gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific Binding of the Biradical Analog of Neocarzinostatin Chromophore to Bulged DNA: Implications for Thiol-Independent Cleavage (1995)

The enediyne anticancer antibiotic neocarzinostatin chromophore generates a single, site-specific break at a bulge in DNA in a thiol-independent reaction, involving intramolecular drug activation under general base catalysis [Kappen, L. S., & Goldberg, I. H. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 13138-13145]. As part of an effort to elucidate the three-dimensional structure of the active complex formed between the labile drug and bulged DNA, we have studied the binding of stable drug products generated in the course of the cleavage reaction with oligodeoxynucleotides containing the bulged structure. By use of fluorescence quenching, we have found that one drug product, which is also formed in the absence of bulged DNA and most closely resembles the biradical intermediate in the cleavage reaction, specifically binds bulged DNA with a Kd in the low micromolar range and competitively inhibits the cleavage reaction. Other drug products, including one formed only in the presence of bulged DNA, fail to bind to the bulged DNA. Implications of these results for the proposed mechanism of bulge-specific cleavage and for the role of the DNA bulge in generating a unique drug product are discussed.
Using microdialysis to analyse the passage of monovalent nanobodies through the blood–brain barrier (2011)

Nanobodies can enter the brain parenchyma from the systemic circulation, especially in pathological conditions where the blood-brain barrier integrity is compromised.
VIRTUAL REALITY IN NEUROSURGICAL EDUCATION (2007)

OBJECTIVE Mastery of the neurosurgical skill set involves many hours of supervised intraoperative training. Convergence of political, economic, and social forces has limited neurosurgical resident operative exposure. There is need to develop realistic neurosurgical simulations that reproduce the operative experience, unrestricted by time and patient safety constraints. Computer-based, virtual reality platforms offer just such a possibility. The combination of virtual reality with dynamic, three-dimensional stereoscopic visualization, and haptic feedback technologies makes realistic procedural simulation possible. Most neurosurgical procedures can be conceptualized and segmented into critical task components, which can be simulated independently or in conjunction with other modules to recreate the experience of a complex neurosurgical procedure. METHODS We use the ImmersiveTouch (ImmersiveTouch, Inc., Chicago, IL) virtual reality platform, developed at the University of Illinois at Chicago, to simulate the task of ventriculostomy catheter placement as a proof-of-concept. Computed tomographic data are used to create a virtual anatomic volume. RESULTS Haptic feedback offers simulated resistance and relaxation with passage of a virtual three-dimensional ventriculostomy catheter through the brain parenchyma into the ventricle. A dynamic three-dimensional graphical interface renders changing visual perspective as the user's head moves. The simulation platform was found to have realistic visual, tactile, and handling characteristics, as assessed by neurosurgical faculty, residents, and medical students. CONCLUSION We have developed a realistic, haptics-based virtual reality simulator for neurosurgical education. Our first module recreates a critical component of the ventriculostomy placement task. This approach to task simulation can be assembled in a modular manner to reproduce entire neurosurgical procedures.
Growth of Human Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts on Bacterial Cellulose Film (2006)

Thin films of bacterial cellulose (BC) from a nata de coco culture system were developed, characterized, and investigated for the growth of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The average pore diameter and total surface area of the dried BC films estimated by BET were 224 A and 12.62 m(2)/g, respectively. With an film thickness of 0.12 mm, the average tensile strength and break strain of the dried films were 5.21 MPa and 3.75%, whereas those of the wet films were 1.56 MPa and 8.00%, respectively. The water absorption capacity of air-dried film was 5.09 g water/g dried films. For uses in the therapy of skin wounds, the potential biological mechanism of action of BC film was evaluated by using human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Our results were the first direct demonstration that BC film supported the growth, spreading, and migration of human keratinocytes but not those of human fibroblasts. Expressions of E-cadherin and the alpha-3 chain of laminin confirmed the phenotype of human keratinocytes on BC film.
β blocker treatment is associated with improvement in renal function and anaemia in patients with heart failure: Table 1 (2006)

Over the past three decades, there has been rapid progress in the diagnosis and management of patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). However, the mortality from CHF remains high, partly due to comorbidity, the very existence of which may have excluded some patients from previous large-scale clinical trials. Hence, the full effect of modern treatment on non-trial “real life” patients with CHF in clinical practice remains uncertain.

