gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-scale separation of lipids from organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls using a polymeric high-performance liquid chromatographic column (1986)

The separation of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls from a high concentration of lipid has been achieved using a polymeric column designed for high-performance liquid chromatography. The method, which can be used as a clean-up step in residue analysis procedures, has a high lipid capacity but low solvent consumption. Recoveries of both lipid and selected organochlorine compounds were routinely over 90% at p.p.m. levels.
Bone Marrow Transplants from Unrelated Donors for Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (1998)

Transplantation of marrow from an HLA-matched, unrelated donor is safe and effective therapy for selected patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.
The nucleotide and partial amino acid sequences of rat fetuin (1992)

Fetuins are among the major plasma proteins, yet their biological role has remained elusive. Here we report the molecular cloning of rat fetuin and the sequence analysis of a full-length clone, RF619 of 1456 bp with an open reading frame of 1056 bp encoding 352 amino acid residues. The coding part of RF619 was identical with the cDNA sequence of the natural inhibitor of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase from rat (pp63) except for four substitutions and a single base insertion causing divergence of the predicted protein sequences. Partial amino acid sequences of rat plasma fetuin were in agreement with the predictions based on the RF619 cDNA. Purified rat fetuin inhibited the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase in vitro. Therefore, we conclude that RF619 and pp63 cDNA encode the same protein, i.e. authentic rat fetuin which is a functional tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Terpenes Arrest Parasite Development and Inhibit Biosynthesis of Isoprenoids inPlasmodium falciparum (2004)

Development of new drugs is one of the strategies for malaria control. The biosynthesis of several isoprenoids in Plasmodium falciparum was recently described. Interestingly, some intermediates and final products biosynthesized by this pathway in mammals differ from those biosynthesized in P. falciparum. These facts prompted us to evaluate various terpenes, molecules with a similar chemical structure to the intermediates of the isoprenoids pathway, as potential antimalarial drugs. Different terpenes and S-farnesylthiosalicylic acid were tested on cultures of the intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum, and the 50% inhibitory concentrations for each one were found: farnesol, 64 microM; nerolidol, 760 nM; limonene, 1.22 mM; linalool, 0.28 mM; and S-farnesylthiosalicylic acid, 14 microM. All the terpenes tested inhibited dolichol biosynthesis in the trophozoite and schizont stages when [1-(n)-(3)H]farnesyl pyrophosphate triammonium salt ([(3)H]FPP) was used as precursor. Farnesol, nerolidol, and linalool showed stronger inhibitory activity on the biosynthesis of the isoprenic side chain of the benzoquinone ring of ubiquinones in the schizont stage. Treatment of schizont stages with S-farnesylthiosalicylic acid led to a decrease in intensity of the band corresponding a p21(ras) protein. The inhibitory effect of terpenes and S-farnesylthiosalicylic acid on the biosynthesis of both dolichol and the isoprenic side chain of ubiquinones and the isoprenylation of proteins in the intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum appears to be specific, because overall protein biosynthesis was not affected. Combinations of some terpenes or S-farnesylthiosalicylic acid tested in this work with other antimalarial drugs, like fosmidomycin, could be a new strategy for the treatment of malaria.
Verapamil-induced improvement in left ventricular diastolic filling and increased exercise tolerance in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: short- and long-term effects. (1985)

Verapamil improves exercise tolerance and decreases symptoms in many patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The mechanisms responsible for these effects are not completely understood, although previous studies indicate that verapamil enhances left ventricular relaxation and diastolic filling in such patients. To investigate the association between changes in left ventricular filling and exercise tolerance after verapamil, we studied 55 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by radionuclide angiography and graded treadmill testing before and after 1 to 4 weeks of therapy with orally administered verapamil, 320 to 640 mg/d. The verapamil-induced increase in peak left ventricular filling rate at rest (from 3.1 +/- 1.3 to 3.7 +/- 1.3 end-diastolic volumes/sec; p less than .001) was associated with an increase in exercise tolerance (from 5.9 +/- 3.6 to 8.7 +/- 4.7 min; p less than .001); exercise capacity increased in 34 of 43 patients (79%) manifesting an increase in peak filling rate but only one of 12 patients (8%) with unchanged or decreased peak filling rate (p less than .001). This initial trend persisted in 25 patients studied after 1 year of therapy; 11 of 16 patients (69%) with a persistent increase in peak filling rate had persistent improvement in exercise tolerance relative to preverapamil values, compared with only one of nine patients (11%) in whom peak filling rate was unchanged or decreased relative to preverapamil levels (p less than .02). Verapamil withdrawal after 1 to 2 years in 24 patients resulted in reduction in peak filling rate (p less than .001) and was associated with deterioration in exercise tolerance in 17 patients (71%). Hence, verapamil-induced changes in left ventricular peak filling rate were associated significantly with objective symptomatic improvement. These data support the concept that enhanced left ventricular diastolic filling is an important mechanism contributing to the clinical improvement experienced by many patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy during therapy with verapamil.
The Microbe-Free Plant: Fact or Artifact? (2011)

