gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Dynamic Pressures at the Shoe-Foot Interface During Normal Walking with Various Foot Orthoses Using the FSCAN System (1996)

Foot orthoses are routinely used in clinical practice to redistribute pressure at the shoe-foot interface, although there is very little scientific evidence to support the efficacy of their use. In this study, the FSCAN sensor (an ultrathin in-shoe transducer) was used to determine the efficacy of pressure redistribution with a Plastizote, Spenco, cork, and a plastic foot orthosis as compared with control (no orthosis). Measurement variations of up to 18% occurred between sensors, and changes in stance time of up to 5% occurred between the orthoses and the control conditions. In spite of these potentially confounding variables, statistically significant differences in peak pressure between the orthotic types and the control condition (range, 9-146%) were noted. We conclude that Plastizote, cork, and plastic foot orthoses can be beneficial in relieving pressure in certain regions of the shoe-foot interface, but that they may do so at the cost of increasing pressure in other areas of the plantar surface.
Antitumor effects of a soluble insulin-like growth factor I receptor in human ovarian cancer cells: advantage of recombinant protein administration in vivo. (2003)

Antitumor effects of a soluble form dominant negative of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) designated as 486/STOP were evaluated in CaOV-3 human ovarian cancer cells by establishing stable transformants overexpressing 486/STOP and by administration of 486/STOP recombinant protein. Expression of 486/STOP was detected from total cell lysates, as well as conditioned media collected from stable transformants. In stable transformants, growth in monolayer was slightly retarded, and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo were markedly inhibited. Addition of conditioned media from 486/STOP cells inhibited anchorage-independent growth of parental cells. Although tumorigenicity of parental cells in vivo was abrogated when they were cocultured in monolayer with 486/STOP cells over 48 h before injection to nude mice, coinjection of parental cells and 486/STOP cells without preculture was not successful. In contrast, administration of 486/STOP partially purified recombinant protein inhibited tumorigenicity of parental cells in vivo. Because 486/STOP cells result in massive apoptosis in vivo within 48 h, usage of a recombinant protein has a great advantage to use its unique bystander effect in vivo for clinical application.
Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of TiH2 (1973)

The thermal decomposition rate of TiH2 over the temperature range 250–500 °C (523–773 K) in a continuously pumped vacuum system was found to be much slower than predicted from diffusion model calculations. The rate was insensitive to the presence of oxygen in the environment and on the specimen surface; however, small amounts of residual hydrogen in the chamber decreased the rate considerably. The rate controlling process appears to be the reaction between hydrogen atoms to form gaseous molecules on the surface. When specimens were decomposed in flowing helium, the rate was slower than in vacuum, indicating that diffusion of hydrogen through a gaseous boundary layer on the surface can control the rate when a second gas is present.
Effect of temperature on plasma freezing under industrial conditions. (2006)

The European Pharmacopoeia monograph on Human plasma for fractionation does not define the freezing process time but does define the freezing temperature (- 30 degrees C or below). Initial freezing conditions are crucial for the quality of plasma. These conditions were intended to preserve labile proteins such as fVIIl, but they can also be considered favourable for the plasma quality in general. This study evaluates the way the industrial plasma freezing affects labile coagulation factors. We have studied the freezing of plasma in industrial-size chambers at temperatures close to - 30 degrees C, - 25 degrees C and - 20 degrees C, and the possible differences between performing the freezing process in a chamber or in a freezer, in order to elucidate whether or not these parameters affect the quality of plasma. For this study, plasma bottles were frozen in industrial chambers set at - 30 degrees C, - 25 degrees C and - 20 degrees C, and in a freezer set at - 20 degrees C. The freezing rates were followed by means of probes in plasma control bottles. From this plasma, coagulation factors (fVIII, fIX and fibrinogen) were analysed before and after freezing, and cryoprecipitate was obtained in some cases. Statistically significant differences exist in fVIII:C recovery in thawed plasma between freezing at - 30 degrees C and at - 20 degrees C (n = 11; 85.4 +/- 4.3 % versus 74.6 +/- 6.0 % (chamber) or 79.3 +/- 6.3 % (freezer)). There is no difference between - 30 degrees C and - 25 degrees C, or between freezing at - 20 degrees C in a chamber or in a freezer. No significant loss of activity in thawed plasma is observed for fIX and fibrinogen at - 25 degrees C or - 20 degrees C versus - 30 degrees C. The fVIII and vWF recovery in cryoprecipitates does not show differences (464.2 IU fVIII/ml at - 30 degrees C, 446.7 IU fVIII/ml at - 25 degrees C, and 475.8 IU fVIII/ml at - 20 degrees C). The results obtained from this study support that plasma might also be frozen at - 25 degrees C or below without any impact on its quality, and that sporadic and short term deviations, from - 30 degrees C or below up to - 25 degrees C, in the currently required freezing temperature, would not have an effect on the labile factors recovery.
High trap density and long retention time from self-assembled amorphous Si nanocluster floating gate nonvolatile memory (2006)

