gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A single intranasal dose of a live-attenuated parainfluenza virus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is protective in hamsters (2021)

Single-dose vaccines with the ability to restrict SARS-CoV-2 replication in the respiratory tract are needed for all age groups, aiding efforts toward control of COVID-19. We developed a live intranasal vector vaccine for infants and children against COVID-19 based on replication-competent chimeric bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 (B/HPIV3) that express the native (S) or prefusion-stabilized (S-2P) SARS-CoV-2 S spike protein, the major protective and neutralization antigen of SARS-CoV-2. B/HPIV3/S and B/HPIV3/S-2P replicated as efficiently as B/HPIV3 in vitro and stably expressed SARS-CoV-2 S. Prefusion stabilization increased S expression by B/HPIV3 in vitro. In hamsters, a single intranasal dose of B/HPIV3/S-2P induced significantly higher titers compared to B/HPIV3/S of serum SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies (12-fold higher), serum IgA and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 S protein (5-fold and 13-fold), and IgG to the receptor binding domain (10-fold). Antibodies exhibited broad neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 of lineages A, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351. Four weeks after immunization, hamsters were challenged intranasally with 10<sup>4.5</sup> 50% tissue-culture infectious-dose (TCID<sub>50</sub>) of SARS-CoV-2. In B/HPIV3 empty vector-immunized hamsters, SARS-CoV-2 replicated to mean titers of 10<sup>6.6</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/g in lungs and 10<sup>7</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/g in nasal tissues and induced moderate weight loss. In B/HPIV3/S-immunized hamsters, SARS-CoV-2 challenge virus was reduced 20-fold in nasal tissues and undetectable in lungs. In B/HPIV3/S-2P-immunized hamsters, infectious challenge virus was undetectable in nasal tissues and lungs; B/HPIV3/S and B/HPIV3/S-2P completely protected against weight loss after SARS-CoV-2 challenge. B/HPIV3/S-2P is a promising vaccine candidate to protect infants and young children against HPIV3 and SARS-CoV-2.
Surgical treatment for ruptured anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms (2013)

<strong>Background</strong> Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) aneurysm is an extremely rare tumor, which can cause severe results after ruptured. This article retrospectively analyzed the clinical symptoms, imaging manifestations, surgical approaches, endovascular therapy and postoperative outcomes of 12 cases with AICA aneurysms, so as to provide reference for clinical practice. <strong>Methods</strong> Clinical data of patients with AICA aneurysms, who were treated in our hospital between June 2004 and June 2012, were carefully collected and studied. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were used to evaluate the patients' living status. <strong>Results </strong>There were 12 patients (the average age was 54 years old) with 13 ruptured aneurysms, accounting for 0.19% of all aneurysms (6467 cases) treated in the same period. CT showed simple subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 6 patients, simple ventricular hemorrhage in 1 patient and SAH complicated with ventricular hemorrhage in 5 patients. According to Hunt-Hess Grade, 2 patients were classified as Grade Ⅰ; 7 were Grade Ⅱ; 3 were Grade Ⅲ. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed there were 10 saccular aneurysms and 3 fusiform aneurysms. Three aneurysms were located in the proximal segment of AICA (the junction of AICA and basilar artery), 3 premeatal segment (first bifurcation of AICA), 3 meatal and 4 postmeatal. The mean diameter was 3.90 mm. Three patients with 4 aneurysms were treated with microsurgery, of which clipping was carried out in 2 patients with 3 aneurysms and trapping in 1 case. Other 9 patients were treated with endovascular therapy, of which 2 cases underwent coil embolization, 3 stent-assisted coil, and 4 parent artery occlusion (PAO). Postoperative complications included facial paralysis (1 case), dysphagia and coughing when drinking (1 case) and contralateral hemianopia in both eyes (1 case). Follow-up was available in all of these cases for a mean of 36.41 months, with GOS scores 3 in 1 case, 4 in 2 cases and 5 in 9 cases. All the patients recovered well. <strong>Conclusion</strong><br />AICA aneurysms are rare. The treatment includes microsurgery and endovascular therapy. For proximal, premeatal and meatal aneurysms, the retrosigmoidal approach is recommended; for the distal ones, the suboccipital approach with a center incision reverse to the ipsilateral (inverted 7 shaped) would be better for its minimal disturbance to cranial nerves. The endovascular therapy is recommended for all. For premeatal aneurysms, coiling or stent-assisted coiling would be good, even the aneurysms with wide neck are treated well; for distal ones, PAO is effective but the decision should be made very carefully for its potential risk of neurological deficits. <br />
Zero-delay broadcasting protocols for video-on-demand (1999)

