gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular monolayer rods and tubules made of .alpha.-(L-lysine),.omega.-(amino) bolaamphiphiles (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular monolayer rods and tubules made of .alpha.-(L-lysine),.omega.-(amino) bolaamphiphilesJuergen Hinrich Fuhrhop, Dragan Spiroski, and Christoph BoettcherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4, 1600–1601Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00057a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00057a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views524Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of Non-Intensified Charge-Coupled Device Area X-ray Detectors (1994)

Area X-ray detectors based on charge-coupled device imagers can provide excellent performance in terms of spatial resolution, sensitivity and dynamic range. Improvements in the fabrication of the primary converter, either scintillator or phosphor, mean that it is becoming possible to dispense with prestorage intensifiers and still provide outstanding low-level signal performance. Structured CsI scintillators are presented as one method of providing high efficiency and excellent spatial resolving power for this primary converter. Characterization of detector performance, in terms of such parameters as the detective quantum efficiency, point-spread function and dynamic range, needs to be directly related to the specific application of the detector. This contribution emphasizes the interplay of these parameters in the optimum design of detector systems. Performance prediction, based on measurements taken from prototype development systems, illustrates how such detectors will meet the exacting requirements of macromolecular crystallography.
Molecular design and synthesis of B-10 carriers for neutron capture therapy (1991)

Abstract
Neuroprotective Effects of a Novel Non–Receptor-Binding Estrogen Analogue (2002)

Our study shows that ZYC3, a non-receptor-binding estrogen analogue, possesses both neuroprotective and vasoactive effects, which offers the possibility of clinical application for stroke without the side effects of estrogens. It also suggests that both the neuroprotective and vasoactive effects of estrogen are receptor independent.
The effects of low level laser irradiation on osteoblastic cells (2001)

Low level laser therapy has been used in treating many conditions with reports of multiple clinical effects including promotion of healing of both hard and soft tissue lesions. Low level laser therapy as a treatment modality remains controversial, however. The effects of wavelength, beam type, energy output, energy level, energy intensity, and exposure regime of low level laser therapy remain unexplained. Moreover, no specific therapeutic window for dosimetry and mechanism of action has been determined at the level of individual cell types. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low level laser irradiation on the human osteosarcoma cell line, SAOS-2. The cells were irradiated as a single or daily dose for up to 10 days with a GaAlAs continuous wave diode laser (830 nm, net output of 90 mW, energy levels of 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 Joules). Cell viability was not affected by laser irradiation, with the viability being greater than 90% for all experimental groups. Cellular proliferation or activation was not found to be significantly affected by any of the energy levels and varying exposure regimes investigated. Low level laser irradiation did result in a heat shock response at an energy level of 2 J. No significant early or late effects of laser irradiation on protein expression and alkaline phosphatase activity were found. Investigation of intracellular calcium concentration revealed a tendency of a transient positive change after irradiation. Low level laser irradiation was unable to stimulate the osteosarcoma cells utilised for this research at a gross cell population level. The heat shock response and increased intracellular calcium indicate that the cells do respond to low level laser irradiation. Further research is required, utilising different cell and animal models, to more specifically determine the effects of low level laser irradiation at a cellular level. These effects should be more thoroughly investigated before low level laser therapy can be considered as a potential accelerator stimulus for orthodontic tooth movement.
Identification of Missing Genes and Enzymes for Autotrophic Carbon Fixation in Crenarchaeota (2010)

Two autotrophic carbon fixation cycles have been identified in Crenarchaeota. The dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle functions in anaerobic or microaerobic autotrophic members of the Thermoproteales and Desulfurococcales. The 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle occurs in aerobic autotrophic Sulfolobales; a similar cycle may operate in autotrophic aerobic marine Crenarchaeota. Both cycles form succinyl-coenzyme A (CoA) from acetyl-CoA and two molecules of inorganic carbon, but they use different means. Both cycles have in common the (re)generation of acetyl-CoA from succinyl-CoA via identical intermediates. Here, we identified several missing enzymes/genes involved in the seven-step conversion of succinyl-CoA to two molecules of acetyl-CoA in Thermoproteus neutrophilus (Thermoproteales), Ignicoccus hospitalis (Desulfurococcales), and Metallosphaera sedula (Sulfolobales). The identified enzymes/genes include succinyl-CoA reductase, succinic semialdehyde reductase, 4-hydroxybutyrate-CoA ligase, bifunctional crotonyl-CoA hydratase/(S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, and beta-ketothiolase. 4-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase, which catalyzes a mechanistically intriguing elimination of water, is well conserved and rightly can be considered the key enzyme of these two cycles. In contrast, several of the other enzymes evolved from quite different sources, making functional predictions based solely on genome interpretation difficult, if not questionable.
Renal cell carcinoma induces interleukin 10 and prostaglandin E2 production by monocytes (1998)

