gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of the Lipid Mediator PD1n-3 DPA: Configurational Assignments and Anti-inflammatory and Pro-resolving Actions (2014)

The polyunsaturated lipid mediator PD1n-3 DPA (5) was recently isolated from self-resolving inflammatory exudates of 5 and human macrophages. Herein, the first total synthesis of PD1n-3 DPA (5) is reported in 10 steps and 9% overall yield. These efforts, together with NMR data of its methyl ester 6, confirmed the structure of 5 to be (7Z,10R,11E,13E,15Z,17S,19Z)-10,17-dihydroxydocosa-7,11,13,15,19-pentaenoic acid. The proposed biosynthetic pathway, with the involvement of an epoxide intermediate, was supported by results from trapping experiments. In addition, LC-MS/MS data of the free acid 5, obtained from hydrolysis of the synthetic methyl ester 6, matched data for the endogenously produced biological material. The natural product PD1n-3 DPA (5) demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory properties together with pro-resolving actions stimulating human macrophage phagocytosis and efferocytosis. These results contribute new knowledge on the n-3 DPA structure-function of the growing numbers of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and pathways.
Random mutagenesis of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase I: concordance of immutable sites in vivo with the crystal structure. (1996)

Expression of Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA polymerase I (pol I) in Escherichia, coli complements the growth defect caused by a temperature-sensitive mutation in the host pol I. We replaced the nucleotide sequence encoding amino acids 659-671 of the O-helix of Taq DNA pol I, corresponding to the substrate binding site, with an oligonucleotide containing random nucleotides. Functional Taq pol I mutants were selected based on colony formation at the nonpermissive temperature. By using a library with 9% random substitutions at each of 39 positions, we identified 61 active Taq pol I mutants, each of which contained from one to four amino acid substitutions. Some amino acids, such as alanine-661 and threonine-664, were tolerant of several or even many diverse replacements. In contrast, no replacements or only conservative replacements were identified at arginine-659, lysine-663, and tyrosine-671. By using a library with totally random nucleotides at five different codons (arginine-659, arginine-660, lysine-663, phenylalanine-667, and glycine-668), we confirmed that arginine-659 and lysine-663 were immutable, and observed that only tyrosine substituted for phenylalanine-667. The two immutable residues and the two residues that tolerate only highly conservative replacements lie on the side of O-helix facing the incoming deoxynucleoside triphosphate, as determined by x-ray analysis. Thus, we offer a new approach to assess concordance of the active conformation of an enzyme, as interpreted from the crystal structure, with the active conformation inferred from in vivo function.
Suprachoroidal Seton Implantation in Refractory Glaucoma: A Novel Surgical Technique (2003)

The drainage of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber to the suprachoroidal space with the implantation of the glaucoma Seton device is effective in lowering intraocular pressure in refractory glaucoma.
CXCR7/CXCR4 Heterodimer Constitutively Recruits β-Arrestin to Enhance Cell Migration (2011)

G protein-coupled receptor hetero-oligomerization is emerging as an important regulator of ligand-dependent transmembrane signaling, but precisely how receptor heteromers affect receptor pharmacology remains largely unknown. In this study, we have attempted to identify the functional significance of the heteromeric complex between CXCR4 and CXCR7 chemokine receptors. We demonstrate that co-expression of CXCR7 with CXCR4 results in constitutive recruitment of β-arrestin to the CXCR4·CXCR7 complex and simultaneous impairment of G(i)-mediated signaling. CXCR7/CXCR4 co-expression also results in potentiation of CXCL12 (SDF-1)-mediated downstream β-arrestin-dependent cell signaling pathways, including ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and SAPK as judged from the results of experiments using siRNA knockdown to deplete β-arrestin. Interestingly, CXCR7/CXCR4 co-expression enhances cell migration in response to CXCL12 stimulation. Again, inhibition of β-arrestin using either siRNA knockdown or a dominant negative mutant abrogates the enhanced CXCL12-dependent migration of CXCR4/CXCR7-expressing cells. These results show how CXCR7, which cannot signal directly through G protein-linked pathways, can nevertheless affect cellular signaling networks by forming a heteromeric complex with CXCR4. The CXCR4·CXCR7 heterodimer complex recruits β-arrestin, resulting in preferential activation of β-arrestin-linked signaling pathways over canonical G protein pathways. CXCL12-dependent signaling of CXCR4 and its role in cellular physiology, including cancer metastasis, should be evaluated in the context of potential functional hetero-oligomerization with CXCR7.
Measurement of canine von Willebrand factor using ristocetin and Polybrene. Diagnosis of canine von Willebrand's disease. (1980)

