gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Isolation of a New Hypotensive Peptide, Neurotensin, from Bovine Hypothalami (1973)

Abstract A hypotensive peptide, designated neurotensin, has been discovered and isolated in pure form from acid-acetone extracts of bovine hypothalami by column chromatography and paper electrophoresis. The results of amino acid analyses of material recovered after paper electrophoresis at pH 3.5, 6.5, and 8.9 and chromatographic analyses of the dansylated material indicate that the peptide isolated by this procedure is homogenous. Its amino acid composition and apparent molecular weight estimated by chromatography on Sephadex G-25 indicate that neurotensin is a tridecapeptide composed of Lys, Arg2, Asx, Glx2, Pro2, Ileu, Leu2, Tyr2. Neurotensin lacks a free NH2-terminus; however, it possesses a free COOH terminus which can be acted upon by carboxypeptidase A. Neurotensin induces hypotension in the rat and can stimulate the contraction of guinea pig ileum and rat uterus; however, it produces relaxation of the rat duodenum. These pharmacological properties classify it as a kinin, yet its chemical composition distinguishes it from any known peptide.
Microfluidic assisted synthesis of multi-functional polycaprolactone microcapsules: incorporation of CdTe quantum dots, Fe3O4superparamagnetic nanoparticles and tamoxifen anticancer drugs (2008)

This paper demonstrates a proof-of-concept approach for encapsulating the anticancer drug tamoxifen, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) into size-controlled polycaprolactone (PCL) microcapsules utilizing microfluidic emulsification, which combined magnetic targeting, fluorescence imaging and drug controlled release properties into one drug delivery system. Cross-linking the composite PCL microcapsules with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) tailored their size, morphology, optical and magnetic properties and drug release behaviors. The flow conditions of the two immiscible solutions were adjusted in order to successfully generate various sizes of polymer droplets. The result showed superparamagnetic and fluorescent properties, and was used as a controlled drug release vehicle. The composite magnetic and fluorescent PCL microcapsules are potential candidates for a smart drug delivery system.
Cloning and characterization of hOGG1 , a human homolog of the OGG1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)

The OGG1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a DNA glycosylase activity that is a functional analog of the Fpg protein from Escherichia coli and excises 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) from damaged DNA. The repair of this ubiquitous kind of oxidative damage is essential to prevent mutations both in bacteria and in yeast. A human cDNA clone carrying an ORF displaying homology to the yeast protein was identified. The predicted protein has 345 amino acids and a molecular mass of 39 kDa. This protein shares a 38% sequence identity with the yeast Ogg1 protein, adding this novel human gene product to the growing family of enzymes that the repair of oxidatively damaged bases and are related to the E. coli endonuclease III. Northern blot analysis indicates that this gene, localized to chromosome 3p25, is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. The cloned coding sequence was expressed in an E. coli strain that carried a disrupted fpg gene, the bacterial functional analog of OGG1. Cell-free extracts from these cultures displayed a specific lyase activity on duplex DNA that carried an 8-oxoG/C base pair. The products of the reaction are consistent with an enzymatic activity like the one displayed by the yeast Ogg1. Analysis of the substrate specificity reveals a very strong preference for DNA fragments harboring 8-oxoG/C base pairs. The pattern of specificity correlates well with the one found for the yeast enzyme. Moreover, when the human coding sequence was expressed in a yeast strain mutant in OGG1 it was able to complement the spontaneous mutator phenotype. These results make this novel gene (hOGG1) a strong candidate for the human homolog of the yeast OGG1 and suggest an important role of its product in the protection of the genome from the mutagenic effects of the oxidatively damaged purines.
Amine and ammonium functionalization of chloromethylsilane-ended dendrimers. Antimicrobial activity studies (2008)

Novel amine- and ammonium-terminated carbosilane dendrimers of type G(n)-[Si{CH(2)O-(C(6)H(4))-3-NMe(2)}](x) or G(n)-[Si{CH(2)O-(C(6)H(4))-3-NMe(3)(+)I(-)}](x) have been synthesized and characterized up to second generation by phenolysis of (chloromethyl)silyl-terminated dendrimers with 3-dimethylamine phenol and subsequent quaternization with methyl iodide. Quaternized carbosilane dendrimers are stable in protic solvents and can be solubilised in water after the addition of less than 1% of dimethyl sulfoxide. A study of the antimicrobial activity of these cationic dendrimers of first and second generation against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is also described. The results obtained demonstrate that the new ammonium-terminated carbosilane dendrimers can be considered as multivalent biocides.
Characterization of the clotting activities of structurally different forms of activated factor IX. Enzymatic properties of normal human factor IXa alpha, factor IXa beta, and activated factor IX Chapel Hill. (1985)

Two structurally different forms of activated human Factor IX (Factor IXa alpha and IXa beta) have been previously reported to have essentially identical clotting activity in vitro. Although it has been shown that activated Factor IX Chapel Hill, an abnormal Factor IX isolated from the plasma of a patient with mild hemophilia B, and normal Factor IXa alpha are structurally very similar, the clotting activity of activated Factor IX Chapel Hill is much lower (approximately fivefold) than that of normal Factor IXa beta. In the present study we have prepared activated Factor IX by incubating human Factor IX with calcium and Russell's viper venom covalently bound to agarose. Fractionation of the activated Factor IX by high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated the presence of both Factors IXa alpha and IXa beta. On the basis of active site concentration, determined by titration with antithrombin III, the clotting activities of activated Factor IX Chapel Hill and IXa alpha were similar, but both activities were less than 20% of the clotting activity of Factor IXa beta. Activated Factor IX activity was also measured in the absence of calcium, phospholipid, and Factor VIII, by determination of the rate of Factor X activation in the presence of polylysine. In the presence of polylysine, the rates of Factor X activation by activated Factor IX Chapel Hill, Factor IXa alpha, and Factor IXa beta were essentially identical. We conclude that the clotting activity of activated Factor IX Chapel Hill is reduced when compared with that of Factor IXa beta but essentially normal when compared with that of Factor IXa alpha.
Mung Bean Nuclease Cleaves Plasmodium Genomic DNA at Sites Before and After Genes (1984)

Mung bean nuclease was found to cut the genomic DNA of the malaria parasite Plasmodium at positions before and after genes but not within gene-coding regions. This cleavage, which had nearly the preciseness of a restriction nuclease, required controlled conditions in the presence of formamide. Southern blot analysis showed that the coding areas for Plasmodium actin, circumsporozoite protein, histidine-rich protein, ribosomal RNA's, and tubulin are each cleaved from genomic DNA to yield a single major band on an agarose gel. DNA sequence data on several clones of mung bean nuclease cleavage products containing the gene for the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum confirmed that cleavage sites are before and after genes. Recognition and cleavage of DNA did not seem to be related to any primary sequence but may be related to structural features of the DNA duplex that demarcate genes. Mung bean nuclease-cleaved DNA could be inserted directly into a lambda expression vector, yielding a representative but small gene bank of intact gene fragments.
Polymer brushes via surface-initiated polymerizations (2003)

Polymer brushes produced by controlled surface-initiated polymerization provide a route to surfaces coated with well-defined thin polymer films that are covalently bound to the substrate. All of the major controlled polymerization techniques have been applied to the synthesis of polymer brushes and examples of each are presented here. Many examples of brush synthesis in the literature have used the living atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) system, and in this tutorial review a particular focus is given to examples of this technique.
Relationship between Mitotic Delay and the Minimum Dose Rate of X Irradiation Required to Stop Cell Proliferation (1993)

When cells are subjected to irradiation, their progression through the cell cycle can be arrested. If the arrested cells are subjected to additional damage, their period of arrest is prolonged. Under continuous low-dose-rate irradiation, the cumulative nature of arrest time leads to a geometric increase in the arrest time as a function of the dose rate. Above a certain cell-line-specific dose rate, the arrest duration becomes infinite and cell proliferation ceases. We find that the lowest dose rate (critical dose rate) required to stop cell proliferation during continuous irradiation is the reciprocal of the mitotic delay per gray of high-dose-rate irradiation. The calculated critical dose rates for X rays agree with those measured by Mitchell et al. (Radiat. Res. 79, 537-551, 1979), provided that the critical dose rate is identified with the minimum dose rate which allows no more than one population doubling. This specific identification of the critical dose rate is explained on the basis of cell cycle kinetics. A kinetic mechanism for cell cycle arrest and recovery leads to the critical dose rate as the reciprocal sensitivity for G2 arrest.
Function of the IL-2R for Thymic and Peripheral CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cells (2007)

IL-2 contributes to the production, function, and homeostasis of CD4+CD25+ T(reg) cells. However, it remains uncertain whether IL-2 is essential for the development of T(reg) cells in the thymus, their homeostasis in the periphery, or both. The present study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of IL-2 during thymic T(reg) cell development and its maintenance in peripheral immune tissue. Relying on genetic mouse models where IL-2R signaling was either completely blocked or selectively inhibited in peripheral CD4+CD25+ T(reg) cells, we show that the IL-2/IL-2R interaction is active in the thymus at the earliest stage of the development of T(reg) cells to promote their expansion and to up-regulate Foxp3 and CD25 to normal levels. Furthermore, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T(reg) cells with impaired IL-2-induced signaling persist in the periphery and control autoimmunity without constant thymic output. These peripheral T(reg) cells with poor responsiveness to IL-2 exhibited slower growth and extended survival in vivo, somewhat lower suppressive activity, and poor IL-2-dependent survival in vitro. Mixed thymic and bone marrow chimeric mice showed that wild-type-derived T(reg) cells were substantially more effective in populating peripheral immune tissue than T(reg) cells with impaired IL-2 signaling. Collectively, these data support the notion that normally IL-2 is a dominant mechanism controlling the number of thymic and peripheral T(reg) cells.
The Prevalence of Celiac Disease in the United States (2012)

The prevalence of CD in the United States was 0.71% (1 in 141), similar to that found in several European countries. However, most cases were undiagnosed. CD was rare among minority groups but affected 1% of non-Hispanic whites. Most persons who were following a GFD did not have a diagnosis of CD.
Hyaluronic acid prevents oxygen free-radical damage to granulation tissue: a study in rats. (1990)

Oxygen free-radicals are known to impair wound healing after ischaemia-reperfusion or polymorphonuclear cell stimulation. Furthermore, they reduce the breaking strength of all recent wounds and might be a cause of wound leakage. This study was performed to evaluate whether or not hyaluronic acid can reduce the risk of wound impairment caused by free-radicals, in rats with abdominal sepsis, polymorphonuclear cell stimulation or cytochrome C function derangement produced by xenobiotics. Male Sprague-Dawley rats with open wounds received phenazine methosulfate or zimosan, or had abdominal sepsis to induce oxygen free-radical generation. There were three groups of treatment: hyaluronic acid cream, hyaluronic acid ethyl ester gel, and placebo. The reduction in wound size was measured from the 1st to the 11th postoperative day; biopsies were taken for histological evaluation. Every other day, a gentle debridement was performed in all the groups of animals. We found that hyaluronic acid and its ethyl ester derivative significantly improved the wound healing of rats subjected to an increased generation of oxygen free-radicals. It remains to be established whether or not hyaluronic acid acts as a scavenger of free-radicals.
Web-based annotation of anaphoric relations and lexical chains (2007)

Annotating large text corpora is a time-consuming effort. Although single-user annotation tools are available, web-based annotation applications allow for distributed annotation and file access from different locations. In this paper we present the web-based annotation application Serengeti for annotating anaphoric relations which will be extended for the annotation of lexical chains.
Exploiting the superior protein resistance of polymer brushes to control single cell adhesion and polarisation at the micron scale (2010)

The control of the cell microenvironment on model patterned substrates allows the systematic study of cell biology in well defined conditions, potentially using automated systems. The extreme protein resistance of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol methacrylate)) (POEGMA) brushes is exploited to achieve high fidelity patterning of single cells. These coatings can be patterned by soft lithography on large areas (a microscope slide) and scale (substrates were typically prepared in batches of 200). The present protocol relies on the adsorption of extra-cellular matrix (ECM) proteins on unprotected areas using simple incubation and washing steps. The stability of POEGMA brushes, as examined via ellipsometry and SPR, is found to be excellent, both during storage and cell culture. The impact of substrate treatment, brush thickness and incubation protocol on ECM deposition, both for ultra-thin gold and glass substrates, is investigated via fluorescence microscopy and AFM. Optimised conditions result in high quality ECM patterns at the micron scale, even on glass substrates, that are suitable for controlling cell spreading and polarisation. These patterns are compatible with state-of-the-art technologies (fluorescence microscopy, FRET) used for live cell imaging. This technology, combined with single cell analysis methods, provides a platform for exploring the mechanisms that regulate cell behaviour.
Sporanaerobacter acetigenes gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel acetogenic, facultatively sulfur-reducing bacterium (2002)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
The prognostic significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, epidermal growth factor receptor, andmdr gene expression in colorectal cancer (1993)

Knowledge of the percentage of PCNA-positive cells could be especially helpful in deciding whether to treat patients with localized disease further because adjuvant chemotherapy affects mainly dividing cells and should, therefore, be more successful in tumors with high proliferative activity.
Performance of CDMA cellular networks with base-station antenna arrays: the downlink (2002)

The rapid increase in the number of mobile telephone users has put great pressure on system capacity in many urban areas. This is despite the range of technologies that have multiplied the capacity including the most recently use of digital communication and coding. Antenna arrays at the base-station have been recently shown to increase system capacity. We study the performance of the downlink channel and predict capacity improvement. We also present simulation results to support our analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
2-Fluoroalkyl A-Ring Analogs of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3. Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis via Intramolecular and Intermolecular Diels-Alder Cycloadditions. Preliminary Biological Testing (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Fluoroalkyl A-Ring Analogs of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3. Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis via Intramolecular and Intermolecular Diels-Alder Cycloadditions. Preliminary Biological TestingGary H. Posner, Cheon-Gyu Cho, Tizah E. N. Anjeh, Neil Johnson, Ronald L. Horst, Tadashi Kobayashi, Toshio Okano, and Naoko TsugawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 14, 4617–4628Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00119a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00119a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1168Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Assembly of Two Transgenes in an Artificial Chromatin Domain Gives Highly Coordinated Expression in Tobacco (2002)

