gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Tissue Heterogeneity on Noninvasive Near-Infrared Glucose Measurements in Interstitial Fluid of Rat Skin (2010)

The distribution of the major components of skin is not uniform, but establishes domains within the skin matrix that strongly impact prediction errors for the noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of glucose within the interstitial fluid of rat dermis tissue. The observed increase in prediction error (>2.5-fold) determined from actual noninvasive measurements is within the lower range of prediction error increases demonstrated by this simulation study. These findings implicate that chemical heterogeneity within the tissue matrix is a major factor in the sensitivity of the location of the fiber interface used to collect noninvasive spectral data.
Materials become insensitive to flaws at nanoscale: Lessons from nature (2003)

Natural materials such as bone, tooth, and nacre are nanocomposites of proteins and minerals with superior strength. Why is the nanometer scale so important to such materials? Can we learn from this to produce superior nanomaterials in the laboratory? These questions motivate the present study where we show that the nanocomposites in nature exhibit a generic mechanical structure in which the nanometer size of mineral particles is selected to ensure optimum strength and maximum tolerance of flaws (robustness). We further show that the widely used engineering concept of stress concentration at flaws is no longer valid for nanomaterial design.
Biodegradable Protections for Nucleoside 5′-Monophosphates: Comparative Study on the Removal of O-Acetyl and O-Acetyloxymethyl Protected 3-Hydroxy-2,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl Groups (2009)

The applicability of 3-acetyloxy-2,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl and 3-acetyloxymethoxy-2,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl groups as biodegradable phosphate protecting groups for nucleoside 5'-monophosphates has been studied in a HEPES buffer at pH 7.5. Enzymatic deacetylation with porcine carboxyesterase triggers the removal of the resulting 3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl and 3-hydroxymethoxy-2,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl groups by retro-aldol condensation and consecutive half acetal hydrolysis and retro-aldol condensation, respectively. The kinetics of these multistep deprotection reactions have been followed by HPLC, using appropriately protected thymidine 5'-monophosphates as model compounds. The enzymatic deacetylation of the 3-acetyloxymethoxy-2,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl 5'-triester (2) is 25-fold faster than the deacetylation of its 3-acetyloxy-2,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl-protected counterpart 1, and the difference in the deacetylation rates of the resulting diesters, 12b and 12a, is even greater. With 2, conversion to thymidine 5'-monophosphate (5'-TMP) is quantitative, while conversion of 1 to 5'-TMP is accompanied by formation of thymidine. Consistent with the preceding observations, quantitative release of 5'-TMP from 2 has been shown to take place in a whole cell extract of human prostate cancer cells.
Voice and Data on a CATV Network (1985)

A technique for transmitting voice and data on a conventional subsplit CATV network is described. The technique uses a variation on the carrier sense multiple access/collision detection protocol used in local area networks. A variation on this protocol, called movable slot TDM allows periodic voice Sources to share this network without distorting the voice signal. A scheme for sharing frequency spectrum and space is outlined that removes the distance and transmission rate constraints associated with such networks. A transmission strategy is described which allows these protocols to be used on a subsplit CATV system. The system is thus a candidate for local/metropolitan area networks Which support digital voice and data services along with analog (mostly one-way) video.
Antioxidant Vitamin C Improves Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Smokers (1996)

The present studies demonstrate that the antioxidant vitamin C markedly improves endothelium-dependent responses in chronic smokers. This observation supports the concept that endothelial dysfunction in chronic smokers is at least in part mediated by enhanced formation of oxygen-derived free radicals.
Donor-acceptor rotaxanes with tetracationic cyclophane ring (2013)

In the first part of the review the selected examples of title rotaxanes are shown, among them those containing thiophene and acridane units, as well as those of the dendrimeric structure. In the second part the rotaxanes with electrostatic or steric barriers, incorporated for increase of lifetime of their metastable state, are presented. The third part of the review deals with rotaxanes investigated in the aspect of their secondary structure, and in the fourth part rotaxanes containing a modified tetracationic cyclophane ring are described.
Antigens recognized by autologous antibody in patients with renal‐cell carcinoma (1999)