Dogs with VWD provide useful models for the study of the factor VIII complex. However, the study of canine VIIIR:WF has been hampered by the lack of a routine plasma assay for canine RCF, an activity that is usually used as a measure of VIIIR:WF. This study shows that canine plasma can be assayed for RCF with a macroscopic tilt-tube method using formalin-fixed human platelets, ristocetin, and extra canine albumin (5.0 mg/ml) to prevent plasma precipitation. An assay was also developed for canine plasma PBCF, an activity that is closely related to RCF. In 45 normal canine plasmas, VIII:C was not correlated with RCF, PBCF, or VIIIR:AG. However, RCF, PBCF, and VIIIR:AG were well correlated with each other. In 26 canine VWD plasmas, VIII:C was frequently normal, whereas VIIIR:AG, RCF, and PBCF were almost always deficient. The patterns of VIIIR:AG, RCF, and PBCF deficiencies in the canine VWD plasmas suggested that some canine breeds have a "classic" form of VWD whereas other breeds have "variant" forms of disease.
The efficacy of SNOMED, Read Codes, and UMLS in coding ambulatory family practice clinical records. (1996)

This study was initially developed as a traditional quantitative study to determine the level of match of identified clinical terms in three (3) clinical vocabularies. To address concerns raised by a review of the literature and our own experience, a supplemental study to collect qualitative data was added. Dictated progress notes from a stratified sample of patient visits over a period of four (4) years were used to obtain a representative sample of terms. A total of 144 progress notes were selected taking into consideration the usual demographics plus additional variables. From the 144 clinical notes, 864 terms were extracted and evaluated by level of match. The within-term effect was highly significant (F = 58.69, p < or = .001), indicating significant differences in the mean level of match for the three coding systems. Qualitative findings suggest that this and other published studies may not answer questions about the "efficacy of available clinical vocabularies in coding ambulatory family practice clinical records", and additional studies are needed which must be carefully structured and utilize a standardized procedure.
Synthesis of δ‐Lactones from Glutaraldehyde (1972)

Abstract A novel and general synthesis of δ‐lactones from glutaraldehyde is described. The dialdehyde is first reacted with an alkyl or substituted alkyl Grignard reagent to afford a δ‐hydroxyaldehyde in good yield. These aldehydes exist preferentially in the cyclic hemiacetal form (δ‐lactols). Oxidation of the latter compounds to give δ‐lactones is readily achieved with silver oxide or bromine. The δ‐lactols and δ‐lactones serve as intermediates for the total synthesis of steroids.
Persistent Infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis (1993)

Although persistent infection of animals by members of the genus Ehrlichia is well known and may be associated with subsequent severe or fatal illness, persistent infection of humans with Ehrlichia chaffeensis has not been reported. Herein we report a typical case of serologically documented acute ehrlichiosis; despite therapy with tetracycline and chloramphenicol, the patient's condition progressively worsened and he suffered multiple secondary infections and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. He died 68 days after his initial hospitalization. Retrospective immunohistologic examination of both acute-phase bone marrow specimens (obtained day 12 of illness) and postmortem liver tissue specimens (obtained day 68 after onset of disease) revealed E. chaffeensis morulae in mononuclear cells, presumably macrophages and monocytes. Findings of this case provide the first definitive evidence that E. chaffeensis is capable of establishing persistent human infection and suggest a role for this obligate intracellular bacterium in the induction of immune compromise associated with a fatal outcome.
Microcirculation and microvasculature in breast tumors: Pharmacokinetic analysis of dynamic MR image series (2004)

