gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positive and negative regulation of sequences upstream of the form II cbb CO2 fixation operon of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (1994)

The unlinked form I and form II Calvin cycle CO2 fixation (cbb) operons of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides are located on different genetic elements, yet both operons are positively regulated by the transcription activator protein CbbR, the product of the cbbR gene located immediately upstream of the form I operon. By employing deletion mutagenesis, and a newly constructed promoter probe vector, the form II operon promoter (cbbFIIp) and three other promoters (Up, Vp, and Wp) were localized within 2.1 kb upstream of the form II operon. Mutations in both cbbR and the first gene of the form I operon (cbbFI) elicited both positive and negative responses when transcriptional fusions controlled by these four promoters were examined. With the exception of Wp, all these upstream promoters were repressed by oxygen. In addition, these promoters were associated with open reading frames of unknown function whose deduced amino acid sequences showed no significant relationship to proteins in current databases. The results of these experiments suggest that the promoter sequences and genes upstream of the form II cbb operon may be intimately involved with control of the cbb regulon of this photosynthetic organism.
Inability of insulin to maintain normal nerve function during high‐frequency stimulation in diabetic rat tail nerves (1994)

The effect of insulin on the response to long-term high-frequency stimulation (HFS = 143 Hz for 20 min) was studied in mixed tail nerves of acute streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In consecutive tests, untreated diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and peak-to-peak amplitude (P-Pamp) and the depression of the P-Pamp during HFS was augmented. In contrast, NCV and P-Pamp in the insulin-treated rats were unchanged from the prediabetic state, but the depression of the P-Pamp during HFS reached the same degree as in untreated rats. This implies that although insulin treatment of acute experimental diabetes is able to preserve a normal NCV and P-Pamp in the resting state, it is unable to preserve normal nerve function under stress produced by HFS. Monitoring of the axon membrane functional capacity may have clinical implications in the control of peripheral neuropathies.
The HER-2/neu receptor tyrosine kinase gene encodes a secreted autoinhibitor (1999)

HER-2/neu (erbB-2) encodes an 185-kDa orphan receptor tyrosine kinase that is constitutively active as a dimer and displays potent oncogenic activity when overexpressed. Here we describe a secreted protein of approximately 68 kDa, designated herstatin, as the product of an alternative HER-2 transcript that retains intron 8. This alternative transcript specifies 340 residues identical to subdomains I and II from the extracellular domain of p185HER-2 followed by a unique C-terminal sequence of 79 aa encoded by intron 8. The recombinant product of the alternative transcript specifically binds to HER-2-transfected cells with a K(D) of approximately 14 nM and was chemically crosslinked to p185HER-2, whereas the intron encoded sequence alone also binds with high affinity to transfected cells and associates with p185 solubilized from cell extracts. The herstatin mRNA is expressed in normal human fetal kidney and liver, but is at reduced levels relative to p185HER-2 mRNA in carcinoma cells that contain an amplified HER-2 gene. Herstatin appears to be an inhibitor of p185HER-2, because it disrupts dimers, reduces tyrosine phosphorylation of p185, and inhibits the anchorage-independent growth of transformed cells that overexpress HER-2.
Degenerative endplate changes of the lumbosacral spine: Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI profiles related to age, sex, and spinal level (2011)

DCE MRI profiles of degenerative endplate marrow changes of the lumbosacral spine differ significantly from normal marrow regardless of spinal level, age, or sex.
Quality Improvement in Perilla III. Varietal Differences of Protein Content and Amino Acid Composition in Perilla (1993)

