gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEDFLY AREAWIDE STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE PROGRAMMES FOR PREVENTION, SUPPRESSION OR ERADICATION: THE IMPORTANCE OF MATING BEHAVIOR STUDIES (2002)

The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is amongst the most non-disruptive pest control methods. Unlike some other biologically-based methods it is species specific, does not release exotic agents into new environments and does not even introduce new genetic material into existing populations as the released organisms are not self-replicating. However, the SIT is only effective when integrated on an areawide basis, addressing the total population of the pest, irrespective of its distribution. There has been considerable progress in the development and integrated application of the SIT against the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, as reflected by operational programs for prevention, suppression and eradication of this pest. There is however, considerable scope for improving the efficiency of medfly SIT, an indispensable requirement for increased involvement of the private sector in any future application. One way to achieve this has been the development of genetic sexing strains, making it possible to release only sterile males. Another is improving sterile male performance through a better understanding of the sexual behavior of this insect. Unlike other insects for which the SIT has been successfully applied, medfly has a complex lek-based mating system in which the females exert the mate choice selecting among aggregated and displaying wild and sterile males. With the objective of developing a better understanding of medfly mating behavior, an FAO/IAEA Coordinated Research Project was carried out from 1994 to 1999. Some of the resulting work conducted during this period with the participation of research teams from ten countries is reported in this issue.
EZ reader: embedded AI for automatic electronic mail interpretation and routing (1996)

EZ Reader is an intelligent electronic mail (email) reader that employs a unique combination of rulebased parsing and case-based reasoning to automatically and with a high level of accuracy classify and respond to large volumes of incoming email. EZ Reader reduces the time and human resources required to handle incoming email by selecting responses and adding attachments and advice to each incoming message based on how previous similar messages were handled. The application, developed for Chase Manhattan Bank using Brightware, Inc.'s ART*Enterprise® tool, answers emails automatically and decreases processing time for those requiring manual review. Phase I of EZ Reader was deployed in the first quarter of 1996, and handles up to 80% of incoming mail automatically, depending on message content. Later phases will enable automatic processing of a wider variety of messages. By dramatically reducing the effort associated with manual processing, EZ Reader will pay its own development costs within six months and will result in substantial, recurring dollar savings each year. This paper describes EZ Reader in detail, including its AI-based design, testing, implementation and development history.
Four Novel KVLQT1 and Four Novel HERG Mutations in Familial Long-QT Syndrome (1997)

We identified nine different mutations among 32 families with LQTS. Eight of these were novel and account for 25% of all types of mutations reported to date. Such a variety of mutations makes it difficult to screen high-risk groups using simple methods such as endonuclease digestion or mutant allele-specific amplification.
FASCIAL SLINGS FOR TONGUE STABILIZATION IN THE PIERRE ROBIN SYNDROME (1968)

LEWIS, STEPHEN R. M.D.; LYNCH, JOHN B. M.D.; BLOCKER, TRUMAN G. Jr. M.D. Author Information
Reconstruction of a Three-Dimensional Structure Using Cartilage Regenerated from the Perichondrium of Rabbits (1999)

Human tissues such as those found in the ear, nose, eyelid, lip, and larynx have complicated and delicate three-dimensional structures, which are difficult to reconstruct and restore to normal function following damage by tumor, congenital disease, or trauma. We devised a new reconstructive technique for the lost tissues by using cartilage regenerated from the perichondrium. In 12 ears of 12 rabbits, the layer between the perichondrium and the cartilage was stripped off. The exposed cartilage was punched out in large amounts to resemble a flexible, honeycomb-like structure. Then, we sandwiched the rabbit ears with two thermoplastic plates, which maintained a structure of the anterior surface of the human ear for 8 weeks. Structural change was studied in all cases, and some parts of the remodeled tissue were studied pathologically. Out of 12 ears, 8 had a rigid structure with a shape like a human ear using regenerated cartilage from the perichondrium of rabbits, 2 were infected, and 2 had a decubitus ulcer on the conchal surface as a result of compression from the plate. This study suggests that the use of the cartilage regenerated from the perichondrium may lead to a successful treatment also in humans for a variety of three-dimensional structures that have been damaged.
Positive expectations predict improved mental-health outcomes linked to psychedelic microdosing (2021)

Psychedelic microdosing describes the ingestion of near-threshold perceptible doses of classic psychedelic substances. Anecdotal reports and observational studies suggest that microdosing may promote positive mood and well-being, but recent placebo-controlled studies failed to find compelling evidence for this. The present study collected web-based mental health and related data using a prospective (before, during and after) design. Individuals planning a weekly microdosing regimen completed surveys at strategic timepoints, spanning a core four-week test period. Eighty-one participants completed the primary study endpoint. Results revealed increased self-reported psychological well-being, emotional stability and reductions in state anxiety and depressive symptoms at the four-week primary endpoint, plus increases in psychological resilience, social connectedness, agreeableness, nature relatedness and aspects of psychological flexibility. However, positive expectancy scores at baseline predicted subsequent improvements in well-being, suggestive of a significant placebo response. This study highlights a role for positive expectancy in predicting positive outcomes following psychedelic microdosing and cautions against zealous inferences on its putative therapeutic value.
Size Separation of Circulatory DNA in Maternal Plasma Permits Ready Detection of Fetal DNA Polymorphisms (2004)

Circulatory fetal DNA can be enriched by size selection of fragment sizes less than approximately 0.3 kb. Such selection permits easier analysis of both paternally and maternally inherited DNA polymorphisms.
The mucosal adjuvanticity of cholera toxin involves enhancement of costimulatory activity by selective up-regulation of B7.2 expression (1997)

Cholera toxin (CT) is a potent mucosal immunogen and adjuvant that can strongly prime mucosal T cells. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of CT on the expression and functional activity of the costimulatory molecules B7.1 and B7.2 on macrophages and the relationship of these effects to the mucosal adjuvanticity of CT. Bone marrow macrophages (BMM) were generated by culturing bone marrow with macrophage CSF or granulocyte-macrophage CSF. After treatment with either CT alone or IFN-gamma alone, B7.2 expression on BMM was moderately up-regulated and was further increased when BMM were treated with both CT and IFN-gamma together. Interestingly, CT had no effect on B7.1 expression despite the close relationship between these two molecules. Up-regulation of B7.2 expression by CT was mediated by intracellular cAMP production, in that CT-B subunit had no effect and dibutyryl cAMP could mimic the effect. CT increased functional costimulatory activity of macrophages for both anti-CD3-stimulated and allostimulated T cells, an increase that was blocked by anti-B7.2, but not anti-B7.1, Ab. B7.2 expression by Mac1+ Peyer's patch cells was increased after intraluminal exposure to CT in vivo. Treatment of mice with anti-B7.2 Ab in vivo inhibited both the mucosal adjuvanticity and the immunogenicity of CT. We conclude that CT enhances the costimulatory activity of mucosal APC by differentially up-regulating B7.2 expression, an effect that appears to be important for its mucosal adjuvanticity and immunogenicity.
Diode-pumped Nd:glass kilohertz regenerative amplifier for subpicosecond microjoule level pulses (1997)

A diode-pumped Nd:fluorophosphate regenerative amplifier was developed. Chirped seed pulses were amplified to 24 muJ at repetition rates to 1 kHz and to 5 muJ at a 10-kHz repetition rate. On compression, 850-fs pulses were obtained. White-light continuum generation was observed when these pulses were focused into a glass sample. Furthermore, based on a rate equation analysis, the effects of the gain material lifetime on the pulse energy at high repetition rates are discussed.
Clinical Cancer Therapy by NK Cells via Antibody‐Dependent Cell‐Mediated Cytotoxicity (2011)

Natural killer (NK) cells are powerful effector cells that can be directed to eliminate tumor cells through tumor-targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Some tumor-targeted mAbs have been successfully applied in the clinic and are included in the standard of care for certain malignancies. Strategies to augment the antitumor response by NK cells have led to an increased understanding of how to improve their effector responses. Next-generation reagents, such as molecularly modified mAbs and mAb-cytokine fusion proteins (immunocytokines, ICs) designed to augment NK-mediated killing, are showing promise in preclinical and some clinical settings. Continued research into the antitumor effects induced by NK cells and tumor-targeted mAbs suggests that additional intrinsic and extrinsic factors may influence the antitumor response. Therefore more research is needed that focuses on evaluating which NK cell and tumor criteria are best predictive of a clinical response and which combination immunotherapy regimens to pursue for distinct clinical settings.
Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans (2016)

Large-scale reference data sets of human genetic variation are critical for the medical and functional interpretation of DNA sequence changes. Here we describe the aggregation and analysis of high-quality exome (protein-coding region) DNA sequence data for 60,706 individuals of diverse ancestries generated as part of the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). This catalogue of human genetic diversity contains an average of one variant every eight bases of the exome, and provides direct evidence for the presence of widespread mutational recurrence. We have used this catalogue to calculate objective metrics of pathogenicity for sequence variants, and to identify genes subject to strong selection against various classes of mutation; identifying 3,230 genes with near-complete depletion of predicted protein-truncating variants, with 72% of these genes having no currently established human disease phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that these data can be used for the efficient filtering of candidate disease-causing variants, and for the discovery of human 'knockout' variants in protein-coding genes.
The Reality Game, second edition (2014)

The Reality Game is for people who are, or who want to be, counsellors or psychotherapists. It is particularly useful for those training in humanistic or integrative psychotherapy and counselling. Discussing the skills and techniques used in both individual and group therapy, this is an essential guide to good practices for the professional humanistic counsellor or psychotherapist and also responds to the questions most often asked by those training in these disciplines.
Inhibition of cortical acetylcholine release and cognitive performance by histamine H3 receptor activation in rats (1996)

1. The effects of histamine and agents at histamine receptors on spontaneous and 100 mM K(+)-evoked release of acetylcholine, measured by microdialysis from the cortex of freely moving, rats, and on cognitive tests are described. 2. Local administration of histamine (0.1-100 microM) failed to affect spontaneous but inhibited 100 mM K(+)-stimulated release of acetylcholine up to about 50%. The H3 receptor agonists (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (RAMH) (0.1-10 microM), imetit (0.01-10 microM) and immepip (0.01-10 microM) mimicked the effect of histamine. 3. Neither 2-thiazolylethylamine (TEA), an agonist showing some selectivity for H1 receptors, nor the H2 receptor agonist, dimaprit, modified 100 mM K(+)-evoked release of acetylcholine. 4. The inhibitory effect of 100 microM histamine was completely prevented by the highly selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist, clobenpropit but was resistant to antagonism by triprolidine and cimetidine, antagonists at histamine H1 and H2 but not H3 receptors. 5. The H3 receptor-induced inhibition of K(+)-evoked release of acetylcholine was fully sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX). 6. The effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of imetit (5 mg kg-1) and RAMH (5 mg kg-1) were tested on acetylcholine release and short term memory paradigms. Both drugs reduced 100 mM K(+)-evoked release of cortical acetylcholine, and impaired object recognition and a passive avoidance response. 7. These observations provide the first evidence of a regulatory role of histamine H3 receptors on cortical acetylcholine release in vivo. Moreover, they suggest a role for histamine in learning and memory and may have implications for the treatment of degenerative disorders associated with impaired cholinergic function.
Healthy aging and disease: role for telomere biology? (2011)

Aging is a biological process that affects most cells, organisms and species. Human aging is associated with increased susceptibility to a variety of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, neurological diseases and cancer. Despite the remarkable progress made during the last two decades, our understanding of the biology of aging remains incomplete. Telomere biology has recently emerged as an important player in the aging and disease process.
Development of Functional Human Monoclonal Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibody Against HIV-1 from Human Cervical B Cells (2003)

A panel of novel recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody against human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) was isolated and characterized. We generated human scFvs using RNA harvested from cervical B lymphocytes of Kenyan prostitutes who are highly exposed to HIV-1, but remain persistently seronegative. The variable regions of the heavy (VH) and light (VL) chain antibody genes were selected as hybrids using guided-selection with the VL and VH, respectively, of a derivative of IgGb(12) using the phagemid vector pComb3X. IgGb(12) is a previously well-characterized HIV-1 neutralizing human monoclonal antibody (MAb). One of the hybrid scFv, IgA6/4L, neutralizes HIV-1 infectivity in in vitro cell culture assay. The cervical VH and VL chain antibody genes were connected by a DNA linker and subcloned in pComb3X. The cervical scFv clones were functional in recognizing HIV-1 gp120 by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and on cells in flow cytometry. Whole IgGb(12) does not inhibit binding of clones IgA6/5k nor IgA6/30lambda to gp120, which suggests that they bind different epitopes. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cervical scFv show the clones are unique and reveal interesting characteristics of human cervical V gene pools. This work demonstrates, for the first time, cloning of a functional scFv MAb to a sexually transmitted disease pathogen from local cervical B-cell pools in exposed humans.
Molecular Ordering of Apoptotic Mammalian CED-3/ICE-like Proteases (1996)

Apoptosis is executed by cysteine proteases belonging to the CED-3/ICE family, which, unlike other mammalian cysteine proteases, cleave their substrates following aspartate residues. Proteases belonging to this family exist in the cytosol as zymogens that require accurate processing at internal aspartate residues to generate the two-chain active enzymes. As such, CED-3/ICE family members are capable of activating each other in a manner analogous to the protease zymogens of the coagulation or complement cascades. At present, it is unknown whether such mutual processing exists in vivo, and if so whether it is sequential, implying an order to the death pathway. Using a cell-free apoptosis system, recombinant ICE proteases and both biochemical and morphological criteria, we demonstrate an ordering of the mammalian ICEs that are most related to the Caenorhabditis elegans death protease CED-3.
Scale and performance in the Denali isolation kernel (2002)

This paper describes the Denali isolation kernel, an operating system architecture that safely multiplexes a large number of untrusted Internet services on shared hardware. Denali's goal is to allow new Internet services to be "pushed" into third party infrastructure, relieving Internet service authors from the burden of acquiring and maintaining physical infrastructure. Our isolation kernel exposes a virtual machine abstraction, but unlike conventional virtual machine monitors, Denali does not attempt to emulate the underlying physical architecture precisely, and instead modifies the virtual architecture to gain scale, performance, and simplicity of implementation. In this paper, we first discuss design principles of isolation kernels, and then we describe the design and implementation of Denali. Following this, we present a detailed evaluation of Denali, demonstrating that the overhead of virtualization is small, that our architectural choices are warranted, and that we can successfully scale to more than 10,000 virtual machines on commodity hardware.
A mutated retinoic acid receptor-alpha exhibiting dominant-negative activity alters the lineage development of a multipotent hematopoietic cell line. (1992)

The retinoic acid receptor (RAR alpha) is expressed in virtually all hematopoietic lineages, but the role of this transcription factor in regulating the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors is unknown. We have constructed a mutant RAR alpha that both exhibits dominant-negative activity against the normal RAR alpha in transient expression assays in mouse fibroblasts and inhibits retinoic acid-induced neutrophilic differentiation of the HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line. When this dominant-negative RAR alpha construct is introduced into the multipotent interleukin-3-dependent FDCP mix A4 murine hematopoietic cell line, there is a rapid switch from spontaneous neutrophil/monocyte differentiation to basophil/mast cell development. Thus, in this multipotent hemopoietic cell line the normal RAR alpha transcription factor and/or related molecules appear to promote the differentiation of neutrophils and monocytes but suppress the development of basophils/mast cells.
Interpretation of induced color in polychromatic glasses (1979)

The variable colors produced in polychromatic glasses by an optical/thermal treatment are analyzed in terms of a specific geometric model. The calculations, based on small-particle scattering theory, involve the specific shape of the silver on the sodium halide microcrystal that is formed in the process and account for the color shift with the optical/thermal treatment. In addition, absorption calculations were made to explain the formation of the microcrystalline phase.
Mouse antibody response following repetitive injections of gamma-irradiated human placenta collagen. (1994)

Injectable bovine collagen has been used clinically for years. But both the necessity of repeated injections to maintain corrections and the question of adverse allergic reactions developing from the use of a xenogenic collagen have been an area of serious concern. To overcome these adverse effects, we have developed injectable collagen preparations from human placenta. Gamma irradiation was used for sterilization and crosslinking of the collagen. We observed the mouse immune response to gamma-irradiated human placenta soluble and insoluble collagen following multiple injections. After six injections of these materials, no total IgG level increase was found, nor was antibody specifically directed against human collagen found. Mouse antibody levels were also observed following Zyderm II and Zyplast repetitive injections and following repetitive implantations of coated vicryl and chromic gut. No humoral immune response was found in this heterologous type system.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in Protein Antigenic Structure (1985)

Recent advances in the preparation of synthetic peptide vaccines and the use of synthetic peptides as probes of antigenic structure and function have led to renewed interest in the prediction of antigenic sites recognized by antibodies and T cells. This review focuses on antibodies. Features intrinsic to the antigen, such as hydrophilicity and mobility, may be useful in the selection of amino acid sequences of the native protein that will elicit antibodies cross-reacting with peptides, or sequences which, as peptides, will be more likely to elicit antibodies cross-reactive with the native protein. Structural mobility may also contribute to protein-protein interactions in general. However, the entire accessible surface of a protein is likely to be detectable by a large enough panel of antibodies. Which of these antibodies are made in any individual depends on factors extrinsic to the antigen molecule, host factors such as self-tolerance, immune response genes, idiotype networks, and the immunoglobulin structural gene repertoire.
Interleukin-3, GM-CSF, and G-CSF receptor expression on cell lines and primary leukemia cells: receptor heterogeneity and relationship to growth factor responsiveness (1989)

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), G-CSF, and interleukin-3 (IL-3) labeled with 125I were used to study the characteristics and distribution of receptors for these factors on in vitro cell lines and on cells from patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANL) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Receptors for GM-CSF and G-CSF were restricted to a subset of myelomonocytic cell lines whereas IL-3 receptors were also found on pre-B- or early B-cell lines. Receptors for all three CSFs were broadly distributed on ANL cells, with considerable variability in levels of expression. Measurement of the colony-forming ability of ANL cells in response to the CSFs showed that there was no direct correlation between the ability of the cells to respond to a growth factor and the absolute number of receptors expressed for that growth factor. Binding of radiolabeled IL-3 and GM-CSF to ANL cells produced complex biphasic curves. Further analysis showed that both IL-3 and GM-CSF were able to partially compete for specific binding of the heterologous radiolabeled ligand to cells from several ANL patients, suggesting that heterogeneity may exist in human CSF receptors. These results provide new insights into the complex role that CSFs may play in ANL.
High Hydroxide Conductivity in Polymerized Ionic Liquid Block Copolymers (2013)

Herein, we report a polymerized ionic liquid diblock copolymer with high hydroxide conductivity and nanoscale morphology. Surprisingly, the conductivity is not only higher (over an order of magnitude) than its random copolymer analog at the same ion and water content, but also higher than its homopolymer analog, which has a higher ion and water content than the block copolymer. These results should have a significant impact on low-cost (platinum-free), long-lasting, solid-state alkaline fuel cells.