gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization Engineering for LCD Projection (2005)

Series Editor's Foreword. Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 The Case for Projection. 1.2 History and Projection Technology Overview. 1.3 Scope of the Book. 2 Liquid Crystal Projection System Basics. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Brightness and Color Sensitivity of the Human Eye. 2.3 Photometric Measurement. 2.4 Summary of What Constitutes a Good RPTV Display in the Current Marketplace. 2.5 System Engineering. 2.6 Etendue Considerations. 3 Polarization Basics. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation. 3.3 Interaction with Media. 3.4 Index Ellipsoid Visualization. 3.5 Modeling Techniques. 4 System Components. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Retarders. 4.3 Polarizers. 4.4 Interference Filters. 4.5 Polarizing Beam Splitters (PBSs). 4.6 Other Components. 5 Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs). 5.1 Description and Brief History. 5.2 Anisotropic Properties of Liquid Crystals. 5.3 Frank Free Energy and Electromagnetic Field Contribution to Free Energy. 5.4 Alignment Layer and LC Pretilt Angle. 5.5 Rotational Viscosity. 5.6 Electro-optical Effect of LCs. 5.7 LC Modes for Projection. 5.8 FOV of LCDs. 6 Retarder Stack Filters. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Principle and Background of RSFs. 6.3 RSFs in LC Projection Systems. 6.4 Design of RSFs. 6.5 Properties of Retarder Stacks. 7 System Contrast. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 On-axis Contrast. 7.3 Off-axis Effects. 7.4 PBS/LCOS Compensation. 7.5 ANSI Contrast Enhancement. 7.6 Skew Ray Compensated Retarder Stack Filters. 7.7 Alternative Projection Systems. 7.8 Overall System Contrast. 8 Color Management. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 System Color Band Determination. 8.3 Color Management in Projection Systems. 9 Transmissive Three-panel Projection System. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Brief System Description. 9.3 System Throughput. 9.4 Contrast. 9.4.1 Negative c-plate Compensation. 10 Three-panel Reflective Systems. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 3xPBS/X-cube System. 10.3 Polarization Color Filter Systems. 10.4 Three-panel LCOS System Comparison. 11 Single and Dual Panel LC Projection Systems. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Generic Color Sequential Single Panel Reflective LC System. 11.3 Example Single Panel Color Sequential Systems. 11.4 Two-panel Systems. 11.5 Commercialized Single Panel Projection Systems Based on Spatial Color Separation. Appendix A. Index.
Quantitative Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Cutaneous and Ocular Melanoma and Quality Assessment by Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (2004)

Real-time RT-PCR is able to quantitatively define the quality of a sample and provides quantitative data for melanoma markers. Disparities in the results of previous studies may be attributable to undetected differences in sample quality. The prognostic relevance of this assay is currently under evaluation in several prospective randomized trials.
T-Cell--Mediated Immunity to Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Humans: an Example of "Swimming Upstream"? (1995)

In this issue of the Journal, Tsang, Schlom, and co-workers (/) demonstrate that a peptide from carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is capable of generating cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro from precursors present in cancer patients immunized with a recombinant vaccinia-CEA vaccine. The importance of this finding cannot be fully assessed until the therapeutic value of vaccination with CEA has been determined. Yet, there is no doubt that the theoretical and practical significance of the results may well be profound. First, the findings of Tsang, Schlom, and co-workers begin to demonstrate that CEA is immunogenic in humans, which was not intuitively obvious when their studies were begun. CEA was first described by Gold and Freedman (2), who thought that they had found the first tumor-specific antigen and emphasized its possible value in detecting early carcinomas of the colon. Unfortunately, both of these assertions proved to be incorrect. CEA was found in patients with other types of tumor, in patients with
Chronic migraine: diagnosis and management strategy. (2004)

The case presented underscores the complexities encountered in diagnosing and managing patients with a long-standing history of headache and some of the difficulties in classifying patients according to the new International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. A 42-year-old nurse with 4 children whose headaches began at age 24 years developed continuous headaches of varying intensity, regularly so debilitating that she was unable to get out of bed and occasionally so disabling that she required an injection of meperidine from her physician. Management strategies are presented and the revised IHS criteria are discussed.
Skin Test Performed with Highly PurifiedMycobacterium tuberculosisRecombinant Protein Triggers Tuberculin Shock in Infected Guinea Pigs (2005)

