gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Cyclability of ZnO Electrodes through Microstructural Design (2019)

Secondary zinc/zinc oxide electrodes have traditionally suffered from electrochemically driven material redistribution during recharge, leading to cell failure through short circuits or compromised transport pathways. Maintaining a homogeneous current density by increasing connectivity in an electrode has been shown to limit material redistribution and delay capacity loss during cycling. In this work, we demonstrate that microstructures derived from spinodal decomposition can enable a more uniform current density within the electrode and mitigate the loss mechanisms associated with material redistribution, due to their unique topological characteristics. We first present 2D simulations showing that spinodal structures are able to maintain better connectivity and a more uniform distribution of current densities during one full discharge than their stochastically derived analogs. Inspired by these results, we synthesize zinc electrodes with spinodal-like morphology and compare their cycling performance to powder-derived stochastic analogs, up to a depth of discharge competitive with commercial Li-ion technology. Our synthesis protocol is based on soft matter templating techniques recently developed in our laboratory. While the stochastic electrodes lose their entire capacity in 40 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles, the spinodal-like structures maintain >90% of their original capacity over the same cycling duty and show significant improvement in lifetime to approximately 100 cycles. Ex-situ SEM observations show that material redistribution is effectively delayed in the spinodally derived electrodes, which we attribute to more uniform current densities during cycling as motivated by our simulations. Our findings establish a facile strategy based solely on microstructural design to improve the cyclability of zinc oxide electrodes.
Recommending API methods based on identifier contexts (2011)

Reuse recommendation systems suggest functions or code snippets that are useful for the programming task at hand within the IDE. These systems utilize different aspects from the context of the cursor position within the source file being edited for inferring which functionality is needed next. Current approaches are based on structural information like inheritance relations or type/method usages. We propose a novel method that utilizes the knowledge embodied in the identifiers as a basis for the recommendation of API methods. This approach has the advantage that relevant recommendations can also be made in cases where no methods are called in the context or if contexts use distinct but semantically similar types or methods. First experiments show, that the correct method is recommended in about one quarter to one third of the cases.
Extension of CQL over Dynamic Databases (2020)

Abstract: CQL, Continuous Query Language is suitable for data stream queries. Sometimes it is better if the queries operate on relational databases and data streams simultaneously. The execution of a CQL query takes a long time (several hours, days or even more). It is not clear what kind of semantics is suitable for the user when the database is updated during the execution of a CQL query. In this paper we give a short description of CQL, a characterization of update-problems, and we offer possible suggestions for the semantic extension of CQL. After the expansion, the CQL would be suitable for solving much more practical problems. The parallel usage of continuous data streams and updatable databases would be settled.
Importance of age in chronic hepatitis C virus infection (1997)

This study was designed to investigate the value of liver biopsy in the management of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and to identify risk factors for fibrosis. It was a prospective audit of clinical, biochemical, virological and radiological features for predicting liver fibrosis in 140 consecutive patients seropositive for antibody against hepatitis C virus. Seventy-five per cent of patients were asymptomatic and 69% had no clinical signs of chronic liver disease. Serum transaminase levels were normal in 44% of patients, less than twice normal in 35% and more than twice normal in 21%. Ultrasound scan was unremarkable in 85%. Sixty-nine per cent of patients were viraemic at the time of liver biopsy. Liver histology revealed that fibrosis was absent in only 10% of patients (stage 0) while cirrhosis was evident in 7% (stage 5). Liver fibrosis was detected in 90% of patients (stage 1, 11%; stage 2, 41%; stage 3, 21%; and stage 4, 10%). Univariate analysis showed that increasing age, clinical signs of chronic liver disease and abnormal ultrasound scan findings were associated with liver fibrosis (P<0.05); however, multiple linear regression analysis of all the clinical features did not reveal a useful model (sensitivity 42% and specificity 23%) for predicting liver fibrosis. Hence, no combination of clinical, biochemical, virological or radiological data was reliable in discriminating the stage of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. However, older patients, especially those with clinical signs of chronic liver disease and abnormal ultrasound scan findings, were more likely to have advanced fibrosis. We recommend liver biopsy as the single most important investigation in detecting liver fibrosis.
Functional domains on von Willebrand factor. Recognition of discrete tryptic fragments by monoclonal antibodies that inhibit interaction of von Willebrand factor with platelets and with collagen. (1984)

