gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous administration of hepatitis B immune globulin in combination with lamivudine following orthotopic liver transplantation: effective prophylaxis against recurrence (2006)

Prophylaxis against recurrent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG), in combination with antiviral agents such as lamivudine, has allowed transplantation for this condition to become feasible and accepted. Current protocols allow for HBIG administration either intravenously or intramuscularly. To date, there has been no reported experience with the subcutaneous route of post-transplant HBIG delivery. We report our experience of a 60-yr-old man for whom liver transplantation was performed for chronic HBV. HBIG was administered intramuscularly during the anhepatic phase of surgery. The finding of a portal vein thrombosis requiring repeated thrombectomy necessitated chronic anticoagulation. Post-operatively, HBIG was administered subcutaneously, in four separate injections, for a daily dose of 2170 IU along with continued lamivudine dosing. Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titres reached a serum concentration of >500 IU/L by seven d post-transplant and approximately 1000 IU/L by nine d post-transplant. Five months post-transplant, with continued combination of subcutaneous HBIG and lamivudine, there has been no recurrent HBV infection and anti-HBs titres have been at target levels. Our experience suggests that subcutaneous delivery of HBIG may be a feasible consideration when intramuscular/intravenous dosing is not possible.
Understanding the nanoparticle–protein corona using methods to quantify exchange rates and affinities of proteins for nanoparticles (2007)

Due to their small size, nanoparticles have distinct properties compared with the bulk form of the same materials. These properties are rapidly revolutionizing many areas of medicine and technology. Despite the remarkable speed of development of nanoscience, relatively little is known about the interaction of nanoscale objects with living systems. In a biological fluid, proteins associate with nanoparticles, and the amount and presentation of the proteins on the surface of the particles leads to an in vivo response. Proteins compete for the nanoparticle "surface," leading to a protein "corona" that largely defines the biological identity of the particle. Thus, knowledge of rates, affinities, and stoichiometries of protein association with, and dissociation from, nanoparticles is important for understanding the nature of the particle surface seen by the functional machinery of cells. Here we develop approaches to study these parameters and apply them to plasma and simple model systems, albumin and fibrinogen. A series of copolymer nanoparticles are used with variation of size and composition (hydrophobicity). We show that isothermal titration calorimetry is suitable for studying the affinity and stoichiometry of protein binding to nanoparticles. We determine the rates of protein association and dissociation using surface plasmon resonance technology with nanoparticles that are thiol-linked to gold, and through size exclusion chromatography of protein-nanoparticle mixtures. This method is less perturbing than centrifugation, and is developed into a systematic methodology to isolate nanoparticle-associated proteins. The kinetic and equilibrium binding properties depend on protein identity as well as particle surface characteristics and size.
A fuzzy information retrieval and management system and its applications (1996)

Article Free Access Share on A fuzzy information retrieval and management system and its applications Authors: Pascal Subtil CRIN / CNRS, B.P. 239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex - France CRIN / CNRS, B.P. 239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex - FranceView Profile , Noureddine Mouaddib CRIN / CNRS, B.P. 239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex - France CRIN / CNRS, B.P. 239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex - FranceView Profile , Odile Foucaut CRIN / CNRS, B.P. 239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex - France CRIN / CNRS, B.P. 239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex - FranceView Profile Authors Info & Claims SAC '96: Proceedings of the 1996 ACM symposium on Applied ComputingFebruary 1996 Pages 537–541https://doi.org/10.1145/331119.331447Published:18 February 1996Publication History 8citation630DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads630Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
The Hox11 gene is essential for cell survival during spleen development (1995)

The HOX11 homeobox gene was identified via the translocation t(10;14) in T cell leukaemia. To determine the function of this gene in mice, null mutations were made using homologous recombination in ES cells to incorporate lacZ into the hox11 transcription unit. Production of beta-galactosidase from the recombinant hox11 allele in +/- mutants allowed identification of sites of hox11 expression which included the developing spleen. Newborn hox11 -/- mice exhibit asplenia. Spleen formation commences normally at E11.5 in hox11 -/- mutant embryos but the spleen anlage undergoes rapid and complete resorption between E12.5 and E13.5. Dying spleen cells exhibit molecular features of apoptosis, suggesting that programmed cell death is initiated at this stage of organ development in the absence of hox11 protein. Thus hox11 is not required to initiate spleen development but is essential for the survival of splenic precursors during organogenesis. This function for hox11 suggests that enhanced cell survival may result from the t(10;14) which activates HOX11 in T cell leukaemias, further strengthening the association between oncogene-induced cell survival and tumorigenesis.
Extended Length Heterobifunctional Coupling Agents for Protein Conjugations (1996)

