gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Centrally Delivered BACE1 Inhibitor Activates Microglia, and Reverses Amyloid Pathology and Cognitive Deficit in Aged Tg2576 Mice (2015)

Multiple small-molecule inhibitors of the β-secretase enzyme (BACE1) are under preclinical or clinical investigation for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prior work has illustrated robust lowering of central amyloid β (Aβ) after acute administration of BACE1 inhibitors. However, very few studies have assessed the overall impact of chronically administered BACE1 inhibitors on brain amyloid burden, neuropathology, and behavioral function in aged preclinical models. We investigated the effects of a potent nonbrain-penetrant BACE1 inhibitor, delivered directly to the brain using intracerebroventricular infusion in an aged transgenic mouse model. Intracerebroventricular infusion of the BACE1 inhibitor (0.3-23.5 μg/d) for 8 weeks, initiated in 17-month-old Tg2576 mice, produced dose-dependent increases in brain inhibitor concentrations (0.2-13 μm). BACE1 inhibition significantly reversed the behavioral deficit in contextual fear conditioning, and reduced brain Aβ levels, plaque burden, and associated pathology (e.g., dystrophic neurites), with maximal effects attained with ∼1 μg/d dose. Strikingly, the BACE1 inhibitor also reversed amyloid pathology below baseline levels (amyloid burden at the start of treatment), without adversely affecting cerebral amyloid angiopathy, microhemorrhages, myelination, or neuromuscular function. Inhibitor-mediated decline in brain amyloid pathology was associated with an increase in microglial ramification. This is the first demonstration of chronically administered BACE1 inhibitor to activate microglia, reverse brain amyloid pathology, and elicit functional improvement in an aged transgenic mouse model. Thus, engagement of novel glial-mediated clearance mechanisms may drive disease-modifying therapeutic benefit with BACE1 inhibition in AD.
Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Cancer Survivors (2010)

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the most challenging and complex complications of cancer chemotherapy.
Response of Urban Real Estate Values in Anticipation of the Washington Metro (1980)

The expected construction of the Metro line in Washington, D.C., increased values of some properties and decreased those of others. This paper considers some implications of proposals to tax the benefits.
<title>Novel generation of luminescence-based biosensors: single-mode planar waveguide sensors</title> (1996)

First results with a new generation of bioaffinity sensors based on luminescence excitation using single-mode planar waveguides are presented. Planar waveguides show superior physical characteristics, concerning sensitivity and required sample volumes, and can principally be fabricated in low-costs mass production processes. Additionally, they allow for different detection geometries, e.g., different configurations of fluorescence detection and simultaneous determination of the transmitted excitation light. The transducer characteristics, possible detection geometries and our present experimental configuration are explained. Results with different bioaffinity systems applied on the novel transducer generation are presented, demonstrating the capability of detecting attomole amounts of analytes within a few minutes.
Virus-like particles in vaccine development (2010)

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are multiprotein structures that mimic the organization and conformation of authentic native viruses but lack the viral genome, potentially yielding safer and cheaper vaccine candidates. A handful of prophylactic VLP-based vaccines is currently commercialized worldwide: GlaxoSmithKline's Engerix (hepatitis B virus) and Cervarix (human papillomavirus), and Merck and Co., Inc.'s Recombivax HB (hepatitis B virus) and Gardasil (human papillomavirus) are some examples. Other VLP-based vaccine candidates are in clinical trials or undergoing preclinical evaluation, such as, influenza virus, parvovirus, Norwalk and various chimeric VLPs. Many others are still restricted to small-scale fundamental research, despite their success in preclinical tests. This article focuses on the essential role of VLP technology in new-generation vaccines against prevalent and emergent diseases. The implications of large-scale VLP production are discussed in the context of process control, monitorization and optimization. The main up- and down-stream technical challenges are identified and discussed accordingly. Successful VLP-based vaccine blockbusters are briefly presented concomitantly with the latest results from clinical trials and the recent developments in chimeric VLP-based technology for either therapeutic or prophylactic vaccination.
PICK: Processing Key Information Extraction from Documents using Improved Graph Learning-Convolutional Networks (2020)

Computer vision with state-of-the-art deep learning models has achieved huge success in the field of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) including text detection and recognition tasks recently. However, Key Information Extraction (KIE) from documents as the downstream task of OCR, having a large number of use scenarios in real-world, remains a challenge because documents not only have textual features extracting from OCR systems but also have semantic visual features that are not fully exploited and play a critical role in KIE. Too little work has been devoted to efficiently make full use of both textual and visual features of the documents. In this paper, we introduce PICK, a framework that is effective and robust in handling complex documents layout for KIE by combining graph learning with graph convolution operation, yielding a richer semantic representation containing the textual and visual features and global layout without ambiguity. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets have been conducted to show that our method outperforms baselines methods by significant margins. Our code is available at https://github.com/wenwenyu/PICK-pytorch.
IL-4 induces a Th2 response in Leishmania major-infected mice (1992)

The infection of mice with Leishmania major can cause either a fatal disseminated disease or a localized healing disease, depending on the genetic background of the mice. A strong correlation has been shown between disease outcome and the nature of the T cell response, with healer strains developing a Th1-like response and nonhealer strains a Th2-like response. The treatment of nonhealer BALB/c mice with a single dose of an anti-IL-4 antibody, given at the time of infection with L. major, allowed these mice to develop healing Th1-like responses, suggesting that IL-4 is required in BALB/c mice for the differentiation of Th cells into Th2 cells. Anti-IL-4 had to be present during the first 2 wk of infection to have this effect. Anti-IL-4 caused a marked shift from a Th2 to a Th1 pattern of cytokine expression within 4 days, in vivo, and injections of IL-4 had the opposite effect on the early response in healer C3H/HeN mice. These findings demonstrate that IL-4 can induce the development of Th2 response to L. major infection in vivo.
Surveillance of Bulk Raw and Commercially Pasteurized Cows' Milk from Approved Irish Liquid-Milk Pasteurization Plants To Determine the Incidence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (2004)

Over the 13-month period from October 2000 to November 2001 (inclusive), the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) carried out surveillance of Irish bulk raw (n = 389) and commercially pasteurized (n = 357) liquid-milk supplies to determine the incidence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The pasteurization time-temperature conditions were recorded for all pasteurized samples. Overall, 56% of whole-milk pasteurized samples had been heat treated at or above a time-temperature combination of 75 degrees C for 25 s. All analyses were undertaken at the Department of Food Science (Food Microbiology) laboratory at Queen's University Belfast. Each milk sample was subjected to two tests for M. paratuberculosis: immunomagnetic separation-PCR (IMS-PCR; to detect the presence of M. paratuberculosis cells, live or dead) and chemical decontamination and culture (to confirm the presence of viable M. paratuberculosis). Overall, M. paratuberculosis DNA was detected by IMS-PCR in 50 (12.9%; 95% confidence interval, 9.9 to 16.5%) raw-milk samples and 35 (9.8%; 95% confidence interval, 7.1 to 13.3%) pasteurized-milk samples. Confirmed M. paratuberculosis was cultured from one raw-milk sample and no pasteurized-milk samples. It is concluded that M. paratuberculosis DNA is occasionally present at low levels in both raw and commercially pasteurized cows' milk. However, since no viable M. paratuberculosis was isolated from commercially pasteurized cows' milk on retail sale in the Republic of Ireland, current pasteurization procedures are considered to be effective.
Miniature forward‐imaging B‐scan optical coherence tomography probe to guide real‐time laser ablation (2014)

A combined miniature OCT and laser-delivery probe can monitor real-time tissue laser ablation. With additional testing and improvements, this novel instrument has the future possibility of effectively guiding surgeries by simultaneously imaging and ablating tissue.
Design of wide-angle selective absorbers/emitters with dielectric filled metallic photonic crystals for energy applications (2013)

The design and simulation of a wide angle, spectrally selective absorber/emitter metallic photonic crystal (MPhC) is presented. By using dielectric filled cavities, the angular, spectrally selective absorption/emission of the MPhC is dramatically enhanced over an air filled design by minimizing diffraction losses. Theoretical analysis is performed and verified via rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) based simulations. An efficiency comparison of the dielectric filled designs for solar thermophotovoltaic applications is performed for the absorber and emitter which yields a 7% and 15.7% efficiency improvement, respectively, compared to air filled designs. The converted power output density is also improved by 33.5%.
A Grid Based Architecture for High-Performance NLP (2003)

We describe the design and early implementation of an extensible, component-based software architecture for natural language engineering applications which interfaces with high performance distributed computing services. The architecture leverages existing linguistic resource description and discovery mechanisms based on metadata descriptions, combining these in a compatible fashion with other software definition abstractions. Within this architecture, application design is highly flexible, allowing disparate components to be combined to suit the overall application functionality, and formally described independently of processing concerns. An application specification language provides abstraction from the programming environment and allows ease of interface with high performance computational grids via a broker.
A clustered manycore processor architecture for embedded and accelerated applications (2013)

The Kalray MPPA-256 processor integrates 256 user cores and 32 system cores on a chip with 28nm CMOS technology. Each core implements a 32-bit 5-issue VLIW architecture. These cores are distributed across 16 compute clusters of 16+1 cores, and 4 quad-core I/O subsystems. Each compute cluster and I/O subsystem owns a private address space, while communication and synchronization between them is ensured by data and control Networks-On-Chip (NoC). The MPPA-256 processor is also fitted with a variety of I/O controllers, in particular DDR, PCI, Ethernet, Interlaken and GPIO. We demonstrate that the MPPA-256 processor clustered manycore architecture is effective on two different classes of applications: embedded computing, with the implementation of a professional H.264 video encoder that runs in real-time at low power; and high-performance computing, with the acceleration of a financial option pricing application. In the first case, a cyclostatic dataflow programming environment is utilized, that automates application distribution over the execution resources. In the second case, an explicit parallel programming model based on POSIX processes, threads, and NoC-specific IPC is used.
Identification of Anti-Alpha Toxin Monoclonal Antibodies That Reduce the Severity of Staphylococcus aureus Dermonecrosis and Exhibit a Correlation between Affinity and Potency (2012)

Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin (AT) is an important virulence determinant and may be a valid target for immunoprophylaxis against staphylococcal disease. Here we report the identification of potent inhibitory anti-AT monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) derived using B-cell hybridoma technology from VelocImmune mice engineered to produce IgG with a human variable domain. A small panel of inhibitory MAbs blocked AT-mediated lysis of rabbit red blood cells, A549 human lung epithelial cells, and THP-1 human monocytic cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Binding studies indicated that these MAbs recognize a similar epitope on AT and exhibit dissociation constants (K(D)) ranging from 0.50 to 15 nM. In an S. aureus dermonecrosis model, mice passively immunized with anti-AT inhibitory MAbs exhibited significant reductions of lesion size relative to mice treated with an irrelevant IgG control. Interestingly, there was a correlation between MAb affinity for a single epitope, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) in the AT hemolytic assay, and lesion size reduction in the dermonecrosis model. A representative high-affinity MAb, 2A3.1, was demonstrated to significantly reduce lesion size following infection with three different clinical isolates (USA300, CC30, and CC5). Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro potency of anti-AT MAbs predicts in vivo potency in this model, supporting their continued preclinical evaluation as molecules for immunoprophylaxis against staphylococcal skin and soft tissue infections caused by diverse clinical isolates.
Efficiency Improvement of Grid-Tied Inverters at Low Input Power Using Pulse-Skipping Control Strategy (2010)

A pulse-skipping control strategy is proposed to improve efficiency of grid-tied inverters at light loads. To maximize the efficiency of pulse-skipping operation mode, three key parameters are identified and optimized based on a loss model, which is developed to find the maximal efficiency points using a 3-D search technique. A 200-W prototype inverter was setup to verify the proposed control strategy. The experimental results show that the proposed pulse-skipping control strategy greatly improves the inverter's efficiency at light loads and match the simulation results fairly well, thus, validating the proposed optimization method for pulse-skipping operation.
Analysis of different precoding/decoding strategies for multiuser beamforming (2004)

In this paper we study multiuser beamforming optimization for the uplink and the downlink of a cellular wireless system. This problem can be approached under different side conditions, like power constraints (total vs. individual), signal processing complexity (linear vs. non-linear successive precoding/decoding) and with different performance criteria (e.g. SINR, sum rate, effective bandwidth). We analyze and compare different transmission strategies and show that even though they are closely related, they may largely differ in their analytical structure. In particular, we investigate whether or not the given problems are convex, which is important for the design of efficient algorithms.
Alkyne Oxidations by cis-Dioxoruthenium(VI) Complexes. A Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Alkynes with cis-[(Cn*)(CF3CO2)RuVIO2]ClO4 (Cn* = 1,4,7-Trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) (2000)

cis-Dioxoruthenium(VI) complexes, [Cn*(CF3CO 2)Ru(VI)O2]ClO4 (1) (Cn* = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) and cis-[(Tet-Me6)Ru(VI)O2](ClO 4)2 (2) (Tet-Me6 = N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-3,6-dimethyl-3,6-diazaoctane-1,8-diamine), oxidize disubstituted alkynes to 1,2-diketones selectively in good to excellent yields under ambient conditions. The reactions proceed via the formation of dark blue [(Cn*)(CF3CO2)Ru(IV)OC2R1R2O] + intermediates, which display a characteristic UV-visible absorption band at 550-680 nm. With bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene as substrate and 1 as the oxidant, the intermediate was isolated and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography as a [3 + 2] cycloadduct. The kinetics of the cycloaddition of 1 with various substituted trimethylsilylacetylenes has been studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. With the exception of bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene, the second-order rate constants were found to vary over a range of less than an order of magnitude irrespective of a 2.3 eV change of the calculated I(p) of the alkynes; therefore, a rate-limiting single electron-transfer mechanism is unlikely. The participation of oxirene (oxene insertion) and metallaoxetene ([2 + 2] cycloaddition) intermediates appears to be implausible based on product analysis. A linear Hammett correlation was established using σ + and σ(jj). parameters for the cycloaddition of 1 with para-substituted aryl trimethylsilylacetylenes, and the rate-limiting vinyl radical intermediate formation is proposed.
Innate Immune Recognition (2002)

The innate immune system is a universal and ancient form of host defense against infection. Innate immune recognition relies on a limited number of germline-encoded receptors. These receptors evolved to recognize conserved products of microbial metabolism produced by microbial pathogens, but not by the host. Recognition of these molecular structures allows the immune system to distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self. Toll-like receptors play a major role in pathogen recognition and initiation of inflammatory and immune responses. Stimulation of Toll-like receptors by microbial products leads to the activation of signaling pathways that result in the induction of antimicrobial genes and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, stimulation of Toll-like receptors triggers dendritic cell maturation and results in the induction of costimulatory molecules and increased antigen-presenting capacity. Thus, microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors helps to direct adaptive immune responses to antigens derived from microbial pathogens.
[Neurodegenerative diseases, antioxidative enzymes and copper. A review of experimental research.]. (2003)

The results indicate that the oxidative defenses in four neurodegenerative diseases with different clinical features are defective as the activity of two copper containing antioxidative enzymes, ceruloplasmin and SOD1, was found defective in all of them. In a developmental syndrome (autism), where neither active degenerative changes nor aggregations are found, no such changes in enzyme activity were detected. The results thus support the idea that deranged oxidative defense is a common denominator in the pathogenesis of these diseases. As far as sheep is concerned, the results also indicate, that there is a defect in oxidative defense connected with increased susceptibility to scrapie infection in the form of lowered glutathione peroxidase activity.
BMP-7 is an inducer of nephrogenesis, and is also required for eye development and skeletal patterning. (1995)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors originally identified by their ability to induce ectopic bone formation. To investigate the function of one of the BMPs, BMP-7, we have generated BMP-7-deficient mice using embryonic stem cell technology. BMP-7-deficient mice die shortly after birth because of poor kidney development. Histological analysis of mutant embryos at several stages of development revealed that metanephric mesenchymal cells fail to differentiate, resulting in a virtual absence of glomerulus in newborn kidneys. In situ hybridization analysis showed that the absence of BMP-7 affects the expression of molecular markers of nephrogenesis, such as Pax-2 and Wnt-4 between 12.5 and 14.5 days postcoitum (dpc). This identifies BMP-7 as an inducer of nephrogenesis. In addition, BMP-7-deficient mice have eye defects that appear to originate during lens induction. Finally, BMP-7-deficient mice also have skeletal patterning defects restricted to the rib cage, the skull, and the hindlimbs.
Differential expression of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 in colon carcinoma (2001)

In patients with colon carcinoma, Ang-2 is expressed ubiquitously in tumor epithelium, whereas expression of Ang-1 in tumor epithelium is rare. The net gain of Ang-2 activity is possibly an initiating factor for tumor angiogenesis.
Path Analysis in Genetic Epidemiology (2006)

Abstract The method of path analysis evaluates the importance of genetic and familial environmental effects for explaining the variability in a trait. The method may be applied to data on simple families, twins and other extended families.
Evaluation of an intra-articular synthetic ligament for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs: a six-month prospective clinical trial (2016)

The procedure was generally effective at improving lameness scores, but did not consistently maintain postoperative stifle stability and had an unacceptably high complication rate. This synthetic ligament procedure cannot be recommended for use in its current form.
Infiltration of Hematogenous Lineage Cells Into the Demyelinating Central Nervous System of Twitcher Mice (2000)

Infiltration of hematogenous lineage cells into the central nervous system (CNS) was investigated in the twitcher mouse, a murine model of globoid cell leukodystrophy in human. The hematogenous cells were selectively labeled following intraperitoneal injection of rhodamine isothiocyanate (RhIc). The frequency of detecting Rhlc-labeled cells (Rhlc+ cells) in the twitcher CNS varied with age. RhIc+ cells were hardly detected when injection was made prior to the postnatal day (PND) 30. The number of Rhlc' cells increased thereafter peaked at PND 35-38 and declined drastically at PND 40-45. The majority of RhIc+ cells were distributed in white matter of the CNS that correlated well with the areas of demyelination and of increased microglia/macrophage population described in our earlier studies. Almost all Rhlc+ cells were double-labeled with antibody for Mac-1 and also with MHC class II. Some small cells double-labeled with RhIc and antibodies for CD4, CD8, or IL-2R were also identified. By RT-PCR, the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein- (MCP-1) mRNA increased drastically at PND 30, peaked at PND 35, and decreased gradually after PND 40. This pattern of mRNA changes correlated well with the dynamic pattern of the infiltration of hematogenous cells into the CNS, suggesting a role of chemokine(s) in the cellular infiltration in the twitcher brain. The expression of IL-10 mRNA also increased gradually. IL-10 is a cytokine inhibitory factor and a major regulator in suppressing the inflammatory response. Thus, our results indicated that hematogenous lineage cells infiltrated in the CNS of twitcher mice, and that MCP-1 and IL-10 may play an important role in regulating the cellular recruitment.