gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined-Modality Treatment of Solid Tumors Using Radiotherapy and Molecular Targeted Agents (2003)

Combining RT and molecular targeted agents is a rational approach in the treatment of solid tumors. Translation of this approach from promising preclinical data to clinical trials is actively underway.
Decrease of allergen‐specific T‐cell response induced by local nasal immunotherapy (1998)

These data suggest that a common mechanism of both LNIT and SIT is the induction of T-cell tolerance, thus providing a rational basis to explain why LNIT may be clinically successful in allergic patients with rhinits.
Sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant drugs (2004)

The term 'sexual dysfunction' describes a disturbance in sexual desire and the psychophysiological changes that characterise the normal sexual response cycle, and cause marked personal distress and interpersonal difficulty. Epidemiological studies indicate that sexual dysfunction is common in the general population, but more common in depressed individuals in community settings and clinical samples. Most antidepressant drugs have adverse effects on sexual function, but accurate identification of the incidence of treatment-emergent dysfunction has proved troublesome. Futhermore, investigations of sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressants have one or more methodological flaws. There may be some advantages for bupropion, moclobemide, nefazodone and reboxetine over other antidepressants. Many approaches have been adopted for management of patients with sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant treatment, including waiting for the problem to resolve, behavioural strategies to modify sexual technique, individual and couple psychotherapy, delaying the intake of antidepressants until after sexual activity, reduction in daily dosage, 'drug holidays', use of adjuvant treatments, and switching to a different antidepressant.
Scheduling of thermal power systems with emission constraints: a multiobjective approach (2005)

Two mesostructured MCM-41 silicas that differ dramatically in hydrothermal stability have been examined by (29)Si MAS NMR spectroscopy and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of synchrotron X-ray scattering data. The less stable mesostructure assembled from sodium silicate and the substantially more stable derivative made from fumed silica possess equivalent local framework wall structures, as judged by NMR and PDF methods. Approximately 80% of the SiO(4) tetrahedra are fully cross-linked as Q(4) (Si(OSi)(4)) units in both calcined samples. Additionally, the structural correlation distances for the two materials are nearly identical, having values of 1.62(1), approximately 2.60, and 3.09(1) A for the Si-O, O-O, and nearest neighbor Si-Si distances in the framework. Sodium ions in the framework play a crucial role in limiting the hydrothermal stability of the mesostructure. Residual sodium ( approximately 0.05-0.10% Na(2)O) is retained in the MCM-41 made from sodium silicate, even after two ion exchange reactions with ammonium ions in more than 300 - fold excess. The entrapped framework sodium ions catalyze the collapse of the mesopores upon exposure to 20% steam at 800 degrees C for 5 h. The sodium - free mesostructure assembled from fumed silica retains an open framework under the same hydrothermal conditions. The stability of the fumed silica derivative, however, is greatly compromised when doped with as little as 0.10% Na(2)O, thus confirming the deleterious effect of sodium on hydrothermal stability.
Nerve growth factor (NGF) induces motoneuron apoptosis in rat embryonic spinal cord in vitro (1999)

Recent studies have demonstrated that nerve growth factor (NGF) induces apoptosis of several cell types in the central nervous system through its low-affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). To test the effect of NGF on embryonic motoneuron survival, we developed an organotypic culture system which allowed the in vitro development of intact embryonic rat spinal cords. In our system, neural tubes were taken and cultured at E13, just before the onset of physiological motoneuron death. After 2 days in vitro (DIV), motoneurons underwent apoptosis over a time-course similar to that in vivo. In this system, the addition of NGF (200 ng/mL) for 2 days enhanced the number of apoptotic motoneurons by 37%. This pro-apoptotic effect was completely reversed by the blocking anti-p75NTR (REX) antibody which inhibits NGF binding to p75NTR. Other neurotrophins, e.g. brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT3) and neurotrophin 4/5 (NT4/5) did not have any effect, while glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promoted motoneuron survival. Anti-BDNF blocking antibodies enhanced motoneuron death indicating that endogenous BDNF promotes motoneuron survival in explants. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that NGF can induce embryonic motoneuron apoptosis through its receptor p75NTR.
Small GTPases and regulation of cadherin dependent cell-cell adhesion (1999)

Cadherins belong to a superfamily of cell-cell adhesion receptors that bind to the same type of molecules (homotypic interaction) in a calcium dependent manner. Different members of the family are found in a wide variety of cell types and cadherin adhesive function plays a role in cell fate, segregation, and differentiation, which ensures the higher order of organisation found in many tissues. This review will focus on the role that cadherin adhesiveness plays in the differentiation of epithelial cells, and how cadherin function can be regulated by proteins of the small GTPase family. In the text, readers are referred to recent reviews and other chapters covering important topics that are not discussed here because of space limitation.
Metabolites of Aspergillus indicus : The structure and some aspects of the biosynthesis of dihydrocanadensolide (1968)

Aspergillus indicus grown on a semi-synthetic medium produces a number of metabolites including kojic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, ß-nitropropionic acid, indazonic acids, fumaryl-~danine, and dihydrocanadensolide. The last compound is shown to have the formula (I) and is biosynthesized in part from "acetate" units; the rest of the molecule may come from pyruvic acid.
High-Resolution Solution Structure of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Determined by Multidimensional Heteronuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1996)

The high-resolution solution structure of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), a protein of 17.2 kDa that exhibits a variety of functions related to cell growth and differentiation, has been determined using three-dimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. A total of 30 structures were calculated by means of hybrid distance geometry--simulated annealing using a total of 2865 experimental NMR restraints, consisting of 2486 approximate inteproton distance restraints, 50 distance restraints for 25 backbone hydrogen bonds, and 329 torsion angle restraints. The atomic rms distribution about the mean coordinate positions for the 30 structures for residues 29-152 is 0.43 +/- 0.03 A for the backbone atoms, 0.83 +/- 0.05 A for all atoms, and 0.51 +/- 0.04 A for all atoms excluding disordered side chains. The overall structure of FGF-2 consists of 11 extended antiparallel beta-strands arranged in three groups of three or four strands connected by tight turns and loop regions creating a pseudo-3-fold symmetry. Two strands from each group come together to form a beta-sheet barrel of six antiparallel beta-strands. A helix-like structure was observed for residues 131-136, which is part of the heparin binding site (residues 128-138). The discovery of the helix-like region in the primary heparin binding site instead of the beta-strand conformation described in the X-ray structures may have important implications in understanding the nature of heparin--FGF-2 interactions. A total of seven tightly bound water molecules were found in the FGF-2 structure, two of which are located in the heparin binding site. The first 28 N-terminal residues appear to be disordered, which is consistent with previous X-ray structures. A best fit superposition of the NMR structure of FGF-2 with the 1.9 A resolution X-ray structure by Zhu et al. (1991) yields a backbone atomic rms difference of 0.94 A, indicative of a close similarity between the NMR and X-ray structures.
Prooxidant States and Tumor Promotion (1985)

There is convincing evidence that cellular prooxidant states—that is, increased concentrations of active oxygen and organic peroxides and radicals—can promote initiated cells to neoplastic growth. Prooxidant states can be caused by different classes of agents, including hyperbaric oxygen, radiation, xenobiotic metabolites and Fenton-type reagents, modulators of the cytochrome P-450 electron-transport chain, peroxisome proliferators, inhibitors of the antioxidant defense, and membrane-active agents. Many of these agents are promoters or complete carcinogens. They cause chromosomal damage by indirect action, but the role of this damage in carcinogenesis remains unclear. Prooxidant states can be prevented or suppressed by the enzymes of the cellular antioxidant defense and low molecular weight scavenger molecules, and many antioxidants are antipromoters and anticarcinogens. Finally, prooxidant states may modulate the expression of a family of prooxidant genes, which are related to cell growth and differentiation, by inducing alterations in DNA structure or by epigenetic mechanisms, for example, by polyadenosine diphosphate-ribosylation of chromosomal proteins.
Error analysis of a dimension estimation approach (2010)

In this paper, we present an error analysis of a previously reported dimension estimation approach using laser diodes. To assess the reliability of the measurement system, we derive the estimation error with respect to a number of influential variables. We concentrate on the error propagation from the intersection estimation/approximation block to the final dimension estimation block, since the integration of the instrument noise, measurement error, numerical error and processing error can be treated as additive white noise. Our analysis shows that the error minimization problem is equivalent to a feature point position selection problem.
Improvement of spinal non-viral IL-10gene delivery by D-mannose as a transgene adjuvant to control chronic neuropathic pain (2014)

Peri-spinal treatment with D-mannose may optimize naked pDNA-IL-10 transgene uptake for suppression of allodynia, and is a novel approach to tune spinal immune cells toward pro-phagocytic phenotype for improved non-viral gene therapy.
On bringing people and park together through ecotourism: The Nanda Devi National Park, India (2004)

