gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a photoalkylated psoralen receptor in HeLa cells. (1987)

Psoralens in combination with ultraviolet light are potent modulators of epidermal cell growth and differentiation. Responsive cell types contain specific, saturable, high-affinity binding sites for the psoralens. These binding sites become covalently modified by the psoralen molecule following ultraviolet light exposure. In the present studies the psoralen receptor, labeled with [3H]8-methoxypsoralen, was visualized in the cytoplasmic and plasma membrane fractions of HeLa cells following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The receptor had an apparent molecular mass of approximately 22,000 daltons and was shown to be sensitive to protease, but not nuclease treatment. The radiolabeled receptor could not be visualized in nuclear extracts of cells. Covalent binding of the radioligand to the receptor protein was inhibited by excess unlabeled 8-methoxypsoralen, indicating that covalent psoralen-receptor binding was saturable. In addition, the covalently modified receptor was found to persist in cells for over 5 h. The presence of a cellular protein that exhibits specific affinity for the psoralens and becomes photoalkylated by these compounds, together with previous data showing that the psoralens have direct effects on the cell surface membranes, supports our model that some of the biological effects of photoactivated psoralens are receptor-mediated.
Thermotropic polyesters, 8, comparison of two methods of synthesis of regular liquid‐crystalline multiblock copolymers (1992)

Abstract Two methods of synthesis of regular liquid‐crystalline (LC) multiblock copolyesters are compared. A new method for the synthesis of polyesters with increased length of mesogenic units is given. This method is based on the preparation of intermediate oxalate‐groups‐containing polymers which are hydrolyzed in the next stage. The difference consists in the structure of the initial complex monomer. The new complex monomer makes it possible to obtain LC polyesters with seven 1,4‐phenylene fragments in the mesogenic unit by a simpler route.
Mutator mutants of Escherichia coli carrying a defect in the DNA polymerase III τ subunit (2005)

To investigate the possible role of accessory subunits of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (HE) in determining chromosomal replication fidelity, we have investigated the role of the dnaX gene. This gene encodes both the tau and gamma subunits of HE, which play a central role in the organization and functioning of HE at the replication fork. We find that a classical, temperature-sensitive dnaX allele, dnaX36, displays a pronounced mutator effect, characterized by an unusual specificity: preferential enhancement of transversions and -1 frameshifts. The latter occur predominantly at non-run sequences. The dnaX36 defect does not affect the gamma subunit, but produces a tau subunit carrying a missense substitution (E601K) in its C-terminal domain (domain V) that is involved in interaction with the Pol III alpha subunit. A search for new mutators in the dnaX region of the chromosome yielded six additional dnaX mutators, all carrying a specific tau subunit defect. The new mutators displayed phenotypes similar to dnaX36: strong enhancement of transversions and frameshifts and only weak enhancement for transitions. The combined findings suggest that the tau subunit of HE plays an important role in determining the fidelity of the chromosomal replication, specifically in the avoidance of transversions and frameshift mutations.
Neuromodulation for fecal incontinence: An effective surgical intervention (2013)

Fecal incontinence is a disabling symptom with medical and social implications, including fear, embarrassment, isolation and even depression. Most patients live in seclusion and have to plan their life around the symptom, with secondary impairment of their quality of life. Conservative management and biofeedback therapy are reported to benefit a good percentage of those affected. However, surgery must be considered in the non-responder population. Recently, sacral nerve electrostimulation, lately named neuromodulation, has been reported to benefit patients with fecal incontinence in randomized controlled trials more than placebo stimulation and conservative management, by some unknown mechanism. Neuromodulation is a minimally invasive procedure with a low rate of adverse events and apparently favorable cost-efficacy profile. This review is intended to expand knowledge about this effective intervention among the non-surgically skilled community who deals with this disabled group of patients.
Cascade of Molecular Order by Sequential Self-Organization, Induced Orientation, and Order Transfer Processes (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCascade of Molecular Order by Sequential Self-Organization, Induced Orientation, and Order Transfer ProcessesIsaac K. Iverson and Suk-Wah Tam-ChangView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 24, 5801–5802Publication Date (Web):June 6, 1999Publication History Received2 November 1998Published online6 June 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja983803jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja983803jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1239Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Molecules,Optical properties,Order,Self organization,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Frontiers in Mycology. Edited by D. L. Hawksworth. Wallingford: C.A.B. International. 1991. Pp. 260, 63 figures, 29 tables. ISBN 0 85198 698 6. Price £40. (1992)

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A Theory for Sampling Signals From a Union of Subspaces (2008)