Chronic renal impairment (CRI) and anaemia are common comorbidities associated with CHF, and are both independent predictors of poor prognosis.1 It has previously been shown that treatment with either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or β blockers improves prognosis in patients with CHF with or without CRI.2,3 Among the most recent treatments of CHF, ACEIs are potentially nephrotoxic and may cause worsening of anaemia.3 Thus, the relationship between treatment and outcome in patients with CHF with CRI and anaemia needs further investigation. We aimed to assess the effect of β blocker treatment on renal function and anaemia in consecutive ambulatory patients with CHF in routine clinical practice.

A retrospective case study of 134 consecutive patients (alive at the time of analysis) with stable CHF, attending our heart failure clinic between 2002 and 2004, was conducted. Serum creatinine and haemoglobin levels checked …
Enzymatic Conversion of Diacetylated Sophoroselipid into Acetylated Glucoselipid: Surface-Active Properties of Novel Bolaform Biosurfactants (2010)

Sophoroselipids (SL) are bolaform biosurafactants which are abundantly produced by microorganisms from renewable resources. In this study, four kinds of bolaform biosurfactants were produced, and these derivatives were chemoenzymatically synthesized from "acid form" diacetylated SL (SLdiAc), which are preferentially produced by Candida floricola TM 1502 which was newly found in our group. The effects of the structure of sugar moiety on their surface-active properties were investigated by surface tension measurement. After microbial production of SLdiAc from oleic acid/glucose, SLdiAc was converted into acetylated glucoselipid (GLAc). Among twelve species of glucosidases, pectinase and pectolyase including polygalacturonase were found to cleave the beta-1,2-glycosidic linked disaccharide, especially pectolyase produced GLAc effectively at 40 degrees C and pH 4.0. The structure of the major component of purified GLAc was assigned as 17- [(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-cis-9-octadecenoate 6'-acetate by using NMR analyses, MALDI-TOF/MS and GC-MS. Glucoselipid (GL) without acetyl group was also enzymatically converted from SL obtained from alkaline hydrolysis of SLdiAc. Interestingly, the estimated CMC values of SLdiAc, SL, GLAc, GL indicated almost the same values despite their difference in hydrophilic structure. Although the difference in monosaccaride and disaccharide also did not affect gammaCMC, the presence of acetyl group on sugar moiety was found to lower the gammaCMC value slightly, suggesting that the acetyl group on produced bolaform biosurfactant is likely to play more important role to reduce the free energy of air/water interface.
Topology design and bandwidth allocation of embedded ATM networks using genetic algorithm (1998)

A genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed for the design of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network embedded in a digital cross connect network. This highly constrained optimization problem is shown to be better solved using GA. Improved results, both in network performance and computation speed, are obtained when comparing with the existing heuristic approach. A similar methodology can be applied for the design of other communication networks.
Applications of Magnetic Resonance in Model Systems: Cancer Therapeutics (2000)

The lack of information regarding the metabolism and pathophysiology of individual tumors limits, in part, both the development of new anti-cancer therapies and the optimal implementation of currently available treatments. Magnetic resonance [MR, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)] provides a powerful tool to assess many aspects of tumor metabolism and pathophysiology. Moreover, since this information can be obtained nondestructively, pre-clinical results from cellular or animal models are often easily translated into the clinic. This review presents selected examples of how MR has been used to identify metabolic changes associated with apoptosis, detect therapeutic response prior to a change in tumor volume, optimize the combination of metabolic inhibitors with chemotherapy and/or radiation, characterize and exploit the influence of tumor pH on the effectiveness of chemotherapy, characterize tumor reoxygenation and the effects of modifiers of tumor oxygenation in individual tumors, image transgene expression and assess the efficacy of gene therapy. These examples provide an overview of several of the areas in which cellular and animal model studies using MR have contributed to our understanding of the effects of treatment on tumor metabolism and pathophysiology and the importance of tumor metabolism and pathophysiology as determinants of therapeutic response.
Wearable feedback systems for rehabilitation (2005)