The memory performance of floating gate nonvolatile memory based on amorphous Si (a-Si) nanoclusters self-assembled during low-temperature oxidation is investigated. A 2nm thick a-Si layer was grown on a top of a 5.6nm thick thermal oxide tunneling layer by ultrahigh vacuum ion beam sputter deposition and subsequently oxidized by annealing in flowing N2∕O2 (9:1) environment for 0–540s at 900°C. After oxidation, a 14nm thick Al2O3 control oxide layer was grown by atomic layer deposition. The authors find that the a-Si layer breaks up upon oxidation, self-assembling into a dense array of &amp;lt;3nm sized a-Si nanoclusters separated by thermal oxide after 180s. This combination of discrete Si nanoclusters separated by thermal oxide and modest thermal budget enabled by the use of amorphous cluster enables achieving a trap density in the excess of 1013cm−2 and a retention time of &amp;gt;1000s at at 150°C.
Phosphodiesterase-5A dysregulation in penile erectile tissue is a mechanism of priapism (2005)

The molecular mechanism for priapism is not well characterized. Although the nitric oxide (NO) pathway is known to mediate penile erection under normal conditions, we hypothesized that the mechanism of priapism rests in aberrant downstream signaling of this pathway based on our previous findings that mice lacking the gene for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS-/-) and mice lacking both neuronal NOS (nNOS) and eNOS (nNOS-/-, eNOS-/-) have a tendency for priapic activity. We investigated the role of downstream guanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5A) expression and function in mediating these responses in eNOS-/- and nNOS-/-, eNOS-/- mice. Erectile responses to both cavernous nerve stimulation and intracavernosal injection of the NO donor diethylamine-NONOate were augmented in eNOS-/- and nNOS-/-, eNOS-/- mice but not in WT or nNOS-/- mice. PDE5A protein expression and activity and cGMP levels were significantly lower in eNOS-/- and nNOS-/-, eNOS-/- mice, and this effect was reproduced in WT corpus cavernosum exposed to NOS inhibitors. Moreover, cavernous nerve stimulation was associated with a marked augmentation of cavernosal cGMP levels, suggesting that, although lower at baseline, the production of cGMP is unchecked in eNOS-/- and nNOS-/-, eNOS-/- mice upon neurostimulation. Transfection of eNOS-/- mice with an adenovirus encoding eNOS resulted in a normalization of PDE5A protein and activity as well as a correction of priapic activity. Coupled with the observation that sickle cell disease mice (which show a priapism phenotype) evince dysregulated PDE5A expression/activity, these data suggest that PDE5A dysregulation is a fundamental mechanism for priapism.
Monitoring chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression by whole genome sequencing reveals heterogeneous clonal evolution patterns (2012)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is characterized by relapse after treatment and chemotherapy resistance. Similarly, in other malignancies leukemia cells accumulate mutations during growth, forming heterogeneous cell populations that are subject to Darwinian selection and may respond differentially to treatment. There is therefore a clinical need to monitor changes in the subclonal composition of cancers during disease progression. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing to track subclonal heterogeneity in 3 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients subjected to repeated cycles of therapy. We reveal different somatic mutation profiles in each patient and use these to establish probable hierarchical patterns of subclonal evolution, to identify subclones that decline or expand over time, and to detect founder mutations. We show that clonal evolution patterns are heterogeneous in individual patients. We conclude that genome sequencing is a powerful and sensitive approach to monitor disease progression repeatedly at the molecular level. If applied to future clinical trials, this approach might eventually influence treatment strategies as a tool to individualize and direct cancer treatment.
Specifying conflict of interest in web services endpoint language (WSEL) (2002)

A Web service is an autonomous unit of application logic that provides either some business functionalities or information to other applications through an Internet connection. A business process contains a set of activities, and service locators assign an appropriate Web service for each activity.Recently IBM proposed a new XML language called Web Services Endpoint Language (WSEL) for describing endpoint properties of Web services. Web services will be described through endpoint properties by the appropriate extensibility elements in WSEL in order to facilitate the processes of matchmaking and delegation.It is obvious that security issues are important endpoint properties at Web services.This paper extends the WSEL to specify the conflict of interest in the processes of matchmaking and delegation as one of the endpoint properties.In addition to this, this paper also introduces the concepts of separation of duties and security risk factor in the Web service assignments.
Design of a Low-power and Small-area Approximate Multiplier using First the Approximate and then the Accurate Compression Method (2019)

Recently emerging applications, such as convolution neural networks (CNNs), which process thousands of convolutional computations, require a large amount of power. Multiplication is the key arithmetic in these applications and an approximate multiplier has the potential to reduce both power and area. In this study, first, we propose the approximate and, then, the accurate compression method for an 8-bit multiplier. The proposed compression method single handedly reduces eight rows of partial products into three and, then, thoroughly processes the rows into two. Comparison of the conventional Wallace tree multiplier demonstrates that the proposed approximate multiplier with the compression reduces power and area by 73.7% and 60.3%, respectively. In addition, compared with two existing low-power approximate multipliers, the proposed multiplier achieves higher reductions than these state-of-the-art multipliers relative to power, area, and delay, with undegraded accuracy. These improvements can be also found from the results of a popular CNN application.
Preliminary Results After Application of Absorbable Metal Stents in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia (2005)

After 3 months, the primary clinical patency and limb salvage rates suggest a potentially promising performance of these AMS devices in the treatment of below-knee lesions in CLI patients.
Fused One-vs-All Features With Semantic Alignments for Fine-Grained Visual Categorization (2015)

Fine-grained visual categorization is an emerging research area and has been attracting growing attention recently. Due to the large inter-class similarity and intra-class variance, it is extremely challenging to recognize objects in fine-grained domains. A traditional spatial pyramid matching model could obtain desirable results for the basic-level category classification by weak alignment, but may easily fail in fine-grained domains, since the discriminative features are extremely localized. This paper proposes a new framework for fine-grained visual categorization. First, an efficient part localization method incorporates semantic prior into geometric alignment. It detects the less deformable parts, such as the head of birds with a template-based model, and localizes other highly deformable parts with simple geometric alignment. Second, we learn one-vs-all features, which are simple and transplantable. The learned mid-level features are dimension friendly and more robust to outlier instances. Furthermore, in view that some subcategories are too similar to tell them apart easily, we fuse the subcategories iteratively according to their similarities, and learn fused one-vs-all features. Experimental results show the superior performance of our algorithms over the existing methods.
Carbamate Analogues of Fumagillin as Potent, Targeted Inhibitors of Methionine Aminopeptidase-2 (2009)

Inhibition of methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP2) represents a novel approach to antiangiogenic therapy. We describe the synthesis and activity of fumagillin analogues that address the pharmacokinetic and safety liabilities of earlier candidates in this compound class. Two-step elaboration of fumagillol with amines yielded a diverse series of carbamates at C6 of the cyclohexane spiroepoxide. The most potent of these compounds exhibited subnanomolar inhibition of cell proliferation in HUVEC and BAEC assays. Although a range of functionalities were tolerated at this position, alpha-trisubstituted amines possessed markedly decreased inhibitory activity, and this could be rationalized by modeling based on the known fumagillin-MetAP2 crystal structure. The lead compound resulting from these studies, (3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-methoxy-4-((2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxiran-2-yl)-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-6-yl (R)-1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-ylcarbamate, (PPI-2458), demonstrated an improved pharmacokinetic profile relative to the earlier clinical candidate TNP-470, and has advanced into phase I clinical studies in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and solid cancers.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutations and Increased Copy Numbers Predict Gefitinib Sensitivity in Patients With Recurrent Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2005)

EGFR mutations and increased copy numbers were significantly associated with better clinical outcome in gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients.
Hip surgery sequentially induces stress hyperglycaemia and activates coagulation. (2009)

These observations indicate that total hip replacement surgery causes an increase in glucose levels that precedes the proportional rise of the measured coagulation parameters. This suggests a possible role of glucose in the activation of the coagulation system during hip surgery.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Direct Multi-element Analysis of Diluted Human Blood and Serum (1997)

A method for the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) multi-element analysis of diluted human blood and serum was used for the following elements: Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Se, Rb, Mo, Rh, Pd, Cd, Sn, Sb, W, Pt, Hg, Tl and Pb. Sample pretreatment was a simple dilution (ten times for blood and five times for serum) with a solution containing 5 g l -1 of 25% ammonia, 0.5 g l -1 Triton X-100, and 0.5 g l -1 EDTA in Millipore water. In and Sc were used as internal standards. For sample introduction a flow-injection-type technique (based on time instead of volume) was used. The determinations were carried out first in a peak-jumping mode for selected masses, and then in a scanning mode. Each determination of a preparation took 75 s. The results for reference samples agreed with recommended or certified values for Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Cd, Tl and Pb in blood, and for Rb, Mo and Cd in serum. For Ni and Hg in blood, and Cu and Zn in serum, the results agreed with one of two reference samples. The detection limits for all these elements (except for Tl) were sufficient for analysis of samples from the general population. On the other hand, the results for Se in blood, and for Co, Ni, Se, Sn and Hg in serum did not agree with recommended or certified values. No reference samples are available for Ga, Mo, Rh, Pd, Sn, Sb, W, or Pt in blood, or for Ga, Rh, Pd, W, Pt, or Pb in serum. Generally, the limits of detection for the elements in the latter group (below 0.15 µg l -1 ) are close to or above the levels present in the general population.
Integration, scaling, space-group assignment and post-refinement (2010)

Important steps in the processing of rotation data are described that are common to most software packages. These programs differ in the details and in the methods implemented to carry out the tasks. Here, the working principles underlying the data-reduction package XDS are explained, including the new features of automatic determination of spot size and reflecting range, recognition and assignment of crystal symmetry and a highly efficient algorithm for the determination of correction/scaling factors.
Controlled trial of the prolactin inhibitor bromocriptine (Parlodel) in the treatment of severe cyclical mastalgia (1989)

Fifty pre-menopausal women with severe and persistent cyclical mastalgia entered this randomised, double-blind, parallel group study comparing bromocriptine and placebo. Patients were treated for three months followed by a further three months on the same medication if treatment was satisfactory. Symptoms were assessed before treatment and after one, two and three months of treatment. For patients whose mastalgia was not controlled after three months, the treatment code was broken and either the dose of bromocriptine increased or the patient given active medication instead of placebo. Bromocriptine, compared with placebo, caused a significant (p less than 0.01) and sustained improvement in breast pain, tenderness and nodularity together with a reduction in serum prolactin levels (p less than 0.01). Adverse events were experienced by 9/23 (39 per cent) of patients taking bromocriptine and 2/22 (nine per cent) taking placebo. The majority of side effects reported were mild or moderate. This study shows that bromocriptine, at a dose of 5 mg/day for three months, effectively controls the symptoms of cyclical mastalgia with minimal side effects.
Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide: parallel roles as neural messengers (1998)

Nitric oxide is now appreciated to be a molecule with important signaling functions in the body. The purification and cloning of the first NO synthesizing enzyme, NO synthase (NOS), from brain has led to the characterization of the roles of NO in normal physiology and in pathogenic states. NO synthesis is regulated in a complex manner, involving the association of activatory and inhibitory proteins. The body appears to use at least one other, highly related gas in a signaling function, carbon monoxide (CO). The enzyme responsible for CO biosynthesis in brain, heme oxygenase-2 (HO2), is rapidly regulated by neurotransmitter stimulation. The role for CO as neurotransmitter is suggested by the altered intestinal motility in mice harboring a genomic deletion of HO2.
Millimeter-Wave Vector Signal Generation Based on a Bi-Directional Use of a Polarization Modulator in a Sagnac Loop (2014)

A novel technique to generate a frequency-doubled millimeter-wave (mm-W) vector signal that is immune to fiber chromatic-dispersion-induced power fading and free from interband beating interferences (IBBIs) based on a bi-directional use of a polarization modulator (PolM) in a Sagnac loop is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The fundamental concept of the proposed approach is to use a PolM that is incorporated in a Sagnac loop at which a light wave is modulated by an intermediate-frequency vector signal along one direction and with no modulation along the opposite direction due to the traveling-wave nature of the PolM. The combination of the modulated and un-modulated signals at a photodetector will generate an mm-W signal that is immune to the fiber chromatic-dispersion-induced power fading and free from the IBBIs. The generation of a 100 and a 500 MSym/s 16-QAM signal at 31.5 GHz and the transmission of the signals over a 25-km single-mode fiber are evaluated. An error-free transmission of the 100 MSym/s signal and the transmission of the 500 MSym/s signal with a bit-error-rate below the forward error correction threshold of 3.8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> are achieved.
Report of the National Cancer Institute-sponsored workshop on definitions of diagnosis and response in acute myeloid leukemia. (1990)

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored a workshop to develop a set of standardized diagnostic and response criteria for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) clinical trials. The French-American-British (FAB) classification was retained for diagnosing AML, with the addition of patients with bone marrow morphologic features of a myelodysplastic syndrome and less than 30% bone marrow blasts, but with greater than or equal to 30% blasts in the peripheral blood. In this report, there are four important subgroups of AML not defined in the FAB classification that are discussed: undifferentiated acute leukemia, MO (AML lacking definitive myeloid differentiation by morphology or conventional cytochemistry but with ultrastructural or immunophenotypic evidence for AML), mixed lineage leukemia, and hypocellular AML. Definitions of response for clinical trials are presented to facilitate comparisons among different studies. Complete remission is considered the only response worth reporting in phase III trials, since lesser responses do not improve survival. Partial remissions may be of interest to identify active new agents in phase I and II studies. Monoclonal antibodies and cytogenetic studies are not part of the routine assessment of remission or reassessment at relapse, and their role in the evaluation of patients with AML is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Although we recognize that some of the definitions in this report are arbitrary, generalized use of these guidelines will make results of clinical trials more comparable and interpretable.