gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Basic study on photochemical effect of pheophorbide a irradiated by Nd:YAG laser light (1986)

Spectroscopic measurements including absorption and fluorescence were performed using pheophorbide a dissolved in PBS, which was excited by the fundamental output of a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser and its second harmonic beam. The visible fluorescence thus observed by Nd: YAG laser irradiation was attributed to the two-photon absorption process, although its intensity was about 10-4 weaker than the case of second harmonic excitation. In vitro experiments using TE-2 cultured esophagus cancer cells uptaken pheophorbide a and Nd: YAG laser output were also carried out. Survival rates of TE-2 cancer cells exhibited exponential decreases with the irradiation time for different dye concentrations, and this two-photon photochemical effect was found more appreciably for higher dye concentration and higher energy density of irradiation laser pulse.
Negative differential capacitance of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure in presence of InN quantum dots (2008)

In this work the capacitance of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure in presence of InN quantum dots has been studied. This calculation has been done for different InN quantum Dot size, energy dispersion and in different temperatures. The presence of InN quantum dot will cause a negative differential capacitance which can evidence the position of quantum dots in the structures. Our calculation results show this negative differential capacitance is much higher at low temperature and for quantum dots with low energy and higher size dispersion.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Trisomy 21 with Fetal Cells in Maternal Blood Using Comparative Genomic Hybridization (2005)

Prenatal diagnosis from fetal cells in maternal peripheral blood by CGH shows clinical promise as an alternative or as a supplement to fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific probes but further studies are warranted.
Optimization of cardiac resynchronization guided by Doppler echocardiography: haemodynamic improvement and intraindividual variability with different pacing configurations and atrioventricular delays (2006)

Optimized resynchronization in heart failure patients with IVCD produces marked acute improvement of the altered cardiac cycle timing. The variability of Doppler parameters with different CRT modalities underlines the necessity of individualized settings and suggests that the patients' benefit may be jeopardized without optimization.
Activation of Stat3 in v-Src-transformed Fibroblasts Requires Cooperation of Jak1 Kinase Activity (2000)

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that transduce signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus upon activation by tyrosine phosphorylation. Several protein-tyrosine kinases can induce phosphorylation of STATs in cells, including Janus kinase (JAK) and Src family kinases. One STAT family member, Stat3, is constitutively activated in Src-transformed NIH3T3 cells and is required for cell transformation. However, it is not entirely clear whether Src kinase can phosphorylate Stat3 directly or through another pathway, such as JAK family kinases. To address this question, we investigated the phosphorylation of STATs in baculovirus-infected Sf-9 insect cells in the presence of Src. Our results show that Src can tyrosine-phosphorylate Stat1 and Stat3 but not Stat5 in this system. The phosphorylated Stat1 and Stat3 proteins are functionally activated, as measured by their abilities to specifically bind DNA oligonucleotide probes. In addition, the JAK family member Jak1 efficiently phosphorylates Stat1 but not Stat3 in Sf-9 cells. By contrast, we observe that AG490, a JAK family-selective inhibitor, and dominant negative Jak1 protein can significantly inhibit Stat3-induced DNA binding activity as well as Stat3-mediated gene activation in NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, wild-type or kinase-inactive platelet-derived growth factor receptor enhances Stat3 activation by v-Src, consistent with the receptor serving a scaffolding function for recruitment and activation of Stat3. Our results demonstrate that Src kinase is capable of activating STATs in Sf-9 insect cells without expression of JAK family members; however, Jak1 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor are required for maximal Stat3 activation by Src kinase in mammalian cells. Based on these findings, we propose a model in which Jak1 serves to recruit Stat3 to a receptor complex with Src kinase, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates Stat3 in Src-transformed fibroblasts.
Wider minicolumns in autism: a neural basis for altered processing? (2015)

Previous studies have found alterations in the columnar organization of the cortex in autism spectrum disorders. Such changes have been suggested to be limited to higher order association areas and to spare primary sensory areas. In addition, evidence from gene-expression studies have suggested that there may be an attenuation of cortical differentiation in autism spectrum disorders. The present study specifically assessed the minicolumns of cells that span the depth of the cortex in a larger sample of autism spectrum disorder cases than have been studied previously, and across a broad age range. The cortical regions to be investigated were carefully chosen to enable hypotheses about cortical differentiation and the vulnerability of association cortex to be tested. Measures of the minicolumnar arrangement of the cortex (minicolumn width, spacing and width of the associated axon bundles) were made in four regions of cortex (primary auditory cortex, auditory association cortex, orbital frontal cortex and inferior parietal lobe) for 28 subjects with autism spectrum disorder and 25 typically developing control subjects. The present study found wider minicolumns in autism spectrum disorder [F(1,28) = 8.098, P = 0.008], which was particularly pronounced at younger ages, providing evidence for an altered developmental trajectory at the microstructural level. In addition, altered minicolumn width was not restricted to higher order association areas, but was also seen in the primary sensory region investigated. Finally, this study found evidence that cortical regional differentiation was still present in autism spectrum disorder [F(3,39) = 5.486, P = 0.003], although attenuated compared to typically developing subjects [F(3,45) = 18.615, P < 0.001]. It is suggested that wider spacing of the minicolumns may relate to the enhanced discrimination seen in some individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
Endothelial Cell Migration Assay: A Quantitative Assay for Prediction of In Vivo Biology (2003)

