gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Training Set on Prediction of Elbow Trajectory from Shoulder Trajectory during Reaching to Targets (2006)

Patients with transhumeral amputations and C5/C6 quadriplegia may be able to use voluntary shoulder motion as command signals for powered prostheses and functional electrical stimulation, respectively. Spatio-temporal synergies exist for goal oriented reaching movements between the shoulder and elbow joints in able bodied subjects. We are using a multi-layer perceptron neural network to discover and embody these synergies. Such a network could be used as a high level functional electrical stimulation (FES) controller that could predict elbow joint kinematics from the voluntary movements of the shoulder joint. Counter-intuitively, a well-chosen reduced data set for training the network resulted in better performance than use of the whole data set against which the predictions of the network were evaluated.
Antitumor Activity of Small Interfering RNA/Cationic Liposome Complex in Mouse Models of Cancer (2004)

By combining siRNA with our cationic liposome, we overcame the difficulty of administering siRNA to animals in ways that can be applied in human therapy. Although our siRNA/liposome complex is not yet in clinical trials, it is expected to provide a novel siRNA therapy for cancer patients.
A Monte Carlo study of multiple scatter effects in Compton scatter densitometry (1988)

The contribution of multiple scatter to the measured signal in x- and gamma-ray Compton scatter densitometry has been investigated theoretically by the use of Monte Carlo techniques to follow individual photon life histories. A three component phantom was employed in the computer model to simulate the patient at three examination sites; the radius/ulna, the femoral neck, and the lumbar spine. Monoenergetic radiation beams of 60- and 100-keV photons and polyenergetic x-ray spectra of 100 and 140 kVp were used. Scattered events were detected over 360 degrees and classified according to their origin and frequency of scatter. The single scatter in bone to multiple scatter ratio was studied as an indication of the signal-to-noise ratio and this was found to vary with phantom size but was independent of photon energy. Correction factors to be used in a clinical densitometer to account for the inclusion of multiple scatter events were computed. These were found to be 0.65-0.58 at the optimum scattering angles for the phantoms considered.
Autoimmune-Like Antibodies to the Ligand-Binding Sites of Myeloma Proteins (1971)

BALB/c mice were immunized with three A-myeloma proteins of BALB/c-2 or BALB/c origin (produced by plasmacytomas MOPC-315, MOPC-460, Adj. PC-22A). Noncross reacting antibodies were formed against Proteins-315 and 460, but the response to Protein-22A was marginal. Proteins-315 and 460 have anti-dinitrophenyl activity, and their reactions with the corresponding BALB/c antibodies were inhibited by dinitrophenyl ligands. It appears that antibodies can be formed in BALB/c mice against unique "idiotypic" determinants in the ligand-binding sites of some BALB/c mycloma proteins.
Monte Carlo Simulation Of Gamma Ray Detectors Using Scintillation Fibers (1989)

The development of thin plastic scintillating fibers has opened the way to new designs for detectors in gamma ray spectroscopy and imaging. Monte Carlo simulation of these scintillating fiber detectors can provide important data for their use in designs of gamma ray telescopes and medical imagers. Results will be presented for different detector designs using 0.25 mm to 1 mm wide scintillation fibers for gamma ray energies between 0.5 and 50 Mev. These simulations show the significant improvements which can be achieved by applying this type of detectors in gamma ray astronomy and medical imaging.
An implantable power and data receiver and neuro-stimulus chip for a retinal prosthesis system (2003)

In certain diseases of the retina, the photoreceptor cells do not respond to light and thus cause blindness. We describe an electronic retinal prosthesis system that can provide some vision to patients by direct electrical stimulation of the retinal neurons. Power and image data are transferred to the implanted stimulator through a wireless inductive link. The system consists of an external video camera with image processing and encoding hardware and a power and data transmitter. Implanted in the eye are power and data receivers, stimulus circuits, and electrode array. The most recent prototype implant device, implemented in 1.2 micron CMOS, implements demodulation and decoding of the data stream and produces biphasic current stimulus pulses for an array of 100 retinal electrodes at video frame rates.
Further Development of the Siemens LPP Hybrid Burner (1998)

Lean premixed (LP) combustion is a proven concept for NOx-reduction in gas turbine systems. Lean premixed liquid fuel systems, also known as LPP (lean premixed prevaporized) systems, however, are more complex, as the fuel has to be atomized, evaporated and premixed prior to combustion and there is a higher risk of autoignition and coking. The Siemens LPP Hybrid burner, which was introduced into the Halmstadvaerket gas turbine of Sydkraft AB in Sweden in 1993, has since proven its reliability. As the primary design criteria have been maximum reliability and security against flashback, it still has a considerable potential for NOx-Emissions reduction. The objectives of this paper are to summarize the activities connected with the further development of the LPP Hybrid burner based on the Halmstadvaerket operation experience. These include the introduction of the LPP burner into a new machine generation with ring combustors as well as investigations into the two phase flow phenomena inside the burner. When the Model VX4.3A gas turbine family was introduced, the LPP Hybrid burner had to be scaled down to fit the different machine sizes. The paper reports on the development steps and first operation experiences with the LPP Hybrid burner system in HBR-combustor machines. In a concluding chapter, the paper outlines the next steps in the LPP development program. These include further experimental and numerical studies which are partly conducted in a co-operation between Sydkraft AB and Siemens AG.
π* ← π Shakeup Satellites for the Analysis of Structure and Bonding in Aromatic Polymers by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (1986)

The applications of ESCA to polymer surface analysis include the use of the secondary final-state effects which lead to satellite structure near the core-level photoemission (PE) lines. Specifically, unsaturated and aromatic functionalities in organic compounds and polymers lead to π* ← π shakeup peaks of less than 10 eV lower kinetic energy (higher binding energy). In the surface analysis of polymers, these features can be utilized for qualitative analysis, identification of the presence and structure of aromatic bonding, and quantitative analysis in determining the amount of a particular block or the aromatic containing function in the near-surface region. Carbon Is shakeups are most often used, but the present study includes detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of shakeup structures from PE lines from each type of atom in hydrocarbon-, siloxane-, and sulfur-containing polymers. These results show the importance of including the shakeup intensity in quantitative peak area calculations and in peak fitting of complex PE envelopes. These studies prove in a variety of systems that the effects of third-row atoms on the final state lead to the presence of shakeup features in atoms with orbitals which do not participate in the aromatic orbital initial state, thus complicating interpretation of structure from the presence of these features. Results from the siloxane and sulfone polymers indicate that previously held assumptions about the nature of the initial-state molecular orbital may overlook the contribution of empty 3d orbitals or increased charge density on the Si or S atom which would spread the pi orbitals to the oxygen in the aromatic siloxane or sulfone systems. Finally, analysis of these features can provide quantitative analysis of polymeric surface structure by monitoring the relative intensity of the feature to the main PE line.
CD163 Expression Confers Susceptibility to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses (2007)

Direct functional screening of a cDNA expression library derived from primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) revealed that CD163 is capable of conferring a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-permissive phenotype when introduced into nonpermissive cells. Transient-transfection experiments showed that full-length CD163 cDNAs from PAM, human U937 cells (histiocytic lymphoma), African green monkey kidney cells (MARC-145 and Vero), primary mouse peritoneal macrophages, and canine DH82 (histocytosis) cells encode functional virus receptors. In contrast, CD163 splice variants without the C-terminal transmembrane anchor domain do not provide PRRSV receptor function. We established several stable cell lines expressing CD163 cDNAs from pig, human, and monkey, using porcine kidney (PK 032495), feline kidney (NLFK), or baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) as the parental cell lines. These stable cell lines were susceptible to PRRSV infection and yielded high titers of progeny virus. Cell lines were phenotypically stable over 80 cell passages, and PRRSV could be serially passed at least 60 times, yielding in excess of 10(5) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml.
632.7 nm CW Operation (20°C) of AlGaInP Visible Laser Diodes Fabricated on (001) 6° off toward [110] GaAs Substrate (1990)

632.7 nm continuous wave operation was achieved at 20°C, by an AlGaInP visible laser diode (LD) with an AlGaInP quaternary active layer fabricated on a (001) GaAs substrate with a misorientation angle of 6° toward the [110] direction. The epitaxial layers for the laser structure are grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The lasing wavelength is almost the same as that for He-Ne lasers. Lasing wavelengths for the LDs were also compared with wavelengths for those fabricated on an exact (001) orientation substrate.
Fluid Selection for Energized Fracture Treatments (2013)

Abstract As the development of unconventional (e.g., tight gas, shales, coalbed methane) and under-pressured reservoirs has increased, so has the demand for innovative hydraulic fracture designs. The use of gases and foams has experienced a significant resurgence in popularity with the development of unconventional reservoirs and with the growing limitations on water supply in some areas. Until recently, the tools available for fracture design were not capable of modeling hydraulic fracturing with compressible fluids and non-isothermal treatments. Ribeiro and Sharma (2012b) presented a model that was capable of simulating hydraulic fracturing treatments with multi-phase, compressible fracturing fluids with changing temperature, phase behavior, and multi-phase leak-off during the treatment. The main objective of this paper is to show how such a model can be used for screening fracturing fluid candidates and for optimizing energized fracture treatments. In conducting this study, we have combined this 3-D compositional fracturing model with a multi-phase well-productivity model for hydraulically fractured wells. This paper presents results for slick water, linear gel, gelled CO2, gelled LPG, N2 foams and CO2 foams in a low permeability reservoir. The simulations showed that good proppant placement and high fracture conductivities can be achieved with foams and gelled fluid formulations. LPG, CO2, and high-quality foams prevent water invasion so they do not impede gas recovery because of water blocking or gel induced damage. In addition, several reservoir parameters appear to control well productivity and therefore fluid selection: (1) relative permeability curves, (2) initial gas saturation, (3) reservoir pressure, and (4) sensitivity to water. The benefits and disadvantages that must be considered when selecting a fracturing fluid are highlighted in this paper and a methodology is proposed to quantify these pros and cons.
Potent RNAi by short RNA triggers (2008)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene-silencing mechanism by which a ribonucleoprotein complex, the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and a double-stranded (ds) short-interfering RNA (siRNA), targets a complementary mRNA for site-specific cleavage and subsequent degradation. While longer dsRNA are endogenously processed into 21- to 24-nucleotide (nt) siRNAs or miRNAs to induce gene silencing, RNAi studies in human cells typically use synthetic 19- to 20-nt siRNA duplexes with 2-nt overhangs at the 3'-end of both strands. Here, we report that systematic synthesis and analysis of siRNAs with deletions at the passenger and/or guide strand revealed a short RNAi trigger, 16-nt siRNA, which induces potent RNAi in human cells. Our results indicate that the minimal requirement for dsRNA to trigger RNAi is an approximately 42 A A-form helix with approximately 1.5 helical turns. The 16-nt siRNA more effectively knocked down mRNA and protein levels than 19-nt siRNA when targeting the endogenous CDK9 gene, suggesting that 16-nt siRNA is a more potent RNAi trigger. In vitro kinetic analysis of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) programmed in HeLa cells indicates that 16-nt siRNA has a higher RISC-loading capacity than 19-nt siRNA. These results suggest that RISC assembly and activation during RNAi does not necessarily require a 19-nt duplex siRNA and that 16-nt duplexes can be designed as more potent triggers to induce RNAi.
Acquired Immunity to Systemic Candidiasis in Immunodeficient Mice (1991)

