gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small‐Interfering‐RNA Expression in Cells Based on an Efficiently Constructed Dumbbell‐Shaped DNA (2004)

A dumbbell-shaped DNA, expected to be useful for gene therapy, was synthesized by using a novel method. The dumbbell-shaped vector (see picture) contains a small interfering RNA (siRNA) coding sequence, and the vector was used to investigate the RNA interference (RNAi) effect inside cells. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53445_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Vaccine implications of folate binding protein, a novel cytotoxic T lymphocyte-recognized antigen system in epithelial cancers. (1999)

The immune system can be efficiently stimulated and targeted to specific antigens expressed exclusively or preferentially by experimental cancers. The foremost limitations to extending this vaccine technology to the prevalent epithelial-derived cancers are the lack of: (a) identified tumor-associated antigens recognized by cellular immunity; (b) antigens expressed on the majority of tumor cells during disease progression; and (c) immunogenic CTL epitopes. To date, only HER-2/neu has been shown to be the source of naturally occurring, MHC-restricted, CTL-recognized peptides in epithelial tumors. In this study, we demonstrate that the human high-affinity folate binding protein (FBP), which is a source of antigenic peptides recognized in ovarian cancer, is also recognized in breast cancer. Both immunodominant E39 (FBP, 191-199) and subdominant E41 (FBP, 245-253) epitopes are presented by HLA-A2 in these cancers. These peptides are efficient at amplifying the response of tumor-associated lymphocyte populations in terms of lytic function, enhanced proliferation, and specific IFN-gamma release. On a per cell basis, tumor-associated lymphocytes stimulated with the FBP peptides exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity not only against peptide-loaded targets but also against FBP-expressing epithelial tumors of different histologies. Furthermore, FBP peptides induced E39-specific CTLs and E39- and E41-specific IFN-gamma and IP-10 secretion in certain healthy donors. The broad distribution of FBP among >90% of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas, as well as 20-50% of breast, lung, colorectal, and renal cell carcinomas, along with pronounced differential overexpression in malignant tissues compared with the extremely limited expression in normal epithelium, suggests the exciting potential of a widely applicable FBP-based vaccine in epithelial cancers.
Innate immunity and adjuvants (2011)

Innate immunity was for a long time considered to be non-specific because the major function of this system is to digest pathogens and present antigens to the cells involved in acquired immunity. However, recent studies have shown that innate immunity is not non-specific, but is instead sufficiently specific to discriminate self from pathogens through evolutionarily conserved receptors, designated Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Indeed, innate immunity has a crucial role in early host defence against invading pathogens. Furthermore, TLRs were found to act as adjuvant receptors that create a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, and to have important roles in the induction of adaptive immunity. This paradigm shift is now changing our thinking on the pathogenesis and treatment of infectious, immune and allergic diseases, as well as cancers. Besides TLRs, recent findings have revealed the presence of a cytosolic detector system for invading pathogens. I will review the mechanisms of pathogen recognition by TLRs and cytoplasmic receptors, and then discuss the roles of these receptors in the development of adaptive immunity in response to viral infection.
Escherichia coli DnaK protein possesses a 5'-nucleotidase activity that is inhibited by AppppA (1986)

AppppA and the DnaK protein have both been hypothesized to function in regulating the heat shock response of Escherichia coli. The proposals are that AppppA serves as a signal (alarmone) to turn on the heat shock response, whereas the DnaK protein is necessary to turn off the heat shock response. A simple model would be that the DnaK protein turns off the response by degrading AppppA. We disproved this model by demonstrating that the DnaK protein possesses a 5'-nucleotidase activity capable of degrading many cellular nucleotides but not AppppA. Although AppppA was not a substrate, it did inhibit the 5'-nucleotidase activity of the DnaK protein. This inhibition may be specific and have biological function since the mutant DnaK756 protein, which is defective in turning off the heat shock response, is partially desensitized to AppppA inhibition. These findings led us to consider other possible mechanisms for AppppA and the DnaK protein in heat shock regulation.
A service creation environment based on end to end composition of Web services (2005)

The demand for quickly delivering new applications is increasingly becoming a business imperative today. Application development is often done in an ad hoc manner, without standard frameworks or libraries, thus resulting in poor reuse of software assets. Web services have received much interest in industry due to their potential in facilitating seamless business-to-business or enterprise application integration. A web services composition tool can help automate the process, from creating business process functionality, to developing executable workflows, to deploying them on an execution environment. However, we find that the main approaches taken thus far to standardize and compose web services are piecemeal and insufficient. The business world has adopted a (distributed) programming approach in which web service instances are described using WSDL, composed into flows with a language like BPEL and invoked with the SOAP protocol. Academia has propounded the AI approach of formally representing web service capabilities in ontologies, and reasoning about their composition using goal-oriented inferencing techniques from planning. We present the first integrated work in composing web services end to end from specification to deployment by synergistically combining the strengths of the above approaches. We describe a prototype service creation environment along with a use-case scenario, and demonstrate how it can significantly speed up the time-to-market for new services.
A novel ZVS-PWM full-bridge converter topology (2004)

In this paper, a novel ZVS-PWM full-bridge converter topology is proposed. ZVS can be achieved for the lagging-leg by using the energy stored in the leakage inductor in heavy load condition while using energy stored in both the leakage inductor and magnetizing inductor in light load condition. An 840 W prototype based on the proposed topology is built up and a relatively high efficiency has achieved.
Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus with Gianturco coils. (1993)

Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus can be safely and effectively achieved in patients with ductus diameters up to 3.3 mm. Coil occlusion does not cause obstruction to flow in the left pulmonary artery or descending aorta. Coils should be selected to provide a helical diameter twice or more the minimum ductus diameter and a length sufficient for three or more loops.
Microwave tomography of extremities: 1. Dedicated 2D system and physiological signatures (2011)

Microwave tomography (MWT) is a novel imaging modality which might be applicable for non-invasive assessment of functional and pathological conditions of biological tissues. Imaging of the soft tissue of extremities is one of its potential applications. The feasibility of this technology for such applications was demonstrated earlier. This is the first of two companion papers focused on an application of MWT for imaging of the extremity's soft tissues. The goal of this study is to assess the technical performance of the developed 2D MWT system dedicated for imaging of functional and pathological conditions of the extremity's soft tissues. Specifically, the system's performance was tested by its ability to detect signals associated with physiological activity and soft tissue interventions (circulatory related changes, blood flow reduction and a simulated compartmental syndrome)--the so-called physiological signatures. The developed 2D MWT system dedicated to the imaging of animal extremities demonstrates good technical performance allowing for stable and predictable data acquisition with reasonable agreement between the experimentally measured electromagnetic (EM) field and the simulated EM field within a measurement domain. Using the system, we were able to obtain physiological signatures associated with systolic versus diastolic phases of circulation in an animal extremity, reperfusion versus occlusion phases of the blood supply to the animal's extremity and a compartment syndrome. The imaging results are presented and discussed in the second companion paper.
Pulmonary Absorption of Peptides and Proteins (1995)

Pulmonary delivery provides a promising route for absorption of peptides and proteins having poor oral bioavailability due to inefficient transport across the gastrointestinal epithelium or high levels of first-pass hepatic clearance. Efficient absorption after inhalation has been demonstrated for compounds varying substantially in size and other physicochemical characteristics. However, understanding of the relationship of structure to absorption efficiency is incomplete. Limited data regarding mechanisms of permeation across respiratory epithelium suggest passive transport of small peptides, with a contribution from vesicle-mediated transcytosis in the relatively slow transport of large proteins such as albumin and peroxidase. Lack of absorption of some peptides is most likely due to their susceptibility to protease degradation, since high levels of some exopeptidases are present in lung tissue. Effects of chronic exposure to potentially antigenic molecules delivered to the lung will need to be assessed on a case by case basis before the potential for pulmonary peptide delivery can be determined. Formulation/device development for proteins is in early stages: the susceptibility of many proteins to denaturation and oxidation presents special difficulties in small particle aerosol generation. The relative inefficiency and volume limitations of inhalation delivery currently limit this approach to molecules of relatively high potency. More widespread exploitation of pulmonary polypeptide delivery will depend on successful development of reproducible dry powder systems allowing inhalation of a greater amount of drug.
Neutral carrier based calcium(2+)-selective electrode with detection limit in the sub-nanomolar range (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeutral carrier based calcium(2+)-selective electrode with detection limit in the sub-nanomolar rangeUrs. Schefer, Daniel. Ammann, Ernoe. Pretsch, Urs. Oesch, and Wilhelm. SimonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 11, 2282–2285Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00124a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00124a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views716Altmetric-Citations172LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermal Design Considerations for COB Applications (1988)

As requirements for system performance and density increase, more attention is being given to chip-on-board (COB) packaging techniques. COB is ‘surface mount packaging taken to the extreme’ as it involves the direct mounting of bare semiconductor die to printed circuit board substrates. In this paper, the ‘thermal resistance’ of a single COB package is proposed. An analytical model for this resistance is developed for a multilayer board configuration using a combination of Fourier transform and adjoint-solution techniques. Parameters in the model include the chip and board geometric parameters, individual layer unit conductances, and top and bottom surface film coefficients. A series of curves are developed from the model. These curves may be used in the initial design process to determine, for example, required film coefficients and the efficacy of adding thermal planes to the board. The model is also used to test the adequacy of the ‘effective series conductivity’ of a multilayer board.
Identification of perineal sensory neurons activated by innocuous heat (2009)

C-fiber sensory neurons comprise nociceptors and smaller populations of cells detecting innocuous thermal and light tactile stimuli. Markers identify subpopulations of these cells, aiding our understanding of their physiological roles. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) cation channel is characteristic of polymodal C-fiber nociceptors and is sensitive to noxious heat, irritant vanilloids, and protons. By using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and retrograde tracing, we anatomically characterize a small subpopulation of C-fiber cells that express high levels of TRPV1 (HE TRPV1 cells). These cells do not express molecular markers normally associated with C-fiber nociceptors. Furthermore, they express a unique complement of neurotrophic factor receptors, namely, the trkC receptor for neurotrophin 3, as well as receptors for neurturin and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. HE TRPV1 cells are distributed in sensory ganglia throughout the neuraxis, with higher numbers noted in the sixth lumbar ganglion. In this ganglion and others of the lumbar and sacral regions, 75% or more of such HE TRPV1 cells express estrogen receptor alpha, suggestive of their regulation by estrogen and a role in afferent sensation related to reproduction. Afferents from these cells provide innervation to the hairy skin of the perineal region and can be activated by thermal stimuli from 38 degrees C, with a maximal response at 42 degrees C, as indicated by induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. We hypothesize that apart from participating in normal thermal sensation relevant to thermoregulation and reproductive functions, HE TRPV1 cells may mediate burning pain in chronic pain syndromes with perineal localization.
Antitumor effect of intratumoral administration of dendritic cell combination with vincristine chemotherapy in a murine fibrosarcoma model. (2003)

A new antitumor therapeutic strategy utilizing the combined effect of chemotherapy and DC (dendritic cell)-based immunotherapy was designed, and the effect of intratumoral injections of unpulsed, immature DCs was evaluated after in vivo pretreatment of vincristine on tumor growth in a murine fibrosarcoma tumor model. Vincristine exerted a much more potent apoptosis/necrosis-inducing effect on MCA-102 tumor cells than on DCs both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, CD11c, CD40, CD80 and CD86 molecules on DCs were not downregulated after treatment with vincristine either in vitro or in vivo. The growth of tumor significantly regressed in the group which received the combined vincristine chemotherapy with intratumoral administration of DCs in contrast to the untreated group, the group treated with DCs alone, and the group treated with vincristine alone. In particular, an upregulated expression of CD40, CD80 and CD86 molecules on DCs was found in the combination treatment group. Furthermore, the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the staining intensity of their CD4 and CD8 surface molecules also increased after the combination treatment. Therefore, our results indicate the feasibility of this combination therapy with vincristine chemotherapy and DC-based immunotherapy as an efficient antitumor strategy for the treatment of fibrosarcoma.
Descomposición de la eficiencia económica a través de la estimación de un sistema translog de costes: Una aplicación a las cajas de ahorros españolas (1997)

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el grado de eficiencia tecnica y asignativa de las cajas de ahorros espanolas
durante el periodo 1985-94. Para ello, se utiliza un enfoque parametrico consistente en la estimacion de un sistema
translog de costes donde se permite que ambos tipos de eficiencias pueden variar en el tiempo. Mas concretamente,
en este trabajo se adaptan los modelos de Battese y Coelli (1992) y Schmidt (1984) para contrastar si las variaciones
temporales de la eficiencia tecnica y asignativa son estadisticamente significativas.
Restoration of cellular immune response by levamisole in patients with Hodgkin's disease. (1975)

Cellular responses were studied in patients with Hodgkin's disease before and after levamisole treatment "in vivo" by measuring delayed skin reactivity to various antigens (PPD, Mumps, Candida and SK-SD), and "in vitro" by evaluating lymphocyte capacity to form spontaneous rosettes and to react to the T-cell mitogen PHA. Levamisole was found to significantly increase both the delayed skin reactivity and the number of T-rosette forming lymphocytes. Patients within two years from irradiation had reduced reactivity to PHA and in them levamisole significantly increased this reactivity. On the other hand, patients who had been irradiated more than two years prior to the study had normal reactivity to PHA which tended to decrease under levamisole treatment. It is concluded that levamisole restores the depressed cellular immunity in patients with Hodgkin's disease and its administration might be indicated in patients, especially in the immediate post-irradiation period.
Structure-function relationships in the interferon-tau (IFN-tau). Changes in receptor binding and in antiviral and antiproliferative activities resulting from site-directed mutagenesis performed near the carboxyl terminus. (1994)

The interferons-tau (IFN-tau) are Type I IFN, 172 amino acids in length, which are produced by the trophoblast of ruminant ungulate species and whose only known function is in triggering maternal responses to pregnancy. These IFN have the normal antiviral and antiproliferative activities exhibited by other Type I IFN, such as IFN-alpha and -beta, and are predicted to have similar structures based on five alpha-helices (A-E). A series of ovine IFN-tau variants was prepared with alterations in the carboxyl-terminal region in residues not expected to interact directly with the Type I receptor. Replacement of Ile143 with Thr in helix E significantly lowered receptor binding affinity to about 5% of control values, reduced antiviral activity to about 13% of control values, and abolished antiproliferative activity completely. Deletion of the terminal 11 residues from the carboxyl termini of these 172 amino acid IFN also reduced antiviral activities (approximately 5% of control) and antiproliferative proteins (1-2% of control), but had only slight negative influence on receptor binding. Deletion of Lys160, but not its replacement with Ala, had similar consequences to deleting the entire 11-amino acid carboxyl terminus. These studies show that mutations can be introduced into IFN-tau that influence antiviral and antiproliferative activities differentially and that the carboxyl tail of the molecule is important for signal transduction but not for primary receptor binding.
Applications of augmented reality for human-robot communication (2002)

The director/agent (D/A) metaphor of telerobotic interaction is discussed as a potential means for achieving human-robot synergy. In order for the human operator to communicate spatial information to the robot during D/A operations, the medium of augmented reality through overlaid virtual stereographics is proposed, leading to what is referred to as virtual control. An overview is given of the ARGOS (Augmented Reality through Graphic Overlays on Stereovideo) system. In particular, the uses of overlaid virtual pointers for enhancing absolute depth judgement tasks, virtual tape measures for real-world quantification, virtual tethers for perceptual enhancement in manual teleoperation, virtual landmarks for enhancing depth scaling, and virtual object overlays for on-object edge enhancement and display superposition are all presented and discussed.
Treatment of frey's syndrome with topical 2% diphemanil methylsulfate (prantal®): A double‐blind evaluation of 15 patients (1990)

Fifteen patients with severe gustatory sweating after total parotidectomy and facial nerve preservation were asked to take part in a double-blind study. All patients were alternatively treated with topically applied placebo and topically applied 2% diphemanil methylsulfate (an anticholinergic agent). A 10-day period was allowed between applications for return of symptoms. Two-percent diphemanil methylsulfate provided partial relief in 33.3% of patients and total relief in 40% of patients. Involvement of the hairy temporal line region with gustatory sweating was the main reason for failure. Duration of relief varied from 2 to 4 days. The only side effect was dryness of the mouth noted in two patients.
Calixarene-Core Multifunctional Initiators for the Ruthenium-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization of Methacrylates (1998)

Tetra-, hexa-, and octafunctional initiators constructed with calix[n]arene cores (n = 4, 6, and 8) and dichloroacetate units led to living radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) to give star polymers with four, six, and eight arm chains of controlled lengths, respectively, when coupled with RuCl2(PPh3)3 and Al(OiPr)3 in toluene at 80 °C. The produced polymers had controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (M̄w/M̄n = 1.1−1.2). Hydrolysis of the ester linkage between the core and the arm chains gave linear polymers whose number-average molecular weights are almost 1/4, 1/6, and 1/8 of those for tetra-, hexa-, and octaarmed star polymers, respectively, consistent with the arm numbers expected from the initiator functionality. Octaarmed star polymers consisting of block copolymers of MMA and n-butyl methacrylate as arm chains were also synthesized by the sequential block copolymerizations initiated with the calix[8]arene-based initiator in conjunction with RuCl2(PPh3)3 and Al(OiPr)3.