gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Previous Back Pain and Risk of Developing Back Pain in a Future Pregnancy (1991)

Four hundred twenty-nine pregnant women who had back pain before pregnancy and 375 pregnant women with no previous back pain were followed at regular intervals from the 12th week of pregnancy until delivery; back-pain complaints were recorded. Overall , back pain occurred twice as often in the group with a back-pain history (period prevalence) (P less than 0.001). The point prevalence of back pain in weeks 12, 24, 30, and 36 was three times higher in the group who had had back pain before pregnancy indicating that pain was not only more prevalent but also lasted longer in that group. Women who had been pregnant previously tended to have an increased risk of back pain, and there was a statistically significant correlation between multiparity and longer periods of back pain (P less than 0.001). Young age increased the risk of back pain (P less than 0.001). Pain intensity was higher in the younger women during the first part of their pregnancies but not later on (P less than 0.05).
Autoantibodies to the C-terminal subunit of RLIP76 induce oxidative stress and endothelial cell apoptosis in immune-mediated vascular diseases and atherosclerosis (2007)

Although detection of autoantibodies in the peripheral blood from patients with immune-mediated endothelial dysfunctions has so far failed to provide tools of diagnostic or pathogenetic value, putative bioindicators include anti-endothelial cell antibodies, a heterogeneous family of antibodies that react with autoantigens expressed by endothelial cells. In this study, to identify endothelial autoantigens involved in the autoimmune processes causing endothelial damage, we screened a human microvascular endothelial cell cDNA library with sera from patients with Behçet's disease. We identified antibodies to the C-terminus of Ral binding protein1 (RLIP76), a protein that catalyzes the ATP-dependent transport of glutathione (GSH) conjugates including GSH-4-hydroxy-t-2,3-nonenal, in the serum of a significant percentage of patients with various diseases characterized by immune-mediated endothelial dysfunction, including Behçet disease, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and carotid atherosclerosis. These autoantibodies increased intracellular levels of 4-hydroxy-t-2,3-nonenal, decreased levels of GSH and activated C-Jun NH2 Kinase signaling (JNK), thus inducing oxidative stress-mediated endothelial cell apoptosis. The dietary antioxidant alpha-tocopherol counteracted endothelial cell demise. These findings suggest that autoantibodies to RLIP76 play a pathogenetic role in immune-mediated vascular diseases and represent a valuable peripheral blood bioindicator of atherosclerosis and immune-mediated vascular diseases.
Seven-core multicore fiber transmissions for passive optical network (2010)

We design and fabricate a novel multicore fiber (MCF), with seven cores arranged in a hexagonal array. The fiber properties of MCF including low crosstalk, attenuation and splice loss are described. A new tapered MCF connector (TMC), showing ultra-low crosstalk and losses, is also designed and fabricated for coupling the individual signals in-and-out of the MCF. We further propose a novel network configuration using parallel transmissions with the MCF and TMC for passive optical network (PON). To the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate the first bi-directional parallel transmissions of 1310 nm and 1490 nm signals over 11.3-km of seven-core MCF with 64-way splitter for PON.
Cyclin-dependent Kinase 2 Negatively Regulates Human Pregnane X Receptor-mediated CYP3A4 Gene Expression in HepG2 Liver Carcinoma Cells (2008)

The human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) regulates the expression of critical drug metabolism enzymes. One of such enzymes, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), plays critical roles in drug metabolism in hepatocytes that are either quiescent or passing through the cell cycle. It has been well established that the expression of P450, such as CYP3A4, is markedly reduced during liver development or regeneration. Numerous studies have implicated cellular signaling pathways in modulating the functions of nuclear receptors, including hPXR. Here we report that inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) by kenpaullone and roscovitine (two small molecule inhibitors of Cdks that we identified in a screen for compounds that activate hPXR) leads to activation of hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 gene expression in HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells. Consistent with this finding, activation of Cdk2 attenuates the activation of CYP3A4 gene expression. In vitro kinase assays revealed that Cdk2 directly phosphorylates hPXR. A phosphomimetic mutation of a putative Cdk phosphorylation site, Ser(350), significantly impairs the function of hPXR, whereas a phosphorylation-deficient mutation confers resistance to Cdk2. Using HepG2 that has been stably transfected with hPXR and the CYP3A4-luciferase reporter, enriched in different phases of the cell cycle, we found that hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 expression is greatly reduced in the S phase. Our results indicate for the first time that Cdk2 negatively regulates the activity of hPXR, and suggest an important role for Cdk2 in regulating hPXR activity and CYP3A4 expression in hepatocytes passing through the cell cycle, such as those in fetal or regenerating adult liver.
A case study on hunting a brilliant hacker (2002)