Immunotherapy with interleukin 2 (IL-2) is not an effective anti-cancer treatment in the majority of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), suggesting that the activation of cytotoxic T cells or NK cells may be impaired in vivo in these patients. The production of immunosuppressive factors by RCC was investigated. Using immunohistochemistry, IL-10 was detectable in 10 of 21 tumour samples tested. IL-10 was undetectable in the supernatant of cell lines derived from these RCCs. However, these cell lines or their conditioned medium (RCC CM), but not normal renal epithelial cells adjacent to the RCC or breast carcinoma cell lines, were found to induce IL-10, as well as prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α production by autologous or allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes. IL-10 production induced by RCC CM was found to be dependent on TNF-α and PGE2since an anti-TNF-α antibody (Ab) inhibited 40–70% of IL-10 production by monocytes, and the combination of anti-TNF-α Ab and indomethacin, an inhibitor of PGE2 production, inhibited 80–94% of RCC CM-induced IL-10 production by monocytes. The RCC CM of the five cell lines tested were found to induce a down-regulation of the expression of HLA-DR and CD86, as well as a strong inhibition of mannose receptor-dependent endocytosis by monocytes. The blockade of HLA-DR and CD86 expression was partially abrogated by indomethacin and anti-IL-10 Ab respectively, and completely abrogated by an anti-TNF-α Ab. The inhibition of mannose receptor-dependent endocytosis was partially abrogated by an anti-IL-10 Ab and completely abrogated by an anti-TNF-α Ab. These esults indicate that RCCs induce IL-10, PGE2and TNF-α production by monocytes, which down-regulate the expression of cell-surface molecules involved in antigen presentation as well as their endocytic capacity.
Poroelastic Dual-Porosity/Dual-Permeability After-Closure Pressure-Curves Analysis in Hydraulic Fracturing (2016)

Summary The dual-porosity and dual-permeability theory of poroelasticity is used to analyze the wellbore dual-pressure responses of dual-porosity or naturally fractured formations. The pressure decline is analyzed by modeling the dual-pressure regimes of the dual-porosity/dual-permeability medium during the after-closure phase of hydraulic fracturing. The analysis shows that both the matrix and natural-fracture permeability, as well as the developed-fracture length, can be estimated on the basis of the obtained pseudolinear and pseudoradial dual-pressure and dual-flow regimes. The estimations are made by use of the corresponding one-half and −1 slopes in the time-history plots of the wellbore-pressure derivative. The transition period between pseudolinear and pseudoradial regimes is also analyzed. The solution involves three time scales related to the rate of fluid flow through and in between the matrix and fractures network. Findings indicate the possible emergence of an additional −½ slope in the log-log pressure-derivative plot of low-permeability shale formations. It is further shown that the transient-pressure response of the formation could be calibrated by incorporating an appropriate interporosity flow coefficient as a measure of the linear-fluid-exchange capacity between the matrix and fracture porosities. The analytical expressions for the time markers of the upper limit for the pseudolinear regime, lower limit for the pseudoradial regime, and the time at which the dip bases occur in pressure-derivative curves are given to estimate this parameter. The solution is successfully applied to and matched with a published set of field data to provide estimations for the associated reservoir properties. The field-data analysis is elaborated by a corresponding sensitivity analysis, through which the prominent poroelastic parameters of the solution are determined. Last, the definitions of conventional key parameters attributed to solutions of this type, such as formation total compressibility, storage coefficients, and hydraulic diffusivity, are reformulated by use of the presented dual-porosity poroelastic approach to the problem.
Sketch-based shape retrieval (2012)