A series of extended length heterobifunctional coupling agents is described. The successive aminocaproic acid homologation of succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, a known 9-atom long maleimide active ester linker, yielded 16-, 23-, and 30-atom long maleimide active ester homologues. The performance study of these coupling agents in automated microparticle enzyme immunoassays showed that, in the alpha fetoprotein assay, in which the linkers were employed in the construction of the alkaline phosphatase-antibody conjugates, the signal increased 64% when the length of the linker was incremented from 9 atoms to 23 atoms and 82% for the 30-atom long linker as compared with the 9-atom homologue. Similar improvements were observed in the performance of carbohydrate antigen, marker of ovarian cancer (CA-125), immunoassay where the linkers were used for conjugation of the capture antibody anti-CA-125 to the microparticle. Thus, a 300% signal improvement resulted when a 30-atom linker was used instead of the 9-atom homologue. The observed differences in the performance of the conjugates are interpreted as resulting from improved antibody binding and lowering of the steric hindrance of the complementarity-determined region of the antibody when longer coupling agents were used.
Speckle reduction in optical coherence tomography by frequency compounding (2003)

We are investigating the possibility of a frequency compounding method for speckle reduction in optical coherence tomography. The method is based on incoherent summation of the magnitudes of two independent interferometric signals, which were recorded at two different center wavelengths simultaneously. We derive the corresponding statistics and compare the theoretical results with measurements obtained in a uniformly scattering sample. Finally we demonstrate our method by comparing images of human skin recorded in vivo with and without frequency compounding. The compounding method results in an increased contrast and improved image quality without loss of resolution.
Enantiospecific and stereoselective synthesis of (–)-conduritol C from chlorobenzene via microbial oxidation and epoxidation (1992)

H. A. J. Carless, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 234 DOI: 10.1039/C39920000234
Pharmacokinetics of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin&reg;) in rabbits (2011)

Purpose: To describe the pharmacokinetics of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin ® ) in rabbits. Methods: The right eye of 20 rabbits was injected intravitreally with 1.25 mg/0.05 mL bevacizumab. Both eyes of four rabbits each time were enucleated at days 1, 3, 8, 15, and 29. Bevacizumab concentrations were measured in serum, aqueous humor, and vitreous. Results: Maximum vitreous (406.25 µg/mL) and aqueous humor (5.83 µg/mL) concentrations of bevacizumab in the right eye were measured at day 1. Serum bevacizumab concentration peaked at day 8 (0.413 µg/mL) and declined to 0.032 µg/mL at 4 weeks. Half-life values in right vitreous, right aqueous humor, and serum were 6.61, 6.51, and 5.87 days, respectively. Concentration of bevacizumab in the vitreous of the noninjected eye peaked at day 8 (0.335 ng/mL) and declined to 0.218 ng/mL at 4 weeks. In the aqueous humor of the noninjected eye, maximum concentration of bevacizumab was achieved at day 8 (1.6125 ng/mL) and declined (to 0.11 ng/mL) at 4 weeks. Conclusion: The vitreous half-life of 1.25 mg/0.05 mL intravitreal bevacizumab was 6.61 days in this rabbit model. Maximum concentrations of bevacizumab were reached at day 1 in both vitreous and aqueous humor of the right eye and at day 8 in the serum. Very low concentrations of bevacizumab were measured in the fellow noninjected eye. Keywords: bevacizumab, pharmacokinetics, rabbits, intravitreal
RUNX3 promoter region is specifically methylated in poorly-differentiated colorectal cancer. (2005)

RUNX3 aberrant methylation might play an important role in colorectal cancers, especially in poorly-differentiated colorectal cancers.
Localization of the lipopolysaccharide recognition complex in the human healthy and inflamed premature and adult gut (2009)

The absence of MD-2 in the immature neonatal gut suggests impaired LPS sensing, which could predispose neonates to NEC upon microbial colonization of the immature intestine. The apparent expression of MD-2 by Paneth cells supports the critical concept that these cells respond to luminal bacterial products in order to maintain homeostasis with the intestinal microbiota in vivo.
Hollow antiresonant fibers with reduced attenuation (2014)

An improved design for hollow antiresonant fibers (HAFs) is presented. It consists of adding extra antiresonant glass elements within the air cladding region of an antiresonant hollow-core fiber. We use numerical simulations to compare fiber structures with and without the additional cladding elements in the near- and mid-IR regimes. We show that realizable fiber structures can provide greatly improved performance in terms of leakage and bending losses compared to previously reported antiresonant fibers. At mid-IR wavelengths, the adoption of this novel fiber design will lead to HAFs with reduced bending losses. In the near-IR, this design could lead to the fabrication of HAFs with very low attenuation.
The Immunomodulatory Benzodiazepine Bz-423 Inhibits B-Cell Proliferation by Targeting c-Myc Protein for Rapid and Specific Degradation (2006)

