gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passive or Active Immunization with Myelin Basic Protein Promotes Recovery from Spinal Cord Contusion (2000)

Partial injury to the spinal cord can propagate itself, sometimes leading to paralysis attributable to degeneration of initially undamaged neurons. We demonstrated recently that autoimmune T cells directed against the CNS antigen myelin basic protein (MBP) reduce degeneration after optic nerve crush injury in rats. Here we show that not only transfer of T cells but also active immunization with MBP promotes recovery from spinal cord injury. Anesthetized adult Lewis rats subjected to spinal cord contusion at T7 or T9, using the New York University impactor, were injected systemically with anti-MBP T cells at the time of contusion or 1 week later. Another group of rats was immunized, 1 week before contusion, with MBP emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Functional recovery was assessed in a randomized, double-blinded manner, using the open-field behavioral test of Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan. The functional outcome of contusion at T7 differed from that at T9 (2.9+/-0.4, n = 25, compared with 8.3+/-0.4, n = 12; p<0.003). In both cases, a single T cell treatment resulted in significantly better recovery than that observed in control rats treated with T cells directed against the nonself antigen ovalbumin. Delayed treatment with T cells (1 week after contusion) resulted in significantly better recovery (7.0+/-1; n = 6) than that observed in control rats treated with PBS (2.0+/-0.8; n = 6; p<0.01; nonparametric ANOVA). Rats immunized with MBP obtained a recovery score of 6.1+/-0.8 (n = 6) compared with a score of 3.0+/-0.8 (n = 5; p<0.05) in control rats injected with PBS in IFA. Morphometric analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and diffusion anisotropy magnetic resonance imaging showed that the behavioral outcome was correlated with tissue preservation. The results suggest that T cell-mediated immune activity, achieved by either adoptive transfer or active immunization, enhances recovery from spinal cord injury by conferring effective neuroprotection. The autoimmune T cells, once reactivated at the lesion site through recognition of their specific antigen, are a potential source of various protective factors whose production is locally regulated.
Variational Bayesian Blind Deconvolution Using a Total Variation Prior (2008)

In this paper, we present novel algorithms for total variation (TV) based blind deconvolution and parameter estimation utilizing a variational framework. Using a hierarchical Bayesian model, the unknown image, blur, and hyperparameters for the image, blur, and noise priors are estimated simultaneously. A variational inference approach is utilized so that approximations of the posterior distributions of the unknowns are obtained, thus providing a measure of the uncertainty of the estimates. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approaches provide higher restoration performance than non-TV-based methods without any assumptions about the unknown hyperparameters.
Erythropoietin can promote erythroid progenitor survival by repressing apoptosis through Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 (1996)

Erythropoietin (Epo), the hormone that is the principal regulator of red blood cell production, interacts with high-affinity receptors on the surface of erythroid progenitor cells and maintains their survival. Epo has been shown to promote cell viability by repressing apoptosis; however, the molecular mechanism involved is unclear. In the present studies we have examined whether Epo acts as a survival factor through the regulation of the bcl-2 family of apoptosis-regulatory genes. We addressed this issue in HCD-57, a murine erythroid progenitor cell line that requires Epo for proliferation and survival. When HCD-57 cells were cultured in the absence of Epo, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL but not Bax were downregulated, and the cells underwent apoptotic cell death. HCD-57 cells infected with a retroviral vector encoding human Bcl-XL or Bcl-2 rapidly stopped proliferating but remained viable in the absence of Epo. Furthermore, endogenous levels of bcl-2 and bcl-XL were downregulated after Epo withdrawal in HCD-57 cells that remained viable through ectopic expression of human Bcl-XL, further indicating that Epo specifically maintains the expression of bcl-2 and bcl-XL. We also show that HCD-57 rescued from apoptosis by ectopic expression of Bcl-XL can undergo erythroid differentiation in the absence of Epo, demonstrating that a survival signal but not Epo itself is necessary for erythroid differentiation of HCD-57 progenitor cells. Thus, we propose a model whereby Epo functions as a survival factor by repressing apoptosis through Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 during proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitors.
Early Supernormal Retinal Oxygenation Response in Patients with Diabetes (2006)

