gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fremanezumab for the Preventive Treatment of Chronic Migraine (2017)

Fremanezumab as a preventive treatment for chronic migraine resulted in a lower frequency of headache than placebo in this 12-week trial. Injection-site reactions to the drug were common. The long-term durability and safety of fremanezumab require further study. (Funded by Teva Pharmaceuticals; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02621931 .).
Large‐Area Assembly of Densely Aligned Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Solution Shearing and Their Application to Field‐Effect Transistors (2015)

Dense alignment of single-walled carbon nanotubes over a large area is demonstrated using a novel solution-shearing technique. A density of 150-200 single-walled carbon nanotubes per micro-meter is achieved with a current density of 10.08 μA μm(-1) at VDS = -1 V. The on-current density is improved by a factor of 45 over that of random-network single-walled carbon nanotubes.
[Treatment of acne vulgaris. A comparison of doxycycline versus minocycline]. (1989)

In the course of a randomized, comparative, clinical study, 50 patients with acne vulgaris received systemic treatment with a single daily dose of 50 mg doxycycline or two daily doses of 50 mg minocycline. At the completion of the 12-week treatment, cure or improvement of acne was found in 78% of the patients in the doxycycline group compared to 82% in the minocycline group. The rate of unsatisfactory therapeutic results was 22% in the doxycycline group and 18% in the group of patients treated with minocycline. The results showed no significant difference between the clinical efficacy of treating acne vulgaris with doxycycline at a daily dose of 50 mg and 100 mg of minocycline daily, a fact which has already been demonstrated by earlier studies.
Bright organic electroluminescent devices having a metal-doped electron-injecting layer (1998)

Bright organic electroluminescent devices were developed using a metal-doped organic layer as an electron-injecting layer at the interface between the cathode and the emitter layer. The typical device structure is a glass substrate/indium-tin oxide/arylamine/tris(8-quinolinolato)Al (Alq)/metal-doped Alq/Al. Dopant metals are highly reactive metals such as Li, Sr, and Sm. A device with Li-doped Alq layer showed high luminance of over 30 000 cd/m2, while a device without the metal-doped Alq layer exhibited only 3400 cd/m2. These results suggest that the Li doping to the Alq layer generates the radical anions of Alq serving as intrinsic electron carriers, which result in low barrier height for electron injection and high electron conductivity of the Li-doped Alq layer.
Useful syntheses of erythro- and threo-N-oleoyl-D-sphingosines (ceramides) and galactosylceramides (cerebrosides) from L-serine (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUseful syntheses of erythro- and threo-N-oleoyl-D-sphingosines (ceramides) and galactosylceramides (cerebrosides) from L-serinePeter Tkaczuk and Edward R. ThorntonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 22, 4393–4398Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00335a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00335a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A novel disialoganglioside (IV3NeuAcIII6NeuAcLc4) of human adenocarcinoma and the monoclonal antibody (FH9) defining this disialosyl structure (1986)

This ganglioside is highly immunogenic, and immunization of mice with this disialoganglioside fraction coated on Salmonella minnesota followed by fusion of immunized spleen cells with mouse myeloma and selection of the hybridoma by positive reactivity with the purified disialoganglioside resulted in the establishment of a hybridoma secreting immunoglobulin G2a antibody FH9 that reacts specifically with the ganglioside antigen above but not with monosialosyllactotetraosylceramide I (IV3NeuAcLc4), monosialosyllactotetraosylceramide II (III6NeuAcLc4), or any other gangliosides tested.
Thiol-Specific and Nonspecific Interactions between DNA and Gold Nanoparticles (2006)

The contribution of nonspecific interactions to the overall interactions of thiol-ssDNA and dsDNA macromolecules with gold nanoparticles was investigated. A systematic investigation utilizing dynamic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy has been performed to directly measure and visualize the changes in particle size and appearance during functionalization of gold nanoparticles with thiol-ssDNA and nonthiolated dsDNA. The results show that both thiol-ssDNA and dsDNA do stabilize gold nanoparticle dispersions, but possible nonspecific interactions between the hydrophobic DNA bases and the gold surface promote interparticle interactions and cause aggregation within rather a short period of time. We also discuss the adsorption mechanisms of dsDNA and thiol-ssDNA to gold particles.
CDD: specific functional annotation with the Conserved Domain Database (2008)

