gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical compositions and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils from Aster spathulifolius and Vitex rotundifolia maxim (2014)

The essential oils were prepared from Aster spathulifolius (ASE) and Vitex rotundifolia (VRE) by hydrodistillation and their chemical compositions were investigated by GC-MS. Analysis of ASE provided 15 components and eight of which were identified sesquiterpene compounds. The major components in ASE included germacrene D (35.1 %), trans-caryophyllene (15.9 %) and trans-phytol (14.9 %). On the other hand, VRE provided manoyl oxide (14.3%), -terpineol (13.1 %) and -pinene (10.0 %) as major ingredients. To assess the anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oils, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- were monitored using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In this test, ASE and VRE were appeared to suppress both NO and TNF- synthesis in dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that VRE and ASE could be useful in cosmetic applications as natural products possessing antiinflammatory efficacy.
Sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings of neurocutaneous melanosis (2016)

Neurocutaneous melanosis is a rare nonfamilial phakomatosis characterized by large or multiple congenital melanocytic nevi plus the presence of central nervous system melanosis or melanoma. We report a case of a male infant with a giant posteroaxial nevus and evidence of intracranial melanosis on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.
Three-Dimensional Solution Structure of a Single Zinc Finger DNA-Binding Domain (1989)

The three-dimensional solution structure of a zinc finger nucleic acid binding motif has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Spectra of a synthetic peptide corresponding to a single zinc finger from the Xenopus protein Xfin yielded distance and dihedral angle constraints that were used to generate structures from distance geometry and restrained molecular dynamics calculations. The zinc finger is an independently folded domain with a compact globular structure in which the zinc atom is bound by two cysteine and two histidine ligands. The polypeptide backbone fold consists of a well-defined helix, starting as alpha and ending as 3(10) helix, packed against two beta strands that are arranged in a hairpin structure. A high density of basic and polar amino acid side chains on the exposed face of the helix are probably involved in DNA binding.
Detection of Telomerase Activity in Neural Cells (2003)

Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures that cap linear eukaryotic chromosomes and function to prevent the chromosomes from recombining or unraveling (1). Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) polymerase that synthesizes telomeric sequence de novo onto the 3′ end of chromosomes using a portion of its internal RNA component as a template (2,3). The regulation of telomerase activity is complex. While most differentiated somatic cells lack telomerase activity, most cancer cells, germline cells, and stem cells express detectable levels of telomerase activity (4). In those cells that lack telomerase activity, telomeric sequences are incompletely replicated during cell division due to the end replication problem of DNA polymerases (5,6) and thus the net length of telomeres in the daughter cells is reduced (7). The progressive loss of telomeric DNA triggers a growth-arrest mechanism in normal somatic cells (8). However, in cells that maintain telomerase activity, telomeres can be completely replicated with no loss of sequence information during cell division, and proliferation can continue without activating this check point (9). Therefore, by maintaining the integrity of telomeres, telomerase plays an important role in unlimited cellular proliferation.
Formation and properties of 1000-A-diameter, single-bilayer phospholipid vesicles. (1979)

Two methods are reported for the formation of large, uniform-sized phospholipid vesicles. The methods involve the treatment of phospholipid, in the form of either small, sonicated vesicles or a dry lipid film, at a molar ratio of deoxycholate to phospholipid of 1:2. Subsequent removal of deoxycholate yields a stable preparation of vesicles. These vesicles are bounded by a single bilayer, have an average diameter of 1000 A, and are readily separated from sonicated vesicles (230 A) by gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. Since the 1000-A vesicles are capable of trapping enzymes and other macromolecules, they may prove valuable for the delivery of liposome-entrapped solutes to cells and for the localization of peptide segments of a spectrum of membrane-bound proteins.
Poly(lactide)‐poly(ethylene glycol) micelles as a carrier for griseofulvin (2005)

In this work, the feasibility to develop micelle carriers of griseofulvin based on PLA-PEG copolymers was investigated. With the use of the dialysis method of micelle formation, the micellization behavior of a range of PLA(X)-PEG(5) copolymers was investigated. At copolymer concentrations in the organic solvent 10-20 mg/mL, stable micelles with 100% yield could only be prepared from PLA(X)-PEG(5) copolymers with molar composition in the range 50-70% PEG. The copolymers exhibited sufficiently low CMC to provide stable micelles in vivo. The loading capacity of PLA(4)-PEG(5) micelles with griseofulvin was 6.5 mg of drug/1 g of copolymer. The release of griseofulvin from the PLA-PEG micelles in vitro in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was sustained over 30 days. No burst effect was observed. Analysis of the release kinetics suggested that the release was erosion-controlled. The release profile was biphasic. Micelle degradation data in PBS indicated that the second phase of release was induced by copolymer degradation. The PLA-PEG micelles of griseofulvin were stable in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids for a long-enough time for oral application. Overall, the PLA-PEG micelles have suitable properties to be considered as potential oral or topical formulations of griseofulvin, provided that the drug-loading capacity of the micelles is sufficiently improved.
종교시로서 신라(新羅) 향가(鄕歌)와 T.S. 엘리엇 엮어읽기 (2009)

The purpose of this paper is to comparative reading between Shilla Hyangga and T.S. Eliot at the point of religious poetry: rejoice through despair and rebirth through death. the way of readings are three. First, we read the birth of religious issue by comparison between Mojukjirangga(慕竹旨郞歌) and The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock. Second, comparing reiterations of religious Time and Space between Changiparangga(讚耆婆郞歌) and Ash Wednesday. Third, comparing the motivations to the Paramita between Jemangmaega(祭亡妹歌) and Marina.
Termination of Peripheral Tolerance to a T Cell Epitope by Heteroclitic Antigen Analogues (1998)

Treating mice with an immunodominant T cell epitope from moth cytochrome c (MCC(88-103)) can induce T cell unresponsiveness under certain conditions of administration. In this report, we determined whether T cell tolerance to MCC(88-103) in adult animals can be overcome by immunization with cross-reactive analogues of the tolerizing Ag. A panel of analogues of the tolerogen were tested for their capacity to terminate the tolerant state following in vivo immunization. As analyzed by their stimulatory capacity for a representative MCC(88-103)-specific T cell clone, this panel covered a wide range of cross-reactivity, including nonantigenic, antagonistic, weakly, and strongly antigenic peptides. Interestingly, only heteroclitic analogues, as measured in vitro by their enhanced antigenicity for the T cell clone that was specific for MCC(88-103), were capable of breaking tolerance. Thus, an immune response to the cross-reactive, heteroclitic analogues of tolerized self Ags may represent a mechanism by which Ag molecular mimicry operates.
Comparison of Flowering Time Genes in Brassica rapa, B. napus and Arabidopsis thaliana (1997)

The major difference between annual and biennial cultivars of oilseed Brassica napus and B. rapa is conferred by genes controlling vernalization-responsive flowering time. These genes were compared between the species by aligning the map positions of flowering time quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detected in a segregating population of each species. The results suggest that two major QTLs identified in B. rapa correspond to two major QTLs identified in B. napus. Since B. rapa is one of the hypothesized diploid parents of the amphidiploid B. napus, the vernalization requirement of B. napus probably originated from B. rapa. Brassica genes also were compared to flowering time genes in Arabidopsis thaliana by mapping RFLP loci with the same probes in both B. napus and Arabidopsis. The region containing one pair of Brassica QTLs was collinear with the top of chromosome 5 in A. thaliana where flowering time genes FLC, FY and CO are located. The region containing the second pair of QTLs showed fractured collinearity with several regions of the Arabidopsis genome, including the top of chromosome 4 where FRI is located. Thus, these Brassica genes may correspond to two genes (FLC and FRI) that regulate flowering time in the latest flowering ecotypes of Arabidopsis.
Wave Similarity Mapping Shows the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Fibrillatory Wave Complexity in the Human Right Atrium During Paroxysmal and Chronic Atrial Fibrillation (2005)

Quantification of the spatiotemporal distribution of fibrillatory wave complexity is feasible in humans by wave similarity mapping. Anatomic anchoring of waveforms during PAF and pattern destruction during CAF was determined.
Amyloid β40/42 clearance across the blood-brain barrier following intra-ventricular injections in wild-type, apoE knock-out and human apoE3 or E4 expressing transgenic mice (2001)

An important event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of the amyloid beta (Abeta)1-40 and 1-42 peptides in a fibrillar form, with Abeta42 typically having a greater propensity to undergo this conformational change. A major risk factor for late-onset AD is the inheritance of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) 4 allele [3,14,31]. We previously proposed that apoE may function as a "pathological chaperone" in the pathogenesis of AD (i.e. modulate the structure of Abeta, promoting or stabilizing a beta-sheet conformation), prior to the discovery of this linkage [7,40,41,42]. Data from apoE knockout / AbetaPP^(V717F) mice, has shown that the presence of apoE is necessary for cerebral amyloid formation [1,2], consistent with our hypothesis. However, in betaPP^(V717F) mice expressing human apoE3 or E4 early Abeta deposition at 9 months is suppressed, but by 15 months both human apoE expressing mice had significant fibrillar Abeta deposits with the apoE4 expressing mice having a 10 fold greater amyloid burden [8,9]. This and other data has suggested that apoE, in addition to having a facilitating role in fibril formation, may also influence clearance of Abeta peptides. In order to address if apoE affects the clearance of Abeta peptides across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and whether there are differences in the clearance of Abeta40 versus Abeta42, we performed stereotactic, intra-ventricular micro-injections of Abeta40, Abeta42 or control peptides in wild-type, apoE knock-out (KO) or human apoE3 or apoE4 expressing transgenic mice. We found that consistent with other studies [5], Abeta40 is rapidly cleared from the brain across the BBB; however, Abeta42 is cleared much less effectively. This clearance of exogenous Abeta peptides across the BBB does not appear to be affected by apoE expression. This data suggests that Abeta42 production may favor amyloid deposition due to a reduced clearance across the BBB, compared to Abeta40. In addition, our experiments support a role of apoE as a pathological chaperone, and do not suggest an isotype specific role of apoE in exogenous Abeta peptide clearance from the CSF across the BBB.
The Purification and Quantitation of Helper T Cell-Replacing Factors Secreted by Murine Spleen Cells Activated by Concanavalin A (1979)

Abstract A microculture assay with low numbers of athymic (nude) spleen cells has been used to quantitate the helper T cell-replacing activity secreted by concanavalin A-treated spleen cells. This quantitation allows an estimate of the recovery of biologic activity during concentration from culture supernatants by salt precipitation, and purification by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. The T cell-replacing activity is found in protein of 30 to 40,000 daltons size as estimated by gel filtration, but shows heterogeneity in electric charge. The activity is active at concentrations of less than 10-9 M, and is strictly antigen dependent in its mode of action.
Use of the γ-H2AX assay to monitor DNA damage and repair in translational cancer research (2011)

Formation of γ-H2AX in response to DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs) provides the basis for a sensitive assay of DNA damage in human biopsies. The review focuses on the application of γ-H2AX-based methods to translational studies to monitor the clinical response to DNA targeted therapies such as some forms of chemotherapy, external beam radiotherapy, radionuclide therapy or combinations thereof. The escalating attention on radiation biodosimetry has also highlighted the potential of the assay including renewed efforts to assess the radiosensitivity of prospective radiotherapy patients. Finally the γ-H2AX response has been suggested as a basis for an in vivo imaging modality.
Human formyl peptide receptor ligand binding domain(s). Studies using an improved mutagenesis/expression vector reveal a novel mechanism for the regulation of receptor occupancy. (1994)

Recently, we reported the domain requirements for the binding of formyl peptide to its specific receptor. Based on experiments using receptor chimeras, we also postulated an importance for the amino-terminal domain of the receptor in ligand binding (Perez, H. D., Holmes, R., Vilander, L., Adams, R., Manzana, W., Jolley, D., and Andrews, W. H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 2292-2295). We have begun to perform a detailed analysis of the regions within the formyl peptide receptor involved in ligand binding. To address the importance of the receptor amino-terminal domain, we substituted (or inserted) hydrophilic sequences within the amino-terminal domain, expressed the receptors, and determined their ability to bind ligand. A stretch of nine amino acids next to the initial methionine was identified as crucial for receptor occupancy. A peptide containing such a sequence specifically completed binding of the ligand to the receptor. Alanine screen mutagenesis of the second extracellular domain also identified amino acids involved in ligand binding as well as a disulfide bond (Cys98 to Cys176) crucial for maintaining the binding pocket. These studies provide evidence for a novel mechanism involved in regulation of receptor occupancy. Binding of the ligand induces conformational changes in the receptor that result in the apposition of the amino-terminal domain over the ligand, providing a lid to the binding pocket.
Efficacy and Safety of Alirocumab as Add‐on Therapy in High–Cardiovascular‐Risk Patients With Hypercholesterolemia Not Adequately Controlled With Atorvastatin (20 or 40 mg) or Rosuvastatin (10 or 20 mg): Design and Rationale of the ODYSSEY OPTIONS Studies (2014)

The phase 3 ODYSSEY OPTIONS studies (OPTIONS I, NCT01730040; OPTIONS II, NCT01730053) are multicenter, multinational, randomized, double-blind, active-comparator, 24-week studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of alirocumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, as add-on therapy in ∼ 650 high-cardiovascular (CV)-risk patients whose low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are ≥100 mg/dL or ≥70 mg/dL according to the CV-risk category, high and very high CV risk, respectively, with atorvastatin (20-40 mg/d) or rosuvastatin (10-20 mg/d). Patients are randomized to receive alirocumab 75 mg via a single, subcutaneous, 1-mL injection by prefilled pen every 2 weeks (Q2W) as add-on therapy to atorvastatin (20-40 mg) or rosuvastatin (10-20 mg); or to receive ezetimibe 10 mg/d as add-on therapy to statin; or to receive statin up-titration; or to switch from atorvastatin to rosuvastatin (OPTIONS I only). At week 12, based on week 8 LDL-C levels, the alirocumab dose may be increased from 75 mg to 150 mg Q2W if LDL-C levels remain ≥100 mg/dL or ≥70 mg/dL in patients with high or very high CV risk, respectively. The primary efficacy endpoint in both studies is difference in percent change in calculated LDL-C from baseline to week 24 in the alirocumab vs control arms. The studies may provide guidance to inform clinical decision-making when patients with CV risk require additional lipid-lowering therapy to further reduce LDL-C levels. The flexibility of the alirocumab dosing regimen allows for individualized therapy based on the degree of LDL-C reduction required to achieve the desired LDL-C level.
Microformat Imaging ELISA for Pesticide Determination (1996)

A flat-well microformat competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent chemiluminescent assay for the detection of the pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is described. Thick-film technology was used to pattern a hydrophobic layer 100 μm thick onto glass microscope slides to form an array of 2 × 2 mm(2) squares. These flat wells were able to hold 2 μL of reagents, corresponding to a height of ∼500 μm, with minimal contamination risk. The hydrophobic ink used to pattern the surfaces allowed significantly larger volumes of samples to be applied when compared with surfaces patterned with nonhydrophobic inks. This reduced evaporation effects and permitted greater pipetting accuracy, thereby improving assay reproducibility. A competitive immunoassay was developed based on the ability of free 2,4-D hapten to inhibit binding of anti-2,4-D monoclonal antibodies to 2,4-D-bovine serum albumin conjugate adsorbed onto the glass support. The support was subsequently incubated with alkaline phosphatase (AP) labeled anti-mouse IgG. The amount of AP conjugate bound was determined by quantitating the chemiluminescent emission produced from the enzymatic breakdown of CSPD substrate by AP using a cooled CCD camera. The detection limit of the single-sample microformat assay was 2.7 × 10(-)(11) M, or 6 pg of 2,4-D. The linear ranges of the single-sample and multisample assays were 4.5 × 10(-)(8)-4.5 × 10(-)(11) and 4.5 × 10(-)(7)-1.66 × 10(-)(10) M, respectively. In comparison, the detection limits of a tube-based chemiluminescent assay using standard luminometer and of a colorimetric ELISA were 45 × 10(-)(11) and 9.9 × 10(-)(8) M, respectively. The ability to scale the thick-film-based microformat assay makes it an ideal candidate for the development of affinity arrays and high-throughput assay formats. Prospects for further improvements of this imaging ELISA strategy will be discussed.
Polarization modulation Fourier transform infrared reflectance measurements of thin films and monolayers at metal surfaces utilizing real-time sampling electronics (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolarization modulation Fourier transform infrared reflectance measurements of thin films and monolayers at metal surfaces utilizing real-time sampling electronicsBarbara J. Barner, Michael J. Green, Edna I. Saez, and Robert M. CornCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 1, 55–60Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00001a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00001a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1038Altmetric-Citations185LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Population transfer via adiabatic passage in the rubidium quantum ladder system (1999)

Generally, high optical intensity is required for effective multiphoton excitation of quantum systems to highly excited states. In certain situations, however, lower-intensity, chirped pulses can provide more efficient transfer of population to the upper states by the process of adiabatic passage. We have studied the relative importance of these two mechanisms in the anharmonic $5s\ensuremath{-}5p\ensuremath{-}5d$ quantum ladder system of rubidium using frequency chirped laser pulses from an amplified Ti:sapphire laser (\ensuremath{\lambda}=780 and \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\lambda}=10 nm). We measure simultaneously the three-photon ionization signal due to the Ti:sapphire and the population that remains in the $5d$ state with a postionizing 532-nm Nd:YAG pulse (where YAG denotes yttrium aluminum garnet). At low infrared fluences (80 \ensuremath{\mu}${\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}$), the transfer to the $5d$ state is significantly enhanced when the pulse frequency is swept from the red to the blue, such that it follows the frequency spacing of the rubidium ladder. Counterintuitively, population is also transferred efficiently for the blue-to-red chirp at high fluences (&gt;5 ${\mathrm{m}\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}$). We attribute both of these effects to adiabatic passage from the $5s$ state to the $5d$ state. Even at the highest fluences, more efficient transfer occurs for either direction of chirp than occurs at zero chirp, where the intensity is maximal. A comparison to theoretical predictions reveals striking agreement in both absolute magnitude and functional form. These results have important implications for the understanding of population transfer in complex ladder systems, such as molecular anharmonic vibrational ladders.