gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defining thenon-vulnerable and vulnerable patients with computed tomography coronary angiography: evaluation of atherosclerotic plaque burden and composition (2016)

The shift from coronary plaque stability to plaque instability remains poorly understood despite enormous efforts and expenditures have been assigned to the study of the subject. On the other hand, there have been serious advances in imaging helping us to characterizenon-vulnerable patients The latter has much more value in the clinical decision-making process since it provides high certainty that the patient's probability of a future acute event is low and treatment decisions should be made accordingly. Although coronary plaque rupture is still recognized as the main source of acute thrombotic events, numerous studies have shown that the prediction of events on an individual basis is far more complex and demands a more open approach aimed at characterizing patient risk rather than assessing the risk of thrombosis of a single plaque. Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) has the ability to evaluate non-invasively the extent, burden, severity, and characteristics of coronary artery disease (CAD) and has a close relationship to intravascular ultrasound. On the basis of an excellent negative predictive value with an annualized event rate of ∼0.20% assessed over more than 6000 patients, thus providing a 5-year warranty period, CTCA has been identified as the finest non-invasive tool to exclude CAD. This means that CTCA is able to reliably characterize the non-vulnerable patient. Conversely, in the past few years, several studies have attempted to establish CTCA-derived predictors of acute coronary syndromes, both from a lesion level and a patient level basis with very low positive predictive value, thus questioning the vulnerable patient/plaque concept.
Studies on the biological activity of tocotrienols. (1989)

Tocotrienols were evaluated for activity against transplantable murine tumors inoculated i.p. into mouse, and the activities of two tocotrienols and alpha-tocopherols were compared. When the compounds were injected i.p., alpha- and gamma-tocotrienols were effective against sarcoma 180, Ehrlich carcinoma, and IMC carcinoma, and gamma-tocotrienol showed a slight life-prolonging effect in mice with Meth A fibrosarcoma, but the tocotrienols had no antitumor activity against P388 leukemia at doses of 5-40 mg/kg/d. On the other hand alpha-tocopherol had only a slight effect against sarcoma 180 and IMC carcinoma. The antitumor activity of gamma-tocotrienol was higher than that of alpha-tocotrienol. Tocotrienols showed growth inhibition of human and mouse tumor cells when the cells were exposed to these agents for 72 h in vitro, whereas tocopherol did not show any marked cytotoxic activity. Alpha- and gamma-tocotrienols had inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation of murine microsomes by adriamycin.
Identification of a Novel Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor by Coupling Monoamine Transporter-Based Virtual Screening and Rational Molecular Hybridization (2011)

Ligand virtual screening (VS) using the vestibular binding pocket of a 3-D monoamine transporter (MAT) computational model followed by in vitro pharmacology led to the identification of a human serotonin transporter (hSERT) inhibitor with modest affinity (hSERT K(i) = 284 nM). Structural comparison of this VS-elucidated compound, denoted MI-17, to known SERT ligands led to the rational design and synthesis of DJLDU-3-79, a molecular hybrid of MI-17 and dual SERT/5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist SSA-426. Relative to MI-17, DJLDU-3-79 displayed 7-fold improvement in hSERT binding affinity and a 3-fold increase in [(3)H]-serotonin uptake inhibition potency at hSERT/HEK cells. This hybrid compound displayed a hSERT:hDAT selectivity ratio of 50:1, and a hSERT:hNET (human norepinephrine transporter) ratio of >200:1. In mice, DJLDU-3-79 decreased immobility in the tail suspension test comparable to the SSRI fluvoxamine, suggesting that DJLDU-3-79 may possess antidepressant properties. This proof of concept study highlights MAT virtual screening as a powerful tool for identifying novel inhibitor chemotypes and chemical fragments for rational inhibitor design.
Opportunistic Sensing with MIC Arrays on Smart Speakers for Distal Interaction and Exercise Tracking (2018)

In 2017, smart speakers (such as Amazon Echo, Google Home, etc.) became a commercial success. Most smart speakers have a circular microphone array to provide hands-free, voice-only interaction from a distance. In this work, we exploit this mic array for opportunistically sensing gestures and tracking exercises. To this end, we measure the Doppler shift on a pilot tone caused by a gesturing human body, and use beamforming of the mic array to extend the range of the detection. Data from 12 participants show that gestures can be detected with an accuracy of 96.8% up to a distance of 2.5 meters using an inaudible 20 kHz pilot tone. For exercise tracking, we train a deep neural network to recognize 10 different exercises, and count repetitions by peak-finding heuristics. Data from 17 participants show that exercise classification accuracy is 96% and count accuracy is 91.8%. To conclude, we discuss hardware enhancements to smart speakers to further increase their gesture sensing capabilities.
Interaction Between Sleep and Thermoregulation: An Aspect of the Control of Behavioral States (1986)

Studies on the interaction between sleep and thermoregulation are reviewed with regard to the processes underlying the ultradian evolution of behavioral states. The experimental evidence shows that thermoregulatory mechanisms influence the waking-sleeping cycle in both the absence or the presence of a thermal load. Such a control appears to be a functional necessity to maintain physiological homeostasis.
[Chemical constituents of the stems and leaves of Trigonella foenum-graecum L]. (1997)

Two compounds were isolated from the leaves and stems of Trigonella foenum-graecum, and on the basis of spectral analysis, their structures were elucidated as gamma-schizandrin and scopoletin. They were isolated from T. foenum-grecum for the first time.
Reorganization of motor output in the non-affected hemisphere after stroke (1997)

Motor evoked responses to focal transcranial magnetic stimulation were investigated over the unaffected hemisphere in 15 patients with hemiparesis after ischaemic stroke and compared with data from normal control subjects. Whereas responses to muscles ipsilateral to the stimulated hemisphere could only be elicited at maximal intensities in two out of 12 normal control subjects, such ipsilateral responses were recorded after stimulation of the unaffected hemisphere in patients with poor recovery after stroke at significantly lower thresholds, but not in patients with good recovery. These responses occurred with a somewhat longer (on average 6 ms) latency than the typical contralateral response. The duration of the silent period ipsilateral to stimulation of the unaffected hemisphere was longer than in control subjects. Also the contralateral threshold for the unaffected hemisphere was elevated in comparison with the control group. In one patient, who developed mirror movements after stroke, the ipsilateral threshold was exceptionally low and the latency of the ipsilateral response identical to that seen contralaterally. It is concluded that the motor outputs in the unaffected hemisphere are significantly changed after stroke, including the unmasking of ipsilateral corticospinal projections. However, these pathways seem to be of little significance for recovery, as the existence of these responses was not correlated with clinical improvement. The unaffected hemisphere after stroke shows plastic changes in motor output organization after a contralateral lesion.
Remember the People (2010)

Leslie White, CCM, CRC, LPCC, is a Commissioner with the Commission for Case Manager Certification (CCMC), the first and largest nationally accredited organization that certifies case managers (www.ccmcertification.org). She is also a Staff Development Coordinator with the New Mexico Division of Vocational Rehabilitation. Address correspondence to Leslie White, CCM, CRC, LPCC, Commissioner, Commission for Case Manager Certification NMDVR, 5301 Central NE, Ste 1600, Albuquerque, MN 87108 ([email protected]).
Impact of deprenyl and tocopherol treatment on Parkinson's disease in DATATOP patients requiring levodopa (1996)

The Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidant Therapy of Parkinsonism (DATATOP) trial was designed to test outcomes from treatment with 10 mg of deprenyl and/or 2,000 mg of tocopherol/day in 800 untreated patients with Parkinson's disease. The need of subjects for symptomatic treatment with levodopa and the conversion of all subjects to open-label deprenyl made it possible to study the long-term effect of early deprenyl and tocopherol treatment on the later development of levodopa-associated side effects. The rate of developing these side effects did not differ among the original treatment groups (early versus late deprenyl and tocopherol versus nontocopherol). About 50% of subjects developed "wearing off," 30% dyskinesias, and 25% "freezing" in each group. At the end of the study, the groups were similarly disabled on the Hoehn-Yahr, Schwab-England, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating scales and took similar amounts of levodopa. Young subjects were more likely to develop wearing off, women to develop dyskinesias, and older subjects with rapidly progressive disease to develop freezing. We conclude that prior treatment with deprenyl or tocopherol did not reduce the occurrence of subsequent levodopa-associated adverse effects in this population.
A RING Finger Protein Praja1 Regulates Dlx5-dependent Transcription through Its Ubiquitin Ligase Activity for the Dlx/Msx-interacting MAGE/Necdin Family Protein, Dlxin-1 (2002)

Msx2 and Dlx5 are homeodomain proteins that play an important role in osteoblast differentiation and whose expression is induced by bone morphogenetic proteins. Recently we have identified a novel protein, Dlxin-1, that associates with these homeodomain proteins and regulates Dlx5-dependent transcriptional function (Masuda, Y., Sasaki, A., Shibuya, H., Ueno, N., Ikeda, K., and Watanabe, K. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 5331-5338). In an attempt to elucidate the molecular function of Dlxin-1, two closely related RING finger proteins, Praja1 and Neurodap-1, were isolated by yeast two-hybrid screening using the C-terminal necdin homology domain of Dlxin-1 as bait. Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation/Western blotting assays following co-transfection of Dlxin-1 and Praja1 revealed that Praja1 binds to the C-terminal necdin homology domain of Dlxin-1 in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Overexpression of Praja1 caused a decrease in Dlxin-1 protein level, which was reversed when a proteasome inhibitor was added. Overexpression of Praja1 with a mutation in the RING finger inhibited the decrease in Dlxin-1 protein, pointing to the importance of ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (E3) activity associated with RING finger. Wild-type Praja1, but not its RING finger mutant, promoted ubiquitination of Dlxin-1 in vivo. Finally, expression of Praja1 down-regulated Dlx5-dependent transcriptional activity in a GAL4-dependent assay. These results suggest that Praja1 regulates the transcription function of the homeodomain protein Dlx5 by controlling the stability of Dlxin-1 via an ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway.
Principles of spatial surface electric field filtering in magnetotellurics; electromagnetic array profiling (EMAP) (1992)

Abstract Electromagnetic Array Profiling (EMAP) is an adaptation of magnetotellurics to overcome spatial aliasing effects associated with the sampling of the surface electric field. Undersampling lateral electric field variations can result in misleading geoelectric interpretations of the subsurface, particularly under the common presence of static distortion. In the EMAP field procedure, electric dipoles are positioned end-to-end along a continuous survey path; this configuration, in addition to reducing aliasing effects, lends itself to low-pass filtering of the lateral electric field variations.We show that lengthening an electric dipole can reduce the static effect due to confined resistivity anomalies smaller than a dipole length. This modification of the sensor characteristics involves a spatial filtering process in which the cutoff wavenumber is inversely proportional to the length of the dipole. However, excessively long dipoles may not prove appropriate at high frequencies where the objective is to sense geoelectric features smaller than a dipole length. Thus, an array of adjacent dipoles along the survey path allows us to control the characteristics of the low-pass filter employed to reduce static effects. A standard dipole length should be comparable with the shallowest depth of penetration at the highest frequency. The survey path, on the other hand, should be long enough to allow the suppression of static effects due to geoelectric structure of size comparable to the depth of penetration at the lowest frequency.Previously, we showed that a profile of the subsurface resistivity distribution can be estimated by inverting the inductive part of the surface electric field response derived from spatial filtering. For this purpose, the suggested wavenumber filter is one for which the cutoff wavenumber decreases with decreasing values of frequency, just in the same way the subsurface resistivity distribution is naturally averaged at depth to produce its inductive surface electric field response. Hence, the EMAP field procedure for the measurement of lateral electric field variations is suitable for an inversion of this type. We introduce a data-adaptive spatial filtering technique that responds to changes in local average resistivity at a given frequency to estimate both effective depth of response and resistivity along the survey path. Application of this filtering procedure shows encouraging results in the interpretation of data simulated numerically from two-dimensional models possessing different degrees of structural complexity. We also present results from a field study carried out in the northern basin and range geological province of Nevada.
A Portable, Benchtop Photolithography System Based on a Solid‐State Light Source (2011)

A portable and compact photolithography system based on a solid-state light source of UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is described. Solid-state photolithography can achieve high-quality patterns over a wide range of length scales at a fraction of the cost of contact mask aligners. 2D nanoscale and 1D microscale patterns can easily be created. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tyrosinase Expression in Malignant Melanoma, Desmoplastic Melanoma, and Peripheral Nerve Tumors (2002)

Our results support the sensitivity of tyrosinase expression and demonstrate the relative specificity of tyrosinase as a marker for melanocytic lesions, including desmoplastic melanoma, although pigmented peripheral nerve tumors may demonstrate focal positive staining. Immunoreactivity for tyrosinase and HMB-45 may have been enhanced by the microwave-based antigen-retrieval technique used in this study.
[Heart failure and sleep respiratory disorders. Prevalence, physiopathology and treatment]. (2000)

Cheyne-Stokes respiration occurs during sleep in 40-45% of patients with NYHA class III and IV heart failure. Such patients experience repeated episodes of progressively diminishing ventilation associated with desaturation followed by periods of increasing-amplitude ventilation. The mechanism appears to be related to hyperventilation leading to hypocapnia which occurs near a critical threshold of apnea during sleep stages I and stage II and interrupts central ventilatory control. The total duration of the periodic respiration cycle would depend on the increased circulation time subsequent to lowered cardiac output. Brief periods of waking provoked by Cheyne-Stokes respiration, accentuating sympathetic nervous system activity, are an unfavorable prognostic factor in heart failure. Activation of the sympathetic system may be corrected by CPAP although the long-term effect on heart failure remains controversial. Other treatments, such as oxygen therapy or theophylline, combined with optimized treatment of heart failure, have been proposed.
Synchronization in a parallel-accessed data base (1969)

The following problem is considered: Given a data base which can be manipulated simultaneously by more than one process, what are the rules for synchronization which will maximize the amount of parallel activity allowed. It is assumed that the data base can be represented as a graph. An example of such a data base is a hierarchy of directories for an on-line file system. Methods for synchronization of processes are examined; their validity is discussed and their performance compared.
Molecular adjuvants and immunomodulators: new approaches to immunization (1994)

Epitopes on microbial antigens responsible for protective immunity have begun to be identified and isolated, and their chemical structures have been determined. Ensuing knowledge of their weak immunizing capacity per se has led to an appreciation of the need for adjuvants to increase the immunogenicity of these low-molecular-weight synthetic structures. As such, a recent surge in adjuvant research has emerged. Accordingly, this review will highlight a number of those adjuvant substances whose activity in animals indicates a potential use in human vaccines. In addition, the potential of several well-defined substances, termed immunomodulators, which nonspecifically stimulate resistance of animals to multiple 50% lethal doses of microbial challenge is described. Among the most extensively characterized adjuvants of microbial origin discussed in detail are (i) the lipopolysaccharides isolated from gram-negative bacteria and their nontoxic analogs, (ii) the synthetic muramyl dipeptides and their multiple analogs, and (iii) the synthetic polyribonucleotide complexes, mimicking the interferon-inducing capacity of viruses. Discussed also are the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli, the nonionic block copolymers, the saponins, a quinolamine derivative, and the hormone dihydroepiandrosterone.
A New Auditory Multi-Class Brain-Computer Interface Paradigm: Spatial Hearing as an Informative Cue (2010)

