gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A compact power converter for high current and low voltage applications (2013)

Traditionally, the power supplies employed in low voltage and very high current applications, such as electroplating, use line frequency transformers and thyristor-based control circuits. Such power supplies are bulky and inefficient, taking up valuable plant area and incurring significant operational costs. This study proposes an efficient and compact power supply suited to high current and low voltage applications. It uses a multi-level converter to convert line frequency input waveforms to a high frequency in a low cost and low loss manner. The output of the multi-level converter feeds an AC L-C-L resonant network to implement an easily controllable current source that, in turn, feeds a high current output stage. The output stage is modular, consisting of a number of easily constructed transformers and rectifier circuits that share voltage and current stresses. The proposed topology is modeled and simulated results are presented to verify its performance.
Black silicon: A new light absorber for photovoltaic applications (1998)

Intensive research efforts have been conducted to increase the conversion efficiency of solar cells and optical detection devices by reducing reflection and enhancing optical absorption.
Genetic Modifiers of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in FcγRIIB−/− Mice (2002)

FcgammaRIIB is a potent lupus susceptibility gene as demonstrated by the observation that mice deficient in this molecule develop spontaneous antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and fatal glomerulonephritis when on the C57BL/6 background. To determine the mechanisms underlying the epistasis displayed by this gene we have constructed hybrids between FcgammaRIIB(-/-) and the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) modifiers yaa and lpr and the susceptibility locus Sle1. Sle1 and B6.RIIB(-/-) are both physically and functionally coupled; compound heterozygotes of Sle1 and B6.RIIB(-/-) develop significant disease, while single heterozygotes display no evidence of autoimmunity or disease, indicating that these genes lie on the same genetic pathway resulting in the loss of tolerance to nuclear antigens. However, the generation of ANA in itself is insufficient to account for the severity of autoimmune disease in this model, as demonstrated by analysis of yaa and lpr hybrids. Thus, B6.RIIB(-/-)/lpr mice are protected from disease progression, despite equivalent titers of ANA. In contrast, B6.RIIB(-/-)/yaa mice have significantly enhanced disease despite reduced ANA titers. Yaa modifies the specificity and thus the pathogenicity of the B6. RIIB(-/-) ANA, by converting them to antinucleolar antibodies. In addition to these known modifier pathways, we have discovered two novel, recessive loci contributed by the C57BL/6 genome that are required for the ANA phenotype, further indicating the epistatic properties of this SLE model.
Genome‐wide microRNA expression profiling in renal cell carcinoma: significant down‐regulation of miR‐141 and miR‐200c (2008)

We investigated expression profiles of microRNA (miRNA) in renal cell carcinoma [clear cell carcinomas (CCC) and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (ChCC)] and in normal kidneys by using a miRNA microarray platform which covers a total of 470 human miRNAs (Sanger miRBase release 9.1). Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that CCC and ChCC were separable and that no subgroups were identified in CCCs. We found that 43 miRNAs were differentially expressed between CCC and normal kidney, of which 37 were significantly down-regulated in CCC and the other 6 were up-regulated. We also found that 57 miRNAs were differentially expressed between ChCC and normal kidney, of which 51 were significantly down-regulated in ChCC and the other 6 were up-regulated. Together, these observations indicate that expression of miRNAs tends to be down-regulated in both CCC and ChCC compared with normal kidney. We observed that miR-141 and miR-200c were the most significantly down-regulated miRNAs in CCCs. Indeed, in all cases of CCC analysed, both miR-141 and miR-200c were down-regulated in comparison with normal kidney. Microarray data and quantitative RT-PCR showed that these two miRNAs were expressed concordantly. TargetScan algorithm revealed that ZFHX1B mRNA is a hypothetical target of both miR-141 and -200c. We established by quantitative RT-PCR that, in CCCs in which miR-141 and miR-200c were down-regulated, ZFHX1B, a transcriptional repressor for CDH1/E-cadherin, tended to be up-regulated. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of miR-141 and miR-200c caused down-regulation of ZFHX1B and up-regulation of E-cadherin in two renal carcinoma cell lines, ACHN and 786-O. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that down-regulation of miR-141 and miR-200c in CCCs might be involved in suppression of CDH1/E-cadherin transcription via up-regulation of ZFHX1B.
Linkage of Early-Onset Familial Breast Cancer to Chromosome 17q21 (1990)

Human breast cancer is usually caused by genetic alterations of somatic cells of the breast, but occasionally, susceptibility to the disease is inherited. Mapping the genes responsible for inherited breast cancer may also allow the identification of early lesions that are critical for the development of breast cancer in the general population. Chromosome 17q21 appears to be the locale of a gene for inherited susceptibility to breast cancer in families with early-onset disease. Genetic analysis yields a lod score (logarithm of the likelihood ratio for linkage) of 5.98 for linkage of breast cancer susceptibility to D17S74 in early-onset families and negative lod scores in families with late-onset disease. Likelihood ratios in favor of linkage heterogeneity among families ranged between 2000:1 and greater than 10(6):1 on the basis of multipoint analysis of four loci in the region.
Directly diode-pumped Yb:glass regenerative chirped pulse amplifier (1998)

Summary form only given. We present, for the first time, chirped pulse amplification (CPA) in a directly diode pumped Yb:glass laser. The injected pulses were obtained from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser (coherent) tuned to 1040 nm with a pulse width of 200 fs. The pulses were then stretched in a fibre.
Determinants of intracellular RNA pharmacokinetics: Implications for RNA-based immunotherapeutics (2011)

RNAs with optimized properties are increasingly investigated as a tool to deliver the genetic information of complete antigens into professional antigen-presenting dendritic cells for HLA haplotype-independent antigen-specific vaccination against cancer. As the dose of the antigen and duration of its presentation are critical factors for generating strong and sustained antigen-specific immune responses, improvement of the immunobioavailability of RNA-based vaccines has been a recurrent subject of research. Substantial increase of the amount of antigen produced from RNA can be achieved by optimizing RNA stability and translational efficiency. Both features are determined by cis-acting elements in the RNA, namely the 5' cap, the poly(A) tail, and the sequence of the coding and non-coding regions, which interact with corresponding trans-acting factors. This article summarizes recent developments in identifying optimized RNA for expression of foreign proteins in dendritic cells, as well as their implications for immunotherapy based on antigen-encoding RNA.
PREDICTION OF RETENTION FACTORS OF PHENOLIC AND NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS IN REVERSED-PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY BASED ON logP AND pKa OBTAINED BY COMPUTATIONAL CHEMICAL CALCULATION (2000)

The new logP values (NlogP) of phenolic and nitrogen-containing compounds based on the modified CAChe™ MOPAC calculation improved the correlation coefficient with measured logP values (MlogP) to 0.950 from 0.662 (n = 87).
Novel high vacuum scanning force microscope using a piezoelectric cantilever and the phase detection method (1997)

A novel high vacuum scanning force microscope (HV-SFM) using a piezoelectric cantilever and the phase detection method was developed. A self-excited force sensing PZT microcantilever with dimensions of 125×50×3.58 μm is vibrated in vacuum at its resonance frequency by applying an ac voltage to its PZT layer. The piezoelectric microcantilever possesses a spring constant of 16.7 N/m and a vibrational quality factor of 300 in air and 807 in vacuum. As we know, force gradients acting on the vibrating cantilever cause changes in vibration amplitude and phase. The change of the phase of the output piezoelectric current, which corresponds to the phase variation of cantilever vibration, is measured as the controlling signal in this method. The piezoelectric HV-SFM that was constructed has been proved to be stable and easy to handle in vacuum. Its vertical resolution is higher than 1.1 Å. High resolution images of an evaporated Au film can be obtained in vacuum by this new dynamic HV-SFM. Grains of about 5 nm can be seen clearly. The theoretical sensitivity of phase detection with piezoelectric cantilevers is also analyzed and compared with that of amplitude slope detection in this article.
Tau interacts with src-family non-receptor tyrosine kinases (1998)

ABSTRACT Tau and other microtubule-associated proteins promote the assembly and stabilization of neuronal microtubules. While each microtubule-associated protein has distinct properties, their in vivo roles remain largely unknown. Tau is important in neurite outgrowth and axonal development. Recently, we showed that the amino-terminal region of tau, which is not involved in microtubule interactions, is important in NGF induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Here we report that a proline rich sequence in the amino terminus of tau interacts with the SH3 domains of fyn and src non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Tau and fyn were co-immunoprecipitated from human neuroblastoma cells and co-localization of tau and fyn was visualized in co-transfected NIH3T3 cells. Co-transfection of tau and fyn also resulted in an alteration in NIH3T3 cell morphology, consistent with an in vivo interaction. Fyn-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of tau occurred in transfected cells and tyrosine phosphorylated tau was identified in human neuroblastoma cells as well. Our data suggest that tau is involved in signal transduction pathways. An interaction between tau and fyn may serve as a mechanism by which extracellular signals influence the spatial distribution of microtubules. The tyrosine phosphorylation of tau by fyn may also have a role in neuropathogenesis, as fyn is upregulated in Alzheimer’s disease.
High-resolution femtosecond pulse shaping (1988)

The synthesis of arbitrarily shaped femtosecond pulses by spectral filtering in a temporally nondispersive grating apparatus is demonstrated. Spectral filtering is accomplished by utilizing spatially patterned masks to modify the amplitude and the phase of the optical frequency components that are spatially dispersed within the apparatus. We are able to pattern spectra over a large dynamic range (approaching 104) and with unprecedented resolution. We illustrate the power of this technique by synthesizing a number of femtosecond waveforms, including femtosecond tone bursts with terahertz repetition rates, picosecond square pulses with 100-fsec rise times, and highly complex pseudonoise bursts produced by spectral phase encoding.
[Small Cell Lung Cancer and TNM Staging]. (2016)

Since the characeristics of high invasiveness and metastatic potential of small cell lung cancer, it has long been considered to be associated with poor clinical outcome, especially after surgery. The chemo-radiation, therefore, is the mainstream modality, and its staging relied on American Vterans Aministration system, a simple system mainly from radiation oncologists' idea. With the advances of staging methods in lung cancer, the accuracy of TNM staging has been increasing. More and more retrospective study results demonstrated that the efficacy of surgical intervention for early stage small cell lung cancer was not inferior to that for non-small cell lung cancer. Moreover, modern and precise TNM staging system should be adopted towards surgical candidates of small cell lung cancer.
A summarization approach for Affymetrix GeneChip data using a reference training set from a large, biologically diverse database (2006)

Our results indicate that a biologically diverse reference database can be used to train a model for estimating probe set intensities of exclusive test sets, while retaining the overall characteristics of the base algorithm. Although the results we present are specific for RMA, similar versions of other multi-array normalization and summarization schemes can be developed.
Minimum probability of error for asynchronous Gaussian multiple-access channels (1986)

Consider a Gaussian multiple-access channel shared by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</tex> users who transmit asynchronously independent data streams by modulating a set of assigned signal waveforms. The uncoded probability of error achievable by optimum multiuser detectors is investigated. It is shown that the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</tex> -user maximum-likelihood sequence detector consists of a bank of single-user matched filters followed by a Viterbi algorithm whose complexity per binary decision is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O(2^{K})</tex> . The upper bound analysis of this detector follows an approach based on the decomposition of error sequences. The issues of convergence and tightness of the bounds are examined, and it is shown that the minimum multiuser error probability is equivalent in the Iow-noise region to that of a single-user system with reduced power. These results show that the proposed multiuser detectors afford important performance gains over conventional single-user systems, in which the signal constellation carries the entire burden of complexity required to achieve a given performance level.
.delta.-Conotoxin GmVIA, a Novel Peptide from the Venom of Conus gloriamaris (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.delta.-Conotoxin GmVIA, a Novel Peptide from the Venom of Conus gloriamarisKi-Joon Shon, Arik Hasson, Micha E. Spira, Lourdes J. Cruz, William R. Gray, and Baldomero M. OliveraCite this: Biochemistry 1994, 33, 38, 11420–11425Publication Date (Print):September 27, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00204a003https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00204a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Autophagy Inhibition Compromises Degradation of Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway Substrates (2009)

The two main routes that cells use for degrading intracellular proteins are the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways, which have been thought to have largely distinct clients. Here, we show that autophagy inhibition increases levels of proteasome substrates. This is largely due to p62 (also called A170/SQSTM1) accumulation after autophagy inhibition. Excess p62 inhibits the clearance of ubiquitinated proteins destined for proteasomal degradation by delaying their delivery to the proteasome's proteases. Our data show that autophagy inhibition, which was previously believed to only affect long-lived proteins, will also compromise the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This will lead to increased levels of short-lived regulatory proteins, like p53, as well as the accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins, with predicted deleterious consequences.
Gene expression profiling of aging in multiple mouse strains: identification of aging biomarkers and impact of dietary antioxidants (2009)

We used DNA microarrays to identify panels of transcriptional markers of aging that are differentially expressed in young (5 month) and old (25 month) mice of multiple inbred strains (129sv, BALB/c, CBA, DBA, B6, C3H and B6C3F(1)). In the heart, age-related changes of five genes were studied throughout the mouse lifespan: complement component 4, chemokine ligand 14, component of Sp100-rs, phenylalanine hydroxylase and src family associated phosphoprotein 2. A similar analysis in the brain (cerebellum) involved complement component 1q (alpha polypeptide), complement component 4, P lysozyme structural, glial fibrillary acidic protein and cathepsin S. Caloric restriction (CR) inhibited age-related expression of these genes in both tissues. Parametric analysis of gene set enrichment identified several biological processes that are induced with aging in multiple mouse strains. We also tested the ability of dietary antioxidants to oppose these transcriptional markers of aging. Lycopene, resveratrol, acetyl-l-carnitine and tempol were as effective as CR in the heart, and alpha-lipoic acid and coenzyme Q(10) were as effective as CR in the cerebellum. These findings suggest that transcriptional biomarkers of aging in mice can be used to estimate the efficacy of aging interventions on a tissue-specific basis.
Efficiency of Neural Differentiation of Mouse P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells is Dependent on the Seeding Density (1997)

Serum-free culture conditions for retinoic acid-induced neural differentiation of mouse P19 embryonal carcinoma cells were determined for future ex vivo retroviral gene transfer and brain transplantation studies. Neural differentiation of P19 cells was dependent on the seeding densities, and both neurons and astroglia differentiated efficiently at high seeding densities (2 × 10 4 and 5 × 10 4 cells/cm 2 ) but not at low seeding density (1 × 10 4 cells/cm 2 ). In addition, P19 cells cultured at 5 × 10 4 cells/cm 2 showed neural differentiation whether or not they were infected with Friend leukemia virus FrC6-V, which inhibited neural differentiation at 2 × 10 4 cells/cm 2 . These results indicate that FrC6-V-infected P19 embryonal carcinoma cells should be seeded at high density to achieve efficient neural differentiation in vitro for ex vivo gene transfer with a FrC6-V–derived retroviral vector system.
Manganese Corroles Prevent Intracellular Nitration and Subsequent Death of Insulin-Producing Cells (2009)

Reactive oxygen species are heavily involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) because the insulin-producing beta cells are particularly vulnerable to free-radical-mediated cytotoxicity. Catalytic anti-oxidants have been successfully applied for attenuation of DM and its consequences, but most recent research revealed that preventing the nitration of vital proteins/enzymes might be an even more powerful strategy. We now report an unprecedented efficiency of manganese(III) corroles regarding the protection of rat pancreatic beta cells against intracellular nitration by peroxynitrite and subsequent cell death. A comparison between analogous corroles and porphyrin metal complexes reveals significant superiority of the former in all examined aspects. This is particularly true for the positively-charged manganese(III) corrole, which decomposes peroxynitrite fast enough and through a unique catalytic mechanism that is devoid of potentially nitrating reaction intermediates.
Sequential analysis of hematopoietic reconstitution achieved by transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (1993)

Abstract We confirmed that murine hematopoietic stem cells express the c-kit molecule but not lymphohematopoietic lineage markers. These lineage marker-negative c-kit-positive (Lin- c-kit+) cells were further divided according to the uptake of rhodamine-123 (Rh-123). Approximately 1,000 Lin- c-kit+ rhodamine-123dull cells, which contained 4.0 +/- 1.3 and 12.5 +/- 1.9 day 8 and day 12 spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S), respectively, rescued the 100% of lethally irradiated mice. One third of these cells formed colonies in the presence of interleukin-3 plus erythropoietin. The time course of the hematopoietic reconstitution of this primitive hematopoietic stem cell fraction was investigated by using Ly-5 congenic mice. Although myeloid cells and B lymphocytes were detected in the peripheral blood 2 to 3 weeks after transplantation, T lymphocytes were not detected until 4 weeks after transplantation. It is generally assumed that myeloid cells and B lymphocytes grow in the bone marrow and that T lymphocytes must pass through the thymus. For the first 2 to 3 weeks after transplantation, donor-type T lymphocytes were not dominant in the thymus, and most donor type cells were CD4/CD8 double-negative or double-positive (including CD4low and CD8low). Four weeks after transplantation, donor-type T lymphocytes were dominant and the ratio of CD4/CD8 cells had recovered to the normal pattern. However, significant numbers of T lymphocytes were detected in the peripheral blood at this stage. Sequential analysis of hematopoietic reconstitution from primitive stem cells demonstrates that myeloid and B-lymphoid lineages occurred earlier than that of the T-lymphoid lineages.
Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases in the Homologous Desensitization of the Human and Mouse Melanocortin 1 Receptors (2005)

Abstract The melanocortin 1 receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase, is a key regulator of epidermal melanocyte proliferation and differentiation and a determinant of human skin phototype and skin cancer risk. Despite its potential importance for regulation of pigmentation, no information is available on homologous desensitization of this receptor. We found that the human melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and its mouse ortholog (Mc1r) undergo homologous desensitization in melanoma cells. Desensitization is not dependent on protein kinase A, protein kinase C, calcium mobilization, or MAPKs, but is agonist dose-dependent. Both melanoma cells and normal melanocytes express two members of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family, GRK2 and GRK6. Cotransfection of the receptor and GRK2 or GRK6 genes in heterologous cells demonstrated that GRK2 and GRK6 impair agonist-dependent signaling by MC1R or Mc1r. However, GRK6, but not GRK2, was able to inhibit MC1R agonist-independent constitutive signaling. Expression of a dominant negative GRK2 mutant in melanoma cells increased their cAMP response to agonists. Agonist-stimulated cAMP production decreased in melanoma cells enriched with GRK6 after stable transfection. Therefore, GRK2 and GRK6 seem to be key regulators of melanocortin 1 receptor signaling and may be important determinants of skin pigmentation.
Copolymerization of sterically demanding phosphine-olefins and 1-hexene (2009)

The copolymerization of 1-hexene with t-Bu 2 P(CH 2 ) 3 CH=CH 2 (1) or t-Bu 2 P(CH 2 ) 9 CH=CH 2 (2) has been achieved using CpMe 2 Ti(NPt-Bu 3 ) as the precatalyst and B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 , [Ph 3 C][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ], or [PhNMe 2 H][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] as the activator. The resulting polymers are shown to incorporate up to 9% of the phosphine comonomer, albeit with reduced catalyst activity and polymer molecular mass. The cause of the catalyst inhibition is also considered in the light of phosphine–activator interactions.