gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Upregulation of Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling and ERK5 in the brain of autistic subjects (2011)

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction, verbal communication and repetitive behaviors. A number of studies have shown that the Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling pathway plays important roles in the genesis of neural progenitors, learning and memory. Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 and ERK5 have also been shown to have death-promoting apoptotic roles in neural cells. Recent studies have shown a possible association between neural cell death and autism. In addition, two recent studies reported that a deletion of a locus on chromosome 16, which included the mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) gene that encodes ERK1, is associated with autism. Most recently, our laboratory detected that Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling activities were significantly enhanced in the brain of BTBR mice that model autism, as they exhibit many autism-like behaviors. We thus hypothesized that Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling and ERK5 could be abnormally regulated in the brain of autistic subjects. In this study, we show that the expression of Ras protein was significantly elevated in the frontal cortex of autistic subjects. C-Raf phosphorylation was increased in the frontal cortex, while both C-Raf and A-Raf activities were enhanced in the cerebellum of autistic subjects. We also detected that both the protein expression and activities of ERK1/2 were significantly upregulated in the frontal cortex of autistic subjects, but not in the cerebellum. Furthermore, we showed that ERK5 protein expression is upregulated in both frontal cortex and cerebellum of autistic subjects. These results suggest that the upregulation of Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling and ERK5 activities mainly found in the frontal cortex of autistic subjects may be critically involved in the pathogenesis of autism.
The curse of history (1997)

A warning from the UKCC that nurses with a history of mental illness represent a danger to patients has been condemned as discriminatory by the RCN and mental health charities
A biomedical SoC architecture for predicting ventricular arrhythmia (2016)

Electrocardiography (ECG) represents the hearts electrical activity and has features such as QRS complex, P-wave and T-wave that provide critical clinical information for detection and prediction of cardiac diseases. This paper presents a novel ECG processing architecture for the prediction of ventricular arrhythmia (VA). The architecture implements a novel ECG feature extraction which is optimized for ultra-low power applications. The architecture is based on Curve Length Transform (CLT) for the detection of QRS complex and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for the delineation of TP waves. Features extracted from two consecutive ECG cycles are used to set innovative parameters for VA prediction up to 3 hours before VA onset. Two databases of the heart signal recordings from the American Heart Association (AHA) and the MIT PhysioNet were used as training, test and validation sets to evaluate the performance of the proposed system.
A phase I study of PF-05082566 (anti-4-1BB) + rituximab in patients with CD20+ NHL. (2015)

3004 Background: 4-1BB agonists enhance cytotoxic T-cell and NK cell responses, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, resulting in anti-tumor activity in preclinical models. PF-05082566 (PF-566), a fully humanized IgG2 monoclonal antibody, activates 4-1BB while blocking binding to endogenous 4-1BBL. Methods: This Phase I study evaluated PF-566 in doses ranging from 0.03-10 mg/kg in combination with 375 mg/m2 rituximab (R) in patients (pts) with relapsed or refractory CD20+ NHL. Patients were treated using a Time-To-Event Continuous-Reassessment-Method design. Pts received PF-566 from D1 Q4 weeks up to 24 mo. and R from D-7 Q1W X4. The 1o endpoint was first 2-cycle DLT with PK/PD, safety, and anti-tumor activity as 2o endpoints. Results: 35 pts with CD20 + NHL were treated with PF-566 combined with R: Follicular (FL) (n = 22), mantle cell (MCL) (n = 5), diffuse large B cell (n = 3), marginal zone (n = 2), small lymphocytic (n = 2) and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin’s (n = 1), 34 (97%) with prior R, and 20 (57%) with R-refractory disease. The median number of prior regimens was 3 (range of 1 - 9). No DLTs were observed and no pts discontinued treatment due to treatment-related AEs. The MTD was estimated as ≥ 10 mg/kg. No severe immune-related AEs were observed. PK data show a dose proportional increase in exposure and a half-life of ~10 days. Increases in soluble 4-1BB, memory T cells, and activated NK cells were observed. For pts up to 2.4 mg/kg (higher doses under evaluation for efficacy), the ORR was 21% (6/28), and in R-refractory pts the ORR was 29% (4/14), with 2 CR (0.03 and 0.12 mg/kg, both FL) with a duration of response > 2 years and 2 PR (FL and MCL). Enrollment into an expansion cohort is ongoing. The PFS for all of the R-refractory responders was > 6 mo and for all R-refractory pts the 6 mo PFS rate was 66% by Kaplan-Meier. Conclusions: PF-05082566 in combination with rituximab was well tolerated, with anti-tumor activity in R-refractory NHL patients, along with biomarker modulation consistent with 4-1BB agonist activity. In these R-refractory patients, the durability of anti-tumor activity appeared greater than their previous therapy. Further clinical studies of this combination in R-refractory indolent NHL patients are warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT01307267.
Modulation of T Cell Responses in HTLV-1 Carriers and in Patients with Myelopathy Associated with HTLV-1 (2006)

