gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Postnatal repression of the alpha-fetoprotein gene is enhancer independent. (1989)

The mammalian liver undergoes a number of dramatic changes in gene expression during development. One of these is typified by the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene, which is activated in the fetal liver but undergoes a transcriptional decline at birth. In contrast, although activated at the same time during fetal development, albumin gene transcription is maintained at high levels in adult animals. To determine whether the postnatal decline in AFP gene transcription is mediated through its distal enhancers or through more proximal elements surrounding the promoter or structural gene, chimeric genes bearing substitutions of albumin gene cis-acting elements for the equivalent AFP gene elements were introduced into the germ line of mice. The expression of the transgenes was then analyzed at various stages of development. Our results indicate that the AFP gene enhancers are not involved in the postnatal decline in AFP transcription. Rather, a region within the first kilobase of DNA upstream of the AFP gene, including its promoter, and/or portions of the structural gene is sufficient to direct postnatal repression of the gene.
Immunogenicity and Protective Immunity against Bubonic Plague and Pneumonic Plague by Immunization of Mice with the Recombinant V10 Antigen, a Variant of LcrV (2006)

In contrast to Yersinia pestis LcrV, the recombinant V10 (rV10) variant (lacking residues 271 to 300) does not suppress the release of proinflammatory cytokines by immune cells. Immunization with rV10 generates robust antibody responses that protect mice against bubonic plague and pneumonic plague, suggesting that rV10 may serve as an improved plague vaccine.
Glycolipid antigen induces long-term natural killer T cell anergy in mice (2005)

Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the MHC class I-related glycoprotein CD1d. The in vivo dynamics of the NKT cell population in response to glycolipid activation remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a single administration of the synthetic glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) induces long-term NKT cell unresponsiveness in mice. NKT cells failed to proliferate and produce IFN-gamma upon alpha-GalCer restimulation but retained the capacity to produce IL-4. Consequently, we found that activation of anergic NKT cells with alpha-GalCer exacerbated, rather than prevented, B16 metastasis formation, but that these cells retained their capacity to protect mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. NKT cell anergy was induced in a thymus-independent manner and maintained in an NKT cell-autonomous manner. The anergic state could be broken by IL-2 and by stimuli that bypass proximal TCR signaling events. Collectively, the kinetics of initial NKT cell activation, expansion, and induction of anergy in response to alpha-GalCer administration resemble the responses of conventional T cells to strong stimuli such as superantigens. Our findings have important implications for the development of NKT cell-based vaccines and immunotherapies.
The tumor suppressor p53 and the oncoprotein simian virus 40 T antigen bind to overlapping domains on the MDM2 protein. (1993)

The oncogene mdm2 has been found to be amplified in human sarcomas, and the gene product binds to the tumor suppressor p53. In this report, we describe the dissection of the MDM2-binding domain on p53 as well as the p53-binding domain on MDM2. We also demonstrate that the oncoprotein simian virus 40 T antigen binds to the product of cellular oncogene mdm2. We have constructed several N- and C-terminal deletion mutants of p53 and MDM2, expressed them in vitro, and assayed their in vitro association capability. The N-terminal boundary of the p53-binding domain on MDM2 is between amino acids 1 and 58, while the C-terminal boundary is between amino acids 221 and 155. T antigen binds to an overlapping domain on the MDM2 protein. On the other hand, the MDM2-binding domain of p53 is defined by amino acids 1 and 159 at the N terminus. At the C terminus, binding is progressively reduced as amino acids 327 to 145 are deleted. We determined the effect of human MDM2 on the transactivation ability of wild-type human p53 in the Saos-2 osteosarcoma cell line, which does not have any endogenous p53. Human MDM2 inhibited the ability of human p53 to transactivate the promoter with p53-binding sites. Thus, human MDM2 protein, like the murine protein, can inactivate the transactivation ability of human p53. Interestingly, both the transactivation domain and the MDM2-binding domain of p53 are situated near the N terminus. We further show that deletion of the N-terminal 58 amino acids of MDM2, which eliminates p53 binding, also abolishes the capability of inactivating p53-mediated transactivation. This finding suggests a correlation of in vitro p53-MDM2 binding with MDM2's ability in vivo to interfere with p53-mediated transactivation.
Reliability and microstructure of Au-Al and Au-Cu direct bonding fabricated by the Surface Activated Bonding (2003)