In December 1989, a computer intruder broke into the computer systems in Academia Sinica, Taipei. Instead of trying to keep the intruder out, the approach was taken of allowing him access and tracing his activities. Instead of using printers, personal computer and hard disk were used to record the intruder's activities. The trace was harder than expected; it took nearly two months. The search for the intruder was stopped for two reasons: the first was that he was not harmful-he only wanted free computer and communication resources; the second was that not much help could be obtained from the telecommunications bureau and security department.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Polymer/Carbon-Based Hybrid Aerogels: Preparation, Properties and Applications (2015)

Aerogels are synthetic porous materials derived from sol-gel materials in which the liquid component has been replaced with gas to leave intact solid nanostructures without pore collapse. Recently, aerogels based on natural or synthetic polymers, called polymer or organic aerogels, have been widely explored due to their porous structures and unique properties, such as high specific surface area, low density, low thermal conductivity and dielectric constant. This paper gives a comprehensive review about the most recent progresses in preparation, structures and properties of polymer and their derived carbon-based aerogels, as well as their potential applications in various fields including energy storage, adsorption, thermal insulation and flame retardancy. To facilitate further research and development, the technical challenges are discussed, and several future research directions are also suggested in this review.
Distribution of hepatitis G viremia and antibody response to recombinant proteins with special regard to risk factors in 709 patients (1997)

A new virus named hepatitis G virus (HGV) has been detected recently. Until now, no assays for the detection of antibodies against different HGV proteins have been commercially available. Therefore, a strip immunoblot assay has been established to investigate seroreactivity against recombinant structural (core) and nonstructural proteins (NS3 and NS4) of HGV produced in Escherichia coli. Seropositivity for HGV was evaluated and concordanced with HGV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results in 709 subjects. These individuals were classified into a nonrisk or a risk group, on the basis of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) or frequent parenteral exposure, including hemophilia, intravenous drug addiction, receipt of blood transfusion, or hemodialysis. The nonrisk group consisted of 257 healthy blood donors with normal alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (ALT < 30 U/L) and 154 patients with suspected non-A-E hepatitis (ALT > 45 U/L). In the group of healthy blood donors, 1.9% (5 of 257) had detectable HGV viremia and 15.9% (41 of 257) showed antibody response to HGV. In the collective of patients with suspected non-A-E hepatitis, results from 1.9% of patients (3 of 154) were positive by HGV PCR, and 15.6% of patients (24 of 154) showed seropositivity against the recombinant HGV proteins. In six groups of patients (n = 298) with different risk factors, the prevalence of both HGV viremia (V) and serological reactivity (SR) was higher compared with that of the nonrisk group: V, 6.80%-35.2%; serological reactivity (SR), 25.4%-52.9%. The following conclusions can be derived from our data. HGV infection is widespread in the general population. The prevalence of antibodies against HGV or detectable HGV viremia is higher in patients with risk factors for parenteral viral transmission than in those without risk factors. The majority of HGV infections (70.2%) is self-limiting and not persistent in our collective of patients. We found no correlation between HGV viremia and clinical or biochemical signs of hepatitis in individuals without risk factors for acquiring parenterally transmitted agents.
Protein-mediated adhesion of Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 on human enterocyte and mucus-secreting cell lines in culture (1992)

