gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of activated lymphocyte-tumor cell adhesion (2000)

This study demonstrates the variable expression of ICAM-1 and leukocyte function antigen-3 (LFA-3) on four tumor cell lines (COLO526, K562, Daudi, and HT-29). In addition, phorbol ester (PMA) activation of lymphocytes modulated LFA-1 from a uniform to a clustered surface distribution; whereas after treatment with high levels of Mg2+ ions, the unique epitope for high-affinity LFA-1 was identified using clone Mab24. Using a flow cytometric adhesion assay it was demonstrated that PMA-activated lymphocytes formed conjugates with COLO526 and Daudi, and that these conjugates were inhibited by anti-CD2 with varying inhibition by LFA-1 clones MHM24 and 25.3.1. When lymphocytes were induced to express the high-affinity form of LFA-1, conjugates were identified with COLO526, K562, and Daudi and these conjugates were sensitive to the presence of both CD2 and LFA-1 antibodies. Further studies using confocal microscopy confirmed significant adhesion between peripheral blood lymphocytes pretreated with either PMA or high levels of Mg2+ and the adherent cell line COLO526. In conclusion, this unique study has demonstrated for the first time the important role of the active form of LFA-1 on the lymphocyte cell surface for conjugate formation with an ICAM-1-expressing tumor cell; also, two pathways of cell signaling were identified for conjugate formation to occur.
Chemical Sensors and Biosensors—Principles and Applications (1991)

Abstract Chemical and environmental engineering and biotechnology are among the fields now being transformed by continually increasing levels of automation. Whereas the objective in other sectors of industry is simply to increase efficiency, here considerations of system theory or safety demand a high level of automation. Either the processes are too complex and require multifunctional control with feedback, or an analysis of the safety requirements shows the necessity for a certain degree of redundancy in the safety measures, and for elimination of human error as a risk factor. With regard to quality control, cost‐benefit analyses lead to striking conclusions which again indicate the need for highly automated, and above all reliable, systems to eliminate rejects. The crux of any automated system is the measurement and control technology; of central importance is the rapid, reliable, and in some cases continuous, measurement and interpretation of key processes or control variables. For this purpose a wide variety of recording instruments and sensors are used to give as accurate a picture as possible of the state of the system. It is obvious from this that the performance of the control system is critically dependent on the sensors. Errors in the measured quantities can become amplified in the control variables or, in dynamic systems, can lead to undesirable operating conditions. Moreover, as a consequence of great advances in microelectronics, “intelligent sensors” which can calibrate and control themselves will be one of the key technologies of the nineties. Unless fast and immediate information on the true current status of a system is available, microprocessors as control devices react blindly and unpredictably to errors in input information. New discoveries in the fields of electronic, electrochemical, and optical transducers are now being applied in heterogeneous catalysis and surface physics, and in biochemistry (enzymology and immunology); in these fields new chemical sensor principles are being tested, which could revolutionize instrumental methods of molecular analysis in particular, owing to their very favorable cost‐performance relationship. This article aims to give an up‐to‐date overview of the current state of the art in these developments, with emphasis on their importance for analysis and their significance in relation to the chemist's interest in mechanisms for identifying substances.
Physical linkage of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene segment to diversity and joining region elements. (1988)

Antibody genes are assembled from a series of germ-line gene segments that are juxtaposed during the maturation of B lymphocytes. Although diversification of the adult antibody repertoire results in large part from the combinatorial joining of these gene segments, a restricted set of antibody heavy chain variable (VH), diversity (DH), and joining (JH) region gene segments appears preferentially in the human fetal repertoire. We report here that one of these early-expressed VH elements (termed VH6) is the most 3' VH gene segment, positioned 77 kilobases on the 5' side of the JH locus and immediately adjacent to a set of previously described DH sequences. In addition to providing a physical map linking human VH, DH, and JH elements, these results support the view that the programmed development of the antibody VH repertoire is determined in part by the chromosomal position of these gene segments.
Resistance of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa to nonopsonic phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages in vitro (1988)