Myc proteins regulate cell growth and are oncogenic in many cancers. Although these proteins are validated molecular anticancer targets, new therapies aimed at modulating myc have yet to emerge. A benzodiazepine (Bz-423) that was discovered in efforts to find new drugs for lupus was found recently to have antiproliferative effects on Burkitt's lymphoma cells. We now show that the basis for the antiproliferative effects of Bz-423 is the rapid and specific depletion of c-myc protein, which is coupled to growth-suppressing effects on key regulators of proliferation and cell cycle progression. c-Myc is depleted as a result of signals coupled to Bz-423 binding its molecular target, the oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein subunit of the mitochondrial F(1)F(o)-ATPase. Bz-423 inhibits F(1)F(o)-ATPase activity, blocking respiratory chain function and generating superoxide, which at growth-inhibiting concentrations triggers proteasomal degradation of c-myc. Bz-423-induced c-myc degradation is independent of glycogen synthase kinase but is substantially blocked by mutation of the phosphosensitive residue threonine 58, which when phosphorylated targets c-myc for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Collectively, this work describes a new lead compound, with drug-like properties, which regulates c-myc by a novel molecular mechanism that may be therapeutically useful.
Water and methanol adsorption on MOFs for cycling heat transformation processes (2014)

MOFs with high water uptake capacity and hydrothermal stability are gaining attention for low temperature heat transformation applications such as thermally driven adsorption chillers or adsorption heat pumps.
Promoting the use of end-to-end congestion control in the Internet (1999)

This paper considers the potentially negative impacts of an increasing deployment of non-congestion-controlled best-effort traffic on the Internet. These negative impacts range from extreme unfairness against competing TCP traffic to the potential for congestion collapse. To promote the inclusion of end-to-end congestion control in the design of future protocols using best-effort traffic, we argue that router mechanisms are needed to identify and restrict the bandwidth of selected high-bandwidth best-effort flows in times of congestion. The paper discusses several general approaches for identifying those flows suitable for bandwidth regulation. These approaches are to identify a high-bandwidth flow in times of congestion as unresponsive, "not TCP-friendly", or simply using disproportionate bandwidth. A flow that is not "TCP-friendly" is one whose long-term arrival rate exceeds that of any conformant TCP in the same circumstances. An unresponsive flow is one failing to reduce its offered load at a router in response to an increased packet drop rate, and a disproportionate-bandwidth flow is one that uses considerably more bandwidth than other flows in a time of congestion.
Karyotypic changes in a multistage model of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. (1996)

Karyotypic analysis of the stages of rat hepatocarcinogenesis has been facilitated by the development of an initiation-promotion-progression (IPP) protocol that permits separation and characterization of morphologically normal and altered hepatocytes in each of these three stages. The expression of the membrane antigen gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) during the promotion and progression stages of rat hepatocarcinogenesis permits the isolation, culture, analysis, and comparison of hepatocytes in the two stages, which express this marker of carcinogenesis. Female rats were administered 10 mg diethylnitrosamine/kg at 5 days of age. One group of initiated rats was maintained on dietary phenobarbital admixed into a laboratory chow diet at 0.05% for 9 months after weaning (promotion protocol). This initiation-promotion (IP) group was compared with one subjected to the complete IPP protocol. The IPP group was initiated with diethylnitrosamine, maintained on phenobarbital for 6 months after weaning, and then subjected to a 70% partial hepatectomy and administered 100 mg ethylnitrosourea/kg 24 h later. These rats on the IPP protocol were then maintained on phenobarbital for an additional 3 months prior to sacrifice. At sacrifice, single hepatocyte suspensions were obtained and separated into populations of cells expressing or not expressing GGT. These hepatocyte populations were cultured separately and subjected to standard cytogenetic analysis. At least five animals per treatment and 100 metaphase spreads of good morphology per animal were examined. Although GGT- cells from the IP protocol were 80% tetraploid and 20% diploid, the GGT+ hepatocytes were greater than 90% diploid. The GGT+ cells from this protocol had a low rate of random aneuploidy (4.0 +/- 1.3%) compared with corresponding cells from the IPP protocol, but a higher level of background aneuploidy compared with GGT- cells from the IP protocol. The GGT+ hepatocytes from animals on the IPP protocol had a 35% incidence of aneuploidy. In addition, the GGT+ population had a 28 +/- 5% incidence of chromosomal breakage and a 17 +/- 5% incidence of chromosomal rearrangements. The primary nonrandom chromosomal changes observed in cells from the IPP protocol included duplication of all or part (1q37-43) of chromosome 1 and the loss of chromosomes 3p and/or 6q. These studies indicate that rat hepatocytes in the stage of promotion are euploid, whereas those in the stage of progression exhibit considerable genetic instability. The presence of multiple copies of chromosome 1 or a duplication of a region of this chromosome indicates that alteration of gene dosage for one or more of the genes present in this region is critical to the neoplastic conversion of rat hepatocytes, whereas the loss of all of 3p and the last light band of 6q may indicate the presence of tumor suppressor genes. Thus, the IP and IPP protocols coupled with the ability to isolate GGT+ and GGT- hepatocytes permit the differential cytogenetic characterization of the stages of promotion and progression in rat hepatocarcinogenesis.
The fractionation of Russell's-viper (Vipera russellii) venom with special reference to the coagulant protein (1962)