The adhesion of Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4, a human stool isolate, to two human enterocytelike cell lines (Caco-2 and HT-29) and to the mucus secreted by a subpopulation of mucus-secreting HT29-MTX cells was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the bacteria interacted with the well-defined apical microvilli of Caco-2 cells without cell damage and with the mucus secreted by the subpopulation of HT29-MTX cells. The adhesion to Caco-2 cells did not require calcium and involved an adhesion-promoting factor that was present in the spent supernatant of L. acidophilus cultures. This factor promoted adhesion of poorly adhering human Lactobacillus casei GG but did not promote adhesion of L. casei CNRZ 387, a strain of dairy origin. The adherence components on the bacterial cells and in the spent supernatant were partially characterized. Carbohydrates on the bacterial cell wall appeared to be partly responsible for the interaction between the bacteria and the extracellular adhesion-promoting factor. The adhesion-promoting factor was proteinaceous, since trypsin treatment dramatically decreased the adhesion of the L. acidophilus strain. The adhesion-promoting factor may be an important component of Lactobacillus species that colonize the gastrointestinal tract.
Programming ColdFusion (2001)

From the Publisher:
Programming ColdFusion covers everything a developer needs to know to create effective web applications with ColdFusion, a powerful tool for rapid web site development. The book starts with the basics and quickly moves to more advanced topics, providing numerous examples of common web application tasks, so readers can learn by example. Covers ColdFusion 5.0.
Retinoids in oncology (1993)

Biochemistry and pharmacology of retinoids, William S. Blaner retinoids and squamous cell differentiation, Reuben Lotan role of nuclear retinoic acid receptors in the control of differentiation of epidermal kerantinocytes, Anton Jetten, et al modulation of growth and differentiation by combined retinoids and cytokines in cancer, Werner Bollag and Richard Peck retinoids in experimental oncology, Richard C. Moon clinical toxicity of retinoids, Isaiah W. Dimery retinoids in leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, Stanley R. Frankel and Raymond P. Warrel, Jr. retinoids in skin cancer, Scott M. Lipperman and John J. DiGiovanna retinoids in head and neck cancer, Steven E. Benner, et al retinoids in lung cancer, Andre M. Arnold retinoids in bladder cancer, William Tester retinoids and cervical cancer, John J. Kavanaugh, et al human teratocarcinomas and retinoic acid-mediated tumour differentiation, Jose Baselga and Ethan Dmitrovsky retinoids and breast cancer, Alberto Costa.
Analysis of spectral regrowth of weakly nonlinear power amplifiers (2000)

Power amplifiers (PAs) are important components in a wireless communications system. Linearity and efficiency are two desirable but conflicting requirements, All PAs exhibit varying degrees of nonlinearity which causes spectral regrowth and adjacent channel interference. Based on the behavior model of the PA and statistics of the input, it is possible to analyze spectral regrowth in the output. Existing results assume that the input is Gaussian whereas our analysis does not. Analytical results on spectral regrowth are useful in finding optimal operating conditions of the PA so that maximum efficiency is achieved without violating the out-of-band emission requirement.
Formation of air gaps in snow melting on a bottom boundery. (I). A theory for a homogeneous snow cover. (1992)

積雪を底面から融解する場合に,融解面上にしばしば空洞の発生が観測される.本論文では,空洞の発生が底面における融解速度の不均一と積雪の変形とのバランスのもとに決まるものとして,理論的に空洞発生の条件を,簡単な場合(積雪は一様均質で,ある瞬間の状態のみを考慮)について求めた.結果として,融解速度の不均一が大きいこと,その波長が短いこと,雪の密度が大きいこと,他の条件が同じであれば積雪が適度に薄いことが空洞が発生するための必要条件になることがわかった.
LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY2 acts together with LEAFY to activate APETALA1 (2011)

The switch from producing vegetative structures (branches and leaves) to producing reproductive structures (flowers) is a crucial developmental transition that significantly affects the reproductive success of flowering plants. In Arabidopsis, this transition is in large part controlled by the meristem identity regulator LEAFY (LFY). The molecular mechanisms by which LFY orchestrates a precise and robust switch to flower formation is not well understood. Here, we show that the direct LFY target LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY2 (LMI2) has a role in the meristem identity transition. Like LFY, LMI2 activates AP1 directly; moreover, LMI2 and LFY interact physically. LFY, LMI2 and AP1 are connected in a feed-forward and positive feedback loop network. We propose that these intricate regulatory interactions not only direct the precision of this crucial developmental transition in rapidly changing environmental conditions, but also contribute to its robustness and irreversibility.
Broadband ISDN Switching Capabilities from a Services Perspective (1987)