A unique, recently described rat alveolar macrophage cell line (NR8383) was used to study the interaction of the pulmonary immune system with a mucoid cystic fibrosis isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (SRM-3), its nonmucoid revertant (SRM-3R), and a non-cystic fibrosis isolate (PAO-1). Strain SRM-3 was cultivated in a chemostat system to allow maintenance of an entirely mucoid population. The alveolar macrophage response to the mucoid and nonmucoid strains of P. aeruginosa was determined by visually quantitating phagocytosis in acridine orange-stained monolayers and measuring the induction of an oxidative burst as indicated by chemiluminescence and H2O2 production. In all experiments, fewer than 2% of the NR8383 cells engulfed the mucoid SRM-3 isolate, while SRM-3R and PAO-1 were phagocytized by 15 and 41%, respectively. Opsonization by normal serum (complement) provided minimal phagocytic enhancement of these strains, whereas specific anti-P. aeruginosa antibody slightly elevated phagocytic responses to strains with nonmucoid phenotypes while providing a sevenfold increase in uptake of SRM-3. Chemiluminescent and H2O2 responses were comparable with the levels of phagocytosis observed, with very little or no response to the mucoid strain SRM-3. The data indicate that the strains with mucoid phenotypes are refractile to ingestion and that studies which describe ingestion of mucoid strains were likely measuring ingestion of revertants. Alginic acid (2 mg/ml) was found to inhibit stimulation of macrophage response to the opsonized and unopsonized nonmucoid strain PAO-1.
Enhanced flux pinning by BaZrO3 and (Gd,Y)2O3 nanostructures in metal organic chemical vapor deposited GdYBCO high temperature superconductor tapes (2009)

We have formed BaZrO3 nanocolumns and (Gd,Y)2O3 nanoprecipitates in reel-to-reel metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) processed (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3O7−x coated conductors and increased the critical currents (Ic) of the conductors in applied magnetic fields to remarkable levels. A (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3O7−x tape of 1 m in length with 6.5% Zr-additions and 30% composition rich in both Gd and Y showed Ic values of 813 A/cm width at (self-field, 77 K) and above 186 A/cm width at (1 T, 77 K). The strongly enhanced flux pinning over a wide range of magnetic field orientations can be attributed to the bidirectionally aligned defect structures of BaZrO3 and (Gd,Y)2O3 created by optimized MOCVD conditions.
Insider access: pepducin symposium explores a new approach to GPCR modulation (2009)

The inaugural Pepducin Science Symposium convened in Cambridge, Massachusetts on March 8-9, 2009 provided the opportunity for an international group of distinguished scientists to present and discuss research regarding G protein-coupled receptor-related research. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are, arguably, one of the most important molecular targets in drug discovery and pharmaceutical development today. This superfamily of membrane receptors is central to nearly every signaling pathway in the human body and has been the focus of intense research for decades. However, as scientists discover additional properties of GPCRs, it has become clear that much is yet to be understood about how these receptors function. Everyone agrees, however, that tremendous potential remains if specific GPCR signaling pathways can be modulated to correct pathological states. One exciting new approach to this challenge involves pepducins: novel, synthetic lipopeptide pharmacophores that modulate heptahelical GPCR activity from inside the cell membrane.
Development of the Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire to assess pain in cancer and other diseases (1983)

This paper reports the development of a self-report instrument designed to assess pain in cancer and other diseases. It is argued that issues of reliability and validity should be considered for every pain questionnaire. Most research on measures of pain examine reliability to the relative neglect of validity concerns. The Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire (BPQ) is evaluated with regard to both reliability and validity. Data from patients with cancer at 4 primary sites and from patients with rheumatoid arthritis suggest that the BPQ is sufficiently reliable and valid for research purposes. Additional methodological and theoretical issues related to validity are discussed, and the need for continuing evaluation of the BPQ and other measures of clinical pain is stressed.
Modulating Molecular Chaperones Improves Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Decreases the Inflammatory Transcriptome in Diabetic Sensory Neurons (2015)

We have previously demonstrated that modulating molecular chaperones with KU-32, a novobiocin derivative, ameliorates physiologic and bioenergetic deficits of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Replacing the coumarin core of KU-32 with a meta-fluorinated biphenyl ring system created KU-596, a novobiocin analogue (novologue) that showed neuroprotective activity in a cell-based assay. The current study sought to determine whether KU-596 offers similar therapeutic potential for treating DPN. Administration of 2-20 mg/kg of KU-596 improved diabetes induced hypoalgesia and sensory neuron bioenergetic deficits in a dose-dependent manner. However, the drug could not improve these neuropathic deficits in diabetic heat shock protein 70 knockout (Hsp70 KO) mice. To gain further insight into the mechanisms by which KU-596 improved DPN, we performed transcriptomic analysis of sensory neuron RNA obtained from diabetic wild-type and Hsp70 KO mice using RNA sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicated that diabetes strongly increased inflammatory pathways and that KU-596 therapy effectively reversed these increases independent of Hsp70. In contrast, the effects of KU-596 on decreasing the expression of genes regulating the production of reactive oxygen species were more Hsp70-dependent. These data indicate that modulation of molecular chaperones by novologue therapy offers an effective approach toward correcting nerve dysfunction in DPN but that normalization of inflammatory pathways alone by novologue therapy seems to be insufficient to reverse sensory deficits associated with insensate DPN.
A novel temperature-insensitive optical fiber pressure sensor for harsh environments (2005)

