gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Data Centric Storage based on Adaptive Local Trajectory for Sensor Networks (2008)

센서 네트워크에서 데이터 저장소 기법은 해쉬 테이블을 기반으로 네트워크상의 센서노드들을 저장소로 간주한다. 센서노드들은 해쉬 테이블에서 추출된 노드에 데이터를 저장하며 질의를 전송하는 사용자들도 해쉬 테이블을 이용하여 원하는 데이터가 저장된 센서노드에 접근한다. 이러한 데이터 저장소 기법의 문제점들 중 하나는 데이터를 저장하는 노드에 질의가 집중될 경우 질의에 대한 응답시간이 길어질 수 있으며 부하집중으로 에너지가 빠르게 고갈되어 네트워크 수명이 단축될 수 있다는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 적응적 지역 트라젝토리 기반의 데이터 저장소 (Data Centric Storage based on Adaptive Local Trajectory, ALT)기법을 제안한다. ALT기법에서는 데이터를 저장할 노드를 중심으로 트라젝토리를 형성하며 질의 빈도의 변화에 따라 적응적으로 트라젝토리 범위를 변화시킨다. 실험을 통하여 제안하는 ALT기법이 기존의 데이터 저장소 기법에 비해 질의 빈도에 따라 빠른 응답시간을 제공함을 보이며 질의처리를 위한 부하가 여러 노드로 분산됨을 보인다. 또한 이를 통하여 노드의 에너지 소모도 분산됨으로써 네트워크 수명을 연장할 수 있음을 설명한다. Sensor nodes are used as a storage space in the data centric storage method for sensor networks. Sensor nodes save the data to the node which is computed by hash table and users also access to the node to get the data by using hash table. One of the problems which the data centric storage method has is that queries from many users who are interested in the popular data could be concentrated to one node. In this case, responses for queries could be delayed and the energy of heavy loaded node could be dissipated fast. This would lead to reduction of network life time. In this paper, ALT, Data Centric Storage based on Adaptive Local Trajectory, is proposed as scalable data centric storage method for sensor network. ALT constructs trajectory around the storage node. The scope of trajectory is increased or decreased based on the query frequency. ALT distributes the query processing loads to several nodes so that delay of response is reduced and energy dissipation is also distributed.
The MDM2 gene amplification database (1998)

The p53 tumor suppressor gene is inactivated in human tumors by several distinct mechanisms. The best characterized inactivation mechanisms are: (i) gene mutation; (ii) p53 protein association with viral proteins; (iii) p53 protein association with the MDM2 cellular oncoprotein. The MDM2 gene has been shown to be abnormally up-regulated in human tumors and tumor cell lines by gene amplification, increased transcript levels and enhanced translation. This communication presents a brief review of the spectrum of MDM2 abnormalities in human tumors and compares the tissue distribution of MDM2 amplification and p53 mutation frequencies. In this study, 3889 samples from tumors or xenografts from 28 tumor types were examined for MDM2 amplification from previously published sources. The overall frequency of MDM2 amplification in these human tumors was 7%. Gene amplification was observed in 19 tumor types, with the highest frequency observed in soft tissue tumors (20%), osteosarcomas (16%) and esophageal carcinomas (13%). Tumors which showed a higher incidence of MDM2 amplification than p53 mutation were soft tissue tumors, testicular germ cell cancers and neuro-blastomas. Data from studies where both MDM2 amplification and p53 mutations were analyzed within the same samples showed that mutations in these two genes do not generally occur within the same tumor. In these studies, 29 out of a total of 33 MDM2 amplification-positive tumors had wild-type p53. We hypothesize that heretofore uncharacterized carcinogens favor MDM2 amplification over p53 mutations in certain tumor types. A database listing the MDM2 gene amplifications is available on the World Wide Web at http://www. infosci.coh.org/mdm2 . Charts of MDM2 amplification frequencies and comparisons with p53 genetic alterations are also available at this Web site.
Optimizing classifier performance via an approximation to the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney statistic (2003)

When the goal is to achieve the best correct classification rate, cross entropy and mean squared error are typical cost functions used to optimize classifier performance. However, for many real-world classification problems, the ROC curve is a more meaningful performance measure. We demonstrate that minimizing cross entropy or mean squared error does not necessarily maximize the area under the ROC curve (AUC). We then consider alternative objective functions for training a classifier to maximize the AUC directly. We propose an objective function that is an approximation to the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney statistic, which is equivalent to the AUC. The proposed objective function is differentiable, so gradient-based methods can be used to train the classifier. We apply the new objective function to real-world customer behavior prediction problems for a wireless service provider and a cable service provider, and achieve reliable improvements in the ROC curve. 1.
Rusfertide (PTG-300), a Hepcidin Mimetic, Maintains Liver Iron Concentration in the Absence of Phlebotomies in Patients with Hereditary Hemochromatosis (2021)

Abstract Introduction: Patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) require continued phlebotomies to limit end-organ damage. Approximately 25% of patients in maintenance felt receiving phlebotomies was "inconvenient" or "very inconvenient" (Brisott et al, 2011). Patient compliance with phlebotomies generally declines with time (Hicken et al, 2003), and therapeutic phlebotomies may not be medically suitable for some HH patients. Rusfertide, a peptide mimetic of hepcidin, is an effective regulator of iron distribution and utilization that has demonstrated control of iron in an animal model of HH. Methods: We conducted an open-label, dose-finding efficacy study that investigated subcutaneous rusfertide in HH patients on a stable phlebotomy regimen of 0.25 to 1 phlebotomy per month for at least 6 months. Patients with clinical laboratory abnormalities and those receiving iron chelation therapy or erythrocytapheresis were excluded. Subjects received individually titrated rusfertide doses once or twice a week to maintain transferrin saturation (TSAT) below 45% and were followed for 6 months. Study measures included TSAT, serum iron, transferrin and ferritin, liver iron concentration (LIC) measured by MRI, and adverse events (AEs). Results: Sixteen subjects (10 male/6 female) were enrolled. Mean age and weight were 62.5 years and 88.1 kg, respectively. LIC values were maintained at pre-study levels, with minimal use of phlebotomies during the duration of the study (Figure 1A). Average pre-study phlebotomy rate was 0.27 phlebotomies/month compared to 0.03 phlebotomies/month during the study (p&amp;lt;0.0001; Figure 1B). There was a dose- and concentration-dependent decrease in serum iron and TSAT (Figure 2A and 2B). Transferrin levels were relatively constant over the course of the study. There were no notable changes in hematological parameters such as hematocrit, erythrocytes, leucocytes, or platelets. Rusfertide was generally well tolerated. Adverse events reported in 2 or more subjects included diarrhea, fatigue, injection site reactions (erythema, induration, pain, pruritis), dizziness, and headache. Conclusions: Rusfertide demonstrated a pharmacodynamic effect in reducing TSAT and serum iron, with corresponding significant reduction in the number of phlebotomies, and with LIC maintained at pre-study levels with minimal use of phlebotomies. These data indicate rusfertide was well tolerated in patients with HH and controls LIC, supporting development of rusfertide as a potential treatment for HH. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Kowdley: PTG: Consultancy, Research Funding. Modi: Protagonist Therapeutics: Current Employment. Valone: Protagonist Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Gupta: Protagonist Therapeutics: Current Employment.
Critical Role for Ebf1 and Ebf2 in the Adipogenic Transcriptional Cascade (2006)

The Ebf (O/E) family of helix-loop-helix transcription factors plays a significant role in B lymphocyte and neuronal development. The three primary members of this family, Ebf1, 2, and 3, are all expressed in adipocytes, and Ebf1 promotes adipogenesis when overexpressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Here we report that these three proteins have adipogenic potential in multiple cellular models and that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is required for this effect, at least in part due to direct activation of the PPARgamma1 promoter by Ebf1. Ebf1 also directly binds to and activates the C/EBPalpha promoter, which exerts positive feedback on C/EBPdelta expression. Despite this, C/EBPalpha is dispensable for the adipogenic action of Ebf proteins. Ebf1 itself is induced by C/EBPbeta and delta, which bind and activate its promoter. Reduction of Ebf1 and Ebf2 proteins by specific short hairpin RNA blocks differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting a critical role for these factors and the absence of functional redundancy between members of this family. Altogether, these data place Ebf1 within the known transcriptional cascade of adipogenesis and suggest critical roles for Ebf1 and Ebf2.
A blue-light-activated GTP-binding protein in the plasma membranes of etiolated peas. (1991)

Heterotrimeric GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) have been identified as part of signal transduction systems in a wide variety of organisms. In this paper, we establish the presence of a G protein associated with the plasma membranes of the apical bud of etiolated peas. The GTPase activity is induced by low fluences of blue light administered to plasma membrane-enriched fractions. The activity is not responsive to red-light irradiation and is specific for GTP. The threshold for the excitation of the GTPase activity in vitro is less than 10(-1) mumol.m-2 of blue light, consistent with participation in the blue low-fluence system identified in the same tissue. A 40-kDa polypeptide is recognized by polyclonal antisera directed against the alpha subunit of the G protein transducin. The polypeptide also serves as a substrate for ADP-ribosylation by cholera and pertussis toxins. The ability of the 40-kDa polypeptide to serve as substrate for the toxin-mediated ribosylation is mediated by blue-light irradiation, implying that the 40-kDa polypeptide is the alpha subunit of a blue-light-stimulated G protein. The 40-kDa polypeptide binds a nonhydrolyzable photoaffinity-labeling analog of GTP only after irradiation with blue light. The protein we have described may function as an alpha subunit of a G protein active in the process of light-mediated development in higher plants.
Frontal polymerizations carried out in deep-eutectic mixtures providing both the monomers and the polymerization medium (2011)

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) based upon mixtures of Acrylic Acid (AA) or Methacrylic Acid (MAA) and Choline Chloride (CCl) demonstrated superior performance than regular organic solvents and even ionic liquids for frontal polymerizations (FPs). Full recovering of CCl after FP provided an interesting green character to the process.
Pulmonary surfactant (1982)

Pulmonary surfactant reduces the surface tension of the alveolar air-liquid interface, thereby providing mechanical stability and preventing alveolar atelectasis. More than 50% of surfactant is dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, a material that is capable of reducing the surface tension of the alveolar interface to uniquely low values. The functions of the remaining 25% unsaturated phosphatidylcholines, 5-10% phosphatidylglycerol, 5% cholesterol, and 8-10% protein are unknown. Surfactant is synthesized by alveolar epithelial type II cells and is probably secreted as a lipoprotein complex. Lamellar bodies, which distinguish type II cells, are likely to be intracellular sites of transport of processing. The catabolism of surfactant after it is secreted into the alveolar lumen is complicated and involves different turnover times for the phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylglycerol, and the proteins. The metabolic events are under hormonal control and may involve an interplay between beta-adrenergic agonists cAMP, and prostaglandins. In disease, such as the neonatal and adult respiratory distress syndromes, derangements in the metabolic processes may produce surfactant that is abnormal with respect to its chemical and physical properties.
LRRC4 inhibits human glioblastoma cells proliferation, invasion, and proMMP‐2 activation by reducing SDF‐1α/CXCR4‐mediated ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways (2007)

Gliomas take a number of different genetic routes in the progression to glioblastoma multiforme, a highly invasive variant that is mostly unresponsive to current therapies. The alpha-chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 alpha binds to the seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled CXCR-4 receptor and acts to modulate cell migration and proliferation by activating multiple signal transduction pathways. Leucine-rich repeats containing 4 (LRRC4), a putative glioma suppressive gene, inhibits glioblastoma cells tumorigenesis in vivo and cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. We also previously demonstrated that LRRC4 controlled glioblastoma cells proliferation by ERK/AKT/NF-kappa B signaling pathway. In the present study, we demonstrate that CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is expressed in human glioblastoma U251 cell line, and that SDF-1 alpha increases the proliferation, chemotaxis, and invasion in CXCR4+ glioblastoma U251 cells through the activation of ERK1/2 and Akt. The reintroduction of LRRC4 in U251 cells inhibits the expression of CXCR4 and SDF-1 alpha/CXCR4 axis-mediated downstream intracellular pathways such as ERK1/2 and Akt leading to proliferate, chemotactic and invasive effects. Furthermore, we provide evidence for proMMP-2 activation involvement in the SDF-1 alpha/CXCR4 axis-mediated signaling pathway. LRRC4 significantly inhibits proMMP-2 activation by SDF-1 alpha/CXCR4 axis-mediated ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggest a possible important "cross-talk" between LRRC4 and SDF-1 alpha/CXCR4 axis-mediated intracellular pathways that can link signals of cell proliferation, chemotaxis and invasion in glioblastoma, and may represent a new target for development of new therapeutic strategies in glioma.
High-density optical recording using a solid immersion lens (1997)

A solid immersion lens attached to a conventional objective increases the effective numerical aperture (NA(eff)) of an optical pickup and yields an areal recording density proportional to (NA(eff))(2). One version of this device, with an effective (NA(eff)) of 1.7, should be capable of very high density storage but would probably need a sealed system. Another simple configuration enables the use of this method for optical data storage in an unsealed environment and extends the spatial cutoff frequency 1.5 times. Experiments with these devices are compared with the full vector field theory of this type of imaging system.
Automated defect inspection: past, present, and future (1998)

As minimum feature sizes on semiconductor devices shrink to 0.1 microns, integrated circuit manufacturers face an increasing challenge to maintain and increase wafer yields and chip performance. Few issues in semiconductor processing exert such strong leverage over manufacturing as defects (which affect product yield, manufacturability and reliability). The challenge for current and future inspection methods is to shorten the time to identify the causes of yield loss. The techniques and equipment needed to accomplish this result can be found through an analysis of past and current inspection techniques combined with predicted future requirements for inspection and yield analysis systems. From the first automatic mask defect detection systems built at Bell Labs to an analysis of requirements for future inspection and yield analysis systems, this paper will provide a historical perspective, analysis of inspection methodologies and predictions for future requirements.
PTPLAD2 is a tumor suppressor in esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis (2014)

Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) are highly invasive and have poor prognoses. We investigated the role of PTPLAD2, a protein tyrosine phosphatase-like A domain (PTPLAD) family member, in ESCC carcinogenesis. Survival analysis was performed using patient data. ESCC tissue samples lost PTPLAD2 heterozygosity and had decreased PTPLAD2 expression. Low PTPLAD2 expression and high p-STAT3 correlated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of PTPLAD2 in ESCC cells reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, decreased FoxM1, inhibited proliferation and decreased in mouse xenograft tumor formation. Therefore, PTPLAD2 is a potential tumor suppressor and prognostic indicator that reduces STAT3 phosphorylation. PTPLAD2 is a possible clinical target for ESCC treatment.
Treating the anemia of MDS with erythropoietin: Impact of higher dose compared to combination with G/GM-CSF (2007)

7082 Background: Recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) is extensively used to improve erythropoiesis and reduce transfusions in anemic MDS pts. The addition of G/GM-CSF to EPO alfa or beta has been associated with higher erythroid response (ER) rates vs. EPO alone. Studies suggest higher ER rates could be achieved with EPO monotherapy if higher initiation doses were used. To study this question a meta-analysis was performed on studies of MDS pts treated with EPO alfa or beta + G/GM-CSF. Methods: Data extraction was performed on studies from PubMed, ASCO and ASH proceedings from 1990–2006 in MDS pts treated with EPO (alfa or beta) ± G/GM-CSF. To allow for cross comparisons, only studies including IWG or IWG-like ER criteria were selected for analysis. Pooled estimates of ER rates were calculated using fixed-effect (F-E) meta-analysis methods. Results were stratified by: (i) EPO-alfa at standard doses, (ii) EPO- alfa at high doses, (iii) EPO-alfa + G/GM-CSF, and (iv) EPO-beta + G/GM-CSF. Results: From 39 studies identified, 19 met inclusion criteria. Most pts (&gt;55%) had RA/RARS. Studies using EPO-alfa at standard doses showed comparable ER rates to studies using EPO- alfa + G/GM-CSF (49.0% vs. 50.6%; p=0.731) ( Table ). Among EPO-alfa studies, those using higher EPO doses had higher ER rates vs. studies using standard EPO doses (p&lt;0.001) or EPO + G/GM-CSF combination (p=0.007). Overall ER rates were not available for studies using EPO- beta + G/GM-CSF, however, 52 pts (37.7%) had major ER, similar to that observed in all EPO-alfa monotherapy studies (195/589=33.1%). Conclusions: These findings suggest increasing EPO-alfa dose may have a greater impact on ER than addition of G/GM-CSF. Further validation is warranted. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Zearalenone Reductase from Rat Liver1 (1983)

Zearalenone is known to be reduced by rat liver preparations to a more active estrogenic metabolite, alpha-zearalenol. To elucidate the enzymatic feature of zearalenone reductase, we worked out a simple assay procedure for this enzyme using [3H]-zearalenone and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The NAD(P)H-dependent zearalenone reductase localized in the microsomes was most active at pH 4-4.5, while the reductase localized in the cytosol was active at neutral pH. The former enzyme reduced zearalenone only to alpha-zearalenol and the latter reduced both alpha-zearalenol and beta-zearalenol. The microsomal enzyme was solubilized with Triton X-100 and purified by DEAE-Sephadex, hydroxyapatite and Sepharose 4B column chromatographies. The partially purified enzyme showed the following properties. a) The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 230,000 by Sepharose 4B chromatography. b) The apparent Km value of the enzyme was 1.0 X 10(-5) M for zearalenone at an NADPH concentration of 1 mM. c) The enzyme activity was inhibited by a high concentration of KCl but not by 1 mM Co2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, EDTA, or 20 mM N-ethylmaleimide.
Comparing β-Carotene, Vitamin E and Nitric Oxide as Membrane Antioxidants (2002)

Singlet oxygen initiates lipid peroxidation via a nonfree radical mechanism by reacting directly with unsaturated lipids to form lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs). These LOOHs can initiate free radical chain reactions leading to membrane leakage and cell death. Here we compare the ability and mechanism by which three small-molecule membrane antioxidants (beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and nitric oxide) inhibit lipid peroxidation in membranes. We demonstrate that beta-carotene provides protection against singlet oxygen-mediated lipid peroxidation, but does not slow free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation. Alpha-Tocopherol does not protect cells from singlet oxygen, but does inhibit free radical formation in cell membranes. Nitric oxide provides no direct protection against singlet oxygen exposure, but is an exceptional chain-breaking antioxidant as evident from its ability to blunt oxygen consumption during free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation. These three small-molecule antioxidants appear to have complementary mechanisms for the protection of cell membranes from detrimental oxidations.
Regulation of intestinal immunity: Effects of the oral adjuvant Escherichia coli heat‐labile enterotoxin on migrating dendritic cells (2006)

Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (Etx) is an oral adjuvant in mice. We show that this is also true for rats. To understand this adjuvant activity we examined lymph dendritic cells (DC) migrating from the intestine to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in animals fed Etx. These DC can prime antigen-specific antibody responses. We show that in rats the small intestine contains 7-24 million DC and 8 x 10(5 )of these migrate to MLN each day. Surprisingly, Etx does not stimulate increased migration of lymph DC. However, oral Etx affects the activation, antigen transport and localization of migratory DC. Specifically, expression of CD25 increases on the CD172a(high) subset of lymph DC. Oral Etx also increases the number of CD172a(high) lymph DC containing co-administered ovalbumin. CD172a(high) lymph DC treated with Etx in vitro, or purified from the lymph of animals fed Etx, stimulate stronger proliferative responses from primed T cells. Etx also directs more of the CD172a(high) lymph DC into the central region of the MLN T cell areas. This change in DC localization is associated with an increase in the expression of CCR7. These data help advance our understanding of the role of DC in initiating mucosal immune responses in vivo.
Detection of chemical species using ultraviolet microdisk lasers (2004)

We have utilized hybrid zinc oxide∕silica microdisk lasers to sense volatile organic compounds, such as toluene and nitrobenzene. Nonspecific adsorption of these organic molecules onto the microdisk surface causes an increase in the disk refractive index, ultimately resulting in a redshift of the observed lasing wavelengths. The monitoring of these shifts provides the sensing modality. Microdisk lasers were found to respond rapidly and reversibly to the investigated chemicals demonstrating, in principal, the chemical and biological sensing capabilities of such devices.
Toward a General Modular Systems Theory and Its Application to Interfirm Product Modularity (2000)

Many systems migrate toward increasing or decreasing modularity, yet no explicit causal models exist to explain this process. In this article the author builds a general theory of modular systems, drawing on systems research from many disciplines, and then uses this general theory to derive a model of interfirm product modularity, including testable research propositions. The product model provides a valuable tool for predicting technological trajectories, and it demonstrates how the general theory can be applied to specific systems.