gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Next-generation leukemia immunotherapy (2011)

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation led to the discovery of the allogeneic GVL effect, which remains the most convincing evidence that immune cells can cure cancer in humans. However, despite its great paradigmatic and clinical relevance, induction of GVL by conventional allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation remains a quite rudimentary form of leukemia immunotherapy. It is toxic and its efficacy is far from optimal. It is therefore sobering that since the discovery of the GVL effect 3 decades ago, the way GVL is induced and manipulated has practically not changed. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that injection of T cells primed against a single Ag present on neoplastic cells could enhance the GVL effect without causing any GVHD. We therefore contend that Ag-targeted adoptive T-cell immunotherapy represents the future of leukemia immunotherapy, and we discuss the specific strategies that ought to be evaluated to reach this goal. Differences between these strategies hinge on 2 key elements: the nature of the target Ag and the type of Ag receptor expressed on T cells.
The staphylococci in human disease (1996)

PART 1 INTRODUCTION: History of Staphylococcal Infection. Biological Properties of Staphylococci. Laboratory Identification of Staphylococci. Phage Typing, DNA Electrophoresis and Other Techniques to Identify Isolates of S Aureus. Phage Typing, DNA Electrophoresis and Other Techniques to Identify Isolates of S Epidermidis. Antibiotic Susceptibility and Resistance in Staphylococci. Immune Response to Staphylococcal Infection. Host Defense Against Staphylococcal Infection. PART II STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS: Epidemiology of Community-Acquired Infection. Epidemiology and Control of Hospital-Acquired Infection. Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus. The Toxins of Staphylococcus Aureus. Endocarditis and Bacteremia. Skin and Soft Tissue Infection. Ocular Infection Caused Byu Staphylococcus Aureus. Infections in Drug Addicts. Infections in Dialysis Patients. Toxic Shock. Other Toxin-Associated Syndromes. Bone and Joint Infection. PART III COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI: Epidemiology of Infection. Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus Epidermidis Infection. Urinarty Tract Infection. Infections Associated with Prosthetic Devices. Infections Associated with Intravascular Therapy. PART IV TREATMENT and PROPHYLAXIS: Prophylaxis of Staphylococcal Infections. Treatment of Staphylococcal Infection: the Glycopeptides. Treatment of Staphylococcal Infection: Other Agents.
Current methods of laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. (1997)

Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis are probably the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. Commonly unrecognized and often inadequately treated, chlamydial infections can ascend the reproductive tract and cause pelvic inflammatory disease, which often results in the devastating consequences of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain. C. trachomatis infections are also known to increase the risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection. The obligate intracellular life cycle of C. trachomatis has traditionally required laboratory diagnostic tests that are technically demanding, labor-intensive, expensive, and difficult to access. In spite of these historical challenges, however, laboratory diagnosis of C. trachomatis has been a rapidly advancing area in which there is presently a wide array of commercial diagnostic technologies, costs, manufacturers. This review describes and compares the diagnostic methods for C. trachomatis infection that are currently approved for use in the United States, including the newest DNA amplification technologies which are yet to be licensed for commercial use. Issues to consider in selecting a test for purposes of screening versus diagnosis based on prevalence, performance, legal, social, and cost issues are also discussed.
Identification and phylogenetic analysis of toxigenic cyanobacteria by multiplex randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR (1995)

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR was used to generate unique and identifying DNA profiles for members of the cyanobacterial genera Anabaena and Microcystis, which are responsible for much of the production of nuisance blooms in various freshwater systems, including recreational and drinking water supplies. A method based on the combination of two 10-mer oligonucleotides in a single PCR was developed to provide specific and repeatable DNA fingerprints for cyanobacterial isolates. The strain-specific randomly amplified polymorphic DNA profiles made it possible to discriminate among all toxigenic cyanobacteria studied to the three taxonomic levels of genus, species, and strain. Analysis of DNA typing results obtained by the described method clearly distinguishes between the genera Anabaena and Microcystis. The markers produced for each strain were also applied to a phylogenetic analysis to infer genetic relatedness in this group of prokaryotes.
Combining observations of intentional and unintentional behaviors for human-computer interaction (1999)

Human interfaces are usually designed to respond only to intentional human behaviors. However, humans show unintentional behaviors as well. They can convey useful information to realize user-friendly human interfaces. This paper presents how to combine observations of both types of behaviors by taking two human- machine systems: a gesture-based interface and an intelligent wheelchair. In the first system, intentional hand gestures are chosen using unintentional behaviors. In the second system, near unintentional behaviors following intentional behaviors can be used to control the wheelchair motion. Experimental systems working in real time have been developed. Operational experiments prove our approach promising.
TBCRC009: A Multicenter Phase II Clinical Trial of Platinum Monotherapy With Biomarker Assessment in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2015)

