gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hängt die diagnostische Kompetenz von Sekundarstufenlehrkräften mit der Entwicklung der Lesekompetenz und der mathematischen Kompetenz ihrer Schülerinnen und Schüler zusammen? (2011)

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, ob die diagnostische Kompetenz von Sekundarstufenlehrkräften mit der Leistungsentwicklung von Schülerinnen und Schülern im Lesen und im Rechnen zusammenhängt und inwieweit dies durch Unterrichtsvariablen moderiert wird. Datenbasis ist eine Stichprobe von 502 Schülerinnen und Schülern sowie deren 40 Deutsch- und 29 Mathematiklehrkräfte, die zu zwei Messzeitpunkten (am Ende der 5. Und 6. Jahrgangsstufe) im Rahmen der BiKS-Studie untersucht wurden. Der aufgabenspezifische Treffer und die Rangordnungskomponente werden als Indikatoren für die diagnostische Kompetenz der Lehrkräfte herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Deutsch- und Mathematiklehrkräfte eine mittelhohe Trefferquote auf weisen (aufgabenspezifische Treffer). Für die Rangordnungskomponente fallen die durchschnittlichen Korrelationen mit r = .19 für den Bereich Lesen und r = .44 für den Bereich Rechnen vergleichsweise niedrig aus. Darüber hinaus ergeben die durchgeführten Mehrebenenanalysen einen signifikanten positiven Zusammenhang des aufgabenspezifischen Treffers mit der Entwicklung der Lesekompetenz, aber nicht mit der Entwicklung der mathematischen Kompetenz der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Allerdings zeigt sich, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen dem aufgabenspezifischen Treffer und der Lesekompetenzentwicklung durch Unterrichtsvariablen (Individualisierung, Strukturierungshilfen) moderiert wird. Für die Rangordnungskomponente konnten keine signifikanten positiven Zusammenhänge bzw. Wechselwirkungen für die beiden Bereiche nachgewiesen werden. (DIPF/Orig.)
Isolation of human hepatocytes from livers rejected for liver transplantation on a national basis: Results of a 2-year experience (2003)

The offer of liver transplantation to many patients affected by liver failure is limited by organ shortage. Clinical application of human-based liver cell therapies, such as bioartificial liver and hepatocyte transplantation, might support liver transplantation, allowing more patients to be treated and decreasing mortality in the waiting list. The development of a standardized method of hepatocyte isolation is a mainstay for large-scale application of liver cell therapy. The aim of this study is to analyze retrospectively a 2-year experience of human hepatocyte isolation from livers rejected from transplantation at organ harvesting, performed on a national basis in Italy. All the livers judged unsuitable for transplantation were considered for hepatocyte isolation. Macrosteatosis greater than 60% was the most common reason of refusal, followed by nonviral cirrhosis. Fifty-four organs were used. Human hepatocyte isolation resulted in more that 7 million liver cells/g of tissue digested with 73% +/- 14% viability. Steatotic organs gave better results in terms of cell yield than cirrhotic livers. Isolated hepatocytes were able to perform specific liver functions, and evidence of factor IX and albumin messenger RNA (mRNA) production was reported when cells were plated in culture. Modifications of the traditional method of hepatocyte isolation, aimed at reducing ischemia-reperfusion damage and improving post-isolation cell conditions, showed improvements in post-isolation viability. In conclusion, we show that it is possible to use the vast majority of livers not suitable for transplantation on a national basis for human hepatocyte isolation, obtaining a large amount of viable functioning human hepatocytes that might be used for cell transplantation and therapy.
Administration of bovine, porcine and equine growth hormone to the horse: effect on insulin-like growth factor-I and selected IGF binding proteins (2001)

This study investigated the biochemical effects of administration of three types of recombinant growth hormone (GH; somatotropin) to the Thoroughbred horse. Equine or bovine or porcine GH was administered at a recommended dosage to 3-5-year old Thoroughbred geldings, for up to 21 days. It was shown that, in addition to equine GH, bovine and porcine GH were active in the horse; however, porcine GH caused injection-site reactions that were so serious that administration had to be terminated. The concentrations of a range of GH-related serum protein markers were determined before, during and after the administration period. Because of the short half-life of GH itself, the objective was to identify GH-related markers that showed changes in concentration and which could be used as indicators of the abuse of these hormones. Among the possible markers identified, serum total insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I was shown to be the most promising, increasing to 270% of the basal concentration for equine GH administration. After GH administration, IGF-I took longer to attain baseline concentrations than the time required for GH concentrations to recover to normal. The concentration obtained from the administration significantly exceeded natural concentrations for IGF-I, as was determined from a population of more than 2000 Thoroughbred horses in three continents. The concentrations of serum free IGF-I and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were also shown to be significantly affected by equine and bovine GH.
Expression of osteopontin messenger RNA and protein in rheumatoid arthritis: Effects of osteopontin on the release of collagenase 1 from articular chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts (2000)

These findings suggest that OPN produced by synovial fibroblasts in the synovial lining layer and at sites of cartilage invasion not only mediates attachment of these cells to cartilage, but also contributes to matrix degradation in RA by stimulating the secretion of collagenase 1 in articular chondrocytes.
Clipping versus symbol switching for PAPR reduction in coded OFDM (2008)

In multicarrier systems, the transmitted time-domain signal exhibits large amplitude peaks. This peak-toaverage power ratio (PAPR) problem complicates the practical use of multicarrier systems: the amplifier used to transmit the signal saturates because of the large peaks and causes non-linear distortion. As this non-linear distortion frustrates severely the detection of the multicarrier signal, the average power of the multicarrier signal must be reduced such that the system operates in the linear part of the amplifier. However, this power reduction comes at the cost of a reduced capacity of the multicarrier system. Hence, several techniques were investigated to reduce the PAPR. In this paper, we compare two PAPR reduction techniques for coded OFDM using an iterative decoder, i.e. clipping and symbol switching. Clipping outperforms the symbol switching technique as for given PAPR reduction, a lower BER degradation is obtained. However, the clipping technique causes out-of-band radiation whereas the spectrum is not changed when using the symbol switching technique.
Comparing cursor orientations for mouse, pointer, and pen interaction (2005)

Most graphical user interfaces provide visual cursors to facilitate interaction with input devices such as mice, pointers, and pens. These cursors often include directional cues that could influence the stimulus-response compatibility of user input. We conducted a controlled evaluation of four cursor orientations and an orientation-neutral cursor in a circular menu selection task. Mouse interaction on a desktop, pointer (i.e. wand) interaction on a large screen, and pen interaction on a Tablet PC were evaluated. Our results suggest that choosing appropriate cursors is especially important for pointer interaction, but may be less important for mice or pens. Cursors oriented toward the lower-right corner of a display yielded the poorest performance overall while orientation-neutral cursors were generally the best. Advantages were found for orientations aligned with the direction of movement. We discuss these results and suggest guidelines for the appropriate use of cursors in various input and display configurations.
PARKINSONISM IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (2009)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly prolonged the lives of HIV-infected patients but low level chronic immune activation remains in some. Neurodegenerative diseases are often associated with immune activation which likely plays a role in their pathogenesis.1 Recently, increased alpha-synuclein deposition in the substantia nigra in aging HIV-infected patients has been identified,2 although there was no clear clinical correlate. These observations suggest that HIV and HAART may facilitate the development of neurodegeneration and accelerate the appearance of diseases such as Parkinson disease (PD) via mechanisms including inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and interference with the ubiquitin proteasome pathway.1 Here we describe 3 patients with relatively young onset of parkinsonism in the context of HIV and HAART.

### Case series.

The patients were HIV-infected men aged between 44 and 55 years on HAART who were examined prior to the development of parkinsonism. None had been exposed to neuroleptic medications or recent amphetamine use. All developed initial unilateral upper extremity rest tremor, followed by rigidity, bradykinesia, and mild gait involvement with preserved postural stability. Importantly, cognitive, oculomotor, pyramidal, cerebellar, and autonomic features were absent. Only patient 3 responded well to levodopa; however, the dose …
Inhibition of internal entry site IRES -mediated translation by a small yeast RNA a novel strategy to block hepatitis C virus protein synthesis (1998)

The observation that poliovirus mRNA is not translated in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has led to the discovery of a small RNA (60 nt, called IRNA, inhibitor RNA) which was later shown to specifically inhibit internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation of naturally uncapped mRNAs. Translation of cellular capped mRNAs was not significantly inhibited by IRNA. IRNA also specifically inhibited hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES-mediated translation in vitro and in vivo. A hepatoma cell line constitutively expressing IRNA was refractory to infection by a chimeric poliovirus (PV/HCV) in which PV IRES is replaced by HCV-IRES. In contrast, a PV/EMCV chimeric virus containing the EMCV IRES was not significantly inhibited in the IRNA-hepatoma cell line compared to the control hepatoma cells. UV-crosslinking studies showed that the IRNA binds a number of cellular proteins that appear to be important for IRES-mediated translation. Interaction of these proteins with the viral IRES elements is believed to be important in recruiting ribosomes to the 5( UTR of viral RNAs. The binding of the purified La autoantigen to the HCV IRES element was efficiently and specifically competed by IRNA. These results provide a basis for development of novel drugs effective against HCV infection.
Design of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator for a Portable Hand Crank Generating System (2012)

This paper deals with a design of an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) generator which is a key element of a compact size portable and manual generator system composed of a gear system, a generator, a rectifier, and a battery charger. The design objects of the AFPM generator are its compact size, light weight, and high efficiency, and the three design objects are the main criteria to select the value of design variables. A soft magnetic composite core is used instead of a silicon steel core in the AFPM generator to achieve a compact size. In this paper, the overall design process to meet the design goals and the design results are presented with experiment results.
Polyurethanes from Isosorbide‐Based Diisocyanates (2013)

Benign building blocks: Stereochemically pure diisocyanates were prepared on a multigram scale from succinic anhydride and isosorbide or isomannide. Characterization of polyurethanes that were produced from these diisocyanates revealed low polydispersity, high thermal stability, and stereochemistry-dependent morphology. If biobased succinic anhydride is used, then no stoichiometric petroleum-derived reagents are required in the synthesis of these materials.
小额信贷：缓解贫困问题的一条重要途径——穆罕默德·尤纳斯教授在北京大学的演讲 (2006)

2006年10月22日．北京大学经济学院邀请本年度诺贝尔和平奖获得者、孟加拉乡村银行创始人Muhammad Yunus在北京大学英杰交流中心发表演讲。北京大学校长许智宏院士向尤纳斯先生颁发了名誉教授聘任证书并发表了欢迎辞。本刊根据录音整理。将其演讲部分内容摘登如下。
Roles of Pre-Training and Fine-Tuning in Context-Dependent DBN-HMMs for Real-World Speech Recognition (2010)

Recently, deep learning techniques have been successfully applied to automatic speech recognition tasks -first to phonetic recognition with context-independent deep belief network (DBN) hidden Markov models (HMMs) and later to large vocabulary continuous speech recognition using context-dependent (CD) DBN-HMMs. In this paper, we report our most recent experiments designed to understand the roles of the two main phases of the DBN learning -pre-training and fine tuning -in the recognition performance of a CD-DBN-HMM based large-vocabulary speech recognizer. As expected, we show that pre-training can initialize weights to a point in the space where fine-tuning can be effective and thus is crucial in training deep structured models. However, a moderate increase of the amount of unlabeled pre-training data has an insignificant effect on the final recognition results as long as the original training size is sufficiently large to initialize the DBN weights. On the other hand, with additional labeled training data, the fine-tuning phase of DBN training can significantly improve the recognition accuracy.
Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Modulation of Endothelial Cells (2003)

One of the fundamental principles that underlies tissue-engineering strategies using cell transplantation is that a newly formed tissue must acquire and maintain sufficient vascularization in order to support its growth. Enhancing angiogenesis through delivery of growth factors is one approach to establishing a vascular network to these tissues. In this study, we tested the potential of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to modulate the growth and differentiation activities of blood vessel precursors, endothelial cells (ECs), by their secretion of soluble angiogenic factors. The growth and differentiation of cultured ECs were enhanced in response to exposure to BMSC conditioned medium (CM). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays demonstrated that both mouse and human BMSCs secreted significant quantities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (2.4-3.1 ng/10(6) cells per day). Furthermore, eliminating the activity of BMSC-secreted VEGF with blocking antibodies completely blocked the CM effects on cultured ECs. These data demonstrate that human BMSCs secrete sufficient quantities of VEGF to enhance survival and differentiation of endothelial cells in vitro, and suggest they may be capable of directly orchestrating angiogenesis in vivo.
The structure of a bovine lung cGMP-binding, cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase deduced from a cDNA clone. (1993)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology and cDNA library screening were used to isolate a cDNA clone encoding a cGMP-binding, cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (cGB-PDE) from bovine lung. Degenerate oligonucleotides based on cGB-PDE peptide sequences were used as primers for a PCR reaction with bovine lung cDNA as the template. An 824-base pair PCR product was recovered and used as a probe to screen a bovine lung cDNA library. A 4.5-kilobase pair cDNA clone encoding a full-length cGB-PDE was isolated. The open reading frame of this cDNA predicted an 875 amino acid (AA), 99,525-Da polypeptide. By Northern analysis, the cGB-PDE cDNA hybridized to a single lung 6.9-kilobase mRNA. The identity of the cGB-PDE cDNA was verified by comparison of the deduced AA sequence with several peptide sequences obtained from cGB-PDE. COS-7 cells transfected with cGB-PDE cDNA overexpressed cGMP-binding and cGMP-PDE activities characteristic of lung cGB-PDE. The sequence of cGB-PDE contained a segment (AA 578-812) that was homologous to the putative catalytic region conserved among all mammalian PDEs and a segment (AA 142-526) that was homologous to the putative cGMP binding region of the cGMP-stimulated PDE and the photoreceptor PDEs. As noted also for these PDEs, two internally homologous repeats were contained within the putative cGMP binding region of cGB-PDE. The amino-terminal 142 residues of cGB-PDE showed no significant homology to other PDEs and contained the serine (AA 92) which is phosphorylated by cGMP-dependent protein kinase.
Growth retardation and prevention of Ehrlich solid tumor by Clostridium perfringens type A spores and culture supernatant. (1978)

When given by direct s.c. injection into the Ehrlich solid carcinoma 1 week after s.c. tumor transfer, viable crude spores of Clostridium perfringens type A (attenuated mutant strain LNG11 ATCC 29348) inhibited tumor growth and significantly prolonged the life span of male outbred Swiss mice. Under these conditions a concentrated sterile supernatant of a C. perfringens culture proved to be slightly more effective than were viable crude spores. In contrast viable crude spores were ineffective in the treatment of female Swiss mice, but the sterile supernatant retained significant activity. When given at the time and site of s.c. grafting of Ehrlich tumor cells, a concentrated sterile supernatant of a C. perfringens culture prevented tumor growth in 80% of male outbred Swiss mice. Under these conditions viable crude spores prevented tumor growth in 70% of mice and significantly prolonged the life span in the other 30%. When given by i.p. injection and before i.p. grafting of tumor cells, viable crude spores of C. perfringens prevented Ehrlich ascites tumor in 5 of 12 Swiss mice and prolonged life span in the other 7. In contrast concentrated sterile supernatant and viable purified spores were ineffective in the prevention or delay of the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor. These data indicate that C. perfringens can be a potent antitumor agent without producing the harmful anaerobic infection of solid tumors (clostridial oncolysis.
Fabrication and characterization of porous metal emitters for electrospray applications (2008)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008.
Highly Enantioselective Bromocyclization of Tryptamines and Its Application in the Synthesis of (−)‐Chimonanthine (2013)

A shorter path: A highly enantioselective bromocyclization of tryptamine has been developed using an anionic chiral phase-transfer catalyst. This method provides a direct approach for preparing chiral 3-bromopyrroloindoline from tryptamine, which enables a four-step enantioselective synthesis of (-)-chimonanthine. PG=protecting group.
Activation of TGF-β activated kinase 1 promotes colon mucosal pathogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease (2017)

The etiology and mechanisms for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are incompletely known. Determination of new, clinically important mechanisms for intestinal inflammation is imperative for developing effective therapies to treat IBD We sought to define a widespread mechanism for colon mucosal inflammation via the activation of TGF-<i>β</i> activated Kinase 1 (TAK1), a central regulator of cellular inflammatory actions. Activation of TAK1 and the downstream inflammatory signaling mediators was determined in pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) as well as in DSS-induced and spontaneous IBD in mice. The role of TAK1 in facilitating intestinal inflammation in murine models of IBD was investigated by using (5Z)-7-Oxozeaenol, a highly selective pharmacological inhibitor of TAK1. We found hyper-activation of TAK1 in patients with UC or CD and in murine models of IBD Pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 prevented loss in body weight, disease activity, microscopic histopathology, infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon mucosa, and elevated proinflammatory cytokine production in two murine models of IBD We demonstrated that at the early phase of the disease activation of TAK1 is restricted in the epithelial cells. However, at a more advanced stage of the disease, TAK1 activation predominantly occurs in nonepithelial cells, especially in macrophages. These findings elucidate the activation of TAK1 as crucial in promoting intestinal inflammation. Thus, the TAK1 activation pathway may represent a suitable target to design new therapies for treating IBD in humans.
Electrophoretic focusing preconcentration technique using a continuous buffer system for capillary electrophoresis (2000)

Detection and analysis of dilute small volume samples can be achieved by preconcentration techniques. Published techniques use specialized discontinuous buffer systems (sample stacking, field-amplification, and isotachophoresis) or incorporation of a chromatographic preconcentration chamber–capillary. By carefully exploiting flow and electric fields, preconcentration of analytes can be achieved without the need for discontinuous buffer systems or physical chromatographic devices. This focusing is achieved by independently controlling pressure flow and electrophoretic migration of analytes. Initiation of a voltage field at the immediate entrance of the capillary combined with adjusting bulk flow equal and opposite to the electrophoretic migration of the analytes results in preconcentration. Data are presented indicating an increase in local concentration of 200 nm carboxylate modified latex spheres within the immediate volume of the capillary entrance (specifically ∼15 pL) using laser-induced fluorescence detection. ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 98–106, 2000
RING fingers and B-boxes: zinc-binding protein-protein interaction domains (1998)

The cysteine-rich zinc-binding motifs known as the RING and B-box are found in several unrelated proteins. Structural, biochemical, and biological studies of these motifs reveal that they mediate protein-protein interactions. Several RING-containing proteins are oncoproteins and recent data indicate that proapoptotic activities can be mediated through the RING. 1 H NMR methods were used to determine the structures of RINGs and a B-box domain and to monitor the conformational changes these motifs undergo upon zinc ligation. This review discusses in detail the structural features of the RING and B-box domains. Further, possible structure function relationships for these motifs particularly in their role as protein interaction domains are discussed.Key words: RING, B-box, PML, NMR.
Antitumor activity of UCN-01, a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C, in murine and human tumor models. (1991)

Antitumor activity of UCN-01 (7-hydroxy staurosporine), a selective inhibitor of Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C, was examined in comparison with staurosporine, a nonselective inhibitor of protein kinases, on human and murine tumor cell lines which have some aberrations in cellular signal transduction. UCN-01 inhibited the growth of five tumor cell lines about 9 to 90 times less potently than staurosporine in vitro. UCN-01 showed an in vivo antitumor effect against three human tumor xenografts [epidermoid carcinoma A431 (c-erbB-1 overexpression), fibrosarcoma HT1080 (N-ras activation), and acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 (N-ras activation)], giving a minimum treated/control ratio of 0.40 (P less than 0.01), 0.17 (P less than 0.01), and 0.61 (P less than 0.05), respectively. UCN-01 also exhibited significant antitumor activity against two murine tumor models (fibrosarcoma, K-BALB and M-MSV-BALB), which activated the v-ras and v-mos oncogenes, showing a minimum treated/control ratio of 0.27 (P less than 0.01) and 0.21 (P less than 0.01). Staurosporine did not show significant antitumor activity against any of these five tumors. UCN-01 inhibited the down-modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor caused by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in A431 cells at a near 50% inhibitory concentration for cell growth. These results imply that UCN-01 is a promising antitumor agent which has a novel mechanism(s) of action.