Plant-microbe interactions are ubiquitous. Plants are threatened by pathogens, but they are even more commonly engaged in neutral or mutualistic interactions with microbes: belowground microbial plant associates are mycorrhizal fungi, Rhizobia, and plant-growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria, aboveground plant parts are colonized by internally living bacteria and fungi (endophytes) and by microbes in the phyllosphere (epiphytes). We emphasize here that a completely microbe-free plant is an exotic exception rather than the biologically relevant rule. The complex interplay of such microbial communities with the host-plant affects multiple vital parameters such as plant nutrition, growth rate, resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, and plant survival and distribution. The mechanisms involved reach from direct ones such as nutrient acquisition, the production of plant hormones, or direct antibiosis, to indirect ones that are mediated by effects on host resistance genes or via interactions at higher trophic levels. Plant-associated microbes are heterotrophic and cause costs to their host plant, whereas the benefits depend on the current environment. Thus, the outcome of the interaction for the plant host is highly context dependent. We argue that considering the microbe-free plant as the "normal" or control stage significantly impairs research into important phenomena such as (1) phenotypic and epigenetic plasticity, (2) the "normal" ecological outcome of a given interaction, and (3) the evolution of plants. For the future, we suggest cultivation-independent screening methods using direct PCR from plant tissue of more than one fungal and bacterial gene to collect data on the true microbial diversity in wild plants. The patterns found could be correlated to host species and environmental conditions, in order to formulate testable hypotheses on the biological roles of plant endophytes in nature. Experimental approaches should compare different host-endophyte combinations under various relevant environmental conditions and study at the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and physiological level the parameters that cause the interaction to shift along the mutualism-parasitism continuum.
The usefulness of geophone ground-coupling experiments to seismic data (2000)

Abstract Ground-coupling devices measure local conditions around a geophone and are therefore useful for geophone design. For purposes of gathering seismic data, the data from local ground-coupling experiments must be related to seismic data. In particular, the geophysicist wants to know whether a local measurement could help in detecting a ground-coupling problem or in correcting the seismic data for it. Two sets of field experiments have been carried out to investigate these effects. Our experimental data of coupling-measurement devices show that the behavior of well-planted spiked geophones is determined by shear along the spike, while the behavior of poorly planted geophones is determined by its weight. However, when a link is established between the data from a coupling-measurement device to seismic data, it becomes clear that the usefulness of this device for predicting problematic ground-coupling phenomena in seismic data is very limited.
Characterization of micromachined piezoelectric PZT force sensors for dynamic scanning force microscopy (1997)

The key component for the piezoelectric scanning force microscopy (SFM) is the piezoelectric force-sensing microcantilever. In this article, the resonance frequency and quality factor of Pb(Ti,Zr)O3 (PZT) microcantilevers; effective Young’s modulus and piezoelectric Pb(Ti,Zr)O3 property of PZT layer of piezoelectric microcantilevers are discussed. The PZT microcantilevers after poling have quality factors such as 204 to 248 in air, and 608 to 1094 in vacuum. The calculated spring constants are in the range of 1.0–30.0 N/m for cantilevers with 0.64–1.7-μm-thick PZT layer and 125–300 μm length. The force sensitivity and resolution of the PZT microcantilever are studied when it is oscillated by an external oscillator and applied to the cyclic contact SFM. Then the real transverse piezoelectric coefficient d31 of piezoelectric PZT thin films is derived from the measured sensitivity and effective Young’s modulus. The derived effective Young’s moduli of PZT layers slightly increases from 53.5 to 58 GPa as the thickness of the PZT layer increases. The d31 is around −35 pC/N which is about 8 times larger than the value of ZnO, and half the value of bulk PZT ceramics. The sensitivity of 0.98 fC/nm can be obtained by PZT force sensors. The longitudinal resolution obtained is 1.5 Å at a bandwidth of 125 Hz. Cantilevers with proper characteristics for different applications can be predicted, designed, and fabricated via the adjustment of the thickness ratio of each layer and the total thickness of the cantilever. Very clear images of an evaporated Au film on a smooth glass plate are obtained by an SFM with a PZT force sensor.
The therapeutic promise of the cancer stem cell concept (2010)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that selectively possess tumor initiation and self-renewal capacity and the ability to give rise to bulk populations of nontumorigenic cancer cell progeny through differentiation. As we discuss here, they have been prospectively identified in several human malignancies, and their relative abundance in clinical cancer specimens has been correlated with malignant disease progression in human patients. Furthermore, recent findings suggest that clinical cancer progression driven by CSCs may contribute to the failure of existing therapies to consistently eradicate malignant tumors. Therefore, CSC-directed therapeutic approaches might represent translationally relevant strategies to improve clinical cancer therapy, in particular for those malignancies that are currently refractory to conventional anticancer agents directed predominantly at tumor bulk populations.
INDEX project: user support for buying QoS with regard to user's preferences (2002)