The chromatin loop model predicts that genes within the same chromatin domain exhibit coordinated regulation. We here present the first direct experimental support for this model in plants. Two reporter genes, the E. coli beta-glucuronidase gene and the firefly luciferase gene, driven by different promoters, were placed between copies of the chicken lysozyme A element, a member of the matrix-associated region (MAR) group of chromatin boundary elements, and introduced in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In plants carrying A elements, quantitative enzyme activities and mRNA levels of both genes show high correlations compared to control plants. The A element thus creates an artificial chromatin domain that yields coordinated expression. Surprisingly, enzyme activities correlated poorly with their respective mRNA levels. We hypothesize that this indicates the occurrence of "error pipelines" in data generation: systematic errors of a given analytical method will point in the same direction and cancel out in correlation analysis, resulting in better correlations. In combining different methods of analysis, however, such errors do not cancel out and as a result relevant correlations can be masked. Such error pipelines will have to be taken into account when different types of (e.g., whole-genome) data sets are combined in quantitative analyses.
Human-computer interaction in a medical decision support system (2003)

Three different types of user interface in EMERGE, a medical expert system for analysis of chest pain in the emergency room, are described. They are a question-driven mode, in which the system asks the user to respond with y(es), n(o) or? (no information), or with a degree of presence of symptoms; a data-driven mode in which the user enters free-format English phrases; and a menu-driven mode in which the user chooses selections from a list by number. These interfaces are discussed in terms of their implementation, advantages and disadvantages, and the perception the end-user has of the system through the use of each interface. The methods by which the system communicates its results to the user are discussed, including presentation of consultation results, explanation capabilities and establishment of permanent patient files. >
Vínculos e internação de filho em UTI neopediátrica (2010)

Abordamos, primeiramente, o conceito de vínculo e algumas formulações teóricas acerca da importância do papel desempenhado pelos esquemas originários familiares enquanto um apoio especial do psiquismo. Então, relatamos alguns trechos de estudos realizados em contextos de UTI Neonatal e Pediátrica, buscando considerar questões concernentes aos vínculos estabelecidos nos mesmos, bem como aspectos implícitos no âmbito dos esquemas originários familiares. Objetivamos, com o presente artigo, trazer reflexões acerca da importância dos vínculos e dos esquemas originários familiares em condições de internação de filhos em UTI. Os estudos aqui apresentados parecem confirmar tal importância, demonstrando a coerência das teorias a princípio explanadas
Targeting LFA-1 and CD154 Suppresses the In Vivo Activation and Development of Cytolytic (CD4-Independent) CD8+ T Cells (2005)

Short-term immunotherapy targeting both LFA-1 and CD40/CD154 costimulation produces synergistic effects such that long-term allograft survival is achieved in the majority of recipients. This immunotherapeutic strategy has been reported to induce the development of CD4+ regulatory T cells. In the current study, the mechanisms by which this immunotherapeutic strategy prevents CD8+ T cell-dependent hepatocyte rejection in CD4 knockout mice were examined. Combined blockade of LFA-1 and CD40/CD154 costimulation did not influence the overall number or composition of inflammatory cells infiltrating the liver where transplanted hepatocytes engraft. Expression of T cell activation markers CD43, CD69, and adhesion molecule CD103 by liver-infiltrating cells was suppressed in treated mice with long-term hepatocellular allograft survival compared to liver-infiltrating cells of untreated rejector mice. Short-term immunotherapy with anti-LFA-1 and anti-CD154 mAb also abrogated the in vivo development of alloreactive CD8+ cytotoxic T cell effectors. Treated mice with long-term hepatocyte allograft survival did not reject hepatocellular allografts despite adoptive transfer of naive CD8+ T cells. Unexpectedly, treated mice with long-term hepatocellular allograft survival demonstrated prominent donor-reactive delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, which were increased in comparison to untreated hepatocyte rejectors. Collectively, these findings support the conclusion that short-term immunotherapy with anti-LFA-1 and anti-CD154 mAbs induces long-term survival of hepatocellular allografts by interfering with CD8+ T cell activation and development of CTL effector function. In addition, these recipients with long-term hepatocellular allograft acceptance show evidence of immunoregulation which is not due to immune deletion or ignorance and is associated with early development of a novel CD8+CD25high cell population in the liver.