gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Guidelines on intestinal dysmicrobism (SIBO Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth)]. (1999)

Bacterial flora consisting of Gram-positive and Gram-negative germs, aerobes and anaerobes, is distributed along the digestive tract in varying quantities from zero to a maximum of 10(12)/ml of endoluminal aspirate. This bacterial ecosystem counterbalances with the ecological niche of the host organism and harmonizes with the various digestive, secretory, motor, absorption and sensitivity functions of the entire intestine. This dynamic equilibrium between environment, bacterial flora and host may be interrupted due to a variety of complex reasons, leading to quantitative and qualitative modifications of the normal intestinal microbial flora that can cause Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO). SIBO is thus due to an invasion of the small intestine, from the upper part, by pathogenic strains of oro-alimentary origin, and from the lower part by colo-fecal germs through an incontinent Bauhin's valve. These germs alter the normal intestinal functions and give rise to a form of diarrhoea in which the characteristics of malabsorption prevail, with all the inherent diagnostic problems. The diagnostic gold standard is the culture of the duodenal-jejunal aspirate which, being difficult to perform and providing unreliable results, is not easily included in the daily clinical routine. Indirect tests include the breath test, which is widely accepted by patients but burdened by diagnostic doubts on the part of medical personnel. Diagnostic confirmation is therefore greatly conditioned by clinical subjectivity and objectivity, as well as by the response to medical therapy. In cases of declared malabsorption, medical therapy is necessary by means of appropriate diet, prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics. The difficulty in identifying the specific bacterial population and the part of the digestive tract that is affected indicate the appropriateness of a broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, capable of eradicating aerobes and anaerobes, preferably with a topical rather than a general action, frequently cause of undesired effects.
Activation of STAT3 stimulates AHSP expression in K562 cells (2014)

Studies on the chaperone protein α-hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) reveal that abundant AHSP in erythroid cells enhance the cells' tolerance to oxidative stress imposed by excess α-hemoglobin in pathological conditions. However, the potential intracellular modulation of AHSP expression itself in response to oxidative stress is still unknown. The present study examined the effect and molecular mechanism of STAT3, an oxidative regulator, on the expression of AHSP. AHSP expression increased in K562 cells upon cytokine IL-6-induced STAT3 activation and decreased in STAT3 knock-down K562 cells. Regulation of AHSP in oxidative circumstance was then examined in α-globin-overloaded K562 cells, and real-time PCR showed strengthened expression of both AHSP and STAT3. ChIP analysis showed binding of STAT3 to AHSP promoter and binding was significantly augmented with IL6 stimulation and upon α-globin overexpression. Dual luciferase reporter assays of the wildtype and mutated SB3 element, an IL-6RE site, in the AHSP promoter in K562 cells highlighted the direct regulatory effect of STAT3 on AHSP gene. Finally, direct binding of STAT3 to SB3 site of AHSP promoter was confirmed with EMSA assays. Our work reveals an adaptive AHSP regulation mediated by the redox-sensitive STAT3 signaling pathway, and provides clues to the therapeutic strategy for AHSP enhancement.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiopure Fluorine‐Containing Taxoids: Potent Anticancer Agents and Versatile Probes for Biomedical Problems (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Radionuclide Imaging of Infection: In Search of the Grail (2009)

Although there have been significant advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of infection, it remains a major cause of patient morbidity and mortality throughout the world ( [1][1] ). The presence of infection may be suggested by signs and symptoms such as pain, fever, general malaise, and
(6-Maleimidocaproyl)hydrazone of doxorubicin. A new derivative for the preparation of immunoconjugates of doxorubicin (1993)

The (6-maleimidocaproyl)hydrazone of doxorubicin was synthesized and conjugated to several mAbs, including chimeric BR96, via a Michael addition reaction to thiol-containing mAbs. DTT reduction of disulfides present in the mAb was a reliable and general method for generating a consistent number of reactive SH groups. The conjugates, after purification by Bio-Beads, were free of unreacted linker and/or doxorubicin. All conjugates released doxorubicin under acidic conditions that mimic the lysosomal environment, while they were relatively stable at neutral pH. BR96 conjugates showed antigen-specific cytotoxicity.
Monolithically Integrated Silicon Nanophotonics Receiver in 90nm CMOS Technology Node (2013)

A monolithically-integrated germanium receiver is fabricated in the IBM’s newly established 90nm CMOS-integrated nanophotonics technology node. Technology is promising for cost-effective 10Gbps to 28Gbps optical communications links operating within extended temperature range up to 95°C.
A Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Assay for the Rapid Detection of Gene Amplification in Human Tumors (1996)

A differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was established for semiquantitative, nonradioactive detection of gene amplification using a DNA sequencer. Oncogene fragments and control DNA sequences were simultaneously PCR-amplified using fluorescent-labelled primers. Analysis of the PCR products allowed quantitative assessment of gene copy numbers in this coamplification assay. Using this approach, we examined a series of 132 brain tumors for amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. The same set of tumors was also analyzed by Southern blotting and hybridization with a radiolabelled EGFR probe. Both methods yielded virtually identical results. This technique has a great potential for nonradioactive screening of large tumor panels of oncogene amplification.
Automatic description of complex buildings with multiple images (2002)

3-D building detection and description is a practical application of 3-D object description, a key task of computer vision. We present an approach to detecting and describing buildings of polygonal rooftops by using multiple, overlapping images of the scene. First, 3-D features are generated by using multiple images, and rooftop hypotheses are generated by neighborhood searches on those features. For robust generation of 3-D features, we present a probabilistic approach to address the epipolar alignment problem in line matching. Image-derived unedited elevation data is used to assist feature matching, and to generate rough cues of the presence of 3-D structures. These cues help reduce the search space significantly. Experimental results are shown on some complex buildings.
The Fourth Dimension of Life: Fractal Geometry and Allometric Scaling of Organisms (1999)

Fractal-like networks effectively endow life with an additional fourth spatial dimension. This is the origin of quarter-power scaling that is so pervasive in biology. Organisms have evolved hierarchical branching networks that terminate in size-invariant units, such as capillaries, leaves, mitochondria, and oxidase molecules. Natural selection has tended to maximize both metabolic capacity, by maximizing the scaling of exchange surface areas, and internal efficiency, by minimizing the scaling of transport distances and times. These design principles are independent of detailed dynamics and explicit models and should apply to virtually all organisms.
Kinetics of growth of carbon fibers on an iron catalyst in methane pyrolysis: A measurement procedure with the use of an optical microscope (2008)

A procedure was developed for measuring the kinetic parameters of growth of carbon fibers in the catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbons. In this procedure, the dependence of the averaged length of grown fibers on growth time is constructed based on the measurements of fiber lengths with an optical microscope. The procedure proposed allowed us to reliably determine the Arrhenius parameters of the rate of fiber growth and the induction period of fiber nucleation in the measurement of carbon fibers 100 nm or more in diameter. The kinetics of growth of carbon fibers from methane-hydrogen mixtures on an iron catalyst was measured over a temperature range of 950–1050°C. It was found that the rate of fiber growth as a function of methane activity in the gas phase exhibited a maximum in the activity range 200–300; the value of this maximum depends on the contribution of the products of gas-phase methane pyrolysis to the growth of fibers. It was also found that the rate of fiber growth dramatically increased as the critical concentration of pyrolysis products in the mixture was reached. This increase was interpreted as a change from one growth mechanism (growth from methane) to another growth mechanism (growth from acetylene). The experimental data explained the high sensitivity of the process of carbon fiber growth from methane to temperature and the residence time of the gas in the reactor.
A comparative study of phosphoric acid‐doped m‐PBI membranes (2013)

ABSTRACT Phosphoric acid (PA)‐doped m ‐polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes used in high temperature fuel cells and hydrogen pumps were prepared by a conventional imbibing process and a sol–gel fabrication process. A comparative study was conducted to investigate the critical properties of PA doping levels, ionic conductivities, mechanical properties, and molecular ordering. This systematic study found that sol–gel PA‐doped m ‐PBI membranes were able to absorb higher acid doping levels and to achieve higher ionic conductivities than conventionally imbibed membranes when treated in an equivalent manner. Even at similar acid loadings, the sol–gel membranes exhibited higher ionic conductivities. Heat treatment of conventionally imbibed membranes with ≤29 wt % solids caused a significant reduction in mechanical properties; conversely, sol–gel membranes exhibited an enhancement in mechanical properties. From X‐ray structural studies and atomistic simulations, both conventionally imbibed and sol–gel membranes exhibited d ‐spacings of 3.5 and 4.6 Å, which were tentatively attributed to parallel ring stacking and staggered side‐to‐side packing, respectively, of the imidazole rings in these aromatic heterocyclic polymers. An anisotropic staggered side‐to‐side chain packing present in the conventional membranes may be related to the reduction in mechanical properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52, 26–35
TEAM STORM (2007)

Informal design tools can provide immense value during the creative stages of the design process, e.g., by transforming sketches into interactive simulations. Two key limitations of informal and many other design tools are that they do not promote working with multiple design ideas in parallel or collaboration. In this paper, we present a new interaction model that allows a team of designers to work efficiently with multiple ideas in parallel. The model is grounded in theories of creativity and collaboration, and was further informed by observations of creative group work practice. Our interaction model is fully demonstrated within a new system called TEAM STORM. Results from an initial evaluation indicate that design teams are able to effectively utilize our system to create, organize, and share multiple design ideas during creative group work. The benefit of our model is that it demonstrates how many existing single-user design tools can be extended to support working efficiently with multiple ideas in parallel and co-located collaboration.
Effects of Adeno-Associated Virus DNA Hairpin Structure on Recombination (2005)

Hairpin DNA ends are evolutionarily conserved intermediates in DNA recombination. The hairpin structures present on the ends of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) genome are substrates for recombination that give rise to persistent circular and concatemeric DNA episomes through intramolecular and intermolecular recombination, respectively. We have developed circularization-dependent and orientation-specific self-complementary AAV (scAAV) vectors as a reporter system to examine recombination events involving distinct hairpin structures, i.e., closed versus open hairpins. The results suggest that intramolecular recombination (circularization) is far more efficient than intermolecular recombination (concatemerization). Among all possible combinations of terminal repeats (TRs) involved in intermolecular recombination, the closed-closed TR structures are twice as efficient as the open-open TR substrates for recombination. In addition, both intramolecular recombination and intermolecular recombination exhibit the common dependency on specific DNA polymerases and topoisomerases. The circularization-dependent and orientation-specific scAAV vectors can serve as an efficient and controlled system for the delivery of DNA structures that mimic mammalian recombination intermediates and should be useful in assaying recombination in different experimental settings as well as elucidating the molecular mechanism of recombinant AAV genome persistence.
Engineering alternative isobutanol production platforms (2015)

A synthetic inducible operon (IbPSO) expressing alsS, ilvC, ilvD and kivD genes encoding a pathway capable to transform pyruvate into 2-isobutyraldehyde has been designed and two recombinant plasmids named pIZIbPSO and p424IbPSO were constructed. The IbPSO containing plasmids can generate in a single transformation event new recombinant isobutanol producer strains and are useful for testing as suitable hosts wild type bacteria in different culture media. In this way we found that Shimwellia blattae (p424IbPSO) was able to produce in flasks up to 6 g l(-1) of isobutanol using glucose as carbon source. Moreover, for the first time, we have demonstrated that isobutanol can be produced from sucrose using Escherichia coli W (ATCC9367) transformed with pIZIbPSO. These robust recombinant strains were also able to produce isobutanol from a raw carbon source like hydrolysed lignocellulosic biomass.
Uridine Supplementation for the treatment of Antiretroviral Therapy-Associated Lipoatrophy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2007)

Uridine supplementation significantly and predominantly increased subcutaneous fat mass in lipoatrophic HIV-infected patients during unchanged HAART.
Preparation and reactivity of tungsten(VI) metallacyclobutane complexes. Square pyramids versus trigonal bipyramids (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and reactivity of tungsten(VI) metallacyclobutane complexes. Square pyramids versus trigonal bipyramidsJerald Feldman, William M. Davis, Julie K. Thomas, and Richard R. SchrockCite this: Organometallics 1990, 9, 9, 2535–2548Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00159a024https://doi.org/10.1021/om00159a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views312Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. (1990)

Intracranial bleeding is an important cause of brain masses and edema. To study the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage, we produced experimental hemorrhages in 53 rats and characterized the lesion by histology, brain water content, and behavior. Adult rats had 2 microliters saline containing 0.5 unit bacterial collagenase infused into the left caudate nucleus. Histologically, erythrocytes were seen around blood vessels at the needle puncture site within the first hour. By 4 hours there were hematomas, the size of which depended on the amount of collagenase injected. Necrotic masses containing fluid, blood cells, and fibrin were seen at 24 hours. Lipid-filled macrophages were observed at 7 days and cysts at 3 weeks. Water content was significantly increased 4, 24, and 48 hours after infusion at the needle puncture site and for 24 hours in posterior brain sections. Behavioral abnormalities were present for 48 hours, with recovery of function occurring during the first week. Brain tissue contains Type IV collagen in the basal lamina. Collagenase, which occurs in an inactive form in cells, is released and activated during injury, leading to disruption of the extracellular matrix. Collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage is a reproducible animal model for the study of the effects of the hematoma and brain edema.
Azithromycin Reduces Airway Neutrophilia and Interleukin-8 in Patients with Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (2006)

Azithromycin significantly reduces airway neutrophilia and IL-8 mRNA in patients with BOS. Responders have a significantly higher BAL neutrophilia and IL-8 compared with nonresponders and had commenced treatment earlier after transplantation. BAL neutrophilia can be used as a predictor for the FEV(1) response to azithromycin.
The Multifunctional Character of a Geminivirus Replication Protein Is Reflected by Its Complex Oligomerization Properties (2000)

Tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV), a member of the geminivirus family, encodes one essential replication protein, AL1, and recruits the rest of the DNA replication apparatus from its plant host. TGMV AL1 is an oligomeric protein that binds double-stranded DNA and catalyzes cleavage and ligation of single-stranded DNA. The oligomerization domain, which is required for DNA binding, maps to a region that displays strong sequence and structural homology to other geminivirus Rep proteins. To assess the importance of conserved residues, we generated a series of site-directed mutations and analyzed their impact on AL1 function in vitro and in vivo. Two-hybrid experiments revealed that mutation of amino acids 157-159 inhibited AL1-AL1 interactions, whereas mutations at nearby residues reduced complex stability. Changes at positions 157-159 also disrupted interaction between the full-length mutant protein and a glutathione S-transferase-AL1 oligomerization domain fusion in insect cells. The mutations had no detectable effect on oligomerization when both proteins contained full-length AL1 sequences, indicating that AL1 complexes can be stabilized by amino acids outside of the oligomerization domain. Nearly all of the oligomerization domain mutants were inhibited or severely attenuated in their ability to support AL1-directed viral DNA replication. In contrast, the same mutants were enhanced for AL1-mediated transcriptional repression. The replication-defective AL1 mutants also interfered with replication of a TGMV A DNA encoding wild type AL1. Full-length mutant AL1 was more effective in the interference assays than truncated proteins containing the oligomerization domain. Together, these results suggested that different AL1 complexes mediate viral replication and transcriptional regulation and that replication interference involves multiple domains of the AL1 protein.
Modulation of cell‐surface transferrin receptor by the imino sugar N‐butyldeoxynojirimycin (1992)

The imino sugar, N-butyldeoxynojirimycin, is an inhibitor of the glycoprotein-processing enzyme glucosidase I and exhibits anti-(human immunodeficiency virus) activity in vitro. We have investigated the effect(s) of this compound on cell-surface glycoproteins by flow cytometry. We observed selective modulation of the transferrin receptor in response to treatment with 0.5 mM N-butyldeoxynojirimycin resulting in reduced cell-surface transferrin-receptor expression. The receptor modulation was dose dependent, resulted in reduced 59Fe uptake by treated cells and was fully reversible within 24 h of culture in the absence of the compound. Pulse/chase analysis in conjunction with endoglycosidase-H digestion demonstrated that transferrin-receptor glycosylation was altered following N-butyldeoxynojirimycin treatment, which is compatible with glucosidase inhibition. In addition, modulation of transferrin receptor in response to N-butyldeoxynojirimycin was not confined to a single cell line, but was also observed with certain human lymphoid and myeloid cell lines. Mechanism(s) of action of the imino sugar resulting in reduced cell-surface transferrin-receptor expression are discussed.
Effect of Mixed Pendent Groups on the Solution and Catalytic Properties of Europium(III) Macrocyclic Complexes:  Bifunctional and Monofunctional Amide and Alcohol Pendents in Septadentate or Octadentate Ligands (1998)

Five new Eu(III) macrocyclic complexes have been prepared and their solution and catalytic properties studied. The Eu(III) complexes with septadentate ligands TRED and NB-TRED dissociate rapidly at pH 7.4, 37 degrees C (TRED = 1,4,7-tris(hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, NB-TRED = 1-(nitrobenzyl)-4,7,10-tris(hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane). Dissociation rates as determined in the presence and absence of strongly binding competing ligands suggest that under most conditions the Eu(III) complexes of ATHC, ABHC, and CNPHC are more kinetically inert to dissociation than is the Eu(III) complex containing all hydroxyethyl groups (ATHC = 1-(carbamoylmethyl)-4,7,10-tris(hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, ABHC = 1,7-bis(carbamoylmethyl)-4,10-bis(hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, CNPHC = 1-(1-carboxamido-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propyl)-4,7,10-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane). Laser-induced luminescence excitation spectra of Eu(III) complexes of ABHC, ATHC, CNPHC, THED, and S-THP suggest that there is a single major species in solution at pH 6.3 and a second species that appears at more basic pH values (THED = 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, S-THP = 1S,4S,7S,10S-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane). The species present at basic pH is proposed to be an alkoxide or hydroxide complex; pK(a) values as determined by potentiometric titrations are 7.5 and 8.1 for Eu(CNPHC)(3+) and Eu(ABHC)(3+), respectively. Eu(CNPHC)(3+), Eu(ATHC)(3+), and Eu(ABHC)(3+) promote transesterification of the hydroxypropyl ester of 4-nitrophenyl phosphate with pseudo-first-order rate constants at pH 7.3, 37 degrees C, and 1.00 mM complex of 1.4 x 10(-)(5), 9.3 x 10(-)(6), and 1.0 x 10(-)(6) s(-)(1), respectively. Both Eu(CNPHC)(3+)and Eu(ABHC)(3+) promote attack of an hydroxyethyl group of the macrocycle on bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate with pseudo-first-order rate constants at pH 7.3, 37 degrees C, and 1.00 mM complex of 1.5 x 10(-)(4) and 3.5 x 10(-)(5) s(-)(1), respectively. In general, an increase in the number of amide groups on the macrocycle of the Eu(III) complex decreases the rate of both intramolecular or intermolecular phosphate diester transesterification reactions.