gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Synergistic Effect of Doxorubicin and Mitomycin C Against Breast Cancer Cells (2007)

The combination of doxorubicin and mitomycin C has been shown previously to result in supra-additive tumor cell killing in vitro in both murine and human breast cancer cells and in vivo against murine breast cancer cells. Median effect analysis was used to determine the significance and degree of interaction. The origin of this synergy was sought by evaluating the contribution of membrane efflux pump modulation, formaldehyde production, reactive oxygen species, DNA cross-linking, and DNA double-strand breaks to this effect. The interaction of mitomycin C and doxorubicin in vitro was found to be a true synergy whose mechanism was efflux pump-independent. DNA cross-links were only found to increase additively with co-administration of the drugs; however, a supra-additive increase in DNA double-strand breaks was observed. The results suggest that poisoning of topoisomerase IIalpha by doxorubicin may interact with drug-induced DNA cross-links to enhance the formation of DNA double-strand breaks. This interaction, together with glutathione depletion and mitomycin C-derived formaldehyde, may be the underlying mechanism(s) of the synergy observed between mitomycin C and doxorubicin.
Large animal models for stem cell therapy (2013)

The field of regenerative medicine is approaching translation to clinical practice, and significant safety concerns and knowledge gaps have become clear as clinical practitioners are considering the potential risks and benefits of cell-based therapy. It is necessary to understand the full spectrum of stem cell actions and preclinical evidence for safety and therapeutic efficacy. The role of animal models for gaining this information has increased substantially. There is an urgent need for novel animal models to expand the range of current studies, most of which have been conducted in rodents. Extant models are providing important information but have limitations for a variety of disease categories and can have different size and physiology relative to humans. These differences can preclude the ability to reproduce the results of animal-based preclinical studies in human trials. Larger animal species, such as rabbits, dogs, pigs, sheep, goats, and non-human primates, are better predictors of responses in humans than are rodents, but in each case it will be necessary to choose the best model for a specific application. There is a wide spectrum of potential stem cell-based products that can be used for regenerative medicine, including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, somatic stem cells, and differentiated cellular progeny. The state of knowledge and availability of these cells from large animals vary among species. In most cases, significant effort is required for establishing and characterizing cell lines, comparing behavior to human analogs, and testing potential applications. Stem cell-based therapies present significant safety challenges, which cannot be addressed by traditional procedures and require the development of new protocols and test systems, for which the rigorous use of larger animal species more closely resembling human behavior will be required. In this article, we discuss the current status and challenges of and several major directions for the future development of large animal models to facilitate advances in stem cell-based regenerative medicine.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF DIAZEPINONE SKELETON USING PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED CARBONYLATION (1982)

Abstract Das nach bekannten Methoden hergestellte Amin (I) wird in die Derivate (IIa) und (IIb) übergeführt, die sich mit CO in Gegenwart des Palladium‐komplexes (III) zu den Benzdiazepindionen (IV) carbonylieren lassen.
Targeting the Interleukin-6/Jak/Stat Pathway in Human Malignancies (2012)

The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/Stat) pathway was discovered 20 years ago as a mediator of cytokine signaling. Since this time, more than 2,500 articles have been published demonstrating the importance of this pathway in virtually all malignancies. Although there are dozens of cytokines and cytokine receptors, four Jaks, and seven Stats, it seems that interleukin-6-mediated activation of Stat3 is a principal pathway implicated in promoting tumorigenesis. This transcription factor regulates the expression of numerous critical mediators of tumor formation and metastatic progression. This review will examine the relative importance and function of this pathway in nonmalignant conditions as well as malignancies (including tumor intrinsic and extrinsic), the influence of other Stats, the development of inhibitors to this pathway, and the potential role of inhibitors in controlling or eradicating cancers.
Progess in superhydrophobic surface development (2007)

Research into extreme water-repellent surfaces began many decades ago, although it was only relatively recently that the term superhydrophobicity appeared in literature. Here we review the work on the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces, with focus on the different techniques used and how they have developed over the years, with particular focus on the last two years. We discuss the origins of water-repellent surfaces, examining how size and shape of surface features are used to control surface characteristics, in particular how techniques have progressed to form multi-scaled roughness to mimic the lotus leaf effect. There are notable differences in the terminology used to describe the varying properties of water-repellent surfaces, so we suggest some key definitions.
Correlation of SD-OCT Features and Retinal Sensitivity in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2012)

Superimposition of morphological SD-OCT features and microperimetric retinal sensitivity allowed exact determination of the differential impact of retinal alteration on the corresponding sensitivity. Individual OCT-related indicators of neurosensory integrity were distinctly correlated with visual function. "Morphofunctional" findings could be relevant as prognostic factors and for (re)treatment decisions. (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ number, 2006-005684-26.).
Functional discrimination by human monocytes between their C3b receptors and their recognition units for particulate activators of the alternative complement pathway. (1980)

A trypsin-sensitive recognition unit for ingestion of particulate activators of the human alternative complement pathway is present on human monocytes and persists during 48 hr of culture in synthetic medium. Further, after inactivation by trypsin, the recognition unit for activators of the alternative pathway is fully regenerated in terms of function during the 48 hr of culture. In contrast, the C3b receptor on human monocytes is relatively trypsin resistant and is lost during 48 hr of culture, as assessed by its capacity to mediate C3b-dependent immune adherence or enhanced phagocytosis. The prior immune adherence of the monocytes to C3b-bearing particles does not alter the capacity of the monocytes to ingest a particulate activator, and the ingestion of particulate activators does not induce phagocytosis of the rosetted C3b-bearing particles. Thus, the functions linked to the recognition of C3b and of particulate activators of the alternative pathway are expressed independently by monocytes when the determinants reside on separate particles. When the determinants are expressed by the same particle, such as an activator bearing C3b, the monocytes exhibit a synergistic response through their distinct recognition units for C3b and particulate activators of the alternative pathway.
Spatial and Temporal Variation in Fungal Endophyte Communities Isolated from Cultivated Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) (2013)

Studies of fungi in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivated in the United States have largely focused on monitoring and controlling plant pathogens. Given increasing interest in asymptomatic fungal endophytes as potential biological control agents, surveys are needed to better characterize their diversity, distribution patterns and possible applications in integrated pest management. We sampled multiple varieties of cotton in Texas, USA and tested for temporal and spatial variation in fungal endophyte diversity and community composition, as well as for differences associated with organic and conventional farming practices. Fungal isolates were identified by morphological and DNA identification methods. We found members of the genera Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Phomopsis, previously isolated as endophytes from other plant species. Other recovered species such as Drechslerella dactyloides (formerly Arthrobotrys dactyloides) and Exserohilum rostratum have not, to our knowledge, been previously reported as endophytes in cotton. We also isolated many latent pathogens, but some species such as Alternaria tennuissima, Epicoccum nigrum, Acremonium alternatum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Chaetomium globosum and Paecilomyces sp., are known to be antagonists against plant pathogens, insects and nematode pests. We found no differences in endophyte species richness or diversity among different cotton varieties, but did detect differences over time and in different plant tissues. No consistent patterns of community similarity associated with variety, region, farming practice, time of the season or tissue type were observed regardless of the ecological community similarity measurements used. Results indicated that local fungal endophyte communities may be affected by both time of the year and plant tissue, but the specific community composition varies across sites. In addition to providing insights into fungal endophyte community structure, our survey provides candidates for further evaluation as potential management tools against a variety of pests and diseases when present as endophytes in cotton and other plants.
Scale and serial order information in melodic perception: independence or interindependence? (1990)

Listeners indicated the temporal order of 8 tones presented in 36 different sequences representing all combi nations o f four 8-note scales or alphabets (chromatic, major, minor, and augmented) and nine serial orders (of varying complexity).Accuracy, as measured by ordinal position errors and by contour errors, was poorest for the chromatic alphabet and for the most irregular sequential structures.Alphabetic effects were partially accounted for by familiarity and discriminability and serial order effects were partially accounted for by rule regularity.Effects of alphabet structure and sequential structure were, however, not independent: certain combinations o f alphabets and sequential orders led to error patterns that were not consistent with the main effects.The question remains whether such deviations reflect interdependent scale and order processes. SOMMAIRELes auditeurs indiquernt l'ordre temporel de 8 notes dans chaqu'un des 36 mlodies diffrentes qui reprsen trent toutes les combinaisons de quatre gammes (chromatique, majeur, mineur, et augmente) et neuf ordres temporels (de complxites divers).Le choix de la gamme et de l'ordre influa la prcision de la rponse des auditeurs, mesure par leurs erreurs d'interpretation de l'ordre des notes et du contour de la mlodie, avec le moins de prcision dans le cas de la gamme chromatique et l'ordre le plus irrgulier.On explique en partie l'influence de la gamme par sa familiarit et sa facilit de discrimination, et l'influence de l'ordre par sa rgu larit de structure.Cependant, les influences de la gamme et de l'ordre n'taient pas indpendantes: certaines combinaisons de gamme et d'ordre produisirent des erreurs qui n'taient pas d'accord avec les premiers ef fects.Il reste de dterminer si ces carts indiquaient une interdpendance entre la gamme et l'ordre.
Inhibition of liver microsomal cytochrome P450 activity and metabolism of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK by capsaicin and ellagic acid. (1994)

The tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3- pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), present in tobacco and tobacco smoke, is metabolically activated by microsomal enzymes. In this study, we examined the effect of capsaicin and ellagic acid on the in vitro metabolism of NNK by hamster and rat liver microsomes. Capsaicin is the principal component of Capsicum fruits used widely throughout the world as a food additive. Ellagic acid, with reported anticarcinogenic properties, is found in various soft fruits and nuts. Both capsaicin and ellagic acid inhibited the major pathways of NNK-reduction, N-pyridine oxidation and a-hydroxylation by hamster liver microsomes. Capsaicin inhibited NNK-reduction and a-hydroxylation and ellagic acid inhibited N-oxidation and a-hydroxylation by rat liver microsomes. The effects of capsaicin and ellagic acid on isozymes of cytochrome P450 were observed in the hydroxylation reactions of the metabolism of the steroid hormone testosterone. Results of these experiments indicated that both capsaicin and ellagic acid strongly inhibited the constitutive enzymes CYP 2A2, 3A1, 2C11, 2B1, 2B2 and 2C6. This study suggests that capsaicin and ellagic acid, as naturally occurring dietary constituents, possess antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties through the inhibition of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes.
Biomimetic Molecular Assemblies on Glass and Mesoporous Silica Microbeads for Biotechnology (2003)

This paper describes the use of glass and mesoporous silica microspheres (typically 1−50 μm) as supports for biomimetic lipid bilayer membrane architectures for use in biotechnological applications. We present methods and characterization of lipid bilayer membranes supported on commercially available glass beads and mesoporous silica beads formed by an aerosol process that takes advantage of self-assembly of surfactant template phases in sol−gel synthesis. Methods for controlling the concentration of fluorescent lipids, ligands, receptors, and transmembrane proteins in the bead-supported bilayer assemblies are discussed, along with methods for measuring the concentration of these species using flow cytometry. Diffusion of molecular species both within the lipid bilayer and within the mesoporous bead structure is probed using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy are used to examine dye uptake of the porous beads and the stability of the encapsulating lipid bilayer membranes to proton and fluorophore leakage. The studies presented herein form the basis for the use of several new types of biomimetic bead-supported bilayer architectures in a variety of biotechnological applications including microimmunoassays and fluorescence-based high-throughput screening of biochemical recognition and protein function.
A probabilistic layered framework for integrating multimedia content and context information (2002)

Automatic indexing of large collections of multimedia data is important for enabling retrieval functions. Current approaches mostly draw on a single or dual modality of video content analysis. Here we describe a framework for the integration of multimedia content and context information, which generalizes and systematizes current methods. Content information in the visual, audio, and text domains, is described at different levels of granularity and abstraction. Context describes the underlying structural information that can be used to constrain the possible number of interpretations. We introduce a probabilistic framework that combines (a) Bayesian networks that describe both content and context and (b) hierarchical priors that describe the integration of content and context. We present an application that uses this framework to segment and index TV programs. We discuss experimental results on segment classification on six and a half hours of broadcast video. In our experiments we used audio context information. Classification results for financial segments yield 83% and for celebrity segments 89%.
The Strange Case of Chimeraplasty (2002)

In 1996,
 Science
 published an article that described a radical new technology for correcting genetic defects, one that appeared to be a million-fold more potent than previous approaches were. The publication caught the media9s attention, launched research projects around the world, and spawned a gold rush as researchers and entrepreneurs moved to stake their claim to the extraordinary promise of the technology. But the technique has turned out to be inconsistent or impossible to replicate in most labs that have tried it.
Single-Nucleotide Mutations for Plant Functional Genomics (2003)

In the present genomics era, powerful reverse-genetic strategies are needed to elucidate gene and protein function in the context of a whole organism. However, most current techniques lack the generality and high-throughput potential of descriptive genomic approaches, such as those that rely on microarray hybridization. For example, in plant research, effective insertional mutagenesis and transgenic methods are limited to relatively few species or are inefficient. Fortunately, single-nucleotide changes can be induced in any plant by using traditional chemical mutagens, and progress has been made in efficiently detecting changes. Because base substitutions in proteins provide allelic series, and not just knockouts, this strategy can yield refined insights into protein function. Here, we review recent progress that has been made in genome-wide screening for point mutations and natural variation in plants. Its general applicability leads to the expectation that traditional mutagenesis followed by high-throughput detection will become increasingly important for plant functional genomics.
Dynamical properties of hybrid automata (2003)

Hybrid automata provide a language for modeling and analyzing digital and analogue computations in real-time systems. Hybrid automata are studied here from a dynamical systems perspective. Necessary and sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of solutions are derived and a class of hybrid automata whose solutions depend continuously on the initial state is characterized. The results on existence, uniqueness, and continuity serve as a starting point for stability analysis. Lyapunov's theorem on stability via linearization and LaSalle's invariance principle are generalized to hybrid automata.
Soluble Polymer-Supported Organic Synthesis (2000)

Soluble polymers have been used as supports for reagent/catalyst immobilization and synthesis. Two polymers are commonly used in this context, linear polystyrene and poly(ethylene glycol). The complementary solubility properties of these polymers allow access to a wide range of chemistries. Parallel and combinatorial libraries of small molecules have been prepared using these polymers, and reagents/catalysts that are easily recovered and recycled have been immobilized on them. To develop soluble polymers with novel properties, bifunctional polymerization initiators have been used in a parallel combinatorial methodology to prepare block copolymers that exhibit unique solubility profiles.
Evolving toward effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke. (1993)

Acute ischemic stroke is a common, devastating disorder without beneficial therapy. Recent advances concerning the pathophysiology of ischemic brain injury have led to the development of rational pharmacological interventions. Thrombolytic and cytoprotective therapies may be useful and are being evaluated in clinical trials. The design of adequate clinical trials to evaluate these promising therapies has also evolved based on experience. Potential therapy for acute ischemic stroke must be assessed in a large number of patients who are given the intervention within hours of onset using a neurological scoring scale and a disability scale. Several new magnetic resonance imaging technologies are emerging that should allow the clinician to rapidly and accurately identify ischemic brain lesions and to evaluate cerebral perfusion. The availability of potentially efficacious therapies for ischemic stroke evaluated in well-designed clinical trials with magnetic resonance imaging technology, which can also assess therapeutic effects in vivo, should lead to the emergence of therapy to improve the outcome of patients with ischemic stroke in the near future.
More than 80R2R3‐MYB regulatory genes in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana (1998)

Transcription factors belonging to the R2R3-MYB family contain the related helix-turn-helix repeats R2 and R3. The authors isolated partial cDNA and/or genomic clones of 78 R2R3-MYB genes from Arabidopsis thaliana and found accessions corresponding to 31 Arabidopsis genes of this class in databanks, seven of which were not represented in the authors' collection. Therefore, there are at least 85, and probably more than 100, R2R3-MYB genes present in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, representing the largest regulatory gene family currently known in plants. In contrast, no more than three R2R3-MYB genes have been reported in any organism from other phyla. DNA-binding studies showed that there are differences but also frequent overlaps in binding specificity among plant R2R3-MYB proteins, in line with the distinct but often related functions that are beginning to be recognized for these proteins. This large-sized gene family may contribute to the regulatory flexibility underlying the developmental and metabolic plasticity displayed by plants.
Pentafulvenes: versatile synthons in metallocene chemistry (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPentafulvenes: versatile synthons in metallocene chemistryPeter Bickert, Bernhard Hildebrandt, and Klaus HafnerCite this: Organometallics 1984, 3, 5, 653–657Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00083a001https://doi.org/10.1021/om00083a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views452Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts