gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human heart failure: cAMP stimulation of SR Ca2+-ATPase activity and phosphorylation level of phospholamban (1999)

Failing human myocardium has been associated with decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase activity. There remains controversy as to whether the regulation of SR Ca(2+)-ATPase activity is altered in heart failure or whether decreased SR Ca(2+)-ATPase activity is due to changes in SR Ca(2+)-ATPase or phospholamban expression. We therefore investigated whether alterations in cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of phospholamban may be responsible for the reduced SR Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in human heart failure. Protein levels of phospholamban and SR Ca(2+)-ATPase, detected by Western blot, were unchanged in failing compared with nonfailing human myocardium. There was decreased responsiveness to the direct activation of the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase activity by either cAMP (0.01-100 micromol/l) or protein kinase A (1-30 microgram) in failing myocardium. Using the backphosphorylation technique, we observed a decrease of the cAMP-dependent phosphorylation level of phospholamban by 20 +/- 2%. It is concluded that the impaired SR function in human end-stage heart failure may be due, in part, to a reduced cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of phospholamban.
Pain on injection with microemulsion propofol (2008)

Higher aqueous free propofol concentrations of microemulsion propofol produce more frequent and severe pain. The plasma kallikrein-kinin system may not be involved, and the agents that reduce injection pain may not act by decreasing aqueous free propofol concentrations.
Gene silencing as a threat to the success of gene therapy (2000)

Eukaryotes deploy elaborate defensive systems to protect the structure of their genomes and to oppose the expression of abnormal or alien transcription units. In mammals, the insertion of retroviral DNA or the incorporation of repeat arrays can trigger transcriptional silencing of the inserted sequences, usually via mechanisms that involve methylation of DNA within regulatory regions. Fungi and plants have similar methylation-based systems and also employ diverse post-transcriptional mechanisms to reduce or eliminate the expression of alien transcription units, mechanisms that operate even in organisms that apparently lack the capacity to methylate their DNA. Given their ubiquity in other eukaryotes, it is likely that similar post-transcriptional silencing mechanisms will be found to operate in mammals as well. I argue here that gene silencing mechanisms are diverse and efficient and are likely to represent a barrier to many forms of gene therapy. For this reason, it will be necessary to develop gene therapy vectors that are both resistant to host defensive measures and efficient in terms of delivery and expression.
Diploidized Haploids From Aseptically Cultured Anthers of Nicotiana tabacum (1972)

Journal Article Diploidized Haploids From Aseptically Cultured Anthers of Nicotiana tabacum: A colchicine method applicable to plant breeding Get access L. G. BURK, L. G. BURK Research geneticist Plant Science Research Division, U. S. Department of AgricultureOxford, North Carolina 27565Department of Genetics Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. R. GWYNN, G. R. GWYNN Research agronomists Plant Science Research Division, U. S. Department of AgricultureOxford, North Carolina 27565Department of Crop Science Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. F. CHAPLIN J. F. CHAPLIN Plant Science Research Division, U. S. Department of AgricultureOxford, North Carolina 27565 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 63, Issue 6, November 1972, Pages 355–360, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108316 Published: 01 November 1972
Successful smoking cessation with electronic cigarettes in smokers with a documented history of recurring relapses: a case series (2011)

This is the first time that objective measures of smoking cessation are reported for smokers who quit successfully after using an E-cigarette. This was accomplished in smokers who repeatedly failed in previous attempts with professional smoking cessation assistance using the usual nicotine dependence treatments and smoking cessation counselling.
Interferometric measurements of femtosecond group delay in optical components (1988)

We report direct measurements of the frequency dependence of the optical group delay for a number of optical components commonly used in femtosecond optics. We have investigated the group-delay errors that occur on reflection from metal and dielectric mirrors under various conditions and passage through devices that introduce angular dispersion. We obtain measurement accuracy of about ±1 fsec over the spectral range of 400–750 nm.
Development of a fully-integrated ultrasensitive wireless sensor utilizing carbon nanotubes and surface plasmon theory (2008)

A practical application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for the realization of an ultrasensitive, fully-integrated, fully-packaged wireless sensor, that can operate in microwave frequencies based on the gas sensitivity of carbon nanotube (CNT) mixtures, is proposed. The sensor consists of a corrugated aluminum plate whose surface is periodically covered with a thin layer of the CNT materials. The incident TM-polarized waves on this surface excite the surface plasmon (SP) mode, thus resulting in a drop of power of the reflected wave. The change in the electrical properties of the CNT mixtures when exposed to gases results in the change of the SPR observable in the reflected waves. For the first time, a CNT-based wireless sensor has been designed to show a frequency shift of 400 MHz while operating in the 60 GHz range.
Percutaneous Absorption of Vanilloids: In Vivo and in Vitro Studies (1997)

The percutaneous absorption of three highly lipophilic analogs of capsaicin--vanillylnonanamide (VN), olvanil, and NE-21610--was measured in vivo in the CD:VAF rat, and in vitro through excised CD: VAF and SkH:Fz rat skin and human cadaver skin. Absorption and skin metabolism were monitored by radiolabel techniques. The rank order of penetration in all species was VN > olvanil > NE-21610, in accordance with that expected from their physical properties. Rat skin was more permeable than human skin by factors ranging from 4 to 8 for VN, 10 to 20 for olvanil, and approximately 10 to 100 for NE-21610. All three compounds were extensively metabolized during passage through fresh SkH:Fz rat skin, with the primary route of degradation for at least two of the compounds involving hydrolysis of the amide bond (the metabolites of NE-21610 were not identified). For the in vitro studies a range of receptor solutions was employed to determine a set of conditions that best mimicked in vivo absorption. The results with phosphate-buffered saline containing a preservative and 1-6% polyoxyethylene-20 oleyl ether (Oleth-20) were in good agreement with in vivo results for all three compounds for periods up to 24 h post-dose; after this time, in vivo absorption rates declined but in vitro rates remained relatively constant. Buffered saline or saline containing 0.5% bovine serum albumin led to marked underestimates of in vivo penetration for olvanil and NE-21610, whereas a 1:1 ethanol: water solution led to gross overestimates of the in vivo absorption rates for all three compounds.
Near-minimum time, closed-loop slewing of flexible spacecraft (1990)

The near-minimum time single-axis slewing of a flexible spacecraft with simultaneous suppression of vibration of elastic modes is considered. The hyperbolic tangent (tahh) function is used as a smooth approximation to the discontinuous sgn function occurring in the rigid body bang-bang control. Variable structure control concepts are used to identify the necessary characteristics of the control switching line. Simulations of the rest-to-rest and tracking maneuvers indicate that the elastic energy can be reduced by several orders of magnitude with only a modest increase in the maneuver time. Introduction M ANY future large space structures, due to mass con- traints, will be flexible. For the purpose of analysis these systems can be modeled with a large number of modes of vibration. For certain applications, it will be desirable that such a spacecraft be able to slew as rapidly as possible, within the operating limits of the control actuators. The problem of control design for rotational maneuver and vibration suppres- sion of flexible spacecraft has been addressed extensively.1'10 Optimal control theory can be applied to enforce quiescent terminal conditions on the flexible modes, usually by applying a quadratic cost function that weights the control rates and the states. The order of the system model grows rapidly as the number of flexible modes to be controlled is increased, mak- ing it impractical to attempt to control more than a few flexible modes. Furthermore, there is no rigorous means by which control magnitude constraints may be enforced. Al- though a feedback method such as the linear quadratic regula- tor (LQR) with terminal constraints911 is attractive because it can enforce quiescent conditions oh the elastic modes, its computational complexity is burdensome. The optimal control solution to the minimum time, single- axis, rotational maneuver problem for a rigid body gives a control scheme characterized by saturation of the control throughout the maneuver with at most one control switch that is instantaneous (bang-bang). Although not exactly achiev- able in physical systems, and even though the trajectories are extremely sensitive to variations in spacecraft parameters, this control law has wide application for rigid systems using on-off thrusters. When rigorously applied to flexible systems, how- ever, the result is typically multiple control switches and excessive excitation of the flexible modes of vibration. Previ- ous investigations of the near-time optimal maneuver for flexible systems7'8 are open-loop designs requiring extensive computational effort. An alternative is to compute the re- quired parameters for a number of initial conditions off-line and use table lookup and interpolation for a particular ma- neuver. This may involve excessive storage. We start with the assumption that the minimum time solution for a rigid space- craft can serve as an initial approximation to the near-mini- mum time solution for a flexible structure. In other words, we
Characterisation of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Copper(II), Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Dipbenates with Heterocyclic Amines (1986)

Department of Chemistry, University of Roorkce, Roorkee-247 667 <em>Manuscript received 16 January 1986 revised 21 April 1986, accepted 25 June 1986</em> Characterisation of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Copper(II), Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Dipbenates with Heterocyclic Amines
The Current Bottleneck for Computer-Based Culture Training – Who Cares about Etiquette? (2010)

Computerized training systems may be the only viable solution to accommodate the quickly evolving learning needs, the short lead time, and the large number of students that must prepare for cross-cultural interactions. However, current systems place emphasis on language training, which is only part of the equation in effective communication. Knowledge about culturally dependent social norms directly impacts the interaction outcome. A dynamic, customizable, computationally tractable model for the code of conduct, or etiquette, can alert us of the specific communication protocols of groups of interest, and can prevent over-generalizations which can be detrimental to the end goal. We may not consciously care, or even be aware of etiquette, but it impacts our trust and affect for individuals, and ultimately shapes our subsequent actions. We have adapted a socio-linguistic model of human-human interaction for use in language and culture training. This computational model increases the social intelligence of virtual actors by allowing them to act and react to human students in ways that are more aligned with the humans they simulate. Capabilities for virtual agents to reason about and select actions not only enhances interaction fidelity, but can also result in time and cost savings in training scenario generation and maintenance.
High-accuracy stereo depth maps using structured light (2003)

Progress in stereo algorithm performance is quickly outpacing the ability of existing stereo data sets to discriminate among the best-performing algorithms, motivating the need for more challenging scenes with accurate ground truth information. This paper describes a method for acquiring high-complexity stereo image pairs with pixel-accurate correspondence information using structured light. Unlike traditional range-sensing approaches, our method does not require the calibration of the light sources and yields registered disparity maps between all pairs of cameras and illumination projectors. We present new stereo data sets acquired with our method and demonstrate their suitability for stereo algorithm evaluation. Our results are available at http://www.middlebury.edu/stereo/.
Nanotransfer printing by use of noncovalent surface forces: Applications to thin-film transistors that use single-walled carbon nanotube networks and semiconducting polymers (2004)

We report a purely additive nanotransfer printing process that uses noncovalent surface forces to guide the transfer of thin metal films from low-energy surfaces of high-resolution stamps to a variety of substrates. Structures with dimensions as small as a few hundred nanometers, with edge roughness as small as 10nm are demonstrated. Metal multilayer stacks patterned in this way have electrical resistances that are the same as those formed by evaporation and conventional lithography. Thin-film transistors that use source/drain electrodes printed directly onto thin films of the semiconducting polymer regioregular polythiophene and networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes exhibit device mobilities and on/off ratios that are comparable to or higher than those of devices fabricated using standard methods.
MicroRNA-196 inhibits HOXB8 expression in myeloid differentiation of HL60 cells (2004)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs (approximately 21-25 nts) that can regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. Recently a large number of miRNAs have been identified from plants and animals. In addition, it has been reported that these small RNAs can participate in cell differentiation of developmental timing. In this study, we show that microRNA-196 (miR-196) inhibits HOXB8 expression in myeloid differentiation of HL 60 cells. MiR-196 has perfect complementarity with target sequence of 3'-UTR in HOXB8 mRNA. Exogenous expressed miR-196 repressed expression of HOXB8 via cleaving mRNAs. Moreover miR-196 enhanced myeloid differentiation of HL60 cells. These results suggest that miR-196 participates in myeloid differentiation of HL60 cells via regulation of HOXB8 expression.
The Phosphorylation of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor eIF4E in Response to Phorbol Esters, Cell Stresses, and Cytokines Is Mediated by Distinct MAP Kinase Pathways (1998)

Initiation factor eIF4E binds to the 5'-cap of eukaryotic mRNAs and plays a key role in the mechanism and regulation of translation. It may be regulated through its own phosphorylation and through inhibitory binding proteins (4E-BPs), which modulate its availability for initiation complex assembly. eIF4E phosphorylation is enhanced by phorbol esters. We show, using specific inhibitors, that this involves both the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and Erk signaling pathways. Cell stresses such as arsenite and anisomycin and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta also cause increased phosphorylation of eIF4E, which is abolished by the specific p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, SB203580. These changes in eIF4E phosphorylation parallel the activity of the eIF4E kinase, Mnk1. However other stresses such as heat shock, sorbitol, and H2O2, which also stimulate p38 MAP kinase and increase Mnk1 activity, do not increase phosphorylation of eIF4E. The latter stresses increase the binding of eIF4E to 4E-BP1, and we show that this blocks the phosphorylation of eIF4E by Mnk1 in vitro, which may explain the absence of an increase in eIF4E phosphorylation under these conditions.
Substrate Specificity and Kinetics of Degradation of Antisense Oligonucleotides by a 3′ Exonuclease in Plasma (1991)

The pathways of degradation of oligodeoxynucleotides in plasma from several mammalian species, including human, were investigated. In all cases, hydrolysis occurred exclusively by a 3' to 5' exonucleolytic activity. Human, mouse, and rat plasma degraded oligonucleotides in this fashion at comparable rates, whereas rabbit plasma was severalfold more active. Single-stranded oligonucleotides were more susceptible to hydrolysis than double-stranded oligonucleotides. The rate of hydrolysis was sequence dependent: 3' pyrimidine nucleotides were cleaved more rapidly than 3' purines. The Km and Vmax values for an oligonucleotide 15-mer with the sequence TAGCACCATGGTTTC in human plasma were 50 microM and 4.5 microM/min, respectively. Substitution of the 3'-terminal phosphodiester internucleoside linkage with a phosphotriester rendered this substrate completely resistant to hydrolysis, showing that the enzyme is a pure 3' to 5' exonuclease and that there are no other nucleolytic activities in plasma. Modification at this position is required to inhibit rapid nuclease degradation of antisense compounds in vivo and in tissue culture systems requiring serum.
Superhydrophobic Polyolefin Surfaces:  Controlled Micro- and Nanostructures (2007)

Superhydrophobic polyolefin surfaces were prepared by simultaneous micro- and nanostructuring. Electropolished aluminum foil was microstructured with a micro working robot and then anodized in polyprotic acid. The surface microstructure can be tailored by adjusting the settings of the micro working robot and the nanostructure by adjusting the parameters of the anodization procedure. Surface structuring was done by injection molding where a microstructured anodized aluminum oxide mold insert was used to pattern the surfaces. Structuring had a marked effect on the contact angle between the injection-molded polyolefins and water. When the optimized microstructure was covered with nanostructure, the static contact angle between polypropylene and water obtained a value of about 165 degrees and the sliding angle decreased to about 2.5 degrees. The superhydrophobic state was achieved.
Systemic lupus erythematosus and risk of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (2017)

We performed a meta-analysis to identify the association between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and preterm birth. In this study, we studied the effects of SLE, SLE disease activity, a history of nephritis and active nephritis on preterm birth. Searches were conducted before 20 May 2016 of PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane Library of literature and article reference lists. Eleven observational case-control studies and thirteen cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled relative risk (RR) for the risk of preterm birth in SLE patients versus controls was 2.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.72-3.32); for active SLE patients versus inactive was 2.98 (95% CI: 2.32-3.83); for SLE patients with a history of lupus nephritis versus those without nephritis it was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.35-1.95); and for SLE patients with active nephritis versus those with quiescent nephritis it was 1.78 (95% CI: 1.17-2.70). In summary, this study identified a significant association in the above results. This association was more significant in active SLE patients versus inactive. With respect to SLE itself, active inflammation (such as disease activity) may be more hazardous for the management of the pregnancy. This suggests that it is essential to control disease activity in order to achieve a better outcome of SLE pregnancy.
Gastric mucosal barrier: hydrophobic lining to the lumen of the stomach (1983)

The contact angle subtended between a droplet of aqueous fluid and nonwettable surfaces provides a direct estimation of their degree of hydrophobicity. The mean contact angle recorded in dogs at the oxyntic mucosal surface was 85.2 degrees, a value characteristic of acid-resistant substances such as polyethylene. This indicates that the mucosal surface of the stomach has a hydrophobic lining that may be attributed to the surface-active phospholipids known to be present in both the gastric mucosa and juice. Barrier breakers such as bile and aspirin were found virtually to eliminate the hydrophobicity. Hydrophobicity was found to be different in the esophagus, antrum, proximal and distal duodenum, and the colon but consistent with their resistance to acid attack. Endogenous surfactants are discussed for their capability to provide a cohesive and strongly adsorbed protective monolayer--a physical model for the gastric mucosal barrier compatible with the major properties of the gastric lining and many features of ulcerogenesis, including the protection afforded by prostaglandins.
Amniotic Membrane Transplantation After the Primary Surgical Management of Band Keratopathy (2001)

Amniotic membrane transplantation represents a safe and effective method to restore a stable corneal epithelium in eyes after primary surgical removal of band keratopathy arising from ocular causes.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Activity Is Critical for Neuronal Death Caused by Inhibiting Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase or Akt but Not for Death Caused by Nerve Growth Factor Withdrawal (2000)

Numerous studies reveal that phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and Akt protein kinase are important mediators of cell survival. However, the survival-promoting mechanisms downstream of these enzymes remain uncharacterized. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta), which is inhibited upon phosphorylation by Akt, was recently shown to function during cell death induced by PI 3-kinase inhibitors. In this study, we tested whether GSK-3 beta is critical for the death of sympathetic neurons caused by the withdrawal of their physiological survival factor, the nerve growth factor (NGF). Stimulation with NGF resulted in PI 3-kinase-dependent phosphorylation of GSK-3 beta and inhibition of its protein kinase activity, indicating that GSK-3 beta is targeted by PI 3-kinase/Akt in these neurons. Expression of the GSK-3 beta inhibitor Frat1, but not a mutant Frat1 protein that does not bind GSK-3 beta, rescued neurons from death caused by inhibiting PI 3-kinase. Similarly, expression of Frat1 or kinase-deficient GSK-3 beta reduced death caused by inhibiting Akt. In NGF-maintained neurons, overexpression of GSK-3 beta caused a small but significant decrease in survival. However, expression of neither Frat1, kinase-deficient GSK-3 beta, nor GSK-3-binding protein inhibited NGF withdrawal-induced death. Thus, although GSK-3 beta function is required for death caused by inactivation of PI 3-kinase and Akt, neuronal death caused by NGF withdrawal can proceed through GSK-3 beta-independent pathways.