gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Clinical trial of copolymer 1 in multiple sclerosis]. (1989)

A synthetic copolymer of amino acids, copolymer 1 (Cop 1), proved to be very effective in suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). It is 1 of a series of synthetic amino acid copolymers which simulate the basic protein constituent of the myelin sheath and the autoantigen responsible for induction of EAE. It cannot induce EAE but it does suppress it in a variety of animals. The immunological cross-reaction between Cop 1 and the basic protein is the basis for this suppressive activity. In view of the resemblance between EAE and MS, clinical trials with Cop 1 in MS were started. The first preliminary clinical trial was at this hospital and involved 4 patients with severe MS. A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial was carried on for 2 years in 50 patients with the exacerbating-remitting form of MS but with a Kurtzke Disability Status Scale rating of no more than 6. There were statistically significant differences in the number of patients with exacerbations in the placebo group, 23, as compared to only 16 in the Cop 1-treated group. As to exacerbations per patient, the 2-year averages were 2.7 and 0.6, respectively. Side-effects of Cop 1 were minimal. These results suggest that Cop 1 may be beneficial when given early in the exacerbating-remitting form of MS. Further trials, necessary to establish its efficacy in MS, are being run at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in NY.
Chemistry of the Diazeniumdiolates. 2. Kinetics and Mechanism of Dissociation to Nitric Oxide in Aqueous Solution (2001)

Diazeniumdiolate ions of structure R(2)N[N(O)NO](-) (1) are of pharmacological interest because they spontaneously generate the natural bioregulatory species, nitric oxide (NO), when dissolved in aqueous media. Here we report the kinetic details for four representative reactivity patterns: (a) straightforward dissociation of the otherwise unfunctionalized diethylamine derivative 2 (anion 1, where R = Et) to diethylamine and NO; (b) results for the zwitterionic piperazin-1-yl analogue 4, for which the protonation state of the neighboring basic amine site is an important determinant of dissociation rate; (c) data for 5, a diazeniumdiolate derived from the polyamine spermine, whose complex rate equation can include terms for a variety of medium effects; and (d) the outcome for triamine 6 (R = CH(2)CH(2)NH(3)(+)), the most stable structure 1 ion identified to date. All of these dissociations are acid-catalyzed, with equilibrium protonation of the substrate preceding release of NO. Specific rate constants and pK(a) values for 2-6 have been determined from pH/rate profiles. Additionally, a hypsochromic shift (from approximately 250 to approximately 230 nm) was observed on acidifying these ions, allowing determination of a separate pK(a) for each substrate. For 6, the pK(a) value obtained kinetically was 2-3 pK(a) units higher than the value obtained from the spectral shift. Comparison of the ultraviolet spectra for 6 at various pH values with those for O- and N-alkylated diazeniumdiolates suggests that protonation at the R(2)N nitrogen initiates dissociation to NO at physiological pH, with a second protonation (at oxygen) accounting for both the spectral change and the enhanced dissociation rate at pH <4. Our results help to explain the previously noted variability in dissociation rate of 5, whose half-life we found to increase by an order of magnitude when its concentration was raised from near-zero to 1 mM, and provide mechanistic insight into the factors that govern dissociation rates among diazeniumdiolates of importance as pharmacologic progenitors of NO.
Systems Aspects of COBE Science Data Compression (1993)

A general approach to compression of diverse data from large scientific projects has been developed and this paper addresses the appropriate system and scientific constraints together with the algorithm development and test strategy. This framework has been implemented for the COsmic Background Explorer spacecraft (COBE) by retrofitting the existing VAS-based data management system with high-performance compression software permitting random access to the data. Algorithms which incorporate scientific knowledge and consume relatively few system resources are preferred over ad hoc methods. COBE exceeded its planned storage by a large and growing factor and the retrieval of data significantly affects the processing, delaying the availability of data for scientific usage and software test. Embedded compression software is planned to make the project tractable by reducing the data storage volume to an acceptable level during normal processing.
Altered plasma proteome during an early phase of peritonitis-induced sepsis (2008)

Sepsis is a systemic response to infection commonly found in critically ill patients and is associated with multi-organ failure and high mortality rate. Its pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms are complicated and remain poorly understood. In the present study, we performed a proteomics investigation to characterize early host responses to sepsis as determined by an altered plasma proteome in a porcine model of peritonitis-induced sepsis, which simulated several clinical characteristics of human sepsis syndrome. Haemodynamics, oxygen exchange, inflammatory responses, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and other laboratory parameters were closely monitored. Plasma samples were obtained from seven pigs before and 12 h after the induction of sepsis, and plasma proteins were resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (n=7 gels/group; before being compared with during sepsis). The resolved proteins were stained with the SYPRO Ruby fluorescence dye and subjected to quantitative and comparative analyses. From approx. 1500 protein spots visualized in each gel, levels of 36 protein spots were significantly altered in the plasma of animals with sepsis (sepsis/basal ratios or degrees of change ranged from 0.07 to 21.24). Q-TOF (quadrupole-time-of-flight) MS and MS/MS (tandem MS) identified 30 protein forms representing 22 unique proteins whose plasma levels were increased, whereas six forms of five unique proteins were significantly decreased during sepsis. The proteomic results could be related to the clinical features of this animal model, as most of these altered proteins have important roles in inflammatory responses and some of them play roles in oxidative and nitrosative stress. In conclusion, these findings may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms underlying the sepsis syndrome.
Transition at X Campus : commitment in change (2004)

The main purpose of this field study is to evaluate the current change process of the X Campus Business Program Design and to identify the associated risks, challenges and opportunities in relation to the impacts it has on the faculty members at ABC Burnaby Campus.By choosing a project charter as a model to develop a contract to commence this project, we attempted to give a clear image about what, why, when, how, and where I will do this project to satisfy our client's needs.We embarked on a series of interviews with both committee and faculty members to glean data about the different perspectives towards this change initiative.We used the eight factors of the Inspire Action Method for Leading Organizational Change to analyze the collected data and to make a comparison between committee and faculty members.The eight factors are Strategic alignment, Business case, Change leadership, Communication, Stakeholder perspective, Create commitment, Resilient teams, and Aligned performance.I found a large gap between the knowledge and perception of committee members and those of professors who will be impacted by this change.Based on the research result, this literature review explores the role of commitment to organizational change.Main topics discussed are source of commitment, how it supports the organizational change, and how to develop commitment in change.Finally, there is a summary of key learning's from the field research, with specific focus on dynamic teams which included the instructor, the team, and self-learning.
Geminiviruses Emerge as Serious Crop Threat (1999)

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Cytotoxic Constituents of the Roots of Ekmanianthe longiflora (2000)

Bioactivity-directed fractionation of the CHCl(3) extract of the roots of Ekmanianthe longiflora resulted in the isolation of three new natural products, (2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydro-3, 4-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1(2H)-naphthalenone (1), (2S,3R, 4R)-3,4-dihydro-3, 4-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1(2H)-naphthalenone (2), and (2R, 3aR,9R,9aR)-9-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2,3,3a,4,9 , 9a-hexahydro-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4-one (3), together with the known compounds 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone (4), 2-acetylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone (5), dehydro-iso-alpha-lapachone (6), alpha-lapachone (7), catalponol, and epi-catalponol. The structures of 1-3 were determined using a combination of NMR spectroscopic techniques, and the absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were obtained using Mosher ester methodology. Compounds 4-6 showed significant cytotoxicity in a panel of human cancer cells. alpha-Lapachone (7) exhibited only marginal activity, and catalponol and epi-catalponol were inactive in this regard. When tested at 72 mg/kg/injection in an in vivo mouse P-388 leukemia system, compound 4 was inactive (110% T/C).
Theoretical Applications of Finite Fields (1994)

Finite fields play a fundamental role in some of the most fascinating applications of modern algebra to the real world. These applications occur in the general area of data communication, a vital concern in our information society. Technological breakthroughs like space and satellite communications and mundane matters like guarding the privacy of information in data banks all depend in one way or another on the use of finite fields. Because of the importance of these applications to communication and information theory, we will present them in greater detail in the following chapters. Chapter 8 discusses applications of finite fields to coding theory, the science of reliable transmission of messages, and Chapter 9 deals with applications to cryptology, the art of enciphering and deciphering secret messages.
Synthesis of cyclic oligonucleotides by a modified phosphotriester approach (1988)

Evidence will be presented to show that the allyl group is suitable for the protection of a 3'-terminal phosphodiester function. The latter will be demonstrated by the synthesis, via a phosphotriester approach, of two cyclic tetraribonucleotides [r(AAAA) and r(UAMe2UAMe2)], two cyclic hexadeoxyribonucleotides [d(CGCGCG) and d(TAAAAA)] and a cyclic octadeoxyribonucleotide [d(CGTGCGTG)].
Motor Cortex Stimulation for Phantom Limb Pain: Comprehensive Therapy with Spinal Cord and Thalamic Stimulation (2001)

The effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic nucleus ventralis caudalis (VC) and motor cortex stimulation (MCS) were analyzed in 19 patients with phantom limb pain. All of the patients underwent SCS and, if the SCS failed to reduce the pain, the patients were considered for DBS and/or MCS. Satisfactory pain control for the long-term was achieved in 6 of 19 (32%) by SCS, 6 of 10 (60%) by DBS and 1 (20%) of 5 by MCS. SCS and DBS of the VC sometimes produced a dramatic effect on the pain, leading to a long pain-free interval and infrequent use of stimulation. The effects of both DBS of the VC and MCS were tested in four. One patient of them reported better pain control by MCS than by DBS, whereas two reported the opposite results. There is no evidence at present for an advantage of MCS over SCS and DBS of the VC in controlling phantom limb pain.
Hybrid gateway advertisement scheme for connecting mobile ad hoc networks to the Internet (2004)

When a node in a mobile ad hoc network wants to send data packets to the Internet, and therefore outside of its local ad hoc network, it has to obtain information about the available Internet gateways: i.e. which one to use and how to get there. To accomplish this, nodes can utilize either a unsolicited gateway discovery mechanism or relay on unsolicited gateway advertisement packets sent by gateways. Obviously, the effectiveness of periodic and unsolicited advertisement depends entirely on the traffic and mobility patterns. The most important factors involved in sending unsolicited gateway advertisements are the time interval between sending two consecutive advertisements and the TTL value of the advertisement packet, i.e., the gateway should carefully decide when to send advertisements, and the advertisement flooding area should be limited only to nodes that need to update their gateway information and their paths to the gateway. In this paper, two kinds of advertising schemes are proposed, which are based on the observation of traffic and mobility patterns, and are designed to avoid generating unnecessary packets in the MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network), in addition to giving mobile nodes more opportunity to use the shortest path to the Internet.
Aspects on the Pathophysiology of Migraine and Cluster Headache (2001)

The specific cause of migraine headache remains unknown. Current theories suggest that the initiation of a migraine attack involves a primary CNS dysfunction with subsequent activation of the trigeminovascular system. Studies in patients have revealed a clear association between headache and the release of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide, probably from C fibres. In cluster headache and in a case of chronic paroxysmal headache there was in addition release of the parasympathetic neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide, which was associated with headache, nasal congestion and rhinorrhea. Triptan administration, activating the 5-HT(1B/1D) receptors, caused the headache to subside and the neuropeptide release to normalise. These data suggest the involvement of sensory and parasympathetic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of primary headaches.
Validity of the Dyslexia Screener (1991)

Optometrists see many patients who complain of reading difficulty. The Dyslexia Screener (TDS) is an instrument which has been developed to determine, within 5 min, whether or not a patient shows evidence of having one of the three basic types of dyslexia (a coding problem in reading and spelling). Results using TDS were compared with the Dyslexia Determination Test (DDT). TDS rating scores were shown to contain much of the same clinical information as the DDT rating scores.
Partial external biliary diversion for intractable pruritus and xanthomas in Alagille syndrome (2002)

Alagille syndrome (AGS) causes intractable pruritus and disfiguring xanthomas because of retained bile acids and cholesterol. This study was performed to determine whether partial external biliary diversion (PEBD) is effective for relief of pruritus and xanthomas in AGS patients who fail conventional medical therapy. Between the years 1985 and 2001, 9 AGS patients underwent PEBD. Complete follow-up data were available for all patients. The average age at PEBD was 4.8 (range 1.4-10) years. The average duration of follow-up was 7.5 (range 0.5-16.0) years. All 9 patients had severe, mutilating pruritus (grade 4) prior to diversion. At 1 year post-PEBD, the average pruritus score was 1.1; 8 patients had only mild scratching when undistracted. Three patients with extensive xanthomas prior to PEBD had complete resolution within 1 year. Mean serum bile salt levels (n = 5) decreased from 136.5 to 37.1 micromol/L and mean cholesterol (n = 7) from 724 to 367 mg/dL 1 year after PEBD. A single 21-year-old patient with PEBD for 14 years experienced an increase in pruritus from grade 1 to grade 4 within 2 months of elective reversal of PEBD. In conclusion, PEBD is effective for treating severe pruritus and hypercholesterolemia in AGS patients without cirrhosis who did not respond to medical therapy. PEBD should be considered as a therapeutic option for these patients before referral for liver transplantation because of morbid complications.
The structure and function of proline-rich regions in proteins (1994)

Research Article| January 15 1994 The structure and function of proline-rich regions in proteins M P Williamson M P Williamson 1The Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2UH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1994) 297 (2): 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2970249 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation M P Williamson; The structure and function of proline-rich regions in proteins. Biochem J 15 January 1994; 297 (2): 249–260. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2970249 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1994 The Biochemical Society, London1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Producer T cells: Using genetically engineered T cells as vehicles to generate and deliver therapeutics to tumors (2016)

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is an emerging anticancer therapy that has shown promise in various malignancies. Redirecting antigen specificity by genetically engineering T cells to stably express receptors has become an effective variant of ACT. A novel extension of this approach is to utilize engineered T cells to produce and deliver anticancer therapeutics that enhance cytotoxic T cell function and simultaneously inhibit immunosuppressive processes. Here, we review the potential of using T cells as therapeutic-secreting vehicles for immunotherapies and present theoretical and established arguments in support of further development of this unique cell-based immunotherapy.
No evidence for endorphin deficiency in fibromyalgia following investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynorphin A and Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (1991)

The CSF levels of Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and dynorphin A were measured in patients with fibromyalgia. The mean CSF Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 level was 35.1 +/- 2.4 fmol/ml (mean +/- S.E.M.). The mean CSF level of dynorphin A was 14.3 +/- 0.9 fmol/ml. Regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and dynorphin A (r = 0.5369, P = 0.001). When correlated to the previously measured CSF levels of beta-endorphin, a statistically significant correlation was found with Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (r = 0.5055, P = 0.03) but not with dynorphin A (P greater than 0.05). The Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and dynorphin A levels are elevated compared to the levels available for comparison groups. Therefore, a lack of endorphin secretion does not seem to be the basis for the hyperalgesia observed in these patients.
Chemistry of HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORSCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 14, 838APublication Date (Print):July 15, 1988Publication History Published online30 May 2012Published inissue 15 July 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00165a724Request reuse permissions Article Views56Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (847 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Contrasting Chemistry of cis- and trans-Platinum(II) Diamine Anticancer Compounds:  Hydrolysis Studies of Picoline Complexes (2005)

cis-[PtCl2(NH3)(2-picoline)] (AMD473) is currently on clinical trials as an anticancer drug. The trans isomer, AMD443 (1), is also cytotoxic in a variety of cancer cell lines. The X-ray crystal structure of the trans isomer (1) shows that the pyridine ring is tilted by 69 degrees with respect to the platinum square-plane in contrast to the cis isomer in which it is almost perpendicular (103 degrees ). In the 3-picoline (2) and 4-picoline (3) trans isomers, the ring is tilted by 58 degrees /60 degrees (2 molecules/unit cell) and by 56 degrees , respectively. Hydrolysis may be an important step in the intracellular activation and anticancer mechanism of action of these complexes. The first hydrolysis step is relatively fast even at 277 K, with rate constants (determined by 1H,15N NMR) of k1 = 2.6 x 10(-5) s(-1), 12.7 x 10(-5) s(-1), and 5.2 x 10(-5) s(-1) (I = 0.1 M) for formation of the monoaqua complexes of 1-3, respectively. Although the hydrolysis of 3 is slower than 2, it is hydrolyzed to a greater extent. No formation of the diaqua complex was observed for any of the three complexes at 277 K, and it accounts for <3% of the platinum species at 310 K. In general the extent of hydrolysis of the trans complexes is much less than for their cis analogues. The pK(a) values for the monoaqua adducts of 1-3 were determined to be 5.55, 5.35, and 5.39, respectively, suggesting that they would exist largely as the monohydroxo complex at physiological pH. The pKa values for the diaqua adducts were determined to be 4.03 and 7.01 for 1, 3.97 and 6.78 for 2, and 3.94 and 6.88 for 3, the first pK(a) being >1 unit lower than for related cis complexes.