We have identified two functional domains on the von Willebrand factor (VWF) moiety of the Factor VIII-von Willebrand factor complex (FVIII-VWF), one interacting with blood platelets, and one interacting with vessel wall collagens, by means of two monoclonal antibodies directed against the VWF molecule, CLB-RAg 35 and CLB-RAg 201. The monoclonal antibody CLB-RAg 35 inhibited virtually all platelet adherence to artery subendothelium and to purified vessel wall collagen type III, at relatively high wall shear rates. CLB-RAg 35 also inhibited the ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and the binding of FVIII-VWF to the platelet in the presence of ristocetin but did not affect the binding of FVIII-VWF to collagen. The monoclonal antibody CLB-RAg 201 inhibited the binding of FVIII-VWF to purified vessel wall collagen type I and III and all platelet adherence to collagen type III and the platelet adherence to subendothelium that was mediated by FVIII-VWF in plasma. The two functional domains on FVIII-VWF that were recognized by CLB-RAg 35 and CLB-RAg 201 were identified by means of immunoprecipitation studies of trypsin-digested FVIII-VWF. The domains resided on different polypeptide fragments, with a Mr of 48,000 for the collagen binding domain and a Mr of 116,000 for the platelet binding domain. The 116,000-mol wt fragment consisted of subunits of 52,000/56,000 mol wt and 14,000 mol wt after reduction. The 52,000/56,000-mol wt subunits possessed the epitope for CLB-RAg 35.
Structural, electrical, and optical properties of p-type ZnO thin films with Ag dopant (2006)

p -type ZnO films have been fabricated on a (0001) Al2O3 substrate, using Ag2O as a silver dopant by pulsed laser deposition. The structural property of those films is systematically characterized by observing the shift of (0002) peak to investigate the substitution of Ag+ for Zn+. Narrow deposition temperature for Ag-doped p-type ZnO films has been obtained in the range of 200–250°C with the hole concentration of 4.9×1016–6.0×1017cm−3. A neutral acceptor bound exciton has been clearly observed by photoluminescence emitted at 3.317eV in Ag-doped p-type ZnO thin films.
Alogliptin plus voglibose in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label, long-term extension (2011)

Addition of once daily alogliptin to voglibose monotherapy in Japanese patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes produced clinically significant improvements in glycemic control, and was well tolerated.
Rotated TCM systems with dual transmit and multiple receive antennas on Nakagami fading channels (2002)

This paper analyzes the bit-error rate performance of a dual transmission-multiple reception antenna system in conjunction with a rotated trellis-coded modulation scheme over Nakagami fading channels. A simple way to combine the exact calculation of the pairwise error event probability with the transfer function bounding techniques is described. This approach allows us to evaluate an extremely tight theoretical upper bound on the average bit-error probability. The parameters which dominate the performance of these transmission schemes on fading channels are extracted from this evaluation. Optimum adaptive and fixed-phase rotations have been calculated, showing that most of the power efficiency obtained by using the optimum adaptive-phase rotation can be retained by using the optimum fixed-phase rotation.
The Hadoop Distributed File System (2010)

The Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is designed to store very large data sets reliably, and to stream those data sets at high bandwidth to user applications. In a large cluster, thousands of servers both host directly attached storage and execute user application tasks. By distributing storage and computation across many servers, the resource can grow with demand while remaining economical at every size. We describe the architecture of HDFS and report on experience using HDFS to manage 25 petabytes of enterprise data at Yahoo!.
Chromosome 16 tumor‐suppressor genes in breast cancer (2006)

Loss of heterozygosity on the long arm of chromosome 16 is one of the most frequent genetic events in breast cancer, suggesting the presence of one or more classic tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs). It has been shown that E-cadherin is the TSG on 16q in lobular tumors. In a search for the target genes in more frequently occurring low-grade nonlobular tumors, the smallest region of overlap (SRO) in this area of the genome has been exhaustively searched for. However, the results have demonstrated remarkable complexity, and so a clear consensus on identification of the SRO boundaries has not been reached. Several genes in the vicinity of these SROs have been scrutinized as putative TSGs in breast cancer, but so far, none has fulfilled the criteria for target genes. This review discusses the complexity of the 16q region and the different approaches that have been, are being, and will be used to detect the target genes in this area.
Transcranial optical monitoring of cerebrovascular hemodynamics in acute stroke patients (2009)

"Diffuse correlation spectroscopy" (DCS) is a technology for non-invasive transcranial measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) that can be hybridized with "near-infrared spectroscopy" (NIRS). Taken together these methods hold potential for monitoring hemodynamics in stroke patients. We explore the utility of DCS and NIRS to measure effects of head-of-bed (HOB) positioning at 30 degrees , 15 degrees , 0 degrees , -5 degrees and 0 degrees angles in patients with acute ischemic stroke affecting frontal cortex and in controls. HOB positioning significantly altered CBF, oxy-hemoglobin (HbO(2)) and total-hemoglobin (THC) concentrations. Moreover, the presence of an ipsilateral infarct was a significant effect for all parameters. Results are consistent with the notion of impaired CBF autoregulation in the infarcted hemisphere.
Semi-supervised Sequence Learning (2015)

