gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive viewpoint control and three-dimensional operations (1992)

Techniques are discussed for creating a rendered view into a 3D scene, interactively based on the locations and orientations of the observer’s head and the display surface. Stereoscopic headmounted displays (HMDs) demonstrate a simplified, special case of these techniques, because the eyes and monitors move in unison. A largely overlooked class of interactive displays uses the relative positions between the eyes and monitor as input. These displays can be stereo or monoscopic, fixed or mobile, and the rendering process should incorporate the correct perspective distortion, which depends on the locations of the viewpoint(s) and the display monitor. Three real-time graphics display systems were prototyped and examined: a high-resolution display which corrects the perspective projection based on the location of the observer’s eye; the same display, extended to modify the view as the monitor is tilted and swiveled; and a handheid LCD display which can be freely moved and rotated as it displays a view based on the eye and monitor positions. A simple experiment indicates that tracking the head and providing the appropriate view improves the ability to pick specific 3D locations in space using a 2D display, when compared to a fixed view and a mouse-controlled view.
MeaB Is a Component of the Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase Complex Required for Protection of the Enzyme from Inactivation (2004)

Adenosylcobalamin-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase catalyzes the interconversion of methylmalonyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA. In humans, deficiencies in the mutase lead to methylmalonic aciduria, a rare disease that is fatal in the first year of life. Such inherited deficiencies can result from mutations in the mutase structural gene or from mutations that impair the acquisition of cobalamins. Recently, a human gene of unknown function, MMAA, has been implicated in methylmalonic aciduria (Dobson, C. M., Wai, T., Leclerc, D., Wilson, A., Wu, X., Dore, C., Hudson, T., Rosenblatt, D. S., and Gravel, R. A. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99, 15554-15559). MMAA orthologs are widespread in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. In Methylobacterium extorquens AM1, a mutant defective in the MMAA homolog meaB was unable to grow on C(1) and C(2) compounds because of the inability to convert methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA (Korotkova N., Chistoserdova, L., Kuksa, V., and Lidstrom, M. E. (2002) J. Bacteriol. 184, 1750-1758). Here we demonstrate that this defect is not due to the absence of adenosylcobalamin but due to an inactive form of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. The presence of active mutase in double mutants defective in MeaB and in the synthesis of either R-methylmalonyl-CoA or adenosylcobalamin indicates that MeaB is necessary for protection of mutase from inactivation during catalysis. MeaB and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase from M. extorquens were cloned and purified in their active forms. We demonstrated that MeaB forms a complex with methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and stimulates in vitro mutase activity. These results support the hypothesis that MeaB functions to protect methylmalonyl-CoA mutase from irreversible inactivation.
Angiotensin type 1a receptor signaling-dependent induction of vascular endothelial growth factor in stroma is relevant to tumor-associated angiogenesis and tumor growth (2004)

Angiotensin II is a multi-functional bioactive peptide and recent reports have suggested that angiotensin II is a proangiogenic growth factor. A retrospective cohort study revealed that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors decreased cancer risk, however, the precise mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that endogenous angiotensin II plays a crucial role in tumor-associated angiogenesis. Tumors implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of wild-type mice developed intensive angiogenesis with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induction in tumor stroma. AT1a receptor (AT1a-R), but not AT1b receptor or AT2 receptor was expressed in tumor stroma and systemic administration of an AT1-R antagonist reduced tumor-associated angiogenesis and VEGF expression in tumor stroma. Angiotensin II up-regulates VEGF expression through the pathway including protein kinase C, AP-1 and NF-kappaB in fibroblasts, the major cellular component of tumor stroma. VEGF is a major determinant of tumor-associated angiogenesis in the present model, since angiogenesis was markedly reduced by either a VEGF neutralizing antibody or a VEGF receptor kinase inhibitor. Compared with the wild-type, tumor-associated angiogenesis was reduced in AT1a-R null mice, with reduced expression of VEGF in the stroma, and this reduction in AT1a-R null mice was not inhibited by an AT1-R antagonist. These suggest that host stromal VEGF induction by AT1a-R signaling is a key regulator of tumor-associated angiogenesis and tumor growth. AT1a-R signaling blockade may be a novel and effective therapeutic strategy against cancers.
Glycoprotein Exchange Vectors Based on Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Allow Effective Boosting and Generation of Neutralizing Antibodies to a Primary Isolate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2000)

