gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The novel triterpenoid CDDO and its derivatives induce apoptosis by disruption of intracellular redox balance. (2003)

The novel oleanane triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) induces apoptosis of human leukemia cells by activation of the extrinsic caspase-8 pathway. The mechanisms responsible for the proapoptotic effects of CDDO are unknown. The present studies demonstrate that CDDO activates the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in U-937 leukemia cells. The results also show that CDDO activates stress kinases by increasing levels of reactive oxygen species and decreasing intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations. Similar findings were obtained with the C-28 methyl ester (CDDO-Me) and C-28 imidazolide ester (CDDO-Im) derivatives. The results also demonstrate that CDDO-induced: (a) stimulation of Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase; (b) activation of caspase-8; (c) loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential; (d) release of cytochrome c; and (e) cleavage of caspase-3 are blocked by pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine and GSH but not with cysteine. In concert with these results, CDDO-induced apoptosis is also abrogated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine and GSH. These findings demonstrate that CDDO and its derivatives disrupt intracellular redox balance and thereby induce apoptosis.
Cardiac-Resynchronization Therapy in Heart Failure with Narrow QRS Complexes (2007)

CRT did not improve peak oxygen consumption in patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure, providing evidence that patients with heart failure and narrow QRS intervals may not benefit from CRT. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00132977 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Document page similarity based on layout visual saliency: application to query by example and document classification (2005)

In this paper we propose to define a measure of visualsimilarity to compare different pages in a corpus. Thismeasure is based on the analysis of the visual layoutsaliency of the page composition. This similarity iscomputed using both the document layout andcharacteristics of the text itself. The text characterizationuses statistical features derived from textural primitives.Our purpose is to establish perceptive links betweendocuments in order to facilitate their storage and theirretrieval. In this paper we present two possibleapplications of this measure of similarity: the query ofthe corpus by example and the documents classification.In the first application, we extract documents that are themost visually similar to a document, given as query. Inthe second application, the similarity measure is used toclassify the document under investigation using its visualsimilarity to a reference set of documents. Our test corpusis extracted from the Finland MTDB Oulu multi-genredatabase that provides a great diversity of page layoutsand contents.
Generative Adversarial Text to Image Synthesis (2016)

Automatic synthesis of realistic images from text would be interesting and useful, but current AI systems are still far from this goal. However, in recent years generic and powerful recurrent neural network architectures have been developed to learn discriminative text feature representations. Meanwhile, deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (GANs) have begun to generate highly compelling images of specific categories, such as faces, album covers, and room interiors. In this work, we develop a novel deep architecture and GAN formulation to effectively bridge these advances in text and image model- ing, translating visual concepts from characters to pixels. We demonstrate the capability of our model to generate plausible images of birds and flowers from detailed text descriptions.
New Catalysts for the Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfones with Hydrogen Peroxide (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Catalysts for the Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfones with Hydrogen PeroxideHerman S. Schultz, Harlan B. Freyermuth, and Saul R. BucCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 4, 1140–1142Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01039a512https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01039a512research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2018Altmetric-Citations195LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficacy and safety of farletuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to folate receptor alpha, in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer subjects: Final data from a multicenter phase II study. (2010)

