gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural Study of Cervical Gonorrhea (1977)

An ultrastructural examination of the squamocolumnar junction of the cervix of patients infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae is described. Gonococci were found to become firmly attached to stratified squamous epithelium, a process that appeared to be initiated by activity of the cytoplasmic membrane of superficial squames. By contrast, gonococci were not found attached to, or even closely associated with, mucus-secreting columnar epithelium. Gonococcal growth, as evidenced by numbers of organisms and surface vesicle formation, appeared most active in cervical secretions, chiefly on exfoliated squames, but also lying free. Survival after phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes was found not to be unique to gonococci, and it is suggested that continual phagocytic recycling minimizes the significance of this occurrence. It seems probable that persistence of gonorrhea in the female depends upon the adherence of gonococci to stratified epithelium, where they are protected from phagocytosis, and the infectivity of gonorrhea arises from the ability of gonococci to divide rapidly on the surface of exfoliated squames, from where they are released into secretions.
The Effects of Capsaicin and Capsiate on Energy Balance: Critical Review and Meta-analyses of Studies in Humans (2011)

Consumption of spicy foods containing capsaicin, the major pungent principle in hot peppers, reportedly promotes negative energy balance. However, many individuals abstain from spicy foods due to the sensory burn and pain elicited by the capsaicin molecule. A potential alternative for nonusers of spicy foods who wish to exploit this energy balance property is consumption of nonpungent peppers rich in capsiate, a recently identified nonpungent capsaicin analog contained in CH-19 Sweet peppers. Capsiate activates transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) receptors in the gut but not in the oral cavity. This paper critically evaluates current knowledge on the thermogenic and appetitive effects of capsaicin and capsiate from foods and in supplemental form. Meta-analyses were performed on thermogenic outcomes, with a systematic review conducted for both thermogenic and appetitive outcomes. Evidence indicates that capsaicin and capsiate both augment energy expenditure and enhance fat oxidation, especially at high doses. Furthermore, the balance of the literature suggests that capsaicin and capsiate suppress orexigenic sensations. The magnitude of these effects is small. Purposeful inclusion of these compounds in the diet may aid weight management, albeit modestly.
Rat Umbilical Cord Stem Cells Completely Abolish Rat Mammary Carcinomas with No Evidence of Metastasis or Recurrence 100 Days Post–Tumor Cell Inoculation (2009)

Genetically engineered stem cells efficiently deliver therapeutic proteins to cancer and other sites of inflammation. However, a major advantage would be realized if tumor-trafficking stem cells that have not been genetically modified exhibit an inherent antitumor effect, thus circumventing the necessity of the expression of exogenous genes by the cells. We transplanted Fisher 344 rat-derived mammary adenocarcinoma cells (Mat B III) orthotopically into syngeneic F344 rats with an intact immune system. Rat umbilical cord matrix stem (rUCMS) cells derived from Wharton's jelly were then administered intratumoral (i.t) or i.v. 4 days later. The tumor attenuation effect was significantly evident starting from day 14 in i.v. and i.t. rUCMS cell-transplanted rats compared with sham-transplanted rats. In addition, unmodified rUCMS cell-transplanted rats showed complete regression of tumors to undetectable levels by 34 to 38 days with no evidence of metastasis or recurrence 100 days post-tumor cell inoculation. Dye-loaded rUCMS cells were identified within tumors only 4 days after their i.v. transplantation. In vitro colony assays with rUCMS cells as feeder layers markedly reduced Mat B III colony size and number. Growth attenuation of Mat B III cells exposed to either rUCMS cells directly or to the conditioned medium derived from rUCMS cells was associated with apoptosis indicators, including increased activated caspase-3. In addition, rUCMS cells cocultured with Mat B III cells had a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect on Mat B III cells. These findings suggest that unmodified human UCMS cells could be used for targeted cytotherapy for breast cancer.
Acid-Labile Human Leukocyte Interferon in Homosexual Men with Kaposi's Sarcoma and Lymphadenopathy (1982)

Some immunologic parameters in homosexual patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) or unexplained lymphadenopathy resemble findings in patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Many patients with SLE have an unusual acid-labile form of human leukocyte interferon (HuIFN-alpha) in their serum. Sera from 91 homosexual men were tested for the presence of HuIFN. Of 27 patients with KS, 17 had significant titers of HuIFN in their serum. Ten of 35 patients with lymphadenopathy and three of four patients with other clinical symptoms also had circulating HuIFN. In contrast, only two of 25 apparently healthy subjects had serum HuIFN. All 32 samples of HuIFN had antiviral activity on bovine cells, a characteristic of HuIFN-alpha, and all of 14 representative samples tested were neutralized by antibody to HuIFN-alpha. In addition, the HuIFN-alpha in six of eight representative patients was inactivated at pH 2 and therefore appears to be similar to the HuIFN-alpha found in patients with SLE. These findings suggest that an autoimmune disorder may underly lymphadenopathy and KS in homosexual men.
Quantum-mechanical noise in an interferometer (1981)

