gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comorbidity Between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Across the Lifespan (2015)

The concept of comorbidity between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been discussed for two decades. No review, however, has examined this question in light of the stark contrast in disorder-specific phenomenology and neurobiology. We review reported prevalence rates and the methodological, phenomenological, and theoretical issues concerning concomitant ADHD-OCD. Reported co-occurrence rates are highly inconsistent in the literature. Studies aimed at examining the potential for comorbidity have suffered from various methodological problems, including the existence of very few community samples, highly variable exclusionary criteria, and possible clinical misinterpretation of symptoms. Despite numerous studies suggesting an ADHD-OCD comorbidity, thus far etiological (i.e., genetic) backing has been provided only for a pediatric comorbidity. Additionally, inflated rates of ADHD-OCD co-occurrence may be mediated by the presence of tic disorders, and evidence of impaired neuronal maturational processes in pediatric OCD may lead to possibly transient phenotypical expressions that resemble ADHD symptomatology. Thus, clinicians are encouraged to consider the possibility that ADHD-like symptoms resulting from OCD-specific symptomatology may be misdiagnosed as ADHD. This suggestion may account for the lower co-occurrence rates reported in adolescents and adults and for the lack of a theoretical account for comorbidity in these age groups. Existing literature is summarized and critically reviewed, and recommendations are made for future research.
Rozzle: De-cloaking Internet Malware (2012)

JavaScript-based malware attacks have increased in recent years and currently represent a signicant threat to the use of desktop computers, smartphones, and tablets. While static and runtime methods for malware detection have been proposed in the literature, both on the client side, for just-in-time in-browser detection, as well as offline, crawler-based malware discovery, these approaches encounter the same fundamental limitation. Web-based malware tends to be environment-specific, targeting a particular browser, often attacking specic versions of installed plugins. This targeting occurs because the malware exploits vulnerabilities in specific plugins and fails otherwise. As a result, a fundamental limitation for detecting a piece of malware is that malware is triggered infrequently, only showing itself when the right environment is present. We observe that, using fingerprinting techniques that capture and exploit unique properties of browser configurations, almost all existing malware can be made virtually impssible for malware scanners to detect. This paper proposes Rozzle, a JavaScript multi-execution virtual machine, as a way to explore multiple execution paths within a single execution so that environment-specific malware will reveal itself. Using large-scale experiments, we show that Rozzle increases the detection rate for offline runtime detection by almost seven times. In addition, Rozzle triples the effectiveness of online runtime detection. We show that Rozzle incurs virtually no runtime overhead and allows us to replace multiple VMs running different browser configurations with a single Rozzle-enabled browser, reducing the hardware requirements, network bandwidth, and power consumption.
Language as a Latent Variable: Discrete Generative Models for Sentence Compression (2016)

In this work we explore deep generative models of text in which the latent representation of a document is itself drawn from a discrete language model distribution.We formulate a variational auto-encoder for inference in this model and apply it to the task of compressing sentences.In this application the generative model first draws a latent summary sentence from a background language model, and then subsequently draws the observed sentence conditioned on this latent summary.In our empirical evaluation we show that generative formulations of both abstractive and extractive compression yield state-of-the-art results when trained on a large amount of supervised data.Further, we explore semi-supervised compression scenarios where we show that it is possible to achieve performance competitive with previously proposed supervised models while training on a fraction of the supervised data.
Silver I: its antibacterial properties and mechanism of action (2002)

Silver products have two key advantages: they are broad-spectrum antibiotics and are not yet associated with drug resistance. This article, the first in a two-part series, describes the main mechanism of action of this metallic element.
A register-controlled symmetrical DLL for double-data-rate DRAM (1999)

This paper describes a register-controlled symmetrical delay-locked loop (RSDLL) for use in a high-frequency double-data-rate DRAM. The RSDLL inserts an optimum delay between the clock input buffer and the clock output buffer, making the DRAM output data change simultaneously with the rising or falling edges of the input clock. This RSDLL is shown to be insensitive to variations in temperature, power-supply voltage, and process after being fabricated in 0.21 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The measured r.m.s. jitter is below 50 ps when the operating frequency is in the range of 125-250 MHz.
Collection of small subunit (16S- and 16S-like) ribosomal RNA structures: 1994 (1994)

A collection of diverse 16S and 16S-like rRNA secondary structure diagrams are available. This set of rRNAs contains representative structures from all of the major phylogenetic groupings--Archaea, (eu)Bacteria, and the nucleus, mitochondrion, and chloroplast of Eucarya. Within this broad phylogenetic sampling are examples of the major forms of structural diversity currently known for this class of rRNAs. These structure diagrams are available online through our computer-network WWW server and anonymous ftp, as well as from the author in hardcopy format.
Peptoid NPhe4 in AGRP-Based c[Pro1-Arg2-Phe3-Phe4-Xxx5-Ala6-Phe7-DPro8] Scaffolds Maintain Mouse MC4R Antagonist Potency (2020)

