gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Esophageal Carcinoma Using Tc-99m MIBI SPECT Imaging (1994)

Thirty male patients, ranging in age from 41-78 years, with esophageal carcinomas underwent Tc-99m MIBI SPECT of the chest to evaluate the value of Tc-99m MIBI in the detection of esophageal carcinoma. In addition, Tc-99m MIBI SPECT of the chest was performed, for comparative purposes, in 10 normal patients who were referred because of suspected ischemic heart disease. Of the 30 patients with esophageal carcinoma, 22 epidermoid carcinomas (73%) were detected using Tc-99m MIBI chest SPECT, while eight carcinomas (27%) were not detected. In comparison, 10 of the control patients (100%) were not detected on the Tc-99m MIBI chest SPECT. In addition, the diagnostic sensitivity was not related to cell differentiation, the location, or the size of the carcinomas. These results suggest that the Tc-99m MIBI chest SPECT could be a helpful test to detect esophageal carcinoma.
13.4 A 6.3mW BLE transceiver embedded RX image-rejection filter and TX harmonic-suppression filter reusing on-chip matching network (2015)

In previous research, solutions to the requirements for BLE have been widely discussed such as using the sliding IF (SIF) architecture in the RX [1,2] and a Class-D amplifier [2] with HD2 calibration [4] in the TX to achieve lower current consumption. The SIF architecture, however, involves RF image blocking violation without exception rule or the use of additional off-chip filters. In the TX, meanwhile, the calibration incurs a weakness in terms of the offset issue. Moreover, there is no approach to achieve "zero" external components for the RF port. In this paper, a BLE transceiver, with a reconfigurable filter, embedded into an on-chip matching network without any external components, is presented.
Protection of Chickens from Newcastle and Marek's Diseases with a Recombinant Herpesvirus of Turkeys Vaccine Expressing the Newcastle Disease Virus Fusion Protein (1992)

Recombinant strains of herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) were constructed that contain either the fusion protein gene or the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) inserted into a nonessential gene of HVT. Expression of the NDV antigens was regulated from a strong promoter element derived from the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat. Recombinant HVT strains were stable and fully infectious in cell culture and in chickens. Chickens receiving a single intra-abdominal inoculation at 1 day of age with recombinant HVT expressing the NDV fusion protein had an immunological response and were protected (> 90%) against lethal intramuscular challenge at 28 days of age with the neurotropic velogenic NDV strain Texas GB. Recombinant HVT expressing the NDV hemagglutinin-neuraminidase provided partial protection (47%) against the same challenge. Chickens vaccinated with recombinant HVT vaccines had low levels of protection against NDV replication in the trachea when challenged ocularly. Recombinant HVT vaccines and the parent HVT strain provided similar levels of protection to chickens challenged with the very virulent RB1B strain of Marek's disease virus, indicating that insertion of foreign sequences into the HVT genome did not compromise the ability of HVT to protect against Marek's disease.
Isolation of a relatively nontoxic 65-kilodalton protein inclusion from the parasporal body of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (1986)

Ultrastructural studies of the mosquitocidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis revealed that the parasporal body contained three major inclusion types, designated types 1, 2, and 3, which could be differentiated on the basis of electron opacity and size and, to some extent, shape. The type-2 inclusion, which was of moderate electron density and often appeared as a bar-shaped polyhedral body, was isolated on NaBr gradients from purified parasporal bodies and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy, and bioassays against neonate larvae of Aedes aegypti. Purified inclusions averaged 150 to 200 nm by 500 to 700 nm in transverse sections and consisted almost exclusively of a 65-kilodalton (kDa) protein contaminated with minor quantities of 38- and 28-kDa proteins. Lethal concentration values at the 50% level for preparations of the purified parasporal body and the type-2 inclusion were, respectively, 0.66 and 43 ng/ml, indicating that the 65-kDa protein is only slightly toxic to mosquitoes in comparison to the intact parasporal body. Analysis of the type-2 polyhedral inclusion by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and bioassays during different stages of purification demonstrated a positive correlation between the toxicity of the preparation and the degree of contamination with the 28-kDa protein. These results indicate that the 65-kDa protein is not the primary larvicidal toxin, although it may act in conjunction with other parasporal body proteins to produce the high mosquitocidal toxicity characteristic of this bacterium.
DISTRIBUTED AND MULTIPLEXED FIBER OPTIC SENSORS (2024)

An important advantage of fiber optic sensors is their ability to provide passive sensing of a wide range of physical fields. In an intrinsic fiber optic sensor, the modulation of the optical carrier induced by the measurand field occurs while the light remains guided within the fiber. Intrinsic distributed sensors are particularly attractive for use in applications where monitoring of a single measurand is required at a large number of points or continuously over the path of the fiber. The measurement of strain in fibers embedded in composite materials is an interesting application for distributed sensing techniques based on localized fiber loss. Multiplexing is the simultaneous transmission of two or more information channels along a common path, in this case an optical fiber. This chapter describes a number of different sensor network architectures or system topologies based on time, frequency, and coherence multiplexing.
The gibberellin‐induced, cysteine‐rich protein GIP2 from Petunia hybrida exhibits in planta antioxidant activity (2006)

Numerous GAST-like genes have been identified in various plant species. All code for small proteins with a conserved C-terminal region in which 12 cysteines are located in exactly the same positions. We have previously identified five gibberellin (GA)-induced GAST1-like genes in petunia, GIP1-5. GIP2 is expressed in elongating zones, and its suppression in transgenic petunia plants inhibits stem elongation, suggesting a role for the protein in GA-induced cell growth. However, nothing is known about the biochemical activity of GIP2 or any other GAST-like protein. As all contain putative catalytic disulfide bonds (putative redox-active cysteines), we speculated that they might be involved in redox regulation. Expression analysis of GIP2, GIP4 and GIP5 revealed that they are induced by H(2)O(2). To study whether GIP2 modulates H(2)O(2) levels, we generated transgenic petunia plants expressing GIP2 under the regulation of the ubiquitous CaMV 35S promoter. The transgene reduced H(2)O(2) levels in leaves following wounding. It also reduced the levels of H(2)O(2) in guard cells following osmotic stress and ABA treatments, leading to the suppression of stomatal closure. In addition, the transgene promoted stem and corolla elongation. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in cell elongation, we suggest that GIP2 affects growth by regulating the levels of ROS. As all known GAST-like proteins contain putative redox-active cysteines, they may all act as antioxidants.
Comma-Free Codes (1958)

Let n be a fixed positive integer, and consider an alphabet consisting of the numbers 1, 2, … , n . With this alphabet form all possible k -letter words ( a 1 a 2 … a k ), where k is also fixed. There are evidently n k such words in all.
Identification of a Novel microRNA That Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation in Muscle Side Population Cells (2012)

Muscle satellite cells are largely responsible for skeletal muscle regeneration following injury. Side population (SP) cells, which are thought to be muscle stem cells, also contribute to muscle regeneration. SP cells exhibit high mesenchymal potential, and are a possible cell source for therapy of muscular dystrophy. However, the mechanism by which muscle SP cells are committed to differentiation is poorly understood. microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in modulating a variety of cellular processes through repression of their mRNA targets. In skeletal muscle, miRNAs are known to be involved in myoblast proliferation and differentiation. To investigate mechanisms of SP cell regulation, we profiled miRNA expression in SP cells and main population (MP) cells in muscles using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-based expression assays. We identified a set of miRNAs that was highly expressed in SP cells as compared with MP cells. One miRNA, miR-128a, was elevated in expression in SP cells, but decreased in expression during continued culture in vitro. Overexpression of miR-128a in SP cells resulted in inhibited cell proliferation. The differentiation potential of SP cells was also decreased when miR-128a was overexpressed. MiR-128a was found to regulate the target genes involved in the regulation of adipogenic-, osteogenic- and myogenic genes that include: PPARγ, Runx1, and Pax3. Overexpression of miR-128a suppressed the activity of a luciferase reporter fused to the 3'-untranslated region of each gene. These results demonstrate that miR-128a contributes to the maintenance of the quiescent state, and it regulates cellular differentiation by repressing individual genes in SP cells.
Abnormal behavior of interferon-induced enzymatic activities in an interferon-resistant cell line. (1980)

Interferon induces two double-stranded RNA-dependent enzymatic activities: an oligoisoadenylate synthetase that converts ATP to ppp(A2'p)n5'A, and a protein phosphokinase. We have explored the level and inducibility of these two enzymes in a human cell line (HEC-1) totally insensitive to both the antiviral and the anticellular actions of interferon. The activities of both enzymes are high in untreated cells and only minor changes occur after treatment with interferon, even at high concentrations. Interferon-treated HEC-1 cells do not contain an inhibitor of the oligoisoadenylate synthetase activity. The products of this HEC-1 oligoisoadenylate synthetase consist mainly of dimers, trimers, and tetramers as found in other cell lines after interferon treatment. The synthetase level is unaffected by treating the cells with anti-interferon antiserum, indicating that the results cannot be explained by a spontaneous low production of interferon by these cells. Furthermore, virus multiplication is not inhibited, even after treatment with interferon. These observations suggest that either the two enzymatic activities do not suffice for the establishment of an antiviral state in vivo or that a regulatory control mechanism, lost in these cells and common for both enzymes, is required for the expression of the antiviral action of interferon. This might explain both the constitutivity of the two enzymes and the interferon resistance observed.
Quantitative Contrasts in the Copolymerization of Acrylate- and Methacrylate-Based Comonomers (2006)

Automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization reactions (ACOMP) was used to assess quantitatively the reactivity, average composition drift and distributions, as well as molar mass and intrinsic viscosity evolution of comonomers from the acrylate and methacrylate families during free radical copolymerization. In the latter case, N-methacryloxysuccinimide (MASI) was of chief interest because of its promise as a starting material from which highly tailored polymers can be produced by postpolymerization modifications. It was found that the reactivity ratios of MASI with an acrylate, such as butyl acrylate (BA), were widely separated and comparable to the case of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and BA. In contrast, reactivity ratios for MMA/MASI were closer together, consistent with general trends in the literature for MMA copolymerization with other methacrylates. While this is intuitively reasonable from a chemical point of view, this comprehensive online characterization confirms that at least some predictions about MASI copolymerization behavior can be made using the much wider knowledge base for MMA. The disparity between BA/MASI copolymerization compared to MMA/MASI is also seen in the unusual increase in weight-average molar mass and intrinsic viscosity as conversion increases. This work establishes the precedents and methodologies that can be used as a general tool in MASI-based developments and paves the way toward monitoring ATRP copolymerization of MASI, as well as postpolymerization modifications such as hydrolysis and derivitization.
Tunable, Ultrasensitive pH‐Responsive Nanoparticles Targeting Specific Endocytic Organelles in Living Cells (2011)

Switch it up: Tunable, pH-responsive nanoparticles can be selectively activated in different endocytic compartments. At high pH values, micelle formation (see picture, left) quenches fluorescence by Förster resonance energy transfer. The micelles disassemble at low pH values, leading to fluorescence emission. This nonlinear on/off nanoplatform offers many exciting opportunities in diagnostic imaging and drug-delivery applications.
Clinical Manual of Eating Disorders (2008)

If you want to save yourself the time reading this review, just order yourself a copy of the Clinical Manual of Eating Disorders, edited by Joel Yager and Pauline Powers, and enjoy. The style is re...
Copper-encapsulated silicon micromachined structures (2000)

Selective copper encapsulation on silicon has been used to fabricate micromachined devices such as inductors with quality factors over 30 at frequencies above 5 GHz. The devices are fabricated using either polysilicon surface micromachining, or integrated polysilicon and deep reactive ion etching bulk silicon micromachining. Their exposed silicon surfaces are selectively activated by palladium activation, which allows the subsequent copper deposition on the activated silicon surfaces only. This silicon encapsulated-with-copper technique takes advantage of both the excellent mechanical properties of silicon (to maintain structural integrity), and the high conductivity of copper (for electrical signal transmission). Furthermore, the process not only minimizes interfacial forces typical of physical metal deposition on silicon, but also balances the forces by metal encapsulation on all sides of the silicon structures.
Genetic and Structural Variation in the Gastric Cancer Kinome Revealed through Targeted Deep Sequencing (2010)

Genetic alterations in kinases have been linked to multiple human pathologies. To explore the landscape of kinase genetic variation in gastric cancer (GC), we used targeted, paired-end deep sequencing to analyze 532 protein and phosphoinositide kinases in 14 GC cell lines. We identified 10,604 single-nucleotide variants (SNV) in kinase exons including greater than 300 novel nonsynonymous SNVs. Family-wise analysis of the nonsynonymous SNVs revealed a significant enrichment in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related genes (P < 0.01), suggesting a preferential involvement of this kinase family in GC. A potential antioncogenic role for MAP2K4, a gene exhibiting recurrent alterations in 2 lines, was functionally supported by siRNA knockdown and overexpression studies in wild-type and MAP2K4 variant lines. The deep sequencing data also revealed novel, large-scale structural rearrangement events involving kinases including gene fusions involving CDK12 and the ERBB2 receptor tyrosine kinase in MKN7 cells. Integrating SNVs and copy number alterations, we identified Hs746T as a cell line exhibiting both splice-site mutations and genomic amplification of MET, resulting in MET protein overexpression. When applied to primary GCs, we identified somatic mutations in 8 kinases, 4 of which were recurrently altered in both primary tumors and cell lines (MAP3K6, STK31, FER, and CDKL5). These results demonstrate that how targeted deep sequencing approaches can deliver unprecedented multilevel characterization of a medically and pharmacologically relevant gene family. The catalog of kinome genetic variants assembled here may broaden our knowledge on kinases and provide useful information on genetic alterations in GC.
The Vitruvian manifold: Inferring dense correspondences for one-shot human pose estimation (2012)

Fitting an articulated model to image data is often approached as an optimization over both model pose and model-to-image correspondence. For complex models such as humans, previous work has required a good initialization, or an alternating minimization between correspondence and pose. In this paper we investigate one-shot pose estimation: can we directly infer correspondences using a regression function trained to be invariant to body size and shape, and then optimize the model pose just once? We evaluate on several challenging single-frame data sets containing a wide variety of body poses, shapes, torso rotations, and image cropping. Our experiments demonstrate that one-shot pose estimation achieves state of the art results and runs in real-time.
Optimizing fluorescent in situ hybridization with rRNA‐targeted oligonucleotide probes for flow cytometric identification of microorganisms (1993)

A combination of fluorescent rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes ("phylogenetic stains") and flow cytometry was used for a high resolution automated analysis of mixed microbial populations. Fixed cells of bacteria and yeasts were hybridized in suspension with fluorescein- or tetramethylrhodamine-labeled oligonucleotide probes complementary to group-specific regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules. Quantifying probe-conferred cell fluorescence by flow cytometry, we could discriminate between target and nontarget cell populations. We critically examined changes of the hybridization conditions, kinetics of the hybridization, and posthybridization treatments. Intermediate probe concentrations, addition of detergent to the hybridization buffer, and a posthybridization washing step were found to increase the signal to noise ratio. We could demonstrate a linear correlation between growth rate and probe-conferred fluorescence of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas cepacia cells. Oligonucleotides labeled with multiple fluorochromes showed elevated levels of nonspecific binding and therefore could not be used to lower the detection limits, which still restrict studies with fluorescing rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes to well-growing microbial cells. Two probes of different specificities--one labeled with fluorescein, the other with tetramethylrhodamine--could be applied simultaneously for dual color analysis.
Inhibitors of Strand Transfer That Prevent Integration and Inhibit HIV-1 Replication in Cells (2000)

Integrase is essential for human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) replication; however, potent inhibition of the isolated enzyme in biochemical assays has not readily translated into antiviral activity in a manner consistent with inhibition of integration. In this report, we describe diketo acid inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase that manifest antiviral activity as a consequence of their effect on integration. The antiviral activity of these compounds is due exclusively to inhibition of one of the two catalytic functions of integrase, strand transfer.
NeonatOx: A Pumpless Extracorporeal Lung Support for Premature Neonates (2011)

Gas exchange in premature neonates is regularly impaired by structural and functional immaturity of the lung. Mechanical ventilation, which is vitally important to sustain oxygenation and CO(2) elimination, causes, at the same time, mechanical and inflammatory destruction of lung tissue. To date, extracorporeal oxygenation is not a treatment option, one reason among others being the size of available oxygenators and cannulas. We hypothesized that a substantial improvement in gas exchange can be achieved by maintenance of the fetal cardiopulmonary bypass and interposition of a suitable passively driven (arteriovenous) membrane oxygenator. In close cooperation between engineers and neonatologists, we developed a miniaturized oxygenator and adapted cannulas to be used as a pumpless extracorporeal lung support that is connected to the circulation via cannulation of the umbilical cord vessels. First in vitro and in vivo studies show promising results. We regard this as one step on the way to clinical application of the artificial placenta.
Biomarker Discovery and Identification in Laser Microdissected Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma with ProteinChip® Technology, Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, and Immunohistochemistry (2003)

Head and neck cancer is a frequent malignancy with a complex, and up to now not clear etiology. Therefore, despite of improvements in diagnosis and therapy, the survival rate with head and neck squamous-cell carcinomas is poor. For a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the process of tumorigenesis and tumor progression, we have analyzed changes of protein expression between microdissected normal pharyngeal epithelium and tumor tissue by ProteinChip technology. For this, cryostat sections from head and neck tumors (n = 57) and adjacent mucosa (n = 44) were laser-microdissected and analyzed on ProteinChip arrays. The derived mass spectrometry profiles exhibited numerous statistical differences. One peak significantly higher expressed in the tumor (p = 0.000029) was isolated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified as annexin V by in-gel proteolytic digestion, peptide mapping, tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and immuno-deplete assay. The relevance of this single marker protein was further evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Annexin-positive tissue areas were re-analyzed on ProteinChip arrays to confirm the identity of this protein. In this study, we could show that biomarker in head and neck cancer can be found, identified, and assessed by combination of ProteinChip technology, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and immunohistochemistry. In our experience, however, such studies only make sense if a relatively pure microdissected tumor tissue is used. Only then minute changes in protein expression between normal pharyngeal epithelium and tumor tissue can be detected, and it will become possible to educe a tumor-associated protein pattern that might be used as a marker for tumorigenesis and progression.