gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitive and Specific Colorimetric Dot Assay to Detect Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Viral RNA in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) After Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification (1995)

A sensitive and specific colorimetric dot assay following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method has been developed to detect 0.1 pg of eastern equine encephalomyelitis viral (EEEV) RNA. The assay is 250-fold more sensitive than analysis by electrophoresis and is based on converting a 291-nucleotide sequence of the viral coat protein amino terminus into a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and amplifying the DNA using a specific primer pair and PCR. The amplified complementary DNA (cDNA) is denatured adsorbed onto a nylon strip, baked, and detected with a digoxigenin-labeled probe. Dots with viral cDNA are stained dark red, whereas controls do not stain or stain lightly. The assay is very specific and sensitive and detects only EEEV. RNA of Venezuelan equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, Keystone, Flanders, Tensaw, and western equine encephalitis viruses were not detected. EEEV (Ten Broeck) RNA was detected at the 10-ng level, indicating that the prototype we used may have different nucleotides in the region where the primer pair binds. The PCR amplified EEEV cDNA that was 92% homologous to the consensus sequence of EEEV. The detection of EEEV in the liver of an infected Emu bird and in field-collected mosquitoes from Florida and Massachusetts that were analyzed concurrently as blind samples by tissue culture plaque assay and by PCR dot analysis proved that the assay is sensitive and can be used to detect infected mosquitoes. The assay can detect at least 1 infected mosquito in a pool of 1,000 uninfected mosquitoes.
Chemistry of Antibiotics from Micromonospora (1965)

The isolation of everninomicin D and everninomicin B, two closely related antibiotics produced by Micromonospora carbonacea, is described. The structures of everninomicin D and B are shown to parallel closely that of curamycin, a polysaccharidic antibiotic with a low molecular weight and a dichloroisoeverninic acid end group.
User-level resource-constrained sandboxing (2000)

The popularity of mobile and networked applications has resulted in an increased demand for execution sandboxes--environments that impose irrevocable restrictions on resource usage. Existing approaches rely on kernel modification for enforcing quantitative restrictions (e.g., limiting CPU utilization of an application to 25%). However, the general applicability of such approaches is constrained by the difficulty of modifying shrink-wrapped operating systems such as Windows NT.

This paper presents a user-level sandboxing approach for enforcing quantitative restrictions on resource usage of applications. Our approach actively monitors an application's interactions with the underlying system, proactively controlling them to enforce the desired behavior. Our approach leverages a core set of user-level mechanisms that are available in most modern operating systems: fine-grained timers, monitoring infrastructure, debugger processes, priority-based scheduling, and page-based memory protection. We describe implementation of a sandbox on Windows NT that imposes quantitative restrictions on CPU, memory, and network usage. Our results show that application usage of system resources can be restricted to within 3% of desired limits with minimal run-time overhead.
[Simvastatin prevents the development of pulmonary hypertension in the rats through reduction of inflammation]. (2009)

The protective effects of simvastatin against MCT-induced PH may be associated with the inhibition of the perivascular inflammation and lung IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1 levels.
PR‐957, a selective inhibitor of immunoproteasome subunit low‐MW polypeptide 7, attenuates experimental autoimmune neuritis by suppressing T h 17‐cell differentiation and regulating cytokine production (2017)

Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is a CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell-mediated autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system. It has been replicated in an animal model of human inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome subunit, low-MW polypeptide 7 (PR-957) in rats with EAN. Our results showed that PR-957 significantly delayed onset day, reduced severity and shortened duration of EAN, and alleviated demyelination and inflammatory infiltration in sciatic nerves. In addition to significantly regulating expression of the cytokine profile, PR-957 treatment down-regulated the proportion of proinflammatory T-helper (T<sub>h</sub>)17 cells in sciatic nerves and spleens of rats with EAN. Data presented show the role of PR-957 in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. PR-957 not only decreased expression of IL-6 and IL-23 but also led to down-regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Regulation of the STAT3 pathway led to a reduction in retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor γ t and IL-17 production. Furthermore, reduction of STAT3 phosphorylation may have directly suppressed T<sub>h</sub>17-cell differentiation. Therefore, our study demonstrates that PR-957 could potently alleviate inflammation in rats with EAN and that it may be a likely candidate for treating Guillain-Barré syndrome.-Liu, H., Wan, C., Ding, Y., Han, R., He, Y., Xiao, J., Hao, J. PR-957, a selective inhibitor of immunoproteasome subunit low-MW polypeptide 7, attenuates experimental autoimmune neuritis by suppressing T<sub>h</sub>17-cell differentiation and regulating cytokine production.
Effect of fish oil on lipoproteins, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, and lipid transfer protein activity in humans. (1990)

A group of 33 mildly hypercholesterolemic men were stratified into three groups on diets closely matched except for the polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement. The first group received 14 g/day of linoleic acid (safflower oil); the second group, 9 g of alpha-linolenic acid (linseed oil); and the third group, 3.8 g of n-3 fatty acids (fish oil). Only fish oil lowered plasma triglycerides (by 24% at 6 weeks, p less than 0.05 compared to safflower oil). Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) apoprotein (apo) B, triglyceride, and cholesterol all fell significantly with the fish-oil diet (p less than 0.01). Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol fell by 0.18 and 0.10 mmol/l, respectively, with the safflower-oil and linseed-oil diets, but rose by 0.24 mmol/l with the fish-oil diet (p less than 0.05). There was a strong correlation between the changes in VLDL triglyceride and LDL cholesterol with the fish-oil diet (r = -0.84, p less than 0.002). High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol fell slightly in all three groups (p less than 0.02 with the linseed-oil diet only). However, the apo A-I/A-II ratio rose by 5% (p less than 0.05), and the HDL2/HDL3 protein ratio increased by 28% with the fish-oil diet (p less than 0.005). Fish oil reduced the capacity for transfer of cholesteryl ester between LDL and HDL by 23% (p less than 0.02 compared to baseline), reduced plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity by 21% (p less than 0.05), and reduced maximal stimulated thromboxane production by 9% (p less than 0.05). Thus fish oil produced three potentially beneficial changes: significant decreases in VLDL concentration and in thromboxane production and an increase in the HDL2/HDL3 ratio. The increase in the average HDL particle size probably reflected reduced cholesteryl ester acceptor capacity within the smaller pool of VLDL, as well as the decline in lipid transfer activity in plasma involving transfer protein itself, LDL, and HDL.
Evidence for the overexpression of the VH4-34 ( VH4.21 ) Ig gene segment in the normal adult human peripheral blood B cell repertoire. (1995)

The VH4-34 (VH4.21) gene has been repeatedly found to encode monoclonal anti-i/l cold agglutinins and is occasionally used by other autoantibodies with anti-DNA and rheumatoid factor specificity. To understand the basis for the frequent expression of the VH4-34 gene in autoimmunity, we prepared linker-based, amplified C mu and C gamma V gene (cDNA) libraries from the peripheral blood of two healthy adults (PBL-3 and PBL-4). The frequency of VH4 family gene-containing clones was determined with VH family-specific oligonucleotide probes, and by random sequencing we examined the frequency of VH4-34 gene expression among the VH4+ C mu clones. Collectively, these studies suggested that VH4-34 gene expression accounted for 7.8 and 10.3% of all IgM clones in the cDNA libraries of PBL-3 and PBL-4, respectively. In VH4 family-specific libraries prepared from genomic rearranged Ig DNA, the VH4-34 gene was also overrepresented relative to other VH4 family genes. In both the mu-cDNA as well as the rearranged Ig DNA libraries, the VH4-34-expressing clones were 95 to 100% homologous to the germline sequence and contained different CDR3 sequences. By contrast, the VH4-34-expressing C gamma clones showed somatic diversification from germline; in addition, the C gamma clones often had the same CDR3 sequences, suggesting that these clones were derived from either activated B cells or expanded, clonally related B cells. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes indicated that 3.2 to 6.2% of mu+CD20+ cells express the VH4-34-related Id 9G4. These current findings are relevant to the interpretation of restricted Ig gene usage reported in monoclonal cold agglutinin disease and other autoimmune disorders.
Fibromyalgia Symptoms Are Reduced by Low-Dose Naltrexone: A Pilot Study (2009)

