gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of deformable thin parts for their manipulation (2002)

Various deformable parts such as cords, leather products, and sheet metals are manipulated and are handled in many manufacturing processes. Deformation of these parts is often utilized in order to manipulate them successfully while the manipulation sometimes fails because of unexpected deformation of the parts. Modeling of deformable objects is thus required so that the shape of the soft parts can be analyzed and evaluated on a computer. In this paper, we develop an analytical method to model the shape of a deformable object. Especially, we deal with deformation of a bendable thin object. The process of manipulating a deformable object is analyzed with regard to how the object interacts with other objects around it. The model of a bendable thin object is formulated according to the principle that the potential energy of the object reaches the minimum at its stable shape. An algorithm to compute the deformed shape of the object is developed by applying a nonlinear programming technique. Finally, a simple experiment is done to demonstrate the validity of the modeling method proposed in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mobile Robotics 1994 (1995)

On 7 December 1994, four student-built autonomous robots demonstrated various strategic, tactical, and mechanical approaches to a delivery task. That event was preceded by approximately two years of history and two days of frenzied preparation. Our robotics efforts were based on materials from MIT''s well-known 6.270 course. This report summarizes our experiences, from pedagogical goals and organizational matters through mechanical and electronic techniques. Our intended audience is future robot-builders, and organizers of robot-building courses. We assume familiarity with material in Jones and Flynn''s Mobile Robotics text, and with the various materials available from MIT over the internet.
In Situ Modification of Tissue Stem and Progenitor Cell Genomes (2019)

In vivo delivery of genome-modifying enzymes holds significant promise for therapeutic applications and functional genetic screening. Delivery to endogenous tissue stem cells, which provide an enduring source of cell replacement during homeostasis and regeneration, is of particular interest. Here, we use a sensitive Cre/lox fluorescent reporter system to test the efficiency of genome modification following in vivo transduction by adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) in tissue stem and progenitor cells. We combine immunophenotypic analyses with in vitro and in vivo assays of stem cell function to reveal effective targeting of skeletal muscle satellite cells, mesenchymal progenitors, hematopoietic stem cells, and dermal cell subsets using multiple AAV serotypes. Genome modification rates achieved through this system reached >60%, and modified cells retained key functional properties. This study establishes a powerful platform to genetically alter tissue progenitors within their physiological niche while preserving their native stem cell properties and regulatory interactions.
CELLULAR DNA CONTENT OF MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON USING TWO NEW FLUOROCHROMES: TAXONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS1 (1997)

ABSTRACT Two new fluorochromes, PicoGreen® and SYTOX Green™ stain (Molecular Probes, Inc.), are useful with flow cytometry for quantitative detection of cellular DNA in a variety of marina phytoplankton. The basic instrument configuration of modern low‐power flow cytometers (15 mW, 488 nm excitation) is sensitive enough to detect the DNA signal in nearly all of the 121 strains (from 12 taxonomic classes)examined. The major advantages of these dyes over others are 1)suitability for direct use in seawater, 2)green fluorescence emission of the DNA‐dye complex (wavelength 525 ± 15 nm) showing no overlap with the autofluorescence of the plankton pigments in the red band, 3) high fluorescence yield of the DNA‐dye complex with an increase in fluorescence &gt; 100‐fold compared to the unstained cell, and 4)dyes can be used to quantify double‐stranded DNA. The high sensitivity allowed the quantification of the DNA of the smallest known phyto‐plankter (Prochlorococcus) as well as bacteria found in some of the algal cultures. Of the 12 taxonomic classes tested, only the 3 Nannochloropsis spp. (Eustagmatophyceae) stained poorly, and a few members of the Chlorophyceae and Pelagophyceae showed poor staining occasionally. In general, maximal fluorescence was achieved within 15 min after addition of the dye. Although the PicoGreen dye stained some living phytoplankton species, preservation is recommended for quantitation. SYTOX Green did not stain live cells. The combination of the dyes, therefore, allows the discrimination between live and dead cells in some algal groups (Prochlorococcus, diatoms, prasinophytes, and pelagophytes). Paraformaldehyde was preferred over glutaraldehyde for fixation to avoid (induced) green autofluorescence. Total DNA values measured in 90 algal species (ca. 121 strains) varied by a factor of 20,000. The lowest values were found in Prochlorococcus and the highest in a large dinoflagellate (Prorocentrum micans). DNA content appears to be a scaleable cell component covarying with the carbon and nitrogen contents of the phytoplankton cells. This covariation allows the total DNA content to be used as an accurate, independent estimate of total cell carbon biomass in unicellular pelagic phytoplankton.
Routine vaccines across the life span, 2003. (2003)

