gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of Activation of the Human Neutrophil by Lipopolysaccharide and Its Mediation by p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (2002)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) evokes several functional responses in the neutrophil that contribute to innate immunity. Although certain responses, such as adhesion and synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, are inhibited by pretreatment with an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, others, such as actin assembly, are unaffected. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in neutrophil gene transcription and protein expression following lipopolysaccharide exposure and to establish their dependence on p38 signaling. Microarray analysis indicated expression of 13% of the 7070 Affymetrix gene set in nonstimulated neutrophils, and LPS up-regulation of 100 distinct genes, including cytokines and chemokines, signaling molecules, and regulators of transcription. Proteomic analysis yielded a separate list of up-regulated modulators of inflammation, signaling molecules, and cytoskeletal proteins. Poor concordance between mRNA transcript and protein expression changes was noted. Pretreatment with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 attenuated 23% of LPS-regulated genes and 18% of LPS-regulated proteins by > or = 40%. This study indicates that p38 plays a selective role in regulation of neutrophil transcripts and proteins following lipopolysaccharide exposure, clarifies that several of the effects of lipopolysaccharide are post-transcriptional and post-translational, and identifies several proteins not previously reported to be involved in the innate immune response.
Derivation of Huntington's Disease-Affected Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines (2010)

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by an expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats in the Huntingtin gene Htt. To facilitate research into HD, we have derived 4 human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines containing ≥ 40 CAG repeats in exon 1 of Htt: SIVF017-HD (CAG₄₀), SIVF018-HD (CAG₄₆), SIVF020-HD (CAG₄₈), and SIVF046-HD (CAG₄₅). Additionally, we have derived a normal sibling-matched control for SIVF020-HD, cell line SIVF019. All 5 hESC lines had a normal karyotype, expressed pluripotency markers including Oct4, SSEA3, and Tra-1-81, and could be maintained in culture for multiple (>40) passages. Teratoma studies revealed that the hESC lines were capable of differentiating into cells representative of the 3 germ layers. Furthermore, in vitro neuronal differentiation experiments have confirmed that the hESC lines were able to generate MAP2-positive neuronal cells that express the Htt protein. Combined, these experiments confirm that the cell lines represent pluripotent stem cell lines. These HD-affected hESC lines will be made available to biomedical research laboratories and will provide a valuable tool to investigate the mechanisms and potential treatments for HD.
Handbook of Heat Transfer (1997)

This wholly revised edition of a classic handbook reference, written by some of the most eminent practitioners in the field, is designed to be your all-in-one source book on heat transfer issues and problem-solving. It includes the latest advances, as well as covers subjects from microscale heat transfer to thermophysical properties of new refrigerants. An invaluable guide to this most crucial factor in virtually every industrial and environmental process
The clinical presentation of generalized anxiety in primary-care settings: practical concepts of classification and management. (1997)

On the basis of our long-term experience in treating family-practice patients and conducting clinical research with them, we propose a practical clinical nosology that takes into account the subsyndromal spectrum of generalized anxiety, as well as patterns of illness, particularly for the family-practice setting. We present an alternative proposal of how to conceptualize generalized anxiety disorders clinically into acute anxiety, subacute anxiety, chronic anxiety, and double anxiety. This is followed by a discussion of the implications for choosing from among the various anxiolytic treatment options available to the family physician and of the importance of the therapeutic context in which treatment is provided. Anxiolytics are not a panacea, but only tools to allow the patient to help himself or herself. Irrespective of which anxiolytic is chosen, and irrespective of the chronicity of the anxiety, short-term (2 to 6 weeks) anxiolytic therapy--if necessary provided more than once on an intermittent basis--should be the treatment approach of first choice. Data are presented to suggest that 50% of all chronically ill patients who have generalized anxiety disorder could benefit from such a treatment approach.
Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999 (1999)

The “Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999” presents the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s recommendations for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs), formerly called surgical wound infections. This two-part guideline updates and replaces previous guidelines. Part I, “Surgical Site Infection: An Overview,” describes the epidemiology, definitions, microbiology, pathogenesis, and surveillance of SSIs. Included is a detailed discussion of the pre-, intra-, and postoperative issues relevant to SSI genesis.
Chemical Probe Identification Platform for Orphan GPCRs Using Focused Compound Screening: GPR39 as a Case Example (2013)

Orphan G protein-coupled receptors (oGPCRs) are a class of integral membrane proteins for which endogenous ligands or transmitters have not yet been discovered. Transgenic animal technologies have uncovered potential roles for many of these oGPCRs, providing new targets for the treatment of various diseases. Understanding signaling pathways of oGPCRs and validating these receptors as potential drug targets requires the identification of chemical probe compounds to be used in place of endogenous ligands to interrogate these receptors. A novel chemical probe identification platform was created in which GPCR-focused libraries were screened against sets of oGPCR targets, with a goal of discovering fit-for-purpose chemical probes for the more druggable members of the set. Application of the platform to a set of oGPCRs resulted in the discovery of the first reported small molecule agonists for GPR39, a receptor implicated in the regulation of insulin secretion and preservation of beta cells in the pancreas. Compound 1 stimulated intracellular calcium mobilization in recombinant and native cells in a GPR39-specific manner but did not potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human islet preparations.
Stable Signal Recovery from Incomplete and Inaccurate Measurements (2005)

Suppose we wish to recover an n-dimensional real-valued vector x_0 (e.g. a digital signal or image) from incomplete and contaminated observations y = A x_0 + e; A is a n by m matrix with far fewer rows than columns (n &lt;&lt; m) and e is an error term. Is it possible to recover x_0 accurately based on the data y? To recover x_0, we consider the solution x* to the l1-regularization problem min \|x\|_1 subject to \|Ax-y\|_2 &lt;= epsilon, where epsilon is the size of the error term e. We show that if A obeys a uniform uncertainty principle (with unit-normed columns) and if the vector x_0 is sufficiently sparse, then the solution is within the noise level \|x* - x_0\|_2 \le C epsilon. As a first example, suppose that A is a Gaussian random matrix, then stable recovery occurs for almost all such A's provided that the number of nonzeros of x_0 is of about the same order as the number of observations. Second, suppose one observes few Fourier samples of x_0, then stable recovery occurs for almost any set of p coefficients provided that the number of nonzeros is of the order of n/[\log m]^6. In the case where the error term vanishes, the recovery is of course exact, and this work actually provides novel insights on the exact recovery phenomenon discussed in earlier papers. The methodology also explains why one can also very nearly recover approximately sparse signals.
The Carboxy-Terminal Transactivation Domain of Oct-4 Acquires Cell Specificity through the POU Domain (1997)

The POU transcription factor Oct-4 is expressed in totipotent and pluripotent cells of the early mouse embryo and the germ cell lineage. Transactivation capacities of regions flanking the DNA binding domain of Oct-4 were analyzed in undifferentiated and differentiated cell lines. The amino- and carboxy-terminal regions (N domain and C domain) fused to the Gal4 DNA binding domain both functioned as transactivation domains in all cell lines tested. However, the C domain failed to activate transcription in some cell lines in the context of the native protein. The underlying regulatory mechanism appears to involve the POU domain of Oct-4 and can discriminate between different POU domains, since constructs in which the C domain was instead fused to the POU domain of Pit-1 were again equally active in all cell lines. These results indicate that the C domain is subject to cell-type-specific regulation mediated by the Oct-4 POU domain. Phosphopeptide analysis revealed that the cell-type-specific difference of C-domain activity correlates with a difference in Oct-4 phosphorylation status. Since Oct-4 is expressed in a variety of distinct cell types during murine embryogenesis, these results suggest an additional regulatory mechanism for determining Oct-4 function in rapidly changing cell types during development.
Expression of C5aR (CD88) of synoviocytes isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. (2003)

The expression of C5aR in synoviocytes from inflammatory joint diseases and also the induction of TNF alpha release in activated synoviocytes by the interaction of C5a and C5aR suggest that the C5a/C5aR system may play an important role in joint inflammation process.
Entwicklung und Bedeutung der Investmentfonds (1989)

Die historische Entwicklung der Investmentfonds in der Bundesrepublik läßt sich in fünf Abschnitte gliedern.
Kalman tracking based on TDOA for UMTS mobile location (2002)

A potentiality of the location problem in wireless networks that has not been explored enough is the mobility of the user equipment (UE). This paper deals with UMTS mobile location tracking using Kalman filtering based on TDOA (time difference of arrival) measurements. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with the CRB (Cramer Rao bound) for the static location estimator.
ECSA/DPPA2 is an Embryo-Cancer Antigen that Is Coexpressed with Cancer-Testis Antigens in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2008)

The restricted expression in normal tissues, expression in tumors with coexpression of CTAs, and spontaneous immunogenicity indicate that ECSA/DPPA2 is a promising target for antigen-specific immunotherapy in NSCLC.
Silicon@porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres through a bottom-up approach are highly robust lithium-ion battery anodes (2012)

Due to its excellent capacity, around 4000 mA h g−1, silicon has been recognized as one of the most promising lithium-ion battery anodes, especially for future large-scale applications including electrical vehicles and utility power grids. Nevertheless, Si suffers from a short cycle life as well as limitations for scalable electrode fabrication. Herein, we report a novel design for highly robust and scalable Si anodes: Si nanoparticles embedded in porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres (NCSs). The porous nature of NCSs buffers the volume changes of Si nanoparticles and thus resolves critical issues of Si anode operations, such as pulverization, vulnerable contacts between Si and carbon conductors, and an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase. The unique electrode structure exhibits outstanding performance with a gravimetric capacity as high as 1579 mA h g−1 at a C/10 rate based on the mass of both Si and C, a cycle life of 300 cycles with 94% capacity retention, as well as a discharge rate capability of 6 min while retaining a capacity of 702 mA h g−1. Significantly, the coulombic efficiencies of this structure reach 99.99%. The assembled structure suggests a design principle for high capacity alloying electrodes that suffer from volume changes during battery operations.
Age and sex related variations in corpus callosal morphology. (2008)

There is no unanimity in literature on sexual dimorphism or on age related morphophometric changes in the Corpus Callosum (CC). For comprehensive data 44 preserved human brains (22 male and 22 female) and 30 MRI scans from North-west Indian population were studied. Morphometric measurements of the CC and its subregions were taken at the midsagittal level in both the groups and subjected to statistical analysis. The only CC parameters which showed sexual dimorphism were (a) larger CC length in males in the MRI group, (b) the distance between the splenium and superior colliculus was more in males in preserved brains and (c) The distance between the genu and the fornix was more in older males than older females. Age related changes included (a) In males the distance between the genu and the fornix (in both the groups) was more in the older age group while the maximum width of the anterior half of the CC body was more in the younger age group (preserved brains) and (b) In females the height of the CC and the minimum width of the CC were more in the older females (preserved brains). No sexual dimorphism was observed in most of the CC parameters studied, including the splenium. Age related thinning of the anterior half of the CC in males could possibly be related to atrophic brain changes more common in males than females.
Effect of High Dose Inhaled Steroid on Cells, Cytokines, and Proteases in Induced Sputum in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1999)

Inhaled corticosteroids are widely prescribed for the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), despite lack of proven efficacy. Because COPD involves airway inflammation and probable protease-antiprotease imbalance, we examined the effect of high dose fluticasone propionate on markers of activity of both pathogenetic mechanisms. Thirteen patients with COPD were treated with fluticasone propionate (500 microg twice a day) for 4 wk, delivered via MDI and spacer, in a double-blind crossover study. There was no clinical benefit in terms of lung function or symptom scores, and induced sputum inflammatory cells, percentage neutrophils, and IL-8 levels were unchanged. Sputum supernatant elastase activity, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-9, and the antiproteases secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 were similarly unaffected by treatment. These results add to previous evidence that inhaled steroids have no anti-inflammatory action in stable COPD. Furthermore, inhaled steroids do not appear to redress the protease-antiprotease imbalance that is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of airway obstruction.
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Urocortin I Modulate Excitatory Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission (2004)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptides serve as hormones and neuromodulators of the stress response and play a role in affective disorders. These peptides are known to alter complex behaviors and neuronal properties, but their receptor-mediated effects at CNS synapses are not well described. Here we show that excitatory glutamatergic transmission is modulated by two endogenous CRF-related peptide ligands, corticotropin-releasing factor [CRF rat/human (r/h)] and Urocortin I (Ucn I), within the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and the lateral septum mediolateral nucleus (LSMLN). These limbic nuclei are reciprocally innervated, are involved in stress and affective disorders, and have high densities of the CRF receptors CRF1 and CRF2. Activation of these receptors exerts diametrically opposed actions on glutamatergic transmission in these nuclei. In the CeA, CRF(r/h) depressed excitatory glutamatergic transmission through a CRF1-mediated postsynaptic action, whereas Ucn I facilitated synaptic responses through presynaptic and postsynaptic CRF2-mediated mechanisms. Conversely, in the LSMLN, CRF caused a CRF1-mediated facilitation of glutamatergic transmission via postsynaptic mechanisms, whereas Ucn I depressed EPSCs by postsynaptic and presynaptic CRF2-mediated actions. Furthermore, antagonists of these receptors also affected glutamatergic neurotransmission, indicating that endogenous ligands tonically modulated synoptic activity at these synapses. These data show that CRF receptors in CeA and LSMLN synapses exert and maintain a significant synaptic tone and thereby regulate excitatory glutamatergic transmission. The results also suggest that CRF receptors may provide novel targets in affective disorders and stress.
The PHSRN sequence induces extracellular matrix invasion and accelerates wound healing in obese diabetic mice (2000)

The PHSRN sequence of the plasma fibronectin (pFn) cell-binding domain induces human keratinocytes and fibroblasts to invade the naturally serum-free extracellular matrices of sea urchin embryos. The potency of acetylated, amidated PHSRN (Ac-PHSRN-NH(2)) is significantly increased, making it more active on a molar basis than the 120-kDa cell-binding domain of pFn. Arginine is important to this activity because PHSAN and PHSEN are inactive, as is a randomized sequence peptide, Ac-HSPNR-NH(2). One treatment with Ac-PHSRN-NH(2) stimulates reepithelialization and contraction of dermal wounds in healing-impaired, obese diabetic C57BL6/KsJ db/db mice. Wound closure is equally rapid in treated db/db and db/+ mice and may be more rapid than in untreated nondiabetic db/+ littermates. In contrast, treatment with either Ac-HSPNR-NH(2) or normal saline (NS) has no effect. Analysis of sectioned db/db wounds shows that, in contrast to treatment with Ac-HSPNR-NH(2) or NS, a single Ac-PHSRN-NH(2) treatment stimulates keratinocyte and fibroblast migration into wounds, enhances fibroplasia and vascularization in the provisional matrix, and stimulates the formation of prominent fibers that may be associated with wound contraction.
Improved Reliability in Solid-State AC Drives by Means of Multiple Independent Phase Drive Units (1980)

Phase redundancy is a proposed technique for improving the reliability of large solid-state adjustable-frequency ac drives. Based on the more general concept of parallel redundancy, this new technique relies heavily on the inherent capability of a general n-phase ac motor to continue operation with (n -1) or less of its stator phases excited. Motor performance degradation which inevitably accompanies such operation is sensitive to a variety of system parameters including the number of stator phases and the type of excitation source. A thorough evaluation of (n - 1)-phase excitation performance characteristics of an n-phase squirrel-cage induction motor is presented in this paper. Under favorable conditions, a large percentage of the motor's balanced excitation rating can be retained during postfault conditions of steady-state (n -1)-phase excitation. The n-phase-drive units must be conservatively designed to withstand transient stresses associated with fault-induced transitions from balanced n-phase to (n-1)-phase excitation. Key analytical results have been experimentally verified by tests conducted on a 5-hp six-phase squirrel-cage induction motor. Results of this investigation support the basic soundness of the phase-redundancy concept.
Elimination of Fc Receptor-Dependent Effector Functions of a Modified IgG4 Monoclonal Antibody to Human CD4 (2000)

Several CD4 mAbs have entered the clinic for the treatment of autoimmune diseases or transplant rejection. Most of these mAbs caused CD4 cell depletion, and some were murine mAbs which were further hampered by human anti-mouse Ab responses. To obviate these concerns, a primatized CD4 mAb, clenoliximab, was generated by fusing the V domains of a cynomolgus macaque mAb to human constant regions. The heavy chain constant region is a modified IgG4 containing two single residue substitutions designed to ablate residual Fc receptor binding activity and to stabilize heavy chain dimer formation. This study compares and contrasts the in vitro properties of clenoliximab with its matched IgG1 derivative, keliximab, which shares the same variable regions. Both mAbs show potent inhibition of in vitro T cell responses, lack of binding to complement component C1q, and inability to mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity. However, clenoliximab shows markedly reduced binding to Fc receptors and therefore does not mediate Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity or modulation/loss of CD4 from the surface of T cells, except in the presence of rheumatoid factor or activated monocytes. Thus, clenoliximab retains the key immunomodulatory attributes of keliximab without the liability of strong Fcgamma receptor binding. In initial clinical trials, these properties have translated to a reduced incidence of CD4+ T cell depletion.
The effect of severe hypoglycemia upon cerebrospinal fluid formation, ventricular iodide clearance, and brain electrolytes in rabbits (1981)

Severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia in rabbits reduces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation, but not ventricular iodide clearance as measured by ventriculocisternal perfusion. This indicates that CSF production is ultimately glucose-dependent but that ventricular iodide clearance is not. The data suggest that severe hypoglycemia results in intracellular potassium loss within the brain and show that extracellular sodium replaces lost intracellular potassium. Hypoglycemia probably results in cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) reduction which affects membrane Na/K ATPase and the ability of the brain cell to maintain a potassium gradient. Potassium levels in the CSF also rise consequent to hypoglycemia. Homeostatic mechanisms that maintain a constant CSF potassium, therefore, are also affected by hypoglycemia.
Controllable p-n Junction Formation in Monolayer Graphene Using Electrostatic Substrate Engineering (2010)

We investigate electric transport in graphene on SiO2 in the high field limit and report on the formation of p-n junctions. Previously, doping of graphene has been achieved by using multiple electrostatic gates, or charge transfer from adsorbants. Here we demonstrate a novel approach to create p-n junctions by changing the local electrostatic potential in the vicinity of one of the contacts without the use of extra gates. The approach is based on the electronic modification not of the graphene but of the substrate and produces a well-behaved, sharp junction whose position and height can be controlled.
Tiny Tera: a packet switch core (1997)

Describes Tiny Tera: a small, high-bandwidth, single-stage switch. Tiny Tera has 32 ports switching fixed-size packets, each operating at over 10 Gbps (approximately the Sonet OC-192e rate, a telecom standard for system interconnects). The switch distinguishes four classes of traffic and includes efficient support for multicasting. We aim to demonstrate that it is possible to use currently available CMOS technology to build this compact switch with an aggregate bandwidth of approximately 1 terabit per second and a central hub no larger than a can of soda. Such a switch could serve as a core for an ATM switch or an Internet router. Tiny Tera is an input-buffered switch, which makes it the highest bandwidth switch possible given a particular CMOS and memory technology. The switch consists of three logical elements: ports, a central crossbar switch, and a central scheduler. It queues packets at a port on entry and optionally prior to exit. The scheduler, which has a map of each port's queue occupancy, determines the crossbar configuration every packet time slot. Input queueing, parallelism, and tight integration are the keys to such a high-bandwidth switch. Input queueing reduces the memory bandwidth requirements: When a switch queues packets at the input, the buffer memories need run no faster than the line rate. Thus, there is no need for the speedup required in output-queued switches.