The screening of cDNA expression libraries derived from human tumors with autologous antibody (SEREX) is a powerful method for defining the structure of tumor antigens recognized by the humoral immune system. Sixty-five distinct antigens (NY-REN-1 to NY-REN-65) reactive with autologous IgG were identified by SEREX analysis of 4 renal cancer patients and were characterized in terms of cDNA sequence, mRNA expression pattern, and reactivity with allogeneic sera. REN-9, -10, -19, and -26 have a known association with human cancer. REN-9 (LUCA-15) and REN-10 (gene 21) map to the small cell lung cancer tumor suppressor gene locus on chromosome 3p21.3. REN-19 is equivalent to LKB1/STK11, a gene that is defective in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and cancer. REN-26 is encoded by the bcr gene involved in the [t(9:22)] bcr/abl translocation. Genes encoding 3 of the antigens in the series showed differential mRNA expression; REN-3 displays a pattern of tissue-specific isoforms, and REN-21 and REN-43 are expressed at a high level in testis in comparison to 15 other normal tissues. The other 62 antigens were broadly expressed in normal tissues. With regard to immunogenicity, 20 of the 65 antigens reacted only with autologous sera. Thirty-three antigens reacted with sera from normal donors, indicating that their immunogenicity is not restricted to cancer. The remaining 12 antigens reacted with sera from 5-25% of the cancer patients but not with sera from normal donors. Seventy percent of the renal cancer patients had antibodies directed against one or more of these 12 antigens. Our results demonstrate the potential of the SEREX approach for the analysis of the humoral immune response against human cancer.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3: a drug target for CNS therapies (2004)

Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase3 (GSK3) is emerging as a prominent drug target in the CNS. The most exciting of the possibilities of GSK3 lies within the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) where abnormal increases in GSK3 levels and activity have been associated with neuronal death, paired helical filament tau formation and neurite retraction as well as a decline in cognitive performance. Abnormal activity of GSK3 is also implicated in stroke. Lithium, a widely used drug for affective disorders, inhibits GSK3 at therapeutically relevant concentrations. Thus while the rationale remains testable, pharmaceutical companies are investing in finding a selective inhibitor of GSK3. In the present review, we summarize the properties of GSK3, and discuss the potential for such a therapy in AD, and other CNS disorders.
Automated protein function prediction--the genomic challenge (2006)

Overwhelmed with genomic data, biologists are facing the first big post-genomic question--what do all genes do? First, not only is the volume of pure sequence and structure data growing, but its diversity is growing as well, leading to a disproportionate growth in the number of uncharacterized gene products. Consequently, established methods of gene and protein annotation, such as homology-based transfer, are annotating less data and in many cases are amplifying existing erroneous annotation. Second, there is a need for a functional annotation which is standardized and machine readable so that function prediction programs could be incorporated into larger workflows. This is problematic due to the subjective and contextual definition of protein function. Third, there is a need to assess the quality of function predictors. Again, the subjectivity of the term 'function' and the various aspects of biological function make this a challenging effort. This article briefly outlines the history of automated protein function prediction and surveys the latest innovations in all three topics.
Activity Assay of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Using Peptide-Conjugated Magnetic Beads (2012)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer with limited treatment options. Epidermal growth factor receptor I (EGFR) has emerged as a promising target in TNBC. Limited success of the EGFR kinase inhibiting small molecules in clinical trials may be attributed in part to inaccuracy in identifying EGFR signatures in patient tumors. In light of the absence of a simple correlation between EGFR expression and its degree of activation, a simple and reliable tool that can quantify EGFR kinase activity in tumor samples may be of therapeutic value in predicting patient-specific EGFR targeted therapies. This study reports the development of an assay that can quantitatively profile EGFR kinase activities and inhibitor sensitivities in TNBC cell lysates by using peptide reporters covalently tethered to magnetic beads in a controlled orientation. The use of magnetic beads provides rapid sample handling and easy product isolation. The potential of this approach was demonstrated by screening a set of five clinically relevant EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Formatted for microwell plates, this magnetic bead-based kinase assay may be used as a complementary approach for direct high-throughput screening of small molecule inhibitors.
Separation of parasites from human blood using deterministic lateral displacement (2011)

We present the use of a simple microfluidic technique to separate living parasites from human blood. Parasitic trypanosomatids cause a range of human and animal diseases. African trypanosomes, responsible for human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), live free in the blood and other tissue fluids. Diagnosis relies on detection and due to their often low numbers against an overwhelming background of predominantly red blood cells it is crucial to separate the parasites from the blood. By modifying the method of deterministic lateral displacement, confining parasites and red blood cells in channels of optimized depth which accentuates morphological differences, we were able to achieve separation thus offering a potential route to diagnostics.
Sulforaphane, a Dietary Component of Broccoli/Broccoli Sprouts, Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cells (2010)

Sulforaphane inhibits breast CSCs and downregulates the Wnt/beta-catenin self-renewal pathway. These findings support the use of sulforaphane for the chemoprevention of breast cancer stem cells and warrant further clinical evaluation.
Las necesidades de información del usuario en la automatización de unidades de información (1998)

