gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Protein Subset Desorbed by MALDI from Whole Bacterial Cells (2001)

This study characterizes various features of the proteins that are detected in MALDI mass spectra when whole bacteria cells are analyzed, in an effort to understand why some proteins are successfully detected and many others are not. Forty peaks observed in the mass range 4,000-20,000 Da in the spectra of Escherichia coli K-12 and 11775 are tentatively assigned to proteins in a protein database, and these proteins are characterized by cell location, copy number, pI, and hydropathicity. Those detected originate in the cytosol and generally share the traits of high abundance within the cell, strong bacisity, and medium hydrophilicity.
Isolation of cDNAs for DNA-binding proteins which specifically bind to a tax-responsive enhancer element in the long terminal repeat of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (1991)

One of the gene products of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), p40tax, activates its own viral transcription in trans through tax-responsive enhancers in viral long terminal repeats. Five species of cDNA clones for proteins that bind to the tax-responsive enhancer element in HTLV-I were isolated from the Jurkat cell library. The beta-galactosidase fusion protein prepared from the lysogen of a clone specifically recognized the cyclic AMP-responsive element in HTLV-I enhancer. The nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA clone (TAXREB67) had a coding capacity of 351 amino acids, which contained a basic motif followed by a leucine zipper structure near the carboxy terminus. Its mRNA was detected in human cell lines, including HTLV-I-infected or noninfected hematopoietic cell lines. The mRNA level in Jurkat cells was decreased temporarily by increasing cyclic AMP concentration but increased by increasing Ca2+ concentration. Polyclonal antibodies against the fusion protein specifically recognized a 52-kDa protein in Jurkat cells. Analyses of the function of this protein and its interactions with other cellular factors will be useful to help understand the regulatory mechanism through tax-responsive enhancers in HTLV-I.
Nitrogen-polar GaN growth evolution on c-plane sapphire (2008)

This letter presents a study on N-polar GaN growth evolution on sapphire using a low-temperature GaN buffer, which is distinctly different from the two-step growth of Ga-polar GaN according to both in situ reflectance and ex situ microscopy. Annealed N-polar GaN buffer exhibits densely packed tiny grains, serving as a template for the subsequent high-temperature GaN growth, which starts in a quasi-two-dimensional mode without any roughening-recovery process. Atomically smooth N-polar GaN has been achieved with no stacking fault or inversion domain observed. The mosaic microstructure, electrical, and optical properties of N-polar GaN are compared with those of Ga-polar GaN.
Prolonged-release melatonin for insomnia &ndash; an open-label long-term study of efficacy, safety, and withdrawal (2011)

Results support the efficacy and safety of PRM in primary insomnia patients aged 20-80 throughout 6-12 months of continuous therapy. PRM discontinuation even after 12 months was not associated with adverse events, withdrawal symptoms, or suppression of endogenous melatonin production.
De la transición demográfica a la transición epidemiológica en la provincia Guantánamo (2006)

Se trata de estudio donde se evalua la transicion epidemiologica experimentada por la poblacion de la provincia Guantanamo a expensa de la transicion demografica sufrida por dicha poblacion. Es un estudio descriptivo, de tipo observacional, retrospectivo y longitudinal, donde se determina que en la poblacion de la provincia se ha producido un descenso marcado en la tasa de morbilidad por enfermedades infectocontagiosas, mientras que es visible la tendencia a la elevacion de la tasa de mortalidad por las enfermedades cronicas no transmisibles, lo que se relaciona con las modificaciones que ha tenido la poblacion del territorio, que se ha envejecido rapidamente por tener una baja tasa de natalidad y de fecundidad, y pocas modificaciones en las tasas de mortalidad general. Se destacan las modificaciones observadas en el comportamiento de las enfermedades que afectan a la poblacion, lo que hace que se modifiquen las estrategias y las necesidades de la atencion medica.
<title>Aerial image measurements on a commercial stepper</title> (1994)

A new method of testing high numerical aperture microlithographic lenses involves measuring the aerial image produced by the lens rather than using developed resist profiles. Direct measurement of the aerial image eliminates any process variations associated with the resist processing and also removes the subjective nature of evaluating resist profiles. The means of characterizing the aerial image is to measure the image intensity from grating patterns positioned at the image plane. Our image monitor used an artifact mask cover with 2-D scanning pinholes placed over a photodetector. This pinhole cover was fabricated in an 800 angstrom thick layer of amorphous silicon. The size of the pinholes is 0.2 micrometers and the pitch of the pinholes is 6.0 micrometers . This system of Aerial Image Measurement (AIM) has been successfully implemented on a 0.53 NA, deep-UV (DUV) microlithography stepper. In this paper we present the results of various direct aerial images such as elbows, contacts and isolated lines and space patterns measured with this technique. These images are produced from conventional chrome DUV masks.
Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (CoMFA and CoMSIA) studies on galardin derivatives as gelatinase A (matrix metalloproteinase 2) inhibitors (2008)

Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship models have been derived using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) and molecule docking for the training sets of galardin-based matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs). The statistical values for the best models are significant. The models showed that the steric effect near the S1' pocket and hydrogen-bonding effect of the zinc binding group play key roles on the inhibitory activity of gelatinase A. The sets of the training and test proved the models were stable and predictive, and may have a good prediction for the inhibition activities of galardin derivatives as gelatinase A inhibitors. The results not only lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and structural requirements of gelatinase A inhibitors but also can help to design novel inhibitors against gelatinase A.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Novel Phosphoramidate Derivatives of 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine (AZT) as Anti-HIV Compounds (1990)

A series of monophosphate triester derivatives of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT), designed as membrane-soluble pro-drugs of the nucleotide (AZTMP), have been tested for activity against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). It has been found that when carboxyl-protected, amino-linked amino acids, and alkyl chains, are asymmetrically substituted on the 5′-phosphate a significant antiviral effect is observed. Moreover, the activity of the compounds is profoundly dependent on the structure of the phosphate moiety, and in particular on the nature of the amino acid.
Measurement of Digoxin in Plasma and its use in Diagnosis of Digoxin Intoxication (1969)

A method for measuring the plasma-digoxin concentration uses the measurement of its inhibitory effect on (86)Rb uptake by human red cells in vitro. Patients receiving digoxin in whom there was no clinical evidence of digoxin intoxication had plasma digoxin concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 4.5 mmug./ml. Patients presenting with convincing clinical evidence of digoxin intoxication had plasma digoxin concentrations ranging from 4 to greater than 8 mmug./ml. It is suggested that the plasma digoxin concentration may be used as an aid in the diagnosis of digoxin intoxication.
High-resolution genomic profiles of human lung cancer (2005)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, yet there exists a limited view of the genetic lesions driving this disease. In this study, an integrated high-resolution survey of regional amplifications and deletions, coupled with gene-expression profiling of non-small-cell lung cancer subtypes, adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC), identified 93 focal copy-number alterations, of which 21 span <0.5 megabases and contain a median of five genes. Whereas all known lung cancer genes/loci are contained in the dataset, most of these recurrent copy-number alterations are previously uncharacterized and include high-amplitude amplifications and homozygous deletions. Notably, despite their distinct histopathological phenotypes, adenocarcinoma and SCC genomic profiles showed a nearly complete overlap, with only one clear SCC-specific amplicon. Among the few genes residing within this amplicon and showing consistent overexpression in SCC is p63, a known regulator of squamous-cell differentiation. Furthermore, intersection with the published pancreatic cancer comparative genomic hybridization dataset yielded, among others, two focal amplicons on 8p12 and 20q11 common to both cancer types. Integrated DNA-RNA analyses identified WHSC1L1 and TPX2 as two candidates likely targeted for amplification in both pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer.
A 3-Watt Q-Band GaAs pHEMT Power Amplifier MMIC For High Temperature Operation (2006)

A three-stage Q-band pHEMT power amplifier for 42-46GHz operation has been designed and built. The conservative stage peripheries of 2.64:5.28:7.68mm were chosen to ensure high temperature operation. Although designed for a nominal bias of 5.5V and 170mA/mm, the amplifier operates with biases of 2-6V and 65-190mA/mm. Record powers for this frequency range have been obtained. Biased at 6V and 170mA/mm the amplifier provided 4W of power at 20% efficiency over 42.5-43GHz at 30degC, and an average of 3W with 17% efficiency over 43.5-45.5GHz at 90degC. At 5.5V and 128mA/mm an average power of 3W with 20% efficiency was obtained over 43.5-45.5GHz at room temperature
Primary pulmonary hypertension. (2001)

Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a condition characterized by sustained elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) without demonstrable cause. The most common symptom at presentation is dyspnea. Other complaints include fatigue, chest pain, syncope, leg edema, and palpitations. Right heart catheterization is diagnostic, showing a mean PAP >25 mmHg at rest and >30 mmHg during exercise, with a normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. In the National Institutes of Health-PPH registry, the median survival period was 2.8 years. Treatment is aimed at lowering PAP, increasing cardiac output, and decreasing in situ thrombosis. Vasodilators have been used with some success in the treatment of PPH. They include prostacyclin, calcium-channel blockers, nitric oxide and adenosine. Anticoagulation has also been advised for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and in situ thromboses of the lungs. New drug treatments under investigation include L-arginine, plasma endothelin-I, and bosentan. Use of oxygen, digoxin, and diuretics for symptomatic relief have also been recommended. Patients with severe PPH refractory to medical management should be considered for surgery.
Errors in DNA replication as a basis of malignant changes. (1974)

Summary In this essay we have considered possible relationships between errors in DNA replication and malignant progression. Theoretical and experimental studies designed to determine the energy of interaction between different nucleotides have been reviewed. The difference of the energy of interaction between complementary and noncomplementary base pairs (1 to 3 kcal) is not sufficient to account for the exactness of DNA replication that is observed in vivo or in vitro. Thus, DNA polymerases must play a role in base selection. This point has been established by the detection of polymerases that copy polynucleotide templates with few errors and the detection of others that make many errors. Different mechanisms for base selection by polymerases have been considered. Our findings that both extracts of human leukemic lymphocytes and a purified DNA polymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus have exceptionally high error rates have been considered in relationship to oncogenesis. A hypothesis is presented that relates mistakes in DNA replication, as promoted by error-prone DNA polymerases, to tumor progression. We have also considered a more general concept encompassing early cellular changes that lead to oncogenesis. The justification for this essay is that both of these hypotheses are open to immediate experimental analysis.
The immunoglobulin heavy-chain matrix-associating regions are bound by Bright: a B cell-specific trans-activator that describes a new DNA-binding protein family. (1995)

B lymphocyte-restricted transcription of immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) genes is specified by elements within the variable region (VH) promoter and the intronic enhancer (E mu). The gene encoding a protein that binds a VH promoter proximal site necessary for induced mu-heavy-chain transcription has been cloned. This B-cell specific protein, termed Bright (B cell regulator of IgH transcription), is found in both soluble and matrix insoluble nuclear fractions. Bright binds the minor groove of a restricted ATC sequence that is sufficient for nuclear matrix association. This sequence motif is present in previously described matrix-associating regions (MARs) proximal to the promoter and flanking E mu. Bright can activate E mu-driven transcription by binding these sites, but only when they occur in their natural context and in cell lines permissive for E mu activity. To bind DNA, Bright requires a novel tetramerization domain and a previously undescribed domain that shares identity with several proteins, including SWI1, a component of the SWI/SNF complex.
Strontium and barium iodide high light yield scintillators (2008)

Europium-doped strontium and barium iodide are found to be readily growable by the Bridgman method and to produce high scintillation light yields. SrI2(Eu) emits into the Eu2+ band, centered at 435nm, with a decay time of 1.2μs and a light yield of ∼90000photons∕MeV. It offers energy resolution better than 4% full width at half maximum at 662keV, and exhibits excellent light yield proportionality. BaI2(Eu) produces &amp;gt;30000photons∕MeV into the Eu2+ band at 420nm (&amp;lt;1μs decay). An additional broad impurity-mediated recombination band is present at 550nm (&amp;gt;3μs decay), unless high-purity feedstock is used.
Movement‐related changes in synchronization in the human basal ganglia (2002)

There is a wealth of data suggesting that behavioural events are reflected in the basal ganglia through phasic changes in the discharge of individual neurones. Here we investigate whether events are also reflected in momentary changes in the degree of synchronization between neuronal elements. We simultaneously recorded local potentials (LPs) from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and/or ipsilateral globus pallidus interna (GPi) or scalp EEG during voluntary movements of a hand-held joystick in six awake patients following neurosurgery for Parkinson's disease. Without medication the power within the STN and the coherence between the STN and the GPi were dominated by activity with a frequency of <30 Hz. This coupling was attenuated by movement. In the presence of exogenous dopaminergic stimulation, power within the STN and coherence between the STN and the GPi was dominated by activity at 70-85 Hz, which increased with movement. The movement-related changes in coherence between the STN and EEG showed a similar pattern of pharmacological dependence, as seen subcortically. Movement-related frequency-specific changes in synchronization occur in the basal ganglia and extend to involve subcortico-cortical motor loops. The dynamic organization of activities in the frequency domain might provide a means for temporal co-ordination within and across different processing streams in the basal ganglia. This organization is critically dependent on the level of dopaminergic activity.
Thermus thermophilus 16S rRNA is transcribed from an isolated transcription unit (1989)

A cloned 16S rRNA gene from the extreme thermophilic eubacterium Thermus thermophilus HB8 was used to characterize the in vivo expression of the 16S rRNA genes in this organism by nuclease S1 mapping. The gene represents an isolated transcription unit encoding solely 16S rRNA. Under exponential growth conditions, transcription was initiated at a single promoter, which represents the structural equivalent of Escherichia coli rrn P2 promoters. The promoter-leader region was very similar to the E. coli rrn P2 promoter-leader segment that is responsible for antitermination. The T. thermophilus leader region was approximately 85 nucleotides shorter than its E. coli P2 counterpart. Potential processing intermediates were correlated with a proposed secondary structure of T. thermophilus pre-16S rRNA.
Unique Cellular Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles: Size-Dependent Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (2008)

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has created a vast array of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) which have unique physical (size, shape, crystallinity, surface charge) and chemical (surface coating, elemental composition and solubility) attributes. These physicochemical properties of ENMs can produce chemical conditions to induce a pro-oxidant environment in the cells, causing an imbalanced cellular energy system dependent on redox potential and thereby leading to adverse biological consequences, ranging from the initiation of inflammatory pathways through to cell death. The present study was designed to evaluate size-dependent cellular interactions of known biologically active silver nanoparticles (NPs, Ag-15 nm, Ag-30 nm, and Ag-55 nm). Alveolar macrophages provide the first defense and were studied for their potential role in initiating oxidative stress. Cell exposure produced morphologically abnormal sizes and adherence characteristics with significant NP uptake at high doses after 24 h. Toxicity evaluations using mitochondrial and cell membrane viability along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed. After 24 h of exposure, viability metrics significantly decreased with increasing dose (10-75 microg/mL) of Ag-15 nm and Ag-30 nm NPs. A more than 10-fold increase of ROS levels in cells exposed to 50 microg/mL Ag-15 nm suggests that the cytotoxicity of Ag-15 nm is likely to be mediated through oxidative stress. In addition, activation of the release of traditional inflammatory mediators were examined by measuring levels of cytokines/chemokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), released into the culture media. After 24 h of exposure to Ag-15 nm nanoparticles, a significant inflammatory response was observed by the release of TNF-alpha, MIP-2, and IL-1beta. However, there was no detectable level of IL-6 upon exposure to silver nanoparticles. In summary, a size-dependent toxicity was produced by silver nanoparticles, and one predominant mechanism of toxicity was found to be largely mediated through oxidative stress.
Targeted selection of recombinant clones through gene dosage effects. (1983)

The availability of multicopy plasmid vectors for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae allows the selective amplification of individual segments of the genome. Increased dosage of particular genes results in overproduction of specific gene products and thereby confers resistance to certain metabolic inhibitors. Advantage was taken of this fact to isolate recombinant clones that increase the activities of the enzymes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-1-P transferase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase.
Osmium Complexes with Tridentate 6‐Pyrazol‐3‐yl 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligands: Coarse Tuning of Phosphorescence from the Red to the Near‐Infrared Region (2006)

Abstract We have prepared and characterized a series of osmium complexes [Os 2 (CO) 4 (fpbpy) 2 ] ( 1 ), [Os(CO)(fpbpy) 2 ] ( 2 ), and [Os(fpbpy) 2 ] ( 3 ) with tridentate 6‐pyrazol‐3‐yl 2,2′‐bipyridine chelating ligands. Upon the transformation of complex 2 into 3 through the elimination of the CO ligand, an extremely large change in the phosphorescence wavelength from 655 to 935 nm was observed. The results are rationalized qualitatively by the strong π‐accepting character of CO, which lowers the energy of the osmium d π orbital, in combination with the lower degree of π conjugation in 2 owing to the absence of one possible pyridine‐binding site. As a result, the energy gap for both intraligand π–π* charge transfer (ILCT) and metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) is significantly greater in 2 . Firm support for this explanation was also provided by the time‐dependent DFT approach, the results of which led to the conclusion that the S 0 →T 1 transition mainly involves MLCT between the osmium center and bipyridine in combination with pyrazolate‐to‐bipyridine 3 π–π* ILCT. The relatively weak near‐infrared emission can be rationalized tentatively by the energy‐gap law, according to which the radiationless deactivation may be governed by certain low‐frequency motions with a high density of states. The information provided should allow the successful design of other emissive tridentate metal complexes, the physical properties of which could be significantly different from those of complexes with only a bidentate chromophore.
XML技術大全 : 新世代の情報戦略 : そのテクノロジと可能性 (1999)

第１部 ＸＭＬとは？（なぜＸＭＬなのか？；ＸＭＬはどこへ？ ほか） 第２部 ＸＭＬで何ができるのか？（フライトマイル会員向けユーザ別サイト；オンラインオークション ほか） 第３部 ＸＭＬの応用事例（Ｈｉｔａｃｈｉ Ｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒ；ワシントンポスト ほか） 第４部 ＸＭＬ向けツール（ＦｒａｍｅＭａｋｅｒ＋ＳＧＭＬ；ＡＤＥＰＴ・Ｅｄｉｔｏｒ ほか） 第５部 ＸＭＬのテクノロジ（ＸＭＬの基礎；文書型定義 ほか）
Perception of affect elicited by robot motion (2010)

Nonverbal behaviors serve as a rich source of information in inter human communication. In particular, motion cues can reveal details on a person's current physical and mental state. Research has shown, that people do not only interpret motion cues of humans in these terms, but also the motion of animals and inanimate devices such as robots. In order to successfully integrate mobile robots in domestic environments, designers have therefore to take into account how the device will be perceived by the user. In this study we analyzed the relationship between motion characteristics of a robot and perceived affect. Based on a literature study we selected two motion characteristics, namely acceleration and curvature, which appear to be most influential for how motion is perceived. We systematically varied these motion parameters and recorded participants interpretations in terms of affective content. Our results suggest a strong relation between motion parameters and attribution of affect, while the type of embodiment had no effect. Furthermore, we found that the level of acceleration can be used to predict perceived arousal and that valence information is at least partly encoded in an interaction between acceleration and curvature. These findings are important for the design of behaviors for future autonomous household robots.
Comparing Strain Gage Measurements to Force Calculations in a Simple Cantilever Beam (2016)

This paper describes an experimental study relating force and strain calculations to a physical measurement. Using a strain gage, a laboratory set up detects microStrains in a cantilever beam. The strain gage is connected to a cantilever beam whose lead wires are configured in a quarter Wheatstone bridge. LabView, a user interface program, is used to translate changes in wire resistance on the strain gage into a numerical value, in microStrains. This laboratory experiment is intended for students to physically and visually understand how force relates to strain.