gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A phase I trial of humanized monoclonal antibody HuM195 (anti-CD33) with low-dose interleukin 2 in acute myelogenous leukemia. (1999)

HuM195 is a recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody reactive with CD33, a Mr 67,000 glycoprotein expressed on early myeloid progenitor cells and myeloid leukemia cells. HuM195 has been shown to rapidly target and saturate acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells after i.v. infusion into patients and is capable of mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. This activity is enhanced in vitro when natural killer (NK) effector cells are preincubated with low concentrations of interleukin 2 (IL-2). Previous Phase I trials of HuM195 in patients with relapsed AML demonstrated safety and attainment of complete responses, but significant antileukemic activity appears limited to patients with low leukemia tumor burdens. Therefore, in the present trial, we sought to determine whether low-dose IL-2 could safely enhance the numbers of NK cells and therefore the cytotoxic capability of HuM195 via presumptive NK cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vivo against myeloid leukemia cells. Thirteen patients with relapsed or refractory AML and one patient with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome were treated with 0.6x10(6) IU/m2 of s.c. IL-2 daily for 35 days. Starting on day 15, patients received twice weekly i.v. infusions of HuM195 (3.0 mg/m2) for 3 weeks. Immediately after the HuM195 infusion, the patients received IL-2 i.v. infusions over 2 h at one of three escalating dose levels of 0.5x10(6), 1.0x10(6), and 2.0x10(6) IU/m2. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were quantitated and immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Safety, tolerability, bone marrow mononuclear cell morphology, and immunophenotype, as well as responses were assessed. Of the 14 patients who entered the study, 10 were able to complete at least one cycle of therapy. Adverse effects to the s.c. IL-2 were relatively mild and included erythema and induration of the skin at the injection site and low-grade fever. Toxicity from the sequential HuM195 and i.v. IL-2 infusions included nausea, rigors, and fever. Toxicity was IL-2 dose related with dose-limiting toxicity seen at the 2.0x10(6) IU/m2 dose level. Three patients had stable disease at the completion of the first cycle and went on to receive a second cycle of treatment. CD3-positive, CD56-positive, and CD33-positive cells were generally found to significantly decrease immediately after each administration of i.v. IL-2 and HuM195. CD56-expressing cells increased in 6 of 10 patients from the beginning to the end of therapy. Among the 10 evaluable patients, 2 patients had significant decreases in the percentage of blasts in the bone marrow (one of which achieved a complete bone marrow remission), 5 patients had stable levels of bone marrow blasts, and 3 had progression of disease on therapy. The combination of IL-2 and HuM195 shows modest biological activity and clinical antileukemic activity but also produced significant toxicity.
Identification of scene locations from geotagged images (2013)

Due to geotagging capabilities of consumer cameras, it has become easy to capture the exact geometric location where a picture is taken. However, the location is not the whereabouts of the scene taken by the photographer but the whereabouts of the photographer himself. To determine the actual location of an object seen in a photo some sophisticated and tiresome steps are required on a special camera rig, which are generally not available in common digital cameras. This article proposes a novel method to determine the geometric location corresponding to a specific image pixel. A new technique of stereo triangulation is introduced to compute the relative depth of a pixel position. Geographical metadata embedded in images are utilized to convert relative depths to absolute coordinates. When a geographic database is available we can also infer the semantically meaningful description of a scene object from where the specified pixel is projected onto the photo. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in accurately identifying actual locations.
Fine mapping of inhibitory anti-α5 monoclonal antibody epitopes that differentially affect integrin–ligand binding (1999)

