gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser Capture Microdissection of Epithelial Cancers Guided by Antibodies Against Fibroblast Activation Protein and Endosialin (2006)

Transcriptional profiling of cancer biopsies is used extensively to identify expression signatures for specific cancer types, diagnostic and prognostic subgroups, and novel molecular targets for therapy. To broaden these applications, several challenges remain. For example, the integrity of RNA extracted even from small tissue samples has to be insured and monitored. Moreover, total tumor RNA may hide the marked histologic heterogeneity of human cancers. A principle approach to this heterogeneity has been provided by laser capture microdissection performed on antibody-stained tissue sections (immuno-LCM; iLCM). In this study, we have established a procedure to assess the quality of RNA obtained from tissue sections, coupled with immunostaining using antibodies to different tumor stromal markers, and subsequent iLCM to selectively capture the cancer stroma compartments. The procedure was applied to 53 frozen specimens of human epithelial cancers. Sections were stained for histopathological evaluation, and RNA was isolated from adjacent serial sections. RNA quality was assessed by the Agilent-Bioanalyzer (Agilent, Palo Alto, CA) and by multiplex RT-PCR. Two thirds of the specimens were found to yield good to excellent RNA quality. For microdissection of the tumor stroma with reactive fibroblasts and tumor blood vessels, a rapid incubation protocol with antibodies against fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and against endosialin was developed to ensure RNA integrity for subsequent iLCM. Using these procedures, RNA from distinct tumor compartments can be isolated, analyzed, amplified, and used for transcription profiling.
Internal statistics of a single natural image (2011)

Statistics of `natural images' provides useful priors for solving under-constrained problems in Computer Vision. Such statistics is usually obtained from large collections of natural images. We claim that the substantial internal data redundancy within a single natural image (e.g., recurrence of small image patches), gives rise to powerful internal statistics, obtained directly from the image itself. While internal patch recurrence has been used in various applications, we provide a parametric quantification of this property. We show that the likelihood of an image patch to recur at another image location can be expressed parametricly as a function of the spatial distance from the patch, and its gradient content. This “internal parametric prior” is used to improve existing algorithms that rely on patch recurrence. Moreover, we show that internal image-specific statistics is often more powerful than general external statistics, giving rise to more powerful image-specific priors. In particular: (i) Patches tend to recur much more frequently (densely) inside the same image, than in any random external collection of natural images. (ii) To find an equally good external representative patch for all the patches of an image, requires an external database of hundreds of natural images. (iii) Internal statistics often has stronger predictive power than external statistics, indicating that it may potentially give rise to more powerful image-specific priors.
The renin-angiotensin system in the brain. Localization and functional significance. (1993)

Many neuropeptides have been localized in brain areas involved in cardiovascular regulation. In some cases, regulatory systems which have been originally described in other organs have been found in the brain. A prominent member of this group is the renin-angiotensin system. All of its known components have been localized in the central nervous system and angiotensin II has numerous actions in the central regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. In addition there are actions which go beyond an active role in the control of blood pressure; these include behavioural actions and the regulation of thirst. The brain renin angiotensin system interacts with other neurotransmitters such as the catecholaminergic system and may act as a neuromodulator.
Isolation and functional characterization of the actin‐binding region in the tight junction protein ZO‐1 (2002)

Zonula occludens (ZO)-1 is a member of the MAGUK (membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologs) family of membrane-associated signaling molecules that binds directly to both cytosolic and transmembrane components of the tight junction and is believed to organize these proteins within the apical junctional complex. It also binds directly to F-actin, although the functional relevance of this interaction is unknown. To address this issue, we have used VSVG-tagged transgenes to dissect ZO-1 and have identified a 220 amino acid region of ZO-1 that is necessary for its association with F-actin in MDCK cell pull-down assays. A GST fusion expressing this region can bind directly to F-actin in vitro, whereas a GFP fusion expressing this domain decorates actin stress fibers when expressed in MDCK cells. These results indicate that this actin-binding region (ABR) is both necessary and sufficient for binding to F-actin in vitro and in vivo. VSVG-tagged transgenes that lack the ABR still accumulate at both early and late cell-cell contacts in MDCK cells, suggesting that the ABR is not required for tight junction localization. However, accumulation of constructs lacking the ABR is markedly reduced at tight junctions in confluent cells, suggesting that the ABR does play an important role in the localization of ZO-1 at junctions. Furthermore, the ABR is required for localization to a novel actin-rich pool of ZO-1 that accumulates in puncta at the free edge of cells before initiation of cell-cell contact. We conclude that direct interactions between ZO-1 and F-actin play a role in several different steps of junction assembly.
Expression of FLT3 receptor and FLT3-ligand in human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines. (1995)

The FLT3 gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that is closely related to two well-known receptors, KIT and FMS, that regulate with their respective ligands, stem cell factor (SCF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. The ligand for FLT3, FL, is active in both soluble and membrane-bound forms. We examined expression of FL and FLT3 mRNA in a panel of some 110 continuous human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines from all major hematopoietic cell lineages by Northern blot analysis. FLT3 mRNA is expressed primarily in pre-B cell lines, myeloid and monocytic cell lines whereas FL mRNA was detected in most cell lines from all cell lineages. Analysis of FLT3 receptor protein expression examined with a specific anti-FLT3 monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry in 17 cell lines confirmed the results obtained at the mRNA level. Forty of 110 cell lines displayed both receptor and ligand mRNA suggesting a possible autocrine or intracrine stimulation. In normal hematopoietic cells expression of FLT3 was reported to be associated with CD34 positivity, a cell surface marker of immature and precursor cells. No correlation between FLT3 and CD34 expression was found in the cell lines analyzed. These studies served to illustrate further the importance of the FL-FLT3 ligand-receptor system in the regulation of hematopoietic cells.
The covalent attachment of multiple fluorophores to DNA containing phosphorothioate diesters results in highly sensitive detection of single-stranded DNA (1991)

DNA fragments containing multiple internucleotidic phosphorothioate diesters, prepared by either chemical or enzymatic syntheses, are amenable to labeling with the fluorophore monobromobimane. With the incorporation of phosphorothioate diesters at each internucleotidic site, multiple fluorophores, ideally one for each nucleotide residue, can be covalently attached to the DNA fragment. The presence of multiple labels can be expected to interfere with analysis techniques, such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. To avoid such problems, the fluorophores are introduced in a "postassay" fashion, that is, while the fragments are still embedded within the gel matrix. The detection limit (to the naked eye) for multiply labeled single-stranded DNA containing hundreds of base residues is in the low femtomole range. DNA containing greater than 1000 base residues can be visualized in some cases in the subfemtomole range without the use of sophisticated electronic instrumentation.
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins: complex gene families regulating maternal-fetal interactions (2014)

The pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are the most abundant trophoblastic proteins in maternal blood during human pregnancy and they appear to be exclusive to species with hemochorial placentation. There are ten protein-coding human PSG genes (PSG1 - PSG9, PSG11) and also multiple PSG genes in non-human primates, rodents and bats. Several studies indicate that PSGs have immunoregulatory, pro-angiogenic, and anti-platelet functions. Some PSGs have been shown to bind different moieties on the surface of cells, including the tetraspanin CD9, heparan sulphate, and specific integrins. Recently, PSG1 was shown to associate with and activate the anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF- β2 making PSG1 one of the few known biological activators of these important cytokines. TGF-βs regulate many biological processes essential for pregnancy success including trophoblast invasion and proliferation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix formation and tolerance to the fetal semi-allograft. As summarized in this review, progress has been made in recent years towards a better understanding of the functions of these proteins which were originally described in the early 1970s, but more research will likely contribute to demonstrate their importance for a successful pregnancy.
Strain Hardening and Strain Softening of Reversibly Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polymer Networks (2011)

The large amplitude oscillatory shear behavior of metallo-supramolecular polymer networks formed by adding bis-Pd(II) cross-linkers to poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution is reported. The influence of scanning frequency, dissociation rate of cross-linkers, concentration of cross-linkers, and concentration of PVP solution on the large amplitude oscillatory shear behavior is explored. In semidilute unentangled PVP solutions, above a critical scanning frequency, strain hardening of both storage moduli and loss moduli is observed. In the semidilute entangled regime of PVP solution, however, strain softening is observed for samples with faster cross-linkers (k(d) ∼ 1450 s(-1)), whereas strain hardening is observed for samples with slower cross-linkers (k(d) ∼ 17 s(-1)). The mechanism of strain hardening is attributed primarily to a strain-induced increase in the number of elastically active chains, with possible contributions from non-Gaussian stretching of polymer chains at strains approaching network fracture. The divergent strain softening of samples with faster cross-linkers in semidilute entangled PVP solutions, relative to the strain hardening of samples with slower cross-linkers, is consistent with observed shear thinning/shear thickening behavior reported previously and is attributed to the fact that the average time that a cross-linker remains detached is too short to permit the local relaxation of polymer chain segments that is necessary for a net conversion of elastically inactive to elastically active cross-linkers. These and other observations paint a picture in which strain softening and shear thinning arise from the same set of molecular mechanisms, conceptually uniting the two nonlinear responses for this system.
High lithium ion conductivity of Li7La3Zr2O12 synthesized by solid state reaction (2014)

A lithium ion conductor with the garnet-type structure, Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ), showing a high Li+ conductivity of 0.49 mS cm− 1 at 25 °C, is synthesized via milling (500 rpm, 12 h) and following sintering at 1125 °C for 20 h. The improved Li+ conductivity is attributed to the decrease of the particle size, the uniform distribution of particles before sintering, the high concentration of Li+ in the octahedral site (96h), and low occupancies of Li+ in the tetrahedral site (24d). Also, it is found that the cubic phase of LLZ is stabilized by a contamination of Al3 + ion into the LLZ lattice. The structural position of Al3 + is verified to be in the tetrahedral site (24d) by analyzing SEM images, MAS NMR, Pawley refinement using X-ray powder diffraction, and structural refinement using neutron powder diffraction data.
Isolation of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum from amniotic fluid at 16-20 weeks of gestation: potential effect on outcome of pregnancy. (1984)

Samples from 61 amniotic fluids (33 discolored and 28 clear) collected by amniocentesis between 16 and 20 weeks gestation were cultured for microorganisms. Two of the discolored fluids were positive for Mycoplasma hominis, and two were positive for Ureaplasma urealyticum. Neither organism was isolated from samples of clear amniotic fluids. No other bacteria, viruses, or chlamydiae were isolated from fluids of any patient. The results prove that both M. hominis and U. urealyticum can infect the amnionic sac early in gestation without rupture of the fetal membranes. U. urealyticum was shown to cause a clinically silent, chronic (up to two months) intrauterine infection characterized by an intense inflammatory response. Complications in three of the four patients from whom mycoplasmas were isolated suggest, but do not prove, that mycoplasmal infection of amniotic fluid may have an adverse effect on outcome of pregnancy. Further studies are necessary to substantiate this implication and to determine the relationship between infection and discoloration of amniotic fluid.
Vaccinia virus vectors: new strategies for producing recombinant vaccines. (1990)

The development and continued refinement of techniques for the efficient insertion and expression of heterologous DNA sequences from within the genomic context of infectious vaccinia virus recombinants are among the most promising current approaches towards effective immunoprophylaxis against a variety of protozoan, viral, and bacterial human pathogens. Because of its medical relevance, this area is the subject of intense research interest and has evolved rapidly during the past several years. This review (i) provides an updated overview of the technology that exists for assembling recombinant vaccinia virus strains, (ii) discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches, (iii) outlines the areas of outgoing research directed towards overcoming the limitations of current techniques, and (iv) provides some insight (i.e., speculation) about probable future refinements in the use of vaccinia virus as a vector.
Structure-Activity of Tetrad-forming Oligonucleotides as a Potent Anti-HIV Therapeutic Drug (1998)

Recently, we have described the design and characterization of oligonucleotides containing only G and T bases, i.e. T30695 and T30177, that are potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in culture (Jing, N., Rando, R. F., Pommier, Y., and Hogan, M. E. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 12498-12505). To understand that observation and to rationalize the generally high thermal stability of oligonucleotide folding for these compounds, we have used NMR methods, coupled to molecular modeling, to obtain a high resolution structure model for T30695, which is the most potent of the integrase inhibitors that have been identified thus far. Modeling and NMR data obtained in the presence of Li+ ions show that T30695 assumes an intramolecular fold with a distorted G-octet core and a set of three open, partially disordered loops. This is referred to as Li+-form structure. The NMR-based model suggests that, upon coordination with three K+ equivalents, the central G-octet becomes more regular and that the loop domains become orderly and compact. This is referred to as K+-form structure. Based upon the assay of inhibition of HIV-1 integrase, T30695 demonstrated a strong inhibition of HIV-1 integrase activity as the K+-form structure, but a poor inhibition of HIV-1 integrase activity as the Li+-form structure. The structure/activity analysis suggests that the K+-induced conformation transition of the tetrad-forming oligonucleotides, such as T30695 and T30177, plays a key role in inhibition of HIV-1 integrase activity.
21세기 춤 환경과 국립 무용단의 창작 방향 (2003)

The 21st century is referred to as the century of cultures and arts. And the development of high technology enriched theatrical...
Cell-activation responses to cytomegalovirus infection relationship to the phasing of CMV replication and to the induction of cellular damage. (1989)

Evidence for the presence of cytomegaloviruses (CMV) as pathogenic agents in man was first obtained by examination of tissues derived from still-born infants that demonstrated severe developmental abnormalities (Jesionek and Kiolemenoglou, 1904; Ribbert, 1904; Lowenstein, 1907). The salivary glands and other tissues of these infants contained enlarged cells with prominent nuclear inclusions (NI) that were eventually recognized as pathognomonic for this disease, i.e., cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID). It was not until about half a century after the initial descriptions of the cytomegalic cells that the virus responsible for these manifestations was isolated and partially characterized (Smith, 1956; Rowe et al., 1956, Weller et al., 1957). Cell cultures infected with freshly isolated or laboratory-adapted CMV demonstrated the characteristic enlarged cells with eosinophilic NI (Weller et al., 1957). Noting the unique and characteristic features of the cytopathology induced by these viruses, Weller et al. (1960) suggested that this group of viruses be renamed cytomegaloviruses (CMV).KeywordsHuman CytomegalovirusHerpes Simplex VirusPremature Chromosome CondensationAbortive InfectionCytomegalic Inclusion DiseaseThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
<title>Fusion of multisensor passive and active 3D imagery</title> (2001)

We have extended our previous capabilities for fusion of multiple passive imaging sensors to now include 3D imagery obtained from a prototype flash ladar. Real-time fusion of low-light visible + uncooled LWIR + 3D LADAR, and SWIR + LWIR + 3D LADAR is demonstrated. Fused visualization is achieved by opponent-color neural networks for passive image fusion, which is then textured upon segmented object surfaces derived from the 3D data. An interactive viewer, coded in Java3D, is used to examine the 3D fused scene in stereo. Interactive designation, learning, recognition and search for targets, based on fused passive + 3D signatures, is achieved using Fuzzy ARTMAP neural networks with a Java-coded GUI. A client-server web-based architecture enables remote users to interact with fused 3D imagery via a wireless palmtop computer.
The Antiaggregating and Antithrombotic Activity of Ticlopidine Is Potentiated by Aspirin in the Rat (1996)

Since ticlopidine specifically inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation without affecting prostaglandin metabolism, it seemed interesting to evaluate the effect of aspirin with regard to the antithrombotic efficacy of ticlopidine. Ticlopidine was administered orally to rats alone or in combination with aspirin and the efficacy of the association was determined in several experimental models. A synergistic effect of the ticlopidine/aspirin association was demonstrated with regard to ADP-and collagen-induced platelet aggregation measured ex vivo but also in several experimental thrombosis models including silk thread-induced thrombosis in an arteriovenous shunt, wire coil-induced thrombosis and 111In-labelled platelet deposition on the subendothelium following air drying injury of the rat carotid artery. Similar results were obtained with regard to myointimal proliferation following air-induced injury of the rat carotid artery which occurred as a consequence of vascular injury. The ticlopidine/aspirin combination showed only additive-type effects on bleeding time prolongation induced by tail transection in the rat.
[Measuring EEG complexity for studying the state of mental load]. (1997)

The complexity defined by Lemple and Ziv (1976) represents the degree of the sequence randomness. In this paper, the complexity of EEG under different mental loads was measured and the relation between the brain active state and the EEG complexity was analyzed. The results showed a statistically strong relation between the mental load and the EEG complexity. Further study showed that the heavier the mental load was the smaller the EEG complexity became. This correlation was especially apparent in the frontal lobe, and the complexity of EEG might be regarded as one of the parameters representing the functional state of the brain. The results indicate that EEG complexity represents the active state of brain in processing information, and the measurement of EEG complexity may provide a new path to the research in the advanced cognitive function of the human brain.
Quasi real-time Raman studies on the growth of Cu–In–S thin films (2004)

In this work annealing and growth of CuInS2 thin films is investigated with quasireal-time in situ Raman spectroscopy. During the annealing a shift of the Raman A1 mode towards lower wave numbers with increasing temperature is observed. A linear temperature dependence of the phonon branch of −2 cm−1/100 K is evaluated. The investigation of the growth process (sulfurization of metallic precursors) with high surface sensitivity reveals the occurrence of phases which are not detected with bulk sensitive methods. This allows a detailed insight in the formation of the CuInS2 phases. Independent from stoichiometry and doping of the starting precursors the CuAu ordering of CuInS2 initially forms as the dominating ordering. The transformation of the CuAu ordering into the chalcopyrite one is, in contrast, strongly dependent on the precursor composition and requires high temperatures.
Recent Developments in European Colloid Solutions (2003)

Coagulopathy resulting from hydroxyethyl starch (HES) administration is well documented for high-molecular-weight, highly substituted HES solutions. These are the only starch-based synthetic colloids approved for volume replacement in the United States. Recent developments in European colloid solutions revolve around designing new starch molecules. By increasing the C2:C6 ratio and decreasing the molar substitution to 0.4, a new HES with a molecular weight of 130,000 was introduced. This solution is without significant influence on coagulation. Actual experimental work is concentrating on modulating the inflammatory response of monocytes and endothelial cells after infusion of colloid solutions. This may help prevent or even correct capillary leak, and the intravascular persistence of infused colloidal might be prolonged.
Axoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release causes secondary degeneration of spinal axons (2014)

Ca(2+) release from intra-axonal Ca(2+) stores, distributed along the length of the axon, contributes significantly to secondary degeneration of axons. This refocuses our approach to protecting spinal white matter tracts, where emphasis has been placed on limiting Ca(2+) entry from the extracellular space across cell membranes, and emphasizes that modulation of axonal Ca(2+) stores may be a key pharmacotherapeutic goal in spinal cord injury.