gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis SNI1 and RAD51D regulate both gene transcription and DNA recombination during the defense response (2007)

The plant immune response known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a general defense mechanism that confers long-lasting resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens. SAR triggers many molecular changes including accumulation of antimicrobial pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Transcription of PR genes in Arabidopsis is regulated by the coactivator NPR1 and the repressor SNI1. Pathogen infection also triggers an increase in somatic DNA recombination, which results in transmission of changes to the offspring of infected plants. However, it is not known how the induction of homologous recombination during SAR is controlled. Here, we show that SNI1 and RAD51D regulate both gene expression and DNA recombination. In a genetic screen for suppressors of sni1, we discovered that RAD51D is required for NPR1-independent PR gene expression. As a result, the rad51d mutant has enhanced disease susceptibility. Besides altered PR gene expression, rad51d plants are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging agents and are impaired in homologous recombination. The dual role of RAD51D and SNI1 in PR gene transcription and DNA recombination suggests a mechanistic link between the short-term defense response and a long-term survival strategy.
Antibodies Specific for the Human Retinoblastoma Protein Identify a Family of Related Polypeptides (1991)

Even though the retinoblastoma gene is one of the best-studied tumor suppressor genes, little is known about its functional role. Like all tumor suppressor gene products, the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) is thought to inhibit some aspect of cell proliferation. It also appears to be a cellular target of several DNA tumor virus-transforming proteins, such as adenovirus E1A, human papillomavirus E7, or simian virus 40 large T antigen. To help in the analysis of pRB, we have prepared a new set of anti-human pRB monoclonal antibodies. In addition to being useful reagents for the study of human pRB, these antibodies display several unexpected properties. They can be used to distinguish different subsets of the pRBs on the basis of their phosphorylation states. Some are able to recognize pRB homologs in other species, including mice, chickens, and members of the genus Xenopus. In addition, some of these antibodies can bind directly to other cellular proteins that, like pRB, were originally identified through their association with adenovirus E1A. These immunologically cross-reactive proteins include the p107 and p300 proteins, and their recognition by antibodies raised against pRB suggests that several members of the E1A-targeted cellular proteins form a structurally and functionally related family.
Biomedical Applications of Biodegradable Polyesters (2016)

The focus in the field of biomedical engineering has shifted in recent years to biodegradable polymers and, in particular, polyesters. Dozens of polyester-based medical devices are commercially available, and every year more are introduced to the market. The mechanical performance and wide range of biodegradation properties of this class of polymers allow for high degrees of selectivity for targeted clinical applications. Recent research endeavors to expand the application of polymers have been driven by a need to target the general hydrophobic nature of polyesters and their limited cell motif sites. This review provides a comprehensive investigation into advanced strategies to modify polyesters and their clinical potential for future biomedical applications.
Fast-dissolving intraoral drug delivery systems (2001)

Fast-dissolving drug delivery is rapidly gaining interest in the pharmaceutical industry. These delivery systems either dissolve or disintegrate in the mouth rapidly, without requiring any water to aid in swallowing. Such technologies offer a convenient way of dosing medications, not only to special population groups with swallowing difficulties, but also to the general population. They also impart unique product differentiation, thus enabling use as line extensions for existing commercial products. This review discusses the various technologies in recent patents used to achieve quick dissolution/dispersion in the oral cavity. They are categorised based on either processing or formulation variables. Processing techniques, such as lyophilisation, tablet moulding, sublimation and spray drying, are discussed in this article. Review of the formulation techniques includes addition of sugar-based ingredients, foaming agents and disintegrants. Finally, an emerging novel dosage form, a quick-dissolving film, is discussed.
π-Dimers and π-Stacks in Solution and in Conducting Polymers (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTπ-Dimers and π-Stacks in Solution and in Conducting PolymersLarry L. Miller and Kent R. MannView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 9, 417–423Publication Date (Web):September 11, 1996Publication History Received20 February 1996Published online11 September 1996Published inissue 11 September 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9600446Copyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2719Altmetric-Citations314LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (450 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Anions,Electrical conductivity,Oligomers,Plastics,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Adaptive Real-Time Scheduling of Dynamic Multiple-Criticality Applications on Heterogeneous Distributed Computing Systems (2019)