These results demonstrate, for the first time, that MRI deltaPO2 detects a significant supernormal retinal oxygenation response in patients with type I diabetes, even before the appearance of retinopathy. This study raises the possibility of using MRI measurements of deltaPO2 to monitor therapeutic efficacy in human trials.
Principles for Automatic Scale Selection (1999)

1Abstract: An inherent property of objects in the world is that they only exist as meaningful entities over certain ranges of scale. If one aims at describing the structure of unknown real-world signals, then a multi-scale representation of data is of crucial importance. Whereas conventional scale-space theory provides a well-founded framework for dealing with im-age structures at dierent scales, this theory does not directly address the problem of how to select appropriate scales for further analysis. This chap-ter outlines a systematic methodology of how mechanisms for automatic scale selection can be formulated in the problem domains of feature detec-tion and image matching (\n ow estimation), respectively. For feature detectors expressed in terms of Gaussian derivatives, hy-potheses about interesting scale levels can be generated from scales at which normalized measures of feature strength assume local maxima with respect to scale. It is shown how the notion of -normalized derivatives arises by necessity given the requirement that the scale selection mechanism should
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive breast cancer: current management of early, advanced, and recurrent disease (2010)

HER2-positive breast cancer has traditionally been associated with poor prognosis.However, treatment with HER2-targeted therapies has changed the natural history of this disease. Greater success depends on elucidating mechanisms of resistance and exploring new methods of blocking signal transduction via HER2 and related pathways.
Deoxyribozyme-Based Three-Input Logic Gates and Construction of a Molecular Full Adder (2006)

We have developed an array of seven deoxyribozyme-based molecular logic gates that behaves as a full adder in a single solution, with three oligonucleotides as inputs and two independent fluorogenic cleavage reactions as carry and sum outputs. The sum output consisted of four new deoxyribozyme-based logic gates: an ANDAND gate and three ANDNOTANDNOT gates. These gates required the design of a generic three-input deoxyribozyme-based logic gate that can use any three-way combination of activating or inactivating inputs. This generic gate design utilizes an additional inverting element that hybridizes to convert YES logic into NOT logic and vice versa. The system represents the first solution-phase, single test tube, enzymatic full adder and shows the complexity of control over molecular scale events that can be achieved with deoxyribozyme-based logic gates. Similar systems could be applied to control autonomous therapeutic and diagnostic devices.
Growth Factors Inactivate the Cell Death Promoter BAD by Phosphorylation of Its BH3 Domain on Ser155 (2000)

The Bcl-2 family protein BAD promotes apoptosis by binding through its BH3 domain to Bcl-x(L) and related cell death suppressors. When BAD is phosphorylated on either Ser(112) or Ser(136), it forms a complex with 14-3-3 in the cytosol and no longer interacts with Bcl-x(L) at the mitochondria. Here we show that phosphorylation of a distinct site Ser(155), which is at the center of the BAD BH3 domain, directly suppressed the pro-apoptotic function of BAD by eliminating its affinity for Bcl-x(L). Protein kinase A functioned as a BAD Ser(155) kinase both in vitro and in cells. BAD Ser(155) was found to be a major site of phosphorylation induced following stimulation by growth factors and prevented by protein kinase A inhibitors but not by inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Growth factors inhibited BAD-induced apoptosis in both a Ser(112)/Ser(136)- and a Ser(155)-dependent fashion. Thus, growth factors engage an anti-apoptotic signaling pathway that inactivates BAD by direct modification of its BH3 cell death effector domain.
Probing the Functional Motifs of Escherichia coli 5S rRNA in Relation to 16S rRNA Using a SELEX Experiment (1999)

The function of 5S rRNA, a constituent of a large subunit of ribosome, is not clearly known yet. To identify RNA motifs interacting with 5S rRNA, and thereby to get an insight into the function of 5S rRNA in the ribosome, a SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) experiment was performed. RNA molecules binding to Escherichia coli 5S rRNA were selected from a 48-mer random sequence library through 12 rounds of selection, cloned, and sequenced. Two groups of the selected RNA molecules had the consensus sequences GCGG and GUGAAA, respectively, which are present in the segment, G688 through A696, of E. coli 16S rRNA. The gel mobility shift assay showed that 5S rRNA interacted with the 16S rRNA fragment containing the GCGG and GUGAAA sequences. The enzymatic protection experiment shows that the A29CCUGA34 and G51AAGUG56 sequences of 5S rRNA and the C680AGG683 and G688CGG691 sequences of the 16S rRNA fragment are involved in the interaction between the two RNA molecules. On the basis of this observation, we suggest that 5S rRNA and 16S rRNA play a role for the association of two ribosomal subunits.
How Long Is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-Similarity and Fractional Dimension (1967)

Geographical curves are so involved in their detail that their lengths are often infinite or, rather, undefinable. However, many are statistically "selfsimilar," meaning that each portion can be considered a reduced-scale image of the whole. In that case, the degree of complication can be described by a quantity D that has many properties of a "dimension," though it is fractional; that is, it exceeds the value unity associated with the ordinary, rectifiable, curves.
A 7 gene signature identifies the risk of developing cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C† (2007)

CRS is a better predictor than clinical factors in differentiating high-risk versus low-risk for cirrhosis in Caucasian CHC patients. Prospective studies should be conducted to further validate these findings.
Novel inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. 2. 5-Amide substituted pyridine-2-carboxylic acids (1992)

A series of 5-[(arylcarbonyl)amino]- and 5-(arylcarbamoyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acids has been prepared and tested for activity as inhibitors of the enzyme prolyl 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2). All the analogues prepared were inhibitors of the enzyme in vitro, the best compounds being equipotent with the known inhibitor pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (9). Like 9 these amidic analogues were not active in a cultured embryonic chick tendon cell model, considered to be a predictor of in vivo activity. The activity of the amides is not consistent with the model described for the mode of action of 9 with the enzyme and aspects of this are discussed.
Data mining with big data (2013)

Big Data concern large-volume, complex, growing data sets with multiple, autonomous sources. With the fast development of networking, data storage, and the data collection capacity, Big Data are now rapidly expanding in all science and engineering domains, including physical, biological and biomedical sciences. This paper presents a HACE theorem that characterizes the features of the Big Data revolution, and proposes a Big Data processing model, from the data mining perspective. This data-driven model involves demand-driven aggregation of information sources, mining and analysis, user interest modeling, and security and privacy considerations. We analyze the challenging issues in the data-driven model and also in the Big Data revolution.
Telomerase: a potential marker of bladder transitional cell carcinoma in bladder washes. (1998)

Telomerase is an enzyme that immortalizes cells by maintaining a constant telomere length. Here, telomerase activity in bladder washes was analyzed and compared with the final pathological diagnosis in 23 patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Bladder washes and normal tissues were obtained from each patient prior to transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Telomerase activity was detected using telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay based on PCR. Cytological diagnosis of centrifuged cells from bladder washes was made using Papanicolau's stain. Results demonstrated that telomerase activity was detected in 95.7% of both cancer tissues and bladder washes. In normal tissues, telomerase activity was not detected in 22 of 23 samples. Regarding cytological diagnosis, only 69.6% of bladder wash samples had positive cytology. Moreover, in five cases of grade 1 TCC, only 20% of the cytological specimens were positive for malignancy, whereas 80% showed positive telomerase activity. These results demonstrate that telomerase activity is detectable in a majority of human bladder cancer tissues and bladder washes obtained from patients with TCC. In addition, results of this study suggest that the presence of telomerase in bladder washes may be a specific marker of bladder cancer, especially in low-grade tumors.
Novel fucolipids accumulating in human adenocarcinoma. II. Selective isolation of hybridoma antibodies that differentially recognize mono-, di-, and trifucosylated type 2 chain. (1984)

