gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of STAT5, STAT3, and Janus kinases by interleukins 2 and 15. (1995)

The cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-15 have similar biological effects on T cells and bind common hematopoietin receptor subunits. Pathways that involve Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) have been shown to be important for hematopoietin receptor signaling. In this study we identify the STAT proteins activated by IL-2 and IL-15 in human T cells. IL-2 and IL-15 rapidly induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5, and DNA-binding complexes containing STAT3 and STAT5 were rapidly activated by these cytokines in T cells. IL-4 induced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of STAT3 but not STAT5. JAK1 and JAK3 were tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to IL-2 and IL-15. Hence, the JAK and STAT molecules that are activated in response to IL-2 and IL-15 are similar but differ from those induced by IL-4. These observations identify the STAT proteins activated by IL-2 and IL-15 and therefore define signaling pathways by which these T-cell growth factors may regulate gene transcription.
Nitric oxide nanoparticle technology: a novel antimicrobial agent in the context of current treatment of skin and soft tissue infection. (2010)

Staphylococcus aureus infections account for the majority of skin and soft tissue infections in the United States. Staphylococcus aureus is rapidly evolving resistance to contemporary topical as well as systemic antibiotics. Alternatives to current treatment options for skin and soft tissue infections are needed for more effective treatment now and in the future. Nitric oxide's proven roles in both wound repair and as an antimicrobial agent make it an excellent candidate for the treatment of skin infections. Recent attempts at novel nitric oxide therapies, in the form of nitric oxide donors, have shown limited potential in treating cutaneous infection. However, more recent developments in nitric oxide delivery, using nitric oxide nanoparticle technology, demonstrate substantial promise in the promotion of wound repair and eradication of skin and soft tissue infections.
Extension of Life-Span by Overexpression of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase in Drosophila melanogaster (1994)

The hypothesis that oxygen free radicals are causally involved in the aging process was tested by a study of the effects of simultaneous overexpression of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and catalase. As compared to diploid controls, transgenic flies carrying three copies of each of these genes exhibited as much as a one-third extension of life-span, a longer mortality rate doubling time, a lower amount of protein oxidative damage, and a delayed loss in physical performance. Results provide direct support for the free radical hypothesis of aging.
Analysis of processing and polyadenylation signals of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen gene by using simian virus 40-hepatitis B virus chimeric plasmids. (1983)

We examined the transcription of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) gene in COS cells transfected with simian virus 40-based recombinant plasmids. When positioned behind the simian virus 40 late promoter, three transcripts were identified which hybridized to the HBsAg gene: a 2,000-nucleotide transcript colinear with a gene, a 1,100-nucleotide transcript representing a spliced molecule in which a major portion of the sequences encoding HBsAg were deleted, and an 800-nucleotide transcript derived primarily from sequences 3' to the HBsAg gene. The splice acceptor site utilized by the 1,100-nucleotide transcript is located immediately upstream of an open reading frame of unknown function contained within the 3' nontranslated region of the HBsAg gene. The HBsAg-specific mRNA species terminate 12 to 19 base pairs 3' of the sequence UAUAAA, similar to the concensus hexanucleotide which is thought to promote polyadenylation (AAUAAA). We constructed a series of plasmids with progressive deletions from the region surrounding where these transcripts terminate. Analysis of mRNA produced by cells transfected with these plasmids indicated that the signal hexanucleotide is in itself unable to promote the efficient processing of mRNA in the absence of downstream hepatitis B virus sequences. Processing proceeds properly, however, from plasmids containing an additional 30 nucleotides 3' of this signal.
Transgenic mice for Cre‐inducible overexpression of the oncogenes c‐MYC and Pim‐1 in multiple tissues (2006)

The transcription factor c-MYC and the serine-threonine kinase Pim-1 have multiple roles in development and cancer, including in lymphomagenesis and prostate tumorigenesis. In some cancers, MYC and Pim-1 oncogenes are co-expressed and show marked cooperativity. To facilitate the analysis of the pathological roles of MYC and Pim-1 in specific cell types and developmental stages, we generated mice carrying Cre-inducible MYC/Pim-1 transgenes. The mice carry a constitutively expressed lacZ marker and silent MYC/Pim-1 genes. Cre-mediated recombination results in deletion of the lacZ marker and concurrent activation of the MYC/Pim-1 transgene. In addition, the Pim-1 mice harbor an alkaline phosphatase gene as a positive marker for recombination. Mouse lines for each gene were established, which show distinct patterns of expression in multiple tissues. In vivo recombination was confirmed for all lines by breeding to Cre transgenic mice. These mice provide a valuable resource for investigating the significance of MYC and Pim-1 overexpression in various tissues.
Transfer of Contaminants in Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Stocks Can Mimic Transduction and Lead to Artifactual Results (1997)