This review of the recommendations for routine vaccines includes those used on the Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule and the Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule. The rationale is provided for recent changes, such as encouraging influenza vaccination of healthy children aged 6 through 23 months and recommending that annual influenza vaccination begin at age 50. The risks and benefits of vaccination are discussed, including disease burden, rationale for vaccination, efficacy, adverse reactions, and recommendations. Pictures of vaccine-preventable diseases are included.
High-Throughput Sequence Determination of Cyclic Peptide Library Members by Partial Edman Degradation/Mass Spectrometry (2006)

Cyclic peptides provide attractive lead compounds for drug discovery and excellent molecular probes in biomedical research. Large combinatorial libraries of cyclic peptides can now be routinely synthesized by the split-and-pool method and screened against biological targets. However, post-screening sequence determination of hit peptides has been problematic. In this report, a high-throughput method for the sequence determination of cyclic peptide library members has been developed. TentaGel microbeads (90 mum) were spatially segregated into outer and inner layers; cyclic peptides were displayed on the bead surface, whereas the inner core of each bead contained the corresponding linear peptide as the encoding sequence. After screening of the cyclic peptide library against a macromolecular target, the identity of hit peptides was determined by sequencing the linear encoding peptides inside the bead using a partial Edman degradation/mass spectrometry method. On-bead screening of an octapeptide library (theoretical diversity of 160 000) identified cyclic peptides that bind to streptavidin. A 400-member library of tyrocidine A analogues was synthesized on TentaGel macrobeads and solution-phase screening of the library directly against bacterial cells identified a tyrocidine analogue of improved antibacterial activity. Our results demonstrate that the new method for cyclic peptide sequence determination is reliable, operationally simple, rapid, and inexpensive and should greatly expand the utility of cyclic peptides in biomedical research.
A voltage reduction technique for battery-operated systems (1990)

Two techniques for voltage reduction are presented, both of which can significantly reduce the power consumption of digital CMOS circuits. The fixed reduction of voltage is applicable to small systems with a low initial consumption, however, the optimum voltage is not reached and the correct operation of the circuit is not guaranteed. The self-adjusted reduction of voltage is adapted to bigger digital systems. The correct operation of the digital circuit is guaranteed, and the supply voltage is near the optimum for the speed requirements. This technique is more versatile, accurate, and reliable than the fixed one.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bounded-width polynomial-size branching programs recognize exactly those languages in NC1 (1986)

Article Bounded-width polynomial-size branching programs recognize exactly those languages in NC1 Share on Author: D A Barrington Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims STOC '86: Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computingNovember 1986 Pages 1–5https://doi.org/10.1145/12130.12131Online:01 November 1986Publication History 113citation1,087DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations113Total Downloads1,087Last 12 Months19Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Clinical outcome of colorectal cancer patients treated with human monoclonal anti‐idiotypic antibody (1994)

A human monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (105AD7) has been developed which mimics a colorectal-tumour-associated antigen and induces cellular anti-colorectal tumour immune responses in animals. Thirteen patients with advanced colorectal cancer were immunized with 105AD7 and their survival was compared with that of a contemporary group of unimmunized patients with similar disease status. No toxicity related to anti-idiotype immunization was seen. Cellular responses to anti-idiotypic immunization were indicated by lymphocyte proliferation to gp72-positive tumour cells, and production of interleukin-2; anti-tumour antibodies were not detected. Median survival following diagnosis of advanced disease of immunized patients was 12 months, compared with 4 months in unimmunized patients. The improved survival of immunized patients in this study without associated toxicity suggests that 105AD7 immunization may have considerable potential for immunotherapy of colorectal cancer.
High-Performance Multi-Level Graphs ∗ (2006)

Shortest-path computation is a frequent task in practice. Owing to ever-growing realworld graphs, there is a constant need for faster algorithms. In the course of time, a large number of techniques to heuristically speed up Dijkstra’s shortest-path algorithm have been devised. This work reviews the multi-level technique to answer shortest-path queries exactly [1, 2], which makes use of a hierarchical decomposition of the input graph and precomputation of supplementary information. We develop this preprocessing to the maximum and introduce several ideas to enhance this approach considerably, by reorganizing the precomputed data in partial graphs and optimizing them individually. To answer a given query, certain partial graphs are combined to a search graph, which can be explored by a simple and fast procedure. The concept behind the construction of the search graph is such that query times depend mainly on the number of partial graphs included. This is confirmed by experiments with a road graph containing over 15 million vertices. Our query algorithm computes the distance for any pair of vertices in no more than 70 µs. However, a lengthy preprocessing is required to achieve this query performance. 1
Watermarking digital images for copyright protection (1995)