Broadband switching and transmission technologies are maturing rapidly, promising to make broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) possible and potentially economical in the near future. The diversity of possible B-ISDN services provides much impetus for the implementation of B-ISDN, but complicates the task of specifying network switching requirements. This paper examines a few representative services in order to generate a set of basis vectors in capability space. New services are then projected onto this basis; if a new service cannot be constructed from the basis vectors, other vectors are added to the basis set. B-ISDN architects can then specify switching requirements by selecting those capability basis vectors that are required for the services most in demand. For full motion entertainment video services, circuit switching capability at about 150 Mbit/s may be required, while selective broadcast and remote switching capabilities may reduce the cost of these services. For subvideo-rate services, new transfer mode (NTM) capability may be required to allow users the flexibility to allocate access channels dynamically on a per-call basis. Multiple connection (e.g., voice and video) and multiple party call capabilities may be required for many B-ISDN services, implying a need to extend the ISDN signaling protocol. The capability for the user to request network code conversion between different coding formats (e.g., NTSC or HDTV), and network compression of signals to reduce the cost of interoffice facilities, may also be required. Finally, fast call setup capability and high calling volume capabilities may be required, implying a need to distribute call processing functions over multiple processors in the central office.
MindReader: Querying Databases Through Multiple Examples (2018)

Users often can not easily express their queries. For example, in a multimedia/image by content setting, the user might want photographs with sunsets; in current systems, like QBIC, the user has to give a sample query, and to specify the relative importance of color, shape and texture. Even worse, the user might want correlations between attributes, like, for example, in a traditional, medical record database, a medical researcher might want to find "mildly overweight patients", where the implied query would be "weight/height ~ 4 lb/inch". Our goal is to provide a user-friendly, but theoretically solid method, to handle such queries. We allow the user to give several examples, and, optionally, their 'goodness' scores, and we propose a novel method to "guess" which attributes are important, which correlations are important, and with what weight. Our contributions are twofold: (a) we formalize the problem as a minimization problem and show how to solve for the optimal solution, completely avoiding the ad-hoc heuristics of the past. (b) Moreover, we are the first that can handle 'diagonal' queries (like the 'overweight' query above). Experiments on synthetic and real datasets show that our method estimates quickly and accurately the 'hidden' distance function in the user's mind.
Water-Soluble, Unimolecular Containers Based on Amphiphilic Multiarm Star Block Copolymers (2006)

A new class of water-soluble, amphiphilic star block copolymers with a large number of arms was prepared by sequential atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA). As the macroinitiator for the ATRP, a 2-bromoisobutyric acid functionalized fourth-generation hyperbranched polyester (Boltorn H40) was used, which allowed the preparation of star polymers that contained on average 20 diblock copolymer arms. The synthetic concept was validated by AFM experiments, which allowed direct visualization of single molecules of the multiarm star block copolymers. DSC and SAXS experiments on bulk samples suggested a microphase-separated structure, in agreement with the core−shell architecture of the polymers. SAXS experiments on aqueous solutions indicated that the star block copolymers can be regarded as unimolecular micelles composed of a PBMA core and a diffuse PPEGMA corona. The ability of the polymers to encapsulate and release hydrophobic guests was evaluated using 1H NMR spectroscopy. In dilute aqueous solution, these polymers act as unimolecular containers that can be loaded with up to 27 wt % hydrophobic guest molecules.
Identification of Arodyn, a Novel Acetylated Dynorphin A-(1−11) Analogue, as a κ Opioid Receptor Antagonist (2002)

