gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of Mumps Virus V Protein with RACK1 Results in Dissociation of STAT-1 from the Alpha Interferon Receptor Complex (2002)

It has been reported that mumps virus protein V or the C-terminal Cys-rich region of protein V (Vsp) is associated with blocking of the interferon (IFN) signal transduction pathway through a decrease in STAT-1 production. The intracellular target of the V protein was investigated by using a two-hybrid screening system with Vsp as bait. Full-length V protein and Vsp were able to bind to RACK1, and the interaction did not require two WD domains, WD1 and WD2, in RACK1. A significant interaction between V protein and RACK1 was also demonstrated in cells persistently infected with mumps virus (FLMT cells), and the formation of the complex was not affected by treatment with IFN. On the other hand, in uninfected cells, STAT-1 was associated with the long form of the beta subunit of the alpha IFN receptor, and this association was mediated by the function of RACK1 as an adaptor protein. Immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments revealed that the association of RACK1 or mumps virus V protein with the IFN receptor was undetectable in mumps virus-infected cells. Furthermore, RACK1 interacted with mumps virus V protein with a higher affinity than STAT-1 did. Therefore, it is suggested that mumps virus V protein has the ability to interact strongly with RACK1 and consequently to bring about the disruption of the complex formed from STAT-1, RACK1, and the IFN receptor.
Evaluation of individual subjects in the analog classroom setting: II. Effects of dose of amphetamine (Adderall). (1998)

Multiple dependent variables were graphed for 29 subjects who participated in a double-blind evaluation of 4 doses of Adderall, plus positive (methylphenidate) and placebo control conditions. Five judges ranked the conditions for each subject, and analyses of individual subjects indicated that these rankings were concordant (reliable) across judges. Consensus rankings were assigned to each subject, and an analysis of these ranks showed that the conditions differed significantly. The choice of best conditions were judged to be across 3 doses of Adderall (10, 15, and 20 mg). This confirms the clinical impression of individual differences in optimal dose of stimulant medication. The methodological, graphical, and statistical methods presented in this article provide a systematic, reliable procedure for evaluating relative response of individuals to different doses of stimulant medication.
Urodynamische Überprüfung der Neuraltherapie bei motorischer und sensorischer Reizblase (1982)

We treated 10 patients with motor or sensory urgency by paraurethral injection of a local anesthetic. After clinical and urodynamic work-up we applied 2.5 ml of 1% lidocain solution with Kollidon to delay absorption (Xyloneural) transvaginally to the right and left of the urethro-vesical junction. Each treatment cycle consisted of 3 injections with 2-week intervals between injections. 2 weeks after the last injection a repeat urodynamic investigation was done. All patients were improved by therapy: after the 3rd injection 3/10 women were free of symptoms, 6/10 women reported marked improvement, and one woman slight improvement of the symptoms of urgency and frequency. The mean bladder volume at the first sensation to void increased significantly after neural therapy (p = 0.02); other urodynamic parameters were not affected by neural therapy. No side effects were observed. We conclude that the paraurethral injection of a local anaesthetic is a simple and effective treatment in motor and sensory urgency.
Second law of thermodynamics is ingrained within quantum mechanics (2018)

We show that the second law of thermodynamics is rooted in quantum mechanics, inasmuch as allowing the substitution of the Boltzmann constant k and temperature with respectively the Planck constant and quantum numbers. In particular, we will see that the entropy S becomes proportional to the natural logarithm of the average of the squared quantum numbers n2‾, where each quantum number is associated with a quantum state of the constituents of the thermodynamical system under consideration. It is important to stress that the present approach furnishes the corrected Boltzmann entropy expression. Thus, instead of S=klnΩ, with Ω in the former signifying the number of Boltzmann microstates, we land at S=klnn2‾ The results obtained are discussed.
Combination therapy with interferon plus ribavirin for the initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C. (1999)

