gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Implantation of a New Implantable Programmable Insulin Pump in Two Diabetic Dogs (1992)

A positive-pressure implantable programmable pump with an integrated sideport and a detachable catheter was tested for long-term intraperitoneal insulin delivery in 2 diabetic dogs. Programming and refilling of the pump was simple and presented no problems during 28 months of pump function. During pump therapy an acceptable degree of glycemic control was maintained. No catheter occlusion occurred, and no skin erosions or infections were observed. Insulin in the pump reservoir was stable. After 9.5 months of pump function, flow progressively decreased because of insulin precipitation in the valved accumulator. Solubilization of these precipitates using 0.1 N NaOH injected in the reservoir and drained through the sideport normalized pump delivery rates. We conclude that this device is safe for long-term intraperitoneal insulin delivery. The sideport enables discrimination between different causes of pump malfunction and allows for the safe use of an alkaline solution to remove insulin precipitates, thus avoiding pump explantation.
A study of the vaccinia virus interferon-γ receptor and its contribution to virus virulence (2002)

Vaccinia virus (VV) strain Western Reserve gene B8R encodes a 43 kDa glycoprotein that is secreted from infected cells early in infection as a homodimer. This protein has amino acid similarity with the extracellular domain of cellular IFN-gamma receptor (IFN-gammaR) and binds and inhibits IFN-gamma from a wide range of species. Here we demonstrate that the B8R protein also inhibits equine IFN-gamma. The 5' end of the B8R mRNA has been mapped by primer extension analysis and the contribution of IFN-gammaRs to VV virulence was studied by the construction of a deletion mutant lacking the B8R gene (vDeltaB8R) and a revertant virus (vB8R-R) in which the B8R gene was re-inserted into the deletion mutant. A recombinant virus that expressed a soluble form of the mouse IFN-gammaR was also constructed and studied. The virulence of these viruses was tested in rodent models of infection. In mice, the loss of the VV IFN-gammaR did not affect virulence compared with WT and revertant viruses, consistent with the low affinity of the VV IFN-gammaR for mouse IFN-gamma. However, expression of the mouse soluble IFN-gammaR increased virus virulence slightly. In rabbit skin, loss of the VV IFN-gammaR produced lesions with histological differences compared with WT and revertant viruses. Lastly, the affinity constants of the VV IFN-gammaR for human and mouse IFN-gamma were determined by surface plasmon resonance.
Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on strawberries in an annual hill culture system: 1. Yield and fruit size (1990)

Abstract A field trial showed that strawberries do not need large quantities of N and that N applied in spring had the biggest influence on yield. Plants receiving spring N yielded 43.1 t ha‐1 compared with 26.0 t ha‐1 by plants not receiving spring N. Although N applied in autumn did not influence yield to a marked extent, it caused a shift in production peaks. Plants that had received autumn N produced an early crop, while plants receiving no autumn N showed a delayed production peak. Highest yields were obtained with 36.5 kg N ha‐1 in the spring, and 36.5 kg N ha‐1 in autumn in split applications. For optimum yields, N should be applied from mid‐winter in small, regular amounts. Although yield was not greatly affected by K applications, it is essential to keep the soil K content at about 40 ppm Bray II extractable K in order to obtain better fruit size.
Binding of Cationic α-Helical Peptides to Plasmid DNA and Their Gene Transfer Abilities into Cells (1997)

Polycationic reagents such as cationic lipids and poly-L-lysine are widely used for gene transfer into cells in vitro and show promise as vectors for in vivo gene therapy applications as nonviral gene transfer techniques. We have developed a novel transfection method using cationic amphiphilic alpha-helical oligopeptides with repeated sequences. Oligopeptide has the advantages of being easily designed and modified because of its simple structure. In this study, we synthesized five kinds of peptides of which the total chain length and the width of the hydrophobic region were changed. The binding of the peptides to plasmid DNA was evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was found that the long and/or hydrophobic peptides can strongly bind to the DNA. The formation of large aggregates with a 0.5-5-microm diameter, which consisted of the long peptides and the DNA, was observed by electron microscopy. The transfection abilities of the peptides were determined by the expression of luciferase from its cDNA in COS-7 cells. The long peptides showed high transfection abilities. As a result, it could be said that the transfection ability of these peptides was parallel to their ability to form aggregates with DNA. Furthermore, the transfection ability was increased by the addition of chloroquine in the transfection procedure. This result indicated that the internalization of the peptide-DNA aggregates would be mediated by the endocytosis pathway.
Role of Rpn11 Metalloprotease in Deubiquitination and Degradation by the 26 S Proteasome (2002)

The 26S proteasome mediates degradation of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. Although ubiquitin is recycled from proteasome substrates, the molecular basis of deubiquitination at the proteasome and its relation to substrate degradation remain unknown. The Rpn11 subunit of the proteasome lid subcomplex contains a highly conserved Jab1/MPN domain-associated metalloisopeptidase (JAMM) motif-EX(n)HXHX(10)D. Mutation of the predicted active-site histidines to alanine (rpn11AXA) was lethal and stabilized ubiquitin pathway substrates in yeast. Rpn11(AXA) mutant proteasomes assembled normally but failed to either deubiquitinate or degrade ubiquitinated Sic1 in vitro. Our findings reveal an unexpected coupling between substrate deubiquitination and degradation and suggest a unifying rationale for the presence of the lid in eukaryotic proteasomes.
Optimal vertex elimination in single-expression-use graphs (2008)

The source transformation tool for automatic differentiation of Fortran programs ADIFOR uses a preaccumulation technique to speed up tangent-linear codes significantly compared to the standard forward mode. Reverse mode automatic differentiation is applied to all scalar assignments to generate efficient code for the computation of local gradients. It has been well known for some time that reverse mode is not necessarily the optimal choice for the computation of these statement-level gradients as it does not minimize the number of operations required. This article presents an efficient algorithm for the solution of this combinatorial optimization problem. The corresponding software is freely available for downloading on our website. Developers of software for automatic differentiation are invited to integrate the algorithm into their tools. Gradients of scalar multivariate functions can be computed by elimination methods on the linearized computational graph. The combinatorial optimization problem that aims to minimize the number of arithmetic operations performed by the elimination algorithm is known to be NP-complete. In this article we present a polynomial algorithm for solving a relevant subclass of this problem's instances. The proposed method relies on the ability to compute vertex covers in bipartite graphs in polynomial time. A simplified version of this graph algorithm is used in a research prototype of the differentiation-enabled NAGWare Fortran compiler for the preaccumulation of local gradients of scalar assignments in the context of automatic generation of efficient tangent-linear code for numerical programs.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. (1988)

Twenty different target sites within human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA were selected for studies of inhibition of HIV replication by antisense oligonucleotides. Target sites were selected based on their potential capacity to block recognition functions during viral replication. Antisense oligomers complementary to sites within or near the sequence repeated at the ends of retrovirus RNA (R region) and to certain splice sites were most effective. The effect of antisense oligomer length on inhibiting virus replication was also investigated, and preliminary toxicity studies in mice show that these compounds are toxic only at high levels. The results indicate potential usefulness for these oligomers in the treatment of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex either alone or in combination with other drugs.
Remarkable tolerance of tumor cells to nutrient deprivation: possible new biochemical target for cancer therapy. (2000)

We hypothesized that the tolerance for nutrient deprivation as well as angiogenesis might be an important factor for tumor progression under hypovascular conditions. When normal human fibroblasts were subjected to extreme nutrient starvation by culturing in a medium without serum, glucose, and amino acids, cells died within 24 h. When substituted with liver cancer cell lines HepG2, Hep3B, HLE, and HuH-7, cell death occurred within 36 h. In contrast, four of six pancreas cancer cell lines, PANC-1, AsPC-1, BxPC-1, and KP-3, survived for remarkably longer periods; >50% of the cells survived, even after starvation for 48 h. Among three gastric cancer cell lines, MKN28, MKN45, and MKN74, only the most poorly differentiated MKN45 cells survived >36 h. More than 50% of the cells in colon cancer cell lines SW480, WiDr, and DLD-1 survived after 36 h, and the most undifferentiated SW480 cell line survived longest. We examined the possible involvement of PKB/Akt expression in the survival of various cell lines under nutrient starvation conditions. High expression of PKB/Akt was found to be associated with tolerance for nutrient starvation. When Akt antisense RNA expression vectors were introduced into PANC-1 cells, the tolerance was partially but significantly diminished by vectors for Akt1 and Akt2 but not Akt3. Because elimination of the tolerance might serve as a new strategy for cancer therapy, several compounds were tested for this purpose, and troglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, as well as LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, were found to kill PANC-1 cells only under nutrient starvation conditions.
Quantum-confined Stark effect modulators at 1.06 mu m on GaAs (1993)

Electroabsorption modulation is achieved at or near a wavelength of 1.06 mu m with In/sub x/Al/sub y/Ga/sub 1-x-y/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures grown on GaAs substrates. The lattice mismatch (close to 2%) between the MQW and the substrate is accommodated by a compositional-step-graded buffer array. A dislocation density of less than 10/sup 7//cm/sup 2/ is estimated for the MQW region. For 80-to-100 AA well widths, a maximum electroabsorption coefficient of 8000 cm/sup -1/ with an applied voltage of 15 V is obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Highly efficient room-temperature tunnel spin injector using CoFe/MgO(001) (2006)

Semiconductor spintronics is a promising technology in which the spin states of electrons are utilized as an additional degree of freedom for device operation. One of its prerequisites is the ability to inject spin-polarized electrons into semiconductors. An overview is presented of recent progress in spin injection using an injector based on a crystalline CoFe/MgO(001) tunnel structure. The spin polarization of the electrons that were injected into a GaAs quantum-well light-emitting diode was inferred from electroluminescence polarization from the quantum well. Spin polarizations of 57% at 100 K and 47% at room temperature were obtained. The spin polarization was found to exhibit a strong dependence on bias and temperature, which can be explained on the basis of spin relaxation within the GaAs.
Neuropeptides and their receptors in the immune system. (1999)

Neuropeptides and their receptors are produced and expressed by neuroendocrine tissues and function as neurotransmitters and/or mediators of well-defined hormonal activities in specific tissues and cells. However, neuropeptides and their receptors are also found in the immune system, and various neuropeptides are involved in both systems. In this review we discuss the role of two of these neuropeptides, somatostatin and substance P, with regard to their receptor expression in the human immune system and their role in the diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
An implicit slicing method for additive manufacturing processes (2017)

All additive manufacturing processes involve a distinct pre-processing stage whereby the part geometry is translated into a process-specific printing plan. This plan is developed in layers or slices of the original part geometry by a set of algorithms collectively known as a slicer. Most commercial slicing programmes generate tool paths explicitly and do not consider the impact of resulting geometric part features (e.g. thin walls, small corners, round profiles) which can result in critical voids leading to part failure. Recent work into an implicit slicing algorithm allows for an infinite set of functionally defined infill patterns to be defined. When these patterns are overlaid onto each part layer, the mechanical properties of the part and the presence undesirable voids and flaws can be reduced or eliminated. The variation of part properties is demonstrated with tensile tests of dog-bone specimens with different infill patterns to determine their resulting mechanical properties.
Infrared Plasmonic Biosensor for Real-Time and Label-Free Monitoring of Lipid Membranes (2016)

In this work, we present an infrared plasmonic biosensor for chemical-specific detection and monitoring of biomimetic lipid membranes in a label-free and real-time fashion. Lipid membranes constitute the primary biological interface mediating cell signaling and interaction with drugs and pathogens. By exploiting the plasmonic field enhancement in the vicinity of engineered and surface-modified nanoantennas, the proposed biosensor is able to capture the vibrational fingerprints of lipid molecules and monitor in real time the formation kinetics of planar biomimetic membranes in aqueous environments. Furthermore, we show that this plasmonic biosensor features high-field enhancement extending over tens of nanometers away from the surface, matching the size of typical bioassays while preserving high sensitivity.
Association Between Adherence to Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis (2017)

We identified no trials reporting on outcomes by adherence, suggesting a systematic failure to include this information. Pooled estimates from available observational studies suggest that good medication adherence is associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality and hospitalization in people with type 2 diabetes, although bias cannot be excluded as an explanation for these findings.
One-point touch input of vector information for computer displays (1978)

The finger as a graphical stylus enjoys a coefficient of friction with glass sufficient to provide input of direction and torque as well as position from a single point. This report describes a pressure-sensitive digitizer (PSD) capable of accepting these force inputs, and discusses a set of five simple input applications used to assess the capabilities of this device. These applications include techniques for specifying vectors, and pushing, pulling, dispersing and reorienting objects with a single touch. Experience gained from these applications demonstrates that touch and pressure sensing open a rich channel for immediate and multi-dimensional interaction.
Crystal Structure of the Cytochrome bc 1 Complex from Bovine Heart Mitochondria (1997)

On the basis of x-ray diffraction data to a resolution of 2.9 angstroms, atomic models of most protein components of the bovine cytochrome bc1 complex were built, including core 1, core 2, cytochrome b, subunit 6, subunit 7, a carboxyl-terminal fragment of cytochrome c1, and an amino-terminal fragment of the iron-sulfur protein. The positions of the four iron centers within the bc1 complex and the binding sites of the two specific respiratory inhibitors antimycin A and myxothiazol were identified. The membrane-spanning region of each bc1 complex monomer consists of 13 transmembrane helices, eight of which belong to cytochrome b. Closely interacting monomers are arranged as symmetric dimers and form cavities through which the inhibitor binding pockets can be accessed. The proteins core 1 and core 2 are structurally similar to each other and consist of two domains of roughly equal size and identical folding topology.
Significant mobilization of both conventional and regulatory T cells with AMD3100 (2011)

In this study, we used the rhesus macaque model to determine the impact that AMD3100 has on lymphocyte mobilization, both alone and in combination with G-CSF. Our results indicate that, unlike G-CSF, AMD3100 substantially mobilizes both B and T lymphocytes into the peripheral blood. This led to significant increases in the peripheral blood content of both effector and regulatory T-cell populations, which translated into greater accumulation of these cells in the resulting leukapheresis products. Notably, CD4(+)/CD25(high)/CD127(low)/FoxP3(+) Tregs were efficiently mobilized with AMD3100-containing regimens, with as much as a 4.0-fold enrichment in the leukapheresis product compared with G-CSF alone. CD8(+) T cells were mobilized to a greater extent than CD4(+) T cells, with accumulation of 3.7 ± 0.4-fold more total CD8+ T cells and 6.2 ± 0.4-fold more CD8(+) effector memory T cells in the leukapheresis product compared with G-CSF alone. Given that effector memory T-cell subpopulations may mediate less GVHD compared with other effector T-cell populations and that Tregs are protective against GVHD, our results indicate that AMD3100 may mobilize a GVHD-protective T-cell repertoire, which would be of benefit in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 17 and 18 in breast carcinoma: two additional regions identified. (1990)

The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at specific regions of the human genome in tumor DNA is recognized as evidence for a tumor-suppressor gene located within the corresponding region of the homologous chromosome. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a panel of primary human breast tumor DNAs has led to the identification of two additional regions on chromosomes 17q and 18q that frequently are affected by LOH. Deletions of each of these regions have a significant correlation with clinical parameters that are associated with aggressive breast carcinomas. Previous restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of this panel of tumors has uncovered several other frequently occurring mutations. LOH on chromosome 18q frequently occurs in tumors with concomitant LOH of loci on chromosomes 17p and 11p. Similarly, tumors having LOH on 17q also have LOH on chromosomes 1p and 3p. This suggests that certain combinations of mutations may collaborate in the development and malignant progression of breast carcinomas.
Regulation of compatible solute accumulation in Salmonella typhimurium: evidence for a glycine betaine efflux system (1991)

The regulation of glycine betaine accumulation has been investigated in Salmonella typhimurium. The size of the glycine betaine pool in the cells is determined by the external osmotic pressure and is largely independent of the external glycine betaine concentration. Analysis of the activity of the ProP and ProU transport systems suggests that other systems must be active in the regulation of the glycine betaine pool. Addition of p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) or p-chloromercuribenzene sulphonate (PCMBS) to cells that have accumulated glycine betaine provokes rapid loss of glycine betaine. The route of glycine betaine efflux under the influence of PCMB is independent of either the ProP or ProU transport systems. Rapid loss of the accumulated pool of glycine betaine in the presence of PCMB is specific to glycine betaine and proline; accumulated pools of serine and lysine are not significantly affected by the -SH reagent. A specific glycine betaine/proline efflux system is postulated on the basis of these data and its role in the regulation of glycine betaine and proline accumulation is discussed.
Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Alkynylboronates to Enones (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAsymmetric Conjugate Addition of Alkynylboronates to EnonesJ. Michael Chong, Lixin Shen, and Nicholas J. TaylorView Author Information Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 8, 1822–1823Publication Date (Web):February 12, 2000Publication History Received12 August 1999Published online12 February 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ja992922bCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4936Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (110 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Conjugate acid-base pairs,Enones,Hydrocarbons,Reagents Get e-Alerts
Preparation and alkylation of regioisomeric tetrahydrophthalimide‐substituted indolin‐2(3H)‐ones (1994)

Abstract A series of novel regioisomeric tetrahydrophthalimide‐substituted indolin‐2‐ones has been prepared via the Sommelet‐Hauser type cyclization of appropriately substituted anilines as potential herbicides. The resultant indolin‐2‐ones were then regioselectively alkylated at N‐1 and C‐3 to give 1,3,3‐trisubstituted indolin‐2‐ones. The most active series was also prepared by the bis ‐nitration of m ‐fluorophenylacetic acid followed by reduction and cyclization to give 6‐amino‐5‐fluoroindolin‐2‐one. Elaboration to the tetrahydrophthalimide‐substituted indolin‐2‐one was followed by C ‐ and N ‐alkylation to give the desired compounds.