La automatizacion de los servicios bibliotecarios y de informacion que ofrece una biblioteca o cualquier otra unidad de informacion debe converger en satisfacer las necesidades de informacion de los usuarios; asimismo el diseno o construccion de sistemas de recuperacion de informacion en forma automatizada deben responder a las expectativas de los mismos. Entonces es necesario identificar de manera integral al usuario para automatizar los servicios bibliotecarios y de informacion, pero ?que tenemos que conocer de el?, lo primero seria identificar ?quien es el usuario que usara los servicios? y en segundo lugar ?cuales son sus necesidades de informacion? Lo anterior nos lleva a detectar completamente las necesidades de informacion de los usuarios, identificarlas ampliamente y buscar que la automatizacion de los servicios bibliotecarios y de informacion apoye en el logro y satisfaccion de estas. Debido a diversos factores existentes en torno a las unidades de informacion, pero principalmente los economicos, no es conveniente automatizar un servicio o disenar un sistema de recuperacion de informacion de manera automatizada sin saber que necesidades del usuario se pretende satisfacer. Las unidades de informacion deben tener la seguridad de que la automatizacion de algun servicio o el diseno de un sistema de recuperacion de informacion automatizado es realmente lo que el usuario requiere para alcanzar a cubrir sus necesidades de informacion, ya que cabe la posibilidad de que algun mecanismo menos sofisticado sea lo que cubra sus expectativas y alcance a satisfacerlo. El presente trabajo menciona solo algunos aspectos en los cuales las necesidades de informacion de los usuarios pueden incidir en la automatizacion de las unidades de informacion y en el diseno o construccion de sistemas de recuperacion de informacion de manera automatizada
E1A oncogene induction of cytolytic susceptibility eliminates sarcoma cell tumorigenicity. (1991)

The manner in which oncogenes influence tumorigenicity beyond their ability to immortalize cells is uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that, in addition to subverting cellular growth controls, oncogenes can actively determine tumor-inducing capacity by affecting neoplastic cell susceptibility to destruction by the host cellular immune response. The adenovirus type 5 E1A oncogene, which induces susceptibility to lysis by natural killer cells and encodes epitopes recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, was transfected into highly tumorigenic sarcoma cells. E1A expression in these sarcoma cells eliminated their tumorigenicity in recipients with natural killer cell activity that was competent to lyse these E1A-positive targets. Thymus-dependent responses were not required for tumor rejection. These results indicate that oncogene-regulated cellular pathways that affect neoplastic cell susceptibility to natural killer cell lytic mechanisms may influence tumor development in the immunocompetent host.
Appropriateness of Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing (2000)

We established criteria for appropriate use of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay and used them to evaluate PSA test utilization at 1 tertiary care institution. During a 6-month period, 2,330 PSA results were reported for outpatients and 95 for inpatients. We reviewed medical records for a random sample of 338 outpatient results (14.51%) and all 95 inpatient results, of which 21% (71/338) of outpatient and 17% (16/95) of inpatient results were inappropriate according to our test utilization criteria. Among outpatients, 52% of tests were done for screening and 19% for monitoring for cancer recurrence. For inpatients, workup for cancer (53/95 [56%]) was the most frequent indication for testing and screening the second (24/95 [25%]). Of tests failing the criteria, 66 (76%) of 87 resulted from excessively frequent and age-inappropriate screening. We assessed the potential effect on clinical outcome if these tests were not performed. Of the 87 tests considered inappropriate, only 1 test result influenced clinical management for patients younger than 75 years. By instituting simple limits on age and frequency, we estimate that 74% (64/87) of the inappropriate tests could have been eliminated.
A 2-18 GHz non-blocking active 2*2 switch (2003)

A novel, nonblocking active 2*2 switch composed of distributed-amplifier-based splitters and combiners has been developed. The distributed amplifier architecture yields a broadband, compact, nonblocking switch that has greater than 0 dB insertion gain from 2 to 18 GHz. The conventional approach to nonblocking switching requires considerably higher circuit complexity and size to achieve the same level of performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Olefin polymerization at bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium and -hafnium centers: chain-transfer mechanisms (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOlefin polymerization at bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium and -hafnium centers: chain-transfer mechanismsLuigi Resconi, Fabrizio Piemontesi, Giuseppe Franciscono, Luigi Abis, and Tiziana FioraniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 3, 1025–1032Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00029a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1300Altmetric-Citations269LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (871 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
International Travel, Illnesses and the Global Employee (2004)

It is not unusual nowadays for a job description to include a clause stating that the employee should be willing to travel overseas as part of their duties. Associated with international travel, is the necessity to organise pre-travel and travel arrangements. Since the trip is work-related, for most employees, the focus and preparation for the trip would be based on the job to be carried out at the destination, rather than on health-related matters. Quite often, these business trips are quite intensive in schedule and short in duration. Nevertheless, the impact of contracting travel-related illnesses, or illnesses at the destination, could often last much longer than the actual trip itself. This paper documents and discusses some of the travel illnesses, which can inflict itself upon the unfortunate international traveller. The impact on the employee, the employer and on the country of origin of the traveller will also be discussed.
Measurement of shape by using projected random patterns and temporal digital speckle photography (1999)

Projected random patterns have been used to measure the shape of discontinuous objects. A sequence of independent random patterns are projected onto the object. These images are analyzed by use of the technique called temporal digital speckle photography (DSP) that is introduced here. With temporal DSP the spatial resolution of the shape measurement is improved considerably compared with previously reported results with projected random patterns. A calibration procedure is described that uses a sequence of independent random patterns to calibrate measurement volume. As a result, independent space coordinates for each subimage are obtained. The accuracy is of the order of 1/1000 of the field of view where a subimage size of 8 pixels seems to be a good compromise between reliability and spatial resolution. The technique is illustrated with a measurement of an electrical plug and a 9-V battery.
Development and Effects of Immunoliposomes Carrying an Antisense Oligonucleotide Against DHFR RNA and Directed Toward Human Breast Cancer Cells Overexpressing HER2 (2002)

The development and the effect of immunoliposomes directed against human breast cancer cells overexpressing p185/HER2 are described. These immunoliposomes carry an antisense oligonucleotide directed toward the translational start site of dihydrofalate reductase (DHFR) RNA, which causes high cytotoxicity. To prepare the immunoliposomes, we followed two methodologies based on the high affinity between streptavidin and biotin and the use of biotinylated antibodies. In the first approach, the streptavidin molecule is covalently attached to the phospholipid DOPE, which is mixed with the cationic liposome DOTAP complexed with the antisense oligonucleotide. The second approach, which is much easier to perform, involves the binding of streptavidin to antibody and oligonucleotide, both biotinylated, and the latter complexed with DOTAP. The formation of the intermediary complexes of this immunoliposome was studied sequentially by gel electrophoresis. The uptake of the oligonucleotide carried by the immunoliposome was monitored by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. As a model, we used SKBR3 cells that overexpress p185. The full immunoliposomes were more toxic than the antisense oligonucleotide in the absence of the antibody, thus increasing the sensitivity of the treatment.
Interactive beautification (1997)

We propose interactive beautification, a technique for rapid geometric design, and introduce the technique and its algorithm with a prototype system Pegasus. The motivation is to solve a problem with current drawing systems: too many complex commands and unintuitiveprocedures to satisfy geometric constraints. The Interactive beautification system receives the user'sfree stroke and beautifies it by considering geometric constraints among segments. A single stroke is beautified one after another, preventing accumulation of recognition errors or catastrophic deformation. Supported geometric constraints include perpendicularity, congruence, symmetry, etc., which were not seen in existing free stroke recognition systems. In addition, the system generates multiple candidates as a result of beautification to solve the problem of ambiguity. Using this technique, the user can draw precise diagrams rapidly satisfying geometric relations without using any editing commands.
Who me? Reduce hemorrhoids? It's not my job! (1990)

Hemorrhoids are a problem for many postpartum patients. A procedure for manually reducing hemorrhoids is outlined along with necessary patient teaching. This procedure is a nursing responsibility as long as the patient does not have other anorectal area trauma.
Rational design of new CpG oligonucleotides that combine B cell activation with high IFN‐α induction in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (2003)

Two different types of CpG motif-containing oligonucleotides (CpG ODN) have been described: CpG-A with high induction of IFN-alpha in plasmacytoid dendritic cells; and CpG-B with little induction of IFN-alpha, but potent activation of B cells. In this study, we demonstrate that CpG-A fail to activate B cells unless plasmacytoid dendritic cells are present. We identified a new set of CpG ODN sequences which induces high levels of IFN-alpha in plasmacytoid dendritic cells but remains capable of directly activating B cells. These new CpG ODN (termed CpG-C) are more potent stimulants of B cells than CpG-B due to their ability of directly and indirectly (via plasmacytoid dendritic cells) activating B cells. The sequence of CpG-C combines structural elements of both CpG-A and CpG-B. The most potent sequence, M362, contains a 5'-end 'TCGTCG-motif' and a 'GTCGTT-motif', both of which are present in CpG-B (ODN 2006); a palindromic sequence characteristic for CpG-A (ODN 2216); but no poly G motif required for CpG-A. In conclusion, we defined the first CpG-containing sequences that potently activate both TLR9-expressing immune cell subsets in humans, the plasmacytoid dendritic cell and the B cell. CpG-C may allow for improved therapeutic immuno-modulation in vivo.