gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrokinetic supercharging preconcentration and microchip gel electrophoretic separation of sodium dodecyl sulfate‐protein complexes (2003)

A microchip gel electrophoresis (MCGE) method with electrokinetic supercharging (EKS, electrokinetic injection with transient isotachophoresis) on a single channel chip was developed for high-sensitive detection of a standard mixture of six proteins (phosphorylase b, albumin, ovalbumin, carbonic anhydrase, trypsin inhibitor, and alpha-lactalbumin) in the form of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) complexes. An average lower limit of detectable concentration (LLDC) achieved using UV detection at 214 nm was 0.27 microg/mL that is 30 times lower than that of conventional MCGE on a cross geometry chip. The calibration curves for molecular weight and concentration of SDS-protein complexes suggested that the present EKS-MCGE method had a better linear dynamic range and benefited future applications for qualitative and quantitative analysis of unknown protein samples. It was found that an excessive amount of unbound SDS in the sample deteriorated the preconcentration effect and resolution. The developed method appears greatly promising for high-speed and high sensitive analysis of SDS-proteins by MCGE.
Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization in the Presence of Metallic Copper. Activation of Alkyl Halides by Cu0 (2013)

The rate coefficients for activation (ka0app) of two alkyl halides, methyl 2-bromopropionate, MBrP, and Br-capped poly(methyl acrylate), by Cu0 were determined under various conditions. The value of ka0app was studied in two solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (MeCN), and their mixtures with methyl acrylate (MA), using tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6TREN) and tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) as ligands. The experiments showed that the rate of activation increased with the surface area of Cu0 but was typically not affected by the ratio of ligand to initiator, if a sufficient amount of ligand was present. The choice of solvent and presence of monomer/polymer had a small influence on ka0app. The activation rate coefficient of MBrP was ka0app= 1.8 × 10–4 cm s–1 with Me6TREN as the ligand in DMSO at 25 °C while the activation rate coefficient of Br-capped poly(methyl acrylate) by Cu0 was slightly lower, ka0app = 1.0 × 10–4 cm s–1, as measured in a polymerization of MA in MA/DMSO = 1/1 (v/v) with Me6TREN. On the basis of the measured rate coefficients, the activation rate of MBrP by 1 mM CuIBr/Me6TREN (ka1app = 3.2 × 102 M–1 s–1) is similar to the activation rate by 2 km Cu0 wire with diameter of 0.25 mm in 7 mL of DMSO. Thus, under typical conditions, conducted in the presence of ca. 1 cm Cu0 wire, alkyl halides are predominantly activated by CuI species. Consequently, Cu0 acts as a supplemental activator and also as a reducing agent (SARA) because comproportionation dominates disproportionation, for the polymerization of MA in DMSO. These results support the SARA ATRP mechanism rather than the proposed single electron transfer–living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) process, which requires exclusive activation by Cu0 and instantaneous disproportionation of CuI.
Phenylmethylpolysilanes: formable silane copolymers with potential semiconducting properties (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhenylmethylpolysilanes: formable silane copolymers with potential semiconducting propertiesRobert West, Lawrence D. David, Peter I. Djurovich, Kimberly L. Stearley, K. S. V. Srinivasan, and Hyuk YuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 24, 7352–7354Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00414a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00414a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views598Altmetric-Citations251LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neural computations underlying action-based decision making in the human brain (2009)

Action-based decision making involves choices between different physical actions to obtain rewards. To make such decisions the brain needs to assign a value to each action and then compare them to make a choice. Using fMRI in human subjects, we found evidence for action-value signals in supplementary motor cortex. Separate brain regions, most prominently ventromedial prefrontal cortex, were involved in encoding the expected value of the action that was ultimately taken. These findings differentiate two main forms of value signals in the human brain: those relating to the value of each available action, likely reflecting signals that are a precursor of choice, and those corresponding to the expected value of the action that is subsequently chosen, and therefore reflecting the consequence of the decision process. Furthermore, we also found signals in the dorsomedial frontal cortex that resemble the output of a decision comparator, which implicates this region in the computation of the decision itself.
Plant hormone response mutants (1990)

