gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[A hepatitis non-A, non-B-associated substance in the feces--identification and cloning of a partially double-stranded circular DNA]. (1988)

By means of a radioimmunoassay a substance excreted in feces could be detected in patients with hepatitis non-A,non-B (HNANB). Feces extracts of patients with sporadic and posttransfusion HNANB as well as of healthy persons were precipitated with PEG, digested with RNase and DNase and separated on CsCl. In HNANB-patients a RIA-positive material with a density of 1.3 g/ml CsCl could be detected which contained a partially double-stranded circular DNA. Cloning of this DNA in lambda-phase resulted in DNA of about 5 Kb, which hybridized with feces DNA under stringent conditions. The 5 Kb-DNA were mapped with different restriction enzymes. A 1.5 Kb EcoRi-fragment cross-hybridizes with HBV-DNA. No hybridization and sequence homologies were found with human, viral and procaryotic DNA as well as with plasmid and phage DNA (data base EMBL, Heidelberg). It is assumed that the DNA excreted in feces of HNANB-patients represents a viral genome not detected so far.
Nanoswitch-linked immunosorbent assay (NLISA) for fast, sensitive, and specific protein detection (2017)

Protein detection and quantification play critical roles in both basic research and clinical practice. Current detection platforms range from the widely used ELISA to more sophisticated, and more expensive, approaches such as digital ELISA. Despite advances, there remains a need for a method that combines the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of ELISA with the sensitivity and speed of modern approaches in a format suitable for both laboratory and rapid, point-of-care applications. Building on recent developments in DNA structural nanotechnology, we introduce the nanoswitch-linked immunosorbent assay (NLISA), a detection platform based on easily constructed DNA nanodevices that change conformation upon binding to a target protein with the results read out by gel electrophoresis. NLISA is surface-free and includes a kinetic-proofreading step for purification, enabling both enhanced sensitivity and reduced cross-reactivity. We demonstrate femtomolar-level detection of prostate-specific antigen in biological fluids, as well as reduced cross-reactivity between different serotypes of dengue and also between a single-mutation and wild-type protein. NLISA is less expensive, uses less sample volume, is more rapid, and, with no washes, includes fewer hands-on steps than ELISA, while also achieving superior sensitivity. Our approach also has the potential to enable rapid point-of-care assays, as we demonstrate by performing NLISA with an iPad/iPhone camera for imaging.
Impact of the slope angle of hummocks on the ride-up of finger ice in the Liaohe Estuary (2013)

海冰的缩上去和连环相撞在海洋的结构的冰负担上有效果。缩上去角度是一个重要参数学习缩上去的过程并且决定缩上去的可能性发生。关于缩上去角度的一些结论在这份报纸基于地调查数据被得出。有完整的结构的三十小丘，由 0.41.6 厘米冰层形成了，在 Liaodong 的北方的 Liaohe 河口被调查海湾。在分析连环相撞身体的剖面图以后，缩上去角度上的一些结论被得出。结果显示缩上去是否发生，与小丘的斜坡角度被联系。如果斜坡角度比 10.31 朠癯牥楮杮攠畱瑡潩大？
Integrated photonic circuit in silicon on insulator for Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (2010)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a medical imaging technology capable of producing high-resolution, cross-sectional images through inhomogeneous samples, such as biological tissue. It has been widely adopted in clinical ophthalmology and a number of other clinical applications are in active research. Other applications of OCT include material characterization and non-destructive testing. In addition to current uses, OCT has a potential for a much wider range of applications and further commercialization. One of the reasons for slow penetration of OCT in clinical and industrial use is probably the cost and the size of the current systems. Current commercial and research OCT systems are fiber/free space optics based. Although fiber and micro-optical components have made these systems portable, further significant miniaturization and cost reduction could be achieved through the use of integrated photonic components. We demonstrate a Michelson interferometer using integrated photonic waveguides on nanophotonic silicon on insulator platform. The size of the interferometer is 1500 mu m x 50 mu m. The structure has been tested using a mirror as a reflector. We can achieve 40 mu m axial resolution and 25 dB sensitivity which can be substantially improved.
PCR Applications: Protocols for Functional Genomics (1999)