A series of glycolipids having the X determinant (Gal beta 1----4 [Fuc alpha----3]GlcNAc) at the terminus and a fucosyl alpha 1----3 residue at the internal GlcNAc residue have been isolated and characterized from tumor tissues (Hakomori, S., Nudelman, E., Levery, S.B., and Kannagi, R. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 4672-4680. A series of monoclonal antibodies that differentially recognize glycolipids with mono-, di-, and trifucosylated type 2 chain have been isolated and characterized. The antibody FH4 shows a remarkable preferential reactivity towards di-/or trifucosylated type 2 chain, i.e. it does not react with monofucosylated structures, including lactofucopentaosyl (III) ceramide (III3FucnLc4), monofucosyl neolactonorhexaosylceramide (y2, V3FucnLc6), and monofucosyl neolactonoroctaosylceramide (Z1, VII3FucnLc8), but reacts well with di- and trifucosylated type 2 chain structures such as difucosyl neolactonorhexaosylceramide (III3V3Fuc2nLc6) and trifucosyl neolactonoroctaosylceramide (III3V3VII3Fuc3nLc8). Two other monoclonal antibodies, FH5 and ACFH18, preferentially react with trifucosylated type 2 chain structure (III3V3VII3Fuc3nLc8), although cross-reactivity with difucosylated type 2 chain (III3V3Fuc2nLc6) was observed. They showed a minimal cross-reaction with monofucosylated type 2 chain. In contrast, the antibody FH1 does not react with III3FucnLc4 but reacts with V3FucnLc6, III3V3Fuc2nLc6, and III3V3VII3Fuc3nLc8. Two monoclonal antibodies, FH2 and FH3, do not discriminate among various glycolipids having fucosylated type 2 chain, and their reactivities are essentially similar to previously established antibodies directed to the X determinant, such as anti-SSEA-1, WGHS 29, VEP8 and 9, My-1, etc. This series of antibodies will be useful to detect the specific type of glycolipid with fucosylated type 2 chain accumulating in human cancer and in undifferentiated cells.
A preliminary naturalistic study of low-dose ketamine for depression and suicide ideation in the emergency department (2011)

We examined the preliminary feasibility, tolerability and efficacy of single-dose, intravenous (i.v.) ketamine in depressed emergency department (ED) patients with suicide ideation (SI). Fourteen depressed ED patients with SI received a single i.v. bolus of ketamine (0.2 mg/kg) over 1-2 min. Patients were monitored for 4 h, then re-contacted daily for 10 d. Treatment response and time to remission were evaluated using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, respectively. Mean MADRS scores fell significantly from 40.4 (s.e.m.=1.8) at baseline to 11.5 (s.e.m.=2.2) at 240 min. Median time to MADRS score ≤10 was 80 min (interquartile range 0.67-24 h). SI scores (MADRS item 10) decreased significantly from 3.9 (s.e.m.=0.4) at baseline to 0.6 (s.e.m. =0.2) after 40 min post-administration; SI improvements were sustained over 10 d. These data provide preliminary, open-label support for the feasibility and efficacy of ketamine as a rapid-onset antidepressant in the ED.
Effects of grating heights on highly efficient unibond SOI waveguide grating couplers (2000)

We report the first successful experimental evaluation of the effect of grating height upon the output efficiency of grating couplers as predicted using perturbation theory. In addition, we have also produced a grating with an output efficiency of 70%, which is the highest efficiency yet reported for a silicon-on-insulator waveguide grating coupler.
Video coding and distribution over ATM for multipoint teleconferencing (2002)

This paper presents an efficient and scalable video coding scheme suitable for multipoint video conferencing applications over an ATM network. The scheme involves the encoding and decoding of video signals in a hierarchical, multilayer fashion to provide video at different quality grades and compatibility with existing coding standards. In addition, strategies to control quantization noise across video levels by means of residual layering are also discussed. The coding scheme is also considered in the context of efficient bit rate sharing and robust distribution of video communication signals at three distinct quality grades. Specifically, its use in multiwindow viewing for video teleconferencing applications over a constant bit rate ATM distribution environment is further explored.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of Metformin and Vanadium on Leptin Secretion from Cultured Rat Adipocytes (2000)

