gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine and phenylalanine restriction sensitizes adriamycin‐resistant P388 leukemia cells to adriamycin (1996)

Cancer chemotherapy frequently fails, because tumors develop multiple drug resistance (MDR). Pharmacological efforts to reverse this MDR phenotype and sensitize resistant tumor cells have utilized verapamil (VER) to inhibit p-glycoprotein function and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to inhibit glutathione synthesis. Our previous results indicate that restriction of two amino acids, tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe), may potentially suppress the MDR phenotype. These results show that in vivo Tyr and Phe restriction improves the therapeutic response of a metastatic variant of B16-BL6 (BL6) murine melanoma to adriamycin (ADR) and B16 melanoma to levodopa methyl ester. We examine whether in vitro limitation of Tyr and Phe suppresses ADR resistance of BL6 cells and whether Tyr-Phe modulation of the MDR phenotype is applicable to other tumor types, particularly P388 murine leukemia. Mechanisms underlying Tyr-Phe modulation of ADR resistance are examined in the presence of VER and BSO, singly and in combination. Our results indicate that in vitro Tyr and Phe restriction has no effect on BL6 resistance to ADR. However, Tyr and Phe restriction does increase the sensitivity of ADR-resistant P388 cells to ADR without affecting drug efflux, ADR uptake, or glutathione levels. In addition, this enhanced ADR sensitivity of P388 cells is even more pronounced in the presence of BSO. Suppression of ADR resistance in P388-resistant cells by Tyr and Phe restriction indicates that Tyr- and Phe-mediated modulation of the MDR phenotype is possible and that Tyr and Phe restriction may be useful as a potential adjuvant to effective cancer chemotherapy.
Double determinant immunoassay to measure a human high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen. (1983)

Using monoclonal antibodies to distinct determinants of a human high-molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA), a double determinant immunoassay has been developed. The assay is specific and reproducible. Its sensitivity is influenced by the incubation time of antibodies with antigen sources and the combination of antibodies, as well as by the pH of the buffer and the incubation time used to coat plates with antibodies. Testing with the double determinant immunoassay of Nonidet P-40 extracts of human cell lines and of surgically removed normal and malignant tissues has confirmed the restricted tissue distribution of the HMW-MAA. In addition, significant differences have been found in the level of HMW-MAA in melanoma cell lines, as well as in melanoma lesions removed from different patients and from different sites of a given patient. The amount of HMW-MAA shed by various melanoma cell lines does not correlate with their cell surface expression and with their level in Nonidet P-40 extracts. Interferon and hyperthermia increase the shedding of the HMW-MAA by melanoma cells.
Adult vitelliform macular dystrophy is frequently associated with mutations in the peripherin/RDS gene (1997)

Mutations in the peripherin/RDS gene, which encodes a photoreceptor-specific membrane glycoprotein, have been identified in a variety of retinal phenotypes. However, the mechanisms by which specific mutations in this gene can cause typical features of retinal dystrophies clinically as distinct as retinitis pigmentosa or macular degeneration are still unknown. Recently, a single case of adult vitelliform macular dystrophy (AVMD) has been associated with a Y258Stop mutation. To assess the frequency of peripherin/RDS mutations in the clinically heterogeneous group of AVMD, we analyzed the entire coding region of the gene in 28 unrelated patients. We identified five novel mutations including two presumed null allele mutations. Thus, our results demonstrate that a significant portion of AVMD patients (18%) carry point mutations in peripherin/RDS, suggesting that this gene is frequently involved in the pathogenesis of this macular disorder. In addition, this study shows that the variable phenotypes in AVMD are due, at least in part, to genetic heterogeneity and are likely to be caused by mutations in disease genes thus far unknown.
Effect of Nicardipine Prolonged-Release Implants on Cerebral Vasospasm and Clinical Outcome After Severe Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2006)