We conclude that low-dose naltrexone may be an effective, highly tolerable, and inexpensive treatment for fibromyalgia.
Relationship of Epileptic Seizures to Sleep Stage and Sleep Depth (2002)

Both seizures and IEDs are facilitated by NREM sleep. While deeper stages of NREM sleep activate IEDs, lighter stages of NREM sleep promote seizures, at least for single seizures occurring in 1 night.
Identification of the Envelope Surface Glycoproteins of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (1982)

The structural polypeptides of purified enveloped virions of the Army 183 strain of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) were examined by different analytical techniques to identify the envelope glycoproteins. Glycoproteins were identified by electrophoretic analysis in polyacrylamide slab gels of virus labelled in vivo with [3H]glucosamine or labelled enzymically in vitro with either UDP-[14C]galactose or sodium [3H]borohydride. Fluorograms revealed eleven glycoproteins (mol. wt. 260000, 150000, 138000, 90000, 87000, 65000, 62000, 60000, 50000, 46000, and 24000). These glycoproteins probably correspond to virion protein (VP) 1-2, 9b, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22a and 25 respectively, as designated in two other EHV-1 strains. In addition, a poorly resolved glucosamine-rich region (mol. wt. 250000 to 200000) corresponded to VP 3 to 8. The two isotopic surface labelling methods revealed that all the virus glycoproteins were exposed on the envelope surface.
4‐(4‐Guanidinobenzoyl)‐2‐imidazolones and Related Compounds: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors and Novel Cardiotonics with Combined Histamine H2 Receptor Agonist and PDE III Inhibitor Activity (1995)

A series of new positive inotropic agents was synthesized with the aim of combining the pharmacophores of the imidazolone-type phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor enoximone and guanidine-type histamine H2 receptor agonists such as arpromidine. All compounds are para-substituted 4-benzoyl-5-alkyl-2-imidazolones. H2 agonism was incorporated by p-(hetero)arylalkyl substituents, in particular by an imidazolylpropyl guanidine group. In addition analogous ureas, cyanoguanidines, alkyl guanidine carboxylates, and amides were prepared. These functional groups were either directly attached to the phenyl ring or linked by an appropriate spacer. The compounds were screened for positive inotropic activity in the isolated electrically stimulated guinea pig papillary muscle and for inhibition of PDE III (cGMP-inhibited cAMP PDE, isolated from guinea pig heart). The cardiotonics obtained proved to be either PDE III inhibitors, some of them surmounting up to 3-fold the potency of enoximone, or pharmacological hybrids combining both PDE III inhibitor and histamine H2 receptor agonist activities. These hybrids were the most potent positive inotropic substances at the papillary muscle, probably due to their synergistic mechanism of action. The participation of histamine H2 receptors could be demonstrated in the papillary muscle preparation by pretreatment with the H2 antagonist famotidine (10 microM) as well as by further pharmacological experiments using isolated perfused hearts of guinea pigs and rats, isolated guinea pig right atria, adenylyl cyclase and H2 receptor binding assays. At equieffective concentrations the moderate PDE III inhibitor and histamine H2 agonist N1-(4-[(1,3-dihydro-5-methyl-2-oxo-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-carbonyl]phenyl)-N2 - [3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl]guanidine 65 and the 5-ethyl homologue 66 were about 2 and 10 times more potent than enoximone at the papillary muscle. Moreover, both compounds produced a 2.5-fold higher maximal response than the reference compound.
Real‐time intraoperative detection of melanoma lymph node metastases using recombinant vaccinia virus GLV‐1h68 in an immunocompetent animal model (2008)

There is a clinical need for improved intraoperative detection of lymph node metastases from malignant melanoma (MM). We aimed to investigate the use of recombinant vaccinia virus GLV-1h68, expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), for real-time intraoperative detection of melanoma lymph node metastases in an immunocompetent animal model. Mice bearing foot pad tumors received intratumoral injections of GLV-1h68, and 48 hr later were evaluated for popliteal lymph node metastasis using noninvasive bioluminescence imaging and fluorescence imaging. Histologic analysis of lymph nodes was performed to determine sensitivity and specificity of virus-mediated detection. Intratumoral injection of GLV-1h68 into primary foot pad melanoma tumors resulted in viral transmission to popliteal lymph nodes, infection of lymphatic metastases, and transgene expression that was reliably and easily detected. Histologic confirmation demonstrated favorable operating characteristics of this assay (sensitivity 80%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value [PPV] 100%, negative predictive value [NPV] 91%). Detection of marker gene expression by GLV-1h68 allowed the detection of lymphatic metastases in an immunocompetent animal model of MM. This assay is rapid, sensitive, specific and easy to perform and interpret. As a candidate gene therapy virus for killing cancer, GLV-1h68 may also have significant concomitant diagnostic utility in the staging of cancer patients.
hCDC4 gene mutations in endometrial cancer. (2002)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activated by cyclin E is involved in the initiation of DNA replication and other S phase functions. Consistent with this role, cyclin E protein accumulates at the G1-S phase transition and declines during early S phase. This profile of expression is the result of periodic transcription and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis directed by SCF(hCdc4). However, in many types of human tumors cyclin E protein is elevated and deregulated relative to the cell cycle by an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that the F-box protein hCdc4 that targets cyclin E to the SCF (Skp1-Cull-F-box) protein ubiquitin ligase is mutated in at least 16% of human endometrial tumors. Mutations were found either in the substrate-binding domain of the protein or at the amino terminus, suggesting a critical role for the region of hCdc4 upstream of the F-box. hCDC4 gene mutations were accompanied by loss of heterozygosity and correlated with aggressive disease. The hCDC4 gene is localized to chromosome region 4q32, which is deleted in over 30% of human tumors. Our results show that the hCDC4 gene is mutated in primary human tumors and suggest that it may function as a tumor suppressor in the genesis of many human cancers.
Development of the infrared guidance technology (2007)

The process of development of the infrared guidance technology and equipments in all coutries over the world and its modification are descripted.The technique performance and properties of the infrared guided seeker are discussed and their development tendancy are analyzed.
Regular Pyramid Punch Problem (1992)

An approximate solution is found for a regular pyramidal punch indenting, without friction, an elastic half-space. The method is based on the reasonable assumption of the stress distribution and of the region of contact. The force-indentation relationship is obtained for a regular pyramidal punch. The results compare well with direct numerical results.
Immunotherapy for acute leukemias (1994)

Successful immunotherapy for cancer and, in particular, monoclonal antibody-based therapy are most likely to succeed first for the hematopoietic neoplasms because of their biology and because of the pharmacology of monoclonal antibodies. Ten years of steady development in the field, including identification of better antigen-antibody systems, genetic engineering of humanized monoclonal antibodies, construction of new toxin and radionuclide conjugates, and better understanding of the interactions of monoclonal antibodies with cytokines, eg, interleukin-2, has led to a series of recent trials showing significant activity of monoclonal antibodies in leukemias. This activity encompasses the ablation of large masses of cells prior to bone marrow transplantation, as well as the elimination of minimal disease in vivo and ex vivo.
Extracellular Export of Sphingosine Kinase-1 Enzyme (2002)

The enzyme sphingosine kinase (SK) catalyzes the formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid that acts extracellularly on G protein-coupled receptors of the S1P(1)/EDG-1 subfamily. Although S1P is formed in the cytosol of various cells, S1P release is not understood and is controversial because this lipid mediator is also regarded as a second messenger. In this report, we describe the existence of an extracellular S1P-generating system in vascular endothelial cells. Endothelial cells release SK constitutively and form S1P in the range of receptor stimulation. Levels of sphingosine but not ATP in the extracellular environment are rate-limiting. Treatment of endothelial cells with small interfering RNA for SK-1 transcript specifically inhibited SK export, and SK-1-transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells exhibited enhanced release of SK-1. The export of SK-1 is constitutive and is inhibited by cytochalasin D and treatment at 4 degrees C but not by brefeldin A or nocodazole, suggesting that a nonclassical secretory pathway that requires the actin cytoskeleton dynamics is involved. Because S1P regulates angiogenesis and vascular maturation, we overexpressed SK-1 using an adenoviral vector in vivo in the Matrigel system of angiogenesis. Overexpression of SK-1 resulted in enhanced release of SK activity and induced angiogenesis and vascular maturation. These findings suggest that S1P is made in the extracellular milieu and that extracellular export of SK contributes to the action of S1P in the vascular system.
Nanocompatible Chemistry toward Fabrication of Target-Specific Gold Nanoparticles (2006)

Nanocompatible chemistry which utilizes a novel nontoxic phosphino amino acid as a reducing agent has resulted in the development of therapeutically useful gold nanoparticles under biologically benign media. Stabilization of gold nanoparticles by the edible gum arabic matrix has provided an effective pathway toward in vivo stable target-specific gold nanoparticles.
Long-term shedding and clonal turnover of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 in diarrheal diseases (1995)

To investigate the length of time that Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 is excreted after the onset of diarrhea, 456 serial stool specimens were obtained from 53 children. E. coli O157 cells were identified by the use of DNA probes followed by agglutination with a specific antiserum. Specimens were collected until three consecutive stool samples (collected within 9 days) were negative for E. coli O157. The median durations of shedding were 13 days (range, 2 to 62 days) in patients with diarrhea or hemorrhagic colitis and 21 days (range, 5 to 124 days) in patients that developed hemolytic uremic syndrome. In 36 (68%) of the patients, only the first culture was O157 positive, and the three cultures that followed were negative. In 7 (13%) of the patients, E. coli O157 cells were shed for more than 32 days after the onset of diarrhea; these long-term shedders were clinically asymptomatic by the end of this period. In 12 patients, one or two serial O157-negative cultures, obtained up to 8 days after a positive culture, were followed by another positive culture. Comparison of the first and last E. coli O157 isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that in three of the seven long-term shedders, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types varied. In two cases, a Shiga-like toxin gene was apparently lost during infection. The observation of long-term shedding accompanied by genotypic turnover has epidemiological and diagnostic implications.
Quantification of coronary microvascular resistance using angiographic images for volumetric blood flow measurement: in vivo validation (2011)

Structural coronary microcirculation abnormalities are important prognostic determinants in clinical settings. However, an assessment of microvascular resistance (MR) requires a velocity wire. A first-pass distribution analysis technique to measure volumetric blood flow has been previously validated. The aim of this study was the in vivo validation of the MR measurement technique using first-pass distribution analysis. Twelve anesthetized swine were instrumented with a transit-time ultrasound flow probe on the proximal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Microspheres were injected into the LAD to create a model of microvascular dysfunction. Adenosine (400 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1)) was used to produce maximum hyperemia. A region of interest in the LAD arterial bed was drawn to generate time-density curves using angiographic images. Volumetric blood flow measurements (Q(a)) were made using a time-density curve and the assumption that blood was momentarily replaced with contrast agent during the injection. Blood flow from the flow probe (Q(p)), coronary pressure (P(a)), and right atrium pressure (P(v)) were continuously recorded. Flow probe-based normalized MR (NMR(p)) and angiography-based normalized MR (NMR(a)) were calculated using Q(p) and Q(a), respectively. In 258 measurements, Q(a) showed a strong correlation with the gold standard Q(p) (Q(a) = 0.90 Q(p) + 6.6 ml/min, r(2) = 0.91, P < 0.0001). NMR(a) correlated linearly with NMR(p) (NMR(a) = 0.90 NMR(p) + 0.02 mmHg·ml(-1)·min(-1), r(2) = 0.91, P < 0.0001). Additionally, the Bland-Altman analysis showed a close agreement between NMR(a) and NMR(p). In conclusion, a technique based on angiographic image data for quantifying NMR was validated using a swine model. This study provides a method to measure NMR without using a velocity wire, which can potentially be used to evaluate microvascular conditions during coronary arteriography.