gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hearing only one side of normal and mobile phone conversations (2004)

Abstract Mobile (cell) phone conversations are commonly perceived as annoying when conducted in a public space. An experiment is described that demonstrates one factor contributing to this phenomenon: hearing only one side of a conversation makes it more noticeable and intrusive. Two actors repeatedly staged the same conversation under three conditions: cell phone; normal, co-present both audible, and co-present only one audible. After the staged conversation, which took place on a train, a third person obtained verbal ratings from members of the travelling public. As in a previous experiment published in this journal, the cell phone conversation was rated as more noticeable and intrusive than the normal co-present both audible conversation. Critically, a new experimental condition, co-present one-audible, in which both actors were present but only one side of the conversation was heard, produced ratings equivalent to the cell phone condition. This ‘need-to-listen’ effect is discussed with regard to implications for design and theories of language use. Acknowledgements Thanks to members of the York Usability group for help with drafts of this paper, to Peter Bailey for his help with sound level measurement and also to Virgin Trains for making the experiment possible.
Isolation of the Gene for the β Subunit of RNA Polymerase from Rifampicin-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Identification of New Mutations (1994)

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important infections worldwide, with an estimated incidence of 10 million active cases per year. Rifampicin is a key component of the first-line therapy used in the treatment of tuberculosis. In Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium leprae, rifampicin has been shown to inhibit the beta subunit of RNA polymerase. The gene (rpoB) encoding this enzyme has been described in both species. We report the isolation of the homologous functional rifampicin resistance gene from M. tuberculosis. A library was constructed with 15 to 25 kb BamHI-digested DNA fragments from a rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolate that was ligated into an E. coli-mycobacterial shuttle plasmid. Southern analysis of BamHI-digested DNA from 200 recombinant plasmids was performed and filters were hybridized to a 411 bp fragment of the beta subunit of RNA polymerase from M. tuberculosis. Only DNA from one plasmid (#86) hybridized, which suggested that the gene is found as a single copy per genome. This plasmid was able to transfer rifampicin resistance to sensitive M. smegmatis and thus codes for a functional genetic unit. Sequence analysis in the expected "hotspot" region in eight rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis strains (including one multidrug-resistant strain) revealed two novel mutations as well as others previously described.
Characterization of a new melanocyte-specific gene (QNR-71) expressed in v-myc-transformed quail neuroretina. (1996)

Quail neuroretina cells (QNR) infected with the v-myc-expressing retrovirus MC29 become pigmented after several passages in vitro. After differential screening of a cDNA library constructed from these cells, we have isolated a cDNA clone (QNR-71) which identifies an RNA expressed only in the pigmented layer of the retina and in the epidermis. This gene can also be induced in other cell types transformed by MC29, suggesting that QNR-71 may be regulated by the v-myc protein. Sequence analysis showed that the QNR-71 cDNA exhibits stretches of homologies with melanosomal proteins encoding genes. From bacterially expressed QNR-71 peptides we obtained rabbit antisera able to specifically recognize two proteins of 95 and 100 kDa in pigmented retinal cells, but not in the neuroretina. To study the regulation of QNR-71, we used promoter fragments linked to the CAT reporter gene, in transient co-expression assay. We observed an increase in CAT expression with a c-MYC and microphtalmia (mi) expression vectors. Both MYC and mi activate the QNR-71 promoter through direct binding to a CATGTG site present in the promoter fragment.
THE ACTION OF AMMONIA ON BENZIL (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTION OF AMMONIA ON BENZILDAVID DAVIDSON, MARVIN WEISS, and MURRAY JELLINGCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1937, 02, 4, 319–327Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01227a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01227a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1312Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Legal information retrieval a hybrid approach (1989)

SCALIR is a legal information retrieval system which uses a combination of symbolic and connectionist artificial intelligence techniques. Traditional systems used for automating legal research have many difficulties which make them “brittle”; SCALIR is an attempt to rectify many of these problems. SCALIR's hybrid nature is especially appropriate for the legal domain, which requires both logical and associative inferences. The system also benefits from a unique direct-manipulation style interface and the ability to improve its performance based on user feedback.
Pareto-Hypervolumes for the Reconfiguration of Satellite Constellations (2008)

A satellite constellation is designed to perform its mission with a nominal number of spacecraft. When a reduction in capacity is experienced, for whatever reason, the remaining constellation may be able to restore performance through reconfiguration. In this work we present a general framework that exploits recent efforts in parallel multiobjective evolutionary computation, to reconfigure satellite constellations that have suffered the loss of one or more of their vehicles. The framework is illustrated through several loss scenarios for the Global Positioning System constellation. Pareto-hypervolumes are constructed which are the set of solutions that approximate the optimum tradeoff between minimizing cost and risk while maximizing performance. The decision making processes using the high-dimensional data sets is illustrated. The results demonstrate a pragmatic approach to optimization wherein the insights gained from a multi-objective view of the design space tradeoffs allow for informed decision making. Nomenclature
Chemistry of quinazolines: Reinvestigation of the action of hydrazine on thioxo derivatives (1985)

Abstract The action of hydrazine on 2‐mercapto and 2‐alkylmercaptoquinazolin‐4‐ones is reinvestigated. The structure of the isolated products have been revised.
High incidence of breast and endometrial neoplasia resembling human Cowden syndrome in pten+/- mice. (2000)

PTEN is one of the most commonly mutated tumor suppressor genes in human cancer. PTEN mutations have been implicated in the development of a variety of human neoplasia, including high-grade glioblastoma, prostate, breast, endometrial, and thyroid carcinoma. Germ-line mutations of PTEN cause Cowden's syndrome (CS), a multiple hamartoma condition resulting in increased susceptibility for the development of cancer. When more than 6 months old, pten+/- mice develop a range of tumors, partially resembling the spectrum of neoplasia observed in CS patients. One-half (32 of 65) of pten+/- females developed breast tumors, whereas all (65 of 65) of the females had endometrial hyperplasia, and there was a high incidence (14 of 65) of endometrial cancer. Hamartoamous tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as prostate and adrenal neoplasia, were also frequently observed. Significantly, the spectrum of neoplasia observed in pten+/- mice partially overlaps with the types of tumors frequently detected in CS patients. The majority of tumors in pten+/- mice exhibit loss of heterozygosity at the pten locus, which indicates the importance for loss of PTEN function in tumor formation. Consistent with the role of PTEN in negative regulation of PKB/Akt phosphorylation and activity, pten loss of heterozygosity is accompanied by hyperphosphorylation of PKB/Akt in tumors. Taken together, our results establish pten+/- mice as an excellent animal model system for the investigation of PTEN-related hamartoma syndromes, as well as the role of PTEN in breast and endometrial carcinogenesis.
Transmural Versus Nontransmural In Situ Electrical Impedance Spectrum for Healthy, Ischemic, and Healed Myocardium (2004)

Electrical properties of myocardial tissue are anisotropic due to the complex structure of the myocardial fiber orientation and the distribution of gap junctions. For this reason, measured myocardial impedance may differ depending on the current distribution and direction with respect to myocardial fiber orientation and, consequently, according to the measurement method. The objective of this study is to compare the specific impedance spectra of the myocardium measured using two different methods. One method consisted of transmural measurements using an intracavitary catheter and the other method consisted of nontransmural measurements using a four-needle probe inserted into the epicardium. Using both methods, we provide the in situ specific impedance spectrum (magnitude and phase angle) of normal, ischemic, and infarcted pig myocardium tissue from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. Magnitude spectra showed no significant differences between the measurement techniques. However, the phase angle spectra showed significant differences for normal and ischemic tissues according to the measurement technique. The main difference is encountered after 60 min of acute ischeimia in the phase angle spectrum. Healed myocardial tissue showed a small and flat phase angle spectrum in both methods due tothe low content of cells in the transmural infarct scar. In conclusion, both transmural and nontransmural measurements of phase angle spectrum allow the differentiation among normal, ischemic, and infarcted tissue.
A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase IIb Trial of A3309, A Bile Acid Transporter Inhibitor, for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation (2011)

A3309 increased stool frequency and improved constipation-related symptoms in CIC; effects were maintained over 8 weeks of treatment.
p53 mutations in human bladder cancer: Genotypic versus phenotypic patterns (1994)

The objective of this study was to characterize the pattern of p53 mutations in bladder cancer. The sensitivity and specificity to detect these mutations using clinical material was assessed for the following assays: immunohistochemistry, restriction-fragment-length polymorphism, single-strand-conformation polymorphism, and sequencing. Discrepancies of reported results aimed at the identification of genetic alterations in the p53 gene may be due to differences in methodology, as well as to deficient morphological evaluation of the source of tissue utilized. In order to address these critical issues, we have implemented a novel experimental design that permits analysis by molecular genetics and immunopathology techniques in any given tissue specimen, allowing morphological correlation with genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the tissue analyzed. Forty-two patients affected with bladder tumors in whom paired normal and tumor tissues were available were used for the present study. Nuclear immunoreactivities were observed in 26 out of 42 bladder tumors analyzed. Abnormal shifts in mobility were noted in 14 of the 42 cases in distinct exons, with one tumor revealing 3 mutations. There was a strong association between p53 nuclear over-expression and 17p LOH, as well as p53 nuclear over-expression and detection of mutations by SSCP and sequencing. According to receiver-operating-curve statistical analysis, the accuracy of detecting p53 mutations by IHC was estimated to be 90.3%. It is our conclusion that, when properly used, this is a highly sensitive and specific method with simple application using clinical material.
Asymmetric transfer of the dynamic motion aftereffect between first- and second-order cues and among different second-order cues (2007)

Recent work on motion processing has suggested a distinction between first-order cues (such as luminance modulation [LM]) and second-order cues (such as local contrast modulation [CM]). We studied interactions between moving LM, CM, and orientation modulation (OM) first comparing their spatial- and temporal-frequency sensitivity. We then tested for the transfer of the dynamic motion aftereffect (dMAE) between the three cues, matched for visibility. Observers adapted to moving, 0.5-c/deg horizontal modulations for 2 min (with 10 s top-ups). Relatively strong dMAEs were found when the adaptation and test patterns were defined by the same cue (i.e., both LM, both CM, or both OM); these effects were tuned for spatial frequency in the case of LM and CM. There was a partial transfer of the dMAE from LM to CM and OM; this transferred effect seemed to lose its tuning. The aftereffect transferred well from CM to OM and retained its tuning. There was little or no transfer from CM to LM or from OM to CM or LM. This asymmetric transfer of the dMAE between first- and second-order cues and between the second-order cues suggests some degree of separation between the mechanisms that process them.
Silicon carbide power devices (2002)

The more and more demanding requirements of the power device users bring the silicon technology very close to its own physical limits. Silicon carbide (SiC) appears today as the only semiconductor having the capability for significantly improving the ratings of major power components (such as high voltage Schottky rectifiers), indeed for creating novel devices for new applications. The choice of SiC comes from superior physical properties, an existing substrate commercialization, and an experimental confirmation of several potentialities (at high voltage, temperature, or frequency) via demonstrative prototypes. However, such a young technology still suffers from a too poor quality of the available basic materials, and from the fabrication step immaturity, delaying the SiC power electronics emergence.
Conversion of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, into two nonanaphylactic T cell epitope-containing fragments: candidates for a novel form of specific immunotherapy. (1997)

A novel approach to reduce the anaphylactic activity of allergens is suggested. The strategy makes use of the presence of conformational immunoglobulin E (IgE) epitopes on one of the most common allergens. The three dimensional structure of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, was disrupted by expressing two parts of the Bet v 1 cDNA representing amino acids 1-74 and 75-160 in Escherichia coli. In contrast to the complete recombinant Bet v 1, the fragments showed almost no allergenicity and exhibited random coil conformation as analyzed by circular dichroism. Both nonanaphylactic fragments induced proliferation of human Bet v 1-specific T cell clones, indicating that they harbored all dominant T cell epitopes and therefore may be considered as a basis for the development of a safe and specific T cell immunotherapy.
A Critique and Improvement of an Evaluation Metric for Text Segmentation (2002)

The P k evaluation metric, initially proposed by Beeferman, Berger, and Lafferty (1997), is becoming the standard measure for assessing text segmentation algorithms. However, a theoretical analysis of the metric finds several problems: the metric penalizes false negatives more heavily than false positives, overpenalizes near misses, and is affected by variation in segment size distribution. We propose a simple modification to the P k metric that remedies these problems. This new metric—called Window Diff—moves a fixed-sized window across the text and penalizes the algorithm whenever the number of boundaries within the window does not match the true number of boundaries for that window of text.
Membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase promotes human prostate cancer invasion and metastasis (2005)

Development of metastases requires cancer cells to breach underlying basement membrane, migrate through interstitial stroma and gain access to blood or lymphatic vessels. Membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) has been linked with these processes. Expression of MT1-MMP in human prostate cancer correlates with the stage of this disseminated disease. The mechanism underlying this observation, however, still remains to be understood. To study the role of MT1-MMP in prostate cancer dissemination, endogenous and recombinant MT1-MMP expressed in human prostate cancer cell lines (DU-145 and LNCaP) were examined. Using FITC-labeled Matrigel, a soluble basement membrane extract coated coverslips, LNCaP cells stably expressing a chimera of MT1-MMP and Green Fluorescent Protein (MT1-GFP) degraded Matrigel and readily migrated over degraded substrates. The degradation of Matrigel by LNCaP cells expressing MT1-GFP was sensitive to MMP inhibitors, CT-1746 and TIMP-2, but not TIMP-1. Cell migration was dramatically enhanced by expression of MT1-MMP. By employing surgical orthotopic implantation of LNCaP cells stably expressing MT1-GFP into the prostate gland of immunodeficient mice, we demonstrated that MT1-MMP promotes lymph node and lung metastasis of prostate cancer cells. Together, these results emphasize the pivotal role of MT1-MMP in prostate cancer dissemination and confirm that MT1-MMP is a suitable target to prevent cancer metastasis.
Self-compensated a-Si:H detector with current-mode readout circuit for digital X-ray fluoroscopy (2005)

An innovative active pixel sensor (APS) suitable for real time X-ray imaging (fluoroscopy) using amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistors (TFTs) and a transimpedance column amplifier for pixel signal readout are presented. Simulation results show that this new APS circuit can successfully compensate for variations in a-Si TFT characteristics under prolonged gate voltage stress. The readout is fast enough to fulfil the timing requirements of real-time fluoroscopy
The Merrifield peptide synthesis studied by near-infrared Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Merrifield peptide synthesis studied by near-infrared Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopyB. Due Larsen, D. H. Christensen, A. Holm, R. Zillmer, and O. Faurskov NielsenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 14, 6247–6253Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00067a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00067a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Drug Resistance. (1996)

Chemotherapy fails to cure most cancer patients with advanced disease, particularly patients with the most common forms of solid tumors. The presence or development of resistance to anticancer agents is the major cause of this failure. Several of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance to cytotoxic drugs have been elucidated in the last two decades, largely by employing in vitro drug-selected cancer cell lines. In unselected cell lines and probably also in human cancer, multiple mechanisms are redundantly present to defend the organism from the insults of drugs. Mechanisms have been unraveled by which cross-resistance ensues to multiple drugs (multidrug resistance), similar to what is commonly seen in patients. More recently, the identification of downstream genes, intimately involved in cell-cycle checkpoints, appears also to directly contribute to determining the sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs by regulating the response of the cell to the drug damage. The identification of mechanisms of drug resistance has provided ways of attempting to revert the drug resistance. Although, so far, attempts to revert P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance have only sorted out limited efficacy, new drugs and new strategies are being devised and implemented, such as high-dose chemotherapy and gene transfer.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Er-Doped Luminescent TiO2 Nanoparticles (2003)

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a stable suspension of fluorescent erbium-doped titania nanoparticles and their assembly into thin films and photonic crystals. The nanoparticles were synthesized through a sol−gel process followed by peptization with tetramethylammonium hydroxide and hydrothermal treatment. As expected, following the hydrothermal treatment, X-ray diffraction shows the particles to be exclusively anatase. The nanoparticles form a stable suspension in water and were cast into 2- and 20-μm-thick films and formed into an inverse opal structure through templating with a colloidal crystal. As synthesized, only a faint fluorescence at 1532 nm was observed from the particles when pumped with 795-nm laser radiation; however, heat treatment at temperatures as low as 100 °C resulted in a significant increase in the fluorescence. The fluorescence was observed to increase further with annealing up to 500 °C, perhaps due to removal of hydroxyl groups and other surface species. Through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, we present evidence that the Er ions are doped into the TiO2 nanoparticles and that Er was not present as free Er2O3. This work demonstrates the potential of rare-earth doping of titania nanoparticles for photonic applications.
Modern analytical ultracentrifugation in protein science: Look forward, not back (2003)

The reasons for replacing the classical strictly two-component velocity and equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation Svedberg equations by multicomponent equations, applicable in the study of biological macromolecular systems, are given.