Twenty-seven percent of beige-athymic (bg/bg nu/nu) mice died of systemic candidiasis 7-20 weeks after gastrointestinal tract colonization with Candida albicans. Conversely, beige-euthymic (bg/bg nu/+) mice colonized with C. albicans for a similar time period did not die or develop systemic candidiasis. C. albicans-colonized bg/bg nu/+ mice, but not bg/bg nu/nu mice, developed C. albicans-specific T cell-dependent antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses, indicating that T cell-dependent responses might explain the acquired resistance of bg/bg nu/+ mice to systemic candidiasis. Colonization with C. albicans enhanced the resistance of T cell-competent bg/bg nu/+ mice, but not bg/bg nu/nu mice, to systemic candidiasis. T cell-mediated immunity activated after mucosal colonization with C. albicans plays an important role in resistance to systemic candidiasis.
Both phyA and phyB Mediate Light-Imposed Repression ofPHYA Gene Expression in Arabidopsis (1999)

The negatively photoregulated PHYA gene has a complex promoter structure in Arabidopsis, with three active transcription start sites. To identify the photoreceptors responsible for regulation of this gene, and to assess the relative roles of the three transcription start sites, we analyzed the changes in PHYA transcript levels in wild-type and photoreceptor mutant seedlings under various irradiation conditions. Continuous far-red or red light exposures each induced a significant decline in transcript levels in wild-type etiolated seedlings. Analysis of mutants specifically lacking either phyA or phyB protein demonstrated that these phytochromes are required for the negative regulation induced by far-red and red light, respectively. Ribonuclease protection experiments showed further that this negative regulation is confined almost exclusively to the shortest, most abundant PHYA transcript, and occurs predominantly in shoots. By contrast, both of the other minor transcripts in shoots, and all three transcripts in roots, exhibit near constitutive expression. This complex expression pattern indicates that the PHYA gene is subject to regulation by multiple signals, including environmental, developmental, and organ-specific signals.
Rat surfactant protein D enhances the production of oxygen radicals by rat alveolar macrophages (1992)

Rat surfactant protein D (SP-D) was shown to enhance the production of oxygen radicals by rat alveolar macrophages. This enhancement, which was determined by a lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence assay, was maximal after 18 min at an SP-D concentration of 0.2 micrograms/ml. Surfactant lipids did not influence the stimulation of alveolar macrophages by SP-D, whereas the oxygen-radical production of these cells induced by surfactant protein A was inhibited by the lipids in a concentration-dependent manner.
Direct Imaging of DNA in Living Cells Reveals the Dynamics of Chromosome Formation (1999)

Individual chromosomes are not directly visible within the interphase nuclei of most somatic cells; they can only be seen during mitosis. We have developed a method that allows DNA strands to be observed directly in living cells, and we use it to analyze how mitotic chromosomes form. A fluorescent analogue (e.g., Cy5-dUTP) of the natural precursor, thymidine triphosphate, is introduced into cells, which are then grown on the heated stage of a confocal microscope. The analogue is incorporated by the endogenous enzymes into DNA. As the mechanisms for recognizing and removing the unusual residues do not prevent subsequent progress around the cell cycle, the now fluorescent DNA strands can be followed as they assemble into chromosomes, and segregate to daughters and granddaughters. Movies of such strands in living cells suggest that chromosome axes follow simple recognizable paths through their territories during G2 phase, and that late replicating regions maintain their relative positions as prophase chromosomes form. Quantitative analysis confirms that individual regions move little during this stage of chromosome condensation. As a result, the gross structure of an interphase chromosome territory is directly related to that of the prophase chromosome.
Synthesis of laminarin sulfates with anticoagulant activity. (1992)