While the need for linking park with people was heavily stressed both at the World Conservation Strategy (1980) and the World Congress of National Parks (1982), the conflict has remained unresolved, particularly in the developing nations. The hackneyed question, who is more important – monkey or man - is still argued. Admittedly, human beings are as much a part of nature as any other animal or plant species. Indeed, it is neither desirable nor feasible to alienate poor people, living in and around parks and protected areas. Modern methods of judicious park management now point more to Integrated Conservation Development Projects (ICDP) than resorting to a traditional “fences and fines” approach. ICDP ensures the conservation of biological diversity by reconciling the management of park with social and economic needs of the local people, who have limited access to resources and few alternative means of livelihood. Paradoxically, these people bear substantial costs – as a result of lost access – while receiving little in return. Nanda Devi National Park in Uttaranchal (India) presents an unsavory example of people and park relationship. It is India's highest park after Kangchendzongha (Sikkim). Characterized by high altitude ecology, the park (625 sq. km) is profoundly rich in biodiversity, mountain-lores and mythologies. Indigenous communities, particularly Bhotias, have enriched the landscape by their bizarre ways of life. After Tilman and Shipston's successful ascent (1936) of Nanda Devi peak (7817 m), an era of mountaineering and trekking ensued which resulted in degradation of fragile Himalayan environment. Poaching of musk deer and herb smuggling also raised alarm. Considering the dire conservation needs for preserving genetic resources and diversity of species, the area was notified as a National Park in 1982. Subsequently, the park was closed for ecological quarantine. Later it was declared a Biosphere Reserve (1988) and inscribed asa World Heritage Site in 1992. Customary to Third World practices, the park emphasized a policing role excluding local people, displacing them arbitrarily with meager or little compensation for their losses of livelihood. Ban on tourism activities further added to their problem of life and living. The paper discusses the cleavage of park and people and argues that development of sound ecotourism can resolve this conflict and bring park and people together.
Vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein pseudotyped retroviral vectors: concentration to very high titer and efficient gene transfer into mammalian and nonmammalian cells. (1993)

The restricted host-cell range and low titer of retroviral vectors limit their use for stable gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. To overcome these limitations, we have produced murine leukemia virus-derived vectors in which the retroviral envelope glycoprotein has been completely replaced by the G glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus. Such vectors can be concentrated by ultracentrifugation to titers > 10(9) colony-forming units/ml and can infect cells, such as hamster and fish cell lines, that are ordinarily resistant to infection with vectors containing the retroviral envelope protein. The ability to concentrate vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein pseudotyped vectors will facilitate gene therapy model studies and other gene transfer experiments that require direct delivery of vectors in vivo. The availability of these pseudotyped vectors will also facilitate genetic studies in nonmammalian species, including the important zebrafish developmental system, through the efficient introduction and expression of foreign genes.
The Reaction of Diazoketones with Thioamide Derivatives (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Diazoketones with Thioamide DerivativesL. Carroll. King and F. M. MillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 1, 367–368Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1949https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01169a509RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (281 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
High-Level Switcher Interface Improves Editing Techniques (1985)

Ninety percent of editing is done with a minimum requirement for the switcher interface. The remaining 10%, however, involves the creation of complex effects and sequences, and requires not only a video switcher, but a large investment in digital video effects, graphics equipment, still stores, and title cameras. Thus an improvement in editing techniques for producing effects could make better use of several major pieces of equipment. A serial interface that allows better communication between the editor, switcher, and digital effects equipment has been developed. This interface allows the switcher to report manual operations back to the editor, dumps effects memory register contents to the editor, and permits editor control of all switcher functions. Operation of the interface and proposed new features are discussed.
Three things everyone should know to improve object retrieval (2012)

The objective of this work is object retrieval in large scale image datasets, where the object is specified by an image query and retrieval should be immediate at run time in the manner of Video Google [28]. We make the following three contributions: (i) a new method to compare SIFT descriptors (RootSIFT) which yields superior performance without increasing processing or storage requirements; (ii) a novel method for query expansion where a richer model for the query is learnt discriminatively in a form suited to immediate retrieval through efficient use of the inverted index; (iii) an improvement of the image augmentation method proposed by Turcot and Lowe [29], where only the augmenting features which are spatially consistent with the augmented image are kept. We evaluate these three methods over a number of standard benchmark datasets (Oxford Buildings 5k and 105k, and Paris 6k) and demonstrate substantial improvements in retrieval performance whilst maintaining immediate retrieval speeds. Combining these complementary methods achieves a new state-of-the-art performance on these datasets.
血球凝集素上的醣基調控 H6N1 禽流感病毒感染 (2013)

In this study, a monoclonal antibody bank (mAb bank) against A/chicken/Taiwan/2838V/00 (2838V) virus was established by either the viron or synthetic peptides as the antigen. Several mAb against the major virion proteins of 2838V have been screened including a high specific hemagglutinin 1 subunit mAb (EB2) recognizing H6 subtype AIV. This mAb was used to trace the HA1 variation by infecting cells, and to investigate the glycan interaction in HA1. HACS is critical to viral pathogenicity. Low pathogenic AIV contains an HA cleavage site (HACS) having only one arginine or lysine which could be cleaved by trypsin. In addition, many cleavage sites excluding HACS are located in HA1. How the other cleavage sites resist trypsin digestion is our great interest. In the present study, our observations indicated that the glycosylation at N167 of the 2838V HA1 could protect R201 site from tryptic cleavage. The 2838V HA1 became sensitive to tryptic cleavage while the N167 glycans were removed. The infectivity of 2838V was also decreased upon pre-treated it with PNGase-F and trypsin in vitro and in vivo assay. Our observations suggest that the inaccessibility of the R201 residue of HA1 for tryptic cleavage, which is sterically hindered by glycosylation at N167, is an important factor in determining the infectivity of the 2838V AIV. Furthermore, we found that the EB2 mAb recognizes a linear HA epitope at the globular head near the receptor binding site of the 2838V. Flow cytometry of AIV-infected cells and embryonated eggs assay suggested that the neutralizing activity of this mAb for H6 AIVs. The mice injection with the EB2-defined epitope peptide showed similarly neutralizing activity to EB2 mAb. This epitope might be useful for clinical applications and as a tool for further study of the structure and function of the AIV HA protein, even subunit vaccine development.
Leaky Vessels, Fibrin Deposition, and Fibrosis: A Sequence of Events Common to Solid Tumors and to Many Other Types of Disease (1989)

Solid tumors must induce new blood vessels if they are to grow beyond minimal size. As an initial step in this process, tumors secrete a vascular permeability factor that renders the local microvasculature hyperpermeable to fibrinogen and to other plasma proteins. Extravasated fibrinogen is rapidly clotted to crosslinked fibrin gel. Over time, this gel is invaded by macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells and undergoes "organization," such that it is replaced by vascularized granulation tissue and finally by mature connective tissue. This sequence of events is not unique to tumors but occurs in wound-healing and in a wide variety of other disease processes, including some that prominently affect the lung.
Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion (2001)

We used positron emission tomography to study neural mechanisms underlying intensely pleasant emotional responses to music. Cerebral blood flow changes were measured in response to subject-selected music that elicited the highly pleasurable experience of "shivers-down-the-spine" or "chills." Subjective reports of chills were accompanied by changes in heart rate, electromyogram, and respiration. As intensity of these chills increased, cerebral blood flow increases and decreases were observed in brain regions thought to be involved in reward/motivation, emotion, and arousal, including ventral striatum, midbrain, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and ventral medial prefrontal cortex. These brain structures are known to be active in response to other euphoria-inducing stimuli, such as food, sex, and drugs of abuse. This finding links music with biologically relevant, survival-related stimuli via their common recruitment of brain circuitry involved in pleasure and reward.
A New Architecture For Multiple-Precision Floating-Point Multiply-Add Fused Unit Design (2007)

The floating-point multiply-add fused (MAF) unit sets a new trend in the processor design to speed up floatingpoint performance in scientific and multimedia applications. This paper proposes a new architecture for the MAF unit that supports multiple IEEE precisions multiply-add operation (AtimesB+C) with Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) feature. The proposed MAF unit can perform either one double-precision or two parallel single-precision operations using about 18% more hardware than a conventional double-precision MAF unit and with 9% increase in delay. To accommodate the simultaneous computation of two single-precision MAF operations, several basic modules of double-precision MAF unit are redesigned. They are either segmented by precision mode dependent multiplexers or attached by the duplicated hardware. The proposed MAF unit can be fully pipelined and the experimental results show that it is suitable for processors with floatingpoint unit (FPU).
Intermolecular interactions in nuclear magnetic resonance. XI. The 13C and proton medium shifts of CH4 in the gas phase and in solution (1977)

The 1 H and 13 C resonances of methane have been measured at 298 K, both as pure CH 4 in the gas phase as function of the density as well as at low concentration in solution, using polar, non polar, isotropic, as well as magnetically anisotropic solvents. It is found that both the gas and the solution proton shift data can be readily understood in terms of the Van der Waals shielding σ w and the mean-square field due to the dispersive interactions: [Formula: see text]. Either a macroscopic reaction field model or a binary collision statistical mechanical model for [Formula: see text] can be used with an approximately equal degree of success. Whereas the 13 C gas phase shifts of CH 4 are also proportional to the density, the 13 C gas-to-solution shifts indicate that, apart from σ w , there exists even in non-polar isotropic solvents another effect which is not proportional to [Formula: see text]. The present study also includes a new proposal regarding [Formula: see text], a discussion of anisotropy shielding σ a in magnetically anisotropic solvents and a discussion of the effective B parameters ( 1 H and 13 C) of CH 4 in the gas and the solution state.