Arodyn (aromatic dynorphin) is a novel analogue of the opioid peptide dynorphin A with a nonbasic N-terminus that exhibits nanomolar affinity (K(i) = 10 nM) and remarkable selectivity for kappa opioid receptors (K(i) ratio (kappa/mu/delta) = 1/174/583). Arodyn completely reverses the agonism of dynorphin A (1-13)NH(2) in a concentration-dependent manner in the adenylyl cyclase assay. Thus arodyn is a novel kappa opioid receptor selective antagonist that will be useful to study these receptors.
Kinase cascades regulating entry into apoptosis (1997)

All cells are constantly exposed to conflicting environment cues that signal cell survival or cell death. Survival signals are delivered by autocrine or paracrine factors that actively suppress a default death pathway. In addition to survival factor withdrawal, cell death can be triggered by environmental stresses such as heat, UV light, and hyperosmolarity or by dedicated death receptors (e.g., FAS/APO-1 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF] receptors) that are counterparts of growth factor or survival receptors at the cell surface. One of the ways that cells integrate conflicting exogenous stimuli is by phosphorylation (or dephosphorylation) of cellular constituents by interacting cascades of serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases (and phosphatases). Survival factors (e.g., growth factors and mitogens) activate receptor tyrosine kinases and selected mitogen-activated, cyclin-dependent, lipid-activated, nucleic acid-dependent, and cyclic AMP-dependent kinases to promote cell survival and proliferation, whereas environmental stress (or death factors such as FAS/APO-1 ligand and TNF-alpha) activates different members of these kinase families to inhibit cell growth and, under some circumstances, promote apoptotic cell death. Because individual kinase cascades can interact with one another, they are able to integrate conflicting exogenous stimuli and provide a link between cell surface receptors and the biochemical pathways leading to cell proliferation or cell death.
Domain structure and domain-domain interactions of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (1991)

The melting of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy. At neutral pH, rtPA melts with only partial reversibility in a single sharp peak that can be deconvoluted into four transitions. By contrast, at acidic pH the melting process is spread over a broad range of temperature and is highly reversible. Under these conditions five transitions are resolved by deconvolution analysis. Additional measurements in 6 M guanidinium chloride reveal a sixth transition representing an extremely stable domain. Comparison of the melting curves of several fragments with those of the parent protein allowed all of the transitions to be assigned. The results indicate that rtPA is comprised of six independently folded domains. Two of these domains correspond to the two kringle modules whose thermodynamic properties are similar to those of the kringles in plasminogen. Two additional domains are formed by the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like and finger modules, the latter of which is extremely stable, requiring the presence of a chemical denaturant for its melting to be observed. The serine protease module contains two more domains which at neutral pH melt cooperatively in a single transition but at low pH melt independently, accounting for the greater number of transitions observed there. Measurements with a 50-kDa fragment lacking the C-terminal half of the serine protease module and with a variant lacking the finger and EGF domains indicate that the serine protease domains interact strongly with and are stabilized by the finger and/or EGF domains in the intact protein. This interaction between domains located at opposite ends of the rtPA molecule produces a more compact structure. A better understanding of such interactions may enhance efforts to engineer plasminogen activators with improved thrombolytic properties.
Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry, Vol. 6: Semiconductor electrodes and Photoelectrochemistry (2002)

The following topics were dealt with: 1. Fundamentals of semiconductor electrochemistry and photoelectrochemistry; 2. Experimental techniques (Photoelectrochemical systems characterization; Grafting molecular properties onto semiconductor surfaces; Capacitance, luminescence, and related optical techniques); 3. Semiconductor nanostructure; 4. Solar energy conversion without dye sensitization (Photoelectrochemical solar energy storage cells; Solar photoelectrochemical generation of hydrogen fuel); 5. Dye-sensitized photoelectrochenmistry (Dye-sensitized regenerative solar cells; Dyes for semiconductor sensitization; solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells); 6. Nonsolar energy applications (Photocatalysis; Silverless Photography; Photoelectrochemical etching).
Effect of GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus Coinfection on the Course of HIV Infection in Hemophilia Patients in Japan (1998)

In Japanese hemophilia patients, coinfection with GBV-C/HGV does not have an adverse effect on the course of HIV infection.