The potential of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors for gene transfer and gene therapy applications is currently being intensively investigated. Although much progress has been made in defining AAV vector biology, inconsistencies remain in the literature regarding the efficiency of AAV transduction in various cell types. In the course of exploring these differences, we have identified a problem associated with the use of AAV vector stocks that results in overestimation of gene transfer efficiencies. We show here that biologically active vector-encoded proteins can contaminate AAV vector stocks, especially cell lysate preparations that have not been further purified, and can be transferred in a virion-independent manner to target cells, a phenomenon called pseudotransduction. This observation is significant because impure cell lysate stocks have been widely employed in the AAV literature, and we demonstrate here that this phenomenon can occur with commonly used reporter proteins such as beta-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase. We conclude that although there are many potential explanations for apparently conflicting results in the literature, the possibility of pseudotransduction must be considered, especially when cell lysate stocks of AAV vectors have been employed. This artifact can be avoided by further vector purification.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Metabolic and Molecular Imaging and Diagnosis of Cancer (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Metabolic and Molecular Imaging and Diagnosis of CancerKristine Glunde*†‡, Dmitri Artemov†‡, Marie-France Penet†, Michael A. Jacobs†‡, and Zaver M. Bhujwalla*†‡View Author Information JHU ICMIC Program, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Kristine Glunde, Ph.D., Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 212 Traylor Bldg, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205. Telephone: (410) 614-2705. Fax: (410) 614-1948. E-mail: [email protected]. Or Zaver M. Bhujwalla, Ph.D., Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 208C Traylor Bldg, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205. Telephone: (410) 955-9698. Fax: (410) 614-1948. E-mail: [email protected]†Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science.‡Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 5, 3043–3059Publication Date (Web):April 12, 2010Publication History Received10 December 2009Published online12 April 2010Published inissue 12 May 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9004007https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9004007review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3908Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cancer,Cells,Lipids,Metabolism,Tumors Get e-Alerts
Nanoemulsions: formation, properties and applications (2016)

Nanoemulsions are kinetically stable liquid-in-liquid dispersions with droplet sizes on the order of 100 nm. Their small size leads to useful properties such as high surface area per unit volume, robust stability, optically transparent appearance, and tunable rheology. Nanoemulsions are finding application in diverse areas such as drug delivery, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and material synthesis. Additionally, they serve as model systems to understand nanoscale colloidal dispersions. High and low energy methods are used to prepare nanoemulsions, including high pressure homogenization, ultrasonication, phase inversion temperature and emulsion inversion point, as well as recently developed approaches such as bubble bursting method. In this review article, we summarize the major methods to prepare nanoemulsions, theories to predict droplet size, physical conditions and chemical additives which affect droplet stability, and recent applications.
Optimize mixing by using the proper baffles (2002)

The guidelines presented in this paper are intended to identify the baffle system modifications that can be used to improve performance and the situations in which these modifications should be considered.
Plastic ribbon THz waveguides (2000)

We report an experimental and theoretical study of single mode, guided wave propagation in plastic ribbons. Using cylindrical THz optics, we obtain excellent quasioptic coupling between freely propagating THz waves and a single TM0 waveguide mode. Dispersive, low-loss propagation is observed within the experimental bandwidth of 0.1–3.5 THz for 2-cm-wide, high-density polyethylene ribbon waveguides with dimensions of 150 μm thick by 10 mm long, and 120 μm thick by 20 mm long. Such ribbons show promise as a flexible THz interconnect with a controllable group velocity dispersion.
Preparation, Characterization, and Electrochemical Performance of Lithium Trivanadate Rods by a Surfactant-Assisted Polymer Precursor Method for Lithium Batteries (2010)

Lithium trivanadate (LiV3O8) compound was prepared under different conditions and characterized by the Rietveld-refined X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area and density techniques. The electrochemical performances of the LiV3O8 compounds prepared under different conditions were compared. LiV3O8 rods prepared by the surfactant-assisted polymer precursor method were found to perform well, delivering a discharge capacity of 230 (±5) mA·h/g at the end of the second cycle, with an excellent capacity retention of 99.52% at the end of the 20th cycle, for a current density of 30 mA/g. LiV3O8 rods delivered a discharge capacity of 135 (±5) mA·h/g at the end of 350 cycles, for a current density of 240 mA/g, and reasonably high capacity values were achieved at the different current rates. Impedance spectroscopic studies during the first and eighth cycles at various voltages are analyzed and discussed.
Generation of Aryl Radicals from Arylboronic Acids by Manganese(III) Acetate:  Synthesis of Biaryls and Heterobiaryls (2002)

The efficient generation of aryl radicals from arylboronic acids by manganese(III) acetate is described. In aromatic solvents, in situ generated aryl radicals afford the corresponding biaryls in very good yields. This method works selectively, and yields are better than those from similar, previously described methods. Arylboronic acids carrying sensitive functional groups also work efficiently.
Nitric oxide produced by ultraviolet-irradiated keratinocytes stimulates melanogenesis. (1997)

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main physiological stimulus for human skin pigmentation. Within the epidermal-melanin unit, melanocytes synthesize and transfer melanin to the surrounding keratinocytes. Keratinocytes produce paracrine factors that affect melanocyte proliferation, dendricity, and melanin synthesis. In this report, we show that normal human keratinocytes secrete nitric oxide (NO) in response to UVA and UVB radiation, and we demonstrate that the constitutive isoform of keratinocyte NO synthase is involved in this process. Next, we investigate the melanogenic effect of NO produced by keratinocytes in response to UV radiation using melanocyte and keratinocyte cocultures. Conditioned media from UV-exposed keratinocytes stimulate tyrosinase activity of melanocytes. This effect is reversed by NO scavengers, suggesting an important role for NO in UV-induced melanogenesis. Moreover, melanocytes respond to NO-donors by decreased growth, enhanced dendricity, and melanogenesis. The rise in melanogenesis induced by NO-generating compounds is associated with an increased amount of both tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1. These observations suggest that NO plays an important role in the paracrine mediation of UV-induced melanogenesis.
A MPEG2-transparent scrambling technique (2002)

The paper proposes a video scrambling technique that allows an unauthorized user to have an arbitrarily degraded view of a program, yet it is totally transparent to MPEG-2 encoding. Video components are block-coded using a mix of linear transformations of pixel values. The parameter data is embedded in the scrambled video. The proposed technique is applicable to any digital broadcast scheme that is based on MPEG-2 compression, including DVB-S/C/T and ATSC.
Classifying Different Emotional States by Means of EEG-Based Functional Connectivity Patterns (2014)

This study aimed to classify different emotional states by means of EEG-based functional connectivity patterns. Forty young participants viewed film clips that evoked the following emotional states: neutral, positive, or negative. Three connectivity indices, including correlation, coherence, and phase synchronization, were used to estimate brain functional connectivity in EEG signals. Following each film clip, participants were asked to report on their subjective affect. The results indicated that the EEG-based functional connectivity change was significantly different among emotional states. Furthermore, the connectivity pattern was detected by pattern classification analysis using Quadratic Discriminant Analysis. The results indicated that the classification rate was better than chance. We conclude that estimating EEG-based functional connectivity provides a useful tool for studying the relationship between brain activity and emotional states.
The Cognitive Benefits of Interacting With Nature (2008)

We compare the restorative effects on cognitive functioning of interactions with natural versus urban environments. Attention restoration theory (ART) provides an analysis of the kinds of environments that lead to improvements in directed-attention abilities. Nature, which is filled with intriguing stimuli, modestly grabs attention in a bottom-up fashion, allowing top-down directed-attention abilities a chance to replenish. Unlike natural environments, urban environments are filled with stimulation that captures attention dramatically and additionally requires directed attention (e.g., to avoid being hit by a car), making them less restorative. We present two experiments that show that walking in nature or viewing pictures of nature can improve directed-attention abilities as measured with a backwards digit-span task and the Attention Network Task, thus validating attention restoration theory.
Experimental Demonstration of Spatial Scaling for High-Throughput Transmission Through A Si Mode-Division-MultiplexingWaveguide (2014)

Scaling the throughput through a multimode waveguide is experimentally demonstrated by extending operation from 2 to 3 spatial modes. The asymmetric, y-junction device is shown to support transmission of an aggregate bandwidth of 3×10-Gb/s data.
Phosphoric Acid as a High-Index Immersion Fluid (2004)

A study has been performed to determine the viability of phosphoric acid as a high-index fluid for immersion lithography. The ability to image in the immersion fluid, and the compatibility of the fluid with photoresist were examined. Samples were soaked in the fluid before and after exposure in water to demonstrate no significant damage to the imaging capability of the resist. The refractive index of photoresist samples soaked in various immersion fluids was measured with a variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometer (VASE), and results did not show a significant variation from photoresist that was not soaked. Sixty-eight nanometer lines were imaged through phosphoric acid in 193nm photoresist without a topcoat layer.
Effects of age, sex, and anthropometric factors on nerve conduction measures (1992)

Associations among measures of median, ulnar, and sural nerve conduction and age, skin temperature, sex, and anthropometric factors were evaluated in a population of 105 healthy, asymptomatic adults without occupational exposure to highly repetitive or forceful hand exertions. Height was negatively associated with sensory amplitude in all nerves tested (P less than 0.001), and positively associated with median and ulnar sensory distal latencies (P less than 0.01) and sural latency (P less than 0.001). Index finger circumference was negatively associated with median and ulnar sensory amplitudes (P less than 0.05). Sex, in isolation from highly correlated anthropometric factors such as height, was not found to be a significant predictor of median or ulnar nerve conduction measures. Equations using age, height, and finger circumference for prediction of normal values are presented. Failure to adjust normal nerve conduction values for these factors decreases the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the described measures, and may result in misclassification of individuals.
Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II: An Overview of Structural Studies and Their Importance for Structure-Based Drug Design and Deciphering the Reaction Mechanism of the Enzyme (2012)

Recent years witnessed rapid expansion of our knowledge about structural features of human glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII). There are over thirty X-ray structures of human GCPII (and of its close ortholog GCPIII) publicly available at present. They include structures of ligand-free wild-type enzymes, complexes of wild-type GCPII/GCPIII with structurally diversified inhibitors as well as complexes of the GCPII(E424A) inactive mutant with several substrates. Combined structural data were instrumental for elucidating the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme. Furthermore the detailed knowledge of the GCPII architecture and protein-inhibitor interactions offers mechanistic insight into structure-activity relationship studies and can be exploited for the rational design of novel GCPII-specific compounds. This review presents a summary of structural information that has been gleaned since 2005, when the first GCPII structures were solved.
Single-Step Synthesis to Control the Photoluminescence Quantum Yield and Size Dispersion of CdSe Nanocrystals (2002)

A comprehensive investigation is presented on the factors governing the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QYs) and size dispersion of colloidal CdSe nanocrystals. The temporal evolution of the ensemble PL properties (absorption and luminescence spectra, QYs and lifetimes) during growth at different temperatures (170−310 °C) and different Cd:Se ratios was followed for several hours (2−6 h). The QY values increase during the growth to a maximum and, after a variable time interval (from minutes to hours, depending on the growth temperature), decrease gradually. Low QYs are due to poor passivation, surface disorder, and surface degradation, which arise at different stages of the growth. High QYs can be achieved and maintained only under an ideal combination of growth temperature, solvent composition, and Cd:Se ratio, which leads to an optimum surface. The overgrowth of a fresh surface layer restores high QYs to CdSe nanocrystals with decreased efficiencies because of surface degradation. The insight gained in this investigation enabled us to achieve a high degree of reproducibility and control over the emission color (green to red), bandwidth (90 meV), lifetimes (30 ns), and quantum yields (50−85%) of colloidal CdSe nanocrystals without any postpreparative treatment.
Determination and analysis of antigenic epitopes of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) using synthetic peptides and computer modeling (1998)

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), produced essentially by the prostate gland, are 237-amino acid monomeric proteins, with 79% identity in primary structure. Twenty-five anti-PSA monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were studied for binding to a large array of synthetic linear peptides selected from computer models of PSA and hK2, as well as to biotinylated peptides covering the entire PSA sequence. Sixteen of the Mabs were bound to linear peptides forming four independent binding regions (I-IV). Binding region I was localized to amino acid residues 1-13 (identical sequence for PSA and hK2), II (a and b) was localized to residues 53-64, III (a and b) was localized to residues 80-91 (= kallikrein loop), and IV was localized to residues 151-164. Mabs binding to regions I and IIa were reactive with free PSA, PSA-ACT complex, and with hK2; Mabs binding to regions IIb, IIIa, and IV were reactive with free PSA and PSA-ACT complex, but unreactive with hK2; Mabs binding to region IIIb detected free PSA only. All Mabs tested (n = 7) specific for free PSA reacted with kallikrein loop (binding region IIIb). The presence of Mabs interacting with binding region I did not inhibit the catalytic activity of PSA, whereas Mabs interacting with other binding regions inhibited the catalysis. Theoretical model structures of PSA, hK2, and the PSA-ACT complex were combined with the presented data to suggest an overall orientation of PSA with regard to ACT.