Implantation of NPRIs reduces the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and delayed ischemic deficits and improves clinical outcome after severe subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Alignment Controlled Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Quartz Substrates (2009)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) possess extraordinary electrical properties, with many possible applications in electronics. Dense, horizontally aligned arrays of linearly configured SWNTs represent perhaps the most attractive and scalable way to implement this class of nanomaterial in practical systems. Recent work shows that templated growth of tubes on certain crystalline substrates yields arrays with the necessary levels of perfection, as demonstrated by the formation of devices and full systems on quartz. This paper examines advanced implementations of this process on crystalline quartz substrates with different orientations, to yield strategies for forming diverse, but well-defined horizontal configurations of SWNTs. Combined experimental and theoretical studies indicate that angle-dependent van der Waals interactions can account for nearly all aspects of alignment on quartz with X, Y, Z, and ST cuts, as well as quartz with disordered surface layers. These findings provide important insights into methods for guided growth of SWNTs, and possibly other classes of nanomaterials, for applications in electronics, sensing, photodetection, light emission, and other areas.
Elastin-Like Peptide Amphiphiles Form Nanofibers with Tunable Length (2012)

Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) self-assemble nanostructures with potential applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Some PAs share environmentally responsive behavior with their peptide components. Here we report a new type of PAs biologically inspired from human tropoelastin. Above a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) undergo a reversible inverse phase transition. Similar to other PAs, elastin-like PAs (ELPAs) assemble micelles with fiber-like nanostructures. Similar to ELPs, ELPAs have inverse phase transition behavior. Here we demonstrate control over the ELPAs fiber length and cellular uptake. In addition, we observed that both peptide assembly and nanofiber phase separation are accompanied by a distinctive secondary structure attributed primarily to a type-1 β turn. We also demonstrate increased solubility of hydrophobic paclitaxel (PAX) in the presence of ELPAs. Due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and environmental responsiveness, elastin-inspired biopolymers are an emerging platform for drug and cell delivery; furthermore, the discovery of ELPAs may provide a new and useful approach to engineer these materials into stimuli-responsive gels and drug carriers.
Coded aperture computed tomography (2009)

Diverse physical measurements can be modeled by X-ray transforms. While X-ray tomography is the canonical example, reference structure tomography (RST) and coded aperture snapshot spectral imaging (CASSI) are examples of physically unrelated but mathematically equivalent sensor systems. Historically, most x-ray transform based systems sample continuous distributions and apply analytical inversion processes. On the other hand, RST and CASSI generate discrete multiplexed measurements implemented with coded apertures. This multiplexing of coded measurements allows for compression of measurements from a compressed sensing perspective. Compressed sensing (CS) is a revelation that if the object has a sparse representation in some basis, then a certain number, but typically much less than what is prescribed by Shannon's sampling rate, of random projections captures enough information for a highly accurate reconstruction of the object. This paper investigates the role of coded apertures in x-ray transform measurement systems (XTMs) in terms of data efficiency and reconstruction fidelity from a CS perspective. To conduct this, we construct a unified analysis using RST and CASSI measurement models. Also, we propose a novel compressive x-ray tomography measurement scheme which also exploits coding and multiplexing, and hence shares the analysis of the other two XTMs. Using this analysis, we perform a qualitative study on how coded apertures can be exploited to implement physical random projections by "regularizing" the measurement systems. Numerical studies and simulation results demonstrate several examples of the impact of coding.
Recovery concepts for data sharing systems (2002)

Crash and media recovery problems that have to be addressed in data sharing systems are addressed. Recovery is complicated by dependencies on other functions such as buffer management and concurrency control. Furthermore, a global log file is to be constructed where the modifications of committed transactions are reflected in chronological order. Logging and recovery protocols that employ the primary copy approach for concurrency/coherence control are proposed for loosely coupled data sharing systems. A comparison with existing data sharing system shows that the protocols support high performance during normal processing as well as efficient recovery that provides high availability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Reactive Intermediates. Part 5. Reactions of Ketene Dimer with Benzimidazole. (1986)

Abstract Benzimidazol (I) reagiert mit Diketen (II) bei Raumtemperatur zum Pyridon (III), das mit Salzsäure bzw. Schwefelsäure in die Hydrolyseprodukte (IV) bzw. (V) übergeführt wird.
The current and future state of companion diagnostics (2015)

Companion diagnostics are an indispensable part of personalized medicine and will likely continue to rapidly increase in number and application to disease areas. The first companion diagnostics were launched in the 1980s and in the face of significant initial skepticism from drug developers as to whether segmenting a drug's market through a diagnostic was advisable. The commercial success of drugs such as Herceptin® (trastuzumab) and Gleevec® (imatinib), which both require testing with companion diagnostics before they can be prescribed, has moved the entire companion diagnostic field forward. From an initial start of a handful of oncology drugs with corresponding diagnostics, the field has expanded to include multiple therapeutic areas, and the number of combinations has grown by 12-fold. Based on drugs in clinical trials, the rapid growth will likely continue for the foreseeable future. This expansion of companion diagnostics will also have a global component as markets in Europe will evolve in a similar but not identical pattern as the US. One of the greatest challenges to future growth in companion diagnostics is aligning the incentives of all stakeholders. A major driver of growth will continue to be the economic incentives for drug developers to pair their products with diagnostics. However, diagnostic companies are caught between the conflicting demands of two major stakeholders, pharmaceutical companies on one hand and payers/providers on the other. Regulators are also becoming more demanding in aligning development time lines between drugs and diagnostics. In order to survive and prosper, diagnostic companies will need to think more broadly about companion diagnostics than the historical match between a specific drug and a single diagnostic. They will also have to continue the process of consolidation and global expansion that the industry has already begun. Despite these potential obstacles, companion diagnostics have become one of the hottest areas of deal making in the diagnostic space in recent years, and the future trends continue to look bright.
Dialogia e marcas de oralidade em A mulher que escreveu a bíblia de Moacyr Scliar (2016)

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a presença de uma tradição oral, captada pela experiência, pela memória e por uma estilização do discurso escrito, dentro da literatura contemporânea, em especial no romance A mulher que escreveu a Bíblia de Moacyr Scliar. Para tanto, admitiremos como ponto de partida uma tentativa de conceitualização do objeto texto, concebendo-o como forma diretamente ligada ao universo sonoro (e, portanto, oral), e na seqüência, pretenderemos revelar as marcas de oralidade impressas não apenas na construção do discurso, como também na atualização de uma tradição que é pretendida na voz da narração.
Cycloalkyl Indole-2-Carboxylates as Useful Tools for Mapping the "North-Eastern" Region of the Glycine Binding Site Associated with the NMDA Receptor (1999)

A novel series of indole-2-carboxylate analogues of GV 150526 (1) in which the terminal phenyl ring belonging to the side chain present in the position C-3 has been replaced with a bridged cycloalkyl group was synthesized and evaluated for its pharmacological profile. Modelling studies on this class of novel glycine antagonist allowed us to identify an asymmetric lipophilic pocket present in the "North-Eastern" region of the pharmacophoric model of the glycine binding site associated to the NMDA receptor. Among the derivatives prepared, 3-[2-(1-adamantylaminocarbonyl)ethenyl]-4,6-dichloroindole-2 -carboxylic acid 6b and 3-[2-(norbornylaminocarbonyl)ethenyl]-4,6-dichloroindole-2-c arboxylic acid 6l were found to be antagonists acting at the strychnine-insensitive glycine binding site, showing nanomolar affinity for the glycine binding site (Ki = 63 and 19 nM, respectively), coupled with high glutamate receptor selectivity (IC50 > 10(-5) M at the NMDA, AMPA, KA binding sites) and high in vivo potency after systemic administration by inhibition of convulsion induced by NMDA in mice.
Integrated Power Systems for Future Transport Aircraft (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes and discusses ways to improve future transport aircraft through integration within the power generation, distribution and utilization elements of the secondary power systems&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Integration of hardware and functions along with power management and selection of a common single type of secondary power distribution is shown to offer advantages in cost, weight, fuel efficiency and reliability for the future transport aircraft fleet.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Strengths and weaknesses of recent integration efforts, primarily the Power-By-Wire concept are discussed and analyzed.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The concept of “revolutionary” versus “evolutionary” technology development and implementation is discussed and it is shown that in the case of secondary power system development, the process must be evolutionary. Also, a set of criteria relating to this implementation is given, and the ideal subsystem for starting this development is shown to be the Environmental Control System (ECS).&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Some specific design work relating to implementing these concepts into a near term target transport aircraft is shown, and a novel subsystem design approach is given.&lt;/div&gt;
Rabies Virus Glycoprotein Analogs: Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (1983)