Abstract In this paper we describe LiveNet, a flexible wearable platform intended for long-term ambulatory health monitoring with real-time data streaming and context classification. Based on the MIT Wearable Computing Group's distributed mobile system architecture, LiveNet is a stable, accessible system that combines inexpensive, commodity hardware; a flexible sensor/peripheral interconnection bus; and a powerful, light-weight distributed sensing, classification, and inter-process communications software architecture to facilitate the development of distributed real-time multi-modal and context-aware applications. LiveNet is able to continuously monitor a wide range of physiological signals together with the user's activity and context, to develop a personalized, data-rich health profile of a user over time. We demonstrate the power and functionality of this platform by describing a number of health monitoring applications using the LiveNet system in a variety of clinical studies that are underway. Initial evaluations of these pilot experiments demonstrate the potential of using the LiveNet system for real-world applications in rehabilitation medicine.
Recurrent nasal tumor detection by dynamic MRI (1999)

The purpose of this research is to detect and enhance the recurrent nasal tumor region by computing the relative intensity difference between consecutive MR images after using a contrast agent. In this article, we apply a relative signal increase model to recognize a recurrent nasal tumor by dynamic MR images. A robust estimation technique is used to deal with matching corresponding points among different images. The active contour technique is applied to refine automatically the region of interest and obtain a more precise definition of the area of interest. The quantitative evaluation of dynamic MR data is modeled by fitting three-parameter time-intensity curves.
Th9 cells promote antitumor immune responses in vivo (2012)

Th9 cells are a subset of CD4+ Th cells that produce the pleiotropic cytokine IL-9. IL-9/Th9 can function as both positive and negative regulators of immune response, but the role of IL-9/Th9 in tumor immunity is unknown. We examined the role of IL-9/Th9 in a model of pulmonary melanoma in mice. Lack of IL-9 enhanced tumor growth, while tumor-specific Th9 cell treatment promoted stronger antitumor responses in both prophylactic and therapeutic models. Th9 cells also elicited strong host antitumor CD8+ CTL responses by promoting Ccl20/Ccr6-dependent recruitment of DCs to the tumor tissues. Subsequent tumor antigen delivery to the draining LN resulted in CD8+ T cell priming. In agreement with this model, Ccr6 deficiency abrogated the Th9 cell-mediated antitumor response. Our data suggest a distinct role for tumor-specific Th9 cells in provoking CD8+ CTL-mediated antitumor immunity and indicate that Th9 cell-based cancer immunotherapy may be a promising therapeutic approach.
Alexandrite laser pumped by semiconductor lasers (1990)

We report the first operation of a direct diode-pumped tunable chromium-doped solid-state laser. A small alexandrite (Cr:BeAl2O4) crystal was longitudinally pumped by two visible laser diodes. The threshold pump power was 12 mW using the R1 line at 680.4 nm for the pump transition, and the slope efficiency was 25%. The measured laser output bandwidth was 2.1 nm.
Simple binary segmentation frameworks for identifying variation in DNA copy number (2012)

The main advantages of the proposed procedure are flexibility and simplicity.
In Silico Identification and Biological Evaluation of Antimicrobial Peptides Based on Human Cathelicidin LL-37 (2006)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are important triggers of the widespread inflammatory response, which contributes to the development of multiple organ failure during sepsis. The helical 37-amino-acid-long human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 not only possesses a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity but also binds and neutralizes LPS. However, the use of LL-37 in sepsis treatment is hampered by the fact that it is also cytotoxic. To find a less toxic analog of LL-37, we used in silico analysis to identify amphipathic helical regions of LL-37. A 21-amino-acid fragment (GKE) was synthesized, the biological actions of which were compared to those of two equally long peptides derived from the N and C termini of LL-37 as well as native LL-37. GKE displayed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Candida parapsilosis that was similar to or even stronger than LL-37. GKE, as well as the equally long control peptides, attracted granulocytes in a fashion similar to that of LL-37, while only GKE was as potent as LL-37 in inhibiting LPS-induced vascular nitric oxide production. GKE caused less hemolysis and apoptosis in human cultured smooth muscle cells than LL-37. In summary, we have identified an active domain of LL-37, GKE, which displays antimicrobial activity in vitro and LPS-binding activity similar to those of LL-37 but is less toxic. GKE therefore holds promise as a template for the development of peptide antibiotics for the treatment of sepsis.
Electrical stunning and hibernation: suggestion of new terms for short- and long-term cardiac memory (2004)

Persistent T wave changes following resumption of sinus rhythm induced by pacing or arrhythmias that cause altering of ventricular activation sequence are named "cardiac memory". After this initial definition there has been a discussion whether such T wave changes are primary, secondary or pseudoprimary. In addition according to the results of pathophysiological studies investigating the mechanism and nature of this repolarization abnormality some authors have preferred to use the term "electrical remodelling" instead of cardiac memory. But these two terms are still not well defined. In this article, the previous terms are discussed and a new term instead of cardiac memory is introduced.
Coassembly of Aromatic Dipeptides into Biomolecular Necklaces (2012)

This paper describes the formation of complex peptide-based structures by the coassembly of two simple peptides, the diphenylalanine peptide and its tert-butyl dicarbonate (Boc) protected analogue. Each of these peptides can self-assemble into a distinct architecture: the diphenylalanine peptide into tubular structures and its analogue into spheres. Integrated together, these peptides coassemble into a construction of beaded strings, where spherical assemblies are connected by elongated elements. Electron and scanning force microscopy demonstrated the morphology of these structures, which we termed "biomolecular necklaces". Additional experiments indicated the reversibility of the coassembly process and the stability of the structures. Furthermore, we suggest a possible mechanism of formation for the biomolecular necklaces. Our suggestion is based on the necklace model for polyelectrolyte chains, which proposes that a necklace structure appears as a result of counterion condensation on the backbone of a polyelectrolyte. Overall, the approach of coassembly, demonstrated using aromatic peptides, can be adapted to any peptides and may lead to the development and discovery of new self-assembled architectures formed by peptides and other biomolecules.
Lower Counts of Astroglia and Activated Microglia in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease with Regular Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (2000)

Epidemiological studies have indicated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) may have some therapeutic effect in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and experimental studies have shown that microglia activation by Abeta-peptide (Abeta-peptide. Furthermore, our results indicate that regular NSAID use is associated with significantly lower counts of astrocytes and a trend of lower counts of activated microglia in the brain tissue. The influence of NSAID use was noted in all ApoE genotypes however the trend of lower counts of glial cells with regular NSAID use was more marked in patients carrying the ApoE varepsilon 4/4 alleles. Based on our results one would anticipate that regular NSAID dosing could have a beneficial effect on the progression of the disease. However, the fact that we failed to observe significant differences for activated microglia might indicate an age or stage dependent difference in the glial response i.e. in their activation rate. More studies into age and stage related factors influencing the glial response are required if one is to devise novel pharmacological treatment strategies for AD.
Cellular phone base stations installation violate the electromagnetic compatibility regulations (2005)

In mobile telecommunication, radio frequency waves that are used to carry the intelligence of cell phone calls is actually the electromagnetic energy transmitted through space. Electronic equipments such as medical devices, radio amateur etc that is located nearer to the cellular phone base station receives much more electromagnetic energy that can adversely affect its operations thereby cause interference. This paper presents a case study in China (Wuhan) that investigates the effect of electromagnetic radiation on electronic equipment due to base stations built on top of or near hospitals, clinics and residential buildings. The path from the base station transmitter through the air was examined and later linked to the electromagnetic field theory to build models of different paths for interfering signals which were sustained by simulation. The conditions determining the risk of interference were considered. The main purpose of this paper is to study the existing standards such as EMC-directive in regard to interference on electronic equipments and to disseminate the EMC education about the cellular phone base stations installations.
Thin-film conducting microgrids as transparent heat mirrors (1976)

A new type of transparent heat mirror for solar-energy applications has been fabricated by chemically etching a Sn-doped In2O3 film to form a transparent conducting microgrid. For square openings 2.5 μm on a side, separated by lines 0.6 μm wide, the solar transmission increases from 0.8 for the original continuous film to 0.9 for the microgrid. Although 65% of the area of the film is removed by etching, the infrared reflectivity decreases by only 9%, from 0.91 to 0.83. A smaller decrease in the infrared reflectivity may be possible if materials with higher optical conductivity are used.
Personalizing therapy for colorectal cancer (2015)

Heinz-Josef Lenz speaks to Roshaine Gunawardana, Managing Commissioning Editor: Dr Heinz-Josef Lenz is Professor of Medicine and Professor of Preventive Medicine, holds the Kathryn Balakrishnan Chair for Cancer Research, is Associate Director, Clinical Research, Co-Chair of gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Co-Director USC Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery at the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center in Los Angeles (CA, USA). Dr Lenz received his medical degree from Johannes-Gutenberg Universität in Mainz (Germany), and went on to complete a residency in hematology and oncology at the Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen (Germany), before completing clerkships in oncology and hematology at George Washington University (DC, USA) and the Beth Israel Hospital of Harvard Medical School (MA, USA), respectively. He completed a postdoctoral Fellowship in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the USC Keck School of Medicine. Dr Lenz's research focus is in the identification of predictive and prognostic biomarkers in GI cancers, early drug development and novel clinical trials. He is Co-Chair of SWOG GI Committee, Chair SWOG GI Translational Medicine and member of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) GI Steering Committee, NCI Investigational Drug Steering Committee, the NCI Gastroesophageal Task Force and NCI Correlative Science Committee. He is the Principal Investigator for R01, U01, U10 and USC PI for N01. He has been awarded a number of prestigious awards including American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Young Investigator Award, ASCO Career Development Award, NCI Career Development Award, STOP Cancer Career Development Award and Research Recognition Award. He has published over 270 peer reviewed papers including Nature Medicine, Nature Genetics, Journal of Clinical Oncology and Lancet.
Energy level tunneling spectroscopy and single electron charging in individual CdSe quantum dots (1999)

We directly show the evolution of the electronic structure of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with QD size in the strong confinement regime by employing low-temperature tunneling current–voltage spectroscopy to individual electrodeposited CdSe QDs. From the spectra we measure the values of Eg, map discrete energy levels in both valence and conduction “bands,” and show the occurrence of single-electron tunneling effects for isolated QDs of different sizes (2, 3, and 4.5 nm diameter). Since tunneling is not limited by optical selection rules, we are able to directly measure energy level spacings not necessarily accessible by optical spectroscopy. Our spectra demonstrate the interplay between charging and energy level spacing, resulting in a rich and controllable structure that forms a basis for QD nanoelectronic devices.
Antigen-sensitized CD4+CD62Llow memory/effector T helper 2 cells can induce airway hyperresponsiveness in an antigen free setting (2005)

These results suggest that antigen-sensitized memory/effector Th2 cells themselves play an important role for induction of basal AHR in an antigen free, eosinophil-independent setting. Therefore, regulation of CD4+ T cell-mediated immune response itself could be a critical therapeutic target for allergic asthma.