gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors in the Developing Mouse Metanephros (2001)

While bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 2, 4 and 7 have recently been implicated in aspects of metanephric development, and expression patterns of these ligands have been described in the developing metanephros, the distribution of BMP receptors in developing metanephroi remains unknown. In the present study, in situ hybridisation histochemistry was used to localise mRNAs for BMP type-I receptors (BMPR-IA and BMPR-IB) and the BMP type-II receptor (BMPR-II) in developing mouse metanephroi. At embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) and E14.5 transcripts for BMP type-I receptors were localised to the tips and body of the branching ureter as well as mesenchymal condensates, developing vesicles and comma-shaped bodies. Localisation of BMPR-II transcripts was similar although expression was not observed in the body of the ureter. At E17.5, transcripts for all three receptors were localised in the nephrogenic zone including ureteric tips, vesicles, comma- and S-shaped bodies as well the body of the ureter and in tubules. BMP type-I and type-II receptor transcripts co-localised with each other, in agreement with the well-documented evidence that BMPs signal via heterotetrameric complexes of type-I and type-II receptors and with the previously reported metanephric expression pattern of BMPs. These patterns of receptor expression suggest that these molecules are important regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, nephron development and ureteric branching morphogenesis.
Converting to gamma-radiation sterilization: an overview for medical device manufacturers. (1993)

Gamma radiation is becoming increasingly popular as a method of sterilizing disposable medical devices. The conversion from ethylene oxide sterilization to gamma radiation may involve redesigning products and packaging, and establishing a new method of sterilization. However, the conversion process can be regarded as an opportunity to enhance product design, improve processes, and reduce costs. In this article, the authors explain how conversion can be manageably achieved by providing a step-by-step conversion programme.
Adaptive representation of JPEG2000 images using header-based processing (2003)

To bridge the mismatch between the sizes of images and display devices, we present an efficient and automatic algorithm to create an adaptive image representation called SmartNail. Given a digital image and rectangular display frame smaller than the image, we define the SmartNail as an appropriately cropped part of a suitably scaled-down image. We choose the SmartNail-defining parameters - down-scaling factor and cropping location - to maximize a bit-allocation-based cost function that quantifies the visual importance of the image content in the SmartNail. For JPEG2000-encoded images, the SmartNail parameters can be determined using just the header information available in the encoded file. Hence, only the wavelet coefficients required to reconstruct the SmartNail need to be decoded from the entire JPEG2000 code stream. Consequently, the SmartNail construction requires minimal computation and memory requirements. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the SmartNail representations.
Vaccines With Interleukin-12–Transduced Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Elicit Very Potent Therapeutic and Long-Lasting Protective Immunity (1999)

Abstract Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine mediating a dynamic interplay between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Preclinical studies have demonstrated that recombinant murine IL-12 (rmIL-12) promotes specific antitumor immunity mediated by T cells in several types of tumors. However, the in vivo antitumor properties of IL-12 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have not been previously reported. We show here in a murine AML model that systemic administration of rmIL-12 significantly delays tumor growth but is incapable of rescuing mice from lethal leukemia. In contrast, AML cells genetically modified to express IL-12 (IL12-AML) using murine stem cell virus (MSCV) p40 + p35 elicit very potent antileukemic activity. Vaccines with lethally irradiated IL12-AML cells protect naive mice against challenge with wild-type AML cells and, more importantly, can cure mice bearing a considerable leukemic burden. Immunized mice show no signs of systemic IL-12 toxicity and their spleen histology is comparable with naive mice spleen. In vivo depletion of IL-12, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), or CD8+ T cells after injections with live IL12-AML cells abrogates completely the antileukemia immune responses. Studies on the in vitro effects of IFN-γ on AML cells demonstrate enhanced expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and accessory molecules and induction of the costimulatory molecules B7.1 and B7.2, but no significant direct antiproliferative effect. 51Cr release assays show that rejection of live IL12-AML cells supports the development of long-lasting leukemia-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that IL12-AML vaccination is a safe and potent immunotherapeutic approach that has a great potential to eliminate minimal residual disease in patients with AML.
Isolation of Lymphocytes, Granulocytes and Macrophages (1976)