The melanocortin receptors are involved in numerous physiological functions and are regulated by agonists derived from the proopiomelanocortin gene transcript and two endogenous antagonists, agouti and agouti-related protein (AGRP). The key binding and functional determinant of AGRP, an MC3R and MC4R antagonist, is an Arg-Phe-Phe tripeptide sequence located on an exposed hexapeptide (Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe) loop. It has previously been observed that cyclizing this sequence through a DPro-Pro motif (c[Pro<sup>1</sup>-Arg<sup>2</sup>-Phe<sup>3</sup>-Phe<sup>4</sup>-Asn<sup>5</sup>-Ala<sup>6</sup>-Phe<sup>7</sup>-DPro<sup>8</sup>]) resulted in a macrocyclic scaffold with MC4R antagonist activity, with increased MC4R potency when a diaminopropionic acid (Dap) residue is substituted at position 5. In this report, a series of 11 single-peptoid substitutions were performed in the AGRP-derived macrocycles. While most peptoid substitutions decreased MC4R antagonist potency, it was observed that NPhe<sup>4</sup> (compounds <b>4</b> and <b>11</b>) or NDab<sup>5</sup> (diaminobutyric acid, compound <b>7</b>) maintained MC4R antagonist potency. The NPhe<sup>4</sup> substitutions also resulted in MC5R antagonist and inverse agonist activity equipotent to the parent scaffolds. These data may be used in the design of future MC4R and MC5R antagonist leads and probes that possess increased metabolic stability due to the presence of peptoid residues.
Trench filling by ionized metal physical vapor deposition (2001)

Ionized metal physical vapor deposition (IMPVD) is a process in which sputtered metal atoms from a magnetron target are ionized by a secondary plasma, accelerated into the substrate, and deposited with moderately anisotropic fluxes. To investigate these processes, an integrated plasma equipment and feature scale model was developed to simulate the sputtering of metal atoms, their transport in IMPVD reactors, and their deposition into trenches. The model self-consistently predicts the magnitude and distributions (energy and angle) of the depositing metal flux and the profiles of metal deposits in trenches. The predicted profiles agree with experimentally observed trends. The results indicate that the ionization fraction of the depositing metal flux is the critical factor in trench filling. Formation of voids occurs when the ionization fraction of the depositing metal flux is too low or the aspect ratio of the trench is too large. As the aspect ratio of the trench increases, the ionization fraction required for complete trench filling also increases. To increase the ionization fraction, high pressure, low magnetron power and high inductively coupled plasma power are the desired operating conditions. To the degree that the ionization fraction and the ion flux angular distribution vary as a function of radius on the substrate, so will the trench filling properties. This is particularly true near the edge of the wafer where fluxes may be asymmetric.
[Comparative study of ofloxacin+amoxicillin-clavulanic acid versus doxycycline+amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination in the treatment of pelvic Chlamydia trachomatis infections]. (1995)

Oral combination ofloxacin-coamoxiclav is as effective as oral combination doxycycline+coamoxyclav with respectively 96.7% versus 96.6% and 100% versus 98.4% satisfactory clinical et bacteriological results.
Induction of Acrosome Reactions by the Human Zona Pellucida1 (1988)

We have used two approaches to test the ability of the human zona pellucida to induce acrosome reactions in human sperm. First, nonviable human oocytes were incubated for 1 min in a suspension of capacitated sperm (of which fewer than 5% were acrosome-reacted) to allow binding of about 200 sperm per oocyte. Some of the oocytes were fixed immediately, and the remainder were fixed after a further 1-h incubation without free-swimming sperm. As determined by light microscopy, sperm on the zona were only 3 +/- 2% (avg. +/- SD) acrosome-reacted at 1 min, and the incidence increased to 46 +/- 15% during the next hour. Electron microscopy confirmed that most sperm on the zona at 1 min were acrosome-intact. A few sperm were in an early stage of the acrosome reaction. Acrosome reactions occurring on the zona during the subsequent hour appeared to be morphologically normal. Second, treatment of sperm in suspension with acid-disaggregated zonae (2 to 4 zonae/microliter) increased the incidence of acrosome-reacted sperm from 3 +/- 1% to 24 +/- 4%. We conclude that the human zona pellucida, or material intimately associated with it, can induce acrosome reactions in human sperm.
Theory of Three-Dimensional Discontinuous Deformation Analysis and Its Application to a Slope Toppling at Amatoribashi, Japan (2005)