The high-affinity interaction of integrin alpha5beta1 with the central cell-binding domain of fibronectin requires both the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence (in the tenth type III repeat) and a second site Pro-His-Ser-Arg-Asn (PHSRN) in the adjacent ninth type III repeat, which synergizes with RGD. Arg-Arg-Glu-Thr-Ala-Trp-Ala (RRETAWA) is a novel peptidic ligand for alpha5beta1, identified by phage display, which blocks alpha5beta1-mediated cell adhesion to fibronectin. A key question is the location of the binding sites for these ligand sequences within the integrin. In this study we have identified residues that form part of the epitopes of three inhibitory anti-alpha5 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs): 16, P1D6 and SNAKA52. These mAbs have distinct functional properties. mAb 16 blocks the recognition of RGD and RRETAWA, whereas P1D6 blocks binding to the synergy sequence. The binding of SNAKA52 is inhibited by anti-beta1 mAbs, indicating that its epitope is close to the interface between the alpha and beta subunits. Residues in human alpha5 were replaced with the corresponding residues in mouse alpha5 by site-directed mutagenesis; wild-type or mutant human alpha5 was expressed on the surface of alpha5-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. mAb binding was assessed by flow cytometry and by adhesion to the central cell-binding domain of fibronectin or RRETAWA by cell attachment assay. All three epitopes were located to different putative loops in the N-terminal domain of alpha5. As expected, disruption of these epitopes had no effect on ligand recognition by alpha5beta1. The locations of these epitopes are consistent with the beta-propeller model for integrin alpha-subunit structure and allow us to propose a topological image of the integrin-ligand complex.
Structural characterization of SIL, a gene frequently disrupted in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (1991)

The SIL (SCL interrupting locus) gene was initially discovered at the site of a genomic rearrangement in a T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. This rearrangement, which occurs in a remarkably site-specific fashion, is present in the leukemic cells of 16 to 26% of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We have now cloned a normal SIL cDNA from a cell line which does not carry the rearrangement. The SIL cDNA has a long open reading frame of 1,287 amino acids, with a predicted molecular size of 143 kDa. The predicted protein is not homologous with any previously described protein; however, a potential eukaryotic topoisomerase I active site was identified. Cross-species hybridization using a SIL cDNA probe indicated that the SIL gene was conserved in mammals. A survey of human and murine cell lines and tissues demonstrated SIL mRNA to be ubiquitously expressed, at low levels, in hematopoietic cell lines and tissues. With the exception of 11.5-day-old mouse embryos, SIL mRNA was not detected in nonhematopoietic tissues. The genomic structure of SIL was also analyzed. The gene consists of 18 exons distributed over 70 kb, with the 5' portion of the gene demonstrating alternate exon utilization.
Essential and secondary hypertension and sleep-disordered breathing: a unifying hypothesis. (1996)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder in which there is repetitive collapse and closing of the pharynx during sleep. There is growing evidence to suggest that this disorder is a major cause of essential hypertension (EH) and that successful treatment of OSA can reduce the blood pressure (BP) significantly. In addition many other patients with EH have milder forms of sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD) like snoring, and upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) which, while not as severe as OSA, may be severe enough to also cause systemic hypertension. We therefore propose a unifying hypothesis-that many patients with EH may have sleep related breathing disturbances (SRBD) and treatment of these disorders may improve the BP. SRBD could also explain many of the epidemiological, clinical, hereditary, biochemical, hematological and physiological characteristics seen in EH. In addition, many types of secondary hypertension (those caused by excessive alcohol intake, chronic renal failure, diabetes, hypothyroidism or acromegaly) have a higher than normal prevalence of OSA and OSA may contribute to the hypertension and organ damage found in these conditions as well. Thus SRBD may play an important role in the production of many cases of essential and secondary hypertension, and their early detection and treatment could reduce the hypertension and organ damage seen in these conditions.
Catheter insertion simulation with co-registered direct volume rendering and haptic feedback. (2000)