The limited efficacy of alpha interferon (IFN) monotherapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has led to the investigation of alternative treatment approaches, including combining interferons with other antiviral agents. In several small, pilot studies, the combination of IFN plus ribavirin was significantly more effective than IFN monotherapy for the initial treatment of HCV. The encouraging results from these studies provided the rationale for conducting two (one US, one International) large, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of IFN plus ribavirin therapy for the initial treatment of HCV patients. Of patients receiving therapy [corrected] for 24 weeks, 31% (US) and 35% (International) achieved sustained virologic remission with interferon plus ribavirin [corrected], compared with only 6% (US) receiving interferon [corrected] plus placebo. Sustained virologic response rates were improved in patients treated for 48 weeks (interferon plus ribavirin, 38% [US]; 43% [International] compared to interferon plus placebo, 13% [US]; 19% [International]) [corrected]. Improvement was also observed in terms of biochemical and histologic end points in those receiving combination therapy. Pretreatment variables (HCV genotype, viral burden, stage of fibrosis) were less important as predictors of treatment outcome in patients receiving combination therapy. The safety profile of combination therapy reflected the individual safety profiles of IFN and ribavirin, without synergism. Combination therapy with IFN plus ribavirin was more effective than IFN monotherapy for the initial treatment of HCV in terms of virologic, biochemical, and histologic end points. The combination appears to be well tolerated with a predictable safety profile.
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) (2005)

From the Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY. Supported, in part, by grants from The North Shore-LIJ GCRC, M01 RR018535, and from NIH NIGMS (KJT). The authors have consulted for and received grants from Critical Therapeutics. They have also received and have grants pending.
Pesticides for Turfgrass Pest Management: Uses and Environmental Issues (1999)

Given the pest complex which may damage turfgrass, a variety of pesticides may be used to promote turf health. Insecticides such as acephate, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, halofenozide, imidacloprid, and spinosad may be applied to control soil inhabiting or surface feeding insects. Broadleaf and annual grass weeds may be controlled with such herbicides as 2,4-D, pendimethalin, triclopyr, and oxadiazon. Fungicides such as azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, fenarimol, or triadimefon may be employed for fungal pests. Aspects of the chemical control paradigm for turf pest management will be examined. Pesticides for turfgrass pest management are selectively applied to achieve turf protection yet minimize potential environmental impacts. Environmental assessments of existing and new products for use on turf require generation of data related to persistence, mobility (leaching, surface runoff, volatility), bioavailability, and ecological impact. Research programs and approaches for environmental assessment of turfgrass pesticides will be reviewed. Finally, case study examples regarding research that may be associated with an existing turf pesticide product as well as research required for development of a new pesticide for the turf market will be examined.
On the interpretation of biochemical data by molecular dynamics computer simulation (1992)

The application of computer simulation to molecular systems of biochemical interest is reviewed. It is shown that computer simulation is a tool complementary to experimental methods, which can be used to access atomic details inaccessible to experimental probes. Examples are given in which computer simulation augments the experimental information by providing an atomic picture of high resolution with respect to space, energy or time. The usefulness of a computer simulation largely depends on its quality. The most important factors that limit the accuracy of simulated results are discussed. The accuracy of different simulation studies can differ by orders of magnitude. The accuracy will depend on the type of biomolecular system and process studied. It will also depend on the choice of force field, the simulation set-up and the protocol that is used. A list of quality-determining factors is given, which may be useful when interpreting simulation studies appearing in the literature.
Glutamic acid‐112 of the A subunit of heat‐labile enterotoxin from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is important for ADP‐ribosyltransferase activity (1991)

A mutant strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli pTUH 6A) produced an abnormal heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), the A subunit of which has a single amino acid substitution at position 112 (Glu-112 to Lys-112). As already reported, this mutant LT had no ileal loop and vascular permeability activities [(1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 22520-22525]. In this paper we report that the mutant LT showed no CHO cell elongation activity and did not activate adenylate cyclase of target cells. Moreover, no ADP-ribosyltransferase activity was detected in the mutant LT. It is concluded that the amino acid substitution at position 112 abolished the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of the A subunit and this leads to the loss of toxic activities of LT.
Secretion of metalloproteinases by stimulated capillary endothelial cells. II. Expression of collagenase and stromelysin activities is regulated by endogenous inhibitors. (1986)

Rabbit brain capillary endothelial cells treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate produce the metalloproteinases, procollagenase and prostromelysin, as up to 20% of their total secreted protein. However, little or no catalytic activity of these enzymes can be found after treatment with either trypsin or an organomercurial agent, which are able to activate the proenzymes in the medium from stimulated rabbit fibroblasts. We now have shown that enzyme activities of procollagenase and prostromelysin are revealed after conditioned medium is analyzed by gel filtration chromatography or by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-substrate gels. In both systems, the metalloproteinases were separated from metalloproteinase inhibitors. The major inhibitor of Mr = 30,000 from capillary endothelial cells was immunologically identical with the rabbit tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Two additional inhibitors of metalloproteinases at Mr = 22,000 and 19,000 were also observed. Inhibitors were present in the conditioned medium from rabbit fibroblasts in much lower quantities and were also qualitatively different. When gel filtration chromatography was used to remove the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases from medium conditioned by stimulated capillary endothelial cells, both activatable procollagenase and prostromelysin were readily demonstrable. These data suggest that endogenous inhibitors regulate the expression of metalloproteinases secreted by endothelial cells.
Stem cells in the dog heart are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent and regenerate infarcted myocardium, improving cardiac function (2005)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the heart in large mammals contains cardiac progenitor cells that regulate organ homeostasis and regenerate dead myocardium after infarction. We report that the dog heart possesses a cardiac stem cell pool characterized by undifferentiated cells that are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent. These clonogenic cells and early committed progeny possess a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-c-Met and an insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-IGF-1 receptor system that can be activated to induce their migration, proliferation, and survival. Therefore, myocardial infarction was induced in chronically instrumented dogs implanted with sonomicrometric crystals in the region of the left ventricular wall supplied by the occluded left anterior descending coronary artery. After infarction, HGF and IGF-1 were injected intramyocardially to stimulate resident cardiac progenitor cells. This intervention led to the formation of myocytes and coronary vessels within the infarct. Newly generated myocytes expressed nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins specific of cardiomyocytes: MEF2C was detected in the nucleus, whereas alpha-sarcomeric actin, cardiac myosin heavy chain, troponin I, and alpha-actinin were identified in the cytoplasm. Connexin 43 and N-cadherin were also present. Myocardial reconstitution resulted in a marked recovery of contractile performance of the infarcted heart. In conclusion, the activation of resident primitive cells in the damaged dog heart can promote a significant restoration of dead tissue, which is paralleled by a progressive improvement in cardiac function. These results suggest that strategies capable of activating the growth reserve of the myocardium may be important in cardiac repair after ischemic injury.
Carotenoid S1 State in a Recombinant Light-Harvesting Complex of Photosystem II (2001)

The carotenoid species lutein, violaxanthin, and zeaxanthin are crucial in the xanthophyll-dependent nonphotochemical quenching occurring in photosynthetic systems of higher plants, since they are involved in dissipation of excess energy and thus protect the photosynthetic machinery from irreversible inhibition. Nonetheless, important properties of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids, such as the energy of their S(1) electronic states, are difficult to study and were only recently determined in organic solvents [Polívka, T. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 4914. Frank, H. A. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 2831]. In the present study, we have determined the S(1) energies of three carotenoid species, violaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin, in their LHCII (peripheral light-harvesting complex of photosystem II) protein environment by constructing recombinant Lhcb1 (Lhc = light-harvesting complex) proteins containing single carotenoid species. Within experimental error the S(1) energy is the same for all three carotenoids in the monomeric LHCII, 13,900 +/- 300 cm(-1) (720 +/- 15 nm), thus well below the Q(y)() transitions of chlorophylls. In addition, we have found that, although the S(1) lifetimes of violaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin differ substantially in solution, when incorporated into the LHCII protein, their S(1) states have in fact the same lifetime of about 11 ps. Despite the similar spectroscopic properties of the carotenoids bound to the LHCII, we observed a maximal fluorescence quenching when zeaxanthin was present in the LHCII complex. On the basis of these observations, we suggest that, rather than different photochemical properties of individual carotenoid species, changes in the protein conformation induced by binding of carotenoids with distinct molecular structures are involved in the quenching phenomena associated with Lhc proteins.
Compact Nano-Electro-Mechanical Non-Volatile Memory (NEMory) for 3D Integration (2007)

A new electro-mechanical non-volatile memory (NVM) cell design is proposed and demonstrated for the first time. The fabricated cells operate with relatively low program/erase voltages and large sensing margin. Because only dielectric and metal layers are required, this cell design is suitable for post-CMOS fabrication. As the cell area is reduced, low operating voltages can be maintained by scaling the vertical dimensions of the cell. Nanometer-scale electro-mechanical memory technology is therefore attractive for high-density embedded memory applications.
Translational Energy Selection of Molecular Precursors to Oxygen Adsorption on Pt(111) (1998)

Adsorption intermediates of oxygen on a platinum (111) surface were examined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and molecular beams. Low incident kinetic energies promote initial adsorption into both a superoxolike $(870\mathrm{cm}{}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$ and peroxolike $(690\mathrm{cm}{}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$ molecular surface species at 77 K. High incident energies, however, exclusively populate the more strongly bound peroxolike species, suggesting a close correlation between incident kinetic energy and the reaction coordinate for adsorption. This investigation directly verifies surface intermediates in high kinetic energy adsorption and provides evidence of translational energy affecting adsorption product distribution.
Virology: directory & dictionary of animal, bacterial, and plant viruses (1989)

The importance of viruses in animal and plant life has been increasingly realized and understood in recent years, and the need for accurate information is paramount for those working in virology and in allied areas such as agriculture, medicine and veterinary sciences. This comprehensive dictionary describes all known viruses of animal and plants. It describes terms commonly used in virology as well as cell lines and chemicals used in organizations and the techniques applied in this work. Equations, formulae and definitions of units commonly met with in virology are covered. The entries are listed alphabetically.
Gene expression in osteoblastic cells. (1991)

Osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells, synthesize the macromolecules of the bone matrix including: type I collagen; osteocalcin; osteonectin; osteopontin; proteoglycan I and II; bone sialoprotein; matrix gla-protein; bone glycoprotein 75; several other proteins, which have not been extensively characterized; growth factors, including transforming growth factor beta and fibroblast growth factor. Osteoblasts also have high levels of the membrane-bound enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, which plays a role in matrix mineralization, and receptors for tissue-specific hormones, such as parathyroid hormone, as well as many other hormones, cytokines and growth factors, which regulate bone growth, differentiation and metabolism. The expression of these various proteins, most of which are not unique to bone but which together characterize the bone phenotype, is induced during osteoblastic differentiation in a stepwise fashion, suggestive of multiple regulatory factors. The detailed sequence of the expression of osteoblastic genes in situ has not been fully characterized. It appears that type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase are expressed early during the commitment to the osteoblastic phenotype, whereas osteopontin and osteocalcin appear late during osteoblastic differentiation. Diversity among "osteoblastic" cells is also apparent, probably not all osteoblastic cells express all the features. A large number of osteoblastic models are currently available to study the expression of osteoblast-related genes in vitro. These include primary cultures from calvaria or trabecular bone from several species, including humans, osteosarcoma-derived cell lines, and experimentally immortalized cells. Some of these in vitro models, especially the calvaria-derived cultures, undergo changes which mimic osteoblastic differentiation in vivo. The study of these and other cell models started providing insights into the regulation of gene expression in osteoblastic cells. In addition to a vast body of information on the conditions required for the expression of various proteins in culture and their regulation by hormones and growth factors, more detailed information on specific genes has recently been obtained. For example, regulation of type I collagen gene expression has been studied in osteosarcoma cell lines where 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 was shown to act via specific DNA segment(s) in the 5' flanking region of the gene, while parathyroid hormone affected gene expression by altering the stability of the transcripts. TGF beta 1, which stimulates osteogenesis, was shown to promote the transcription of osteopontin and type I collagen, the latter effect requiring the binding site for the transactivating protein, nuclear factor I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Semiconductor laser phase-noise cancellation using an electrical feed-forward scheme (2009)

We demonstrate the reduction of semiconductor laser phase noise by using an electrical feed-forward scheme. We have carried out proof-of-concept experiments on a commercially available distributed-feedback laser emitting at the 1550 nm communication band. The preliminary results show more than 20 times reduction in the phase-noise power spectrum. The feed-forward scheme does not have the limited bandwidth, stability, and speed issues that are common in feedback systems. Moreover, in the absence of electronic noise, feed-forward can completely cancel the close-in phase noise. In this scheme, the ultimate achievable phase noise will be limited by the electronics noise. Using the proposed feed-forward approach, the linewidth of semiconductor lasers can be reduced by 3-4 orders of magnitude in a monolithic approach using today's low-noise scaled transistors with terahertz gain-bandwidth product.
Substituent effects on the redox chemistry of anthracycline antitumor drugs (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituent effects on the redox chemistry of anthracycline antitumor drugsMarybeth Boldt, Giorgio Gaudiano, and Tad H. KochCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 11, 2146–2153Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00387a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00387a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Combinatorial Libraries for Studying Molecular Recognition (1999)

Combinatorial libraries have great potential for studying biomolecular recognition. They consist of large numbers of structurally diverse compounds which can be generated rapidly. The key to their use is in the development of selection assays which allow the most active compounds to be identified. The most commonly used selection procedures are based on binding, the compound(s) with the highest affinity being isolated and identified. In this report some fundamental questions concerning the assaying of libraries on solid supports by enzyme catalysis are addressed.