gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1 receptor blockade reduces the number and size of murine B16 melanoma hepatic metastases. (1994)

Hepatic metastasis in melanoma is affected by processes of tumor cell adhesion to sinusoidal cells, avoidance of cytotoxic cells, and local growth-promoting activity. A role for interleukin-1 (IL-1) in these events was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by specifically blocking IL-1 receptors using the naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). At 10- and 100-fold molar excess, IL-1Ra reduced the IL-1-mediated adhesion of B16 melanoma cells to cultured hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells by 60 and 100%, respectively. Conditioned media derived from murine hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells contain growth-promoting activity for B16 cells, and IL-1 increased its production 2.5-fold (P < 0.01). The addition of IL-1Ra to sinusoidal cells reduced the spontaneous release of the growth-promoting activity by 32% (P < 0.05). In addition, blocking IL-1 receptors on melanoma cells reduced their responsiveness to endothelial-conditioned medium (P < 0.05). A single dose of IL-1Ra (0.5 mg/kg) given to mice i.p. 2 h prior to intrasplenic injection of melanoma cells reduced the number of hepatic metastases by 50% and the metastatic volume by 70% compared to vehicle-injected controls (P < 0.01). When given 2, 4, and 6 days after the injection of tumor cells, IL-1Ra reduced the volume of metastases by 58% (P < 0.01). Fifty % of mice pretreated with 0.5 mg/kg IL-1Ra and given 3 additional doses on days 2, 4, and 6 died after 13.5 +/- 0.4 days compared to 11.3 +/- 0.2 days for controls (P < 0.01). In mice pretreated and given 10 daily doses at 5 mg/kg, there was an 80% reduction in hepatic metastases. Using this regimen, survival was 18.1 +/- 2.4 days in the IL-1Ra group and 11.2 +/- 1.5 in controls (P < 0.001). These studies demonstrate a significant role for IL-1 in implantation and growth of metastatic melanoma in the liver.
Theoretical study of time-dependent, ultrasound-induced acoustic streaming in microchannels (2015)

Based on first- and second-order perturbation theory, we present a numerical study of the temporal buildup and decay of unsteady acoustic fields and acoustic streaming flows actuated by vibrating walls in the transverse cross-sectional plane of a long straight microchannel under adiabatic conditions and assuming temperature-independent material parameters. The unsteady streaming flow is obtained by averaging the time-dependent velocity field over one oscillation period, and as time increases, it is shown to converge towards the well-known steady time-averaged solution calculated in the frequency domain. Scaling analysis reveals that the acoustic resonance builds up much faster than the acoustic streaming, implying that the radiation force may dominate over the drag force from streaming even for small particles. However, our numerical time-dependent analysis indicates that pulsed actuation does not reduce streaming significantly due to its slow decay. Our analysis also shows that for an acoustic resonance with a quality factor Q, the amplitude of the oscillating second-order velocity component is Q times larger than the usual second-order steady time-averaged velocity component. Consequently, the well-known criterion v(1)≪c(s) for the validity of the perturbation expansion is replaced by the more restrictive criterion v(1)≪c(s)/Q. Our numerical model is available as supplemental material in the form of comsol model files and matlab scripts.
Distribution-free tests of subhypotheses (1985)

This work investigates the problem of devising a permutation test of the subhypothesis H : So = 0 in the linear model Whilst permutation tests have already been proposed for special cases of (l) -such as for the Randomized Block Design by Pitman [3], and for the case of testing the full hypothesis (where X is a column of l's ) by Box and Watson [7], no permutation test has previously been put forward for the general model. To construct a test for the general case, recursive residuals (Brown, Durbin and Evans [2]) are used. It is argued that under H : 3 2 = 0 > sets of recursive residuals obtained from different orderings of the data are exchangeable.
Application of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane as a molecular adhesive in the fabrication of vapor-deposited gold electrodes on glass substrates (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane as a molecular adhesive in the fabrication of vapor-deposited gold electrodes on glass substratesCharles A. Goss, Deborah H. Charych, and Marcin. MajdaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 1, 85–88Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00001a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00001a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4781Altmetric-Citations297LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Porcine circovirus structure and replication: a minireview (2020)

Porcine circoviruses (PCV) are nonenveloped, and have covalently linked circular single stranded (ss) DNA genome. They are the smallest animal viruses capable of independent replication. Circoviruses are thought to use a rolling circle strategy for DNA replication, a unique feature among animal viruses. Three major viral proteins were identified in PCV infected cells: Rep and Rep', involved in genome replication, and the capsid protein. Porcine circoviruses have to rely heavily on the host cell machinery for their replication. Although PCV1 was described in 1974, interest in these viruses has significantly increased only in late nineties, when PCV2 was discovered and linked to several porcine disorders. Our knowledge of porcine circoviruses replication and the basis for their pathogenesis is still very limited.
Loss of Adhesion of Murine Erythroleukemia Cells to Fibronectin During Erythroid Differentiation (1984)

Uninduced murine erythroleukemia cells specifically attached to fibronectin-coated dishes but not to dishes coated with laminin or type I or IV collagen. Dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiation of these cells caused a dramatic decrease in adhesion to fibronectin that was correlated with synthesis of the erythrocyte glycoprotein "band III," a membrane marker of the differentiated erythrocyte. Loss or modification of fibronectin binding sites on the cell surface during erythroid differentiation may cause the release of reticulocytes from the interstitial matrix of bone marrow into the blood.
Neuropeptide Y localization in the rat amygdaloid complex (1986)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-, avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)-, and molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide (FMRF)-like immunoreactivity in the amygdaloid complex of the rat was investigated immunohistochemically. The distribution of each of these peptides within the amygdala is identical and cross-blocking studies indicate that all three antisera recognize the NPY antigen. Morphologically distinct populations of NPY immunoreactive neurons are differentially distributed in the medial amygdaloid nucleus and at the base of the stria terminalis. Dense plexuses of immunoreactive axons are present in the medial third of the central nucleus and in the dorsal half of the medial nucleus, with light to moderate fiber plexuses present in the lateral and basolateral nuclei and scattered axons present throughout the remainder of the amygdala. The distribution and appearance of NPY immunoreactive plexuses in the amygdala is similar to that described previously for noradrenergic axons arising from brainstem cell groups (Fallon, Koziell, and Moore: J. Comp. Neurol. 180:509-532, '78). However, injections of the noradrenergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine into the amygdala result in a complete loss of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) immunoreactivity in the amygdala and surrounding cortex but leave much of the NPY immunoreactive plexus intact. Similarly, lesions of the locus coeruleus deplete DBH immunoreactivity, leaving NPY-like immunoreactivity in the amygdala unaffected. These results indicate that much of the NPY immunoreactive plexus observed in the amygdala does not arise from brainstem sources in which NPY and noradrenaline are colocalized. Lesions of the stria terminalis or medial nucleus have no observable effect on the density or distribution of NPY immunoreactive terminal fields in the basal forebrain and hypothalamus, suggesting that immunoreactive neurons in the amygdaloid complex do not contribute significantly to this innervation.
Monaural Loudness Function at 1000 cps and Interaural Summation (1963)

A monaural loudness function is determined for 1000 cps and compared to a previously obtained binaural loudness function. Although the monaural function appears to have a somewhat smaller exponent than the binaural one, the empirical evidence does not permit rejection of the hypothesis of a simple interaural loudness summation. The psychophysical methods of magnitude estimation with and without a designated standard and of magnitude production without standards are used. A combination of magnitude estimation and production without standards is accepted as a method with minimum bias and classified under a more general methodological category called “psychological magnitude balance.”
[The therapeutic effect of pulsed electric field on experimental spinal cord injury]. (1992)

Pulsed electric field was used on 22 dogs with incomplete spinal cord injury for 8-10 weeks. Nerve cells, nerve fibres and astrocytes were identified by monoclonal antibody to neurofilament or glial fibrillary acidic protein. Morphometric analysis was used for axon counting and GFAP area ratio calculation. The result indicated that there were more axons in the treated group than in the control group at the distal part of injured site. The cellular distribution and patterns of the active and stable phases may be a pathological recovering mark of the injured spinal cord. We conclude that the pulsed electric field may promote sprouting and elongating of the regenerative nerve fibres and may also have some modulating effects on the interaction of growth cones and astrocytes. The pulsed electric field may be superior to the direct current field in some aspects.
A novel repeated element with Z-DNA-forming potential is widely found in evolutionarily diverse eukaryotic genomes. (1982)

By Southern blotting and hybridization analysis using 32P-labeled poly(dT-dG) . poly(dC-dA) as a probe, we have found, in eukaryotic genomes, a huge number of stretches of dT-dG alternating sequence, a sequence that has been shown to adopt the Z-DNA conformation under some conditions. This sequence was found in all eukaryotic genomes examined from yeast to human, indicating extraordinary evolutionary conservation. The number of the sequence ranged from about 100 in yeast to tens of thousands in higher eukaryotes. Comparison of nucleotide sequences of dT-dG alternating regions and its flanking regions in several cloned genes showed that the repeated element [the Z(T-G) element]] consists only of dT-dG alternating sequence with variable length. The presence of another purine-pyrimidine alternating sequence was also surveyed in eukaryotic genomes by Southern blot hybridization using 32P-labeled poly(dG-dC) . poly(dG-dC) as the probe. The stretches of dC-dG alternating sequence [the Z(C-G) element] were found to be moderately repetitive in human, mouse, and salmon genomes. However, a few and no copies of the Z(C-G) element were found in yeast and calf genomes, respectively. These results provide evidence for the abundance of potential Z-DNA-forming sequences in nature.
Degradation of Clavulanic Acid in Aqueous Alkaline Solution : Isolation and Structural Investigation of Degradation Products (1985)

The degradation of potassium clavulanate in a weakly alkaline aqueous solution has been investigated. Potassium clavulanate was degraded in 0.1 M Na2HPO4 solution at various temperatures. Four degradation products were isolated and their structures were elucidated as 2, 5-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) pyrazine (I), 3-methyl-2, 5-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) pyrazine (II), 3-(2-carboxyethyl)-2, 5-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) pyrazine (III). and 3-ethyl-2.5-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) pyrazine (IV) by mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the reaction solution indicated that the reaction at 60°C yielded all four pyrazine derivatives, whereas II was not formed at 35°C and III was not formed at 100°C. A reaction mechanism is proposed which involves 4-amino-3-oxobutanol (IX) as a key intermediate.
Efficiency improvements of silicon solar cells by the impurity photovoltaic effect (2002)

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of the impurity photovoltaic (IPV) effect for improving silicon solar cell efficiency. The authors' approach is better than previous analyses because of the improved treatment of generation and recombination via impurities, and because it includes the effects of optical competition and light trapping. The approach is applied to indium as the IPV effect impurity incorporated into an idealised silicon solar cell. The analysis is based on experimentally determined parameters for indium. Improvements of cell current, subgap spectral response and energy conversion efficiency are quantified. Their analysis reveals the importance of light trapping and proper selection of indium and dopant concentrations. For the first time, the IPV effect is shown to lead to improved solar cell efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Query optimization for selections using bitmaps (1999)

Bitmaps are popular indexes for data warehouse (DW) applications and most database management systems offer them today. This paper proposes query optimization strategies for selections using bitmaps. Both continuous and discrete selection criteria are considered. Query optimization strategies are categorized into static and dynamic. Static optimization strategies discussed are the optimal design of bitmaps, and algorithms based on tree and logical reduction. The dynamic optimization discussed is the approach of inclusion and exclusion for both bit-sliced indexes and encoded bitmap indexes.
N-Acetyl-Seryl-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Proline Ameliorates the Progression of Renal Dysfunction and Fibrosis in WKY Rats with Established Anti–Glomerular Basement Membrane Nephritis (2006)

N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP), which is hydrolyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme, is a natural regulator of hematopoiesis. Here it is shown that Ac-SDKP inhibits TGF-beta action in mesangial cells. Because TGF-beta is thought to play a pivotal role in the development and progression of glomerulonephritis, the therapeutic effects of Ac-SDKP on an established model of renal dysfunction and histologic alteration in Wistar-Kyoto rats with anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis was examined. Fourteen days after the induction of anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis, the rats were treated subcutaneously with Ac-SDKP at a dose of 1 mg/kg per d for 4 wk. Treatment with Ac-SDKP significantly improved proteinuria and renal dysfunction, including increased plasma blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and decreased creatinine clearance. Histologic examination showed severe glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in the vehicle-treated rats, whereas these histologic injuries were significantly ameliorated in rats that were treated with Ac-SDKP. The histologic improvements were accompanied by the suppression of gene and protein expression of fibronectin, interstitial collagen, and TGF-beta1 in the nephritic kidney. Furthermore, treatment with Ac-SDKP resulted in the inhibition of Smad2 phosphorylation, an increase in Smad7 expression in the kidney, and reduction of macrophage accumulation into the glomeruli and tubulointerstitium in nephritic rats. In conclusion, Ac-SDKP significantly ameliorated the progression of renal dysfunction and fibrosis even after the establishment of nephritis. The inhibitory effect of Ac-SDKP was mediated in part by the inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad signal transduction and the inflammatory response. These findings suggest that Ac-SDKP treatment may be a novel and useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of progressive renal diseases.
Age Variation of the 24-Hour Mean Plasma Concentrations of Androgens, Estrogens, and Gonadotropins in Normal Adult Men* (1982)

The 24-h mean plasma concentrations of androgens (dihydrotestosterone and total and free testosterone), estrogens (estrone and estradiol), and gonadotropins (LH and FSH) were measured in 35 healthy men, aged 21-85 yr, who were rigorously screened to exclude factors known or suspected to alter endocrine function. The plasma total testosterone concentration showed a slow continuous decline with age, decreasing about 35% between 21 and 85 yr of age; the free testosterone level was closely correlated with that of total testosterone over the entire observed concentration range. The concentrations of dihydrotestosterone, estrone, estradiol, and LH were age invariant. The concentration of FSH showed a continuous linear increase with age; the level at age 85 was about 2.5 times the level at age 21. The following conclusions were drawn. 1) Testosterone secretion appears to decline slowly and continuously throughout adult life in men. 2) Measurement of the plasma free testosterone level adds no independent information in healthy men, since its level is closely correlated with that of total testosterone at all concentrations. 3) The continuous rise with age in FSH concentration while LH is age invariant cannot be explained by changes in testosterone or estrogen production, but might be due to a decline of inhibin production with age.
Evaluating cell lines as tumour models by comparison of genomic profiles (2013)

Cancer cell lines are frequently used as in vitro tumour models. Recent molecular profiles of hundreds of cell lines from The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and thousands of tumour samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas now allow a systematic genomic comparison of cell lines and tumours. Here we analyse a panel of 47 ovarian cancer cell lines and identify those that have the highest genetic similarity to ovarian tumours. Our comparison of copy-number changes, mutations and mRNA expression profiles reveals pronounced differences in molecular profiles between commonly used ovarian cancer cell lines and high-grade serous ovarian cancer tumour samples. We identify several rarely used cell lines that more closely resemble cognate tumour profiles than commonly used cell lines, and we propose these lines as the most suitable models of ovarian cancer. Our results indicate that the gap between cell lines and tumours can be bridged by genomically informed choices of cell line models for all tumour types.
IL-21 enhances natural killer cell activation in response to antibody-coated tumor cells (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

633 

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that are unique due to their constitutive expression of an activating receptor for the Fc portion of IgG (FcγRIIIa). FcR-activated NK cells have been shown to secrete interferon (IFN)-γ and other immune modulatory cytokines, and are also able to mediate antibody-dependant cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against antibody (Ab)-coated targets. Interleukin (IL)-21 is a recently discovered cytokine that has been shown to enhance NK cell IFN-γ secretion and lytic activity. The present study investigated NK cell activity in response to dual stimulation by IL-21 and Ab-coated targets. Purified human NK cells cultured with IL-21 and immobilized IgG or human breast cancer cells coated with a therapeutic monoclonal Ab (trastuzumab) secreted > 5-fold higher levels of IFN-γ as compared to NK cells stimulated with either mAb-coated tumor cells or IL-21 alone. Enhanced secretion of TNF-α and the T cell-recruiting chemokines IL-8, MIP-1α, IP-10, MIG, and RANTES was also observed in response to co-stimulation. Supernatants derived from NK cells that had been stimulated with IL-21 and monoclonal Ab (mAb)-coated breast cancer cells were able to drive the migration of both naive and activated T cells in an in vitro chemotaxis assay. NK cell production of IFN-γ in response to mAb-coated tumor cells and IL-21 was dependent on activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1 and the p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), as IFN-γ production was not observed from NK cells from STAT-1 knockout mice or NK cells that had been pre-treated with a specific chemical inhibitor of the p44/p42 MAPK. In contrast, IFN-γ production by co-stimulated NK cells was not dependent on activation of Akt or the MAPK family members p38 and Jnk. In addition, the p44/p42 MAPK was activated following FcγRIIIa ligation in STAT1-knockout NK cells, and STAT-1 was activated in response to IL-21 in NK cells pre-treated with the p44/p42 MAPK inhibitor. These results suggested that NK cell IFN-γ production in response to IL-21 and mAb-coated tumor cells was dependent on distinct and non-interacting signals mediated by the IL-21 receptor (STAT-1) and the FcR (p44/p42 MAPK) on the surface of NK cells. IL-21 also enhanced NK cell lytic activity against trastuzumab-coated human breast cancer cells and rituxan-coated B cell lymphomas. Co-administration of IL-21 and mAb-coated tumor cells to immunocompetent mice led to enhanced production of IFN-γ by NK cells. Furthermore, the administration of IL-21 significantly enhanced the effects of an anti-HER2/ neu mAb in a murine solid tumor model. These findings suggest that administration of IL-21 could enhance the innate immune response to anti-tumor mAbs in patients with cancer.
Peptides Which Bind to E-selectin and Block Neutrophil Adhesion (1995)

E-selectin is an inducible cell adhesion molecule which mediates rolling of neutrophils on the endothelium, an early event in the development of an inflammatory response. Inhibition of selectin-mediated rolling is a possible means for controlling inflammation-induced diseases, and several classes of compounds have been tested for this use. We describe here the use of recombinant peptide library screening for identification and optimization of novel ligands which bind to E-selectin. Several of these peptides bind with Kd values in the low nanomolar range and block E-selectin-mediated adhesion of neutrophils in static and flow-cell assays. Administration of the peptide to mice undergoing an acute inflammatory response reduced the extent of neutrophil transmigration to the site of inflammation, demonstrating the utility of this compound as a potential therapeutic. The identification of a peptide ligand for E-selectin suggests that the complete natural ligand for this adhesion molecule may include protein as well as carbohydrate moieties.