Most P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) approaches use the visual modality for stimulation. For use with patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) this might not be the preferable choice because of sight deterioration. Moreover, using a modality different from the visual one minimizes interference with possible visual feedback. Therefore, a multi-class BCI paradigm is proposed that uses spatially distributed, auditory cues. Ten healthy subjects participated in an offline oddball task with the spatial location of the stimuli being a discriminating cue. Experiments were done in free field, with an individual speaker for each location. Different inter-stimulus intervals of 1000 ms, 300 ms and 175 ms were tested. With averaging over multiple repetitions, selection scores went over 90% for most conditions, i.e., in over 90% of the trials the correct location was selected. One subject reached a 100% correct score. Corresponding information transfer rates were high, up to an average score of 17.39 bits/minute for the 175 ms condition (best subject 25.20 bits/minute). When presenting the stimuli through a single speaker, thus effectively canceling the spatial properties of the cue, selection scores went down below 70% for most subjects. We conclude that the proposed spatial auditory paradigm is successful for healthy subjects and shows promising results that may lead to a fast BCI that solely relies on the auditory sense.
Synthesis of Biodiesel via Acid Catalysis (2005)

Biodiesel is synthesized via the transesterification of lipid feedstocks with low molecular weight alcohols. Currently, alkaline bases are used to catalyze the reaction. These catalysts require anhydrous conditions and feedstocks with low levels of free fatty acids (FFAs). Inexpensive feedstocks containing high levels of FFAs cannot be directly used with the base catalysts currently employed. Strong liquid acid catalysts are less sensitive to FFAs and can simultaneously conduct esterification and transesterification. However, they are slower and necessitate higher reaction temperatures. Nonetheless, acid-catalyzed processes could produce biodiesel from low-cost feedstocks, lowering production costs. Better yet, if solid acid catalysts could replace liquid acids, the corrosion and environmental problems associated with them could be avoided and product purification protocols reduced, significantly simplifying biodiesel production and reducing cost. This article reviews some of the research related to biodiesel production using acid catalysts, including solid acids.
Multiple Anonymized Social Networks Alignment (2015)

Users nowadays are normally involved in multiple (usually more than two) online social networks simultaneously to enjoy more social network services. Some of the networks that users are involved in can share common structures either due to the analogous network construction purposes or because of the similar social network features. However, the social network datasets available in research are usually pre-anonymized and accounts of the shared users in different networks are mostly isolated without any known connections. In this paper, we want to identify such connections between the shared users' accounts in multiple social networks (i.e., the anchor links), which is formally defined as the M-NASA (Multiple Anonymized Social Networks Alignment) problem. M-NASA is very challenging to address due to (1) the lack of known anchor links to build models, (2) the studied networks are anonymized, where no users' personal profile or attribute information is available, and (3) the "transitivity law" and the "one-to-one property" based constraints on anchor links. To resolve these challenges, a novel two-phase network alignment framework UMA (Unsupervised Multi-network Alignment) is proposed in this paper. Extensive experiments conducted on multiple real-world partially aligned social networks demonstrate that UMA can perform very well in solving the M-NASA problem.
Inflammation is preceded by tumor necrosis factor‐dependent infiltration of mesenchymal cells in experimental arthritis (2002)

These findings suggest that in CIA, there is an antigen-independent (innate) prearthritic phase that prepares the joint for the subsequent immune-mediated arthritis. The induction phase involves marrow-derived mesenchymal cells and requires the presence of TNF.
Light Filters to Improve Vision (1992)

Visual impairment not only derives from deficient processes within the ocular tissues, but also from the quality and quantity of environmental lighting. High levels of short wavelength light are not used efficiently in eyes that have cloudy media anterior to the retina or whose cones are deficient. Chromatic aberration, light scattering, and fluorescence are enhanced by short wavelength lighting. We show here that in human vision and in photography, elimination of environmental light with wavelengths shorter than 450 nm improves both contrast and visual clarity, especially through cloudy media. Cutoff filters with appropriate characteristics could be developed to improve vision in elderly and visually impaired people whose ocular media mishandle short wavelength light.