gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Immune Responses in Gene/Stem Cell Therapies for Muscular Dystrophies (2014)

Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases, caused by mutations in different components of sarcolemma, extracellular matrix, or enzymes. Inflammation and innate or adaptive immune response activation are prominent features of MDs. Various therapies under development are directed toward rescuing the dystrophic muscle damage using gene transfer or cell therapy. Here we discussed current knowledge about involvement of immune system responses to experimental therapies in MDs.
Swine Influenza Vaccination (1985)

Thirty years ago, Miller and Stanton were aware of the controversy that surrounds vaccinations when they stated: "It must be admitted that in the heat of the emotional battle provoked by propaganda for and against prophylactic inoculation, there has been a tendency on the part of the medical profession to turn a blind eye to unfortunate individual complications of procedures which have the indisputable sanction of social value."<sup>1</sup> Several controversial issues have emerged in the aftermath of the National Swine Influenza Immunization Program of 1976.<sup>2-5</sup>One of the most important issues concerns the application and interpretation of biostatistics and epidemiologic data in establishing cause-and-effect relationships. The first aspect of the problem is exemplified by the statements made by Guerrero et al<sup>6</sup>and subsequently repeated by Retailliau et al,<sup>7</sup>as well as by many others in slightly different form as follows: "Unlike the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) for which
Occurrence of Parkinson's syndrome in type 1 Gaucher disease (1996)

Gaucher disease, the most prevalent glycolipid storage disorder, is classically subdivided into types according to the presence or absence of neurological involvement. Type I has hitherto been considered non-neuronopathic. We present six cases and a review of the literature of Parkinsonian symptoms in type I Gaucher disease patients. The hallmark of this atypical Parkinsonian syndrome is a relatively severe clinical course with early appearance of neurological signs in the 4th to 6th decade of life, aggressive progression of the signs and refractoriness to conventional anti-Parkinson therapy. We discuss the implications of these findings in the light of enzyme replacement therapy for Gaucher disease.
Invertible Conditional GANs for image editing (2016)

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have recently demonstrated to successfully approximate complex data distributions. A relevant extension of this model is conditional GANs (cGANs), where the introduction of external information allows to determine specific representations of the generated images. In this work, we evaluate encoders to inverse the mapping of a cGAN, i.e., mapping a real image into a latent space and a conditional representation. This allows, for example, to reconstruct and modify real images of faces conditioning on arbitrary attributes. Additionally, we evaluate the design of cGANs. The combination of an encoder with a cGAN, which we call Invertible cGAN (IcGAN), enables to re-generate real images with deterministic complex modifications.
Role of Fcγ receptors in cancer and infectious disease (1994)

Receptors for the Fc domain of immunoglobulin G (Fc gamma R) provide an interface between specific humoral immunity and the cellular branch of the immune system through their interaction with antibody. Cross-linking Fc gamma R on myeloid cells triggers such diverse functions as clearance of immune complexes, phagocytosis of opsonized pathogens, secretion of reactive oxygen intermediates, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The Fc gamma R play a major role in the removal of antibody-coated infectious agents and are the exclusive trigger molecules for tumor cell killing by human myeloid cells. Studies of Fc gamma R function have been aided by the use of Fc gamma R specific monoclonal antibodies, self-directed target cells, and bispecific antibodies that link target cells or pathogens to specific host cell molecules, including Fc gamma R. These reagents have contributed significantly to our understanding of the role of the different classes of Fc gamma R in mediating protection from various infectious agents and in mediating tumor cell killing. Taken together, these approaches have provided insight into the utility of manipulating Fc gamma R function in the therapy of cancer and infectious disease.
A high-level tool for the design of custom image processing systems (2005)

Real-time image processing is a computational intensive task with applications in various engineering fields. In several image processing applications, a significant amount of computing power is committed to image enhancement operations, basic segmentation and identification of regions of interest for further analysis. Such type of front-end processing can be done efficiently by custom data-flow processors closely coupled to an image sensor. This paper proposes a visual design environment to support the high-level design of custom data-flow processors for real-time image analysis applications. The tool is embedded in Matlab/Simulink, and the system modeling is done using a library of blocks that implement common low-level image processing operations. Functional validation is performed efficiently by the simulation engine of Simulink in a frame by frame basis, using the functions provided by the image processing toolbox in Matlab. The automatic generation of a synthesizable RTL model guarantees a logic implementation of the system that complies to the high-level model validated, under constraints imposed by the user and the target reconfigurable device.
Are We Ready to Move from Operative to Non-Operative/Preventive Treatment of Dental Caries in Clinical Practice? (2004)

This review focuses on the clinical interactions between patients and the dental team, not on caries prevention at a public health level. Many dentists no longer take a narrow surgical view seeking to apply interventive treatment as a one-off event at a certain trigger point of disease severity and the evidence that caries is an initially reversible, chronic disease with a known multi-factorial aetiology is being appreciated more widely. The caries process should be managed over time in an individualized way for each patient. Very few individuals can be considered to be truly 'caries free' when initial lesions as well as more advanced dentine lesions are considered. It is now very clear that, by itself, restorative treatment of the disease does not 'cure' caries. The caries process needs to be managed, in partnership with patients, over the changing challenges of a lifetime. The answer to the question posed in the title should be, in many cases, that we are ready to move to non-operative/preventive care (if we have not done so already). However, this should be for appropriate stages of lesion extent and in patients who respond to advice on recall frequency and preventive behaviours.
The kinetics of activation of normal and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-deficient prothrombins. (1985)

The kinetics of activation of normal and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-deficient prothrombins isolated from cattle maintained for extended periods on the vitamin K antagonist dicoumarol were studied. The catalyst was prothrombinase, comprising isolated Factor Xa, Factor Va, phospholipid vesicles, and calcium ion. The Km and kcat values for prothrombins with 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, and 10 Gla residues were determined both by initial rate analysis and by integrated Michaelis-Menten-Henri analysis. Each of the Gla-deficient prothrombins exhibited kcat values similar to that of normal 10-Gla prothrombin but Km values that were 8- to 20-fold greater than that of the normal molecule. The increased Km coincided with a loss of Ca2+- and phospholipid-binding properties of the Gla-deficient prothrombins. The magnitude of the defect in both the kinetics of activation and Ca2+ and phospholipid binding is not progressive with the loss of Gla residues but rather appears abruptly with the loss of as few as 3 of the 10 Gla residues present in the normal substrate. The theoretical relationship between Km(app) and the dissociation constant (Kd) of the prothrombin-phospholipid interactions was derived. According to the result, the increase in apparent Km observed with the Gla-deficient prothrombins corresponds to at least a 100- to 1000-fold decrease in affinity for phospholipid compared to the affinity of normal prothrombin. In addition, the products of the activation of 10-Gla prothrombin were found to inhibit the activation of the Gla-deficient prothrombins.
[AIDS in the world: revolution, paradigm and solidarity]. (1994)

