gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approximate personal name‐matching through finite‐state graphs (2007)

Abstract This article shows how finite‐state methods can be employed in a new and different task: the conflation of personal name variants in standard forms. In bibliographic databases and citation index systems, variant forms create problems of inaccuracy that affect information retrieval, the quality of information from databases, and the citation statistics used for the evaluation of scientists' work. A number of approximate string matching techniques have been developed to validate variant forms, based on similarity and equivalence relations. We classify the personal name variants as nonvalid and valid forms. In establishing an equivalence relation between valid variants and the standard form of its equivalence class, we defend the application of finite‐state transducers. The process of variant identification requires the elaboration of: (a) binary matrices and (b) finite‐state graphs. This procedure was tested on samples of author names from bibliographic records, selected from the Library and Information Science Abstracts and Science Citation Index Expanded databases. The evaluation involved calculating the measures of precision and recall, based on completeness and accuracy. The results demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, although it should be complemented with methods based on similarity relations for the recognition of spelling variants and misspellings.
High Internal Phase Emulsions Stabilized Solely by Functionalized Silica Particles (2008)

Klein, aber mächtig: Mit Ölsäure funktionalisierte Siliciumdioxidpartikel sind ausreichend hydrophob, um Wasser-Öl-Emulsionen mit großer interner Phase zu stabilisieren. Die Partikel adsorbieren irreversibel an der wässrig-organischen Grenzfläche und verhindern das Zusammenfließen der Tröpfchen und eine Phasenumkehr. Polymerisation dieser Emulsionen ergab hoch poröse Polymerschäume.
Highly Active Chiral Ruthenium‐Based Metathesis Catalysts through a Monosubstitution in the N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (2010)

Single (substitution) is better: New chiral ruthenium metathesis (pre)catalysts with a monosubstituted carbon atom in the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand are highly stable in solution, initiate easily, show very high enantioselectivity and excellent E selectivity in asymmetric ring-opening cross-metathesis (see scheme).
The Positive Impact of Fremanezumab on Work Productivity and Activity Impairment in Patients with Chronic Migraine (S32.007) (2018)

To evaluate the effect of fremanezumab on work productivity loss and activity impairment in CM patients.
NBI Mitigation for UWB Systems Using Multiple Antenna Selection Diversity (2007)

In this paper, a narrowband interference (NBI) mitigation scheme for ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) signals using multiple receive antennas is examined. The low spatial fading of UWB signals compared to NBI signals is exploited to provide "interference selection diversity (SD)." Whereas classical SD is designed to maximize the desired received signal power, the aim of interference SD is to minimize the effective NBI power. The resulting distribution of the signal-to-interference ratio at the receiver is derived for both Rayleigh and Ricean NBI fading scenarios. Expressions for the probability of error of the SD scheme are also derived for a perfect receiver (where the correlator template is matched to the received UWB pulse shape) as well as for a Rake receiver with a limited number of fingers. It is shown that doubling the number of antennas results in a 3-dB performance improvement for the Rayleigh fading case. Less substantial gains are observed under Ricean fading. The method provides a simple but effective technique to mitigate NBI effects in UWB systems.
Supraparamagnetic, Conductive, and Processable Multifunctional Graphene Nanosheets Coated with High-Density Fe3O4 Nanoparticles (2010)