This paper presents the standard procedure for isolating lymphocytes and granulocytes from blood, using the Isopaque-Ficoll technique. A procedure for isolating granulocytes and macrophages from peritoneal fluid is also described.
Potential of albumin labeled with nitroxides as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (1990)

The biological and physical properties of albumin and nitroxides make them attractive candidates as special purpose MRI contrast agents which could be used to study the intravascular compartment or specific targets in tissues. In this study, albumin-nitroxide complexes were prepared by reduction and alkylation of the disulfide bonds of the protein and characterized by electron spin resonance and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. An average of six nitroxides were bound covalently to each molecule of human serum albumin. The water proton relaxivity of the protein-bound nitroxide (at 20 MHz and 37 degrees C) was 4-fold greater than that of the free nitroxide. The digestion of the nitroxide-albumin complexes by cells or by trypsin decreased the relaxivity of the nitroxide-protein complex. The rate of reduction of albumin-bound nitroxide by cells was much slower than that of the free nitroxide but still was oxygen-sensitive (2-3-fold increase in the rate of reduction in the absence of oxygen).
Metabolism of neoplastic tissue. IV. A study of lipid synthesis in neoplastic tissue slices in vitro. (1953)

Summary A study of lipogenesis in neoplastic tissues has shown that acetate and glucose carbon can be utilized for synthesis of the fatty acid chain. However, the data indicate that this process is probably too slow to supply the lipid needs of a rapidly growing tumor, and the tumor must therefore obtain its lipids preformed from the host.
Nontraditional Catalyst Supports in Surface Organometallic Chemistry (2020)

The field of Surface Organometallic Chemistry (SOMC) aims to blend the positive attributes of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Significant insight into heterogeneous systems has been gained over the years through the synthesis, characterization, and application of well-defined surface organometallic catalysts, predominantly supported on silica and alumina. Considerable research efforts have focused on the application of homogeneous methods to the synthesis and characterization of these systems. Homogeneous catalysis has thrived on its ability to electronically and sterically tune ligands to yield desired reactivity and selectivity. Efforts in SOMC, however, have only recently turned to harnessing the stereoelectronic diversity of potential inorganic support materials beyond silica and alumina in order to exert similar control on the reactivity of the organometallic active site. The support material is intrinsically linked to electronic structure and reactivity of heterogeneous organometallic systems in the same way that ligands exert control over homogeneous catalyst systems. The ability to tune the reactivity of heterogeneous catalysts by changing the support is of great value, and it is anticipated that this will represent an area of significant growth in the field. In this Perspective, the use and future of nontraditional catalyst supports, such as sulfated metal oxides, modified silicas, and redox active supports are discussed.
Biochemical analysis of a 130,000 molecular weight glycoprotein on human melanoma cells. (1983)

A monomeric sialoglycoprotein of 130,000 molecular weight (gp 130) is a membrane protein detected by mouse monoclonal antibodies on human melanoma cells and in lesser amounts on a wide range of normal and malignant cell types. Eight monoclonal antibodies reacting with gp 130 detect at least four spatially distinct epitopes on the exposed surface of the gp 130 molecule. Biosynthetic studies have shown that gp 130 is synthesized through two precursor forms: a 100 kD glycosylated species and an 80 kD unglycosylated species, presumably the primary translational product of the encoding mRNA.
Drosophila MEF2, a transcription factor that is essential for myogenesis. (1995)

