gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using lexical chains for text summarization (1997)

We investigate one technique to produce a summary of an original text without requiring its full semantic interpretation, but instead relying on a model of the topic progression in the text derived from lexical chains. We present a new algorithm to compute lexical chains in a text, merging several robust knowledge sources: the WordNet thesaurus, a part-of-speech tagger, shallow parser for the identification of nominal groups, and a segmentation algorithm. Summarization proceeds in four steps: the original text is segmented, lexical chains are constructed, strong chains are identified and significant sentences are extracted. We present in this paper empirical results on the identification of strong chains and of significant sentences. Preliminary results indicate that quality indicative summaries are produced. Pending problems are identified. Plans to address these short-comings are briefly presented.
Adsorption of Polyethylene and Polypropylene by Zeolites:  Inside or Outside? (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTAdsorption of Polyethylene and Polypropylene by Zeolites: Inside or Outside?Xingwu Wang, Cristian C. Rusa, Marcus A. Hunt, Alan E. Tonelli, Tibor Macko, and Harald PaschView Author Information Fiber & Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8301, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, and German Institute for Polymers, Schlossgartenstr. 6, D-64289, Darmstadt, Germany Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 25, 10341–10345Publication Date (Web):November 8, 2005Publication History Received5 August 2005Revised25 October 2005Published online8 November 2005Published inissue 1 December 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma051748ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma051748arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views432Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chromatography,Differential scanning calorimetry,Polyethylene,Polymers,Zeolites Get e-Alerts
Simulation of single mode si waveguides and electro-optic coupling modulators (1994)

Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.
Enhanced Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation by a Revertant of a Nodulation-Defective Bradyrhizobium japonicum Tryptophan Auxotroph (1990)

In greenhouse studies, the symbiotic properties of a prototrophic revertant (TA11 NOD) of a nodulation defective tryptophan auxotroph of Bradyrhizobium japonicum were compared with those of the normally nodulating wild-type strain, B. japonicum I-110 ARS. Strain I-110 ARS was the parent of auxotrophic mutant TA11. Plants inoculated with TA11 NOD contained significantly more nitrogen per plant than did plants inoculated with wild-type bacteria (275.9 +/- 35 versus 184 +/- 18 mg). Also, plants that received the revertant were larger, averaging 8.4 +/- 0.9 g (dry weight) versus 6.4 +/- 0.6 g for those that received the wild-type bacterial strain. Additionally, plants that received the NOD strain had 56% more nodules and 41% more nodule mass than did control plants. With both inocula, average nodule size and amount of nitrogen fixed per gram of nodule were about the same. These data indicated that the improvement in nitrogen fixation observed with the TA11 NOD resulted from an increase in the overall nodule number. The physiological basis for this increase in nodulation is not known, but enhanced tryptophan catabolism does not appear to be involved.
Molecular Mechanisms of Soluble Cytokine Receptor Generation (2008)

Soluble cytokine receptors play key roles in regulating cytokine-mediated biological events by binding and modulating the activity of target ligands in either an antagonistic or agonistic fashion. This Minireview will provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms mediating the generation of soluble cytokine receptors, which include sheddase-mediated proteolytic cleavage of cell-surface receptors, generation of soluble receptors by alternative gene splicing, transcription and translation of cytokine-binding genes, and extracellular release of membrane-bound receptors within vesicles such as exosomes.
Effect of Skull Resistivity on the Spatial Resolutions of EEG and MEG (2004)