The amazing properties of graphene are triggering extensive interests of both scientists and engineers, whereas how to fully utilize the unique attributes of graphene to construct novel graphene-based composites with tailor-made, integrated functions remains to be a challenge. Here, we report a facile approach to multifunctional iron oxide nanoparticle-attached graphene nanosheets (graphene@Fe(3)O(4)) which show the integrated properties of strong supraparamagnetism, electrical conductivity, highly chemical reactivity, good solubility, and excellent processability. The synthesis method is efficient, scalable, green, and controllable and has the feature of reduction of graphene oxide and formation of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles in one step. When the feed ratios are adjusted, the average diameter of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (1.2-6.3 nm), the coverage density of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles on graphene nanosheets (5.3-57.9%), and the saturated magnetization of graphene@Fe(3)O(4) (0.5-44.1 emu/g) can be controlled readily. Because of the good solubility of the as-prepared graphene@Fe(3)O(4), highly flexible and multifunctional films composed of polyurethane and a high content of graphene@Fe(3)O(4) (up to 60 wt %) were fabricated by the solution-processing technique. The graphene@Fe(3)O(4) hybrid sheets showed electrical conductivity of 0.7 S/m and can be aligned into a layered-stacking pattern in an external magnetic field. The versatile graphene@Fe(3)O(4) nanosheets hold great promise in a wide range of fields, including magnetic resonance imaging, electromagnetic interference shielding, microwave absorbing, and so forth.
<i>N</i>-Glycosyl phosphonamidates: potential transition-state analogue inhibitors of glycopeptidases (1998)

The synthesis of N-glycosyl phosphonamidates has been accomplished via the coupling of peracetylated glycosylamines with an appropriate phosphonochloridate in the presence of pyridine. The resulting glycosyl phosphonamidate esters are dealkylated with bromotrimethylsilane and then deacetylated to give the target compounds, which are potential transition-state analogue inhibitors of glycopeptidases and may prove useful as haptens for generating catalytic antibodies with glycopeptidase activity.
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance (2009)

This ? rst edition of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance grew out of a desire by the editors and authors to have a comprehensive resource of information on antimicrobial drug resistance that encompassed th
Replicative senescence of normal human oral keratinocytes is associated with the loss of telomerase activity without shortening of telomeres. (1998)

Telomerase activity was analyzed in 7 different cultures of secondary normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs), 1 normal human oral epithelial tissue specimen, 1 immortalized human oral keratinocyte (HOK) cell line, and 10 human oral cancer cell lines using the PCR-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. Telomerase activity was found in all tested cells and tissue, but the activity in NHOKs and epithelial tissue was lower than that in other tested cell lines. Inasmuch as continued subculture of NHOKs results in replicative senescence, we investigated the association between telomerase activity and replicative senescence by evaluating the enzyme activity in NHOK cultures with different population doubling levels. Three different NHOK cultures were independently subcultured until these cells reached the postmitotic stage. Unlike in fibroblasts derived from the human oral cavity, significant telomerase activity was detected in rapidly proliferating NHOKs, and telomerase activity was barely detectable in the keratinocytes near and at senescence. However, the terminal restriction fragment consisting of telomeric DNA was found to be constantly maintained at approximately 6.0 kilobases in NHOKs without any detectable shortening of telomeres by subcultures. Intracellular p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 protein levels in NHOKs were gradually and significantly diminished by the passage of cells. These data indicate that actively proliferating NHOKs contain telomerase activity and that replicative senescence of NHOKs is associated with the loss of telomerase activity without shortening of telomeres. However, replicative senescence of NHOKs is apparently not linked to an accumulation of wild-type p53 and/or p21WAF1/CIP1 proteins in these cells.
Participation of Two Ser‐Ser‐Phe‐Tyr Repeats in Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6)‐Binding Sites of the Human IL‐6 Receptor (1996)

The alpha-subunit of interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor is a member of the hematopoietin receptor family. The alignment of its amino acid sequence with those of other members of this family (human somatotropin receptor/murine IL-3 receptor beta and human IL-2 receptor beta) has suggested that amino acids included in two SSFY repeats found in each of its hematopoietin receptor domains, contribute to the binding of the ligand. The involvement of these amino acids in IL-6 binding and signal transduction was studied by site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modelling. We present a computer-derived three-dimensional model of the IL-6/IL-6 receptor complex based on the structure of the human somatotropin/human somatotropin receptor complex. This model allowed the location of distinct regions important for IL-6 and gp130 binding. We show that some of the residues included in the SSFY repeats located in our IL-6 receptor model in the loops between beta-strands E and F of domain-I and B' and C', of domain-II, participate in the formation of a major IL-6-binding site. These residues are necessary for IL-6 and gp130 binding and for signal transduction. Using our IL-6 receptor mutants we mapped the epitopes of our anti-(IL-6 receptor) neutralising monoclonal antibodies to these residues. Our results demonstrate that a generic hematopoietin receptor family structural module can be used for the study of both alpha and beta receptor subunits belonging to this family.
Differential sympathetic regulation of automatic, conductile, and contractile tissue in dog heart (1988)

