gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Limited trypsin proteolysis of photoreceptor GTP-binding protein. Light- and GTP-induced conformational changes. (1984)

The amphibian photoreceptor rod outer segment contains a guanine nucleotide-binding complex which consists of a 39,000-dalton polypeptide that binds guanine nucleotides (G protein), a 36,000-dalton polypeptide (H protein), and an approximately 6,500-dalton polypeptide. Sensitivity to trypsin proteolysis was utilized as a probe of structure-function relationships for these polypeptides. Digestion of the H protein generated fragments of 26,000 and 15,000 daltons whose proteolytic susceptibility was not altered by guanosine triphosphates, light, or membranes. The approximately 6,500-dalton polypeptide was not trypsin sensitive. When the G protein was eluted from illuminated membranes by GTP, trypsin proteolysis cleaved a terminal 1,000-dalton fragment (G1) to yield a 38,000-dalton fragment (G38). With increased digestion time, a 6,000-dalton fragment (G6) was removed from G38 to yield a 32,000-dalton fragment (G32). G32 was subsequently digested to fragments of 23,000 and 12,000 daltons. However, when the G protein was eluted from illuminated membranes by hydrolysis-resistant analogues of GTP, G32 was protected from further digestion. This is consistent with a GTP-induced conformational change in the G protein which is altered by GTP hydrolysis. Proteolysis of the G protein after covalent labeling with a photoaffinity analogue of GTP demonstrated that the analogue is bound to first G38 and then G32, indicating the GTP-binding site is associated with G32. Fragment G6 was cleaved when the G protein was soluble or bound to unilluminated membranes. However, when bound to illuminated membranes, fragments were generated reflecting the loss of 7,500, 9,000, or 11,000 daltons from the G protein. This light-induced alteration in proteolytic susceptibility indicates there is a light-induced conformational change in the G protein. Fragment G1 was not removed from the G protein when it was membrane bound, suggesting G1 is involved in binding to a membrane structure. These data suggest that the light-induced binding of the G protein to illuminated membranes and the reversal of this binding by GTP are mediated through conformational changes in the G protein and that three conformations exist: 1) a basal, inactive conformation; 2) a primed conformation induced by binding to photolyzed rhodopsin, with a high affinity for GTP; and 3) an active conformation, induced by binding of GTP, which activates the catalytic complex of light-activated phosphodiesterase.
Monoclonal antibody and an antibody-toxin conjugate to a cell surface proteoglycan of melanoma cells suppress in vivo tumor growth. (1983)

A monoclonal antibody directed against a cell surface chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of human melanoma cells, 9.2.27, and its diphtheria toxin A chain (DTA) conjugate were investigated for their effects on in vitro protein synthesis and in vivo tumor growth of human melanoma cells. The 9.2.27 IgG and its DTA conjugate display similar serological activities against melanoma target cells but only the conjugate can induce consistent in vitro inhibition of protein synthesis and toxicity in M21 melanoma cells. However, both 9.2.27 IgG and its DTA conjugate effect significant suppression of M21 tumor growth in vivo in an immunotherapy model of a rapidly growing tumor in athymic nu/nu mice, suggesting that other host mechanisms may mediate monoclonal antibody-induced tumor suppression.
Polymyxin B Sulfate and Colistin: Old Antibiotics for Emerging Multiresistant Gram-Negative Bacteria (1999)

Polymyxin B sulfate and colistin have a role in the therapy of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections.
Media Banks: Entertainment and the Internet (1996)

There are two emerging models for delivering high-density, synchronized audiovisual presentations: video-on-demand and the Internet. The first is based on long-lived connections and guaranteed timeliness; the second assumes short spurts of low-bandwidth data on demand. We present the design for a Media Bank that intermediates between them. It provides on-demand access to media elements that are assembled on-the-fly by the recipient to reproduce synchronized audiovisual presentations. The Media Bank uses a fully distributed architecture that assumes a community of viewers. Any member citizen can request or deliver sound, picture, descriptive annotations, or programs to control assembly. Data are redundantly stored in small segments and are cataloged by content and format to facilitate personalized and interactive retrieval.
Preserving stable 100% spin polarization at (111) heterostructures of half-metallic Heusler alloy Co2VGa with semiconductor PbS (2012)

Based on the half-metallicity confirmed experimentally in bulk Heusler alloy Co2VGa, we use the first-principles calculations to extend our previous studies on the Co2VGa (111) surfacial properties to the interfaces of Co2VGa/PbS (111) heterostructures in which four possible interfacial structures are considered between the V- and Ga-terminated (111) surfaces of Co2VGa and S- and Pb-terminated (111) surfaces of PbS. From the atomic density of states, it is shown that the half-metallicity of the bulk system is destroyed at Ga-S and Ga-Pb configurations while V-S and V-Pb configurations exhibit 100% spin polarization and nearly 100% spin polarization, respectively. Furthermore, the structure relaxation and the calculated interfacial adhesion energies indicate that V-S configuration is the most stable structure among them. In addition, we also discuss the changes of the atom magnetic moments at interface and subinterface layers with respect to the corresponding bulk values.
China's Motor Fuels from Tung Oil (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChina's Motor Fuels from Tung OilChia-Chu. Chang and Shen-Wu. WanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 12, 1543–1548Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50456a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50456a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views614Altmetric-Citations166LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Telotristat etiprate, a novel serotonin synthesis inhibitor, in patients with carcinoid syndrome and diarrhea not adequately controlled by octreotide (2014)

Serotonin produced by neuroendocrine tumors is believed to be a principal cause of the diarrhea in carcinoid syndrome. We assessed the safety and efficacy of telotristat etiprate, an oral serotonin synthesis inhibitor, in patients with diarrhea associated with carcinoid syndrome. In this prospective, randomized study, patients with evidence of carcinoid tumor and ≥4 bowel movements (BMs)/day despite stable-dose octreotide LAR depot therapy were enrolled in sequential, escalating, cohorts of four patients per cohort. In each cohort, one patient was randomly assigned to placebo and three patients to telotristat etiprate, at 150, 250, 350, or 500 mg three times a day (tid). In a subsequent cohort, one patient was assigned to placebo and six patients to telotristat etiprate 500 mg tid. Patients were assessed for safety, BM frequency (daily diary), 24 h urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (u5-HIAA), and adequate relief of carcinoid gastrointestinal symptoms (using a weekly questionnaire). Twenty-three patients were treated: 18 received telotristat etiprate and five received placebo. Adverse events were generally mild. Among evaluable telotristat etiprate-treated patients, 5/18 (28%) experienced a ≥30% reduction in BM frequency for ≥2 weeks, 9/16 (56%) experienced biochemical response (≥50% reduction or normalization in 24-h u5-HIAA) at week 2 or 4, and 10/18 (56%) reported adequate relief during at least 1 of the first 4 weeks of treatment. Similar activity was not observed in placebo-treated patients. Telotristat etiprate was well tolerated. Our observations suggest that telotristat etiprate has activity in controlling diarrhea associated with carcinoid syndrome. Further studies confirming these findings are warranted.
Mutations in the canilicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT) gene, a novel ABC transporter, in patients with hyperbilirubinemia II/Dubin-Johnson syndrome (1998)

Members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily are mutated to cause diseases that include cystic fibrosis, hyperinsulinemia, adrenoleukodystrophy, Stargardt disease and multidrug resistance. We recently isolated a novel human member of ABC transporter superfamily as the candidate transporter for the glucuronide and glutathione-conjugated antitumor agents, and found it highly homologous to the rat cmoat gene. consistent with recent findings of defects in the homologous cmoat gene in two rat models of hyperbilirubinemia (TR- and Eisai), we report two deletions and a missense mutation in the active transport family signature region in the gene in patients with hyperbilirubinemia II/Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS; MIM 237500), respectively. These results strongly implicate the cMOAT gene as responsible for the defects in DJS patients.
Regulation of Antitumor Immune Responses by the IL‐12 Family Cytokines, IL‐12, IL‐23, and IL‐27 (2010)

The interleukin (IL)-12 family, which is composed of heterodimeric cytokines including IL-12, IL-23, and IL-27, is produced by antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells and plays critical roles in the regulation of helper T (Th) cell differentiation. IL-12 induces IFN-γ production by NK and T cells and differentiation to Th1 cells. IL-23 induces IL-17 production by memory T cells and expands and maintains inflammatory Th17 cells. IL-27 induces the early Th1 differentiation and generation of IL-10-producing regulatory T cells. In addition, these cytokines induce distinct immune responses to tumors. IL-12 activates signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT)4 and enhances antitumor cellular immunity through interferon (IFN)-γ production. IL-27 activates STAT1, as does IFN-γ and STAT3 as well, and enhances antitumor immunity by augmenting cellular and humoral immunities. In contrast, although exogenously overexpressed IL-23 enhances antitumor immunity via memory T cells, endogenous IL-23 promotes protumor immunity through STAT3 activation by inducing inflammatory responses including IL-17 production.
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to vaccinia virus antigens but not HIV-1 subtype E envelope protein seen in HIV-1 seronegative Thais. (2001)

The HIV-1 prime boost phase I/II vaccine trial using a recombinant canarypox vector, vCP1521, containing subtype E env (gp120), and subtype B env (gp41), gag and protease has started in Thailand. We have demonstrated that although 4 from 15 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seronegative Individuals showed cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to vaccinia virus antigens, none of them showed specific CTL responses to subtype E Env after in vitro stimulation. This preliminary study suggests that specific CTL responses to subtype E envelope detected in HIV-1 seronegative Individuals after vaccination should be considered as specific responses to the immunization.
An experimental investigation of enzyme release from poly(vinyl alcohol) crosslinked microspheres (1995)

Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) particles were prepared by the addition of glutaraldehyde into a PVA methanol/water solution in the presence of 0.2 N sulphuric acid. The polymer solution was dispersed in mineral oil in a jacketed vessel, with the aid of a six-blade impeller. Spherical crosslinked particles in the size range 30-80 microns were obtained by varying the degree of agitation or/and the amount of suspending agent. The crosslinked particles, after washing and drying, were placed into a protease enzyme solution for loading. The enzyme-containing water-swollen particles were subsequently removed from the solution and the enzyme release kinetics determined by a UV spectrophotometer. The influence of the degree of crosslinking, ionic strength, pH, particle size, and degree of hydrophilicity of the polymer on the enzyme activity was retained during the adsorption-desorption studies. The release behaviour of enzymes from crosslinked PVA particles exhibited a biphasic kinetic model, with an initial fast release followed by a much slower release rate.
A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping. IV. Nested analyses with cladogram uncertainty and recombination. (1993)

We previously developed an analytical strategy based on cladistic theory to identify subsets of haplotypes that are associated with significant phenotypic deviations. Our initial approach was limited to segments of DNA in which little recombination occurs. In such cases, a cladogram can be constructed from the restriction site data to estimate the evolutionary steps that interrelate the observed haplotypes to one another. The cladogram is then used to define a nested statistical design for identifying mutational steps associated with significant phenotypic deviations. The central assumption behind this strategy is that a mutation responsible for a particular phenotypic effect is embedded within the evolutionary history that is represented by the cladogram. The power of this approach depends on the accuracy of the cladogram in portraying the evolutionary history of the DNA region. This accuracy can be diminished both by recombination and by uncertainty in the estimated cladogram topology. In a previous paper, we presented an algorithm for estimating the set of likely claodgrams and recombination events. In this paper we present an algorithm for defining a nested statistical design under cladogram uncertainty and recombination. Given the nested design, phenotypic associations can be examined using either a nested analysis of variance (for haploids or homozygous strains) or permutation testing (for outcrossed, diploid gene regions). In this paper we also extend this analytical strategy to include categorical phenotypes in addition to quantitative phenotypes. Some worked examples are presented using Drosophila data sets. These examples illustrate that having some recombination may actually enhance the biological inferences that may derived from a cladistic analysis. In particular, recombination can be used to assign a physical localization to a given subregion for mutations responsible for significant phenotypic effects.
Distribution of fungal biomass among fine bran, coarase bran, and flour from wheat stored at four different moisture levels. (1991)

The fungal content of flour, fine bran, and coarse bran from wheat stored at moisture contents of 12, 16, 20, and 25% was determined as numbers of colony-forming units and as ergosterol levels. The ...
RIKEN Integrated Sequence Analysis (RISA) System---384-Format Sequencing Pipeline with 384 Multicapillary Sequencer (2000)

The RIKEN high-throughput 384-format sequencing pipeline (RISA system) including a 384-multicapillary sequencer (the so-called RISA sequencer) was developed for the RIKEN mouse encyclopedia project. The RISA system consists of colony picking, template preparation, sequencing reaction, and the sequencing process. A novel high-throughput 384-format capillary sequencer system (RISA sequencer system) was developed for the sequencing process. This system consists of a 384-multicapillary auto sequencer (RISA sequencer), a 384-multicapillary array assembler (CAS), and a 384-multicapillary casting device. The RISA sequencer can simultaneously analyze 384 independent sequencing products. The optical system is a scanning system chosen after careful comparison with an image detection system for the simultaneous detection of the 384-capillary array. This scanning system can be used with any fluorescent-labeled sequencing reaction (chain termination reaction), including transcriptional sequencing based on RNA polymerase, which was originally developed by us, and cycle sequencing based on thermostable DNA polymerase. For long-read sequencing, 380 out of 384 sequences (99.2%) were successfully analyzed and the average read length, with more than 99% accuracy, was 654.4 bp. A single RISA sequencer can analyze 216 kb with >99% accuracy in 2.7 h (90 kb/h). For short-read sequencing to cluster the 3' end and 5' end sequencing by reading 350 bp, 384 samples can be analyzed in 1.5 h. We have also developed a RISA inoculator, RISA filtrator and densitometer, RISA plasmid preparator which can handle throughput of 40,000 samples in 17.5 h, and a high-throughput RISA thermal cycler which has four 384-well sites. The combination of these technologies allowed us to construct the RISA system consisting of 16 RISA sequencers, which can process 50,000 DNA samples per day. One haploid genome shotgun sequence of a higher organism, such as human, mouse, rat, domestic animals, and plants, can be revealed by seven RISA systems within one month.
Genome type analysis of Brazilian adenovirus strains of serotypes 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 collected between 1976 and 1995 (1999)

A collection of 92 epidemiologically unrelated isolates of Ad1 (n = 14), Ad2 (n = 29), Ad3 (n = 19), Ad5 (n = 16), and Ad7 (n = 14) collected in the cities of Belem do Pará (1 degree S 48 degrees W) and Rio de Janeiro (23 degrees S 43 degrees W) between 1976 and 1995 from patients with respiratory disease and conjunctivitis were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis of genomic DNA. Among the strains of subgenus B, two different genome types of serotype 7, 7b and 7e, were identified. The analysis of their temporal distribution throughout the study period suggested an alternating appearance of these two DNA variants. Only one genome type of Ad3, 3p, was detected during the sampling period. Further analysis with Xba I, Bcl I, and Hpa I indicated that it is a p1-like genome type. Both previously described and new genomic variants were identified among subgenus C strains. Genome types D1, D7, D10, and one not previously described were identified among the 14 Ad1 strains analyzed. Genome types D2, D5, D25, and 13 new DNA variants were identified among the 29 Ad2 isolates. Genome type D38 and 5 new variants were found among the 16 strains of Ad5. In spite of the relatively small size of the sample analyzed, the results of this study confirm the important genetic variability previously observed for members of subgenus C by other authors.
Intelligent database retrieval by visual reasoning (2002)

The authors introduce the concept of personalized user profile for very large databases, as well as the VisualNet model as a representation for such a user profile. A user profile is a small and dynamic structure which contains the user's knowledge of the database, serves as a starting point for the user's access to the database, and supports intelligent database accesses. The basic idea is that a user usually accesses only a very small and stable region of a very large database, and therefore, the size of the user profile is much smaller than the whole database view. It is hoped that most of the user's database search can be conducted in the user profile. Techniques for automatic construction and maintenance of user profiles are discussed. A set of visual reasoning algorithms is presented to support intelligent and interactive user's queries to the database, as well as to coordinate the search between the user profile and the global database.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Methylation of Serum DNA Is an Independent Prognostic Marker in Colorectal Cancer (2006)

These data show that the methylation status of specific genes in the serum of patients with colorectal cancer has the potential to become a pretherapeutic predictor of outcome.
What are regulatory B cells? (2010)

B cells are now acknowledged to play multiple roles in the immune response, in addition to making antibodies. Their role in regulating T-cell responses during inflammation has come into focus recently. Thus, IL-10 production by B cells has been shown to be important in limiting auto-reactive and pathogen-driven immune pathology; however, the exact identity of the regulatory B cells remains elusive; do they belong to a committed subset or can all B cells regulate given the appropriate inducing stimuli? A study in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology provides insight into the IL-10-producing B cells in humans, suggesting that many B cells have the capacity to make IL-10 when optimally stimulated via the BCR and TLR9. Despite producing significant amounts of inflammatory cytokines as well, these B cells suppress T-cell proliferation. This Commentary places this study in the context of what we think we know about regulatory B cells and more importantly highlights the questions we still need to answer.
Highly sensitive SIV plasma viral load assay: practical considerations, realistic performance expectations, and application to reverse engineering of vaccines for AIDS (2005)

As new assay methods for quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), such as real time RT-PCR techniques, approach theoretical limits of per reaction sensitivity, further increments in the sensitivity of measurements of viral load can only be achieved by increasing the amount of input RNA per reaction. We describe a robust, convenient, rapid integrated approach for specimen preparation and real time RT-PCR assay for plasma simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) RNA viral load that provides a threshold sensitivity of 10 copy Eq/ml, and tolerates less than optimally processed specimens. The method provides accurate quantitation of viral load for the SIV virus isolates in common use for non-human primate studies. We demonstrate the utility of the method in sensitively tracking viral load in an animal showing effective control of viral replication to levels below the threshold for quantitation in conventional assays.