Russell's-viper venom accelerates the coagula- tion of blood, even at very high dilutions, and requires Ca2+ ions (Macfarlane & Biggs, Douglas & Macfarlane (1953) showed that preincubation of venom with serum and platelets resulted in a progressive increase in coagulant activity. Peden & Peacock (1958) found that ox serum was particu- larly active in potentiating the coagulant activity of the venom, and suggested that the venom acted enzymically on a substrate contained in the serum. The serum factor can be partially purified by adsorption on barium sulphate and elution by 0-2m-citrate (Macfarlane, 1961). By using a specific antiserum to inhibit the venom, Macfarlane (1961) obtained further evidence suggesting that the venom acted enzymically on a serum component to form an actively coagulant product.
Influence of structure on the rate of thermal rearrangement of aryl propargyl ethers to the chromenes. Gem-dimethyl effect (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of structure on the rate of thermal rearrangement of aryl propargyl ethers to the chromenes. Gem-dimethyl effectMorton Harfenist and Edna ThomCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 6, 841–848Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00971a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00971a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views471Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Animal Models Used for the Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapies (2006)

Several animal models for the study of HIV/AIDS have been established and characterized and have been widely used to study the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS as well as vaccine development. The purpose of this study was to review the literature and identify the animal models most frequently used for the evaluation of drugs, drug combinations, plant extracts and drug-plant combinations. Four of these animal models were evaluated namely the SIV model due to its similarities in pathogenesis of disease to humans, the FIV and the LP-BM5 model due to wide availability and the SCID murine model that combines components of both systems. The pathogenesis of disease in each model, application in the evaluation of drugs, drug combinations and plant extracts as well as the inherent advantages and disadvantages of each model are discussed. The LP-BM5 murine AIDS (MAIDS) model with its in vitro equivalent was identified as the animal model, although not identical to HIV/AIDS, most suitable for the rapid and cost effective initial screening of drugs, drug combinations, plant extracts and drug-plant combinations.
Targeted therapy in renal cell carcinoma (2005)

Hypoxia-regulated genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are both important for tumour progression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Drugs that block these and other pathways have been examined in Phase I and II clinical trials in patients with advanced or metastatic RCC. Results from a randomised study of an anti-VEGF antibody demonstrate a delay in the time to disease progression, suggesting a biological effect and change in the natural history of the disease. Results using small-molecule inhibitors of VEGF, FLT3, KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, such as sunitinib, show a 40% objective response rate. Results from a Phase III clinical trial with sorafenib, an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases, show only a 2% response rate; however, a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival was observed. Objective responses have also been noted using an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin. Conversely, EGF receptor inhibitors, proteosome inhibitors, microtubule stabilising agents, cell-cycle inhibitors and imatinib were also examined with few objective responses. Ultimately, identifying the predictive factors for responsiveness to these targeted therapies may improve the clinical benefit; for example, RCC with biallelic mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau gene would have higher levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, and may be more responsive to inhibitors of angiogenesis. Phase III studies comparing the combinations of targeted therapy could lead to a new standard of care for RCC.
Introduction (2009)

Across time and space, the social fabric is woven differently. How do differences among societies affect the well-being of those who live in them? Are some types of societies more successful than others at promoting individual lives and the collective development of the community? How might the character of a society have such effects, and how are such societies built? These are large questions of classic interest to the social theorists of modernity, such as Comte, Tocqueville, Durkheim, Weber, and Marx, with a pedigree that stretches back to the utopian writings of Bacon, More, and Saint-Simon.
Security Proofs for the BLT Signature Scheme. (2014)

We present security proofs for the BLT signature scheme in the model, where hash functions are built from ideal components (random oracles, ideal ciphers, etc.). We show that certain strengthening of the Pre-image Awareness (PrA) conditions like boundedness of the extractor, and certain natural properties (balancedness and the so-called output one-wayness) of the hash function are sufficient for existential unforgeability of the BLT signature scheme.