gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CsgA is a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium that is recognized by Toll‐like receptor 2 (2005)

Knowledge about the origin and identity of the microbial products recognized by the innate immune system is important for understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We investigated the potential role of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium fimbriae as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that may stimulate innate pathways of inflammation. We screened a panel of 11 mutants, each carrying a deletion of a different fimbrial operon, for their enteropathogenicity using the calf model of human gastroenteritis. One mutant (csgBA) was attenuated in its ability to elicit fluid accumulation and GROalpha mRNA expression in bovine ligated ileal loops. The mechanism by which thin curled fimbriae encoded by the csg genes contribute to inflammation was further investigated using tissue culture. The S. Typhimurium csgBA mutant induced significantly less IL-8 production than the wild type in human macrophage-like cells. Purified thin curled fimbriae induced IL-8 expression in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells transfected with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/CD14 but not in cells transfected with TLR5, TLR4/MD2/CD14 or TLR11. Fusion proteins between the major fimbrial subunit of thin curled fimbriae (CsgA) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) elicited IL-8 production in HEK293 cells transfected with TLR2/CD14. Proteinase K treatment abrogated IL-8 production elicited in these cells by GST-CsgA, but not by synthetic lipoprotein. GST-CsgA elicited more IL-6 production than GST in bone marrow-derived macrophages from TLR2+/+ mice, while there was no difference in IL-6 secretion between GST-CsgA and GST in macrophages from TLR2-/- mice. These data suggested that CsgA is a PAMP that is recognized by TLR2.
Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide (GLP-1) enhances insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: one of several potential extrapancreatic sites of GLP-1 action. (1994)

We investigated the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide, GLP-1, on glucose metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and we used polymerase chain reaction to search for the presence of GLP-1 receptors in various rat tissues. GLP-1 at 1 nM significantly increased insulin-mediated 2-deoxyglucose uptake by 40% while having no effect on basal uptake. In conjunction with the elevated uptake, the insulin-dependent incorporation of 14C-glucose into fatty acids was also increased. Moreover, neither glycogen synthesis nor insulin binding to its receptor were affected by GLP-1. In addition to the presence of GLP-1 receptor in pancreas we found messenger RNA for this receptor in brain, kidney, heart, fat, skeletal muscle, liver, and intestine. This study indicates that GLP-1, in addition to its well known effect of stimulating insulin secretion, may improve insulin responsiveness by promoting fatty acid synthesis in adipose cells and possibly modulating insulin signaling in other insulin sensitive tissues.
Head-Related Transfer Function for Nearby Sources and Its Applications (2007)

The conception and applications of HRTFs for nearby sources are reviewed. The methods for calculating and measuring HRTFs for nearby sources are discussed, and the characters of HRTFs for nearby sources are outlined. At last, some applications of HRTFs for nearby sources to binaural hearing and the field of consumer electronics are discussed.
Effect of xenobiotics on endomycorrhizal infections and isoflavonoid accumulation in soybean roots (1989)

Les mycorhizes, outre leur role dans la nutrition de la plante, sont connues pour augmenter la concentration en composes antimicrobiens de la plante en particulier en phytoalexines et en isoflavonoides. Ces composes pourraient avoir un effet inhibiteur sur le champignon mycorhizien lui-meme. On etudie donc les effets de deux herbicides, un regulateur de croissance et un fongicide sur la mycorhization
How to auto-configure your smart home? (2013)

Most current home automation systems are confined to a timer-based control of light and heating in order to improve the user's comfort. Additionally, these systems can be used to achieve energy savings, e.g., by turning the appliances off during the user's absence. The configuration of such systems, however, represents a major hindrance to their widespread deployment, as each connected appliance must be individually configured and assigned an operation schedule. The detection of active appliances as well as their current operating mode represents an enabling technology on the way to truly smart buildings. Once appliance identities are known, the devices can be deactivated to save energy or automatically controlled to increase the user's comfort.
Finding presentations in recorded meetings using audio and video features (1999)

