gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Activated Protein C (APC) on Apoptosis of Cancer Cells (2012)

본 연구에서는 항응고제로서의 역할을 가지면서 또한 혈액응고와는 관련 없는 종양세포의 전이 등을 조절하는 것으로 알려진 activated protein C (APC)가 종양세포의 사멸에는 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-<TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>와 cyclohexamide를 병합 처리하거나 FAS를 처리하게 되면 인간 신장암세포인 Caki에서는 유의적인 세포사멸이 일어난다. 하지만, APC는 이러한 세포사멸에 아무런 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 또한 TRAIL을 인간 뇌 암세포인 T98G와 유방암세포인 MDA231세포에 처리하여 세포사멸을 일으켰을 때에도 APC는 세포사멸을 조절하지 못하였다. 그러나, TRAIL에 대한 민감도를 증가시키기 위한 kahweol과 TRAIL의 병합처리나, kahweol과 malatonin의 병합처리에 의한 신장암세포의 사멸은 APC에 의해 유의적으로 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 이는 APC가 항암치료의 효율성을 조절 할 수 있는 가능성을 가짐을 의미한다. Activated protein C (APC) has an anticoagulant effect and a non-hemostatic effect such as regulation of cell metastasis and modulation of inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether APC could modulate apoptosis in cancer cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-<TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>, cyclohexamide, and FAS markedly induced apoptosis in human renal carcinoma Caki cells. When Caki cells were pretreated with APC, the percentage of death receptor-induced apoptosis did not change. Furthermore, we checked the effect of APC on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in human glioma T98G and human breast carcinoma MDA231 cells. APC also had no effect on TRAIL-induced apoptosis in both cell lines. However, pretreatment with APC inhibited combination treatment (kahweol plus TRAIL and kahweol plus melatonin)-induced apoptosis and PARP cleavage in Caki cells. Taken together, our results suggest that APC can modulate anti-cancer therapeutic efficiency.
Understanding the benefit of metformin use in cancer treatment (2011)

Biguanides have been developed for the treatment of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. Recently, metformin, the most widely prescribed biguanide, has emerged as a potential anticancer agent. Epidemiological, preclinical and clinical evidence supports the use of metformin as a cancer therapeutic. The ability of metformin to lower circulating insulin may be particularly important for the treatment of cancers known to be associated with hyperinsulinemia, such as those of the breast and colon. Moreover, metformin may exhibit direct inhibitory effects on cancer cells by inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and protein synthesis. The evidence supporting a role for metformin in cancer therapy and its potential molecular mechanisms of action are discussed.
Alport syndrome and thin glomerular basement membrane disease. (1998)

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 9(9):p 1736-1750, September 1998. | DOI: 10.1681/ASN.V991736
A Unique Case of Trichorrhexis Nodosa—"Bamboo Hairs" (1958)

In 1949 I examined a little girl who had a congenital ectodermal defect manifested by a unique type of fragilitas crinium which, so far as I have been able to determine, has not been discussed in the literature. I have been diffident about reporting my findings because the patient lived in a distant city and, therefore, was unable to remain under prolonged observation. However, a resume of her history, together with mounted hairs or photographs of them, has evinced such interest among several eminent dermatologists that I am encouraged to believe that such a rare type of fragilitas crinium warrants this report. Report of a Case A girl, aged 4 years, was admitted to The Cleveland Clinic on Nov. 22, 1949, because the hair on the scalp had failed to grow to normal length (there had been no area of baldness), and a pruritic eruption had been
Room-Temperature Z-Selective Homocoupling of α-Olefins by Tungsten Catalysts (2011)

3,5-Dimethylphenylimido complexes of tungsten can be prepared using procedures analogous to those employed for other tungsten catalysts, as can bispyrrolide species and MonoAryloxide-Pyrrolide (MAP) species. Homocouplings of 1-hexene, 1-octene, and methyl 10-undecenoate are achieved in 45−89% yield and a Z selectivity of >99% with W(NAr′′)(C3H6)(pyr)(OHIPT) as a catalyst. Homocoupling of terminal olefins in the presence of (E)-olefins elsewhere in the molecule also was achieved with excellent selectivity.
Influenza A Virus Attenuation by Codon Deoptimization of the NS Gene for Vaccine Development (2014)

Vaccination serves as the best therapeutic option to protect humans against influenza viral infections. However, the efficacy of current influenza vaccines is suboptimal, and novel approaches are necessary for the prevention of disease cause by this important human respiratory pathogen. The nonstructural (NS) gene of influenza virus encodes both the multifunctional nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), essential for innate immune evasion, and the nuclear export protein (NEP), required for the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins and for timing of the virus life cycle. Here, we have generated a recombinant influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR8) virus containing a codon-deoptimized NS segment that is attenuated in vivo yet retains immunogenicity and protection efficacy against homologous and heterologous influenza virus challenges. These results open the exciting possibility of using this NS codon deoptimization methodology alone or in combination with other approaches for the future development of vaccine candidates to prevent influenza viral infections.
The Vg1 - related protein Gdf3 acts in a Nodal signaling pathway in the pre-gastrulation mouse embryo (2005)

The formation of the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) in the pre-gastrulation mouse embryo represents a crucial event in patterning of the anterior-posterior axis. Here, we show that the transforming growth factor beta (Tgfbeta) family member Gdf3 (growth-differentiation factor 3), a close relative of Xenopus Vg1, resembles the Tgfbeta ligand Nodal in both its signaling activity and its role in AVE formation in vivo. Thus, in cell culture, Gdf3 signaling requires the EGF-CFC co-receptor Cripto and can be inhibited by Lefty antagonists. In Xenopus embryos, Gdf3 misexpression results in secondary axis formation, and induces morphogenetic elongation and mesendoderm formation in animal caps. In mouse embryos, Gdf3 is expressed in the inner cell mass and epiblast, and null mutants frequently exhibit abnormal formation or positioning of the AVE. This phenotype correlates with defects in mesoderm and definitive endoderm formation, as well as abnormal Nodal expression levels. Our findings indicate that Gdf3 acts in a Nodal-like signaling pathway in pre-gastrulation development, and provide evidence for the functional conservation of Vg1 activity in mice.
Emergency department visits for chest pain and abdominal pain: United States, 1999-2008. (2010)

The number of noninjury emergency department (ED) visits in which abdominal pain was the primary reason for the visit increased 31.8%. The percentage of ED visits for which chest pain was the primary reason decreased 10.0%. Use of advanced medical imaging increased strongly for ED visits related to abdominal pain (122.6%) and chest pain (367.6%). The percentage of ED visits for chest pain that resulted in a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome decreased 44.9%. Chest and abdominal pain are the most common reasons that persons aged 15 years and over visit the emergency department (ED). Because EDs provide both emergency and nonemergency care, visits for these symptoms may vary in their acuity. Advanced medical imaging is often ordered to assist in both diagnosing and ruling out serious illness associated with these symptoms. This report describes trends in visits for chest and abdominal pain in adults and the seriousness of illness and use of imaging in these visits. All data shown are for persons aged 18 and over whose visit was not injury related.
<title>Automated filtration capture immunoelectrochemical assay of bacteria</title> (1999)

An automated system for filtration capture and immunoelectrochemical detection of bactria in liquid samples is described. The detector incorporates a porous electrode in contact with the filter, rather than the solid electrode used previously, to allow sample and reagent solutions to be delivered in a flowing stream. This eliminated the need for manual assembly of the electrode and filter for each assay and allowed repetitive assays on a single filter/electrode. The electrochemical response of the novel gold grid electrode under static and flow conditions was found to be consistent with theory for a planar electrode operating in laminar flow conditions. A computer-controlled fluid handling system was coupled to the detector for delivery of samples and reagents at controlled flow rates and times. The combination of flow detector and fluid handling system allows for automation of the previous assay protocol as well as providing new operating modes with enhanced background rejection and improved sensitivity. The use of these operating modes is demonstrated by a simple assay for Escherichia coli O157:H7 with virtually no background current.
The cDNA and derived amino acid sequences for rat and human synaptophysin (1987)

Journal Article The cDNA and derived amino acid sequences for rat and human synaptophysin Get access Thomas C. Sūdhof, Thomas C. Sūdhof * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Friedrich Lottspeich, Friedrich Lottspeich 1Max-Planck-Institut für BiochemieD-8033 Martinsried, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul Greengard, Paul Greengard 2Rockefeller University1230 York Ave., Box 296, New York, NY 10021, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ehrenfried Mehl, Ehrenfried Mehl 1Max-Planck-Institut für BiochemieD-8033 Martinsried, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reinhard Jahn Reinhard Jahn 3Max-Planck-Institut für PsychiatrieD-8033 Martinsried, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 15, Issue 22, 25 November 1987, Page 9607, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/15.22.9607 Published: 25 November 1987 Article history Received: 05 October 1987 Published: 25 November 1987
Telecentric optics for focus analysis (1997)

Magnification variations due to changes in focus setting pose problems for vision techniques, such as, depth from focus and defocus. The magnification of a conventional lens can be made invariant to defocus by simply adding an aperture at an analytically derived location. The resulting optical configuration is called "telecentric". It is shown that most commercially available lenses can be turned into telecentric ones. The procedure for calculating the position of the additional aperture and a detailed analysis of the photometric and geometric properties of telecentric lenses are presented. Experiments are reported that use a phase-based shift detection algorithm to demonstrate the magnification invariance of telecentric lenses.
General Rules for Selective Growth of Enriched Semiconducting Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Water Vapor as in Situ Etchant (2012)

The presence of metallic nanotubes in as-grown single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is the major bottleneck for their applications in field-effect transistors. Herein, we present a method to synthesize enriched, semiconducting nanotube arrays on quartz substrate. It was discovered that introducing appropriate amounts of water could effectively remove the metallic nanotubes and significantly enhance the density of SWNT arrays. More importantly, we proposed and confirmed that the high growth selectivity originates from the etching effect of water and the difference in the chemical reactivities of metallic and semiconducting nanotubes. Three important rules were summarized for achieving a high selectivity in growing semiconducting nanotubes by systematically investigating the relationship among water concentration, carbon feeding rate, and the percentage of semiconducting nanotubes in the produced SWNT arrays. Furthermore, these three rules can be applied to the growth of random SWNT networks on silicon wafers.
Power provisioning for a warehouse-sized computer (2007)

Large-scale Internet services require a computing infrastructure that can beappropriately described as a warehouse-sized computing system. The cost ofbuilding datacenter facilities capable of delivering a given power capacity tosuch a computer can rival the recurring energy consumption costs themselves.Therefore, there are strong economic incentives to operate facilities as closeas possible to maximum capacity, so that the non-recurring facility costs canbe best amortized. That is difficult to achieve in practice because ofuncertainties in equipment power ratings and because power consumption tends tovary significantly with the actual computing activity. Effective powerprovisioning strategies are needed to determine how much computing equipmentcan be safely and efficiently hosted within a given power budget.
Development of Resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Rifampin, and Mupirocin in Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates (2000)

A relationship between resistance to methicillin and resistance to fluoroquinolones, rifampin, and mupirocin has been described for Staphylococcus aureus. Differences in resistance rates may be explainable by a higher spontaneous mutation rate (MR) or a faster development of resistance (DIFF) in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). No differences in MR, DIFF, and mutations in grlA and gyrA were detected between methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA. The higher resistance rates in MRSA are not the result of hypermutability of target genes or a faster emergence of different mutations and may be the consequence of clonal spread of multiresistant MRSA.
Quantitative MRI for the assessment of bone structure and function (2006)

Osteoporosis is the most common degenerative disease in the elderly. It is characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to morbidity and increased fracture risk in the hip, spine and wrist-all sites of predominantly trabecular bone. Bone densitometry, currently the standard methodology for diagnosis and treatment monitoring, has significant limitations in that it cannot provide information on the structural manifestations of the disease. Recent advances in imaging, in particular MRI, can now provide detailed insight into the architectural consequences of disease progression and regression in response to treatment. The focus of this review is on the emerging methodology of quantitative MRI for the assessment of structure and function of trabecular bone. During the past 10 years, various approaches have been explored for obtaining image-based quantitative information on trabecular architecture. Indirect methods that do not require resolution on the scale of individual trabeculae and therefore can be practiced at any skeletal location, make use of the induced magnetic fields in the intertrabecular space. These fields, which have their origin in the greater diamagnetism of bone relative to surrounding marrow, can be measured in various ways, most typically in the form of R2', the recoverable component of the total transverse relaxation rate. Alternatively, the trabecular network can be quantified by high-resolution MRI (micro-MRI), which requires resolution adequate to at least partially resolve individual trabeculae. Micro-MRI-based structure analysis is therefore technically demanding in terms of image acquisition and algorithms needed to extract the structural information under conditions of limited signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. Other requirements that must be met include motion correction and image registration, both critical for achieving the reproducibility needed in repeat studies. Key clinical applications targeted involve fracture risk prediction and evaluation of the effect of therapeutic intervention.
Ballistic Phonon Transport in Holey Silicon (2015)

When the size of semiconductors is smaller than the phonon mean free path, phonons can carry heat with no internal scattering. Ballistic phonon transport has received attention for both theoretical and practical aspects because Fourier's law of heat conduction breaks down and the heat dissipation in nanoscale transistors becomes unpredictable in the ballistic regime. While recent experiments demonstrate room-temperature evidence of ballistic phonon transport in various nanomaterials, the thermal conductivity data for silicon in the length scale of 10-100 nm is still not available due to experimental challenges. Here we show ballistic phonon transport prevails in the cross-plane direction of holey silicon from 35 to 200 nm. The thermal conductivity scales linearly with the length (thickness) even though the lateral dimension (neck) is as narrow as 20 nm. We assess the impact of long-wavelength phonons and predict a transition from ballistic to diffusive regime using scaling models. Our results support strong persistence of long-wavelength phonons in nanostructures and are useful for controlling phonon transport for thermoelectrics and potential phononic applications.
Comparative molecular pharmacology in leukemic L1210 cells of the anthracene anticancer drugs mitoxantrone and bisantrene. (1985)

1,4-Dihydroxy-5,8-bis(2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoethyl]amino)-9, 10-anthracenedione (mitoxantrone) and 9,10-anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2y)hydrazone] dihydrochloride (bisantrene) were evaluated for their abilities to cause cytotoxicity and interact with cellular DNA using leukemic L1210 cells. On a molar basis mitoxantrone has been found to be 7-fold more toxic than bisantrene. Using a nucleoid sedimentation technique, bisantrene caused changes in DNA supercoiling which were characteristic of an intercalating drug, but mitoxantrone did not induce these changes. Both drugs were found to interact with cellular DNA with tight but noncovalent binding. Both drugs also induced protein-associated double- and single-strand DNA breaks, but with mitoxantrone only some of the DNA single-strand breaks were protein associated, whereas with bisantrene all the DNA single-strand breaks were protein associated. The cytotoxicity produced by bisantrene at a given frequency of protein-associated DNA strand breaks was low. However, with mitoxantrone at an equivalent DNA strand break frequency, the cytotoxicity was high. Treatment of isolated L1210 nuclei with either drug did not result in DNA single-strand breaks. It can be concluded that bisantrene binds DNA in whole cells by an intercalative mechanism, whereas mitoxantrone binds DNA by a nonintercalative, electrostatic interaction and induces non-protein-associated DNA strand breaks.
The role of AMP‐activated protein kinase in mitochondrial biogenesis (2006)

While it has been known for more than 75 years that physical activity is associated with increased mitochondrial content in muscle, the molecular mechanism for this adaptive process has only recently been elucidated. This brief review examines existing studies that have identified AMPK-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and several other key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha and -1beta, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV, and nitric oxide. In addition, the potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance associated with ageing and type 2 diabetes mellitus is also discussed.
Micronutrient Status and Immune Function in Tuberculosisa (1990)

Both macro- and micronutrients have been shown to affect resistance to tuberculosis, which is mediated by macrophages activated by T lymphocytes. Others have demonstrated inhibition of mycobacterial replication in macrophage cultures treated with vitamin D or retinoic acid. We examined the influence of dietary zinc and vitamin D on resistance to tuberculosis. Guinea pigs were fed diets containing varying levels of zinc or vitamin D, and infected 6 weeks later by the respiratory route with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Zinc-deficient guinea pigs had fewer circulating T cells and reduced tuberculin (PPD) hypersensitivity. The response of peritoneal exudate macrophages to the lymphokine MIF was impaired. Zinc deprivation did not influence disease resistance in BCG-vaccinated or nonvaccinated animals. Vitamin D deficiency adversely affected the tuberculin reaction and ability to control the infection. Lymphocytes from vitamin D-deprived animals did not proliferate normally when cultured with PPD. A diet supplemented with vitamin D enhanced T cell responses to PPD in vivo. These results suggest that zinc and vitamin D status affect immunity to tuberculosis.
Metal Nanowire Formation Using Mo3Se3- as Reducing and Sacrificing Templates (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMetal Nanowire Formation Using Mo3Se3- as Reducing and Sacrificing TemplatesJae Hee Song, Yiying Wu, Benjamin Messer, Hannes Kind, and Peidong YangView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 42, 10397–10398Publication Date (Web):September 26, 2001Publication History Received10 August 2001Published online26 September 2001Published inissue 1 October 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja016818hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja016818hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1163Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Genetics,Gold,Metals,Nanowires,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Spin-Based Logic and Memory Technologies for Low-Power Systems (2016)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. February 20162016. Major: Electrical Engineering. Advisor: Chris Kim. 1 computer file (PDF); xviii, 140 pages.
Specific and reversible inhibition of the blunt end joining activity of the T4 DNA ligase (1981)

Specific, complete and reversible inhibition of the joining of blunt ended DNA duplexes catalyzed by the T4 DNA ligase can be obtained by using ATP, the enzyme cofactor, at concentrations of 5 mM and higher. On cohesive DNA ends, 5 mM ATP, which completely inhibits blunt end ligation, brings about only a limited (8%) reduction in the level of joining obtainable under optimal ATP concentration (0,5 mM or lower). A similar but less drastic uncoupling of the two kinds of joining can be achieved at lower ATP concentration (2,5 mM) using 1 mM Mg++. The joining of DNA blunt ends can also be inhibited almost completely by 10 mM spermidine, without noticeable effect on the joining of cohesive termini.