gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulforaphane-stimulated phase II enzyme induction inhibits cytokine production by airway epithelial cells stimulated with diesel extract (2006)

Airborne particulate pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particles, are thought to exacerbate lung and cardiovascular diseases through induction of oxidative stress. Sulforaphane, derived from cruciferous vegetables, is the most potent known inducer of phase II enzymes involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics. We postulated that sulforaphane may be able to ameliorate the adverse effects of pollutants by upregulating expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Stimulation of bronchial epithelial cells with the chemical constituents of diesel particles result in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. We first demonstrated a role for phase II enzymes in regulating diesel effects by transfecting the airway epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) with the sentinel phase II enzyme NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). IL-8 production in response to diesel extract was significantly reduced in these compared with untransfected cells. We then examined whether sulforaphane would stimulate phase II induction and whether this would thereby ablate the effect of diesel extracts on cytokine production. We verified that sulforaphane significantly augmented expression of the phase II enzyme genes GSTM1 and NQO1 and confirmed that sulforaphane treatment increased glutathione S-transferase activity in epithelial cells without inducing cell death or apoptosis. Sulforaphane pretreatment inhibited IL-8 production by BEAS-2B cells upon stimulation with diesel extract. Similarly, whereas diesel extract stimulated production of IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-1beta from primary human bronchial epithelial cells, sulforaphane pretreatment inhibited diesel-induced production of all of these cytokines. Our studies show that sulforaphane can mitigate the effect of diesel in respiratory epithelial cells and demonstrate the chemopreventative potential of phase II enzyme enhancement.
Morphological Segmentation Without a Lexicon (1989)

This article concentrates on the question To what extent can automatic morphological segmentation be achieved without the use of a lexicon? This question seems to us important in two respects. first, because of new insights into language structure, and secondly, because there are applications (for example, in information retrieval) which require nothing more than a morphological segmentation and where it turns out to be very costly to construct a lexicon We describe here two non-lexical segmentation algorithms which we developed for Spanish and German, respectively The approach adopted for Spanish is qualitative in that it uses rules on short grapheme sequences which carry information of morpheme boundaries The one adopted for German is quantitative, based on a study of frequencies of grapheme paris having a morpheme boundary between, directly before or directly behind them
Acondicionamiento físico: tronco de gladiador (2003)

Mike Ricci, disenador de los programas de entrenamiento de la seleccion estadounidense de Triatlon, propone tres programas de entrenamiento para fortalecer el tronco. En este ejemplar se detallan los dos primeros programas.
Isolation and characterization of Bacillus subtilis CH16 strain from chicken gastrointestinal tracts for use as a feed supplement to promote weight gain in broilers (2015)

Spore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from chicken gastrointestinal tracts to develop a heat-stable feed supplement that promotes weight gain in broilers. Seven Bacillus strains having more than 90% sporulation were screened from the isolates and identified to be closely related with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. Of the seven strains, B. subtilis CH16 was selected to develop a feed supplement for broilers, because it formed 100% heat-stable spores, grew rapidly at 42°C and quickly formed a biofilm. In large-scale trials in broilers (n ≥ 1150 per group), the group fed CH16 (3 × 10(6) CFU g(-1) pellet) showed higher average daily gain (ADG = 61·16) and lower food conversion ratio (FCR = 1·696) than did the group fed B. licheniformis CH22 (ADG = 57·10 and FCR = 1·792), the group fed B. subtilis HU58 (ADG = 51·90 and FCR = 1·868), BioPlus group (ADG = 59·32 and FCR = 1·807) and the control group (ADG = 56·02 and FCR = 1·880). In conclusion, CH16 spores significantly increased ADG by 9·17% and reduced FCR by 9·79% in broilers. The result supports the use of B. subtilis CH16 of chicken intestinal origin as a feed supplement that promote weight gain in broilers. Significance and impact of the study: This study reports screening of Bacillus strains isolated from chicken gastrointestinal tracts for development of a feed supplement that promote weight gain in broilers. Of the seven Bacillus isolates with high sporulation efficiency (≥90%), Bacillus subtilis CH16 strain showed the best growth and biofilm formation at body temperature of broilers (42°C). In large-scale trials in broilers (n ≥ 1150 per group), CH16 spores induced a 9·17% increase in daily weight gain (ADG) and a 9·79% reduction in FCR while the commercial BioPlus(®) YC induced only a 5·89% increase in ADG and a 3·88% reduction in FCR.
Reservoir Aspects of Smart Wells (2003)

Abstract A well equipped with intelligent components is considered SMART only when it maximizes its value over the life of the project. The definition of the adequate level of intelligence is the outcome of a multidisciplinary discussion that focuses on the well and reservoir management. To effectively realize the value associated with these technologies Shell set up a Global Implementation Smart Wells Team at its E&amp;P Technical Center. Jointly with asset teams from around the world it has reviewed more than 80 projects over the last 3 years. The main result of this work is a faster and more meaningful implementation effectively realizing the value associated with these technologies. An important byproduct of this work is a list of identified well and reservoir opportunities where smart completions can add significant value. This paper reviews these opportunities and provides selected examples.
Genomewide Analysis of Gene Expression inStaphylococcus epidermidisBiofilms: Insights into the Pathophysiology ofS. epidermidisBiofilms and the Role of Phenol‐Soluble Modulins in Formation of Biofilms (2004)

Many bacterial pathogens form cellular agglomerations known as biofilms, which considerably limit the success of both antibiotic treatment and the human immune defense. To gain insight into the pathophysiology of the leading nosocomial pathogen, Staphylococcus epidermidis, we analyzed the genome of biofilm-forming S. epidermidis, constructed a microarray representing its entire transcriptome, and performed expression profiling of an S. epidermidis biofilm. Gene-regulated processes in the biofilm led to a nonaggressive and protected form of bacterial growth with low metabolic activity, which is optimally suited to guarantee long-term survival during chronic infection. A class of peptides known as phenol-soluble modulins, which combine proinflammatory activity with a putative role in detachment of biofilms, evolved as potential key determinants controlling the switch between aggressive and quiescent modes of infection. Our data suggest that S. epidermidis adjusts its lifestyle to varying requirements during colonization and infection by means of an expansive change of gene expression. The observed physiological characteristics of the biofilm mode of growth--in particular, the contribution of surfactant-like peptides--might serve as a model for a variety of biofilm-forming pathogens.
Synthesis and antibody-mediated detection of oligonucleotides containing multiple 2,4-dinitrophenyl reporter groups (1993)

A series of non-nucleoside-based 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) phosphoramidites have been prepared and used in the multiple labelling of oligonucleotides during solid-phase synthesis. The length of spacer arm between the DNP label and the oligonucleotide phosphate backbone, and the number of attached DNP groups have both been varied in order to determine the optimum conditions for anti-DNP antibody binding. Detection using enzyme-linked colorimetric techniques showed sensitivity equivalent to that obtainable using biotinylated oligonucleotides.
Isotope Effects: Definitions and Consequences for Pharmacologic Studies (1986)

The use of stable isotope-labeled compounds for pharmacologic studies requires careful consideration of the nature of the stable isotope label (2H, 13C, 15N, 18O) and its position of incorporation in the molecule. When deuterium is used, improper positioning can lead to significant primary isotope effects. Primary isotope effects occur when the breaking of the bond to the heavy isotope is the rate-limiting step in a reaction (or metabolic transformation). A reaction will proceed slower for the molecule with the heavy isotope label because of the mass difference between the light and the heavy isotope. In addition to these primary isotope effects, smaller but nevertheless important secondary isotope effects, physicochemical isotope effects, active hydrogen/deuterium exchange, or isotope effects associated with either the enzyme-catalyzed biotransformation or the mass spectrometric ionization and fragmentation can be operative. In mechanistic studies, isotope effects are used to their advantage; however, in pharmacokinetic studies, the occurrence of isotope effects can lead to grossly misleading biologic and analytic results: the metabolism of the drug will differ when 'in vivo' isotope effects are operative, and isotope effects occurring during the analysis procedure will obscure the true metabolic profile of the drug.
Bradykinin mediates cardiac preconditioning at a distance (2000)

Preconditioning the heart by brief coronary (CAO) or mesenteric artery occlusion (MAO) can protect against damage during subsequent prolonged CAO and reperfusion. The role of bradykinin (BK) in remote cardiac preconditioning by MAO is investigated by antagonizing the BK B(2) receptor [Hoechst 140 (HOE-140)] or simulating local BK release by mesenteric intra-arterial infusion. Anesthetized male Wistar rats (n = 6-8) were treated with HOE-140 or saline before starting the preconditioning protocol, CAO, MAO, or non-preconditioned control. Infarct size related to risk area [ratio of infarct area to area at risk (IA/AR)] was determined after 3 h of reperfusion following a 60-min CAO. IA/AR was 62 +/- 5% in controls and not affected by HOE-140 (58 +/- 6%). CAO as well as MAO significantly protected the heart (IA/AR, 37 +/- 3 and 35 +/- 5%), which was prevented by HOE-140 (IA/AR, 71 +/- 6 and 65 +/- 7%, respectively). Brief intramesenteric BK infusion mimicked MAO (IA/AR, 26 +/- 3%). Pretreatment with hexamethonium could abolish this protection (IA/AR, 67 +/- 4%). These data indicate an important role for BK in remote preconditioning by MAO. Results support the hypothesis that remote preconditioning acts through sensory nerve stimulation in the ischemic organ.
Antiangiogenic Forms of Antithrombin Specifically Bind to the Anticoagulant Heparin Sequence (2008)

A specific pentasaccharide sequence of heparin binds with high affinity to native antithrombin and induces a conformational change in the inhibitor by a previously described two-step interaction mechanism. In this work, the interactions of heparin with the antiangiogenic latent and cleaved antithrombin forms were studied. Binding of heparin to these antithrombin forms was specific for the same pentasaccharide sequence as native antithrombin. Rapid kinetic studies demonstrated that this pentasaccharide induced a conformational change also in latent and cleaved antithrombin. The binding affinities of these antithrombin forms for the pentasaccharide, as compared to native antithrombin, were approximately 30-fold lower due to two to three fewer ionic interactions, resulting in less stable conformationally altered states. Affinities of latent and cleaved antithrombin for longer heparin chains, containing the pentasaccharide sequence, were 2-fold lower than for the pentasaccharide itself. This contrasts the interaction with native antithrombin and demonstrates that residues flanking the pentasaccharide sequence of heparin are repelled by the latent and cleaved forms. These findings contribute to delineating the mechanism by which heparin or heparan sulfate mediates antiangiogenic activity of antithrombin.
Yield and Reliability of Cu Capped with CoWP using a Self-Activated Process (2006)

Via and metal resistance, capacitance, stress migration lifetime, and high voltage leakage are characterized for Cu interconnects capped with either CoWP or CoWP + SiN. The CoWP is formed by a self-activated process using DMAB as a reducing agent, providing a very uniform CoWP film. Low via resistance and high stress migration lifetime are observed, even for relatively thin CoWP films without an SiN cap. The leakage current at high fields (3.0 MV/cm) is actually lower with a CoWP cap compared to an SiN cap
Adult bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Computed tomography pulmonary findings (2011)

Common findings were triangular, linear opacities and gas trapping. Emphysema diagnosis was more prevalent than previous studies, which may have been enhanced by improved technical factors.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lipidic Nano-Particles in Cancer (2006)

Nanoscale drug delivery systems (DDS) are used to circumvent some of the non-ideal properties of conventional anticancer chemotherapy drugs. Manipulation of the physical properties of DDS provides improved control over the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the encapsulated drugs relative to free drugs. Liposomes are the archetypical nanoscale DDS and the first of these received clinical approval in 1990. DOXIL, liposomal doxorubicin, was the first commercially available liposomal anticancer drug (1995). It has an enhanced circulation half-life compared to the free drug because of its surface-grafted polyethylene glycol coating. DOXIL passively targets solid tumors, and once the liposomes localize in the tumor interstitial space, the cytotoxic drug is slowly released within the tumor. Liposomes can act as sustained release delivery system and manipulation of properties such as, liposome diameter, drug release rate, bioavailability and dosing schedule can significantly impact the therapeutic outcome of the liposomal drugs. This review will focus on how alteration of these properties can impact the therapeutic efficacy and side effect profiles of DDS.
Novel Sensing System for Glucose Based on the Complex Formation between Phenylborate and Fluorescent Diol Compounds (1995)

From the standpoints of long-term stability and simple handling, a glucose sensor composed of totally synthetic sensing moieties should be of great advantage. This study was performed to demonstrate the feasibility of a novel glucose sensing system in an aqueous milieu based on a change in the fluorescence on competitive binding between a fluorescent diol compound and glucose toward a phenylborate compound. 6,7-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-coumarin (DHMC) was selected as a fluorophore, and 3-propionamidophenylboronic acid (PAPBA) as a phenylborate compound. The relationship between the glucose concentration and fluorescence intensity was linear in the range of 0 to 500 mg/dl of glucose. The availability of various derivatives of DHMC and phenylborate compounds allows the incorporation of these functionalities on the tip of an optical fiber to construct an opto-sensing system for glucose.
Phase I Dose-Escalation Trial of PT2385, a First-in-Class Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Antagonist in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2017)

Purpose The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor is inactivated in the majority of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs), leading to inappropriate stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α). PT2385 is a first-in-class HIF-2α antagonist. Objectives of this first-in-human study were to characterize the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy, and to identify the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of PT2385. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had locally advanced or metastatic ccRCC that had progressed during one or more prior regimens that included a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor. PT2385 was administered orally at twice-per-day doses of 100 to 1,800 mg, according to a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design, followed by an expansion phase at the RP2D. Results The dose-escalation and expansion phases enrolled 26 and 25 patients, respectively. Patients were heavily pretreated, with a median of four (range, one to seven) prior therapies. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed at any dose. On the basis of safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiling, the RP2D was defined as 800 mg twice per day. PT2385 was well tolerated, with anemia (grade 1 to 2, 35%; grade 3, 10%), peripheral edema (grade 1 to 2, 37%; grade 3, 2%), and fatigue (grade 1 to 2, 37%; no grade 3 or 4) being the most common treatment-emergent adverse events. No patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events. Complete response, partial response, and stable disease as best response were achieved by 2%, 12%, and 52% of patients, respectively. At data cutoff, eight patients remained in the study, with 13 patients in the study for ≥ 1 year. Conclusion PT2385 has a favorable safety profile and is active in patients with heavily pretreated ccRCC, validating direct HIF-2α antagonism for the treatment of patients with ccRCC.
Properties of Type II Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase (1995)

We have isolated additional cDNA clones encoding type II inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (5-phosphatase II) resulting in a combined cDNA of 3076 nucleotides encoding a protein of 942 amino acids. The 5-phosphatase II hydrolyzed both Ins(1,4,5)P3 to Ins(1,4)P2 and the phospholipid PtdIns(4,5)P2 to PtdIns(4)P both in vitro and in vivo. There are two motifs highly conserved between types I and II 5-phosphatase and several other proteins presumed to be inositol phosphatases suggesting a possible role in catalysis. The type II 5-phosphatase also contains homology to several GTPase activating proteins although no such activity for 5-phosphatase II was found. The predicted protein ends with the sequence CNPL, suggesting that it is isoprenylated as a mechanism for membrane attachment. We found evidence for isoprenylation by demonstrating incorporation of [3H]mevalonate into native but not C939S mutant 5-phosphatase II expressed in Sf9 insect cells. Furthermore, we showed that membrane localization and the activity of 5-phosphatase II toward its lipid substrate PtdIns(4,5)P2 is reduced by eliminating 5-phosphatase II isoprenylation in the mutant C939S relative to the native enzyme.
Allo-Major Histocompatibility Complex–Restricted Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Engraft in Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients Without Causing Graft-Versus-Host Disease (1999)

Previous experiments in humans and mice have shown that allogeneic donors can serve as a source of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for proteins, such as cyclin-D1 and mdm-2, expressed at elevated levels in tumor cells. In vitro, allo-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–restricted CTL against these proteins selectively killed allogeneic tumor cells, including lymphoma, but not normal control cells. This suggested that these CTL may be useful for adoptive tumor immunotherapy, provided that they (1) survive in MHC-disparate hosts, (2) maintain their killing specificity, and (3) do not attack normal host tissues. Here, we used cloned allo-restricted CTL isolated from BALB/c mice (H-2d) that killed H-2b–derived tumor cells expressing elevated levels of the mdm-2 target protein. When these CTL were injected into bone marrow transplanted (BMT) C57BL/6 (H-2b) recipients, they consistently engrafted and were detectable in lymphoid tissues and in the bone marrow (BM). Long-term survival was most efficient in spleen and lymph nodes, where CTL were found up to 14 weeks after injection. The administration of CTL did not cause graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) normally associated with injection of allogeneic T cells. These data show that allo-restricted CTL clones are promising reagents for antigen-specific immunotherapy in BMT hosts, because they engraft and retain their specific killing activity without causing GVHD.
Functional mapping of the human papillomavirus type 11 transcriptional enhancer and its interaction with the trans-acting E2 proteins. (1988)

The transcriptional enhancer sequences of the papillomaviruses are regulated by trans-acting factors encoded by the viral E2 open reading frame. We have performed detailed functional and physical analyses of the enhancer of the human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11). Using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay in transiently transfected monkey CV-1 cells, the enhancer region has been localized to a 270-bp tract immediately preceding the E6 open reading frame, and it consists of two functional components. The first is a constitutive enhancer containing sequences homologous to the GT-, Sph-, and P-motifs found in the SV40 and polyomavirus enhancers; others resemble the recognition sequence for CTF (NF-1), a factor which stimulates transcription of certain eukaryotic genes and replication of adenovirus DNA. The second component is an inducible enhancer with a consensus sequence ACCN6GGT responsive to the E2 protein encoded by papillomaviruses. Tandem copies of portions of the constitutive enhancer function as an E2-independent enhancer, whereas multiple copies of HPV-11 DNA restriction fragments or synthetic oligonucleotides containing the E2-responsive sequence (E2-RS) act as an enhancer in the presence of the E2 protein encoded by HPV-1, HPV-11, or bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1). The inducible activity is lost when mutations are introduced into the E2-RS or when a mutant palindromic sequence is substituted. We have also expressed the E2 proteins of HPV-1, HPV-11, and BPV-1 in Escherichia coli and studied their physical interactions with the E2-responsive sequence in vitro. Filter-binding analyses with crude Escherichia coli lysates show that the E2 proteins bind to the E2-RS, but not to mutated motifs, with an affinity proportional to the copy number. These E2 proteins have been purified to near-homogeneity by sequence-specific DNA affinity chromatography using the synthetic E2-RS as a ligand. The purified proteins protect a DNA segment containing the E2-RS and several flanking nucleotides in pancreatic DNase I footprinting analyses. Based on these results, we conclude that E2 proteins activate the enhancer by binding directly to the E2-RS and interacting with other transcriptional factors and that the sequence ACCN6GGT is both necessary and sufficient for the E2 protein binding in vitro and for activation of RNA transcription in vivo.
Highly efficient optical phase modulator in SOIwaveguides (1995)

The realisation of a low-loss, highly efficient, singlemode optical phase modulator in SOI is reported. At a wavelength of 1.5 µm the figure of merit for the device, the induced phase shift per volt per millimetre, is greater than 200°/V/mm. To our knowledge, this is the highest reported value to date. In addition, the device drive current (&lt; 10 mA) is thought to be the lowest yet reported.
<title>Passive Cavity Optical Rotation Sensor</title> (1978)

The drift performance of an optical rotation sensor employing a passive ring cavity is presented. With a square cavity of about 17 cm on a side, and a 1 mW external laser, the rms fluctuation in the measurement of rotation was 0.45&deg;/hour for an integration time of 1 second. This is consistent with the shot-noise-limited performance expected for the present setup.