gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor rejection in experimental animals treated with radioprotective thiols. (1975)

In experimental animals, a systemic treatment with thiols of the mercaptoalkylamine type has affected all of five solid tumors so far investigated. (Three of the tumors were transplanted into the strain of origin.) There was either inhibition of growth or "oncodieresis," i.e., a necrosis and sloughing of tumors conducive to full recovery and repair. Mercaptoalkylamines and derivatives of the type used in our experiments are known to bind to cellular sites by a two-point attachment involving both thiol and amino groups. One of these compounds, cysteamine, was active in its native, unsubstituted form, but did not bring about oncodieresis when either the amino or thiol group, or both, were alkylated. Mercaptopropylamine, the 3-carbon homolog of cysteamine, was less active. Cystamine, a disulfide dimer of cysteamine that has no free reactive sulfhydryl, did not induce any reaction. Thioglycerol, lacking a terminal amino group, had only negligible activity. Rejection was much more striking when treatment was started on the day of inoculation than when started 7 days later. Male mice rejected better than females. Results were inferior when tow of the agents were given simultaneously or together with other radioprotectants, such as L-cysteine, glutathione, dimethyl sulfoxide, or reserpine. Tumor rejection was enhanced when the phosphorylated thioyls, S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid or S-(2-ethylguanidine)phosphorothioci acid, were given simultaneously with the radioprotective serotonin, but there was no synergy of serotonin with the nonphosphorylated compounds S-2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide or cysteamine. Serotonin alone did not affect the tumors.
Osteopontin, intrinsic tissue regulator of intractable inflammatory diseases (2011)

Within classical extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, there are a unique group of proteins that should be regarded as a distinct functional group of molecules. Matricellular proteins including osteopontin (OPN) and tenascin-c (TN-C) are highly expressed at the pathological foci of various inflammatory diseases. Unlike classical ECM proteins, these are soluble proteins and induce cell motility and persistent inflammation rather than providing a scaffold for stable cell adhesion. Osteopontin is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed by various cells. Two forms of OPN are present. A secreted form of OPN (sOPN) is involved in generation of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells that are pathogenic T cells for various autoimmune diseases. An intracellular form of OPN (iOPN) is a critical regulator for Toll like receptor-9 (TLR-9) and/or TLR-7-dependent interferon-α (IFN-α) expression by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) and Th17 development. Indeed, both OPN and TN-C deficient mice are resistant to various Th1- and/or Th17-related autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, thrombin-cleaved forms of sOPN and TN-C share a common integrin receptor, α9β1, and α9β1 integrin-mediated signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. Thus, OPN, TN-C and its common receptor, α9β1 integrin may serve as potential therapeutic targets for various intractable inflammatory diseases.
Xanthine oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide contributes to ischemia reperfusion-induced edema in gerbil brains. (1988)

The contribution of toxic O2 metabolites to cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury has not been determined. We found that gerbils subjected to temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion (ischemia) consistently developed neurologic deficits during ischemia with severities that correlated with increasing degrees of brain edema and brain H2O2 levels after reperfusion. In contrast, gerbils treated just before reperfusion (after ischemia) with dimethylthiourea (DMTU), but not urea, had decreased brain edema and brain H2O2 levels. In addition, gerbils fed a tungsten-rich diet for 4, 5, or 6 wk developed progressive decreases in brain xanthine oxidase (XO) and brain XO + xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) activities, brain edema, and brain H2O2 levels after temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion. In contrast to tungsten-treated gerbils, allopurinol-treated gerbils did not have statistically significant decreases in brain XO or XO + XD levels, and reduced brain edema and brain H2O2 levels occurred only in gerbils developing mild but not severe neurologic deficits during ischemia. Finally, gerbils treated with DMTU or tungsten all survived, while greater than 60% of gerbils treated with urea, allopurinol, or saline died by 48 h after temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion. Our findings indicate that H2O2 from XO contributes to reperfusion-induced edema in brains subjected to temporary ischemia.
Low‐energy laser stimulates tooth movement velocity via expression of RANK and RANKL (2008)

These findings suggest that low-energy laser irradiation stimulates the velocity of tooth movement via induction of RANK and RANKL.
S-Adenosylmethionine:  A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing, or a Rich Man's Adenosylcobalamin? (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTS-Adenosylmethionine: A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing, or a Rich Man's Adenosylcobalamin?Perry A. Frey and Olafur Th. MagnussonView Author Information Department of Biochemistry, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94702 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 6, 2129–2148Publication Date (Web):April 17, 2003Publication History Received1 August 2002Published online17 April 2003Published inissue 1 June 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020422mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020422mresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1875Altmetric-Citations191LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cluster chemistry,Monomers,Nutrition,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Effects of Plasma Modification on Hole Transport Layer in Organic Electroluminescent Diode (1995)