A novel diaphragm-based miniature optical fiber pressure sensor has been shown to work at temperatures up to 700/spl deg/C with a sensitivity of 2.93 nm/psi and a resolution of 0.01 psi (68.9 Pa). A passive temperature compensation scheme was used to reduce the temperature dependence to 0.0076 psi//spl deg/C (52.4 Pa//spl deg/C). The sensor exhibited a linear response in the available testing range from 0 to 200 psi (1.38 MPa), and being composed entirely of fused silica, the sensor's structure is very reliable, corrosion resistant, and immune to electromagnetic interference.
Optimal treatment for poor responders to ovarian stimulation: Doesin vitroinsemination offer any advantages to intrauterine insemination? (2003)

A retrospective study was performed of 1832 consecutive in vitro insemination (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles over 18 months, to analyse the benefits or otherwise to the patient of continuing with in vitro treatment or converting the assisted conception cycle to intrauterine insemination (IUI). Two hundred and seventy cycles were identified in which three follicles or fewer were obtained after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation; in 143 of these cycles, the clinicians or patients elected to abandon all treatment, whereas treatment was continued in 127 patients. In 79 cycles, the patients proceeded with IVF/ICSI and in 48 patients, the cycles were converted to IUI. Data were analysed with regard to the clinical pregnancy rate. In addition, the data for IUI were compared with eight cycles of supraovulation IUI (S/IUI) performed over the same period. There were no significant differences in clinical pregnancy rates among any treatment modality 6/48 (12.5%), 6/79 (7.7%) and 1/8 (12.5%) for IUI, IVF and S/IUI, respectively (P = 0.64). The lowest total number of motile spermatozoa required to achieve pregnancy using IUI was 2.0 x 10(6). In conclusion, it appears that, if the treatment is suitable, patients who respond poorly to controlled hyperstimulation for IVF would not be disadvantaged in achieving a pregnancy by offering them conversion to the medically and financially less interventional IUI.
Oxidation-Sensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles (2004)

We have recently demonstrated the possible use of organic polysulfides for the design of oxidation-sensitive colloidal carriers in the form of polymeric vesicles, which are particularly suitable for the encapsulation of hydrosoluble drugs. In the present research we extend our efforts to carriers specifically suitable for hydrophobic molecules. Exploiting the living emulsion polymerization of episulfides, we have produced new cross-linked polysulfide nanoparticles. Here we demonstrate how this process allows the production of stable nanoparticles with a good control over their size and functionality. The nanoparticles showed negligible cytotoxicity on a fibroblast model; furthermore, they exhibited sensitivity to oxidative conditions, which first produce swelling and then solubilize the material.
Enantioselective Addition of Allylic Trimethoxysilanes to Aldehydes Catalyzed byp-Tol-BINAP⋅AgF (1999)

Catalytic asymmetric allylation of aldehydes with allylic trimethoxysilanes was achieved with the p-Tol-BINAP small middle dotAgF complex as catalyst [Eq. (a); p-Tol-BINAP=2,2'-bis(di-p-tolylphosphanyl)-1,1'-binaphthyl)]. High anti and enantioselectivities were obtained in the reaction with crotyltrimethoxysilane, irrespective of the configuration at the double bond.
Towards Perceptual Optimization of the Visual Design of Scatterplots (2017)