We present two approaches that use unlabeled data to improve sequence learning with recurrent networks. The first approach is to predict what comes next in a sequence, which is a conventional language model in natural language processing. The second approach is to use a sequence autoencoder, which reads the input sequence into a vector and predicts the input sequence again. These two algorithms can be used as a "pretraining" step for a later supervised sequence learning algorithm. In other words, the parameters obtained from the unsupervised step can be used as a starting point for other supervised training models. In our experiments, we find that long short term memory recurrent networks after being pretrained with the two approaches are more stable and generalize better. With pretraining, we are able to train long short term memory recurrent networks up to a few hundred timesteps, thereby achieving strong performance in many text classification tasks, such as IMDB, DBpedia and 20 Newsgroups.
Rapid Access to Multiple Classes of Peptidomimetics from Common γ‐AApeptide Building Blocks (2014)

Abstract Herein we report a highly efficient new method for preparing γ‐AApeptides capable of theoretically containing any functionality; the method uses a few common N ‐alloc γ‐AApeptide building blocks. More importantly, using the same approach, new classes of peptidomimetics bearing novel backbone scaffolds can also be readily generated. Our results not only demonstrate the versatility of this new synthetic method, but also highlight the possibility that the resulting novel peptidomimetics may find discrete biomedical/biomaterial applications in the future.
Impaired Anti-Viral T Cell Responses Due to Expression of the LY49A Inhibitory Receptor (1999)

Inhibitory receptors specific for alleles of MHC class I proteins play an important role in determining the reactivity and specificity of NK cells. To determine whether these receptors are also able to regulate T cell functions, we have studied anti-viral immune responses in mice transgenic for a class I-specific inhibitory receptor, Ly49A. Although nontransgenic mice express Ly49A primarily on NK cells and some T cells, the Ly49A transgenic mice express Ly49A on all lymphocytes, including T cells. We have assessed the activation, expansion, cytokine production, and cytotoxic activity of CD8 T cells in both transgenic and nontransgenic mice following infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. As expected, nontransgenic mice made a potent virus-specific CD8 T cell response following virus infection. However, as measured in cytolysis assays and by cytokine production, virus-specific CD8 T cell activity was reduced in Ly49A transgenic mice. This inhibition was largely, but not always exclusively, dependent upon the presence, either in vivo or in vitro, of the Ly49A ligand, H-2Dd. Strikingly Ly49A transgenic mice have reduced capacity to control infection with the virulent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus variant clone 13. Overall, these studies demonstrate that expression of killer inhibitory receptors can modulate anti-viral T cell responses in vivo and in vitro.
An analysis of the AskMSR question-answering system (2002)

We describe the architecture of the AskMSR question answering system and systematically evaluate contributions of different system components to accuracy. The system differs from most question answering systems in its dependency on data redundancy rather than sophisticated linguistic analyses of either questions or candidate answers. Because a wrong answer is often worse than no answer, we also explore strategies for predicting when the question answering system is likely to give an incorrect answer.
IL-15 augments CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity against Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice (1996)

Cytokines of the Th1 profile are important mediators of protective host immunity against Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. In this study we describe the effect of the recently identified cytokine, IL-15, on prevention of murine infection with T. gondii. Administration of exogenous rIL-15 with soluble Toxoplasma lysate Ag (TLA) provides complete protection against a lethal parasite challenge, whereas treatment with either rIL-15 or TLA alone is not protective. Following immunization with TLA/rIL-15, there is a significant proliferation of splenocytes expressing the CD8+ phenotype in response to TLA. A significant rise in the level of serum IFN gamma was observed in vaccinated mice. Adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, from TLA/rIL-15-vaccinated mice protects naive mice from a lethal parasite challenge. These CD8+ T cells exhibit enhanced CTL activity against target macrophages infected with T. gondii. Mice that have been immunized are protected against lethal parasite challenge for at least 1 mo postvaccination. These observations demonstrate that TLA when administered with exogenous rIL-15 generates toxoplasmacidal Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. These T cells proliferate upon exposure to parasite Ag, exhibit long term memory CTL against infected target cells, and may be involved in host immune memory to this parasite.
Recognition of Uncharged Polyamide-Linked Nucleic Acid Analogs by DNA Polymerases and Reverse Transcriptases (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTRecognition of Uncharged Polyamide-Linked Nucleic Acid Analogs by DNA Polymerases and Reverse TranscriptasesMichael J. Lutz, Steven A. Benner, Silvia Hein, Gerhard Breipohl, and Eugen UhlmannView Author Information Department of Chemistry Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Universitätstrasse 16 CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland Hoechst AG, HMR Pharma Research G838 D-65926 Frankfurt, Germany Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 13, 3177–3178Publication Date (Web):April 2, 1997Publication History Received28 October 1996Published online2 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9637457Copyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (83 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Deformation,Genetics,Nucleic acids,Peptides and proteins,Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Get e-Alerts
Expression, bioactivity, and clinical assessment of recombinant feline erythropoietin (2004)