NCBI's Conserved Domain Database (CDD) is a collection of multiple sequence alignments and derived database search models, which represent protein domains conserved in molecular evolution. The collection can be accessed at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cdd.shtml, and is also part of NCBI's Entrez query and retrieval system, cross-linked to numerous other resources. CDD provides annotation of domain footprints and conserved functional sites on protein sequences. Precalculated domain annotation can be retrieved for protein sequences tracked in NCBI's Entrez system, and CDD's collection of models can be queried with novel protein sequences via the CD-Search service at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi. Starting with the latest version of CDD, v2.14, information from redundant and homologous domain models is summarized at a superfamily level, and domain annotation on proteins is flagged as either 'specific' (identifying molecular function with high confidence) or as 'non-specific' (identifying superfamily membership only).
Promoter trans-activation of protooncogenes c-fos and c-myc, but not c-Ha-ras, by products of adenovirus early region 1A. (1987)

The E1A (early region 1A) oncogene products of adenovirus type 2 trans-activate the other early viral transcription units, as well as some cellular promoters. Using a short-term cotransfection assay in murine NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, we show that c-fos and c-myc promoter activities are stimulated by the E1A proteins, whereas c-Ha-ras transcription is not affected. The product of E1A 13S mRNA is responsible for the trans-activation, whereas the 12S mRNA product has no effect. Analysis of the c-fos promoter sequences required for the E1A stimulation shows that responsive sequences are located between positions -402 and -240 upstream of the transcription initiation site. This same region also contains the c-fos serum-responsive element. Furthermore, transcription of the endogenous c-fos gene in HeLa cells is increased after E1A transfection.
Blue Diode Lasers (2000)

The recent achievement of compact blue-emitting gallium nitride semiconductor lasers is likely to have far-reaching technological and commercial effects. The lasers' short wavelengths—around 400 nm, half that of gallium arsenide-based lasers—permit higher spatial resolution in applications such as optical storage and printing. And the high photon energy will open up new applications for these inexpensive, compact light sources. An aesthetic satisfaction with these devices stems from finally extending the existing and mature semiconductor laser technology for the near-infrared and red to encompass the “new frontier” blue and near-ultraviolet regions, thereby bridging the entire visible spectrum. At the same time, there are significant research opportunities arising from a plethora of poorly understood microscopic issues in the underlying material system, which include such fundamental properties as charge control, transport, and formation of optical gain for stimulated emission.
A phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of oral azacitidine in subjects with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (2008)

7091 Background: Azacitidine, a cytidine analog, through its effects on DNA metabolism, gene expression, and cell differentiation, has proven beneficial in treatment of MDS and AML. Most notably, prolonged azacitidine therapy recently has been shown to approximately double 2-year survival in higher-risk MDS subjects compared to conventional care. Azacitidine is currently approved for intermittent subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous administration. Development of an oral formulation would provide more convenient dosing, eliminate injection-site reactions, and allow evaluation of novel, continuous low-dose regimens that may sustain demethylation and improve efficacy. A proprietary formulation of oral azacitidine was shown to be absorbed in a pilot, single-dose study (ASCO 2007). Methods: This is a multicenter, open-label, Phase 1, sequential design, dose-escalation study of oral azacitidine. The study is designed to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose limiting toxicities (DLTs), safety, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of increasing doses of orally administered azacitidine in subjects with MDS or AML. Azacitidine was administered SC (75 mg/m2/day x 7 days) during cycle 1, then orally starting at 120 mg x 7 days/28 day cycle. Drug levels were measured in plasma and urine, and PD effects including global LINE methylation and gene-specific methylation were assayed. Results: Currently, no toxicities have been observed in subjects who have completed both the SC and oral phases of the study at 120 mg. The study continues at the 180 mg dose level. Preliminary PK analysis indicates detectable plasma levels at the 120 mg oral dose. A comparison of plasma PK profiles and PD effects of azacitidine administered at increasing oral doses compared to those of azacitidine administered SC at the approved dose of 75 mg/m2/day for all subjects evaluated to date will be presented. Conclusions: Initial results of oral 5-azacitidine indicate that this formulation is orally bioavailable and safe in subjects with MDS. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pharmion Corporation Pharmion Corporation Pharmion Corporation Pharmion Corporation Pharmion Corporation
Structure and Corrosion Behavior of Electrodeposited Ni-P Alloys (1989)

The effect of phosphorus content on the structure and corrosion resistance of electrodeposited Ni-P alloys was investigated. The phosphorus content of the plated film decreased with increasing current density and decreasing H3PO3 content in plating electrolyte. X-ray diffraction revealed that the deposits containing 16.7-25.6at% P are amorphous, while 8.7 at% P alloy consists of the mixture of amorphous matrix with fcc crystals. The amorphous Ni-P alloy deposits (≥16.7at% P) possess excellent corrosion resistance compared with a Ni-8.7 P deposit containing crystalline fcc phase and a pure Ni deposit. The optical micrographs and EPMA analysis of the cross section of amorphous Ni-P deposits showed that the deposits were composed of finely spaced lamellar structure consisting of alternately low and high phosphorus content layers.
Focused Ultrasound-enabled Brain Tumor Liquid Biopsy (2018)

Although blood-based liquid biopsies have emerged as a promising non-invasive method to detect biomarkers in various cancers, limited progress has been made for brain tumors. One major obstacle is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which hinders efficient passage of tumor biomarkers into the peripheral circulation. The objective of this study was to determine whether FUS in combination with microbubbles can enhance the release of biomarkers from the brain tumor to the blood circulation. Two glioblastoma tumor models (U87 and GL261), developed by intracranial injection of respective enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-transduced glioblastoma cells, were treated by FUS in the presence of systemically injected microbubbles. Effect of FUS on plasma eGFP mRNA levels was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. eGFP mRNA were only detectable in the FUS-treated U87 mice and undetectable in the untreated U87 mice (maximum cycle number set to 40). This finding was replicated in GL261 mice across three different acoustic pressures. The circulating levels of eGFP mRNA were 1,500-4,800 fold higher in the FUS-treated GL261 mice than that of the untreated mice for the three acoustic pressures. This study demonstrated the feasibility of FUS-enabled brain tumor liquid biopsies in two different murine glioma models across different acoustic pressures.
Biaryl‐Bridged Salalen Ligands and Their Application in Titanium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins with Aqueous H2O2 (2011)

Abstract A series of biaryl‐bridged salalen ligands together with their titanium complexes have been designed and synthesized. The Ti complexes could serve as highly efficient catalysts for the asymmetric epoxidation of a wide range of olefins, giving the corresponding epoxides with high ee values.
Simple Synthesis of a Chlorin - Fullerene Dyad with a Novel Ring-Closure Reaction (2000)

To model the photosynthetic reaction center, the chlorin - fullerene dyad 1 was synthesized in a one-pot reaction from a linear tetrapyrrole and C(60). It is the first dyad of this type which contains a fullerene and a chlorin unit, the chromophore of naturally occurring photosynthetic systems.
Prehospital management of the traumatized airway (1996)

Prehospital airway obstruction is common following traumatic injury. Airway management of these patients is difficult in the prehospital setting, particularly because those providing care are often not trained in the skills necessary for endotracheal intubation. As a result, a number of alternative devices are available for airway maintenance. Nevertheless, endotracheal intubation remains the gold standard in airway management. Although it provides the optimum airway and protects the airway from aspiration, its successful insertion requires regular training. Incorrect placement carries considerable risk. The laryngeal mask airway may be a suitable alternative for many situations and appears to be the best alternative to endotracheal intubation. Training in its use is straightforward and it is relatively easy to insert. Risks of aspiration appear small. The pharyngotracheal lumen airway and Combitube are both more difficult to use than the laryngeal mask airway and risk inflating the stomach if the devices are incorrectly used. Cricothyroidotomy is associated with serious complications but is only used where there is no other option. As with other techniques, it requires regular training in its use.
Control of protein functional dynamics by peptide linkers (2005)

Control of structural flexibility is essential for the proper functioning of a large number of proteins and multiprotein complexes. At the residue level, such flexibility occurs due to local relaxation of peptide bond angles whose cumulative effect may result in large changes in the secondary, tertiary or quaternary structures of protein molecules. Such flexibility, and its absence, most often depends on the nature of interdomain linkages formed by oligopeptides. Both flexible and relatively rigid peptide linkers are found in many multidomain proteins. Linkers are thought to control favorable and unfavorable interactions between adjacent domains by means of variable softness furnished by their primary sequence. Large-scale structural heterogeneity of multidomain proteins and their complexes, facilitated by soft peptide linkers, is now seen as the norm rather than the exception. Biophysical discoveries as well as computational algorithms and databases have reshaped our understanding of the often spectacular biomolecular dynamics enabled by soft linkers. Absence of such motion, as in so-called molecular rulers, also has desirable functional effects in protein architecture. We review here the historic discovery and current understanding of the nature of domains and their linkers from a structural, computational, and biophysical point of view. A number of emerging applications, based on the current understanding of the structural properties of peptides, are presented in the context of domain fusion of synthetic multifunctional chimeric proteins.
A functional interleukin 12 receptor complex is composed of two β-type cytokine receptor subunits (1996)