A three-dimensional (3D) rock slope toppling occurred in a discontinuous rock mass. To simulate the failure process and study the mechanism of this rock failure with contact and large displacement in 3D, a new discrete numerical method has been developed called the 3D discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). This article first introduces the basic principles and then derives the formulas in detail. Finally, the slope failure simulation is applied as an example to investigate the applicability of this new method to rock slope failure research. The simulation results indicate the advantages of using this new method to study the mechanism of a rock slope failure with 3D behavior.
FEMH Voice Data Challenge: Voice disorder Detection and Classification using Acoustic Descriptors (2018)

This paper describes the participation of TCS Research and Innovation, Mumbai in the FEMH voice data challenge. The goal of the FEMH voice data challenge is detection of pathological voice and classification into three different categories using voice samples. In this work, we use a mix of speech processing and machine learning techniques to not only automatically detect pathological speech but also classify into one of the three categories namely, Neoplasm, Phonotrauma and Vocal Palsy.
Prognostic Significance of K-ras Codon 12 Mutations in Patients With Resected Stage I and II Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (1999)

Codon 12 K-ras mutations were more common in adenocarcinomas than in squamous cell carcinomas. For the subgroup with stage II NSCLC, there was a statistically significant adverse effect on survival for the presence of K-ras mutations. However, when the entire group was considered, the presence of K-ras mutations was not of prognostic significance in this cohort of patients with resected early-stage NSCLC.
Hemilabile Amidomonophosphine Ligand−Rhodium(I) Complex-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Cycloalkenones (2002)

The asymmetric 1,4-addition reaction of arylboronic acids with cycloalkenones was catalyzed by 1 mol % of an amidomonophosphine-rhodium(I) catalyst in a 10:1 mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water at 100 degrees C, affording 3-arylcycloalkanones in reasonably high enantioselectivity and high yields. It was revealed by NMR, IR, and X-ray spectroscopies that this bidentate amidomonophosphine behaves as a hemilabile ligand that contains a hard donor site in addition to the soft donor in a molecule. Phosphorus atom strongly bonds to rhodium(I), and the amide carbonyl oxygen is coordinatively labile. The reaction efficacy of phenylboronic acid with cyclopent-2-en-1-one was significantly dependent on the possibility of coordination of the amide carbonyl oxygen to rhodium(I).
Superharmonic injection-locked frequency dividers (1999)

Injection-locked oscillators (ILOs) are investigated in a new theoretical approach. A first-order differential equation is derived for the noise dynamics of ILOs. A single-ended injection-locked frequency divider (SILFD) is designed in a 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS technology operating at 1.8 GHz with more than 190 MHz locking range while consuming 3 mW of power. A differential injection-locked frequency divider (DILFD) is designed in a 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS technology operating at 3 GHz and consuming 0.45 mW, with a 190 MHz locking range. A locking range of 370 MHz is achieved for the DILFD when the power consumption is increased to 1.2 mW.
Continuous Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Infusion After Methylprednisolone Treatment in Severe Spinal Cord Injury (2004)

Although methylprednisolone (MP) is the standard of care in acute spinal cord injury (SCI), its functional outcome varies in clinical situation. Recent report demonstrated that MP depresses the expression of growth-promoting neurotrophic factors after acute SCI. The present study was designed to investigate whether continuous infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after MP treatment promotes functional recovery in severe SCI. Contusion injury was produced at the T10 vertebral level of the spinal cord in adult rats. The rats received MP intravenously immediately after the injury and BDNF was infused intrathecally using an osmotic mini-pump for six weeks. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect ED-1, Growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43), neurofilament (NF), and choline acethyl transferase (ChAT) levels. BDNF did not alter the effect of MP on hematogenous inflammatory cellular infiltration. MP treatment with BDNF infusion resulted in greater axonal survival and regeneration compared to MP treatment alone, as indicated by increases in NF and GAP-43 gene expression. Adjunctive BDNF infusion resulted in better locomotor test scores using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) test. This study demonstrated that continuous infusion of BDNF after initial MP treatment improved functional recovery after severe spinal cord injury without dampening the acute effect of MP.
Free vibration of prestress Timoshenko beams resting on elastic foundation (2007)