The interferometers now being developed to detect gravitational waves work by measuring the relative positions of widely separated masses. Two fundamental sources of quantum-mechanical noise determine the sensitivity of such an interferometer: (i) fluctuations in number of output photons (photon-counting error) and (ii) fluctuations in radiation pressure on the masses (radiation-pressure error). Because of the low power of available continuous-wave lasers, the sensitivity of currently planned interferometers will be limited by photon-counting error. This paper presents an analysis of the two types of quantum-mechanical noise, and it proposes a new technique---the "squeezed-state" technique---that allows one to decrease the photon-counting error while increasing the radiation-pressure error, or vice versa. The key requirement of the squeezed-state technique is that the state of the light entering the interferometer's normally unused input port must be not the vacuum, as in a standard interferometer, but rather a "squeezed state"---a state whose uncertainties in the two quadrature phases are unequal. Squeezed states can be generated by a variety of nonlinear optical processes, including degenerate parametric amplification.
Identification of a Lytic-Cycle Epstein-Barr Virus Gene Product That Can Regulate PKR Activation (2002)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) SM protein is a posttranscriptional regulator of viral gene expression. Like many transactivators encoded by herpesviruses, SM transports predominantly unspliced viral mRNA cargo from the nucleus to the cytosol, where it is subsequently translated. This activity likely involves a region of the protein that has homology to the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP27 gene product, the first member of this class of regulators to be discovered. However, SM also contains a repetitive segment rich in arginine and proline residues that is dispensable for its effects on RNA transport and splicing. This portion of SM, comprised of RXP triplet repeats, shows homology to the carboxyl-terminal domain of Us11, a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein encoded by HSV-1 that inhibits activation of the cellular PKR kinase. To evaluate the intrinsic ability of SM to regulate PKR, we expressed and purified several SM protein derivatives and examined their activity in a variety of biochemical assays. The full-length SM protein bound dsRNA, associated physically with PKR, and prevented PKR activation. Removal of the 37-residue RXP domain significantly compromised all of these activities. Furthermore, the SM RXP domain was itself sufficient to inhibit PKR activation and interact with the kinase. Relative to its Us11 counterpart, the SM RXP segment bound dsRNA with reduced affinity and responded differently to single-stranded competitor polynucleotides. Thus, SM represents the first EBV gene product expressed during the lytic cycle that can prevent PKR activation. In addition, the RXP repeat segment appears to be a conserved herpesvirus motif capable of associating with dsRNA and modulating activation of the PKR kinase, a molecule important for the control of translation and the cellular antiviral response.
Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose Compared With Oral Iron in the Treatment of Postpartum Anemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2008)

Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Financial Disclosure The author has no potential conflicts of interest to disclose. Editor’s Note: The authors declined to respond.
Mucosal Gene Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Before and After First Infliximab Treatment (2009)

Our study shows that the dysregulation of AMPs in IBD mucosa is the consequence of inflammation, but may be responsible for perpetuation of inflammation due to ineffective clearance of microorganisms.
Elevated carboxy terminal cross linked telopeptide of type I collagen in alcoholic cirrhosis: relation to liver and kidney function and bone metabolism (1999)

ICTP is highly elevated in patients with cirrhosis, with no detectable hepatic net production or disposal. No relation between ICTP and markers of bone metabolism was identified, but there was a relation to indicators of liver dysfunction and fibrosis. As the cirrhotic patients conceivably only had mild osteopenia, the elevated ICTP in cirrhosis may therefore primarily reflect liver failure and hepatic fibrosis.
Gain, Band Width, and Noise Characteristics of the Variable-Parameter Amplifier (1958)

