gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Performance Fiber-Optic pH Microsensors for Practical Physiological Measurements Using a Dual-Emission Sensitive Dye (1997)

A fast and durable ratiometric pH microoptode that is highly accurate, precise, sensitive, reversible, and reproducible over the physiological ranges of pH, ionic strength, and temperature has been developed. The sensing site consists of 5 (and 6)-carboxynaphthofluorescein (CNF) entrapped in a polyacrylamide gel matrix via photopolymerization at the silanized end of an optical fiber with a diameter of 2 (pulled) or 125 microns (unpulled). The optode's precision for the pH 6.3-8.4 range in rat embryos, sera, or physiological (Earle's and Tyrode's) buffers was found to be better than +/- 0.03 pH unit. The pulled and unpulled optodes have respective upper limit response times of 1 and 400 ms for 1-pH-unit change. Over a 7-week period, they retain sensitivity for 600 and 10,000 measurements, respectively. Ratiometric measurements are made using a pH-sensitive emission peak on each side of an isosbestic point. The CNF microoptode is most suitable for biological applications because of its essentially linear response over the pH 7-8 range, its high sensitivity (slope about 2), and its almost perfect correlation with a pH macroelectrode. Furthermore, errors introduced by photobleaching, leaching, quenching, optode movement, and excitation source fluctuations are minimal.
On the Polyol Synthesis of Silver Nanostructures: Glycolaldehyde as a Reducing Agent (2008)

The polyol synthesis is a popular method of preparing metal nanostructures, yet the mechanism by which metal ions are reduced is poorly understood. Using a spectrophotometric method, we show, for the first time, that heating ethylene glycol (EG) in air results in its oxidation to glycolaldehyde (GA), a reductant capable of reducing most noble metal ions. The dependence of reducing power on temperature for EG can be explained by this temperature-dependent oxidation, and the factors influencing GA production can have a profound impact on the nucleation and growth kinetics. These new findings provide critical insight into how the polyol synthesis can be used to generate metal nanostructures with well-controlled shapes. For example, with the primary reductant identified, it becomes possible to evaluate and understand its explicit role in generating nanostructures of a specific shape to the exclusion of others.
EIGHT MINOR PHYTOALEXINS FROM DISEASED PAPER MULBERRY (1984)

Abstract The fungus-inoculated Broussonetia papyrifera shoot cortical tissues produced eight minor antifungal compounds: two flavans named broussinol and demethylbroussin, four 1,3-diphenylpropanes named broussonin C–F, and two chalcones. Isolation and structure elucidation of these compounds are described.
Neurostimulation Strategy for Stress Urinary Incontinence (2017)

We have developed a percutaneously implantable and wireless microstimulator (NuStim) to exercise the pelvic floor muscles for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. It produces a wide range of charge-regulated electrical stimulation pulses and trains of pulses using a simple electronic circuit that receives power and timing information from an externally generated RF magnetic field. The complete system was validated in vitro and in vivo in preclinical studies demonstrating that the NuStim can be successfully implanted into an effective, low threshold location, and the implant can be operated chronically to produce effective and well-tolerated contractions of skeletal muscle.
Synthesis and Ionic Conductivity of Cyclosiloxanes with Ethyleneoxy-Containing Substituents (2005)

Pentamethylcyclopentasiloxanes (D5H) with oligo(ethylene glycol) substituents, D5N3 and D5S3, and a short-chain siloxane derivative MD6N3M were synthesized by B(C6F5)3-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling and by platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions. Conductivities were studied when doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). The oxygen-linked cyclic siloxane D5N3 exhibits higher conductivity than trimethylene-linked siloxane D5S3. The substituted linear oligmeric siloxane MD6N3M has a lower Tg than the D5 siloxanes, and showed much higher conductivity at the same Li+ concentration. The curvature of the plot of conductivity vs temperature dependence indicates a free volume mechanism of ion transport.
Potential immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory activities of Malaysian medicinal plants characterized by reduced cell surface expression of cell adhesion molecules (2001)

In the search for agents effective against immune-mediated disorders and inflammation, we have screened Malaysian medicinal plants for the ability to inhibit the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on the surface of murine endothelial cells (F-2), and mouse myeloid leukaemia cells (M1), respectively. Of 41 kinds (29 species, 24 genera, 16 families) of Malaysian plants tested, 10 and 19 plant samples significantly downregulated the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, respectively. Bioassay-directed fractionation of an extract prepared from the bark of Goniothalamus andersonii showed that its ingredients, goniothalamin (1) and goniodiol (2) inhibited the cell surface expression of both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. The present results suggest that Malaysian medicinal plants may be abundant natural resources for immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory substances.
Analysis of differentiation of mouse hemopoietic stem cells in culture by sequential replating of paired progenitors (1984)

Blast cell colonies seen in cultures of spleen cells from 5- fluorouracil-treated mice provide a highly enriched population of primitive hemopoietic progenitors. Our recent studies of the differentiation potentials of the paired daughter cells of these progenitors showed different patterns of differentiation in the colonies produced by the separated daughter cells. In this study, we carried out sequential micromanipulation of paired progenitors followed by cytologic examinations of the colonies derived from these progenitors. Of the total 94 evaluable cultures, consisting of three or more colonies, 52 consisted of macrophage colonies and one consisted of megakaryocyte colonies. In the remaining 41 cultures, diverse combinations of colonies revealing heterogeneous compositions of cell lineages were identified. Presumptive genealogic trees of the differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors constructed for the latter group of cultures suggested that monopotent progenitors may be derived from pluripotent progenitors in two ways: (1) directly during one cell division of pluripotent cells or (2) as a result of progressive lineage restriction during successive division of the pluripotent progenitors. The results also suggested that some of the oligopotent progenitors are capable of limited self-renewal.
Anti-VEGF Treatment Strategies for Wet AMD (2012)

Over the past few years, antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has become a standard treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). During this time, treatment strategies have evolved from a monthly dosing schedule to individualized regimens. This paper will review the currently available anti-VEGF agents and evidence-based treatment strategies.
Two sides of the story? Smad4 loss in pancreatic cancer versus head‐and‐neck cancer (2012)

TGFβ signaling Smads (Smad2, 3, and 4) were suspected tumor suppressors soon after their discovery. Nearly two decades of research confirmed this role and revealed other divergent and cancer-specific functions including paradoxical tumor promotion effects. Although Smad4 is the most potent tumor suppressor, its functions are highly context-specific as exemplified by pancreatic cancer and head-and-neck cancer: in pancreatic cancer, Smad4 loss cannot initiate tumor formation but promotes metastases while in head-and-neck cancer Smad4 loss promotes cancer progression but also initiates tumor formation, likely through effects on genomic instability. The differing consequences of impaired Smad signaling in human cancers and the molecular mechanisms that underpin these differences will have important implications for the design and application of novel targeted therapies.
M-Ficolin Binds Selectively to the Capsular Polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes 19B and 19C and of a Streptococcus mitis Strain (2012)

The three human ficolins (H-, L-, and M-ficolins) and mannan-binding lectin are pattern recognition molecules of the innate immune system mediating activation of the lectin pathway of the complement system. These four human proteins bind to some microorganisms and may be involved in the resolution of infections. We investigated binding selectivity by examining the binding of M-ficolin to a panel of more than 100 different streptococcal strains (Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mitis), each expressing distinct polysaccharide structures. M-ficolin binding was observed for three strains only: strains of the pneumococcal serotypes 19B and 19C and a single S. mitis strain expressing a similar polysaccharide structure. The bound M-ficolin, in association with MASP-2, mediated the cleavage of complement factor C4. Binding to the bacteria was inhibitable by N-acetylglucosamine, indicating that the interaction with the bacterial surface takes place via the fibrinogen-like domain. The common N-acetylmannosamine residue present in the structures of the four capsular polysaccharides of group 19 is linked via a phosphodiester bond. This residue is apparently not a ligand for M-ficolin, since the lectin binds to two of the group 19 polysaccharides only. M-ficolin bound strongly to serotype 19B and 19C polysaccharides. In contrast to those of serotypes 19A and 19F, serotype 19B and 19C polysaccharides contain an extra N-acetylmannosamine residue linked via glycoside linkage only. Thus, this extra residue seems to be the M-ficolin ligand. In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate specific binding of M-ficolin to some capsular polysaccharides of the opportunistic pathogen S. pneumoniae and of the commensal bacterium S. mitis.
Prediction of Intradialytic Hypotension Using Photoplethysmography (2010)

Intradialytic hypotension is the most common acute complication during conventional hemodialysis treatment. Prediction of such events is highly desirable in clinical routine for prevention. This paper presents a novel prediction method of acute symptomatic hypotension in which the photoplethysmographic signal is analyzed with respect to changes in amplitude, reflecting vasoconstriction, and cardiac output. The method is based on a statistical model in which the noise is assumed to have Laplacian amplitude distribution. The performance is evaluated on 11 hypotension-prone patients who underwent hemodialysis treatment, resulting in seven events with acute symptomatic hypotension and 17 without. The photoplethysmographic signal was continuously acquired during treatment as was information on blood pressure and oxygen saturation. Using leave-one-out cross validation, the proposed method predicted six out of seven hypotensive events, while producing 1 false prediction out of 17 possible. The performance was achieved when the prediction threshold was chosen to be in the range 57%-65% of the photoplethysmographic envelope at treatment onset.
Direct optoelectronic generation and detection of sub-ps-electrical pulses on sub-mm-coaxial transmission lines (2004)

We report efficient direct optoelectronic generation of sub-ps-THz pulses on 50Ω coaxial transmission lines with a 330μm diameter solid copper outer tube filled with Teflon containing the 80μm diameter inner conductor. The transmitted pulses after propagating as much as 105mm were measured at the end of the line with an optoelectronic antenna having sub-ps-time resolution. We observed low-loss, single transverse electromagnetic mode propagation with very little group velocity dispersion. The experimentally derived values for the frequency-dependent absorption are consistent with the theoretical predictions.
Receptors for interleukin-3 (IL-3) and growth hormone mediate an IL-6- type transcriptional induction in the presence of JAK2 or STAT3 (1995)

To determine the specificity of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein activation by box 3 motif-deficient hematopoietin receptors, expression vectors encoding the receptors for growth hormone, interleukin-3 (IL-3), and IL-4 were transiently transfected into COS-1 cells, together with expression vectors for Janus kinases (JAKs) and STAT proteins. Each receptor mediated a dose-dependent activation of STAT1 and STAT3, and for IL-3R and GHR this process was enhanced by JAK2. The data suggest that a box 3 motif in the cytoplasmic domain of the signal-transducing receptor to the JAK/STAT pathway. Transfection of the receptors, in combination with STAT3, into HepG2 cells reconstituted a cytokine-dependent stimulation of gene transcription through IL-6 response elements, providing evidence for a functional role of STAT3 in controlling gene expression.
Centralspindlin assembly and 2 phosphorylations on MgcRacGAP by Polo-like kinase 1 initiate Ect2 binding in early cytokinesis (2014)

Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division which partitions genetic and cytosolic content into daughter cells. Failed cytokinesis causes polyploidy, genetic instability, and cancer. Kinases use phosphorylation to regulate the timing and location of the cytokinetic furrow. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is an essential mitotic kinase that triggers cytokinesis by phosphorylating MgcRacGAP to create a docking site for Ect2 at the central spindle. Ect2 binds to MgcRacGAP via its N-terminal BRCT domain (BRCA1 C-terminal), which docks at specific phosphorylated residues. Here we investigate the minimal Plk1-dependent phosphorylation sites required for cytokinesis onset. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of the major MgcRacGAP site, S157, is necessary but not sufficient to bind the Ect2 BRCT domain. Phosphorylation of an additional residue on MgcRacGAP at S164 is also required to elicit efficient binding. Surprisingly, BRCT binding additionally requires MKLP1 and its cognate interacting N-terminal domain of MgcRacGAP. Our findings indicate that central spindle assembly and 2 Plk1-dependent phosphorylations are required to establish efficient binding of the Ect2 BRCT in early cytokinesis. We propose that these requirements establish a high threshold to restrain premature or ectopic cytokinesis.
N-glycosylation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases-1 and -2 and their orientations in the endoplasmic reticulum. (1993)

Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have determined that Asn68, Asn144, and Asn410 of ovine prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH) synthase-1 are N-glycosylated. A fourth consensus N-glycosylation sequence at Asn104 is not glycosylated. Glycosylation of PGH synthase-1 at Asn410 and at either Asn68 or Asn144 was required for expression of both the cyclooxygenase and the peroxidase activities of the enzyme. Inactive PGH synthase-1 glycosylation site mutant proteins do not appear to achieve their native conformations. However, the native enzyme, once in an active conformation, does not appear to require attached carbohydrate for cyclooxygenase or peroxidase activities. N-Glycosylation consensus sequences corresponding to the three glycosylation sites of ovine PGH synthase-1 are conserved in the deduced amino acid sequences of PGH synthases-2. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we determined that there is an additional site of N-glycosylation in murine PGH synthase-2 located at Asn580. This site is N-glycosylated in about 50% of PGH synthase-2 molecules, resulting in two peptide bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (72 and 74 kDa). Glycosylation of PGH synthase-2 is necessary for expression of enzyme activity, but glycosylation of PGH synthase-2 at Asn580 per se does not affect activity. Assuming that the N-glycosylation sites of PGH synthase-1 are on the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and that the site of tryptic cleavage of ovine PGH synthase-1 (Arg277) is on the cytoplasmic side of the ER, we propose that both the NH2 and COOH termini of PGH synthase-1 are located in the lumen of the ER and that there are two transmembrane domains located between Asn144 and Arg277 and between Arg277 and Asn410, respectively. A similar orientation is predicted for PGH synthase-2.
Critical P O 2 of skeletal muscle in vivo (1999)

The main purpose of this study was to determine the interstitial oxygen tension at which aerobic metabolism becomes limited (critical PO(2)) in vivo in resting skeletal muscle. Using an intravital microscope system, we determined the interstitial oxygen tension at 20-micrometer-diameter tissue sites in rat spinotrapezius muscle from the phosphorescence lifetime decay of a metalloporphyrin probe during a 1-min stoppage of muscle blood flow. In paired experiments NADH fluorescence was measured at the same sites during flow stoppage. NADH fluorescence rose significantly above control when interstitial PO(2) fell to 2.9 +/- 0.5 mmHg (n = 13) and was not significantly different (2.4 +/- 0.5 mmHg) when the two variables were first averaged for all sites and then compared. Similar values were obtained using the abrupt change in rate of PO(2) decline as the criterion for critical PO(2). With a similar protocol, we determined that NADH rose significantly at a tissue site centered 30 micrometer from a collecting venule when intravascular PO(2) fell to 7.2 +/- 1.5 mmHg. The values for critical interstitial and critical intravascular PO(2) are well below those reported during free blood flow in this and in other muscle preparations, suggesting that oxygen delivery is regulated at levels well above the minimum required for oxidative metabolism. The extracellular critical PO(2) found in this study is slightly greater than previously found in vitro, possibly due to differing local conditions rather than a difference in metabolic set point for the mitochondria.
ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION (SKIN, KIDNEY, HEART) AND THE PLASTIC SURGEON (1971)

Boston, Mass. From the Departments of Surgery of the Harvard Medical School, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, and Children's Hospital Medical Center.
Nasal Airway Resistance Computer (1977)

An analogue computing system for the measurement of nasal airway resistance (R n ) has been developed. The instrument operates on the principle of measuring the transnasal pressure required to generate a measured nasal airflow rate. The system computes and displays inspiratory or expiratory nasal airway resistance measured at a preselected flow rate. The values are updated on a breath‐by‐breath basis and presented to a multi‐channel recorder and a digital panel meter for visualization. The continuous R n (at all inspiratory and expiratory flow rates above zero) can also be recorded. Use of the instrument for the evaluation of nasal decongestants has been demonstrated.
Expression of CD52 on plasma cells in plasma cell proliferative disorders (2003)

Multiple myeloma (MM) and primary systemic amyloidosis (AL) remain incurable disorders, and new treatments targeted to the malignant plasma cells are needed. Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to CD52 and has activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We examined the CD52 expression on CD45+ and CD45- plasma cell populations to evaluate the potential for using alemtuzumab for these disorders. Bone marrows from 61 patients (29 AL, 23 MM, and 9 MGUS [monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance]) were studied using 3-color (CD38/45/52) flow cytometry. Among those with MGUS, MM, and AL, 67%, 52%, and 35%, respectively, were positive for CD52 expression. The CD52 expression was predominantly confined to the clonal CD38+/CD45+ plasma cell fraction with median expression of 68%, 88%, and 82% in MGUS, MM, and AL, respectively, compared with 18%, 6%, and 9% among the CD45- plasma cell population. Clinical trials are warranted in these diseases to learn the therapeutic benefit of anti-CD52 immunotherapy.
Dynamics of the nuclear lamina as monitored by GFP-tagged A-type lamins (1999)

The behavior of chimeric proteins consisting of A-type lamins and green fluorescent protein (GFP) was studied to investigate the localization and dynamics of nuclear lamins in living cells. Cell line CHO-K1 was transfected with cDNA constructs encoding fusion proteins of lamin A-GFP, lamin Adelta10-GFP, or lamin C-GFP. In the interphase nucleus lamin-GFP fluorescence showed a perinuclear localization and incorporation into the lamina for all three constructs. Our findings show for the first time that the newly discovered lamin A 10 protein is localized to the nuclear membrane. The GFP-tagged lamins were processed and behaved similarly to the endogenous lamin molecules, at least in cells that expressed physiological levels of the GFP-lamins. In addition to the typical perinuclear localization, in the majority of transfected cells each individual A-type lamin-GFP revealed an extensive collection of branching intra- and trans-nuclear tubular structures, which showed a clear preference for a vertical orientation. Time-lapse studies of 3-D reconstructed interphase cells showed a remarkable stability in both number and location of these structures over time, while the lamina showed considerable dynamic movements, consisting of folding and indentation of large parts of the lamina. Fluorescence recovery after bleaching studies revealed a low protein turnover of both tubular and lamina-associated lamins. Repetitive bleaching of intranuclear areas revealed the presence of an insoluble intranuclear fraction of A-type lamins. Time-lapse studies of mitotic cells showed that reformation of the lamina and the tubular structures consisting of A-type lamins did not occur until after cytokinesis was completed.
Resorbable ceramic implants (1971)

Abstract The purpose of the investigation was to show the ability of two calcium aluminate ceramic compositions to act as suitable implants for partial replacements of long bones. It was anticipated from previous studies that the ceramic would be well tolerated by the autogenous bone and surrounding soft tissue while the ceramic was slowly dissolving in the body fluids, allowing new osseous tissue to penetrate the resulting pore structure. It was expected that after a period of time the ceramic would no longer exist as a separate entity but would be completely infiltrated with mineralized osseous tissue and ultimately be completely replaced by bone. Two ceramic implants were prepared by slightly different techniques and CaO to Al 2 O 3 ratios. The result was a polyphase ceramic and a nearly single phase ceramic. The polyphase material, after implantation in the test subject for 32 weeks, was completely impregnated with connective tissue while undergoing considerable alteration in microstructure. The single‐phase material was not altered significantly in any way. This implant could not be fully evaluated for its ability to allow for osseous tissue formation on its surface, or within its open pore structure, due to slight variations in the original fixation of the implant and resulting attempts to correct the problems.