We develop a system for 3D object retrieval based on sketched feature lines as input. For objective evaluation, we collect a large number of query sketches from human users that are related to an existing data base of objects. The sketches turn out to be generally quite abstract with large local and global deviations from the original shape. Based on this observation, we decide to use a bag-of-features approach over computer generated line drawings of the objects. We develop a targeted feature transform based on Gabor filters for this system. We can show objectively that this transform is better suited than other approaches from the literature developed for similar tasks. Moreover, we demonstrate how to optimize the parameters of our, as well as other approaches, based on the gathered sketches. In the resulting comparison, our approach is significantly better than any other system described so far.
Fecal methylated markers for the detection of adenocarcinoma in Ileal pouches of patients with underlying ulcerative colitis (2008)

Patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease undergo total abdominal colectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) as choice procedures to alleviate symptoms associated with their disease. Although the surgical procedure substantially reduces the risk for colon cancer and dysplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis, there is occurrence of adenocarcinoma in patients with IPAA. The risk and incidence for pouch cancer has increasingly been recognized in recent years. Based on our clinical experience, surveillance pouch endoscopy with routine H & E histology has missed adenocarcinoma of the pouch. Better markers are needed for early and accurate detection of dysplasia. Our aim was to assess methylated genetic markers for the detection of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma using fecal samples from ulcerative colitis patients with IPAA. Ulcerative colitis patients with IPAA diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the pouch were recruited from our subspecialty Pouchitis Clinic. Patients who underwent sequential surveillance pouch endoscopy were included. Diagnosis of pouch adenocarcinoma was confirmed by re-review of biopsy and resection specimens by a GI pathologist. DNA materials were extracted from archived fecal samples from the diagnostic or surveillance pouch endoscopy, and blindly analyzed 6 methylated DNA markers BMP3, ALX4, EY2, EY4, UNC5, and GA5 which have been known to be involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and tumorigenesis. Three patients were studied. Demographics, timeline of disease progression and presence of methylated genes are elucidated in the Table. One patient died 4 months after cancer was diagnosed and one patient died 17 months after cancer was diagnosed No Caption available. No Caption available. In our study we demonstrated that six genes commonly methylated in CRC are also methylated in patients with pouch adenocarcinoma; that methylation of the genes occur before histological evidence of dysplasia/adenocarcinoma in pouchitis patients; and that fecal DNA assay may provide an adjunct tool for early and accurate detection of pouch neoplasm.
Management of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2009)

Evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus focus on three areas: intensive lifestyle intervention that includes at least 150 minutes per week of physical activity, weight loss with an initial goal of 7 percent of baseline weight, and a low-fat, reduced-calorie diet; aggressive management of cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., hypertension, dyslipidemia, and microalbuminuria) with the use of aspirin, statins, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; and normalization of blood glucose levels (hemoglobin A1C level less than 7 percent). Insulin resistance, decreased insulin secretion, and increased hepatic glucose output are the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes, and each class of medication targets one or more of these defects. Metformin, which decreases hepatic glucose output and sensitizes peripheral tissues to insulin, has been shown to decrease mortality rates in patients with type 2 diabetes and is considered a first-line agent. Other medications include sulfonylureas and nonsulfonylurea secretagogues, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones. Insulin can be used acutely in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes to normalize blood glucose, or it can be added to a regimen of oral medication to improve glycemic control. Except in patients taking multiple insulin injections, home monitoring of blood glucose levels has questionable utility, especially in relatively well-controlled patients. Its use should be tailored to the needs of the individual patient.
Characterization of a dc atmospheric pressure normal glow discharge (2005)