Shows that the selection of a quality of service (QoS) becomes a difficult task for the user when he is faced with different prices for different QoSs. Even if the user is only facing a best-effort service, he might be unable to determine the minimal-cost selection of bandwidth. This article shows that the user needs support to get the best service regarding his personal situation. The mechanisms we use for such a personalized support tool (intelligent agent) are described. In addition, the concept of a QoS architecture focusing on this problem is developed in order to show how the agent fits into a QoS framework. The context where this investigation takes place is the INDEX (INternet Demand EXperiment) project, a testbed for examining the user's demand and willingness to pay for different QoSs.
Identification of human preformed antibody targets in GTKO pigs (2012)

These experiments indicate that several membrane antigens in GTKO pigs could be recognized directly by human IgG or IgM. Further studies on the contribution of these antigens to antibody-mediated xenograft rejection are necessary.
High levels of circulating beta-amyloid peptide do not cause cerebral beta-amyloidosis in transgenic mice. (1996)

We have established transgenic mice that constitutively overproduce the signal sequence and the 99-amino-acid carboxyl-terminal region of the human beta-amyloid precursor protein. The transgenic mice strongly expressed the transgene in multiple tissues under the control of a cytomegalovirus enhancer/chick beta-actin promoter. There were exceptionally high levels of beta-amyloid peptides in the plasma (approximately 17 times or more compared with the human plasma level). Although some transgenic mice from one founder line developed amyloidosis in the intestine, no neuropathology was found in transgenic mice up to age 29 months. Given the absence of cerebral beta-amyloidosis despite extremely high levels of circulating beta-amyloid peptides in the transgenic mice, the results suggest that local cerebral metabolism of beta-amyloid precursor protein may play a predominant role in cerebral beta-amyloidosis in transgenic mice. Such transgenic mice may be useful for the investigation of the etiology of the disease and for the establishment of therapeutic strategies.
Stability of immunoreactive beta-core fragment of hCG. (1991)

The beta core fragment of hCG (beta C-hCG) accounts for a large proportion of hCG immunoreactivity in the urine of pregnant women. It is often increased in the urine of patients with gynecologic tumors and may become an important diagnostic tool in early pregnancy and cancers. Despite the importance of beta C-hCG, little is known about its stability in urine under conditions of differing pH and temperature. This study examined the effect of repeated freeze-thaw cycles; storage at room temperature, 4C, and -20 C over several months; and the effect of alteration of urine pH. The two specific immunoassays for beta C-hCG used do not significantly cross-react with intact hCG or the free alpha subunit. Despite different cross-reactivities of the antibodies to the free beta subunit and higher immunoactivity when the radioimmunoassay was used, there was excellent correlation between the two assays in pregnancy urine. This suggests that there is little free beta subunit in urine from pregnant women. In addition, this study evaluated the stability of intact hCG and beta-hCG under identical conditions. No alterations in their immunoactivities were found under most conditions of storage. It is concluded that, for clinical purposes, beta C-hCG as well as intact hCG and free beta subunit are very stable molecules.
Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of pH, Time-Based and Enzyme-Degradable Pellets for Colonic Drug Delivery (2007)

The preparation of pH-dependent, time-based and enzyme degradable pellets was investigated for use as an oral colonic drug delivery system. It was expected that drug would be released immediately once the pellets reached the colon. The pellets were prepared using extrusion-spheronizing equipment and subsequently coated with three layers of three functional polymers by an air-suspension technique. The core consisted of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) as a model drug, CaP as an enzyme-degradable material and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as an additive. As far as the three coated layers were concerned, the outer layer was coated with Eudragit L30D-55 for protection against gastrointestinal juices, the intermediate layer was coated with ethylcellulose (EC) to inhibit drug release during passage through the small intestine, and the inner film was coated with pectin for swelling and enzyme-degradation, which required a 30, 10, and 12% weight gain, respectively. Several micromeritic properties of the core pellets, including particle size distribution, particle size, degree of circularity, and friability, were evaluated to investigate the effects of the formulations of the cores and preparation conditions. Also, dissolution testing of the cores showed that the presence of calcium pectinate (CaP) markedly increased the drug release rate from the cores, as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In-vitro release studies indicated that the coated pellets completely protected the drug release in 0.1 mol/L HCl, while the drug release was delayed for 3-4 hr in pH 6.8 PBS. A synergistic effect of enzyme dependence for the coated pellets was seen following removal of the coated layer and during contact with colonic enzymes. Consequently, it was possible to achieve colon-specific drug delivery using this triple-dependence system.
Enterotoxins and ion transport (1984)