In this paper, we first propose laxity-based strategy that prioritizes applications based on the laxity of meeting their deadlines. Application with the least laxity will have the highest scheduling priority. Calculating the application laxity will consume some computation time, which may not be practicable for the online implementation. To overcome this problem, we further propose transferring the application deadline to its inside tasks, which makes the laxity calculation easier. We also apply the laxity-based scheduling algorithm to schedule applications with multiple criticalities. Towards the challenge of reconciling timing requirements from different criticality applications, system mode-switch scheme and virtual deadlines are adopted to preferentially guarantee high-critical applications when system is overloaded. Experimental results demonstrate that on the one hand our proposed algorithms can greatly reduce the deadline misses, and on the other hand timing requirements of high-critical applications can be more stringently guaranteed compared with low-critical applications.
Pseudolimited Entry: A Sand Fracturing Technique for Simultaneous Treatment of Multiple Pays (1968)

Abstract Tenneco Oil Co. has used the pseudolimited entry technique to simultaneously and effectively sand-water fracture the multiple, hard, tight Dakota gas pays in the San Juan basin. Application of this technique involves the use of ball sealers to insure that a satisfactory number of perforations are open prior to fracturing, employment of a low (approximately 300 psi) perforation differential to insure simultaneous, effective stimulation of all perforated pays of approximately equal fracturing pressure and the use of bridge plugs when necessary to insure stimulation of zones having significantly different fracturing pressures. The use of the pseudolimited entry technique essentially has eliminated sand-outs, poor treatment coverage and other problems associated with other fracturing techniques. As of March, 1966, the absolute open flow potentials (AOFP) of the nine wells completed by this method averaged over 4,000 Mcf/D or 78 percent above those AOFP's of conventionally treated offset wells. Constantrate pressure drawdown testing' also has supported the results attained. The results and continued use of this technique have proved it to be an effective method for stimulating the Dakota pays of Northwest New Mexico. Introduction Fracturing multiple pays with conventional techniques (densely perforated zones, treatment control through the use of bridge plugs or ball sealers) can result in expensive or marginal completions. Fracturing the Dakota formation in the San Juan basin with conventional methods offers few exceptions to this. The Dakota formation in the San Juan basin is approximately 200 to 300 ft thick. As shown by Fig. 1, it often is composed of multiple, hard, low-porosity, gas- bearing sands separated by shale. At a given location, the lower Dakota usually is composed of a series of sands of approximately equal fracturing pressures. These pressures often vary markedly between locations. The middle and upper Dakota sands are less numerous. They have approximately equal fracturing pressures significantly different from those of the lower sands; those of the middle and upper sands also can vary over a short distance. Fracturing pressures of all the Dakota sands are difficult to predict quantitatively. The Dakota frequently is sand-water fractured with conventional multistage treatments, employing bridge plugs or ball sealers for treatment control and diversion. Normally, the amount of propping agent used is between 50,000 and 100,000 lb of sand. Treating rates usually are between 35 and 50 bbl/minute. In many cases individual sands will be perforated with so many holes that the treatment will be accepted into the sand that has the lowest fracturing pressure. JPT P. 457ˆ
MIF rediscovered: cytokine, pituitary hormone, and glucocorticoid‐induced regulator of the immune response (1996)

The protein that has been historically called macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was one of the first cytokine activities to be discovered and was originally described to be a T lymphocyte product that inhibited the random migration of macrophages. Over the years, additional molecules with MIF "activity" have been described and the precise role of the original MIF "protein" remained enigmatic. Recent studies have led to the discovery of a pituitary mediator that appears to act as the counterregulatory hormone for glucocorticoid action within the immune system. Isolated as a product of murine anterior pituitary cells, this peptide was sequenced and found to be the mouse homolog of MIF. MIF has the unique property of being released from macrophages and T cells in response to physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids. The secretion of MIF is tightly regulated and decreases at high, anti-inflammatory steroid concentrations. Once released, MIF "overrides" or counterregulates the immunosuppressive effects of steroids on immune cell activation and cytokine production. These observations suggest that MIF fills an important gap in our understanding of how the host initiates and controls immunity. Because glucocorticoids are an integral part of the host's global response to infection or tissue invasion, the physiological role of MIF is to act at an inflammatory site or lymph node to counterbalance the profound inhibitory effects of steroids on the immune response.
Synergy between Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Transcriptional Activation Is Mediated by Cooperation between Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 and Nuclear Factor κB (1997)

Interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) cooperate to induce the expression of many gene products during inflammation. The present report demonstrates that a portion of this cooperativity is mediated by synergism between two distinct transcription factors: signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). IFNgamma and TNFalpha synergistically induce expression of mRNAs encoding interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1, Mig (monokine induced by gamma-interferon), and RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) in normal but not STAT1-deficient mouse fibroblasts, indicating a requirement for STAT1. Transient transfection assays in fibroblasts using site-directed mutants of a 1.3-kilobase pair sequence of the IRF-1 gene promoter revealed that the synergy was dependent upon two sequence elements; a STAT binding element and a kappaB motif. Artificial constructs containing a single copy of both a STAT binding element and a kappaB motif linked to the herpes virus thymidine kinase promoter were able to mediate synergistic response to IFNgamma and TNFalpha; such response varied with both the relative spacing and the specific sequence of the regions between these two sites. Cooperatively responsive sequence constructs bound both STAT1alpha and NF-kappaB in nuclear extracts prepared from IFNgamma- and/or TNFalpha-stimulated fibroblasts, although binding of individual factors was not cooperative. Thus, the frequently observed synergy between IFNgamma and TNFalpha in promoting inflammatory response depends in part upon cooperation between STAT1alpha and NF-kappaB, which is most likely mediated by their independent interaction with one or more components of the basal transcription complex.
Lewis Acid-Induced Stereoselective Ene-Cyclization of ω-Unsaturated Trifluoromethylketones (1989)

Abstract Lewis Acid-initiated ene-cyclization of ω-unsaturated trifluoromethylketones allows access to 1-trifluoromethyl cyclohexanols and their fused bicyclic derivatives
Regulation of Dendritic Branching and Filopodia Formation in Hippocampal Neurons by Specific Acylated Protein Motifs (2004)

Although neuronal axons and dendrites with their associated filopodia and spines exhibit a profound cell polarity, the mechanism by which they develop is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that specific palmitoylated protein motifs, characterized by two adjacent cysteines and nearby basic residues, are sufficient to induce filopodial extensions in heterologous cells and to increase the number of filopodia and the branching of dendrites and axons in neurons. Such motifs are present at the N-terminus of GAP-43 and the C-terminus of paralemmin, two neuronal proteins implicated in cytoskeletal organization and filopodial outgrowth. Filopodia induction is blocked by mutations of the palmitoylated sites or by treatment with 2-bromopalmitate, an agent that inhibits protein palmitoylation. Moreover, overexpression of a constitutively active form of ARF6, a GTPase that regulates membrane cycling and dendritic branching reversed the effects of the acylated protein motifs. Filopodia induction by the specific palmitoylated motifs was also reduced upon overexpression of a dominant negative form of the GTPase cdc42. These results demonstrate that select dually lipidated protein motifs trigger changes in the development and growth of neuronal processes.
Micrometer scale Ex Vivo multiphoton imaging of unstained arterial wall structure (2005)

This study illustrates the potential of 2PEF/SHG microscopy for pharmacological studies in unlabeled arteries.
Solution-Processed Molecular Bis(Naphthalene Diimide) Derivatives with High Electron Mobility (2011)

Top-gate bottom-contact field-effect transistors based on solution-processed films of molecules in which two naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboxdiimide)s are bridged by thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene and dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole exhibit electron mobility values of up to 1.5 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Directed migration of corneal epithelial sheets in physiological electric fields. (1996)

The endogenous EFs generated by wounded cornea could play an important role by interacting with other environmental factors to promote changes in shape and in directed migration of CEC sheets.
Akt1 Ablation Inhibits, whereas Akt2 Ablation Accelerates, the Development of Mammary Adenocarcinomas in Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV)-ErbB2/Neu and MMTV-Polyoma Middle T Transgenic Mice (2007)

Ample evidence to date links the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-regulated protein kinase Akt with the induction and progression of human cancer, including breast cancer. However, there are three Akt isoforms with limited information about their specificity during oncogenesis. This study addresses the role of the three isoforms in polyoma middle T (PyMT) and ErbB2/Neu-driven mammary adenocarcinomas in mice. The effects of ablation of Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 on the induction and the biology of these tumors were dramatically different, with ablation of Akt1 inhibiting, ablation of Akt2 accelerating, and ablation of Akt3 having a small, not statistically significant, inhibitory effect on tumor induction by both transgenes. Whereas PyMT-induced tumors are all invasive, Akt1(-/-)Neu-induced tumors are more invasive than Akt2(-/-)Neu-induced tumors. Invasiveness, however, does not always correlate with metastasis. Ablation of individual Akt isoforms does not affect the development of the mammary gland during puberty or the expression of the transgenes. Akt ablation, therefore, influences tumor induction by modulating transgene-induced oncogenic signaling. Immunostaining for Ki-67 and cyclin D1 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assays on tissue sections revealed that the delay of tumor induction in Akt1 knockout mice is due to the inhibitory effects of Akt1 ablation on cell proliferation and survival. Given that these animal models exhibit significant similarities to human breast cancer, the results of the present study may have significant translational implications because they may influence how Akt inhibitors will be used in the treatment of human cancer.
Expanding the repertoire of biofuel alternatives through metabolic pathway evolution (2009)