Korean local collected strains of perilla were analyzed on their protein and amino-acid contents in the seed. The strains analyzed were 80 of which grown in the experimental field of Crop Experiment Station at Suwon in 1991. This experiment was performed to obtain the basic informations on the varietal differences of protein and amino-acid contents and further applied in the breeding project for quality improvement of perilla. The seed protein contents of 80 perilla varieties ranged from 17.9% to 24.6% and the average content was 24.6%. There were no differences in protein contents according to the maturity and 1,000 seed weight, but differed by the seed coat color showing 1.4% higher content in light gray than that of drak brown, which may suggest that the seed coat color could be used as a marker gene for breeding high protein varieties. While the total essential amino-acid contents of collected perilla ranged from 36.41% to 44.85%, the mean of 40.55%, the non-essential amino-acid contents was 47.23%～60.01% with the mean of 55.29%. Moreover, there was high positive correlation between the essential amino-acid contents and seed coat color. The essential amino-acids of perilla has an exceptionally high content of arginine, leucine, but methionine indeed being almost marginal. Of the essential amino-acids, lysine, methionine and valine were contained higher compared with the FAO recommendation level.
Tagging-based, Electronically Cleansed CT Colonography: Evaluation of Patient Comfort and Image Readability (2006)

In this series, the patient discomfort scores were significantly improved with tagging preparations for CT colonography. Nonionic iodinated contrast material in conjunction with a hyperosmotic laxative (magnesium citrate) was associated with the best subjective and numerical indices of readability.
A phase I clinical trial of a genetically modified and imageable oncolytic vaccinia virus GL-ONC1 with clinical green fluorescent protein (GFP) imaging. (2011)

2577 Background: GL-ONC1 is a genetically engineered vaccinia virus attenuated by insertion of the ruc-gfp (Renilla luciferase and Aequorea green fluorescent protein fusion gene), beta-galactosidase (lacZ) and beta-glucuronidase (gusA) reporter genes into the F14.5L, J2R (thymidine kinase) and A56R (hemagglutinin) loci, respectively. A Phase I trial of intravenous GL-ONC1 was pursued to evaluate safety, tolerability, tumour delivery, neutralizing antibody development and anti tumour activity. Methods: GL-ONC1 was to be administered at escalating doses (1×105, 1×106, 1×107, 1×108, 1×109, 3×109 plaque-forming units (pfu) on day 1 only; 1.667×107 and 1.667×108 pfu on day 1-3; 1×109 pfu on day 1-5) using a 3+3 dose escalation design and a q28 days schedule. GFP imaging was performed at baseline and after each cycle on superficial and mucosal lesions. Results: To date, 21 patients (males 15, median age 57 years) have been treated without dose limiting toxicities. Adverse events reported were generally mild (grade 1/2) and included pyrexia (n:8), fatigue (n:4), myalgia (n:3), pustular rash (n:2), hypotension (n:2), nausea (n:2), tachycardia (n:2), anorexia (n:1), diarrhoea (n:1), hyperhidrosis (n:1), oedema (n:1), rhinorrhea (n:1), rigor (n:1), seborrhoea (n:1), thrombocytosis (n:1), flank pain (n:1), feet plantar tenderness (n:1), back pain (n:1) calf pain (n:1) and vomiting (n:1). One patient suffered a left common femoral artery embolism of uncertain causality (grade 3). Two patients had a pustular rash, 1 asymptomatic (grade 1) and 1 symptomatic with itching (grade 2). Both appeared during the first week of treatment with green fluorescence on GFP imaging and positivity by viral plaque assay (VPA) and resolved spontaneously by the end of cycle 1. VPA of blood, urine, stool and sputum were negative for viral shedding in all but 1 patient who had positive shedding for 11 days. Increased neutralizing antibody titres were seen in all tested patients except 1. Best response was RECIST stable disease > 6 months (n:1) and 3-6 months (n:5). Conclusions: GL-ONC1 can be administered intravenously, is well tolerated and its delivery can be imaged in cancer patients.
The ABCA1 Transporter Modulates Late Endocytic Trafficking (2004)

We have previously established that the ABCA1 transporter, which plays a critical role in the lipidation of extracellular apolipoprotein acceptors, traffics between late endocytic vesicles and the cell surface (Neufeld, E. B., Remaley, A. T., Demosky, S. J., Jr., Stonik, J. A., Cooney, A. M., Comly, M., Dwyer, N. K., Zhang, M., Blanchette-Mackie, J., Santamarina-Fojo, S., and Brewer, H. B., Jr. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 27584-27590). The present study provides evidence that ABCA1 in late endocytic vesicles plays a role in cellular lipid efflux. Late endocytic trafficking was defective in Tangier disease fibroblasts that lack functional ABCA1. Consistent with a late endocytic protein trafficking defect, the hydrophobic amine U18666A retained NPC1 in abnormally tubulated, cholesterol-poor, Tangier disease late endosomes, rather than cholesterol-laden lysosomes, as in wild type fibroblasts. Consistent with a lipid trafficking defect, Tangier disease late endocytic vesicles accumulated both cholesterol and sphingomyelin and were immobilized in a perinuclear localization. The excess cholesterol in Tangier disease late endocytic vesicles retained massive amounts of NPC1, which traffics lysosomal cholesterol to other cellular sites. Exogenous apoA-I abrogated the cholesterol-induced retention of NPC1 in wild type but not in Tangier disease late endosomes. Adenovirally mediated ABCA1-GFP expression in Tangier disease fibroblasts corrected the late endocytic trafficking defects and restored apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux. ABCA1-GFP expression in wild type fibroblasts also reduced late endosome-associated NPC1, induced a marked uptake of fluorescent apoA-I into ABCA1-GFP-containing endosomes (that shuttled between late endosomes and the cell surface), and enhanced apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux. The combined results of this study suggest that ABCA1 converts pools of late endocytic lipids that retain NPC1 to pools that can associate with endocytosed apoA-I, and be released from the cell as nascent high density lipoprotein.
Development of a New Biodegradable Intravascular Polymer Stent with Simultaneous Incorporation of Bioactive Substances (1999)

The new CESP-process can be used to process biodegradable polymers and to mold different stent geometries without inducing cytotoxic effects to the material. Furthermore, this procedure permits the simultaneous incorporation of bioactive substances during the molding process. Drug release kinetics can be regulated by different pore sizes of the material.
Activation of NF-kappaB by adherent Pseudomonas aeruginosa in normal and cystic fibrosis respiratory epithelial cells. (1998)

PMN-dominated airway inflammation is a major component of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Epithelial cells respond to organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the major pathogen in CF, by expressing the leukocyte chemokine IL-8. Experiments were performed using several different types of respiratory epithelial cells that demonstrate that ligation of ceramide-associated receptors on epithelial surfaces by P. aeruginosa pili is a major stimulus for the translocation of transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-B and initiation of IL-8 expression by epithelial cells. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and Western hybridizations, nuclear NF-B was found shortly after epithelial cells were stimulated by either whole organisms, isolated pili, or antibody to the pilin receptor asialoGM1. IB3 cells, which express mutations in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) ( F508/W1282X), were noted to have significantly greater amounts of endogenous nuclear NF-B, but not the transcription factor C/EBP, than CF cells corrected by episomal copies of normal CFTR (C-38) or IB3 cells grown at a permissive temperature (25 C). Activation of NF-B and subsequent IL-8 expression in epithelial cells can result from activation of at least two pathways: an exogenous signaling cascade that is activated by ligation of ceramide-associated adhesins such as P. aeruginosa pilin, or endogenous stimulation, suggested to be a consequence of cell stress caused by the accumulation of mutant CFTR in the endoplasmic reticulum. (
Tim Gruchy: Electronic media art, popular culture and the experimental avant‐garde (1994)

It has become something of a commonplace to remark on the pace of technological change, to talk of the communications revolution or the information society, and to position these developments as a positive advance for culture generally. However, within the more limited field of the arts, the faster, cleaner, brighter, better aspects of new technology also bring with them an underlying uncertainty, a worry that these new media might be dehumanising, or overly mechanical, perhaps a little too commercial and entertainment oriented - not really appropriate media for real art. This ambivalence towards the linking of art and technology has often forced this work in an awkward position, caught somewhere between popular culture and the experimental avant-garde, between art and science, or between the visual and the performing arts.\nNegotiating these uncertainties has been an important task for Tim Gruchy, whose work has been located within the fuzzy borders of art and technology since an initial involvement with black and white reel to reel video and (comparatively) basic electronic music in the mid 1970s.
Dynamic pointer alignment (1997)

