gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RECOVERY FROM INFANTS WITH RESPIRATORY ILLNESS OF A VIRUS RELATED TO CHIMPANZEE CORYZA AGENT (CCA) (1957)

Journal Article RECOVERY FROM INFANTS WITH RESPIRATORY ILLNESS OF A VIRUS RELATED TO CHIMPANZEE CORYZA AGENT (CCA): EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF INFECTION IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN Get access ROBERT CHANOCK, ROBERT CHANOCK From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, The Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical School, and the Pediatric Division, Baltimore City HospitalsBaltimore, Md Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LAURENCE FINBERG LAURENCE FINBERG From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, The Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical School, and the Pediatric Division, Baltimore City HospitalsBaltimore, Md Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 66, Issue 3, November 1957, Pages 291–300, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119902 Published: 01 November 1957 Article history Received: 22 July 1957 Published: 01 November 1957
Multiwavelength receivers for WDM systems (1998)

Multiwavelength array receivers and tunable receivers are some of the key devices much needed in future WDM links and networks. This article offers a description of this rapidly developing field. Both hybrid and monolithic integrated versions of WDM receivers are described. Related packaging issues are also discussed.
Recombinant parvovirus-like particles as an antigen carrier: A novel nonreplicative exogenous antigen to elicit protective antiviral cytotoxic T cells (1997)

To develop a strategy that promotes efficient antiviral immunity, hybrid virus-like particles (VLP) were prepared by self-assembly of the modified porcine parvovirus VP2 capsid protein carrying a CD8(+) T cell epitope from the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein. Immunization of mice with these hybrid pseudoparticles, without adjuvant, induced strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against both peptide-coated- or virus-infected-target cells. This CD8(+) class I-restricted cytotoxic activity persisted in vivo for at least 9 months. Furthermore, the hybrid parvovirus-like particles were able to induce a complete protection of mice against a lethal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. To our knowledge, this study represents the first demonstration that hybrid nonreplicative VLP carrying a single viral CTL epitope can induce protection against a viral lethal challenge, in the absence of any adjuvant. These recombinant particles containing a single type of protein are easily produced by the baculovirus expression system and, therefore, represent a promising and safe strategy to induce strong CTL responses for the elimination of virus-infected cells.
c-src gene product in developing rat brain is enriched in nerve growth cone membranes. (1988)

Differentiating rat neurons express high levels of the protooncogene product pp60c-src, a 60-kDa tyrosine kinase of unknown function encoded by c-src. pp60c-src was found to be concentrated at least 9-fold in membranes from a subcellular fraction of nerve growth cones, the motile tips of outgrowing neuronal processes. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of cultured chick retinal explants showed pp60c-src in neuronal growth cones and processes, with the antigen particularly concentrated in growth cones of long neurites. pp60c-src in growth cone membranes was an active tyrosine-specific protein kinase with elevated tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity and reduced electrophoretic mobility characteristic of the form of pp60c-src in central nervous system neurons. pp60c-src was present at lower levels in subcellular fractions from mature rat brain but synaptosomal membranes were not enriched. Preferential localization of an active form of pp60c-src in nerve growth cone membranes and persistence of pp60c-src in mature neurons suggest that this tyrosine kinase is important in growth cone-mediated neurite extension and synaptic plasticity.
Therapy of hepatitis C: Overview (1997)

Based on the first decade of research on alpha interferon in viral hepatitis, one can conclude that up to 40% of patients with compensated chronic hepatitis C and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels will respond at least transiently to interferon. Four forms of alpha interferon have been evaluated in large numbers of patients with chronic hepatitis C: alfa-2b, alfa-2a, alfa-n1, and consensus interferon (CIFN). Responses are defined on the basis of biochemical (ALT) or virological (hepatitis C virus [HCV] RNA testing by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) end points, and as end-of-treatment response (ETR) or sustained response (SR). Biochemical ETR rates to 6 months of therapy range from 35% to 50%, and SR rates 6 months after treatment from 8% to 21%. Although 6-month treatment courses are associated with a significant rate of relapse, 12 months of initial treatment and re-treatment regimens markedly improve the SR rate. Long-term follow-up evaluation in patients with an SR to interferon consistently show long-lasting and significant clinical, virological, and histological improvement. Finally, baseline factors that have been shown to be associated with SR to 6 months of treatment are not accurate enough to predict response. Therefore, the best treatment strategy is a therapeutic trial. Further studies of interferon therapy of hepatitis C are needed to define better virological end points useful in stopping therapy, to understand and better manage significant side effects of interferon, and to evaluate the histological effects of interferon in biochemical nonresponders. Also needed is a better understanding of the causes of resistance to interferon. Finally, newer therapeutic regimens such as the use of induction therapy and combination therapies with ribavirin, other antiviral agents, cytokines, and cytokine modifiers are of primary importance in eventually developing safe and effective means of treatment of hepatitis C.
Experimental Salmonellosis Immunizing Effect of Live Vaccine Prepared from Various Mutants of Salmonella Having Different Cell Wall Polysaccharides (1969)

