gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approximate Solutions for anN-Molecule-Radiation-Field Hamiltonian (1969)

Three approximation schemes are discussed and compared with the exact solutions for a Hamiltonian describing the interaction of a single-mode quantized radiation field and $N$ two-level "molecules," each resonant with the mode frequency. In particular, the approximation of treating the molecules as uncorrelated is found to be accurate when the system energy is several times larger than the cooperation number of the molecular system.
Retinoic acid promotes density-dependent growth arrest in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. (1991)

After retinal detachment the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) undergoes a striking phenotypic change. It becomes dedifferentiated, proliferates to form multilayered colonies, and migrates into the subretinal space. These processes are important because they have been implicated in proliferative vitreoretinopathy and poor visual recovery after retinal reattachment; however the mechanisms by which they occur are unknown. In this study, the effect of retinoic acid on RPE cell morphology and growth in culture was examined. Cells grown in the presence of 1 microM retinoic acid do not exhibit cellular overgrowth and maintain characteristics associated with the morphologic appearance of mature RPE cells in vivo. Growth curves and 3H-thymidine incorporation suggest that retinoic acid inhibits RPE cell growth primarily after the cells have reached confluence. It may act by promoting density-dependent growth arrest. Dibutryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate also inhibits RPE cell growth and 3H-thymidine incorporation, but has little effect on cell morphology. However, in combination with retinoic acid it appears to have an additive effect on inhibition of cell growth and maintenance of a morphology like RPE in vivo. Retinoids have been demonstrated to modulate the growth and differentiation of several cell types. They are usually present in high levels in RPE cells. They become depleted in RPE in culture and such depletion may also occur in vivo after retinal detachment. This could play a role in the phenotypic alteration of RPE that occurs in association with retinal detachment.
A gentle vapor-diffusion technique for cross-linking of protein crystals for cryocrystallography (1999)

Protein crystals have been cross-linked by a gentle technique whereby glutaraldehyde is introduced by vapor diffusion into the crystallization droplet containing the crystals. Diffraction analyses of crystals of three different proteins show that cross-linking prevents, in a large part, the lattice disorder normally observed on rapid cooling of these crystals. The diffraction results suggest that this cross-linking procedure, performed as a simple extension of the standard vapor-diffusion crystallization experiment, may generally aid in the cooling of fragile protein crystals for which standard procedures of cryopreservation prove inadequate.
Malignant tumors of the anal canal (1999)

Chemoradiotherapy for patients with squamous cell carcinoma offers survival rates equivalent to surgical therapy and preserved sphincter function. Adenocarcinoma managed with surgery, with adjuvant therapy for selected patients, gives good results. Melanoma continues to be associated with a poor prognosis.
Human H-Y: a Male-Specific Histocompatibility Antigen Derived from the SMCY Protein (1995)

H-Y is a transplantation antigen that can lead to rejection of male organ and bone marrow grafts by female recipients, even if the donor and recipient match at the major histocompatibility locus of humans, the HLA (human leukocyte antigen) locus. However, the origin and function of H-Y antigens has eluded researchers for 40 years. One human H-Y antigen presented by HLA-B7 was identified as an 11-residue peptide derived from SMCY, an evolutionarily conserved protein encoded on the Y chromosome. The protein from the homologous gene on the X chromosome, SMCX, differs by two amino acid residues in the same region. The identification of H-Y may aid in transplantation prognosis, prenatal diagnosis, and fertilization strategies.
Water Solubilization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Functionalization with Glucosamine (2002)

Water solubilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been achieved by functionalizing the SWNT with glucosamine. The grafting of glucosamine to the nanotubes was attained by producing acyl chloride on the carboxylic groups associated with the nanotubes. Subsequently, amide bonds were formed between the glucosamine and the SWNT. This grafting results in solubility of SWNT in water, which ranges from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/mL, depending on temperature.
Forward Ion Acceleration in Thin Films Driven by a High-Intensity Laser (2000)

A collimated beam of fast protons, with energies as high as 1.5 MeV and total number of greater, similar10(9), confined in a cone angle of 40 degrees +/-10 degrees is observed when a high-intensity high-contrast subpicosecond laser pulse is focused onto a thin foil target. The protons, which appear to originate from impurities on the front side of the target, are accelerated over a region extending into the target and exit out the back side in a direction normal to the target surface. Acceleration field gradients approximately 10 GeV/cm are inferred. The maximum proton energy can be explained by the charge-separation electrostatic-field acceleration due to "vacuum heating."
Fetal urinary insulin‐like growth factor I and binding protein 3 in bilateral obstructive uropathies (1995)

Fetal urinary concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (UIGF-I) and binding protein 3 (UIGFBP-3) were determined in patients with prenatal diagnosis of bilateral obstructive uropathy. Patients were retrospectively assigned to three groups, on the basis of outcome: group 1, termination of pregnancies (n = 11) with sonographic evidence of severe oligohydramnios or renal dysplasia, confirmed at histological examination; group 2, patients (n = 10) with postnatal plasma creatinine > 50 mumol/l at the age of 1 year (1 yr-pCreat); and group 3, patients (n = 16) with 1 yr-pCreat < or = mumol/l. The results show a significant increase in UIGF-I and UIGFBP-3 in groups 1 (18,159 +/- 9083 pg/ml; 2657 +/- 669 ng/ml) and 2 (1574 +/- 847 pg/ml; 176 +/- 50 ng/ml) in comparison with group 3 (35 +/- 6 pg/ml; 21 +/- 2 ng/ml). UIGF-I and UIGFBP-3 were significantly correlated with postnatal plasma creatinine, and were both sensitive (90 per cent; 80 per cent) and specific (88 per cent; 88 per cent) for prediction of elevated 1 yr-pCreat (> 50 mumol/l). Fetal urinary IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are increased in severe fetal bilateral obstructive uropathy, possibly reflecting tubular dysfunction or/and increased synthesis consequent upon fetal kidney injury. Their predictive value for postnatal renal function needs further assessment.
Insulin-like growth factor 2 expressed in a novel fetal liver cell population is a growth factor for hematopoietic stem cells (2003)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo dramatic expansion during fetal liver development, but attempts to expand their numbers ex vivo have failed. We hypothesized that unidentified fetal liver cells produce growth factors that support HSC proliferation. Here we describe a novel population of CD3+ and Ter119- day-15 fetal liver cells that support HSC expansion in culture, as determined by limiting dilution mouse reconstitution analyses. DNA array experiments showed that, among other proteins, insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is specifically expressed in fetal liver CD3+ cells but not in several cells that do not support HSCs. Treatment of fetal liver CD3+Ter119- cells with anti-IGF-2 abrogated their HSC supportive activity, suggesting that IGF-2 is the key molecule produced by these cells that stimulates HSC expansion. All mouse fetal liver and adult bone marrow HSCs express receptors for IGF-2. Indeed, when combined with other growth factors, IGF-2 supports a 2-fold expansion of day-15 fetal liver Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+ long-term (LT)-HSC numbers. Thus, fetal liver CD3+Ter119- cells are a novel stromal population that is capable of supporting HSC expansion, and IGF-2, produced by these cells, is an important growth factor for fetal liver and, as we show, adult bone marrow HSCs.
Management of Critically Ill Pregnant Patients with COVID-19 Infection in a Rural State (2021)

· Combined therapy: remdesivir, CCP, dexamethasone.. · Remdesivir, CCP and dexamethasone was effective in treating critically ill pregnant women with COVID-19.. · No adverse events were associated with combined therapy.. · Delivery improved respiratory status..
Lactate: The Ultimate Cerebral Oxidative Energy Substrate? (2005)

Research over the past two decades has renewed the interest in lactate, no longer as a useless end product of anaerobic glycolysis in brain (and other tissues), but as an oxidative substrate for energy metabolism. While this topic would be considered blasphemy only three decades ago, much recent evidence indicates that lactate does play a major role in aerobic energy metabolism in the brain, the heart, skeletal muscle, and possibly in any other tissue and organ. Nevertheless, this concept has challenged the old dogma and ignited a fierce debate, especially among neuroscientists, pitting the supporters of glucose as the major oxidative energy substrate against those who support lactate as a possible alternative to glucose under certain conditions. Meanwhile, researchers working on energy metabolism in skeletal muscle have taken great strides toward bridging between these two extreme positions, while avoiding the high decibels of an emotional debate. Employing their findings along with the existing old and new data on cerebral energy metabolism, it is postulated here that lactate is the only major product of cerebral (and other tissues) glycolysis, whether aerobic or anaerobic, neuronal or astrocytic, under rest or during activation. Consequently, this postulate entails that lactate is a major, if not the only, substrate for the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle. If proven true, this hypothesis could provide better understanding of the biochemistry and physiology of (cerebral) energy metabolism, while holding important implications in the field of neuroimaging. Concomitantly, it could satisfy both 'glucoseniks' and 'lactatians' in the ongoing debate.
A Tool for Comparing Configurable Products (2003)

Select or guess product to configure Configure product Suitable Buy No Yes Enter shop (e-commerce) Find suitable product by comparing Configure product Buy (a) (b) Figure 1. Configuration process without (a) and with a comparison tool (b) Helping customers to select a suitable product is an increasingly important problem in e-commerce where personal advice is not available and many similar products are offered. Comparison of off-the-shelf products is supported in many web-based systems.
The Minimal Gene Complement of Mycoplasma genitalium (1995)

The complete nucleotide sequence (580,070 base pairs) of the Mycoplasma genitalium genome, the smallest known genome of any free-living organism, has been determined by whole-genome random sequencing and assembly. A total of only 470 predicted coding regions were identified that include genes required for DNA replication, transcription and translation, DNA repair, cellular transport, and energy metabolism. Comparison of this genome to that of Haemophilus influenzae suggests that differences in genome content are reflected as profound differences in physiology and metabolic capacity between these two organisms.
Reduced expression of the CDK inhibitor p27KIP1 in rat two-stage bladder carcinogenesis and its association with expression profiles of p21WAF1/Cip1 and p53 (1999)

The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27(KIP1) exerts its growth suppressive effects by targeting the cyclin-CDK complexes. Reduced protein levels of p27(KIP1) have been reported in numerous human cancers and this has been attributed to increased degradation. However, few reports have addressed the significance of p27(KIP1) expression in chemical carcinogenesis of rodents. In a rat two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis model, with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) initiation followed by promotion with sodium L-ascorbate (Na-AsA), we evaluated the expression of p27(KIP1) protein using immunohistochemistry during various stages of urinary bladder carcinogenesis. In addition, we evaluated the mRNA expression profiles for p27(KIP1), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53 in tumors. Fisher 344 rats were initiated with 0.05% BBN in the drinking water for 4 weeks and then administered 5% Na-AsA in the diet. Immunohistochemical examination revealed p27(KIP1) protein to be constitutively expressed in normal urothelium, simple hyperplasia and in most papillary and nodular (PN) hyperplasias and small papillomas, but diminished or absent in large papillomas and in transitional cell carcinomas. An inverse correlation between expression of p27(KIP1) and cell proliferation was generally observed. Quantitation of mRNA by multiplex reverse transcription-PCR showed a significant downregulaton of p27(KIP1), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53 mRNA in tumors. More than 50% reduction in p27(KIP1) mRNA expression was observed in 42 and 47% of tumors at weeks 18 and 24, respectively; similar reduction in p21(WAF1/Cip1) mRNA expression was observed in 58 and 73% of tumors at weeks 18 and 24, and in p53 mRNA expression in 50 and 73% of tumors at weeks 18 and 24, respectively. None of the 25 tumors we examined by PCR-single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis had p53 mutations. These data imply that abnormal down-regulation of p27(KIP1), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and/or p53 in tumor cells may contribute to the malignant progression of tumors during rat two-stage bladder carcinogenesis.
Induction of nerve growth factor receptors on cultured human melanocytes. (1988)

Normal differentiation and malignant transformation of human melanocytes involve a complex series of interactions during which both genetic and environmental factors play roles. At present, the regulation of these processes is poorly understood. We have induced the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors on cultured human melanocytes with phorbol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate and have correlated this event with the appearance of a more differentiated, dendritic morphology. Criteria for NGF receptor expression included protein accumulation and cell-surface immunofluorescent staining with a monoclonal antibody directed against the human receptor and induction of the messenger RNA species as determined by blot-hybridization studies. The presence of the receptor could also be induced by UV irradiation or growth factor deprivation. The NGF receptor is inducible in cultured human melanocytes, and we suggest that NGF may modulate the behavior of this neural crest-derived cell in the skin.
IQGAP3, a novel effector of Rac1 and Cdc42, regulates neurite outgrowth (2007)

Rac1 and Cdc42, members of the Rho family GTPases, control diverse cellular processes such as cell migration and morphogenesis through their effectors. Among the effectors, IQGAP1 plays pivotal roles in the establishment of cytoskeletal architecture and intercellular adhesions in various cells. However, its roles remain to be clarified, especially in neuronal cells. We have identified IQGAP3 as a novel member of the IQGAP family, which is highly expressed in brain. We found that IQGAP3, an effector of Rac1 and Cdc42, associates directly with actin filaments and accumulates asymmetrically at the distal region of axons in hippocampal neurons. The depletion of IQGAP3 impairs neurite or axon outgrowth in neuronal cells with the disorganized cytoskeleton, but depletion of IQGAP1 does not. Furthermore, IQGAP3 is indispensable for Rac1/Cdc42-promoted neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that IQGAP3 can link the activation of Rac1 and Cdc42 with the cytoskeletal architectures during neuronal morphogenesis.
Object Recognition as Machine Translation – Part 2: Exploiting Image Database Clustering Models (2001)

We treat object recognition as a process of attaching words to images and image regions. To accomplish this we exploit clustering methods which learn the joint statistics of words and image regions. We show how these models can then be used to attach words to images outside the training set. This “auto-annotation” process has applications such as image indexing, as well as being related to object recognition. Predicted words can be compared to actual words associated with images in a held out set, and we introduce several performance measures based on this observation. These measures are then used to make principled comparisons of model variants, and proposed enhancements. Word prediction is most simply done as a function of the entire image. However, for recognition we need to learn the correspondence between words and specific image regions. Here we first show that the existing models can be used for this purpose, and then we propose modifications to improve performance based on this goal. Finally, we propose word prediction performance as a segmentation measure and report the results for two segmentation approaches.
Analysis of a clinical trial involving a combined mortality and adherence dependent interval censored endpoint (1992)

Clinical trials often involve a variety of clinical and laboratory measures that are used as endpoints and sometimes two of these measures are combined in one endpoint. When the individual components of such a combined endpoint are 'time to event' measurements, the analysis is straightforward if each of the components is measured frequently and regularly over time. However, the analysis of the combined endpoint is more difficult when one component of the endpoint is right censored and the other is interval censored. This paper describes a statistic, based on a rank ordering of events for such a combined measure. The power of the test statistic is explored.
Direct enumeration ofBorrelia-reactive CD4 T cellsex vivoby using MHC class II tetramers (2000)

We characterized antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells in six patients with treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis, using an HLA-DRB1*0401 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II tetramer covalently loaded with OspA(164-175), an immunodominant epitope of Borrelia burgdorferi. Direct analysis of OspA-tetramer binding CD4(+) cells in patients expressing the HLA-DRB1*0401 allele revealed frequencies of between <0.005 and 0.1% in peripheral blood (n = 6), and between <0.005 and 3.1% in synovial fluid (n = 3). OspA-tetramer(+)CD4(+) cells were directly cloned at 1 cell per well and expanded by mitogen and IL-2 on allogeneic feeder cells. As measured by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, 95% of 168 T cell clones from synovial fluid binding the OspA-tetramer were antigen-reactive. Clones generated from peripheral blood revealed a different pattern of responsiveness when compared with clones generated from synovial fluid, as measured by proliferation, IFN-gamma, and IL-13 secretion. These clones, selected on the basis of their peptide binding, also responded to whole protein, but with a different cytokine profile. Our studies demonstrate that MHC class II tetramers can be used in humans to directly identify, isolate, and characterize antigen-reactive T cells from an inflammatory compartment.
Constitutive Expression of Inter-α-inhibitor (IαI) Family Proteins and Tumor Necrosis Factor-stimulated Gene-6 (TSG-6) by Human Amniotic Membrane Epithelial and Stromal Cells Supporting Formation of the Heavy Chain-Hyaluronan (HC-HA) Complex (2012)

Recently, we reported HC-HA, a covalent complex formed between heavy chains (HCs) of inter-α-inhibitor (IαI) and hyaluronan (HA) by the catalytic action of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), is responsible for human amniotic membrane (AM) anti-inflammatory, anti-scarring, and anti-angiogenic actions. At the present time, the only well characterized source of IαI is serum being produced by the liver. This study showed that AM epithelial and stromal cells and stromal matrix all stained positively for HA, HC 1, 2, and 3, bikunin, and TSG-6. TSG-6 mRNA and protein were constitutively expressed by cultured AM epithelial and stromal cells without being up-regulated by TNF. In serum-free conditions, these cells expressed IαI, leading to the formation of HC-HA complex that contained both HC1 and HC2. In contrast, only HC1 was found in the HC-HA complex purified from AM. Local production of IαI, the HC-TSG-6 intermediate complex, and HC-HA were abolished when cells were treated with siRNA to HC1, HC2, bikunin (all of which impair the biosynthesis of IαI), or TSG-6 but not to HC3. Collectively, these results indicate that AM is another tissue in addition to the liver to constitutively produce IαI and that the HC-HA complex made by this tissue is different from that found at inflammatory sites (e.g. in asthma and arthritis) and in the matrix of the cumulus oocyte complex.
Principles and practice of brachytherapy (1997)

Dedication Acknowledgments Contributors Preface I. Basic Principles:Principles of Brachytherapy History of Brachytherapy: The Years After the Discovery of Radium and Radioactivity Radiobiology Basic Physics of Brachytherapy Instrumentation and Equipment Calibration of Brachytherapy Sources Quality Assurance in Brachytherapy Brachytherapy Treatment Planning Imaging Applications in Brachytherapy Radiation Protection II. Clinical Body Sites:Brachytherapy for Skin Cancer Interstitial Radiation Therapy for Brain Tumours Brachytherapy for Cancer of the Head and Neck Brachytherapy for Ocular Disease Esophageal Brachytherapy Brachytherapy of Lung Cancer Breast Extrahepatic Bile Duct and Liver Cancer Cancer of the Pancreas Endocavitary and Brachytherapy Techniques in the Conservative Mamagement of Anorectal Cancers Brahytherapy for Prostate Cancer Bladder Cancer of the Female Urethra Brachytherapy for Cancer of the Penis Low-Dose-Rate Intracavity Brachytherapy for Carcinoma of the Uterine Cerix High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Cervical Carcinoma Interstitial Implantation of Gynecologic Malignancies Brachytherapy for Endometrial Carcinoma Cancer of the Vagina Soft Tissue Sarcomas Brachytherapy for Pediatric Tumors III. Special Topics:Nursing Management of the Brachytherapy Patient Pulsed Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Interstitial Thermo-Brachytherapy Californium-252 Neutron Brachytherapy Endovascular Brachytherapy Brachytherapy in the New Millennium In Memoriam Index