Broadcasting protocols for video-on-demand continuously retransmit videos that are watched simultaneously by many viewers. Nearly all broadcasting protocols assume that the client set-top box has enough storage to store between 48 and 60 minutes of video. We propose to use this storage to anticipate the customer requests and to preload, say, the first 3 minutes of the top 16 to 20 videos. This would provide instantaneous access to these videos and also eliminate the extra bandwidth required to handle compressed video signal.
The role of the promoter in the expression of the PCNA gene. (1992)

G1-specific temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the cell cycle arrest in G1 after serum stimulation at the restrictive temperature. Under these conditions, the RNA levels of late growth-regulated genes (such as DNA polymerase alpha, PCNA, thymidine kinase, and core histones) are markedly decreased or even undetectable, while early growth-regulated genes (for instance, c-myc) are normally expressed, and certain promoters are actually super-induced. We have used the human PCNA gene transfected into TK-ts13 cells (a G1-specific ts mutant) to investigate whether the inhibition of gene expression caused by this type of growth inhibition occurs at a transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. Constructs were made in which the 5' and 3' flanking sequences of the human PCNA gene were replaced by the corresponding elements of the SV40 T antigen coding gene. Using these constructs and data from run-on assays and RT-PCR, we conclude that the failure of expression of the PCNA gene in G1-arrested TK-ts13 cells occurs at the transcriptional level.
Internal chip ESD phenomena beyond the protection circuit (1988)

Input/output electrostatic discharge (ESD) circuit requirements call for good protection of the pin with respect to both the ground and the power bus pins. Although effective protection can be designed at the pin many cases of damage phenomena are known to occur internal to the chip beyond the protection circuit. Here, the issues of protection between V/sub DD/ and V/sub SS/ are discussed first. This is followed by examples of how protection circuit performance can be sensitive to internal chip layout, independent of its effective design. Several illustrative actual case studies are reported to emphasize the internal chip ESD phenomena and their adverse effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Marine natural products (1996)

D. J. Faulkner, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1996, 13, 75 DOI: 10.1039/NP9961300075
Acute administration of interleukin-1β disrupts motor learning. (2007)

Proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to disrupt the normal transfer of short-term memory to long-term storage sites. Previous research has focused predominantly on the effect of cytokines on hippocampus-mediated spatial learning. To further understand the effects of cytokines on learning and memory, the authors evaluated the effects of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) on a motor learning task. Male Long-Evans rats were rewarded with food pellets after they traversed a runway. The runway was either flat (control condition) or had up-ended dowels (motor learning condition). Subjects traversed the flat runway or dowel task for 5 days, 10 trials per day, and were treated with either saline or with 4 microg/kg IL-1beta immediately after training on the first 2 days. Rats in the motor learning task treated with IL-1beta were consistently slower at traversing the runway. IL-1beta did not impair performance in the control condition; rats in the flat condition performed similarly regardless of whether they were treated with saline or IL-1beta. These data are the first evidence demonstrating IL-1beta can disrupt performance in a motor learning task.
Retraction Adv. Mater. 6/2003 (2003)

As a result of a typesetting error in Scheme 6 in the above review, the structure of the product of the polymerization of molecules 6be was incorrectly printed.The correct product is shown below.
Notes: Separation of 13-and 9-Hydroperoxide Lyase Activities in Cotyledons of Cucumber Seedlings (1989)

Abstract In cucumber cotyledons, both C 6 - and C 9- aldehyde were formed via hydroperoxide (HPO) lyase activity. Because it has not been elucidated whether these activities are attributed to one enzyme which can cleave both 13-and 9-HPO or to two or more enzymes each of which specifically cleaves 13-or 9-HPO , an attempt to separate HPO lyase activity was done. Ion exchange chromatography separated this activity into two fractions, one of which specifically cleaved 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid and the other specifically cleaved the 9-isomer. 13-HPO-specific activity was most active at pH 8.0 and 9-HPO-specific one was at pH 6.5. SH -reagents inhibited both the lyases but to different extents.
Conducting Polymetallorotaxanes:  Metal Ion Mediated Enhancements in Conductivity and Charge Localization (1997)

In this paper we describe polymers of two metallorotaxane systems, Rot(1,M) and Rot(2,M) (M = Zn2+ or Cu1+), which are formed by complexing a macrocyclic phenanthroline, a 5,5‘-bis([2,2‘-bithiophen]-5-yl)-2,2‘-bipyridine (ligand 1) or 5,5‘-bis(3,4:3‘,4‘-bis(ethylenedioxy)[2,2‘-bithiophen]-5-yl)-2,2‘-bipyridine (ligand 2), and Zn2+ or Cu1+ ions. The corresponding polymetallorotaxanes, PolyRot(1,M) and PolyRot(2,M), are produced by oxidative polymerization of Rot(1,M) and Rot(2,M). The investigations of the electrochemical, conducting, and optical properties of the metallorotaxanes and polymetallorotaxanes as well as related nonrotaxane polymers Poly(1) and Poly(2) are reported. The combined electrochemical and conductivity studies of PolyRot(1,M) and PolyRot(2,M) indicated that the polymetallorotaxane's redox and conducting properties were dramatically affected by the Lewis acidic and redox properties of the coordinated metal ions. The Lewis acidity produces charge localization and a redox conduction process in both polymetallorotaxane systems. The matching of the polymer and Cu1+/2+ couple redox potentials in PolyRot(2,Cu) resulted in a Cu1+/2+ contribution to conductivity. The metal-free PolyRot(1) and PolyRot(2) were produced by extracting the metal ions, and these polymers reversibly bound Zn2+ or Cu2+ ions in solution. The Cu2+ dopes the films of PolyRot(2) and Poly(2), which have lower oxidation potential than those of PolyRot(1), to produce 106−107-fold conductivity increases. In the case of PolyRot(1) and Poly(1), the rotaxane structure was demonstrated to be key for reversible complexation of metal ions.
An unequal error protection trellis coding scheme for still image communication (2002)

The source and channel coding functions of a communication system are usually designed independently of one another. This is justified by Shannon's separation principle (1948), which indicates that no performance loss is suffered if the two functions are thus partitioned. However, Shannon's theorem is an asymptotic result that permits unlimited delay and complexity; given a constraint on complexity/delay, joint source-channel coding may outperform separately designed pairs. In this work, we consider the problem of reliable communication of compressed still grey-level images over very noisy channels. An unequal error protection (UEP) joint source-channel coding scheme is proposed for transmitting discrete-cosine transform (DCT) encoded images over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel used in conjunction with coherent M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) modulation. More specifically, it consists of a sequence maximum a posteriori (MAP) detection scheme that exploits both the channel soft decision information and the statistical image characteristics.
Spectral sharpening with positivity (2000)

Spectral sharpening is a method for developing camera or other optical-device sensor functions that are more narrowband than those in hardware, by means of a linear transform of sensor functions. The utility of such a transform is that many computer vision and color-correction algorithms perform better in a sharpened space, and thus such a space can be used as an intermediate representation for carrying out calculations. In this paper we consider how one may sharpen sensor functions such that the transformed sensors are all positive. We show that constrained optimization can be used to produce positive sensors in two fundamentally different ways: by constraining the coefficients in the transform or by constraining the functions directly. In the former method, we prove that convexity can be used to constrain the solution exactly. In a sense, we are continuing the work of MacAdam and of Pearson and Yule, who formed positive combinations of the color-matching functions. However, the advantage of the spectral sharpening approach is that not only can we produce positive curves, but the process is "steerable" in that we can produce positive curves with as good or better properties for sharpening within a given set of sharpening intervals. At base, however, it is positive colors in the transformed space that are the prime objective. Therefore we also carry out sharpening of sensor curves governed not by positivity of the curves themselves but of colors resulting from them. Curves that result have negative lobes but generate positive colors. We find that this type of constrained sharpening generates the best results, which are almost as good as for unconstrained sharpening but without the penalty of negative colors. All methods discussed may be used with any number of sensors.
Complementary Profiling of Gene Expression at the Transcriptome and Proteome Levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2002)

Using an integrated genomic and proteomic approach, we have investigated the effects of carbon source perturbation on steady-state gene expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing on either galactose or ethanol. For many genes, significant differences between the abundance ratio of the messenger RNA transcript and the corresponding protein product were observed. Insights into the perturbative effects on genes involved in respiration, energy generation, and protein synthesis were obtained that would not have been apparent from measurements made at either the messenger RNA or protein level alone, illustrating the power of integrating different types of data obtained from the same sample for the comprehensive characterization of biological systems and processes.
Disulfide-Functionalized 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-Substituted 2,2‘-Bipyridines and Their Ruthenium Complexes (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTDisulfide-Functionalized 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-Substituted 2,2'-Bipyridines and Their Ruthenium ComplexesCharles A. Panetta, Hephzibah Jayasheela Kumpaty, Norman E. Heimer, Montray C. Leavy, and C. L. HusseyView Author Information The Department of Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, The Department of Chemistry, The University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, and The Department of Chemistry, U.S. Air Force Academy, USAFA, Colorado 80840-6230 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3, 1015–1021Publication Date (Web):January 20, 1999Publication History Received27 July 1998Published online20 January 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9814795https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9814795brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4399Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Bipyridine,Disulfides,Organic compounds,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
The Design of an IVDS World Wide Web Browser Architecture (1997)

An IVDS (Interactive Video Data Service) uses an interactive television system to transmit data to and from subscribers' homes. IVDS allows the viewer to interact with content provided on the television using a remote control. A typical IVDS application would be ordering an advertised product or playing along with a quiz show. The Virginia Tech Center for Wireless Telecommunications (CWT), under a contract with Interactive Return Service, Inc., is developing an IVDS system in which content is provided through the television cable system in the form of audio codes. A special remote control can detected these audio codes and query the user for input. The return path for this system is a wireless channel. The remote control contains a spread spectrum transmitter that transmits packets to a Repeater unit residing within a quarter mile of the user's home. With the popularity of the World Wide Web soaring, many companies are announcing internet appliances that will bring the content of the web to the user at a fraction of the cost of a standard personal computer. CWT has been contracted to extend the core IVDS system to provide a web browsing capability, allowing the user to browse the web with only the remote control. This thesis outlines the requirements of the IVDS Web Browser System. The different hardware design concepts are documented. The final Browser System specification is presented, as well as a board-level description of the Decoder Unit that is part of this final Browser System. Finally, a detailed description, current status, and simulation results are presented for the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) that serves as the controller for the Decoder Unit.
Frequency noise in frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (2009)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) using the frequency modulation (FM) detection method has been widely used for atomic/molecular-scale investigations of various materials. Recently, it has been shown that high-resolution imaging in liquids by the FM-AFM is also possible by reducing the noise-equivalent displacement in the cantilever displacement sensor and by oscillating the cantilever at a small amplitude even with the extremely reduced Q-factor due to the hydrodynamic interaction between the cantilever and the liquid. However, it has not been clarified how the noise reduction of the displacement sensor contributes to the reduction in the frequency noise in the FM-AFM in low-Q environments. In this article, the contribution of the displacement sensor noise to the frequency noise in the FM-AFM is described in detail to show how it is important to reduce the noise-equivalent displacement in the displacement sensor especially in low-Q environments.
Lysosomes as photochemical targets (1994)

Sulfonated tetraphenyl porphines (TPPSn) are photosensitizing dyes that localize in lysosomes of NHIK 3025 cells. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of cell inactivation by photochemical treatment with TPPSn, lysosomal enzyme inactivation and release of lysosomal contents were examined after treatment. In cells treated with TPPS4 and light, the lysosomal enzymes beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (beta-AGA) and cathepsin(L+B) were almost completely inactivated and no enzyme activities were released from the lysosomes. In contrast, a maximum of 30 and 50% of the initial beta-AGA activity was released from lysosomes after treatment with TPPS1 and TPPS2a, respectively. Forty per cent of the initial beta-AGA activity was released after treatment with TPPS2a and a non-cytotoxic dose of light. After such a treatment only approximately 10% of the initial cathepsin activity was found in the cytosol fraction and in all other cases no cathepsin activity was recovered in the cytosol fraction after photochemical treatment. It was found that the constituents of the cytosol partly inhibited cathepsin activity. This inhibitory effect was not influenced by the photochemical treatment, neither was the colony-forming ability of photochemically treated cells influenced by pre-treatment with the cathepsin inhibitor E64. The present results indicate that NHIK 3025 cells are not killed by lysosomal disruption after photochemical treatment. This is partly due to photochemical inactivation of the lysosomal enzymes and to the action of cytosolic cysteine cathepsin inhibitors. The present results also indicate that cells can survive a partial lysosomal disruption.
On the Failure of the Bootstrap for Matching Estimators (2008)

Matching estimators are widely used in empirical economics for the evaluation of programs or treatments. Researchers using matching methods often apply the bootstrap to calculate the standard errors. However, no formal justification has been provided for the use of the bootstrap in this setting. In this article, we show that the standard bootstrap is, in general, not valid for matching estimators, even in the simple case with a single continuous covariate where the estimator is root-N consistent and asymptotically normally distributed with zero asymptotic bias. Valid inferential methods in this setting are the analytic asymptotic variance estimator of Abadie and Imbens (2006a) as well as certain modifications of the standard bootstrap, like the subsampling methods in Politis and Romano (1994).
The membrane distal half of gp130 is responsible for the formation of a ternary complex with IL‐6 and the IL‐6 receptor (1995)

Gp130 is the signal transducing subunit of the interleukin-6 receptor. Signaling is initiated by the complex formation of gp130 with IL-6 bound to the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). We have subdivided the extracellular domain of gp130 in two parts and expressed the mutant proteins as soluble IgG fusion proteins in COS-7 cells. By studying the formation of the ternary complex we show that the membrane distal half of gp130 which contains a cytokine receptor domain is responsible for the interaction with the IL-6/IL-6R complex. Interestingly this is the same region which is believed to be involved in specific recognition of the related cytokines LIF, OM, and probably also of CNTF and IL-11.