A variety of plant hormone response mutants has now been described, and is surveyed in this article. In addition to hormone‐insensitive mutant phenotypes with defects in hormone‐related features, there exist mutants apparently constitutive for the gibberellin responses, and also a mutant hyper‐responsive to gibberellin. Although there is still little biochemical evidence on the nature of these mutants, the emerging picture of their genetic dominance relationships has given rise to tentative suggestions of the involvement of represser functions in hormonal control systems.
Comparison of 3 Periodontal Local Antibiotic Therapies in Persistent Periodontal Pockets (1996)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3 commercially available periodontal systems for local delivery of antibiotics as adjuncts to scaling and root planing in treatment of sites with persistent periodontal lesions following a course of scaling and root planing. Fifty-four patients with 4 pockets > or = 5 mm and bleeding on probing and/or suppuration were randomized in 4 treatment groups including: scaling and root planing plus application of 25% tetracycline fiber (S + Tet) (13 patients), scaling and root planing plus application of 2% minocycline gel (S + Min) (14 patients), scaling and root planing plus application of 25% metronidazole gel (S + Met) (14 patients), and scaling and root planing alone (S) (13 patients). Clinical measurements were taken at baseline and 6 weeks after the end of treatment periods. All treatments were applied using the distributors' recommended protocols and resulted in significant improvement in probing depth, attachment level, bleeding on probing and the modified gingival index (MGI) scores. The improvements in clinical parameters were greater in all three adjunctive treatment groups than scaling and root planing alone. The mean probing depth reductions were: S + Tet = 1.35 mm, S + Met = 0.95 mm, S + Min = 0.87 mm and S = 0.60 mm. The probing depth reduction was significantly greater in the scaling plus tetracycline fiber group than the scaling and root planing alone group (P = 0.002). The difference between groups in improvement of attachment level or bleeding on probing was not significant Scaling plus tetracycline fiber treatment resulted in the greatest reduction in the MGI scores which was significantly greater than all other groups. While the frequency of sites with suppuration was markedly reduced following all treatments, it reached zero in the scaling plus tetracycline fiber group. No serious adverse effects were observed or reported for any treatment. While all three locally applied antimicrobial systems seem to offer some benefit over scaling and root planing alone, a treatment regimen of scaling and root planing plus tetracycline fiber replacement gave the greatest advantage in the treatment of persistent periodontal lesions at least during the 6-week period following treatment.
Responses in the brain of estrogen receptor α-disrupted mice (1997)

These studies sought to determine if neurons in the estrogen receptor-alpha knockout (ERalphaKO) mouse brain concentrated 16alpha-[125I]iodo-11beta-methoxy-17beta-estradiol (125I-estrogen), and if so, whether estrogen binding augmented the expression of progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA. Mice were injected with 125I-estrogen and cryostat sections thaw mounted onto emulsion-coated slides. After 30-90 days of exposure, cells with a nuclear uptake and retention of 125I-estrogen were observed in a number of ERalphaKO mouse brain regions including the preoptic nucleus and arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and amygdala, although the number of labeled cells and intensity of nuclear concentration was markedly attenuated when compared with wild-type littermates. Competition studies with excess 17beta-estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, or moxestrol, but not with R5020 or dihydrotestosterone, prevented the nuclear concentration of 125I-estrogen. To determine if the low level of estrogen binding was capable of regulating gene expression, in situ hybridization was used to evaluate PR mRNA in the brain. ERalphaKO and wild-type mice were ovariectomized and treated with vehicle or 17beta-estradiol, and brains were sectioned and hybridized with a PR cRNA probe. Analysis of hybridization signal revealed a similar, low level of PR mRNA in ovariectomized wild-type and homozygous mice, and a marked increase in expression after treatment of ovariectomized animals with 17beta-estradiol, with the level of hybridization signal being significantly higher in wild-type animals when compared with ERalphaKO mice. The results demonstrate that estrogen binds in the ERalphaKO brain and is capable of modulating PR gene expression, thus supporting the presence and functionality of a nonclassical estrogen receptor.
<title>Multicolor holography: a comparative study</title> (2000)

A multicolor holography study case will be presented with emphasis on color control in different silver-halide materials. It has been systematized in order to compare the results obtained with Agfa 8E 75HD to those with Slavich PFG-01. Some experiments were made and the emulsion was manipulated before exposure to achieve high quality multicolored white light reflection holograms. This work has therefore been developed in order to obtain the various colors in a very well controlled way.
Linguistic Considerations in the Study of Speech Intelligibility (1959)

Intelligibility is defined as a property of speech communication involving meaning. Since only meaningful units have normal linguistic distributional properties, only meaningful units have the phonetic properties of actual speech. An auditory intelligibility dialect ratio is defined for a listener relative to a specified message. An analysis is presented of the Harvard PB lists, and a set of 10 lists of 50 monosyllables each is presented having an almost exact first-order phonemic balancing.
Purification and characterisation of recombinant murine interleukin-5 glycoprotein, from a Baculovirus expression system (1993)

Conference Article| November 01 1993 Purification and characterisation of recombinant murine interleukin-5 glycoprotein, from a Baculovirus expression system DIANE L. MITCHELL; DIANE L. MITCHELL 1Department of Biotechnology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Yew Tree Bottom Rd., Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MOIRA A. YOUNG; MOIRA A. YOUNG 1Department of Biotechnology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Yew Tree Bottom Rd., Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CLAIRE ENTWISLE; CLAIRE ENTWISLE 1Department of Biotechnology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Yew Tree Bottom Rd., Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ANNETTE N. DAVIES; ANNETTE N. DAVIES 1Department of Biotechnology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Yew Tree Bottom Rd., Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar RICHARD M. COOK; RICHARD M. COOK 1Department of Biotechnology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Yew Tree Bottom Rd., Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar IAN DODD IAN DODD 1Department of Biotechnology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Yew Tree Bottom Rd., Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1993) 21 (4): 332S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst021332s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation DIANE L. MITCHELL, MOIRA A. YOUNG, CLAIRE ENTWISLE, ANNETTE N. DAVIES, RICHARD M. COOK, IAN DODD; Purification and characterisation of recombinant murine interleukin-5 glycoprotein, from a Baculovirus expression system. Biochem Soc Trans 1 November 1993; 21 (4): 332S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst021332s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1993 Biochemical Society1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
ANALYSIS OF THE CD40 AND CD28 PATHWAYS ON ALLOIMMUNE RESPONSES BY CD4+ T CELLS IN VIVO1 (2001)

The CD40/CD40L pathway, but not the CD28/B7 pathway, is critical for CD4-mediated rejection responses, however, the responsible mechanisms remain unclear.
Mutations of arginine residues within the 146-KKRRK-150 motif of the ActA protein of Listeria monocytogenes abolish intracellular motility by interfering with the recruitment of the Arp2/3 complex (2000)

The recruitment of actin to the surface of intracellular Listeria monocytogenes and subsequent tail formation is dependent on the expression of the bacterial surface protein ActA. Of the different functional domains of ActA identified thus far, the N-terminal region is absolutely required for actin filament recruitment and intracellular motility. Mutational analysis of this domain which abolished actin recruitment by intracellular Listeria monocytogenes identified two arginine residues within the 146-KKRRK-150 motif that are essential for its activity. More specifically, recruitment of the Arp2/3 complex to the bacterial surface, as assessed by immunofluorescence staining with antibodies raised against the p21-Arc protein, was not obtained in these mutants. Consistently, treatment of infected cells with latrunculin B, which abrogated actin filament formation, did not affect association of ActA with p21-Arc at the bacterial surface. Thus, the initial recruitment of the Arp2/3 complex to the bacterial surface is independent of, and precedes, actin polymerisation. Our data suggest that binding of the Arp2/3 complex is mediated by specific interactions dependent on arginine residues within the 146-KKRRK-150 motif present in ActA.
Inhibition of human breast carcinoma proliferation, migration, chemoinvasion and solid tumour growth by DNAzymes targeting the zinc finger transcription factor EGR-1 (2004)

DNAzymes (synthetic catalytic DNA) have emerged as a new class of nucleic acid-based gene silencing agent. Using DNAzymes targeting the human mRNA of the immediate-early gene and C2H2-class zinc finger transcription factor early growth response-1 (EGR-1), we demonstrate here that EGR-1 plays an indispensable role in breast cancer proliferation, migration, chemoinvasion and xenograft growth in nude mice. DNAzyme inhibition of these tumorigenic processes and EGR-1 protein expression in breast carcinoma cells is sequence-specific and EGR-1 transcription-independent. These agents inhibit breast carcinoma cell migration and chemoinvasion in microchemotaxis chambers and solid tumour growth in athymic nude mice. Thus, DNAzymes targeting specific genes can inhibit multiple key tumorigenic processes in vitro and in vivo and may serve as useful anti-cancer agents.
Muscles Made from Metal (2003)

The conversion of electrical energy into mechanical work plays an important role in robotics. In his Perspective,
 Baughman
 discusses new materials that may be used as actuators. He highlights the report of
 Weissmueller
 et al., who show how nanostructured platinum might eventually be used as electrochemical actuators that deliver similar actuator strokes as commercial materials, but at much lower voltages. These and other new actuator materials, based for example on carbon nanotubes, may find applications under conditions where traditional materials cannot operate, such as high temperatures or low voltages.
Relation of tumor content of estrogen and progesteron receptors with response of patient to endocrine therapy (1980)

