proteins that interfere with antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. These viruses utilize a whole variety of ingenious strategies to inhibit the MHC class I pathway. Viral proteins have been characterized that exploit bottlenecks in the MHC class I pathway, such as peptide translocation by the transporter associated with antigen processing. Alternatively, viral proteins can cause the degradation or mislocalization of MHC class I molecules. This is often achieved by the subversion of the host cell's own protein degradation and trafficking pathways. As a consequence elucidation of how these viral proteins act to subvert host cell function will continue to give important insights not only into virus-host interactions but also the function and mechanism of cellular pathways.
The origin of breast cancer (2007)

Biological studies confirm that breast cancer is the result of an accumulation of a large number of individual genetic mutations that collectively alter elements of the complex internal signaling system of a cell. These aberrant genetic alterations, when assembled in a single breast cell, disrupt the control system to the extent that the cell functions autonomously in an erratic and irregular manner. Continual replication of a corrupted cell results in the formation of a colony of abnormal cells that may accumulate other aberrant mutations to eventually initiate cancer. What causes these mutations has been the topic of debate over a number of years, but because so many genetic alterations are involved, it is now conceded that one single factor could not possibly initiate all the changes. One plausible explanation involves a sequence of random, accidental, spontaneous mutations during normal stem cell replication. Some of these mutations may be an advantage to the host and their creation advances the functional ability of the breast, whereas abnormal mutations are usually deleted after activation of the complex apoptotic and inhibitory signaling system. When the defense system is corrupted, cells carrying the abnormal genes are able to avoid elimination, eventually passing abnormal mutations from one cell generation to the next. Accumulation of genetic abnormalities, over time, leads to development of a colony of cells that are pathologically abnormal. Biological studies confirm that cultured stem cells are capable of undergoing spontaneous mutations during mitosis, that sex hormones control the rate of mitosis, and that estrogen and progesterone therefore influence the rate that mutations occur. Accumulating the large number of mutations that eventually cause breast cancer can be achieved only if chromosomal abnormalities are carried from one generation of cells to the next to combine with genetic alterations generated spontaneously during stem cell mitosis.
Charge delocalization in pentaammineruthenium(II) complexes. I. Specteal properties, basicities, and charge densities by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharge delocalization in pentaammineruthenium(II) complexes. I. Specteal properties, basicities, and charge densities by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyDavid K. Lavallee and Everly B. FleischerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 8, 2583–2599Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00763a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00763a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An architecture for automatic relational database sytem conversion (1982)

Changes in requirements for database systems necessitate schema restructuring, database translation, and application or query program conversion. An alternative to the lengthy manual revision process is proposed by offering a set of 15 transformations keyed to the relational model of data and the relational algebra. Motivations, examples, and detailed descriptions are provided.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha cooperates with interleukin 3 in the recruitment of a primitive subset of human CD34+ progenitors. (1993)

We have recently demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) potentiates interleukin 3 (IL-3) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced growth of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), and favors the generation of dendritic/Langerhans cells. The stimulatory effect of TNF-alpha was detailed in the present study. Thus, CD34+ HPC entering in cycle (S/G2M) after a 48-h pulse with IL-3 expressed the transferrin receptor (TfR), and fluorescence-activated cell sorter-separated TfR+ HPC, but not TfR-HPC, showed a high proliferative response to IL-3. In contrast, TfR-HPC were found to undergo strong proliferation in response to IL-3 + TNF-alpha. Limiting dilution experiments indicated that TNF-alpha increased both the frequency and the average size of clones generated from TfR-HPC as a result of the development of a higher number of large clones. In contrast, TNF-alpha did not enhance the IL-3-dependent proliferation of TfR+ HPC. Preculturing CD34+ HPC for 48 h with TNF-alpha enhanced the subsequent generation of IL-3-dependent colony-forming units. Precultures with TNF-alpha or cultures with suboptimal doses of TNF-alpha allowed the recruitment of cells with both granulocytic and monocytic differentiation potential. Taken together, our results indicate that TNF-alpha recruits a subpopulation of CD34+ HPC hyposensitive to IL-3, with high proliferative capacity and some features of multipotential progenitors, that are likely to be more primitive than those responding to IL-3 alone.
An Efficient Method for Generation of Transgenic Rats Avoiding Embryo Manipulation (2016)

Although rats are preferred over mice as an animal model, transgenic animals are generated predominantly using mouse embryos. There are limitations in the generation of transgenic rat by embryo manipulation. Unlike mouse embryos, most of the rat embryos do not survive after male pronuclear DNA injection which reduces the efficiency of generation of transgenic rat by this method. More importantly, this method requires hundreds of eggs collected by killing several females for insertion of transgene to generate transgenic rat. To this end, we developed a noninvasive and deathless technique for generation of transgenic rats by integrating transgene into the genome of the spermatogonial cells by testicular injection of DNA followed by electroporation. After standardization of this technique using EGFP as a transgene, a transgenic disease model displaying alpha thalassemia was successfully generated using rats. This efficient method will ease the generation of transgenic rats without killing the lives of rats while simultaneously reducing the number of rats used for generation of transgenic animal.
Survival in vitro of motoneurons identified or purified by novel antibodybased methods is selectively enhanced by muscle-derived factors (1991)

ABSTRACT Motoneurons were identified in vitro by a new method using the SCI monoclonal antibody. They constituted up to 30 % of total neurons in cultures of whole spinal cord from 4.5-day chicken embryos, and survived for at least 5 days in the presence of muscle extract, but not in its absence. By contrast, other neurons and floor-plate cells survived without muscle-derived factors. Motoneurons were purified to homogeneity by ‘panning’ on dishes coated with SCI antibody; they developed rapidly even in the absence of other spinal cells. Concentrations of muscle extract required for half-maximal motoneuron survival were indistinguishable in pure and mixed cultures, suggesting that muscle-derived factors act directly on motoneurons. Other purified growth factors tested, including ciliary neurotrophic factor, did not have the survival-promoting activity of muscle.
Transform Coefficient Coding in HEVC (2012)

This paper describes transform coefficient coding in the draft international standard of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) specification and the driving motivations behind its design. Transform coefficient coding in HEVC encompasses the scanning patterns and coding methods for the last significant coefficient, significance map, coefficient levels, and sign data. Special attention is paid to the new methods of last significant coefficient coding, multilevel significance maps, high-throughput binarization, and sign data hiding. Experimental results are provided to evaluate the performance of transform coefficient coding in HEVC.
Capacity evaluation of multi-channel multi-hop ad hoc networks (2003)

The performance of multi-channel multi-hop ad hoc network is evaluated in the paper. The performances of multi-hop ad hoc network with single channel IEEE 802.11 MAC for different topologies are given. The scaling laws of throughputs for large scale of ad hoc networks are presented. The theoretical guaranteed throughput bound for multi-channel systems for grid topology are proposed. The results will help to choose the proper parameters for multi-hop ad hoc network evaluations.
Solid superacid catalysts (1993)

Superacids are fascinating catalysts. Chemists have created these new compounds in both liquid and solid forms and their extraordinary acid strength makes it easier to carry out difficult reactions under more favorable conditions. For example, the activation of alkanes at low temperatures can be catalyzed by superacids. Conventional superacids, however, have some short-comings. For example, liquid HF has been cited as a potential environmental hazard while the use of AlCl[sub 3] creates a waste stream disposal problem. Therefore, solid superacids may be more attractive for the process industries. Indeed, many synthetic processes could be made more environmentally benign by using solid superacids. Examples are: gasoline alkylate from isobutane and C[sub 3]/C[sub 4] olefins, and a variety of aromatic acylation processes. Current processes are based on the use of HF, AlCl[sub 3], or H[sub 2]SO[sub 4] although in some cases vapor-phase reactions over solid catalysts are used. Recently, heteropolyacids have attracted attention. These superacids are metal oxide clusters and function uniquely in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic reactions. This paper reviews the advantages of heteropolyacids.
Identification of a conserved domain among cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases from diverse species. (1986)

Partial amino acid sequences have been determined for the Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from bovine brain and the cGMP-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from bovine heart. Examination of these sequences for homologous segments and comparison with protein sequences derived from the nucleotide sequences of the yeast PDE2 gene and the Drosophila dunce+ gene [Chen, C.-N., Denome, S. & Davis, R. L. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 9313-9317; Sass, P., Field, J., Nikawa, J., Toda, T. & Wigler, M. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 9303-9307] reveal a 200- to 270-residue segment in each that is homologous to the others. The molecular masses of the four proteins vary from 40 kDa to 105 kDa, and the structural resemblance appears to be constrained to a single segment of each protein. These related segments are proposed to comprise the catalytic domains in this set of enzymes. The lack of absolute sequence identity between the two bovine enzymes shows that they are unique gene products that are not produced by alternative processing of a larger protein or of a single mRNA precursor. The data also strongly support the conclusion that the dunce+ gene locus of Drosophila and the PDE2 gene locus in yeast code for structural genes of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases.
Classification of arterial and venous cerebral vasculature based on wavelet postprocessing of CT perfusion data (2016)

A new method to classify arterial and venous cerebral vessels with high statistical accuracy was introduced based on the time-domain wavelet transform of dynamic CT perfusion data in combination with linear or nonlinear multidimensional classification techniques.
Inhibition of dexamethasone-induced cytoskeletal changes in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells by tetrahydrocortisol. (1996)

Tetrahydrocortisol was not a glucocorticoid antagonist at the level of the classical glucocorticoid receptor and did not appear to antagonize systemically mediated glucocorticoid activity in the rat. Tetrahydrocortisol inhibited DEX-induced changes in the TM microfilaments and microtubules. These results may explain partially the IOP lowering activity of THF because glucocorticoid-mediated changes in the TM cytoskeleton have been proposed to be involved in the generation of ocular hypertension.