The purpose of this study was to quantify microcirculation and microvasculature in breast lesions by pharmacokinetic analysis of Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI series. Strongly T1-weighted MR images were acquired in 18 patients with breast lesions using a saturation-recovery-TurboFLASH sequence. Concentration-time courses were determined for blood, pectoral muscle, and breast masses and subsequently analyzed by a two-compartment model to estimate plasma flow and the capillary transfer coefficient per unit of plasma volume (F/VP, KPS/VP) as well as fractional volumes of the plasma and interstitial space (fP, fI). Tissue parameters determined for pectoral muscle (fP = 0.04 +/- 0.01, fI = 0.09 +/- 0.01, F/VP = 2.4 +/- 1.3 min(-1), and KPS/VP = 1.2 +/- 0.5 min(-1)) and 10 histologically proven carcinomas (fP = 0.20 +/- 0.07, fI = 0.34 +/- 0.16, F/VP = 2.4 +/- 0.7 min(-1), and KPS/VP = 0.86 +/- 0.62 min(-1)) agreed reasonable well with literature data. Best separation between malignant and benign lesions was obtained by the ratio KPS/F (0.35 +/- 0.17 vs. 1.23 +/- 0.65). The functional imaging technique presented appears promising to quantitatively characterize tumor pathophysiology. Its impact on diagnosis and therapy management of breast tumors, however, has to be evaluated in larger patient studies.
Divergent effects of IL‐12 and IL‐23 on the production of IL‐17 by human T cells (2006)

IL-23 is regarded as a major pro-inflammatory mediator in autoimmune disease, a role which until recently was ascribed to its related cytokine IL-12. IL-23, an IL-12p40/p19 heterodimeric protein, binds to IL-12Rbeta1/IL-23R receptor complexes. Mice deficient for p19, p40 or IL-12Rbeta1 are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis or collagen-induced arthritis. Paradoxically, however, IL-12Rbeta2- and IL-12p35-deficient mice show remarkable increases in disease susceptibility, suggesting divergent roles of IL-23 and IL-12 in modulating inflammatory processes. IL-23 induces IL-17, which mediates inflammation and tissue remodeling, but the role of IL-12 in this respect remains unidentified. We investigated the roles of exogenous (recombinant) and endogenous (macrophage-derived) IL-12 and IL-23, on IL-17-induction in human T-cells. IL-23 enhanced IL-17 secretion, as did IL-2, IL-15, IL-18 and IL-21. In contrast, IL-12 mediated specific inhibition of IL-17 production. These data support the role of IL-23 in inflammation through stimulating IL-17 production by T lymphocytes, and importantly indicate a novel regulatory function for IL-12 by specifically suppressing IL-17 secretion. These data therefore extend previous reports that had indicated unique functions for IL-23 and IL-12 due to distinct receptor expression and signal transduction complexes, and provide novel insights into the regulation of immunity, inflammation and immunopathology.
Osmolarity modulates K+ channel function on rat hippocampal interneurons but not CA1 pyramidal neurons. (1997)

1. Whole-cell and single-channel recording methods were used in conjunction with infrared video microscopy techniques to examine the properties of voltage-activated potassium channels in hippocampal neurons during the application of hyposmolar solutions to hippocampal slices from rats. 2. Hyposmolar external solutions (osmolarity reduced by 10% to 267 mosmol l-1) produced a significant potentiation of voltage-activated K+ current on lacunosum/moleculare (L/M) hippocampal interneurons, but not on CA1 and subiculum pyramidal neurons. Hyperpolarization-activated (IH) and leak currents were not altered during the application of hyposmolar solutions in all cell types. 3. Mean channel open time and the probability of channel opening were dramatically increased under hyposmolar recording conditions for outside-out patches from L/M interneurons; no changes were observed for patches from CA1 pyramidal neurons. Mean current amplitude and the threshold for channel activation were not affected by hyposmotic challenge. 4. Hyposmolar external solutions produced a significant reduction in the firing frequency of L/M interneurons recorded in current-clamp mode. Hyposmolar solutions had no effect on resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude or duration, and spike after-hyperpolarization amplitude. 5. These results indicate that selective modulation of interneuron ion channel activity may be a critical mechanism by which osmolarity can regulate excitability in the central nervous system.
Frequency Domain Acoustic Radiance Transfer for Real-Time Auralization (2009)

A method for modeling room acoustics and auralizing the results in real time with a moving listener is presented. The acoustics modeling is based on the acoustic radiance transfer technique which is capable of modeling arbitrary reflection properties of different materials. The novel idea of implementing this technique in frequency domain allows modeling of all frequencies at once as the time domain technique requires separate runs for each frequency band. Since the auralization of the results requires scaling, adding, and delaying responses as well as convolving them with head-related impulse responses, the massive parallel computation capacity of modern graphics hardware is utilized. Thus, realistic interactive walkthroughs are possible in typical room models with a stationary source.
Carbon Nanotube/Polythiophene Chemiresistive Sensors for Chemical Warfare Agents (2008)

We report a chemiresistor that has been fabricated via simple spin-casting technique from stable CNT dispersion in hexafluoroisopropanol functionalized polythiophene. The sensor has shown high sensitivity and selectivity for a nerve reagent stimulant DMMP. A series of sensing studies, including field effect investigation, electrode passivation, and fluorescent measurement, indicate a combinative mechanism of charge transfer, introduction of scattering sites, and a configurational change of the polymer.
Phenomenology of intrusive imagery in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) (2008)

The study of intrusive mental imagery in anxiety is a growing area of interest. Whilst there is an appreciation of the variation in thematic content (Hirsch &amp; Holmes, 2007), less is understood about the wider phenomenology and function of intrusive imagery across the anxiety disorders. The aim of the review is to adopt a transdiagnostic perspective, and compare and contrast the literature on intrusive imagery in anxiety in terms of the content, prevalence, frequency and characteristics. In addition, a further aim is to present preliminary findings concerning the function of imagery across the spectrum of disorders. The final section of the review summarises the conclusions and suggests areas for future examination.
Contents Vol. 90, 2000 (2000)

040 Differential increase of steroid sulfatase activity in XX and XY trophoblast cells
Low-dose thalidomide plus dexamethasone is an effective salvage therapy for advanced myeloma. (2001)

The association of low-dose thalidomide plus dexamethasone is active against advanced myeloma. A significant proportion of patients benefit from this treatment as a salvage therapy postponing the delivery of chemotherapy.
Identification of a membrane fusion domain and an oligomerization domain in the baculovirus GP64 envelope fusion protein (1995)

The baculovirus GP64 envelope fusion protein (GP64 EFP) is the major envelope glycoprotein of the budded virion and has been shown to mediate acid-triggered membrane fusion both in virions and when expressed alone in transfected cells. Using site-directed mutagenesis and functional assays for oligomerization, transport, and membrane fusion, we localized two functional domains of GP64 EFP. To identify a fusion domain in the GP64 EFP of the Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (OpMNPV), we examined two hydrophobic regions in the GP64 EFP ectodomain. Hydrophobic region I (amino acids 223 to 228) is a cluster of 6 hydrophobic amino acids exhibiting the highest local hydrophobicity in the ectodomain. Hydrophobic region II (amino acids 330 to 338) lies within a conserved region of GP64 EFP that contains a heptad repeat of leucine residues and is predicted to form an amphipathic alpha-helix. In region I, nonconservative amino acid substitutions at Leu-226 and Leu-227 (at the center of the hydrophobic cluster) completely abolished fusion activity but did not prevent GP64 EFP oligomerization or surface localization. To confirm the role of region I in membrane fusion activity, we used a synthetic 21-amino-acid peptide to generate polyclonal antibodies against region I and demonstrated that antipeptide antibodies were capable of both neutralizing membrane fusion activity and reducing infectivity of the virus. In hydrophobic region II, mutations were designed to disrupt several structural characteristics: a heptad repeat of leucine, a predicted alpha-helix, or the local hydrophobicity along one face of the helix. Single alanine substitutions for heptad leucines did not prevent oligomerization, transport, or fusion activity. However, multiple alanine substitutions or proline (helix-destabilizing) substitutions disrupted both oligomerization and transport of GP64 EFP. In addition, a deletion that removed region II and the predicted alpha-helix was defective for oligomerization, whereas a larger deletion that retained region II and the predicted helix was oligomerized. These results indicate that region II is required for oligomerization and transport and suggest that the predicted helical structure of this region may be important for this function. Thus, by using mutagenesis, functional assays, and antibody inhibition, two functional domains were localized within the baculovirus GP64 EFP: a fusion domain located at amino acids 223 to 228 and an oligomerization domain located at amino acids 327 to 335 within a predicted amphipathic alpha-helix.
Great people in culture and education born in the year of Tiger; Four generals born in the year of Tiger (2010)

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Dimensions and Shapes of Block Copolymer Domains Assembled on Lithographically Defined Chemically Patterned Substrates (2006)

