gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Arsenate Respiratory Reductase from Shewanella sp. Strain ANA-3 (2007)

Microbial arsenate respiration contributes to the mobilization of arsenic from the solid to the soluble phase in various locales worldwide. To begin to predict the extent to which As(V) respiration impacts arsenic geochemical cycling, we characterized the expression and activity of the Shewanella sp. strain ANA-3 arsenate respiratory reductase (ARR), the key enzyme involved in this metabolism. ARR is expressed at the beginning of the exponential phase and persists throughout the stationary phase, at which point it is released from the cell. In intact cells, the enzyme localizes to the periplasm. To purify ARR, a heterologous expression system was developed in Escherichia coli. ARR requires anaerobic conditions and molybdenum for activity. ARR is a heterodimer of approximately 131 kDa, composed of one ArrA subunit (approximately 95 kDa) and one ArrB subunit (approximately 27 kDa). For ARR to be functional, the two subunits must be expressed together. Elemental analysis of pure protein indicates that one Mo atom, four S atoms associated with a bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide cofactor, and four to five [4Fe-4S] are present per ARR. ARR has an apparent melting temperature of 41 degrees C, a Km of 5 microM, and a Vmax of 11,111 micromol of As(V) reduced min(-1) mg of protein(-1) and shows no activity in the presence of alternative electron acceptors such as antimonite, nitrate, selenate, and sulfate. The development of a heterologous overexpression system for ARR will facilitate future structural and/or functional studies of this protein family.
Extranodal dissemination of non-Hodgkin lymphoma requires CD47 and is inhibited by anti-CD47 antibody therapy (2011)

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) presents as both localized and disseminated disease with spread to secondary sites carrying a worse prognosis. Although pathways driving NHL dissemination have been identified, there are few therapies capable of inhibiting them. Here, we report a novel role for the immunomodulatory protein CD47 in NHL dissemination, and we demonstrate that therapeutic targeting of CD47 can prevent such spread. We developed 2 in vivo lymphoma metastasis models using Raji cells, a human NHL cell line, and primary cells from a lymphoma patient. CD47 expression was required for Raji cell dissemination to the liver in mouse xenotransplants. Targeting of CD47 with a blocking antibody inhibited Raji cell dissemination to major organs, including the central nervous system, and inhibited hematogenous dissemination of primary lymphoma cells. We hypothesized that anti-CD47 antibody-mediated elimination of circulating tumor cells occurred through phagocytosis, a previously described mechanism for blocking anti-CD47 antibodies. As predicted, inhibition of dissemination by anti-CD47 antibodies was dependent on blockade of phagocyte SIRPα and required macrophage effector cells. These results demonstrate that CD47 is required for NHL dissemination, which can be therapeutically targeted with a blocking anti-CD47 antibody. Ultimately, these findings are potentially applicable to the dissemination and metastasis of other solid tumors.
A Scanning Electron-Microscope Study of Starches (1970)

A scanning electron microscope was used to study the shape and surface details of six cereal starches—five corn varieties, oat, barley, rice, sorghum varieties, and wheat. Considerable information concerning the internal and surface detail seen in the ordinary light microscope can be obtained from comparisons. The extent of surface damage, starch shapes, and some information concerning the internal structure of some of the starches is shown directly with the scanning electron microscope. From such a study, some speculation concerning the internal architecture and development of granules is made.
BURSTING PRESSURE AND COLLAGEN CONTENT OF FETAL MEMBRANES AND THEIR RELATION TO PREMATURE RUPTURE OF THE MEMBRANES (1980)

The collagen content and the bursting pressure of human fetal membranes was measured for full term spontaneously ruptured, full term artificially ruptured and prematurely ruptured membranes. The bursting pressure of the prematurely ruptured membranes was significantly higher than the membranes which ruptured spontaneously at term. No significant difference was found in the collagen contents.
Potential surgical targets for deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant depression (2008)

Surgical intervention for TRD in the form of DBS is emerging as a viable treatment alternative to existing modalities. Although the studies reported thus far have small sample sizes, the results appear to be promising. Various surgical targets, such as the subgenual cingulate cortex, inferior thalamic peduncle, and nucleus accumbens, have been shown to be safe and to lead to beneficial effects with various stimulation parameters. Further studies with larger patient groups are required to adequately assess the safety and efficacy of these targets, as well as the optimal stimulation parameters and long-term effects.
Microdrop Printing of Hydrogel Bioinks into 3D Tissue‐Like Geometries (2011)

An optimized 3D inkjet printing process is demonstrated for structuring alginate into a tissue-like microvasculature capable of supporting physiological flow rates. Optimizing the reaction at the single-droplet level enables wet hydrogel droplets to be stacked, thus overcoming their natural tendancy to spread and coalesce. Live cells can be patterned using this process and it can be extended to a range of other hydrogels.
Recognition of B-DNA by Neomycin−Hoechst 33258 Conjugates (2006)

