gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of the differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in combination with low levels of vitamin D3 (1998)

Previous experiments have shown that a variety of agents that interfere with the activity of the transcription factor NF-kB significantly enhanced the differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells when combined with low levels of the monocytic/macrophagic differentiating agent vitamin D3. These include an antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide to the Rel A subunit of NF-kB, vitamin E and other antioxidants, and curcumin. Acetylsalicylic acid and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents represent another group of agents that have been reported to inhibit NF-kB at serum levels approximating those obtained during long-term therapy of chronic inflammatory states. To determine whether nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents also were capable of enhancing the differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells produced by vitamin D3, we measured the effects of a variety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on the maturation of HL-60 cells produced by low levels of vitamin D3. Acetylsalicylic acid by itself had no significant effect on the differentiation of HL-60 cells; however, this agent markedly increased the degree of differentiation produced by low levels of vitamin D3. Furthermore, a variety of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents of different chemical classes exhibited similar enhancements of the maturation of HL-60 cells when combined with vitamin D3. An analogous increase in the differentiation of HL-60 cells was also obtained by combination of several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents with the granulocytic inducing agent, retinoic acid, but not with dimethylsulfoxide. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents also enhanced the differentiation of HL-60 cells when combined with vitamin D analogs which share the receptor binding properties of vitamin D3; however, a vitamin D analog which caused significant calcium mobilization, but was less effective in receptor binding than vitamin D3, did not induce the differentiation of HL-60 cells in the presence or absence of anti-inflammatory agents. The findings suggest that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents may have utility in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia when used with the D vitamins or retinoic acid.
Rectal Mass: Metastatic Breast Cancer in a Male Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasound (2011)

Purpose: Metastatic disease to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is uncommon, but with the increasing number of cancer survivors we may encounter more of these lesions in the future. Methods: We present a 63 year old male who presented with generalized weakness, nausea, and diarrhea for 2 days and a 25 lbs weight loss over 2 months. He was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2000 and underwent a modified radical mastectomy. Several years later his breast cancer recurred and spread to his spine. A recent PET scan showed extensive bony metastases but were metabolically inactive. He had undergone a screening colonoscopy in 2006 which was normal. Physical exam was normal, except for a distended abdomen. Initial work up included abdominal X ray, routine laboratory and stool studies, which were normal. A colonoscopy was performed and at 15 cm from the anal verge a circumferential, villous appearing mass was seen. The colonoscope was unable to traverse the stenosis. Extensive biopsies were taken showing hyperplastic colonic mucosa. The area was re-evaluated using an ultrathin endoscope and the stenosis was traversed, measuring 5 cm in length. Bite on bite biopsies were performed, which again came back as hyperplastic changes. The lesion appeared to be submucosal, so a rectal endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with fine needle aspiration was performed. Results: Rectal EUS revealed a lesion with mixed echogenicity measuring 3.3 x 1.9 cm in size, and invading through the muscularis propria. Final cytology revealed highly atypical cells and staining confirmed that this was a metastatic lesion from his previous breast cancer. He is currently undergoing chemotherapy. Conclusion: Metastatic breast cancer in a male patient is an uncommon entity. EUS-FNA is valuable tool in staging and diagnosing both primary and metastatic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.
Current hypotheses for the underlying biology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2009)

The mechanisms involved in selective motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis remain unknown more than 135 years after the disease was first described. Although most cases have no known cause, mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been implicated in a fraction of familial cases of the disease. Transgenic mouse models with mutations in the SOD1 gene and other ALS genes develop pathology reminiscent of the disorder, including progressive death of motor neurons, and have provided insight into the pathogenesis of the disease but have consistently failed to predict therapeutic efficacy in humans. However, emerging research has demonstrated that mutations and pathology associated with the TDP-43 gene and protein may be more common than SOD1 mutations in familial and sporadic ALS. Putative mechanisms of toxicity targeting motor neurons include oxidative damage, accumulation of intracellular aggregates, mitochondrial dysfunction, defects in axonal transport, growth factor deficiency, aberrant RNA metabolism, glial cell pathology, and glutamate excitotoxicity. Convergence of these pathways is likely to mediate disease onset and progression.
Spatial correlation in the broadcast MU-MIMO UWB system using a pre-equalizer and Time Reversal pre-filter (2010)

In this paper, we investigate the impact of the transmit spatial correlation on the performance of the spatial multiplexing Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Multi-User (MU) Ultra-WideBand (UWB) system in which a pre-equalizer and a Time Reversal (TR) pre-filter are deployed at the transmitter. The combination of the pre-equalizer and the pre-filter is to mitigate the Multiple-Stream Interference (MSI) and Multiple-User Interference (MUI) caused by transmitting several independent data streams to different users simultaneously and the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) while the receivers are kept simple. In order to reduce the complexity of the transmitter, the selective-TR pre-filter is used.
The Epidemiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Ontario, Canada (2013)

Over a 15-year period, we observed an increase in RA prevalence over time. This rise may be attributed to the increasing time to ascertain cases (which may have been latent in the population during earlier years of the study), increasing survival, and/or an increase in the aging background population. Incidence appears to be stable.
DNA topoisomerase II-mediated interaction of doxorubicin and daunorubicin congeners with DNA. (1989)

Three groups of doxorubicin and daunorubicin analogues, differing by their substituents on the chromophore and sugar moieties, were used in this study. The 3'-N-unsubstituted (Group 1), 3'-N-acyl (Group 2), and 3'-N-alkyl (Group 3) analogues were tested for: (a) in vivo antitumor activity and in vitro cytotoxicity; (b) cellular or tissue uptake and metabolic conversion; (c) strength of DNA intercalation; and (d) interaction with DNA topoisomerase II (topo-II). Compounds of Group 1 were cytotoxic, were strongly intercalative, and, except for those with C-14 side chain substitution, induced the formation of topo-II-DNA cleavable complexes. As shown previously, esterolysis of C-14-acyl substituents was required to yield a metabolite which can interact with topo-II in the purified system. The C-14-substituted compounds of Group 2 and their C-14-unsubstituted metabolites were cytotoxic. These drugs were weak intercalators, and the C-14-unsubstituted cogeners induced cleavable complex formation in the purified system, but with reduced potency relative to doxorubicin. The type of the 3'-N-position substituent determined whether Group 3 analogues were cytotoxic and strong intercalators, or less active and nonintercalating. Although C-14-unsubstituted intercalators of Group 3 did not form cleavable complexes in the purified system, they were cytotoxic. The study shows that DNA intercalation is required but not sufficient for the activity by topo-II-targeted anthracyclines. In addition to the planar chromophore which is involved in intercalation, two other domains of the anthracycline molecule are important for the interaction with topo-II: (a) substitution of the C-14 position totally inhibits drug activity in the purified system, but enhances cytotoxicity by aiding drug uptake and presumably acting on other cellular targets; and (b) substitutions on the 3'-N position of the sugar ring can, depending on the nature of the substituent, inhibit intercalation and/or topo-II-targeting activity. These findings may provide guidance for the synthesis and development of new active analogues.
Medical Imaging Databases: A National Institutes of Health Workshop (1993)

Development and implementation of a medical imaging database in a PACS-type environment that integrates all the patient data will impact directly on the quality of patient care. In addition, access to the wealth of information that is simply not accessible through the current technology, will contribute to improved disease detection and improved patient treatment, as well as produce significant new medical knowledge. Research and implementations must proceed in interdisciplinary environments which successfully combine the expertise and knowledge from the medical community with that of the database and computer science disciplines.
Precision 96-Channel Dispenser for Microchemical Techniques (1996)

A new automated 96-channel microdispenser is described for precise, high-speed dispensing of microliter volumes of reagents. The Hydra-96™ is a programmable instrument composed of 96 glass syringes arrayed in a microplate format that fills and dispenses in unison under computer control. Studies show the instrument has less than a 2% coefficient of variation (CV) across the syringe array when dispensing between 0.5 and 20.0 μL of reagent. Blot hybridization studies demonstrate a simple rinsing protocol using 2% bleach that efficiently cleans the system of DNA without affecting subsequent PCRs. Current uses of the instrument in assembling microassays used in large-scale genetic mapping and sequencing projects and compound library screening are discussed.
Induction of cytotoxic T-cell responses against the oncofetal antigen-immature laminin receptor for the treatment of hematologic malignancies (2003)

The oncofetal antigen immature laminin receptor protein (OFA-iLRP) is a highly conserved protein that is preferentially expressed in fetal tissues and in many types of cancer, including hematopoietic malignancies, whereas OFA-iLRP is not detectable on healthy differentiated adult cells. To investigate whether OFA-iLRP-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are capable of killing OFA-iLRP-expressing hematologic targets, CTLs were generated from healthy HLA-A*0201-positive volunteers by incubating T cells with autologous dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with OFA-iLRP RNA. OFA-iLRP-specific CTLs lysed HLA-A2+ OFA-iLRP+ tumor cells, including several lymphoma and leukemia cell lines, as well as fresh leukemic targets from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), indicating that OFA-iLRP-derived peptides are naturally processed and presented by hematologic tumors. Healthy OFA-iLRP-negative target cells (CD14+ monocytes, activated B cells, DCs, bone marrow cells) were not attacked by OFA-iLRP-specific CTLs. Furthermore, in an established murine B-cell lymphoma model (A20), treatment with syngeneic DCs transfected with OFA-iLRP-coding RNA resulted in powerful antitumor effects in a significant portion of mice. For the first time, these data show that OFA-iLRP can be used as a target for T-cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies against hematologic malignancies.
Upset hardened memory design for submicron CMOS technology (1996)

A novel design technique is proposed for storage elements which are insensitive to radiation-induced single-event upsets. This technique is suitable for implementation in high density ASICs and static RAMs using submicron CMOS technology.
HPV16 semiquantitative viral load and serologic biomarkers in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (2005)

A considerable subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are positive for human papillomavirus (HPV); however, delineating etiologically-associated HPV infections from SCCs with concurrent HPV infection unrelated to tumorigenesis is challenging. Viral load assessment in biopsy specimens may help facilitate such differentiation. HPV16 viral load and serologic markers were assessed among oral and oropharyngeal cases from a multinational study conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). HPV16 viral load, measured semiquantitatively by PCR-enzyme immunoassay, was dichotomized as high or low based on the median optical density value. Serologic antibodies to HPV16 virus-like particles (VLPs) and to HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins were measured by ELISA. Compared to HPV DNA-negative cases (n = 852), HPV16 DNA-positive cases with high viral load (n = 26) were significantly more likely to originate in the oropharynx (odds ratio [OR], 12.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2-27.5) and, after adjustment for tumor site (AdjOR), have antibodies against HPV16 VLPs (AdjOR, 14.6; 95% CI, 6.0-35.6), E6 (AdjOR, 57.6; 95% CI, 21.4-155.3) and E7 (AdjOR, 25.6; 95% CI, 9.3-70.8). HPV16 DNA-positive cases with low viral load (n = 27) were more commonly oropharyngeal (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1-6.2) and seropositive for HPV16 VLPs (AdjOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1-6.9), E6 (AdjOR, 3.0; 95% CI, 0.7-14.0) and E7 (AdjOR, 3.5; 95% CI, 0.7-16.3), compared to HPV DNA-negative cases; the associations, however, were neither as strong nor as significant as the associations for high viral load. As there appears to be a strong association between HPV16 serologic markers and viral load, in the absence of data on serologic markers, HPV16 viral load may be used to help delineate the subset of HPV16 DNA-positive oral and oropharyngeal cancers that may be the consequence of HPV infection.
Suppression of the Progression Phenotype in Somatic Cell Hybrids Occurs in the Absence of Altered Adenovirus Type 5 Gene Expression (1990)

In the present study we have analyzed the genetic regulation of increased expression of transformation-associated traits, a process termed progression, in adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-transformed secondary rat embryo cells. Somatic cell hybrids were formed between a highly progressed neomycin-resistant Ad5-transformed cloned cell line (E11-NMTneo) and an untransformed chloramphenicol-resistant rat embryo fibroblast cell line (CREFcap). Parental E11-NMTneo cells grew with high efficiency in agar, exhibited reduced 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding, and were tumorigenic in nude mice. Parental CREFcap cells exhibited phenotypes opposite to those of E11-NMTneo cells. A high proportion (84%) of the presumptive hybrid cell types obtained after fusion and genetic selection (G418 and chloramphenicol) displayed a flat morphological phenotype intermediate between CREFcap and E11-NMTneo cells, suggesting that a trans-dominant extinction phenomenon had occurred. Two hybrids with a round morphology (R), which still exhibited the progressed phenotype, and two hybrids with a flat morphology (F), which had lost the progressed phenotype, were chosen for detailed analysis. Both R hybrids grew efficiently in agar, exhibited low 125I-EGF binding, and were tumorigenic in nude mice, whereas both F hybrids grew poorly in agar, displayed increased 125I-EGF binding in comparison with E11-NMTneo and R hybrids, and were nontumorigenic in nude mice. An analysis of the viral DNA integration patterns and the rates of transcription, steady-state mRNA accumulation, and relative levels of the Ad5 E1A and E1B gene products revealed no differences among the parental and hybrid cells. These studies indicate that normal CREF cells may contain a suppressor gene(s) which can inhibit the expression of specific traits of the progression phenotype in Ad5-transformed cells and that this suppression is not associated with changes in the expression of Ad5 transforming genes.
Metric-Based Symbol Predistortion Techniques for Peak Power Reduction in OFDM Systems (2007)

In this paper, we present a novel metric-based symbol predistortion algorithm and describe three variants for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in OFDM transmission. The algorithm consists of predistorting a set of input symbols per block using simple metrics, which measure how much each symbol contributes to the output signal samples of large magnitudes. The symbols to be predistorted in each block are selected as those with the largest positive-valued metrics. Predistortion of input symbols is performed either by scaling only the amplitude or by scaling separately the real and/or the imaginary parts of the selected symbols. The simple metric-based structure of the proposed algorithm gives high flexibility which enables various tradeoffs between performance and complexity. Another important feature is that the algorithm does not require transmitting any side information to the receiver and it does not involve any additional complexity for symbol detection at the receiver side. It is shown by simulations that a considerable improvement can be achieved with these simple techniques, which can be implemented as one-shot or iterative procedures.
Allelic Variants in Long-QT Disease Genes in Patients With Drug-Associated Torsades de Pointes (2002)

DNA variants in the coding regions of congenital long-QT disease genes predisposing to aLQTS can be identified in approximately 10% to 15% of affected subjects, predominantly in genes encoding ancillary subunits.
CD69 and Regulatiof the Immune Function (1999)

CD69, also known as activation inducer molecule, very early activation antigen, MLR-3 and Leu-23, is a member of the natural killer (NK) cell gene complex family of signal transducing receptors. CD69 is as a type II transmembrane glycoprotein with a C-type lectin binding domain in the extracellular portion of the molecule. CD69 expression is induced in vitro on cells of most hematopoietic lineages, including T and B lymphocytes, NK cells, murine macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils, while it is constitutively expressed on human monocytes, platelets and epidermal Langerhans cells. Although a specific ligand for CD69 has not been identified, its wide cellular distribution and the induction of intracellular signals upon CD69 crosslinking suggest a role for the receptor in the biology of hematopoietic cells. Moreover, certain results indicate that CD69 may be involved in the pathogenesis of such diseases as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammatory liver diseases, mild asthma, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Structural and Functional Network Connectivity Breakdown in Alzheimer's Disease Studied with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques (2011)

Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) experience a brain network breakdown, reflecting disconnection at both the structural and functional system level. Resting-state (RS) functional MRI (fMRI) studies demonstrated that the regional coherence of the fMRI signal is significantly altered in patients with AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Diffusion tensor (DT) MRI has made it possible to track fiber bundle projections across the brain, revealing a substantially abnormal interplay of “critical” white matter tracts in these conditions. The observed agreement between the results of RS fMRI and DT MRI tractography studies in healthy individuals is encouraging and offers interesting hypotheses to be tested in patients with AD, a MCI, and other dementias in order to improve our understanding of their pathobiology in vivo. In this review,we describe the major findings obtained in AD using RS fMRI and DT MRI tractography, and discuss how the relationship between structure and function of the brain networks in AD may be better understood through the application of MR-based technology. This research endeavor holds a great promise in clarifying the mechanisms of cognitive decline in complex chronic neurodegenerative disorders.
The Reconfigurable Instruction Cell Array (2007)

This paper presents a novel instruction cell-based reconfigurable computing architecture for low-power applications, thereafter referred to as the reconfigurable instruction cell array (RICA). For the development of the RICA, a top-down software driven approach was taken and revealed as one of the key design decisions for a flexible, easy to program, low-power architecture. These features make RICA an architecture that inherently solves the main design requirements of modern low-power devices. Results show that it delivers considerably less power consumption when compared to leading VLIW and low-power digital signal processors, but still maintaining their throughput performance.
Synthesis and herbicidal activity of 2‐(3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐5‐(alkoxy)‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐4‐aryloxypyrimidine derivatives (2007)

Abstract magnified image A series of 2‐(3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐5‐(alkoxy)‐1 H ‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐4‐aryloxypyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized. The structures of all the title compounds were confirmed by 1 H NMR and elementary analysis. These compounds were screened for herbicidal activity against rape and barnyard grass. Compound B13 exhibited moderate herbicidal activity.
Cloning, Chromosomal Localization, and Functional Analysis of the Murine Estrogen Receptor β (1997)

Estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) is a novel steroid receptor that is expressed in rat prostate and ovary. We have cloned the mouse homolog of ER beta and mapped the gene, designated Estrb, to the central region of chromosome 12. The cDNA encodes a protein of 485 amino acids that shares, respectively, 97% and 60% identity with the DNA- and ligand-binding domains of mouse (m) ER alpha. Mouse ER beta bind to an inverted repeat spaced by three nucleotides in a gel mobility shift assay and transactivates promoters containing synthetic or natural estrogen response elements in an estradiol (E2)-dependent manner. Scatchard analysis indicates that mER beta has slightly lower affinity for E2 [dissociation constant (Kd) = 0.5 nM] when compared with mER alpha (Kd = 0.2 nM). Antiestrogens, including 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT), ICI 182,780, and a novel compound, EM-800, inhibit E2-dependent transactivation efficiently. However, while OHT displays partial agonistic activity with ER alpha on a basal promoter linked to estrogen response elements in Cos-1 cells, this effect is not observed with mER beta. Cotransfection of mER beta and H-RasV12 causes enhanced activation in the presence of E2. Mutagenesis of a serine residue (position 60), located within a mitogen-activated protein kinase consensus phosphorylation site abolishes the stimulatory effect of Ras, suggesting that the activity of mER beta is also regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Surprisingly, the coactivator SRC-1 up-regulates mER beta transactivation both in the absence and presence of E2, and in vitro interaction between SRC-1 and the ER beta ligand-binding domain is enhanced by E2. Moreover, the ligand-independent stimulatory effect of SRC-1 on ER beta transcriptional activity is abolished by ICI 182,780, but not by OHT. Our results demonstrate that while ER beta shares many of the functional characteristics of ER alpha, the molecular mechanisms regulating the transcriptional activity of mER beta may be distinct from those of ER alpha.