Purpose The identification of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) who are expected to benefit from platinum-based chemotherapy is of interest. We conducted a single-arm phase II clinical trial of single-agent platinum for mTNBC with biomarker correlates. Patients and Methods Patients with mTNBC received first- or second-line cisplatin (75 mg/m 2 ) or carboplatin (area under the concentration-time curve 6) by physician's choice once every 3 weeks. Coprimary end points were objective response rate (RR) and response prediction by p63/p73 gene expression. Secondary and exploratory end points included toxicity assessment, RR in cisplatin versus carboplatin, and RR in molecularly defined subgroups, including BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Results Patients (N = 86; 69 as first-line therapy) received cisplatin (n = 43) or carboplatin (n = 43). RR was 25.6% (95% CI, 16.8% to 36%) and was numerically higher with cisplatin (32.6%) than with carboplatin (18.7%). RR was 54.5% in patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations (n = 11). In patients without BRCA1/2 mutations (n = 66), exploratory analyses showed that a BRCA-like genomic instability signature (n = 32) discriminated responding and nonresponding tumors (mean homologous recombination deficiency–loss of heterozygosity/homologous recombination deficiency–large-scale state transitions [HRD-LOH/HRD-LST] scores were 12.68 and 5.11, respectively), whereas predefined analysis by p63/p73 expression status (n = 61), p53 and PIK3CA mutation status (n = 53), or PAM50 gene expression subtype (n = 55) did not. Five of the six long-term responders alive at a median of 4.5 years lacked germline BRCA1/2 mutations, and two of them had increased tumor HRD-LOH/HRD-LST scores. Conclusion Platinum agents are active in mTNBC, especially in patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations. A measure of tumor DNA repair function may identify patients without mutations who could benefit from platinum therapy agents. Prospective controlled confirmatory trials are warranted.
A carbon dioxide reduction unit using Bosch reaction and expendable catalyst cartridges (1970)

Catalytic carbon dioxide reduction cartridge for oxygen recovery in life support systems of long term manned space flights
Compressive data hiding for video signals (2004)

Considerable research has been conducted lately on attempting to integrate the dual processes of signal compression and perceptual coding, in order to achieve high signal quality at low bit rates, while ensuring, at the same time, copyright protection of the transmitted digital media. An unconventional data hiding technique leading to compressed forms of source video signals, is introduced in this paper, where both the audio information and the chrominance (I and Q) components of the video frames are hidden in the wavelet transform coefficients of the luminance (Y) component, on a frame-by-frame basis. Furthermore, the proposed scheme allows for a subsequent JPEG compression of each frame for additional bitrate reduction, while maintaining satisfying quality of the reconstructed audio and chrominance information.
Oxygen plasma effects on sol-gel-derived lead-zirconate-titanate thin films (2000)

We studied effects of oxygen plasma treatment on the ferroelectric Pb(Zrx,Ti1−x)O3 (PZT) films prepared by a sol-gel method. Electrical characteristics of the films were found to be improved considerably by exposure to the O2 plasma, with enhanced remanent polarization and decreased leakage current densities. Chemical bonding analysis by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the Pb 4f region indicated that the intensity from the perovskite PZT phase increased considerably after the O2 plasma treatment, giving rise to the improved performances of the PZT films.
The Cell Cycle: A Review (1998)

The cell cycle is a complex process that involves numerous regulatory proteins that direct the cell through a specific sequence of events culminating in mitosis and the production of two daughter cells. Central to this process are the cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), which complex with the cyclin proteins. These proteins regulate the cell's progression through the stages of the cell cycle and are in turn regulated by numerous proteins, including p53, p21, p16, and cdc25. Downstream targets of cyclin-cdk complexes include pRb and E2F. The cell cycle can be altered to the advantage of many viral agents, most notably polyomaviruses, papillomaviruses, and adenoviruses. The cell cycle often is dysregulated in neoplasia due to alterations either in oncogenes that indirectly affect the cell cycle or in tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes that directly impact cell cycle regulation, such as pRb, p53, p16, cyclin D1, or mdm-2. The cell cycle has become an intense subject of research in recent years. This research has led to the development of techniques useful for the determination of the effects of drugs and toxins on the cell cycle. Any drug or toxin with DNA damaging ability would be expected to alter cell cycle progression, and therefore, the cell cycle should be considered in the design of studies using such chemicals. With the appropriate techniques, cell cycle alterations may also be detected in tissue sections. Because of the ubiquitous nature of the cell cycle, it deserves consideration in the design and interpretation of studies in a wide variety of disciplines.
Continuous production of erythropoietin by an established human renal carcinoma cell line: development of the cell line. (1986)

