gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification of prostaglandin F-2α synthesis and release in the ewe during the initial establishment of pregnancy (1988)

Pregnant (N = 10) and non-pregnant (N = 10) ewes were bled every 2 h from Days 12 to 17 after oestrus (oestrus = Day 0). Plasma concentrations of progesterone, 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha and 11-ketotetranor-PGF metabolites were determined in all samples. The number of PGF-2 alpha pulses in non-pregnant ewes was 8.2 +/- 0.4 (mean +/- s.e.m.) with an interpulse interval of 10.7 +/- 0.7 h. Two or 3 pulses of low frequency (interpulse interval = 13.4 +/- 1.6 h) occurred in most non-pregnant ewes before the onset of luteolysis; the interpulse interval then decreased to 7.9 +/- 0.4 h for the 6.0 +/- 0.3 pulses temporally associated with luteolysis. In contrast, the number of PGF-2 alpha pulses in pregnant ewes was lower (2.5 +/- 0.7, 0-8) and the interpulse intervals longer (18.9 +/- 6.1 h). Most pulses occurred on Days 14 and 15 in the pregnant and non-pregnant ewes. The mean concentrations of both PGF-2 alpha metabolites in non-pregnant ewes were highest on Day 15 while basal levels of both metabolites remained constant at all times. In pregnant ewes, the mean concentrations of both metabolites were highest on Day 14; basal concentrations of both metabolites were also highest on Day 14. The mean concentrations of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha were higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant ewes on Days 13 and 14 (P less than 0.05) and higher in non-pregnant than pregnant ewes on Day 15 (P less than 0.05). The basal concentrations of the 15-keto metabolite were higher in pregnant than non-pregnant ewes at Days 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 (P less than 0.05). Both the mean and the basal concentrations of 11-ketotetranor-PGF metabolites were higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant ewes on Day 14 (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that uterine production of PGF-2 alpha peaks at Days 14-15 after oestrus in pregnant and non-pregnant ewes. Patterns of release differ, however, in that non-pregnant ewes have a pulsatile PGF-2 alpha pattern superimposed on a constant baseline, while pregnant ewes have an increasing basal secretory pattern which is more nearly continuous, i.e. not pulsatile in form. Modification of pulsatile PGF-2 alpha synthesis and release is therefore a key aspect of prolongation of luteal function at the beginning of pregnancy in the ewe.
Integrated wavelength-selective optical MEMS switching using ring resonator filters (2005)

An integrated optical microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switch that provides wavelength selectivity is described. The switching mechanism is based on moving a MEMS actuated optically absorbing membrane into the evanescent field of a high-index-contrast optical ring resonator. By controlling the loss, and thus, the cavity quality factor, the resonant wavelength is switched between the drop and through ports.
A nontoxic mutant of cholera toxin elicits Th2-type responses for enhanced mucosal immunity (1997)

We have characterized a nontoxic mutant of cholera toxin (CT) as a mucosal adjuvant in mice. The mutant CT was made by substitution of serine with phenylalanine at position 61 of the A subunit (S61F), which resulted in loss of ADP ribosyltransferase activity and toxicity. Mice were intranasally immunized with ovalbumin, tetanus toxoid, or influenza virus either alone or together with mutant CT S61F, native CT, or recombinant CT-B. Mice immunized with these proteins plus S61F showed high serum titers of protein-specific IgG and IgA antibodies that were comparable to those induced by native CT. Further, high protein-specific IgA antibody responses were observed in nasal and vaginal washes, saliva, and fecal extracts as well as increased numbers of IgG and IgA antibody forming cells in cervical lymph nodes and lung tissues of mice intranasally immunized with these proteins and S61F or native CT, but not with recombinant CT-B or protein alone. Both S61F and native CT enhanced the induction of ovalbumin-specific CD4(+) T cells in lung and splenic tissues, and these T cells produced a Th2-type cytokine pattern of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 as determined by analysis of secreted proteins and by quantitation of cytokine-specific mRNA. These results have shown that mutant CT S61F is an effective mucosal adjuvant when administrated intranasally and induces mucosal and systemic antibody responses which are mediated by CD4(+) Th2-type cells.
A comparison of full and partial predicated execution support for ILP processors (1995)