The variable parameter (or parametric) principle of amplification is characterized by a typical arrangement in which a variable energy storage element, such as an inductor or a capacitor, is suitably coupled to two resonant circuits. If the value of the energy storage element is made to vary in the proper way, energy is fed from the source which drives the element (that is, the pump) to the fields of both the resonant circuits. This paper describes the behavior relative to gain, band width, and noise of this type of amplifier. Specifically, it is shown that to increase gain, the Q of one of the resonant circuits, the one commonly called the idling circuit, must be increased or the variation in the variable reactance must be increased. The band width is inversely proportional to this Q and to the voltage gain. Hence, for high gain, the amplifier is normally a narrow band device. One of the most important sources of noise is the thermal noise originating in the idling circuit. However, in principle this source can be reduced indefinitely by making the idling frequency approach the pumping frequency or by artificially cooling the idling circuit. In this fashion very low noise figures should be possible. The parametric principle can also be applied to producing frequency conversion with large conversion gain. The appendix presents the expressions for gain, band width, and noise figure for this application. The behavior of the converter relative to gain, band width, and noise is quite similar to that of the amplifier.
Surface chemistry of organophosphorus compounds (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface chemistry of organophosphorus compoundsJ. G. Ekerdt, K. J. Klabunde, J. R. Shapley, J. M. White, and J. T. Yates Jr.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 22, 6182–6188Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100333a005https://doi.org/10.1021/j100333a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views640Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
PEG/clay nanocomposite hydrogel: a mechanically robust tissue engineering scaffold (2010)

Nanocomposite hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties could have tremendous biomedical applications. Here we describe synthesis and characterizations of biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)/Laponite nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels that can support both two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) cell cultures. The PEGDA/Laponite NC hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties were developed by harnessing the ability of PEGDA oligomers to simultaneously form chemically crosslinked networks while interacting with Laponite nanoparticles through secondary interactions. Incorporation of Laponite nanoparticles significantly enhanced both the compressive and tensile properties of PEGDA hydrogels, which were dependent on both the molecular weight of PEG, and concentrations of Laponite nanoparticles. Unlike PEGDA hydrogels, PEGDA-NC hydrogels supported cell adhesion and their subsequent spreading in a 2D culture. In addition to supporting the 2D cell growth, the PEGDA NC hydrogels supported 3D cell encapsulation similar to that of widely used PEGDA hydrogel systems. Such nanocomposite hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties could have potential applications as 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering. Additionally, the ability of PEGDA NC hydrogels to support 3D culture of encapsulated cells makes them an ideal injectable system with minimally invasive strategies for in vivo applications.
Rituximab (2005)

Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets the CD20 molecule on the B-cell surface. It is the first antibody of its kind to be licensed for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Rituximab was found to be effective, well-tolerated and has a good safety profile, though its precise cellular effects are still not well understood. Rituximab has been shown to be of therapeutic benefit in various autoimmune diseases in which B lymphocytes play a role. This article summarizes the current literature regarding the use of rituximab in lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and other selected autoimmune diseases.
Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Azide toα,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Simple Peptides (2000)

Simple tripeptides (A) are asymmetric catalysts for the enantioselective conjugate addition of azide ion to enoate derivatives such as 1. Thus, chiral, nonracemic azides 2 (up to 85 % ee; 97 % yield) may be obtained under mild reaction conditions (toluene, 25°C; TMSN3=trimethylsilyl azide).
Computer-aided noise analysis of integrated microwave front-ends (2002)

The noise performance of autonomous nonlinear subsystems including mixer/LO subassemblies is computed by a perturbative analysis of the quasi-periodic regime generated by the intermodulation of the RF signal with the autonomous local oscillation. It is shown that classical analyses based on the perturbation of the time-periodic LO regime fail to correctly describe the LO contribution to the IF noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mask topography effect on OPC at hyper-NA lithography (2006)

Most of simulation tools and OPC engines use Kirchhoff (thin mask) approximation for imaging calculation. Some commercial simulation tools have implemented the rigorous algorithm to solve the Maxwell's equations for the electric and magnetic fields. Currently, a rigorous algorithm is being used for the case of high topographical mask such as CPL and alternating PSM. However, the mask topographical effect of binary mask and attenuated PSM is not negligible in the case of hyper NA lithography. Implementing the rigorous algorithm on full chip OPC is impractical due to its OPC runtime limitation. Thin mask and rigorous simulation modeling are compared to check whether the current algorithms of OPC tools can sufficiently reflect the mask topography effect of hyper NA lithography and whether a combination of currently usable algorithms can cover the mask topography effect. OPC modeling is generally executed based on measured CD data. However we do not have usable hyper NA scanners, so the OPC modeling is executed based on full physical simulation data to the resist image, which we will define as a "Virtual OPC modeling".
Squalene Content and Antioxidant Activity of Terminalia catappa Leaves and Seeds (2002)