The resistivity values of the different tissues of the head affect the lead fields of electroencephalography (EEG). When the head is modeled with a concentric spherical model, the different resistivity values have no effect on the lead fields of the magnetoencephalography (MEG). Recent publications indicate that the resistivity of the skull is much lower than what was estimated by Rush and Driscoll. At the moment, this information on skull resistivity is, however, slightly controversial. We have compared the spatial resolution of EEG and MEG for cortical sources by calculating the half-sensitivity volumes (HSVs) of EEG and MEG as a function of electrode and magnetometer distance, respectively, with the relative skull resistivity as a parameter. Because the spatial resolution is related to the HSV, these data give an overview of the effect of these parameters on the spatial resolution of both techniques. Our calculations show that, with the new information on the resistivity of the skull, in the spherical model for cortical sources the spatial resolution of the EEG is better than that of the MEG.
Monitoring Botulinum Neurotoxin A Activity with Peptide-Functionalized Quantum Dot Resonance Energy Transfer Sensors (2011)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are extremely potent bacterial toxins that contaminate food supplies along with having a high potential for exploitation as bioterrorism agents. There is a continuing need to rapidly and sensitively detect exposure to these toxins and to verify their active state, as the latter directly affects diagnosis and helps provide effective treatments. We investigate the use of semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-peptide Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assemblies to monitor the activity of the BoNT serotype A light chain protease (LcA). A modular LcA peptide substrate was designed and optimized to contain a central LcA recognition/cleavage region, a unique residue to allow labeling with a Cy3 acceptor dye, an extended linker-spacer sequence, and a terminal oligohistidine that allows for final ratiometric peptide-QD-self-assembly. A number of different QD materials displaying charged or PEGylated surface-coatings were evaluated for their ability to self-assemble dye-labeled LcA peptide substrates by monitoring FRET interactions. Proteolytic assays were performed utilizing either a direct peptide-on-QD format or alternatively an indirect pre-exposure of peptide to LcA prior to QD assembly. Variable activities were obtained depending on QD materials and formats used with the most sensitive pre-exposure assay result demonstrating a 350 pM LcA limit of detection. Modeling the various QD-peptide sensor constructs provided insight into how the resulting assembly architecture influenced LcA recognition interactions and subsequent activity. These results also highlight the unique roles that both peptide design and QD features, especially surface-capping agents, contribute to overall sensor activity.
Detecting abandoned packages in a multi-camera video surveillance system (2004)

We describe a video surveillance system that detects abandoned packages automatically. In this system, multiple cameras locate objects in space and time despite occlusions and distracting lighting effects observed by subsets of the cameras. A multiple-state model of an abandoned package provides the ability to detect realistic abandoned package events. The paper outlines the system by describing the modules for camera view segmentation, object classification, view-object association, 3D object tracking, and finally detection of the event of a package being abandoned, which highlights object association using multiple cameras and the multiple-state abandoned package model.
Genetic Analysis of Calmodulin and Its Targets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2001)

Calmodulin, a small, ubiquitous Ca2+-binding protein, regulates a wide variety of proteins and processes in all eukaryotes. CMD1, the single gene encoding calmodulin in S. cerevisiae, is essential, and this review discusses studies that identified many of calmodulin's physiological targets and their functions in yeast cells. Calmodulin performs essential roles in mitosis, through its regulation of Nuf1p/Spc110p, a component of the spindle pole body, and in bud growth, by binding Myo2p, an unconventional class V myosin required for polarized secretion. Surprisingly, mutant calmodulins that fail to bind Ca2+ can perform these essential functions. Calmodulin is also required for endocytosis in yeast and participates in Ca2+-dependent, stress-activated signaling pathways through its regulation of a protein phosphatase, calcineurin, and the protein kinases, Cmk1p and Cmk2p. Thus, calmodulin performs important physiological functions in yeast cells in both its Ca2+-bound and Ca2+-free form.
Ultrafast laser processing of materials: from science to industry (2016)

Processing of materials by ultrashort laser pulses has evolved significantly over the last decade and is starting to reveal its scientific, technological and industrial potential. In ultrafast laser manufacturing, optical energy of tightly focused femtosecond or picosecond laser pulses can be delivered to precisely defined positions in the bulk of materials via two-/multi-photon excitation on a timescale much faster than thermal energy exchange between photoexcited electrons and lattice ions. Control of photo-ionization and thermal processes with the highest precision, inducing local photomodification in sub-100-nm-sized regions has been achieved. State-of-the-art ultrashort laser processing techniques exploit high 0.1-1 μm spatial resolution and almost unrestricted three-dimensional structuring capability. Adjustable pulse duration, spatiotemporal chirp, phase front tilt and polarization allow control of photomodification via uniquely wide parameter space. Mature opto-electrical/mechanical technologies have enabled laser processing speeds approaching meters-per-second, leading to a fast lab-to-fab transfer. The key aspects and latest achievements are reviewed with an emphasis on the fundamental relation between spatial resolution and total fabrication throughput. Emerging biomedical applications implementing micrometer feature precision over centimeter-scale scaffolds and photonic wire bonding in telecommunications are highlighted.
Perioperative anaesthetic morbidity in children: a database of 24 165 anaesthetics over a 30‐month period (2004)

