gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arithmetic in Base Ten (1979)

In the first chapter the different number systems were introduced together with simple calculations in various bases. In this chapter the ordinary processes of arithmetic in base ten are studied in greater detail, and examples are given of ways of using them in everyday life.
Decreased plasma cholesterol and hypersensitivity to statins in mice lacking Pcsk9 (2005)

PCSK9 encodes proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9a (PCSK9), a member of the proteinase K subfamily of subtilases. Missense mutations in PCSK9 cause an autosomal dominant form of hypercholesterolemia in humans, likely due to a gain-of-function mechanism because overexpression of either WT or mutant PCSK9 reduces hepatic LDL receptor protein (LDLR) in mice. Here, we show that livers of knockout mice lacking PCSK9 manifest increased LDLR protein but not mRNA. Increased LDLR protein led to increased clearance of circulating lipoproteins and decreased plasma cholesterol levels (46 mg/dl in Pcsk9(-/-) mice versus 96 mg/dl in WT mice). Statins, a class of drugs that inhibit cholesterol synthesis, increase expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), a transcription factor that activates both the Ldlr and Pcsk9 genes. Statin administration to Pcsk9(-/-) mice produced an exaggerated increase in LDLRs in liver and enhanced LDL clearance from plasma. These data demonstrate that PCSK9 regulates the amount of LDLR protein in liver and suggest that inhibitors of PCSK9 may act synergistically with statins to enhance LDLRs and reduce plasma cholesterol.
Enhancing the Locomotion of an In Vivo Robot for Cardiac Surgery (2006)

This paper describes a technique to improve the locomotion of a miniature crawling robot, (Heart Lander) that uses suction to adhere to the surface of the beating heart. During locomotion, maintaining a vacuum seal with at least one of the suction pads is crucial. A new algorithm was developed to analyze data from pressure sensors monitoring the suction pads to accurately determine the suction status. HeartLander demonstrated successful locomotion on a realistic beating heart model when the algorithm was implemented.
Photoreactions of cyclic imides. Examples of synthetic organic photochemistry (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoreactions of cyclic imides. Examples of synthetic organic photochemistryYuichi KanaokaCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1978, 11, 11, 407–413Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50131a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50131a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views829Altmetric-Citations165LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Discriminant waveletfaces and nearest feature classifiers for face recognition (2002)

Feature extraction, discriminant analysis, and classification rules are three crucial issues for face recognition. We present hybrid approaches to handle three issues together. For feature extraction, we apply the multiresolution wavelet transform to extract the waveletface. We also perform the linear discriminant analysis on waveletfaces to reinforce discriminant power. During classification, the nearest feature plane (NFP) and nearest feature space (NFS) classifiers are explored for robust decisions in presence of wide facial variations. Their relationships to conventional nearest neighbor and nearest feature line classifiers are demonstrated. In the experiments, the discriminant waveletface incorporated with the NFS classifier achieves the best face recognition performance.
Reperfusion-induced injury to the blood-brain barrier after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. (1994)

These findings demonstrate that brain infarct and blood-brain barrier disruption are exacerbated after reperfusion in this model of focal ischemia. Blood-brain barrier disruption may relate to the degree of cerebral blood flow recovery. Thus, although early reperfusion in focal ischemia may preserve penumbra tissue, late reperfusion may increase the tissue injury.
Steroidal Saponins from the Rhizomes ofParis polyphylla var. chinensisand their Cytotoxic Activity on HL-60 Cells (2000)

Abstract A new spirostanol steroidal saponin, along with ten known saponins, which were based upon (25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-o1 (diosgenin) or (25R)-spirost-5-ene-3β5,17α-diol (pennogenin) as the aglycones, were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. Spectral data, including two-dimensional NMR, and the result of hydrolytic cleavage showed that the structure of the new saponin was pennogenin 3-0-{O−α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside}. The isolated saponins were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity on human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells.
Infectious RNA transcribed from stably cloned full-length cDNA of dengue type 4 virus. (1991)

Dengue virus is an enveloped positive-strand RNA virus with a genome approximately 11 kilobases in length. The four serotypes of dengue virus are currently the most important members of the flavivirus family in terms of geographical distribution and the incidence of infection in humans. In this communication we describe successful cloning of a stable full-length cDNA copy of dengue type 4 virus that can be used as the template for in vitro transcription of infectious RNA. Evidence is presented that dengue virus recovered from permissive cells transfected with the in vitro RNA transcripts retained a mutation that was engineered into full-length cDNA. The properties of the virus produced by cells transfected with infectious RNA transcripts of dengue cDNA resembled those of the virus from which the cDNA clone was derived. The dengue virus recombinant DNA system should prove helpful in gaining a better understanding of the molecular biology of dengue viruses and should facilitate the development of a safe and effective live vaccine for use in humans.
Articular Cartilage Regeneration With Autologous Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cells and Hyaluronic Acid After Arthroscopic Subchondral Drilling: A Report of 5 Cases With Histology (2011)

Level IV, therapeutic case series.
The role of holistic paradigms in handwritten word recognition (2001)

The holistic paradigm in handwritten word recognition treats the word as a single, indivisible entity and attempts to recognize words from their overall shape, as opposed to their character contents. In this survey, we have attempted to take a fresh look at the potential role of the holistic paradigm in handwritten word recognition. The survey begins with an overview of studies of reading which provide evidence for the existence of a parallel holistic reading process,in both developing and skilled readers. In what we believe is a fresh perspective on handwriting recognition, approaches to recognition are characterized as forming a continuous spectrum based on the visual complexity of the unit of recognition employed and an attempt is made to interpret well-known paradigms of word recognition in this framework. An overview of features, methodologies, representations, and matching techniques employed by holistic approaches is presented.
Sensibilidad de la recaudación impositiva al ciclo económico: aplicación al IRPF y a los impuestos sobre el consumo en España (2014)

En este articulo se modeliza la elasticidad de la recaudacion por impuestos sobre el
consumo ante cambios en la renta bajo disenos alternativos del impuesto sobre la renta de
las personas fisicas. El calculo se realiza tanto para un contribuyente individual como para
el agregado de una poblacion contribuyente. Las expresiones obtenidas se aplican a la
realidad espanola despues de realizar la fusion estadistica entre el Panel del Impuesto sobre
la Renta de las Personas Fisicas y la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares. Para el agregado
nacional, los resultados confirman una elasticidad de la recaudacion de la imposicion sobre
el consumo a la renta antes de impuestos ligeramente superior a la unidad en (1,0087). Sin
embargo, la elasticidad de esa recaudacion a la renta disponible neta de IRPF alcanza un
valor de 1,127. Por su parte, la elasticidad de la recaudacion del Impuesto sobre la Renta
ante cambios en la renta antes de impuestos es de 1,37. Estas elasticidades, no obstante,
presentan divergencias regionales y por categorias socioeconomicas no despreciables.
The Yeast Plasmid 2 μ Circle (1981)

INTRODUCTION Investigation of the yeast plasmid 2 μ circle has been pursued in a number of laboratories as a result of the recognition of its potential both for the study of eukaryotic DNA replication and as a cloning vector for yeast. In addition, its ability to interconvert between two separate structures by intramolecular recombination has fostered speculation that expression of the molecule may be modulated by DNA rearrangement. Thus, 2 μ circle can also serve as a model system for specialized recombination in a eukaryotic cell with the possibility that this system will provide insights into an unusual form of gene regulation. In this article I plan to review current knowledge on the cellular location, structure, expression, and functions of 2 μ circle with an emphasis on those results that concern the above three topics. By necessity, certain aspects of these topics are covered in other chapters in this volume. The similarities of 2 μ circle and chromosomal DNA replication—specifically the dependence of 2 μ circle DNA replication on the cell cycle and on chromosomally encoded replication functions—are reviewed by Fangman and Zakian (this volume) and, as a consequence, will not be recapitulated here. However, I will discuss those aspects of 2 μ circle replication that distinguish it from chromosomal DNA replication. Similarly, although the use of 2 μ circle as a cloning vector is described by Botstein and Davis (1982), the distinctive characteristics of 2 μ -circle-mediated transformation, as well as the use of yeast transformation as a means of analyzing 2 μ circle functions, is covered...
The cell cycle and cancer (1997)

Understanding household behavior and its macro consequences for society is pivotal for climate change adaptation. Yet, traditional policy decision-support models for nature–society systems oversimplify human behavior. Using original modeling ...Despite the growing calls to integrate realistic human behavior in sustainability science models, the representative rational agent prevails. This is especially problematic for climate change adaptation that relies on actions at various scales: from ...
Changes in Purkinje cell firing and gene expression precede behavioral pathology in a mouse model of SCA2 (2012)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder, which is caused by a pathological expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the coding region of the ATXN2 gene. Like other ataxias, SCA2 most overtly affects Purkinje cells (PCs) in the cerebellum. Using a transgenic mouse model expressing a full-length ATXN2(Q127)-complementary DNA under control of the Pcp2 promoter (a PC-specific promoter), we examined the time course of behavioral, morphologic, biochemical and physiological changes with particular attention to PC firing in the cerebellar slice. Although motor performance began to deteriorate at 8 weeks of age, reductions in PC number were not seen until after 12 weeks. Decreases in the PC firing frequency first showed at 6 weeks and paralleled deterioration of motor performance with progression of disease. Transcription changes in several PC-specific genes such as Calb1 and Pcp2 mirrored the time course of changes in PC physiology with calbindin-28 K changes showing the first small, but significant decreases at 4 weeks. These results emphasize that in this model of SCA2, physiological and behavioral phenotypes precede morphological changes by several weeks and provide a rationale for future studies examining the effects of restoration of firing frequency on motor function and prevention of future loss of PCs.
Finding meaning on YouTube: Tag recommendation and category discovery (2010)

We present a system that automatically recommends tags for YouTube videos solely based on their audiovisual content. We also propose a novel framework for unsupervised discovery of video categories that exploits knowledge mined from the World-Wide Web text documents/searches. First, video content to tag association is learned by training classifiers that map audiovisual content-based features from millions of videos on YouTube.com to existing uploader-supplied tags for these videos. When a new video is uploaded, the labels provided by these classifiers are used to automatically suggest tags deemed relevant to the video. Our system has learned a vocabulary of over 20,000 tags. Secondly, we mined large volumes of Web pages and search queries to discover a set of possible text entity categories and a set of associated is-A relationships that map individual text entities to categories. Finally, we apply these is-A relationships mined from web text on the tags learned from audiovisual content of videos to automatically synthesize a reliable set of categories most relevant to videos – along with a mechanism to predict these categories for new uploads. We then present rigorous rating studies that establish that: (a) the average relevance of tags automatically recommended by our system matches the average relevance of the uploader-supplied tags at the same or better coverage and (b) the average precision@K of video categories discovered by our system is 70% with K=5.
The Realm of the Nanopore (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFEATURENEXTThe Realm of the NanoporeJennifer GriffithsCite this: Anal. Chem. 2008, 80, 1, 23–27Publication Date (Web):January 1, 2008Publication History Published online1 January 2008Published inissue 1 January 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac085995zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac085995znewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1288Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Nanopores Get e-Alerts
Adhesion and Wetting of Nanoparticles on Soft Surfaces (2014)

We study adhesion of spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles on soft (gel-like) substrates using a combination of the molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical calculations. The substrate deformation is obtained as a function of the gel shear modulus, nanoparticle size, surface tension of nanoparticles and substrate, and work of adhesion. It was shown recently that the classical JKR model can only be applied to describe nanoparticle adhesion on relatively stiff substrates. In this so-called adhesion regime the deformation of the substrate is determined by balancing the elastic energy of indentation and the work of adhesion between a nanoparticle and a gel. However, in the case of soft gels when substrates undergo moderate deformations the depth of the indentation produced by a nanoparticle is determined by the surface tension of the gel and the work of adhesion (the wetting regime). We present an analytical model describing crossover between adhesion and wetting regimes. In the framework of this model a crossover between different interaction regimes is controlled by a dimensionless parameter γs(GRp)−2/3W–1/3, where γs and G are the surface tension and shear modulus of the gel, W is the work of adhesion between gel and nanoparticle, and Rp is the nanoparticle radius. Nanoparticle adhesion regime corresponds to small values of this parameter, γs(GRp)−2/3W–1/3 ≪ 1, while the wetting regime takes place at γs(GRp)−2/3W–1/3 ≫ 1. We applied our model to obtain work of adhesion between silicon substrates and silica microspheres and to obtain surface tension of silicon gels from particle indentation experiments.
Therapeutic Approaches to Neonatal Jaundice: An International Survey (1996)

Jaundice is one of the most common clinical phenomena in the neonatal period and a frequent indication for treatment with phototherapy, exchange transfusion, or drugs. The present study documents the variability in approaches to the treatment of this condition. A mail questionnaire was sent to neonatal units worldwide. One hundred and eight answers (49% response rate) were received from Europe (n = 72), North America (n = 28), Africa (n = 7), and Asia (n = 1). The neonatal intensive care units represented by the respondents had 31 +/- 18 beds [mean +/- SD], and 638 +/- 519 admissions per year. All units offered phototherapy, 106/108 performed exchange transfusion, while 44/108 used some form of drug therapy. There was considerable variability among the units in their approaches to the jaundiced neonate. This applied to all aspects of care, including type of phototherapy lights used, practical implementation of phototherapy, use of fluid supplementation, and use of prophylactic phototherapy. The majority used written protocols for investigation and treatment of neonatal jaundice and would let their decision on whether to treat be influenced by the infant's clinical state. There was great variability between units in the level of serum bilirubin that would trigger therapy. This applied across weight groups and to phototherapy as well as exchange transfusion. The significant heterogeneity in our approach to the treatment of jaundiced neonates suggests that our understanding of the biology of neonatal jaundice is inadequate and that further research will be necessary in order to provide a more solid biological foundation for therapy.
A Microfluidic Cartridge System for Multiplexed Clinical Analysis (2009)

Cartridge-based microfluidics is a promising technology for clinical diagnostics. By miniaturizing the fluid-handling processes required for genomic and proteomic analyses, reagent and specimen volume is minimized along with the size of the system. We demonstrate an automated microfluidic system capable of performing six multiplexed genomic and proteomic analyses simultaneously, by means of an integrated electrochemical sensor and embedded controls.
Homing Endonucleases: From Genetic Anomalies to Programmable Genomic Clippers (2014)

Homing endonucleases are strong drivers of genetic exchange and horizontal transfer of both their own genes and their local genetic environment. The mechanisms that govern the function and evolution of these genetic oddities have been well documented over the past few decades at the genetic, biochemical, and structural levels. This wealth of information has led to the manipulation and reprogramming of the endonucleases and to their exploitation in genome editing for use as therapeutic agents, for insect vector control and in agriculture. In this chapter we summarize the molecular properties of homing endonucleases and discuss their strengths and weaknesses in genome editing as compared to other site-specific nucleases such as zinc finger endonucleases, TALEN, and CRISPR-derived endonucleases.
Homogeneous Lanthanide Complexes as Polymerization and Oligomerization Catalysts: Mechanistic Studies (1983)

The trivalent lanthanide complexes M(η5-C5Me5)2CH3·L (M = Yb, Lu; L = diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or trimethylaluminum) and divalent M(η5-C5Me5)2·L complexes (M = Yb, Eu, Sm; L = diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran) are catalysts for polymerization of ethylene (hexane, 30-100°C, 60 psig; Mv product ∼105) and oligomerization of propene. The initial insertion reactions of propene with Lu(η5-C5Me5)2-CH3·L, studied by NMR, give well characterized Lu(η5-c5Me5)2-isobutyl and -2,4-dimethylpentyl complexes. Prior dissociation of ligand L is necessary. Constants for the dissociative pre-equilibria are determined from the rates of the propene insertion reactions and ligand exchange rates. Rates of ethylene polymerization in the presence of various ligands L are modified qualitatively as for the propene insertion reactions viz. L = no ligand > diethyl ether > THF > Al (CH3)3 (slowest rate). Ethylene propagation is faster than propene propagation by ∼104.
Functional Tuning of CARs Reveals Signaling Threshold above Which CD8+ CTL Antitumor Potency Is Attenuated due to Cell Fas–FasL-Dependent AICD (2015)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) development is biased toward selecting constructs that elicit the highest magnitude of T-cell functional outputs. Here, we show that components of CAR extracellular spacer and cytoplasmic signaling domain modulate, in a cooperative manner, the magnitude of CD8(+)CTL activation for tumor-cell cytolysis and cytokine secretion. Unexpectedly, CAR constructs that generate the highest in vitro activity, either by extracellular spacer length tuning or by the addition of cytoplasmic signaling modules, exhibit attenuated antitumor potency in vivo, whereas CARs tuned for moderate signaling outputs mediate tumor eradication. Recursive CAR triggering renders CTLs expressing hyperactive CARs highly susceptible to activation-induced cell death (AICD) as a result of augmented FasL expression. CAR tuning using combinations of extracellular spacers and cytoplasmic signaling modules, which limit AICD of CD8(+)CTLs, may be a critical parameter for achieving clinical activity against solid tumors.