Tuberculin shock due to inoculation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in patients with tuberculosis is a serious syndrome originally described over 100 years ago by Robert Koch. Here, we present experimental evidence that a single M. tuberculosis recombinant protein, CFP-10, triggers this syndrome. Intradermal inoculation of CFP-10 elicits in M. tuberculosis-infected mice high levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and causes tuberculin shock in infected guinea pigs characterized by hypothermia and death within 6 to 48 h after the antigen inoculation. Autopsies of these animals revealed intense polycythemia and hemorrhagic patches in the lung parenchyma, a pathological observation consistent with tuberculin shock. These results point to the possible occurrence of tuberculin shock in sensitive individuals inoculated with highly purified M. tuberculosis recombinant proteins as vaccine candidates or skin test reagents.
A maximum entropy approach to information extraction from semi-structured and free text (2002)

In this paper, we present a classification-based approach towards single-slot as well as multi-slot information extraction (IE). For single-slot IE, we worked on the domain of Seminar Announcements, where each document contains information on only one seminar. For multi-slot IE, we worked on the domain of Management Succession. For this domain, we restrict ourselves to extracting information sentence by sentence, in the same way as (Soderland 1999). Each sentence can contain information on several management succession events. By using a classification approach based on a maximum entropy framework, our system achieves higher accuracy than the best previously published results in both domains.
Optimizing mechanisms for latency tolerance in remote memory access communication on clusters (2003)

This paper describes the design and implementation of mechanisms for latency tolerance in the remote memory access communication on clusters equipped with high-performance networks such as Myrinet. It discusses strategies that bridge the gap between user-level requirements and network-specific communication interfaces while attempting to increase opportunities for latency hiding. Mechanisms for overlapping communication with computation and coalescing small messages (trading latency for bandwidth) are explored. The effectiveness of these techniques is evaluated using microbenchmarks and application kernels including the NAS parallel benchmark suite. The microbenchmark results showed a better degree of overlap for nonblocking operations in ARMCI as compared to MPI. Application results showed up 30% to 45% improvement over MPI on using nonblocking operations. The aggregation of small messages yielded performance improvement of up to 78% over non-aggregated communication.
Regression of human kidney cancer following allogeneic stem cell transplantation is associated with recognition of an HERV-E antigen by T cells (2008)

Transplanted donor lymphocytes infused during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have been shown to cure patients with hematological malignancies. However, less is known about the effects of HSCT on metastatic solid tumors. Thus, a better understanding of the immune cells and their target antigens that mediate tumor regression is urgently needed to develop more effective HSCT approaches for solid tumors. Here we report regression of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients following nonmyeloablative HSCT consistent with a graft-versus-tumor effect. We detected RCC-reactive donor-derived CD8(+) T cells in the blood of patients following nonmyeloablative HSCT. Using cDNA expression cloning, we identified a 10-mer peptide (CT-RCC-1) as a target antigen of RCC-specific CD8(+) T cells. The genes encoding this antigen were found to be derived from human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) type E and were expressed in RCC cell lines and fresh RCC tissue but not in normal kidney or other tissues. We believe this to be the first solid tumor antigen identified using allogeneic T cells from a patient undergoing HSCT. These data suggest that HERV-E is activated in RCC and that it encodes an overexpressed immunogenic antigen, therefore providing a potential target for cellular immunity.
Biological activity of human-mouse IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 chimeric monoclonal antibodies with antitumor specificity. (1988)

Chimeric antibodies were constructed in which the murine variable region of anti-colorectal cancer monoclonal antibody CO17-1A was joined with human gamma 1, gamma 2, gamma 3, and gamma 4 constant regions. Human-mouse chimeric proteins were compared with the parental murine IgG2a antibody CO17-1A for their ability to participate in tumor-cell destruction by human and murine effector cells in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. All of the chimeric antibodies showed different degrees of ADCC with human lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes and with murine macrophages. Monocytes and macrophages were able to utilize the chimeric IgG1 and, to a lesser degree, IgG4 and IgG3 antibodies to lyse tumor-cell targets in ADCC assays. The chimeric IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies were nearly as effective as the parental CO17-1A antibody in inhibiting tumor growth in nude mice. These data indicate that chimeric IgG1 antibody is superior in its antitumor activity.
DNAM-1 promotes activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes by nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells and tumors (2008)

Natural killer (NK) cells and CD8 T cells require adhesion molecules for migration, activation, expansion, differentiation, and effector functions. DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1), an adhesion molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, promotes many of these functions in vitro. However, because NK cells and CD8 T cells express multiple adhesion molecules, it is unclear whether DNAM-1 has a unique function or is effectively redundant in vivo. To address this question, we generated mice lacking DNAM-1 and evaluated DNAM-1-deficient CD8 T cell and NK cell function in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that CD8 T cells require DNAM-1 for co-stimulation when recognizing antigen presented by nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells; in contrast, DNAM-1 is dispensable when dendritic cells present the antigen. Similarly, NK cells require DNAM-1 for the elimination of tumor cells that are comparatively resistant to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity caused by the paucity of other NK cell-activating ligands. We conclude that DNAM-1 serves to extend the range of target cells that can activate CD8 T cell and NK cells and, hence, may be essential for immunosurveillance against tumors and/or viruses that evade recognition by other activating or accessory molecules.
Monoclonal antibodies to epstein‐barr virus‐induced, transformation‐associated cell surface antigens: Binding patterns and effect upon virus‐specific t‐cell cytotoxicity (1982)

Spleen cells from mice immunized with Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells (EB-LCL) were used to generate monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens associated with the EB virus-transformed state. Radioimmune and immunofluorescence binding assays identified two antibodies, MHM6 and AC2, which reacted consistently with all EB-LCL tested, with a subpopulation of cells in some but not all EB virus genome-positive Burkitt lymphoma lines, but with none of a range of EB virus genome-negative cell lines of lymphoma or leukaemia origin. While MHM6 appeared to bind an EB virus-related antigen, AC2 bound some other cell surface antigen which was also found on a small subpopulation of cells in lymphocyte cultures stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin or with pokeweed mitogen. MHM6 and AC2 recognized single polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 45 kd and 80 kd respectively as shown by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of 125I-labeled cell surface polypeptides immunoprecipitated with these antibodies. These polypeptides were induced on experimentally-infected B cells within 24 h of the expression of the EB virus nuclear antigen, EBNA, at a time known to coincide with the appearance of the lymphocyte-detected membrane antigen, LYDMA. However, saturating concentration of MHM6 and AC2 were unable to protect EB-LCL target cells from lysis by LYDMA-specific cytotoxic T cells in a chromium-release assay.
Genetic variation and response to morphine in cancer patients (2008)

COMT and MDR-1 genotypes were correlated with morphine-related central side effects. The authors believe that this work adds significantly to the current understanding of genetic variants that may influence an individual's response to opioids.
Revisiting the framework of the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association diagnostic criteria (2013)

In 2011, the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) proposed revising the criteria for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD), which had been established more than 25 years earlier by the National Institute on Neurologic and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS) and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (ADRDA), now called the Alzheimer's Association. The NIA-AA initiative also built upon research criteria for AD proposed by the International Working Group (IWG) in 2007 and updated in 2010. These efforts to revise the criteria reflect the need to improve diagnostic accuracy, facilitate clinical trials, and establish a common set of criteria that are universally accepted across domains of clinical practice, research, and drug development. To ensure that the proposed NIA-AA criteria remain as current as possible, the Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable convened a meeting in Washington, DC, on October 1 and 2, 2012, bringing together international stakeholders from industry, academia, and regulatory agencies to identify areas of agreement and research gaps respective of NIA-AA criteria and IWG recommendations.
Online Deep Learning: Learning Deep Neural Networks on the Fly (2018)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are typically trained by backpropagation in a batch setting, requiring the entire training data to be made available prior to the learning task. This is not scalable for many real-world scenarios where new data arrives sequentially in a stream. We aim to address an open challenge of ``Online Deep Learning" (ODL) for learning DNNs on the fly in an online setting. Unlike traditional online learning that often optimizes some convex objective function with respect to a shallow model (e.g., a linear/kernel-based hypothesis), ODL is more challenging as the optimization objective is non-convex, and regular DNN with standard backpropagation does not work well in practice for online settings. We present a new ODL framework that attempts to tackle the challenges by learning DNN models which dynamically adapt depth from a sequence of training data in an online learning setting. Specifically, we propose a novel Hedge Backpropagation (HBP) method for online updating the parameters of DNN effectively, and validate the efficacy on large data sets (both stationary and concept drifting scenarios).
CD137 Expression in Tumor Vessel Walls (2001)

CD137 (ILA/4-1BB), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, and its ligand are expressed on activated T lymphocytes and on antigen-presenting cells, respectively. Via bidirectional signal transduction, this receptor-ligand system regulates the activation, proliferation, and survival of T and B lymphocytes and monocytes. We used immunohistochemical studies on human tissue samples to determine in vivo CD137 expression in nonimmune tissue samples. Strong CD137 expression was found in blood vessel walls, on the endothelial layer, and on the vascular smooth muscle cells. But in 32 healthy tissue samples examined, none contained CD137-positive vessels. Also, in benign tumors (2/14) and in inflammatory tissues (2/9) only a minority had CD137-expressing vessels. However, malignant tumors had a significantly enhanced frequency of CD137-expressing blood vessels (11/34).
Presentation of prostate tumor antigens by dendritic cells stimulates T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity (1996)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are "professional" antigen-presenting cells capable of stimulating T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity when loaded with and presenting specific antigens, including tumor antigens. We demonstrated the stimulation of an autologous cytotoxic T-cell response elicited by DC loaded with autologous tumor cell lysate derived from primary prostate tumor. A candidate tumor antigen is prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is overexpressed in prostate cancer patients. We identified a HLA-A2 motif in PSMA, isolated patient DC, loaded peptide into DC, and stimulated autologous T cells to proliferate. The ability to use DC for presentation of either tumor or peptide antigen in an HLA-restricted fashion in order to stimulate T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity demonstrates the potential of this technology for development of a prostate cancer vaccine.
The Effects of Positioning of Transcatheter Aortic Valves on Fluid Dynamics of the Aortic Root (2014)

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a novel treatment for severe aortic valve stenosis. Due to the recent use of this technology and the procedural variability, there is very little data that quantify the hemodynamic consequences of variations in valve placement. Changes in aortic wall stresses and fluid retention in the sinuses of Valsalva can have a significant effect on the clinical response a patient has to the procedure. By comprehensively characterizing complex flow in the sinuses of Valsalva using digital particle image velocimetry and an advanced heart-flow simulator, various positions of a deployed transcatheter valve with respect to a bioprosthetic aortic valve (valve-in-valve) were tested in vitro. Displacements of the transcatheter valve were axial and directed below the simulated native valve annulus. It was determined that for both blood residence time and aortic Reynolds stresses, it is optimal to have the annulus of the transcatheter valve deployed as close to the aortic valve annulus as possible.
A multifunctional fermentative alcohol dehydrogenase from the strict aerobe Alcaligenes eutrophus: purification and properties (1984)

A NAD (P)-linked alcohol dehydrogenase was isolated from the soluble extract of the strictly respiratory bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus N9A. Derepression of the formation of this enzyme occurs only in cells incubated under conditions of restricted oxygen supply for prolonged times. The purification procedure included precipitation by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and ammonium sulfate and subsequent chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, Cibacron blue F3G-A Sepharose and thiol-Sepharose. The procedure resulted in a 120-fold purification of a multifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase exhibiting dehydrogenase activities for 2,3-butanediol, ethanol and acetaldehyde and reductase activities for diacetyl, acetoin and acetaldehyde. During purification the ratio between 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and ethanol dehydrogenase activity remained nearly constant. Recovering about 20% of the initial 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase activity, the specific activity of the final preparation was 70.0 U X mg protein-1 (2,3-butanediol oxidation) and 2.8 U X mg protein-1 (ethanol oxidation). The alcohol dehydrogenase is a tetramer of a relative molecular mass of 156000 consisting of four equal subunits. The determination of the Km values for different substrates and coenzymes as well as the determination of the pH optima for the reactions catalyzed resulted in values which were in good agreement with the fermentative function of this enzyme. The alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed the NAD (P)-dependent dismutation of acetaldehyde to acetate and ethanol. This reaction was studied in detail, and its possible involvement in acetate formation is discussed. Among various compounds tested for affecting enzyme activity only NAD, NADP, AMP, ADP, acetate and 2-mercaptoethanol exhibited significant effects.
A novel universal real-time PCR system using the attached universal duplex probes for quantitative analysis of nucleic acids (2008)

Real-time PCR techniques are being widely used for nucleic acids analysis, but one limitation of current frequently employed real-time PCR is the high cost of the labeled probe for each target molecule. We describe a real-time PCR technique employing a ttached u niversal d uplex p robes (AUDP), which has the advantage of generating fluorescence by probe hydrolysis and strand displacement over current real-time PCR methods. AUDP involves one set of universal duplex probes in which the 5' end of the fluorescent probe (FP) and a complementary quenching probe (QP) lie in close proximity so that fluorescence can be quenched. The PCR primer pair with attached universal template (UT) and the FP are identical to the UT sequence. We have shown that the AUDP technique can be used for detecting multiple target DNA sequences in both simplex and duplex real-time PCR assays for gene expression analysis, genotype identification, and genetically modified organism (GMO) quantification with comparable sensitivity, reproducibility, and repeatability with other real-time PCR methods. The results from GMO quantification, gene expression analysis, genotype identification, and GMO quantification using AUDP real-time PCR assays indicate that the AUDP real-time PCR technique has been successfully applied in nucleic acids analysis, and the developed AUDP real-time PCR technique will offer an alternative way for nucleic acid analysis with high efficiency, reliability, and flexibility at low cost.
Validation of two types of textile electrodes for electrocardiography and electromyography measurement applications (2012)

Tese de mestrado. Engenharia Biomedica. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012