gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Synthesis of Star-Shaped Poly(vinyl ether)s with a Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution by Living Cationic Polymerization (2006)

Star-shaped poly(vinyl ether)s with narrow molecular weight distributions were obtained from polymer-linking reactions of living polymers with a divinyl compound based on living cationic polymerization. For example, living polymers (DP(n) = 50-300) of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE), prepared with a cationogen/EtAlCl(2) at 0 degrees C in hexane in the presence of ethyl acetate, were allowed to react with a small amount of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol divinyl ether (DVE-1) to give a star-shaped poly(IBVE) in quantitative yield (100%). In addition, a notable feature of this star-shaped polymer was extremely narrow molecular weight distribution (M(w)/M(n) = 1.1-1.2). The structure of divinyl compounds and reaction conditions for the linking reaction are key factors for achieving quantitative yield of star-shaped polymers. To our best knowledge, this is the first example of selective preparation of star-shaped polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution via one-pot polymer-linking reactions, which has never been achieved in any other mechanisms. The M(w) and the number of arms per molecule ranged from 6 x 10(4) to 30 x 10(4) and 9 to 44, respectively. Thermosensitive star polymers were also synthesized in quantitative yield, and the products were found to undergo sensitive phase separation and physical gelation.
Electron Drift Mobility in Silver Chloride (1962)

The drift mobility of electrons in silver chloride has been measured in the temperature range 70 to 350\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. In selected crystals, multiple trapping effects are not important, and the data represent the microscopic mobility. The experimental results are compared with existing theories of mobility in polar materials. It is suggested that the microscopic mobility is determined by the interaction of longitudinal optical phonons with polarons which have a temperature-dependent mass, and a temperature-dependent coupling between the electron and the lattice. The effect of multiple trapping at lower temperatures is shown, and the results are analyzed in terms of the concentration and energy depth of a single set of shallow trapping states.
Macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the perivascular compartment in chronic multiple sclerosis. (1978)

Perivascular cells in CNS tissue from six multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and a patient with motor neuron disease were examined by light and electron microscopy. Lymph node tissue from one MS patient was also examined. CNS perivascular macrophages in both MA and motor neuron disease were found to closely resemble free macrophages elsewhere in the body except that they often contained unusually large primary lysosomes. Cytoplasmic inclusions consisting of membrane-bound stacks of curved linear profiles, presumed to be a product of myelin degradation, were constantly observed in microglia in MS plaques but were rarely observed in perivascular macrophages in the same area. Unidentified cylindrical bodies were observed within cysternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum in some lymph node cells. Quantitative studies of the perivascular cell population in one MS case revealed, in histologically normal white matter 260 lymphocytes and 178 plasma cells per cubic millimeter of fresh tissue. Typical chronic plaque tissue without obvious inflammatory cell cuffing contained 1772 plasma cells per cubic millimeter of fresh tissue. No plasma cells were observed in the CNS in motor neuron disease. The results of this study suggest that perivascular macrophages in the CNS represent a specialized population of monocyte-derived free macrophages, that these cells differ functionally from microglial cells, and that the digestion of myelin breakdown products in MS requires the participation of both cell types. The results also suggest that in some chronic MS cases there is a large, permanent population of CNS plasma cells that persists, like the elevated cerebrospinal fluid IgG level in this disease, for the life of the patient, that these cells, rather than inflammatory cells in fresh lesions, are the major source of this raised IgG, and that the existence of such a population of cells may indicate the continuing expression of antigens in chronic MS lesions in the absence of fresh lesion formation.
Characterization of expression, cytokine regulation, and effector function of the high affinity IgG receptor Fc gamma RI (CD64) expressed on human blood dendritic cells (1997)

