gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creatine kinase immunocytochemistry of human sperm-hemizona complexes: selective binding of sperm with mature creatine kinase-staining pattern (1994)

Mature sperm selectively bind to the zona. We suggest that spermatozoa with immature CK-staining patterns are deficient in the site(s) of oocyte recognition and binding.
Effect of diethylene glycol content and annealing temperature on the structure and properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1986)

Abstract The effect of 2,2′‐oxydiethanol (diethylene glycol, DEG) content (ranging from 2 to 15 mol %) and of the annealing temperature (in the range from 100 to 260°C) on the density, calorimetric, dynamic‐ and static‐mechanical and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) behavior of undrawn and drawn samples (granules, films, and bristles) of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been studied. The known dependences on the annealing temperature are confirmed. Some discrepancies with earlier investigations of the dependences on the DEG content are established: constant values for the SAXS intensity and long spacing, for the lamellar thickness and for the volume fraction crystallinity a c . These discrepancies are explained by the variation of the glass transition temperature ( T g ) and melting temperature ( T m ) of the materials with different DEG contents. The previous hypothesis of the segregation of the comonomer (DEG) units into the amorphous regions is confirmed.
Second-Language Acquisition and the Information Age: How Social Software has Created a New Mode of Learning (2011)

We are presently witnessing a great shift in how young people learn and in the benefits that social software has to offer. New technologies can augment and build on traditional forms of social learning, giving birth to an improved and more multifaceted approach to knowledge acquisition that complements the current more general shift toward an increasingly technological world. The purpose of this article is not only to consider how social learning through the use of technology benefits learners, but also to investigate the implications of such learning and technology for curriculum development.
Role of neovasculature and vascular permeability on the tumor retention of photodynamic agents. (1992)

A variety of photodynamic sensitizers (chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine, tetraphenyl porphine sulfonate, mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6, Photofrin, chlorin e6, and Uroporphyrin dihydrochloride I) were characterized by their ability to be retained in EMT-6 tumors growing in BALB/c mice. Two properties uniquely associated with tumors, proliferating neovasculature and vascular permeability, were tested for their relative importance in retaining the photosensitizer. A chick embryo model was used to compare photosensitizer uptake/retention in proliferating and nonproliferating neovasculature with retention in proliferating nonvascular tissue. Our results provide evidence that photosensitizers which are preferentially retained by tumors have a selective affinity for proliferating neovasculature. The chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine and tetraphenyl porphine sulfonate compounds possess the greatest affinity for proliferating neovasculature relative to nonvascular tissue, while the phthalocyanine has the largest tumor/normal differential in vivo of all the photosensitizers tested. Chlorin e6 and uroporphyrin dihydrochloride I were the only photosensitizers which were not retained in greater amounts by tumor tissues relative to normal tissues. Using a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, extended and constant vascular permeability was induced in BALB/c mice. Vascular permeability was quantitated by Evans blue extraction from the delayed-type hypersensitivity sites. Interestingly, leaky vessels alone did not result in photosensitizer retention, as seen with tumors. These data demonstrate that tumor-retained photosensitizers possess a selective affinity for proliferating neovasculature and that vascular permeability alone is not sufficient to retain these sensitizers.
Efficacy of fluralaner in 17 dogs with sarcoptic mange (2016)

Fluralaner was effective in eliminating scabies mites within 14 days and significantly resolved the clinical signs associated with sarcoptic mange within 21 days after a single dose.
Klotho protein in neurodegenerative disorders (2018)

The Klotho protein is a recently discovered protein and its overexpression is associated with life extension. Klotho deficiency or silencing of the Klotho gene in mice leads to an accelerated aging and short life, whereas overexpression of Klotho in mice extends lifespan. Klotho participates in many metabolic pathways and is highly expressed in the kidneys, the choroid plexus and neurons. It plays a key role in the calcium-phosphate metabolism, remyelination, and cognitive processes. The present paper is a short review of the literature on the role of Klotho in neurodegenerative disorders, with special attention paid to multiple sclerosis. The neuroprotective function of Klotho is also reported. It is also important to consider potential clinical applications of Klotho that might be useful in the treatment of many diseases.
PATH LOSS PREDICTION FOR LOW-RISE BUILDINGS WITH IMAGE CLASSIFICATION ON 2-D AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS (2009)

This paper presents a radio wave propagation prediction method for low-rise buildings using 2-D aerial images taken from the actual areas. The prediction procedure was done in three steps. Firstly, the images were classified in order to identify the objects by Color Temperature Properties with Maximum Likelihood Algorithm (CTP MLA). The objects in the images consist of buildings, trees, roads, water and plain. These objects influence wave propagation highly. The MLA classification is a common supervised image segmentation technique in remote sensing domain. However it still needs human editing in case of classification errors. Secondly, the appropriate path loss models were selected to predict path loss. The original Xia path loss model was modified to include the effects of airy buildings and vegetation around the buildings. Finally, preliminary tests provide a better solution compared with measured path losses with the root mean square error (RMSE) and maximum relative error (MRE) of 3.47 and 0.31, respectively. Therefore, the positions for micro-cell base stations could be designed on a 2-D aerial map.
Folding and association versus misfolding and aggregation of proteins (1995)

The acquisition of spatial structure in proteins may be described in terms of hierarchical condensation, with contributions of local interactions between next neighbours and the interactions between domains and subunits accumulating to create the marginal free energy of stabilization characteristic of the functional state of globular proteins. Domains represent independent folding units such that the overall kinetics divide into the sequential collapse of subdomains and domains and their merging to form the compact tertiary structure. In proceeding to oligomeric proteins, docking of subunits follows the formation of structured monomers. Thus, the overall mechanism of folding and association obeys consecutive uni-bimolecular kinetics. Beyond a limiting protein concentration, aggregation will outrun proper domain pairing and subunit association. In the cell, accessory proteins are involved in catalysis of the rate-determining steps of folding (proline isomerization and SH-SS exchange) and in the kinetic partitioning between folding and aggregation (chaperone action). The practical aspects of accessory proteins have been investigated in detail using immunotoxins and antibody fragments as examples. Additional concepts allowing off-pathway reactions in protein reconstruction to be kept to a minimum refer to pulse-dilation, reverse micelles and immobilization of polypeptide chains on matrices.
Binary display of images when spot size exceeds step size (1980)

Many binary digital devices for display or printing of images are capable of placing spots of size S at an array of addressable points spaced R apart where S < R. A new representation is described for display or printing of continuous-tone images with such devices for which S/R < 2. The presentation takes into account spot overlap to assure correct tone reproduction, minimize pattern visibility, and maximize detail rendition. The algorithm is a modification of ordered dither that utilizes in one direction the subspot size addressibility of the device to increase the number of available levels of tone per unit area and enhance the good visual properties of the dither matrix. While not implementable by thresholding, the algorithm may be implemented by a nearly point-to-point spatially periodic mapping from continuous-tone image-to-device input. Fourier analysis provides a theoretical basis for the representation. Experimental work is presented that confirms the results of the analysis.
Defects and interfaces in epitaxial ZnO/α-Al2O3 and AlN/ZnO/α-Al2O3 heterostructures (1998)

We have investigated the nature of epitaxy, defects (dislocations, stacking faults, and inversion domains), and heterointerfaces in zinc oxide films grown on (0001) sapphire and explored the possibility of using it as a buffer layer for growing group III nitrides. High quality epitaxial ZnO films were grown on sapphire using pulsed laser deposition in the temperature range 750–800 °C. The epitaxial relationship of the film with respect to (0001) sapphire was found to be (0001)ZnO∥(0001)sap, with in-plane orientation relationship of [011̄0]ZnO∥[1̄21̄0]sap. This in-plane orientation relationship corresponds to a 30° rotation of ZnO basal planes with respect to the sapphire substrate, which is similar to the epitaxial growth characteristics of AlN and GaN on sapphire. The threading dislocations in ZnO were found to have mostly 1/3〈112̄0〉 Burgers vectors. The planar defects (mostly I1 stacking faults) were found to lie in the basal plane with density of about 105 cm−1. We have grown epitaxial AlN films at temperatures around 770 °C using ZnO/sapphire heterostructure as a substrate and observed the formation of a thin reacted layer at the AlN/ZnO interface. The implications of low defect content in ZnO films compared to III–V nitrides and the role of ZnO films as a buffer layer for III–V nitrides are discussed.
Glucuronidation of amine substrates by purified and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase proteins. (1998)

Conjugation of many primary, secondary, and tertiary amine-containing xenobiotics with glucuronic acid can result in the formation of N-glucuronide metabolites. For carcinogenic arylamines and their N-hydroxylated metabolites, N-glucuronidation can result in the formation of either inactive metabolites or labile conjugates, which can be transported to their target tissue (urinary bladder) where they may be converted to reactive metabolites. Drugs with primary amine (e.g. dapsone) or secondary amine moieties (e.g. sulfadimethoxine and clozapine) can also be metabolized to N-glucuronides. The metabolism of a number of tertiary amine-containing pharmacological agents to quaternary ammonium-linked glucuronides represents a unique and important metabolic pathway for these compounds that is highly species-dependent. This review summarizes our present knowledge of the uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes involved in catalyzing N-glucuronide formation. Of the more than 30 UDP-glucuronosyltransferases that have been purified or cloned and expressed, many catalyze N-glucuronide formation for primary and secondary amine substrates. In contrast, only human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases 1A3 and 1A4 have been shown to catalyze quaternary ammonium-linked glucuronide formation for aliphatic tertiary amines. The structure of the UGT1 gene complex is highly conserved across species, and it appears that a mutation in the first exon encoding UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4, resulting in a pseudo-gene, may explain the inability of some species to form quaternary ammonium-linked glucuronides.
A Novel Tetracyclic Peptide, Trapoxin, Induces Phenotypic Change from Transformed to Normal in sis‐Oncogene‐transformed NIH3T3 Cells (1992)

A novel tetracyclic peptide, trapoxin [cyclo(L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-pipecolinyl-L-2-amino-8-oxo -9,10-epoxy - decanoyl)], was found to induce the flat phenotype in v-sis-transformed NIH3T3 cells at a quite low concentration of 1 ng/ml. Actin stress fiber could be detected after trapoxin treatment. Almost complete reversion into the flat phenotype was observed at 6 h after the administration of the compound. The effect of trapoxin was reversible, when the cell culture was incubated for more than 24 h after its removal. The intracellular level of sis-mRNA did not decrease with trapoxin treatment at a concentration (50 ng/ml), sufficient to reverse the transformed morphology. Substitution of pipecolinic acid with proline in trapoxin did not change the activity. WF3161, in which leucine was substituted for a phenylalanine of trapoxin, showed only one-sixteenth of the activity of trapoxin. Reduction of the epoxide residue of trapoxin destroyed the activity.
Enhancement of radiation effects by combined docetaxel and carboplatin treatment in vitro (1999)

This study was designed to evaluate the combination of docetaxel (Taxotere) and carboplatin for radiopotentiation in vitro. H460 human lung carcinoma cells were treated with docetaxel (or paclitaxel) for 1 h and rinsed. After 24 h, the cells were treated with carboplatin for 1 h, irradiated, and colony forming ability was assesed. Using various doses of docetaxel with 100 microM carboplatin, the dose enhancement ratio (D.E.R.) for drugs only was 1.26. When 25 nM docetaxel was used with various doses of radiation, the radiation D.E.R. was 1.41. With all three agents combined, and after normalization for combined drug effects, the radiation D.E.R. was 1.55. Similar values were obtained using paclitaxel with these agents. Significant redistribution of cells into the radiosensitive G2/M phase was observed using a dose of paclitaxel (750 nM), which also caused radiation enhancement. However, an equally cytotoxic dose of docetaxel (25 nM) did not result in any cell cycle redistribution; this phenomenon was only observed at higher doses. This study shows that the combination of docetaxel and carboplatin enhance the effects of radiation in vitro more effectively than either drug seperately. In addition, our data show that the mechanism of radiopotentiation by docetaxel probably does not involve a G2/M block in H460 cells.
Repeat Sequence of Epstein-Barr Virus-encoded Nuclear Antigen 1 Protein Interrupts Proteasome Substrate Processing (2004)

The Epstein-Barr virus thwarts immune surveillance through a Gly-Ala repeat (GAr) within the viral Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen 1 protein. The GAr inhibits proteasome processing, an early step in antigen peptide presentation, but the mechanism of proteasome inhibition has been unclear. By embedding a GAr within ornithine decarboxylase, a natural proteasome substrate that does not require ubiquitin conjugation, we now demonstrate inhibition in a purified system, excluding involvement of ubiquitin conjugation or of proteins extraneous to substrate and proteasome. We show further that the GAr acts as a stop-transfer signal in proteasome substrate processing, resulting in vivo in partial proteolysis that halts just short of the GAr. Similarly, introducing a GAr into green fluorescent protein destabilized by the ornithine decarboxylase degradation domain also stops the progress of proteolysis, leading to the accumulation of partial degradation products. We postulate that the ATP motor of the proteasome slips when it encounters the GAr, impeding further insertion and, in this way, halting degradation.
Bafilomycins: a class of inhibitors of membrane ATPases from microorganisms, animal cells, and plant cells. (1988)

Various membrane ATPases have been tested for their sensitivity to bafilomycin A1, a macrolide antibiotic. F1F0 ATPases from bacteria and mitochondria are not affected by this antibiotic. In contrast, E1E2 ATPases--e.g., the K+-dependent (Kdp) ATPase from Escherichia coli, the Na+,K+-ATPase from ox brain, and the Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum--are moderately sensitive to this inhibitor. Finally, membrane ATPases from Neurospora vacuoles, chromaffin granules, and plant vacuoles are extremely sensitive. From this we conclude that bafilomycin A1 is a valuable tool for distinguishing among the three different types of ATPases and represents the first relatively specific potent inhibitor of vacuolar ATPases.
Urinary trypsin inhibitor reduces LPS-induced hypotension by suppressing tumor necrosis factor-α production through inhibition of Egr-1 expression (2004)

Although urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) has been shown to inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha- production, the detailed mechanism(s) remains unclear. This study was undertaken to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying this inhibitory effect in monocytes in vitro and in rats given lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TNF-alpha production by monocytes stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml) was inhibited by UTI at concentrations higher than 100 U/ml. Expression of early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1) and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 in monocytes stimulated with LPS were inhibited by UTI. UTI (50,000 U/kg i.v.) inhibited LPS (5 mg/kg i.v.)-induced increases in lung tissue levels of Egr-1, TNF-alpha mRNA, and TNF-alpha in rats. UTI inhibited LPS-induced hypotension by inhibiting pulmonary induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We previously demonstrated that anti-TNF-alpha antibody and aminoguanidine, a selective inhibitor of iNOS, reduced LPS-induced hypotension in this animal model. Furthermore, we also reported that reduction of LPS-induced coagulation abnormalities in rats did not affect inflammatory responses and hypotension in this animal model. Taken together, these observations strongly suggested that UTI inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha by inhibiting activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2-Egr-1 pathway in monocytes, which might at least partly contribute to reduction of hypotension through inhibition of iNOS induction in rats given LPS.
A comparative study of postoperative adhesions following laser surgery by laparoscopy versus laparotomy in the rabbit model. (1989)

In this study, we tested the null hypothesis that intraperitoneal adhesion formation and reduction after laser surgery are the same whether the surgery is performed by laparoscopy or laparotomy. Twenty rabbits were randomly assigned to either laparoscopy or laparotomy and subjected to standardized laser incisions over one uterine horn and over the peritoneal surface of either lower quadrant. Three weeks later, five animals from each group underwent laparoscopy and the other five received laparotomy to score the extent of postoperative adhesions formed and to carry out laser adhesiolysis. The same power density was delivered to tissues in both procedures. Three weeks after the second operative intervention, the animals were killed and the intraperitoneal adhesions blindly scored (scale of 0-3). After the initial procedure, adhesions were absent in the laparoscopy group, but in the laparotomy group, adhesions were frequently present not only at the operative sites of the peritoneal surfaces and uterine horn, but also on the bowel, bladder, and opposite uterine horn where no apparent injury had been inflicted (P less than .005). Three weeks after adhesiolysis, a significant reduction was observed in the mean adhesion scores in the laparoscopy group, but not in the laparotomy group (P = .001). These results lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis and confirm the clinical observation that besides reducing operative trauma, discomfort, and cost, laparoscopic laser surgery is very effective in reducing intraperitoneal adhesions and causes significantly less postoperative adhesion formation than does laparotomy.
Chondroprotective effect of intraarticular injections of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist in experimental osteoarthritis. Suppression of collagenase‐1 expression (1996)

This study demonstrated that intraarticular injections of rHuIL-1Ra can protect against the development of experimentally induced OA lesions. This effect could result, at least in part, from a reduction of collagenase-1 expression. However, other catabolic processes involved in the degradation of OA cartilage may also be affected.
Enantio- and regiospecific partial hydrolysis of racemic diol diacetates by pig liver esterase (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantio- and regiospecific partial hydrolysis of racemic diol diacetates by pig liver esteraseY. Koteswar Rao, Chien Kuang Chen, and Josef FriedCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7, 1882–1886Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00059a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00059a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Self-reported quality of life in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and maculopathy of Bothnia type (2010)

The NEI VFQ-25 subscales were well associated with clinical vision measures depending on VA. The progression of VF defects typical for the BD phenotype does not seem to affect the self-perceived quality of life, which might indicate adaptability to this type of progressive VF loss. The BD phenotype has a significant impact on multiple domains of daily life, but there are no signs of accelerating depression related to the increasing visual impairment.
Development of Indole Compounds as Small Molecule Fusion Inhibitors Targeting HIV-1 Glycoprotein-41 (2011)

Nonpeptide inhibition of fusion remains an important goal in anti-HIV research, due to its potential for low cost prophylaxis or prevention of cell-cell transmission of the virus. We report here on a series of indole compounds that have been identified as fusion inhibitors of gp41 through a structure-based drug design approach. Experimental binding affinities of the compounds for the hydrophobic pocket were strongly correlated to fusion inhibitory data (R(2) = 0.91), and corresponding inhibition of viral replication confirmed the hydrophobic pocket as a valid target for low molecular weight fusion inhibitors. The most active compound bound to the hydrophobic pocket and inhibited cell-cell fusion and viral replication at submicromolar levels. A common binding mode for the inhibitors in this series was established by carrying out docking studies using structures of gp41 in the Protein Data Bank. The molecules were flexible enough to conform to the contours of the pocket, and the most active compound was able to adopt a structure mimicking the hydrophobic contacts of the D-peptide PIE7. The results enhance our understanding of indole compounds as inhibitors of gp41.