The levels of estrogen (E2R) and progesterone (PgR) receptors in 165 breast tumor biopsies have been determined. Seventy-seven percent of the specimens contained significant levels of E2R; 38.2% were positive for both receptors. Only four tumors displayed the unusual E2R=/PgR+ pattern. Tumors from pre- and postmenopausal patients had similar receptor characteristics. Two-thirds of the six patients with E2R+PgR+ tumors responded to hormonal therapy, whereas only 28.7% of the E2R+/PgR- tumors regressed after similar treatment. These data from a limited number of patients indicate that the presence of E2R and PgR in breast tumor biopsies is of higher prognostic value for response of the patient than in the presence of E2R alone.
Photoactivatable glycopeptide reagents for site-specific labeling of lectins. (1982)

Photoactivatable, iodinated glycopeptides bearing oligosaccharides of defined structure have been synthesized for use as lectin binding site-specific agents. Two such glycopeptides have been examined utilizing concanavalin A, RCAI (Ricinus communis agglutinin), RCAII (R. communis toxin), and the Gal/GalNAc-specific lectin from human and rat hepatocytes. Covalent incorporation upon photoactivation only occurs with a glycopeptide which is specifically bound by the lectin and is inhibited only by appropriate haptenic monosaccharides. The efficiency of covalent coupling is on the order of 2%. Half-maximal covalent incorporation occurs at a concentration of photoactivatable glycopeptide which corresponds to the previously determined association constant for lectin binding in each case. Covalent incorporation of glycopeptide is accompanied by a decrease in the relative mobility of the lectin upon sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis equivalent to that expected for addition of an oligosaccharide moiety. The high degree of specificity and the relatively high affinity of these photoactivatable glycopeptides makes them promising agents for the examination of lectins such as the Gal/GalNAc-specific receptor present on mammalian hepatocytes.
The putative tumor suppressor BIN1 is a short-lived nuclear phosphoprotein, the localization of which is altered in malignant cells. (1997)

BIN1 is a putative tumor suppressor that was identified in a genetic screen for polypeptides that interact with the MYC oncoprotein. Using a set of six monoclonal antibodies, we identified and examined biochemical features and localization of cellular BIN1. Epitope mapping indicated that a putative nuclear localization motif and the MYC-binding domain were among the regions recognized by five antibodies. In immunoprecipitation and Western analyses, cellular BIN1 was identified in human and rodent cells as a monomeric phosphoprotein of M(r) approximately 70,000. Pulse-chase experiments showed that BIN1 was short-lived, with a half-life of approximately 2 h. Cell immunofluorescence experiments revealed overlapping but unique nuclear localization patterns distinguished by two different antibodies. In normal cells, BIN1 was predominantly nucleoplasmic but was also present in a subnuclear compartment. Conversely, in a panel of tumor cells that expressed BIN1, the predominant localization was the subnuclear compartment. Taken together, the results suggested that the antibodies recognized different isoforms or conformations of BIN1, the localization of which varied between normal and tumor cells. This study will facilitate further analysis of the structure and regulation of BIN1 in normal and malignant cells.
Gallium(III)‐Catalyzed Three‐Component (4+3) Cycloaddition Reactions (2012)

Direct approach to indoles: The title reaction generates cyclohepta[b]indole derivatives in a single step at room temperature (see scheme). Exclusion of air or moisture is not required. DFT calculations support a stepwise cyclization event, and the versatility of the method is demonstrated by providing quick access to a library of cyclohepta[b]indole analogues. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
In vitroInhibition of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase by Prenylflavonoids fromSophora flavescens (2004)

Four prenylflavonoids, kurarinone ( 1), a chalcone of 1, kuraridin ( 2), kurarinol ( 3), kushenol H ( 4) and kushenol K ( 5) isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens were investigated for their inhibitory effects on diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT). The flavonoids inhibited DGAT activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 10.9 microM ( 1), 9.8 microM ( 2), 8.6 microM ( 3), 142.0 microM ( 4) and 250 microM ( 5). The prenylflavonoids without C3-OH ( 1, 2, 3) showed stronger inhibition than those with C3-OH ( 4, 5). On the other hand, flavonoids without side chains (hesperetin, naringenin, quercetin and kaempferol) did not inhibit the enzyme activity at a final concentration of 800 microM. These data suggest that the lavandulyl side chain and the position of the hydroxy group are important for high DGAT inhibitory activity. Compound 1 also inhibited de novo synthesis of triacylglycerol (TG) in Raji cells.