The mechanisms responsible for efficient sequestration of Ag by cells of the dendritic cell (DC) lineage remain incompletely characterized. One pathway, internalization of Ag-IgG complexes via CD32 (the type II IgG FcR, Fc gamma RII) enhances Ag presentation 100-fold over noncomplexed Ag. Blood leukocytes differentially express two additional IgG FcR, Fc gamma RI (CD64) and Fc gamma RIII (CD16), which may also participate in leukocyte functions such as phagocytosis, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), release of oxygen intermediates, and enhancement of Ag presentation. A phagocytically active form of CD64 was recently demonstrated on human blood DC, but complete functional potential of CD64 on the DC lineage remains undefined. Therefore, highly purified human blood DC (CD33(2)+, CD14-, CD11c2+, HLA-DR3+, CD64+ (CD83+ after overnight culture)) and monocytes (CD33(2)+, CD14(3)+, CD11c2+, HLA-DR+, CD64(2)+, CD83-) were compared for cytokine modulation and effector functions of CD64. Both DC and monocyte CD64 expression was increased by IFN-gamma and IL-10, but while monocyte CD64 was decreased by IL-4, DC CD64 remained unchanged. FcR-mediated functional differences were also evident between the DC and the monocytes. Monocytes generated robust Fc gamma R-dependent superoxide anion release and ADCC activity, while DC failed to release reactive oxygen intermediates and demonstrated minimal ADCC activity, despite apparently normal expression of the gamma-chain subunit and the signaling molecule Syk. In contrast, DC were more efficient than monocytes with respect to T cell activation when Ag was targeted specifically to CD64. These new findings suggest a previously unappreciated potential for CD64 to shape the immune response by dramatically increasing the efficiency with which DC sequester Ag prior to achieving full T cell stimulatory potential.
Specific expression of the human CD4 gene in mature CD4+ CD8- and immature CD4+ CD8+ T cells and in macrophages of transgenic mice. (1994)

The CD4 protein plays a critical role in the development and function of the immune system. To gain more insight into the mechanism of expression of the human CD4 gene, we cloned 42.2 kbp of genomic sequences comprising the CD4 gene and its surrounding sequences. Studies with transgenic mice revealed that a 12.6-kbp fragment of the human CD4 gene (comprising 2.6 kbp of 5' sequences upstream of the transcription initiation site, the first two exons and introns, and part of exon 3) contains the sequences required to support the appropriate expression in murine mature CD4+ CD8- T cells and macrophages but not in immature double-positive CD4+ CD8+ T cells. Expression in CD4+ CD8+ T cells was found to require additional regulatory elements present in a T-cell enhancer fragment recently identified for the murine CD4 gene (S. Sawada and D. R. Littman, Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:5506-5515, 1991). These results suggest that expression of CD4 in mature and immature T-cell subsets may be controlled by distinct and independent regulatory elements. Alternatively, specific regulatory elements may control the expression of CD4 at different levels in mature and immature T-cell subsets. Our data also indicate that mouse macrophages contain the regulatory factors necessary to transcribe the human CD4 gene.
The growth hormone insulin-like growth factor axis in kidney revisited (1993)

Studies characterizing actions of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factors (IGF) in kidneys of adult and developing animals and humans have provided a good deal of insight into the functions of these peptides. Although certain of the actions may be mediated directly by GH, most appear to result from effects of GH to increase levels of circulating IGF or IGF produced in kidney. In addition to GH, epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhances the renal synthesis of IGF-I. Enhancement of renal IGF-I expression is GH independent in compensatory hypertrophy. Stimulation of kidney IGF-I production also occurs in diabetes mellitus. Renal IGF-I production is elevated in these settings in the absence of changes in circulating IGF-I, consistent with a causative role of renal IGF-I for the accompanying increased glomerular filtration rate and kidney growth. Actions of IGF in kidney are initiated following binding of peptides to specific receptors. Receptor number may be altered during compensatory growth and in diabetes mellitus. In addition to IGF, several IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) are produced in kidney and are likely to both inhibit and enhance the actions of IGF in different circumstances through sequestration of peptides and regulation of peptide interactions with their receptors. Administration of IGF-I to rats following acute ischemic injury hastens the recovery of normal renal function and accelerates the regeneration of the damaged proximal tubular epithelium. IGF-I increases the glomerular filtration rate in humans with normal and reduced functional kidney mass. These findings establish the potential for use of this peptide as a therapeutic agent in the settings of acute and chronic renal failure.
Collagen content of human amniotic membranes: effect of gestation length and premature rupture. (1981)

The collagen content of amniotic membranes was measured in samples obtained at delivery from patients with and without premature rupture of the membranes (PROM). In samples from patients with PROM the collagen content (343 microgram/mg) was significantly lower than in samples from patients without PROM (373 microgram/mg) (P less than .005). The collagen content decreased between 32 and 40 weeks' gestation from 446 to 362 microgram/mg (r = .588; P less than .001) in patients without PROM and from 393 to 332 microgram/mg (r = -.362; P less than .05) in patients with PROM. The latent period between membrane rupture and delivery was not associated with a decrease in collagen content. The changes in amnion collagen during gestation and the differences observed with PROM suggest that weakening of the amnion in preparation for rupture may be determined partly by factors controlling the synthesis and degradation of collagen.
Involvement of Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein, CD14, and Toll-Like Receptors in the Initiation of Innate Immune Responses by Treponema Glycolipids (2000)

Culture supernatants from Treponema maltophilum associated with periodontitis in humans and Treponema brennaborense found in a bovine cattle disease accompanied with cachexia caused a dose-dependent TNF-alpha synthesis in human monocytes increasing with culture time. This activity could be reduced significantly by blocking the CD14-part of the LPS receptor using the My 4 mAb and by polymyxin B. In the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, Treponema culture supernatants induced TNF-alpha secretion in a LPS binding protein (LBP)-dependent fashion. To enrich for active compounds, supernatants were extracted with butanol, while whole cells were extracted using a phenol/water method resulting in recovery of material exhibiting a similar activity profile. An LPS-LBP binding competition assay revealed an interaction of the treponeme phenol/water extracts with LBP, while precipitation studies implied an affinity to polymyxin B and endotoxin neutralizing protein. Macrophages obtained from C3H/HeJ mice carrying a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 mutation were stimulated with treponeme extracts for NO release to assess the role of TLRs in cell activation. Furthermore, NF-kappaB translocation in TLR-2-negative Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was studied. We found that phenol/water-extracts of the two strains use TLRs differently with T. brennaborense-stimulating cells in a TLR-4-dependent fashion, while T. maltophilum-mediated activation apparently involved TLR-2. These results indicate the presence of a novel class of glycolipids in Treponema initiating inflammatory responses involving LBP, CD14, and TLRs.
One-step surface modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) by undecylenic acid (2008)

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is a popular material for microfluidic devices due to its relatively low cost, ease of
fabrication, oxygen permeability and optical transmission characteristics. However, its highly hydrophobic surface is still
the main factor limiting its wide application, in particular as a material for biointerfaces. A simple and rapid method to
form a relatively stable hydrophilised PDMS surface is reported in this paper. The PDMS surface was treated with pure
undecylenic acid (UDA) for 10 min, 1 h and 1 day at 80 °C in a sealed container. The effects of the surface modification
were investigated using water contact angle (WCA) measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated
total reflection mode (FTIR-ATR), and streaming zeta-potential analysis. The water contact angle of 1 day UDAmodified
PDMS was found to decrease from that of native PDMS (110 °) to 75 °, demonstrating an increase in
wettability of the surface. A distinctive peak at 1715 cm-1 in the FTIR-ATR spectra after UDA treatment was
representative of carboxylation of the PDMS surface. The measured zeta-potential (ζ) at pH 4 changed from -27 mV for
pure PDMS to -19 mV after UDA treatment. In order to confirm carboxylation of the surface visually, Lucifer Yellow
CH fluorescence dye was reacted via a condensation reaction to the 1 day UDA modified PDMS surface. Fluorescent
microscopy showed Lucifer Yellow CH fluorescence on the carboxylated surface, but not on the pure PDMS surface.
Stability experiments were also performed showing that 1 day modified UDA samples were stable in both MilliQ water
at 50 °C for 17 h, and in a desiccator at room temperature for 19.5 h.
Las categorías organizadas del apego en el infante, en el niño, y en el adulto: atención flexible versus inflexible bajo estrés relacionado con el apego. (2001)

Desde una perspectiva evolucionista, un mecanismo central que promueve la supervivencia del infante es el mantenimiento de la proximidad a las figuras de apego. En consecuencia, la(s) figura(s) de apego representan la solución principal del niño frente a las experiencias de miedo. Algunos aspectos de los avances en el terreno del apego se delinean dentro de este contexto, empezando con la teoría etológica/evolutiva de Bowlby, y continuando con las primeras descripciones de Ainsworth sobre la interacción entre la madre y el bebe en Uganda y Baltimore. Utilizando un procedimiento de laboratorio llamado la situación extraña, Ainsworth identificó tres patrones organizados de respuestas infantiles ante la separación y la reunión con la madre. Se aportarán narraciones derivadas de la conducta ante la situación extraña grabadas en vídeo de los niños en cada categoría (seguro, evitativo y ambivalente, junto con una discusión de las secuelas prototípicas de cada categoría (e.j. conducta en el colegio, narraciones relacionadas con la separación y dibujos a la edad de seis años). La ¿Entrevista del Apego del Adulto¿ (EAA) también es descrita así como el movimiento hacia el nivel de la representación. Las transcripciones de las entrevistas EAA se analizan actualmente según la capacidad del que habla para adherirse a las máximas de Grice sobre el discurso racional cooperativo, y se han identificado tres categorías de ¿Entrevista del Apego del Adulto¿ del tipo organizado, o estados mentales con respecto al apego, (autónomo-seguro, desentendido y preocupado). Cuando se administra la entrevista a padres que han sido observados con sus infantes en la situación extraña, cada categoría de EAA nos ha mostrado repetidamente la posibilidad de predecir la respuesta del niño hacia los padres en la situación extraña. Se proveen ilustraciones del discurso característico de cada categoría y se observa que individuos con historias aparentemente desfavorables tienen una prole segura siempre y cuando su historia se narre coherentemente. Como en la conducta del infante en la situación extraña, las diferencias en la seguridad del adulto identificadas a través de patrón del discurso son interpretadas en términos de flexibilidad o inflexibilidad de la atención bajo una situación de estrés relacionada con el apego.
A Plea for a Scientific Rationale for Rejection of the RDA Report −1985 (1986)

The discussion on the revisions of the Recommended Dietary Allowances continues (see Nutrition Today 20:6, November/December 1985) Dr. Kamin asks for an explanation.
Observation on the Therapeutic Effect of Vertigo Treated by Pinching the Spine (2003)

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of vertigo treated by pinching the spine. Methods: In the treatment group, 80 cases of vertigo were treated by pinching the spine and An-pressing and Rou-stationary circular pressing. In the control group, 66 cases were treated by An-pressing and Rou-stationary circular pressing. Results: The total effective rate was 95.0% in the treatment group, and 66.7% in control group. The therapeutic effect in treatment group was better than that in control group (P＜0.01). Conclusions: Pinching the spine to treat the vertigo could get rapid and good therapeutic effect, and may avoid the toxic and side effect of drug treatment.
Leaky Modes in Weakly Guiding Fiber Acoustic Waveguides (1986)

The analysis of leaky modes in a fiber acoustic waveguide with small differences between the acoustic parameters (Vr-, Vs, p) of its core and infinitely thick cladding is presented. These modes become ideally guided if both the shear-velocity and density differences vanish. The propagation constant of leaky modes is complex and has a small imaginary part that accounts for the attenuation of acoustic fields and power along the fiber. Aside from the attenuation coefficient, the trans- mission properties of leaky modes such as phase and group velocities, cutoff frequencies, and power flow are essentially the same as those of ideally guided modes that are independent of shear wave velocities. Furthermore, all modes are predominantly longitudinal if the differ- ence between the longitudinal velocities of the core and cladding is small. Their phase velocities lie between the two longitudinal velocities and they may not be of torsional or Stoneley wave types. The atten- uation coefficient, however, depends strongly on the shear velocity dif- ference t = lVSz - V~ssll/Vs, and is proven to be of U(t2) (subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the core and cladding regions, respectively). Waveguide materials and aspects of coupling techniques for longitudinal modes are also discussed.
Immunomodulation in Experimental and Clinical Nephrology Using Chimeric Proteins (1996)

The objective of immunosuppressive therapy in nephrology is to prevent autoimmune diseases and to suppress kidney allograft rejections while sparing other effects. Increased clarification of the underlying immune mechanism has made specific immunodulation possible using chimeric proteins in which the variable domains of an immunoglobulin are replaced by extracellular domains of cell surface molecules or cytokines. The immunosuppressive effects of fusion proteins such as CTLA-4 IgG, CD40 IgG, interleukin (IL)-10 IgG, IL-2 IgG or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor IgG have been proven in various animal models. Moreover, the application of TNF-receptor IgG successfully limited the OKT3-induced cytokine release syndrome in kidney graft recipients. It seems likely that recombinant proteins with increasingly effective suppression of specific elements of the immune response will become an essential element in clinical protocols.
Proteoglycans: Their structure, interactions and molecular organization in cartilage (1981)

Conference Article| December 01 1981 Proteoglycans: Their structure, interactions and molecular organization in cartilage TIM HARDINGHAM TIM HARDINGHAM 1Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Hammersmith, London W6 7DW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1981) 9 (6): 489–497. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0090489 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation TIM HARDINGHAM; Proteoglycans: Their structure, interactions and molecular organization in cartilage. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1981; 9 (6): 489–497. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0090489 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search © 1981 Biochemical Society1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Neuroblast long-term cell cultures from human fetal olfactory epithelium respond to odors (1995)

Primary cell cultures from human fetal olfactory neuroepithelium have been isolated, cloned, and propagated in continuous in vitro culture for approximately 1 year. The two clones we report here synthesize both neuronal proteins and olfactory-specific markers as well as the putative olfactory neurotransmitter, carnosine. In addition, patchclamp experiments reveal that these cells are electrically excitable. Following exposure to a panel of aromatic chemicals one of the cell cultures shows a specific increase in intracellular cAMP, indicating that some degree of functional maturity is expressed in vitro. The results suggest that these cells originate from the "stem cell" compartment that gives rise to mature olfactory receptor neurons. These long-term cell cultures represent models that will be useful in studying the mechanism(s) of olfaction and the regulation of olfactory neurogenesis and differentiation.
77 GHz Transceiver Module Using A Low Dielectric Constant Multilayer Structure (2000)

This paper presents a novel 77 GHz transceiver design based on a simple and compact planar multilayer architecture. The module comprises a specific type of feed-through ratrace mixer and an aperture-coupled patch antenna both using low dielectric constant microstrip material. The broadband design makes the circuit suitable to be incorporated into a MMIC-based automotive radar front-end.
Optimisation of transgene action at the post-transcriptional level: high quality parthenocarpic fruits in industrial tomatoes (2002)

By using an auxin biosynthesis transgene downregulated at the post-transcriptional level, an optimal expressivity of parthenocarpy has been achieved in a genetic background not suitable for the original transgene. Thus, the method allows the generation of a wider range of expressivity of the desired trait in transgenic plants.