Squalene was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) spiking analyses in the supercritical CO(2) extracts of freeze-dried abscisic leaves of Terminalia catappa L. When the freeze-dried abscisic, senescent, mature, and immature leaves and seeds were subjected to supercritical CO(2) extraction at 40 degrees C and 3000 psi and HPLC quantitation, squalene contents were 12.29, 2.42, 1.75, 0.9, and 0% in the extracts and corresponding to 1499, 451, 210, 65, and 0 microg/g in the freeze-dried sample, respectively. When the extracts were applied for antioxidative characterization by supplementation in an iron/ascorbate system with linoleic acid and in a pork fat storage system for inhibition of conjugated diene hydroperoxide (CDHP) formation or in a free radical scavenging system with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), the extracts of leaves exhibited potent antioxidative and DPPH scavenging activities and increased with an increase of leaf maturity. However, the seed extracts only exhibited potent inhibition of CDHP formation and very low DPPH scavenging activity.
Low frequency of CD4+CD25+ Treg in SLE patients: a heritable trait associated with CTLA4 and TGFβ gene variants (2009)

SLE patients have impaired Treg production or maintenance, a trait strongly associated with SLE disease activity and autoantibody titers, and possibly resulting from the inability to convert FOXP3+CD25- into FOXP3+CD25+ T cells. Treg frequency is highly heritable within SLE families, with specific variants of the CTLA4 and TGFbeta genes contributing to this trait, while FOXP3 contributes to SLE through mechanisms not involving a modulation of Treg frequency. These findings establish that the genetic components in SLE pathogenesis include genes related to Treg generation or maintenance.
Patchwork and quilting as holistic health practice. (1998)

Patchwork and quilting can be part of holistic care to clients and their loved ones. Nurses can encourage clients to use these skills to promote health and divert their attention from their illness. They can also encourage clients' loved ones to make commemorative quilts. Such strategies will help to enhance the emotional and spiritual side of nursing.
Role of the 21-kDa protein TIMP-3 in oncogenic transformation of cultured chicken embryo fibroblasts. (1992)

The 21-kDa protein is an extracellular matrix (ECM) component whose synthesis is stimulated transiently during oncogenic transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) or after treatment of normal cells with the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Biochemical characterization indicates that the protein is related, but not identical, to two members of the family of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. The cDNA of the 21-kDa protein was recently cloned, and based upon its deduced amino acid sequence and other supporting data we propose that it is another member of this family, a TIMP-3. We now report electrophoretic purification of sufficient quantities of this protein to determine its function. The protein promotes the detachment of transforming cells from the ECM. Although its presence in the matrix may be necessary for cell release it is not the only factor involved because it does not influence the adhesive properties of nontransformed cells. It also appears to accelerate the morphological changes associated with cell transformation and stimulates the proliferation of growth-retarded, nontransformed cells maintained under low serum conditions. Based on these data we hypothesize that the 21-kDa protein promotes the development of the transformed phenotype in cultured cells.
A new general synthesis of 2-(N-mono- and N-di-substituted amino)thiazoles (1985)

Although α-mercapto ketones react with cyanamides to give substituted 2-aminothiazoles the yields are satisfactory in only the simplest cases. However, a range of 2-aminothiazoles with substitutents on the ring or the exo-nitrogen atom was obtained efficiently by the following one-pot procedure: a solution of an α-mercapto ketone anion was generated by treating an O-ethyl S-2-oxoethyl dithiocarbonate with piperidine at 20 °C, a cyanamide was added, and the solution was heated for 3–6 h.
The Role of Virus-Specific Cd8+ Cells in Liver Damage and Viral Control during Persistent Hepatitis B Virus Infection (2000)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a noncytopathic virus, and the recognition of infected hepatocytes by HBV-specific CD8 cells has been assumed to be the central mechanism causing both liver damage and virus control. To understand the role of cytotoxic T cells in the pathogenesis of HBV infection, we used functional assays that require T cell expansion in vitro and human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-peptide tetramers that allow direct ex vivo quantification of circulating and liver-infiltrating HBV-specific CD8 cells. Two groups of patients with persistent HBV infection were studied: one without liver inflammation and HBV replication, the other with liver inflammation and a high level of HBV replication. Contrary to expectation, a high frequency of intrahepatic HBV-specific CD8 cells was found in the absence of hepatic immunopathology. In contrast, virus-specific T cells were more diluted among liver infiltrates in viremic patients, but their absolute number was similar because of the massive cellular infiltration. Furthermore, inhibition of HBV replication was associated with the presence of a circulating reservoir of CD8(+) cells able to expand after specific virus recognition that was not detectable in highly viremic patients with liver inflammation. These results show that in the presence of an effective HBV-specific CD8 response, inhibition of virus replication can be independent of liver damage. When the HBV-specific CD8 response is unable to control virus replication, it may contribute to liver pathology not only directly but by causing the recruitment of nonvirus-specific T cells.