mef2 encodes the only apparent Drosophila homolog of the vertebrate myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (MEF2). We show herein that the Drosophila MEF2 protein is expressed throughout the mesoderm following gastrulation. Later in embryogenesis, its expression is maintained in precursors and differentiated cells of the somatic and visceral musculature, as well as the heart. We have characterized genetic deficiencies and EMS-induced point mutations that result in complete loss of MEF2 protein in homozygous mutant embryos. These embryos exhibit a dramatic absence of myosin heavy chain (MHC)-expressing myoblasts and lack differentiated muscle fibers. Examination of earlier events of muscle development indicates that the specification and early differentiation of somatic muscle precursors are not affected because even-skipped-, nautilus-, and beta 3-tubulin-expressing myoblasts are present. However, these partially differentiated cells are unable to undergo further differentiation to form muscle fibers in the absence of mef2. The later aspects of differentiation of the visceral mesoderm and the heart are also disrupted in mef2 mutant embryos, although the specification and early development of these tissues appear unaffected. Midgut morphogenesis is disrupted in the mutant embryos, presumably as a consequence of abnormal development of the visceral mesoderm. In the heart, the cardial cells do not express MHC. These results indicate that MEF2 is required for later aspects of differentiation of the three major types of musculature, which include body wall muscles, gut musculature, and the heart, in the Drosophila embryo.
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum(L.) R. Br.] consensus linkage map constructed using four RIL mapping populations and newly developed EST-SSRs (2013)

The consensus map developed in the present study contains the largest set of mapped SSRs reported to date for pearl millet, and represents a major consolidation of existing pearl millet genetic mapping information. This study increased numbers of mapped pearl millet SSR markers by >50%, filling important gaps in previously published SSR-based linkage maps for this species and will greatly facilitate SSR-based QTL mapping and applied marker-assisted selection programs.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Complement Receptor 3-Deficient Mice (2000)

Complement receptor type 3 (CR3) present on macrophages is used by Mycobacterium tuberculosis as one of its major phagocytic receptors. In this study, we examined the in vivo significance of CR3-mediated phagocytosis on the pathogenesis of disease caused by M. tuberculosis. The outcome of tuberculous infection in mice deficient in the CD11b subunit of CR3 (CR3-/-) on a mixed 129SV and C57BL background and control wild-type counterparts was comparable with respect to survival, bacterial burden, granulomatous lesion development, and cytokine expression in the spleen and lungs. M. tuberculosis infection was also examined in CR3-/- mice on C57BL/6 and BALB/c backgrounds and was found to be similar. In conclusion, our results suggest that in the absence of CR3, M. tuberculosis is able to gain entry into host cells via alternative phagocytic receptors and establish infection. The data also indicate that absence of CR3 does not alter disease course in either the relatively resistant C57BL/6 or the relatively susceptible BALB/c strains of mice.
Protective T Cell–Independent Antiviral Antibody Responses Are Dependent on Complement (1999)

Complement is part of the innate immune system and one of the first lines of host defense against infections. Its importance was evaluated in this study in virus infections in mice deficient either in soluble complement factors (C3(-/-), C4(-/-)) or in the complement signaling complex (complement receptor [CR]2(-/-), CD19(-/-)). The induction of the initial T cell-independent neutralizing immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibody response to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), poliomyelitis virus, and recombinant vaccinia virus depended on efficient antigen trapping by CR3 and -4-expressing macrophages of the splenic marginal zone. Neutralizing IgM and IgG antibody responses were largely independent of CR2-mediated stimulation of B cells when mice were infected with live virus. In contrast, immunizations with nonreplicating antigens revealed an important role of B cell stimulation via CR2 in the switch to IgG. The complement cascade was activated after infection with VSV via the classical pathway, and active complement cleavage products augmented the effector function of neutralizing IgM and IgG antibodies to VSV by a factor of 10-100. Absence of the early neutralizing antibody responses, together with the reduced efficiency of neutralizing IgM in C3(-/-) mice, led to a drastically enhanced susceptibility to disease after infection with VSV.
A specific endothelin-1 antagonist blocks inhaled endothelin-1-induced bronchoconstriction in sheep (1993)