Recent developments have indicated that aminoglycoside binding is limited not to RNA but to nucleic acids that, like RNA, adopt conformations similar to the A-form. We have further sought to expand the utility of aminoglycoside binding to B-DNA structures by conjugating neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, with the B-DNA minor groove binding ligand Hoechst 33258. Described herein are novel neomycin-Hoechst 33258 conjugates developed for exploring B-DNA groove recognition. We have varied the two reported conjugates in linker length and composition in an effort to improve our understanding of the spatial differences that define B-DNA binding. Spectroscopic studies such as ultraviolet (UV) melting, isothermal fluorescence titrations, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and circular dichroism (CD) together illustrate the mode of binding by such conjugates. Both conjugates exhibit enhanced thermal stabilization of A.T rich duplexes when compared to Hoechst 33258.
Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): Somatosensory abnormalities in 1236 patients with different neuropathic pain syndromes (2010)

Neuropathic pain is accompanied by both positive and negative sensory signs. To explore the spectrum of sensory abnormalities, 1236 patients with a clinical diagnosis of neuropathic pain were assessed by quantitative sensory testing (QST) following the protocol of DFNS (German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain), using both thermal and mechanical nociceptive as well as non-nociceptive stimuli. Data distributions showed a systematic shift to hyperalgesia for nociceptive, and to hypoesthesia for non-nociceptive parameters. Across all parameters, 92% of the patients presented at least one abnormality. Thermosensory or mechanical hypoesthesia (up to 41%) was more frequent than hypoalgesia (up to 18% for mechanical stimuli). Mechanical hyperalgesias occurred more often (blunt pressure: 36%, pinprick: 29%) than thermal hyperalgesias (cold: 19%, heat: 24%), dynamic mechanical allodynia (20%), paradoxical heat sensations (18%) or enhanced wind-up (13%). Hyperesthesia was less than 5%. Every single sensory abnormality occurred in each neurological syndrome, but with different frequencies: thermal and mechanical hyperalgesias were most frequent in complex regional pain syndrome and peripheral nerve injury, allodynia in postherpetic neuralgia. In postherpetic neuralgia and in central pain, subgroups showed either mechanical hyperalgesia or mechanical hypoalgesia. The most frequent combinations of gain and loss were mixed thermal/mechanical loss without hyperalgesia (central pain and polyneuropathy), mixed loss with mechanical hyperalgesia in peripheral neuropathies, mechanical hyperalgesia without any loss in trigeminal neuralgia. Thus, somatosensory profiles with different combinations of loss and gain are shared across the major neuropathic pain syndromes. The characterization of underlying mechanisms will be needed to make a mechanism-based classification feasible.
Blocked Signal Transduction to the ERK and JNK Protein Kinases in Anergic CD4 + T Cells (1996)

T cells activated by antigen receptor stimulation in the absence of accessory cell-derived costimulatory signals lose the capacity to synthesize the growth factor interleukin-2 (IL-2), a state called clonal anergy. An analysis of CD3- and CD28-induced signal transduction revealed reduced ERK and JNK enzyme activities in murine anergic T cells. The amounts of ERK and JNK proteins were unchanged, and the kinases could be fully activated in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Dephosphorylation of the calcineurin substrate NFATp (preexisting nuclear factor of activated T cells) also remained inducible. These results suggest that a specific block in the activation of ERK and JNK contributes to defective IL-2 production in clonal anergy.
Conversion of Liquified Starch into Glucose Using a Novel Glucoamylase System (1985)

Abstract The production of sweeteners from starch by enzymes has been commercially successful for many years. However, the real need for improving the current industrial processes for bioconversion of starch, which is chiefly obtained from the wet milling of corn, into the monosaccharides glucose and fructose still exists. Currently, most starch processing in the corn wet milling industry is achieved by using the enzymes α‐amylase, amyloglucosidase and glucose isomerase. This lecture deals with the production of glucose from dextrins by means of amyloglucosidase systems. The amyloglucosidase preparations commonly applied in industry are mixtures containing various enzymes. The maximum obtainable conversion of dextrins into glucose is determined by the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviour of the enzymes present in the amyloglucosidase mixtures. Therefore, knowledge of the composition and properties of the enzymes may lead to the decision to alter the composition of the enzyme system as a possible means of improving the glucose production process. In the search for various amylolytic components advanced chromatography techniques were applied and the enzymes found were used in saccharification studies.
Replication and Immunogenicity of Swine, Equine, and Avian H3 Subtype Influenza Viruses in Mice and Ferrets (2013)