Live recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSVs) expressing foreign antigens are highly effective vaccine vectors. However, these vectors induce high-titer neutralizing antibody directed at the single VSV glycoprotein (G), and this antibody alone can prevent reinfection and boosting with the same vector. To determine if efficient boosting could be achieved by changing the G protein of the vector, we have developed two new recombinant VSV vectors based on the VSV Indiana serotype but with the G protein gene replaced with G genes from two other VSV serotypes, New Jersey and Chandipura. These G protein exchange vectors grew to titers equivalent to wild-type VSV and induced similar neutralizing titers to themselves but no cross-neutralizing antibodies to the other two serotypes. The effectiveness of these recombinant VSV vectors was illustrated in experiments in which sequential boosting of mice with the three vectors, all encoding the same primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein, gave a fourfold increase in antibody titer to an oligomeric HIV envelope compared with the response in animals receiving the same vector three times. In addition, only the animals boosted with the exchange vectors produced antibodies neutralizing the autologous HIV primary isolate. These VSV envelope exchange vectors have potential as vaccines in immunizations when boosting of immune responses may be essential.
Dynamic Extension−Contraction Motion in Supramolecular Springs (2007)

We have prepared coordination polymers with bent conformations that adopt a helical structure with reversible extension−contraction motions, triggered by temperature. Furthermore, this dynamic conformational change leads to a fluorescence switching between the fluorescent stretched and nonfluorescent compressed states of the supramolecular springs.
Synthesis of benzylaminopyrimidines and their fungicidal activities against wheat brown rust and barley powdery mildew (1998)

Members of a new class of fungicide containing benzylaminopyrimidine as a core structure were synthesized and their fungicidal potencies against wheat brown rust, Puccinia recondita, and barley powdery mildew, Erysiphe graminis, were assessed. Among these fungicides, N-(fluoroalkoxy or fluorophenoxybenzyl)-4-pyrimidinamines showed notable preventive activities. The potency of the new pyrimidines was increased when a difluoromethoxy or tetrafluorophenoxy group was introduced at the 4- or 3-position of the phenyl moiety and a methyl or ethyl group was introduced at the benzyl position. Structure–activity relationships are discussed. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry
Compassionate use of JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib for severe COVID-19: a prospective observational study (2020)

Overwhelming inflammatory reactions contribute to respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19. Ruxolitinib is a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory properties. We report on a prospective, observational study in 34 patients with COVID-19 who received ruxolitinib on a compassionate-use protocol. Patients had severe pulmonary disease defined by pulmonary infiltrates on imaging and an oxygen saturation ≤ 93% in air and/or PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 300 mmHg. Median age was 80.5 years, and 85.3% had ≥ 2 comorbidities. Median exposure time to ruxolitinib was 13 days, median dose intensity was 20 mg/day. Overall survival by day 28 was 94.1%. Cumulative incidence of clinical improvement of ≥2 points in the ordinal scale was 82.4% (95% confidence interval, 71-93). Clinical improvement was not affected by low-flow versus high-flow oxygen support but was less frequent in patients with PaO2/FiO2 < 200 mmHg. The most frequent adverse events were anemia, urinary tract infections, and thrombocytopenia. Improvement of inflammatory cytokine profile and activated lymphocyte subsets was observed at day 14. In this prospective cohort of aged and high-risk comorbidity patients with severe COVID-19, compassionate-use ruxolitinib was safe and was associated with improvement of pulmonary function and discharge home in 85.3%. Controlled clinical trials are necessary to establish efficacy of ruxolitinib in COVID-19.
The major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen receptor on T cells. IV. An antiidiotypic antibody predicts both antigen and I-specificity. (1983)

In order to prove that a monoclonal antibody, KJ1-26.1, reacted with the idiotypic portion of the receptor for antigen plus major histocompatibility complex product (Ag/MHC) on the T cell hybridoma D0-11.10, 397 independent T cell hybridomas prepared from BALB/c T cells primed with ovalbumin were screened by ELISA for reactivity with the antibody. Of these T cell hybridomas one, 7D0-286, and a subclone of this hybridoma, 7D0-286.2, reacted strongly and consistently with KJ1-26.1. Further analysis revealed that KJ1-26.1 blocked the reaction of 7D0-286 with Ag/MHC, and that 7D0-286 had the same fine specificity both for Ag and MHC as D0-11.10. None of 207 other BALB/c T cell hybridomas specific for ovalbumin shared these fine specificity patterns. Thus, reaction with KJ1-26.1 defined the specificity of a T cell hybridoma both for Ag and MHC, suggesting that KJ1-26.1 reacted with the receptors for Ag/MHC on the T cells in question. KJ1-26.1 precipitated an 85-kdalton molecule from 7D0-286.2 that on reduction ran as a diffuse spot of approximately 43 kdaltons. A similar molecule was precipitated from D0-11.10.
Selective coronary angiography using a power injector (1986)

Geoffrey A.Gardiner, Jr.,1Michael F.Meyerovitz,1 Lawrence M.Boxt,1 Donald P.Harrington,1 Richard H.Taus,1Krishna Kandarpa,1 Peter Ganz,2 andAndrew P.Selwyn2Selective coronary angiography playsakeyroleinthediagnosis andtreatment ofpatients withcoronary arterydisease. Imagequalitymaysignificantly affectinterpretationofcoronary angiograms [1-3].Poorqualityexaminations mayresultinincorrect patientmanagement andexposethepatient
Statistical mechanics of multiple scales of neocortical interactions (1995)

INTRODUCTION General philosophy In many complex systems, as spatial-temporal scales of observation are increased, new phenomena arise by virtue of synergistic interactions among smaller-scale entities--perhaps more properly labeled "quasientities"--which serve to explain much observed data in a parsimonious, usually mathematically aesthetic, fashion. For example, in classical thermodynamics of equilibrium systems, it is possible to leap from microscopic molecular scales to macroscopic scales, to use the macroscopic concept of temperature to describe the average kinetic energy of microscopic molecular activity, or to use the macroscopic concept of pressure to describe the average rate of change of momentum per unit area of microscopic molecules bombarding the wall of a cavity. However, many complex systems are in nonequilibrium, being driven by nonlinear and stochastic interactions of many external and internal degrees of freedom. For these systems, classical thermodynamics typically does not apply. For example, the description of weather and ocean patterns, which attempt to include important features such as turbulence, rely on semiphenomenological mesoscopic models, those in agreement with molecular theories but not capable of being rigorously derived from them. Phase transitions in magnetic systems, and many systems similarly modeled, require careful treatment of a continuum of scales near critical points. In general, rather than having a general theory of nonequilibrium nonlinear process, there are several overlapping approaches, typically geared to classes of systems, usually expanding on nonlinear treatments of stochastic systems. Many biological systems give rise to phenomena at overlapping spatial-temporal scales. For example, the coiling of DNA is reasonably approached by blending microscopic molecular-dynamics calculations with mesoscopic diffusion equations to study angular winding. These approaches have been directed to study electroencephalography (EEG), as well as other biological systems. Therefore, it should not be surprising that the complex human brain supports many phenomena arising at different spatial-temporal scales. What is perhaps surprising is that it seems possible to study truly macroscopic neocortical phenomena such as EEG by appealing to a chain of arguments dealing with overlapping microscopic and mesoscopic scales. A series of papers has developed this statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions (SMNI). This approach permits us to find models of EEG whose variables and parameters are reasonably identified with ensembles of synaptic and neuronal interactions. This approach has only recently been made possible by developments in mathematical physics since the late 1970s, in the field of nonlinear nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. The origins of this theory are in quantum and gravitational field theory.
Determination of Properties of Individual Liposomes by Capillary Electrophoresis with Postcolumn Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection (2001)

Individual liposome measurements by capillary electrophoresis with postcolumn laser-induced fluorescence detection facilitated the determination of liposome property distributions, two-dimensional plots, and an improved characterization of a liposomal preparation. This advancement in liposome analysis was feasible by using a high-sensitivity postcolumn laser-induced fluorescence detector wired for millisecond response. For each individual liposome containing fluorescein, peak height and migration time were determined. From these measurements the individual entrapped volumes and electrophoretic mobilities were determined. Distribution analysis of these properties facilitated comparison of various liposome dilutions and indicated that the method is reproducible and unaffected by the density of liposomes (10(7)-10(9) liposomes/mL) in the suspension. Furthermore, liposomes showed entrapped volumes that vary from 0.3 to 13 fL with apparent radius varying from 370 nm to 1.8 microns. Two-dimensional plots of reduced mobility versus kappa R (Debye parameter x liposome radius) revealed that the liposomes resuspended from a dried film of phospholipids are heterogeneous in regard to the surface charge density of individual liposomes. The described method has the potential of becoming a new tool for characterization of commercial liposomal preparations and theoretical studies.
Covalent Linkage of Melamine and Cyanurate Improves the Thermodynamic Stability of Hydrogen‐Bonded Double Rosettes in Polar Solvents (2003)

Abstract This paper describes studies on the synthesis, self‐assembly behavior, and thermodynamic stabilities of eight different calix[4]arene di(melamine‐cyanurate) or di(melamine‐barbiturate) conjugates. The successful synthetic strategy comprises the preparation of amino‐ n ‐alkyl‐functionalized calix[4]arene dimelamines coupled with a carboxyl‐functionalized cyanurate or barbiturate by an amide bond‐forming reaction. 1 H NMR experiments show that three of the eight conjugates form well‐defined double rosette assemblies. DMSO titration experiments illustrate that the covalent linkage between the cyanurate and dimelamine moieties produces a significant increase in the thermodynamic stabilities of these conjugates. The relative stability of the assemblies seems to be primarily governed by the structure of the component connecting the melamine and cyanurate units. The highest stability (χ DMSO = 70%) was observed for the di(melamine‐cyanurate) assembly in which the components are connected through an n ‐heptylamidomethyl linker. Increasing the linker size from n ‐heptylamidomethyl to n ‐decylamidomethyl slightly reduced the thermodynamic stability (Δχ DMSO ≈︁ 10%) of the corresponding double rosette assembly. The thermodynamic stability of the double rosette structure decreases drastically, however, on introduction of substituents at the position α to the methylcarbonyl group. With benzyl substituents (based on D ‐phenylalanine), neither the n ‐heptyl‐ nor the n ‐decylamidomethyl‐linked compounds any longer form the double rosette structure in solution. For the conjugates with a methyl substituent at this position (based on L ‐alanine), only the heptyl‐linked compound still forms the double rosette structure, the χ DMSO value being reduced in this case by 15%. Neither of the di(melamine‐barbiturate) conjugates form double rosette structures at all. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
α‐Synuclein promoter confers susceptibility to Parkinson's disease (2004)

Familial Parkinson's disease (PD) has been linked to missense and genomic multiplication mutations of the alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA). Genetic variability within SNCA has been implicated in idiopathic PD in many populations. We now confirm and extend these findings, within a Belgian sample, using a high-resolution map of genetic markers across the SNCA locus. Our study implicates the SNCA promoter in susceptibility to PD, and more specifically defines a minimum promoter haplotype, spanning approximately 15.3kb of sequence, which is overrepresented in patients. Our findings represent a biomarker for PD and may have implications for patient diagnosis, longitudinal evaluation, and treatment.
Isolation and characterisation of omega-3 fatty acids producing marine microbes (2014)

\n\t\t\t\t\tAs a renewable alternative to fish oil, microbial-derived omega-3-fatty acids can be potential nutritional supplements. This study reported the isolation of novel oleaginous marine microbes from the Victorian marine environment capable of producing omega-3-fatty acids and other bio-actives. Fermentation strategies using low cost substrates improved omega-3-oils production in selected isolates.\n\t\t\t\t
Hypermedia/hypertext and object-oriented databases (1991)

Part 1 Hypertext and its applications: usability considerations in introducing hypertext, J.Nielsen an overview of hyperties, its user interface and data model, C.Plaisant hypertext - dreams and reality, P.Brown EXMAR - automating marketing planning, H.Wilson hypertext and added value, P.Baird. Part 2 Human factors: human factors issues in the design of hypermedia interfaces, A.Dillon teaching with hypermedia - problems and prospects, N.Hammond expertext- hyperizing expert systems and epertizing hypertext, D.Diaper and R.Rada. Part 3 Data models and structures: converting text to hypertext and vice versa, R.Rada and D.Diaper hypermedia for multi-user technical documentation, I.Williams extending software into the future, L.Bottaci and A.Stewart the office document architecture and hypermedia, H.Brown and F.Cole. Part 4 Object oriented databases: structure and scope of object-oriented databases, S.Roberts object-oriented databases - evolution or revolution?, J.Spiers a graphical interface for an object-oriented database, G.Kemp and D.Melvin.
Accelerated homologous recombination and subsequent genome modification in Drosophila (2013)

Gene targeting by 'ends-out' homologous recombination enables the deletion of genomic sequences and concurrent introduction of exogenous DNA with base-pair precision without sequence constraint. In Drosophila, this powerful technique has remained laborious and hence seldom implemented. We describe a targeting vector and protocols that achieve this at high frequency and with very few false positives in Drosophila, either with a two-generation crossing scheme or by direct injection in embryos. The frequency of injection-mediated gene targeting can be further increased with CRISPR-induced double-strand breaks within the region to be deleted, thus making homologous recombination almost as easy as conventional transgenesis. Our targeting vector replaces genomic sequences with a multifunctional fragment comprising an easy-to-select genetic marker, a fluorescent reporter, as well as an attP site, which acts as a landing platform for reintegration vectors. These vectors allow the insertion of a variety of transcription reporters or cDNAs to express tagged or mutant isoforms at endogenous levels. In addition, they pave the way for difficult experiments such as tissue-specific allele switching and functional analysis in post-mitotic or polyploid cells. Therefore, our method retains the advantages of homologous recombination while capitalising on the mutagenic power of CRISPR.
Targeted and Untargeted CD137L Fusion Proteins for the Immunotherapy of Experimental Solid Tumors (2007)

From these studies, it was determined that both targeted and untargeted CD137L fusion proteins showed effective antitumor activity, but that the targeted version was more potent. Therefore, the use of the natural CD137 ligand is a promising approach to the treatment of solid tumors by virtue of its ability to produce physiologic costimulation within the tumor, limiting side effects often seen with agonist antibody therapies.
The AGA1 product is involved in cell surface attachment of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell adhesion glycoprotein a-agglutinin. (1991)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae a and alpha cells express the complementary cell surface glycoproteins a-agglutinin and alpha-agglutinin, respectively, which interact with one another to promote cellular aggregation during mating. Treatment of S. cerevisiae a cells with reducing agents releases the binding subunit of a-agglutinin, which has been purified and characterized; little biochemical information on the overall structure of a-agglutinin is available. To characterise a-agglutinin structure and function, we have used a genetic approach to clone an a-agglutinin structural gene (AGAI). Mutants with a-specific agglutination defects were isolated, the majority of which fell into a single complementation group, called aga1. The aga1 mutants showed wild-type pheromone production and response, efficient mating on solid medium, and a mating defect in liquid medium; these phenotypes are characteristic of agglutinin mutants. The AGA1 gene was cloned by complementation; the gene sequence indicated that it could encode a protein of 725 amino acids with high serine and threonine content, a putative N-terminal signal sequence, and a C-terminal hydrophobic sequence similar to signals for the attachment to glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchors. Active a-agglutinin binding subunit is secreted by aga1 mutants, indicating that AGA1 is involved in cells surface attachment of a-agglutinin. This result suggests that AGA1 encodes a protein with functional similarity to the core subunits of a-agglutinin analogs from other budding yeasts. Unexpectedly, the AGA1 transcript was expressed and induced by pheromone in both a and alpha cells, suggesting that the a-specific expression of active a-agglutinin results only from a-specific regulation of the a-agglutinin binding subunit.