In this study we used conscious sheep to compare the relative potencies of inhaled endothelin- (ET) 1 and ET-3 and to determine whether a newly described selective ET-1 receptor antagonist, [diaminopropionic acid1-Asp15]ET-1 ([Dpr1-Asp15]ET-1), when given as an aerosol blocks ET-1-induced bronchoconstriction. Partial concentration-response curves to ET-1 and ET-3 were obtained by measuring the change in pulmonary airflow resistance (RL) after aerosol challenge. Both ET-1 (n = 6) and ET-3 (n = 4) caused concentration-dependent (10(-10)-10(-7) bronchoconstriction, but ET-3 was 400-fold less potent than ET-1. Pretreatment (30 min) with 25 breaths of 5 x 10(-8) M [Dpr1-Asp15]ET-1 caused a 100-fold rightward shift of the ET-1 concentration-response curve. The activity of the ET-1 antagonist (25 breaths of 5 x 10(-8) M) was compared with that of various control peptides (25 breaths of 10(-8) M). ET-1 (50 breaths of 10(-7) M) caused an increase in RL of 133 +/- 33% (SE) over baseline. [Dpr1-Asp15]ET-1 significantly inhibited this response by 54%. No protection was seen with a monocyclic control peptide or a thrombin receptor peptide. There was, however, a small protective effect (38%, P < 0.05) seen with [Dpr1-Asp15]ET-3, a structurally homologous ET-3 antagonist. [Dpr1-Asp15]ET-1 had no effect on carbachol (n = 3) or leukotriene D4-induced bronchoconstriction. Thus inhaled ET-1 and, to a lesser extent, ET-3 cause concentration-dependent bronchoconstriction in conscious sheep.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of new laser systems on the skin (1973)

With the rapid development of laser technology, higher output lasers and new lasers continue to be made. Lasers now extend from the ultraviolet far into the infrared. There is now considerable interest and controversy about x-ray lasers. The skin continues to be an easily available and controlled clinical test model for initial investigations of the effect of these lasers on man. Such studies help also in the development of safety programs for the use of lasers and for clinical applications. Brief mention will be made of the current applications of the laser for diagnosis and treatment in dermatology.
Biology of the p21-Activated Kinases (2003)

The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) 1-3 are serine/threonine protein kinases whose activity is stimulated by the binding of active Rac and Cdc42 GTPases. Our understanding of the regulation and biology of these important signaling proteins has increased tremendously since their discovery in the mid-1990s. PAKs 1-3 are activated by a variety of GTPase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. This complexity reflects the contributions of PAK function in many cellular signaling pathways and the need to carefully control PAK action in a highly localized manner. PAKs serve as important regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and cell motility, transcription through MAP kinase cascades, death and survival signaling, and cell-cycle progression. Consequently, PAKs have also been implicated in a number of pathological conditions and in cell transformation. We propose here a key role for PAK action in coordinating the dynamics of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons during directional motility of cells, as well as in other functions requiring cytoskeletal polarization.
[The diagnosis and the treatment on lingual thyroid] (1993)

Lingual thyroid is a rare example of ectopic thyroid.This paper reported three cases of lingual thyroid(all female,aged between 16 and 61 years) were discussed with diagnosis and treatment.A transoral excision using the median total glossotomy and precervical excision was performed through a transsuprahyoid approach.Postoperative complications is not developed.The approach above mention is better than that of median labiomandibular glossotomy.
Stable transduction of quiescent T cells without induction of cycle progression by a novel lentiviral vector pseudotyped with measles virus glycoproteins (2008)