Key Concepts for PCR: M. Innis and D. Gelfand, Optimization of PCR: Conversations between Michael and David. J.J. Sninsky, The Convergence of PCR, Computers, and the Human Genome Project: Past, Present and Future. R.D. Abramson, Thermostable DNA Polymerases: An Update. B.R. Bloom, Musings on Microbial Genomes. E.M. Beasley, R.M. Myers, D.R. Cox, and L.C. Lazzeroni, Statistical Refinement of Primer Design Parameters. G. Zangenberg, R. Saiki, Multiplex PCR: Optimization Guidelines. R. Wagner and A.D. Dean, The Use of Immobilized Mismatch Binding Protein for the Optimization of PCR Fidelity. M.A. Northrup, L.A. Christel, W.A. McMillan, K. Petersen, F. Pourhamadi, L. Western, S. Young, A New Generation of PCR Instruments and Nucleic Acid Concentration Systems. J.M. Kelley and J. Quackenbush, Sequencing PCR Products. T.W. Myers, Recent Advances in High-Temperature Reverse Transcription and PCR. S. Kaye, Viral Genotyping by a Quantitative Point Mutation Assay: Application to HIV-1 Drug Resistance. J.R. Hully, In Situ PCR. Quantitative PCR: D.B. Bubois, C.R. WalkerPeach, M.M. Winkler, and B.L. Pasloske, Standards for PCR Assays. C.T. Wittwer and M.G. Herrmann, Rapid Thermal Cycling and PCR Kinetics. A.L.Hayward, P.J. Oefner, D.B. Kainer, C.A. Hinojos, and P.A. Doris, Kinetics of Competitive Reverse Transcriptase-PCR. R. Higuchi and R. Watson, Kinetic PCR Analysis Using a CCD Camera and without Using Oligonucleotide Probes. S.-Y.P. Chang, Quantification of Telomerase Activity Using Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol. Gene Discovery: K. Giese, H. Xin, J.C. Stephans, and X. Duan, Differential Display. P.S. Nelson, Single-Cell cDNA Libraries. J. Snider, Whole Cell Assays. F. Mathieu-Daude, N. Benson, F. Kullmann, R. Honeycutt, M. McClelland, and J. Welsh, Screening Differentially Displayed PCR Products by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Gels. Y. Oh and L. Mao, Microsatellite Protocols. P.M. Williams and A.L. Tucker, Real-Time Quantitative PCR: Uses in Discovery Research. A.-L. Reysenbach and C. Vetriani, Homology Cloning: A Molecular Taxonomy of the Archaea. F. Randazzo, Cloning Mammalian Homologs of Drosophila Genes. T.Seeley, Cloning Human Homologs of Yeast Genes. Genomics and Expression Profiling: J.J. Kang and M.J. Holland, Cellular Transcriptome Analysis Using a Kinetic PCR Assay. M. Schena and R.W. Davis, Parallel Analysis with Biological Chips. A.O. Schmitt, R. Herwig, S. Meier-Ewert, and H. Lehrach, High Density cDNA Grids for Hybridization Fingerprinting Experiments. K. Chin and J.W. Gray, Comparative Genomic Hybridization. T. Ferea, B. Dunn, D. Botstein, and P. Brown, Genetic Footprinting and Fucntional Maps of the Yeast Genome. N.L. Simone, J.Y. Lee, M. Huckabee, K.A. Cole, R.F. Chaqui, C. Seshandri, B. Bonner, L.A. Liotta, and M.R. Emmert-Buck, Molecular Analysis of Microdissected Tissue: Laser Capture Microdissection. T. Pastinen, A.-C. Syvanen, C. Moberg, G. Sitbon, and J. Lonngren, A Fluorescent, Multiplex Solid-Phase Mini Sequencing Method for Genotyping Cytochrome P450 Genes. M.A.D. Brow, The Cleavase Enzyme for Mutation and Polymorphism Scanning. Index.
Na+ transport in cystic fibrosis respiratory epithelia. Abnormal basal rate and response to adenylate cyclase activation. (1986)

The transepithelial potential difference (PD) of cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelium is abnormally raised and the Cl- permeability is low. We studied the contribution of active Na+ absorption to the PD and attempted to increase the Cl- permeability of CF epithelia. Nasal epithelia from CF and control subjects were mounted in Ussing chambers and were short-circuited. The basal rate of Na+ absorption was raised in CF polyps compared with control tissues. Whereas beta agonists induced Cl- secretion in normal and atopic epithelia, beta agonists further increased the rate of Na+ absorption in CF epithelia without inducing Cl- secretion. This unusual effect is not due to an abnormal CF beta receptor because similar effects were induced by forskolin, and because cAMP production was similar in normal and CF epithelia. We conclude that CF airway epithelia absorb Na+ at an accelerated rate. The abnormal response to beta agonists may reflect a primary abnormality in a cAMP-modulated path, or a normal cAMP-modulated process in a Cl- impermeable epithelial cell.
Recovery processes for biological materials (1993)

An introduction to biological products, C.J. Gray stability and stabilization of proteins during extraction, separation and purification, C.J. Gray cell wall disruption, F.A.P. Garcia filtration, H. Pinheiro and J.M.S. Cabral sedimentation, H. Pinheiro and J.M.S. Cabral centrifugation, H. Pinheiro and J.M.S. Cabral membrane separation processes, M. Mateus, et al liquid-liquid extraction, M.R. Aires-Barros and J.M.S. Cabral reversed micelles in liquid-liquid extraction of biomolecules, J.M.S. Cabral liquid-liquid extraction of biomolecules, J.M.S. Cabral protein precipitation, F.A.P. Garcia sorption processes, M.G. Roig chromatography, F.A.P. Garcia and E.M.V. Pires electrode kinetics, M.G. Roig crystallization, J.F. Kennedy, et al drying, M.A. Hossain and J.F. Kennedy process synthesis W.R. Bowen.
E1A oncogene expression level in sarcoma cells: an independent determinant of cytolytic susceptibility and tumor rejection. (1993)

Ad2/5 E1A oncogene expression induces cytolytic susceptibility of rodent cells to natural killer lymphocytes. To determine whether the requisite thresholds of E1A oncoprotein expression differ for induction of cytolytic susceptibility as compared with other E1A-related activities, sarcoma cells expressing low or normal levels of E1A oncoproteins were compared for differences in morphological transformation, transactivation of viral genes, cytolytic susceptibility and tumorigenicity. Low-level E1A expression transformed sarcoma cells and transactivated the Ad5 E2A gene but did not induce the increased cytolytic susceptibility observed with normal levels of E1A expression. Furthermore, low-level E1A expressers retained the tumorigenicity of parental cells, whereas normal-level expressers were non-tumorigenic in hosts with intact natural killer (NK)-cell responses. In contrast to E1A, E1B oncogene expression caused no changes in morphological, cytolytic or tumorigenic phenotypes in these sarcoma cells. These data define an expression threshold for E1A-induced cytolytic susceptibility and associated NK-cell-dependent tumor rejection. The results suggest that the cellular mechanisms involved in E1A induction of cytolytic susceptibility differ from those involved in E1A-mediated cellular transformation and viral gene transactivation.
Variable threshold voltage CMOS (VTCMOS) in series connected circuits (2002)

Characteristics of variable threshold voltage CMOS (VTCMOS) in series connected circuits are investigated by means of device simulation. It is found that the performance degradation due to the body effect in series connected circuits is suppressed by utilizing VTCMOS. Lowering the threshold voltage (V/sub th/) enhances the drive current and alleviates the degradation due to the series connected configuration. Therefore, larger body effect factor (/spl gamma/) results in lower V/sub th/ and higher on-current even in the series connected circuits. These characteristics are attributed to the velocity saturation phenomenon which reduces the drain saturation voltage (V/sub dsat/).
A hybrid algorithm for the vehicle routing problem (2009)

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a metaheuristic method that inspired by the behavior of real ant colonies. In this paper, we propose a hybrid ACO algorithm for solving vehicle routing problem (VRP) heuristically in combination with an exact Algorithm to improve both the performance of the algorithm and the quality of solutions. In the basic VRP, geographically scattered customers of known demand are supplied from a single depot by a fleet of identically capacitated vehicles which are subject to architecture weight limit and, in some cases, to a limit on the distance traveled. Only one vehicle is allowed to supply each customer. The objective is to design least cost routes for the vehicles to service the customers. The intuition of the proposed algorithm is that nodes which are near to each other will probably belong to the same branch of the minimum spanning tree of the problem graph and thus will probably belong to the same route in VRP. In the proposed algorithm, in each iteration, we first apply a modified implementation of Prim's algorithm to the graph of the problem to obtain a feasible minimum spanning tree (MST) solution. Given a clustering of client nodes, the solution is to find a route in these clusters by using ACO with a modified version of transition rule of the ants. At the end of each iteration, ACO tries to improve the quality of solutions by using a local search algorithm, and update the associated weights of the graph arcs.
A rapid RT-PCR method for detection of intact RNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (1995)

Journal Article A rapid RT-PCR method for detection of intact RNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues Get access Yi-Hai Jiang, Yi-Hai Jiang Faculty of Nutrition, Molecular and Cell Biology Group, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX 77843-2471, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laurie A. Davidson, Laurie A. Davidson Faculty of Nutrition, Molecular and Cell Biology Group, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX 77843-2471, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joanne R. Lupton, Joanne R. Lupton Faculty of Nutrition, Molecular and Cell Biology Group, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX 77843-2471, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert S. Chapkin Robert S. Chapkin * Faculty of Nutrition, Molecular and Cell Biology Group, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX 77843-2471, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 23, Issue 15, 11 August 1995, Pages 3071–3072, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.15.3071 Published: 11 August 1995 Article history Received: 01 May 1995 Accepted: 27 June 1995 Published: 11 August 1995
Expression of the serine protease matriptase and its inhibitor HAI-1 in epithelial ovarian cancer: correlation with clinical outcome and tumor clinicopathological parameters. (2002)

Advanced-stage ovarian tumors that express matriptase are more likely to do so in the absence of its inhibitor, HAI-1, indicating that an imbalance in the matriptase:HAI-1 ratio could be important in the development of advanced disease. Such an imbalance could promote the proteolytic activity of matriptase and, consequently, a more invasive phenotype.
Fundamental Chemistry of U and Pu in the TBP-Dodecane-Nitric Acid System: Quarterly Report January - March, 2006 (2005)

The speciation of hexavalent U and tetravalent Pu will be examined in the Tributylphosphate (TBP)-dodecane-nitric acid systems. This topic is chosen based on data needs for separation modeling identified by the AFCI. Emphasis will be placed on studying the influence of nitrate and acetohydroxamic acid on U and Pu speciation as well as conditions where a third phase forms in the organic phase. The organic phase will be 30% TBP in dodecane. Equal volumes of aqueous and organic phase will be used. The speciation of the actinides in the aqueous and organic phase will be determined by a number of different spectroscopic and radiochemical techniques. Additionally the actinide distribution between the phases as a function of conditions will be determined. The project data will be incorporated into models to evaluate separations under a variety of conditions.\nThis quarter involved work on extraction samples containing two different uranium concentrations. The samples were analyzed for nitrate and uranium concentrations by IC (ion chromatography) and LSC (liquid scintillation counting), respectively. This data will be helpful in understanding how nitrate and uranium are distributing between the two phases and the dependence of this effect on total nitrate concentration.
Enhanced angiogenesis induced by diffusible angiogenic growth factors released from human dental pulp explants of orthodontically moved teeth (1998)

The aim of this study was to determine if diffusible angiogenic growth factors were released in human dental pulp during orthodontic tooth movement. These factors, if diffusible, could induce angiogenesis in other tissues, and may then be isolated and identified. The pulps from 14 premolar teeth treated with straight wire fixed orthodontic appliances for 2 weeks were compared with those of 14 untreated control premolar teeth from the same subjects. Following tooth extraction and sectioning, 1-mm horizontal sections of pulp tissue were embedded in collagen with 1-mm sections of rat aorta and co-cultured in growth media for up to 4 weeks. Sections of rat aorta alone were also cultured. Angiogenic changes in the form of microvessel growth were observed by light microscopy. Microvessel identification was confirmed by electron microscopy and by immunohistochemistry using staining for factor VIII-related antigen marker for endothelial cells. When compared at days 5, 10, and 14 of co-culture, the number of microvessels was significantly greater in the pulps from orthodontically moved teeth than in those from the control teeth. The number of rat aorta microvessels was also significantly greater when co-cultured with pulp from orthodontically moved teeth than with pulp from control teeth and when compared with control cultures of rat aorta alone. There were no significant differences in microvessel numbers between the rat aorta co-cultured with pulp from control teeth and control cultures of rat aorta alone. These results indicate an increase in angiogenic growth factors in the pulp of orthodontically moved teeth, and the enhanced response of the rat aorta when co-cultured with this pulp shows that these factors appear to be diffusible.
Measurement of intact human parathyrin by an extracting two-site immunoradiometric assay. (1987)

This is an immunoradiometric assay of intact human parathyrin, hPTH(1-84). One antibody, directed against the N-terminal part of the hormone, was produced in goats and conjugated covalently to cellulose particles. hPTH(1-84) and the N-terminal fragments were extracted from EDTA-treated plasma by these particles and thus concentrated. Another antibody, against synthetic hPTH(53-84), was raised in rabbits; this bound to the C-terminal part of the hormone. The final step was labeling the second free binding site of this antibody with 125I-labeled Tyr52-hPTH(53-84) and measuring the bound radioactivity. This assay can detect intact PTH in concentrations as low as 0.6 pmol/L (1.2 X 10(-16) mol per tube). The assay did not cross react with hPTH(1-34), hPTH(1-44), hPTH(28-48), hPTH(39-84), hPTH(44-68), or hPTH(53-84) in concentrations up to 6400 pmol/L. In 60 normal subjects, hPTH(1-84) concentrations ranged from 1.9 to 6.8 pmol/L; in 32 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, from 7.0 to 80 pmol/L. The hormone was not detected in four patients with hypoparathyroidism.
Association of the lethal yellow (Ay) coat color mutation with an ecotropic murine leukemia virus genome. (1983)

The dilute (d) coat color mutation on chromosome 9 is closely associated with an ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) genome [Jenkins, N.A., Copeland, N.G., Taylor, B.A. & Lee, B.K. (1981) Nature 293, 370-374]. DBA/2J mice homozygous for the reverse mutation to wild type at the dilute locus (d+2J) lack ecotropic virus-specific sequences, suggesting that the dilute mutation was caused by virus integration. In the experiments described here, we analyzed the ecotropic MuLV DNA content of mice that collectively carry 10 different alleles at the agouti coat color locus (of chromosome 2) to determine whether any of these alleles also are associated with ecotropic virus sequences. Of the 10 alleles analyzed, one allele, lethal yellow (Ay), which is carried congeneically and heterozygously on C57BL/6J, 129/Sv, and LT/Sv mice, was closely associated with an ecotropic MuLV provirus. The close association of this provirus with the Ay allele suggests that this mutation also may be caused by virus integration. Furthermore, this association may be useful for molecular cloning and characterizing the many alleles at this locus.
Optofluidics emerges from the laboratory (2008)

For centuries, the components in optical systems have been made from a variety of glasses and metals.More recently, however, they have been created from plastic and semiconductor materials.In other words, optical materials in general are solid in nature.Though prominent examples of fluid materials in optical systems exist (e.g., liquid crystals, dye lasers and liquid mirror telescopes), by comparison, they are not used extensively.The development of modern micro-and nanofluidics began in earnest about 15 years ago with the fabrication of microchip-based capillary electrophoresis systems and mass spectrometers.Since that time, the field has exploded to the point where microfluidic devices now can sort thousands of cells per minute, can perform highly parallel chemical synthesis with ease or can screen complex samples for large numbers of biological pathogens.The ability of microfluidic systems to handle this broad array of tasks so efficiently is largely because the flow within them is fundamentally more controllable than it is within macroscopic systems.A number of research groups have begun to develop modern-day versions of fluid-based optical systems incorporating micro-and nanofluidic technology.Over the past two or three years, these efforts have matured into a new research field that has come to be known as "optofluidics."In this article, we introduce, largely by way of example, this field.To do this, we begin by reviewing the advantages of macroscopic fluid-based optical systems and then introduce three examples of how these classical systems are being reinvented through the incorporation of microfluidic functionality. Macroscale opticsConsider the three prominent examples of fluid optics already mentioned: liquid crystals, dye lasers and liquid mirror telescopes.Liquid crystals are used extensively in displays and spatial light modulators.The relative ease with which they change macroscopic optical properties through microscopic rearrangement of their molecules in the presence of relatively low electric fields results from the fact that they are suspended in a liquid medium and, thus, have very little resistance to physical reorientation.In solids, where physical reorientation is impossible, it is difficult to obtain such a broad range of optical properties (e.g., refractive index) from a single material.This example also highlights a key
Orthogonal Approaches to the Simultaneous and Cascade Functionalization of Macromolecules Using Click Chemistry (2005)

The development of selective chemistries that are orthogonal to the diverse array of functional groups present in many polymeric systems is becoming an important tool for the synthesis and use of macromolecules in fields ranging from biomedical devices to nanotechnology. By combining copper-catalyzed cycloaddition chemistry with other synthetic transformations such as esterification, amidation, etc., highly efficient and modular simultaneous and cascade functionalization strategies have been developed. These single-step strategies for preparing multifunctional macromolecules represent a significant advance as compared to traditional multistep approaches, and the utility of these concepts is demonstrated by selective preparation of a diverse range of orthogonally functionalized vinyl polymers.