A watermark is an invisible mark placed on an image that is designed to identify both the source of an image as well as its intended recipient.The authors present an overview of watermarking techniques and demonstrate a solution to one of the key problems in image watermarking, namely how to hide robust invisible labels inside grey scale or colour digital images.
Immune modulation of HLA‐G dimer in maternal‐fetal interface (2007)

HLA-G is a non-classical human MHC class I molecule, which has several characteristics distinct from classical MHC, such as low polymorphism and restricted tissue distribution. HLA-G is expressed on placenta, thymus and some tumors. At the maternal-fetal interface, trophoblasts do not express major classical MHC class I molecules (MHCI), HLA-A and -B, to prevent normal T cell responses. Instead, HLA-G is expressed and can suppress a wide range of immune responses by binding to inhibitory immune cell surface receptors, such as leukocyte Ig-like receptor (LILR) B1 and LILRB2. HLA-G exists in various forms, including beta2m-associated or -free disulfide-linked dimers that can be expressed either at the cell surface or in soluble form. However, until recently the physiological role of these different molecular forms has been unclear. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, one article demonstrates that the disulfide-linked homodimer of beta2m-associated HLA-G is the major fraction expressed by trophoblast cells. The HLA-G dimer modulates the function of LILRB1-expressing antigen-presenting cells by principally binding to LILRB1. On the other hand, another recent report showed that beta2m-free disulfide-linked HLA-G dimers are produced by villous cytotrophoblast cells. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence in support of the hypothesis that HLA-G dimers play a role in immune suppression at the maternal-fetal interface. Further in-depth investigation will help to clarify the precise mechanism of HLA-G receptor recognition and signaling in vivo and the role of these interactions in successful reproduction. See accompanying article: (http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200737089).
Functional Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 Polymorphism Predicts Poor Outcome in Sarcoidosis (2006)

Our data suggest that the -765G>C polymorphism identifies individuals who are susceptible to sarcoidosis and, more importantly, at risk of pulmonary fibrotic disease. An altered Sp1/Sp3 binding to the -765 region may contribute to the mechanism by which -765G>C reduces PTGS2 expression.
A Protein Farnesyl Transferase Involved in Abscisic Acid Signal Transduction in Arabidopsis (1996)

The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) modulates a variety of developmental processes and responses to environmental stress in higher plants. A collection of mutations, designated era, in Arabidopsis thaliana that confer an enhanced response to exogenous ABA includes mutations in the Era1 gene, which encodes the beta subunit of a protein farnesyl transferase. In yeast and mammalian systems, farnesyl transferases modify several signal transduction proteins for membrane localization. The era1 mutants suggest that a negative regulator of ABA sensitivity must be acted on by a farnesyl transferase to function.
Comparative serologic and virologic study of commercial swine herds with and without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. (2003)

A comparative serologic and virologic study was performed in pigs from 5 herds with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and 2 herds without PMWS in Quebec. In each herd, 60 blood samples were collected at 4-wk intervals from pigs from 3 to 23 wk of age. The serum was evaluated for the presence of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), as well as for the presence of nucleic acid of PCV2, PRRSV, an porcine parvovirus (PPV), by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serologic profiles for PCV2 were very similar in 6 of the 7 herds, including the 2 without PMWS, and were characterized by a gradual decrease in antibody titres from 3 until 11 wk of age, followed by seroconversion at 15 wk, and high PCV2 antibody titres thereafter in all pigs. Only starting at 11 to 15 wk of age could PCV2 viremia be detected, except in 1 herd, in which clinical signs were observed at 6 to 7 wk of age. A PCV2 viremia could be detected within the same pigs for a minimum of 8 wk, and the virus could still be detected in 41% of the serum samples obtained at 23 wk of age. The antibody level did not appear to influence the occurrence of disease, since titres were similar in pigs in the herds with or without PMWS. Infection with PRRSV, as demonstrated by PCR and seroconversion, preceded that of PCV2 by at least 1 mo in both types of herd. Both PRRSV and PCV2 were detected in some pigs in 5 of the 7 herds, including 1 herd without PMWS. Porcine parvovirus could be detected in serum by PCR in 2 herds with PMWS after the onset of clinical signs and also in 1 herd without PMWS. Genomic analysis of PCV2 strains identified in the herds without PMWS indicated complete or very high homology (99.4% to 100%) with the PCV2 strains identified in 4 herds with PMWS. In our field study, the triggering of PMWS in the herds could not be linked to coinfection with either PRRSV or PPV or to the use of a specific immunostimulant, such as vaccines, or to particular genomic differences between the PCV2 strains identified.
Addition Reactions of Bis(pinacolato)diborane(4) to Carbonyl Enones and Synthesis of (pinacolato)2BCH2B and (pinacolato)2BCH2CH2B by Insertion and Coupling (2001)

The title compound adds to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls to give the products of 1,4-addition after hydrolysis of the intermediate boron enolates, in 68−86% isolated yield (four examples). In addition, we discovered that diazomethane reacts with bis(pinacolato)diborane to insert methylene to give (pinacolato)2BCH2B in 83% yield. An alternative synthesis involved coupling of (pinacolato)BCH2I with various metals.
Specialized binary vector for plant transformation: expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana AHAS gene in Nicotiana tabacum (1988)

We constructed a cosmid vector, pOCA18, designed for transferring plant genomic libraries from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to plants. Clones from a genomic library of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA in pOCA 18 were propagated stably in both Escherichia coli and A. tumefaciens. Clones from the pOCA18 A. thaliana library were used to construct transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants; the DNA inserts were transferred intact in 10 out of 16 transgenic N. tabacum plants examined but were partially deleted in six others. Transgenic N. tabacum plants constructed with a mutant A. thaliana acetohydroxy acid synthase gene (from the pOCA18 library) that encodes an enzyme resistant to the herbicide chlorsulfuron were resistant to chlorsulfuron. A statistical analysis indicated that if the A. thaliana library contains 10(7) members and if 10(7) A. tumefaciens transconjugants containing the library were used to transform plant cells, then 2 x 10(4) transformed plant cells must be generated to have a 95% probability of constructing a transgenic plant carrying a specific DNA sequence from the A. thaliana library.
Sensitivity and stability of an air-core fibre-optic gyroscope (2007)

We report a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of a novel type of fibre-optic gyroscope (FOG) that utilizes an air-core photonic-bandgap fibre (PBF) in its sensing coil. The anticipated benefits of using an air-core fibre include dramatically reduced phase bias drift due to temperature (Shupe effect), magnetic field (Faraday effect) and optical nonlinearity (Kerr effect), all of which result from the fact that the fibre mode now propagates in air instead of silica. The reduced Kerr sensitivity, combined with the low theoretical limit of backscattering in air-core fibre, offers the unprecedented potential of ultimately driving this type of FOG with a laser instead of a broadband source, which would yield lower noise and a greater scale-factor stability. We demonstrate some of these anticipated benefits in a PBF FOG with a 235 m coil of air-core fibre interrogated by a broadband Er-doped fibre source. We show that it exhibits a noise limited by the excess noise of the broadband source, as is a conventional gyroscope of the same length (random walk of ∼0.015° h−1/2), but a greatly reduced sensitivity to the Kerr effect (>170), temperature transients (∼6.5), and Faraday effect (>20), compared to a conventional FOG, in quantitative agreement with theory.
Prevalence of Transmitted Nucleoside Analogue-Resistant HIV-1 Strains and Pre-Existing Mutations in Pol Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Region: Outcome after Treatment in Recently Infected Individuals (2000)

We retrospectively studied 38 Italian recently HIV-1-infected subjects who seroconverted from 1994 to 1997 to investigate: (i) the prevalence of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)-related mutations at primary infection; (ii) the proportion of naturally occurring mutations in reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease regions of patients naive for non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs); (iii) the drug-susceptibility to NRTIs and PIs in subjects with NRTI- and/or PI-related mutations; and (iv) the outcome of seroconverters treated with various NRTIs or NRTI/PI regimens. Baseline HIV-1 plasma viraemia and absolute CD4 count at baseline could not be used to distinguish patients with NRTI- and/or PI-related pre-existing mutations from those with wild-type virus (P = 0.693 and P = 0.542, respectively). The frequency of zidovudine-related mutations was 21% in the study period. The response to treatment was not significantly different in subjects with or without genotypic zidovudine-related mutations at primary infection (P = 0.744 for HIV-1 RNA and P = 0.102 for CD4 cells). Some natural variation (2.6%) was present within regions 98-108 and 179-190 of RT involved in NNRTI resistance. The high natural polymorphism in the protease region present in our patients was similar to that reported by others. In our study some PI-associated substitutions, thought to be compensatory in protease enzymatic function, could confer intermediate to high PI-resistance. As discrepancies between genotypic and phenotypic results may exist in recent seroconverters, our data suggest that the role of transmitted NRTI- and PI-resistant variants remain to be fully elucidated in vivo.