We have developed an experimental catheter insertion simulation system supporting head-tracked stereoscopic viewing of volumetric anatomic reconstructions registered with direct haptic 3D interaction. The system takes as input data acquired with standard medical imaging modalities and regards it as a visual and haptic environment whose parameters are interactively defined using look-up tables. The system's display, positioned like a surgical table, provide a realistic impression of looking down at the patient. Measuring head motion via a six degrees-of-freedom head tracker, good positions to observe the anatomy and identify the catheter insertion point are quickly established with simple head motion. By generating appropriate stereoscopic images and co-registering physical and virtual spaces beforehand, volumes appear at fixed physical positions and it is possible to control catheter insertion via direct interaction with a PHANToM haptic device. During the insertion procedure, the system provides perception of the effort of penetration and deviation inside the traversed tissues. Semi-transparent volumetric rendering augment the sensory feedback with the visual indication of the inserted catheter position inside the body.
Nucleofection of DCs to Generate Multivirus-specific T Cells for Prevention or Treatment of Viral Infections in the Immunocompromised Host (2009)

Viral infections cause morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. To prevent and treat these, we have produced and infused cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with specificity for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and adenovirus (Adv), and shown that small numbers of infused cells proliferate in vivo and protect against all three viruses. Despite these encouraging results, broader implementation of this approach is limited by the need for infectious virus material (EBV), expensive production of clinical grade adenoviral vectors, and a prolonged (8-12 weeks) period of manufacture. There is also competition between virus-derived antigens within antigen-presenting cells (APCs), limiting extension to additional agents. We now describe an approach that uses DNA nucleofection of dendritic cells (DCs) with DNA plasmids that encode a range of immunodominant and subdominant viral antigens from CMV, EBV, BK, and Adv. Within 10 days, this methodology provides multivirus-reactive CTLs that lack alloreactivity. We further demonstrate that nucleofected DC stimulation can be combined with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) capture technology to produce even more rapid multivirus-CTL products for treatment of acute infection. These CTL generation procedures should increase the feasibility and applicability of T-cell therapy.
An augmented context free grammar for discourse (1988)

This paper presents an augmented context free grammar which describes important features of the surface structure and the semantics of discourse in a formal way, integrating new as well as previously existing insights into a unified framework. The structures covered include lists, narratives, subordinating and coordinating rhetorical relations, topic chains and interruptions. The paper discusses the problem of parsing discourse, and compares different grammatical formalisms which could be used for describing discourse structure.
A Class of State Feedback Controllers with Simpler Structures for Uncertain Nonlinear Dynamical Systems (1996)

Robust stabilization for a class of uncertain nonlinear dynamical systems is investigated. Based on the stability of the nominal systems, a new approach to synthesizing a class of continuous state feedback controllers with simpler structures for uncertain nonlinear dynamical systems is proposed. The state feedback controllers developed by using our approach are computationally simpler and can guarantee uniform ultimate boundedness and uniform asymptotic stability of uncertain nonlinear dynamical systems by choosing different control gain functions. Furthermore, for dynamical system with a linear nominal part and uncertainties bounded by constants, the state feedback controller proposed in this paper will become linear in the state. Therefore, for some practical robust control problems, the control given here may more easily be implemented. Finally, several illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the utilization of the approach developed in this paper.
ARF7 and ARF19 Regulate Lateral Root Formation via Direct Activation ofLBD/ASLGenes inArabidopsis (2007)

Abstract Lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana is regulated by two related AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs, ARF7 and ARF19, which are transcriptional activators of early auxin response genes. The arf7 arf19 double knockout mutant is severely impaired in lateral root formation. Target-gene analysis in arf7 arf19 transgenic plants harboring inducible forms of ARF7 and ARF19 revealed that ARF7 and ARF19 directly regulate the auxin-mediated transcription of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN16/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE18 (LBD16/ASL18) and/or LBD29/ASL16 in roots. Overexpression of LBD16/ASL18 and LBD29/ASL16 induces lateral root formation in the absence of ARF7 and ARF19. These LBD/ASL proteins are localized in the nucleus, and dominant repression of LBD16/ASL18 activity inhibits lateral root formation and auxin-mediated gene expression, strongly suggesting that these LBD/ASLs function downstream of ARF7- and ARF19-dependent auxin signaling in lateral root formation. Our results reveal that ARFs regulate lateral root formation via direct activation of LBD/ASLs in Arabidopsis.
Cloning of glycoprotein IIIa cDNA from human erythroleukemia cells and localization of the gene to chromosome 17 (1988)