Conference Article| April 01 1984 Enterotoxins and ion transport MRINALINI C. RAO; MRINALINI C. RAO 1The University of Chicago, Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, 950 East 59th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MICHAEL FIELD MICHAEL FIELD 1The University of Chicago, Department of Medicine and of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, 950 East 59th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1984) 12 (2): 177–180. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0120177 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation MRINALINI C. RAO, MICHAEL FIELD; Enterotoxins and ion transport. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1984; 12 (2): 177–180. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0120177 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: CT, cholera toxin, LT, heat-labile toxin, Ns, GTP-binding regulatory protein (of adenylate cyclase), PD, potential difference, STA, methanol-soluble heat-stable toxin, STB, methanol-insoluble heat-stable toxin This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Biochemical Society1984 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Fine-Scale Variation and Genetic Determinants of Alternative Splicing across Individuals (2009)

Recently, thanks to the increasing throughput of new technologies, we have begun to explore the full extent of alternative pre-mRNA splicing (AS) in the human transcriptome. This is unveiling a vast layer of complexity in isoform-level expression differences between individuals. We used previously published splicing sensitive microarray data from lymphoblastoid cell lines to conduct an in-depth analysis on splicing efficiency of known and predicted exons. By combining publicly available AS annotation with a novel algorithm designed to search for AS, we show that many real AS events can be detected within the usually unexploited, speculative majority of the array and at significance levels much below standard multiple-testing thresholds, demonstrating that the extent of cis-regulated differential splicing between individuals is potentially far greater than previously reported. Specifically, many genes show subtle but significant genetically controlled differences in splice-site usage. PCR validation shows that 42 out of 58 (72%) candidate gene regions undergo detectable AS, amounting to the largest scale validation of isoform eQTLs to date. Targeted sequencing revealed a likely causative SNP in most validated cases. In all 17 incidences where a SNP affected a splice-site region, in silico splice-site strength modeling correctly predicted the direction of the micro-array and PCR results. In 13 other cases, we identified likely causative SNPs disrupting predicted splicing enhancers. Using Fst and REHH analysis, we uncovered significant evidence that 2 putative causative SNPs have undergone recent positive selection. We verified the effect of five SNPs using in vivo minigene assays. This study shows that splicing differences between individuals, including quantitative differences in isoform ratios, are frequent in human populations and that causative SNPs can be identified using in silico predictions. Several cases affected disease-relevant genes and it is likely some of these differences are involved in phenotypic diversity and susceptibility to complex diseases.
A new carbene based heterobifunctional reagent Photochemical crosslinking of aldolase (1987)

The synthesis of a new photoactivatable heterobifunctional crosslinking reagent, the N-oxysuccinimide ester of 2-carboxy-9-diazofluorene, is described. The ability of the parent chromophore 2-carbomethoxy-9-diazofluorene to insert into cyclohexane and methanol has been established. The reagent has been linked to aldolase and the stoichiometry determined. Photolysis of the probe-linked aldolase indicated that photolysis was very rapid and that the photolysed product was constituted of crosslinked dimer, trimer and tetramer. Increase in concentration of probe linked to aldolase followed by photolysis gave rise to largely tetramer and higher oligomers of aldolase. The use of this carbene-based reagent vis a vis arylazide-based reagent for studying protein crosslinking is discussed.
Pharmacologic and Toxicologic Evaluation of C. novyi-NT Spores (2005)

Clostridium novyi-NT (C. novyi-NT) spores have been shown to be potent therapeutic agents in experimental tumors of mice and rabbits. In the present study, pharmacologic and toxicologic studies were performed to better understand the factors influencing the efficacy and toxicity of this form of therapy. We found that spores were rapidly cleared from the circulation by the reticuloendothelial system. Even after large doses were administered, no clinical toxicity was observed in healthy mice or rabbits. The spores were also not toxic in mice harboring poorly vascularized non-neoplastic lesions, including myocardial infarcts. In tumor-bearing mice, toxicity appeared related to tumor size and spore dose, as expected with any bacterial infection. However, there was no laboratory or histopathologic evidence of sepsis, and the toxicity could be effectively controlled by simple hydration.
Rapid modification of graphite electrodes by surface-bound chromium complexes: preparation of an electrode for direct (unmediated) electrochemistry of the ‘blue’ copper protein, plastocyanin (1985)

The contrasting substitutional reactivities of chromium(II) have been exploited electrochemically to incorporate stable chromium(III) complexes at the surface C–O functional groups of ‘edge’ oriented pyrolytic graphite: the modified electrode binds the ‘blue’ copper protein plastocyanin reversibly, promoting persistent and well-behaved direct electrochemistry.