gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum neurofilament light chain protein is a measure of disease intensity in frontotemporal dementia (2016)

Increased serum NfL concentrations are seen in FTD but show wide variability within each clinical and genetic group. Higher concentrations may reflect the intensity of the disease in FTD and are associated with more rapid atrophy of the frontal lobes.
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp lactis (strain CIDCA 133) resists the antimicrobial activity triggered by molecules derived from enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells. (2009)

Aims:The aim of the present study was to assess the ability of a potentially probiotic strain to resist, in vitro, the effect of intestinal antimicrobial molecules.Methods and results: Strain CIDCA 133 of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp lactis was studied.Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus as well as other gram positive and gram-negative bacteria were used for comparison purposes.The effect of different antimicrobial extracts was determined by diffusion assays, viable counts and growth kinetics.Human-defensins (h/(DI and h/>D2) were also included in the study.Two types of cellular fractions from Caco-2 cells were tested: (i) cytosolic fractions, obtained by sonication of cultured human enterocytes and (ii) cationic fraction, obtained by batch extraction of the cyto solic fraction with a weak cation exchange resin.In addition, the effect of Caco-2-secreted factors was studied.Strain CIDCA 133 was neither inhibited by Caco-2 secreted, cytosolic nor cationic fractions.Of note, human-defensins were inactive against strain CIDCA 133.In contrast, a related lactobacilli: Lactobacilli delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus (strain CIDCA 331) and other species of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria were strongly inhibited.Conclusions: Strain CIDCA 133 is able to survive and grow in the presence of enterocyte-derived antimicrobial molecules.This ability is not a general property of lactobacilli.Significance and Impact of the Study: Results could provide a new insight into the mechanisms of the probiotic effect and encourage further studies on this field.Resistance to antimicrobial peptides can be relevant to understand the interaction of potentially probiotic strains with the host's immune system.This ability can be also relevant as a selection criterion for new probiotic strains.
Growth characteristics in fed‐batch culture of hybridoma cells with control of glucose and glutamine concentrations (1994)

An online system using HPLC was developed for the measurement of glucose, glutamine, and lactate in a culture broth. Using the system, the glucose and glutamine concentrations were controlled simultaneously by an adaptive-control algorithm within the ranges of 0.2 to 2.0 and 0.1 to 0.6 g/L, respectively. When the glucose concentration was controlled at the low level of 0.2 g/L, the intracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity decreased by one-half and the lactate concentration by one-third, whereas the uptake rates of serine and glycine were about twice as high, compared with the amounts when the glucose concentration was controlled at 1.0 g/L. On the other hand, ammonia production increased when the glucose concentration was kept low. To reduce the production of inhibitory metabolites such as ammonia and lactate and improve the antibody production rate in a hybridoma cell culture, the concentrations of glucose and glutamine were controlled at 0.2 and 0.1 g/L, respectively. With these low concentrations of glucose and glutamine, the cell concentration (4.1 x 10(6) cells/mL) and antibody production (172 mg/L) both increased about twofold compared with the amounts when the glucose was controlled at higher levels. From these results, simultaneous control of the glucose and glutamine concentrations was shown to be useful in the production of antibody by hybridoma cell cultivation.
Hemispherical microphone arrays for sound capture and beamforming (2006)

We design and demonstrate a hemispherical microphone array for spatial sound acquisition and beamforming. Our design makes use of the acoustic image principle. It is especially appropriate for a half 3D acoustic environment where all sound sources are constrained on one side of a rigid plane. It avoids the difficulties of building a full spherical microphone array yet keeps the advantage of achieving a direction-invariant beampattern. A special microphone layout is designed for simple implementation. We also propose an approach to effectively calibrate data-independent coefficients of the system. Simulation and experimental results are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationship of a New Series of Potent AT1 Selective Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: 5‐(Biphenyl‐ 4‐ylmethyl)pyrazoles. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Religion and Political Development in Central Europe around 1900: A View from Vienna (1994)

