gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micellar complexes of human apolipoprotein A-I with phosphatidylcholines and cholesterol prepared from cholate-lipid dispersions. (1982)

Micellar complexes of human apolipoprotein A-I and phosphatidylcholine, with or without cholesterol, were prepared by adding apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) to sodium cholate-lipid mixtures. Cholate was removed by dialysis and the apo A-I.lipid complexes were isolated by gel filtration chromatography or by density gradient ultracentrifugation. The lipid mixtures consisted of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or egg yolk phosphatidylcholine in the presence of various molar ratios of cholesterol. The formation of complexes was examined at different phosphatidylcholine (PC)-to-apo A-I ratios, PC-to-cholate ratios, and cholate concentrations. Yields of complexes were maximal when incubation and dialysis were performed near the transition temperature of the PC. Upon lipid binding and complex formation, apo A-I experienced a significant increase in alpha-helix content, and a blue shift in the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. In all lipid-protein incubation mixtures, from 600:1 to 75:1, PC/apo A-I (molar ratios), relatively small, stable complexes were present which gave maximum yields at incubation ratios similar to their isolated stoichiometries of 75:1 to 140:1, PC/apo A-I (molar ratios). For the isolated complexes, molecular weights were determined by sedimentation equilibrium to be in the range from 220,000 to 260,000; fluorescence polarization using the hydrophobic probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene showed a broadened and shifted gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition, characteristic of micellar complexes of apo A-I with PC. Complexes prepared using apo A-I, covalently labeled with 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride, had an overall particle rotational relaxation time of 530 ns. On electron micrographs, the complexes, negatively stained with phosphotungstate, appeared as lamellar, discoidal particles.
Isolation and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody that recognizes epitopes shared by Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 1, 3, 4, and 6 lipopolysaccharides (1989)

A hybridoma line secreting a human monoclonal antibody (HMAb) capable of recognizing Fisher immunotype (IT) 1, 3, 4, and 6 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro was isolated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were obtained from volunteers immunized with an experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa O polysaccharide-toxin A vaccine. PBL-expressing surface antibodies able to bind to P. aeruginosa LPS were isolated by adsorption onto LPS-coated plastic wells. Such PBL were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus. Lymphoblastoid cell lines secreting anti-P. aeruginosa LPS antibodies were identified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fused to the F3B6 heteromyeloma line. A hybridoma line producing a HMAb (2-8AH79) able to bind IT-1, IT-3, IT-4, and IT-6 LPS was identified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This HMAb was found to bind to the O-polysaccharide regions of IT-1, IT-3, IT-4, and IT-6 LPS, as determined by immunoblotting. By using an immunofluorescence microscopy assay, the cell surfaces of IT-3 and IT-4 bacteria were strongly stained by HMAb 2-8AH79, whereas those of IT-1 and IT-6 bacteria were weakly stained. This HMAb was found to promote the uptake and killing of IT-3 and IT-4 bacteria, but not IT-1 or IT-6 organisms, by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Similarly, the passive transfer of HMAb 2-8AH79 to mice afforded significant protection only against a challenge with IT-3 and IT-4 bacteria.
Circulating cell-free DNA in serum as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognostic prediction of colorectal cancer (2014)

Combined detection of ALU115, ALU247/115 and CEA could improve the diagnostic efficiency for CRC. Serum DNA concentrations and integrity index may be valuable in early complementary diagnosis and monitoring of progression and prognosis of CRC.
Webの創成 : World Wide Webはいかにして生まれどこに向かうのか (2001)

万物の探索 もつれ、つながり、網の目 ＣＥＲＮのサーバ プロトコル—地球大のシステムのための単純なルール 地球大の世界へ ブラウジング 状況の変化 コンソーシアム 競争とコンセンサス 人々の網の目 プライバシー 思考をつなぐ マシンとＷｅｂ Ｗｅｂの創世
Glomerular endotheliosis in normal pregnancy and pre‐eclampsia (2003)

Glomerular endotheliosis was found in women with normal pregnancy as well as in both non-proteinuric and proteinuric hypertension and is consequently not, as earlier believed, pathognomonic for pre-eclampsia. The transition between normal term pregnancy, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia appears to be a continuous process, perhaps of increasing adaptation to pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia may be the extreme of the adaptational process, rather than a separate abnormal condition. Clinically undetected renal disease could be a rare cause of hypertension in pregnancy.
Aluminum-Resistant Arabidopsis Mutants That Exhibit Altered Patterns of Aluminum Accumulation and Organic Acid Release from Roots1 (1998)