This paper presents a finite element formulation for investigating the free vibration of uniform Timoshenko beams resting on a Winkler-type elastic foundation and prestressing by axial force. Taking the effect of prestress, foundation support and shear deformation into account, a stiffness matrix for Timoshenko-type beam element is formulated using the energy method. The element consistent mass matrix is obtained from the kinetic energy using simple linear shape functions. Employing the formulated element, the natural frequencies of the beams having various boundary conditions are determined for different values of the axial force and foundation stiffness. The vibration Characteristics of the beams partially supported on the foundation are also studied and highlighted. Specially, the effects of shear deformation on the vibration frequencies of prestress beams fully and partially supported on the elastic foundation are investigated in detail.
INSTRUMENTATION IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTINSTRUMENTATION IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRYCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 6, 537APublication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online24 May 2012Published inissue 1 May 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60342a715RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (153 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A single‐chain variable fragment intrabody prevents intracellular polymerization of Z α 1 ‐antitrypsin while allowing its antiproteinase activity (2015)

Mutant Z α1-antitrypsin (E342K) accumulates as polymers within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes predisposing to liver disease, whereas low levels of circulating Z α1-antitrypsin lead to emphysema by loss of inhibition of neutrophil elastase. The ideal therapy should prevent polymer formation while preserving inhibitory activity. Here we used mAb technology to identify interactors with Z α1-antitrypsin that comply with both requirements. We report the generation of an mAb (4B12) that blocked α1-antitrypsin polymerization in vitro at a 1:1 molar ratio, causing a small increase of the stoichiometry of inhibition for neutrophil elastase. A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) intrabody was generated based on the sequence of mAb4B12. The expression of scFv4B12 within the ER (scFv4B12KDEL) and along the secretory pathway (scFv4B12) reduced the intracellular polymerization of Z α1-antitrypsin by 60%. The scFv4B12 intrabody also increased the secretion of Z α1-antitrypsin that retained inhibitory activity against neutrophil elastase. MAb4B12 recognized a discontinuous epitope probably located in the region of helices A/C/G/H/I and seems to act by altering protein dynamics rather than binding preferentially to the native state. This novel approach could reveal new target sites for small-molecule intervention that may block the transition to aberrant polymers without compromising the inhibitory activity of Z α1-antitrypsin.
Green organic light-emitting devices with external quantum efficiency up to nearly 30% based on an iridium complex with a tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate ligand (2016)

High performance green electroluminescent device with maximum brightness, current efficiency, power efficiency and external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 113 610 cd m<sup>−2</sup>, 112.30 cd A<sup>−1</sup>, 97.95 lm W<sup>−1</sup> and 29.4%, was realized.
THE ROLE OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (1996)

Risk factor intervention is a useful strategy for prevention of poorly understood diseases. Fifteen studies have examined the relation of glucocorticoid and nonsteroid antiinflammatory treatments and onset or progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fourteen of these studies suggest that such treatments (especially nonsteroidal agents) prevent or ameliorate symptoms of AD. Abundant circumstantial evidence implicates inflammation in the pathogenesis of AD. Inhibition of cyclooxygenases, the central action of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (but not a prominent effect of steroids), limits inflammation, but it may also alter neural metabolic pathways, resulting in cell death from excitotoxicity or oxidative stress. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether steroids, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or both can prevent or treat the symptoms of AD.
Lipoproteins of Listeria monocytogenes Are Critical for Virulence and TLR2-Mediated Immune Activation (2008)

Numerous cell surface components of Listeria influence and regulate innate immune recognition and virulence. Here, we demonstrate that lipidation of prelipoproteins in Listeria monocytogenes is required to promote NF-kappaB activation via TLR2. In HeLa cells transiently expressing TLR2, L. monocytogenes and Listeria innocua mutants lacking the prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (lgt) gene are unable to induce TLR2-dependent activation of NF-kappaB, a property intrinsic to their isogenic parental strains. TLR2-dependent immune recognition is directed to secreted, soluble lipoproteins as evidenced by the sensitivity of the response to lipoprotein lipase. Studies of bone marrow-derived macrophages of C57BL/6 wild-type and TLR2-deficient mice infected with wild-type and lgt mutant strains indicate that the absence of host TLR2 receptor signaling has consequences similar to those of the absence of the bacterial TLR2 ligand, i.e., a delay in cellular immune responses directed toward the bacterium. Infection studies with the wild-type and TLR2(-/-) mice indicated attenuation of the lgt deletion mutant in both mouse strains, implying multiple roles of lipoproteins during infection. Further characterization of the Delta lgt mutant indicated that it is impaired for both invasion and intracellular survival and exhibits increased susceptibility to cationic peptides. Our studies identify lipoproteins as the immunologically active ligand of TLR2 and assign a critical role for this receptor in the recognition of these bacteria during infection, but they also reveal the overall importance of the lipoproteins for the pathogenicity of Listeria.