SAB (Surface Activated Bonding) method has been introduced as the most appropriate interconnection method for the next generation of electronic packaging because of room temperature process and other advantages. Thus it is important to study the reliability of SAB interconnection in long term life test. In this paper, SAB interconnection interface between An and Al or Cu during high temperature thermal aging was investigated. The degradation of interface microstructure, and some properties for the interconnection during aging process were studied to investigate the failure mechanism of the interconnection. IMC (Intermetallic compounds) layer of Au-Al or Au-Cu were found formed during thermal aging, and that caused the failure mode of the interconnection changing in shear test. The results reveal that SAB method is highly reliable compared with other high temperature bonding methods such as wire bonding and soldering as there is no IMC layer in bonding process for SAB whereas others have.
Atom Transfer Radical Dispersion Polymerization of Styrene in Ethanol (2007)

An atom transfer radical dispersion polymerization of styrene in ethanol was successfully carried out with the formation of uniform sized particles. This was accomplished by using a “two-stage” polymerization technique, in which the first stage involves a standard free radical polymerization and the second a controlled/living radical polymerization. The required nucleation stage was completed in a relatively short period, and therefore particles with uniform size were achieved. The particles contained polymers with molecular weight ∼20 000 g/mol and relatively low polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 1.4−1.8, compared with Mw/Mn = 4−5 from conventional dispersion polymerization), indicating a high fraction of retained chain-end functionality which can be readily employed for further modification of the particles. Monodisperse cross-linked polystyrene particles were also synthesized using the same technique; these particles were successfully chain-extended with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, thereby modifying the surface properties of the particles.
4-Bromocrotonic acid, an effective inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation and ketone body degradation in rat heart mitochondria. On the rate-determining step of beta-oxidation and ketone body degradation in heart. (1982)

4-Bromocrotonic acid was found to effectively inhibit respiration supported by either palmitoylcarnitine or acetoacetate in coupled rat heart mitochondria. Partial inhibition was observed when 3-hydroxybutyrate served as a substrate, whereas pyruvate-supported respiration was unaffected by the inhibitor. Thus, 4-bromocrotonic acid inhibits fatty acid oxidation and ketone body degradation. When the enzymes of beta-oxidation and ketone body degradation were assayed in mitochondria preincubated with 4-bromocrotonic acid, only 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase were found to be inactive. Evidence is presented for the enzymatic conversion of 4-bromocrotonic acid to 3-keto-4-bromobutyryl-CoA which effectively inhibits both thiolases. A kinetic evaluation of the inhibitions caused by 4-bromocrotonic acid in coupled rat heart mitochondria demonstrated that 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase and respiration supported by palmitoyl carnitine are inactivated at equal rates. However, acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase was inactivated more rapidly than was respiration supported by acetoacetate. It is suggested that the thiolase-catalyzed step is rate-limiting in beta-oxidation or is as slow as other reactions are. In contrast the thiolytic cleavage of acetoacetyl-CoA does not seem to be rate-limiting in ketone body degradation.
Multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study of gadopentetate dimeglumine as an MR contrast agent: evaluation in patients with cerebral lesions (1989)

A multicenter double-blind randomized study was designed to evaluate and compare the safety and diagnostic efficacy of gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) (0.1 mmol/kg) against a saline placebo for use as an IV contrast agent for MR. The randomization code provided for a 2:1 ratio of Gd-DTPA and saline patients. Six investigators studied 88 patients with signs and symptoms of a cerebral lesion. Although safety data were complete in all 88 cases, only 83 had valid efficacy data (57 received Gd-DTPA, 26 placebo). Three patients were excluded from efficacy evaluation because of incomplete scans or scans with severe motion artifacts. Two patients were excluded for protocol variations (did not have a mass lesion). The protocol required that spin-echo MR images be acquired both before and after infusion at mode 1, 500/30/2 (TR/TE/excitations), and at a single-echo mode 2 sequence within a selected range, 1500-2000/56-90/2. Additional TEs could also be used at the discretion of each investigator. Efficacy was determined by comparing post- with preinjection images for relative degree of enhancement and improvement of diagnostic ability after injection, and by comparing these results with placebo results. Enhancement was reported in 43 (75%) of 57 Gd-DTPA patients and in none of the 26 placebo patients. Improvement of diagnostic ability was noted in 37 of 57 Gd-DTPA patients and in no placebo patients. Of 17 patients receiving Gd-DTPA for whom no diagnosis could be made before infusion, nine of 17 were diagnosed after infusion. By comparison, none of five patients not diagnosed before infusion of placebo could be diagnosed after infusion. Of 43 patients in whom lesion enhancement was observed after Gd-DTPA infusion, the diagnosis changed after infusion in 16 (37%) and the number of lesions detected after infusion increased in 10 (23%). Safety studies showed no clinically significant abnormal trends. Minor changes in blood pressure, pulse, and serum iron levels were noted in a higher percentage of Gd-DTPA patients. This study confirms that Gd-DTPA is an efficacious contrast agent for use with MR and that it exhibits excellent patient tolerance. Enhancement allows for a decisive diagnosis to be made in selected cases in which such capability had previously been lacking with unenhanced MR.
IκBα Degradation and Nuclear Factor-κB DNA Binding Are Insufficient for Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-induced κB-dependent Transcription (1998)

