gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incomplete development of human spermatozoa is associated with increased creatine phosphokinase concentration and abnormal head morphology (1993)

Our previous creatine phosphokinase (CK) activity studies in human sperm revealed differences among men and among sperm populations within the same specimen. Samples with low sperm concentrations, high incidence of abnormal sperm morphology, and diminished fertility had higher per sperm CK activity. In the present work, we demonstrated, with 14C-FDNB covalent CK active site modification and with direct CK immunocytochemistry, that the higher CK activity is related to an increased content of CK and of other proteins in sperm. Also, sperm heads with higher CK content were significantly larger and rounder and showed a higher incidence of amorph configuration. We suggest that these biochemical and morphological irregularities are related and are due to a failure of spermatogenesis, more specifically, to a higher retention of cytoplasm, which in normal sperm development is lost to the Sertoli cells as residual bodies. Thus higher CK activity and larger or irregular head size in human sperm signify cellular immaturity and a failure to complete spermatogenesis.
Preclinical Antilymphoma Activity of a Humanized Anti-CD40 Monoclonal Antibody, SGN-40 (2005)

SGN-40 is a humanized IgG1 antihuman CD40 that is currently in a phase I clinical trial for the treatment of multiple myeloma. As surface CD40 expression on B-lineage cells is maintained from pro-B cells to plasma cells, SGN-40 may be applicable to treatment of other B-cell neoplasias, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this study, we examined potential in vitro and in vivo anti-B-lineage lymphoma activity of SGN-40. Recombinant SGN-40 was expressed and purified from Chinese hamster ovary cells and characterized based on binding affinity, specificity, and normal B-cell stimulation. The ability of SGN-40 to target neoplastic B cells was examined in vitro by proliferation inhibition, cytotoxicity, and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity assays and in vivo by human lymphoma xenograft models. Recombinant SGN-40 showed high affinity, Kd of approximately 1 nmol/L, and specific binding to CD40. Whereas SGN-40 was a weak agonist in stimulating normal B-cell proliferation in the absence of IL-4 and CD40L, it delivered potent proliferation inhibitory and apoptotic signals to, and mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity against, a panel of high-grade B-lymphoma lines. These in vitro antilymphoma effects were extended to disseminated and s.c. xenograft CD40 tumor models. In these xenograft models, the antitumor activity of SGN-40 was comparable with that of rituximab. The preclinical in vitro and in vivo antilymphoma activity of SGN-40 observed in this study provides a rationale for the clinical testing of SGN-40 in the treatment of CD40+ B-lineage lymphomas.
Free radicals and inflammation: superoxide-dependent activation of a neutrophil chemotactic factor in plasma. (1980)

The intravenous administration of superoxide dismutase (superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) to animals with induced inflammation suppresses the inflammatory response and inhibits leukocyte infiltration into the challenged site, suggesting that neutrophil-generated superoxide reacts with an extracellular precursor to generate a substance chemotactic for neutrophils. Plasma exposed to superoxide in vitro becomes potently chemotactic. The appearance of chemotactic activity is inhibited by superoxide dismutase but not by catalase. The chemotactic factor does not stimulate superoxide production or degranulation in neurtrophils. Intradermal injection of superoxide-treated plasma or of a superoxide-generating system causes heavy infiltration of neutrophils to the injection site but does not cause overt signs of inflammation. The chemotactic factor consists of a chloroform-extractable component bound to serum albumin. The superoxide-dependent chemotactic factor appears to play a major role in communication in neutrophil-mediated inflammatory events. Prevention of production of this factor appears to be the major anti-inflammatory action of superoxide dismutase.
The therapeutic potential of CXCR4 antagonists in the treatment of HIV infection, cancer metastasis and rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

CXCR4 is the receptor of the chemokine CXCL12, which is involved in progression and metastasis of several types of cancer cells, HIV infection and rheumatoid arthritis. The authors developed selective CXCR4 antagonists, T22 and T140, initially as anti-HIV agents, which inhibit T cell line-tropic (X4-) HIV-1 infection through their specific binding to CXCR4. Recently, T140 analogues have also been shown to inhibit CXCL12-induced migration of breast cancer cells, leukaemia T cells, pancreatic cancer cells, small cell lung cancer cells, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia B cells, pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells and so on in vitro. Biostable T140 analogues significantly suppressed pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer cells and melanoma cells in mice. Furthermore, these compounds significantly suppressed the delayed-type hypersensitivity response induced by sheep red blood cells and collagen-induced arthritis, which represent in vivo mouse models of arthritis. Thus, T140 analogues proved to be attractive lead compounds for chemotherapy of these problematic diseases. This article reviews recent research on T140 analogues, referring to several other CXCR4 antagonists.
The Introduction of Biologically Active Foreign Genes into Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells Using Electroporation (1988)

