gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of potential anticancer agents. 38. N-nitrosoureas. 4. Further synthesis and evaluation of haloethyl derivatives (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of potential anticancer agents. 38. N-nitrosoureas. 4. Further synthesis and evaluation of haloethyl derivativesThomas P. Johnston, George S. McCaler, Pamela S. Opliger, W. Russell Laster, and John A. MontgomeryCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 7, 600–614Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00289a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00289a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views629Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure of the Precursor to an Enzyme Mediating COOH-Terminal Amidation in Peptide Biosynthesis (1987)

Many bioactive peptides terminate with an amino acid alpha-amide at their COOH terminus. The enzyme responsible for this essential posttranslational modification is known as peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase or PAM. We identified cDNAs encoding the enzyme by using antibodies to screen a bovine intermediate pituitary lambda gt11 expression library. Antibodies to a beta-galactosidase/PAM fusion protein removed PAM activity from bovine pituitary homogenates. The 108,207 dalton protein predicted by the complete cDNA is approximately twice the size of purified PAM. An NH2-terminal signal sequence and short propeptide precede the NH2 terminus of purified PAM. The sequences of several PAM cyanogen bromide peptides were localized in the NH2-terminal half of the predicted protein. The cDNA encodes an additional 430 amino acid intragranular domain followed by a putative membrane spanning domain and a hydrophilic cytoplasmic domain. The forms of PAM purified from bovine neurointermediate pituitary may be generated by endoproteolytic cleavage at a subset of the 10 pairs of basic amino acids in the precursor. High levels of PAM mRNA were found in bovine pituitary and cerebral cortex. In corticotropic tumor cells, levels of PAM mRNA and pro-ACTH/endorphin mRNA were regulated in parallel by glucocorticoids and CRF.
Anin vivomodel of chronic optic nerve ischemia: The dose-dependent effects of endothelin-l on the optic nerve microvasculature (1995)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects induced by chronic microapplication of endothelin-1 on the anterior optic nerve microvasculature and to determine the dose-response characteristics of endothelin-1 on this vascular bed. Daily dosages between 4.69 x 10(-4) and 9.0 x 10(-1) micrograms/day of endothelin-1 were delivered continually over 3 days, and at a constant flow rate, to the perineural region of the anterior optic nerve of 15 albino rabbits via osmotically-driven minipumps. The vasomotor effect of local endothelin-1 on the microvasculature of the optic nerve was examined using intraluminal microvascular corrosion casting technique. The vasomotor effects were quantified by measuring the relative amount of vasoconstriction of the arterioles supplying the anterior optic nerve (primary and secondary branches of the short posterior ciliary arteries). The average constriction was calculated for the endothelin-treated eyes and the untreated, contralateral eyes. The mean vasoconstriction in the endothelin treated eyes ranged from 14.7% to 30.0% and was highly correlated with the logarithmic value of the daily dose of endothelin-1 (R2 = 0.59, p = 0.00083). The interocular difference (between treated and untreated eyes) of the optic nerve vasoconstriction ranged from 0-19% (mean +/- SD: 7.23 +/- 5.7%). This interocular difference also correlated highly with the log of the daily endothelin-1 dosage (R2 = 0.80; p < 0.0001). By additionally accounting for the weight and sex in a multiple linear regression function, the correlation was markedly improved (R2 = 0.92; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the microvasculature supplying the anterior optic nerve of the rabbit demonstrates a dose-dependent vasoconstriction with chronic local application of endothelin-1. This in vivo, experimental model offers a titratable method with which the effects of chronic vasoconstriction and vascular insufficiency on the optic nerve can be examined.
Site-directed labeling of a monoclonal antibody: targeting to a disulfide bond (1986)

We have designed and synthesized crabescein, the first member of a class of fluorescent labels that add across disulfide bonds. Crabescein is a fluorescein derivative that reports the rotational correlation time of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) segment to which it is covalently bound. Chemical analysis of the IgG labeled with crabescein indicates that the fluorophore is inserted into the third disulfide bond (cysteine-229 of mouse IgG2a) in the hinge region. The rotational correlation time of this labeled macromolecule was measured as a single exponential with a decay constant of 26.8 ns. This is in contrast to the double exponential with decay constants of 14.3 and 0.2 ns for the same IgG when labeled with fluorescein via a conventional labeling reagent in which the probe is bound to the macromolecule by one-point attachments. Thus, crabescein is the prototype of a class of fluorescent and phosphorescent probes that, by virtue of their two-point attachments to proteins, faithfully report on the dynamics of the segment of macromolecule to which they are covalently bound.
Electrochemical oxidation of aromatic ethers. Part 5. Further studies of the coupling reactions of alkoxylated aralkyl- and aryl-amides (1979)

