gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double series representation of bounded signals (1988)

Series representations of the form f(t) approximately Sigma /sub n=- infinity //sup infinity / Sigma /sub k=- infinity //sup infinity /a/sub n,k/ nu (t-n)/sub e//sup 2 pi /kts/ for bounded signals f(t) are studied, as are conditions on the unit function nu (t), such that coefficients a/sub n,k/ reveal the energy content of f(t) in the time interval n-(1/2)<or=t<or=n+(1/2) and frequency interval 2 pi (k-(1/2))<or= omega <or=2 pi (k+(1/2)). These conditions turn out to be orthogonality and integrability. Based on these conditions a number of properties of the expansion are derived, including summability of the double series and energy and power estimations. Some examples of the expansion are presented.<<ETX>>
Studies of Rogowski coil current transducer for low amplitude current (100A) measurement (2004)

Measuring current of less than 1000 A is usually called low amplitude current measurement in the world when we use a Rogowski coil for the measurement of current. The voltage induced in the coil is very small and easily disturbed when measured current is less than 100 A. This paper introduces a method to measure current of less than 100 A with circuit dispose, offering its basic theory, realization and frequency response. A test result of Rogowski current transducer whose rated current is 100 A is given in the end. It proves that the precision reaches 0.2 grades. This method is valid when measured current is less than 100 A even in the situation of only several amperes.
CELP Coding for high-quality speech at 8 kbit/s (2005)

A new speech coding technique at low bit-rate is presented in this paper. The coder is based upon a novel speech production model, independently developed by the authors [1,2] and by Atal and Schroeder [3,4], called CELP (Codebook Excited Linear Prediction). Differences exist between the two approaches, both in the strategy chosen to construct codebooks, and in the method to generate the innovation sequence. In this scheme, we split the incoming speech signal into two frequency bands in order to gain the benefits of the piecewise LP (Linear Prediction) approximation. Then, each residual signal is coded in blocks of 5-ms duration through an adaptive vector quantizer incorporating a noise shaping filter. Our results show that good quality speech can be obtained at 8 kbit/s.
Homology Requirements for Ligation and Strand Exchange by the FLP Recombinase (1995)

The FLP recombinase of the 2-microns plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae belongs to the integrase family whose members form a covalent bond between a conserved tyrosine of the recombinase and the 3'-phosphoryl group at the site of cleavage. Ligation takes place when the 5'-OH generated during the cleavage step attacks the phosphotyrosine bond and reforms a phosphodiester bond. When the incoming 5'-OH is from the partner duplex, strand exchange occurs. The FLP recognition target (FRT) contains two inverted 13-base pair (bp) FLP binding sequences that surround an 8-bp core region. It has been shown that heterology in the core regions of the recombinase FLP recognition target sites can dramatically impair recombination. Therefore, it was of interest to study the homology requirements of the core sequence for FLP-mediated ligation. Using nicked duplex substrates containing mismatches in the core sequence, we have demonstrated that the FLP ligation reaction can tolerate mismatches at all positions in the 8-bp core except the position immediately adjacent to the cleavage site. Using half-FRT substrates that contain a single-stranded core sequence, we showed that 4 base pairs adjacent to the cleavage site in the core are required for FLP to execute ligation with a single-stranded oligonucleotide. FLP is also able to ligate the protruding single strand on a half-FRT site to the opposite strand to form a hairpin. We have studied the effect of the base composition of the protruding 8-nucleotide single strand upon the efficiency of hairpin ligation. These studies revealed the importance of intrastrand complementarity in the formation of hairpin by FLP. Hence we conclude that the homology in the position adjacent to the cleavage site is most important, and the degree of the homology required is dependent on the nature of the ligation assay.
Modification of thermosensitivity of HeLa cells by sodium butyrate, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate, and retinoic acid. (1984)

Studies were carried out with HeLa S-3 cells to determine whether exposure of the cells to "differentiating agents" would modify the thermosensitivity of cells under the cellular conditions where there is no significant perturbation of the cell cycle distribution. Sodium butyrate, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (dbcAMP), and retinoic acid all afforded pronounced protective effects on the thermosensitivity of HeLa cells. The kinetics of expression of thermal resistance induced by the agents varied with different agents. Sodium butyrate (1 mM) was only capable of inducing the thermal resistance during the time of heating (42 degrees), while a minimum 8-hr exposure to dbcAMP (1 mM) and 48-hr exposure to retinoic acid (10 microM) prior to heating at 42 degrees were required to demonstrate the thermal resistance. The presence of dbcAMP and retinoic acid was not required during the heating. The thermal resistance acquired by the exposure of cells to dbcAMP and retinoic acid was reversible following the removal of the drugs with a time course varying with the duration of preexposure time. This difference in the kinetics of thermal resistance suggests that these agents may have a different mode of action for the induction of thermal resistance in HeLa cells.
Role of the GABAA receptor γ2 subunit in the development of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neurons in vivo (2000)

We have employed transgenic mouse models to examine the functional significance of the gamma2 subunit of the GABA(A) (gamma-aminobutyric acid) receptor to the correct development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in vivo. In the first experiment, the expression of gamma2 subunit protein by the GnRH phenotype was determined using transgenic mice in which GnRH gene sequences direct the expression of the LacZ reporter to the nucleus of the GnRH neurons. This greatly facilitates the immunocytochemical identification of non-nuclear-located antigens within GnRH neurons and revealed that approximately 25% of juvenile GnRH neurons were immunoreactive for the gamma2 subunit and that this increased to 40% in pubertal mice. In the second experiment, GnRH mRNA expression was examined in the brains of gamma2 subunit knockout mice (gamma2(0/0)) and their wild-type (gamma2+/+) littermates at embryonic day 15 and postnatal days (P) 0 and 11-16 using in situ hybridization. The distribution and numbers of cells expressing GnRH mRNA in gamma2+/+ and gamma2(0/0) mice were not found to differ at any age. However, the GnRH mRNA content of medial septal cells was significantly lower in gamma2(0/0) compared with gamma2+/+ mice at P11-16 (P<0.05) and the same trend was observed for preoptic area neurons. These results demonstrate that while the gamma2 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor is expressed by postnatal GnRH neurons, their embryonic development does not require a functional gamma2 subunit. In contrast, postnatal GnRH mRNA expression was found to be dependent upon signalling through the GABA(A) receptor.
Scalable statistics counters (2013)

Statistics counters are important for purposes such as detecting excessively high rates of various system events, or for mechanisms that adapt based on event frequency. As systems grow and become increasingly NUMA, commonly used naive counters impose scalability bottlenecks and/or such inaccuracy that they are not useful. We present both precise and statistical (probabilistic) counters that are nonblocking and provide dramatically better scalability and accuracy properties. Crucially, these counters are competitive with the naive ones even when contention is low.
The combined use of enzymatic hydrolysis and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry for peptide sequencing (1983)

Oligopeptides subjected to partial enzyme hydrolysis provide mixtures of sub-peptides which optimize amino acid sequence determination by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The digestion mixture can be sampled directly; there is no interference from the enzyme. Complete sequences were obtained from spectra recorded on 1–5 nmol samples after digestion at 37°C for times ranging from 0.1–4.0 h. The qualitative results of attack by two exopeptidases on three oligopeptides are discussed.
[Clinical, electromyography and pathologic-anatomic studies in myopathy--a contribution to rational diagnostic strategy]. (1990)

A total of 189 patients underwent clinical, electromyographical and patho-anatomical examination (by muscle biopsy). 102 of the patients suffered from myopathy, 45 patients from neurogenic muscle diseases. 31 patients were suffering from chronic renal insufficiency and 11 patients from chronic alcoholism. The statistic elaboration of the findings was done by the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and discriminant analysis, in order to determine the diagnostic value of single parameters of investigation and to demonstrate diagnostically effective parameter combinations for diagnosing myopathies. Employing the discriminant function for the differentiation of myopathies and neurogenic muscle diseases yielded in patients with chronic renal insufficiency predominantly (30 cases) references to a neurogenic lesion of the proximal muscles and in the patients with chronic alcoholism relatively often (6 cases) references to a myogenic lesion of the proximal muscles.
Structure and sequence relationships in the lipocalins and related proteins (1993)

The lipocalins and fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are two recently identified protein families that both function by binding small hydrophobic molecules. We have sought to clarify relationships within and between these two groups through an analysis of both structure and sequence. Within a similar overall folding pattern, we find large parts of the lipocalin and FABP structures to be quantitatively equivalent. The three largest structurally conserved regions within the lipocalin common core correspond to characteristic sequence motifs that we have used to determine the constitution of this family using an iterative sequence analysis procedure. This afforded a new interpretation of the family, which highlighted the difficulties of determining a comprehensive and coherent classification of the lipocalins. The first of the three conserved sequence motifs is also common to the FABPs and corresponds to a conserved structural element characteristic of both families. Similarities of structure and sequence within the two families suggests that they form part of a larger "structural superfamily"; we have christened this overall group the calycins to reflect the cup-shaped structure of its members.
The role of nm23-H1 in the progression of transitional cell bladder cancer. (2000)

The nm23 gene was initially cloned as a metastasis suppressor gene, but the clinical relevance of nm23-H1 as a metastasis suppressor or prognostic indicator for human cancers remains enigmatic. Given that gene expression is regulated at the tissue-specific level, we studied the molecular mechanisms of nm23-H1 expression in human bladder cancer cell lines and the clinical importance of protein product (NM23-H1) in association with patient outcome (n = 257) by immunohistochemistry. We demonstrated that nm23-H1 is expressed in bladder cancer cells without genomic alterations. High NM23-H1 expression was found in 39 cases (15.2%), intermediate expression in 119 cases (46.3%), and low NM23-H1 in 99 cases (38.5%). NM23-H1 was inversely related to staging classification or tumor size (P < 0.05), with the most significant difference being observed between pTa tumors and those of pT1-pT3 bladder cancer (P = 0.01). Reduced NM23-H1, defined as intermediate and low levels of expression, tended to have a higher risk of tumor metastasis (P = 0.06) or poor longtime survival (P = 0.07). In the subset of grade 2 bladder tumors, reduced NM23-H1 significantly correlated with the occurrence of tumor metastasis or poor patient survival (P < 0.05). These findings overall suggest that nm23-H1 may play an important role in suppressing the early step of carcinogenesis and thus act as an invasion suppressor for human bladder cancer. A prospective study is required to clarify the potential of the molecular marker in prediction of disease progression.
Gene for integrin-associated protein (IAP, CD47): Physical mapping, genomic structure, and expression studies in skeletal muscle (2002)

Integrin-associated protein (IAP) is a widely expressed membrane protein with multiple functions in immunological and neuronal processes. Having physically mapped the IAP gene into a BAC/PAC contig covering approximately 1 Mb on human chromosome 3ql3.1-q13.2, we determined the genomic organization of the gene, established its expression in skeletal muscle, and identified a novel splice variant. Our expression studies demonstrate expression of integrin-associated protein in the t-tubular system and the euchromatin of skeletal muscle cells where its function thus far is not known.
Suppressing unwanted internal reflections in prestack reverse-time migration (2006)

Abstract Prestack reverse-time migration, a wave-equation technique using two-way propagation, correctly handles multiarrivals and enables imaging of overturned reflections. However, image artifacts occur when backscattered waves cross-correlate. These artifacts are particularly strong where high-velocity contrasts occur. A method for removing unwanted internal reflections during propagation of both the source and receiver wavefields is presented. This method applies a directional damping term to the wave equation in areas of the velocity model where unwanted reflections occur. Tests on synthetic data show good suppression of image artifacts.
Control of Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth by Face-Specific Adsorption of an Osteopontin Phosphopeptide (2007)

Mineral-associated proteins have been proposed to regulate many aspects of biomineralization, including the location, type, orientation, shape, and texture of crystals. To understand how proteins achieve this exquisite level of control, we are studying the interaction between the phosphoprotein osteopontin (OPN) and the biomineral calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). In the present study, we have synthesized peptides corresponding to amino acids 220-235 of rat bone OPN (pSHEpSTEQSDAIDpSAEK), one of several highly phosphorylated, aspartic-, and glutamic acid-rich sequences found in the protein. To investigate the role of phosphorylation in interaction with crystals, peptides containing no (P0), one (P1), or all three (P3) phosphates were prepared. Using a novel combination of confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we show that these peptides adsorb preferentially to {100} faces of COM and inhibit growth of these faces in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. To characterize the mechanism of adsorption of OPN peptides to COM, we have performed the first atomic-scale molecular-dynamics simulation of a protein-crystal interaction. P3 adsorbs to the {100} face much more rapidly than P1, which in turn adsorbs more rapidly than P0. In all cases, aspartic and glutamic acid, not phosphoserine, are the amino acids in closest contact with the crystal surface. These studies have identified a COM face-specific adsorption motif in OPN and delineated separate roles for carboxylate and phosphate groups in inhibition of crystal growth by mineral-associated phosphoproteins. We propose that the formation of close-range, stable, and face-specific interactions is a key factor in the ability of phosphoproteins to regulate biomineralization processes.
Constructing protocol converters from service specifications (2003)

A four-step algorithm for constructing a protocol converter using the top-down approach is proposed. The algorithm involves construction of a system graph from the required service specification and the service specifications of the target protocols; construction of a service converter and new protocols services from the constructed system graph modification of the given protocols entities, to support the new service specifications, and derivation of a final converter by integrating the service converter and the constructed protocol entities. The protocol converter is guaranteed not only to satisfy the conformity property, but also to be free from deadlock and livelock.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Huntingtin forms toxic NH2-terminal fragment complexes that are promoted by the age-dependent decrease in proteasome activity (2003)

Although NH2-terminal mutant huntingtin (htt) fragments cause neurological disorders in Huntington's disease (HD), it is unclear how toxic htt fragments are generated and contribute to the disease process. Here, we report that complex NH2-terminal mutant htt fragments smaller than the first 508 amino acids were generated in htt-transfected cells and HD knockin mouse brains. These fragments constituted neuronal nuclear inclusions and appeared before neurological symptoms. The accumulation and aggregation of these htt fragments were associated with an age-dependent decrease in proteasome activity and were promoted by inhibition of proteasome activity. These results suggest that decreased proteasome activity contributes to late onset htt toxicity and that restoring the ability to remove NH2-terminal fragments will provide a more effective therapy for HD than inhibiting their production.
Histopathological and molecular classification of colorectal cancer and corresponding peritoneal metastases (2018)

Significant enrichment for CMS4 was observed in colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis. Surgical relevance Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) improves survival of selected patients with colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis, but recurrence is common. Histopathological and molecular analysis of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis could provide clues for development of novel therapies. In this study, colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis was found to be enriched for tumours with high stromal content and CMS4-positive status. To further improve prognosis for patients with colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis, therapies that target tumour-stroma interaction could be added to CRS-HIPEC.
The Central Bond Length in 1,2-Diarylethanes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Central Bond Length in 1,2-DiarylethanesBart Kahr, Christine A. Mitchell, Jeffrey M. Chance, Russel Vernon Clark, Peter Gantzel, Kim K. Baldridge, and Jay S. SiegelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 16, 4479–4482Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00121a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00121a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Tailoring Directional Scattering through Magnetic and Electric Resonances in Subwavelength Silicon Nanodisks (2013)

Interference of optically induced electric and magnetic modes in high-index all-dielectric nanoparticles offers unique opportunities for tailoring directional scattering and engineering the flow of light. In this article we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the interference of electric and magnetic optically induced modes in individual subwavelength silicon nanodisks can lead to the suppression of resonant backscattering and to enhanced resonant forward scattering of light. To this end we spectrally tune the nanodisk's fundamental electric and magnetic resonances with respect to each other by a variation of the nanodisk aspect ratio. This ability to tune two modes of different character within the same nanoparticle provides direct control over their interference, and, in consequence, allows for engineering the particle's resonant and off-resonant scattering patterns. Most importantly, measured and numerically calculated transmittance spectra reveal that backward scattering can be suppressed and forward scattering can be enhanced at resonance for the particular case of overlapping electric and magnetic resonances. Our experimental results are in good agreement with calculations based on the discrete dipole approach as well as finite-integral frequency-domain simulations. Furthermore, we show useful applications of silicon nanodisks with tailored resonances as optical nanoantennas with strong unidirectional emission from a dipole source.
Questions about Turner et al. Spinal cord stimulation for failed back surgery syndrome: Outcomes in a worker's compensation setting (2010)

1The Sandra and Malcolm Berman Brain and Spine Institute, Sinai Hospital, 5051 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21209, USA 2The Neuromodulation Foundation, 117 East 25th Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA 3Peninsula Medical School, University Exeter, Exeter, UK 4Department of Pain and Anaesthesia, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK 1Tel.: +1 410 601 1950. E-mail address:[email protected] *Tel.: +1 410 235 7490. E-mail addresses:[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Submitted February 12, 2010; revised July 7, 2010; accepted August 20, 2010.
Planar lipid membrane array for membrane protein chip (2004)

We report the novel methods to reconstitute artificial lipid membranes in an array on a chip, using the micro-fluidic system, for the batch analysis of membrane proteins. The micro-fabricated device should render the ease of injection/recirculation of the reagents as well as multi-channel and high-sensitive detection of protein activities incorporated in the bilayer membrane. It is shown that the lipid bilayer membrane can be formed on 100/spl sim/200 /spl mu/m square apertures fabricated in a silicon substrate in two methods. In the first method, the bilayer is formed by flowing the lipid solution and the buffer alternately. In the second method, it is done by placing a buffer droplet on a thin layer of the lipid solution. Parylene coating is found to be suitable for both bilayer formation and noise reduction. The future application includes the high-sensitive ion sensor chip and high-throughput drug screening chip.