To view the church-state problem from Vienna in 1900 is to view it from the capital of an ancient Catholic state in a multiethnic cultural arena, a world in which Catholicism strove, at least officially, to be supranational, and in which, although there was no Catholic nation, there was a preeminent and distinguished Catholic dynasty. This was a world in which large numbers of Austrians—many of them in rural areas—continued to affirm popular religious affections and loyalties throughout the century—values and practices that if not always consonant with official Catholic doctrine, at least afforded the hierarchical church and sympathetic aristocratic and bourgeois elites the ready opportunity to claim Catholicism as not only a historic and true but also a public and mass religion. At the same time, the long-term heritage of Josephinist state control of the church had powerful negative effects on active religiosity and religious identity, especially among the emergent Bürgertum and urban inhabitants of the monarchy. The Concordat of 1855—coming after the failed revolution of 1848–49 and on the heels of the imposition of neoabsolutist rule—was an imprudent decision precisely because it alienated both the Josephinist state and incipient bürgerlich society.
Netropsin (1974)

A useful tool for these and related studies would be a small molecule which binds to DNA with a specificity complementary to that of actinomycin D. After surveying a number of likely agents, including nogalamycin, phleomycin, quinacrine, distamytin, and reticulomycin, we concluded that netropsin could best fulfill this requirement.It binds specifically to helical DNA at A-T pairs but not at G-C pairs.It does not intercalate but may cause a structural distortion.
Adaptively weighted update steps in motion compensated lifting based scalable video compression (2004)

Motion-compensated temporal wavelet decomposition is a use-framework for fully scalable video compression schemes. In paper we propose a new approach to reduce the ghosting artifacts in low-pass temporal subbands; we adaptively weight the update steps according to the energy in the high-pass temporal sub-bands at the corresponding location. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can substantially remove ghosting from low-pass temporal frames. Importantly, at full frame-rate, the proposed algorithm has similar performance to the original motion-compensated temporal decomposition, with superior performance where the motion model fails significantly. While entirely skipping the update steps accomplishes a similar objective, we show that the proposed method for adaptively weighting the update steps has better performance, especially in the presence of additive noise. Since the compressed bit-stream is scalable, the decoder does not generally have exactly the same information which the encoder used to determine weights for the update steps. Nevertheless, the proposed method exhibits good robustness to quantization error.
Single-molecule techniques : a laboratory manual (2008)

1. The New Era of Biology In Singulo T. Ha and P.R. Selvin IN VITRO FLUORESCENCE 2. Single-Molecule FRET with Total Internal Reflection Microscopy C. Joo and T. Ha 3. In Vitro and In Vivo FIONA and Other Acronyms for Watching Molecular Motors Walk P.R. Selvin, T. Lougheed, M.T. Hoffman, H. Park, H. Balci, B.H. Blehm, and E. Toprak 4. Colocalization of Fluorescent Probes: Accurate and Precise Registration with Nanometer Resolution L.S. Churchman and J.A. Spudich 5. Alternating-Laser Excitation of Single Molecules A.N. Kapanidis, M. Heilemann, E. Margeat, X. Kong, E. Nir, and S. Weiss 6. Orientation and Rotational Motions of Single Molecules by Polarized Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy J.F. Beausang, Y. Sun, M.E. Quinlan, J.N. Forkey, and Y.E. Goldman FLUORESCENCE IN LIVING CELLS 7. Imaging Gene Expression in Living Cells at the Single-Molecule Level J. Xiao, J. Elf, G.-W. Li, J. Yu, and X.S. Xie 8. Single-Virus Tracking in Live Cells M.J. Rust, M. Lakadamyali, B. Brandenburg, and X. Zhuang 9. Ultrasensitive Imaging in Live Cells Using Fluorescent Quantum Dots S. Courty and M. Dahan 10. Imaging Real-Time Gene Expression in Living Systems A.L. Wells, J.S. Condeelis, R.H. Singer, and D. Zenklusen 11. Single-Molecule Imaging of Stochastic Signaling Events in Living Cells S. Matsuoka, Y. Miyanaga, T. Yanagida, and M. Ueda 12. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy In Vitro and In Vivo E. Haustein and P. Schwille OPTICAL TRAPS 13. Optical Traps to Study Properties of Molecular Motors J.A. Spudich, S.E. Rice, R.S. Rock, T.J. Purcell, and H.M. Warrick 14. High-Resolution Dual-Trap Optical Tweezers with Differential Detection C. Bustamante, Y.R. Chemla, and J.R. Moffitt 15. Imaging and Nanomanipulation of an Actomyosin Motor S. Nishikawa, T. Komori, T. Ariga, T. Okada, M. Morimatsu, Y. Ishii, and T. Yanagida MAGNETIC TRAPS 16. Single-Molecule Studies Using Magnetic Traps T. Lionnet, J.-F. Allemand, A. Revyakin, T.R. Strick, O.A. Saleh, D. Bensimon, and V. Croquette FORCE PROBES/ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY 17. Probing Polysaccharide and Protein Mechanics by Atomic Force Microscopy M. Rabbi and P.E. Marszalek CHANNELS 18. Single-Molecule Analysis of Nucleic Acids and DNA-Protein Interactions Using Nanopores M. Wanunu and A. Meller OTHER TECHNIQUES 19. Single-Molecule Gold-Nanoparticle Tracking with High Temporal and Spatial Resolution and without an Applied Load A.R. Dunn and J. A. Spudich 20. Advances in Surface-based Assays for Single Molecules P.M. Fordyce, M.T. Valentine, and S.M. Block 21. Hydrodynamic Flow-stretching Assay for Single-Molecule Studies of Nucleic Acid-Protein Interactions C.M. Schroeder, P.C. Blainey, S. Kim, and X.S. Xie APPENDIX: Cautions INDEX
Carbohydrate Malabsorption: Quantification by Methane and Hydrogen Breath Tests (1994)

Our study suggests that in methane producers, simple addition of methane and hydrogen excretion improves the precision of semiquantitative measurements of carbohydrate malabsorption. The status of methane production should, therefore, be known to interpret breath tests semiquantitatively. The weak correlation between hydrogen and methane excretion and gas-related abdominal complaints suggests that other factors than net production of these gases may be responsible for the symptoms.
Dendritic Cell-Based Xenoantigen Vaccination for Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy (2001)

Many tumor-associated Ags represent tissue differentiation Ags that are poorly immunogenic. Their weak immunogenicity may be due to immune tolerance to self-Ags. Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is just such an Ag that is expressed by both normal and malignant prostate tissue. We have previously demonstrated that PAP can be immunogenic in a rodent model. However, generation of prostate-specific autoimmunity was seen only when a xenogeneic homolog of PAP was used as the immunogen. To explore the potential role of xenoantigen immunization in cancer patients, we performed a phase I clinical trial using dendritic cells pulsed with recombinant mouse PAP as a tumor vaccine. Twenty-one patients with metastatic prostate cancer received two monthly vaccinations of xenoantigen-loaded dendritic cells with minimal treatment-associated side effects. All patients developed T cell immunity to mouse PAP following immunization. Eleven of the 21 patients also developed T cell proliferative responses to the homologous self-Ag. These responses were associated with Ag-specific IFN-gamma and/or TNF-alpha secretion, but not IL-4, consistent with induction of Th1 immunity. Finally, 6 of 21 patients had clinical stabilization of their previously progressing prostate cancer. All six of these patients developed T cell immunity to human PAP following vaccination. These results demonstrate that xenoantigen immunization can break tolerance to a self-Ag in humans, resulting in a clinically significant antitumor effect.
Diuretic Management in Heart Failure (2010)

Many of the primary clinical manifestations of heart failure are due to fluid retention and congestion, and therefore treatments targeting congestion play a central role in heart failure management. Diuretic therapy remains the cornerstone of congestion treatment, and diuretics are prescribed to the majority of heart failure patients. Despite this ubiquitous use, there is limited evidence from prospective randomized studies to guide the use of diuretics. Some observational data have suggested that diuretics may actually be harmful in heart failure, potentially contributing to worsening renal function, neurohormonal activation, and even heart failure progression. Recent clinical trial data have provided new insights into the balance of risks and benefits from diuretics. This review describes the mechanism of action of available diuretic classes, reviews their clinical use based on current guidelines, and briefly discusses evolving alternatives to diuretic therapy in the management of congestion in heart failure patients.
Highly efficient and sustained gene transfer in adult neurons with a lentivirus vector (1997)

The identification of monogenic and complex genes responsible for neurological disorders requires new approaches for delivering therapeutic protein genes to significant numbers of cells in the central nervous system. A lentivirus-based vector capable of infecting dividing and quiescent cells was investigated in vivo by injecting highly concentrated viral vector stock into the striatum and hippocampus of adult rats. Control brains were injected with a Moloney murine leukemia virus, adenovirus, or adeno-associated virus vector. The volumes of the areas containing transduced cells and the transduced-cell densities were stereologically determined to provide a basis for comparison among different viral vectors and variants of the viral vector stocks. The efficiency of infection by the lentivirus vector was improved by deoxynucleoside triphosphate pretreatment of the vector and was reduced following mutation of integrase and the Vpr-matrix protein complex involved in the nuclear translocation of the preintegration complex. The lentivirus vector system was able to efficiently and stably infect quiescent cells in the primary injection site with transgene expression for over 6 months. Triple labeling showed that 88.7% of striatal cells transduced by the lentivirus vector were terminally differentiated neurons.
New 64Cu PET imaging agents for personalised medicine and drug development using the hexa-aza cage, SarAr (2006)

The success of positron emission tomography (PET) in personalised medicine and drug development requires radioisotopes that provide high quality images and flexible chemistry for a broad application. 64Cu is arguably one of the most suitable PET isotopes for imaging with the evolving target agents, but there are not many appropriate chelating agents for 64Cu and this has limited its wider application. The bi-functional chelator, SarAr is known to bind 64Cu2+ quantitatively (i.e. one metal per ligand present) and rapidly (<2 min) at 10(-6) M over a range of pH (4-9). In this paper the conjugation of SarAr to the whole and fragmented antibody is described. Conjugation of the SarAr to the protein does not impair its coordination of the 64Cu. It complexes the 64Cu2+ rapidly, quantitatively and essentially irreversibly at pH 5. Animal studies show that the 64Cu-SarAr-immunoconjugates maintain their specificity for the target and are stable in vivo. Also, SarAr is a platform technology, is easy to use in a kit formulation and is readily adaptable for the wider application in 64Cu PET imaging.
Toward Atomic-Scale Device Fabrication in Silicon Using Scanning Probe Microscopy (2004)

We present a complete fabrication process for the creation of robust nano-and atomic-scale devices in silicon using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). In particular we develop registration markers which, in combination with a custom-designed STM-scanning electron microscope (SEM) system, solve one of the key fabrication problems − connecting the STM-patterned buried phosphorus-doped devices, fabricated in the ultrahigh vacuum environment, to the outside world. The first devices demonstrate the feasibility of this technology and confirm the presence of quantum confinement in devices as electron propagation is laterally constricted by STM patterning.
THE ISOLATION OF Δ9-ETIOCHOLENOL-3(α)-ONE-17 FROM HUMAN URINE (1947)

The isolation from urine of normal and of diseased individuals of two steroids containing an oxygen atom at the 11 position, namely, androstanediol-3(a), 11(P)-one-17
Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of tympanometry in predicting a hearing impairment in otitis media with effusion (1999)

