gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long Chain Branched Isotactic Polypropylene (2002)

Long chain branched isotactic polypropylene (LCB-PP) was synthesized using metallocene catalyst (rac-dimethylsilylbis(2-methyl-4-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride activated by methylaluminoxane). The branching was in situ generated in a diluted polymerization condition using hexane or toluene as diluent. The polymers have a significant population of branched molecules as evidenced by multiangle laser light scattering analysis. More importantly, such a branching structure in isotactic polypropylene has been, for the first time, identified by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The 13C NMR resonance assignments of the branching structure are based on the model polymer characterization, stereo environment analysis, and chemical shift calculation. The unique stereo environment of the branching structure provides insight into the mechanism of LCB formation in such isotactic polypropylenes. The branching levels determined by 13C NMR are directionally consistent with that estimated from laser light scattering analysis.
Using Cylindrical Domains of Block Copolymers To Self-Assemble and Align Metallic Nanowires (2008)

Block copolymer thin films can be used as soft templates for a wide range of surfaces where large area patterns of nanoscale features are desired. The cylindrical domains of acid-sensitive, self-assembled monolayers of polystyrene-poly(2-vinylpyridine) block copolymers on silicon surfaces were utilized as structural elements for the production of parallel metal nanowires. Metal ion loading of the P2VP block with simple aqueous solutions of anionic metal complexes is accomplished via protonation of this basic block, rendering it cationic; electrostatic attraction leads to a high local concentration of metal complexes within the protonated P2VP domain. A subsequent brief plasma treatment simultaneously removes the polymer and produces metallic nanowires. The morphology of the patterns can modulated by controlling solution concentration, deposition time, and molecular weight of the block copolymers, as well as other factors. Horizontal metallic nanoarrays can be aligned on e-beam lithographically defined silicon substrates within different shapes, via graphoepitaxy. This method is highly versatile as the procedures to manipulate nanowire composition, dimension, spacing, and orientation are straightforward and based upon efficient aqueous inorganic chemistry.
Isolation and characterization of extremely minor gangliosides, GM1b and GD1 alpha, in adult bovine brains as developmentally regulated antigens. (1990)

In addition to ganglioside GM1b, an unusual and extremely minor ganglioside, GD1 alpha, was efficiently isolated from bovine brain by combination of Q-Sepharose and Iatrobeads column chromatographies. In the course of purification steps, the presence of the sialidase-labile ganglioside was proved by a highly sensitive TLC/enzyme-immunostaining method. The structure was characterized by gas-liquid chromatography, permethylation study, sialidase degradation, immunostaining with specific antibodies, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, and proton magnetic resonance spectrometry. The content of the ganglioside was very small (0.016%) in the total gangliosides. This finding suggests that a synthetic pathway of asialo GM1----GM1b----GD1 alpha may exist in mammalian brains. A monoclonal antibody NA-6 that was obtained by immunizing mice with purified GM1b reacted specifically with GM1b but showed no cross-reactivity with other structurally related gangliosides such as GM1a, GD1a, and so on. Using the method of TLC/immunostaining with NA-6, GM1b was found to be strongly expressed during embryonic days 14-17 in chick brains. Thus, it is assumed that extremely minor gangliosides like GM1b and GD1 alpha found in adult brains are characterized as embryonic molecules.
Free standing carbon nanotube composite bio‐electrodes (2006)

Carbon nanotubes present a new material for the construction of electrodes for electrochemical devices such as batteries, capacitors, and actuators. Such electrodes require high conductivity, strength, and surface area. The latter two requirements are often incompatible. Electrodes composed entirely of carbon nanotubes (bucky paper) have high surface areas but are typically weak, and have insufficient conductivity for practical macroscopic applications. Here we report a technique that uses naturally occurring biopolymers to produce electrodes (free standing films) that exhibit conductivities of 300 S/cm. These composites also have considerable mechanical strength (up to 145 MPa) and sufficient specific capacitance of 19-27 F/g to enable them to be used as freestanding electrodes. One potential application that deserves special attention is that of biocompatible electrodes, where the binder is a biopolymer already used in a range of implants. Preliminary studies reported here show that the new carbon nanotube biopolymer electrodes can foster prolific L929 cell growth.
Synthesis and [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Dimethyleneketene Acetals. Reaction with C60 and Facile Hydrolysis of the C-C Bond Connected to C60 (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Dimethyleneketene Acetals. Reaction with C60 and Facile Hydrolysis of the C-C Bond Connected to C60Shigeru Yamago, Atsuo Takeichi, and Eiichi NakamuraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3, 1123–1124Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00082a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00082a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
TLR9 Regulates TLR7- and MyD88-Dependent Autoantibody Production and Disease in a Murine Model of Lupus (2010)

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by the production of autoantibodies against nucleic acid-associated Ags. We previously found that Tlr7 was required for anti-Sm and Tlr9 for anti-chromatin autoantibodies. Yet, although Tlr7 deficiency ameliorated disease, Tlr9 deficiency exacerbated it. Despite the mechanistic and clinical implications of this finding, it has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we characterize MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice genetically deficient in Tlr7, Tlr9, both Tlr7 and Tlr9, or Myd88 to test whether Tlr7 and Tlr9 function independently or instead regulate each other. We find that disease that is regulated by Tlr9 (and hence is worse in its absence) depends on Tlr7 for its manifestation. In addition, although Tlr7 and Tlr9 act in parallel pathways on different subsets of autoantibodies, Tlr9 also suppresses the production of Tlr7-dependent RNA-associated autoantibodies, suggesting previously unrecognized cross-regulation of autoantibody production as well. By comparing disease in mice deficient for Tlr7 and/or Tlr9 to those lacking Myd88, we also identify aspects of disease that have Tlr- and Myd88-independent components. These results suggest new models for how Tlr9 regulates and Tlr7 enhances disease and provide insight into aspects of autoimmune disease that are, and are not, influenced by TLR signals.
Synthesis of Chiral 2,5-Bis(oxymethyl)-Functionalized Bis(phospholanes) and Their Application in Rh- and Ru-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenations (2001)

The synthesis of a series of chiral 2,5-bis(oxymethyl)-substituted bis(phospholanes) 13a−c and 15a,b (BASPHOS) is described, representing functionalized derivatives of the prominent DuPHOS or BPE ligands. D-Mannitol was used as the starting material for these ligands. New bisphospholanes were used as ligands in the enantioselective rhodium(I)-catalyzed hydrogenation of functionalized olefins like unsaturated α- and β-amino acid derivatives, itaconates, and an unsaturated phosphonate. A relevant ruthenium(II) catalyst was used for the reduction of prochiral β-oxo esters. The enantioselectivities, ranging from 8−99% ee, were strongly dependent on the type of the substituent on the oxymethyl group as well on the bridge connecting the phospholane units.
Integration and cataloging of engineering design information (2002)

An engineering design database system that consists of a query interface, a knowledge representation structure called the semantic association graph (SAG), and a design store is presented. SAG classifies existing design specifications by exploiting the common capabilities of a set of designs. The SAG generation algorithm computes the subsumption relations among design specifications (if they exist). The creation, evolution, and querying of the SAG structure are presented. The designer simply states the input requirements in the form of a simple declarative query which is mapped into the SAG structure. The system then suggests a set of designs that partially match the input requirements. The designer then takes these suggestions and retrieves the detailed design knowledge from the design store. The resulting scheme resembles KL-ONE, but has additional properties such as node sharing to model overlapping concepts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Lipoprotein Abnormalities in Prediabetic Subjects in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (2005)

We have shown a range of lipoprotein abnormalities in prediabetic individuals, including compositional changes in HDL and VLDL. These findings extend previous work indicating a proatherogenic state in healthy, nondiabetic subjects who subsequently develop diabetes.
Mispair specificity of methyl-directed DNA mismatch correction in vitro. (1988)

To evaluate the substrate specificity of methyl-directed mismatch repair in Escherichia coli extracts, we have constructed a set of DNA heteroduplexes, each of which contains one of the eight possible single base pair mismatches and a single hemimethylated d(GATC) site. Although all eight mismatches were located at the same position within heteroduplex molecules and were embedded within the same sequence environment, they were not corrected with equal efficiencies in vitro. G-T was corrected most efficiently, with A-C, C-T, A-A, T-T, and G-G being repaired at rates 40-80% of that of the G-T mispair. Correction of each of these six mispairs occurred in a methyl-directed manner in a reaction requiring mutH, mutL, and mutS gene products. C-C and A-G mismatches showed different behavior. C-C was an extremely poor substrate for correction while repair of A-G was anomalous. Although A-G was corrected to A-T by the mutHLS-dependent, methyl-directed pathway, repair of A-G to C-G occurred largely by a pathway that is independent of the methylation state of the heteroduplex and which does not require mutH, mutL, or mutS gene products. Similar results were obtained with a second A-G mismatch in a different sequence environment suggesting that a novel pathway may exist for processing A-G mispairs to C-G base pairs. As judged by DNase I footprint analysis, MutS protein is capable of recognizing each of the eight possible base-base mismatches. Use of this method to estimate the apparent affinity of MutS protein for each of the mispairs revealed a rough correlation between MutS affinity and efficiency of correction by the methyl-directed pathway. However, the A-C mismatch was an exception in this respect indicating that interactions other than mismatch recognition may contribute to the efficiency of repair.
Evaluation of physical stability of all in one parenteral admixtures for pediatric home care with high electrolytes concentrations. (2014)