Since it is difficult to predict which influenza virus subtype will cause an influenza pandemic, it is important to prepare influenza virus vaccines against different subtypes and evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of candidate vaccines in preclinical and clinical studies prior to a pandemic. In addition to infecting humans, H3 influenza viruses commonly infect pigs, horses, and avian species. We selected 11 swine, equine, and avian H3 influenza viruses and evaluated their kinetics of replication and ability to induce a broadly cross-reactive antibody response in mice and ferrets. The swine and equine viruses replicated well in the upper respiratory tract of mice. With the exception of one avian virus that replicated poorly in the lower respiratory tract, all of the viruses replicated in mouse lungs. In ferrets, all of the viruses replicated well in the upper respiratory tract, but the equine viruses replicated poorly in the lungs. Extrapulmonary spread was not observed in either mice or ferrets. No single virus elicited antibodies that cross-reacted with viruses from all three animal sources. Avian and equine H3 viruses elicited broadly cross-reactive antibodies against heterologous viruses isolated from the same or other species, but the swine viruses did not. We selected an equine and an avian H3 influenza virus for further development as vaccines.
Circulating membrane vesicles in leukemic blood. (1985)

Ultramicroscopic membrane vesicles were found in the plasma of 17 patients with certain types of leukemia (acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia) and in guinea pigs with the L2C leukemia. Labeled vesicles were cleared from normal guinea pig plasma according to a two exponential function with a half-life for the second exponent of greater than 11 h. By immunofluorescence, vesicles shared antigens with the L2C leukemic cells. Attempts to elucidate the cellular origin of the circulating vesicles in human leukemias were less definitive. However, vesicles did not react with the platelet membrane antigen GP IIb/IIIa nor did the presence of circulating vesicles or vesicle-associated procoagulant activity correlate with the platelet count. In three patients studied serially, circulating vesicles paralleled disease activity. Vesicles were not detected in 16 other patients with leukemias including acute myelogenous leukemia and most lymphoid leukemias. Similarly, vesicles were not present in 29 normal plasmas or in 10 plasmas from patients with solid tumors or nonmalignant hematological disorders. In contrast to vesicles of similar appearance shed by a variety of solid and ascites tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, the vesicles circulating in leukemia patients and guinea pigs expressed variable and generally weak procoagulant activity and no tissue factor activity. Thus, although many of the patients with circulating vesicles expressed abnormal coagulation, we were not able to establish a close pathogenetic relationship between the procoagulant activity of circulating vesicles and clinical coagulopathies.
Sulfonate Salts of Substituted Benzimidazoles1 (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfonate Salts of Substituted Benzimidazoles1Nelson J. Leonard, David Y. Curtin, and Karl M. BeckCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 10, 2459–2461Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01202a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01202a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views704Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Control of the Replicative Life Span of Human Fibroblasts by p16 and the Polycomb Protein Bmi-1 (2002)

The polycomb protein Bmi-1 represses the INK4a locus, which encodes the tumor suppressors p16 and p14(ARF). Here we report that Bmi-1 is downregulated when WI-38 human fibroblasts undergo replicative senescence, but not quiescence, and extends replicative life span when overexpressed. Life span extension by Bmi-1 required the pRb, but not p53, tumor suppressor protein. Deletion analysis showed that the RING finger and helix-turn-helix domains of Bmi-1 were required for life span extension and suppression of p16. Furthermore, a RING finger deletion mutant exhibited dominant negative activity, inducing p16 and premature senescence. Interestingly, presenescent cultures of some, but not all, human fibroblasts contained growth-arrested cells expressing high levels of p16 and apparently arrested by a p53- and telomere-independent mechanism. Bmi-1 selectively extended the life span of these cultures. Low O(2) concentrations had no effect on p16 levels or life span extension by Bmi-1 but reduced expression of the p53 target, p21. We propose that some human fibroblast strains are more sensitive to stress-induced senescence and have both p16-dependent and p53/telomere-dependent pathways of senescence. Our data suggest that Bmi-1 extends the replicative life span of human fibroblasts by suppressing the p16-dependent senescence pathway.
Apoptosis: A Functional Paradigm for Programmed Plant Cell Death Induced by a Host-Selective Phytotoxin and Invoked during Development (1996)

Hong Wang, Juan Li, Richard M. Bostock, David G. Gilchrist, Apoptosis: A Functional Paradigm for Programmed Plant Cell Death Induced by a Host-Selective Phytotoxin and Invoked during Development, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Mar., 1996), pp. 375-391
Transient Preservation Under Transformation in an Additive Sound Model (2000)

