gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser for intraoral soft tissue surgery (1991)

Application of a neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was compared to conventional scalpel in dental soft tissue surgery. Two surgery sites on 29 patients were randomly selected and treated. An additional 41 patients were exclusively treated with the Nd:YAG laser. The surgical technique was then evaluated for periodontal pocket depths, degree of pain perceived, bleeding, inflammation, procedure time, and anesthesia. Surgical prognosis was made at the time of surgery and compared to actual healing 1 week and 1 month after surgery. No differences were observed between laser and scalpel surgery in terms of pocket depth reduction, postoperative pain, post-operative inflammation, and treatment time. However, operative and postoperative bleeding with laser surgery were significantly less than with conventional surgery. Anesthesia is required for scalpel surgery, the majority of laser-treated sites evoked minimal pain without anesthesia. These results indicate that the Nd:YAG laser can be used successfully for intraoral soft tissue applications are well tolerated without anesthesia and minimal bleeding compared to scalpel surgery.
Fluorimetric method for the determination of phenylalanine in serum (1962)

Abstract The fluorimetric determination of phenylalanine is based on the enhancement of the fluorescence of a phenylalanine-ninhydrin reaction product by a peptide, leucylalaninc. The method allows phenylalanine to be measured quantitatively in the presence or absence of other amino acids at a final concentration of 10 −7 M. Under the conditions described only 5 μL of normal serum is required for analysis. The method has been applied to the determination of phenylalanine serum levels in adult, pediatric, and phenylketonuric patients. The values found are in good agreement with those reported in the literature using other methods.
Preparation of Ketones from Nitriles and Phosphoranes (2005)

The preparation of a ketone from a phosphorane and a nitrile is described. The workup conditions are mild, and the yields are high. The unreacted starting materials can easily be recovered.
A Chromium Terephthalate-Based Solid with Unusually Large Pore Volumes and Surface Area (2005)

We combined targeted chemistry and computational design to create a crystal structure for porous chromium terephthalate, MIL-101, with very large pore sizes and surface area. Its zeotype cubic structure has a giant cell volume (approximately 702,000 cubic angstroms), a hierarchy of extra-large pore sizes (approximately 30 to 34 angstroms), and a Langmuir surface area for N2 of approximately 5900 +/- 300 square meters per gram. Beside the usual properties of porous compounds, this solid has potential as a nanomold for monodisperse nanomaterials, as illustrated here by the incorporation of Keggin polyanions within the cages.
MUTATIONS AFFECTING SEXUAL CONJUGATION AND RELATED PROCESSES IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. II. GENETIC ANALYSIS OF NONMATING MUTANTS (1974)

Rare diploids formed by sterile mutants have been studied by tetrad analysis. Sixteen classes of mutants representing at least five distinct genetic loci have been defined. One group of mutations, isolated only in alpha, maps at the mating-type locus, while none of the others shows any linkage to mating type. Some of the mutations are nonspecific for mating type, while others act only on a or alpha. In addition, mutations were found that prevent sporulation when heterozygous in diploids. These appear to be mutations of the mating-type alleles.
Noise Figures of Radio Receivers (1944)

A rigorous definition of the noise figure of radio receivers is given in this paper. The definition is not limited to high-gain receivers, but can be applied to four-terminal networks in general. An analysis is made of the relationship between the noise figure of the receiver as a whole and the noise figures of its components. Mismatch relations between the components of the receiver and methods of measurements of noise figures are discussed briefly.
Manipulations of Leg Mass and Moment of Inertia: Effects on Energy Cost of Walking (2005)

Independent alterations in limb mass and moment of inertia about the hip joint influence energy cost similarly.
Placental RNA in Maternal Plasma (2006)

The recent demonstration of the presence of placenta-derived fetal RNA in maternal plasma has opened up new opportunities for noninvasive prenatal investigation. Circulating fetal RNA analysis could in principle be applied to all pregnancies without the limitations by fetal gender or polymorphisms between the mother and fetus. The use of fetus- or disease-specific circulating RNA markers would greatly increase the number of markers that can be used for prenatal monitoring. With the recent advances in microarray technology, new placenta-derived plasma RNA markers could be rapidly identified. These newly identified placental transcripts were robustly detectable in maternal plasma and were pregnancy-specific. Remarkably, the relative concentrations of the placental mRNA in maternal plasma directly reflect the gene expression patterns in the placenta, an observation which suggests that placental gene expression level plays a predominant role in determining the placental mRNA concentrations in maternal plasma. Thus, fetal mRNA measurement in maternal plasma may be a useful tool for noninvasive prenatal placental gene expressing profiling.
2-Thioether 5‘-O-(1-Thiotriphosphate)adenosine Derivatives as New Insulin Secretagogues Acting through P2Y-Receptors (1999)

P2-Receptors (P2-Rs) represent significant targets for novel drug development. P2-Rs were identified also on pancreatic B cells and are involved in insulin secretion. Therefore, novel P2Y-R ligands, 2-thioether 5'-O-phosphorothioate adenosine derivatives (2-RS-ATP-alpha-S), were synthesized as potential insulin secretagogues. An efficient synthesis of these nucleotides and a facile method for separation of the chiral products are described. The enzymatic stability of the compounds toward pig pancreas type I ATPDase was evaluated. The rate of hydrolysis of 2-hexylthio-5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate)adenosine (2-hexylthio-ATP-alpha-S) isomers by ATPDase was 28% of that of ATP. Some 2-thioether 5'-(monophosphorothioate)adenosine derivatives (2-RS-AMP-S) exerted an inhibitory effect on ATPDase. The apparent affinity of the compounds to P2Y(1)-R was determined by measurement of P2Y-R-promoted phospholipase C activity in turkey erythrocyte membranes. 2-RS-ATP-alpha-S derivatives were agonists, stimulating the production of inositol phosphates with K(0.5) values in the nanomolar range. 2-RS-AMP-S derivatives were full agonists, although 2 orders of magnitude less potent. All the compounds were more potent than ATP. The effect on insulin secretion and pancreatic flow rate was evaluated on isolated and perfused rat pancreas. A high increase, up to 500%, in glucose-induced insulin secretion was due to addition of 2-hexylthio-ATP-alpha-S in the nanomolar concentration range, which represents 100-fold enhancement of activity relative to ATP. 2-Hexylthio-AMP-S was 2.5 orders of magnitude less effective.
Candida albicans HSP 90: link between protective and auto immunity (1992)

Heat shock proteins (HSP) are thought to play a role in the aetiology of autoimmune diseases, but are also common targets for the immune response to many infections. Patients recovering from systemic candidosis produce antibodies to Candida albicans HSP 90, both to species-specific epitopes and, more commonly, to epitopes shared with human HSP 90. One such autoreactive antibody was protective in a mouse model of systemic candidosis.
Purification, characterization and induction of L‐phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase in Phaseolus vulgaris (1988)

The enzyme L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was purified from leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration and Sepharose-4-B--succinyl-aminoethyl-L-phenylalanine affinity chromatography. L-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was specifically eluted from the affinity matrix with its substrate L-phenylalanine at 20-25 degrees C. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous by gel electrophoresis both in presence and absence of SDS. Its Mr, determined by gel filtration and non-denaturing gel electrophoresis, was 320,000 +/- 9000 and 330,000 +/- 4000 respectively. After SDS electrophoresis only one band of Mr 83,000 +/- 4000 was detected, indicating that the enzyme is an oligomer containing four subunits. The pH optimum of enzyme activity was 8.8-9.2. Ampholyte isoelectrofocusing in polyacrylamide demonstrated the presence of a single charged species at pH 4.2. The homogeneous enzyme catalyzed the deamination of L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamate but did not catalyze the transamination of L-phenylalanine to L-phenylpyruvate. The enzyme showed Km 1.25 mM for L-phenylalanine. Antibodies to homogeneous L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase recognised specific epitopes on L-phenylalanine aminotransferase as demonstrated by immunoaffinity purification and immunoblotting. The induction of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity during phaseollin biosynthesis in the Phaseolus vulgaris--Colletotrichum lindemuthianum interaction was regulated by an increase in enzyme concentration resulting from an increase in de novo synthesis of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase protein.
Sequential Degradation of Heparin in Flavobacterium heparinum (1973)

Abstract Five enzymes from Flavobacterium heparinum, capable of degrading heparin to its basic constituents, have been purified and characterized. The purified heparinase degrades heparin to trisulfated disaccharide with a yield of 70 to 80%. The trisulfated disaccharide is desulfated by a disaccharide sulfoesterase yielding the disulfated disaccharide. This product is then a substrate for the glycuronidase forming glucosamine-2,6-disulfate and α,β-keto acid. Glucosamine-2,6-disulfate is desulfated by a sulfoesterase and a sulfamidase yielding free glucosamine and inorganic sulfate. The substrate specificity of these enzymes led to the formulation of a pathway for the sequential degradation of heparin. It was shown, by the action of these purified enzymes, that the trisulfated disaccharide is one of the fundamental structural units of heparin.
Bioelectrical impedance techniques in medicine. Part II: Monitoring of physiological events by impedance. (1996)

The measurement of a physiological event caused by a change in dimension, conductivity, or permittivity can be easily carried out by the impedance technique, requiring only the application of two or more electrodes, which are easy to apply. In some cases, the impedance is transformed into its resistive and reactive components, in others the total impedance is measured. In certain cases only a change in impedance, with or without separation into its components, contains enough information to be correlated to the physiological event. Recent measurements of physiological data by impedance techniques have reemphasized the value of the painless and harmless acquisition from human and animal subjects in such diverse domains as manned spacecraft, nutrition, and electrical impedance imaging. This part attempts to present all the numerous experiments performed on humans to estimate changes in volume, orientation, and distribution of fluids and tissues accompanying physiological activity. The main sections concern the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, the brain, the total body impedance, muscle and skin impedance, and bacteriometry.
Inhibition of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusby an in vitro continuous-flow culture containing human stool microflora (2004)

We used an in vitro continuous-flow culture model of human stool microflora to examine the ability of human stool microflora to inhibit growth of two methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. Continuous-flow cultures consistently eliminated MRSA inocula of 10(6) cfu/mL within 4 days, and addition of continuous-flow culture resulted in elimination of a pre-established MRSA culture ( approximately 10(8) cfu/mL) within 6-8 days. Anaerobic or "aerobic" (i.e., continuous bubbling of room air to eliminate obligate anaerobes) cultures eliminated MRSA at similar rates. The MRSA strains were unable to replicate under anaerobic conditions in sterile filtrates produced from the continuous-flow culture, but rapid growth occurred when glucose was added. These data demonstrate that indigenous stool microflora efficiently eliminate MRSA colonization and obligate anaerobes are not essential for inhibition. Our findings also suggest that inhibition of MRSA in continuous-flow cultures is due to depletion of nutrients rather than production of inhibitory conditions.
Decidual Stromal Cells Promote Regulatory T Cells and Suppress Alloreactivity in a Cell Contact-Dependent Manner (2013)

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a severe adverse event after stem cell transplantation. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) have been used to treat GvHD, but decidual stromal cells (DSCs) isolated from term fetal membrane have advantages compared with BM-MSCs, including increased allosuppression, unlimited supply, and high expression of integrins. We introduced the use of DSCs in patients with steroid refractory aGvHD. In this study, we investigated factors of importance in the reduction of alloreactivity by DSCs. We found that DSCs need to have cell-cell contact in order to mediate suppression in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs). This contact dependency is consistent with an increased frequency of CD4(+)CD25(high)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and an augmented intensity of CD25 expression in CD4(+) T cells. Blocking of the activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), prostaglandin E2, PD-L1, and IFN-γ impaired the antiproliferative ability of the DSCs in MLRs. Neutralization of IDO also reduced the frequency of Tregs. In contrast to BM-MSCs, pretreatment of DSCs with high concentrations of IFN-γ (100 U/mL) reduced their ability to suppress alloreactivity, but stimulation of DSCs with MLR supernatants containing low levels of IFN-γ had no effect on the suppressive capacity in MLR. To conclude, DSCs differ in several aspects from MSCs and need to be close to alloreactive lymphocytes to mediate a suppressive effect and increase the frequency of Tregs. Thus, DSCs may not only use paracrine factors for systemic immunosuppression, but also more specifically target T cells locally in affected tissues.
A new synthetic route to 4,6‐diarylpyridazinones and some of their derivatives (1988)

Abstract A novel approach to the titled ring system starting from conveniently available chalcones 1 is proposed. It involves a catalysed exchange of hydrogen cyanide between acetone cyanohydrin and 1 . The resulting γ‐ketonitriles 2 give the expected 4,6‐diarylpyridazinones 4 and 5 via hydrolysis and cyclisation by hydrazine. The action of phosphorus oxychloride on 5 followed by that of amines provides aminopyridazines 7 .
Scanning Camera and Augmented Reality Based Localization of Omnidirectional Robot for Indoor Application (2017)

The aim of this paper is to develop an absolute visual localization system of an Omni wheeled robot for indoor navigation. Omni wheeled based robots have omni directional drive capacity. Conventional localization technique like odometry is not suitable for such drives due to wheel slippage. An omni robot platform with 4 omni-directional wheels powered by dynamixel motor and a scanning platform has been developed. We have implemented a localization technique using camera as visual sensor and multiple markers based on 'ArToolKiT' an augmented reality application. Various camera related distortion were reduced using 2nd order surface fit of camera calibration data. To increase the accuracy of the system, fusion of results from multiple markers has been implemented. Performance of the proposed localization has been verified by studying different pattern based movement of the system in a test area of 5m X 5m. Novelty of this paper is in development of an omni wheeled robotic wheelchair and proposing a robust absolute visual based localization set up with single camera and multiple fused markers for indoor navigation.
Host-assisted zero-copy remote memory access communication on InfiniBand (2004)

Summary form only given. The remote memory access (RMA) is an increasingly important communication model due to its excellent potential for overlapping communication and computations and achieving high performance on modern networks with RDMA hardware such as Infiniband. RMA plays a vital role in supporting the emerging global address space programming models. We describe how RMA can be implemented efficiently over InfiniBand. The capabilities not offered directly by the Infiniband verb layer can be implemented efficiently using the novel host-assisted approach while achieving zero-copy communication and supporting an excellent overlap of computation with communication. For contiguous data we are able to achieve a small message latency of 6/spl mu/s and a peak bandwidth of 830 MB/s for 'put' and a small message latency of 12/spl mu/s and a peak bandwidth of 765 Megabytes for 'get'. These numbers are almost as good as the performance of the native VAPI layer. For the noncontiguous data, the host assisted approach can deliver bandwidth close to that for the contiguous data. We also demonstrate the superior tolerance of host-assisted data-transfer operations to CPU intensive tasks due to minimum host involvement in our approach as compared to the traditional host-based approach. Our implementation also supports a very high degree of overlap of computation and communication. 99% overlap for contiguous and up to 95% for noncontiguous in case of large message sizes were achieved. The NAS MG and matrix multiplication benchmarks were used to validate effectiveness of our approach, and demonstrated excellent overall performance.
Role of Nerve Growth Factor in Cutaneous Wound Healing: Accelerating Effects in Normal and Healing-impaired Diabetic Mice (1998)

Four full-thickness skin wounds made in normal mice led to the significant increase in levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in sera and in wounded skin tissues. Since sialoadenectomy before the wounds inhibited the rise in serum levels of NGF, the NGF may be released from the salivary gland into the blood stream after the wounds. In contrast, the fact that messenger RNA and protein of NGF were detected in newly formed epithelial cells at the edge of the wound and fibroblasts consistent with the granulation tissue produced in the wound space, suggests that NGF was also produced at the wounded skin site. Topical application of NGF into the wounds accelerated the rate of wound healing in normal mice and in healing-impaired diabetic KK/Ta mice. This clinical effect of NGF was evaluated by histological examination; the increases in the degree of reepithelialization, the thickness of the granulation tissue, and the density of extracellular matrix were observed. NGF also increased the breaking strength of healing linear wounds in normal and diabetic mice. These findings suggested that NGF immediately and constitutively released in response to cutaneous injury may contribute to wound healing through broader biological activities, and NGF improved the diabetic impaired response of wound healing.
Demonstration of Inhibitory Effect of Oral Shark Cartilage on Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis in the Rabbit Cornea. (2001)

Several angiogenic inhibitors have been obtained from shark cartilage, some of these are currently in clinical trials for assessment of safety and therapeutic efficacy in humans. Still, shark cartilage taken orally is commonly used in alternative and complimentary medicine for various ailments including serious diseases such as cancer. However, only few studies of oral shark cartilage have demonstrated pharmacological effects in experimental animals or patients, to indicate safe doses with sufficient bioavailability. In the present study we demonstrated the antiangiogenic properties of oral shark cartilage in the rabbit cornea model. Slow-release, polymethylmetacrylate pellets containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were surgically implanted in the rabbit cornea to stimulate neovascularization scored by stereo microscopy. Powdered shark cartilage (PSC; commercial product) was tested orally along with a water-soluble fraction (WSF) of this cartilage product which was tested by local application. Animals were treated with oral dosages of 100 mg/kg PSC or 200 mg/kg thalidomide as positive control. Pellets containing WSF (50, 100 or 200 microg/pellet) or bFGF-inhibitor pentosan polysulfate were implanted adjacent to the bFGF pellet. Oral shark cartilage inhibited bFGF-induced angiogenesis, as did oral thalidomide, in this in vivo model. WSF and pentosan polysulfate was shown to block neovascularization in the cornea when applied locally. This study demonstrates that in the rabbit, oral shark cartilage appears to produce systemic levels of angiogenesis inhibitors that can exert their effect at the cornea.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Angiogenesis-Related Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas With Multiple Metastatic Lymph Nodes (2003)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathologic features and the expression of angiogenesis-related markers in primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes of oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) with multiple lymph node involvement in comparison with oral SCCs without nodal metastasis. The protein levels of the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin, as well as those of the related molecules collagen XVIII, collagen-binding protein (CBP) 2/heat shock protein (HSP) 47, and cathepsin L, were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. Compared with nonmetastatic cases, primary tumors of the metastatic group exhibited significantly decreased protein levels of endostatin and its precursor collagen XVIII. Comparison between primary tumors and positive nodes of the metastatic cases revealed decreased expression of collagen XVIII and CBP2/HSP47 in metastases. Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis; accordingly, the observed differences in the immunohistochemical expression of angiogenesis-related proteins in oral SCC with multiple lymph node involvement may provide an explanation for the increased metastatic potential of these tumors.
The Ly-49 and NKR-P1 Gene Families Encoding Lectin-Like Receptors on Natural Killer Cells: The NK Gene Complex (1993)

Natural killer cells lyse tumor and virally infected cells in a specific manner that has not been molecularly characterized. Target cell expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules is correlated with target cell resistance to natural killing. A mechanism to explain this observation is that NK cells may display two types of recognition and activation molecules that have opposing functions when bound to target cell ligands. One type of surface receptor such as the NKR-P1 molecule may activate NK activity whereas the other, represented by the mouse Ly-49 molecule, may engage target cell MHC molecules and inhibit cytotoxicity by transducing "negative" signals. NKR-P1 and Ly-49 are structurally related, and they are encoded by genetically linked loci in a chromosomal region, termed the NK gene complex (NKC), on distal mouse chromosome 6. Target cell susceptibility to natural killing may be dependent upon specific ligand-receptor interaction with these activating or inhibitory NKC-encoded molecules.
Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation and the Risk of Stroke (2012)

Subclinical atrial tachyarrhythmias, without clinical atrial fibrillation, occurred frequently in patients with pacemakers and were associated with a significantly increased risk of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism. (Funded by St. Jude Medical; ASSERT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00256152.).