The surface of rabies virus is composed of an approximately 60,000 dalton glycoprotein, in which most of the antigenic and immunogenic determinants of the virus reside. We have constructed plasmids for the direct expression in Escherichia coli of the mature full length rabies glycoprotein gene and also for the expression of a glycoprotein gene which has been truncated to exclude the coding region for a hydrophobic, possibly transmembrane, domain of the protein. Escherichia coli harboring the plasmids synthesize analog proteins which conform by several biochemical and antigenic criteria to rabies glycoprotein.
Genetic, cellular and molecular mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (2010)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an uncommon disorder that may be hereditable, idiopathic or associated with conditions like drug exposure, connective tissue disease, HIV infection or congenital heart disease. Familial disease are usually due to mutations in the bone morphogenic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2), activin-like kinase-type 1 (ALK1) and endoglin (ENG). Functional and structural changes in the pulmonary vasculature lead to increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Vascular remodeling involves endothelial dysfunction, activation of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells and recruitment of circulating progenitor cells. Vasoconstriction has also been shown to affect the remodeling process. Genetics, cellular and molecular basis of PAH are discussed in the paper.
Location of regulatory elements responsible for drug induction in the rat cytochrome P-450c gene. (1986)

The synthesis of cytochrome P-450c is induced remarkably in cultured cells as well as animal tissues in response to added chemicals such as 3-methylcholanthrene and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin. To study this mechanism, we joined the sequence of 5'-flanking and upstream regions of the P-450c gene to the structural gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. The fusion gene was introduced into Hepa-1 cells for the assay of the expressed acetyltransferase activity. At least three cis-acting regulatory regions that are responsible for the inductive expression were determined in the sequences from nucleotide -3674 to -3067, from -1682 to -1429, and from -1139 to -1029, relative to the transcription start site, by external deletion analysis. Further detailed analysis of the region (nucleotides -1139 to -1029) most influential on the inducibility revealed that a regulatory element consisting of 10 base pairs termed a drug regulatory element (DRE) and its homologues were tandemly arranged in this region. The consensus sequence deduced from DREs is 5'-GCNTGAGGCTGGG-3'. The regulatory sequence from nucleotide -1140 to -844 is capable of conferring inducibility on a heterologous promoter in a manner independent of its orientation and distance from the subordinate promoter.
A Model for the Study of Experimental Bone Metastases. (1964)

Fibrosarcoma induced in the pituitary by feeding 3-MC to a castrated male Sprague-Dawley rat, has been transplanted into the medullary cavity of the femur in female animals. Growth progress within the bone has been successfully demonstrated by X-rays. Parathyroidectomy prior to introduction of the tumor significantly prolongs the survival time of the animal.
Detection of the placental epigenetic signature of themaspingene in maternal plasma (2005)