It was possible to obtain stable admixtures despite of the high concentration of electrolytes.
Role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Gastric Cancer (2006)

Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a frequent cause of death in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. Because chemokines are now considered to play an important role in the metastasis of various malignancies, we hypothesized that they may be involved in the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis by gastric carcinoma. Human gastric carcinoma cell lines, which were all highly efficient in generating malignant ascites in nude mice upon i.p. inoculation, selectively expressed CXCR4 mRNA and protein. In particular, NUGC4 cells expressed CXCR4 mRNA at high levels and showed vigorous migratory responses to its ligand CXCL12. CXCL12 enhanced proliferation and rapid increases in phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase of NUGC4 cells. We also showed that AMD3100 (a specific CXCR4 antagonist) effectively reduced tumor growth and ascitic fluid formation in nude mice inoculated with NUGC4 cells. Additionally, we examined human clinical samples. Malignant ascitic fluids from patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis contained high concentrations of CXCL12 (4.67 ng/mL). Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis showed that 22 of 33 primary gastric tumors with peritoneal metastasis were positive for CXCR4 expression (67%), whereas only 4 of 16 with other distant metastasis were positive (25%). Notably, 22 of 26 CXCR4-expressing primary tumors developed peritoneal metastases (85%). CXCR4 positivity of primary gastric carcinomas significantly correlated with the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis (P < 0.001). Collectively, our results strongly suggest that the CXCR4/CXC12 axis plays an important role in the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric carcinoma. Thus, CXCR4 may be a potential therapeutic target for peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric carcinoma.
Dietary sources of calcium and the contribution of flour fortification to total calcium intakein the diets of Northumbrian adolescents (1996)

Increased Ca intake by adolescents is desirable. In order to achieve this, information on the current dietary sources of Ca by this age group is essential to enable change to build on existing habits. This paper addresses two issues: first, the dietary sources of Ca for adolescents are reported and, second, the importance of fortification of flour with Ca to present-day Ca intakes was determined. In 1990 the diets of 379 children aged 12 years were assessed using the 3 d dietary diary and interview method. Computerized food tables were used to calculate the contributions of different food groups to total Ca intake. The Ca content of each food was subdivided into naturally occurring Ca and Ca from fortification, and data were analysed to give the daily intake of each. The four most important sources of Ca were milk (25%), beverages (12%), puddings (10%) and bread (9%). Fortification of flour accounted for 13% of total Ca intake. When the contribution of fortification was removed, the proportion of subjects with intakes of Ca below the lower reference nutrient intake (Department of Health, 1991) increased more than fourfold, to 10% of girls and 12% of boys. Milk is contributing less to Ca intake than in the past and increased consumption should be encouraged. Ca fortification of flour remains an important source of Ca. Therefore, unless dietary habits are modified to ensure adequate Ca from other sources, increased consumption of unfortified products from outside the UK will lead to a further reduction in Ca intake.
Gene disruption of p27 Kip1 allows cell proliferation in the postnatal and adult organ of Corti (1999)

Hearing loss is most often the result of hair-cell degeneration due to genetic abnormalities or ototoxic and traumatic insults. In the postembryonic and adult mammalian auditory sensory epithelium, the organ of Corti, no hair-cell regeneration has ever been observed. However, nonmammalian hair-cell epithelia are capable of regenerating sensory hair cells as a consequence of nonsensory supporting-cell proliferation. The supporting cells of the organ of Corti are highly specialized, terminally differentiated cell types that apparently are incapable of proliferation. At the molecular level terminally differentiated cells have been shown to express high levels of cell-cycle inhibitors, in particular, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors [Parker, S. B., et al. (1995) Science 267, 1024-1027], which are thought to be responsible for preventing these cells from reentering the cell cycle. Here we report that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) is selectively expressed in the supporting-cell population of the organ of Corti. Effects of p27(Kip1)-gene disruption include ongoing cell proliferation in postnatal and adult mouse organ of Corti at time points well after mitosis normally has ceased during embryonic development. This suggests that release from p27(Kip1)-induced cell-cycle arrest is sufficient to allow supporting-cell proliferation to occur. This finding may provide an important pathway for inducing hair-cell regeneration in the mammalian hearing organ.
An immune response against the alloantigens of the 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma prevents the growth of lung metastases, but not of local allografts. (1982)

3LL tumor cells inoculated intra footpad grow locally both in syngeneic and in allogeneic recipients. Yet, spontaneous lung metastases appear only in syngeneic animals or in mice which share with the tumor strain of origin both the D-end of the H-2b haplotype and the genetic background. The lack of lung metastases in allogeneic recipients is not due to tissue restrictions for tumor growth, since intravenous injections of tumor cells resulted in local primary lung tumors. The growth rate of primary intra footpad tumors or pulmonary tumors in syngeneic mice is similar to that in congenic resistant recombinant mice. From a local intra footpad tumor in BALB/c mice, 3LL cells migrate out and reach the lungs but are arrested there, since grafts of lungs from such mice onto (BALB/c X C57BL/6)F1 resulted in tumor growth. Since spontaneous metastases developed in chimeric (C3HeB X C57BL/6)F1----C3HeB mice, it appeared that immunogenetic restrictions prevent the growth of spontaneous 3LL metastases in allogeneic recipients. Further support for the notion of allograft rejection of lung metastases derived from experiments demonstrating the generation of metastases in nu/nu ICR mice but not in nu/+ heterozygous ICR animals. It thus appeared that the local allograft of the 3LL tumor elicits a reaction which prevents the growth of its metastases. This was further supported in experiments in which intravenous inoculation of 3LL cells to allogeneic recipients from which the local tumor was removed did not produce lung tumors.
Full-mouth Tooth Extraction Lowers Systemic Inflammatory and Thrombotic Markers of Cardiovascular Risk (2006)

Prior studies of a link between periodontal and cardiovascular disease have been limited by being predominantly observational. We used a treatment intervention model to study the relationship between periodontitis and systemic inflammatory and thrombotic cardiovascular indicators of risk. We studied 67 adults with advanced periodontitis requiring full-mouth tooth extraction. Blood samples were obtained: (1) at initial presentation, immediately prior to treatment of presenting symptoms; (2) one to two weeks later, before all teeth were removed; and (3) 12 weeks after full-mouth tooth extraction. After full-mouth tooth extraction, there was a significant decrease in C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and fibrinogen, and white cell and platelet counts. This study shows that elimination of advanced periodontitis by full-mouth tooth extraction reduces systemic inflammatory and thrombotic markers of cardiovascular risk. Analysis of the data supports the hypothesis that treatment of periodontal disease may lower cardiovascular risk, and provides a rationale for further randomized studies.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia requires BCL2 to sequester prodeath BIM, explaining sensitivity to BCL2 antagonist ABT-737 (2007)

Antiapoptotic B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family proteins are expressed in many cancers, but the circumstances under which these proteins are necessary for tumor maintenance are poorly understood. We exploited a novel functional assay that uses BCL2 homology domain 3 (BH3) peptides to predict dependence on antiapoptotic proteins, a strategy we call BH3 profiling. BH3 profiling accurately predicts sensitivity to BCL2 antagonist ABT-737 in primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. BH3 profiling also accurately distinguishes myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL1) from BCL2 dependence in myeloma cell lines. We show that the special sensitivity of CLL cells to BCL2 antagonism arises from the requirement that BCL2 tonically sequester proapoptotic BIM in CLL. ABT-737 displaced BIM from BCL2's BH3-binding pocket, allowing BIM to activate BAX, induce mitochondrial permeabilization, and rapidly commit the CLL cell to death. Our experiments demonstrate that BCL2 expression alone does not dictate sensitivity to ABT-737. Instead, BCL2 complexed to BIM is the critical target for ABT-737 in CLL. An important implication is that in cancer, BCL2 may not effectively buffer chemotherapy death signals if it is already sequestering proapoptotic BH3-only proteins. Indeed, activator BH3-only occupation of BCL2 may prime cancer cells for death, offering a potential explanation for the marked chemosensitivity of certain cancers that express abundant BCL2, such as CLL and follicular lymphoma.
Affinity purification of an interferon-induced human guanylate-binding protein and its characterization. (1985)

Among the proteins that are synthesized only in interferon-treated human cells, a Mr = 67,000 protein has been previously identified by its binding to guanylate agaroses. After a 24-h treatment of human diploid fibroblasts with 200 units/ml of interferon-gamma, about 3 X 10(5) molecules of guanylate-binding protein (GBP) accumulate in each cell. We have developed a one-step purification procedures for GBP using guanylate affinity chromatography. To further elucidate the specific binding of this protein to guanylates, we have used a photoactive probe, 8-azidoguanosine [alpha 32P] triphosphate for the labeling of the GBP. Photolysis of the 8-azido-[alpha-32P]GTP in the presence of GBP results in the covalent attachment of the 32P-guanylate to the GBP. This photolabeling reaction can be inhibited only by guanylates but cannot be inhibited by other nucleotides, suggesting a specific association of GBP to guanylates. Using the purified GBP as an immunogen, we have successfully made rabbit antiserum for GBP. Both the GBP antigen and its guanylate-binding activity are detected only in the cytoplasm of interferon-treated human fibroblasts. The synthesis of the mRNA of GBP is also found in mice exposed to endogenous interferon and in interferon-treated human lymphocytes.