One can effectively utilize predicated execution to improve branch handling in instruction-level parallel processors. Although the potential benefits of predicated execution are high, the tradeoffs involved in the design of an instruction set to support predicated execution can be difficult. On one end of the design spectrum, architectural support for full predicated execution requires increasing the number of source operands for all instructions. Full predicate support provides for the most flexibility and the largest potential performance improvements. On the other end, partial predicated execution support, such as conditional moves, requires very little change to existing architectures. This paper presents a preliminary study to qualitatively and quantitatively address the benefit of full and partial predicated execution support. With our current compiler technology, we show that the compiler can use both partial and full predication to achieve speedup in large control-intensive programs. Some details of the code generation techniques are shown to provide insight into the benefit of going from partial to full predication. Preliminary experimental results are very encouraging: partial predication provides an average of 33% performance improvement for an 8-issue processor with no predicate support while full predication provides an additional 30% improvement.
Discovery, Applications, and Catalytic Mechanisms of Shvo’s Catalyst (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTDiscovery, Applications, and Catalytic Mechanisms of Shvo's CatalystBrian L. Conley, Megan K. Pennington-Boggio, Emine Boz, and Travis J. Williams*View Author Information Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 4, 2294–2312Publication Date (Web):January 22, 2010Publication History Received14 September 2009Published online22 January 2010Published inissue 14 April 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9003133https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9003133review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12761Altmetric-Citations367LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Amines,Catalysts,Oxidation,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Mouse monoclonal antibody (WI-MN-1) against malignant melanoma. (1983)

A mouse monoclonal antibody, WI-MN-1, was raised against G-361 melanoma cell line. Reactivity of this antibody was characterized by indirect immunofluorescence against 22 cell lines and normal and neoplastic human tissues. Positive reactions were seen against three melanoma cell lines (G-361, HT-144, and MeWo). It also reacted against an epidermoid carcinoma cell line (Hep-2) and amnion cells (WISH). The antibody failed to react against cell lines derived from granulocytic leukemias, lymphocytic leukemias, Burkitt's lymphoma, carcinoma of the lung, carcinoma of the cervix, carcinoma of the colon, carcinoma of the breast, astrocytoma, and a human monocytoid cell line. Mouse melanoma and mouse fibroblast cell lines were also nonreactive. Similarly, there was no reaction against human peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, thymus, breast, lung, stomach, heart, brain, kidney, liver, skin, or testis. The antibody was also tested by indirect immunofluorescence against 17 samples of metastatic malignant melanoma which were removed from 13 patients. WI-MN-1 gave positive reaction against 16 of these specimens, and it reacted with the cryostat section in the immunoperoxidase test, delineating neoplastic melanoma from the normal brain tissue. The antibody precipitated Mr 105,000 and 38,000 antigens from biosynthetically labeled G-361 cells. It was suggested that WI-MN-1 was a useful addition to the panel of monoclonal antibodies against melanoma-associated antigens.
The influence of caches on the performance of heaps (1996)

As memory access times grow larger relative to processor cycle times, the cache performance of algorithms has an increasingly large impact on overall performance. Unfortunately, most commonly used algorithms were not designed with cache performance in mind. This paper investigates the cache performance of implicit heaps. We present optimizations which significantly reduce the cache misses that heaps incur and improve their overall performance. We present an analytical model called collective analysis that allows cache performance to be predicted as a function of both cache configuration and algorithm configuration. As part of our investigation, we perform an approximate analysis of the cache performance of both traditional heaps and our improved heaps in our model. In addition empirical data is given for five architectures to show the impact our optimizations have on overall performance. We also revisit a priority queue study originally performed by Jones [25]. Due to the increases in cache miss penalties, the relative performance results we obtain on today's machines differ greatly from the machines of only ten years ago. We compare the performance of implicit heaps, skew heaps and splay trees and discuss the difference between our results and Jones's.
Source counting in speech mixtures using a variational EM approach for complex WATSON mixture models (2014)

In this contribution we derive a variational EM (VEM) algorithm for model selection in complex Watson mixture models, which have been recently proposed as a model of the distribution of normalized microphone array signals in the short-time Fourier transform domain. The VEM algorithm is applied to count the number of active sources in a speech mixture by iteratively estimating the mode vectors of the Watson distributions and suppressing the signals from the corresponding directions. A key theoretical contribution is the derivation of the MMSE estimate of a quadratic form involving the mode vector of the Watson distribution. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the source counting approach at moderately low SNR. It is further shown that the VEM algorithm is more robust with respect to used threshold values.
Distribution of lipid nanocapsules in different cochlear cell populations after round window membrane permeation (2008)

Hearing loss is a major public health problem, and its treatment with traditional therapy strategies is often unsuccessful due to limited drug access deep in the temporal bone. Multifunctional nanoparticles that are targeted to specified cell populations, biodegradable, traceable in vivo, and equipped with controlled drug/gene release may resolve this problem. We developed lipid core nanocapsules (LNCs) with sizes below 50 nm. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the ability of the LNCs to pass through the round window membrane and reach inner ear targets. FITC was incorporated as a tag for the LNCs and Nile Red was encapsulated inside the oily core to assess the integrity of the LNCs. The capability of LNCs to pass through the round window membrane and the distribution of the LNCs inside the inner ear were evaluated in rats via confocal microscopy in combination with image analysis using ImageJ. After round window membrane administration, LNCs reached the spiral ganglion cells, nerve fibers, and spiral ligament fibrocytes within 30 min. The paracellular pathway was the main approach for LNC penetration of the round window membrane. LNCs can also reach the vestibule, middle ear mucosa, and the adjacent artery. Nuclear localization was detected in the spiral ganglion, though infrequently. These results suggest that LNCs are potential vectors for drug delivery into the spiral ganglion cells, nerve fibers, hair cells, and spiral ligament.
Capsaicin activates a nonselective cation channel in cultured neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. (1996)

Capsaicin (CAP), a neurotoxin, has been reported to activate a nonselective cation current in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In this paper, we identify and describe the properties of CAP-activated single channels in cultured neonatal rat DRG neurons. We first identified CAP-sensitive whole-cell currents that reversed near 0 mV in physiological solution. In solution containing 140 mM Na+, extracellular application of CAP to outside-out patches caused activation of an ion channel in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50 = 1.1 microM). The channel was blocked by the CAP antagonist capsazepine (10 microM). The channel was also activated by 2-10 nM resiniferatoxin, a potent analog of CAP. In symmetrical 140 mM Na+, the single-channel slope conductances were 45.3 +/- 1.0 and 80.0 +/- 4.2 pS at -60 and +60 mV, respectively, showing outward rectification (n = 9). The reversal potential did not shift significantly when Na+ was replaced by K+, Cs+, Rb+, or Li+, showing that the channel discriminated poorly among cations. The channel was also permeable to Ca2+. Although acid (pH < 6.2) was suggested to be an endogenous activator of the CAP receptor, an acid solution (pH 5.9-6.0) failed to activate the channels in outside-out patches. This is the first clear demonstration of the presence of the CAP-activated ion channel in DRG neuron. Opening of these ligand-gated, cation-selective channels gives rise to the whole-cell CAP-activated current in DRG neurons and may underlie the neurotoxic effects of CAP.
Elevated expression of hepatic proliferative markers during early hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis-B virus transgenic mice lackingmdr1a-encoded P-glycoprotein (2000)

Recent studies have shown that expression levels of the multidrug resistance gene MDR1, which encodes the drug transporter P-glycoprotein, correlate with prognostic outcomes of certain tumor types. These findings suggest that expression of MDR1 may affect tumor behaviors. To address this issue further, we investigated the expression of mdr1a, a human MDR1 homolog, on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in a transgenic mouse model carrying the liver-targeted expression of human hepatitis-B virus (HBV) surface antigen. The pathogenetic program was compared in HBV mice carrying either mdr1a(+/+) or mdr1a(-/-). We found that the expressions of proliferative activity markers, Ki67 nuclear antigen, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were elevated in mdr1a(-/-) mice younger than 10 wk in comparison with those in the same age group of wild-type animals. Replication in the hepatic population as determined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation tended to support observation that mdr1a(-/-) mice exhibited elevated labeling indices in this age group. Moreover, histologic staining and flow-cytometric analysis showed that the mdr1a(-/-) animals exhibited a higher cell population with polyploidy than did the mdr1a(+/+) counterparts of the same age. However, no significant differences in the expression of the liver-injury markers serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were observed. Although our results showed that absence of mdr1a expression is correlated with modest enhanced proliferative characteristics in the livers at stage before the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, the overall life spans between these two strains of mice were not significantly different. The implication of these findings to the role of P-glycoprotein in tumor development and cancer chemotherapy is discussed.
A public T cell clonotype within a heterogeneous autoreactive repertoire is dominant in driving EAE (2007)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Immunization of B10.PL mice with the Ac1-9 peptide, the immunodominant determinant of myelin basic protein (MBP), produced a single episode of EAE followed by recovery and resistance to reinduction of disease. Using the CDR3 length spectratyping technique, we characterized the clonal composition of the Ac1-9-specific T cell repertoire from induction through onset and resolution of disease. Two clonally restricted subsets within a heterogeneous self-reactive repertoire were found in mouse lymph nodes, spleen, and spinal cord soon after immunization, before any sign of EAE. These clonotypes, designated BV8S2/BJ2S7 and BV16/BJ2S5, were present in all mice examined and thus considered public. BV8S2/BJ2S7 was found in far greater excess; was exclusively Th1 polarized; disappeared from the spinal cord, spleen, and lymph nodes concomitantly with recovery; and transferred disease to naive recipients. In contrast, BV16/BJ2S5 and numerous private clonotypes were either Th1 or Th2 and persisted following recovery. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the public clonotype BV8S2/BJ2S7 is a driver of disease and necessary for its propagation.
Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein Gp5 ofBacillus subtilisPhage Φ29 Is Required for Viral DNA Replication in Growth-Temperature Dependent Fashion (2012)

In the absence of viral single-stranded DNA binding protein gp5, Bacillus subtilis phage φ29 failed to grow and to replicate its genome at 45 °C, while it grew and replicated normally at 30 °C and 42 °C. This indicates that gp5 is dispensable for φ29 DNA replication at 42 °C and lower temperatures.
Third-generation sequencing techniques and applications to drug discovery (2012)

Despite the scientific and commercial success of SGSTs, the goal of rapid, comprehensive and unbiased sequencing of nucleic acids has not been achieved. TGSTs promise to increase sequencing throughput and read lengths, decrease costs, run times and error rates, eliminate biases inherent in SGSTs and offer capabilities beyond nucleic acid sequencing. Such changes will have positive impact on all sequencing applications to drug discovery.
A multiplexed TOF and DOI capable PET detector using a binary position sensitive network (2016)

Time of flight (TOF) and depth of interaction (DOI) capabilities can significantly enhance the quality and uniformity of positron emission tomography (PET) images. Many proposed TOF/DOI PET detectors require complex readout systems using additional photosensors, active cooling, or waveform sampling. This work describes a high performance, low complexity, room temperature TOF/DOI PET module. The module uses multiplexed timing channels to significantly reduce the electronic readout complexity of the PET detector while maintaining excellent timing, energy, and position resolution. DOI was determined using a two layer light sharing scintillation crystal array with a novel binary position sensitive network. A 20 mm effective thickness LYSO crystal array with four 3 mm × 3 mm silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) read out by a single timing channel, one energy channel and two position channels achieved a full width half maximum (FWHM) coincidence time resolution of 180 ± 2 ps with 10 mm of DOI resolution and 11% energy resolution. With sixteen 3 mm × 3 mm SiPMs read out by a single timing channel, one energy channel and four position channels a coincidence time resolution 204 ± 1 ps was achieved with 10 mm of DOI resolution and 15% energy resolution. The methods presented here could significantly simplify the construction of high performance TOF/DOI PET detectors.
Self-organized 1.55 &#x00B5;m InAs/InP quantum dot tube nanoscale coherent light sources (2011)

We report on the achievement of self-organized InAs/InP quantum dot tube nanoscale ring resonators, with a wall thickness of ∼70nm and diameter of ∼4–5µm, that can exhibit strong coherent emission at ∼1.55µm.
Isolation and Identification of Residues of 4‘‘-(epi-Methylamino)-4‘‘-deoxyavermectin B1a Benzoate from the Surface of Cabbage (1996)

Cabbage was treated with a single application of [14C]-MK-0244, a semisynthetic avermectin analogue, at 0.3 lb/acre and harvested 1 day after application. The wrapper leaf and exterior head surface of the cabbage were rinsed with methanol, and 12 degradates were isolated from this rinse and identified by structural analysis. Ten of these residues can be accounted for by six previously reported transformations and two are apparently formed by novel transformations. This represents the first time that avermectin residues isolated from a plant have been unequivocally identified by direct methods. The cabbage residue profile bears a strong resemblance to that seen in the photodegradation of MK-0244 thin films on glass. Keywords: Avermectin; photodegradation; cabbage; surface residue; plant residue; pesticide
Interleukin-1α Released from Epithelial Cells after Adenovirus Type 37 Infection Activates Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 Expression on Human Vascular Endothelial Cells (2002)

A key event in virus-induced inflammation (leukocyte extravasation through the endothelium) is the local activation of endothelial cells, as indicated by the expression of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin. In order to identify triggers of inflammation in adenovirus infection, we inoculated respiratory and ocular epithelial cells with adenovirus type 37 (Ad37), a human pathogen associated with keratoconjunctivitis as well as urogenital and respiratory infections. Fluids from virus-infected epithelial cells activated ICAM-1 (and to a lesser extent, VCAM-1) expression on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Blocking studies with anticytokine antibodies implicated interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) as the epithelial cell-derived factor which activated endothelial cell ICAM-1 expression. The results thus identify epithelial cell-derived IL-1alpha as a potentially important activator of endothelial cells in Ad37-induced inflammation.