AIDS in a single decade has affected life and assumptions on the societal and individual level more than any other illness or epidemic in history. The most important aspect of the HIV pandemic is that it is still in an early stage of development. The pandemic will continue to be volatile and dynamic; its greatest impact has not yet been felt. There is still great potential to influence its future course. HIV infection is spreading rapidly in some already affected populations in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean, and is penetrating deeply into new areas such as Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. Thailand and India are symbols of its rapid spread. The more than 100 million new cases of sexually transmitted diseases diagnosed in the world each year demonstrate the potential for sexual transmission of HIV. On the global level, the foundations have been laid for preventing the spread of HIV infection. But in many countries information is still inadequate or incorrect, needed social and health services are nonexistent, and punitive and discriminatory attitudes persist toward the infected. The gap between rich and poor within and between countries is widening. 2/3 of AIDS cases and 3/4 of seropositive individuals are in developing countries. The cost of drugs and treatment implies that "early intervention" is a meaningless concept for developing countries. The developed world contributes $200 million or less to combat AIDS in developing countries. Some of the revolutionary ideas prompted by the advent of AIDS included the immediate attention given to behavior as a preventive measure, the eradication of complacency about the condition of health and social services, the insistence of AIDS patients and the HIV infected on being included in the total process of prevention, treatment, and research, and the unexpected flowering of a dialogue on dignity, human rights, and social justice. AIDS is now leading to a new vision of health promotion in which individual and collective behavior is recognized as the greatest challenge for future health. Solidarity is a central aspect of the emerging perspective on health prompted by AIDS. The disease has revealed the inherent limitations of 2 alternatives to solidarity: coercion and discrimination.
Progressive neurologic dysfunction in a psoriasis patient treated with dimethyl fumarate (2015)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has recently been described in psoriasis or multiple sclerosis patients treated with fumaric acid esters (fumarates), who had developed severe and long-standing lymphocytopenia (<500/mm(3) ). We report a psoriasis patient who presented with progressive neurologic dysfunction and seizures after 2.5 years of fumarate therapy. Despite absolute lymphocyte counts remaining between 500-1000/mm(3) , his CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell counts were markedly low. MRI showed right hemispheric and brainstem lesions and JC virus DNA was undetectable in his cerebrospinal fluid. Brain biopsy revealed typical features of PML as well as JC virus-infected neurons. Clinicians should consider PML in the differential diagnosis of fumarate-treated patients presenting with brain lesions or seizures even in the absence of severe lymphocytopenia.
Protein Kinase Cϵ Regulates γ-Aminobutyrate Type A Receptor Sensitivity to Ethanol and Benzodiazepines through Phosphorylation of γ2 Subunits (2007)

Ethanol enhances gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) signaling in the brain, but its actions are inconsistent at GABA(A) receptors, especially at low concentrations achieved during social drinking. We postulated that the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C (PKCepsilon) regulates the ethanol sensitivity of GABA(A) receptors, as mice lacking PKCepsilon show an increased behavioral response to ethanol. Here we developed an ATP analog-sensitive PKCepsilon mutant to selectively inhibit the catalytic activity of PKCepsilon. We used this mutant and PKCepsilon(-/-) mice to determine that PKCepsilon phosphorylates gamma2 subunits at serine 327 and that reduced phosphorylation of this site enhances the actions of ethanol and benzodiazepines at alpha1beta2gamma2 receptors, which is the most abundant GABA(A) receptor subtype in the brain. Our findings indicate that PKCepsilon phosphorylation of gamma2 regulates the response of GABA(A) receptors to specific allosteric modulators, and, in particular, PKCepsilon inhibition renders these receptors sensitive to low intoxicating concentrations of ethanol.
Wound-healing defects in mice lacking fibrinogen (2001)

In addition to its key role in the control of blood loss following injury, fibrin(ogen) has been proposed to play an important role in tissue repair by providing an initial matrix that can stabilize wound fields and support local cell proliferation and migration. To test directly these concepts, the effect of fibrinogen deficiency on cutaneous tissue repair in mice was investigated using incisional and excisional wounds. The time required to overtly heal wounds was similar in fibrinogen-deficient and control mice, but histologic evaluation revealed distinct differences in the repair process, including an altered pattern of epithelial cell migration and increased epithelial hyperplasia. Furthermore, granulation tissue in fibrinogen-deficient mice failed to adequately close the wound gap, resulting in persistent open wounds or partially covered sinus tracts. The tensile strength of these wounds was also reduced compared with control mice. The most profound defect in wound tissue organization was observed in fibrinogen-deficient mice following the subcutaneous implantation of a porous tubing chamber. Cells migrated into the wall of the implants at a similar rate as control mice, but cells from fibrinogen-deficient animals were unable to efficiently organize and migrate into wound fluid-filled dead space within the center of the implants. These studies show that re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, including the establishment of neovasculature, and the formation of fibrotic scar tissue can proceed in the absence of fibrin(ogen) and all of its proteolytic derivatives. However, fibrin (ogen) is important for appropriate cellular migration and organization within wound fields and in initially establishing wound strength and stability. (Blood. 2001;97:3691-3698)
Advanced gate dielectric materials for sub-100 nm CMOS (2003)

Properties of lanthanide oxides for gate insulators are studied with comparison to ZrO/sub 2/ and HfO/sub 2/. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was used for the deposition of the 'amorphous' high-k films on n-type [100] Si substrates. The deposited films were annealed in N/sub 2/ or O/sub 2/ ambient at different temperatures and Al electrodes were deposited to fabricate MIS capacitors. Our La/sub 2/O/sub 3/ results showed excellent characteristics such as J = 5.5/spl times/10/sup -4/ cm/sup -2/ @ EOT = 0.61 nm.
Laboratory Methods in Immunology (1990)

This two-volume reference details immunological techniques for biologists of all disciplines. Volume I includes a detailed discussion of the tissue culture laboratory. It addresses what the lab needs to be, and the general housekeeping procedures involved in tissue culture. Presented next are chapters on specific aspects of tissue culture and hybridoma technology. The book includes a review of bioassays for interleukins, and a series of papers on lymphokines and functional assays in vitro. The section on molecular genetic studies begins with consideration of the choice of strategies for cloning the genes of cell surface molecules. It continues with papers on aspects of molecular biological techniques most closely related to immunology. The final section covers immunochemical techniques. Volume II reviews techniques used with small laboratory animals. It includes papers on specialized procedures with animals. Technical aspects are emphasized through a detailed analysis of effects of ultraviolet light on the immune system. Covered also is antigen detection in cells and tissue. The book addresses the important areas of protein purification using monoclonal antibodies.These two volumes are of great importance to those who use immunological techniques, whether they are immunologists or trained in other disciplines. The book is intended for those in animal science, veterinary science, genetics and cell biology, bacteriology, immunology, pathology, biochemistry, laboratory medicine, and hematology.
19. Cyto-active amino-acids and peptides. Part V. Derivatives of p-amino- and p-mercapto-phenylalanine (1959)

F. Bergel and J. A. Stock, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 90 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590000090
Molecular analysis of lcrGVH, the V antigen operon of Yersinia pestis (1989)

The lcrGVH operon of plasmid pCD1 in Yersinia pestis KIM encodes the virulence-associated V antigen, the regulatory protein LcrH, and LcrG, a protein of undefined function. In this study we sequenced lcrGVH and analyzed it for transcription initiation sites. There were three open reading frames within the sequence, 288, 981, and 507 bases in length, which could encode proteins with molecular weights and isoelectric points corresponding to those of LcrG, LcrV (V antigen), and LcrH, respectively. The predicted LcrV protein lacked an N-terminal signal sequence; however, an internal signallike sequence was present. An Escherichia coli-like promoter consensus sequence was detected upstream from lcrG. Primer extension analysis showed that (i) the transcriptional start site for lcrGVH was spaced only three bases upstream from the nearest ATG potential start site, raising the possibility that Y. pestis may use an alternate initiation codon for the V operon; (ii) there was much more primer-extended product in yersiniae grown in the absence of Ca2+ than in its presence, showing for the first time that lcrGVH is regulated at the transcriptional level by Ca2+; (iii) no separate lcrV initiation was detected, indicating that the V antigen is expressed from messages initiating at lcrG; and (iv) a non-Ca2+-regulated transcriptional start site was found upstream from lcrH, suggesting that the LcrH protein is expressed constitutively. However, two-dimensional gel analysis showed that net LcrH expression was regulated by Ca2+. We propose that lcrH lies within two differentially regulated operons, its own and lcrGVH.
The gluconate operon gnt of Bacillus subtilis encodes its own transcriptional negative regulator. (1987)

The gluconate (gnt) operon of Bacillus subtilis consists of four gnt genes; the second and third genes code for gluconate kinase (gluconokinase, EC 2.7.1.12) and gluconate permease, respectively. A fragment carrying the promoter of this operon (gnt promoter) and the first gene (gntR) was subcloned into a promoter probe vector (pPL603B). Repression of the expression of cat-86 gene, encoded in the vector portion of a constructed plasmid (pgnt21), that is under the control of the gnt promoter was removed by gluconate. The results of deletion analysis and of insertional inactivation of the gntR gene cloned in pgnt21 suggested that the product of the gntR gene, actually synthesized as a 29-kDa protein in vivo, is involved in repression of the gnt promoter. A 4-base-pair insertional mutation within the gntR gene constructed in vitro was introduced into the B. subtilis chromosomal gnt operon by use of linkage of the 4 base pairs to gntK10 in transformation. The introduced mutation gntR1 caused the constitutive expression of the gluconate kinase and gluconate permease genes. S1 nuclease analysis indicated that the mRNA of this operon is synthesized in the gntR1 strain and amounts of mRNA are not changed very much by gluconate, which acts as an inducer in the wild-type gene. These results strongly indicate that the gntR gene codes for a transcriptional negative regulator for the gnt operon.
Electric water heater modeling and control strategies for demand response (2012)

Demand response (DR) has a great potential to provide balancing services at normal operating conditions and emergency support when a power system is subject to large disturbances. Effective DR control strategies can help relieve balancing and frequency response burdens on conventional generators in addition to reducing generation and transmission investments needed to meet peak demands. This paper discusses modeling residential electric water heaters (EWH) in households and tests their responses with various control strategies implementing DR. The open-loop response of EWH to a centralized control signal is studied by adjusting temperature settings to provide balancing services; and two types of decentralized controllers are tested to provide frequency support following generator trips. EWH models are included in a simulation platform capable of performing electromechanical simulations, which contains 147 households in a distribution feeder. Simulation results show the effectiveness of EWH responses and its dependence on hot water usage. These results provide insight and suggest the need for control strategies to achieve better performance in demand response implementations.
Bioartificial materials based on blends of collagen and poly(acrylic acid) (1999)

The interactions between soluble collagen (C) from calf skin and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were studied. Mixing aqueous solutions of collagen and PAA, at various pH values (2.5–4), leads to the formation of complexes that precipitate in the form of insoluble aggregates. The effects of mixture composition, pH, and ionic strength on C/PAA complex formation were investigated by gravimetric, turbidimetric, and conductometric analysis. The experimental results indicate that the complexes form through electrostatic interactions. Homogeneous solid films with variable C/PAA ratios were obtained by casting from solutions in which the pH was adjusted just over the isoelectric point of collagen, thus avoiding the attractive ionic interactions responsible for the complexation of collagen and PAA molecules. A relevant result obtained is related to the possibility of restoring the ionic interactions between the two polymers inside the solid films. Mixture composition and pH appear to influence the thermal properties of both complexes and films. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 971–976, 1999
Carotid-Body Removal in Asthma (1965)

Asthma is often an intractable and disabling disease; yet, by definition it can be relieved either spontaneously or therapeutically. Unfortunately, available therapeutic procedures have not always been successful in reversing the disease, and a continuous series of new treatments has been proposed. A surgical treatment for asthma, removal of the carotid body or glomus, was described by Nakayama in 1961.<sup>1</sup>In his study of 4,000 patients with asthma, approximately 80% were cured or improved six months after surgery and 58% allegedly maintained good results after five years. Overholt reported that slightly over half of 71 patients who had carotid glomectomies were improved.<sup>2</sup> Because asthma is a chronic disease with undulations in severity which are influenced by environmental and emotional factors as well as medical and surgical therapy, it is difficult to isolate the effect of one particular form of treatment unless adequate controls are used. This study was