A major limitation of current lentiviral vectors (LVs) is their inability to govern efficient gene transfer into quiescent cells such as primary T cells, which hampers their application for gene therapy. Here we generated high-titer LVs incorporating Edmonston measles virus (MV) glycoproteins H and F on their surface. They allowed efficient transduction through the MV receptors, SLAM and CD46, both present on blood T cells. Indeed, these H/F-displaying vectors outperformed by far VSV-G-LVs for the transduction of IL-7-prestimulated T cells. More importantly, a single exposure to these H/F-LVs allowed efficient gene transfer in quiescent T cells, which are not permissive for VSV-G-LVs that need cell-cycle entry into the G1b phase for efficient transduction. High-level transduction of resting memory (50%) and naive (11%) T cells with H/F-LVs, which seemed to occur mainly through SLAM, was not at cost of cell-cycle entry or of target T-cell activation. Finally, the naive or memory phenotypes of transduced resting T cells were maintained and no changes in cytokine profiles were detected, suggesting that T-cell populations were not skewed. Thus, H/F-LV transduction of resting T cells overcomes the limitation of current lentiviral vectors and may improve the efficacy of T cell-based gene therapy.
Human beta 2-glycoprotein I binds to endothelial cells through a cluster of lysine residues that are critical for anionic phospholipid binding and offers epitopes for anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibodies. (1998)

Beta 2-Glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI) is a phospholipid-binding protein recognized by serum autoantibodies from the anti-phospholipid syndrome both in cardiolipin- and beta 2GPI-coated plates. We found that: 1) recombinant wild-type beta 2GPI bound to HUVEC and was recognized by both human monoclonal IgM and affinity-purified polyclonal IgG anti-beta 2GPI anti-phospholipid syndrome Abs; and 2) a single amino acid change from Lys286 to Glu significantly reduced endothelial adhesion. Double and triple mutants (from Lys284,287 to Glu284,287, from Lys286,287 to Glu286,287, and from Lys284,286,287 to Glu284,286,287) completely abolished endothelial binding. A synthetic peptide (P1) spanning the sequence Glu274-Cys288 of the beta 2GPI fifth domain still displayed endothelial adhesion. Another peptide (P8), identical with P1 except that Cys281 and Cys288 were substituted with serine residues, did not bind to HUVEC. Anti-beta 2GPI Abs, once bound to P1 adhered to HUVEC, induced E-selectin expression and up-regulated IL-6 secretion. Control experiments conducted with irrelevant Abs as well as with the P8 peptide did not show any endothelial Ab binding nor E-selectin and IL-6 modulation. Our results suggest that: 1) beta 2GPI binds to endothelial cells through its fifth domain; 2) the major phospholipid-binding site that mediates the binding to anionic phospholipids is also involved in endothelial binding; 3) HUVEC provide a suitable surface for beta 2GPI binding comparable to that displayed by anionic phospholipids dried on microtiter wells; and 4) the formation of the complex between beta 2GPI and the specific Abs leads to endothelial activation in vitro.
Differential Expression of T-bet, a T-box Transcription Factor Required for Th1 T-Cell Development, in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas (2003)

We studied T-bet expression in 91 cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) by immunostaining and found expression in 42 cases (46%), including all 5 lymphoepithelioid lymphoma cases and 12 (86%) of 14 angioimmunoblastic lymphoma cases, but only 9 (25%) of 36 anaplastic large cell lymphoma cases. Expression of T-bet in PTCL correlates with expression of other markers of Th1 T-cell differentiation, including CXCR3 (P < .0001), CD69 (P = .0013), LEF-1 (P = .0007), and OX40/CD134 (P = .005), and absence of expression of markers of Th2 T-cell differentiation, including CD30 (P = .0001) and CXCR4 (P = .0144). Of 22 cases of PTCL immunoreactive for all Th1- associated markers previously studied and nonreactive for Th2-associated markers, 20 (91%) were immunoreactive for T-bet. Of 22 PTCL cases immunoreactive for Th2-associated markers studied and nonreactive for all Th1-associated markers studied, 4 (18%) were immunoreactive for T-bet. The remaining 47 PTCL cases (52%) exhibited incomplete or mixed staining for Th1- and Th2-associated markers, with 18 (38%) of 47 immuno-reactive for T-bet. T-bet is a new marker that may contribute to the diagnosis and subtyping of PTCLs. T-bet expression in these neoplasms provides further support for a model of PTCL in which tumor subsets express markers of, and may be derived from, Th1- or Th2-committed T cells.
Cell Death in Invertebrate Nervous Systems (1984)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More