Crystallization of a diamine derivative (TPD), used as hole transport layer, could be successfully suppressed by plasma modification. Crystallization could not be observed in the plasma-modified TPD thin film after 30 days. The EL efficiency of the organic LED with a plasma-modified TPD layer was lower than that of conventional organic LEDs. This is explained by the quenching of Alq3 excitons due to the interfacial oxidation layer between emission layer and the plasma-modified TPD. The EL efficiency of the organic LED with a plasma-modified TPD layer was restored by the redeposition of TPD on the plasma-modified surface. However, although the crystallization of TPD was suppressed, the lifetime of the organic LED under the application of current could not be improved by plasma modification.
Receptors for epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I and their relation to steroid receptors in human breast cancer. (1988)

Levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-R) in breast cancer tissue were evaluated. The binding of growth factors was compared to the content of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR). EGF-R correlated negatively to the ER and PgR (Kendall correlation, P less than 0.001), whereas the IGF-R correlated positively to ER and PgR (analysis of variance, P less than 0.001). In contrast, no correlation was found between EGF-R and IGF-R. IGF-R binding was higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (Wilcoxon rank test, P less than 0.001), whereas the EGF-R binding in normal tissue did not differ from that in cancer tissue. The degree of differentiation in ductal breast cancer correlated to EGF-R (chi 2 test, P = 0.018), but not to IGF-R. The bindings of both growth factors were the same in metastases and primary breast tumors. Our results show that EGF-R and IGF-R are present in normal breast tissue and breast cancer tissue. The growth factor receptors are related to steroid receptor content and their presence is associated with malignant transformation of breast cells and dedifferentiation of breast cancer.
The interaction between HIV-1 Tat and human cyclin T1 requires zinc and a critical cysteine residue that is not conserved in the murine CycT1 protein (1998)

HIV-1 Tat activates transcription through binding to human cyclin T1, a regulatory subunit of the TAK/P-TEFb CTD kinase complex. Here we show that the cyclin domain of hCycT1 is necessary and sufficient to interact with Tat and promote cooperative binding to TAR RNA in vitro, as well as mediate Tat transactivation in vivo. A Tat:TAR recognition motif (TRM) was identified at the carboxy-terminal edge of the cyclin domain, and we show that hCycT1 can interact simultaneously with Tat and CDK9 on TAR RNA in vitro. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the hCycT1 TRM identified residues that are critical for the interaction with Tat and others that are required specifically for binding of the complex to TAR RNA. Interestingly, we find that the interaction between Tat and hCycT1 requires zinc as well as essential cysteine residues in both proteins. Cloning and characterization of the murine CycT1 protein revealed that it lacks a critical cysteine residue (C261) and forms a weak, zinc-independent complex with HIV-1 Tat that greatly reduces binding to TAR RNA. A point mutation in mCycT1 (Y261C) restores high-affinity, zinc-dependent binding to Tat and TAR in vitro, and rescues Tat transactivation in vivo. Although overexpression of hCycT1 in NIH3T3 cells strongly enhances transcription from an integrated proviral promoter, we find that this fails to overcome all blocks to productive HIV-1 infection in murine cells.
Sympathetic-parasympathetic interaction and accentuated antagonism in conscious dogs (1991)

The heart rate response to vagal stimulation and the interaction with sympathetic activity was evaluated in conscious dogs at rest and during exercise; the latter was used as a tool to physiologically elevate sympathetic activity. In 20 dogs with a healed myocardial infarction and in 7 healthy dogs a bipolar electrode was chronically implanted around the right cervical vagus. Vagal stimulation (3 ms; 2.1 +/- 0.7 mA; 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 Hz) was performed while dogs stood on the treadmill (heart rate 120 +/- 25 beats/min) and while they exercised (201 +/- 17 beats/min). Gradual increases of the frequency of vagal stimulation gradually enhanced the inhibitory effect on heart rate both before and during exercise. During exercise, heart rate reduction was significantly greater than that produced at rest at any frequency of stimulation (P less than 0.001). This difference widened as the frequency of stimulation increased and the interaction with or without the presence of exercise was significant (P less than 0.02). Vagal stimulation produced similar effects in the seven dogs without myocardial infarction. These data demonstrate that the vagal-sympathetic "accentuated antagonism" described in anesthetized animals is also present in conscious dogs.
FY 1980 Report on Dye Laser Materials (1981)

Abstract : Ten commercially available rhodamine dyes have been examined for their stability in dye lasers. Except for rhodamine 101 and sulforhodamine 101, the output of the dye laser showed a time dependence in addition to the dependence upon total input energy per unit volume; i.e., these latter dyes showed a 'recovery' in laser output upon standing overnight. Unfortunately, the recovered solution shows a faster decay than would the original dye solution. Sulforhodamine 101 showed the highest dye laser lifetime parameters, followed by rhodamine 3B. Little difference was observed in the lifetime of the remaining dyes. The unsubstituted amines showed the lowest lasing outputs, highest laser thresholds, and the bluest laser emission of the ten dyes.
The effect of the cross-linking time period upon the drug release and the dynamic swelling of gelatin microspheres. (1991)

The cross-linking time period affected both the swelling and release processes of cross-linked gelatin microspheres. In the dynamic swelling procedure, the combination of both phenomena of microparticle swelling and drug diffusion produced at first the increase and then the decrease of the diameter of a loaded microsphere. The increase of the cross-linking time period produced the shift of the penetrant transport from anomalous to super-case II kinetics. This behaviour could justify the decrease of the diffusion component of the drug release as the cross-linking time period increased.
Photonic CDMA by coherent matched filtering using time-addressed coding in optical ladder networks (1994)

We investigate a photonic CDMA system based on coherent matched filtering in ladder networks, employing both time-spreading and selective interference to discriminate wanted from unwanted signals. A theory is presented for time-resolved pulses which takes account of arbitrary source coherence. We examine the key issues of optical source requirement's and phase and polarization control of en/decoder networks. And demonstrate key concepts experimentally. The crosstalk-limited signal-to-noise ratio is shown to be much higher than previous, purely incoherent systems. CDMA systems using coherent matched filtering therefore offer renewed promise for practical high capacity, multigigabit/s, multiuser networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
IL-17 Is Produced by Some Proinflammatory Th1/Th0 Cells But Not by Th2 Cells (1999)

IL-17 is defined as a proinflammatory cytokine and produced by activated CD4+ T cells. In rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue, high levels of IL-17 contribute to IL-6 production by synoviocytes. The present study was performed to see whether Th cells that produce IL-17 are associated with the Th1, Th2, or Th0 subset. Thirty-three CD4+, alphabeta+ T cell clones were developed from synovial membranes and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thirteen clones were defined as Th1 since they produced IFN-gamma but not IL-4, and four clones were defined as Th0 type that produced both IL-4 and IFN-gamma. Sixteen clones were defined as Th2 since they produced high levels of IL-4 and/or IL-10 but not IFN-gamma. IL-17 was measured in a bioassay, where IL-6 production from synoviocytes was a measurement for IL-17 activity in the presence and absence of blocking anti-IL-17 mAb. Three Th1 clones and two Th0 clones produced IL-17. In contrast, none of the sixteen Th2 clones analyzed produced IL-17. In addition, six Th2 clones were further cultured in conditions that induced a switch to Th1 type. Induction of this Th1 phenotype also led to production of IL-17 in two of these clones. The results demonstrate that some cells of the Th1/Th0 phenotype produce IL-17 but not cells of the Th2 phenotype. Thus, IL-17 may define a new subset of T cells, and IL-17 production appears to be a mechanism for Th1/Th0 cells, the most frequent Th subtype present in the rheumatoid synovium, to contribute to the local inflammatory reactions.
Proteases Induce Production of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin by Airway Epithelial Cells through Protease-Activated Receptor-2 (2009)

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is produced by epithelial cells and triggers dendritic cell-mediated Th2-type inflammation. Although TSLP is up-regulated in epithelium of patients with asthma, the factors that control TSLP production have not been studied extensively. Because mouse models suggest roles for protease(s) in Th2-type immune responses, we hypothesized that proteases from airborne allergens may induce TSLP production in a human airway epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B. TSLP mRNA and protein were induced when BEAS-2B cells were exposed to prototypic proteases, namely, trypsin and papain. TSLP induction by trypsin required intact protease activity and also a protease-sensing G protein-coupled receptor, protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2; TSLP induction by papain was partially dependent on PAR-2. In humans, exposure to ubiquitous airborne fungi, such as Alternaria, is implicated in the development and exacerbation of asthma. When BEAS-2B cells or normal human bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to Alternaria extract, TSLP was potently induced. The TSLP-inducing activity of Alternaria was partially blocked by treating the extract with a cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64, or by infecting BEAS-2B cells with small interfering RNA for PAR-2. Protease-induced TSLP production by BEAS-2B cells was enhanced synergistically by IL-4 and abolished by IFN-gamma. These findings demonstrate that TSLP expression is induced in airway epithelial cells by exposure to allergen-derived proteases and that PAR-2 is involved in the process. By promoting TSLP production in the airways, proteases associated with airborne allergens may facilitate the development and/or exacerbation of Th2-type airway inflammation, particularly in allergic individuals.
An empirical model for device degradation due to hot-carrier injection (1983)

An empirical model for device degradation due to hot-carrier injection in submicron n-channel MOSFET's is presented. Relationships between device degradation, drain voltage, and substrate current are clarified on the basis of experiments and modeling. The presented model makes it possible to predict the lifetime of submicron devices by determining a certain criterion, such as taking a V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> shift of 10 mV over ten years as being allowable. This could also provide quantitative guiding principles for devising "hot-carrier resistant" device structures.
Cloning and characterization of a pair of novel genes that regulate production of extracellular enzymes in Bacillus subtilis (1991)

Two novel Bacillus subtilis genes that regulate the production of several extracellular enzymes were clones and characterized. These two genes are organized as part of an operon. When cloned in a multicopy plasmid, the first gene (tenA, transcription enhancement) stimulates alkaline protease production at the transcriptional level. The second gene (tenI) exerts an opposite effect to reduce alkaline protease production. The production of neutral protease, levansucrase, and alkaline protease can be stimulated up to 11- to 55-fold. Thus, tenA is a new member of the deg (regulatory genes for degradative enzymes) family in B. subtilis. A functional degS product is required to observe the stimulatory effect from tenA. Between the promoter and the ribosome-binding site of tenA, there exists a terminatorlike structure. Deletion of this structure doubles the expression of tenA. Neither tenA nor tenI is essential for cell growth and the production of extracellular enzymes. However, inactivation of these genes causes a delay in sporulation. This operon is located close to tre on the genetic linkage map. The overall organization of this operon and its relationship with other known regulatory factors in the deg family are discussed.
225Ac-PSMA-617 for PSMA-Targeted α-Radiation Therapy of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2016)

Targeted α-therapy with <sup>225</sup>Ac-PSMA-617, although still experimental, obviously has strong potential to significantly benefit advanced-stage prostate cancer patients.
An effective synchronization network for large multiprocessor systems (2002)

The authors propose a single-stage combining network to handle synchronization traffic, which is separated from the regular memory traffic. A single-stage combining network has several advantages: (1) It is very cost effective because only one stage is needed (instead of logN stages). (2) Only one network is needed to handle both forward and returning requests. (3) All synchronization traffic is confined to a single stage; hence, packets have more opportunities to combine. (4) Combined requests are distributed evenly through the network; the wait buffer size is reduced. (5) Fast-finishing algorithms can be used to shorten the network delay. Because of all these advantages, the authors show that a single-stage combining network gives good performance at a lower cost than a multistage combining network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Conformable, flexible, large-area networks of pressure and thermal sensors with organic transistor active matrixes (2005)

Skin-like sensitivity, or the capability to recognize tactile information, will be an essential feature of future generations of robots, enabling them to operate in unstructured environments. Recently developed large-area pressure sensors made with organic transistors have been proposed for electronic artificial skin (E-skin) applications. These sensors are bendable down to a 2-mm radius, a size that is sufficiently small for the fabrication of human-sized robot fingers. Natural human skin, however, is far more complex than the transistor-based imitations demonstrated so far. It performs other functions, including thermal sensing. Furthermore, without conformability, the application of E-skin on three-dimensional surfaces is impossible. In this work, we have successfully developed conformable, flexible, large-area networks of thermal and pressure sensors based on an organic semiconductor. A plastic film with organic transistor-based electronic circuits is processed to form a net-shaped structure, which allows the E-skin films to be extended by 25%. The net-shaped pressure sensor matrix was attached to the surface of an egg, and pressure images were successfully obtained in this configuration. Then, a similar network of thermal sensors was developed with organic semiconductors. Next, the possible implementation of both pressure and thermal sensors on the surfaces is presented, and, by means of laminated sensor networks, the distributions of pressure and temperature are simultaneously obtained.