Atmospheric pressure dc glow discharges were generated between a thin cylindrical anode and a flat cathode. Voltage–current characteristics, visualization of the discharge and estimations of the current density indicate that the discharge is operating in the normal glow regime. Emission spectroscopy and gas temperature measurements using the 2nd positive band of N2 indicate that the discharge forms a non-equilibirum plasma. Rotational temperatures are 700 K and 1550 K and vibrational temperatures are 5000 K and 4500 K for a 0.4 mA and 10 mA discharge, respectively. The discharge was studied for inter-electrode gap spacing in the range of 20 µm–1.5 cm. It is possible to distinguish a negative glow, Faraday dark space and positive column regions of the discharge. The radius of the primary column is about 50 µm and is relatively constant with changes in electrode spacing and discharge current. Estimations show that this radial size is important in balancing heat generation and diffusion and in preventing thermal instabilities and the transition to an arc.
Disulfide- and Multisulfide-Containing Metabolites from Marine Organisms (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTDisulfide- and Multisulfide-Containing Metabolites from Marine OrganismsCheng-Shi Jiang†, Werner E. G. Müller‡, Heinz C. Schröder‡, and Yue-Wei Guo*†View Author Information† State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China‡ Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 4, 2179–2207Publication Date (Web):December 16, 2011Publication History Received16 May 2011Published online16 December 2011Published inissue 11 April 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr200173zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr200173zreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5965Altmetric-Citations212LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Disulfides,Metabolism,Peptides and proteins,Toxicity Get e-Alerts
Mitochondria Uncoupling by a Long Chain Fatty Acyl Analogue (1998)

Mitochondria uncoupling by fatty acids in vivo is still questionable, being confounded by their dual role as substrates for oxidation and as putative genuine uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. To dissociate between substrate and the uncoupling activity of fatty acids in oxidative phosphorylation, the uncoupling effect was studied here using a nonmetabolizable long chain fatty acyl analogue. beta,beta'-Methyl-substituted hexadecane alpha,omega-dioic acid (MEDICA 16) is reported here to induce in freshly isolated liver cells a saturable oligomycin-insensitive decrease in mitochondrial proton motive force with a concomitant increase in cellular respiration. Similarly, MEDICA 16 induced a saturable decrease in membrane potential, proton gradient, and proton motive force in isolated liver and heart mitochondria accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial respiration. Uncoupling by MEDICA 16 in isolated mitochondria was partially suppressed by added atractyloside. Hence, fatty acids may act as genuine uncouplers of cellular oxidative phosphorylation by interacting with specific mitochondrial proteins, including the adenine nucleotide translocase.
Synthesis of 2‘-O-Benzoyl-3-keto-6-O-propargyl-11,12-carbamoyl Erythromycin A (2002)

An efficient and practical synthesis of 2‘-O-benzoyl-3-keto-6-O-propargyl-11,12-carbamoyl erythromycin A (4) is described. The semisynthetic macrolide was prepared on large scale in seven steps in 38% overall isolated yield from the readily available bis(trimethylsilyloxy) ether of erythromycin A oxime ketal (5). The chemistry, which required no chromatography, involved selective hydrolysis, alkylation, and hydroxyl protection transformations.
Reactions of diaryliodonium salts with sodium alkoxides (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of diaryliodonium salts with sodium alkoxidesJacek J. Lubinkowski, Jerome W. Knapczyk, Jose L. Calderon, Lelys R. Petit, and William E. McEwenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 21, 3010–3015Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00909a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (745 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CD28 Ligation Induces Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Pyk2 but Not Fak in Jurkat T Cells (1999)

Protein tyrosine kinases are critical for the function of CD28 in T cells. We examined whether the tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Fak (members of the focal adhesion kinase family) are involved in CD28 signaling. We found that ligating CD28 in Jurkat T cells rapidly increases the tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 but not of Fak. Paxillin, a substrate for Pyk2 and Fak, was not tyrosine-phosphorylated after CD28 ligation. CD28-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 was markedly reduced in the absence of external Ca2+. Previous studies have shown that the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2. In this report, the concurrent ligation of CD28 and TCR increased tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2; however, the extent of phosphorylation by both receptors was equivalent to the sum of that induced by each receptor alone. The Syk/Zap inhibitor piceatannol blocked CD28, and TCR induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2, suggesting that Syk/Zap is involved in Pyk2 phosphorylation. In contrast, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin blocked TCR- but not CD28-induced phosphorylation of Pyk2, suggesting that CD28 and TCR activate distinct pathways to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2. Notably, depleting phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-sensitive protein kinase C did not block CD28- and CD3-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2. These data provide evidence for the involvement of Pyk2 in the CD28 signaling cascade and suggest that neither Fak nor paxillin is involved in the signaling pathways of CD28.