Children with otitis media with effusion (OME) need monitoring over time to identify persistence of disease and to assess their hearing thresholds as a surrogate of auditory disability. It would be useful if tympanometry could be used to predict those with an impairment. This study looked at 1153 children, aged between 3.25 and 6.75 years, referred for suspected OME. The inclusion of type C2 tympanograms with type B tympanograms versus all other tympanogram types increased the sensitivity of detecting air-conduction thresholds and air-bone gaps of various magnitudes in the better hearing ear but lowered the specificity and the positive predictive value. Extending the pressure range to −600 daPa and excluding the 30% of children with poor concentration on audiometry made no difference to the sensitivity and specificity. The results were the same for the poorer hearing ear. These findings are of practical help in monitoring children with OME. Thus taking an air-conduction average of 25 dB HL in the better ear as the level needing detection, if all children are audiometrically assessed then 100% of those with an impairment will be identified. Limiting audiometry to those with a bilateral type B tympanogram reduces the workload by 50%, but 90% of impaired children will still be detected. Limiting audiometry to those with type B or C2 tympanograms reduces the workload to 69% of the sample, and 95% of impaired children will be identified. With such data, decisions as to how to allocate limited audiometric resources for monitoring children with OME are made easier.
First noninvasive thermal ablation of a brain tumor with MR-guided focusedultrasound (2014)

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) allows for precise thermal ablation of target tissues. While this emerging modality is increasingly used for the treatment of various types of extracranial soft tissue tumors, it has only recently been acknowledged as a modality for noninvasive neurosurgery. MRgFUS has been particularly successful for functional neurosurgery, whereas its clinical application for tumor neurosurgery has been delayed for various technical and procedural reasons. Here, we report the case of a 63-year-old patient presenting with a centrally located recurrent glioblastoma who was included in our ongoing clinical phase I study aimed at evaluating the feasibility and safety of transcranial MRgFUS for brain tumor ablation. Applying 25 high-power sonications under MR imaging guidance, partial tumor ablation could be achieved without provoking neurological deficits or other adverse effects in the patient. This proves, for the first time, the feasibility of using transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound to safely ablate substantial volumes of brain tumor tissue.
Electrical stimulation promotes peripheral axon regeneration by enhanced neuronal neurotrophin signaling (2007)

Electrical stimulation of cut peripheral nerves at the time of their surgical repair results in an enhancement of axon regeneration. Regeneration of axons through nerve allografts was used to evaluate whether this effect is due to an augmentation of cell autonomous neurotrophin signaling in the axons or signaling from neurotrophins produced in the surrounding environment. In the thy-1-YFP-H mouse, a single 1 h application of electrical stimulation at the time of surgical repair of the cut common fibular nerve results in a significant increase in the proportion of YFP+ dorsal root ganglion neurons, which were immunoreactive for BDNF or trkB, as well as an increase in the length of regenerating axons through allografts from wild type litter mates, both 1 and 2 weeks later. Axon growth through allografts from neurotrophin-4/5 knockout mice or grafts made acellular by repeated cycles of freezing and thawing is normally very poor, but electrical stimulation results in a growth of axons through these grafts, which is similar to that observed through grafts from wild type mice after electrical stimulation. When cut nerves in NT-4/5 knockout mice were electrically stimulated, no enhancement of axon regeneration was found. Electrical stimulation thus produces a potent enhancement of the regeneration of axons in cut peripheral nerves, which is independent of neurotrophin production by cells in their surrounding environment but is dependent on stimulation of trkB and its ligands in the regenerating axons themselves.
A survey of commercial parallel processors (1988)

This paper compares eight commercial parallel processors along several dimensions. The processors include four shared-bus multiprocessors (the Encore Multimax, the Sequent Balance system, the Alliant FX series, and the ELXSI System 6400) and four network multiprocessors (the BBN Butterfly, the NCUBE, the Intel iPSC/2, and the FPS T Series). The paper contrasts the computers from the standpoint of interconnection structures, memory configurations, and interprocessor communication. Also, the shared-bus multiprocessors are compared in terms of cache-coherence strategies, and the network multiprocessors are compared in terms of node structure. Where possible, price and performance information has been included. The reader is cautioned that this survey is based largely on information submitted by manufacturers; the authors have not performed any independent evaluation.
Fuel Science and Technology Handbook (1990)

The focus here is on new methods and known technologies that assist in the development of unconventional worldwide fossil fuel resources comparing petroleum to other fossil fuels, such as tar sands and heavy oils, bitumen, coal, oil shale, and natural gas. The contributions contrast scientific and t