An electrochemical conversion of 5,6-dimethoxy-1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)indoline into 6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)indole is described and some examples of the electro-oxidative intra- and inter-molecular coupling reactions of indoles, oxindoles and aralkyl- and aryl-amides are examined. Mechanisms are advanced to account for the products of electrolysis and the probable cause of electrode filming. The latter phenomenon often encountered in such oxidations is discussed and the structural element responsible (a benzylic methylene group adjacent to a nitrogen or oxygen atom) is identified. For certain substrates an alternative mechanisms of aryl–aryl coupling, not involving two radical cations, is proposed.
Intracellular transport of human lysosomal α-mannosidase and α-mannosidosis-related mutants (2004)

Human LAMAN (lysosomal a-mannosidase) was synthesized as a 120 kDa precursor in transfected COS cells [African-green-monkey kidney cells], which was partly secreted as a single-chain form and partly sorted to the lysosomes being subsequently cleaved into three peptides of 70, 40 and 15 kDa respectively. Both the secreted and the lysosomal forms contained endo H (endoglucosidase H)-resistant glycans, suggesting a common pathway through the trans-Golgi network. A fraction of LAMAN was retained intracellularly as a single-chain endo H-sensitive form, probably in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). The inherited lack of LAMAN causes the autosomal recessive storage disease a-mannosidosis. To understand the biochemical consequences of the disease-causing mutations, 11 missense mutations and two in-frame deletions were introduced into human LAMAN cDNA by in vitro mutagenesis and the resulting proteins were expressed in COS cells. Some selected mutants were also expressed in Chinese-hamster ovary cells. T355P (Thr355Pro), P356R, W714R, R750W and L809P LAMANs as well as both deletion mutants were misfolded and arrested in the ER as inactive single-chain forms. Six of the mutants were transported to the lysosomes, either with less than 5% of normal specific activity (H72L, D196E/N and R220H LAMANs) or with more than 30% of normal specific activity (E402K LAMAN). F320L LAMAN resulted in much lower activity in Chinese-hamster ovary cells when compared with COS cells. Modelling into the three-dimensional structure revealed that the mutants with highly reduced specific activities contained substitutions of amino acids involved in the catalysis, either co-ordinating Zn2+ (His72 and Asp196), stabilizing the active-site nucleophile (Arg220) or positioning the active-site residue Asp319 (Phe320).
Isolation and primary structure of the three major forms of granulin-like peptides from hematopoietic tissues of a teleost fish (Cyprinus carpio) (1993)

Granulins are cysteine-rich polypeptides purified from human and rat hematopoietic cells and structurally related to the epithelin family of growth modulatory factors. A prototypic form of granulin was isolated from the hematopoietic organs of teleost fish (Belcourt, D., and Bennett, H.P.J. (1988) J. Cell Biol. 107, 629 (abstr.)). This study reports the structure of three granulins purified from the spleen and head kidney of the carp (Cyprinus carpio). Ion-spray mass spectrometric analysis of granulin-1, -2, and -3 corroborated the observed primary structures and demonstrated that each 57-residue-peptide was monomeric in nature with all cysteines linked via intramolecular disulfide bridges. A comparison of the carp granulin sequences demonstrates that granulins 2 and 3 are most closely related with sequence variations occurring primarily toward the amino terminus. A rabbit polyclonal antibody was raised against carp granulin-1 to develop a radioimmunoassay for this peptide, which showed no significant cross-reactivity with granulin-2 and -3. The distribution of carp granulin-1 was studied by screening purified tissue extracts for immunoreactivity using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. A single form of immunoreactive granulin-1 was identified in all carp tissues studied including spleen, head kidney, heart, skin, gills, and gut. These studies have established that members of the granulin/epithelin family are found in a lower vertebrate and may serve important growth modulatory functions throughout the vertebrate kingdom.
Multispectral analysis of the brain using magnetic resonance imaging (1994)

The authors demonstrate an improved differentiation of the most common tissue types in the human brain and surrounding structures by quantitative validation using multispectral analysis of magnetic resonance images. This is made possible by a combination of a special training technique and an increase in the number of magnetic resonance channel images with different pulse acquisition parameters. The authors give a description of the tissue-specific multivariate statistical distributions of the pixel intensity values and discuss how their properties may be explored to improve the statistical modeling further. A statistical method to estimate the tissue-specific longitudinal and transverse relaxation times is also given. It is concluded that multispectral analysis of magnetic resonance images is a valuable tool to recognize the most common normal tissue types in the brain and surrounding structures.
Heritability and Genetic Variance Estimates for Fruit Weight in Watermelon (2007)

Fruit weight in the cultivated watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &amp; Nakai var. lanatus ] ranges from 1 kg to over 100 kg. In recent years, preference of consumers has shifted toward fruit of smaller sizes than the large sizes traditionally used for parties and picnics. This has produced increased interest in the genetics of fruit weight, especially among watermelon breeders. The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance of fruit weight. Six adapted cultivars having very large or very small fruit weight were crossed in a half diallel. Field trials were conducted at two locations in North Carolina (Clinton and Kinston). Large-fruited parents had higher phenotypic variance than small-fruited parents. Environmental variance was higher than genetic variance (mean, 7.58 and 3.82, respectively) at Kinston, NC. At Clinton, NC, genetic and environmental variances were similar (mean, 9.45 and 8.99, respectively) for 67% of the families. Narrow- and broad-sense heritability estimates were low to intermediate (mean, 0.59 and 0.41, respectively). A high number of effective factors (mean, 5.4) was found to influence fruit weight in watermelon. Watermelon breeders should use quantitative methods such as recurrent selection for population improvement to change fruit weight in the development of new cultivars.
An easier interface (1991)

Enumerating the steps involved in surgical infection prevention using a process mapping technique helped identify opportunities for improving adherence and plotting contextually relevant solutions, resulting in superior compliance with antiseptic standards. Simplifying these process maps into an adaptable tool could be a powerful strategy for improving safe surgery delivery in LMICs.
Vaccine Therapy In Recurrent Herpes Simplex (1964)

Prevention of recurrent herpes simplex, despite numerous recommended procedures, has remained a problem. In one of our previous studies, inoculation with a nonspecific vaccine gave results no better than those with the same vaccine which had been heatinactivated. It appeared possible that a specific vaccine might produce greater benefit. A double-blind study has recently been conducted in which one group of patients with recurrent herpes simplex received a series of injections of a specific herpes virus vaccine while the control group was given a placebo solution. No significant difference between the results in the two groups was obtained. It is concluded that the benefit observed is attributable to psychotherapeutic effects.
Glyco-biosensors: Recent advances and applications for the detection of free and bound carbohydrates (2010)

The field of biosensor development now encompasses several areas specifically geared toward the rapid and sensitive detection, identification, and quantification of target analytes. In contrast to the more mature research and development of nucleic acid and protein biosensors, the development of 'glyco-biosensors' for detecting carbohydrates and conjugates of carbohydrates (glycoconjugates) is at a relatively nascent stage. The application of glyco-biosensors aims to open novel analytical and diagnostic avenues, encompassing industrial bioprocesses, biomedical and clinical applications. This area of research has been greatly aided by advancement brought by interdisciplinary mergers of engineering, biology, chemistry and physical sciences and enabling the miniaturization of detection platforms. In this review, we briefly introduce the need for glyco-biosensors, discuss current analytical technologies, and examine advances in glyco-biosensor approaches aimed at the detection and/or quantification of glycoconjugates or carbohydrates derived from glycoconjugates since 2005.
Measurements of light scattering by a characterized random rough surface (1991)

Abstract Measurements are presented of the angular distribution of four wavelengths of light scattered by a one-dimensional random rough surface, whose probability density function is Gaussian with a standard deviation σ=1.22±0.02 μm and whose lateral correlation function is also Gaussian with 1/e width τ=3.17±0.07 μm. The wavelengths used are 0.63, 1.15, 3.39 and 10.6 μm. The surface is used in two forms: coated with gold and as an almost lossless dielectric. The results are compared to those predicted by a double scattering form of the Kirchhoff formulation. Agreement is good at small angles of incidence but less good at larger angles of incidence.
A study of a class of detection waveforms having nearly ideal range—Doppler ambiguity properties (1984)

A special class of permutation matrices is considered. It is shown that these matrices may be beneficially used to determine the frequency-time pattern of a uniform pulse train. Proper choice of burst waveform parameters is shown to result in a detection wave-form having range and Doppler resolution properties consistent with the overall signal duration and bandwidth. The range-Doppler sidelobe peaks are well-controlled so that the ideal "thumbtack" ambiguity function behavior is closely approximated by the synthesis procedure presented.
Synthesis and characterization of 2′-modified-4′-thioRNA: a comprehensive comparison of nuclease stability (2009)

We report herein the synthesis and physical and physiological characterization of fully modified 2'-modified-4'-thioRNAs, i.e. 2'-fluoro-4'-thioRNA (F-SRNA) and 2'-O-Me-4'-thioRNA (Me-SRNA), which can be considered as a hybrid chemical modification based on 2'-modified oligonucleotides (ONs) and 4'-thioRNA (SRNA). In its hybridization with a complementary RNA, F-SRNA (15mer) showed the highest T(m) value (+16 degrees C relative to the natural RNA duplex). In addition, both F-SRNA and Me-SRNA preferred RNA as a complementary partner rather than DNA in duplex formation. The results of a comprehensive comparison of nuclease stability of single-stranded F-SRNA and Me-SRNA along with 2'-fluoroRNA (FRNA), 2'-O-MeRNA (MeRNA), SRNA, and natural RNA and DNA, revealed that Me-SRNA had the highest stability with t(1/2) values of > 24 h against S1 nuclease (an endonuclease) and 79.2 min against SVPD (a 3'-exonuclease). Moreover, the stability of Me-SRNA was significantly improved in 50% human plasma (t(1/2) = 1631 min) compared with FRNA (t(1/2) = 53.2 min) and MeRNA (t(1/2) = 187 min), whose modifications are currently used as components of therapeutic aptamers. The results presented in this article will, it is hoped, contribute to the development of 2'-modified-4'-thioRNAs, especially Me-SRNA, as a new RNA molecule for therapeutic applications.
A framework for HDR stereo matching using multi-exposed images (2013)

Real world scenes that contain high dynamic range illumination present a special challenge for stereo matching algorithms due to a lack of texture in over- or under-exposed image regions. In this paper, we discuss possibilities for combining state-of-the-art stereo matching algorithms with High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging techniques, in order to exploit a set of multi-exposed input images of both the left and right stereo view for high-quality stereo reconstruction. We sketch the overall concept of our HDR stereo matching framework and demonstrate some first steps of its implementation, including the acquisition of HDR stereo test data, stereo matching experiments on tone-mapped images, and ideas for combining disparity maps derived from different exposures.
Hantavirus Causing Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Enters from the Apical Surface and Requires Decay-Accelerating Factor (DAF/CD55) (2008)

The Old World hantaviruses, members of the family Bunyaviridae, cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Transmission to humans occurs via inhalation of aerosols contaminated with the excreta of infected rodents. The viral antigen is detectable in dendritic cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and, most importantly, microvascular endothelial cells. However, the site and detailed mechanism of entry of HFRS-causing hantaviruses in polarized epithelial cells have not yet been defined. Therefore, this study focused on the entry of the pathogenic hantaviruses Hantaan and Puumala into African green monkey kidney epithelial cells and primary human endothelial cells. The polarized epithelial and endothelial cells were found to be susceptible to hantavirus infection exclusively from the apical surface. Treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, which removes glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins from the cell surface, protects cells from infection, indicating that hantaviruses require a GPI-anchored protein as a cofactor for entry. Decay-accelerating factor (DAF)/CD55 is a GPI-anchored protein of the complement regulatory system and serves as a receptor for attachment to the apical cell surface for a number of viruses. Infection was reduced by the pretreatment of hantaviral particles with human recombinant DAF. Moreover, the treatment of permissive cells with DAF-specific antibody blocked infection. These results demonstrate that the Old World hantaviruses Hantaan and Puumala enter polarized target cells from the apical site and that DAF is a critical cofactor for infection.
Specificity of steroid interaction with mammary glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpecificity of steroid interaction with mammary glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenaseRonald R. Raineri and H. Richard LevyCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 11, 2233–2243Publication Date (Print):May 26, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 26 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00813a003https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00813a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Atomic beam deposition of lanthanum- and yttrium-based oxide thin films for gate dielectrics (2000)

We report on the electrical and microstructural characteristics of La- and Y-based oxides grown on silicon substrates by ultrahigh vacuum atomic beam deposition, in order to examine their potential as alternate gate dielectrics for Si complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. We have examined the issues of polycrystallinity and interfacial silicon oxide formation in these films and their effect on the leakage currents and the ability to deposit films with low electrical thickness. We observe that polycrystallinity in the films does not result in unacceptably high leakage currents. We show significant Si penetration in both types of films. We find that the interfacial SiO2 is much thicker at ∼1.5 nm for the Y-based oxide compared to the La-based oxide where the thickness is &amp;lt;0.5 nm. We also show that while the Y-based oxide films show excellent electrical properties, the La based films exhibit a large flat band voltage shift indicative of positive charge in the films.