5001 Background: Farletuzumab (MORAb-003) is a humanized monoclonal antibody to folate receptor alpha, which is overexpressed in most epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC), but largely absent on normal tissue. The phase I study showed signs of activity and did not reach an MTD. Methods: 54 subjects with platinum-sensitive EOC in first relapse received weekly farletuzumab either as single agent (SA) or in combination with carboplatin (AUC 5-6) and taxane (P/T) q 21 days for 6 cycles, followed by farletuzumab maintenance. 28 subjects with asymptomatic CA125 relapse received SA farletuzumab. Subjects could receive P/T plus farletuzumab after SA. 26 subjects with symptomatic relapse entered the combination arm directly and 21 subjects entered after SA. Primary endpoints were normalization of CA125 and Objective Response Rate. Duration of each subject's second response was compared to the duration of their own first response. Results: Farletuzumab was well-tolerated as SA as well as without additive toxicity to P/T. Preliminary data show that of the 44 evaluable subjects who received farletuzumab with P/T, 89% normalized CA-125. In 9/44 (21%) treated subjects, the second remission has been equal to, or longer, than the first remission. There was an unexpectedly high response rate among subjects with a first progression-free interval of <12 months, comparable to that in subjects with a first progression-free interval of >12 months (Table). Conclusions: Preliminary data for this study indicated that farletuzumab with P/T significantly increases objective response rate compared to historic data for P/T alone in platinum-sensitive first-relapsed ovarian cancer subjects and increases the duration of second remission compared to first remission. Combination therapy: Response by length of first progression-free interval First progression-free interval <12 months (n=12) ≥12 months (n=32) CA125 normalization 92% 84% RECIST responder (CR + PR) 64% 71% RECIST patient benefit (CR + PR + SD) 100% 90% Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Morphotek Morphotek Morphotek Morphotek
[Leu^ , Pro^ ]neuropeptide Y : a specific Y1 receptor agonist (1990)

Two types of binding sites have previously been described for 36-amino acid neuropeptide Y (NPY), called Y1 and Y2 receptors. Y2 receptors can bind long C-terminal fragments of NPY-e.g., NPY-(13-36)-peptide. In contrast, Y1 receptors have until now only been characterized as NPY receptors that do not bind such fragments. In the present study an NPY analog is presented, [Leu31, Pro34]NPY, which in a series of human neuroblastoma cell lines and on rat PC-12 cells can displace radiolabeled NPY only from cells that express Y1 receptors and not from those expressing Y2 receptors. The radiolabeled analog, [125I-Tyr36] monoiodo-[Leu31, Pro34]NPY, also binds specifically only to cells with Y1 receptors. The binding of this analog to Y1 receptors on human neuroblastoma cells is associated with a transient increase in cytoplasmic free calcium concentrations similar to the response observed with NPY. [Leu31, Pro34]NPY is also active in vivo as it is even more potent than NPY in increasing blood pressure in anesthetized rats. It is concluded that [Leu31, Pro34]NPY is a specific Y1 receptor agonist and that the analog or variants of it can be useful in delineating the physiological importance of Y1 receptors.
Capillary electrophoresis of complex natural polysaccharides (2008)

Complex natural polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), are a class of ubiquitous macromolecules that exhibit a wide range of biological functions and participate and regulate multiple cellular events and (patho)physiological processes. They are generally present either as free chains (hyaluronic acid and bacterial acidic polysaccharides) or as side chains of proteoglycans (PGs; chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, heparin/heparan sulfate, and keratan sulfate) and are most often found in cell membranes and in the extracellular matrix. The recent emergence of modern analytical tools for their study has produced a virtual explosion in the field of glycomics. CE, due to its high resolving power and sensitivity, has been useful in the analysis of intact GAGs and GAG-derived oligosaccharides and disaccharides affording concentration and structural characterization data essential for understanding the biological functions of GAGs. In this review, novel off-line and on-line CE-MS and MS/MS methods for screening of GAG-derived oligosaccharides and disaccharides will be discussed.
Use of Colorimetric Test Strips for Monitoring the Effect of Hemodialysis on Salivary Nitrite and Uric Acid in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Proof of Principle (2008)

The colorimetric test strips monitored changes in salivary NO(2)(-) and UA concentrations that occurred in ESRD patients during dialysis. The test strips may prove useful for noninvasively evaluating dialysis progress and may also be useful for monitoring renal disease status.
Deficiency of Neuronal p38α MAPK Attenuates Amyloid Pathology in Alzheimer Disease Mouse and Cell Models through Facilitating Lysosomal Degradation of BACE1 (2015)