ABSTRACT Immunizing potencies of vaccines prepared from various strains of Salmonella were graded by comparing the mortality rate of immunized mice after challenge with highly virulent strains of either Salmonella enteritidis or S. typhimurium . The resistance against this challenge infection was shown to be conferred by joint immunization with a specific factor, which was represented by O specific lipopolysaccharide of smooth strains, and cross‐protection factor, which was a major potent factor in live vaccine. The distribution of this cross‐protection factor in rough mutants of S. typhimurium was found to be limited to strains which possessed a polysaccharide chain longer than that of glucose 1 ‐less mutant. The potency conferring cross‐resistance was found to be maintained partly in formalin‐killed cells and cell walls of the strains harboring cross‐protection factor but not in lipopolysaccharide extracted from such strains.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced sFlt-1 and Oxidative Stress in Placental Villi through Its Metabolic Products CO and Bilirubin (2011)

One of the most prevalent complications of pregnancy is preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder which is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and premature birth with no effective pharmacological intervention. While the underlying cause is unclear, it is believed that placental ischemia/hypoxia induces the release of factors into the maternal vasculature and lead to widespread maternal endothelial dysfunction. Recently, HO-1 has been shown to downregulate two of these factors, reactive oxygen species and sFlt-1, and we have reported that HO-1 induction attenuates many of the pathological factors of placental ischemia experimentally. Here, we have examined the direct effect of HO-1 and its bioactive metabolites on hypoxia-induced changes in superoxide and sFlt-1 in placental vascular explants and showed that HO-1 and its metabolites attenuate the production of both factors in this system. These findings suggest that the HO-1 pathway may be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of preeclampsia.
Cellular response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in 5-FU-resistant colon cancer cell lines during treatment and recovery (2006)

Our gene expression data suggest that altered regulation of nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, cytoskeleton organization, transport, and oxygen metabolism may underlie the differential resistance to 5-FU seen in these cell lines. The contributory roles to 5-FU resistance of some of the affected genes on these pathways will be assessed in future studies.
Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Cells with Stem Cell-Like Properties Contribute to Tumor Generation, Metastasis and Chemotherapy Resistance through Hypoxia-Resistant Metabolism (2014)

Cells with sphere forming capacity, spheroid cells, are present in the malignant ascites of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and represent a significant impediment to efficacious treatment due to their putative role in progression, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. The exact mechanisms that underlie EOC metastasis and drug resistance are not clear. Understanding the biology of sphere forming cells may contribute to the identification of novel therapeutic opportunities for metastatic EOC. Here we generated spheroid cells from human ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian cancer. Xenoengraftment of as few as 2000 dissociated spheroid cells into immune-deficient mice allowed full recapitulation of the original tumor, whereas >10(5) parent tumor cells remained non-tumorigenic. The spheroid cells were found to be enriched for cells with cancer stem cell-like characteristics such as upregulation of stem cell genes, self-renewal, high proliferative and differentiation potential, and high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. Furthermore, spheroid cells were more aggressive in growth, migration, invasion, scratch recovery, clonogenic survival, anchorage-independent growth, and more resistant to chemotherapy in vitro. (13)C-glucose metabolic studies revealed that spheroid cells route glucose predominantly to anaerobic glycolysis and pentose cycle to the detriment of re-routing glucose for anabolic purposes. These metabolic properties of sphere forming cells appear to confer increased resistance to apoptosis and contribute to more aggressive tumor growth. Collectively, we demonstrated that spheroid cells with cancer stem cell-like characteristics contributed to tumor generation, progression and chemotherapy resistance. This study provides insight into the relationship between tumor dissemination and metabolic attributes of human cancer stem cells and has clinical implications for cancer therapy.
[Antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome]. (1998)

The antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome was first reported in patients with prostate cancer who manifested disease progression after total androgen blockage therapy with medical or surgical castration and pure antiandrogen, flutamide; discontinuation of flutamide resulted in a decline in prostate specific antigen and, in some cases, with clinical response. Same phenomena have been reported after the withdrawal of casodex, chlormadinone acetate, megestrol acetate, diethylstilbestrol, and estramustine phosphate. Mutations in the androgen receptor(AR) gene were discovered in clinical specimens of human prostate cancer patients who showed this syndrome and some of these being identical to the mutation found in LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. Another mechanism otherwise the point mutation of AR would be also speculated.
Characterization of cDNA encoding full-length mouse platelet glycoprotein IX (1998)