Al-resistant (alr) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were isolated and characterized to gain a better understanding of the genetic and physiological mechanisms of Al resistance. alr mutants were identified on the basis of enhanced root growth in the presence of levels of Al that strongly inhibited root growth in wild-type seedlings. Genetic analysis of the alr mutants showed that Al resistance was semidominant, and chromosome mapping of the mutants with microsatellite and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers indicated that the mutants mapped to two sites in the Arabidopsis genome: one locus on chromosome 1 (alr-108, alr-128, alr-131, and alr-139) and another on chromosome 4 (alr-104). Al accumulation in roots of mutant seedlings was studied by staining with the fluorescent Al-indicator dye morin and quantified via inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometry. It was found that the alr mutants accumulated lower levels of Al in the root tips compared with wild type. The possibility that the mutants released Al-chelating organic acids was examined. The mutants that mapped together on chromosome 1 released greater amounts of citrate or malate (as well as pyruvate) compared with wild type, suggesting that Al exclusion from roots of these alr mutants results from enhanced organic acid exudation. Roots of alr-104, on the other hand, did not exhibit increased release of malate or citrate, but did alkalinize the rhizosphere to a greater extent than wild-type roots. A detailed examination of Al resistance in this mutant is described in an accompanying paper (J. Degenhardt, P.B. Larsen, S.H. Howell, L. V. Kochian [1998] Plant Physiol 117: 19-27).
Debate The idiom of ethnicity (2000)

(2000). Debate The idiom of ethnicity. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies: Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 535-542.
Top-down extraction of semi-structured data (2003)

We propose an innovative approach to extracting semi-structured data from Web sources. The idea is to collect a couple of example objects from the user and to use this information to extract new objects from new pages or texts. We propose a top-down strategy that extracts complex objects, decomposing them in objects less complex, until atomic objects have been extracted. Through experimentation, we demonstrate that with a small number of given examples, our strategy is able to extract most of the objects present in a Web source given as input.
An Alternative Animal Model for Comparison of Treatments for Cryptococcal Meningitis (1999)

Weanling outbred rats were infected with Cryptococcus neoformans by direct percranial puncture and inoculation into the cranium. A lethal infection ensued. Treatment with LY295337, a depsipeptide with antifungal activity, was effective in prolonging survival and reducing fungal counts in brain tissue. Weanling rats are an acceptable model for the study of central nervous system infection with C. neoformans.
Tandem Reaction Sequences under Hydroformylation Conditions:  New Synthetic Applications of Transition Metal Catalysis (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTandem Reaction Sequences under Hydroformylation Conditions: New Synthetic Applications of Transition Metal CatalysisPeter Eilbracht, Lars Bärfacker, Christian Buss, Christoph Hollmann, Beate E. Kitsos-Rzychon, Christian L. Kranemann, Thorsten Rische, Rafael Roggenbuck, and Andreas SchmidtView Author Information Fachbereich Chemie, Organische Chemie I, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 11, 3329–3366Publication Date (Web):October 9, 1999Publication History Received22 April 1999Revised24 June 1999Published online9 October 1999Published inissue 10 November 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr970413rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr970413rresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5083Altmetric-Citations508LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Amines,Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Hydroformylation Get e-Alerts
A Fast and Direct Method of Permeability Measurements on Drill Cuttings (2005)

Summary Permeability is one of the most important petrophysical parameters for reservoir characterization, but also one of the most difficult to obtain. Logs provide a good estimate of porosity and saturations, but the accuracy on permeability derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is rather poor. So far, reliable values of permeabilities are obtained only from laboratory measurements on core samples for local measurements and well testing for a larger scale-averaged determination. We present an original method for measuring the permeability of drill cuttings without any specific laboratory conditioning (cleaning, coating, etc.). A volume of approximately 100 cm3 of cuttings is placed in a pressure vessel. The cell is then filled with a viscous oil. The process of oil invasion into the cuttings always traps a certain amount of gas. When a pulse of pressure is applied on the cell, the oil enters into the cuttings thanks to the gas compressibility. The permeability is then derived from the dynamic of the oil invasion by using a simple model. The method was tested by using various crushed-rock samples of known permeability. Excellent reproducibility and good agreement between cores and cuttings permeabilities were found for many decades of permeabilities. This method presents many advantages. The measurements can be performed in a few minutes, leading to the possibility of operating on site during drilling. The limitations of the method are related mainly to the size, the representativity of the drill cuttings, and the absence of the confining stress. In developing this method, our purpose is not to replace core analysis but, rather, to provide additional quick and inexpensive information on reservoir characterization.
Reactive Chlorinating Species Produced by Myeloperoxidase Target the Vinyl Ether Bond of Plasmalogens (2001)

Plasmalogens contain a vinyl ether bond linking the sn-1 aliphatic chain to the glycerol backbone of this predominant phospholipid molecular subclass, which is found in many mammalian tissues. The present study demonstrates that the vinyl ether bond of plasmalogens is a molecular target of the reactive chlorinating species produced by myeloperoxidase. Analysis by thin layer chromatography revealed that reactive chlorinating species produced by myeloperoxidase target the vinyl ether bond of the plasmalogen, lysoplasmenylcholine (1-O-hexadec-1'-enyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine), resulting in the production of a neutral lipid. Capillary gas chromatographic analyses demonstrated that the neutral lipid generated from lysoplasmenylcholine was neither hexadecanal nor did it contain masked hexadecanal (i.e. the vinyl ether) because the dimethyl acetal of hexadecanal produced by acid methanolysis derivatization was no longer present. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the myeloperoxidase-generated neutral lipid product was consistent with the production of a 16-carbon fatty aldehyde containing one chlorine atom. Furthermore, proton NMR analysis indicated that this neutral lipid product was a 2-chloro-fatty aldehyde. Additional structural analysis of this neutral lipid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the underivatized product as well as its pentafluorobenzyl oxime-derivative product was consistent with the neutral lipid being 2-chlorohexadecanal. The reactive chlorinating species, hypochlorous acid and chlorine gas, both attacked the vinyl ether bond of lysoplasmenylcholine resulting in the production of 2-chlorohexadecanal. The production of 2-chlorohexadecanal was dependent on the presence of the plasmalogen masked aldehyde (i.e. the vinyl ether) in the substrate because the free fatty aldehyde, hexadecanal, was not converted to 2-chlorohexadecanal by the reactive chlorinating species generated by myeloperoxidase. Taken together, the present studies demonstrate for the first time the targeting of the vinyl ether bond of plasmalogens by the reactive chlorinating species produced by myeloperoxidase resulting in the production of novel chlorinated fatty aldehydes.
Quantum Back-Action of an Individual Variable-Strength Measurement (2013)

Measuring a quantum system can randomly perturb its state. The strength and nature of this back-action depend on the quantity that is measured. In a partial measurement performed by an ideal apparatus, quantum physics predicts that the system remains in a pure state whose evolution can be tracked perfectly from the measurement record. We demonstrated this property using a superconducting qubit dispersively coupled to a cavity traversed by a microwave signal. The back-action on the qubit state of a single measurement of both signal quadratures was observed and shown to produce a stochastic operation whose action is determined by the measurement result. This accurate monitoring of a qubit state is an essential prerequisite for measurement-based feedback control of quantum systems.
Paramagnetic alkylchromium compounds as homogeneous catalysts for the polymerization of ethylene (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParamagnetic alkylchromium compounds as homogeneous catalysts for the polymerization of ethyleneBarbara J. Thomas, Seok Kyun Noh, Gayle K. Schulte, Shawn C. Sendlinger, and Klaus H. TheopoldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3, 893–902Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00003a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00003a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views503Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Characterization of a maize isochromosome 8S·8S (2006)

An isochromosome was found in the maize HiII Parent B line during somatic karyotyping with a multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) system. Cytological analyses showed that it pairs with the short arm of chromosome 8 during the pachytene stage of meiosis. The chromosome 8 short arm origin of this isochromosome was also confirmed by FISH at mitotic metaphase. Knob heterochromatin signals were present at the short arms of chromosome 8 when subjected to prolonged exposure and also observed at both ends of the isochromosome. This isochromosome can be a univalent or a trivalent by pairing with the normal chromosome 8 short arms during meiosis. At anaphase and telophase, the isochromosome lagged behind other chromosomes. It had a transmission rate of 17%-20% from both male and female gametes. One plant homozygous for the isochromosome contained 2 isochromosomes that differed in the quantity of their CentC centromere repeat sequence. Both variations of the isochromosome were transmitted to the next generation. Because the 2 isochromosomes should be identical by descent, these observations document a radical change in copy number of the centromere repeat array within 1 generation. Plants with 1 isochromosome were not normal as compared with the original HiII Parent B plants. Those that contained a pair of this isochromosome (6 total copies of 8S) were even more abnormal and had reduced fertility. The results indicate the ability of the somatic karyotyping system to recognize and characterize chromosomal aberrations.
Salmonella typhimurium mutants lacking NAD pyrophosphatase (1988)

NAD can serve as both a purine and a pyridine source for Salmonella typhimurium. Exogenous NAD is rapidly broken down into nicotinamide mononucleotide and AMP by an NAD pyrophosphatase, the first step in the pathway for the assimilation of exogenous NAD. We isolated and characterized mutants of S. typhimurium lacking NAD pyrophosphatase activity; such mutants were identified by their failure to use exogenous NAD as a purine source. These mutants carry mutations that map at a new locus, designated pnuE, between 86 and 87 min on the Salmonella chromosome.
Evidence for a Virus in Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Transmitted via the Fecal-Oral Route (1983)

Typical acute hepatitis was reproduced in a human volunteer immune to hepatitis A virus (HAV) after oral administration of pooled stool extracts from presumed cases of epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis. Markers of hepatitis B infection, anti-HAV IgM, and increase in total anti-HAV level were not detectable in the volunteer's sera during the course of infection. Spherical 27- to 30-nm virus-like particles were visualized by immune electron microscopy (IEM) in stool samples collected during preclinical and early postclinical phases. These particles banded in CsCl at a buoyant density of 1.35 g/cm3. They reacted in the IEM test with sera from individuals who had experienced two non-B hepatitis episodes but did not react with sera from routine anti-HAV IgM-positive hepatitis patients. Intravenous inoculation of cynomolgus monkeys with the virus-containing stool extract resulted in histopathologically and enzymatically confirmed hepatitis, excretion of virus-like particles, and antibody response to them.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Chem. Phys. 6/2006 (2006)

Cover: The images show the essential features of colloidal crystal films fabricated by assembling latex spheres with rigid PS core and flexible PMMA/PAA shell: fully‐dense FCC morphology observed from [111], [110] or [100] plane, tough mechanical strength, and brilliant colors covering the entire visible region. Further details can be found in the Full Paper by J. Wang, Y. Wen, H. Ge, Z. Sun, Y. Zheng, Y. Song, * and L. Jiang * on page 596.
Vascular remodelling of resistance vessels: can we define this? (1999)

Time for primary review 31 days. 

As pointed out originally by Folkow [1], many of the haemodynamic features associated with essential hypertension can be accounted for by alterations in the structure of the resistance vessels. In vivo haemodynamic experiments (where forearm blood flow was measured with the vasculature fully relaxed under conditions of reactive hyperaemia) showed that the relaxed peripheral resistance in essential hypertensive patients was increased, that the pressor response to maximal concentrations of agonists was increased, but that the threshold concentration of agonists which caused vascular contraction was not altered. From simple physical reasoning, it was suggested that these findings could be accounted for by a slight change in the structure of the resistance vessels, such that there is a decrease in the lumen diameter and an increase in the wall (or media) thickness to lumen diameter ratio [2–5]. It is, however, only recently that it has become possible to quantify resistance vessel structure, and thus to describe the results of the remodelling process with any precision. This development has inevitably brought with it controversy about the terminology which is appropriate for characterizing the remodelling process. In this review, I will briefly summarize a recent scheme which has been proposed to define the forms of remodelling, and the current information concerning the remodelling of resistance vessel structure. I will then discuss the current debate concerning the terminology to be used. The review is restricted to the morphology of individual vessels, and not to possible changes in branching vascularity [6].

The resistance vessels exert their function through the resistance which they present to the blood flow. The resistance is determined by the lumen diameter (to the fourth power according to the Poiseuille relation), and the lumen diameter is a function of the passive and active mechanical … 

* Tel.: +45-8942-1726; fax: +45-8612-8804; e-mail: mm@farm.aau.dk
Seroprevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in otolaryngeal diseases (1992)

We studied the seroprevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae, the third species of chlamydia, in patients with acute infections in otolaryngeal sites. The patients were divided into five diagnostic groups, i.e. sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, laryngitis and bronchitis group. Antibodies were measured by the microimmunofluorescent method. Antibodies confirming past infection with C. pneumoniae were found 46.2 per cent of the patients in the diagnostic groups and 44.7 per cent of the subjects in the control group. The difference between these two groups was not statistically significant. Acute or recent antibodies were detected in 10.5 per cent (2/19) of these patients with sinusitis, 19.2 per cent (10/52) of those with tonsillitis, 23.5 per cent (8/34) of those with otitis media, 18.2 per cent (6/33) of those with laryngitis and 22.8 per cent (13/57) of those with bronchitis, whereas only one member of the control group had acute antibodies. These data suggested that C. pneumoniae is an important and common pathogen of otolaryngeal disease.