Two closely related IkappaBalpha kinases as well as the upstream kinase, NIK, which integrates interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)- and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-dependent activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB have recently been described. However, in this emerging pathway the role of previously identified components of cytokine-induced NF-kappaB activation, namely phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C and protein kinase C, remains unclear. We now show that, in A549 human alveolar epithelial cells, the activation of a stably transfected NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene by TNF-alpha and IL-1beta is completely blocked by the phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C inhibitor D609 and the protein kinase C inhibitor RO31-8220. However, IL-1beta-induced IkappaBalpha degradation as well as NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and DNA binding, as determined by Western blot and electro-mobility shift assay, respectively, are not affected by these inhibitors. A similar effect, although less pronounced, is observed with the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB 203580. On the basis of these data we propose the existence of a second signaling pathway induced by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha that is activated in parallel to the cascade leading to IkappaBalpha degradation and is specifically required for NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional competency.
Botulinum Toxin Chemo-Denervation for Strabismus in Infants and Children (1984)

Fifteen children and five infants with short follow-up show chemo-denervation with botulinum toxin to be a safe and effective alternative to surgery.
Role of peroxynitrite and activation of poly (ADP‐ribose) synthetase in the vascular failure induced by zymosan‐activated plasma (1997)

1. Zymosan is a wall component of the yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. Injection of zymosan into experimental animals is known to produce an intense inflammatory response. Recent studies demonstrated that the zymosan-induced inflammatory response in vivo can be ameliorated by inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis. The cytotoxic effects of NO are, in part, mediated by the oxidant preoxynitrite and subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS). In the present in vitro study, we have investigated the cellular mechanisms of vascular failure elicited by zymosan-activated plasma and the contribution of peroxynitrite production and activation of PARS to the changes. 2. Incubation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells with zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP) induced the production of nitrite, the breakdown product of NO, due to the expression of the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) over 6 24 h. In addition, ZAP triggered the production of peroxynitrite in these cells, as measured by the oxidation of the fluorescent dye dihydrorhodamine 123 and by nitrotyrosine Western blotting. 3. Incubation of the smooth muscle cells with ZAP induced DNA single strand breakage and PARS activation. These effects were reduced by inhibition of NOS with NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA, 3 mM), and by glutathione (3 mM), a scavenger of peroxynitrite. The PARS inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (1 mM) inhibited the ZAP-induced activation of PARS. 4. Incubation of thoracic aortae with ZAP in vitro caused a reduction of the contractions of the blood vessels to noradrenaline (vascular hyporeactivity) and elicited a reduced responsiveness to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (endothelial dysfunction). 5. Preincubation of the thoracic aortae with L-NMA (1 mM), glutathione (3 mM) or by the PARS inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (1 mM) prevented the development of vascular hyporeactivity in response to ZAP. Moreover, glutathione and 3-aminobenzamide treatment protected against the ZAP-induced development of endothelial dysfunction. The PARS-related loss of the vascular contractility was evident at 30 min after incubation in endothelium-intact, but not in endothelium-denuded vessels and also manifested at 6 h after incubation with ZAP in endothelium-denuded rings. The acute response is probably related, therefore, to peroxynitrite formation (involving the endothelial NO synthase), whereas the delayed response may be related to the expression of iNOS in the smooth muscle. 6. The data obtained suggest that zymosan-activated plasma causes vascular dysfunction by inducing the simultaneous formation of superoxide and NO. These radicals combine to form peroxynitrite, which, in turn causes DNA injury and PARS activation. The protective effect of 3-aminobenzamide demonstrates that PARS activation contributes both to the development of vascular hyporeactivity and endothelial dysfunction during the vascular failure induced by ZAP.
Cholesterol and Companions. IV. Oxidation of ▵7-Stenols with Selenium Dioxide (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCholesterol and Companions. IV. Oxidation of ▵7-Stenols with Selenium DioxideLouis F. Fieser and Guy OurissonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 18, 4404–4414Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01114a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01114a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views417Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation des klinisch-chemischen Analysensystems Technicon DAX 72 (1992)