The discovery of fetal DNA in the plasma of pregnant women has opened up new approaches for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis and monitoring. Up to now, the lack of a fetal DNA marker that can be universally detected in maternal plasma has limited the clinical application of this technology. We hypothesized that epigenetic differences between the placenta and maternal blood cells could be used for developing such a marker. By using bisulfite DNA sequencing, the methylation status of the maspin gene promoter in placental tissues and paired maternal blood cells from pregnant women was analyzed. The maspin gene promoter was found to be hypomethylated in placental tissues and densely methylated in maternal blood cells. Genotyping of a single nucleotide polymorphism within the unmethylated maspin sequences in maternal plasma demonstrated that these sequences were derived from the fetus. By using real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR, unmethylated maspin sequences were detected in maternal plasma in all three trimesters of pregnancy and were cleared within 24 h after delivery. The maternal plasma concentration of unmethylated maspin sequences was elevated by a median of 5.7 times in preeclamptic pregnancies compared with nonpreeclamptic pregnancies. Hypomethylated maspin DNA is the first universal marker for fetal DNA in maternal plasma, thus allowing the measurement of fetal DNA concentrations in pregnancy-associated disorders, irrespective of fetal gender and genetic polymorphisms. Differential DNA methylation between the placenta and maternal blood cells may be exploited to develop further markers for noninvasive prenatal assessment.
Role ofVHLGene Mutation in Human Cancer (2004)

Germline inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene causes the von Hippel-Lindau hereditary cancer syndrome, and somatic mutations of this gene have been linked to the development of sporadic hemangioblastomas and clear-cell renal carcinomas. The VHL tumor suppressor protein (pVHL), through its oxygen-dependent polyubiquitylation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), plays a central role in the mammalian oxygen-sensing pathway. This interaction between pVHL and HIF is governed by post-translational prolyl hydroxylation of HIF in the presence of oxygen by a conserved family of Egl-nine (EGLN) enzymes. In the absence of pVHL, HIF becomes stabilized and is free to induce the expression of its target genes, many of which are important in regulating angiogenesis, cell growth, or cell survival. Moreover, preliminary data indicate that HIF plays a critical role in pVHL-defective tumor formation, raising the possibility that drugs directed against HIF or its downstream targets (such as vascular endothelial growth factor) might one day play a role in the treatment of hemangioblastoma and renal cell carcinoma. On the other hand, clear genotype-phenotype correlations are emerging in VHL disease and can be rationalized if pVHL has functions separate from its control of HIF.
플립칩 솔더 접합부의 열*기계적 신뢰성 평가(II):II.무연솔더 (2006)

The microstructural investigation and thermo-mechanical reliability evaluation of the conventional Sn-37Pb solder bumped flip chip package were carried out during the thermal shock test of the package. In the initial reaction, the reaction product between the solder and Cu mini bump of the chip side was Cu6Sn5 IMC layer, while a layer of Ni3Sn4 was formed between the solder and electroless Ni-P layer of the package side. The primary failure mechanism of the solder joints in this type of test method and package was confirmed to be thermally activated solder fatigue failure. The brittle interfacial failure mode was sometimes detected from the cross-sectional studies, but nearly whole of the failed packages showed the occurrence of the typical fatigue cracks.
Scalability support in HEVC (2012)

A scalability extension design is proposed to the upcoming High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, to support spatial and SNR scalability. The design attempts to minimize changes needed for the enhancement layer codec from the single layer HEVC codec, re-using existing tools exactly wherever possible. Experimental results are provided for the 2 layer spatial scalability case with 1:2 ratio in each dimension, although the design can be extended to any spatial ratios and to more than 2 layers. Coding gains of up to 24.4% vs. HEVC simulcast coding are shown.
Optimal timing of injection of once‐daily insulin glargine in people with Type 1 diabetes using insulin lispro at meal‐times (2005)

Blood glucose levels rise around the time of injection of insulin glargine whether given at lunch-time, dinner-time or bed-time. Bed-time injection leads to hyperglycaemia in the early part of the night which is improved by giving insulin glargine at lunch-time or dinner-time.