We have identified a cDNA from a human phytohemagglutinin-activated lymphoblast library encoding a protein that binds 125I-labeled human interleukin 12 (125I-huIL-12) with a Kd of about 5 nM when expressed in COS-7 cells. When coexpressed in COS-7 cells with the previously identified IL-12 beta receptor (IL-12R beta) protein, two classes of 125I-huIL-12 binding sites were measured with Kds of about 55 pM and 8 nM, corresponding to the high- and low-affinity binding sites seen on phytohemagglutinin-activated lymphoblasts. This newly identified huIL-12R subunit is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily, with closest resemblance to the beta-type cytokine receptor gp130 and the receptors for leukemia inhibitory factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Consequently, we have reclassified the previously identified IL-12R beta subunit as huIL-12R beta 1 and designated the newly identified subunit as huIL-12R beta 2. huIL-12R beta 2 is an 862-amino acid type I transmembrane protein with a 595-amino-acid-long extracellular domain and a cytoplasmic tail of 216 amino acids that contains three tyrosine residues. A cDNA encoding the mouse homolog of the huIL12R beta 2 protein has also been isolated. Human and mouse IL-12R beta 2 proteins show a 68% amino acid sequence identity. When expressed in COS-7 cells, huIL-12R beta 2 exists as a disulfide-linked oligomer with an apparent monomeric molecular weight of 130 kDa. Coexpression of the two identified IL-12R subunits in Ba/F3 cells conferred IL-12 responsiveness, and clones of these cotransfected Ba/F3 cells that grew continuously in the presence of IL-12 were isolated and designated LJM-1 cells. LJM-1 cells exhibited dose-dependent proliferation in response to huIL-12, with an ED50 of about 1 pM huIL-12. Interestingly, Ba/F3 cells transfected with IL-12R beta 2 alone proliferated in response to huIL-12 with an ED50 of about 50 pM, although a role for endogenous mouse IL-12R beta 1 in IL-12 signal transduction in these transfectants cannot be ruled out. These results demonstrate that the functional high-affinity IL-12R is composed of at least two beta-type cytokine receptor subunits, each independently exhibiting a low affinity for IL-12.
Contrast sensitivity improves after brimonidine therapy in primary open angle glaucoma: a case for neuroprotection (2003)

Glaucoma patients exhibit improved CS on initiation of brimonidine therapy.
Lysis Genes of the Bacillus subtilis Defective Prophage PBSX (1998)

Four genes identified within the late operon of PBSX show characteristics expected of a host cell lysis system; they are xepA, encoding an exported protein; xhlA, encoding a putative membrane-associated protein; xhlB, encoding a putative holin; and xlyA, encoding a putative endolysin. In this work, we have assessed the contribution of each gene to host cell lysis by expressing the four genes in different combinations under the control of their natural promoter located on the chromosome of Bacillus subtilis 168. The results show that xepA is unlikely to be involved in host cell lysis. Expression of both xhlA and xhlB is necessary to effect host cell lysis of B. subtilis. Expression of xhlB (encoding the putative holin) together with xlyA (encoding the endolysin) cannot effect cell lysis, indicating that the PBSX lysis system differs from those identified in the phages of gram-negative bacteria. Since host cell lysis can be achieved when xlyA is inactivated, it is probable that PBSX encodes a second endolysin activity which also uses XhlA and XhlB for export from the cell. The chromosome-based expression system developed in this study to investigate the functions of the PBSX lysis genes should be a valuable tool for the analysis of other host cell lysis systems and for expression and functional analysis of other lethal gene products in gram-positive bacteria.
In vitro assembly of the nonglycosylated membrane protein (M) of Sendai virus. (1982)

The nonglycosylated membrane protein (M) of Sendai virus was purified from virions and conditions were found under which the protein assembled in vitro into three types of ordered structures: narrow tubes, wide tubes, and sheets. These structures were examined by high resolution electron microscopy by using negative staining and metal shadowing techniques. The tubes and sheets are formed from strands 7.2 nm wide that are composed of annular subunits. The wide tubes appear to be formed by the rolling of a sheet into a cylinder in which the 7.2-nm strands are inclined with a pitch of 26-33 degrees and have a left-handed orientation. In addition to the strong reflections corresponding to the 7.2-nm spacings generated by the strands, optical diffraction patterns also showed weak reflections that could be indexed on a lattice corresponding to real-space lattice constants of 7.6 nm and 5.3 nm, with an included angle of 71 degrees. The dimensions and arrangements of these structures formed in vitro are strikingly similar to those of ordered arrays of particles found by others to be associated with the inner surface of the plasma membrane of infected cells. The results support the concept that ordered arrays of M protein, similar to those assembled in vitro, are involved in the assembly of the virus particle by budding from the cell membrane and that they provide specific recognition sites for the viral nucleocapsid at the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.