One of the fundamental assumptions in traditional sampling theorems is that the signals to be sampled come from a single vector space (e.g., bandlimited functions). However, in many cases of practical interest the sampled signals actually live in a union of subspaces. Examples include piecewise polynomials, sparse representations, nonuniform splines, signals with unknown spectral support, overlapping echoes with unknown delay and amplitude, and so on. For these signals, traditional sampling schemes based on the single subspace assumption can be either inapplicable or highly inefficient. In this paper, we study a general sampling framework where sampled signals come from a known union of subspaces and the sampling operator is linear. Geometrically, the sampling operator can be viewed as projecting sampled signals into a lower dimensional space, while still preserving all the information. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for invertible and stable sampling operators in this framework and show that these conditions are applicable in many cases. Furthermore, we find the minimum sampling requirements for several classes of signals, which indicates the power of the framework. The results in this paper can serve as a guideline for designing new algorithms for various applications in signal processing and inverse problems.
Shipping Study II. Biological Invasions by Nonindigenous Species in United States Waters: Quantifying the Role of Ballast Water and Sediments, Parts I and II. (1996)

Abstract : This study examines the roles of ballast water and ballast sediments from foreign ports as methods for the transport and release of nonindigenous species in the United States coastal and aquatic ecosystems. It specifically assesses the types of vessels arriving to ports in Chesapeake Bay and the amount of ballast water discharged. It compares the physical and chemical characterization of arriving ballast water and site discharge, as well as the biodiversity of the ballast water and sediments arriving in Chesapeake Bay aboard vessels from world ports. The Chesapeake Bay was chosen as the site to be investigated since prior studies indicated that it was receiving more ballast waters from foreign ports than any other harbor region on the Atlantic coast of the United States.
Lens refilling to restore accommodation (2009)

The ultimate goal of cataract surgery, besides the restoration of distance visual acuity, is the restoration of accommodation. Lens refilling with an injectable polymer has the potential of restoring accommodation following cataract surgery. Two main difficulties have hampered the success of lens refilling strategies in the past. First was leakage of the injectable material from the capsular bag and second was after-cataract formation resulting in loss of elasticity and opacification of the lens-bag complex. Recently, simplified and highly reproducible lens refilling procedures have been introduced with a potential for clinical application to restore accommodation. We present a summary of the existing methods of lens refilling for restoration of accommodation and some obstacles to clinical application that remain.
Tumor-Associated Glycans and Immune Surveillance (2013)

Changes in cell surface glycosylation are a hallmark of the transition from normal to inflamed and neoplastic tissue. Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) challenge our understanding of immune tolerance, while functioning as immune targets that bridge innate immune surveillance and adaptive antitumor immunity in clinical applications. T-cells, being a part of the adaptive immune response, are the most popular component of the immune system considered for targeting tumor cells. However, for TACAs, T-cells take a back seat to antibodies and natural killer cells as first-line innate defense mechanisms. Here, we briefly highlight the rationale associated with the relative importance of the immune surveillance machinery that might be applicable for developing therapeutics.
Investigation of inclined dual-fiber optical tweezers for 3D manipulation and force sensing (2009)

Optical tweezers provide a versatile tool in biological and physical researches. Optical tweezers based on optical fibers are more flexible and ready to be integrated when compared with those based on microscope objectives. In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) trapping ability of an inclined dual-fiber optical tweezers is demonstrated. The trapping efficiency with respect to displacement is experimentally calibrated along two dimensions. The system is studied numerically using a modified ray-optics model. The spring constants obtained in the experiment are predicted by simulations. It is found both experimentally and numerically that there is a critical value for the fiber inclination angle to retain the 3D trapping ability. The inclined dual-fiber optical tweezers are demonstrated to be more robust to z-axis misalignment than the counter-propagating fiber optical tweezers, which is a special case of th former when the fiber inclination angle is 90 masculine. This inclined dual-fiber optical tweezers can serve as both a manipulator and a force sensor in integrated systems, such as microfluidic systems and lab-on-a-chip systems.
Secretion of human epidermal growth factor (EGF) in autotrophic culture by a recombinant hydrogen-utilizing bacterium, Pseudomonas pseudoflava, carrying broad-host-range EGF secretion vector pKSEGF2 (1994)

We constructed the broad-host-range human epidermal growth factor (EGF) secretion plasmid pKSEGF2 by inserting the Escherichia coli tac promoter, the signal sequence of Pseudomonas stutzeri amylase, and the synthesized EGF gene into the broad-host-range vector pKT230. E. coli JM109 carrying pKSEGF2 secreted EGF into the periplasm and the culture medium under the control of the tac promoter. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1161 carrying pKSEGF2 and Pseudomonas putida AC10 carrying pKSEGF2 secreted EGF into the culture medium constitutively. Four hydrogen-utilizing bacteria, Pseudomonas pseudoflava, Alcaligenes eutrophus, Alcaligenes paradoxus, and Paracoccus denitrificans, were transconjugated with pKSEGF2 from eight hydrogen-utilizing bacteria tested. In these transconjugated hydrogen-utilizing bacteria, P. pseudoflava carrying pKSEGF2 grew autotrophically and secreted EGF, confirmed by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis, into the culture medium constitutively.
Diclofenac and Its Derivatives As Tools for Studying Human Cytochromes P450 Active Sites: Particular Efficiency and Regioselectivity of P450 2Cs (1999)

A comparison of the oxidations of diclofenac with microsomes of yeasts expressing various human liver cytochromes P450 showed that P450 2C9 regioselectively led to 4'-hydroxy diclofenac (4'-OHD) whereas P450 3A4 only led to 5-hydroxy diclofenac (5-OHD). P450 2C19, 2C18, and 2C8 led to the simultaneous formation of 4'-OHD and 5-OHD (respective molar ratios of 1.3, 0.37, and 0.17), and P450 1A1, 1A2, 2D6, and 2E1 failed to give any detectable hydroxylated metabolite under identical conditions. P450 2C9 was found to be much more efficient for diclofenac hydroxylation than all the other P450s tested (k(cat)/K(M) of 1.6 min(-1) microM(-1) instead of 0.025 for the second more active P450), mainly because of markedly lower K(M) values (15 +/- 8 instead of values between 170 and 630 microM). Oxidation of diclofenac with chemical model systems of cytochrome P450 based on iron porphyrin catalysts exclusively led to the quinone imine derived from two-electron oxidation of 5-OHD, in an almost quantitative yield. Two derivatives of diclofenac lacking its COO(-) function were then synthesized; their oxidation by recombinant human P450 2Cs always led to a major product coming from their 5-hydroxylation. Substrate 2, which derives from reduction of the COO(-) function of diclofenac to the CH(2)OH function, was studied in more detail. All the P450s tested (1A1, 1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C18, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4) almost exclusively led to its 5-hydroxylation. P450s of the 2C subfamily were found to be the most efficient catalysts for this reaction, with k(cat)/K(M) values between 0.2 and 1.6 min(-1) microM(-1). Oxidation of 2 with an iron porphyrin-based chemical model of cytochrome P450 also led to a product derived from the oxidation of 2 at position 5. These results show that oxidation of diclofenac and its derivative 2, either with chemical model systems of cytochrome P450 or with recombinant human P450s, generally occurs at position 5. This position, para to the NH group on the more electron-rich aromatic ring of diclofenac derivatives, is thus, as expected, the privileged site of reaction of electrophilic, oxidant species. The most spectacular exception to this chemoselective 5-oxidation of diclofenac derivatives was found for oxidation of diclofenac itself with P450 2C9 (and P450 2C19 and 2C18 to a lesser extent), which only led to 4'-OHD. A likely explanation for this result is a strict positioning of diclofenac in the P450 2C9 active site, via its COO(-) function, to completely orientate its hydroxylation toward position 4', which is not chemically preferred. P450 2C19, 2C18, and 2C8 would not lead to such a strict positioning as they give mixtures of 4'-OHD and 5-OHD. The above results show that diclofenac derivatives are interesting tools to compare the active site topologies of human P450 2Cs.
Herpes Simplex-1 Virus Thymidine Kinase Gene Is Unable to Completely Eliminate Live, Nonimmunogenic Tumor Cell Vaccines (1992)

Recent experiments with genetically engineered tumors have generated renewed interest in active cellular immunotherapy as a cancer treatment modality. In order to consider the use of live tumor cells for immunotherapy in human cancer patients, it will be important to ensure that these cells do not themselves produce morbidity in the event the immune system fails to eliminate them. Toward this end, we have examined a strategy for eliminating genetically manipulated nonimmunogenic tumors in vivo. When B16F10 melanoma cells were transfected with the Herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene, cells were rendered susceptible to killing by the nucleoside analogs acyclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV). B16-HSV-TK+ tumors established in C57BL6 mice were successfully "suicided" in vivo when GCV was administered by continuous infusion. However, late recurrences were observed even after 1 month of continuous GCV treatment. In vivo growth kinetics suggested that the recurrences resulted from a tiny number (< 20) of cells that had survived the GCV treatment. Interestingly, recurrent tumors were as sensitive to GCV as the parental B16-HSV-TK+ line. While these results demonstrate potential feasibility of the suicide gene strategy for active immunotherapy with live tumor cells, they also illustrate that approaches dependent on the intracellular generation of cell cycle-dependent toxins may fail to eliminate small numbers of cells that temporarily exit cell cycle or that are pharmacologically sequestered.
Hierarchical Incremental Adaptation for Statistical Machine Translation (2015)

We present an incremental adaptation approach for statistical machine translation that maintains a flexible hierarchical domain structure within a single consistent model. Both weights and rules are updated incrementally on a stream of post-edits. Our multi-level domain hierarchy allows the system to adapt simultaneously towards local context at different levels of granularity, including genres and individual documents. Our experiments show consistent improvements in translation quality from all components of our approach.
The Number of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-Specific Memory CD8 T Cells in the Lung Is Critical for Their Ability to Inhibit RSV Vaccine-Enhanced Pulmonary Eosinophilia (2008)

Children that were administered a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (FI-RSV) vaccine experienced enhanced respiratory disease, including pulmonary eosinophilia, after contracting a natural RSV infection. RSV vaccine-enhanced disease can be mimicked in BALB/c mice immunized with either FI-RSV or with a recombinant vaccinia virus (vacv) expressing the RSV attachment (G) protein. We have recently demonstrated that memory CD8 T cells directed against the RSV immunodominant M2(82-90) epitope inhibit the development of pulmonary eosinophilia in either vacvG- or FI-RSV-immunized mice by reducing the total number of Th2 cells in the lung after RSV challenge. In this study, we show that memory CD8 T cells specific to a subdominant epitope within the RSV fusion (F) protein fail to inhibit the development of pulmonary eosinophilia after RSV challenge of mice previously co-immunized with vacvF and with either vacvG or FI-RSV. We observed that the inability of RSV F(85)-specific memory CD8 T cells to inhibit the development of pulmonary eosinophilia was largely due to an inadequate total number of F(85)-specific memory CD8 T cells in the lung at early times after RSV challenge. Increasing the number of F(85)-specific memory CD8 T cells after immunization grants these cells the ability to inhibit RSV vaccine-enhanced pulmonary eosinophilia. Moreover, we demonstrate that RSV-specific memory CD8 T cells, when present in sufficient numbers, inhibit the production of the Th2-associated chemokines CCL17 and CCL22. Taken together, these results indicate that RSV-specific memory CD8 T cells may alter the trafficking of Th2 cells and eosinophils into the lung.
A method of nerve electrical stimulation by magnetic induction (2009)

The implantable electrical stimulator is usually not suitable for long term use because of its large size and short battery life, besides the magnetic stimulation can not provide deep nerve stimulation. Therefore, this paper developed a method of the electrical stimulation by using the magnetic induction. We implanted a small inductive coil which was connected with nerve electrodes. When the stimulation was applied, a coaxial coil containing a pulsed current was placed outside. So the electrical field evoking the nerve was formed because of the generation of inductive electromotive force in the inductive coil. Finite element analysis was used to analyze the electric field in the nerve and fiber model was used to predict the generation of action potential. This innovative method was applied on the sciatic nerves of rats. EMG was successfully recorded after the electrical stimulation by the magnetic induction. The results demonstrated that this new method was effective to stimulate the deep nerve.
GC and GC/MS Analysis of Essential Oil Composition of the Endemic Soqotraen Leucas virgata Balf.f. and Its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities (2013)

Leucas virgata Balf.f. (Lamiaceae) was collected from the Island Soqotra (Yemen) and its essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the oil was investigated by GC and GC-MS. Moreover, the essential oil was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria, two Gram-negative bacteria, and one yeast species by using broth micro-dilution assay for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and antioxidant activity by measuring the scavenging activity of the DPPH radical. The investigation led to the identification of 43 constituents, representing 93.9% of the total oil. The essential oil of L. virgata was characterized by a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes (50.8%). Camphor (20.5%) exo-fenchol (3.4%), fenchon (5.4%), and borneol (3.1%) were identified as the main components. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes were found as the second major group of compounds (21.0%). β-Eudesmol (6.1%) and caryophyllene oxide (5.1%) were the major compounds among oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The results of the antimicrobial assay showed that the oil exhibited a great antibacterial activity against the tested S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. coli. No activity was found against P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. Moreover, the DPPH-radical scavenging assay exhibited only a moderate antioxidant activity (31%) for the oil at the highest concentration tested (1 mg/mL).
Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Surfaces:  Multiscale Approach (2007)

Micro- and macrodroplet evaporation and condensation upon micropatterned superhydrophobic surfaces built of flattop pillars are investigated with the use of an environmental scanning electron microscope. It is shown that the contact angle hysteresis depends upon both kinetic effects at the triple line and adhesion hysteresis (inherently present even at a smooth surface) and that the magnitude of the two contributions is comparable. The transition between the composite (Cassie) and wetted (Wenzel) states is a linear effect with the microdroplet radius proportional to the pitch over pillar diameter. It is shown that wetting of a superhydrophobic surface is a multiscale phenomenon that involves three scale lengths. Although the contact angle is the macroscale parameter, the contact angle hysteresis and the Cassie--Wenzel transition cannot be determined from the macroscale equations and are governed by micro- and nanoscale effects.