gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of L-carnitine and/or L-acetyl-carnitine in nutrition treatment for male infertility: a systematic review. (2007)

The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the efficacy of L-carnitine (LC) and/or L-acetyl-carnitine (LAC) in nutrition treatment for male infertility according to present clinical evidence. Biomedical databases were searched to collect related clinical trials and nine relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The quality of the RCTs was assessed based on their performance in randomization, blinding, and allocation concealment. The meta-analysis compared LC and /or LAC therapy to placebo treatment found significant improvement in pregnancy rate (OR = 4.10, 95% CI (2.08, 8.08), p< 0.0001), total sperm motility (WMD = 7.43, 95% CI (1.72, 13.14), p = 0.04, forward sperm motility (WMD = 11.83, 95% CI (0.49, 23.16), p = 0.04) and atypical sperm cell (WMD = -5.72, 95% CI (-7.89, -3.56), p< 0.00001). However, no significant difference was found in the sperm concentration (WMD = 5.69, 95% CI (-4.47, 15.84), p = 0.27) and semen volume (WMD = 0.28, 95% CI (-0.02, 0.58), p = 0.07). In conclusion, the administration of LC and/or LAC may be effective in improving pregnancy rate and sperm kinetic features in patients affected by male infertility. However, the exact efficacy of carnitines on male infertility needs to be confirmed by further investigations.
Human cytomegalovirus. IV. Specific inhibition of virus-induced DNA polymerase activity and viral DNA replication by phosphonoacetic acid (1975)

Phosphonoacetic acid specifically inhibited human cytomegalovirus DNA synthesis in virus-infected human fibroblasts as detected by virus-specific nucleic acid hybridization. Inhibition was reversible; viral DNA synthesis resumed upon the removal of the drug. The compound partially inhibited DNA synthesis of host cells in the log phase of growth but had little effect on confluent cells. Studies of partially purified enzymes indicated that phosphonoacetic acid specifically inhibited virus-induced DNA polymerase and had only a slight effect on normal host cell enzymes. The drug was shown to interact directly with virus-induced enzyme but not with the template-primers.
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Chiral Ruthenium Complexes (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAsymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Chiral Ruthenium ComplexesRyoji Noyori and Shohei HashiguchiView Author Information ERATO Molecular Catalysis Project, Research Development Corporation of Japan (JRDC), 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota 470-03, Japan Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1997, 30, 2, 97–102Publication Date (Web):February 13, 1997Publication History Received31 July 1996Published online13 February 1997Published inissue 1 February 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar9502341https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9502341research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views24995Altmetric-Citations2094LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Ketones,Ligands,Redox reactions,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts
Novel Techniques for Monitoring and Enhancing Dissolution of Mineral Deposits in Petroleum Pipelines (1995)

Abstract This paper presents a summary of work carried out and the results achieved in developing novel ultrasonic techniques for monitoring and enhancing dissolution of mineral scale deposits in petroleum pipelines. Problems of conventional ultrasonic techniques with respect to testing pipes are analysed. The development of mathematical and experimental models to extract the characteristic features from ultrasonic scans representing the acoustic properties of the mineral deposits beneath the pipe wall are described. These properties are compared with stored data to identify the type of deposits and hence assess their growth which aids performance optimisation of remedial scale dissolver and preventative scale inhibitor treatments. The process of de-scaling is further enhanced by ultrasonic irradiation and methods for monitoring the dissolution process in real-time are proposed.
Sacral Nerve Stimulation is more Effective than Optimal Medical Therapy for Severe Fecal Incontinence: A Randomized, Controlled Study (2008)

Sacral neuromodulation significantly improved the outcome in patients with severe fecal incontinence compared with the control group undergoing optimal medical therapy.
Toll-Like Receptor 3 Has a Protective Role against West Nile Virus Infection (2008)

Protection against West Nile virus (WNV) infection requires rapid viral sensing and the generation of an interferon (IFN) response. Mice lacking IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) show increased vulnerability to WNV infection with enhanced viral replication and blunted IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) responses. IRF-3 functions downstream of several viral sensors, including Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), RIG-I, and MDA5. Cell culture studies suggest that host recognizes WNV in part, through the cytoplasmic helicase RIG-I and to a lesser extent, MDA5, both of which activate ISG expression through IRF-3. However, the role of TLR3 in vivo in recognizing viral RNA and activating antiviral defense pathways has remained controversial. We show here that an absence of TLR3 enhances WNV mortality in mice and increases viral burden in the brain. Compared to congenic wild-type controls, TLR3(-/-) mice showed relatively modest changes in peripheral viral loads. Consistent with this, little difference in multistep viral growth kinetics or IFN-alpha/beta induction was observed between wild-type and TLR3(-/-) fibroblasts, macrophages, and dendritic cells. In contrast, a deficiency of TLR3 was associated with enhanced viral replication in primary cortical neuron cultures and greater WNV infection in central nervous system neurons after intracranial inoculation. Taken together, our data suggest that TLR3 serves a protective role against WNV in part, by restricting replication in neurons.
Valproic Acid Downregulates the Expression of MGMT and Sensitizes Temozolomide-Resistant Glioma Cells (2012)

Temozolomide (TMZ) has become a key therapeutic agent in patients with malignant gliomas; however, its survival benefit remains unsatisfactory. Valproic acid (VPA) has emerged as an anticancer drug via inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), but the therapeutic advantages of a combination with VPA and TMZ remain poorly understood. The main aim of the present study was to determine whether an antitumor effect could be potentiated by a combination of VPA and TMZ, especially in TMZ-resistant cell lines. A combination of VPA and TMZ had a significantly enhanced antitumor effect in TMZ-resistant malignant glioma cells (T98 and U138). This enhanced antitumor effect correlated with VPA-mediated reduced O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression, which plays an important role in cellular resistance to alkylating agents. In vitro, the combination of these drugs enhanced the apoptotic and autophagic cell death, as well as suppressed the migratory activities in TMZ-resistant cell lines. Furthermore, in vivo efficacy experiment showed that treatment of combination of VPA and TMZ significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the monotherapy groups of mice. These results suggest that the clinical efficacy of TMZ chemotherapy in TMZ-resistant malignant glioma may be improved by combination with VPA.
Composite Television Coding: Subsampling and Interpolation (1982)

In a continuing study of predictive coding of composite NTSC television signals sampled at four times color subcarrier frequency (14.3 MHz), we describe results of subsampling and interpolation. Our ultimate goal is to demonstrate a coding system for a transmission rate of 45 M/bits/sec with full broadcast quality. Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) with Variable Word-Length Coding is used to reduce the bit rate for the channel. But this requires a buffer to smooth the data output. Buffer overflow is prevented by quantizer selection and by subsampling. — We report on 4:3 and 2:1 subsampling ratios. We present a list of general considerations for the design of subsampling patterns and interpolation filters. Various subsampling patterns and corresponding interpolation algorithms and their effects on the quality of the coded picture are evaluated. Adaptive interpolation using samples from the present and the previous field is considered. Simple motion indication circuits for interpolation mode selection are described. A particular interpolation filter using chrominance information from the previous field is effective without resorting to adaptive interpolation. Picture quality judgements are based on observations of specially-selected worst-case conditions using real time processing on a mixed hardware/software experimental facility.
Proton spectroscopy of brain glutamine in acute liver failure (1995)

Evidence indicates that the accumulation of glutamine in the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis and severity of the encephalopathy of acute liver failure (ALF). This study uses in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) to assess brain glutamine (GLN) in five cases of acute liver failure. The findings are consistent with prior investigations and suggest that the alpha 1H of the GLN molecule can be used for noninvasive spectroscopic quantitation of brain GLN in patients with ALF.
Hydrogel Stamping of Arrays of Supported Lipid Bilayers with Various Lipid Compositions for the Screening of Drug–Membrane and Protein–Membrane Interactions (2005)

Stamping on fat: Agarose gel stamps were used to create ≥100 membrane arrays (see picture) by using only picomolar amounts of lipids. This constitutes a rapid and straightforward method for the fabrication of functional membrane arrays with a variety of lipid compositions which can be used for screening assays, for example, for drug–membrane interactions. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z502189_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Regulation of alcoholic fermentation in batch and chemostat cultures ofKluyveromyces lactis CBS 2359 (1998)

Kluyveromyces lactis is an important industrial yeast, as well as a popular laboratory model. There is currently no consensus in the literature on the physiology of this yeast, in particular with respect to aerobic alcoholic fermentation ('Crabtree effect'). This study deals with regulation of alcoholic fermentation in K. lactis CBS 2359, a proposed reference strain for molecular studies. In aerobic, glucose-limited chemostate cultures (D = 0.05-0.40 h-1) growth was entirely respiratory, without significant accumulation of ethanol or other metabolities. Alcoholic fermentation occurred in glucose-grown shake-flask cultures, but was absent during batch cultivation on glucose in fermenters under strictly aerobic conditions. This indicated that ethanol formation in the shake-flask cultures resulted from oxygen limitation. Indeed, when the oxygen feed to steady-state chemostat cultures (D = 0.10 h-1) was lowered, a mixed respirofermentative metabolism only occurred at very low dissolved oxygen concentrations (less than 1% of air saturation). The onset of respirofermentative metabolism as a result of oxygen limitation was accompanied by an increase of the levels of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase. When aerobic, glucose-limited chemostat cultures (D = 0.10 h-1) were pulsed with excess glucose, ethanol production did not occur during the first 40 min after the pulse. However, a slow aerobic ethanol formation was invariably observed after this period. Since alcoholic fermentation did not occur in aerobic batch cultures this is probably a transient response, caused by an imbalanced adjustment of enzyme levels during the transition from steady-state growth at mu = 0.10 h to growth at mu max. It is concluded that in K. lactis, as in other Crabtree-negative yeasts, the primary environmental trigger for occurrence of alcoholic fermentation is oxygen limitation.
Benzoylalanine-Derived Ketoamides Carrying Vinylbenzyl Amino Residues:  Discovery of Potent Water-Soluble Calpain Inhibitors with Oral Bioavailability (2003)

Novel benzoylalanine-derived ketoamides were prepared and evaluated for calpain I inhibition. Derivatives carrying vinylbenzyl amino residues in the P(2)-P(3) region inhibited calpain in nanomolar concentrations and thus represent a novel class of nonpeptidic calpain inhibitors. Selected examples exhibited an improved pharmacokinetic profile including improved water-solubility and metabolic stability. In particular, these calpain inhibitors showed oral bioavailability in rats as demonstrated by N-(1-benzyl-2-carbamoyl-2-oxoethyl)-2-[E-2-(4-diethylaminomethylphenyl)ethen-1-yl]benzamide (5d). The closely related derivative N-(1-carbamoyl-1-oxohex-1-yl)-2-[E-2-(4-dimethylaminomethylphenyl)-ethen-1-yl]benzamide (5b) was evaluated for neuroprotective efficacy after experimental traumatic brain injury in a fluid percussion model in rats. When administered after injury, 5b reduced the number of damaged neurons by 41%, and this result would be in line with the suggested neuroprotective efficacy of calpain inhibition.
Studies on the t-butyldimethylsilyl group as 2'-O-protection in oligoribonucleotide synthesis via the H-phosphonate approach (1988)

Two model compounds, 1 and 2, have been studied to test the stability of the t-butyldimethylsilyl (t-BDMSi) group towards conditions used during chemical synthesis of RNA fragments by the H-phosphonate approach. When 1 was treated with anhydrous acid for 16 h both the H-phosphonate diester and the t-BDMSi group remained intact. Removal of the t-BDMSi group from 2 with 1.0 M tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF .3H2O) in THF was complete within 4 h and neither concomitant cleavage nor migration of the phosphodiester linkage could be detected even after 24 h. The dimer 2 was not completely stable towards concentrated aqueous ammonia and both loss of the t-BDMSi group and concomitant cleavage of the phosphodiester linkage occurred upon prolonged treatment. These reactions were substantialy suppressed in ethanol containing ammonia solutions, however to alleviate this problem during oligoribonucleotide synthesis, more labile protecting groups for heterocyclic bases would be desired. In conclusion, these studies indicate that 2'-O-t-BDMSi can be considered as a convenient and safe protecting group, which should secure synthesis of oligoribonucleotides with exclusively 3'-5' internucleotidic linkages.
Embryonic stem cells derived from morulae, inner cell mass, and blastocysts of mink: Comparisons of their pluripotencies (1993)

Abstract A characterization of cell lines that we derived from morulae (three lines), blastocysts (two lines), and the inner cell mass (ICM) is given. The karyotype of all the lines was normal; the genotype of four lines was XX, and four lines were genotypically XY. The pluripotencies and commitment status of the derived lines were estimated. First, there were not less than two‐thirds of cells in the populations of the lines derived from morulae and the lCM with both Xs active; 70–100% of cells of the blastocyst‐derived lines had one of the Xs in an inactive state. The activity of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the lines (genotype XX) derived from morulae and ICM was found to be twofold higher than in lines with genotype XY, and G6PD activity was the same in the blastocyst‐derived XX lines and XY lines. Second, when injected intraperitoneally into athymic mice, morulae‐ and ICM‐derived cells gave rise to simple and complex embryoid bodies (EB) resembling to typical “cystic” mouse EBs. Third, when injected subcutaneously to athymic mice, the ICM‐ or morula‐derived cells gave rise to typical teratomas containing derivatives of the three germ layers and components of organogenesis. Comparisons of cell lines of different derivations demonstrated that the pluripotencies of the ES cells derived from morulae or the ICM are higher than those of blastocyst derivation. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dextranscurase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F: Characterization of the enzyme bound to Sephadex gel. (1986)

A dextransucrase with high affinity for Sephadex G-100 gel was purified from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F. The purified enzyme was very similar in its subunit molecular weight and properties to those of the main component of dextransucrase from B-512F. The stability of the enzyme was significantly increased by glycerol (33%) and bovine serum albumin (0.1%). Addition of exogenous dextran stimulated the sucrase activity (reducing sugar production) 1.3-fold, and the transferase activity (dextran synthesis) was increased 9.6-fold. Thus, the exogenous dextran clearly improved the efficiency of polymer synthesis. A micro-determination of enzyme activity by a fluorescent reagent BEC (borate ethanolamine complex) allowed for kinetic examination at lower substrate concentrations, which gave biphasic double reciprocal plots for the substrate sucrose.
Braun Lipoprotein (Lpp) Contributes to Virulence of Yersiniae: Potential Role of Lpp in Inducing Bubonic and Pneumonic Plague (2008)

Yersinia pestis evolved from Y. pseudotuberculosis to become the causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague. We identified a homolog of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lipoprotein (lpp) gene in Yersinia species and prepared lpp gene deletion mutants of Y. pseudotuberculosis YPIII, Y. pestis KIM/D27 (pigmentation locus minus), and Y. pestis CO92 with reduced virulence. Mice injected via the intraperitoneal route with 5 x 10(7) CFU of the Deltalpp KIM/D27 mutant survived a month, even though this would have constituted a lethal dose for the parental KIM/D27 strain. Subsequently, these Deltalpp KIM/D27-injected mice were solidly protected against an intranasally administered, highly virulent Y. pestis CO92 strain when it was given as five 50% lethal doses (LD(50)). In a parallel study with the pneumonic plague mouse model, after 72 h postinfection, the lungs of animals infected with wild-type (WT) Y. pestis CO92 and given a subinhibitory dose of levofloxacin had acute inflammation, edema, and masses of bacteria, while the lung tissue appeared essentially normal in mice inoculated with the Deltalpp mutant of CO92 and given the same dose of levofloxacin. Importantly, while WT Y. pestis CO92 could be detected in the bloodstreams and spleens of infected mice at 72 h postinfection, the Deltalpp mutant of CO92 could not be detected in those organs. Furthermore, the levels of cytokines/chemokines detected in the sera were significantly lower in animals infected with the Deltalpp mutant than in those infected with WT CO92. Additionally, the Deltalpp mutant was more rapidly killed by macrophages than was the WT CO92 strain. These data provided evidence that the Deltalpp mutants of yersiniae were significantly attenuated and could be useful tools in the development of new vaccines.
Commercially available luminometers and imaging devices for low‐light level measurements and kits and reagents utilizing bioluminescence or chemiluminescence: Survey update 3 (1994)

This survey was compiled in February 1994 and includes products not covered in the luminometer survey (Jan 1992: Stanley PE, J Biolumin Chemilumin 1992: 7:77-108 and 7:157-69), kits and reagent survey (Nov 1992: Stanley PE, J Biolumin Chemilumin 1993; 8:51-63), update 1 (June 1993: luminometers, kits and reagents, Stanley PE, J Biolumin Chemilumin 1993; 8:237-40) and update 2 (Dec 1993: luminometers, kits and reagents, Stanley PE, J Biolumin Chemilumin 1994; 9:51-3). Technical details are provided together with company addresses and contact information.
Steganalysis by subtractive pixel adjacency matrix (2009)

This paper presents a novel method for detection of steganographic methods that embed in the spatial domain by adding a low-amplitude independent stego signal, an example of which is LSB matching. First, arguments are provided for modeling differences between adjacent pixels using first-order and second-order Markov chains. Subsets of sample transition probability matrices are then used as features for a steganalyzer implemented by support vector machines. The accuracy of the presented steganalyzer is evaluated on LSB matching and four different databases. The steganalyzer achieves superior accuracy with respect to prior art and provides stable results across various cover sources. Since the feature set based on second-order Markov chain is high-dimensional, we address the issue of curse of dimensionality using a feature selection algorithm and show that the curse did not occur in our experiments.
Syndecans in tumor cell adhesion and signaling (2004)

Anchorage of cells to "heparin"--binding domains that are prevalent in extracellular matrix (ECM) components is thought to occur primarily through the syndecans, a four-member family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans that communicate environmental cues from the ECM to the cytoskeleton and the signaling apparatus of the cell. Known activities of the syndecans trace to their highly conserved cytoplasmic domains and to their heparan sulfate chains, which can serve to regulate the signaling of growth factors and morphogens. However, several emerging studies point to critical roles for the syndecans' extracellular protein domains in tumor cell behavior to include cell adhesion and invasion. Although the mechanisms of these activities remain largely unknown, one possibility involves "co-receptor" interactions with integrins that may regulate integrin function and the cell adhesion-signaling phenotype. Thus, alterations in syndecan expression, leading to either overexpression or loss of expression, both of which take place in tumor cells, may have dramatic effects on tumor cell invasion.