A multitude of concerns that include climate change, political instability, and depletion of petroleum resources has recently ignited renewed interest in fossil fuel alternatives (1). As a result, microbial systems have been extensively explored and successfully used for the biosynthesis of some biofuels, most notably ethanol (2, 3). Higher-chain alcohols, however, offer several advantages compared with ethanol, such as higher energy density and lower water solubility (4). Despite this, the biosynthesis of such alcohols remains a daunting task, with the possible exception of 1-butanol. A new paradigm is now emerging, however, as evidenced in a recent issue of PNAS by the work of Liao and coworkers at University of California, Los Angeles (5). Their work demonstrates the construction of nonnatural metabolism that allows the biosynthesis, for the first time, of an array of alcohols not readily produced by microorganisms. In the past, metabolic engineering efforts have exclusively focused on rewiring native metabolic pathways toward a metabolic pathway of interest (6). At the same time, protein engineering, in general, and directed evolution, in particular, …
Developmental Aspects of Soybean (Glycine max) Somatic Embryogenesis (1989)

A detailed study of the developmental aspects for soybean somatic embryogenesis was undertaken with emphasis on biochemical and histological markers. The various stages of somatic embryo development in callus cultures have been identified and characterized. Germinating embryos could be converted to fertile plants at a high frequency (90%). Dicamba (3, 6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) was found to be the auxin of choice for the clear distinction of the various developmental phases of soybean somatic embryos. Differences in their protein patterns were determined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This analysis revealed distinguishable differences in protein profiles amongst the various developmental stages, especially in heart stage embryos. Histological studies on somatic embryos revealed specific tissue types which closely resemble those reported for zygotic embryos. Further evidence is provided that there is a close similarity in tissue differentiation, between somatic and zygotic embryogenesis although there are some unique features in the development of somatic embryos.
Decrease of polyamine levels and enhancement of transglutaminase activity in selective reduction of B16-F10 melanoma cell proliferation induced by atrial natriuretic peptide (2006)

The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) at physiological levels reduced the proliferation of highly metastatic murine (B16-F10) and human (SK-MEL 110) melanoma cell lines whereas rat aortic smooth muscle (RASM) cells were unaffected. In RASM cells, the levels of proliferation markers (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) increase after 24 h of epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation (RASM-EGF), but strongly decrease after 24 h of exposition to ANP. The B16-F10 cell line, which received no EGF stimulation, showed a similar decrease in polyamine content after ANP treatment. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of a differentiation marker (transglutaminase) was increased for both RASM-EGF and B16-F10 cells after 24 h of treatment with 10(-10) mol/l ANP, concomitantly with the observed inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis and cell growth. Data obtained on B16-F10 cells treated with 8Br-GMPc or with an ANP analogue (cANF) support the involvement of the type C ANP receptor (NRP-C) in hormone effects. From the overall results, it appears that ANP may play a role in the inhibition of cellular growth under hyperproliferative conditions, as shown for RASM-EGF cells. The B16-F10 melanoma cell line showed similar results, but in the absence of mitogen stimulation. This observation suggests that the constitutive hyperproliferative state of tumor cells may be a sufficient condition to favor the ANP inhibitory effects on cell growth. This finding is particularly interesting in the light of a possible use of ANP as a potential selective antineoplastic agent.
Comparison of SmartCycler Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay in a Public Health Laboratory with Direct Immunofluorescence and Cell Culture Assays in a Medical Center for Detection of Influenza A Virus (2003)

A single-tube real-time (fluorogenic) reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with the SmartCycler instrument (SmartCycler RT-PCR) for influenza A virus detection was evaluated with 238 respiratory specimens. Direct immunofluorescence antibody staining (DFA) and primary rhesus monkey kidney cell culture were performed on-site at Yale-New Haven Hospital. Specimens were transported to the Connecticut Department of Public Health Laboratory for real-time RT-PCR. Cell culture detected influenza A virus in all 150 influenza A virus-positive specimens, DFA detected the virus in 148 influenza A virus-positive specimens, and SmartCycler RT-PCR detected the virus 143 influenza A virus-positive specimens. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR were 95.3 and 100%, respectively. The high sensitivity and specificity and the rapid turnaround time made the SmartCycler RT-PCR valuable for the rapid diagnosis of influenza A, especially in a public health laboratory. The closed real-time RT-PCR system avoided cross-contamination possible with RT-PCR and the excessive manipulations required for conventional RT-PCR analysis and saved time and labor as well. In a medical center, rapid diagnosis by DFA was labor intensive but was 98.7% sensitive and 100% specific compared to the results of culture and provided results within 2 h throughout operating hours, helping with bed allocation on admission and patient management.