gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Survival of Patients Receiving Active Immunotherapy With Canvaxin Therapeutic Polyvalent Vaccine After Complete Resection of Melanoma Metastatic to Regional Lymph Nodes (2002)

This large single-institution study independently confirmed the significance of prognostic covariates in the new AJCC staging system. By using modern statistical methods that controlled for all known prognostic factors, it also demonstrated PV's ability to significantly enhance OS. A multicenter phase III randomized trial is underway to validate the efficacy of PV as a postsurgical adjuvant.
DNA Repair Enzymes (2008)

In vivo DNA damage impacts the genetic stability of an organism; therefore, multiple pathways utilizing a large number of enzymes have evolved to repair DNA damage. This unit focuses on enzymes involved in base excision repair (BER). The BER enzymes possessing N-glycosylase activity can find and remove a wide variety of damaged bases in a sea of normal bases. The combination of unique substrate specificity, accuracy, and robust in vitro activity of many of these enzymes has led to their use in various experimental techniques, including site-specific DNA cleavage. The enzymes described in this unit are active on many substrates including oxidized purines and pyrimidines, alkylated bases, abasic sites, pyrimidine dimers, deaminated cytosines, and deaminated adenines.
Tin Dioxide Microspheres as a Promising Material for Phosphopeptide Enrichment Prior to Liquid Chromatography‐(Tandem) Mass Spectrometry Analysis (2008)

Abstract Functional materials are frequently used to identify and characterize proteins and their modifications in complex biological samples throughout the analytical workflow. Protein phosphorylation is a highly important post‐translational modification that is being examined with the help of diverse materials that exhibit affinity towards the phosphate group of phosphoamino acids. Titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide particles are increasingly used to enrich phosphopeptides from proteolytic digests of protein mixtures, although specificity and recovery still leave room for improvement. Here, we present tin dioxide (SnO 2 , stannia) microspheres as a new type of metal oxide material for phosphopeptide enrichment. The microspheres are produced by a nanocasting process, starting from silica particles as a template, which allows the tuning of material properties such as particle diameter and porosity of the microspheres in a straightforward manner. For the first time, we are able to show that tin dioxide can be used to enrich phosphopeptides from mixtures such as enzymatic digests of proteins, followed by analysis by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). For optimization of the enrichment protocol, we use synthetic phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated peptides, and test different solvent compositions for loading and washing steps to enhance the selectivity of the material without compromising phosphopeptide recovery. Furthermore, the selectivity and phosphopeptide binding properties of tin dioxide are compared to the established metal oxide materials, titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide, using mixtures of model proteins. Even without the use of additional additives such as α ‐hydroxy acids, which have been used to enhance the specificity of TiO 2 ‐based enrichment, we show that a comparably good performance can be achieved for the SnO 2 spheres.
Lassa Fever (1986)

In a study of Lassa fever in Sierra Leone, West Africa, we identified two variables associated with a high risk of death, and we evaluated the efficacy of ribavirin and Lassa virus-convalescent plasma for the treatment of Lassa fever. A serum aspartate aminotransferase level greater than or equal to 150 IU per liter at the time of hospital admission was associated with a case-fatality rate of 55 percent (33 of 60). Patients with the same risk factor who were treated for 10 days with intravenous ribavirin, begun within the first 6 days after the onset of fever, had a case-fatality rate of 5 percent (1 of 20) (P = 0.0002 by Fisher's exact test). Patients whose treatment began seven or more days after the onset of fever had a case-fatality rate of 26 percent (11 of 43) (P = 0.01). Viremia with levels greater than or equal to 10(3.6) TCID50 per milliliter on admission was associated with a case-fatality rate of 76 percent (35 of 46). Patients with this risk factor who were treated with intravenous ribavirin within the first six days after onset of fever had a case-fatality rate of 9 percent (1 of 11) (P = 0.006), whereas those treated after seven days or more of illness had a fatality rate of 47 percent (9 of 19) (P = 0.035). Oral ribavirin was also effective in patients at high risk of death. Lassa-convalescent plasma did not significantly reduce mortality in any of the high-risk groups. We conclude that ribavirin is effective in the treatment of Lassa fever and that it should be used at any point in the illness, as well as for postexposure prophylaxis.
Post-5-fluorouracil human marrow: stem cell characteristics and renewal properties after autologous marrow transplantation (1993)

Abstract The effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pretreatment on human bone marrow (BM) progenitor/stem cells and recovery of hematopoiesis after autologous marrow transplant was studied. Twenty-one patients were treated with 5-FU (15 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg) intravenously (IV) for 1 to 3 days administered 6 to 22 days before BM harvest. Post-FU marrow was infused into 15 patients after high-dose cyclophosphamide, carmustine (BCNU), and VP-16 (CBV). Seventeen patients (historical controls) were treated with CBV and autologous BM transplantation but did not receive 5-FU before marrow harvest. The groups were comparable for diagnosis and prior therapy. In the 5-FU-treated group and control group, median recovery times for platelet count to 50,000/mm3 were 20 and 30 days, respectively (P = .007), and for platelet count to 100,000/mm3, 23 and 38 days, respectively (P = .007), while neutrophil recovery was not significantly altered. In vitro cultures with 1 to 7 growth factors (interleukin-1 [IL-1], IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, colony-stimulating factor-1 [CSF-1], granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], and G-CSF) were performed. In 8 of 10 patients whose marrow was studied before and after 5-FU treatment, the numbers of CFU-C responsive to the combination of GM-CSF and IL-3 was increased 6.15-fold by 5-FU pretreatment. In 4 of these patients, thymidine suicide of GM-CSF- and IL-3-stimulated CFU-C ranged from 17% to 42%. High proliferative potential colony-forming cell (HPP-CFC) was observed in low frequency in normal marrow and patient's marrow before 5-FU treatment. In 11 of 16 patients pretreated with 5-FU, increased numbers of HPP-CFC were noted. GM-CSF and IL-3 interacted synergistically to stimulate HPP-CFC. Multifactor combinations, especially GM-CSF + G-CSF + IL-3 + IL-6 + IL- 1 + CSF-1 did not increase total colony count or classic HPP-CFC but did result in altered morphology, producing huge, loose colonies. The marrow from patients pretreated with 5-FU is enriched with multifactor- responsive HPP-CFC, renews in vivo granulopoiesis in a manner comparable with marrow harvests without 5-FU pretreatment, and provides accelerated in vivo platelet recovery. This marrow may be an appropriate target marrow for gene insertion in gene-therapy protocols.
Low-temperature synthesis of nanoscale silica multilayers – atomic layer deposition in a test tube (2010)

Herein we demonstrate a simplified, ‘poor-man's’ form of the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) technique to grow uniform silica multilayers onto hydrophilic surfaces at low temperatures, including room temperature (RT). Tetramethoxysilane vapor is used alternately with ammonia vapor as a catalyst, with very common benchtop lab equipment in an ambient environment. This deposition method could be applied in a wide range of fields for growing nanoscale layers of silica from an inexpensive vapor source, without the sophisticated vacuum systems or high temperatures that are generally required for ALD. Conditions for uniform deposition are demonstrated for 20-nm-thick silica shells grown around polymer spheres at RT, and in the interstitial space of a colloidal crystal film. This approach is shown to provide a controlled means of sintering the silica spheres and thereby is an easy way to modify the photonic and mechanical properties of the resulting material. We believe this method has an advantage compared to other more sophisticated methods of ALD and provides a simple technique for broad applications in MEMs, nanoporous structures, sintering of components, cell encapsulation, and organic/inorganic layered composites.
Document classification using multiword features (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Document classification using multiword features Authors: Ron Papka Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MAView Profile , James Allan Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims CIKM '98: Proceedings of the seventh international conference on Information and knowledge managementNovember 1998 Pages 124–131https://doi.org/10.1145/288627.288648Online:01 November 1998Publication History 16citation408DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations16Total Downloads408Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
IMMUNOHEMOPOIETIC EFFECTS OF DIETARY NUCLEOTIDE RESTRICTION IN MICE 1, 2 (1992)

The influence of dietary sources of nucleotides on host in vivo and in vitro immuno-hematologic responses in BALB/c (NCI) mice was studied. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) were measured in popliteal lymph nodes undergoing proliferative response to syngeneic and allogeneic in vivo stimulation. Supplementation of a nucleotide-free (NF) diet with yeast RNA (NFR) or uracil (NFU) significantly enhanced the host PLN immune response as compared with NF and NF supplemented with adenine (NFA) diets. Levels of ADA and PNP enzymes in the PLNs increased with the alloimmune PLN response of host, and immunosuppression was associated with decreased ADA and PNP activities in lymphocytes following antigenic stimulation. The induction of these enzymes during immune response appears to require dietary sources of certain nucleotides. When bone marrow cells from control chow fed animals were cultured with supernatants (sups) from mitogen activated splenocytes of animals on each dietary group, NF sups significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) the BM proliferative response compared with the response observed with NFR sups, and similar to NFA or NFU sups. When stimulated with purified IL-3, NFR BM cells had higher levels of Thy1.2 or Lyt 1 surface markers as compared with other test groups. In the in vivo splenic colony formation-CFUs assay, spleens from NFR- and NFU-fed animals had a significantly higher number of colonies than spleens from NF- or NFA-fed mice. Thus, NF diet decreases both in vivo lymphoproliferation response to alloantigen and hemopoietic growth factor production, rendering the host splenic environment deficient for stem cell growth. These adverse effects are reversed by RNA supplementation of NF diet. These nutritional studies demonstrate a critical and regulatory role for dietary nucleotides in immunohemopoiesis.
Optimized speckle variance OCT imaging of microvasculature (2010)