A unicentric evaluation of the Technicon DAX 72 clinical chemistry analyser was performed for 15 analytes in accordance to the ECCLS guidelines.The analytical performance of the instrument was excellent with respect to within-run and between-days imprecision, linearity, drift, throughput and correlation of results to those of the comparison instrument.Despite its enormous capacities, the instrument is easy to handle and simple to maintain; it performed reliably during the evaluation and was well accepted by the laboratory staff.
A data placement service for petascale applications (2007)

We examine the use of policy-driven data placement services to improve the performance of data-intensive, petascale applications in high performance distributed computing environments. In particular, we are interested in using an asynchronous data placement service to stage data in and out of application workflows efficiently as well as to distribute and replicate data according to Virtual Organization policies. We propose a data placement service architecture and describe our implementation of one layer of this architecture, which provides efficient, priority-based bulk data transfers.
Protective effect and mechanism of Chinese Asparagus on damaged rat's heart induced by chronic radiation (2011)

Objective: To study the protective Effect and mechanism of Chinese Asparagus on damaged rat's heart induced by chronic radiation.Methods: SD rats were irradiated by 200 mGy×50 times,the treatment group were administered by gavage with different dose of the Chinese Asparagus.Activity of SOD was measured by SOD kit with thiobarbituric acid method and the contents of MDA were measured by xanthine oxidase method.The expression of c-myc mRNA and c-myc protein of the heart were detected by Real-time PCR and Western-blot.Results: Compared with control group,the Chinese Asparagus can increased the activity of SOD and decreased the contents of MDA(P0.05).The Chinese Asparagus can effectively decreased the expression of c-myc mRNA and protein significantly(P0.05).Conclusion: The protective mechanism of Chinese Asparagus on the heart of chronic radiation damage may be relevant to the decreased expression of c-myc.
Electroporation of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides: a novel technique for ex vivo bone marrow purging (1996)

Recent data suggest that tumor cells contaminating reinfused bone marrow may contribute to relapse in patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation. Purging strategies that are able to remove these contaminating tumor cells need to be developed. This study describes how electroporation (EP) can be used to improve intracellular delivery of synthetic antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), thereby enhancing their ability to suppress a target protein. Antisense ODNs that were introduced into cells by EP led to immediate suppression of targeted c-myc protein; this was associated with rapid cell death in the diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, U937; Burkitt's lymphoma, ST486; breast carcinoma, MCF-7; and Ewing's sarcoma, CHP-100, cell lines. Electroporation was found to have little or no detrimental effect on cells responsible for murine hematopoietic long-term reconstitution as determined from in vivo competitive repopulation studies. Using human c-myc-directed antisense ODNs as a model for the application of this approach to bone marrow purging, selective killing of human lymphoma U937 cells relative to normal human bone marrow cells was shown in cell mixing studies. In vivo studies were performed in which a survival advantage was shown for athymic mice that were inoculated with antisense-treated U937 cells as opposed to control cells. These studies suggest that EP of bone marrow may be of use in enhancing intracellular delivery of a variety of molecular/pharmaceutical agents. Taken together, these data suggest that the use of electroporation to enhance delivery of antisense ODNs is a promising new approach towards ex vivo bone marrow purging.
Photooxidation of thiols in self-assembled monolayers on gold (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotooxidation of thiols in self-assembled monolayers on goldJingyu Huang and John C. HemmingerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8, 3342–3343Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00061a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00061a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1590Altmetric-Citations222LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts