gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ Phosphors by the Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis and Their Luminescent Properties (2007)

Divalent europium-doped nitride phosphors, Ca1-xEuxAlSiN3 (x = 0−0.2), were successfully prepared by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) by using Ca1-xEuxAlSi alloy powder as a precursor. The Rietveld refinement analysis was carried out on the CaAlSiN3 host lattice to elucidate the luminescence properties of dopant Eu2+ on the tetrahedrally coordinated site. For the Eu2+ doped samples, strong absorption peaking at about 460 nm was observed on the excitation spectra, which matched perfectly with the current blue light of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The optimized sample, Ca0.98Eu0.02AlSiN3, gave the red emission peaking at 649 nm of which the intensity was competitive with the sample prepared from the metal nitride raw materials (Ca3N2, AlN, Si3N4, and EuN). The CIE chromaticity index (0.647, 0.347) with high color saturation indicated that it was a promising candidate as a red-emitting phosphor for the InGaN/GaN-based down-conversion white LEDs for general illumination or displays.
A [2]Catenane-Based Solid State Electronically Reconfigurable Switch (2000)

A solid state, electronically addressable, bistable [2]catenane-based molecular switching device was fabricated from a single monolayer of the [2]catenane, anchored with phospholipid counterions, and sandwiched between an n-type polycrystalline silicon bottom electrode and a metallic top electrode. The device exhibits hysteretic (bistable) current/voltage characteristics. The switch is opened at +2 volts, closed at -2 volts, and read at approximately 0.1 volt and may be recycled many times under ambient conditions. A mechanochemical mechanism for the action of the switch is presented and shown to be consistent with temperature-dependent measurements of the device operation.
Positionally cloned human disease genes: Patterns of evolutionary conservation and functional motifs (1997)

Positional cloning has already produced the sequences of more than 70 human genes associated with specific diseases. In addition to their medical importance, these genes are of interest as a set of human genes isolated solely on the basis of the phenotypic effect of the respective mutations. We analyzed the protein sequences encoded by the positionally cloned disease genes using an iterative strategy combining several sensitive computer methods. Comparisons to complete sequence databases and to separate databases of nematode, yeast, and bacterial proteins showed that for most of the disease gene products, statistically significant sequence similarities are detectable in each of the model organisms. Only the nematode genome encodes apparent orthologs with conserved domain architecture for the majority of the disease genes. In yeast and bacterial homologs, domain organization is typically not conserved, and sequence similarity is limited to individual domains. Generally, human genes complement mutations only in orthologous yeast genes. Most of the positionally cloned genes encode large proteins with several globular and nonglobular domains, the functions of some or all of which are not known. We detected conserved domains and motifs not described previously in a number of proteins encoded by disease genes and predicted functions for some of them. These predictions include an ATP-binding domain in the product of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer gene (a MutL homolog), which is conserved in the HS90 family of chaperone proteins, type II DNA topoisomerases, and histidine kinases, and a nuclease domain homologous to bacterial RNase D and the 3'-5' exonuclease domain of DNA polymerase I in the Werner syndrome gene product.
A new approach to the therapy of cancer based on the systemic administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2. (1986)

A new approach to cancer therapy has been developed based on the adoptive transfer of autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2). Forty-one patients with advanced cancer who have failed all standard treatments were treated in this experimental protocol. Fourteen patients experienced an objective regression of cancer, including one patient with metastatic melanoma who underwent a complete regression. Objective responses were seen in patients with colorectal cancer, renal cell cancer, melanoma, and lung adenocarcinoma. The sites of tumor regression included subcutaneous tissue, lung, and liver. The major side effect of therapy resulted from the administration of high-dose IL-2 and was manifested primarily as fluid retention, resulting in a generalized capillary permeability leak syndrome. This approach to adoptive immunotherapy represents a promising approach to the therapy of patients with metastatic cancer. Attempts to increase the potency and decrease the toxicity of therapy and extend this treatment to patients with smaller tumor burdens are in progress.
Biological Networks: An Introductory Review (2018)

All aspects of life activities in living cells are mediated/executed and regulated by a vast number of networks, comprising a wide spectrum of components, starting with simple biomolecules and ending with the whole organism, and functioning within a precisely organized tight framework. Proper mediation of cellular activities necessitates their inclusion within the context of structured and organized network systems capable of regulating/coordinating and synchronizing the countless numbers of biological processes occurring within living cells. The number of biological networks and pathways within the living cell is considerably huge, being dependent on the structural complexity and functional capabilities of the cell. Pathogenesis and progression of human diseases result from functional disturbances of biological networks within the cell as disturbed network function leads to deleterious effects on physiological processes dependent on, and mediated by, affected network(s). Ensuing pathological processes, defined by the nature of disturbed networks and the specific organs or tissues affected, pave the way for the development of pathognomonic and characteristic disease entities. As most network functions are dependent on relatively small number of key regulatory biomolecules, i.e. enzymes/proteins and signal transducing factors, it follows that functional disturbances of biological networks and pathogenesis of disease states can be attributed, in most instances, to quantitative and/or qualitative abnormalities of these key regulatory molecules. Study and analysis of the structural designs and the functional mechanisms of biological networks would have crucial and important impacts on many theoretical and applied aspects of biology, in general, and of medical sciences in particular. Meticulous study of biological networks represents an important and integral aspect in study of biology. Interpretation and analysis of key information deduced from observing and analyzing structural designs and functional characteristics and dynamics of biological networks discloses and defines the basic framework within which life activities in living cells are initiated, adapted to physiological requirements, maintained, and terminated upon completion of their aims. More important, however, is the contribution of this information to proper understanding of the different mechanisms responsible for regulating and synchronizing the functions and performances of the vast spectrum of different network categories within the cell. In addition to its vital scientific significance, discovering and defining the key pivotal structural and regulatory molecules within life-mediating networks, and along different pathways responsible for controlling functional dynamics of the network, represent an indispensable diagnostic approach insistent for designing proper therapeutic approaches to diseases caused by network defects.
Digital cellular systems for North America (2002)

Standards for a new cellular mobile radio system for North America are currently being defined. The system will use digital transmission in contrast to the present analog system. Capacity is increased by means of three techniques. These are: sending three digital voice channels in one current analog FM channel (maintaining spectral compatibility), increased trunking efficiency, and exploiting improved frequency reuse offered by robust digital transmission techniques. The main elements of the system, such as multiple access digital modulation, speech coding, channel coding, and equalization, are briefly discussed. The North American system is compared to the pan-European digital GSM (Groupe Speciale Mobile) system, and techniques that may be used to further improve the system capacity of future digital cellular systems beyond the current standard are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Serum Amyloid P in Alzheimer's Disease (1991)

We describe widespread serum amyloid P (AP) immunoreactivity in cerebral lesions including neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, and vessels in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To elucidate the mechanisms of its origin in cerebrospinal fluid and localization in brain, we searched for AP mRNA by the polymerase chain reaction. Our findings show that with the exception of liver, AP mRNA was not detectable in any of the brain regions tested or choroid plexus. These observations support extravasation or transport of this serum protein across the blood-brain barrier or the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in the brain of subjects with AD.
Correlation between Sperm Parameters and Protein Expression of Antioxidative Defense Enzymes in Seminal Plasma: A Pilot Study (2015)

These data suggest that evaluation of protein expression of antioxidative defense enzymes in seminal plasma might be of importance in the evaluation of male fertility status and that could be used as an additional biomarker along with classic semen analysis in assessment of semen quality.
Shorthand Phrases—Shorthand Textbooks and Shorthand Letters (2012)

(1969). Shorthand Phrases—Shorthand Textbooks and Shorthand Letters. The Journal of Business Education: Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 194-196.
Downloading Deep Web Data from Real Web Services (2011)

Data of deep web in general is stored in a database that is only accessible via web query forms or through web service interfaces. One challenge of deep web crawling is how to select meaningful queries to acquire data. There is substantial research on the selection of queries, such as the approach based on the set covering problem where greedy algorithm or its variation is used. These methods are not extensively studied in the context of real web services, which may impose new challenges for deep web crawling. This thesis studies several query selection methods on Microsoft’s Bing web service, especially the impact of the ranking of the returns in real data sources. Our results show that for unranked data sources, weighted method performed a little better then un-weighted set covering algorithm. For ranked data sources, document frequent estimation is necessary to harvest data more efficiently.
Cardiovascular effects of octreotide in patients with hepatic cirrhosis (1995)

Octreotide is thought to reduce splanchnic and variceal blood flow with minimal effects on the systemic circulation in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. However, we noticed significant bradycardia in some patients immediately after administration of bolus doses of octreotide. Therefore, we investigated the effect of intravenous octreotide on systemic hemodynamics in 59 patients with cirrhosis. In two double-blind, placebo-controlled protocols, 32 patients received a 25-micrograms bolus and 20 patients received an infusion of 50-micrograms/hr of octreotide/placebo. Immediately after the bolus dose of octreotide was administered, there were significant reductions in pulse rate (77 +/- 3 vs. 65 +/- 3 beats per minute, P < .01) and cardiac output (9.2 +/- 0.8 vs. 7.9 +/- 0.8 L/min; P < .01) and significant increases in mean arterial pressure (81 +/- 3 vs. 87 +/- 3 mm Hg; P < .05), mean pulmonary artery pressure (9.1 +/- 1.0 vs. 16.6 +/- 1.5 mm Hg; P < .01), right atrial pressure (3.8 +/- 0.8 vs. 6.6 +/- 1.0 mm Hg; P < .01), right ventricular pressure (7.1 +/- 0.6 vs. 12.5 +/- 1.3 mm Hg; P < .01), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (4.8 +/- 0.8 vs. 11.2 +/- 1.4 mm Hg; P < .01), systemic vascular resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance. Thirty minutes after the start of the infusion, there were significant increases in mean right atrial pressure, right ventricular pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. This study suggests that intravenous octreotide has significant effects on the systemic circulation in patients with cirrhosis and that these effects appear to be more marked after administration of bolus doses.
Unexpected Formation of Quinolone Derivatives in Reissert Indole Synthesis (2000)

The Reissert indole synthesis was found to unexpectedly give 3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-quinolone derivative 4, sometimes in a high ratio with the expected ethyl indole-2-carboxylate derivatives 3 in a low ratio, depending on the conditions of the catalytic reduction of the intermediate 2-nitrophenylpyruvate 2. This reactivity is characteristic in the preparation of 7-substituted indoles.
Identification of the nuclear localization signals within the Epstein–Barr virus EBNA-6 protein (2004)

Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA)-6 is essential for EBV-induced immortalization of primary human B-lymphocytes in vitro. Previous studies have shown that EBNA-6 acts as a transcriptional regulator of viral and cellular genes; however at present, few functional domains of the 140 kDa EBNA-6 protein have been completely characterized. There are five computer-predicted nuclear localization signals (NLS), four monopartite and one bipartite, present in the EBNA-6 amino acid sequence. To identify which of these NLS are functional, fusion proteins between green fluorescent protein and deletion constructs of EBNA-6 were expressed in HeLa cells. Each of the constructs containing at least one of the NLS was targeted to the nucleus of cells whereas a construct lacking all of the NLS was cytoplasmic. Site-directed mutation of these NLS demonstrated that only three of the NLS were functional, one at the N-terminal end (aa 72-80), one in the middle (aa 412-418) and one at the C-terminal end (aa 939-945) of the EBNA-6 protein.
Wound Healing Trajectories as Predictors of Effectiveness of Therapeutic Agents (2000)

Since wound healing trajectories for diabetic foot ulcers treated at 2 centers so closely mimic one another, trajectories might be useful efficacy end points, and used to compare significant points along a continuum rather than a single static end point. Shifting of the wound healing trajectory from an impaired to a more ideal course may be considered when determining efficacy of new wound treatments.
The Id2+ distal tip lung epithelium contains individual multipotent embryonic progenitor cells (2009)

The conducting airways (bronchi and bronchioles) and peripheral gas exchange (alveolar) regions of the mammalian lung are generated by a process of branching morphogenesis. Evidence suggests that during embryonic development, the undifferentiated epithelial progenitors are located at the distal tips of the branching epithelium. To test this hypothesis, we used an Id2-CreER(T2) knock-in mouse strain to lineage trace the distal epithelial tip cells during either the pseudoglandular or canalicular phases of development. During the pseudoglandular stage, the tip cells both self-renew and contribute descendents to all epithelial cell lineages, including neuroendocrine cells. In addition, individual Id2(+) tip cells can self-renew and contribute descendents to both the bronchiolar and alveolar compartments. By contrast, during the later canalicular stage, the distal epithelial tip cells only contribute descendents to the alveoli. Taken together, this evidence supports a model in which the distal tip of the developing lung contains a multipotent epithelial population, the fate of which changes during development.
Identification of Proteins in Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Particles: the HCMV Proteome (2004)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the herpesvirus family, is a large complex enveloped virus composed of both viral and cellular gene products. While the sequence of the HCMV genome has been known for over a decade, the full set of viral and cellular proteins that compose the HCMV virion are unknown. To approach this problem we have utilized gel-free two-dimensional capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS to identify and determine the relative abundances of viral and cellular proteins in purified HCMV AD169 virions and dense bodies. Analysis of the proteins from purified HCMV virion preparations has indicated that the particle contains significantly more viral proteins than previously known. In this study, we identified 71 HCMV-encoded proteins that included 12 proteins encoded by known viral open reading frames (ORFs) previously not associated with virions and 12 proteins from novel viral ORFs. Analysis of the relative abundance of HCMV proteins indicated that the predominant virion protein was the pp65 tegument protein and that gM rather than gB was the most abundant glycoprotein. We have also identified over 70 host cellular proteins in HCMV virions, which include cellular structural proteins, enzymes, and chaperones. In addition, analysis of HCMV dense bodies indicated that these viral particles are composed of 29 viral proteins with a reduced quantity of cellular proteins in comparison to HCMV virions. This study provides the first comprehensive quantitative analysis of the viral and cellular proteins that compose infectious particles of a large complex virus.
The Kinase Activity of Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 Is Essential for the Regulation of T Cell Function (2018)

Summary: We examined hematopoietic protein kinase 1 (HPK1), whose reliance on scaffold versus kinase functions for negative immune cell regulation is poorly understood and critical to its assessment as a viable drug target. We identify kinase-dependent roles for HPK1 in CD8 T cells that restrict their anti-viral and anti-tumor responses by using HPK1 kinase-dead (HPK1.kd) knockin mice. Loss of HPK1 kinase function enhanced T cell receptor signaling and cytokine secretion in a T-cell-intrinsic manner. In response to chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection or tumor challenge, viral clearance and tumor growth inhibition were enhanced in HPK1.kd mice, accompanied by an increase in effector CD8 T cell function. Co-blockade of PD-L1 further enhanced T effector cell function, resulting in superior anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity over single target blockade. These results identify the importance of HPK1 kinase activity in the negative regulation of CD8 effector functions, implicating its potential as a cancer immunotherapy target. : HPK1 is implicated in several important steps that limit T cell responsiveness, but the mechanism is poorly characterized. Hernandez et al. demonstrate that HPK1’s kinase activity is essential for attenuating T cell function. Loss of HPK1 kinase activity enhanced antitumoral responses, proving to be an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Keywords: HPK1, hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1, cancer immunotherapy
Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal and Intravenous Fosfomycin in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Patients without Peritonitis (2012)

Blood and dialysate concentrations of fosfomycin were determined after intravenous and intraperitoneal application of 4 mg/liter in patients undergoing automated peritoneal dialysis. Maximum serum concentrations after intravenous (287.75 ± 86.34 mg/liter) and intraperitoneal (205.78 ± 66.78 mg/liter) administration were comparable. Ratios of intraperitoneal to systemic exposure were 1.12 (intraperitoneal administration) and 0.22 (intravenous administration), indicating good systemic exposure after intraperitoneal application but limited penetration of fosfomycin into the peritoneal fluid after the intravenous dose.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha negatively regulates hepatitis B virus gene expression in transgenic mice (1992)

It is well known that several inflammatory cytokines can modulate hepatocellular gene expression in a complex physiological process known as the hepatic acute-phase response. Since hepatitis B virus (HBV) characteristically induces a vigorous lymphomononuclear inflammatory response in the liver during acute and chronic hepatitis, it is possible that hepatocellular HBV gene expression may also be modulated by one or more of the cytokines produced by these cells. Using bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a surrogate inducer of inflammatory cytokines in vivo, we have tested this hypothesis in a transgenic mouse model system. In experiments with two independent transgenic mouse lineages that express the HBV envelope region under the control of either HBV or cellular promoters, we observed a 50 to 80% reduction in the hepatic steady-state content of a 2.1-kb HBV mRNA following administration of a single intraperitoneal dose of LPS. The regulatory influence of several inflammatory cytokines known to be induced by LPS was also examined in this system. The negative regulatory effect of LPS was consistently reproduced by the administration of a single nontoxic dose of tumor necrosis factor alpha, and it was occasionally observed following the administration of high doses of alpha interferon and interleukin-6, while no effect was detectable in response to high-dose interleukin-1 alpha or to gamma interferon. These observations suggest that tumor necrosis factor alpha and perhaps other cytokines may activate a heretofore unsuspected intracellular pathway that negatively regulates HBV gene expression. The intracellular mechanism(s) responsible for this effect and its pathophysiologic relevance remain to be elucidated.
Megestrol acetate in cancer cachexia. (1991)

This randomized, controlled trial assessed the activity, tolerance, and degree of weight gain and anorexia of two doses of megestrol acetate in patients with advanced cancer and cachexia. Patients received either 480 mg/d or 960 mg/d megestrol acetate or placebo for 8 weeks. As of June 1990, 55 patients had been randomized; 16 died during the 8-week study, and it was too early to evaluate another 5 patients. The remaining 34 patients were included in analyses. The median initial weight loss ranged from 15% to 22% of usual body weight, which shows the severe degree of malnutrition. Further weight loss was seen in 6 of 8 patients in the placebo group compared with only 5 of 15 and 3 of 11 patients in the low-dose and high-dose megestrol acetate groups, respectively. The median further weight loss was comparable in all groups. Six of 15 and 6 of 11 patients in the low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively, gained weight with a median of 3 kg and 4 kg, respectively. A trend showed beneficial effects of megestrol acetate. Appetite improvement was similar in all groups. Due to the small sample size, however, there were no statistically significant differences among the three groups. Side effects of megestrol acetate were mild. In a subgroup of 15 patients, measurement of body water content indicated a decrease of body fat after 8 weeks in the placebo and low-dose groups. Only the high-dose megestrol acetate group showed an increase in both fat and lean body mass, suggesting a positive effect.