gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A set of endoplasmic reticulum proteins possessing properties of molecular chaperones includes Ca(2+)-binding proteins and members of the thioredoxin superfamily. (1994)

The major proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are thought to function in Ca2+ sequestration or as "molecular chaperones" in the folding and assembly of membrane or secreted proteins. Based on the ability of many chaperones to bind selectively to unfolded proteins and to dissociate from them upon ATP hydrolysis, we developed an affinity chromatography method to isolate proteins with these characteristics from pancreatic or liver ER. Seven ER proteins bound selectively to denatured protein columns and were specifically eluted by ATP (10(-6) M) but not by a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog. These proteins were identified with antibodies and microsequencing as the ER chaperone BiP (grp78), grp94, calreticulin, a novel 46-kDa protein that binds azido-ATP, as well as three members of the thioredoxin superfamily: protein-disulfide isomerase, ERp72, and a previously reported 50-kDa protein (p50). This set of seven proteins bound to and was eluted with ATP from a variety of denatured proteins, including histone, gelatin, alpha fetoprotein, thyroglobulin, lysozyme, casein, and IgG. The release of grp94, protein-disulfide isomerase, ERp72, calreticulin, and p50 was stimulated by Ca2+ in the presence of ATP. These proteins thus appear to function as Ca(2+)-dependent chaperones, which may account for the Ca2+ and ATP requirement for protein folding in the ER.
Novel amyloid precursor protein gene missense mutation (D678N) in probable familial Alzheimer's disease (2004)

The production and accumulation of mutated Abeta (Asn7-Abeta) or the misfunction of D678N mutant APP may have pathogenic properties for the development of Alzheimer's disease in this pedigree.
DUNE-a multilayer gridless routing system (2001)

Advances of very large scale integration technologies present two challenges for routing problems: (1) the higher integration of transistors due to shrinking of featuring size and (2) the requirement for off-grid routing due to the variable-width variable-spacing design rules imposed by optimization techniques. In this paper, we present a multilayer gridless detailed routing system for deep submicrometer physical designs. Our detailed routing system uses a hybrid approach consisting of two parts: (1) an efficient variable-width variable-spacing detailed routing engine and (2) a wire-planning algorithm providing high-level guidance as well as ripup and reroute capabilities. Our gridless routing engine is based on an efficient point-to-point gridless routing algorithm using an implicit representation of a nonuniform grid graph. We proved that such a graph guarantees a gridless connection of the minimum cost in multilayer variable-width and variable-spacing routing problem. A novel data structure using a two-level slit tree plus interval tree in combination of cache structure is developed to support efficient queries into the connection graph. Our experiments show that this data structure is very efficient in memory usage while very fast in answering maze expansion related queries. Our detailed routing system also features a coarse grid-based wire-planning algorithm that uses exact gridless design rules (variable-width and variable-spacing) to accurately estimate the routing resources and distribute nets into routing regions. The wire-planning method also enables efficient ripup and reroute in gridless routing. Unlike previous approaches for gridless routing that explore alternatives of blocked nets by gradually tightening the design rules, our planning-based approach can take the exact gridless rules and resolve the congestion and blockage at a higher level. Our experimental results show that using the wire-planning algorithm in our detailed routing system can improve the routability and also speed up the runtime by 3 to 17 times.
Increased CD11/CD18 expression on the peripheral blood leucocytes of patients with HIV disease: relationship to disease severity (1993)

In HIV disease increased adhesion between leucocytes themselves and between leucocytes and endothelium may contribute to cell loss and viral spread. Using a novel method for the preparation of blood leucocytes for flow cytometry, we report increased expression of leucocyte adhesion molecules (LeuCAMs) (CD11/CD18) on peripheral blood leucocytes of patients with HIV disease compared with normal controls. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of CD4 T lymphocyte numbers (those with > 0.5 x 10(9)/l and those with < 0.2 x 10(9)/l), and assessed for p24 antigen expression, viral load and serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels as well as LeuCAM expression. Patients with < 0.2 x 10(9)/lCD4 cells had more p24 antigen and more HIV infectious virus and more serum TNF than those with > 0.5 x 10(9)/l. Whilst the percentages of only monocytes and polymorphs expressing CD11b were significantly increased in patients with the least CD4 cells, the density of LeuCAMs, expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), was significantly increased on all leucocytes, with the most significant increases being seen on patients with the fewest CD4 T cells. Our findings are consistent with leucocyte activation by a soluble factor, although we could find no correlation between levels of TNF and LeuCAM expression. The increased expression of adhesion molecules on peripheral blood leucocytes could play a role in the cellular extravasation and aggregation seen in HIV disease.
Angiogenesis, microvascular architecture, microhemodynamics, and interstitial fluid pressure during early growth of human adenocarcinoma LS174T in SCID mice. (1992)

To date, most quantitative information on tumor angiogenesis, microcirculation, and transport has been derived from rodent tumors grown in transparent chamber preparations. In this paper we present a chamber technique adapted to immunodeficient mice for the study of human tumor xenografts. Microcirculatory parameters in severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing a dorsal skin fold chamber preparation were quantified using intravital microscopy and image analysis. The take rate of the human colon adenocarcinoma LS174T in the chamber preparation was 100%, and the tumor area doubling time was 6.5 days. Three days following implantation of 2 x 10(5) tumor cells onto the striated skin muscle, capillary sprouts were noted in the tumor cell mass. Microvasculature in the tumors was established after 10 days. Capillary density, vessel diameter, red blood cell velocity, and blood flow rates in individual microvessels measured on days 10, 14, 18, and 22 showed no statistical difference in the striated muscle (capillaries) and subcutaneous tissue (arterioles and venules) of the skin of tumor-free animals (N = 6), whereas these parameters increased slightly, but not significantly, in the LS174T tumors (N = 7). Mean interstitial fluid pressure (+/- SD) in these small tumors was 4.6 +/- 1.7 mmHg (N = 4) on day 10 and 5.1 +/- 0.9 mmHg (N = 4) on day 22 and significantly elevated compared to that in the subcutaneous and skin tissue (-0.9 +/- 0.8 mmHg) (N = 4) (P < 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first model enabling intravital microscopic studies of human tumor xenografts in a transparent chamber preparation in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Studies on angiogenesis, microcirculation, and transport using such a preparation should provide new insights into microcirculation-mediated mechanisms for cancer treatment.
Correction of the Nonlinear Dose Response Improves the Viability of Adenoviral Vectors for Gene Therapy of Fabry Disease (2002)

Systemic administration of recombinant adenoviral vectors for gene therapy of chronic diseases such as Fabry disease can be limited by dose-dependent toxicity. Because administration of a high dose of Ad2/CMVHI-alpha gal encoding human alpha-galactosidase A results in expression of supraphysiological levels of the enzyme, we sought to determine whether lower doses would suffice to correct the enzyme deficiency and lysosomal storage abnormality observed in Fabry mice. Reducing the dose of Ad2/CMVHI-alpha gal by 10-fold (from 10(11) to 10(10) particles/mouse) resulted in a greater than 200-fold loss in transgene expression. In Fabry mice, the reduced expression of alpha-galactosidase A, using the lower dose of Ad2/CMVHI-alpha gal, was associated with less than optimal clearance of the accumulated glycosphingolipid (GL-3) from the affected lysosomes. It was determined that this lack of linearity in dose response was not due to an inability to deliver the recombinant viral vectors to the liver but rather to sequestration, at least in part, of the viral vectors by the Kupffer cells. This lack of correlation between dose and expression levels could be obviated by supplementing the low dose of Ad2/CMVHI-alpha gal with an unrelated adenoviral vector or by depleting the Kupffer cells before administration of Ad2/CMVHI-alpha gal. Prior removal of the Kupffer cells, using clodronate liposomes, facilitated the use of a 100-fold lower dose of Ad2/CMVHI-alpha gal (10(9) particles/mouse) to effect the nearly complete clearance of GL-3 from the affected organs of Fabry mice. These results suggest that practical strategies that minimize the interaction between the recombinant adenoviral vectors and the reticuloendothelial system (RES) may improve the therapeutic window of this vector system. In this regard, we showed that pretreatment of mice with gamma globulins also resulted in significantly enhanced adenovirus-mediated transduction and expression of alpha-galactosidase A in the liver.
Antiphospholipid antibodies in cerebral ischemia. (1991)

In a 2-year prospective study of 146 patients with cerebral ischemia, we compared vascular risk factors for stroke with clinical and laboratory findings, particularly antiphospholipid antibodies. Ten patients (6.8%) were positive for at least one antiphospholipid antibody; one patient had systemic lupus erythematosus, one had rheumatoid arthritis, and the remaining eight fulfilled criteria for the diagnosis of primary antiphospholipid syndrome. These patients were predominantly male, not necessarily young, and 50% of them did not have any other vascular risk factors; there were no significant clinical or paraclinical differences between these patients and those without antiphospholipid antibodies. Outcome in the 10 patients was good, and platelet antiaggregating drugs proved to be useful in preventing further cerebrovascular ischemic events in our patients.
Disposition of the novel antitumour agent xanthenone-4-acetic acid in the mouse: Identification of metabolites and routes of elimination (1994)

1. Xanthenone-4-acetic acid (XAA) is an experimental antitumour agent which resembles flavone-8-acetic acid in its induction of cytokine synthesis, nitric oxide production and tumour haemorrhagic necrosis. We have investigated the excretion and metabolic fate of XAA in the BDF1 mouse. 2. XAA was administered intravenously at the maximal tolerated dose (1090 mumol/kg). Urine, plasma and bile were collected and subjected to analysis by hplc. Urine samples demonstrated labile metabolites which released XAA following incubation with beta-glucuronidase/sulphatase or at pH 9.0. The structures of isolated XAA metabolites were characterized by ms or 1H-NMR spectra at 400 MHz. 3. The major metabolite pathway of XAA involves conjugation with glucuronic acid, since the resulting metabolite, XAA acyl glucuronide, accounts for 25% of the dose excreted in the urine. Other metabolite pathways include alpha-oxidation of the acetic acid side chain and aromatic hydroxylation of the xanthenone ring.
CD146 (Mel-CAM), an adhesion marker of endothelial cells, is a novel marker of lymphocyte subset activation in normal peripheral blood (2005)

CD146, also known as S-endo-1, P1H12, Mel-CAM, and MUC18, is a well-described adhesion marker of endothelial cells, which has also been identified on a limited number of other cell types, but not in fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy individuals.[1][1],[2][2] Due to its presumed
Rock Properties of Berea Sandstone, Baker Dolomite, and Indiana Limestone (1991)

ABSTRACT A complete understanding of the various rock properties is essential in determining the rockfluid interactions that take place during coreflood experiments. Although Berea sandstone, Baker dolomite and Indiana limestone have been used by the petroleum industry as reference materials, very few data have been reported in the literature regarding their basic rock properties. This paper contains petrographic and petrophysical data for these rock types. Twelve representative samples were selected to study the variability and the relationship of several rock properties, including mineral content, grain and pore size, porosity, permeability, specific surface area, mercury capillary pressure, and electrokinetic properties. The results indicate: 1) the Upper Berea sandstone samples studied exhibit correlations between porosity, permeability, specific surface area, and various parameters obtained from the mercury capillary pressure analyses that may be used to predict certain rock properties, 2) Baker dolomite and Indiana limestone contain a small amount of clays and organic matter, 3) These carbonates show a bimodal pore throat size distribution based on mercury capillary pressure analyses, and 4) The surface charges of these rocks are very dependent on the brine composition and pH. The specific surface area and surface charge data can be used to determine the amount of chemical retention during corefloods using these or similar reservoir rocks. This information is necessary to optimize chemical processes used in the oilfield.
Increased expression of the high-affinity receptor for IgG (FcRI, CD64) on neutrophils in multiple myeloma. (1996)

The surface expression of effector cell molecules on neutrophils was examined in 19 patients with multiple myeloma (MM), 6 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 22 healthy control subjects. The expression of Fc receptors for IgG (FcR), complement receptors (CR), and cellular adhesion molecules on neutrophils was determined by flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies. MM neutrophils exhibited higher expression of FcRI, CR3, and CR4 and lower expression of FcRII and L-selectin than that in MGUS and controls. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, 50 micrograms/m2/d) was administered subcutaneously to 8 patients with MM and to 4 healthy volunteers. G-CSF administration increased the expression of FcRI, FcRII, and CR1 on neutrophils and decreased the expression of FcRIII on neutrophils in both groups. The application of G-CSF also resulted in increase of CR3 and CR4 expression and in decrease of L-selectin expression on neutrophils in healthy volunteers but not in MM patients. These findings suggest that MM neutrophils may be activate in vivo and that effector cell molecular expression on MM neutrophils is further modulated by G-CSF application.
Neoglycoconjugates : preparation and applications (1994)

Introduction: Neoglycoconjugates: General Considerations, C. Lee Enhanced Biochemical Affinities of Multivalent Neoglycoconjugates, Reiko T. Lee and Yuah Chuan Lee Preparation: Synthesis of Neoglycoconjugates, G. Magnusson, A.Y. Chernyak, J. Kihlberg and L.O. Kononov Glycopeptide Synthesis, M. Meldal Use of Aminoalditols and Glycosylamines in Neoglycoconjugate Synthesis, E. Kallin Noncovalent Neoglycoproteins, M.-C. Shao, C.K Sokolik, and F Wold Synthesis of Neoglycoconjugates Using Oliosaccharide-Transferring Activity of Ceramide Glycanase, X.Y-T. Li and S.-C. Li Carbohydrate-Containing Polystyrenes, K. Kobayashi, A. Kobayashi, S. Tobe, and T. Akaike Remodelling Glycopeptides for Affinity Labelling and Fluorescence Energy Transfer Studies, X.Y-T. Li and S.-C. L Applications: Synthetic Glycoconjugates as Human Vaccines, H.J. Jennings and R. K. Sood Hepatic Receptor Imaging Using Radio-labelled Asialoglycoprotein Analogues, M. Kudo, D.R. Vera, and R.C. Stadalnik Neoglycoproteins: Use in Tumour Diagnosis, H.-J. Gabius, U. Brinck, K. Kayser, A. Schauer, 1. Stiller, and S. Gabius Immobilised Glycoconjugates for Cell Recognition Studies, R. L. Schnaar Neoganglio-proteins: Probes for Endogenous Ganglioside Receptors, J.A. Mahoney and R.L. Schnaar Drug Delivery Systems Using Carbohydrate Recognition, T. Ouchi and Y. Ohya Determination of Epitope on Sugar Chains of Glycoproteins, T Endo and A. Kobata Delivery of Polynucleotides to Hepatocytes, A.W. Lee-Young, G.Y. Wu, and C.H. Wu.
Vector control of a grid-connected rectifier/inverter using an artificial neural network (2012)

Three-phase grid-connected converters are widely used in renewable and electric power system applications. Traditionally, grid-connected converters are controlled with standard decoupled d-q vector control mechanisms. However, recent studies indicate that such mechanisms show limitations. This paper investigates how to mitigate such problems using a neural network to control a grid-connected rectifier/inverter. The neural network implements a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm and is trained using backpropagation through time. The performance of the DP-based neural controller is studied for typical vector control conditions and compared with conventional vector control methods. The paper also investigates how varying grid and power converter system parameters may affect the performance and stability of the neural control system. Future research issues regarding the control of grid-connected converters using DP-based neural networks are analyzed.
Effect of Various Freezing Parameters on the Immediate Post‐Thaw Membrane Integrity of Adipose Tissue Derived Adult Stem Cells (2005)

The effect of four thermal parameters on post-thaw membrane integrity of adipose tissue derived adult stem (ADAS) cells after controlled-rate freezing was investigated with the help of a two-level four-parameter (2(4)) experimental design. The four thermal parameters studied were cooling rate (CR), end temperature (ET), hold time (HT), and thawing rate (TR). Several passages, including Passage-0 (P0), Passage-1 (P1), Passage-2 (P2), Passage-3 (P3), and Passage-4 (P4), obtained from the suspended culture of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of the ADAS cells were used for this study. The two levels (low and high) of the four parameters [CR (1 and 40 degrees C/min); ET (-80 and -20 degrees C); HT (1 and 15 min); and TR (10 and 200 degrees C/min)] are chosen in such a way that they enclosed all parameter values possible using commercially available controlled-rate freezing equipment. Individual effect of each parameter on the immediate post-thaw membrane integrity was determined through the calculation of parameter effect values (E), and any synergy among the parameters on post-thaw membrane integrity was assessed through the calculation of two or more parameter interaction effect values (I). Nonlinearity in the experimental results was represented through the calculation of curvature value (CV). The results suggest that for 99% confidence level the parameters CR and ET have considerable effect on post-thaw membrane integrity of all passages of ADAS cells. A significant individual effect of TR was observed with P3 and P4 cells and a significant two-parameter interaction was observed between CR-ET for all passages. These observed results will be used as a basis to further develop freezing storage protocols of ADAS cells.
Synthesis of Sphingosine Relatives, XII Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of the Two Epimeric Aliphatic Amino Alcohols [5E, 7E)‐2‐Amino‐5,7‐tetradecadien‐3‐ols] Isolated from a Sponge, Xestospongia sp. (1992)

Abstract (2 S , 3 S , 5 E , 7 E )‐ and (2 S , 3 R , 5 E , 7 E )‐2‐Amino‐5,7‐tetradecadien‐3‐ol [( S )‐ 1a and ( S )‐ 1b ], which were proposed as the structures of epimeric amino alcohols isolated from a marine sponge, and their two enantiomers were synthesized from ( S )‐ and ( R )‐alanine, respectively. The high‐field 1 H‐NMR spectra of the diacetyl derivatives of 1a , b were identical with those of the derivatives of naturally occurring amino alcohols. However, the absolute configurations of the natural products were corrected as (2 R ) by comparing the optical rotations of natural products with those of the synthetic products.
Metabolism of cationized lipoproteins by human fibroblasts: biochemical and morphologic correlations (1977)

Human plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) that had been rendered polycationic by coupling with N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediamine (DMPA) was shown by electron microscopy to bind in clusters to the surface of human fibroblasts. The clusters resembled those formed by polycationic ferritin (DMPA-feritin), a visual probe that binds to anionic site on the plasma membrane. Biochemical studies with (125)I-labeled DMPA-LDL showed that the membrane-bound lipoprotein was internalized and hydrolyzed in lysosomes. The turnover time for cell bound (125)I-DMPA-LDL, i.e., the time in which the amount of (125)I-DMPA-LDL degraded was equal to the steady-state cellular content of the lipoprotein, was about 50 h. Because the DMPA-LDL gained access to fibroblasts by binding nonspecifically to anionic sites on the cell surface rather than by binding to the physiologic LDL receptor, its uptake failed to be regulated under conditions in which the uptake of native LDL was reduced by feedback suppression of the LDL receptor. As a result, unlike the case with native LDL, the DMPA-LDL accumulated progressively within the cell, and this led to a massive increase in the cellular content of both free and esterified cholesterol. Studies with (14)C-oleate showed that at least 20 percent of the accumulated cholesteryl esters represented cholesterol that had been esterified within the cell. After 4 days of incubation with 10 mug/ml of DMPA-LDL, fibroblasts had accumulated so much cholesteryl ester that neutral lipid droplets were visible at the light microscope level with Oil Red O staining. By electron microscopy, these intracellular lipid droplets were observed to lack a tripartite limiting membrane. The ability to cause the overaccumulation of cholesteryl esters within cells by using DMPA-LDL provides a model system for study of the pathologic consequences at the cellular level of massive deposition of cholesteryl ester.
Multiple Biomarker Panels For Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer (2006)

Ovarian cancer is the eighth most common cause of cancer mortality in women. It is diagnosed in more than 20,000 women in the USA each year and approximately 15,000 women die of the disease annually. The majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage ovarian cancer, as this deadly disease causes minimal and nonspecific symptoms until late in the course of the disease. No standardized screening test exists to reliably detect ovarian cancer. Cancer antigen (CA)-125 is a protein antigen found at abnormally high levels in the blood of many women with ovarian cancer. Most healthy women have CA-125 levels of below 35 units/microl of blood serum. However, a number of noncancerous conditions can cause elevated CA 125 levels, and many women with early-stage ovarian cancer have normal CA-125 levels. Owing to these limitations, this test is not recommended for routine screening in women who are not at high risk or who do not have specific symptoms of the disease. Currently, many researchers are focusing on simultaneous examination of multiple markers to increase sensitivity of the screening test for early detection of ovarian cancer. Analysis of the current literature shows that combining several biomarkers dramatically improves sensitivity of CA-125 in ovarian cancer patients. This article provides a comprehensive overview of existing studies in the area of multimarker panel development for the early detection and monitoring of ovarian cancer. Our literature review demonstrates that a multimarker approach for the generation of a prototype assay for early detection of ovarian cancer has a great potential to lead to the development of a screening test for this disease.