Treatment with rfEPO can reestablish active erythropoiesis in most cats with CKD, even those with anemia attributable to rhEPO-induced RCA. Unfortunately, development of RCA during treatment with CHO cell-derived recombinant erythropoietin proteins was not eliminated as a serious safety concern, even for this feline-specific preparation.
Cyclosporin versus Etretinate: Italian Multicenter Comparative Trial in Severe Plaque-Form Psoriasis (1993)

Seventy-six patients with severe diffuse plaque-form psoriasis and a baseline PASI score > or = 18 were enrolled in a randomized open study comparing cyclosporin 5 mg/kg/day (36 patients) with etretinate 0.75 reduced to 0.5 mg/kg/day (40 patients) over a period of 3 months (phase 1). The rate, severity and time to relapse after the withdrawal of therapy in the 54 patients achieving remission were evaluated over the following 6 months (phase 2). Twelve of these patients entered an open, uncontrolled phase aimed at defining the safety and the strategy of cyclosporin 2.5-5 mg/kg/day maintenance therapy over a further period of 9 months (phase 3). Patient tolerability, laboratory parameters and blood pressure were carefully monitored every week for the first 3 months and then monthly. The only concomitant therapy allowed was white petrolatum. Not only the number (35/36 vs. 29/40) but also the speed of remission (20/36 vs. 1/40 at the fourth week of treatment) was higher in the cyclosporin than in the etretinate group. Both the tolerability and safety of cyclosporin proved to be adequate for short-term treatment, all altered clinical or laboratory parameters being completely reversible after the withdrawal of therapy. Only 1 of the 36 patients in the cyclosporin group prematurely stopped taking the medication because of an adverse reaction, as against 7/40 in the etretinate group (1 case of inefficacy, 1 case of adverse reaction and 5 cases of non-compliance). Six months after the discontinuation of the trial drugs, relapses occurred in 13/29 patients in the cyclosporin group and in 3/25 in the etretinate group; no 'rebound' was observed in any of the relapsing patients. Long-term cyclosporin treatment was both efficacious and well tolerated. In conclusion, cyclosporin at doses of 2.5-5 mg/kg/day administered to reliable, carefully selected patients closely monitored in terms of both clinical and laboratory parameters currently produces the quickest and more constantly favourable results in patients with severe psoriasis.
A Device/Aid-Based Strategy for Training M1 Tank Gunnery in the Army National Guard (1991)

Training devices and aids can help overcome constraints to on-tank gunnery training in the Army National Guard. This report describes a strategy for using devices and aids to train gunnery. The training strategy is divided into five components, each of which refers to a general problem in training: (1) Identification/organization of training objectives. Training objectives for the device/aid-based training strategy were derived from on-tank exercises described by the Tank Combat Tables, Fm 17-12-1 (Department of the Army, 1988b). (2) Assignment of training devices/aids to the objectives. Training devices and aids were assigned to the four phases of training by matching performance requirements of the combat tables to the capabilities of the training devices/ aids. (3) Allocation of training time to the devices/aids. (4) Specification of instructional content. (5) Overall management of training on devices and aids.
Insulin Resistance and Insulin Secretory Dysfunction as Precursors of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Prospective Studies of Pima Indians (1993)

Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for the development of NIDDM: A low acute insulin response to glucose is an additional but weaker risk factor.
Implementation experience with MANET routing protocols (2002)

This paper outlines our experience with the implementation and deployment of two MANET routing protocols on a five node, four hop, network. The work was prompted by the lack of published results concerning the issues associated with the implementation of MANET routing protocols on actual wireless networks, as opposed to results of simulation experiments. We examined implementations of two distance vector MANET routing protocols and found a number of problems with both protocols during the course of our experiments. The most significant was that neither protocol could provide a stable route over any multi-hop network connection. The route discovery process of both protocols is fooled by the transient availability of network links to nodes that were more than one hop away. Packets transmitted over a fading channel cause the routing protocol to conclude incorrectly that there is a new one hop neighbor that could provide a lower metric (hop count) route to even more distant nodes. This can occur even when nodes are stationary, mobility resulted in even less route stability. We implemented a simple signal strength based neighbor selection procedure to test our assertion that fading channels and unreliable network links were the cause of the failure of the routing protocols. The result was that neighbor discovery and the filtering for neighbors with which nodes could communicate reliably enables the creation of reliable multihop routes. Based on our experiences, we outline several recommendations for future work in MANET research.