A simple method for introducing genes into respiratory epithelial cells would assist molecular studies of a variety of pulmonary disorders. Several different techniques for introducing foreign DNA into cells have been described but have either not been useful for respiratory epithelial cells or are difficult and cumbersome to perform. Electroporation is a simple technique that consists of exposing a cell-DNA suspension to an electric shock. Although it has been used to introduce genes into a variety of cell types, it has not previously been applied to respiratory epithelial cells. Human nasal epithelial cells were transfected with the plasmid pRSVCAT, which is an expression vector containing the origin of replication of pBR322 coupled to the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) long terminal repeat (LTR) region driving the coding sequence for the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. The CAT gene is useful for determining optimal conditions for electroporation since it is not normally present in eukaryotic cells, and CAT activity correlates with the level of CAT mRNA; this provides a measure of expression of introduced foreign genes. Successful expression of the CAT gene was demonstrated by electroporation, whereas calcium phosphate transfection resulted in very low CAT activity. Optimal conditions for electroporation of respiratory epithelial cells were determined. Electroporating nasal epithelial cells using 500 volts, a DNA concentration of 10 micrograms/ml, and a sucrose buffer yielded the highest CAT activity, which peaked at 48 h after electroporation.
Studies on the synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 5-(3'-indolal)-2-thiohydantoin derivatives as aldose reductase enzyme inhibitors. (1994)

A new series of 5-(3'-indolal)-2-thiohydantoin derivatives was synthesized and tested for the ability to inhibit bovine lens aldose reductase (AR) enzyme. The compounds were prepared by condensation of substituted indole-3-aldehyde derivatives with 2-thiohydantoin. The capacity of inhibiting the semi-purified bovine lens enzyme in vitro was observed for several of the compounds tested. One of them was found to be effective in reducing the enzyme activity compared with a corresponding well-known AR inhibitor.
Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Amino Acid Derivatives via Catalytic Conjugate Addition of Hydrazoic Acid to Unsaturated Imides (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAsymmetric Synthesis of β-Amino Acid Derivatives via Catalytic Conjugate Addition of Hydrazoic Acid to Unsaturated ImidesJason K. Myers and Eric N. JacobsenView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 38, 8959–8960Publication Date (Web):September 11, 1999Publication History Received14 May 1999Published online11 September 1999Published inissue 1 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja991621zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja991621zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4537Altmetric-Citations238LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Azides,Catalysts,Conjugate acid-base pairs,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Use of Novel Mutant Galactosyltransferase for the Bioconjugation of Terminal N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) Residues on Live Cell Surface (2012)

On the basis of the crystal structure of bovine β4Gal-T1 enzyme, mutation of a single amino acid Y289 to L289 (Y289L) changed its donor specificity from Gal to N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc). A chemoenzymatic method that uses GalNAc analogues like GalNAz or 2-keto-Gal as sugar donors with the enzyme Y289L-β4Gal-T1 has identified hundreds of cytosolic and nuclear proteins that have O-GlcNAc modifications. To avoid potential cytotoxicity at Mn(2+) concentrations required to selectively modify GlcNAc residues on the surface of live cells, we have engineered a Mg(2+)-dependent enzyme. Previously, we found that the mutation of the metal-binding residue Met-344 to His-344 in bovine β4Gal-T1 enzyme altered its metal-ion specificity in such a way that the M344H-β4Gal-T1 enzyme exhibits better catalytic activity with Mg(2+) than with Mn(2+). Here, we find that, when these two mutations are combined, the double mutant, Y289L-M344H-β4Gal-T1, transfers GalNAc and its analogue sugars to the acceptor GlcNAc in the presence of Mg(2+). Using this mutant enzyme, we have detected free GlcNAc residues on the surface glycans of live HeLa cells and platelets. The specific transfer of a synthetic sugar with a chemical handle to the terminal GlcNAc residues on the surface of live cells provides a novel tool for selective modification, detection, and isolation of GlcNAc-ending glycans present on the cellular surface.
Estimation of the Kolmogorov entropy from a chaotic signal (1983)

A new method for estimating the Kolmogorov entropy directly from a time signal is proposed and tested on examples. The method should prove valuable for characterizing experimental chaotic signals.Received 6 May 1983DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.28.2591©1983 American Physical Society
Densitometric and Electrical Investigation of Boron in Silicon (1955)

New analytical, x-ray diffraction, precision density, and electrical resistivity studies of boron-doped silicon show that boron resides in the silicon lattice substitutionally.Received 10 November 1954DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.97.1521©1955 American Physical Society
Fabry-P&#x00E9;rot resonator with nanostructures for multispectral visible filtering (2012)

We design, fabricate and characterise examples of a narrowband filter that is intended for post-processing onto complementary-metal oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) imaging sensors to make compact multispectral imaging instruments. The filter is based on a Fabry-Pérot cavity, with the centre frequency of the filter controlled by patterning subwavelength holes into the structure using electron beam lithography and dry etching. We show that even though the top mirror layer has holes, acceptable performance is obtained with full width half maximums in the range 46-60 nm and a full visible band free spectral range. We present simulations of a set of 16 filters spanning the visible range (400-750nm) requiring only 5 separate lithography cycles.
[Cultivation of human mesenchymal stem cells on macroporous CultiSpher G microcarriers]. (2003)

Adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured on microcarriers in spinner flasks and were compared with those in conventional culture in 12-well plates. For the production of adherently growing MSCs, macroporous CultiSpher G gelatin microcarriers were used in concentration of 1 g/L. The cells were seeded in a density of 5 x 10(4) cells/ml in both spinner culture and conventional stationary culture. The result showed that after 7 days of cultivation a maximum viable cell concentration of 5.15 x 10(5) cells/ml was obtained in spinner culture. Whereas the cell density increased to a maximum of 1.675 x 10(5) cells/ml on day 5 in conventional stationary culture. Lactate was produced up to 12.06 mmol/L in spinner culture and up to 13.10 mmol/L in stationary culture, and glucose was consumed up to 7.38 mmol/L and 5.37 mmol/L respectively. The average lactate yield on glucose consumption in spinner culture was only 1.63, lower than that in stationary culture 2.44. This indicated that the energy metabolism in spinner culture was significantly more efficient than that in conventional culture. After spinner culture for 12 days, the MSCs maintain the characteristics of stem cells. It is concluded that the microcarrier culture system is a suitable way to expand the seeding cells for tissue engineering.
Oncolytic Viral Therapy for Cervical and Ovarian Cancer Cells by Sindbis Virus AR339 Strain (2005)

Our study suggested that SIN AR339 strain has a possibility as a novel agent for human cervical and ovarian cancer therapy.
Aortic and hepatic peak enhancement at CT: effect of contrast medium injection rate--pharmacokinetic analysis and experimental porcine model. (1998)

Use of injection rates above 2 mL/sec did not substantially increase hepatic peak enhancement but helped increase the magnitude of arterial enhancement and temporal separation of arterial and venous phases of enhancement for dual-phase spiral CT.
Control of Plasma Phenylalanine Levels (1988)

Virtually all of the molecules of the essential amino acids that enter the body derive from dietary proteins; high-quality protein sources such as eggs or milk provide around 5 g of phenylalanine (Phe) per 100 g of protein. A large fraction of dietary Phe is hydroxylated to tyrosine in the liver, a process catalyzed by the enzyme Phe-hydroxylase. Plasma Phe levels, like those of the other amino acids, are not regulated, and at any given time they reflect the proportions of protein and carbohydrates in the meal most recently consumed. Since people eat during the daytime, there is an apparent circadian rhythmicity in plasma amino acid concentrations. Protein consumption tends to decrease brain Phe concentrations because although it raises plasma Phe, it increases much more the level of the other neutral amino acids (e.g., valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, and tryptophan), which compete with Phe for brain uptake. In contrast, consumption of pure Phe or of aspartame increases brain Phe because of the lack of these competing amino acids. In rodents, which have a very active Phe-hydroxylating system, administration of pure Phe or aspartame causes larger increases in plasma and brain tyrosine than in Phe, unless very high doses are given. This does not occur in humans, because Phe hydroxylation is much slower.
Receptors from Glucocorticoid-Sensitive Lymphoma Cells and Two Classes of Insensitive Clones: Physical and DNA-Binding Properties (1974)

Mouse lymphoma tissue culture cells (S49.1A) are normally killed by dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone. Dexamethasone-resistant clones have been selected from this line, some of which retain the ability to specifically bind dexamethasone. Addition of [(3)H]dexamethasone to cultures, followed by cell fractionation, reveals that the nuclear transfer of hormone-receptor complexes in some of these variant clones is deficient (nt(-)), while others show increased nuclear transfer (nt(i)) relative to the parental line. Two independently selected members of each class have been studied here, in an effort to elucidate the molecular determinants involved in the receptor-nucleus interaction in vivo. The labeled receptors in cell-free extracts bind to DNA-cellulose, but only after previous incubation of the extract at 20 degrees , similar to the treatment required for cell-free interaction of receptors with nuclei. More importantly, the apparent DNA-binding affinity of the nt(-) receptors is lower than the wild type, whereas the nt(i) receptors bind DNA with an affinity higher than the parental molecules. The parallelism of nuclear and DNA binding, together with the observations that the receptors from the variants have sedimentation properties different from the wild-type cells, lead us to conclude that (i) these variants may contain altered receptor molecules and (ii) DNA is probably the primary nuclear binding site for steroid receptors in vivo.
Making methane visible (2016)

Abstract Methane (CH4) is one of the most important greenhouse gases, and an important energy carrier in biogas and natural gas. Its large-scale emission patterns have been unpredictable and the source and sink distributions are poorly constrained. Remote assessment of CH4 with high sensitivity at a m2 spatial resolution would allow detailed mapping of the near-ground distribution and anthropogenic sources in landscapes but has hitherto not been possible. Here we show that CH4 gradients can be imaged on the
Analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum dapA Promoter (1999)

Deletion and mutational analysis of the promoter P-dapA from Corynebacterium glutamicum was performed to identify regions and particular nucleotides important for its function. An extended -10 region and a stretch of six T's at positions -55 to -50 were found to be the most important elements in the promoter function. The results of mutational analysis of P-dapA are consistent with the conclusions of statistical computer-aided analysis of 44 C. glutamicum promoter sequences.
The possibilities and limitations of nucleic acid amplification technology in diagnostic microbiology (1997)

Nucleic acid amplification technology is examined from the critical viewpoint of a clinical microbiologist working in a routine diagnostic bacteriology laboratory. Widely recognised limitations of amplification technology include those of false-positive and false-negative results, the difficulty of obtaining quantitative results, the problem of using this technology for susceptibility testing, and the difficulty of detecting routinely the wide range of possible pathogens contained in a clinical sample. On the positive side, amplification technology brings welcome new possibilities for rapid detection of specific pathogens in a sample, including viruses, slowly growing bacteria, fastidious or uncultivable bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Other possible applications include screening normally sterile clinical samples for non-specific bacterial contamination and the use of amplification-based DNA fingerprinting methods for identification and typing of microorganisms. Nevertheless, it is predicted that-in contrast to research and reference facilities-routine bacteriology laboratories will continue to rely on culture as the preferred 'amplification method' for most diagnostic applications.
La logística de moda: Floor ready merchandise (2003)

La tecnica de floor ready merchandise (FRM) es una estrategia de colaboracion probada e implantada en los Estados Unidos, sobre todo en el sector de la distribucion textil. Las empresas europeas comienza a plantearse este metodo de mejora de la cadena entre fabricante y la tienda.
Hydrodynamics of small tubular pumps (1984)

Miniature tubular pumps are used to emit droplets from ink-jet matrix heads. This paper deals with the simulation of the behaviour of a viscous and compressible liquid in such pumps. The response of the liquid in the frequency and time domain is analysed. An approximate method is given to determine the droplet speed and size.
Discovery of Molecular Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Formula Si-Wu-Tang Using Gene Expression Microarray and Connectivity Map (2011)

To pursue a systematic approach to discovery of mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), we used microarrays, bioinformatics and the "Connectivity Map" (CMAP) to examine TCM-induced changes in gene expression. We demonstrated that this approach can be used to elucidate new molecular targets using a model TCM herbal formula Si-Wu-Tang (SWT) which is widely used for women's health. The human breast cancer MCF-7 cells treated with 0.1 µM estradiol or 2.56 mg/ml of SWT showed dramatic gene expression changes, while no significant change was detected for ferulic acid, a known bioactive compound of SWT. Pathway analysis using differentially expressed genes related to the treatment effect identified that expression of genes in the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) cytoprotective pathway was most significantly affected by SWT, but not by estradiol or ferulic acid. The Nrf2-regulated genes HMOX1, GCLC, GCLM, SLC7A11 and NQO1 were upregulated by SWT in a dose-dependent manner, which was validated by real-time RT-PCR. Consistently, treatment with SWT and its four herbal ingredients resulted in an increased antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter activity in MCF-7 and HEK293 cells. Furthermore, the gene expression profile of differentially expressed genes related to SWT treatment was used to compare with those of 1,309 compounds in the CMAP database. The CMAP profiles of estradiol-treated MCF-7 cells showed an excellent match with SWT treatment, consistent with SWT's widely claimed use for women's diseases and indicating a phytoestrogenic effect. The CMAP profiles of chemopreventive agents withaferin A and resveratrol also showed high similarity to the profiles of SWT. This study identified SWT as an Nrf2 activator and phytoestrogen, suggesting its use as a nontoxic chemopreventive agent, and demonstrated the feasibility of combining microarray gene expression profiling with CMAP mining to discover mechanisms of actions and to identify new health benefits of TCMs.