gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Access control systems: From host-centric to network-centric computing (1996)

In this paper, we review the important theoretical models of computer access control systems. Using the IBM Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) operating system as the example, we show how the principles expressed in these models can be implemented. The roots of user authentication and access control on MVS are examined, tracing the convergence of the requirement for controls with the development of appropriate software. The paper also highlights security and auditing features unique to the host-centric computing model and discusses how these existing technologies might be applied to the security problems presented by the newer networking computing models. Finally, we look to the future and suggest the environment that will result when the host-centric computing model for security and access control is interoperated with the networking computing models.
Learning Semantic Scene Models From Observing Activity in Visual Surveillance (2005)

This paper considers the problem of automatically learning an activity-based semantic scene model from a stream of video data. A scene model is proposed that labels regions according to an identifiable activity in each region, such as entry/exit zones, junctions, paths, and stop zones. We present several unsupervised methods that learn these scene elements and present results that show the efficiency of our approach. Finally, we describe how the models can be used to support the interpretation of moving objects in a visual surveillance environment.
Circuits and techniques for high-resolution measurement of on-chip power supply noise (2005)

This paper presents a technique for characterizing the statistical properties and spectrum of power supply noise using only two on-chip low-throughput samplers. The samplers utilize a voltage-controlled oscillator to perform high-resolution analog-to-digital conversion with minimal hardware. The measurement system is implemented in a 0.13-/spl mu/m process along with a high-speed link transceiver. Measured results from this chip validate the accuracy of the measurement system and elucidate several aspects of power supply noise, including its cyclostationary nature.
Selective control of membrane ruffling and actin plaque assembly by the Rho GTPases Rac1 and CDC42 in FcεRI-activated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells (1997)

Engagement of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) in mast cells elicits a series of intracellular signalling events including cytoskeletal reorganization and granule exocytosis. To analyze the coupling of receptor activation to specific cytoskeletal responses, we expressed dominant negative mutant forms of the Rho GTPases CDC42 and Rac1 in rat RBL-2H3 tumor mast cells. We show here that dominant inhibition of CDC42 function decreases cell adhesion, interferes with Fc(epsilon)RI-induced actin plaque assembly and reduced the recruitment of vinculin at the cell-substratum interface, while the inhibitory Rac1 mutant abolishes Fc(epsilon)RI-mediated membrane ruffling. The expression of trans-dominant inhibitory forms of either CDC42 or Rac1 significantly inhibited antigen-induced degranulation. Altogether, our results demonstrate that CDC42 and Rac1 control distinct pathways downstream of FcepsilonRI engagement leading either to the induction of actin plaques, or to the production of membrane ruffles. These two pathways are critically involved during the degranulation response induced by Fc(epsilon)RI aggregation.
syn-Oxidative Polycyclizations of Hydroxypolyenes:  Highly Stereoselective and Potentially Biomimetic Syntheses ofall-trans-Polytetrahydrofurans (1997)

Acylperrhenate reagents promote hydroxyl-directed syn-oxidative polycyclizations of primary and secondary hydroxypolyenes, forming bis- and tristetrahydrofuranyl alcohols with excellent trans-stereoselectivity for each tetrahydrofuran ring. The combination of dichloroacetylperrhenate/dichloroacetic anhydride affords stereoselective syn-oxidative bicyclization to bistetrahydrofuranyl alcohol products, whereas trifluoroacetylperrhenate/trifluoroacetic anhydride or trichloroacetylperrhenate/trichloroacetic anhydride are more suitable for stereoselective formation of tristetrahydrofuranyl alcohols from acyclic hydroxytrienes. In the tricyclization reaction chirality induction from a single stereogenic hydroxyl group affords diastereoselective formation of six additional stereocenters in a single step. However, we have found that the growing polytetrahydrofuran chain can exert chelation effects upon the alkoxyrhenium intermediate, thus diminishing the degree of product diastereoselectivity. These syn-oxidative cyclization synthesis strategies mimic a possible pathway for the biosynthesis of many polycyclic ether natural products, including the tristetrahydrofuran acetogenin goniocin (1).
Cucurbitane Glycosides from Siraitia grosvenorii (2011)

Systematic phytochemical studies of the extract of Luo Han Go (Siraitia grosvenorii) furnished six known cucurbitane glycosides, namely, mogrosides IVa, mogrosides V and VI, isomogroside V, 11-oxomogroside V, and siamenoside I. The structures of all the isolated compounds were characterized on the basis of extensive spectral and chemical studies. Though the partial NMR spectral data has been reported for some of the isolated compounds previously, the complete 1H and 13C NMR spectral assignments of all the isolated compounds are reported herewith for the first time based on COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY spectroscopic data.
GaN–GaN junctions with ultrathin AlN interlayers: Expanding heterojunction design (2002)

The formation of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) was observed at GaN–GaN junctions, when an AlN layer of a thickness greater than or equal to 0.5 nm was inserted, and the GaN cap layer was modulation-doped with silicon. No 2DEG was found for undoped samples. When the AlN interlayer thickness was increased from 0.5 to 1 nm, the electron mobility increased from 720 to 1250 cm2/Vs at 300 K and from 6400 to 12 000 cm2/Vs at 77 K. The electron mobility was also affected by the Si-spike doping concentration with the highest electron mobility of 13 800 cm2/Vs at 77 K measured for a doping of 5×1012 cm−2. The formation of the 2DEG was attributed to the polarization-induced discontinuity in the conduction band caused by the extremely strong polarization fields in the pseudomorphically strained AlN interlayers.
High-dose anabolic androgenic steroids modulate concentrations of nerve growth factor and expression of its low affinity receptor (p75-NGFr) in male rat brain (1997)

The effects of treatment with a high dose of nandrolone or testosterone on nerve growth factor (NGF) levels and NGF low-affinity receptor (p75-NGFr) distribution in the brain were analyzed. Nandrolone, subcutaneously injected in rats for several weeks, caused an increase of NGF levels in the hippocampus and septum and a decrease in the hypothalamus. The number of p75-NGFr-immunoreactive neurons and the p75-NGFr expression levels were reduced in the septum and vertical and horizontal Broca's bands. Testosterone injections caused an increase of NGF levels in the hippocampus, septum, and occipital cortex and induced an upregulation of p75-NGFr in the forebrain NGF target regions. This testosterone effect suggests that nandrolone and testosterone affect brain NGF target cells by a different mechanism(s). Nandrolone may interfere with NGF transport and/or utilization by forebrain neurons, causing an altered p75-NGFr expression and NGF accumulation as a consequence. Since NGF is known to maintain forebrain neurons and to regulate neurobehavioral functions, including memory, learning, and defensive behavior, it is possible to hypothesize that this neurotrophin may play a role in the mechanism of action of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) in the brain and be associated with endocrine and behavioral dysfunctions occurring due to AAS abuse.
Ultralow nonalloyed Ohmic contact resistance to self aligned N-polar GaN high electron mobility transistors by In(Ga)N regrowth (2010)

Ultralow Ohmic contact resistance and a self-aligned device structure are necessary to reduce the effect of parasitic elements and obtain higher ft and fmax in high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). N-polar (0001¯) GaN HEMTs, offer a natural advantage over Ga-polar HEMTs, in terms of contact resistance since the contact is not made through a high band gap material [Al(Ga)N]. In this work, we extend the advantage by making use of polarization induced three-dimensional electron-gas through regrowth of graded InGaN and thin InN cap in the contact regions by plasma (molecular beam epitaxy), to obtain an ultralow Ohmic contact resistance of 27 Ω μm to a GaN 2DEG.
A new hypotensive polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary combination regulates oleic acid accumulation by suppression of stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 gene expression in the SHR model of genetic hypertension. (2004)

International audience
Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Alzheimer Disease (1999)

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a diagnosis of inclusion based on patient history, physical examination, neuropsychological testing, and laboratory studies; however, there is no definitive diagnostic test for AD. Early recognition of AD allows time to plan for the future and to treat patients before marked deterioration occurs. Effective treatment requires monitoring of symptoms, functional impairment, and safety, and the use of multiple treatment modalities including pharmacotherapy, behavioral management, psychotherapies, psychosocial treatments, and support and education for families. Pharmacotherapeutic agents available for AD only provide symptomatic relief. The cholinesterase inhibitors, tacrine and donepezil, are effective in improving cognition, delaying nursing home placement, and improving behavioral complications in some patients. Other cholinesterase inhibitors are in development, as are other cholinomimetic agents such as muscarinic and nicotinic receptor agonists. Symptomatic treatments are available for the psychiatric manifestations of AD. Anti-inflammatories, antioxidants, neurotrophic factors, and other agents are promising new treatments for the future.
Isolation of cDNAs encoding finger proteins and measurement of the corresponding mRNA levels during myeloid terminal differentiation (1988)

The finger motif is a tandemly repeated DNA-binding domain recently identified in the primary structure of several eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. It was first described for Xenopus TFIIIA, a factor required for transcription of 5S ribosomal genes and subsequently identified in regulatory proteins from other eukaryotic organisms including yeast, Drosophila and mammals. In this paper we report the isolation and characterization of two human cDNA clones both encoding for multifingered protein products. Transcriptional studies indicate that the two finger genes are expressed in a variety of human tissues. Moreover, upon in vitro induced terminal differentiation of human HL-60 and THP-1 myeloid cell lines the expression of both genes is drastically reduced. These data provide support for the existence of a human multigene family coding for regulatory finger proteins which are likely involved in the processes of cell differentiation and/or proliferation.
Controlling the Physical Behavior and Biological Performance of Liposome Formulations Through Use of Surface Grafted Poly(ethylene Glycol) (2002)

The presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) at the surface of a liposomal carrier has been clearly shown to extend the circulation lifetime of the vehicle. To this point, the extended circulation lifetime that the polymer affords has been attributed to the reduction or prevention of protein adsorption. However, there is little evidence that the presence of PEG at the surface of a vehicle actually reduces total serum protein binding. In this review we examine all aspects of PEG in order to gain a better understanding of how the polymer fulfills its biological role. The physical and chemical properties of the polymer are explored and compared to properties of other hydrophilic polymers. An evidence based assessment of several in vitro protein binding studies as well as in vivo pharmacokinetics studies involving PEG is included. The ability of PEG to prevent the self-aggregation of liposomes is considered as a possible means by which it extends circulation longevity. Also, a "dysopsonization" phenomenon where PEG actually promotes binding of certain proteins that then mask the vehicle is discussed.
[Effects of recombinant soluble MICA protein on the biologic activities of NK cells]. (2009)

The soluble MICA shedding from tumor cells could be a pathway of cancer immune evasion by down-regulating the biologic activities of NK cells.
RNA Helicase A in the MEF1 Transcription Factor Complex Up-regulates the MDR1 Gene in Multidrug-resistant Cancer Cells (2004)

RNA helicase A (RHA) is a member of the DEAD/H family of RNA helicases and unwinds duplex RNA and DNA. Recent studies have shown that RHA regulates the activity of gene promoters. However, little information is available about the in vivo relevance of RHA in the regulation of natural genes. We previously characterized a nuclear protein (MEF1) that binds to the proximal promoter of the multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) and up-regulates the promoter activity. In the present study, we isolated and identified RHA as a component of the MEF1 complex by using DNA-affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. The antibody against RHA specifically disrupted the complex formation in electrophoretic mobility shift assay, confirming the identity of RHA. Western blotting showed that RHA in drug-resistant cells had a higher molecular weight than that in drug-sensitive cells. Similar results were obtained when FLAG-tagged RHA was overexpressed in these cells. This size difference probably reflects posttranslational modification(s) of RHA in drug-resistant cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that RHA occupies the MDR1 promoter in vivo. Overexpression of RHA enhanced expression of the MDR1 promoter/reporter construct and endogenous P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the MDR1 gene product, and increased drug resistance of drug-resistant cells but not the drug-sensitive counterpart. Introduction of short interfering RNA targeting the RHA gene sequence selectively knocked-down RHA expression and concomitantly reduced P-gp level. Thus, our study demonstrates, for the first time, the involvement of RHA in up-regulation of the MDR1 gene. Interactions of RHA with other protein factors in the MEF1 complex bound to the promoter element may contribute to P-gp overexpression and multidrug resistance phenotype in drug-resistant cancer cells.
Luminescence in epitaxial GaN : Cd (1974)

Investigations on luminescent properties of good-quality GaN single-crystalline epitaxial layers at temperatures in the range 1.6–300 K are reported. The high-energy region (3.27–3.48 eV) at 1.6 K is dominated by different bound exciton transitions. Peaks are observed at 3.469, 3.454, 3.447, 3.400, 3.377, 3.355, and 3.287 eV at 1.6 K in this region; their possible origin is discussed. At higher temperatures (T &amp;gt; 30 K) the free A-exciton emission is also clearly observed, and thus its position EAx=3.475±0.0005 eV at 1.6 K could be established (neglecting polariton effects) together with a value of 6.4±0.4 meV for the binding energy of an exciton to a neutral donor. The energy region 3.0–3.3 eV is dominated by the previously studied donor-acceptor pair spectra, which peak at 3.263±0.003 in all our good-quality samples (undoped and doped). From the assignment of a subsidiary high-energy peak as free-to-bound transitions, a value of 29±6 meV for the donor binding energy is experimentally determined, in good agreement with the theoretical effective mass value. The region below 3.0 eV is in Cd-doped material dominated by a broad band centered at 2.72 eV, unlike previous observations. This band is an envelope composed of several discrete series of emissions observable at low temperatures. The solubility of Cd in GaN appears to be rather low, and high-Ohmic single-crystalline material was not obtained, in contrast to our results from Zn-doping.
Social and Technical Factors Contributing to Successful 3D Animation Authoring by Kids (2006)

Creating 3D animations has traditionally been restricted to adult experts. With the advent of easy-to-use software packages like Alice, we can now imagine animations being created by end users with no formal training in this area. Does this work in practice? Supporting real people in the successful use of complex multimedia authoring environments requires not only quality software, but also a supportive social context. What might such a supportive social context look like? In this paper, we report on a workshop in which seventeen children ages 11-12, working in pairs, were asked to make their own animations using Alice. Students were part of a language arts class studying fables, and were asked to retell a fable of their choice in 3D animation. This assignment proved to be an appropriate size and scope for the time available, skills of the students, and affordances of the software. The students found the assignment motivating, and their teacher was pleased with learning outcomes. We discuss social and technical factors that helped students create successful animated fables.
Construction and propagation of a defective simian virus 40 genome bearing an operator from bacteriophage lambda. (1976)

A 2400 base pair DNA segment containing the leftward operator (OL) of phage lambda was covalently joined in vitro to a fragment of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA harboring the SV40 replication origin. The recombinant molecule was propagated in the presence of helper wild-type SV40 DNA in monkey kidney cells and partially cloned by an infectious center procedure. After propagation in monkey cells and purification, the hybrid DNA could be distinguished from wild-type SV40 DNA by its shortened length (about 80% that of SV40), specific hybridization to denatured lambda DNA immobilized on filters, specific affinity for lambda repressor, and preservation of a large part (about 2300 base pairs) of the lambda immunity region as determined by restriction nuclease cleavage patterns and electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis. These results indicate that defective SV40 replicons can serve as vectors for propagating foreign DNA in mammalian cells.
IFN-gamma receptor deletion prevents autoantibody production and glomerulonephritis in lupus-prone (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. (1998)

(NZB x NZW)F1 female (BW) mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease, characterized by the production of autoantibodies (autoAbs) and glomerulonephritis, which can be delayed by neutralizing IFN-gamma Abs and accelerated by IFN-gamma injections. To define the role of IFN-gamma in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, we established a population of BW mice deficient in IFN-gammaR (BWgammaR[-/-]) by repeated crossing; these mice were compared with BWgammaR(+/+) and +/- littermates. Of the BWgammaR(+/+) and +/- mice, 50% showed immune complex glomerulonephritis with heavy proteinuria at 8 mo of age, while only 10% of the BWgammaR(-/-) mice were affected at 14 mo. The serum concentration of anti-dsDNA and anti-histone Abs was dramatically reduced in BWgammaR(-/-) mice. The role of IFN-gamma in promoting class switch to IgG2a and IgG3 could not fully account for the impaired production of anti-dsDNA in BWgammaR(-/-) animals since, IgM and IgG1 levels were also reduced. There was a high incidence of B cell lymphoma in the BWgammaR(-/-) mice, which might be related to the suppression of autoAb production. Thus, the absence of glomerulonephritis in BWgammaR(-/-) mice is likely due to a dramatic yet unexplained effect of the inactivation of IFN-gamma signaling on autoAb production.
Assembly, Secretion, and Vacuolar Delivery of a Hybrid Immunoglobulin in Plants (2000)

Secretory immunoglobulin (Ig) A is a decameric Ig composed of four alpha-heavy chains, four light chains, a joining (J) chain, and a secretory component (SC). The heavy and light chains form two tetrameric Ig molecules that are joined by the J chain and associate with the SC. Expression of a secretory monoclonal antibody in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) has been described: this molecule (secretory IgA/G [SIgA/G]) was modified by having a hybrid heavy chain sequence consisting of IgG gamma-chain domains linked to constant region domains of an IgA alpha-chain. In tobacco, about 70% of the protein assembles to its final, decameric structure. We show here that SIgA/G assembly and secretion are slow, with only approximately 10% of the newly synthesized molecules being secreted after 24 h and the bulk probably remaining in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, a proportion of SIgA/G is delivered to the vacuole as at least partially assembled molecules by a process that is blocked by the membrane traffic inhibitor brefeldin A. Neither the SC nor the J chain are responsible for vacuolar delivery, because IgA/G tetramers have the same fate. The parent IgG tetrameric molecule, containing wild-type gamma-heavy chains, is instead secreted rapidly and efficiently. This strongly suggests that intracellular retention and vacuolar delivery of IgA/G is due to the alpha-domains present in the hybrid alpha/gamma-heavy chains and indicates that the plant secretory system may partially deliver to the vacuole recombinant proteins expected to be secreted.
Hemodynamic parameters to guide fluid therapy (2010)

The clinical determination of the intravascular volume can be extremely difficult in critically ill and injured patients as well as those undergoing major surgery. This is problematic as fluid loading is considered the first step in the resuscitation of hemodynamically unstable patients. Yet, multiple studies have demonstrated that only about 50% of hemodynamically unstable patients in the ICU and operating room respond to a fluid challenge. Cardiac filling pressures including the central venous pressure and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure have traditionally been used to guide fluid management. However, studies performed over the last 30 years have demonstrated that cardiac filling pressures are unable to predict fluid responsiveness. Over the last decade a number of studies have been reported that have used heart–lung interactions during mechanical ventilation to assess fluid responsiveness. Specifically, the pulse pressure variation derived from analysis of the arterial waveform, the stroke volume variation derived from pulse contour analysis and the variation of the amplitude of the pulse oximeter plethysmographic waveform have been shown to be highly predictive of fluid responsiveness. While the left ventricular end-diastolic area as determined by transesophageal echocardiography is a more accurate measure of preload than either the central venous pressure or pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, it does not predict fluid responsiveness as well as the dynamic indices. This paper reviews the evolution and accuracy of methods for assessing fluid responsiveness in patients in the ICU and operating room.