Although a large proportion of HTLV-1 carriers produced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines similar to those observed in HAM/TSP patients, immune response can be downregulated by cytokines or cytokine antagonists in most HTLV-1 carriers. This modulation can be an important step in the prevention of tissue damage and progression from the HTLV-1 carrier state to HAM/TSP.
Molecularly Targeted Therapies for Breast Cancer (2005)

Targeted therapy for breast cancer is a reality at this time, and several new agents hold promise for expanding and refining the pool of patients likely to further benefit from this approach in the near future.
Case Study: Optimizing Production in a Heavy-Oil Carbonate Reservoir (2001)

This article is a synopsis of paper SPE 69730, "Practical Methods to Optimizing Production in a Heavy-Oil Carbonate Reservoir: Case Study From Issaran Field, Eastern Desert, Egypt," by Arshad Waheed, Hossam El-Assal, Ehab Negm, Medhat Sanad, and Osama Sanad, Halliburton Overseas Ltd.; Gary Tuchscherer, SPE, Scimitar Production Egypt Ltd.; and Mohamed Sayed, General Petroleum Co., originally presented at the 2001 SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy-Oil Symposium, Margarita Island, Venezuela, 12-14 March.
Delivery of Molecular and Cellular Medicine to Solid Tumors (1997)

To reach cancer cells in a tumor, a blood-borne therapeutic molecule or cell must make its way into the blood vessels of the tumor and across the vessel wall into the interstitium and finally migrate through the interstitium. Unfortunately, tumors often develop in ways that hinder each of these steps. Our research goals are to analyze each of these steps experimentally and theoretically and then integrate the resulting information in a unified theoretical framework. This paradigm of analysis and synthesis has allowed us to obtain a better understanding of physiologic barriers in solid tumors and to develop novel strategies to exploit and/or to overcome these barriers for improved cancer detection and treatment.
Green Synthesis of Au Nanostructures at Room Temperature Using Biodegradable Plant Surfactants (2009)

One-step green synthesis of gold (Au) nanostructures is described using naturally occurring biodegradable plant surfactants such as VeruSOL-3 (mixture of d-limonene and plant-based surfactants), VeruSOL-10, VeruSOL-11, and VeruSOL-12 (individual plant-based surfactants derived from coconut and castor oils) without any special reducing agent/capping agents. This greener method uses water as a benign solvent and surfactant/plant extract as a reducing agent. Depending upon the Au concentration used for the preparation, Au crystallizes in different shapes and sizes to form spherical, prisms, and hexagonal structures. Sizes vary from the nanometer to micrometer scale level depending on the plant extract used for preparation. Synthesized Au nanostructures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and UV spectroscopy.
Properties of recent IBAD–MOCVD coated conductors relevant to their high field, low temperature magnet use (2010)

BaZrO3 (BZO) nanorods are now incorporated into production IBAD-MOCVD coated conductors. Here we compare several examples of both BZO-free and BZO-containing coated conductors using critical current (Ic) characterizations at 4.2 K over their full angular range up to fields of 31 T. We find that BZO nanorods do not produce any c-axis distortion of the critical current density Jc(theta) curve at 4.2 K at any field, but also that pinning is nevertheless strongly enhanced compared to the non-BZO conductors. We also find that the tendency of the ab-plane Jc(theta) peak to become cusp-like is moderated by BZO and we define a new figure of merit that may be helpful for magnet design - the OADI (Off-Axis Double Ic), which clearly shows that BZO broadens the ab-plane peak and thus raises Jc 5-30{\deg} away from the tape plane, where the most critical approach to Ic occurs in many coil designs. We describe some experimental procedures that may make critical current Ic tests of these very high current tapes more tractable at 4.2 K, where Ic exceeds 1000 A even for 4 mm wide tape with only 1 micron thickness of superconductor. A positive conclusion is that BZO is very beneficial for the Jc characteristics at 4.2 K, just as it is at higher temperatures, where the correlated c-axis pinning effects of the nanorods are much more obvious.
Optimal quantizer step sizes for transform coders (1991)

As evidenced by the theoretical modeling and simulation presented, the optimal quantizer solution for run-length and Huffman coding is quite addressable for the Laplacian case. The step sizes may be calculated in advance for images that share common statistics. Furthermore, the model can also be used for other uses such as bit-management for rate control and lower bound estimation for compressed file sizes; it is also the first step in the general solution to the transform coder quantization problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Genetic Characterization of the Resorcinol Catabolic Pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum (2006)

Corynebacterium glutamicum grew on resorcinol as a sole source of carbon and energy. By genome-wide data mining, two gene clusters, designated NCgl1110-NCgl1113 and NCgl2950-NCgl2953, were proposed to encode putative proteins involved in resorcinol catabolism. Deletion of the NCgl2950-NCgl2953 gene cluster did not result in any observable phenotype changes. Disruption and complementation of each gene at NCgl1110-NCgl1113, NCgl2951, and NCgl2952 indicated that these genes were involved in resorcinol degradation. Expression of NCgl1112, NCgl1113, and NCgl2951 in Escherichia coli revealed that NCgl1113 and NCgl2951 both coded for hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenases and NCgl1112 coded for maleylacetate reductases. NCgl1111 encoded a putative monooxygenase, but this putative hydroxylase was very different from previously functionally identified hydroxylases. Cloning and expression of NCgl1111 in E. coli revealed that NCgl1111 encoded a resorcinol hydroxylase that needs NADPH as a cofactor. E. coli cells containing Ncgl1111 and Ncgl1113 sequentially converted resorcinol into maleylacetate. NCgl1110 and NCgl2950 both encoded putative TetR family repressors, but only NCgl1110 was transcribed and functional. NCgl2953 encoded a putative transporter, but disruption of this gene did not affect resorcinol degradation by C. glutamicum. The function of NCgl2953 remains unclear.
Unique photoluminescence property of a novel perfectly carbazole-substituted POSS (2005)

The photoluminescence spectrum of newly synthesized octakis[2-(carbazol-9-yl)ethyldimethylsiloxy]silsesquioxane in the solid state shows a strong monomeric emission peak, which suggests the suppression of the formation of excimers even in the solid state.
The merge/purge problem for large databases (1995)

Many commercial organizations routinely gather large numbers of databases for various marketing and business analysis functions. The task is to correlate information from different databases by identifying distinct individuals that appear in a number of different databases typically in an inconsistent and often incorrect fashion. The problem we study here is the task of merging data from multiple sources in as efficient manner as possible, while maximizing the accuracy of the result. We call this the merge/purge problem. In this paper we detail the sorted neighborhood method that is used by some to solve merge/purge and present experimental results that demonstrates this approach may work well in practice but at great expense. An alternative method based upon clustering is also presented with a comparative evaluation to the sorted neighborhood method. We show a means of improving the accuracy of the results based upon a multi-pass approach that succeeds by computing the Transitive Closure over the results of independent runs considering alternative primary key attributes in each pass.
Near-Infrared Photon Emission Spectroscopy Trends in Scaled SOI Technologies (2012)

Abstract In this paper, near-infrared photon emission spectroscopy measurements from ring oscillators in 45 nm and 32 nm SOI process technology are compared. Employing a cryogenically cooled camera, the measurements cover a broad spectral range from 1200-2200 nm. Both leakage and switching emission, increase monotonically with the wavelength, suggesting measurements should be made at longer wavelengths than has historically been practiced. The paper discusses the optimum cut-off wavelength for maximum signal-to-noise ratio and the obvious importance of reduced ambient temperature for performing measurements.
The performance of magnetoresisitive vector magnetometers with optimised conductor and anisotropy axis angles (1983)

Magnetoresistive sensors are made by photo-etching narrow linear folded tracks in vacuum-deposited permalloy film with uniaxial anisotropy. A large demagnetising field appears across each narrow strip in the resistive pattern: this and the presence of exchange energy, bias fields and the effects of anisotropy, combine to make the choice of optimum anisotropy and current flow directions complex. In the work described here the angular variations of the magnetisation vector at a series of points across the strip have been calculated. The inclusion of an exchange energy term allows the total energy to be determined and the behaviour of the model may be predicted for any combination of conductor angle, anisotropy skew and applied fields. Comparisons made with experimental values show close similarity of form but some quantitative discrepency. A simpler model, in which the permalloy film is assumed to be magnetised as a single domain and the magnetisation vector is constant across the strip is also evaluated.
Bone morphogenetic protein-3 family members and their biological functions (2004)

Bone morphogenetic protein-3 and 3b (BMP-3 and BMP-3b) together represent a unique subgroup of the BMP family. BMP-3b shares 82% amino acid identity with BMP-3 in the mature region (ligand domain), but only 37% in the pro-region (pro-domain). In osteoblasts, BMP-3 and 3b have similar antagonistic activity against BMP-2, but they are differentially regulated. In developing embryos, BMP-3 and 3b have different dorsalizing activities. BMP-3b triggers secondary head formation in an autonomous manner, whereas BMP-3 induces aberrant tail formation. Loss-of-function analysis demonstrates that coordinated activity of xBMP-3b and cerberus, a head inducer, are required for head formation in Xenopus embryos. At the molecular level, BMP-3b antagonizes both nodal-like proteins (Xnr1 and derriere) and ventralizing BMPs (BMP-2 and ADMP), whereas BMP-3 only antagonizes ventralizing BMPs. Moreover, BMP-3b, but not BMP-3, associates with the monomeric form of Xnr1, a nodal-like protein. These molecular features of BMP-3 and 3b are due to their distinct pro-regions. These findings suggest that the processing of precursor regions and assembly of BMP-3 and 3b are important in various developmental processes and organogenesis.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs) of N-Terminus Fragments of NK1 Tachykinin Antagonists: A Comparison of Classical QSARs and Three-Dimensional QSARs from Similarity Matrixes (1995)

The ability of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) derived from classical QSAR descriptors and similarity indices to rationalize the activity of 28 N-terminus fragments of tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonists was examined. Two different types of analyses, partial least squares and multiple regression, were performed in order to check the robustness of each derived model. The models derived using classical QSAR descriptors lacked accurate quantitative and predictive abilities to describe the nature of the receptor-inhibitor interaction. However models derived using 3D QSAR descriptors based on similarity indices were both robust and significantly predictive. The best model was obtained through the statistical analysis of molecular field similarity indices (n = 28, r2 = 0.846, r(cv)2 = 0.737, s = 0.987, PRESS = 7.102) suggesting that electronic and size-related properties are the most relevant in explaining the affinity data of the training set. The overall quality and predictive ability of the models applied to the test set appear to be very high, since the predicted affinities of three test compounds agree with the experimentally determined affinities obtained subsequently within the experimental error of the binding data.
Connecting tools using message passing in the Field environment (1990)

An overview is given of the Field environment, which was developed to show that highly integrated, interactive environments like those on PCs can be implemented on workstations and can be used for classical-language and large-scale programming. Field connects tools with selective broadcasting, which follows the Unix philosophy of letting independent tools cooperate through simple conventions, demonstrating that this simple approach is feasible and desirable. Field achieves its goals by providing a consistent graphical front end and a simple integration framework that lets existing and new Unix tools cooperate. The front end is based on a tool set called the Brown workstation environment. The framework combines selective broadcasting with an annotation editor that provides consistent access to the source code in multiple contexts and with a set of specialized interactive analysis tools. Field's integration framework and message facility are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Sulfenes with Heterocyclic N,N‐Disubstituted α‐Aminomethyleneketones. (1986)

Abstract Aus den aliphatischen Dialkylaminomethylen‐dihydrobenzothiepinonen (Ia) bis (Ie) erhält man mit dem Sulfen (II) die tricyclischen Addukte (III); die aromatischen Aminoderivate (If) und (Ig) reagieren dagegen mit (II) nicht.
Insulin-metal ion interactions: the binding of divalent cations to insulin hexamers and tetramers and the assembly of insulin hexamers (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsulin-metal ion interactions: the binding of divalent cations to insulin hexamers and tetramers and the assembly of insulin hexamersFrederick D. Coffman and Michael F. DunnCite this: Biochemistry 1988, 27, 16, 6179–6187Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00416a053https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00416a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views697Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oligomerization properties of fragile-X mental-retardation protein (FMRP) and the fragile-X-related proteins FXR1P and FXR2P (1999)

The absence of fragile-X mental-retardation protein (FMRP) results in fragile-X syndrome. Two other fragile-X-related (FXR) proteins have been described, FXR1P and FXR2P, which are both very similar in amino acid sequence to FMRP. Interaction between the three proteins as well as with themselves has been demonstrated. The FXR proteins are believed to play a role in RNA metabolism. To characterize a possible functional role of the interacting proteins the complex formation of the FXR proteins was studied in mammalian cells. Double immunofluorescence analysis in COS cells over-expressing either FMRP ISO12/FXR1P or FMRP ISO12/FXR2P confirmed heterotypic interactions. However, Western-blotting studies on cellular homogenates containing physiological amounts of the three proteins gave different indications. Gel-filtration experiments under physiological as well as EDTA conditions showed that the FXR proteins were in complexes of >600 kDa, as parts of messenger ribonuclear protein (mRNP) particles associated with polyribosomes. Salt treatment shifted FMRP, FXR1P and FXR2P into distinct intermediate complexes, with molecular masses between 200 and 300 kDa. Immunoprecipitations of FMRP as well as FXR1P from the dissociated complexes revealed that the vast majority of the FXR proteins do not form heteromeric complexes. Further analysis by [(35)S]methionine labelling in vivo followed by immunoprecipitation indicated that no proteins other than the FXR proteins were present in these complexes. These results suggest that the FXR proteins form homo-multimers preferentially under physiological conditions in mammalian cells, and might participate in mRNP particles with separate functions.
mTOR inhibitors: An overview (2001)

Inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin are a new class of immunosuppressants. In contrast to other macrolides, such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine A, they do not inhibit calcineurin and thus signal I of T-cell activation. By inhibiting signal III, the mechanism of action and side effects of sirolimus (rapamycin) and its derivative RAD are distinct from other immunosuppressants. Reports of synergism with cyclosporine A and tacrolimus in preclinical and clinical studies, avoidance of nephrotoxicity, and possible treatment or prevention of chronic allograft rejection are leading to high expectations for this new class of immunosuppressants. Furthermore, studies evaluating tolerance induction are being conducted. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical results published to date and exploits the future value of sirolimus and RAD for clinical transplantation.