gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacterial vaginosis as a risk factor for post-cesarean endometritis. (1990)

Bacterial species associated with bacterial vaginosis have been isolated more frequently from endometrial cultures of patients with postpartum endometritis than expected from the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women. To further assess the association between bacterial vaginosis and postpartum endometritis, vaginal Gram smears were obtained from women admitted for delivery. Vaginal smears of women delivered by cesarean were scored as normal or as indicating bacterial vaginosis. Factors related independently to postpartum endometritis by multiple logistic regression analysis included maternal age less than 25 years, any duration of membrane rupture, and bacterial vaginosis. The unadjusted odds ratio for the development of postpartum endometritis associated with bacterial vaginosis (odds ratio = 6.1, 95% confidence interval 3.3-15.9) was not appreciably changed in the multivariable analysis (odds ratio = 5.8, 95% confidence interval 3.0-10.9) after adjusting for maternal age, duration of labor, and duration of membrane rupture. At the time of endometritis, Bacteroides sp, Peptostreptococcus sp, and Gardnerella vaginalis were isolated more frequently from the endometrium using a triple lumen endometrial sampling method among patients with bacterial vaginosis than among those with a normal Gram stain. Bacterial vaginosis appears to be an important risk factor for postpartum endometritis after cesarean delivery.
Protein Disulfide Isomerase as a Regulator of Chloroplast Translational Activation (1997)

Light-regulated translation of chloroplast messenger RNAs (mRNAs) requires trans-acting factors that interact with the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of these mRNAs. Chloroplast polyadenylate-binding protein (cPABP) specifically binds to the 5'-UTR of the psbA mRNA and is essential for translation of this mRNA. A protein disulfide isomerase that is localized to the chloroplast and copurifies with cPABP was shown to modulate the binding of cPABP to the 5'-UTR of the psbA mRNA by reversibly changing the redox status of cPABP through redox potential or adenosine 5'-diphosphate-dependent phosphorylation. This mechanism allows for a simple reversible switch regulating gene expression in the chloroplast.
Effects of combinations of antileukemic agents on an acute lymphocytic leukemia of mice. (1952)

Summary An approach to the problem of chemotherapy of experimental leukemia, based upon knowledge of the mechanism of resistance, is presented. The effects of several antileukemic compounds on survival time of mice bearing the acute lyphocytic leukemia, L 1210, have been studied. Striking potentiating effects were found in leukemic mice given A-methopterin and 8-azaguanine simultaneously. Alpha-peltatin and triethylene melamine did not significantly influence the effects of the two antimetabolites. A-methopterin and 8-azaguanine given simultaneously in combination were more effective than the two compounds given singly in combination. Thirty-five out of 320 mice given combinations of antileukemic compounds simultaneously survived 90 days or longer. These mice were apparently nonleukemic, and all those reinoculated with leukemic cells proved to be susceptible.
Environmental Pathogens and Intramammary Infection During the Dry Period (1985)

Rate of coliform and streptococcal intramammary infection during the dry period was studied in 168 dry periods. Coliform infection rate was influenced by stage of dry period, parity, and season during which dry periods occurred. Effects of dry cow therapy, immunization, or induced inflammation on coliform infection rate were minimal. Coliform infections originating in the first 50% of the dry period and persisting to lactation were predominantly other than Escbericbia coli, whereas the majority originating in the last 50% of the dry period and persisting to lactation were Escbericbia coll.
Impedance Control: An Approach to Manipulation (1984)

Manipulation fundamentally requires a manipulator to be mechanically coupled to the object being manipulated. A consideration of the physical constraints imposed by dynamic interaction shows that control of a vector quantity such as position or force is inadequate and that control of the manipulator impedance is also necessary. Techniques for control of manipulator behaviour are presented which result in a unified approach to kinematically constrained motion, dynamic interaction, target acquisition and obstacle avoidance.
Remote Ischemic Perconditioning as an Adjunct Therapy to Thrombolysis in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke (2013)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00975962.
Oxygenation of N-cycloheptylbenzamides with Beauveria sulfurescens (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygenation of N-cycloheptylbenzamides with Beauveria sulfurescensRoy A. Johnson, Milton E. Herr, Herbert C. Murray, William C. Krueger, Loraine M. Pschigoda, and David J. DuchampCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 26, 7212–7216Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00052a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00052a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reinsertion of stimulated nucleus pulposus cells retards intervertebral disc degeneration: An in vitro and in vivo experimental study (2000)

Abstract Reinsertion of autogenous nucleus pulposus, an innovative method to delay further disc degeneration, has been proved with an experimental animal model. This study examined whether coculture of nucleus pulposus cells with annulus fibrosus cells (a) activates annulus fibrosus cells and (b) retards disc degeneration when reinserted into the disc in a rabbit model of disc degeneration. Coculture of the two cell types stimulated proliferation of each, as indicated by increased DNA synthesis measured by increases in DNA polymerase α expression and uptake of 5‐bromo‐2 deoxy‐uridine assessed by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In a model of disc degeneration in rabbits, reinsertion of activated nucleus pulposus cells delayed the formation of clusters of chondrocyte‐like cells, the destruction of disc architecture, and the elaboration of type‐II collagen as measured immunohistochemically compared with no treatment. The direct reinsertion of activated nucleus pulposus cells into the disc offers a promising line of investigation for delaying intervertebral disc degeneration, although these results obtained with notochordal cells may not necessarily apply when mature central nucleus pulposus cells are used.
Comparison of the economics of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of newsprint (1978)

Abstract In order to compare the process economics of making glucose from cellulose, a plant design is presented using acid hydrolysis which can be compared with a published design using enzyme hydrolysis. A common design basis is used; namely, an input capacity of 885 ton/day newsprint with a common technique of cost estimation. The cost of making glucose is in the range of 1.75 to 2.45 cents/lb, depending on the slurry concentration fed to the reactor for the acid hydrolysis. This cost range is less than the published estimate of 5.2 cents/lb for enzymatic hydrolysis.
Zymosan induces selective release of arachidonic acid from rabbit alveolar macrophages via stimulation of a β‐glucan receptor (1992)

Zymosan, which is composed primarily of alpha-mannan and beta-glucan polymers, is a well recognized activator of macrophages. The type receptor by which unopsonized zymosan induces arachidonic acid release was investigated. It was found that particulate beta-glucan and zymosan stimulated an identical dose-dependent release of arachidonic acid. This release of arachidonic acid by zymosan was blocked by soluble beta-glucans whereas soluble mannan had no effect. This inhibition was not due to a general toxic effect of the soluble beta-glucans as they had no effect on calcium ionophore-induced release of arachidonic acid. Beta-glucan-induced fatty acid release from these cells was shown to be fairly specific for arachidonic acid. These data reveal that zymosan stimulates the specific release of arachidonic acid from rabbit alveolar macrophages, at least in part, via a beta-glucan receptor.
Percutaneous Absorption of Metopimazine and Effect of Cyclodextrins (2008)

Metopimazine (MPZ) is used to prevent emesis during chemotherapies. A transdermal delivery system of MPZ may present a great advantage in patients to improve compliance. Hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD) and partially methylated beta cyclodextrin (PMbetaCD) were tested to enhance the percutaneous absorption of MPZ through pig skin using Franz's cells. The MPZ hydrochloride flux was low with 0.176 +/- 0.054 microg/h/cm(2) and no flux was detected with a suspension of MPZ (base). The used characterization analyses demonstrated the formation of an inclusion complex with cyclodextrin and this complex improved percutaneous absorption of MPZ. Flux was increased to 0.240 +/- 0.032 microg/h/cm(2) and 0.566 +/- 0.057 mug/h/cm(2) for HPbetaCD and PMbetaCD, respectively, with a concentration of 20%. This study has shown that HPbetaCD and PMbetaCD improved the percutaneous penetration of MPZ. Cyclodextrin complexes increased MPZ bioavailability at the skin surface and PMbetaCD was also able to extract cutaneous fatty acids.
DNA replication. (1988)

Whither DNA ReplicationDNA replication is crucial to life: in the duplication of the genome, in its rearrangements, and in its repair when damaged.The maturity of research on replication is attested to by monographs (1, 2), reviews (3), and symposia (4).Yet, many interesting and accessible questions remain unanswered.What we know and would like to know will be discussed under: how a DNA chain is started and extended, and how chromosomes are initiated, terminated, and segregated. How Is a DNA Chain Started?Because DNA polymerases can only extend a preexisting chain, a new chain, almost always, is started by a short RNA transcript, known as a primer.There are two exceptions to
The art book (1997)

The Art Book is the first ever fully-illustrated art dictionary. It presents an abundance of famous, varied and colourful images by 500 of the greatest artists from the Middle Ages to the present day. Arranged in alphabetical order by artist, it is amazingly easy to use. With one full page, representative image per artist and an informative text that discusses the work in detail as well as offering information about its creator, The Art Book is both educational and fun. Presenting an entirely fresh way of looking at art, this book is an invaluable resource for reference and inspiration in every home, school, library or studio. Ideal for anyone new to art, it also serves as a visual sourcebook for teachers and designers, and will be a constant source of stimulus and delight for anyone wishing to look at art in a new light. Winner of the Illustrated Book of the Year award in 1994, The Art Book has been an outstanding success and become a universally acclaimed landmark in the world of art. Now published in over 20 different languages and also in mini, midi and hardback formats, it has received rave reviews from countless newspapers and magazines and has made many appearances on the bestseller lists. Complemented by The 20th Century Art Book and The American Art Book, its unique approach brings art to life, in all its magnificent diversity. An A-Z guide to 500 great painters and sculptors from medieval to modern times, it debunks art-historical classifications by throwing together brilliant examples of all periods, schools, visions and techniques.
Acute Depletion of Endothelial β3-Integrin Transiently Inhibits Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis in Mice (2013)

Our findings imply that timing and length of inhibition are critical factors that need to be considered when targeting the endothelial expression of β3-integrin to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis.
CMX001 (1- O -Hexadecyloxypropyl-Cidofovir) Inhibits Polyomavirus JC Replication in Human Brain Progenitor-Derived Astrocytes (2011)

Polyomavirus JC (JCV) replication causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a frequently fatal brain disease in immunodeficient patients, yet antiviral drugs are lacking. We characterized the lipid conjugate 1-O-hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (CMX001) regarding JCV (Mad-4) replication in human brain progenitor-derived astrocytes (PDA) and the simian virus 40 (SV40) large-T-antigen-expressing COS-7 cells up to 7 days postinfection (dpi). We examined JCV loads by PCR, the infection rate by immunofluorescence, and host cell toxicity by WST-1 and BrdU incorporation assays. Supernatants from CMX001-treated PDA demonstrated a drug concentration-dependent decrease in JCV loads and infectivity. CMX001 had only a modest effect on host cell metabolism but reduced overall BrdU incorporation. In PDA at 7 dpi, the CMX001 50% effective concentration (EC50) was 5.55 nM, the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was 184.6 nM, and the 50% selectivity index (SI50) was 33.3. The EC90 was 19.7 nM, the CC90 was 5,054 nM, and the SI90 was 256.1. In COS-7 cells, JCV replication was faster and the EC50 and EC90 were 18- and 37-fold higher than those in PDA, i.e., 0.1 μM and 0.74 μM (CC50, 0.67 μM; SI50, 6.7; CC90, 12.2 μM; SI90, 16.5) at 5 dpi. We conclude that CMX001 inhibits JCV replication at concentrations in vitro that can be attained by oral administration without significant side effects in clinical studies.
CPT-11: a new derivative of camptothecin for the treatment of refractory or relapsed small-cell lung cancer. (1992)

CPT-11 is an active agent against refractory or relapsed SCLC and deserves to be studied more closely as both a single agent and in combination with other drugs to treat patients with SCLC.
Synergistic effects of a macrolide and a cell wall-affecting antibiotic on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo. 1. Combined effects of a macrolide and a peptide antibiotic. (1982)

Synergistic effects of peptide and macrolide antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Synergistic effects were evaluated by estimating the number of viable bacteria at varying intervals in the logarithmic growth phase. These bacteria were treated concurrently with polymyxin B (PL) at the final concentration of 1.56 U/ml and with 9,3"-di-O-acetylmidecamycin (MOM) at varying concentrations. Synergistic effect was observed when PL was used with MOM at 3.13 and 12.5 microgram/ml respectively. When MOM at 50 microgram/ml was used with PL, the viable bacterial count was reduced to below 1/300 of the control to which PL alone had been added. Thus, the synergistic effect was remarkable. Similar results were obtained when colistin methanesulfonate (CL) was used instead of PL. Subsequently, attempts were made to determine if this action could also be found in in vivo experiments using mice. PL or CL was injected intramuscularly and midecamycin (MDM) or MOM was administered once or repeatedly by the oral route. Simultaneously, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain IFO 3455 was inoculated intraperitoneally to mice. In the case of treatment once or repeatedly using both PL and MDM or MOM, the survival rate of infected mice increased significantly compared to single treatment by PL alone. Thus, the synergistic effects were demonstrated in four experiments. (The significance levels for the experiments were P = 0.070, 0.015, 0.042 and 0.024). Similar results were obtained when strain No. 5 was used to infect mice (P = 0.0096, 0.0027). When CL and MOM were given to mice once prior to infection with strain No. 5, synergistic effects were obtained as well (P = 0.010, 0.034).
The redox status of malaria-infected erythrocytes: an overview with an emphasis on unresolved problems (1994)

The various mechanisms involved in the redox defence of normal erythrocytes are adequately known. They are herein briefly reviewed, outlining the principal enzymes and metabolic pathways, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) and glutathione synthesis and turnover. The intraerythrocytic malaria parasite is imposing an oxidative stress on its host cell. Malaria infected cells produce O2-, H2O2, enhance lipide peroxidation and activate host cell HMS. This stress is produced during the digestion of host cell hemoglobin by the parasite. Hence, both parasite and host cell must be able to confront this stress. The antioxidant defence systems of the parasite and the response of those systems in the infected host cell are reviewed, underscoring unresolved problems. Nothing is virtually known on the parasite's glutathione metabolism, and on possible interactions between host cell and parasite antioxidant defence systems. The postulate that 1. host cell activated HMS in conjunction with purine salvage can provide purine nucleotides to the parasite, and 2. that glutathione transferase can participate in parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs, are also discussed.
Practical Method for the Rhodium-Catalyzed Addition of Aryl- and Alkenylboronic Acids to Aldehydes (2001)

The arylation or alkenylation of aldehydes with boronic acids is conveniently effected by a catalyst system comprising RhCl3⋅3 H2O (1 mol %), the sterically hindered imidazolium salt 2 (1 mol %), and a base. The N-heterocyclic carbene 6 derived from 2 is believed to be the actual ligand to the catalytically active rhodium species formed in situ. The method is compatible with various functional groups in both reaction partners and follows a non-chelation controlled pathway in additions to the Garner aldehyde 23.
Real-time metabolic imaging (2006)

The endogenous substance pyruvate is of major importance to maintain energy homeostasis in the cells and provides a window to several important metabolic processes essential to cell survival. Cell viability is therefore reflected in the metabolism of pyruvate. NMR spectroscopy has until now been the only noninvasive method to gain insight into the fate of pyruvate in the body, but the low NMR sensitivity even at high field strength has only allowed information about steady-state conditions. The medically relevant information about the distribution, localization, and metabolic rate of the substance during the first minute after the injection has not been obtainable. Use of a hyperpolarization technique has enabled 10-15% polarization of (13)C(1) in up to a 0.3 M pyruvate solution. i.v. injection of the solution into rats and pigs allows imaging of the distribution of pyruvate and mapping of its major metabolites lactate and alanine within a time frame of approximately 10 s. Real-time molecular imaging with MRI has become a reality.
Role of Repeated Lung Injury and Genetic Background in Bleomycin-Induced Fibrosis (2003)

Current hypotheses of the pathogenesis of many forms of pulmonary fibrosis suggest that (i) a stimulus results in repeated or prolonged episodes of lung injury, and (ii) genetic factors modulate the outcome of the injury. The commonly employed single-exposure bleomycin model results in only temporary fibrosis. Therefore, we evaluated whether repeated bleomycin exposures, in the setting of a genetic background more likely to develop a T helper 2 (Th2) response, would induce prolonged fibrosis. Lung fibrosis was induced by intratracheal bleomycin injection, either as a single exposure or as three consecutive exposures. We found that bleomycin induced a Th2-like environment in both Th1-biased C57BL/6J and Th2-biased DBA/2 mice. We also found histologic changes and collagen increases consistent with lung injury/fibrosis at early time points, but prolonged fibrosis only after multiple exposures in the Th2-biased DBA/2 mice. We also determined if impaired healing of bleomycin-induced injury would prolong fibrosis in the C57BL/6J mice. Endothelial nitric oxide (which protects endothelial cells from oxidant-induced injury) synthase knockout animals on a C57BL/6J background also had prolonged fibrosis, similar to DBA/2 mice, after multiple bleomycin exposures. This was specific to eNOS, as inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout animals cleared the fibrosis as effectively as wild-type C57BL/6J mice. This data indicate that healing of injury/fibrosis after bleomycin is complex and can be determined by a number of genetic and environmental factors.
Randomized controlled trial of the CGRP receptor antagonist telcagepant for migraine prevention (2014)

This study provides Class II evidence that in patients with migraine, telcagepant taken daily reduces headache days by 1.4 days per month compared to placebo and causes 2.5% of patients to have elevations of serum ALT levels.
The HIV tat gene transforms human keratinocytes. (1992)

Skin disorders are frequently seen in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Since many of these cutaneous manifestations are accompanied by an early onset of epidermal hyperplasia, the keratinocyte is a candidate for infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We now report that the HIV tat gene, under the control of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR), can efficiently transform human keratinocytes in culture. Our finding suggests that this activity of the tat gene may be responsible for the epidermal hyperplasia that accompanies psoriasis and precedes the development of squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas in AIDS patients.
Process control and scheduling issues for multiprogrammed shared-memory multiprocessors (1989)

Shared-memory multiprocessors are frequently used in a time-sharing style with multiple parallel applications executing at the same time. In such an environment, where the machine load is continuously varying, the question arises of how an application should maximize its performance while being fair to other users of the system. In this paper, we address this issue. We first show that if the number of runnable processes belonging to a parallel application significantly exceeds the effective number of physical processors executing it, its performance can be significantly degraded. We then propose a way of controlling the number of runnable processes associated with an application dynamically, to ensure good performance. The optimal number of runnable processes for each application is determined by a centralized server, and applications dynamically suspend or resume processes in order to match that number. A preliminary implementation of the proposed scheme is now running on the Encore Multimax and we show how it helps improve the performance of several applications. In some cases the improvement is more than a factor of two. We also discuss implications of the proposed scheme for multiprocessor schedulers, and how the scheme should interface with parallel programming languages.