Platelet aggregation requires the binding of adhesive proteins such as fibrinogen to the heterodimer of membrane glycoproteins IIb (GPIIb) and IIIa (GPIIIa). Human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells synthesize both GPIIb and GPIIIa. Using poly(A+) RNA purified from HEL cells, we constructed a cDNA library in the lambda gt10 phage vector. This library was screened with a 38mer oligonucleotide derived from a platelet GPIIIa peptide, and three overlapping cDNAs were isolated. The three inserts encompassed 3.5 kilobases (kb), including the entire coding region of mature GPIIIa (2,286 basepairs, bp) and 1.3 kb of 3′ untranslated sequence. All 222 residues determined directly from platelet GPIIIa tryptic peptides exactly matched the HEL cell-deduced amino acid sequence. The HEL cell sequence matched a previously reported endothelial cell cDNA sequence except for eight nucleotides. Five of these nucleotide differences were silent changes consistent with genetic polymorphisms. The other three differences resulted in changes in the deduced amino acid sequence of GPIIIa; reexamination of the endothelial cell cDNA sequence in these three areas revealed that it is actually identical to the HEL cell sequence. The virtual identity of the endothelial and HEL cell cDNA sequences provides direct evidence that GPIIIa is a subunit common to cell-adhesion receptors present in more than one cell type. We localized the gene for GPIIIa to chromosome 17, the same chromosome to which we had previously mapped the gene for GPIIb.
The application of a novel two-way mobile satellite communications and vehicle tracking system to the transportation industry (1991)

A two-way mobile satellite communications and vehicle position reporting system currently operational in the US and Europe is described. The system characteristics and service operations are described in detail, and technical descriptions of the equipment and signal processing techniques are provided. The application of this technology to the land transportation industry, specifically the over-the-road truckload motor carrier segment, and the types of benefits being derived by the current users are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured ZnO and SnO x for VOC Sensor Devices (2011)

In this dissertation, nanostructured ZnO and SnOx with various forms of thin films, particles and rods were deposited and synthesized by combination of sputtering, thermolysis assisted chemical solution method, and/or dc applied electrodeposition. Different substrates such as alumina, silicon dioxide, and polyimide films were used to grow nanostructured materials in order to fabricate highly sensitive and selective VOC sensor devices. Synthesized ZnO and SnOx materials were characterized by FE-SEM, XRD, EDS, Raman spectroscopy and Keithley 2400 sourcemeter to examine the surface morphology, crystalline phase, atomic composition and electrical resistance change. Gas sensing properties of nanostructured metal oxides were studied as functions of the structural and compositional changes. Three different gases: acetone, ethanol, and ethylene, mixed with synthetic air were tested in a closed chamber by continuously flowing gases. SnO2 thin films were deposited by rf sputtering from a SnO2 ceramic target under different argon-to-oxygen ratios to investigate the effects of oxygen stoichiometry on ethylene sensing properties. Thin film sensors exhibited higher sensitivity compared with bulk from SnO2
A Comparative Study of Compensation Techniques in Directional DCT's (2007)

A block-based directional DCT framework has been developed recently in which the first transform may choose to follow a direction other than the vertical or horizontal one – the default direction in the conventional 2D DCT, while the second transform is selected according to the first one. However, these directional DCT's would suffer from the so-called mean weighting defect because DCT's of different lengths have to be used at the first step along different directional lines within each image block, thus resulting in some unnecessary non-zero components during the second transform. This paper presents a comparative study of various techniques for compensating such defect, including different ways of modifying the scaling factors used in the DCT matrices and the so-called ΔDC correction method. These techniques are compared with each other in terms of coding performance and computational complexity.
Products from Lignocellulosic Materials via Degradation Processes (2007)