Amyloid β (Aβ) damages neurons and triggers microglial inflammatory activation in the Alzheimer disease (AD) brain. BACE1 is the primary enzyme in Aβ generation. Neuroinflammation potentially up-regulates BACE1 expression and increases Aβ production. In Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein-transgenic mice and SH-SY5Y cell models, we specifically knocked out or knocked down gene expression of mapk14, which encodes p38α MAPK, a kinase sensitive to inflammatory and oxidative stimuli. Using immunological and biochemical methods, we observed that reduction of p38α MAPK expression facilitated the lysosomal degradation of BACE1, decreased BACE1 protein and activity, and subsequently attenuated Aβ generation in the AD mouse brain. Inhibition of p38α MAPK also enhanced autophagy. Blocking autophagy by treating cells with 3-methyladenine or overexpressing dominant-negative ATG5 abolished the deficiency of the p38α MAPK-induced BACE1 protein reduction in cultured cells. Thus, our study demonstrates that p38α MAPK plays a critical role in the regulation of BACE1 degradation and Aβ generation in AD pathogenesis.
Molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma: the current consensus (2011)

Medulloblastoma, a small blue cell malignancy of the cerebellum, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric oncology. Current mechanisms for clinical prognostication and stratification include clinical factors (age, presence of metastases, and extent of resection) as well as histological subgrouping (classic, desmoplastic, and large cell/anaplastic histology). Transcriptional profiling studies of medulloblastoma cohorts from several research groups around the globe have suggested the existence of multiple distinct molecular subgroups that differ in their demographics, transcriptomes, somatic genetic events, and clinical outcomes. Variations in the number, composition, and nature of the subgroups between studies brought about a consensus conference in Boston in the fall of 2010. Discussants at the conference came to a consensus that the evidence supported the existence of four main subgroups of medulloblastoma (Wnt, Shh, Group 3, and Group 4). Participants outlined the demographic, transcriptional, genetic, and clinical differences between the four subgroups. While it is anticipated that the molecular classification of medulloblastoma will continue to evolve and diversify in the future as larger cohorts are studied at greater depth, herein we outline the current consensus nomenclature, and the differences between the medulloblastoma subgroups.
An implicit approach for building communities of web service registries (2011)

In a service oriented B2B context, companies aiming to cooperate and interact with others have to make their services available through private service registries. Since the number of registries can be as large as the number of companies, the resulting registry network has to be organized to assist and improve the service discovery process. In this paper, we propose to use communities as a means to organize Web services registries in such a context. First, we propose a semantic model for Web services registry description (WSRD). A WSRD description is a semantic model depicting the functionalities offered by services advertised by a given registry. Thereafter, we propose an implicit approach for building communities based on the registries WSRD descriptions using a fuzzy clustering technique. Eventually, this clustering will be helpful for selecting an adequate registry for service requesters. Provided experimental evaluations in this paper show that our approach is efficient in realistic situations.
Analysis of triterpene constituents from Ganoderma lucidum (2003)

Aim To develop a method for analysis of triterpene constituents in Ganoderma lucidum by HPLC. Methods Ganosporeric acid A (1), lucidenic acid A (2), ganoderic acid B (3) and ganoderic acid C (4) were used as comparison substances. Chromatographic column was a RP-C 18 ; the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (37∶63); the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min -1 and the detecting wavelength was 254 nm. Results A linear range was obtained from 0.2 μg to 1.0 μg with a good linear correlation. The recovery of (1), (2), (3) and (4) were 100.9%, 101.2%, 101.3% and 101.7%, respectively. Conclusion This method was developed for the analysis of triterpenes by HPLC for the first time. The method is rapid, accurate and suitable for the analysis of the triterpene constituents in fruit bodies, spores, mycelium from Ganoderma lucidum .
Immunohistochemical diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma: an update. (2005)