Establishment of a stable, transformed human renal carcinoma cell line that produces erythropoietin in vitro and has maintained this function continuously since 1981 and for greater than 150 passages in monolayer culture was accomplished by transplantation of human renal clear cell carcinoma tissue from a patient with erythrocytosis into an immunosuppressed athymic mouse. In addition to its immunocrossreactivity with native human urinary erythropoietin, the tumor erythropoietin demonstrates biological activity in the in vitro mouse erythroid colony-forming unit assay and in tumor-bearing nude mice. The cloned renal carcinoma cell line has an abnormal human karyotype and has ultrastructural features characteristic of human renal clear cell carcinoma. This cell line provides a reproducible model system for the production of an erythropoietin-like material and for the study of its synthesis and secretion.
Use of complex EMD generated noise reference for adaptive reduction of motion artifacts from PPG signals (2016)

Different signal processing methods are proposed for addressing the motion artifact (MA) related issues in pulse oximetry applications. MA corruption due to voluntary or involuntary movements of patient, while recording the photoplethysmographic (PPG) data using pulse oximeter, is the main source of error in the estimation of arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). In this paper, for addressing the issue of MA reduction in recorded PPG data, the physical origins of PPG signals are explored and complex empirical mode decomposition (CEMD) adaptive filter is proposed. The novelty of the proposed filtering method lies in the fact that instead of using additional hardware for acquisition of noise reference signal, representing MA noise, for adaptive filtering process, is generated internally from the MA corrupted PPG signal using CEMD technique. The generated noise reference signal is then applied to the adaptive step-size least mean squares (AS-LMS) algorithm for artifact removal. The merit of the proposed filtering method is proved by comparing it with Daubechies wavelet transform (Db10) based MA reduction method for the PPG data recorded with different MA (Horizontal, Vertical and Bending motion of finger). Statistical results demonstrated the robustness of the proposed method and SpO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> parameter calculations from MA reduced PPG signals proved the efficacy of method in accurate and reliable estimation of SpO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> .
A vision system for landing an unmanned aerial vehicle (2002)

We present the design and implementation of a real-time computer vision system for a rotorcraft unmanned aerial vehicle to land onto a known landing target. This vision system consists of customized software and off-the-shelf hardware which perform image processing, segmentation, feature point extraction, camera pan/tilt control, and motion estimation. We introduce the design of a landing target which significantly simplifies the computer vision tasks such as corner detection and correspondence matching. Customized algorithms are developed to allow for realtime computation at a frame rate of 30 Hz. Such algorithms include certain linear and nonlinear optimization schemes for model-based camera pose estimation. We present results from an actual flight test which show the vision-based state estimates are accurate to within 5 cm in each axis of translation, and 5 degrees in each axis of rotation, making vision a viable sensor to be placed in the control loop of a hierarchical flight management system.
Pharmacodynamics of RP 59500 alone and in combination with vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro-infected fibrin clot model (1995)

The bactericidal activity and emergence of resistance to RP 59500 (quinupristin/dalfopristin) when it was administered alone and in combination with vancomycin against fibrin clots that have been infected with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 or methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) 67 were evaluated in an in vitro pharmacodynamic infected fibrin clot model. Fibrin clots were infected with S. aureus to achieve an inoculum of approximately 10(9) CFU/g. Antibiotics were administered to simulate pharmacokinetics in humans: RP 59500 (7.5 mg/kg of body weight) every 8 h and vancomycin (15 mg/kg) every 12 h over 72 h. Preliminary test tube time-kill experiments with an inoculum of approximately 10(5) CFU/ml suggested that RP 59500 was more rapid in achieving a 99.9% reduction in the number of CFU per milliliter than vancomycin against ATCC 25923 (6.94 versus 24 h; P = 0.0003) and MRSA 67 (6.77 versus 17.03 h; P = 0.004). At a higher inoculum (approximately 10(8) CFU/ml), 99.9% kill was achieved only with the combination regimen against ATCC 25923 and MRSA 67 (10.9 and 10.5 h, respectively), with total reductions of 6.35 and 6.33 log10 CFU/ml over 24 h, respectively. In the fibrin clot model, RP 59500 was more effective than vancomycin in reducing organism titers over 72 h. In the fibrin clot model, the most optimal therapy was the combination regimen.
Large-scale single-chirality separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes by simple gel chromatography (2011)

Monostructured single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are important in both scientific research and electronic and biomedical applications; however, the bulk separation of SWCNTs into populations of single-chirality nanotubes remains challenging. Here we report a simple and effective method for the large-scale chirality separation of SWCNTs using a single-surfactant multicolumn gel chromatography method utilizing one surfactant and a series of vertically connected gel columns. This method is based on the structure-dependent interaction strength of SWCNTs with an allyl dextran-based gel. Overloading an SWCNT dispersion on the top column results in the adsorption sites of the column becoming fully occupied by the nanotubes that exhibit the strongest interaction with the gel. The unbound nanotubes flow through to the next column, and the nanotubes with the second strongest interaction with the gel are adsorbed in this stage. In this manner, 13 different (n, m) species were separated. Metallic SWCNTs were finally collected as unbound nanotubes because they exhibited the lowest interaction with the gel.
Beef quality and safety traceability system based o n RFID technology (2014)

In order to allow consumers to trace to the whole p rocess of beef breeding, production and processing after purchasing beef, to achieve smart, fast and practic al goals for quality and safety of beef traceabilit y system, B / S (Browser / Server) mode architecture is used to bui ld quality beef traceability system based on RFID t echnology in this paper. Through the use of RFID technology, sys tem implements all aspects of information tracking and traceability for each head of beef cattle from bree ding, slaughtering and processing, cold chain stora ge and transportation. And form a quality retrospective fi le which can be queried on the Internet network for each head of beef cattle. Solve the problem in beef cattle produ ction source take cattle individual as the unit to implementing quality monitoring and implementation of traceabili ty. The system implements safety warning function f or cattle breeding epidemic and product quality, so it can en sure the safety of beef products from all aspects o f production management.
Effect of Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 – Preliminary Report (2020)

ABSTRACT Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with diffuse lung damage. Corticosteroids may modulate immune-mediated lung injury and reducing progression to respiratory failure and death. Methods The Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 therapy (RECOVERY) trial is a randomized, controlled, open-label, adaptive, platform trial comparing a range of possible treatments with usual care in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We report the preliminary results for the comparison of dexamethasone 6 mg given once daily for up to ten days vs. usual care alone. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Results 2104 patients randomly allocated to receive dexamethasone were compared with 4321 patients concurrently allocated to usual care. Overall, 454 (21.6%) patients allocated dexamethasone and 1065 (24.6%) patients allocated usual care died within 28 days (age-adjusted rate ratio [RR] 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74 to 0.92; P&lt;0.001). The proportional and absolute mortality rate reductions varied significantly depending on level of respiratory support at randomization (test for trend p&lt;0.001): Dexamethasone reduced deaths by one-third in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (29.0% vs. 40.7%, RR 0.65 [95% CI 0.51 to 0.82]; p&lt;0.001), by one-fifth in patients receiving oxygen without invasive mechanical ventilation (21.5% vs. 25.0%, RR 0.80 [95% CI 0.70 to 0.92]; p=0.002), but did not reduce mortality in patients not receiving respiratory support at randomization (17.0% vs. 13.2%, RR 1.22 [95% CI 0.93 to 1.61]; p=0.14). Conclusions In patients hospitalized with COVID-19, dexamethasone reduced 28-day mortality among those receiving invasive mechanical ventilation or oxygen at randomization, but not among patients not receiving respiratory support. Trial registrations The RECOVERY trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) and clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT04381936 ). Funding Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research (Grant ref: MC_PC_19056).
Breath-Hold 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Intrahepatic Lipid Quantification at 3 Tesla (2010)

Breath-hold 1H-MRS is a reliable method to measure hepatic lipid content at 3 Tesla. Breath-hold 1H-MRS of the liver provides data that closely correlates with that obtained from longer-duration respiratory-gated technique.
Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (1996)

The fundamental principles of Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) are presented. The motion of ions in a FTMS analyzer can be understood in terms of the magnetic and electric fields present in the FTMS analyzer cell. Ion motion is illustrated with the results of ion trajectory calculations under both collision-free conditions and at high pressure. Dipolar and quadrupolar excitation are described and compared. Practical considerations in obtaining ultra-high-mass resolution and accuracy are discussed. The FTMS experiment is a series of events (ionization excitation, detection) that occur in sequence. Pulse sequences for mass spectrometric and tandem mass spectrometric experiments are presented.
The Use of 3D Structural Data in the Design of Specific Factor Xa Inhibitors (2001)

Factor Xa (fXa) is a serine protease that plays a critical role in the blood coagulation process and qualifies as an attractive target for finding new antithrombotics. In the case of fXa several structure based drug design strategies have been followed because of the difficulty in growing fXa co-crystals routinely. This has led to the use of surrogate proteins such as trypsin. Factor Xa inhibitors for which the binding mode has been determined experimentally or modeled are described in this review. The inhibitors are divided into three fragments: a P1 group, a central scaffold and a P4 group. In this review, interactions in each sub-site of fXa with various inhibitor fragments have been examined at the molecular level and were shown to bind, in most cases, independently of the rest of the molecule. Knowledge of the 3D structure of the binding mode of ligands to target proteins has been successfully applied in designing fXa inhibitors with enhanced specificity, affinity and has provided hints to modulate the physico-chemical properties of the small molecule ligand.