gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo nonthrombogenicity of heparin immobilized polymer surfaces. (1991)

The authors developed two different methods to immobilize heparin on polymer surfaces. One method involves in situ heparin immobilization on a segmented polyurethane urea (Biomer) surface via hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, Mn = 4,000) spacers. The other method uses PEO/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) block co-polymer and heparin covalently linked in a block co-polymer system (PEO-PDMS-Hep). These surfaces have demonstrated high heparin bioactivity in vitro and excellent blood compatibility in in vitro-ex vivo experiments. This report evaluates the long-term in vivo blood compatibility of these heparin immobilized surfaces. Vascular grafts (6 mm ID, 7 cm in length) were fabricated with Biomer, and heparin was immobilized in situ with PEO spacers (B-PEO4K) and coated on their luminal surfaces with PEO-PDMS-Hep. Biomer and PEO (Mn = 4,000) grafted Biomer (B-PEO4K) were used as controls. The grafts were implanted in the abdominal aorta of dogs and retrieved at 3 months or when graft occlusion was suspected. Retrieved grafts were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM measured the thickness of the adsorbed protein layer on the surface and the protein distribution (albumin, fibrinogen, and IgG) visualized by an immunogold method. All heparin immobilized grafts were patent at 3 months, whereas Biomer and B-PEO4K grafts occluded within 1 month. SEM pictures of heparin immobilized surfaces after 3 months demonstrated minimal platelet adhesion and activation without detectable fibrin formation. Heparin immobilized surfaces showed a thin protein layer (300-600 A) even after 3 months, with high concentrations of albumin and IgG and less fibrinogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bone growth-B (1993)

Mechanical Loading and Bone Growth In Vivo (A.A. Biewener and J.E.A. Bertram). Influence of Mechanical Factors on Bone Formation, Resorption, and Growth In Vitro (E.H. Burger and J.P. Veldhuijzen). Effects of Physical Inactivity, Paralysis, and Weightlessness on Bone Growth (G.D. Whedon and R.P. Heaney). Adaptation of Bone Growth to Miniaturization of Body Size (J.Hanken). Domestication and Bone Growth (R.K. Wayne and C.B. Ruff). Bone Growth and Primate Evolution (B.T. Shea). Bone Growth and Paleopathology (D.J. Ortner). Drugs and Bone Growth (M.E. Sucheston). Bone and Individual Aging (J. Castanet, H. Francillon-Vieillot, F.J. Meunier, and A. de Ricqles). Mechanical Properties of Cortical and Trabecular Bone (T.M. Keaveny and W.C. Hayes). Index.
Melanoma-associated antigens as messenger RNA detection markers for melanoma. (1997)

Melanoma is heterogeneous for its biological properties and melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs). This diversity is partially observed in the expression of the MAAs involved with the melanin synthesis pathway. We therefore developed a sensitive multimarker reverse transcription-PCR plus Southern blot assay using five MAAs as molecular markers to detect primary and metastatic melanoma cells. Melanoma cell lines, melanocytes (cultured), primary and metastatic malignant melanoma tissues, and blood from patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I-IV melanoma were assessed for tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2, Pmel 17, and MART-1/Melan-A. All of the MAA mRNA markers were expressed in 100% of melanoma cell lines and cultured melanocytes, 74% of primary and metastatic tumors (excluding tumor-draining lymph nodes), 43% of tumor-involved lymph nodes, and 43% of patients' bloods. Hypomelanotic melanoma tissues expressed a lower frequency of individual mRNA markers. Overall, at least one mRNA marker was expressed in more than 86% of specimens assayed. Normal tissue specimens from patients and blood from normal volunteer donors were negative for MAA mRNA expression. The multimarker MAA reverse transcription-PCR plus Southern blot analysis was more reliable and sensitive than a single-molecular marker assay for the detection of melanoma cells. This molecular assay can also provide information on MAA mRNA expression of metastatic melanoma cells that may assist in monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of active specific immunotherapy toward specific MAA-bearing melanomas.
Increased ranging depth in optical frequency domain imaging by frequency encoding (2007)

A technique for increasing the ranging depth in optical frequency domain imaging utilizing frequency encoding is presented. Ranging depth is enhanced by using two interferometer reference arms with different path lengths and independent modulation frequencies (25 and 50 MHz). With this configuration, the sensitivity decreases by 6 dB over a depth range of 7 mm, approximately a threefold improvement over the conventional optical frequency domain imaging technique. We demonstrate that the reference arm frequency separation, tuning speed, center wavelength, and instantaneous coherence length determine the signal-to-cross-talk ratio.
Structure and Localization of the Human Gene Encoding SR-BI/CLA-1 (1997)

The scavenger receptor, class B, type 1 receptor (SR-BI) mediates the selective transport of lipids from high density lipoprotein to cells. We describe the structure and subchromosomal location of human SR-BI and provide evidence that it is regulated by the transcription factor, steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1). SR-BI resides on chromosome 12q24.2-qter, spans approximately 75 kilobase pairs, and contains 13 exons. RNA blot analysis of human tissues reveals an expression pattern similar to that described previously for rodents with the highest levels of mRNA in the adrenal gland, ovary, and liver. Unlike rodents, human SR-BI was expressed at high levels in the placenta. The transcription start site for SR-BI was mapped, and DNA sequence analysis revealed a binding site for SF-1 in the proximal 5'-flanking sequence. SF-1, an orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor gene family, plays a key role in the regulation of steroidogenesis and is expressed at high levels in steroidogenic tissues. SF-1 binds to the SR-BI promoter in a sequence-specific manner, and efficient transcription from this promoter in adrenocortical Y1 cells is dependent on an intact SF-1 site. These data extend our understanding of SF-1 function within steroidogenic tissues and suggest that SR-BI, which serves to supply selected tissues with lipoprotein-derived lipids, is part of the repertoire of SF-1-responsive genes involved in steroidogenesis.
Synthesen stickstoffhaltiger Heterocyclen, XXXVIII. Darstellung und Umsetzung einiger substituierter 3‐Nitro‐pyridine (1966)

Abstract Nitromalonester und Verbindungen mit Ketimin‐Enamin‐Struktur kondensieren zu 3‐Nitro‐2.4‐dihydroxy‐pyridinen. Deren Methylierung liefert 3‐Nitro‐4‐methoxy‐ N ‐methyl‐pyridone bzw. 3‐Nitro‐2.4‐dimethoxy‐pyridine. Die Methoxygruppen wurden durch primäre aliphatische Amine bzw. durch Hydrazinoverbindungen substituiert. — Katalytische Hydrierung der 3‐Nitro‐4‐amino‐ und 3‐Nitro‐4‐hydrazino‐ N ‐methyl‐pyridone führt zu 3.4‐Diamino‐ bzw. 3‐Amino‐4‐hydrazino‐Verbindungen, die zu verschiedenen Ringschlußreaktionen herangezogen werden.
A Glutathione-Dependent Detoxification System Is Required for Formaldehyde Resistance and Optimal Survival of Neisseria meningitidis in Biofilms (2012)

The adhc-estD system protects against formaldehyde produced during endogenous metabolism.
Quenching of porous silicon photoluminescence by deposition of metal adsorbates (1993)

Various metals were deposited on luminescent porous silicon (PS) by immersion in metal ion solutions and by evaporation. The photoluminescence (PL) was quenched upon immersion in ionic solutions of Cu, Ag, and Au but not noticeably quenched in other ionic solutions. Evaporation of 100 Å of Cu or 110 Å of Au was not observed to quench PL. Auger electron spectroscopy performed on samples quenched and then immediately removed from solution showed a metallic concentration in the PS layer of order 10 at.%, but persisting to a depth of order 3000 Å.
Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the major subunit of CS3 fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (1988)

The complete nucleotide sequence of a 612-base-pair DNA fragment containing the gene for the major fimbrial subunit of CS3 of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is presented. A possible promoter region, a ribosome-binding site, and two potential signal peptidase cleavage sites are indicated. Unlike the best-studied fimbrial proteins, the predicted CS3 sequence has no Cys residues.
Purification and some properties of xylanase from Aspergillus niger (2000)

Zymograms of the cultural supernatant of Aspergillus niger 149 showed xylanase^s two bands tentatively named X-I and X-II. X-I and X-II were purified to PAGE homogenity by (NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) fractionation and DEAE-Sephadex A50 column chromatography. The molecular mass of X-I and X-II estimated by SDS-PAGE and concentration gradient PAGE and 37kDa, 76kDa, 24kDa and 23kDa, respectively. X-I and X-II contained 27.6% and 7.3% carbohybrate residues, respectively.
Arachidonic acid epoxides. Isolation and structure of two hydroxy epoxide intermediates in the formation of 8,11,12- and 10,11,12-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. (1983)

Arachidonic acid and 12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8, 10, 14-tetraenoic acid are converted by a 0-30% ammonium sulfate fraction (Fraction A) of the high speed supernatant of rat lung into two hydroxy epoxides (EH-1 and EH-2) which have been purified by high performance liquid chromatography. These hydroxy epoxides are converted quantitatively into two triols (10,11,12- from EH-1 and 8,11,12- from EH-2) by a 30-50% ammonium sulfate fraction (Fraction B) of the high speed supernatant. We propose the structures, 8-hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosa-5,9,14-trienoic acid (EH-2) and 10-hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosa-5,8,14-trienoic acids (EH-1) for these intermediates on the basis of mass spectral interpretation of several derivatives including the lithium aluminum hydride reduction product of both natural and 18Oxygenated derivatives.
Use of signal sequences as an in situ removable sequence element to stimulate protein synthesis in cell-free extracts (2006)

This study developed a method to boost the expression of recombinant proteins in a cell-free protein synthesis system without leaving additional amino acid residues. It was found that the nucleotide sequences of the signal peptides serve as an efficient downstream box to stimulate protein synthesis when they were fused upstream of the target genes. The extent of stimulation was critically affected by the identity of the second codons of the signal sequences. Moreover, the yield of the synthesized protein was enhanced by as much as 10 times in the presence of an optimal second codon. The signal peptides were in situ cleaved and the target proteins were produced in their native sizes by carrying out the cell-free synthesis reactions in the presence of Triton X-100, most likely through the activation of signal peptidase in the S30 extract. The amplification of the template DNA and the addition of the signal sequences were accomplished by PCR. Hence, elevated levels of recombinant proteins were generated within several hours.
Episomal Segregation of the Adenovirus Enhancer Sequence by Conditional Genome Rearrangement Abrogates Late Viral Gene Expression (2000)

We have constructed a recombinant adenovirus gene delivery system that is capable of undergoing growth phase-dependent site-specific recombination. When propagated in 293 producer cells, the vector retains its linear double-stranded form and can be propagated to high titer and purified by conventional procedures. Upon introduction into target cells, the viral chromosome undergoes cyclization to generate an autonomously replicating circular episome and a detached linear fragment. The viral enhancer and reporter gene segregate with the circular episome, which contains no adenovirus open reading frames. The effect of rearrangement of adenovirus gene expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR measurement of the abundance of transcripts encoding the tripartite leader sequence (TPL) of the major late promoter. Whereas nonrearranging viruses produced approximately 10(4) TPL transcripts per 10(6) infecting genomes in the HepG2 liver cell line, no transcripts were detectable in the same cells infected with comparable levels of circularizing vector. Because no helper virus is required to propagate these vectors, the problems of recombination with and contamination by helper virus are eliminated. We also present an efficient and reliable method for generating recombinant adenoviruses.
VEGF Receptor Signaling in Tumor Angiogenesis (2000)

The growth of human tumors and development of metastases depend on the de novo formation of blood vessels. The formation of new blood vessels is tightly regulated by specific growth factors that target receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the Flk-1/KDR RTK have been implicated as the key endothelial cell-specific factor signaling pathway required for pathological angiogenesis, including tumor neovascularization. Inhibition of the VEGF tyrosine kinase signaling pathway blocks new blood vessel formation in growing tumors, leading to stasis or regression of tumor growth. Advances in understanding the biology of angiogenesis have led to the development of several therapeutic modalities for the inhibition of the VEGF tyrosine kinase signaling pathway. A number of these modalities are under investigation in clinical studies to evaluate their potential to treat human cancers.
A technique for measuring nonlinear bit shift (1991)

A novel method for measuring the bit position shift induced by neighboring transitions, known as nonlinear bit shift, is developed. The technique is based on special bit patterns which do not contain a specific frequency component when written without nonlinear bit shift. The presence of nonlinear bit shift will result in the appearance of this component and the amount of bit shift can be determined from its intensity. In the present work, a pattern that is insensitive to disturbances from certain unwanted effects such as the hard-transition shift, the positive-negative write current asymmetry, and the magnetoresistive head positive-negative readback asymmetry is used. Experimental results from the proposed method are in good agreement with those obtained by measuring pulse positions in the time domain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nitrogen and Carbon Nutrient and Metabolite Signaling in Plants (2001)

The effect of nutrients on plant growth and development has been studied for over 350 years since the experiments of van Helmont in 1648 (6). Recent studies on nutrient effects in plants have involved separating their role as building blocks of organic matter or cofactors from their potential role
Formation of retinal pigment epithelium in vitro by transdifferentiation of neural retina cells (2001)

Chick embryonic neural retina (NR) dedifferentiates in culture and can transdifferentiate spontaneously into retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Both, primary RPE and transdifferentiated RPE (RPEt), are characterized by pigmentation, expression of RPE-specific protein, eRPEAG and lack of expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM. In contrast, NR cells are unpigmented and express NCAM but not eRPE(AG). Functionally, both primary RPE and the RPEt cells display a pH(i) response to bFGF, which is different from that of the NR. We used these characteristics to distinguish cell types in primary cultures of chick NR and follow the changes in phenotype that occur during transdifferentiation. We show that the RPEt forms as small "islands" in the packed regions of the primary, "mother" NR cell sheets, in a stochastic process. Because of a small number of cells involved in the initiation of the transdifferentiation we refer to it as a "leader effect" to contrast it with the "community effect" which requires many competent cells to be present in a group to be able to respond to an inductive signal. The RPEt then expands centrifugally and underneath the surrounding NR sheet. To determine if the RPEt maintains its identity in isolation while displaying the RPE-typical phenotypic plasticity, we explanted the islands of RPEt and treated half of them with bFGF. The untreated RPEt maintained its closely packed, polygonal pigmented phenotype but the bFGF-treated RPEt transdifferentiated into a non-pigmented, NR-like phenotype, indicating that RPEt encompasses the full differentiation repertoire of native RPE.
Blockade of PSGL-1 attenuates CD14+ monocytic cell recruitment in intestinal mucosa and ameliorates ileitis in SAMP1/Yit mice (2004)

The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) is not known. However, monocytes and macrophages are thought to play important roles in the development of mucosal inflammation. Therefore, in this study, we examined the role of monocyte-endothelial cell interactions in senescence-accelerated mouse P1 (SAMP1)/Yit mice, a murine model of spontaneous ileitis. Fluorescence-labeled CD14+ monocytic cells isolated from the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of AKR/J (control) mice were injected into the tail veins of recipient (AKR/J and SAMP1/Yit) mice, and migration in the postcapillary venules (PCV) of Peyer's patches, submucosal venules, and villus microvessels of the terminal ileum was monitored by using an intravital microscope. Rolling and adhesion of CD14+ monocytic cells in the PCV of Peyer's patches and microvessels of the terminal ileum were increased in SAMP1/Yit mice. An immunohistochemical study showed increased expression of P-selectin glycoprotein-1 (PSGL-1), P-selectin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in the terminal ileum of SAMP1/Yit mice. Antibodies against these three adhesion molecules significantly inhibited adhesion of CD14+ monocytic cells to the PCV of Peyer's patches and microvessels of the terminal ileum, treatment with an anti-PSGL-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) showing the strongest suppressive effect. Anti-PSGL-1 mAb also attenuated T cell adhesion in microvessels of intestinal mucosa. In addition, periodical administration of an anti-PSGL-1 mAb for 7 weeks significantly ameliorated ileitis of SAMP1/Yit mice. The results suggest that PSGL-1-P-selectin interaction plays an important role in monocyte-endothelial cell interactions and the development of ileitis in a murine model of CD and that the blockade of this adhesion molecule may be a novel strategy for treating CD.
Taxane-Mediated Antiangiogenesis in Vitro (2004)

Paclitaxel (Taxol) and docetaxel (Taxotere) have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis at low concentrations that do not affect cancer cell proliferation. Here, we used rat aortic rings and human umbilical vein endothelial cells to evaluate the influence of their formulation vehicles Cremophor EL and polysorbate 80, as well as serum binding proteins on taxane-mediated antiangiogenesis. The data show that clinically relevant concentrations of the vehicles and binding proteins nullify the antiangiogenic activity of both taxanes. It is suggested that these agents may need to be used at much higher doses than anticipated for effective antiangiogenic chemotherapy.
Integrin αIIb promoter-targeted expression of gene products in megakaryocytes derived from retrovirus-transduced human hematopoietic cells (1999)

Megakaryocyte-specific expression of the platelet-adhesion receptor, integrin alphaIIbbeta3, is caused by the presence of regulatory elements of the alphaIIb promoter that direct high-level, selective gene transcription early in megakaryocytopoiesis. To develop methods for targeted expression of transgenes, we transduced human CD34+ peripheral blood cells with a murine leukemia virus (MuLV) vector controlled by the human integrin alphaIIb promoter (nucleotides -889 to +35). A naturally occurring cDNA encoding the Pl(A2) alloantigen form (Pro(33)) of the integrin beta3 subunit was subcloned into this construct (-889Pl(A2)beta3) and transduced into cells that endogenously synthesized Pl(A1)beta3 (Leu(33)) as a marker for detection of provirus-derived beta3. The ability of this vector to target expression of Pl(A2)beta3 to megakaryocytes was first examined in cell lines. Immunoblot analysis with human anti-Pl(A2) alloserum detected synthesis of Pl(A2)beta3 in transduced promegakaryocytic cells; however, Pl(A2)beta3 protein was not detected in transduced epithelial cells. Human hematopoietic CD34+ cells were transduced with -889Pl(A2)beta3 virions and induced to differentiate with megakaryocyte growth and development factor. A hybrid alphaIIbbeta3 complex was formed in progeny megakaryocytes where provirus-derived Pl(A2)beta3 was detected associated with endogenous alphaIIb subunit. Another alphaIIb promoter-driven MuLV vector (-889nlacZ) encoding Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase was used to demonstrate that transgene expression was selectively targeted to the megakaryocyte progeny of transduced CD34+ cells. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using alphaIIb promoter-driven MuLV vectors for gene transfer of hematopoietic CD34+ cells to target transgene expression in developing megakaryocytes and platelets and indicate potential applications toward human gene therapy for platelet disorders.
Current–voltage and reverse recovery characteristics of bulk GaN p-i-n rectifiers (2003)

p-i-n rectifiers were fabricated on epitaxial layers grown on free-standing GaN substrates. The forward turn-on voltage, VF was ∼5 V at 300 K and displayed a positive temperature coefficient. The specific on-state resistance (RON) was ∼5 mΩ cm2 at 300 K, with an ideality factor of ∼2 and activation energy for low forward current density of ∼1.6 eV. This is consistent with carrier recombination in the space charge region via a midgap deep level. The figure-of-merit, VB2/RON, where VB is the reverse breakdown voltage, was 0.32 MW cm−2. The reverse recovery time was ⩽600 ns at 300 K. The improved forward characteristics relative to previous heteroepitaxial p-i-n GaN rectifiers show the advantages of employing a GaN substrate to make a true vertical transport geometry device.
The Cancer Genome Atlas Pan-Cancer analysis project (2013)

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile.