gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionic matrices for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight detection of DNA oligomers (2003)

Salts with low melting points, also termed room-temperature ionic liquids, can be used as matrices in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF). They have great vacuum stability, and can dissolve polar and apolar solutes including carbohydrates, biological oligomers and proteins. The ionic liquids give much more homogeneous sample solutions compared with solid matrices. We demonstrate the usefulness of using ionic matrices to determine the molecular weight of DNA oligomers by direct TOF mass spectrometric analysis. Three oligonucleotides were tested, (d(pT)(10), d(pC)(11), and d(pC)(12)), with several ionic matrices synthesized from different bases associated to two acids (3-hydroxypicolinic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid). The results obtained show that the best ionic matrices enhance the ion peak intensity of the oligonucleotides with respect to conventional molecular matrices under our experimental conditions. In one case, an ionic matrix provided a signal-to-noise ratio ten times higher than the corresponding molecular matrix. Several of the tested ionic matrices were liquids. However, all working ionic matrices were solids.
Safety of live oral Salmonella typhi vaccine strains with deletions in htrA and aroC aroD and immune response in humans (1997)

A single-dose, oral Salmonella typhi vaccine strain has been sought as a carrier or vector of cloned genes encoding protective antigens of other pathogens. Such a hybrid vaccine, administered orally, would stimulate immune responses both at the mucosal surface and in the systemic compartment and would potentially provide protection against multiple pathogens. S. typhi CVD 908 and CVD 906, which harbor deletions in aroC and aroD, were further engineered by deletion in htrA to produce strains CVD 908-htrA and CVD 906-htrA, which are unable to sustain growth and are severely impaired in their ability to survive in host tissues. These strains were fed to humans at doses of 5 x 10(7) to 5 x 10(9) CFU with buffer, and safety and immune responses were assessed. CVD 908-htrA and CVD 906-htrA were well tolerated in volunteers; mild diarrhea in 3 of 36 volunteers and mild fever in 1 volunteer were the only notable adverse responses. The vaccine strains were not detected in blood cultures and only transiently detected in stool. Serum immune responses to S. typhi lipopolysaccharide and H antigens were observed in 75 to 100% of volunteers who received 5 x 10(8) to 5 x 10(9) CFU, and cells secreting S. typhi-specific antibodies were found in all volunteers after ingestion of either strain. Sixty-three percent to 83% of volunteers developed lymphoproliferative responses to S. typhi flagellar and particulate antigens after the higher doses. These studies demonstrate the potential of CVD 908-htrA as a live vector for the delivery of heterologous genes, and a clinical trial of such a construct is planned.
PEG-Mediated Protoplast Transformation with Naked DNA (1998)

Direct introduction of DNA into plant protoplasts facilitates a rapid analysis of transient gene expression, as well as the generation of stably transformed transgenic plants. Transient gene expression assays performed after DNA transformation permit a comparative analysis of cis–actmg regulatory sequences and then function m transcriptional control of plant genes by signaling pathways mediating cellular responses to different environmental and hormonal stimuli (). There are a number of methods for introducing DNA into plant protoplasts, but the most commonly used technique 1s the polyethylene glycol (PEG)–mediated DNA uptake. The PEG–mediated transformation is simple and efficient, allowing a simultaneous processing of many samples, and yields a transformed cell population with high survival and division rates (). The method utihzes inexpensive supplies and equipments, and helps to overcome a hurdle of host range limitations of Agrobactenum–mediated transformation The PEG–mediated DNA transfer can be readily adapted to a wide range of plant species and tissue sources.
Endurance Enhancement of Flash-Memory Storage, Systems: An Efficient Static Wear Leveling Design (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Thread scheduling for multi-core platforms (2007)

As multi-core processors with tens or hundreds of cores begin to proliferate, system optimization issues once faced only by the high-performance computing (HPC) community will become important to all programmers. However, unlike with HPC, the focus of the multi-core programmer will be on programming productivity and portability as much as performance. We introduce in this paper a novel scheduling framework for multi-core processors that strikes a balance between control over the system and the level of abstraction. Our framework uses high-level information supplied by the user to guide thread scheduling and also, where necessary, gives the programmer fine control over thread placement.
Glutathione Therapy for Male Infertility (1992)

Eleven infertile men were treated with glutathione (600 mg/day IM) for 2 months. The patients were suffering from dyspermia associated with various andrological pathologies. Standard semen and computer analyses of sperm motility were carried out before treatment and after 30 and 60 days of therapy. Glutathione exerted significant effect on sperm motility patterns. Glutathione appears to have a therapeutic effect on some andrological pathologies causing male infertility.
Apoptosis in sepsis (2000)

Sepsis demonstrates a marked dysregulation of the immune system in its ability to fight infection. Previous models have focused on the mechanisms which upregulate and sustain the heightened immune response without addressing the role of down-regulation effectors. Attention has been drawn to these down-regulating mechanisms and their precise role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved, energy-dependent mode of cell death requiring the initiation and regulation of complex genetic programs. It is the body's main method of getting rid of cells which are in excess, damaged, or no longer needed in a controlled manner. The role of this cellular phenomenon in physiology and pathophysiology has been the subject of intense scrutiny over the last decade. Much work has demonstrated that dysregulation of apoptosis does occur in immune and nonimmune cells in in vitro and in vivo models of sepsis. The difficulty has been in tying the phenomenology of apoptosis into the pathophysiology of sepsis. Further work is needed to make these connections to elucidate rational approaches for clinical applications of immunomodulation in sepsis.
Treatment of colon cancer cells using the cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine suicide system induces apoptosis, modulation of the proteome, and Hsp90β phosphorylation (2007)

The bacterial cytosine deaminase (CD) gene, associated with the 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) prodrug, is one of the most widely used suicide systems in gene therapy. Introduction of the CD gene within a tumor induces, after 5FC treatment of the animal, a local production of 5-fluorouracil resulting in intratumor chemotherapy. Destruction of the gene-modified tumor is then followed by the triggering of an antitumor immune reaction resulting in the regression of distant wild-type metastasis. The global effects of 5FC on colorectal adenocarcinoma cells expressing the CD gene were analyzed using the proteomic method. Application of 5FC induced apoptosis and 19 proteins showed a significant change in 5FC-treated cells compared with control cells. The up-regulated and down-regulated proteins include cytoskeletal proteins, chaperones, and proteins involved in protein synthesis, the antioxidative network, and detoxification. Most of these proteins are involved in resistance to anticancer drugs and resistance to apoptosis. In addition, we show that the heat shock protein Hsp90beta is phosphorylated on serine 254 upon 5FC treatment. Our results suggest that activation of Hsp90beta by phosphorylation might contribute to tumor regression and tumor immunogenicity. Our findings bring new insights into the mechanism of the anticancer effects induced by CD/5FC treatment.
SOS: An Architecture for Mitigating DDoS Attacks (2004)

We propose an architecture called secure overlay services (SOS) that proactively prevents denial of service (DoS) attacks, including distributed (DDoS) attacks; it is geared toward supporting emergency services, or similar types of communication. The architecture uses a combination of secure overlay tunneling, routing via consistent hashing, and filtering. We reduce the probability of successful attacks by: 1) performing intensive filtering near protected network edges, pushing the attack point perimeter into the core of the network, where high-speed routers can handle the volume of attack traffic and 2) introducing randomness and anonymity into the forwarding architecture, making it difficult for an attacker to target nodes along the path to a specific SOS-protected destination. Using simple analytical models, we evaluate the likelihood that an attacker can successfully launch a DoS attack against an SOS-protected network. Our analysis demonstrates that such an architecture reduces the likelihood of a successful attack to minuscule levels. Our performance measurements using a prototype implementation indicate an increase in end-to-end latency by a factor of two for the general case, and an average heal time of less than 10 s.
The expanded populations of CD4-CD8- T cell receptor alpha/beta+ T cells associated with the lpr and gld mutations are CD2-. (1990)

Mice homozygous for either of two autosomal recessive mutations, lpr and gld, develop massive, generalized lymphoproliferation of CD4-CD8- (double negative, DN) T cells associated with a variety of autoantibodies. To determine the origin of these expanded populations of lpr and gld T cells, we examined the expression of CD2 molecules and mRNA transcripts in association with other cell surface phenotypes of these cells and correlated them with subpopulations of DN T cells in the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues. The results indicated that both lpr and gld cells are negative for the transcript and product of the CD2 gene. Both lpr and gld DN T cells were CD2-, CD3+, CD4-, CD8-, CD25-, CD45R+, TCR alpha/beta+, TCR gamma/delta-, HSA(J11d)-/+, Thy-1+/-, and Lp-1-/+. Studies of thymocytes in normal mice using three-color flow cytometry analysis showed that there are at least eight phenotypically distinct populations of DN thymocytes, one of which is similar to lpr and gld cells in terms of CD2-, CD3+, TCR alpha/beta+ and CD25- phenotypes, although they did not express CD45R, HSA, or Lp-1. A very minor population of these CD2-CD3+ TCR alpha/beta+ DN T cells were also detected in peripheral T cells from normal mice. These findings may provide insight into not only the origin of the aberrant lpr and gld T cells but also normal T cell development.
The role of Epstein–Barr virus in epithelial malignancies (2014)

The close association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection with non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinomas and a subset of gastric carcinomas suggests that EBV infection is a crucial event in these cancers. The difficulties encountered in infecting and transforming primary epithelial cells in experimental systems suggest that the role of EBV in epithelial malignancies is complex and multifactorial in nature. Genetic alterations in the premalignant epithelium may support the establishment of latent EBV infection, which is believed to be an initiation event. Oncogenic properties have been reported in multiple EBV latent genes. The BamH1 A rightwards transcripts (BARTs) and the BART-encoded microRNAs (miR-BARTs) are highly expressed in EBV-associated epithelial malignancies and may induce malignant transformation. However, enhanced proliferation may not be the crucial function of EBV infection in epithelial malignancies, at least in the early stages of cancer development. EBV-encoded gene products may confer anti-apoptotic properties and promote the survival of infected premalignant epithelial cells harbouring genetic alterations. Multiple EBV-encoded microRNAs have been reported to have immune evasion functions. Genetic alterations in host cells, as well as inflammatory stroma, could modulate the expression of EBV genes and alter the growth properties of infected premalignant epithelial cells, encouraging their selection during carcinogenesis.
Performance comparison of O-based and Cu-based ReRAM for high-density applications (2014)

The resistive switching memory (ReRAM) landscape encompasses several cell technology options. Filamentary systems that employ oxygen ion motion (O-ReRAM) or metal ion motion (M-ReRAM) and systems that employ uniform oxygen ion motion are being widely studied as potential candidates for next generation of non-volatile memory systems (NVM). While comparisons between different systems have been made at single-cell level, enabling a future NVM technology mandates an evaluation of a statistically significant population of bits. This paper presents an array-level comparison of two filamentary systems: O-ReRAM and Cu ion based M-ReRAM. The key factors for enabling a manufacturable product are compared, such as read window, noise, variability, endurance and retention.
Dimethyl 3,3?-dithiobispropionimidate: A novel crosslinking reagent for collagen (2000)

Crosslinking agents are used for improving the physical properties and durability of collagenous implants, glutaraldehyde (GTA) being the most widely used. Many of these reagents, including GTA, are known to be cytotoxic and to induce calcification. Hence, it is desirable to develop new crosslinking methods for collagen, so that biocompatibility and physical properties are improved. In the present study, dimethyl 3,3' -dithiobispropionimidate (DTBP) has been tried as a novel crosslinking reagent for collagen. Collagen purified from rat tail tendon has been crosslinked with DTBP and GTA. An increase of 22 degrees C in shrinkage temperature is observed for collagen treated with DTBP under optimal conditions. Crosslinking density determination shows that DTBP induces 10 crosslinks per mole, compared to 13 by GTA. While the tensile strength of GTA-treated samples is greater than those treated with DTBP, the latter shows more extensibility. In vitro degradation studies show that both GTA- and DTBP-treated samples are resistant to degradation by collagenase. The biocompatibility of crosslinked collagen samples studied by subcutaneous implantation in rats show that while both GTA- and DTBP-treated collagen do not degrade for up to 4 weeks, ultrastructural and histological studies indicate that DTBP collagen is far more biocompatible than GTA-treated matrices.
bcl-2 alters influenza virus yield, spread, and hemagglutinin glycosylation (1996)

We previously demonstrated that expression of bcl-2 in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells blocks influenza virus-induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation. We show here that expression of bcl-2 also reduces the level of infectious virus production and the spread of virus in MDCK cell cultures infected at a low multiplicity of infection. This effect is associated with modified glycosylation of the hemagglutinin protein.
A Comparison of Risk-Taking Measures (2014)

Risk-taking is an important construct that correlates with many areas of study such as substance abuse, psychological disorders, life-span changes and military involvement. As risk- taking is such a broadly defined construct, there are many different means used to measure it. Ironically, there has never been a study done to see whether or not these measures are looking at the same type of risk-taking. Our study investigated the differences and similarities in three risk- taking measures, the Balloon Analogue Risk-Task (BART), the TCU Self-Rating Form and the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking scale (DOSPERT). We analyzed the results within each participant to see whether or not the same form of risk-taking was being evaluated by each measure. Our analysis shows that there are few correlations between the subscales of the BART, the TCU Self-Rating form and the DOSPERT, implying differences in the types of risk-taking being measured by each scale.
<title>Design and optimization of a holographic concentrator for two-color PV operation</title> (1993)

The subject matter of this research project is to develop, manufacture and field test a spectrally dispersing solar collector system using a holographic solar concentrator in conjunction with spectrally matched advanced solar cells for photovoltaic power generation. The advantage of a holographic solar concentrator as compared to a conventional one is seen in the overall reduction of investment cost and in the possibility to generate inexpensive solar electric power. In this paper we present the techniques specifically developed for the design and manufacturing of efficient holographic optical elements and holographic lens stacks that are used in the fabrication of bandwidth matched solar concentrators for VIS and NIR photovoltaic operation. The lens stack separates the white light radiation into several spectral ranges that are focussed onto photocells possessing corresponding spectral characteristics. Contrary to previously published arrangements, we present here the concept and the design characteristics of a holographic concentrator that allows positioning of the cell in a plane parallel to the lens aperture. The initial idea of using two lenses recorded in the same aperture or same holographic layer focussing onto two off-axis foci proved to be of limited value due to the off-axis focussing that introduces strong reflection and aberration. Here we present a new concept in which the two lenses are shifted in the plane of the aperture so that each lens-cell configuration exhibits axial geometry. Both lenses are designed as axially corrected holographic stacks that include a lens and a correction grating. The design minimizes the cross coupling between the two holographic systems. Stack layouts for AlGaAs/GaAs and GaAs/Si combinations are discussed. Cross-coupling effects and aberrations involving the IR lens are minimized. Experimental diffraction efficiencies are fitted with non-cosinusoidal refractive index modulation showing best performance for 100 by 100 mm<SUP>2</SUP> aperture. The theoretical predictions are compared with the first experimental results.
Emerging drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma (2006)

Hepatocellular carcinoma is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, when potentially curative surgical or local ablative therapies are not feasible. There is no effective chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent advances in cancer biology suggest that a limited number of signalling pathways may be responsible for uncontrolled cell proliferation, the major cellular alteration responsible for the cancer phenotype. Novel anticancer agents target these critical pathways, including the receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway, the ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway, the DNA methylation and histone deacetylation pathways, the PI3 kinase/AKT/mTOR pathway, angiogenic pathways, telomerase and the cell cycle. These agents hold promise for improving the outcome of patients with intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the high prevalence of liver cirrhosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, to achieve long-term survival of the majority of patients, targeted anticancer therapies will need to be coupled with strategies aimed at reversing the progression of chronic liver disease.
Inhibition of fibril formation in beta-amyloid peptide by a novel series of benzofurans. (1999)

A series of benzofuran derivatives have been identified as inhibitors of fibril formation in the beta-amyloid peptide. The activity of these compounds has been assessed by a novel fibril-formation-specific immunoassay and for their effects on the production of a biologically active fibril product. The inhibition afforded by the compounds seems to be associated with their binding to beta-amyloid, as identified by scintillation proximity binding assay. Binding assays and NMR studies also indicate that the inhibition is associated with self-aggregation of the compounds. There is a close correlation between the activity of the benzofurans as inhibitors of fibril formation and their ability to bind to beta-amyloid. Non-benzofuran inhibitors of the fibril formation process do not seem to bind to the same site on the beta-amyloid molecule as the benzofurans. Thus a specific recognition site might exist for benzofurans on beta-amyloid, binding to which seems to interfere with the ability of the peptide to form fibrils.
Biofilms in wounds: management strategies (2008)

Biofilms probably induce a chronic and/or 'quiet' inflammation in the chronic wound and so delay healing. This paper reviews current strategies that can be used to suppress biofilms in chronic wounds until better options are available.
Coordinate control of initiative mating device for autonomous underwater vehicle based on TDES (2005)

A novel initiative mating device, which has four 2-degree manipulators around the mating skirt, is proposed to mate between a skirt of AUV (autonomons underwater vehicle) and a disabled submarine. The primary function of the device is to keep exact mating between skirt and disabled submarine in a badly sub sea environment. According to the characteristic of rescue, an automaton model is brought forward to describe the mating proceed between AUV and manipulators. The coordinated control is implemented by the TDES(time discrete event system).After taking into account the time problem, it is a useful method to control mating by simulation testing. The result shows that it reduces about 70 seconds after using intelligent co-ordinate control based on TDES through the whole mating procedure.
Treatment of Respiratory Infections with Fosfomycin (1977)

Results are presented for a series of 29 patients, 14 males and 15 females, with serious respiratory infections, in which fosfomycin proved effective. In all cases the study was completed by bacteriological, clinical, radiological and analytical controls. The average dose was 6 g/day (3 g orally and 3 g intramuscularly) for 1 or 2 weeks. The four isolated were P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Klebsiella-Enterobacter and D. pneumoniae. Overall sensitivity percentages were best for fosfomycin, gentamicin and colistin. Of the 29 germs isolated, only one strain of P. aeruginosa became resistant: this represents 3% resistance development. No side effects of intolerance or signs of hepatorenal insufficiency were observed during the treatment. Of the 29 patients treated, 22 were clinically cured, denoting 76% success.