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting ones, is one of the essential phenotypes of tumor formation and is also important in a number of normal physiological processes including growth and development (1), wound healing (2), and reproduction (3-5). An inadequate amount of angiogenesis contributes to ulcer formation (6), and excessive angiogenesis contributes to the pathology of a number of conditions including arthritis, psoriasis, and solid tumors. In a series of now classic experiments, Folkman and colleagues demonstrated that solid tumors could not grow any larger than 2 to 3 mm in diameter without being able to induce their own blood supply (7). Whether or not angiogenesis occurs in a particular tissue depends on the balance between the relative amounts of molecules that induce and molecules that inhibit angiogenesis (8). In normal tissues, blood vessels are usually quiescent and cells usually secrete low levels of inducers and high levels of inhibitors.
Structural biology of hepatitis C virus (2004)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes acute and chronic liver disease in humans, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Studies of this virus have been hampered by the lack of a productive cell culture system; most information thus has been obtained from analysis of the HCV genome, heterologous expression systems, in vitro and in vivo models, and structural analyses. Structural analyses of HCV components provide an essential framework for understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HCV polyprotein processing, RNA replication, and virion assembly and may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatitis C. Moreover, these analyses should allow the identification of novel targets for antiviral intervention and development of new strategies to prevent and combat viral hepatitis. This article reviews the current knowledge of HCV structural biology.
Large area nanorings fabricated using an atomic layer deposition Al2O3spacer for magnetic random access memory application (2008)

We have designed a novel atomic layer deposition (ALD) Al(2)O(3) spacer mask technique for fabricating large area high density nanoscale magnetic rings by photolithography for magnetic random access memory applications. A simple mask design and a low temperature ALD process were utilized to simplify the process. Dry etching of Al(2)O(3) and cobalt was investigated for optimizing the nanostructure dimension control. A ring array with density and dimensions below the limits for photolithography tools has been achieved. The magnetic behavior of the ring array was characterized using a SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device). The switching distribution and effects of interaction among ring arrays were studied by correlating simulation with experimental results.
Mechanistic Studies on a Facile Ring-Flipping Process in Planar Chiral Ferrocenes under Ambient and High Pressure and Its Relevance to Asymmetric Catalysis (2004)

The bis-planar chiral ferrocenyldiphosphine bis(1-(diphenylphosphino)-η5-indenyl)iron(II) is observed to undergo an isomerization from the meso isomer to the rac isomer in THF solvent at ambient temperature. This process requires ring flipping of one of the indenyl ligands. The isomerization is slowed by the addition of the noncoordinating solvent chloroform and is accelerated by addition of salts such as LiCl and LiClO4. Rate and activation parameters have been determined for the spontaneous isomerization: kobs = 1.6 × 10-5 s-1 at 23 °C, ΔH⧧ = 58 ± 4 kJ mol-1, ΔS⧧ = −140 ± 15 J mol-1 K-1, and ΔV⧧ = −12.9 ± 0.8 cm3 mol-1. Labeling of the ferrocene with deuterium in the 3- and 3‘-positions followed by isomerization showed no incorporation of deuterium into the 2- or 2‘-positions, thus ruling out 1,2-hydrogen-shift mechanisms. Attempted crossover experiments with dideuterated and nondeuterated ferrocenes gave no monodeuterated products of crossover, thus ruling out ligand dissociative mechanisms. The proposed isomerization mechanism involves coordination of two THF ligands with ring slippage of one indenide and then displacement of that indenide and coordination through the phosphine. Coordination of the indenide by the other face in the reverse process then leads to the other isomer.
Oligonucleotide Labeling Using BODIPY Phosphoramidite (2011)

4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) derivatives were prepared and their photochemical properties were characterized. One such analogue, 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(5-hydroxypentyl)-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene was transformed into the corresponding phosphoramidite and incorporated into oligodeoxyribonucleotides as a fluorescent reporter group.
Hormonal and cardiac effects of converting enzyme inhibition in rat myocardial infarction. (1988)

To explain how converting enzyme inhibition could improve the prognosis in cardiac insufficiency, the effect of converting enzyme inhibition (CEI) by S9490-3 (Perindopril) treatment for 2 months (treated infarctions, n = 18) on hormonal plasma variables and the quantitative and qualitative changes in myocardium were studied in an experimental model of left ventricular infarction in rats (untreated infarctions, n = 18) and compared to a sham-operated control group (n = 15). Induction of myocardial infarction was associated with a transient decrease in blood pressure. CEI treatment maintained a lower blood pressure throughout the experimental period. Plasma renin concentration was not significantly increased in the untreated infarct group (155.4 +/- 136.7 ng AI/ml/hr) as compared to the sham-operated group (47.6 +/- 15.9 ng AI/ml/hr). Plasma aldosterone did not change in the three experimental groups. The plasma level of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor increased in the untreated infarct group (185 +/- 245 pg/ml) as compared with the control group (76 +/- 40 pg/ml) and was normalized by CEI (66 +/- 60 pg/ml). Body weight was slightly decreased in both treated and untreated infarct groups, whereas the heart weight was significantly increased in the untreated group (1,540 +/- 310 mg) and normalized by treatment (1,145 +/- 180 mg) as compared with sham-operated controls (1,071 +/- 80 mg). The combined atria and right ventricular mass was significantly increased in the untreated infarct group (660 +/- 210 mg) and decreased by treatment (443 +/- 106 mg) but was not completely normalized (controls, 343 +/- 40 mg). Left ventricular isomyosin profiles were modified by myocardial infarction as compared with controls: V1 form decreased from 62.4 +/- 9.4% in the sham-operated group to 41.6 +/- 13.4% in the infarct group, and the V3 form increased from 13.0 +/- 4.7% in sham-operated animals to 27.4 +/- 11.8% in untreated infarct animals. CEI treatment partially, but significantly, reversed this modification of the isomyosin profile (V1, 53.0 +/- 14.4%; V3, 17.5 +/- 8.0%). Volume density of collagen was significantly increased in the untreated infarct rats (4.14 +/- 0.81% versus 2.68 +/- 0.49% in controls), and this was reversed by treatment (2.95 +/- 0.66%). Messenger RNA encoding for atrial natriuretic factor, measured by dot blot hybridization, was significantly increased in both the atria and the ventricles in the untreated infarct group, and treatment by CEI partially reversed this increase. Thus, myocardial infarction profoundly modified several variables of peripheral circulation and quantitative and qualitative myocardial protein expression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Effect of Ruminant Grade Menhaden Fish Meal on Reproductive and Productive Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows (1997)

Menhaden fish meal, fed at 0.7 kg/d [2.7% of dietary dry matter (DM)], replaced blood meal and meat and bone meal (2.0% of dietary DM) in the diet fed at dairy A (n = 341) and replaced blood, meat and bone, and corn gluten meals (3.2% of dietary DM) in the diet fed at dairy B (n = 300). Cows consumed the experimental total mixed diets from approximately 24 to 109 d postpartum. Cows were synchronized for estrus using injections of GnRH agonist at 51 d postpartum. PGF2 alpha 7 d later, and artificial insemination at detected estrus. Resynchronization occurred using the same program if estrus was not detected. Diet failed to alter reproductive responses at synchronized artificial insemination. Pregnancy rate at 120 d postpartum was not altered by diet at dairy A (65.4% vs. 60.2%) but was improved by dietary fish meal at dairy B (31.9% vs. 41.3%; interaction of dairy and diet). The dynamics of corpus luteum regression were altered in cows fed fish meal at dairy B. Dietary fish meal did not influence milk production of cows at dairy A but increased production of milk (2.3 kg/d) and protein (0.1 kg/d) of second parity cows at dairy B. When dietary fish meal was fed to cows at dairy B, production of milk fat and 4% FCM was higher for cows in parity 5 or greater than that for cows in fourth parity.
Remarkably broad substrate specificity of a modular polyketide synthase in a cell-free system (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRemarkably broad substrate specificity of a modular polyketide synthase in a cell-free systemRembert Pieper, Guanglin Luo, David E. Cane, and Chaitan KhoslaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 45, 11373–11374Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00150a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00150a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae invasive disease in Scotland prior to immunisation. (1993)

Immunisation against Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) was added to the UK childhood vaccination schedule on 1 October 1992. Based on reports of laboratory isolations from blood and/or CSF, the epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae invasive disease in Scotland during the last full year before immunisation (1991) is reviewed. In children aged under five years the estimated incidence of infection (25.5 per 100,000) is higher than that previously reported from Scotland, but lower than estimates from Glasgow and other UK studies. However, the age-sex and seasonal distribution is consistent with previous surveys. As in England and Wales, there appears to be regional variation in incidence within Scotland, although this may simply reflect differences in the completeness of laboratory reporting. In addition to 113 laboratory reports of H. influenzae invasive infection, a retrospective search of hospital discharge data and death registrations identified a further 51 and two cases respectively, some of whom may be genuine. In spite of reservations about hospital discharge data, this raises the possibility that there may be an element of under-reporting by laboratories. With the advent of record linkage of hospital discharge data, it would be prudent to monitor the impact of the Hib vaccine programme using this data source in addition to laboratory reports and death registrations.
Characterization of A1, a novel hemopoietic-specific early-response gene with sequence similarity to bcl-2 . (1993)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulates hemopoietic cell proliferation, differentiation, and functional activation by inducing the expression of specific genes. As part of an investigation of the regulation of gene expression by GM-CSF, we have previously identified a novel murine GM-CSF-inducible gene, A1. In this report, we present the complete nucleotide sequence of the A1 mRNA as well as a portion of the 5' flanking region, and describe the expression pattern of the gene. The results demonstrate that A1 is a hemopoietic tissue-specific gene that is expressed in several hemopoietic cell lineages, including T-helper lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. In murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, A1 gene expression is rapidly and transiently induced by GM-CSF, and the induction was independent of de novo protein synthesis. In addition to GM-CSF, a transient induction of A1 mRNA accumulation was observed in response to LPS in macrophages. This induction is not mediated by IL-1 alpha or IL-6, neither of which stimulate A1. In the myeloid precursor cell line, 32D cl3, A1 gene expression is stably induced during granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-stimulated myeloid cell differentiation. The A1 message encodes a predicted polypeptide with an M(r) of 20,024 and no signal peptide. The peptide sequence contains a region of 80 amino acids that shows similarity to bcl-2 and to the recently described bcl-2-related gene, MCL1. These data demonstrate that A1 is a novel early-response gene whose expression is associated with a variety of stimuli and occurs in several hemopoietic cell types.
Nits, Grits, and Soft Information in SEC Filings (1972)

The corporate image created by a prospectus, proxy statement, or other Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filing may be likened to a shadow-it tells something about the subject's gross outline but in a flat, lifeless, and sometimes distorted form.Many commentators, including SEC Chairman William J. Casey,' have suggested that SEC disclosure filings should be more lifelike representations, devoting greater attention to economic realities and the nitty-gritty of the business, and including certain types of forward-looking information, rather than boilerplate phrases and standard disclaimers which could fit almost any filing.Historically, certain types of information, highly relevant to investment decisions-referred to herein as "soft" information-have been largely excluded from SEC filings, primarily because of the Commission's policy.Recently, however, the SEC, analysts and other market professionals, the courts, and investors have shown interest in the expanded use of such information in these documents.Consequently its greater use seems to be inevitable.This Article will consider several categories of soft information traditionally excluded from filings and will examine some of the policy implications of this practice.Since its basic theme is to suggest a shift in attitude to allow, and possibly even require, more soft information in SEC filings, the policies that should control the use of such information will also be explored.I.
Using a value chain approach for effective decision making. (1997)

Effectively managing costs in a healthcare environment may require taking a new look at how those costs are evaluated. The price of a product is not necessarily the most effective or efficient way of determining the actual cost. Using a value chain approach takes into consideration the functional costs of using a product as well, including both the "process" and "downstream" costs to an organization. In this article, Associate Professor Neil A. Wilner examines the differences between price and cost using a typical purchase in a healthcare environment.
A low power 100M&#x03A9; CMOS front-end transimpedance amplifier for biosensing applications (2010)

In this paper, the design, implementation and simulation of a high-gain, low-power, low-noise CMOS front-end transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is presented for interfacing with a bio-sensor array and analog neural circuits. An improved capacitive-feedback TIA topology is used with an active load to obtain a 100MΩ transimpedance gain, 1MHz bandwidth, 158fA/rt(Hz) input-referred current noise at sensing frequency, near 0° phase shift and 1V peak-to-peak output swing. The proposed circuit dissipates 132μW from a 1.8V supply and the circuit is implemented in a standard 0.18μm CMOS 1P6M technology.
Novel Chiral H3-Receptor Agonists (1991)

Several alkyl-substituted histamine derivatives have been synthesized and investigated for their agonistic potency on three classes of histamine receptors. While all investigated compounds are full agonists at H3-receptors their relative potency vs. histamine is strongly varying and culminates in alpha R, beta S-dimethylhistamine which is a highly potent and selective H3-receptor agonist.