This paper describes a method for finding segments in video-recorded meetings that correspond to presentations. These segments serve as indexes into the recorded meeting. The system automatically detects intervals of video that correspond to presentation slides. We assume that only one person speaks during an interval when slides are detected. Thus these intervals can be used as training data for a speaker spotting system. An HMM is automatically constructed and trained on the audio data from each slide interval. A Viterbi alignment then resegments the audio according to speaker. Since the same speaker may talk across multiple slide intervals the acoustic data from these intervals is clustered to yield an estimate of the number of distinct speakers and their order. This allows the individual presentations in the video to be identified from the location of each presenter's speech. Results are presented for a corpus of six meeting videos.
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐1 promotes migration and invasion in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (2005)

VEGFR-1 appears to be expressed ubiquitously in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, in which it induces signaling and promotes migration and invasion. Overexpression of VEGF in tumors may activate tumor cells bearing VEGFR-1 via an autocrine pathway. Agents targeting VEGF or its receptors may have a dual inhibitory effect on tumor growth by suppressing both angiogenesis and tumor cell function.
Familial frontotemporal dementia with ubiquitin-positive inclusions is linked to chromosome 17q21-22 (2001)

Hereditary frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with mutations in the tau gene and with the pathological accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in affected brain cells in about a quarter of cases. However, most FTD families have no demonstrable tau mutations. Here we describe the clinical and neuropathological features of a large family with hereditary FTD. Genetic analysis showed strong evidence for linkage to chromosome 17q21-22 (maximum lod score 3.46, theta = 0 for marker D17S950), but mutations in the tau gene were not found. Clinical symptoms, neuropsychological deficits and neuroimaging findings of affected family members were similar to sporadic and tau-related FTD. The mean age at onset was 61.2 years, with loss of initiative and decreased spontaneous speech as the most prominent presenting symptoms. Pathological examination of the brains of two affected family members showed non-specific neuronal degeneration with dense cytoplasmic ubiquitin-positive inclusions in neurones of the second layer of the frontotemporal cortex and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. In a number of neurones these inclusions appeared to be located inside the nucleus, although due to the small number of these inclusions this localization could not be confirmed by electron microscopy. The inclusions were not stained by tau, alpha-synuclein or polyglutamine antibodies. Biochemical analysis of soluble tau did not reveal abnormalities in tau isoform distribution and analysis of mRNA showed the presence of both three- and four-repeat transcripts. This is the first report of ubiquitin-positive, tau-negative inclusions in an FTD family with significant linkage to chromosome 17q21-22. Further characterization of the ubiquitin-positive inclusions may clarify the neurodegenerative pathways involved in this subtype of FTD.
Insufficient autophagy promotes bronchial epithelial cell senescence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012)

Tobacco smoke-induced accelerated cell senescence has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cell senescence is accompanied by the accumulation of damaged cellular components suggesting that in COPD, inhibition of autophagy may contribute to cell senescence. Here we look at whether autophagy contributes to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) - induced cell senescence of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC), and further evaluate p62 and ubiquitinated protein levels in lung homogenates from COPD patients. We demonstrate that CSE transiently induces activation of autophagy in HBEC, followed by accelerated cell senescence and concomitant accumulation of p62 and ubiquitinated proteins. Autophagy inhibition further enhanced accumulations of p62 and ubiquitinated proteins, resulting in increased senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) with interleukin (IL)-8 secretion. Conversely, autophagy activation by Torin1, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor), suppressed accumulations of p62 and ubiquitinated proteins and inhibits cell senescence. Despite increased baseline activity, autophagy induction in response to CSE was significantly decreased in HBEC from COPD patients. Increased accumulations of p62 and ubiquitinated proteins were detected in lung homogenates from COPD patients. Insufficient autophagic clearance of damaged proteins, including ubiquitinated proteins, is involved in accelerated cell senescence in COPD, suggesting a novel protective role for autophagy in the tobacco smoke-induced senescence-associated lung disease, COPD.
Object Detection with Discriminatively Trained Part-Based Models (2009)

We describe an object detection system based on mixtures of multiscale deformable part models. Our system is able to represent highly variable object classes and achieves state-of-the-art results in the PASCAL object detection challenges. While deformable part models have become quite popular, their value had not been demonstrated on difficult benchmarks such as the PASCAL data sets. Our system relies on new methods for discriminative training with partially labeled data. We combine a margin-sensitive approach for data-mining hard negative examples with a formalism we call latent SVM. A latent SVM is a reformulation of MI--SVM in terms of latent variables. A latent SVM is semiconvex, and the training problem becomes convex once latent information is specified for the positive examples. This leads to an iterative training algorithm that alternates between fixing latent values for positive examples and optimizing the latent SVM objective function.
Emerging optical code-division multiple access communication systems (1989)

All-optical systems, which perform signal processing functions optically so that the signal conversion from optical to electrical is done only when desired, are considered. Three such schemes are discussed, namely, fiber-optic code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems, neuromorphic CDMA systems, and ultrashort-light-pulse CDMA systems. Fiber-optic CDMA systems in which incoherent optical signal processing techniques are used to establish optical CDMA systems are first examined. In particular, a novel class of sequences for incoherent fiber-optic CDMA systems, called optical orthogonal codes, are discussed. The codes are then applied to neuromorphic optical systems, and various applications of the networks are examined. Recent experiments that demonstrate the ability to encode and decode extremely fast, femtosecond optical pulses and that suggest the possibility of ultrahigh-speed CDMA systems based on ultrashort light pulses are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cloning and characterization of CcEcR (1999)

In order to understand the role that 20-hydroxyecdysone plays during development of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (medfly), a major agricultural pest, we have cloned a Ceratitis ecdysone receptor (CcEcR) and studied its expression and its binding properties to an ecdysone response element. Using the conserved DNA binding region of the Drosophila melanogaster ecdysone receptor (DmEcR) B1 cDNA as a probe, we isolated a medfly cDNA clone containing the coding region, a part of the 5'-untranslated region and the complete 3'-untranslated region of a CcEcR. The deduced CcEcR polypeptide contained all five domains typical of a nuclear receptor. Alignment comparisons and phylogenetic analyses indicated that CcEcR most closely resembled the B1 isoform of DmEcR and Lucilia cuprina EcR homolog (LcEcR) relative to all other known ecdysone receptors. In situ hybridization analysis showed that the CcEcR gene is mapped in the region 53B of the 4R chromosome arm, while Northern hybridization analysis showed that CcEcR transcripts have a size of approximately 8 kb. Significant levels of CcEcR transcripts were detected in eggs, middle and late embryos, late third instar larvae and middle prepupae. The levels of the CcEcR transcripts during the other larval stages as well as during pupal and adult stages were much lower, while during the early stages of embryogenesis were very low. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that CcEcR binds specifically to the Drosophila hsp27 ecdysone response element as a heterodimer with Drosophila USP, the product of the ultraspiracle gene. Our structural and biochemical data suggest that CcEcR is the functional homolog of the B1 isoform of DmEcR.
The isolation, characterization, and sequence of the pyruvate kinase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1983)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase has been isolated by complementation of a pyk mutant with DNA from a wild type yeast genomic library. Pyruvate kinase enzyme activity is 20-fold higher in the transformant compared to the parental strain and is glucose inducible. The cloned gene has been localized by hybridization of DNA fragments to yeast poly(A+) RNA and by complementation of the mutant defect with select subclones. A DNA sequence of 2885 nucleotides encoding a protein of 499 amino acids is reported. A polypeptide chain of 34 residues of the deduced yeast amino acid sequence closely resembles a peptide sequence at the ADP binding site of bovine muscle pyruvate kinase. The 5' end of the pyruvate kinase mRNA has been mapped and starts within the DNA sequence CAAG at -38 to -27 nucleotides upstream from the first ATG. We note that the sequence PyAAPu in this region appears to be a common consensus site for yeast RNA polymerase II transcriptional starts.
Introduction to cell and tissue culture: theory and technique (1999)

1.Introduction. 2.Setting up a Cell Culture Lab. 3.The Physical Environment. 4.Media. 5.Standard Cell Culture Techniques. 6.Looking at Cells. 7.Contamination, How to Avoid It, Recognize It, and Get Rid of It When It's There. 8.Special Considerations for Serum Free Culture-Established Cell Lines. 9.Primary Cultures. 10.Establishing a Cell Line. 11.Special Growth Conditions. 12.Cell Culture for Commercial Settings. Glossary. Appendices: Equipment List. List of Cell Lines and Where to Get Them. Preparation of Bovine Pituitary Extract. Index.
Biological sensors based on Brownian relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles (2004)

We experimentally demonstrate a biomagnetic sensor scheme based on Brownian relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles suspended in liquids. The characteristic time scale of the Brownian relaxation can be determined directly by ac susceptibility measurements as a function of frequency. The peak in the imaginary part of the ac susceptibility shifts to lower frequencies upon binding the target molecules to the magnetic nanoparticles. The frequency shift is consistent with an increase of the hydrodynamic radius corresponding to the size of the target molecule.
Heparin-induced hypoaldosteronism. Report of a case. (1981)

HEPARIN sodium and related polysulfonated mucopolysaccharides are known to decrease adrenocortical synthesis of aldosterone. This effect has been demonstrated in normal subjects1and in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas.2However, hypoaldosteronism leading to clinically significant hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis appears to be a rare complication of heparin use. We report a case of heparin-induced selective aldosterone deficiency with hyperkalemic hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Report of a Case A 56-year-old man with a five-year history of untreated hypertension came to Michael Reese Hospital on Aug 24, 1979, with a one-week history of right-arm weakness and a one-day history of dysarthria. Medical history was otherwise unremarkable; he was taking no medications. Physical examination showed an aphasic man in no acute distress; his pulse rate was 92 beats per minute and regular; respirations, 20/min; blood pressure (BP), 160/108 mm Hg; and temperature, 36.7 °C. Neurological examination disclosed a non-fluent aphasia and mild right-arm
A review of electronic inductor technique for power factor correction in three-phase adjustable speed drives (2016)

Electronic Inductor (EI) techniques are promising approaches for improving the grid-side current quality, and they are suitable for motor drive applications. In this paper, different EI topologies are investigated from the efficiency perspective, including the effect of employing Silicon Carbide (SiC) power devices. Moreover, the influence of partial loading on component sizing in Adjustable Speed Drives (ASDs) is studied. Finally the analytical loss modelling of power switches is utilized for efficiency measurement. The theoretical analyses are verified by experimental benchmarking in an ASD system.
Long-term silicone implant arthroplasty. Implications of animal and human autopsy findings. (1983)

An examination of host tissue response to implanted material has been conducted as part of a comprehensive research program to study low-modulus of elasticity silicone implants for small-joint arthroplasty. This was performed on animals and in a long-term human clinical evaluation. Autopsy material on three dogs was obtained more than ten years after silicone implants were placed in their limbs, and in one human arthritic patient it was obtained 12 years after hand reconstruction with implants. The benign nature of the tissue reaction to the implant material is noted. It is compared with other implant materials and discussed in terms of host tissue reactions that may occur in joint replacement procedures.
A novel low cost 65nm CMOS process architecture with self aligned isolation and W cladded source/drain (2005)

A novel CMOS process architecture comprising of 1.5 nm equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) oxide/nitride (O/N) gate dielectric, self aligned shallow trench isolation (SASTI), dual poly/W gate and W cladded source/drain is shown to have low gate dielectric leakage with excellent boron blocking, no dopant cross-diffusion and lower gate and source/drain parasitic resistance.
Changes in Carbohydrate Metabolism of Squirrel Monkeys with Chromium Dietary Supplementation (1968)

SummaryAdult squirrel monkeys maintained on a commercial chow demonstrated an impaired carbohydrate metabolism as evaluated by diagnostic tolbutamide and glucose tolerance tests. The possibility that the diet was deficient in trivalent chromium was investigated. The diet of normal and impaired monkeys was supplemented by the addition of trivalent and divalent chromium to the drinking water. The trivalent chromium supplementation produced an improvement in the tolbutamide and glucose tolerance responses of impaired monkeys when the drinking water was maintained at neutral pH but not at mildly acid pH. Normal monkeys supplemented with divalent chromium resulted in the appearance of impaired responses to tolbutamide and glucose tolerance tests.
Reaction of Biguanides and Related Compounds. IX. Condensation of N-Amidino-O-alkylisourea and 1-Substituted 3-Amidino-2-thiourea with Benzil (1974)

The reactions of N-amidino-O-alkylisourea and 1-substituted 3-amidino-2-thiourea with benzil were examined. The reaction of N-amidino-O-alkylisourea with an equivalent amount of benzil in ethanol gave 5, 5-diphenylglycocyamidine by heating for 10 hr under reflux, 5, 5-diphenylglycocyamidine and 2-alkoxyamidinylidene-5, 5-diphenylhydantoin by heating for 2 hr under the similar conditions and 2-alkoxyamidinylidene-5, 5-diphenylhydantoin and 3a, 6a-diphenylglycoluril-2, 5-dialkoximidoylimide by treatment for 1 hr at room temperature. Similarly, heating of 1-aryl-3-amidino-2-thiourea with benzil in ethanol for 10 hr under reflux gave 5, 5-diphenylglycocyamidine. On the other hand, by heating in ethanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide for 2 hr under reflux, 2-arylthiocarbamoyl-5, 5-diphenylglycocyamidine.
Plenoptic stitching (2001)

Interactive walkthrough applications require detailed 3D models to give users a sense of immersion in an environment. Traditionally these models are built using computer-aided design tools to define geometry and material properties. But creating detailed models is time-consuming and it is also difficult to reproduce all geometric and photometric subtleties of real-world scenes. Computer vision attempts to alleviate this problem by extracting geometry and photogrammetry from images of the real-world scenes. However, these models are still limited in the amount of detail they recover.
Discrete Event Model Structure Identification using Process Mining (2011)

A novel structure identification procedure for discrete event systems described by Petri nets are proposed in this paper for model-based diagnostic purposes that utilize the notions and tools of process mining.
Complexity of cytoplasmic RNA in different mouse tissue measured by hybridization of polyadenylated RNA to complementary DNA (1975)

The kinetics of hybridization of polyadenylated RNA from mouse L-cells with complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesized with reverse transcriptase revealed three classes of differing abundance. The simplest interpretation requires three frequency classes representing polyadenylated RNA; 5, 45, and 50 percent of the total polyadenylated RNA and about 3, 300, and 7600 different RNA sequences of 6 times 10-5 daltons, respectively. The complementary DNA synthesized with L-cell polyadenylated RNA as template hybridized efficiently with RNA from different mouse tissues, indicating that most species of the L-cell RNA in the highand middle frequency class are present in all mouse tissues. Kinetics of hybridization of complementary DNA synthesized with cytoplasmic polyadenylated brain RNA as template suggested a higher complexity for brain RNA. Thirty-five percent of this brain cDNA failed to hybridize with L-cell RNA. This complementary DNA fraction, isolated by hydroxylapatite chromatography, represented approximately 11,000 RNA sequences specific for the brain. On the other hand, hybridization of complementary DNA synthesized on polyadenylated mouse liver RNA with L-cell RNA failed to demonstrate differences between these two groups of polyadenylated RNA.