We optimize speckle variance optical coherence tomography (svOCT) imaging of microvasculature in high and low bulk tissue motion scenarios. To achieve a significant level of image contrast, frame rates must be optimized such that tissue displacement between frames is less than the beam radius. We demonstrate that higher accuracy estimates of speckle variance can enhance the detection of capillaries. These findings are illustrated in vivo by imaging the dorsal window chamber model (low bulk motion). We also show svOCT imaging of the nonstabilized finger (high bulk motion), using optimized imaging parameters, demonstrating better vessel detection than Doppler OCT.
Pulmonary vein stenosis following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (2005)

Pulmonary vein stenosis following catheter ablation is a new clinical entity that has been described in various reports recently. There is much uncertainty with respect to causative factors, incidence, diagnosis, and treatment, and long-term sequelae are unclear.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis via Vinyl Sulfones. Part 27. Total Synthesis of dl‐Cephalotaxine. The First Example of an Intramolecular 4 + 2 Cycloaddition Where the Dinophile Has Been Delivered from the Face Opposite to the Tethering Moiety. (1988)

Abstract Reaction of the aryllithium reagent derived from (I) with the vinyl sulfone (II) produces an α‐sulfonyl anion which is further functionalized by addition of the allyl bromide (III) to give ‐ after sulfone elimination and hydrolysis ‐ the ester (IV).
Oct-4 expression in inner cell mass and trophectoderm of human blastocysts (2000)

The expression of the transcription factor Oct-4 is thought to be one of the decisive factors that maintain totipotency in embryonic and germ cells. In mice, oct-4 is exclusively expressed in germ cells and totipotent cells of the embryo. In humans, Oct-4 is expressed in germ cells, embryonic stem cells and whole embryos at various stages of development. However, there is limited information about the distribution of Oct-4 expression in human embryos. In an attempt to address this issue, the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) of 17 human blastocysts were separated and Oct-4 mRNA expression individually assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In discarded blastocysts that developed from two pronuclear zygotes, the mean Oct-4 expression was 31 times higher in totipotent ICM cells than in differentiated TE cells. This finding suggests that, in accordance with data from the mouse, Oct-4 is highly expressed in human ICM cells as opposed to TE cells; this in turn supports the hypothesis that Oct-4 plays a similar role to maintain totipotency in these two species.
Complete cDNA and protein sequence of a pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile-induced cytochrome P-450. A representative of a new gene family. (1985)

A full-length cDNA complementary to rat liver mRNA coding for pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile-induced cytochrome P-450 (P-450PCN) was isolated and completely sequenced. P-450PCN mRNA is 2038 nucleotides in length and has a continuous reading frame (82-1596) that encodes a protein of 504 amino acids (Mr = 57,917). The amino-terminal sequence of 18 residues of the purified P-450PCN protein agrees with the open reading frame of the cDNA sequence. The P-450PCN mRNA nucleotide and amino acid sequences clearly establish that this cytochrome is a member of a separate P-450 family different from the phenobarbital-induced (e.g. P-450e) and 3-methyl-cholanthrene-induced (e.g. P-450c) P-450 gene families. P-450PCN shares 38 and 37% nucleotide similarity and 33 and 33% amino acid similarity with P-450e and P-450c, respectively. P-450PCN, P-450e, and P-450c exhibit greater homology in the C-terminal half than in the N-terminal half of the proteins. Included in this region is the cysteinyl fragment (surrounding residue 443 in P-450PCN), which appears to be the most conserved among all fragments of other P-450 proteins. Of interest, the N-terminal region of P-450PCN does not contain the cysteine residue previously thought to contribute the thiolate ligand to the heme iron in P-450 proteins; these data establish more firmly the cysteine residue located in the carboxylterminal region as serving this function. These sequence studies further support the conclusion derived from chromosomal localization studies and Southern blot analyses that P-450PCN represents a member of a distinct third family of P-450 genes, which diverged from a common ancestor more than 200 million years ago.
The immunogenicity of humanized and fully human antibodies (2010)

Monoclonal antibodies represent an attractive therapeutic tool as they are highly specific for their targets, convey effector functions and enjoy robust manufacturing procedures. Humanization of murine monoclonal antibodies has vastly improved their in vivo tolerability. Humanization, the replacement of mouse constant regions and V framework regions for human sequences, results in a significantly less immunogenic product. However, some humanized and even fully human sequence-derived antibody molecules still carry immunological risk. To more fully understand the immunologic potential of humanized and human antibodies, we analyzed CD4(+) helper T cell epitopes in a set of eight humanized antibodies. The antibodies studied represented a number of different VH and VL family members carrying unique CDR regions. In spite of these differences, CD4(+) T cell epitopes were found only in CDR-sequence containing regions. We were able to incorporate up to two amino acid modifications in a single epitope that reduced the immunogenic potential while retaining full biologic function. We propose that immunogenicity will always be present in some antibody molecules due to the nature of the antigen-specific combining sites. A consequence of this result is modifications to reduce immunogenicity will be centered on the affinity-determining regions. Modifications to CDR regions can be designed that reduce the immunogenic potential while maintaining the bioactivity of the antibody molecule.
A Neutron Activation Analysis Study of the Sources of Transition Group Metal Contamination in the Silicon Device Manufacturing Process (1981)

A survey is given of the sources, species, and quantities of transition group metals residing on starting silicon substrates and introduced during the device manufacturing process. The survey begins with the polysilicon feed for silicon ingot fabrication and extends through all customary device fabrication steps, such as wafering, polishing, oxidations, epitaxy, ion implantation, etc. High temperature furnace operations in the absence of , such as steam oxidations, are presently the major source of contamination if all other steps of the fabrication process are under full control. However, contaminated polishing slurries, contaminated handling tools or carriers, impure boats or susceptors, or choice of unsuitable materials for beam catcher plates, etc. in ion implantation, can also lead to trouble. Several options are available to avoid the contamination introduced during high temperature treatments, and these are reviewed.
Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Cell Death: Critical Role of Ultraviolet Dose in Inflammation and Lupus Autoantigen Redistribution (2003)

The nuclear self-Ags targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus translocate to the cell membrane of UV-irradiated apoptotic keratinocytes and may represent an important source of self-immunization. It is hard to understand how the noninflammatory milieu accompanying most apoptosis might provoke an immunogenic response leading to autoantibodies. We have found that the precise amount of keratinocyte UV exposure is crucial in determining the rate of apoptosis, the amount of inflammatory cytokine production, and the degree of autoantigen translocation. Low doses of UVB (</=15 mJ/cm(2)) promptly induced a normal, caspase-dependent apoptosis, while intermediate doses of UV-B (35 mJ/cm(2)) caused apoptosis with altered morphology, slower DNA fragmentation, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase degradation accompanied by increased Bcl-2. High doses of UVB (80 mJ/cm(2)) induced instead necrosis. We observed IL-1 production upon intermediate and high UVB doses. Nuclear Ag redistribution was also markedly UV dose dependent: at low doses, Sm, Ku, and DNA translocated to the surfaces of early apoptotic cells. At intermediate doses, these Ags concentrated on the cell membrane when the nucleus was still visible. At high doses, these autoantigens diffused into the cytoplasm and were released into the supernatant. Taken together, the results show that low-dose UVB induces prompt noninflammatory apoptosis. In contrast, intermediate and high doses of UVB induce proinflammatory apoptosis and necrosis, where the production of inflammatory cytokines is accompanied by exposure and release of autoantigens. The key importance of the UV dose on the fate of apoptotic keratinocytes and on their potential immunogenicity should help clarify the role of UVB in inducing systemic lupus erythematosus autoimmunity.
Inhibition of cardiac lipoprotein utilization by transgenic overexpression of Angptl4 in the heart (2005)

To investigate the role of Angptl4, an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase that is induced by >3-fold in the heart after rosiglitazone treatment, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress Angptl4 in the heart (MHC-Angptl4). We show that MHC-Angptl4 mice exhibit cardiac-restricted expression of the transgene and inhibition of cardiac lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. However, LPL activities in other tissues or that released into plasma by heparin are not affected. In addition, MHC-Angptl4 mice also exhibit hypertriglyceridemia after 6 h of fasting. We use echocardiography to show that MHC-Angptl4 mice develop left-ventricular dysfunction. Comparison of the metabolic profiles of isolated working hearts demonstrates that cardiac impairment in MHC-Angptl4 mice is positively associated with decreased triglyceride (TG) utilization. When bred to transgenic mice that overexpress acyl-CoA synthetase in the heart, a strain that exhibits elevated cardiac TG accumulation, cardiac TG content in double transgenic mice is reversed to that of wild-type mice. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that induction of Angptl4 in the heart inhibits lipoprotein-derived fatty acid delivery. This mouse model will be useful to elucidate the role of reduced fatty acid supply in the pathogenesis of heart failure and related disorders.
Telomerase and cancer. (1996)

The data reviewed here suggest that telomere dynamics and telomerase expression are fundamentally involved in cellular aging and cancer. Of particular importance is the stabilization of telomeres by activation of telomerase and the association of this process with cell immortality and human malignancies. Thus, we believe that cell immortalization is required for long-term growth of the vast majority of malignant or metastatic tumors and that advances in telomere biology and telomerase inhibition will improve the way cancers are diagnosed and treated. We look forward to the clinical evaluation of these bold predictions.