Both metformin and vanadium increase glucose uptake and inhibit leptin secretion from cultured adipocytes. The inhibition of leptin secretion by metformin is related to an increase in the metabolism of glucose to lactate. The inhibition by vanadium most likely involves direct effects on cellular phosphatases. We hypothesize that the effect of glucose utilization to stimulate leptin production involves the metabolism of glucose to a fate other than anaerobic lactate production, possibly oxidation or lipogenesis.
Tomographical imaging with limited-angle input (1981)

The theory of tomographical imaging with limited angular input, from which two reconstruction algorithms are derived, is discussed. The existence of missing information because of incomplete angular coverage is demonstrated, and an iteration algorithm to recover this information from a priori knowledge of the finite extent of the object is developed. Smoothing algorithms to stabilize reconstructions in the presence of noise are given. The effects of digitization and finite truncation of the reconstruction region in numerical computation are also analyzed. It is shown that the limited-angle problem is governed by a set of eigenvalues whose spectrum is determined by the imaging angle and the finite extent of the object. The distortion on a point source caused by the missing information is calculated; from the results some properties of the iteration scheme, such as spatial uniformity, are derived.
FBMC/OQAM baseband for 5G mobile communication systems: hardware design and on-board prototyping (2014)

International audience
Effect of Ondansetron and ICS 205-930 on Radiation-Induced Hypothermia in Rats (1997)

This study determined the effects of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) serotonin antagonists ondansetron and (3 alpha-tropanyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid ester HCl (ICS 205-930) on hypothermia induced in rats by irradiation and by administration of a 5-HT3 receptor agonist, 2-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (2-Me-5-HT). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 50-200 micrograms/kg of ondansetron and intraventricular administration of 5-20 micrograms of ondansetron attenuated hypothermia induced by 20 Gy gamma rays. However, the same doses of ondansetron administered i.p. or intraventricularly did not antagonize the hypothermia induced by 10 micrograms 2-Me-5-HT. In contrast, i.p. administration of 50-200 micrograms/kg of ICS 205-930 and intraventricular administration of 5-20 micrograms of ICS 205-930 attenuated hypothermia induced by radiation and 2-Me-5-HT. These results indicate that ICS 205-930 attenuates hypothermia induced by radiation and 2-Me-5-HT. However, the doses of ondansetron that attenuated radiation-induced hypothermia did not attenuate hypothermia induced by 2-Me-5-HT.
Fluorescence plastic thin-film sensor for carbon dioxide (1993)

The method of preparation of a novel plastic thin-film sensor that incorporates the fluorescent dye 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid is described; the shelf-life of the film is over 6 months. The results of a study on the equilibrium response of the sensor towards different levels of gaseous CO2 fit a model in which there is a 1 + 1 equilibrium reaction between the deprotonated form of the dye (present in the film as an ion pair) and the concentration of gaseous CO2 present. In contrast to the situation in aqueous solution, in the plastic film the pKa of the excited form of the dye appears close to that of the ground-state form, although this does not interfere with its use as a CO2 sensor. The 0 to 90% response and recovery times of the film when exposed to an alternating atmosphere of air and 5% CO2 are typically 4.3 and 7.1 s, respectively.
Rituximab for myasthenia gravis developing after bone marrow transplant (2000)

A 27-year-old man presented with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (French–American–British Classification M2) in December 1988 and was induced into complete remission with daunorubicin and arabinosyl cytosine. In April 1989, he underwent successful bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from his human leukocyte antigen identical sister. One month after BMT, the patient developed a grade I cutaneous acute graft versus host disease (GVHD). By the fourth month, a moderate extensive chronic GVHD with persistent palmar erythema, xerostomia, and oral mucosae lichen was evident. He was treated continuously with cyclosporine A (CSA) and low dose 6-methylprednisolone, but after 46 months he started complaining of diplopia and arm muscular weakness. Electromyographic examination showed a 70% decrease of muscle action potential on repetitive stimulation at 3 Hz. Circulating antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (ARAb) at a titer of 26 nmol/L were found. These data led to a diagnosis of MG developed in …