Thin films of a nearly symmetric lamellae-forming diblock copolymer of poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) having a bulk repeat period, LO, were directed to assemble vertically away from chemically nanopatterned striped substrates (having a periodicity LS) that consisted of alternating stripes that were preferentially wet by the two blocks of the copolymer. The relative widths of the adjacent stripes were systematically varied such that the normalized line width of the chemical surface pattern, defined as the width of the stripe that was wet by the styrene block of the block copolymer, W, divided by the constant chemical surface pattern period, Ls had values between 0.30 and 0.65. On chemical surface patterns with LS ≈ LO the diblock copolymer domains formed defect-free perpendicular arrays if the normalized line width W/LS, was between 0.36 and 0.63. On chemical surface patterns with LS ≠ LO, the range of W/LS capable of inducing defect free arrays decreased as the difference between LS and LO increased. Single-chain-in-mean-field (SCMF) simulations provided information on the dimensions and shapes of the block copolymer domains. The SCMF simulations indicated that the widths of the lamellae at half film thickness were 0.47LS independent of W/LS and the angle of the interface between the vertically oriented domains remained within 11° of the substrate normal over the range of experimentally relevant values of W/LS.
Collagen and elastin cross-linking: a mechanism of constrictive remodeling after arterial injury (2005)

Constrictive remodeling after arterial injury is related to collagen accumulation. Cross-linking has been shown to induce a scar process in cutaneous wound healing and is increased after arterial injury. We therefore evaluated the effect of cross-linking inhibition on qualitative and quantitative changes in collagen, elastin, and arterial remodeling after balloon injury in the atherosclerotic rabbit model. Atherosclerotic-like lesions were induced in femoral arteries of 28 New Zealand White rabbits by a combination of air desiccation and a high-cholesterol diet. After 1 mo, balloon angioplasty was performed in both femoral arteries. Fourteen rabbits were fed beta-aminopropionitrile (beta-APN, 100 mg/kg) and compared with 14 untreated animals. The remodeling index, i.e., the ratio of external elastic lamina at the lesion site to external elastic lamina at the reference site, was determined 4 wk after angioplasty for both groups. Pyridinoline was significantly decreased in arteries from beta-APN-treated animals compared with controls, confirming inhibition of collagen cross-linking: 0.30 (SD 0.03) and 0.52 (SD 0.02) mmol/mol hydroxyproline, respectively (P = 0.002). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed a profound disorganization of collagen fibers in arteries from beta-APN-treated animals. The remodeling index was significantly higher in beta-APN-treated than in control animals [1.1 (SD 0.3) vs. 0.8 (SD 0.3), P = 0.03], indicating favorable remodeling. Restenosis decreased by 33% in beta-APN-treated animals: 32% (SD 16) vs. 48% (SD 24) (P = 0.02). Neointimal collagen density was significantly lower in beta-APN-treated animals than in controls: 23.0% (SD 3.8) vs. 29.4% (SD 4.0) (P = 0.004). These findings suggest that collagen and elastin cross-linking plays a role in the healing process via constrictive remodeling and restenosis after balloon injury in the atherosclerotic rabbit model.
Enhanced Photoreduction Activity of Carbon Dioxide over Co3O4/CeO2Catalysts under Visible Light Irradiation (2015)

A series of new two semiconductor catalysts, Co 3 O 4 /CeO 2 , were prepared by glycine-nitrate combustion method for photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to produce methanol and ethanol under visible light (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>λ</mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>400</mml:mn></mml:math> nm) irradiation. The catalysts were characterized by BET, UV-vis spectra, XRD, SEM, PL, and XPS and the results indicated that the catalyst with 5 wt.% of Co 3 O 4 has the highest yield among all kinds of tests with the methanol yield of 1.52 μ mol·g −1 ·h −1 and the ethanol yield of 4.75 μ mol·g −1 ·h −1 , which are about 2.34 and 1.71 times as large as those of CeO 2 . However, methanol and ethanol can hardly be detected for Co 3 O 4 under the same condition because of its too narrow band gap. The improvement of the photoreduction activity of Co 3 O 4 doped CeO 2 was caused by the separation of electron-hole pairs of Co 3 O 4 /CeO 2 and charge transfer between Co 3 O 4 and CeO 2 , mimicking the Z-scheme in photosynthesis.