gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Analysis of 1518 Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies (1991)

The results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy compare favorably with those of conventional cholecystectomy with respect to mortality, complications, and length of hospital stay. A slightly higher incidence of biliary injury with the laparoscopic procedure is probably offset by the low incidence of other complications.
Dual wavelength visible upconversion laser (1989)

Laser operation has been obtained at 551 and 671 nm by pumping 5% Er:YLiF4 at 791 nm. Time dependence studies of the emission show that the excitation process has a component related to cooperative energy transfer, and a component related to stepwise multiple photon absorption. Self-Q-switched operation at 551 nm is seen to impart a time dependence to an otherwise cw output at 671 nm.
Multiview face capture using polarized spherical gradient illumination (2011)

We present a novel process for acquiring detailed facial geometry with high resolution diffuse and specular photometric information from multiple viewpoints using polarized spherical gradient illumination. Key to our method is a new pair of linearly polarized lighting patterns which enables multiview diffuse-specular separation under a given spherical illumination condition from just two photographs. The patterns -- one following lines of latitude and one following lines of longitude -- allow the use of fixed linear polarizers in front of the cameras, enabling more efficient acquisition of diffuse and specular albedo and normal maps from multiple viewpoints. In a second step, we employ these albedo and normal maps as input to a novel multi-resolution adaptive domain message passing stereo reconstruction algorithm to create high resolution facial geometry. To do this, we formulate the stereo reconstruction from multiple cameras in a commonly parameterized domain for multiview reconstruction. We show competitive results consisting of high-resolution facial geometry with relightable reflectance maps using five DSLR cameras. Our technique scales well for multiview acquisition without requiring specialized camera systems for sensing multiple polarization states.
Hydrogen passivation of Ca acceptors in GaN (1996)

Exposure to a hydrogen plasma at 250 °C of p-type GaN (Ca) prepared by either Ca+ or Ca+ plus P+ co-implantation leads to a reduction in sheet carrier density of approximately an order of magnitude (1.6×1012 cm−2 to 1.8×1011 cm−2), and an accompanying increase in hole mobility (6 cm2/V s to 18 cm2/V s). The passivation process can be reversed by posthydrogenation annealing at 400–500 °C under a N2 ambient. This reactivation of the acceptors is characteristic of the formation of neutral (Ca–H) complexes in the GaN. The thermal stability of the passivation is similar to that of Mg–H complexes in material prepared in the same manner (implantation) with similar initial doping levels. Hydrogen passivation of acceptor dopants in GaN appears to be a ubiquitous phenomenon, as it is in other p-type semiconductors.
Interaction of mannose-binding lectin with primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (2000)

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is present in human serum and plays an important role in innate immunity by binding to carbohydrate on micro-organisms. Whereas the gp120/gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) contains numerous N-linked glycosylation sites and many of these sites contain high-mannose glycans which could interact with MBL, the interaction between MBL and primary isolates (PI) of HIV-1 has not been studied. To determine if PI of HIV bind to MBL, a virus capture assay was developed in which virus was incubated in MBL-coated microtitre wells followed by detection of bound virus with an ELISA for p24 antigen. The X4 HIV-1(MN) T cell line-adapted strain and PI of HIV (R5 and X4) bound to MBL. Binding of virus to MBL was via the carbohydrate-recognition domain of MBL since binding did not occur in the absence of Ca(2+) and was blocked by preincubation of MBL-coated wells with soluble mannan. The interaction of virus with MBL-coated wells was also inhibited by preincubation of virus with soluble MBL, indicating that both immobilized and soluble forms of MBL bound to HIV. Although host cell glycoproteins are incorporated into the membrane of HIV, binding of virus to immobilized MBL required expression of gp120/gp41 on virus particles, suggesting the presence of either an unusually high carbohydrate density and/or a unique carbohydrate structure on gp120/gp41 that is the target of MBL. This study shows that PI of HIV bind to MBL and suggests that MBL can selectively interact with HIV in vivo via carbohydrate structures on gp120/gp41.
The Uncemented Total Hip Arthroplasty (1988)

Intraoperative fractures of the proximal femur occurred in 40 (38 patients) of 630 (6.3%) biological ingrowth total hip arthroplasties performed between January 1984 and July 1986. Twenty-three of these fractures occurred during 131 revision arthroplasties (17.6%) and 17 during 499 primary arthroplasties (3.5%). All but two of the fractures were recognized during surgery. Thirty-seven were treated with either Parham bands or cerclage wires. Bone graft was added to the fracture site in 31 fractures. All of the fractures healed. Three of the patients failed to achieve stable fixation and have required revision surgery. An additional patient has thigh pain with 2 mm of subsidence noted with serial roentgenographs. Femoral fractures can be prevented by preoperative templating of roentgenograms containing markers to measure magnification, routine overreaming of the femoral canal when implanting long-stemmed prostheses, and prophylactically applying wires or bands to femurs requiring the removal of screws.
N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor channel blockers prevent pentylenetetrazole‐induced convulsions and morphological changes in rat brain neurons (2014)

Alterations in inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission play a central role in the etiology of epilepsy, with overstimulation of glutamate receptors influencing epileptic activity and corresponding neuronal damage. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which belong to a class of ionotropic glutamate receptors, play a primary role in this process. This study compared the anticonvulsant properties of two NMDA receptor channel blockers, memantine and 1-phenylcyclohexylamine (IEM-1921), in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model of seizures in rats and investigated their potencies in preventing PTZ-induced morphological changes in the brain. The anticonvulsant properties of IEM-1921 (5 mg/kg) were more pronounced than those of memantine at the same dose. IEM-1921 and memantine decreased the duration of convulsions by 82% and 37%, respectively. Both compounds were relatively effective at preventing the tonic component of seizures but not myoclonic seizures. Memantine significantly reduced the lethality caused by PTZ-induced seizures from 42% to 11%, and all animals pretreated with IEM-1921 survived. Morphological examination of the rat brain 24 hr after administration of PTZ revealed alterations in the morphology of 20-25% of neurons in the neocortex and the hippocampus, potentially induced by excessive glutamate. The expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter 1 protein was increased in the hippocampus of the PTZ-treated rats. However, dark neurons did not express caspase-3 and were immunopositive for the neuronal nuclear antigen protein, indicating that these neurons were alive. Both NMDA antagonists prevented neuronal abnormalities in the brain. These results suggest that NMDA receptor channel blockers might be considered possible neuroprotective agents for prolonged seizures or status epilepticus leading to neuronal damage.
Implementation of active rear steering of a tractor – semi‐trailer (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Theory Implementation Testing and Results Conclusions Acknowledgements References
Efficacy of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine and N-[N-gamma-glutamyl-6-diazo-5-oxo-norleucinyl]-6-diazo-5-oxo-norleucine against experimental tumors in conventional and nude mice. (1979)

The chemotherapeutic effects of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) and N-[N-gamma-glutamyl-6-diazo-5-oxo-norleucinyl]6-diazo-5-oxo-norleucine (azotomycin) were evaluated in a spectrum of transplantable experimental tumor systems including xenografts of human tumors in athymic mice. Both drugs displayed remarkable activity against the murine leukemia L1210 and P388, the Colon Tumors C26 and C38 and the CD8F1 mammary tumor. No significant activity was observed against Lewis lung carcinoma, B16 carcinoma, B16 melanoma, and intracranial ependymoblastoma. DON and azotomycin also exhibited striking inhibitory effects on the growth of s.c. human tumor (MX-1 mammary, LX-1 lung and CX-1 and CX-2 colon) xenografts in athymic mice. With the exception of one colon xenograft (CX-1), all tumor lines were markedly responsive to both drugs. Tumor regressions below the initial tumor sizes of 100 to 300 mg, albeit temporary, were brought about by one course of treatment every 4 days for 3 doses (at optimal dose) with either drug. Although these drugs have been tested previously in the clinic and have shown only limited therapeutic effectiveness, they seem to worthy of a second and closer look in light of the recent laboratory results.
Molecular evolution of glutamate receptors: a primitive signaling mechanism that existed before plants and animals diverged (1999)

We performed a genealogical analysis of the ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) gene family, which includes the animal iGluRs and the newly isolated glutamate receptor-like genes (GLR) of plants discovered in Arabidopsis. Distance measures firmly placed the plant GLR genes within the iGluR clade as opposed to other ion channel clades and indicated that iGluRs may be a primitive signaling mechanism that predated the divergence of animals and plants. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses using both parsimony and neighbor joining indicated that the divergence of animal iGluRs and plant GLR genes predated the divergence of iGluR subtypes (NMDA vs. AMPA/KA) in animals. By estimating the congruence of the various glutamate receptor gene regions, we showed that the different functional domains, including the two ligand-binding domains and the transmembrane regions, have coevolved, suggesting that they assembled together before plants and animals diverged. Based on residue conservation and divergence as well as positions of residues with respect to functional domains of iGluR proteins, we attempted to examine structure-function relationships. This analysis defined M3 as the most highly conserved transmembrane domain and identified potential functionally important conserved residues whose function can be examined in future studies.
Beta 1 ‐integrins of spermatozoa: a flow cytophotometric analysis (1993)

The expression of adhesion molecules on human ejaculated spermatozoa was investigated by means of flow cytophotometry using monoclonal antibodies against eight different adhesion molecules. Spermatozoa from infertility patients who exhibited normal semen parameters showed specific fluorescence after incubation with antibodies against very late antigens VLA alpha 4, VLA alpha 5, VLA alpha 6, and corresponding matrix proteins laminin and fibronectin. Semen samples from men with teratozoospermia or oligoasthenoteratozoospermia were characterized by reduced expression of adhesion molecules. Normal and pathological semen samples differed mostly in the expression of VLA alpha 5. After artificial induction of the acrosome reaction by a cold shock method and incubation with 2 mM Ca2+, a changed pattern of adhesion molecules on the sperm surface was found for VLA alpha 6 as the most prominent molecule. After treatment of spermatozoa with 0.1% Triton X-100, the number of cells with adhesion molecules increased significantly. This result suggests that adhesion molecules are an integral part of sperm structure.
Nanosphere Lithography:  Tunable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectra of Silver Nanoparticles (2000)

The wavelength corresponding to the extinction maximum, λmax, of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of silver nanoparticle arrays fabricated by nanosphere lithography (NSL) can be systematically tuned from ∼400 nm to 6000 nm. Such spectral manipulation was achieved by using (1) precise lithographic control of nanoparticle size, height, and shape, and (2) dielectric encapsulation of the nanoparticles in SiOx. These results demonstrate an unprecedented level of wavelength agility in nanoparticle optical response throughout the visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. It will also be shown that this level of wavelength tunability is accompanied with the preservation of narrow LSPR bandwidths (fwhm), Γ. Additionally, two other surprising LSPR optical properties were discovered: (1) the extinction maximum shifts by 2−6 nm per 1 nm variation in nanoparticle width or height, and (2) the LSPR oscillator strength is equivalent to that of atomic silver in gas or liquid phases. Furthermore, it will be shown that encapsulation of the nanoparticles in thin films of SiOx causes the LSPR λmax to red shift by 4 nm per nm of SiOx film thickness. The size, shape, and dielectric-dependent nanoparticle optical properties reported here are likely to have significant impact in several applications including but not limited to the following: surface-enhanced spectroscopy, single-molecule spectroscopy, near-field optical microscopy, nanoscopic object manipulation, chemical/biological sensing, information processing, data storage, and energy transport in integrated optical devices.
Safe and Efficient Silencing with a Pol II, but Not a Pol lII, Promoter Expressing an Artificial miRNA Targeting Human Huntingtin (2017)

Huntington's disease is a devastating, incurable neurodegenerative disease affecting up to 12 per 100,000 patients worldwide. The disease is caused by a mutation in the Huntingtin (Htt) gene. There is interest in reducing mutant Huntingtin by targeting it at the mRNA level, but the maximum tolerable dose and long-term effects of such a treatment are unknown. Using a self-complementary AAV9 vector, we delivered a mir-155-based artificial miRNA under the control of the chicken β-actin or human U6 promoter. In mouse brain, the artificial miRNA reduced the human huntingtin mRNA by 50%. The U6, but not the CβA promoter, produced the artificial miRNA at supraphysiologic levels. Embedding the antisense strand in a U6-mir-30 scaffold reduced expression of the antisense strand but increased the sense strand. In mice treated with scAAV9-U6-mir-155-HTT or scAAV9-CβA-mir-155-HTT, activated microglia were present around the injection site 1 month post-injection. Six months post-injection, mice treated with scAAV9-CβA-mir-155-HTT were indistinguishable from controls. Those that received scAAV9-U6-mir-155-HTT showed behavioral abnormalities and striatal damage. In conclusion, miRNA backbone and promoter can be used together to modulate expression levels and strand selection of artificial miRNAs, and in brain, the CβA promoter can provide an effective and safe dose of a human huntingtin miRNA.
Depletion of the chromatin remodeler CHD4 sensitizes AML blasts to genotoxic agents and reduces tumor formation (2015)

Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4) is an ATPase that alters the phasing of nucleosomes on DNA and has recently been implicated in DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair. Here, we show that depletion of CHD4 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts induces a global relaxation of chromatin that renders cells more susceptible to DSB formation, while concurrently impeding their repair. Furthermore, CHD4 depletion renders AML blasts more sensitive both in vitro and in vivo to genotoxic agents used in clinical therapy: daunorubicin (DNR) and cytarabine (ara-C). Sensitization to DNR and ara-C is mediated in part by activation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated pathway, which is preliminarily activated by a Tip60-dependent mechanism in response to chromatin relaxation and further activated by genotoxic agent-induced DSBs. This sensitization preferentially affects AML cells, as CHD4 depletion in normal CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitors does not increase their susceptibility to DNR or ara-C. Unexpectedly, we found that CHD4 is necessary for maintaining the tumor-forming behavior of AML cells, as CHD4 depletion severely restricted the ability of AML cells to form xenografts in mice and colonies in soft agar. Taken together, these results provide evidence for CHD4 as a novel therapeutic target whose inhibition has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of genotoxic agents used in AML therapy.
The mechanism of action of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase: the role of prosthetic dehydroalanine. (1995)

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) from parsley is posttranslationally modified by dehydrating its Ser-202 to the catalytically essential dehydroalanine prosthetic group. The codon of Ser-202 was changed to those of alanine and threonine by site-directed mutagenesis. These mutants and the recombinant wild-type enzyme, after treatment with sodium borohydride, were virtually inactive with L-phenylalanine as substrate but catalyzed the deamination of L-4-nitrophenylalanine, which is also a substrate for the wild-type enzyme. Although the mutants reacted about 20 times slower with L-4-nitrophenylalanine than the wild-type enzyme, their Vmax for L-4-nitrophenylalanine was two orders of magnitude higher than for L-phenylalanine. In contrast to L-tyrosine, which was a poor substrate, DL-3-hydroxyphenylalanine (DL-m-tyrosine) was converted by phenylalanine ammonia-lyase at a rate comparable to that of L-phenylalanine. These results suggest a mechanism in which the crucial step is an electrophilic attack of the prosthetic group at position 2 or 6 of the phenyl group. In the resulting carbenium ion, the beta-HSi atom is activated in a similar way as it is in the nitro analogue. Subsequent elimination of ammonia, concomitant with restoration of both the aromatic ring and the prosthetic group, completes the catalytic cycle.
Characterization of Proteins from Human Cerebrospinal Fluid by a Combination of Preparative Two-Dimensional Liquid-Phase Electrophoresis and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (1998)

To purify and characterize low-abundance proteins in complex biological mixtures, we used a novel strategy that combined preparative two-dimensional liquid-phase electrophoresis (2D-LPE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Preparative 2D-LPE is based on the same isoelectric focusing and gel electrophoresis principles as the widely used analytical 2D gel electrophoresis, except that analytes remain in solution throughout separation. This novel approach shows many improvements compared to analytical 2D gel electrophoresis for the separation of proteins in biological fluids. For example, larger volumes/amounts of samples can be loaded, yielding sufficient amounts of low-abundance proteins for further characterization. Since proteins remain in liquid phase during the entire procedure, extra steps such as electroelution, extraction, or transfer to membranes from the gels prior to mass spectrometric analysis are obviated. We report the usefulness of 2D-LPE combined with MALDI-TOF MS for the purification and characterization of cystatin C and beta-2 microglobulin in human cerebrospinal fluid. This method should be applicable to a wide range of biological fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, serum, tissue extracts, cell media, whole cells, and bacterial lysates.
Extracellular Release of Antigenic Proteins by Helicobacter pylori (1998)

Screening a Helicobacter pylori genomic library with antisera raised against H. pylori broth culture supernatant resulted in the identification of six antigens: urease, HspB, Lpp20, DnaK, MsrA, and a cysteine-rich 28-kDa protein (designated HcpA). H. pylori antigens may be released into the extracellular space by multiple mechanisms, including specific secretion pathways, autolysis, and membrane vesicle formation.
Integration and packaging plateaus of processor performance (2003)

Integration and packaging performance limits are refined in the context of computer systems. In particular, limits of computer performance under various packaging, architectural, organizational, and design techniques (e.g. gate-array versus custom) are explored. It is concluded that fully integrated processors can have modest electrical signal I/O requirements because the frequency of signals crossing their pins can be several times less than that of the on-chip clock frequency. In order to exploit emerging technologies without high levels of integration, advanced volumetric packaging techniques will still be very important.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ABC1, an ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Required for Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells, Generates a Regulated Anion Flux after Expression in Xenopus laevis Oocytes (1997)

The ATP binding cassette transporter ABC1 is a 220-kDa glycoprotein expressed by macrophages and required for engulfment of cells undergoing programmed cell death. Since members of this family of proteins such as P-glycoprotein and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator share the ability to transport anions, we have investigated the transport capability of ABC1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes using iodide efflux and voltage-clamp techniques. We report here that ABC1 generates an anion flux sensitive to glibenclamide, sulfobromophthalein, and blockers of anion transporters. The anion flux generated by ABC1 is up-regulated by orthovanadate, cAMP, protein kinase A, and okadaic acid. In other ABC transporters, mutating the conserved lysine in the nucleotide binding folds was found to severely reduce or abolish hydrolysis of ATP, which in turn altered the activity of the transporter. In ABC1, replacement of the conserved lysine 1892 in the Walker A motif of the second nucleotide binding fold increased the basal ionic flux, did not alter the pharmacological inhibitory profile, but abolished the response to orthovanadate and cAMP agonists. Therefore, we conclude that ABC1 is a cAMP-dependent and sulfonylurea-sensitive anion transporter.
The Continuous Wavelet Transform and Variable Resolution Time-Frequency Analysis (1997)

this article, we derived analytic expressions relating the scale at which features occur in the continuous wavelet transform to the associated, time-localized frequency and the frequency parameter of the Morlet wavelet. We also derived an analytic expression for the spread in scale and, hence, frequency in the transform as a function of the bandwidth parameter. Thus, one can derive quantitative information about temporal-- local behavior of the signal from features in the surface and, in an iterative process, refine the mother wavelet to present the features of interest optimally. REFERENCES