Glycoprotein (GP) IX is a platelet membrane 20 kD protein, which is associated with GPIbalpha, GPIb beta, and GPV to form GPIb/IX/V complex. GPIb/IX/V complex is a major receptor for von Willebrand factor, which mediates platelet adhesion and aggregation under high shear stress conditions. The relevance of this receptor for hemostasis has been implicated by a congenital bleeding disorder lacking the receptor, Bernard-Soulier syndrome. All subunits for the human receptor have been cloned and characterized. However, the function of GPIX is still elusive. To obtain further information of GPIX, we have determined a cDNA sequence of mouse GPIX (811 bp). The deduced amino-acid sequence (177aa) was 71% identical to the human GPIX protein. All cysteine residues in extracytoplasmic domain and putative N-linked glycosylation site (Asn44) were conserved. Mouse GPIX contained a leucine-rich glycoprotein sequence composed of 24 amino acids, as did human GPIX.
Intersubband transition energies in quantum wells in n‐Type GaAs‐Alx Ga1 ‐ xAs heterostructures (1987)

Abstract Calculations of the single‐particle intersubband transition energies are carried out for a two‐dimensional electron gas confined in quantum well in GaAs‐Al x Ga 1 ‐ x As heterostructures. A variety of samples is considered with different quantum well widths, electron densities, and aluminum concentrations. The calculations are based on a simultaneous self‐consistent solution of Poisson and Schrödinger equations, including exchange‐correlation effects. The results are compared with experimental data. In most cases the calculated subband energy spacings as well as the Fermi energies are in good agreement with the available experimental data. In addition, for a particular single asymmetric quantum well, the shift of the electron‐hole recombination energy is calculated as a function of the two‐dimensional electron density. The results emphasize the importance of the exchange‐correlation effects as have been observed experimentally.
Electronic Transactions as High-Frequency Indicators of Economic Activity (2021)

Since the advent of standard national accounts data over 60 years ago, economists have traditionally relied on monthly or quarterly data supplied by central statistical agencies for macroeconomic modelling and forecasting. However, technological advances of the past several years have resulted in new high-frequency data sources that could potentially provide more accurate and timely information on the current level of economic activity. In this paper we explore the usefulness of electronic transactions as real-time indicators of economic activity, using Canadian debit card data as an example. These data have the advantages of daily availability and the high market penetration of debit cards. We find that (i) household transactions vary greatly according to the day of the week, peaking every Friday and falling every Sunday; (ii) debit card data can help lower consensus forecast errors for GDP and consumption (especially non-durable) growth; (iii) debit card transactions are correlated with Statistics Canada’s revisions to GDP; (iv) high-frequency analyses of transactions around extreme events are possible, and in particular we are able to analyze expenditure patterns around the September 11 terrorist attacks and the August 2003 electrical blackout.
Deep desulfurization of diesel fuel by extraction with ionic liquids. (2001)

A new approach for the deep desulfurization of diesel fuels by extraction with ionic liquids is described.
Individual Rac GTPases Mediate Aspects of Prostate Cancer Cell and Bone Marrow Endothelial Cell Interactions (2011)

The Rho GTPases organize the actin cytoskeleton and are involved in cancer metastasis. Previously, we demonstrated that RhoC GTPase was required for PC-3 prostate cancer cell invasion. Targeted down-regulation of RhoC led to sustained activation of Rac1 GTPase and morphological, molecular and phenotypic changes reminiscent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. We also reported that Rac1 is required for PC-3 cell diapedesis across a bone marrow endothelial cell layer. In the current study, we queried whether Rac3 and RhoG GTPases also have a role in prostate tumor cell diapedesis. Using specific siRNAs we demonstrate roles for each protein in PC-3 and C4-2 cell adhesion and diapedesis. We have shown that the chemokine CCL2 induces tumor cell diapedesis via Rac1 activation. Here we find that RhoG partially contributes to CCL2-induced tumor cell diapedesis. We also find that Rac1 GTPase mediates tight binding of prostate cancer cells to bone marrow endothelial cells and promotes retraction of endothelial cells required for tumor cell diapedesis. Finally, Rac1 leads to β1 integrin activation, suggesting a mechanism that Rac1 can mediate tight binding with endothelial cells. Together, our data suggest that Rac1 GTPase is key mediator of prostate cancer cell-bone marrow endothelial cell interactions.
Image warping for calibration and removal of lens distortion (2002)

A method of estimating and removing the distortion associated with camera lenses used in digital image acquisition is presented. The proposed approach is based on the fact that the projection of a straight line is also a straight line: lines are detected and then warped to optimally fit the line support data to idealized line models. The technique requires little supervision and works on any arbitrary image, thus greatly simplifying the task of calibration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Probing the effects of microwave irradiation on enzyme-catalysed organic transformations: the case of lipase-catalysed transesterification reactions (2007)

The lipase-catalysed transesterification reaction of methyl acetoacetate in toluene as a solvent has been studied using carefully controlled conditions. Results suggest that microwave heating does not have a noticeable effect on reaction rate or product conversion.
Scatter compensation in digital chest radiography using the posterior beam stop technique (1994)

A new scatter compensation technique for computed radiography based on posterior beam stop (PBS) sampled scatter measurements and the bicubic spline interpolation technique was proposed. Using only a single exposure, both the clinical image and an array of scatter measurements, which were interpolated into a smooth scatter-only image, were simultaneously acquired. The scatter was subtracted from the clinical image to generate the primary-only image. To gauge the accuracy of scatter estimation, both quantitative and interpolation errors were evaluated. The PBS measurements were compared against the standard beam stop method at 16 locations in an anatomical phantom, resulting in quantitative errors of 2.7% relative to the scatter or 6.8% relative to the primary. Also measured were the interpolation error over 64 interpolation sample locations and 64 midpoint sample locations in the anatomical phantom. The combined interpolation error was 1.9% relative to the scatter or 8.0% relative to the primary. At the interpolation sample locations, the errors were identical between the phantom radiograph and digital portable chest radiographs from five patients. By summing the quantitative and interpolation errors in quadrature, the overall error of the PBS SISTER (scatter interpolation-subtraction technique for radiography) method was 3.3% relative to the scatter or 10% relative to the primary, which was adequate for dual-energy imaging purposes (less than 10% error relative to the scatter or 20% relative to the primary). The change of image contrast, noise, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at six locations in the anatomical phantom were quantitatively analyzed. Contrast and noise were equally enhanced in all anatomical regions, resulting in approximately the same SNR before and after compensation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
IMMUNOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF KIDNEY REJECTION USING FACS ANALYSIS OF GRAFT-INFILTRATING FUNCTIONAL AND ACTIVATED T AND NK CELL SUBSETS (1989)

In human organ transplantation, the correct diagnosis of rejection may be difficult using clinical and/or histopathologic criteria, and immunologic assays should therefore be considered. We have applied monoclonal antibodies in 2-color flow cytometric (FACS) analysis to study phenotypic patterns of kidney-infiltrating activated and functional T and NK cell subsets in 132 posttransplantation biopsies. Viable intragraft lymphocytes and kidney tubular cells were obtained by the use of medium-sized ultra-sound guided needle biopsy. In univariate analyses, highly significant differences were observed between rejecting and stable grafts. During rejection, the proportions of HLA-DR+ kidney tubular cells, total lymphocytes, T suppressor/cytotoxic cells, and natural killer (NK)-like cells increased; the fractions of phenotypically activated, HLA-DR+ cells within the latter 2 cell populations were elevated. Further, during rejection phenotypic T suppressor inducer and T suppressor effector cells were virtually absent in kidney tissue but reappeared rapidly upon successful antirejection therapy. Multivariate analyses revealed that combinations of antibodies in FACS analysis defining functional and activated subsubsets of T and NK cells allow a precise and rapid immunologic diagnosis of kidney rejection.
Novel stereoselective alkenyl–aryl coupling via nickel-catalysed reaction of alkenylanes with aryl halides (1976)

trans-Alkenylalanes, readily obtainable via hydroaluminiation of acetylenes, react readily with aryl bromides and iodides in the presence of catalytic amounts of nickel complexes, such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)- nickel, to produce arylated alkenes in high yields, the stereochemistry of the products being >99%trans.
The 2-(N-Formyl-N-methyl)aminoethyl Group as a Potential Phosphate/Thiophosphate Protecting Group in Solid-Phase Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Synthesis (2001)

[reaction in text] The 2-(N-formyl-N-methyl)aminoethyl deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidite 1 has been synthesized and used in the solid-phase synthesis of an octadecathymidylic acid as a cost-efficient monomer for potential application in the preparation of therapeutic oligonucleotides. The 2-(N-formyl-N-methyl)aminoethyl group can be cleaved from oligonucleotides according to a unique thermolytic cyclodeesterification process at pH 7.0. In addition to being cost-effective, the use of 1 simplifies oligonucleotide postsynthesis processing by eliminating the utilization of concentrated ammonium hydroxide in oligonucleotide deprotection.