Sympathetic pathways mediating chronotropic, dromotropic, and inotropic responses during ansae subclavia stimulation were determined by sequential dissection around major cardiac vessels. Right sympathetic (RS) projections influencing ventricular contractile force converge at the common pulmonary artery and within the pulmonary artery nerves (PAN). RS projections influencing left atrial contractile force course within the PANs. RS pathways to pacemaker and right atrial contractile tissue were localized between the superior vena cava and ascending aorta. RS projections influencing conductile tissue converge between the common pulmonary artery and proximal right pulmonary artery. Left sympathetic (LS) projections to ventricular contractile tissue were localized at the common pulmonary artery, within the PANs, and in the ventral lateral cardiac nerve (VLCN). LS pathways influencing heart rate and conductile tissue were localized at the left pulmonary artery and coursing between the right pulmonary artery and left superior pulmonary vein. LS projections to atrial contractile tissue were localized within the PANs and coursing between the right pulmonary artery and left superior pulmonary vein. We conclude that there are parallel, yet distinct, projections of sympathetic efferents to automatic, conductile, and contractile tissue of the canine heart.
Advances in Multi-Core Fiber Lasers (2014)

Multi-core fiber lasers and their potential for power scaling of fiber laser systems will be discussed. Recently developed concepts will be presented including supermode selection techniques and simultaneous multi-supermode laser operation.
Identification of Human and Mouse p19, a Novel CDK4 and CDK6 Inhibitor with Homology to p16ink4 (1995)

The cell cycle in mammalian cells is regulated by a series of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). The G1/S checkpoint is mainly dictated by the kinase activities of the cyclin D-CDK4 and/or cyclin D-CDK6 complex and the cyclin E-CDK2 complex. These G1 kinases can in turn be regulated by cell cycle inhibitors, which may cause the cells to arrest at the G1 phase. In T-cell hybridomas, addition of anti-T-cell receptor antibody results not only in G1 arrest but also in apoptosis. In searching for a protein(s) which might interact with Nur77, an orphan steroid receptor required for activation-induced apoptosis of T-cell hybridomas, we have cloned a novel human and mouse CDK inhibitor, p19. The deduced p19 amino acid sequence consists of four ankyrin repeats with 48% identity to p16. The human p19 gene is located on chromosome 19p13, distinct from the positions of p18, p16, and p15. Its mRNA is expressed in all cell types examined. The p19 fusion protein can associate in vitro with CDK4 but not with CDK2, CDC2, or cyclin A, B, E, or D1 to D3. Addition of p19 protein can lead to inhibition of the in vitro kinase activity of cyclin D-CDK4 but not that of cyclin E-CDK2. In T-cell hybridoma DO11.10, p19 was found in association with CDK4 and CDK6 in vivo, although its association with Nur77 is not clear at this point. Thus, p19 is a novel CDK inhibitor which may play a role in the cell cycle regulation of T cells.
Propeller-Shaped Acceptors for High-Performance Non-Fullerene Solar Cells: Importance of the Rigidity of Molecular Geometry (2017)

This paper describes the synthesis and application of βTPB6 and βTPB6-C as electron acceptors for organic solar cells. Compound βTPB6 contains four covalently bonded PDIs with a BDT-Th core at the β-position. The free rotation of PDIs renders βTPB6 with varying molecular geometries. The cyclization of βTPB6 yields βTPB6-C with high rigidity of the molecular geometry and enlarged conjugated skeleton. The inverted solar cells based on βTPB6-C and PTB7-Th as the donor polymer exhibited the highest efficiency of 7.69% with Voc of 0.92 V, Jsc of 14.9 mAcm–2, and FF of 0.56, which is 31% higher than that for βTPB6 based devices. The larger fraction of βTPB6-C and PTB7-Th than that of βTPB6:PTB7-Th in a blend film takes a face-on orientation packing pattern for π-systems that benefits the charge transport and hence higher PCE value than that for βTPB6:PTB7-Th. It was also found that a proper DIO:DPE additive further enhances this trend, which results in an increase of the PCE value for βTPB6-C:PTB7-Th while decreasing the PCE value for βTPB6:PTB7-Th.
Large arrays of well-aligned carbon nanotubes (1999)

Large arrays of well-aligned carbon nanotubes on glass, silicon, nickel, platinum, etc. have been successfully synthesized by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at temperatures below 500 °C. Either a uniform layer of nickel made by magnetron sputtering or patterns of nickel dots made by e-beam lithography and e-beam evaporation or thermal evaporation was used as the catalyst. Acetylene and ammonia gases were used as the carbon source and dilution gas. Ammonia was also found to act as catalyst. Without ammonia, there was no growth of carbon nanotubes at that low temperature. The diameters of the carbon nanotubes range from a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers depending on the catalytic nickel size. The length is in a range of a few thousand angstroms to a few hundred micrometers depending on the growth time. In the case of uniform nickel layer used for catalyst, the site density of carbon nanotubes range between 109 to 1012/cm2 depending on the diameters of the nanotubes. Whereas in the case of patterned nickel dots used for catalyst, the site density can be controlled at any number.
A Review of the Implementation of the Embryonic Stem Cell Test (EST) (2009)

The new European chemicals policy for the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (the REACH system), requires the routine toxicological testing of chemicals produced in volumes of more than one tonne per year, in order to enhance environmental and consumer safety (1). Under the REACH system policy, it will be most probably necessary to test several thousand chemicals for their toxicological properties.
Random packings and the structure of simple liquids. I. The geometry of random close packing (1970)

Abstract In his Bakerian Lecture, Bernal (1964) discussed those ideas of restricted irregularity which are physically realized in random packings of equal hard spheres, with particular reference to the structure of simple liquids. He stressed the need for a science of ‘statistical geometry ’, and took the first steps himself by proposing possible ways of describing such arrays. In this paper, these and other associated ideas are briefly described and extended by deriving an equivalent set of polyhedral subunits essentially inverse to the packing in real space. Examination of two independent high density arrays demonstrates the repro-ducibility of certain metrical and topological properties of these polyhedra, and their correlations over larger elements of volume. As a result, several possible ‘descriptive parameters’ are proposed. Although these essentially ‘numerical’ characteristics facilitate sensitive structural descriptions of any assembly of micro- and macroscopic subunits, we are still unable to characterize an irregular array in formal mathematical terms. Such a formulation of statistical geometry could be a powerful tool for tackling important problems in many branches of science and engineering.
Empirical test of an ion parametric resonance model for magnetic field interactions with PC‐12 cells (1994)

A companion paper describes a predictive ion parametric resonance (IPR) model of magnetic field interactions with biological systems based on a selective relation between the ratio of the flux density of the static magnetic field to the AC magnetic field and the charge-to-mass ratio of ions of biological relevance. Previous studies demonstrated that nerve growth factor (NGF)-stimulated neurite outgrowth (NO) in PC-12 cells can be inhibited by exposure to magnetic fields as a function of either magnetic field flux density or AC magnetic field frequency. The present work examines whether the PC-12 cell response to magnetic fields is consistent with the quasi-periodic, resonance-based predictions of the IPR model. We tested changes in each of the experimentally controllable variables [flux densities of the parallel components of the AC magnetic field (Bac) and the static magnetic field (Bdc) and the frequency of the AC magnetic field] over a range of exposure conditions sufficient to determine whether the IPR model is applicable. A multiple-coil exposure system independently controlled each of these critical quantities. The perpendicular static magnetic field was controlled to less than 2 mG for all tests. The first set of tests examined the NO response in cells exposed to 45 Hz Bac from 77 to 468 mG(rms) at a Bdc of 366 mG. Next, we examined an off-resonance condition using 20 mG Bdc with a 45 Hz AC field across a range of Bac between 7.9 and 21 mG(rms). Finally, we changed the AC frequency to 25 Hz, with a corresponding change in Bdc to 203 mG (to tune for the same set of ions as in the first test) and a Bac range from 78 to 181 mG(rms). In all cases the observed responses were consistent with predictions of the IPR model. These experimental results are the first to support in detail the validity of the fundamental relationships embodied in the IPR model.
Initial clinical trial of a selective retinoid X receptor ligand, LGD1069. (1997)

LGD1069 is a unique compound that exploits a newly identified pathway of retinoid receptor biology that may be relevant to tumor-cell proliferation and apoptosis. Further investigation of this drug is warranted. Based on the results of this study, a dose of 300 mg/m2 is recommended for single-agent trials.
Replication in vitro and in vivo of an equine infectious anemia virus mutant deficient in dUTPase activity (1995)

As an important enzyme in DNA synthesis, dUTPase is present in a wide variety of organisms and viruses and has been identified as a component of the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) pol gene. The role of EIAV dUTPase, designated DU, in virus replication in vitro and in vivo was investigated with a recently described infectious molecular clone of EIAV. A deletion mutant that was deficient in dUTPase activity was constructed, and its replication kinetics was examined in fetal equine kidney (FEK) cells and primary equine bone marrow macrophage (EBMM) cells. In FEK cells, which are permissive for EIAV replication, the mutant virus replicated as well as the parental virus. In primary cultures of EBMM cells, which are primary targets of EIAV infection in vivo, the DU mutant showed delayed replication kinetics and replicated to a lower extent than did the parental virus. As the multiplicity of infection decreased, the difference between the parental and mutant viruses increased, such that at the lowest multiplicity of infection tested, there was over a 100-fold difference in virus production. The mutant virus was also much less cytopathic. The role of DU in replication in vivo was examined using a Shetland pony model of EIAV infection. Shetland ponies that were infected with the parental and mutant viruses showed transient virus RNA levels in plasma approximately 5 to 10 days postinfection. The peak virus levels in plasma (as measured by a quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR assay) were 10- to 100-fold lower in the mutant virus-infected animals than in the animals infected with the parental virus. However, ponies infected with the mutant virus mounted similar antibody responses despite the marked differences in virus replication. These studies demonstrate that EIAV DU is important for the efficient replication of the virus in macrophages in vitro and in vivo and suggests that variations in the DU sequence could markedly affect the biological and pathogenic properties of EIAV.
Radioimmunoassays of human high and low molecular weight kininogens in plasmas and platelets (1984)

Radioimmunoassays of human high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and low molecular weight kininogen (LMWK) were developed using antibodies directed against the light and the heavy chains of kallikrein-cleaved HMWK. With the anti-light chain antibodies, the radioimmunoassay was specific for HMWK with a detection limit of 0.4 ng. The anti-heavy chain antibodies were used to quantify the concentration of total kininogen antigens. In four different plasmas with a congenital deficiency in HMWK procoagulant activity, there was no detectable antigen in two cases and trace amounts, less than 1 micrograms/ml in the other plasmas (normal concentration: 72 +/- 6 micrograms/ml). In the absence of HMWK, the radioimmunoassay performed with the anti-heavy chain antibodies was specific for LMWK. The amount of LMWK was different in each of these patients' plasmas, ranging from no detectable antigen, i.e. less than 0.15 micrograms/ml, to a normal content. Antigens immunologically indistinguishable from plasma kininogens were detected in lysates of five times washed platelets. HMWK antigen concentration was 3.17 +/- 0.87 micrograms per 10(11) platelets (mean value in 11 donors). LMWK was also present in platelet lysates and the relative concentration versus HMWK was the same as in plasma.