Loop tiling and communication optimization, such as message pipelining and aggregation, can achieve optimized and robust memory performance by proactively managing storage and data movement. In this paper, we generalize these techniques to pointer-based data structures (PBDSs). Our approach, dynamic pointer alignment (DPA), has two components. The compiler decomposes a program into non-blocking threads that operate on specific pointers and labels thread creation sites with their corresponding pointers. At runtime, an explicit mapping from pointers to dependent threads is updated at thread creation and is used to dynamically schedule both threads and communication, such that threads using the same objects execute together, communication overlaps with local work, and messages are aggregated. We have implemented DPA to optimize remote reads to global PBDSs on parallel machines. Our empirical results on the force computation phases of two applications that use sophisticated PBDSs, Barnes-Hut and FMM, show that DPA achieves good absolute performance and speedups by enabling tiling and communication optimization on the CRAY T3D.
Loss of cardiac tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin in human and experimental heart failure (2007)

The mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin is required for optimal mitochondrial respiration. In this study, cardiolipin molecular species and cytochrome oxidase (COx) activity were studied in interfibrillar (IF) and subsarcolemmal (SSL) cardiac mitochondria from Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats throughout their natural life span. Fisher Brown Norway (FBN) and young aortic-constricted SHHF rats were also studied to investigate cardiolipin alterations in aging versus pathology. Additionally, cardiolipin was analyzed in human hearts explanted from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. A loss of tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin (L(4)CL), the predominant species in the healthy mammalian heart, occurred during the natural or accelerated development of heart failure in SHHF rats and humans. L(4)CL decreases correlated with reduced COx activity (no decrease in protein levels) in SHHF cardiac mitochondria, but with no change in citrate synthase (a matrix enzyme) activity. The fraction of cardiac cardiolipin containing L(4)CL became much lower with age in SHHF than in SD or FBN mitochondria. In summary, a progressive loss of cardiac L(4)CL, possibly attributable to decreased remodeling, occurs in response to chronic cardiac overload, but not aging alone, in both IF and SSL mitochondria. This may contribute to mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction during the pathogenesis of heart failure.
Value of serial stereotactic biopsies and impedance monitoring in the treatment of deep brain tumours. (1981)

Thirty-five patients with deep brain tumours have been submitted to transtumoral stereotactic impedance monitoring and serial biopsy. The direct examination of the biopsy samples confirmed the presumptive clinical and neuroradiological diagnosis in 25 patients, but in 10 patients the histological diagnosis differed from the presumptive one. In this second group the treatment was changed as a result of the histological findings. Stereotactic biopsy avoided the risks of "blind" management. The technique, the indications and the diagnostic advantages of stereotactic biopsy are reported with two illustrative cases.
Acquisition, Preparation, and Functional Assessment of Human NK Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy (2010)

Human natural killer (NK) cells, a subset of peripheral blood lymphocytes that lack a T- or B-cell receptor, play a crucial role in the innate immune response to viruses and malignant cells. NK cells differentiate infected or malignant cells from normal cells by a complex balance between activating and inhibitory receptor-ligand interactions. Unlike T cells, NK cells do not proliferate in vitro in response to simple crosslinking of a single activating receptor. While many methods to study T-cell function and phenotype can also be applied to NK cells, this chapter addresses methods that are unique to the preparation and assessment of human NK cells for immunotherapy.
Inhibition of Choroidal Neovascularization in a Nonhuman Primate Model by Intravitreal Administration of an AAV2 Vector Expressing a Novel Anti-VEGF Molecule (2010)

Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for the management of the pathological ocular neovascularization associated with diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration is a proven paradigm; however, monthly intravitreal injections are required for optimal treatment. We have previously shown that a novel, secreted anti-VEGF molecule sFLT01 delivered by intravitreal injection of an AAV2 vector (AAV2-sFLT01) gives persistent expression and is efficacious in a murine model of retinal neovascularization. In the present study, we investigate transduction and efficacy of an intravitreally administered AAV2-sFLT01 in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). A dose-dependent and persistent expression of sFLT01 was observed by collecting samples of aqueous humor at different time points over 5 months. The location of transduction as elucidated by in situ hybridization was in the transitional epithelial cells of the pars plana and in retinal ganglion cells. AAV2-sFLT01 was able to effectively inhibit laser-induced CNV in a dose-dependent manner as determined by comparing the number of leaking CNV lesions in the treated versus control eyes using fluorescein angiography. Our data suggest that intravitreal delivery of AAV2-sFLT01 may be an effective long-term treatment for diseases caused by ocular neovascularization.
Learning, Mutation, and Long Run Equilibria in Games (1993)

We analyze an evolutionary model with a finite number of players and with noise or mutations.The expansion and contraction of strategies is linked-as usual-to their current relative success, but mutations-which perturb the system away from its deterministic evolution-are present as well.Mutations can occur in every period, so the focus is on the implications of ongoing mutations, not a one-shot mutation.The effect of these mutations is to drastically reduce the set of equilibria to what we term "long-run equilibria."For 2 x 2 symmetric games with two symmetric strict Nash equilibria the equilibrium selected satisfies (for large populations) Harsanyi and Selten's (1988) criterion of risk-dominance.In particular, if both strategies have equal security levels, the Pareto dominant Nash equilibrium is selected, even though there is another strict Nash equilibrium.
Prostate Cancer: Screening and Early Detection (2001)

The cost of prostate cancer screening appears to be acceptable. Randomized studies of PSA-based screening are currently ongoing, although the results may not be available for a decade. Currently, the best evidence is derived from population-based studies that appear to show a benefit to prostate cancer screening.
Normalizing SMS (2008)

Electronic written texts used in computermediated interactions (e-mails, blogs, chats, etc) present major deviations from the norm of the language. This paper presents an comparative study of systems aiming at normalizing the orthography of French SMS messages: after discussing the linguistic peculiarities of these messages, and possible approaches to their automatic normalization, we present, evaluate and contrast two systems, one drawing inspiration from the Machine Translation task; the other using techniques that are commonly used in automatic speech recognition devices. Combining both approaches, our best normalization system achieves about 11% Word Error Rate on a test set of about 3000 unseen messages.
An online and offline programmable multi-loop controller for distributed systems (1994)

We present a PEARL (Process Experimental Automation Real-time Language)-based multi-loop control-unit for distributed systems, which allows consistent configuration of closed-loop and sequence-control tasks in a function block oriented approach. The tasks can be configurated and parametrised either with a sequence of commands in a menu driven way or, graphically, in a WINDOWS oriented way. The extensive function block library contains many different function blocks for conventional and modern control-algorithms. The function blocks that are needed to configurate tasks for sequence-control and those which are needed for identification, filtering and process I/O are available as well. The performance of a control-unit is also assessed by comparing the control-unit communicates with the other approaches. We show that it is possible to reduce significantly the needed calculating time for sequence-control tasks if a real-time management is used, which allows a periodic scheduling as well as an aperiodic scheduling. We also demonstrate that, if a complex sequence-control algorithm is divided up into small synchronised parts, it is possible to reduce the calculating time even more. >
Right ventricular dysplasia: a report of 24 adult cases. (1982)

Right ventricular dysplasia is characterized by an abnormality in the development of part of the right ventricular musculature. Patients with right ventricular dysplasia may present with ventricular tachycardia, supraventricular arrhythmias, right-heart failure or asymptomatic cardiomegaly. Twenty-two adult patients with right ventricular dysplasia who had recurrent ventricular tachycardia were seen during a 7-year period. The male/female ratio was 2.7:1. The mean age at the time of hospitalization was 39 years. All but one of the patients had ventricular tachycardia of a left bundle branch block configuration. With few exceptions, the T waves were inverted over the right precordial leads. The heart was usually enlarged and the pulmonary vasculature was usually normal. In six patients who had two-dimensional echocardiograms, all showed increased right ventricular diastolic dimensions. All patients had right ventricular angiography; the diagnosis of right ventricular dysplasia was substantiated during surgery in 12 patients and at autopsy in another. Two other patients who did not have arrhythmias had right ventricular dysplasia diagnosed by right- and left-heart angiography. Our unique experience, when combined with a literature review of 34 adult cases, permits a composite clinical profile of this condition in the adult.