Abstract Products from lignicellulosic materials by degradation processes are reviewed based on the results of some investigations. Biomass provides a potential source of added value chemicals, such as reducing sugars, furfural, ethanol and other products by using biochemical or chemical and thermochemical. The initial degradation reactions include depolymerization, hydrolysis, oxidation, dehydration, and decarboxylation. The gas phase of pyrolitic degradation products contain mostly carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and minor proportions of hydrogen, methane, ethane, and propane. The liquid fraction consists mainly of water, with small proportions of acetaldehyde, propion aldehyde, butiraldehyde, acrolein, croton-aldehyde, furan, acetone, butanedione, and methanol. There are many studies on biomass conversion methods because of energy problems and environmental pollution. Ethanol is an alcohol and is fermented from sugars, starches or from lignocellulosic biomass. In order to produce bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, a pretreatment process is used to reduce the sample size, degrade the hemicelluloses to sugars, and open up the structure of the cellulose component. The cellulose portion is hydrolyzed by acids or enzymes into glucose sugar that is fermented to bioethanol. The sugars from the hemicelluloses are also fermented to bioethanol.
Anatomy of a URL (and other Internet-scale namespaces. 1) (1999)

The author discusses the anatomy of a URL (Uniform Resource Locator). He considers domain names, IP addresses, MAC addresses, phone numbers, path names and names in HTTP messages.
Preserved Feedforward But Impaired Top-Down Processes in the Vegetative State (2011)

Frontoparietal cortex is involved in the explicit processing (awareness) of stimuli. Frontoparietal activation has also been found in studies of subliminal stimulus processing. We hypothesized that an impairment of top-down processes, involved in recurrent neuronal message-passing and the generation of long-latency electrophysiological responses, might provide a more reliable correlate of consciousness in severely brain-damaged patients, than frontoparietal responses. We measured effective connectivity during a mismatch negativity paradigm and found that the only significant difference between patients in a vegetative state and controls was an impairment of backward connectivity from frontal to temporal cortices. This result emphasizes the importance of top-down projections in recurrent processing that involve high-order associative cortices for conscious perception.
Synthesis and Structures of High-Quality Single-Crystalline II3−V2 Semiconductors Nanobelts (2007)

Due to the difficulties, such as lack of generalized synthetic methodologies, production of amorphous materials, diffraction pattern problems, and instability in air, etc., associated with II3−V2 semiconducting compounds (II and V indicate elements of Group II and Group V.), single-crystalline II3−V2 nanostructures are intrinsically harder to prepare and it has been a great challenge to produce single-crystalline one-dimensional II3−V2 nanostructures. Here, by using a mixture of ZnS (or CdS) and Mn3P2 as the source materials, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of high-quality single-crystalline Zn3P2 and Cd3P2 nanobelts. Systematic structural analyses, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometer, were performed on these novel II3−V2 nanomaterials. By a judicious choice of source materials, II3−V2 nanobelts with compositions other than Cd3P2 and Zn3P2, such as Cd3As2, Zn3As2, etc., may also be fabricated.
Revised amino acid sequence for a heat-stable enterotoxin produced by an Escherichia coli strain (18D) that is pathogenic for humans (1985)

The amino acid sequence of heat-stable enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 18D has been revised. Amino acids originally assigned to positions 11 and 18, i.e., Tyr and Asn, respectively, were found to occupy positions 18 and 11, respectively. Thus all heat-stable enterotoxins composed of 18 amino acids sequenced to date from human, porcine, and bovine isolates of E. coli have identical primary structures, i.e., Asn-Thr-Phe-Tyr-Cys-Cys-Glu-Leu-Cys-Cys-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys-Ala-Gly-Cys-Tyr. Furthermore, all 18- and 19-amino-acid heat-stable enterotoxins from E. coli share an almost identical core sequence, i.e., 14 of the 15 carboxy-terminal amino acid residues are identical.