Designing a good scatterplot can be difficult for non-experts in visualization, because they need to decide on many parameters, such as marker size and opacity, aspect ratio, color, and rendering order. This paper contributes to research exploring the use of perceptual models and quality metrics to set such parameters automatically for enhanced visual quality of a scatterplot. A key consideration in this paper is the construction of a cost function to capture several relevant aspects of the human visual system, examining a scatterplot design for some data analysis task. We show how the cost function can be used in an optimizer to search for the optimal visual design for a user's dataset and task objectives (e.g., "reliable linear correlation estimation is more important than class separation"). The approach is extensible to different analysis tasks. To test its performance in a realistic setting, we pre-calibrated it for correlation estimation, class separation, and outlier detection. The optimizer was able to produce designs that achieved a level of speed and success comparable to that of those using human-designed presets (e.g., in R or MATLAB). Case studies demonstrate that the approach can adapt a design to the data, to reveal patterns without user intervention.
Stereoblock Polypropylene: Ligand Effects on the Stereospecificity of 2-Arylindene Zirconocene Catalysts (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoblock Polypropylene: Ligand Effects on the Stereospecificity of 2-Arylindene Zirconocene CatalystsElisabeth Hauptman, Robert M. Waymouth, and Joseph W. ZillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 46, 11586–11587Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00151a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00151a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views441Altmetric-Citations155LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Sequence analysis of the 5' noncoding region of hepatitis C virus. (1992)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 5' noncoding (NC) region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome in 44 isolates from around the world. We have identified several HCV isolates with significantly greater sequence heterogeneity than reported previously within the 5' NC region. The most distantly related isolates were only 90.1% identical. Nucleotide insertions were seen in three isolates. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence from 44 HCV isolates in this study combined with that of 37 isolates reported in the literature reveals that the 5' NC region of HCV consists of highly conserved domains interspersed with variable domains. The consensus sequence was identical to the prototype HCV sequence. Nucleotide variations were found in 45 (16%) of the 282 nucleotide positions analyzed and were primarily located in three domains of significant heterogeneity (positions -239 to -222, -167 to -118, and -100 to -72). Conversely, there were three highly conserved domains consisting of 18, 22, and 63 completely invariant nucleotides (positions -263 to -246, -199 to -178, and -65 to -3, respectively). Two nucleotide domains within the 5' NC region, conserved among all HCV isolates studied to date, shared statistically significant similarity with pestivirus 5' NC sequences, providing further evidence for a close evolutionary relationship between these two groups of viruses. Additional analysis revealed the presence of short open reading frames in all HCV isolates. Our sequence analysis of the 5' NC region of the HCV genome provides additional information about conserved elements within this region and suggests a possible functional role for the region in viral replication or gene expression. These data also have implications for selection of optimal primer sequences for the detection of HCV RNA by the PCR assay.
Genetic evidence that ferric reductase is required for iron uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1990)

The requirement for a reduction step in cellular iron uptake has been postulated, and the existence of plasma membrane ferric reductase activity has been described in both procaryotic and eucaryotic cells. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there is an externally directed reductase activity that is regulated by the concentration of iron in the growth medium; maximal activity is induced by iron starvation. We report here the isolation of a mutant of S. cerevisiae lacking the reductase activity. This mutant is deficient in the uptake of ferric iron and is extremely sensitive to iron deprivation. Genetic analysis of the mutant demonstrates that the reductase and ferric uptake deficiencies are due to a single mutation that we designate fre1-1. Both phenotypes cosegregate in meiosis, corevert with a frequency of 10(-7), and are complemented by a 3.5-kilobase fragment of genomic DNA from wild-type S. cerevisiae. This fragment contains FRE1, the wild-type allele of the mutant gene. The level of the gene transcript is regulated by iron in the same was as the reductase activity. The ferrous ion product of the reductase must traverse the plasma membrane. A high-affinity (Km = 5 microM) ferrous uptake system is present in both wild-type and mutant cells. Thus, iron uptake in S. cerevisiae is mediated by two plasma membrane components, a reductase and a ferrous transport system.
Cell surface antigens and other characteristics of T cells regulating the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. (1983)

The administration of a subimmunogenic dose of type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III) produces an antigen-specific T cell-dependent phenomenon termed low-dose paralysis (immunologic unresponsiveness). This form of unresponsiveness can be transferred by spleen cells obtained 5 to 24 hr after priming, and the suppressive activity of the transferred cells is abolished by prior treatment with monoclonal anti-Lyt-2 and anti-I-J antibody in the presence of complement, indicating that suppression is mediated by a distinct subset of T cells (suppressor T cells). If primed spleen cells are transferred 24 to 72 hr after immunization with SSS-III, however, the resulting antibody response of immunized recipients is enhanced. Greater enhancement is noted when transferred cells, pretreated with monoclonal anti-Lyt-2 antibody plus complement to remove suppressor T cells, are used; such enhancement is attributed to amplifier T cells. These findings indicate suppressor T cells regulate the antibody response to SSS-III by influencing the expansion of SSS-III-specific clones of B cells as well as the expression of amplifier T cell activity; the latter causes B cells to proliferate further in response to SSS-III.