Laminarin sulfates were synthesized without significant degradation of the genuine laminarin chain using SO3/pyridine complex as a sulfation reagent. 6 derivatives with a degree of sulfation (d.s.) ranging from 0.30 to 2.26 could be obtained. According to methylation analysis the C-6-OH-groups of the glucose molecules were preferentially substituted, followed by the OH-groups at C-2 and C-4. The derivatives Lam S1 (d.s. = 0.30) and Lam S2 (d.s. = 0.64) showed no activity in the blood coagulation tests. With increasing d.s. the anticoagulant activity increased until an optimum d.s. of 1.49. Anticoagulant laminarin sulfates showed significant activity in the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test but were less active in the anti-Factor Xa as well as anti-Factor IIa assay. Therefore, the anticoagulant activity of the synthesized laminarin sulfates is due to the interaction at an early stage of the coagulation cascade and neither to a direct inhibition of Factor Xa and IIa nor to an indirect effect mediated by antithrombin III.
Generation of human monoclonal antibodies reactive with human mammary carcinoma cells. (1980)

Lymphocytes from lymph nodes obtained at mastectomy in breast cancer patients have been fused with murine nonproducer myeloma cells to obtain human-mouse hybridoma cultures that synthesize human monoclonal antibodies. To date, 52 hybridoma cultures synthesizing either human IgG or human IgM have been obtained from lymph nodes of 13 patients. Ig production was stable in many of these cloned cultures through 60-200 days of observation. Levels of human Ig synthesis ranged from 0.1 to 20 microgram/ml of supernatant fluid. The immunological reactivities of the human Igs were assayed on tissue sections by using the immunoperoxidase technique. Several of the human monoclonal antibodies demonstrated preferential binding to human mammary tumor cells. One human IgM monoclonal antibody was used to discriminate between mammary carcinoma cells (from 55 of 59 patients) and normal mammary epithelial cells, stroma, or lymphocytes of the same breast. Decreased binding to some of the benign breast tumors tested and to selected non-breast adenocarcinomas was also observed. This same human monoclonal antibody, however, reacted significantly with metastatic mammary carcinoma cells in lymph nodes of breast cancer patients, with no binding to normal lymphocytes or to stroma of the same node. These studies demonstrate that stable clones of human-mouse hybridomas can be generated by using lymph nodes of mastectomy patients and that clones can be selected which synthesize human monoclonal antibodies reactive with human mammary carcinoma cells.
Transductive Inference for Text Classification using Support Vector Machines (1999)

This paper introduces Transductive Support Vector Machines (TSVMs) for text classification. While regular Support Vector Machines (SVMs) try to induce a general decision function for a learning task, Transductive Support Vector Machines take into account a particular test set and try to minimize misclassifications of just those particular examples. The paper presents an analysis of why TSVMs are well suited for text classification. These theoretical findings are supported by experiments on three test collections. The experiments show substantial improvements over inductive methods, especially for small training sets, cutting the number of labeled training examples down to a twentieth on some tasks. This work also proposes an algorithm for training TSVMs efficiently, handling 10,000 examples and more.
Functional link artificial neural network-based adaptive channel equalization of nonlinear channels with QAM signal (2002)

We investigate the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to adaptive channel equalization in a digital communication system with QAM signal. A novel computationally efficient functional link ANN (FLANN) is proposed for this purpose and its performance comparison with two other ANN structures (i.e., a multilayer perceptron and a polynomial perceptron network) along with a conventional linear equalizer trained with least mean squares algorithm has been carried out. The effect of the eigenvalue ratio (EVR) of the input correlation matrix on the equalizer performance has been studied. It is shown that the proposed equalizer structure outperforms the other two ANN structures and the linear equalizer in terms of the convergence rate, MSE floor and EER over a wide range of EVR and SNR conditions for both linear and nonlinear channel models.
Isolation and structure of the cytostatic linear depsipeptide dolastatin 15 (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and structure of the cytostatic linear depsipeptide dolastatin 15George R. Pettit, Yoshiaki Kamano, Claude Dufresne, Ronald L. Cerny, Cherry L. Herald, and Jean M. SchmidtCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 26, 6005–6006Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00287a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00287a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views545Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts