gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the interaction between the light chain of factor VIIa and tissue factor (1997)

Factor VIIa (fVIIa) consists of a heavy chain (serine protease domain) and a light chain (gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-rich and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains). The light chain, primarily the first EGF-like domain, appears to provide most of the binding energy in the interaction with tissue factor (TF). The Ca2+-binding sites in the protease domain and in the first EGF-like domain influence activity and interaction with TF, but the contribution from the Ca2+-binding sites in the Gla domain has not been established. We have compared the soluble TF (sTF)-binding properties of intact fVIIa to those of a fragment comprising almost the entire light chain and a small disulphide-linked peptide from the protease domain. Half-maximal binding of fVIIa and the light chain to sTF occurred around 0.3 and 1 mM Ca2+, respectively. The Ca2+ dependence of light-chain binding indicates an influence of Ca2+ binding to the Gla domain on the interaction between fVIIa and sTF. Comparison of the sTF-binding properties of fVIIa and a truncated variant lacking the Gla domain suggests that this domain interferes with sTF association at suboptimal Ca2+ concentrations. The light chain of fVIIa associated 5-fold slower with sTF than did fVIIa at saturating Ca2+ concentrations, whereas the dissociation of its complex with sTF was at least 100-fold faster than that of fVIIa:sTF. This gave a dissociation constant of 1-2 microM for the interaction between the light chain and sTF compared to about 3 nM for the fVIIa:sTF interaction.
Interferon‐γ is essential for the development of cerebral malaria (1997)

Infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) causes fatal cerebral malaria (CM). While a pathogenic role for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been established, we asked whether a disruption of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) signaling would modulate CM. We demonstrate here that IFN-gammaR-deficient mice are completely protected from CM. PbA-induced release of TNF and up-regulation of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression, recruitment of mononuclear cells, and cerebral microvascular damage with vascular leakage occur only in wild-type mice. Protected mice die at a later time of severe anemia and overwhelming parasitemia. Resistance to CM in IFN-gammaR-deficient mice is associated with reduced serum TNF levels, reduced interleukin-12 expression in the brain and increased T-helper 2 cytokines. In conclusion, IFN-gamma is apparently required for PbA-induced endothelial ICAM-1 up-regulation and subsequent microvascular pathology, resulting in fatal CM. In the absence of IFN-gamma signaling, ICAM-1 and TNF up-regulation is reduced; hence, PbA infection fails to cause fatal CM.
Real-time sleep quality assessment using single-lead ECG and multi-stage SVM classifier (2010)

Sleep efficiency measures provide an objective assessment to gauge the quality of individual's sleep. In this study we present a home-based, automated and non-intrusive system that is based on Electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements and uses a multi-stage Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier to measure three indices for sleep quality assessment per 30 s epoch segment: Sleep Efficiency Index, Delta-Sleep Efficiency Index and Sleep Onset Latency. This method provides an alternative to the intrusive and expensive Polysomnography (PSG) and scoring by Rechtschaffen and Kales visual method.
A SnO2 Nanoparticle/Nanobelt and Si Heterojunction Light-Emitting Diode (2010)

Single-crystalline zero-dimensional tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles and one-dimensional SnO2 nanobelts were synthesized on silicon (Si) substrates with different seed layer coatings by simple vapor-phase transport method. The crystal structure and morphology of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman scattering spectroscopy. Both geometrically different nanostructures were further employed to fabricate the light-emitting diodes and showed dominant red and green emission bands at room temperature, which were ascribed to the deep defect states in SnO2. However, SnO2-nanobelts-based light-emitting diodes showed another violet emission peaking at ca. 400 nm which was attributed to the shallow defect state related to the surface states/defects. The different emission performance between nanoparticle and nanobelts devices was attributed to the larger surface-to-volume ratio of the nanobelts, which was confirmed by the Raman and photoluminescence analysis. A thin SiO2 intermediate layer was found to be crucial in achieving light emission from a n-SnO2/p-Si heterojunction with large valence band offset (ca. 2.96 eV), by which sufficient potential-energy difference can be maintained between SnO2 and Si, thus facilitating the tunneling injection of holes.
A New Structure for Combining Echo Cancellation and Beamforming in Changing Acoustical Environments (2007)

This paper proposes a new robust structure for combining acoustic echo cancellation and microphone array beamforming. The new structure employs short adaptive filters in the acoustic echo cancellers that precede the beamformer, allowing for quick tracking of time variations within the hands-free environment. The beamformer is followed by a single echo canceller to further suppress echo. Simulations show that by taking into consideration the dynamic behaviour of the hands-free environment, the proposed structure reconverges faster compared to standard combined structures during changing acoustical environment conditions. An improvement in ERLE of up to 10 dB is observed during reconvergence.
Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 Expression by Targeting the Endothelin A Receptor in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells (2004)

These results indicate that impairing COX-1 and COX-2 and their downstream effect by targeting ET(A)R can be therapeutically advantageous in ovarian carcinoma treatment. Pharmacological blockade of the ET(A)R is an attractive strategy to control COX-2 induction, which has been associated with ovarian carcinoma progression and chemoresistance.
T lymphocyte co-signaling pathways of the B7-CD28 family. (2004)

The past years have witnessed significant advance in our understanding of critical roles of T cell co-signals in B7-CD28 family molecules in regulating T cell activation and tolerance. New co-signaling molecules have been identified and their functions have been delineated. These co-signaling pathways play overlapping and distinct regulatory roles at various stages of a T cell response. By expressing in appropriate time and location, these pathways have different regulatory functions through independent receptors or on different subsets of lymphocytes. Precise understanding of these pathways will allow the development of novel approaches to treatment of human diseases such as cancer, viral infection, autoimmune diseases and transplantation rejection.
Conformationally strained trans-cyclooctene with improved stability and excellent reactivity in tetrazine ligation (2014)

Computation has guided the design of conformationally-strained dioxolane-fused <i>trans</i>-cyclooctene (d-TCO) derivatives that display excellent reactivity in the tetrazine ligation. A water soluble derivative of 3,6-dipyridyl-<i>s</i>-tetrazine reacts with d-TCO with a second order rate <i>k</i><sub>2</sub> 366,000 (+/- 15,000) M<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> at 25 °C in pure water. Furthermore, d-TCO derivatives can be prepared easily, are accessed through diastereoselective synthesis, and are typically crystalline bench-stable solids that are stable in aqueous solution, blood serum, or in the presence of thiols in buffered solution. GFP with a genetically encoded tetrazine-containing amino acid was site-specifically labelled <i>in vivo</i> by a d-TCO derivative. The fastest bioorthogonal reaction reported to date [<i>k</i><sub>2</sub> 3,300,000 (+/- 40,000) M<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> in H<sub>2</sub>O at 25 °C] is described herein with a cyclopropane-fused <i>trans</i>-cyclooctene. d-TCO derivatives display rates within an order of magnitude of these fastest <i>trans</i>-cyclooctene reagents, and also display enhanced stability and aqueous solubility.
STAT3 complements defects in an interferon-resistant cell line: Evidence for an essential role for STAT3 in interferon signaling and biological activities (1998)

STAT proteins play critical roles in the signal transduction pathways for various cytokines. The type I interferons (IFNalpha/beta) promote the DNA-binding activity of the transcription factors STAT1, STAT2, and STAT3. Although the requirement for STAT1 and STAT2 in IFNalpha/beta signaling and action is well documented, the biological importance of STAT3 to IFN action has not yet been addressed. We found that STAT3 plays a critical role in signal transduction by IFNalpha/beta. A human cell line that is resistant to the antiviral and antiproliferative activities of IFN but is still IFN-responsive by virtue of STAT1 and STAT2 activation was found to be defective in STAT3 activation and in induction of NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity. Expression of STAT3 in these resistant cells complemented these signaling defects and also markedly increased cellular sensitivity to the antiviral and antiproliferative effects of IFN. Because STAT3 is involved in the induction of NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity and in the induction of antiviral and antiproliferative activity, our results place STAT3 as an important upstream element in type I IFN signal transduction and in the induction of biological activities. Therefore, our results indicate that STAT1 and STAT2 are not the only STATs required for the expression of the key biological activities of IFNalpha/beta.
Radiological, pathological and DNA remission in recurrent metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2006)

This case highlights the high chemosensitivity of NPC by illustrating a rare occurrence of complete response of metastatic NPC to chemotherapy. This case also underscores the usefulness of EBV-DNA as a useful tool in monitoring NPC by its ability to detect early recurrence and excellent correlation with treatment response.
A study of some properties of mineralized turkey leg tendon (1992)

Several macroscopic physical properties of mineralized turkey leg tendon were measured including wet density, composition, volume fractions of the major components, sonic velocity in three axes, longitudinal modulus and dimensional changes on drying. Where possible the properties were related to density. Typically the wet density of unmineralized tissue is 1.09 g/cc, where for fully mineralized tissue it is 1.6 g/cc (compared with 2.06 to 2.10 g/cc for compact cow bone). Longitudinal sonic velocity axially is 3.22 km/sec, 2.57 km/sec transversely and 2.21 km/sec in thickness. The axial longitudinal modulus is 16.7 GPa compared to the axial Young's modulus of 8.53 GPa. MTLT shrinks 0.5% axially, 4.75% transversely and 4.15% in thickness. The anisotropy is equally exhibited in its microscopic structure when observed optically. Least squares second order curves were fitted to the water, mineral and organic component experimental values. Apparently the water in MTLT is replaced by mineral, unlike the process in bone where there is less organic matter as the mineral content increases and the water fraction changes much less. The generalized packing model for collagen was used to relate the data to the ultrastructure. The distribution of the major components between the intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar volumes as a function of the density was calculated. The results show the intrafibrillar volume fraction increases with density, the water content of the intrafibrillar volume remains almost constant, but the water fraction of the extrafibrillar volume decreases from 51 to 8% of the water in the tissue. It is concluded that the mineralization process in MTLT differs from that in bone.
The cell substrate attachment (CSAT) antigen has properties of a receptor for laminin and fibronectin. (1985)

The cell substrate attachment (CSAT) antigen is an integral membrane glycoprotein complex that participates in the adhesion of cells to extracellular molecules. The CSAT monoclonal antibody, directed against this complex, inhibited adhesion of cardiac and tendon fibroblasts and skeletal myoblasts to both laminin and fibronectin, thus implicating the CSAT antigen in adhesion to these extracellular molecules. Equilibrium gel filtration was used to explore the hypothesis that the CSAT antigen functions as a cell surface receptor for both laminin and fibronectin. In this technique, designed for rapidly exchanging equilibria, the gel filtration column is pre-equilibrated with extracellular ligand to ensure receptor occupancy during its journey through the column. Both laminin and fibronectin formed complexes with the CSAT antigen. The association with laminin was inhibited by the CSAT monoclonal antibody; the associations with both fibronectin and laminin were inhibited by synthetic peptides containing the fibronectin cell-binding sequence. Estimates of the dissociation constants by equilibrium gel filtration agree well with those available from other measurements. This suggests that these associations are biologically significant. SDS PAGE showed that all three glycoproteins comprising the CSAT antigen were present in the antigen-ligand complexes. Gel filtration and velocity sedimentation were used to show that the three bands comprise and oligomeric complex, which provides an explanation for their functional association. The inhibition of adhesion by the CSAT monoclonal antibody and the association of the purified antigen with extracellular ligands are interpreted as strongly implicating the CSAT antigen as a receptor for both fibronectin and laminin and perhaps for other extracellular molecules as well.
Translating the A1C Assay Into Estimated Average Glucose Values (2008)

A1C levels can be expressed as eAG for most patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Rapid Evolution of Novel Traits in Microorganisms (2001)

The use of natural microorganisms in biotransformations is frequently constrained by their limited tolerance to the high concentrations of metabolites and solvents required for effective industrial production. In many cases, more robust strains have to be generated by random mutagenesis and selection. This process of directed evolution can be accelerated in mutator strains, which carry defects in one or more of their DNA repair genes. However, in order to use mutator strains, it is essential to restore the normal low mutation rate of the selected organisms immediately after selection to prevent the accumulation of undesirable spontaneous mutations. To enable this process, we constructed temperature-sensitive plasmids that temporarily increase the mutation frequency of their hosts by 20- to 4,000-fold. Under appropriate selection pressure, microorganisms transformed with mutator plasmids can be quickly evolved to exhibit new, complex traits. By using this approach, we were able to increase the tolerance of three bacterial strains to dimethylformamide by 10 to 20 g/liter during only two subsequent transfers. Subsequently, the evolved strains were returned to their normal low mutation rate by curing the cells of the mutator plasmids. Our results demonstrate a new and efficient method for rapid strain improvement based on in vivo mutagenesis.
Silicon-Organic Hybrid (SOH) and Plasmonic-Organic Hybrid (POH) Integration (2015)

Silicon photonics offers tremendous potential for inexpensive high-yield photonic-electronic integration. Besides conventional dielectric waveguides, plasmonic structures can also be efficiently realized on the silicon photonic platform, reducing device footprint by more than an order of magnitude. However, neither silicon nor metals exhibit appreciable second-order optical nonlinearities, thereby making efficient electro-optic modulators challenging to realize. These deficiencies can be overcome by the concepts of silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid integration, which combine SOI waveguides and plasmonic nanostructures with organic electro-optic cladding materials.
Characterization of Altered Forms of Glycyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase and the Effects of Such Alterations on Aminoacyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis In Vivo (1970)

The glycyl transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase (GRS) activities of several Escherichia coli glyS mutants have been partially characterized; the K(m) for glycine and the apparent V(max) of several of the altered GRS differ significantly from the parental GRS. Paradoxically, some of the altered forms exhibit more activity in vitro than the GRS from a prototrophic strain (GRS(L)); several parameters of these activities have been studied in an attempt to resolve this problem. The amount of acylated tRNA(Gly) in vivo was examined to assess the GRS activities inside the cells. During exponential growth in media containing glycine, moderate amounts of acylated tRNA(Gly) occur in the glyS mutants; glycine deprivation leads to a dramatic drop in the amount of acylated tRNA(Gly). An alternative measure of the in vivo activities of the altered enzymes is the efficiency of suppression of the trpA36 locus by su(36) (+); glyS mutants grown with added glycine exhibit one-third to one-fourth the suppression efficiency of the prototrophic glyS(H) parent, presumably because they are less efficient, even in the presence of high levels of glycine, in charging the tRNA(Gly) species which functions as the translational suppressor.
Professor Forcing: A New Algorithm for Training Recurrent Networks (2016)

The Teacher Forcing algorithm trains recurrent networks by supplying observed sequence values as inputs during training and using the network's own one-step-ahead predictions to do multi-step sampling. We introduce the Professor Forcing algorithm, which uses adversarial domain adaptation to encourage the dynamics of the recurrent network to be the same when training the network and when sampling from the network over multiple time steps. We apply Professor Forcing to language modeling, vocal synthesis on raw waveforms, handwriting generation, and image generation. Empirically we find that Professor Forcing acts as a regularizer, improving test likelihood on character level Penn Treebank and sequential MNIST. We also find that the model qualitatively improves samples, especially when sampling for a large number of time steps. This is supported by human evaluation of sample quality. Trade-offs between Professor Forcing and Scheduled Sampling are discussed. We produce T-SNEs showing that Professor Forcing successfully makes the dynamics of the network during training and sampling more similar.
Diethylenetriamine complexes of platinum(II) halides (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiethylenetriamine complexes of platinum(II) halidesGeorge W. Watt and Willis A. CudeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1968, 7, 2, 335–338Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50060a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50060a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Requirement of an ICE-Like Protease for Induction of Apoptosis and Ceramide Generation by REAPER (1996)

Genetic studies indicated that the Drosophila melanogaster protein REAPER (RPR) controls apoptosis during embryo development. Induction of RPR expression in Drosophila Schneider cells rapidly stimulated apoptosis. RPR-mediated apoptosis was blocked by N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-fmk), which suggests that an interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease is required for RPR function. RPR-induced apoptosis was associated with increased ceramide production that was also blocked by Z-VAD-fmk, which suggests that ceramide generation requires an ICE-like protease as well. Thus, the intracellular RPR protein uses cell death signaling pathways similar to those used by the vertebrate transmembrane receptors Fas (CD95) and tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1.
Decreased expression of the human stem cell marker, Rex-1 (zfp-42) , in renal cell carcinoma (2005)

The Rex-1 (Zfp-42) gene encodes a zinc finger family transcription factor which is highly expressed in mouse and human embryonic stem cells. It is one of several gene markers used to identify human stem cells. While several organs are known to harbor adult human stem cells, the presence and distribution of stem cells in both the normal and neoplastic adult kidney remains largely unknown. In this study we evaluated Rex-1 mRNA and protein expression in normal and malignant kidney tissue specimens from human patients. Rex-1 mRNA expression was determined using both reverse transcription and real-time PCR. REX1 protein expression was assessed by western analysis and immunohistochemistry, using an affinity-purified, polyclonal antibody to the REX1 protein. We found that 14 of 15 (93%) non-tumor renal parenchymal specimens demonstrated Rex-1 mRNA, compared with 5 of 14 (36%) renal tumors (P < 0.005). REX1 protein expression was detected in 21 of 23 (91%) non-tumor and in 7 of 19 (37%) tumor specimens (P < 0.001). Furthermore, in six of these seven renal tumor specimens where REX1 protein expression was detected, the levels were at least 3-fold lower than those in adjacent, normal kidney tissue. There were no differences in Rex-1 mRNA or protein expression among the various histologic subtypes of renal tumors (clear cell carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, chromophobe carcinoma and oncocytoma). Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the absence of REX1 in three renal tumor specimens (two clear cell and one papillary carcinoma), while the REX1 protein was detected in a small percentage of proximal tubular cells in normal renal tissue. Immunohistochemical staining of another stem cell marker, OCT4, demonstrated a similar pattern of protein expression in a small percentage of normal renal proximal tubular cells. In summary, we were able to detect Rex-1 mRNA and protein expression in over 90% of normal renal parenchymal specimens and we observed a significant reduction in REX1 expression in renal tumor specimens of all histologic subtypes.