This observational study confirms previous reports, and indicates that there is still a relative higher rate of adverse events in infants compared with older children even in a teaching paediatric hospital with a high annual caseload.
Enhancement of skin permeation of ibuprofen from ointments and gels by sesame oil, sunflower oil and oleic acid (2006)

Several batches of paraffin ointments were prepared and ibuprofen was incorporated into them. Sesame oil, sunflower oil, and oleic acid in different concentrations were incorporated into different batches. Commercial ibuprofen gel was obtained and divided into several batches and different concentrations of sesame oil, sunflower oil, and oleic acid were incorporated into them. The in vitro drug release characteristics through hairless (88 mm) rat skin was carried out by using modified Insertion cell designed in our laboratory. The cell was placed into a borosil beaker containing 50 ml of pH 7.4 phosphate buffer as the diffusion fluid. The beaker was placed over the magnetic stirrer, which was maintained at 37±0.5° to maintain the temperature of diffusion fluid. The released drug content at predetermined time interval was measured using U-V-double beam spectrophotometer at 272 nm. The drug release was raised with increase in oil concentration.
Glycosidation Route to 4''-epi-(Methylamino)-4''-Deoxyavermectin B1 (MK-244, Emamectin Benzoate) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGlycosidation Route to 4''-epi-(Methylamino)-4''-Deoxyavermectin B1 (MK-244, Emamectin Benzoate)Mallory F. Loewe, Raymond J. Cvetovich, Lisa M. DiMichele, Richard F. Shuman, and Edward J. J. GrabowskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 25, 7870–7875Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00104a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00104a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views407Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Innate and acquired humoral immunities to influenza virus are mediated by distinct arms of the immune system (1999)

"Natural" Igs, mainly IgM, comprise part of the innate immune system present in healthy individuals, including antigen-free mice. These Igs are thought to delay pathogenicity of infecting agents until antigen-induced high affinity Igs of all isotypes are produced. Previous studies suggested that the acquired humoral response arises directly from the innate response, i.e., that B cells expressing natural IgM, upon antigen encounter, differentiate to give rise both to cells that secrete high amounts of IgM and to cells that undergo affinity maturation and isotype switching. However, by using a murine model of influenza virus infection, we demonstrate here that the B cells that produce natural antiviral IgM neither increase their IgM production nor undergo isotype switching to IgG2a in response to the infection. These cells are distinct from the B cells that produce the antiviral response after encounter with the pathogen. Our data therefore demonstrate that the innate and the acquired humoral immunities to influenza virus are separate effector arms of the immune system and that antigen exposure per se is not sufficient to increase natural antibody production.
Synphilin-1 Is Developmentally Localized to Synaptic Terminals, and Its Association with Synaptic Vesicles Is Modulated by α-Synuclein (2002)

Alpha-synuclein is the major component of Lewy bodies in patients with Parkinson's disease, and mutations in the alpha-synuclein gene are responsible for some familial forms of the disease. alpha-Synuclein is enriched in the presynapse, but its synaptic targets are unknown. Synphilin-1 associates in vivo with alpha-synuclein promoting the formation of intracellular inclusions. Additionally synphilin-1 has been found to be an intrinsic component of Lewy bodies in patients with Parkinson's disease. To understand the role of synphilin-1 in Parkinson's disease, we sought to define its localization and function in the brain. We now report that, like alpha-synuclein, synphilin-1 was enriched in neurons. In young rats, synphilin-1 was prominent in neuronal cell bodies but gradually migrated to neuropil during development. Immunoelectron microscopy of adult rat cerebral cortex demonstrated that synphilin-1 was highly enriched in presynaptic nerve terminals. Synphilin-1 co-immunoprecipitated with synaptic vesicles, indicating a strong association with these structures. In vitro binding experiments demonstrated that the N terminus of synphilin-1 robustly associated with synaptic vesicles and that this association was resistant to high salt washing but was abolished by inclusion of alpha-synuclein in the incubation medium. Our data indicated that synphilin-1 is a synaptic partner of alpha-synuclein, and it may mediate synaptic roles attributed to alpha-synuclein.
Oxidative modifications of S100 proteins: functional regulation by redox (2009)

Several S100 Ca(2+)-binding proteins undergo various post-translational modifications that may alter their intracellular and extracellular functions. S100A8 and S100A9, two members of this family, are particularly susceptible to oxidative modification. These proteins, abundantly expressed in neutrophils and activated macrophages, are associated with acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, including microbial infections, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. They have diverse intracellular roles including NADPH oxidase activation and arachidonic acid transport and can be secreted via a Golgi-independent pathway to exert extracellular functions. Many pro-inflammatory functions have been described for S100A8 and S100A9, but they are also implicated in anti-inflammatory roles in wound-healing and protection against excessive oxidative tissue damage,the latter as a result of their exquisite capacity to scavenge oxidants. Similarly, their genes are induced by proinflammatory (LPS and TNF-alpha) stimuli, but induction is IL-10-dependent, and anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids induce or amplify expression. S100A8 and S100A9 were described recently as damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, which provide a novel, conceptual framework for understanding their functions. However, because of this designation, recent reviews focus solely on their pro-inflammatory functions. Here, we summarize the mounting evidence from functional and gene regulation studies that these proteins may also play protective roles. This review offers an explanation for the disparate, functional roles of S100A8 and S100A9 based on emerging data that post-translational, oxidative modifications may act as a regulatory switch.
Specific Induction of Tumor Neovasculature Death by Modified Murine PPE-1 Promoter Armed with HSV-TK (2008)

These results show that an adenoviral vector armed with HSV-TK controlled by the endothelial-selective murine PPE-1(3X) promoter is efficient and safe to target tumor neovasculature.
The Evolving Diabetes Burden in the United States (2004)

A diabetes epidemic emerged during the 20th century and continues unchecked into the 21st century. It has already taken an extraordinary toll on the U.S. population through its acute and chronic complications, disability, and premature death. Trend data suggest that the burden will continue to increase. Efforts to pre- vent or delay the complications of diabetes or, better yet, to prevent or delay the development of diabetes itself are urgently needed.
De Bruijn Sequences for Fixed-Weight Binary Strings (2012)

De Bruijn sequences are circular strings of length $2^n$ whose length n substrings are the binary strings of length n. Our focus is on creating circular strings of length $\binom{n}{w}$ for the binary strings of length n with weight (number of 1s) equal to w. In this case, each fixed-weight string can be encoded by its first $n{-}1$ bits since the final bit is redundant. For this reason, we construct circular strings of length $\binom{n-1}{w}+\binom{n-1}{w-1}$ whose length $n{-}1$ substrings are the binary strings of length $n{-}1$ with weight w or $w{-}1$. Our construction is reminiscent of the construction for the lexicographically least de Bruijn sequence, except the underlying algorithm is applied to cool-lex order instead of lexicographic order. The construction can be efficiently implemented so that successive blocks of n bits are generated in constant amortized time while using $O(n \log n)$-space. This article's results were also used to create de Bruijn sequences for binary strings of length n with a specified maximum weight.
An Improved Synthesis of Oxytocin1 (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Improved Synthesis of Oxytocin1Miklos Bodanszky and Vincent du VigneaudCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 10, 2504–2507Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01519a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01519a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Knoevenagel Condensation Catalysed by New Montmorillonitesilylpropylethylenediamine (1991)

Abstract Facile knoevenagel condensations catalysed by new montmorillonitesilylpropylethylenediamine is reported.