gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of AlxGa1−xN films prepared by reactive molecular beam epitaxy (1982)

Single-crystal films of the solid solution AlxGa1−xN of the entire composition range have been fabricated on sapphire and silicon substrates by reactive molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at 700 °C. The properties of the films have been studied by the reflection high energy electron diffraction technique, x-ray diffraction, and electrical and optical measurements. The lattice constant of the film is not a linear function of the composition, and the fundamental absorption edge also shows nonlinear dependence on the composition. The narrow intense peak of the cathodoluminescence concerned with the band to band or shallow impurity band transition, varies from 3.4 to 6 eV with the composition, which suggests the feasibility of AlxGa1−xN films grown by reactive MBE for optical devices in the ultraviolet spectral region.
In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin. (1995)

The microbial product wortmannin has previously been shown to be a potent inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. In view of the potential role of this enzyme in transduction of mitogenic signals, we determined the cytotoxic activity of wortmannin against several human tumor cell lines in vitro. The most sensitive lines included GC3 colon carcinoma, IGROV1 ovarian carcinoma, and CCRF-CEM leukemia (IC-50s ranging from 0.7-2.1 microM). The cytotoxicity of wortmannin was decreased approximately 10-fold by serum-free conditions. Wortmannin was generally less active in low passage human breast cancer cell lines that overexpress either epidermal growth factor receptor or Her2/neu. Wortmannin was also tested for in vivo antitumor activity against seven murine tumor and ten human tumor xenograft models. Activity (> 60% inhibition of tumor growth) was observed in only the C3H mammary carcinoma and the human BxPC-3 pancreatic carcinoma xenograft. In vivo antitumor activity did not correlate with in vitro sensitivity to wortmannin cytotoxicity.
Inhibition of rat corneal angiogenesis by a nuclease-resistant RNA aptamer specific for angiopoietin-2 (2003)

Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) appears to be a naturally occurring antagonist of the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2, an important regulator of vascular stability. Destabilization of the endothelium by Ang2 is believed to potentiate the actions of proangiogenic growth factors. To investigate the specific role of Ang2 in the adult vasculature, we generated a nuclease-resistant RNA aptamer that binds and inhibits Ang2 but not the related Tie2 agonist, angiopoietin-1. Local delivery of this aptamer but not a partially scrambled mutant aptamer inhibited basic fibroblast growth factor-mediated neovascularization in the rat corneal micropocket angiogenesis assay. These in vivo data directly demonstrate that a specific inhibitor of Ang2 can act as an antiangiogenic agent.
Myelin antigen-coupled splenocytes suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats through a partially reversible anergy mechanism (1995)

Mechanisms of adult tolerance induced by injecting myelin Ag/ECDI (ethyl carbodiimide)-coupled splenocytes (Ag-SPL) were evaluated in Lewis rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Rats could be tolerized against the major encephalitogenic epitope of guinea pig basic protein (Gp-BP), residues 72-89, using either S72-89-SPL or crude spinal cord homogenate (SCH)-SPL. In contrast to lymph node responses that were not affected significantly, the proliferation responses of blood T cells were markedly inhibited at the peak of EAE and during the recovery period to both Gp-BP and S72-89, but not to purified protein derivative (PPD), demonstrating Ag-specific tolerance. Tolerance induction reduced the number of infiltrating spinal cord (SC) cells, especially recruited CD45RC+ cells, as well as SC proliferation responses to S72-89 throughout the course of EAE. In contrast, SC response to PPD was increased at onset of EAE, but later during recovery the PPD response was also decreased compared with control rats. Tolerance induced by S72-89-SPL in blood and SC T cells could be reversed by incubation in IL-2, in accordance with an anergy model. BP-specific T cells preincubated in vitro with Gp-BP-SPL were rendered unresponsive to Gp-BP or S72-89, compared with the same T cells preincubated with histone (Hist)-SPL that remained Ag responsive. Consistent with an anergy model, preincubation with BP-SPL+IL-2 partially prevented tolerance induction to BP. T cells tolerized in vitro to BP-SPL induced milder EAE with delayed onset compared with control-tolerized T cells that produced lethal disease. These results demonstrate the efficacy of myelin Ag-coupled SPL in preventing EAE by selective tolerization of encephalitogenic T cells through a partially reversible anergy-induction mechanism.
Interactions between chitosan and glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid): physicochemical and biological studies. (2000)

Chitosan is a polysaccharide well known for its numerous and interesting biological properties, indeed, it is a biocompatible, bioresorbable and bioactive biopolymer. It is therefore often introduced in the human body, where it happens to be in contact with glycosaminoglycans (GAG's), especially chondroitin sulfates and hyaluronic acid which play important part in living media. Thus it seems interesting to consider systems associating chitosan and GAG's. The aim of our work is to study the mechanism of formation of biomaterials constituted of chitosan and GAG's which could have interesting biological properties such as improving the wound-healing acceleration and the cellular assistance for skin and cartilage recovery. In the same time, it was interesting to try to understand what can happen when chitosan is introduced in a natural surrounding containing GAG's. In a first part, the complexes between chitosan and GAG's were characterised by various physicochemical techniques: pH-metry, conductometry and Infra-red spectrometry. They appeared to be polyelectrolyte complexes obtained by the formation of polyanion-polycation interactions held between ammonium functions of chitosan and carboxylate and/or sulfate groups of GAG's. The complexes formed are very strong and can, in some cases, even conduct to the deprotonation of carboxylic functions. In a second part we considered the biological properties of the complexes previously obtained. The hydrolysis activity in presence of specific enzymes was investigated. We also studied the cytocompatibility of chitosan alone and its complexes with the two considered GAG's toward two kinds of cells (chondrocytes and keratinocytes). At the end of the work, a short animal experimentation on rats was performed allowing the comparison between in vitro and in vivo results.
Minimal Functional β-Cell Mass in Intraportal Implants That Reduces Glycemic Variability in Type 1 Diabetic Recipients (2013)

Glucose clamping assesses the degree of restoration in FBM achieved by islet cell implants. Values >37% of normal control subjects appear needed to reduce glycemic variability in type 1 diabetic recipients. Further studies should examine whether the test can help guide decisions on additional islet cell transplants and on adjusting or stopping immunotherapy.
Discontinuation of Secondary Prophylaxis againstPneumocystis cariniiPneumonia in Patients with HIV Infection Who Have a Response to Antiretroviral Therapy (2001)

It is safe to discontinue secondary prophylaxis against P. carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection who have an immunologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Conversion of Pyruvic Acid Fermentation to Tryptophan Production by the Combination of Pyruvic Acid-producing Microorganisms andEnterobacter aerogenesHaving High Tryptophanase Activity (1984)

Conditions for tryptophan synthesis from pyruvic acid, indole and NH4Cl by Enterobacter aerogenes AHU 1540 having a high tryptophanase activity, were investigated using a reaction mixture containing 1.7% of pyruvic acid. Under optimum conditions, 16.4g/liter of tryptophan was accumulated after 24 hr of incubation. Agaricus campestris AHU 9382 produced pyruvic acid in amounts of 22 ~ 26.5 g/liter from 5% of glucose after 3-days shaking culture. When E. aerogenes was added to this fermentation broth together with indole and NH4Cl, pyruvic acid produced was rapidly converted to tryptophan and yields of tryptophan as high as 15 g/liter were obtained after 12 hr of incubation. Furthermore, pyruvic acid fermentation by Saccharomyces exiguus AHU 3110 or Corynebacterium sp. 37-3A could also be used as a pyruvic acid source for subsequent tryptophan production.
Enantioselective aldol condensations. 2. Erythro-selective chiral aldol condensations via boron enolates (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective aldol condensations. 2. Erythro-selective chiral aldol condensations via boron enolatesD. A. Evans, J. Bartroli, and T. L. ShihCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 8, 2127–2129Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00398a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00398a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views17900Altmetric-Citations1319LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial of testosterone gel treatment versus vehicle control on the facial hair of young men with beta‐thalassemia major (2007)

The 2.5% testosterone gel was effective and well tolerated in inducing the transformation of the terminal hairs of the beard area of thalassemic males.
Immobilized biomolecules in analysis : a practical approach (1998)

Silane-modified surfaces for biomaterial immobilization avidin-biotin immobilization systems antibodies as immobilization reagents bioanalytical applications of self-assembled monolayers protein adsorption: friend or foe? micropatterning cell adhesiveness sol-gel matrices for protein entrapment immobilization of smart polymer-protein conjugates kinetic analysis of the interaction between an analyte in solution and an immobilized protein spectroscopic characterization of immobilized proteins immobilization using electrogenerated polymers.
Detection of Ehrlichia platys in dogs in Australia (2001)

This study reports for the first time Ehrlichia carriage by dogs in Australia. It also indicates the usefulness of the PCR technique in rapidly and accurately identifying diseases that are otherwise difficult to detect. By using universal primers directed against bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA and sequencing analysis, the detection of potentially pathogenic Ehrlichia organisms that had not previously been found in Australia has been made possible.
Low-density parity check codes over GF(q) (1998)

Gallager's (1962) low-density binary parity check codes have been shown to have near-Shannon limit performance when decoded using a probabilistic decoding algorithm. We report the empirical results of error-correction using the analogous codes over GF(q) for q>2, with binary symmetric channels and binary Gaussian channels. We find a significant improvement over the performance of the binary codes, including a rate 1/4 code with bit error probability <10/sup -5/ at E/sub b//N/sub 0/=0.2 dB.
Essential role of PI3-kinase and phospholipase A2 in Dictyostelium discoideum chemotaxis (2007)

Chemotaxis toward different cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations was tested in Dictyostelium discoideum cell lines with deletion of specific genes together with drugs to inhibit one or all combinations of the second-messenger systems PI3-kinase, phospholipase C (PLC), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and cytosolic Ca(2+). The results show that inhibition of either PI3-kinase or PLA2 inhibits chemotaxis in shallow cAMP gradients, whereas both enzymes must be inhibited to prevent chemotaxis in steep cAMP gradients, suggesting that PI3-kinase and PLA2 are two redundant mediators of chemotaxis. Mutant cells lacking PLC activity have normal chemotaxis; however, additional inhibition of PLA2 completely blocks chemotaxis, whereas inhibition of PI3-kinase has no effect, suggesting that all chemotaxis in plc-null cells is mediated by PLA2. Cells with deletion of the IP(3) receptor have the opposite phenotype: chemotaxis is completely dependent on PI3-kinase and insensitive to PLA2 inhibitors. This suggest that PI3-kinase-mediated chemotaxis is regulated by PLC, probably through controlling PIP(2) levels and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) activity, whereas chemotaxis mediated by PLA2 appears to be controlled by intracellular Ca(2+).
Serum DNase I, soluble Fas/FasL levels and cell surface Fas expression in patients with SLE: a possible explanation for the lack of efficacy of hrDNase I treatment (2009)

The objectives of the study are to evaluate DNase I serum levels and their correlation with soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) and with cell surface Fas expression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), thus contributing to the dysregulated apoptosis typical of the disease. The methods include the following: Serum DNase I levels in patients and in controls were detected using the dot blot method and quantified by densitometry; sFas and sFasL were quantified using an ELISA system. Cell surface Fas expression was evaluated by FACS analysis. Apoptosis was studied by means of internucleosomal DNA degradation using a commercially available kit. The results are as follows: We found a significant difference in DNase I, sFas and sFasL serum levels between patients and controls. Levels of DNase I <7.79 ng ml(-1) are more represented in patients with SLE. Active SLE is strongly associated with high sFas levels and detectable sFasL. DNase I does not correlate with sFas or sFasL, whereas it correlates with T cell surface Fas expression that is higher in patients with active SLE than in healthy controls. Finally, administration of exogenous human recombinant DNase (hrDNase) I to freshly isolated T cells up-regulates cell surface Fas expression and induces increased susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, our findings confirm that DNase I is low in SLE and suggest that it may play a role in apoptosis in SLE by regulating the surface expression of the cell death molecule Fas. This role may contribute to explain the inefficacy of hrDNase I in SLE, a treatment proposed for the ability of DNase I to remove DNA from auto-antigenic nucleoprotein complexes.
Ultra-Sharpening of Diamond Stylus by 500 eV O+/O2 + Ion Beam Machining without Facet and Ripple Formation (2012)

The price of single point diamond tools with a sharp tip is very high due to complex machining process and highly expensive machining equipments. Yet, the performance is not quite satisfactory. In this paper, we have presented a very simple and cost effective machining process for the sharpening and polishing of diamond stylus using low energy reactive ion beam machining (RIBM). In our method, machining of the stylus was done by 500 eV O+/O2 + ion beam at an off-normal ion incidence angle under rotating condition. Mechanically coarse-finished styli of two different size and shape were used as the specimen- stylus of apex angle 90° with the radius of curvature 5μm and stylus of apex angle 60° with the radius of curvature 2μm. In both cases, the stylus was sharpened down to an apex angle of around 55° with the radius of curvature ≤100 nm. The tilt angle of the specimen for shrapening was predicted from simulation. The surface of the processed stylus was completely smooth and ripple-free and the surface defects on the pristine stylus were also eliminated by the proposed machining method. Due to low energy RIBM, the irradiation damage on the diamond crystalline structure was minimal.
Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Clones Encoding Antigens Responsible for Peanut Hypersensitivity (1995)

Peanut allergy is a significant health problem because of the frequency, the potential severity, and the chronicity of the allergic sensitivity. Serum IgE from patients with documented peanut hypersensitivity reactions and a peanut cDNA expression library were used to identify clones that encode peanut allergens. One of the major peanut allergens, Ara h I, was selected from these clones using Ara h I-specific oligonucleotides and polymerase chain reaction technology. The Ara h I clone identified a 2.3-kb mRNA species on a Northern blot containing peanut poly A+RNA. DNA sequence analysis of the cloned inserts revealed that the Ara h I allergen has significant homology with the vicilin seed storage protein family found in most higher plants. The isolation of the Ara h I clones allowed the synthesis of this protein in Escherichia coli cells and subsequent recognition of this recombinant protein in immunoblot analysis using serum IgE from patients with peanut hypersensitivity. With the production of the recombinant peanut protein it will now be possible to address the pathophysiologic and immunologic mechanisms regarding peanut hypersensitivity reactions specifically and food hypersensitivity in general.
Heuristics for Area Minimization in LUT-Based FPGA Technology Mapping (2006)

In this paper, an iterative technology-mapping tool called IMap is presented. It supports depth-oriented (area is a secondary objective), area-oriented (depth is a secondary objective), and duplication-free mapping modes. The edge-delay model (as opposed to the more commonly used unit-delay model) is used throughout. Two new heuristics are used to obtain area reductions over previously published methods. The first heuristic predicts the effects of various mapping decisions on the area of the final solution, and the second heuristic bounds the depth of the mapping solution at each node. In depth-oriented mode, when targeting five lookup tables (LUTs), IMap obtains depth optimal solutions that are 44.4%, 19.4%, and 5% smaller than those produced by FlowMap, CutMap, and DAOMap, respectively. Targeting the same LUT size in area-oriented mode, IMap obtains solutions that are 17.5% and 9.4% smaller than those produced by duplication-free mapping and ZMap, respectively. IMap is also shown to be highly efficient. Runtime improvements of between 2.3times and 82times are obtained over existing algorithms when targeting five LUTs. Area and runtime results comparing IMap to the other mappers when targeting four and six LUTs are also presented
Carbohydrates as green raw materials for the chemical industry (2004)

In view of the impending transition of chemical industry from depleting fossil raw materials to renewable feedstocks − the end of cheap oil is predicted for 2040 at the latest − this account gives an overview on chemically transforming low-molecular weight carbohydrates into products with versatile industrial application profiles and the potential to replace those presently derived from petrochemical sources.
Polymorphism of the human C3b/C4b receptor. Identification of a third allele and analysis of receptor phenotypes in families and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (1984)

We have isolated C3bR from surface-labeled erythrocytes of 180 normal individuals and 45 patients with SLE. These studies have identified a previously unrecognized C3bR molecule on E with a Mr of approximately 160,000 daltons on nonreduced SDS-polyacrylamide gels. A similar receptor phenotype is also found on other C3bR-bearing peripheral blood leukocytes. Family studies demonstrate that this approximately 160,000-dalton molecule represents a third allele that is inherited in a codominant fashion at the same locus as the two previously described C3bR alleles. In unrelated normal donors a common allele (A) determines an approximately 190,000-dalton C3bR (gene frequency 0.83), a second allele (B) determines an approximately 220,000-dalton C3bR (gene frequency = 0.16), and a third rare allele (C) determines an approximately 160,000-dalton C3bR (gene frequency = 0.01). There were no major differences in gene frequencies among Caucasians and blacks or normal individuals and patients with SLE. However, compared with normal individuals, heterozygous C3bR-AC patients with SLE express large amounts of the approximately 160,000-dalton C3bR on E. Expression of C3bR molecules among heterozygous siblings is similar, suggesting that an inherited factor controls expression of the two molecules in heterozygous donors. These observations constitute an instructive example of a structural polymorphism of an integral membrane glycoprotein and provide a structural and genetic basis for further molecular and functional analyses of C3bR in normal and patient populations.
A new sub-pixel detector for grid target points in camera calibration (2006)

Sub-pixel detection of target points is an important task in camera calibration. Grid target points are widely used in camera calibration for their junctions can be easily detected. Traditional method detects the sub-pixel position of grid-point by calculating the intersection of two beelines fitted by centers of grid-lines. Generally, this method yields low precision because of the effect of projective distortion of camera lens. In this paper, we propose a new sub-pixel detector for grid target points. We firstly use a new shape operator based on Hessian matrix to detect the pixel position of grid-point. Then the intensity of sub-pixel points in the neighborhood of grid point is calculated by cubic interpolation. A minimum restriction for searching grid-point is deduced by the fact that the grid-point to be detected is just the extremal point of local intensity profile. According to this restriction, the sub-pixel position of grid-point is finally determined by a graded morphological shrinking operation. Computer simulation results indicate that our new algorithm is more accurate and robust than the traditional algorithm.
Visualization and Identification of IL-7 Producing Cells in Reporter Mice (2009)

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is required for lymphocyte development and homeostasis although the actual sites of IL-7 production have never been clearly identified. We produced a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse expressing ECFP in the Il7 locus. The construct lacked a signal peptide and ECFP (enhanced cyan fluorescent protein) accumulated inside IL-7-producing stromal cells in thoracic thymus, cervical thymus and bone marrow. In thymus, an extensive reticular network of IL-7-containing processes extended from cortical and medullary epithelial cells, closely contacting thymocytes. Central memory CD8 T cells, which require IL-7 and home to bone marrow, physically associated with IL-7-producing cells as we demonstrate by intravital imaging.