We introduce the use of the method of reassignment in sound modeling to produce a sharper, more robust additive representation. The Reassigned Bandwidth-Enhanced Additive Model follows ridges in a time-frequency analysis to construct partials having both sinusoidal and noise characteristics. This model yields greater resolution in time and frequency than is possible using conventional additive techniques, and preserves the temporal envelope of transient signals, even in modified reconstruction, without introducing new component types or complicated phase interpolation algorithms. 1.
Molecular signaling pathways in ischemia/reperfusion. (2004)

Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is an important pathologic phenomenon that has not been completely defined from the perspective of the molecular signaling pathways developed immediately at its inception to minutes and hours thereafter. From the practical point of view, we have divided I/R into 3 phases: phase I, which occurs seconds to minutes after the injury and is associated with changes dependent on the activation of phospholipases, intracellular calcium, eicosanoids, other lipid molecules, protein kinases, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and the expression of preformed adhesion molecules like P-selectin; phase II, which occurs minutes to hours after I/R injury and is associated with the active transcription of protein synthesis of molecules like inflammatory cytokines (mainly tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1) starting their signaling downstream from the membrane into the cytoplasm where kinases will be activated and send signals to the nucleus for the activation of transcription factors and further continuing with the inflammatory event; and phase III, which occurs several hours to days after I/R and is associated with the appearance of molecular chronic mechanisms of protection like the presence of anti-inflammatory cytokines of the IL-10 type, late adhesion molecules, and other growth factors such as TGF-beta. This completes the whole molecular event related to I/R injury.
PowerPC 601 and Alpha 21064: a tale of two RISCs (1994)

A discussion is given on two RISC implementations: from Digital Equipment Corporation, the Alpha 21064, and from IBM/Motorola/Apple, the PowerPC 601. Both are superscalar implementations, that is, they can sustain execution of two or more instructions per clock cycle. Otherwise, these two implementations present vastly different philosophies for achieving high performance. The PowerPC 601 focuses on powerful instructions and great flexibility in processing order, while the Alpha 21064 depends on a very fast clock, with simpler instructions and a more streamlined implementation structure. These two RISC microprocessors exemplify contrasting, but equally valid, implementation philosophies. An overview is given of the instruction sets and the authors emphasize the differences in design: PowerPC uses powerful instructions so that fewer are needed to get the job done; Alpha uses simple instructions so that the hardware can be kept simpler and faster. The authors also discuss the pipelined implementations of the two architectures; again, the contrast is between powerful and simple.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of two murine monoclonal antibodies (P10, P12) directed against different determinants on human blood platelet thrombospondin (1986)

Thrombospondin, a 450-kDa glycoprotein composed of three disulphide linked chains, is located in human blood platelet alpha-granules and is released from platelets upon stimulation. This glycoprotein is thought to play a major role in platelet aggregation. The aim of this study was to characterize two monoclonal antibodies (P10 and P12) directed against human blood platelet thrombospondin. When the released material obtained after stimulation of platelets with thrombin in the presence of 2 mM calcium was immediately treated with EDTA, labelled with 125I and incubated with monoclonal antibodies P10 and P12, both immunoprecipitated a major labelled protein band with a molecular mass of 160 kDa and a weaker band at 146 kDa, as analysed on reduced dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels. The major band corresponds in molecular mass to the thrombospondin subunits. If, however, the released material was left in the presence of Ca2+ for 48 h, then the main band was at 130 kDa and in addition one minor protein band (75 kDa) was immunoprecipitated by P10 whereas P12 recognized two minor protein bands (75 and 60 kDa). When P10 and P12 were incubated with 125I-labelled platelet releasates treated for 48 h at 4 degrees C with 10mM EDTA, three major protein bands (160, 146 and 130 kDa) were immunoprecipitated in addition to the minor bands mentioned above. These results indicate that thrombospondin is probably degraded by the endogenous platelet calcium-dependent protease. Investigation of tryptic peptide fragments of thrombospondin isolated by fast protein liquid chromatography showed that 125I-labelled antibody P10 bound to 400-kDa and 120-kDa fragments whereas 125I-labelled P12 only recognized a 400-kDa fragment. Competition studies involving solid-phase antibody binding and double antibody sandwich assays showed that P10 and P12 were directed against different determinants of thrombospondin. Purified thrombospondin, isolated in the presence of calcium, either directly or after treatment with EDTA, haemagglutinated trypsinized, formaldehyde-fixed sheep erythrocytes identically. The haemagglutination activity of EDTA-treated thrombospondin was inhibited by P10 and enhanced by P12. On the other hand, P10 and P12, despite their binding to calcium-treated thrombospondin, had no effect on its haemagglutination activity. Monoclonal antibodies P10 and P12 could be useful tools to investigate the role of thrombospondin in platelet aggregation.