gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resonance Ejection Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry and Nonlinear Field Contributions: The Effect of Scan Direction on Mass Resolution (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResonance Ejection Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry and Nonlinear Field Contributions: The Effect of Scan Direction on Mass ResolutionJon D. Williams, Kathleen A. Cox, R. Graham. Cooks, Scott A. McLuckey, Kevin J. Hart, and Douglas E. GoeringerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 5, 725–729Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00077a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00077a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views683Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distinct evolutionary trajectories of primary high‐grade serous ovarian cancers revealed through spatial mutational profiling (2013)

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is characterized by poor outcome, often attributed to the emergence of treatment-resistant subclones. We sought to measure the degree of genomic diversity within primary, untreated HGSCs to examine the natural state of tumour evolution prior to therapy. We performed exome sequencing, copy number analysis, targeted amplicon deep sequencing and gene expression profiling on 31 spatially and temporally separated HGSC tumour specimens (six patients), including ovarian masses, distant metastases and fallopian tube lesions. We found widespread intratumoural variation in mutation, copy number and gene expression profiles, with key driver alterations in genes present in only a subset of samples (eg PIK3CA, CTNNB1, NF1). On average, only 51.5% of mutations were present in every sample of a given case (range 10.2-91.4%), with TP53 as the only somatic mutation consistently present in all samples. Complex segmental aneuploidies, such as whole-genome doubling, were present in a subset of samples from the same individual, with divergent copy number changes segregating independently of point mutation acquisition. Reconstruction of evolutionary histories showed one patient with mixed HGSC and endometrioid histology, with common aetiologic origin in the fallopian tube and subsequent selection of different driver mutations in the histologically distinct samples. In this patient, we observed mixed cell populations in the early fallopian tube lesion, indicating that diversity arises at early stages of tumourigenesis. Our results revealed that HGSCs exhibit highly individual evolutionary trajectories and diverse genomic tapestries prior to therapy, exposing an essential biological characteristic to inform future design of personalized therapeutic solutions and investigation of drug-resistance mechanisms.
Protection against a Malaria Challenge by Sporozoite Inoculation (2009)

Protection against a homologous malaria challenge can be induced by the inoculation of intact sporozoites. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00442377.)
A review of the healthy worker effect in occupational epidemiology (1999)

This review article aims to anatomize sources of the healthy worker effect (HWE) and to summarize advantages and limitations of several approaches frequently proposed to eliminate the HWE. Although the HWE is frequently addressed in the context of selection bias, our review suggests that the selection of occupational cohorts with advantageous health status would preferably be addressed as a source of confounding biases. The authors also conclude that the exclusion of unhealthy workers at employment and the study of active workers are the two main sources of HWE, and that the use of the general population as a comparison group in occupational epidemiology should be avoided if possible. The authors encourage investigators to make distinctions between the underlying factors related to the use of the general population as the comparison group in occupational epidemiology.
Handheld forward-imaging needle endoscope for ophthalmic optical coherence tomography inspection (2008)

We report the narrowest to-date (21 gauge, 820-microm-diam) handheld forward-imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT) needle endoscope and demonstrate its feasibility for ophthalmic OCT inspection. The probe design is based on paired-angle-rotation scanning (PARS), which enables a linear B-scan pattern in front of the probe tip by using two counterrotating angle polished gradient-index (GRIN) lenses. Despite its small size, the probe can provide a numerical apertune (NA) of 0.22 and an experimental sensitivity of 92 dB at 0.5 frames. The feasibility of retinal imaging is tested on enucleated ex vivo porcine eyes, where structural features including remnant vitreous humor, retina, and choroid can be clearly distinguished. Due to its imaging quality comparable to a commercial OCT system and compatibility with the current ophthalmic surgery standard, the probe can potentially serve as a better alternative to traditional visual inspection by white light illumination during vitreoretinal surgery (e.g., vitrectomy).
Reovirus mRNA can be covalently crosslinked via the 5' cap to proteins in initiation complexes. (1977)

Proteins that are located adjacent to the 5' end of mRNA in initiation complexes have been detected by chemical crosslinking. Reovirus mRNA containing radioactivity exclusively in the [3H]methyl-labeled "cap," m7G(5')ppp(5')-Gm, was oxidized with sodium periodate to convert the 2',3'-cis-diol of the 5'-terminal m7G to a reactive dialdehyde. Oxidized mRNA was incubated in cell-free protein-synthesizing systems derived from wheat germ or mammalian cells, and the resulting mRNA-ribosome initiation complexes were reduced with NaBH3CN. By this chemical procedure, putative Schiff bases between mRNA 5'termini and amino groups of neighboring proteins were stabilized by reduction, yielding covalently linked protein-RNA conjugates. Under conditions of ribosome binding, a limited number of polypeptides associated with the mRNA-ribosome complexes were crosslinked, suggesting that these proteins are positioned near and may interact with the 5' end of mRNA during initiation. This method should also be useful for studying the spatial relationships between molecules in other similar nucleoprotein complexes.
PVD FOLLOWING PLASMIN BUT NOT HYALURONIDASE: Implications for Combination Pharmacologic Vitreolysis Therapy (2005)

In Brief Purpose: To study whether intravitreal injection of plasmin + hyaluronidase safely induces posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Methods: Rabbits were randomized into three groups: (A) 20 rabbits, intravitreal injection of plasmin 1 U + hyaluronidase 20 U in balanced salt solution (BSS) 0.1 mL into one eye; (B) 12 rabbits, plasmin alone; (C) 12 rabbits, hyaluronidase alone. The fellow eye of each rabbit was injected BSS 0.1 mL. In Group A, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done in four rabbits at 0.5 hour and in four rabbits at 1 hour. After 7 days, all the remaining 36 rabbits received electroretinography, SEM was examined in eight of each group, and immunohistochemistry was done in four of each group. Results: SEM disclosed the eyes of Group A had complete PVD (8/8), Group B partial PVD (7/8), and Group C (8/8) and all the control eyes (24/24) no PVD after 7 days. Partial PVD was found in 4/4 at 0.5 hour and complete PVD was seen in 3/4 at 1 hour in Group A. Immunohistochemistry showed that the amounts of laminin and fibronectin in the vitreoretinal interface were decreased in Group A and B versus the control eyes (P < 0.001), but not in Group C versus the control eyes (P > 0.05). Electroretinography showed no changes in any group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Vitreous injection of plasmin + hyaluronidase induced complete PVD with no obvious toxicity. Plasmin induced partial PVD, but hyaluronidase had no effects. Predictive visual outcome after macula-off retinal detachment surgery using optical coherence tomography.
MicroRNA-155 Exerts Cell-Specific Antiangiogenic but Proarteriogenic Effects During Adaptive Neovascularization (2015)

Our data demonstrate that miR-155 exerts an antiangiogenic but proarteriogenic function in the regulation of neovascularization via the suppression of divergent cell-specific target genes and that its expression in both endothelial and bone marrow-derived cells is essential for arteriogenesis in response to hindlimb ischemia in mice.
Lung Volume Dependence of Pharyngeal Cross-Sectional Area in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (1984)

We examined the relationship between lung volume and pharyngeal cross-sectional area in 9 obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea and 10 age-matched, obese subjects without sleep apnea. Pharyngeal area was measured in the upright, seated posture using an acoustic reflection technique. Measurements were made at a rate of 5 per second during a slow exhalation from total lung capacity (TLC) to residual volume (RV). In the control subjects, the mean +/- SE pharyngeal area was 5.6 +/- 0.2 cm2 at TLC, and decreased by 30 +/- 5% over the vital capacity range to 3.9 +/- 0.3 cm2 at RV. In contrast to the control subjects, in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, pharyngeal area was 5.0 +/- 0.2 cm2 at TLC, and decreased by 54 +/- 6% over the vital capacity range to 2.3 +/- 0.3 cm2 at RV. The difference in pharyngeal area between the patients and control subjects was significant at all lung volumes below TLC, as was the difference in the magnitude of change in pharyngeal area with change in lung volume. The results indicate that in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea, pharyngeal cross-sectional area is abnormally small, and varies considerably with changes in lung volume. The beneficial effects of weight reduction in such patients may relate to the coincident increase in functional residual capacity, causing an increase in upper airway size.
Identification of active loci of a human endogenous retrovirus in neurons of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2010)

We have identified a specific pattern of HERV-K expression in ALS, which may potentially define the pathophysiology of ALS. Targeting of activated genome-encoded retroviral elements may open new prospects for the treatment of ALS.
DRAM Refresh Mechanisms, Penalties, and Trade-Offs (2015)

Ever-growing application data footprints demand faster main memory with larger capacity. DRAM has been the technology choice for main memory due to its low latency and high density. However, DRAM cells must be refreshed periodically to preserve their content. Refresh operations negatively affect performance and power. Traditionally, the performance and power overhead of refresh have been insignificant. But as the size and speed of DRAM chips continue to increase, refresh becomes a dominating factor of DRAM performance and power dissipation. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive study of the issues related to refresh operations in modern DRAMs. Specifically, we describe the difference in refresh operations between modern synchronous DRAM and traditional asynchronous DRAM; the refresh modes and timings; and variations in data retention time. Moreover, we quantify refresh penalties versus device speed, size, and total memory capacity. We also categorize refresh mechanisms based on command granularity, and summarize refresh techniques proposed in research papers. Finally, based on our experiments and observations, we propose guidelines for mitigating DRAM refresh penalties.
DROPLET-BASED HOT SPOT COOLING USING TOPLESS DIGITAL MICROFLUIDICS ON A PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (2006)

Thermal management is a critical issue in integrated circuit (IC) design. With each new IC technology generation, feature sizes decrease, operating speeds increase, and package densities increase, contributing to larger power consumption and elevated die temperatures. Higher temperatures are detrimental to circuit behavior and reliability. Furthermore, hot spots due to spatially non-uniform heat flux in integrated circuits can cause physical stress and further reduce reliability. We have demonstrated a cooling method on a “digital microfluidics ?platform whereby discrete droplets are manipulated to adaptively cool simulated hotspots using microliter-sized droplets. Cooling droplets are actuated independently in user-defined patterns over an array of electrodes by electrowetting, eliminating the need for external pumps. We explore the cooling ability of these droplets by varying the temperature of the hot spot and the effective flow rate of the droplets. The results presented here suggest that digital microfluidics is an attractive platform for adaptive hot spot cooling.
The TSP50 gene is re-expressed in different types of human cancers (2011)

To examine the expression status of TSP50 in different types of human tumors. we tested the expression of TSP50 in Lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer by performing IHC assays technique. the expression of TSP50 in Lung cancer indicated that the positive rate was about 89%; the expression of TSP50 in stomach cancer the positive rate was about 88%; the expression of TSP50 in colon cancer the positive rate was about 94%; the expression of TSP50 in prostate cancer the positive rate was about 71% TSP50 is a cancer/testis antigen which expressed in different types of human tumors.
Stable, Monolayer-Protected Metal Alloy Clusters (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTStable, Monolayer-Protected Metal Alloy ClustersMichael J. Hostetler, Chuan-Jian Zhong, Brian K. H. Yen, Jim Anderegg, Stephen M. Gross, Neal D. Evans, Marc Porter, and Royce W. MurrayView Author Information Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290 Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011-3111 Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education P.O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 36, 9396–9397Publication Date (Web):August 28, 1998Publication History Received27 April 1998Published online28 August 1998Published inissue 1 September 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja981454nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja981454nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2405Altmetric-Citations233LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alloys,Gold,Metal clusters,Metals,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
Quantitative electrocorticographic biomarkers of clinical outcomes in mesial temporal lobe epileptic patients treated with the RNS® system (2019)

In MTL patients, the interictal spike rate along with spectral power computed from chronic ambulatory baseline ECoGs may serve as biomarkers of clinical outcomes and maybe used as treatment endpoints.
Micro- and Nanopatterning Techniques for Organic Electronic and Optoelectronic Systems (2007)

The use of organic compounds as active materials in electronic and optoelectronic devices opens the door to a large number of efficient and potentially low-cost methods for fabricating useful, and, in some cases, complicated structures that are inaccessible by conventional methods using conventional semiconductors. The techniques available for processing and patterning organic materials move far beyond the lithographic methods that govern inorganic devices. This paper discusses the use of a range of processes that are unique to organic materials, including embossing, imprint lithography and capillary molding and printing, using a range of different stamping approaches.
Autoimmune Enteropathy (1999)

Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is an entity reported primarily in infancy, resulting in intractable diarrhea and associated with small bowel villous atrophy and the presence of circulating anti-enterocyte (AEA) antibodies. It is a multisystem disorder with a response, in many cases, to immunosuppressive therapy.
Association of progesterone receptor gene polymorphism (PROGINS) with endometriosis, uterine fibroids and breast cancer (2007)

Endometriosis, uterine fibroids and breast cancer are female health disorders associated with a great deal of morbidity. Since all these disorders are hormone responsive, our present study has been carried out to identify the association of 306bp Alu insertion polymorphism in intron 7 of progesterone receptor gene (PROGINS). DNA was isolated from the blood samples of 445 Asian Indian women, which included 100 endometriosis, 80 fibroids and 157 cases of breast cancer along with 108 age matched normal healthy women as controls. PROGINS polymorphism was assessed by PCR followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results showed that T2 allele frequency is 5%, 10% and 14.6% in endometriosis, uterine fibroids and breast cancer, as compared to 5.5% in controls. This indicates that PROGINS can be considered as a predisposing risk marker for breast cancer but not for endometriosis and uterine fibroids.
Capsaicin, a Component of Red Peppers, Inhibits the Growth of Androgen-Independent, p53 Mutant Prostate Cancer Cells (2006)

Capsaicin is the major pungent ingredient in red peppers. Here, we report that it has a profound antiproliferative effect on prostate cancer cells, inducing the apoptosis of both androgen receptor (AR)-positive (LNCaP) and -negative (PC-3, DU-145) prostate cancer cell lines associated with an increase of p53, p21, and Bax. Capsaicin down-regulated the expression of not only prostate-specific antigen (PSA) but also AR. Promoter assays showed that capsaicin inhibited the ability of dihydrotestosterone to activate the PSA promoter/enhancer even in the presence of exogenous AR in LNCaP cells, suggesting that capsaicin inhibited the transcription of PSA not only via down-regulation of expression of AR, but also by a direct inhibitory effect on PSA transcription. Capsaicin inhibited NF-kappa activation by preventing its nuclear migration. In further studies, capsaicin inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated degradation of IkappaBalpha in PC-3 cells, which was associated with the inhibition of proteasome activity. Taken together, capsaicin inhibits proteasome activity which suppressed the degradation of IkappaBalpha, preventing the activation of NF-kappaB. Capsaicin, when given orally, significantly slowed the growth of PC-3 prostate cancer xenografts as measured by size [75 +/- 35 versus 336 +/- 123 mm(3) (+/-SD); P = 0.017] and weight [203 +/- 41 versus 373 +/- 52 mg (+/-SD); P = 0.0006; capsaicin-treated versus vehicle-treated mice, respectively]. In summary, our data suggests that capsaicin, or a related analogue, may have a role in the management of prostate cancer.
Biology of presenilins as causative molecules for Alzheimer disease (1999)

Many missense mutations in the presenilins are associated with autosomal dominant forms of familial Alzheimer disease (AD). Presenilin genes encode polytopic transmembrane proteins, which are processed by proteolytic cleavage and form high-molecular-weight complexes under physiological conditions. The presenilins have been suggested to be functionally involved in developmental morphogenesis, apoptosis signal pathways, and processing of selected proteins including beta-amyloid precursor protein. Although the underlying mechanism in which presenilin mutations lead to development of AD remains elusive, one consistent mutational effect is an overproduction of long-tailed amyloid beta-peptides. Furthermore, presenilins interact with beta-catenin to form presenilin complexes and presenilin mutations effect beta-catenin signalling pathways.
Biomarkers of Heart Failure (2010)

Biomarkers can provide insights into underlying mechanisms and lead to better understanding of complex disease states. This enhanced understanding can then be integrated into disease management, which can lead to better therapies and ultimately to improved patient outcomes. The natriuretic peptides (NPs) are established cost-effective biomarkers in heart failure and have set the standard for how a well-validated biomarker can be useful in the diagnosis/prognosis, monitoring of response to therapy, and management of chronic disease. Newer biomarkers such as midregional pro-adrenomedullin, ST2, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin are emerging as adjuncts to NPs in the management of heart failure patients.
Complications of intracranial pressure monitoring in children with head trauma (2004)

In this retrospective cohort of pediatric patients with TBI, complication rates were significantly higher in those receiving EVDs than in those in whom fiberoptic monitors were placed. Although the majority of these complications did not entail clinical sequelae, surgeons should be aware of the different complication rates when choosing the most appropriate device for each patient.
Activation of a bis(phenoxy-amine) precatalyst for olefin polymerisation: first evidence for an outer sphere ion pair with the methylborate counterion (2009)

A bis(phenoxy-amine)ZrMe(2) complex (1) was synthesized and activated with B(C(6)F(5))(3) obtaining an ion pair (2) having the MeB(C(6)F(5))(3)(-) counterion in the second coordination sphere as deduced by NMR studies. Both DFT calculations and NMR investigations suggest that the activation is coupled with a change of the binding modality of the tetradentate ligand from cis(N,N)-trans(O,O) in the octahedral dimethyl precursor to 1 cis(N, N)-cis(O,O) in the ion pair 2.