gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peptide-Guided Cancer Drugs Show Promise in Mice (1998)

As any cancer patient who has endured chemotherapy knows, most regimens walk a fine line between killing the tumor and killing the patient. That's because chemotherapeutic drugs spread throughout the body, reaching not only the tumor but also healthy organs such as the gut and bone marrow, where they kill off normal dividing cells. To make matters even worse, tumor cells are also quick to mutate and become resistant to the drugs. Now, on page 377, a team led by Erkki Ruoslahti at The Burnham Institute in La Jolla, California, reveals a strategy that may get around both problems.
Evaluation of pegylated lipid nanocapsules versus complement system activation and macrophage uptake (2006)

This work consisted in defining the in vitro behavior of pegylated lipid nanocapsules (LNC) toward the immune system. LNC were composed of an oily core surrounded by a shell of lecithin and polyethylene glycol (PEG) known to decrease the recognition of nanoparticles by the immune system. The "stealth" properties were evaluated by measuring complement activation (CH50 technique and crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (C3 cleavage)) and macrophage uptake. These experiments were performed on 20-, 50-, and 100-nm LNC before and after dialysis. A high density of PEG at the surface led to very low complement activation by LNC with a slight effect of size. This size effect, associated to a dialysis effect in macrophage uptake, was due to differences in density and flexibility of PEG chains related to LNC curvature radius. Thanks to a high density, 660-Da PEG provided LNC a steric stabilization and a protective effect versus complement protein opsonization, but this protection decreased with the increase of LNC size, especially versus macrophage uptake.
P‐56: Development of In‐line Sealing Method for Plasma Display Panel (2002)

Abstract In this work, we have improved vacuum in‐line sealing technologies for plasma display panel using the direct joint method, which need not the exhausting hole and tube. We used the glass frit and organic binder to packaging materials. Both materials were performed the sintering process before packaging to reduce out‐gassing. The 4inch AC‐PDPs were packaged in He‐Ne(27%)‐Xe(3%) ambient and emitted. And the operation properties of the packaged panel were investigated. These methods provide the simple and short time process owing to the increased conductance.
CD3/CD28-costimulated T1 and T2 subsets: differential in vivo allosensitization generates distinct GVT and GVHD effects (2003)

Adoptive T-cell therapy using CD3/CD28 co-stimulation likely requires in vivo generation of antigen specificity. Because CD28 promotes TH1/TC1 (T1) or TH2/TC2 (T2) differentiation, costimulation may generate donor T1 or T2 cells capable of differentially mediating allogeneic graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effects and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Costimulation under T1 or T2 conditions indeed generated murine TH1/TC1 cells secreting interleukin-2/interferon-gamma (IL-2/IFN-gamma) or TH2/TC2 cells secreting IL-4/IL-5/IL-10. In vivo, allogeneic T1 cells expanded, maintained T1 secretion, and acquired allospecificity involving IFN-gamma and IL-5. In contrast, allogeneic T2 cells expanded less and maintained T2 secretion but did not develop significant allospecificity.Allogeneic, but not syngeneic, T1 cells mediated a GVT effect against host-type breast cancer cells, as median survival time (MST) increased from 25.6 +/- 2.6 (tumor controls) to 69.2 +/- 5.9 days (P < 1.2 x 10(-9)). This T1-associated GVT effect operated independently of fasL because T1 cells from gld mice mediated tumor-free survival. In contrast, allogeneic T2 cells mediated a modest, noncurative GVT effect (MST, 29 +/- 1.3 days; P <.0019). T1 recipients had moderate GVHD (histologic score, 4 of 12) that contributed to lethality after bone marrow transplantation; in contrast, T2 recipients had minimal GVHD (histologic score, 1 of 12). CD3/CD28 co-stimulation, therefore, generates T1 or T2 populations with differential in vivo capacity for expansion to alloantigen, resulting in differential GVT effects and GVHD.
Mandibular advancement with dental appliances in obstructive sleep apnoea (1994)

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a modified Herbst appliance (mHA) and a muscle relaxation appliance (MR) on nocturnal breathing and body movement activity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). To increase the airway space posterior to the tongue base without severely affecting the craniomandibular joint, the mHA was adjusted to anchor the mandible at 50% of maximum protrusion. MR producing an occlusal coverage but no protrusion served as a control appliance. All-night static charge-sensitive bed (SCSB) and finger oximeter recordings were done to six male patients in three conditions: first without dental device and then with mHA and with MR, in a random order, after a 2 month period of habituation. The oxyhaemoglobin desaturation events were 44.7 h-1 of recording observed during the control night, 29.6 h-1 with mHA (P = 0.087). The frequency of body movements decreased from 34.9 to 20.4 h-1 (P = 0.0079), respectively. MR had no significant effects either on the frequency of the desaturation events or the frequency of body movements, but the increased respiratory resistance breathing, indicating presence of partial upper airway obstruction, was reduced from 14.3 to 6.9% of the time in bed (P = 0.022). We conclude that 50% protrusion chosen for these experiments, produced with a mHA, brought about some alleviation of upper airway obstruction in our preselected patients, but did not lead to sufficient control of apnoea. The reduction of partial upper airway obstruction induced with a MR warrants further studies in a larger patient population.
Organ Selectivity for Implantation Survival and Growth of B16 Melanoma Variant Tumor Lines 2 (1976)

The fate of bloodborne malignant melanoma cells selected for their enhanced ability to form lung colonies was examined to determine how specific tumor cells are arrested in certain organs during the experimental metastasis process. After murine B16 melanoma variant tumor cell lines with low (B16-F1) or high (B16-F10) survival and growth potential in vivo were admisistered by iv or intracardiac injections into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, the quantitative distribution of [125l]5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (125IUDR)-labeled cells in the organs and subsequent formation of metastatic lung colonies were assessed. The initial distribution of viable tumor cells was dependent on the route of injection: Soon after iv injection, more 125IUDR-labeled B16 cells were localized in the lungs and fewer in the blood and other organs than after intracardiac injection. However, 1 day after the injection, the number of viable tumor cells in the lungs was independent of the route of injection, and at 14 days the quantity of resulting lung tumor colonies was similar. Variant line B16-F10 cells were better arrested and formed more tumors per input cell than B16-F1, regardless of the injection route. B16-F10 yielded only lung tumor colonies, whereas B16-F1 formed some extrapulmonary tumor growths. The results suggested that the ultimate fate of circulating tumor cells was not determined solely by nonspecific arrest in the capillary bed of the first organ encountered, and that in vivo selection could produce tumor line variants with organs preferences.
CSF and Plasma Amyloid-β Temporal Profiles and Relationships with Neurological Status and Mortality after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (2014)

The role of amyloid-β (Aβ) neuropathology and its significant changes in biofluids after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still debated. We used ultrasensitive digital ELISA approach to assess amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42) concentrations and time-course in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in plasma of patients with severe TBI and investigated their relationship to injury characteristics, neurological status and clinical outcome. We found decreased CSF Aβ42 levels in TBI patients acutely after injury with lower levels in patients who died 6 months post-injury than in survivors. Conversely, plasma Aβ42 levels were significantly increased in TBI with lower levels in patients who survived. A trend analysis showed that both CSF and plasma Aβ42 levels strongly correlated with mortality. A positive correlation between changes in CSF Aβ42 concentrations and neurological status as assessed by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was identified. Our results suggest that determination of Aβ42 may be valuable to obtain prognostic information in patients with severe TBI as well as in monitoring the response of the brain to injury.
The Neural Mechanisms of the Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Perception (2010)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique used to study perceptual, motor, and cognitive functions in the human brain. Its effects have been likened to a "virtual brain lesion," but a direct test of this assumption is lacking. To verify this hypothesis, we measured psychophysically the interaction between the neural activity induced by a visual motion-direction discrimination task and that induced by TMS. The visual stimulus featured two elements: a visual signal (dots that moved coherently in one direction) and visual noise (dots that moved randomly in many directions). Three hypotheses were tested to explain the impairment in performance as a result of TMS: 1) a decrease in signal strength; 2) an induction of randomly distributed neural noise with an accompanying decrement in system sensitivity; and 3) a suppression of relevant information processing and addition of neural noise. We provide evidence in favor of the second hypothesis by showing that TMS basically acts by adding neural noise to the perceptual process.
Porous 3-D Scaffolds from Regenerated Silk Fibroin (2004)

Three fabrication techniques, freeze-drying, salt leaching and gas foaming, were used to form porous three-dimensional silk biomaterial matrixes. Matrixes were characterized for morphological and functional properties related to processing method and conditions. The porosity of the salt leached scaffolds varied between 84 and 98% with a compressive strength up to 175 +/- 3 KPa, and the gas foamed scaffolds had porosities of 87-97% and compressive strength up to 280 +/- 4 KPa. The freeze-dried scaffolds were prepared at different freezing temperatures (-80 and -20 degrees C) and subsequently treated with different concentrations (15 and 25%) and hydrophilicity alcohols. The porosity of these scaffolds was up to 99%, and the maximum compressive strength was 30 +/- 2 KPa. Changes in silk fibroin structure during processing to form the 3D matrixes were determined by FT-IR and XrD. The salt leached and gas foaming techniques produced scaffolds with a useful combination of high compressive strength, interconnected pores, and pore sizes greater than 100 microns in diameter. The results suggest that silk-based 3D matrixes can be formed for utility in biomaterial applications.
Porous hydroxylapatite-perichondrium graft in cricoid reconstruction. (1987)

Composite grafts of hydroxylapatite-perichondrium were used for reconstructing defects in the cricoid of young rabbits. The alloplastic material showed no signs of resorption; it was firmly attached to the surrounding tissues by ingrowing connective tissue; only a moderate foreign body reaction was observed. The perichondrium formed new cartilage around the hydroxylapatite.
Pharmacotherapy for Adult ADHD (2009)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved 3 medications, atomoxetine and the extended-release formulations of amphetamine salts and dexmethylphenidate, for the treatment of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Different formulations of the same drugs, as well as other agents and cognitive-behavioral therapy, have been tested to determine efficacy in ADHD alone and in ADHD with comorbid substance use disorders, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders. A deficit in research exists in regard to these comorbidities in adults with ADHD.
Field Trials and Performance Monitoring of Distributed Solar Panels Using a Low-Cost Wireless Sensors Network for Domestic Applications (2011)

Use of solar panels is gaining an ever increasing foothold in society, especially on the roof of the houses for feeding domestic electrical appliances in recent times. In many situations, the expensive solar panels stop working due to some external nuisances which goes unnoticed to the users. There is a need of a low-cost monitoring system to get information of the defected solar panels for timely repair and maintenance. The design, development, and trial work of a performance monitoring system of distributed solar panels along with automated data logging based on a low-cost wireless sensors network has been reported to help the current situation. The developed system can be used up to 146 V and 15.5 A solar cell systems with automatic selection of best resolutions. The system can be extended for wide range of solar cells for material research and development activities. The fabricated system has been used for field trials and very satisfactory results are obtained.
Improving the tolerance of a protein a analogue to repeated alkaline exposures using a bypass mutagenesis approach (2004)

Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) is a cell surface protein expressed by Staphylococcus aureus. It consists of five repetitive domains. The five SPA-domains show individual interaction to the Fc-fragment as well as certain Fab-fragments of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from most mammalian species. Due to the high affinity and selectivity of SPA, it has a widespread use as an affinity ligand for capture and purification of antibodies. One of the problems with proteinaceous affinity ligands in large-scale purification is their sensitivity to alkaline conditions. SPA however, is considered relatively stable to alkaline treatment. Nevertheless, it is desirable to further improve the stability in order to enable an SPA-based affinity medium to withstand even longer exposure to the harsh conditions associated with cleaning-in-place (CIP) procedures. For this purpose, a protein engineering strategy, which was used earlier for stabilization and consists of replacing the asparagine residues, is employed. Since Z in its "nonengineered" form already has a significant tolerance to alkaline treatment, small changes in stability due to the mutations are difficult to assess. Hence, in order to enable detection of improvements regarding the alkaline resistance of the Z domain, we chose to use a bypass mutagenesis strategy using a mutated variant Z(F30A) as a surrogate framework. Z(F30A) has earlier been shown to possess an affinity to IgG that is similar to the wild-type but also demonstrates decreased structural stability. Since the contribution of the different asparagine residues to the deactivation rate of a ligand is dependent on the environment and also the structural flexibility of the particular region, it is important to consider all sensitive amino acids one by one. The parental Z-domain contains eight asparagine residues, each with a different impact on the alkaline stability of the domain. By exchanging asparagine 23 for a threonine, we were able to increase the stability of the Z(F30A) domain in alkaline conditions. Also, when grafting the N23T mutation to the Z scaffold, we were able to detect an increased tolerance to alkaline treatment compared to the native Z molecule.
A single nucleotide change in the E2 glycoprotein gene of Sindbis virus affects penetration rate in cell culture and virulence in neonatal mice. (1986)

The nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein genes of fully virulent Sindbis virus and derived mutants that have reduced neurovirulence for neonatal mice (attenuated mutants) has been determined. A single amino acid difference, arginine instead of serine at position 114 of the mature E2 glycoprotein, distinguished the prototype attenuated mutant from its virulent wild-type parent. Virulent revertants of the attenuated mutant showed same-site reversion to the wild-type sequence. An identical single amino acid substitution, an arginine for the serine at E2 position 114, was found in a second independently selected attenuated mutant. The strains are characterized by genetic linkage between attenuation, accelerated penetration of baby hamster kidney cells, and efficient neutralization by the E2-specific monoclonal antibodies R6 and R13; selection for change in one property simultaneously selected for change in the other two (Olmsted, R. A., Baric, R. S., Sawyer, B. A. & Johnston, R. E. (1984) Science 225, 424-427 and Olmsted, R. A., Meyer, W. J. & Johnston, R. E. (1986) Virology 148, 1-10). The nucleotide sequence data suggest that a single mutation in the E2 gene is sufficient to cause these coordinate phenotypic changes. These findings identify a single locus in a Sindbis virus surface glycoprotein gene that determines both efficiency of interaction with cultured baby hamster kidney cells and degree of virulence in neonatal mice.
The Opportunistic Human PathogenAcinetobacter baumanniiSenses and Responds to Light (2010)

Light is a ubiquitous environmental signal that many organisms sense and respond to by modulating their physiological responses accordingly. While this is an expected response among phototrophic microorganisms, the ability of chemotrophic prokaryotes to sense and react to light has become a puzzling and novel issue in bacterial physiology, particularly among bacterial pathogens. In this work, we show that the opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii senses and responds to blue light. Motility and formation of biofilms and pellicles were observed only when bacterial cells were incubated in darkness. In contrast, the killing of Candida albicans filaments was enhanced when they were cocultured with bacteria under light. These bacterial responses depend on the expression of the A. baumannii ATCC 17978 A1S_2225 gene, which codes for an 18.6-kDa protein that contains an N-terminal blue-light-sensing-using flavin (BLUF) domain and lacks a detectable output domain(s). Spectral analyses of the purified recombinant protein showed its ability to sense light by a red shift upon illumination. Therefore, the A1S_2225 gene, which is present in several members of the Acinetobacter genus, was named blue-light-sensing A (blsA). Interestingly, temperature plays a role in the ability of A. baumannii to sense and respond to light via the BlsA photoreceptor protein.
Ka-band surface-mount directional coupler fabricated using micro-rectangular coaxial transmission lines (2008)

2.5-dimensional, 10-dB and 20-dB directional couplers, are designed and fabricated using air-core rectangular coaxial transmission lines. The couplers are both smaller than 1.8 by 4.2mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with probing points. The measured performance of the coupler is in agreement with full-wave simulations. The components are designed such that probing or flip-chip attachment can be done with the same structures. A flip-chip transition from rectangular coax to traditional co-planar waveguide is also presented.
Tunable-Delay Shunts for Paper Microfluidic Devices (2013)

We demonstrate a novel method for controlling fluid flow in paper-based devices. The method delays fluid progress through a porous channel by diverting fluid into an absorbent pad-based shunt placed into contact with the channel. Parameters to control the delay include the length and the thickness of the shunt. Using this method, reproducible delays ranging from 3 to 20 min were achieved. A simple electrical circuit model was presented and used to predict the delays in a system. Results from the model showed good agreement with experimental observations. Finally, the shunts were used for the sequential delivery of fluids to a detection zone in a point-of-care compatible folding card device using biochemical reagents for the amplified detection of the malaria protein PfHRP2.
Antitumor Effects of Doxorubicin in Combination With Anti-epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies (1993)

Clinical trials with anti-EGF receptor MAbs are being conducted, and trials with anti-EGF receptor MAbs combined with doxorubicin are planned.
Retinoids and breast cancer: new clues to increase their activity and selectivity (2012)

All-trans retinoic acid and derivatives (retinoids) are promising agents in the management of certain hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, including breast cancer. Retinoids are endowed with anti-proliferative, cyto-differentiating and apoptotic effects that are largely mediated by activation of the nuclear hormone retinoic acid receptors RARα, RARβ and RARγ. These are ligand-dependent transcriptional factors controlling the expression of numerous genes. The relative importance of each receptor subtype for the anti-tumor activity of retinoids is largely unknown. Clarification of this point is of fundamental importance for the rational design of retinoid-based therapeutic approaches aimed at controlling a heterogeneous type of tumors, like breast cancer.
Exploring Remote Object Coherence in XMLWeb Services (2006)

Object-level coherence in distributed applications and systems has been studied extensively. Object coherence in platform-specific and tightly-coupled systems is achieved with binary serialization protocols to ensure data structures and object graphs are safely transmitted, manipulated, and stored. On the opposite side of the spectrum are platform-neutral Web services that embrace XML as a serialization protocol for building loosely coupled systems. The advantages of XML to connect heterogeneous systems are plenty, but rendering programming-language specific data structures and object graphs in text form incurs a performance hit and presents challenges for systems that require object coherence. Achieving the latter goal poses difficulties by a phenomenon that is sometimes referred to as the "impedance mismatch" between programming language data types and XML schema types. This paper examines the problem, debunks the O/X-mismatch controversy, and presents a mix of static/dynamic algorithms for accurate XML serialization. Experimental results show that the implementation in C/C++ is efficient and competitive to binary protocols. Application of the approach to other programming languages, such as Java, is also discussed
ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes ‐ application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts (1993)

We have designed two taxon-selective primers for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in the nuclear ribosomal repeat unit. These primers, ITS1-F and ITS4-B, were intended to be specific to fungi and basidiomycetes, respectively. We have tested the specificity of these primers against 13 species of ascomycetes, 14 of basidiomycetes, and 15 of plants. Our results showed that ITS4-B, when paired with either a 'universal' primer ITS1 or the fungal-specific primer ITS1-F, efficiently amplified DNA from all basidiomycetes and discriminated against ascomycete DNAs. The results with plants were not as clearcut. The ITS1-F/ITS4-B primer pair produced a small amount of PCR product for certain plant species, but the quantity was in most cases less than that produced by the 'universal' ITS primers. However, under conditions where both plant and fungal DNAs were present, the fungal DNA was amplified to the apparent exclusion of plant DNA. ITS1-F/ITS4-B preferential amplification was shown to be particularly useful for detection and analysis of the basidiomycete component in ectomycorrhizae and in rust-infected tissues. These primers can be used to study the structure of ectomycorrhizal communities or the distribution of rusts on alternate hosts.