D2-40 and podoplanin are the 2 most recently recognized markers that have been found to be useful in the diagnosis of epithelioid mesotheliomas. Since D2-40 and podoplanin appear to be highly sensitive and specific for epithelioid mesotheliomas, either may be considered for inclusion in the battery of antibodies currently recommended for distinguishing epithelioid mesotheliomas from metastatic carcinomas. However, it should be kept in mind that their utility has not yet been fully determined in routine diagnostic work.
Optical and electrical properties of isotype crystalline molecular organic heterojunctions (1989)

We have studied the electrical and optical characteristics of isotype p-P organic heterojunctions (HJ) consisting of CuPc (copper phthalocyanine) and PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride). It is found that the charge-transport properties of the heterojunction are limited by thermionic emission of holes over the energy barrier at the CuPc/PTCDA heterojunction at low forward and reverse bias, and by series resistance at high voltage. The heterojunction energy barrier at the CuPc/PTCDA valence-band edge was measured using both current-voltage and capacitance-voltage analysis and was found to be ΔEvC,P=0.48±0.05 eV. Similar measurements made for HJs consisting of CuPc and PTCDA in combination with another perylene-based material, 3, 4, 9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic-bis-benzimidazole (PTCBI), suggest that the band offsets for these three materials follow a transitive relationship. That is, ΔEvC,P=ΔEvC,B−ΔEvB,P, where subscripts C, P, and B refer to CuPc, PTCDA, and PTCBI, respectively. The results are discussed in terms of energy-band and molecular energy-level models.
Successful Pharmacologic Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder Attenuates Amygdala Activation to Negative Facial Expressions (2011)

ISRCTN identifier: ISRCTN44111488.
Adoptive immunotherapy of cancer: accomplishments and prospects. (1984)

Adoptive immunotherapy is an approach to cancer treatment that has not received significant evaluation in cancer patients. Recent developments in modern cellular immunology have expanded the opportunities for utilizing adoptive immunotherapy in humans. A variety of animal models have been developed utilizing the adoptive transfer of immune cells that can mediate the regression of established murine tumors. Analyses of these models are defining the important criteria necessary for the application of this approach to humans. Studies of the immune response of human cells to autologous tumors are identifying cells with antitumor reactivity that may be of value in the treatment of human malignancy. Preliminary clinical studies have been performed demonstrating the feasibility of infusing large numbers of activated lymphoid cells into humans. Adoptive immunotherapy is an approach to the treatment of cancer that deserves further study.
Rapeseed Mutants with Reduced Levels of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Increased Levels of Oleic Acid (1992)

Development of cultivars of both tetraploid ( Brassica napus L.) and diploid ( B. rapa L.) rapeseed with reduced levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and increased levels of oleic acid could increase both the utility and value of the oil. The objective of this experiment was to use chemcical mutagenesis to induce mutations for these traits in rapeseed. Imbibed seed of ‘R‐500’ ( B. rapa ) and ‘Cascade’ ( B. napus ) were treated with 5% v/v of ethyl methanesulfonate. The M 2 generations of these populations were screened to identify mutants with low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) using a modified thiobarbituric acid procedure. Putative mutants and their derived progeny were increased in the greenhouse and the seed analyzed for fatty acid composition using gas chromatography. The most promising mutant identified from 4 734 M 2 seeds of B. rapa , was M‐30, which had 2.1% linoleic acid and 3.0% linolenic acid, vs. 11.9% linoleic and 8.6% linolenic acid in the original cultivar. This mutant was crossed with ‘Tobin’ to derive F 4 lines having &lt;6% total PUFA and oleic acid concentrations &gt;87%. The most promising mutant identified from 39 504 M 2 seeds of B. napus was X‐82, which had 6.6% PUFA, vs. 27.4% PUFA in Cascade. Several M 3 and M 4 lines derived from X‐82 had &lt;6% total PUFA and &gt;88% oleic acid. The development of commercial cultivars with reduced levels of polunsaturated fatty acid in both B. rapa and B. napus could develop new markets for both industrial rapeseed and edible canola oil.
The FabR (YijC) Transcription Factor Regulates Unsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (2002)

Unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis is a vital facet of Escherichia coli physiology and requires the expression of two genes, fabA and fabB, in the type II fatty acid synthase system. This study links the FabR (YijC) transcription factor to the regulation of unsaturated fatty acid content through the regulation of fabB gene expression. The yijC (fabR) gene was deleted by replacement with a selectable cassette, and the resulting strains (fabR::kan) possessed significantly elevated levels of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly cis-vaccenate, in their membrane phospholipids. The altered fatty acid composition was observed in the fabR::kan fabF1 double mutant pinpointing fabB as the condensing enzyme responsible for the increased cis-vaccenate production. The fabR::kan strains had 4- to 8-fold higher levels of fabB and a 2- to 3-fold increase in fabA transcripts as judged by Northern blotting, Affymetrix array analysis, and real-time PCR. FabR did not regulate the enzymes of fatty acid beta-oxidation. The elevated level of fabB mRNA was reflected by higher condensing enzyme activity in fabR::kan fabF1 double mutants. Thus, FabR functions as a repressor that potently controls the expression of the fabB gene, which in turn, modulates the physical properties of the membrane by altering the level of unsaturated fatty acid production.
Activation of latent myostatin by the BMP-1/tolloid family of metalloproteinases (2003)

Myostatin is a transforming growth factor beta family member that acts as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Myostatin circulates in the blood of adult mice in a noncovalently held complex with other proteins, including its propeptide, which maintain the C-terminal dimer in a latent, inactive state. This latent form of myostatin can be activated in vitro by treatment with acid; however, the mechanisms by which latent myostatin is activated in vivo are unknown. Here, we show that members of the bone morphogenetic protein-1/tolloid (BMP-1/TLD) family of metalloproteinases can cleave the myostatin propeptide in this complex and can thereby activate latent myostatin. Furthermore, we show that a mutant form of the propeptide resistant to cleavage by BMP-1/TLD proteinases can cause significant increases in muscle mass when injected into adult mice. These findings raise the possibility that members of the BMP-1/TLD family may be involved in activating latent myostatin in vivo and that molecules capable of inhibiting these proteinases may be effective agents for increasing muscle mass for both human therapeutic and agricultural applications.
Human CD39hi regulatory T cells present stronger stability and function under inflammatory conditions (2016)

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by an imbalance between regulatory T cells and effector T-cell subsets, such as Th1 and Th17 cells. Studies have confirmed that natural CD4<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Tregs were unstable and dysfunctional in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the current study, human CD39<sup>hi</sup> Tregs and CD39<sup>low</sup> Tregs were sorted from Tregs in vitro after 7 days of expansion. The functions of both Treg subsets were investigated under inflammatory conditions in vitro and in vivo. In the presence of IL-1β and IL-6, cultured CD4<sup>+</sup>CD39<sup>hi</sup> Tregs maintained stable forkhead box protein 3 expression, whereas CD4<sup>+</sup>CD39<sup>low</sup> Tregs lost Foxp3 expression and trans-differentiated into Th1 or Th17 cells. Decreased IL-1βR and IL-6R expression on the CD39<sup>hi</sup> Tregs was the primary mechanism responsible for Treg stability. In addition, reduced activation of downstream molecules, such as STAT1 and STAT3, through the modulation of CpG demethylation played an important role. Finally, human CD4<sup>+</sup>CD39<sup>hi</sup> Tregs but not CD4<sup>+</sup>CD39<sup>low</sup> Tregs protected against xenograft versus host disease in model mice. These results strongly implied the physiological importance of CD39 expression and suggested that manipulation of CD39<sup>hi</sup> Tregs might represent a novel strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.