gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoporous Silicon Oxide Memory (2014)

Oxide-based two-terminal resistive random access memory (RRAM) is considered one of the most promising candidates for next-generation nonvolatile memory. We introduce here a new RRAM memory structure employing a nanoporous (NP) silicon oxide (SiOx) material which enables unipolar switching through its internal vertical nanogap. Through the control of the stochastic filament formation at low voltage, the NP SiOx memory exhibited an extremely low electroforming voltage (∼ 1.6 V) and outstanding performance metrics. These include multibit storage ability (up to 9-bits), a high ON-OFF ratio (up to 10(7) A), a long high-temperature lifetime (≥ 10(4) s at 100 °C), excellent cycling endurance (≥ 10(5)), sub-50 ns switching speeds, and low power consumption (∼ 6 × 10(-5) W/bit). Also provided is the room temperature processability for versatile fabrication without any compliance current being needed during electroforming or switching operations. Taken together, these metrics in NP SiOx RRAM provide a route toward easily accessed nonvolatile memory applications.
Clostridium difficileInfections in a Canadian Tertiary Care Hospital before and during a Regional Epidemic Associated with the BI/NAP1/027 Strain (2008)

Since 2002, an epidemic of Clostridium difficile infections has occurred in southern Quebec, Canada. At Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the incidence of C. difficile infections increased from 11/1,000 admissions (1999 to 2002) to 27/1,000 admissions (2003 to 2005). We compared the exposures and outcomes for patients infected with strains with different ribopatterns isolated before (n = 55) and during (n = 175) the epidemic, as well as the in vitro activities of antibiotics against those isolates. During the preepidemic period, 46 isolates (84%) were of ribotype 001, 1 was of ribotype 027, and 8 were of other ribopattern types. During the epidemic period, ribotype 027 strains accounted for 140 (80%) isolates; 26 (15%) were of ribotype 001, and 7 were of other ribopattern types. Ribotype 027 strains were highly resistant to fluoroquinolones (FQs) but were susceptible to clindamycin. A pattern of prior specific antibiotic exposure that selected for antibiotic-resistant ribotype C. difficile infections was observed for FQs (ribotype 027) and clindamycin (ribotype 001). The rate of mortality was higher among older patients, those with a high Charlson comorbidity index, and those with longer previous hospitalizations. By multivariate analysis, patients infected with ribotype 027 were twice as likely to die within 30 days of diagnosis than patients infected with other ribotypes (adjusted odds ratio, 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 4.22). The observations from this study support the notion that continued selective antibiotic pressure resulted in the superimposition of the hypertoxigenic ribotype 027 clone on top of the prior dominant ribotype 001 clone in a setting of preexisting high endemicity, thus leading to the high rates of morbidity and mortality seen in the Quebec outbreak. Stringent antibiotic stewardship measures, combined with aggressive infection control, are required to curtail the epidemic of C. difficile infections.
Different phenotypic variants of the mouse B cell tumor A20/2J are selected by antigen- and mitogen-triggered cytotoxicity of L3T4-positive, I-A-restricted T cell clones. (1986)

The L3T4+, Lyt-2-, cloned BALB/c T cell lines 5.9.24 and 5.8.6 are cytotoxic for the BALB/c B cell tumor line A20/2J. The T cell cytotoxicity against A20/2J cells could be triggered either by the specific antigen ovalbumin (OVA), which is recognized by the T cell clones in association with I-Ad determinants, or by the T cell mitogens Con A and rabbit anti-mouse brain (RaMBr) antiserum. Repeated exposure of A20/2J cells to 5.9.24 and 5.8.6 T cell cytotoxicity selected variant cell lines that had developed resistance to cytotoxicity. The variant lines could be classified into four different variant phenotypes of which three were stably maintained in vitro. The type of variant obtained appeared to be related to the nature of the ligand used to trigger T cell cytotoxicity during selection. Cytotoxicity triggered by the antigen OVA generated type 1 variants that expressed abnormally low levels of I-Ad determinants at the cell surface. Type 1 variants were resistant to OVA-triggered 5.9.24 T cell cytotoxicity, but were fully susceptible to cytotoxicity triggered by Con A or RaMBr antiserum. RaMBr-triggered cytotoxicity generated two unique types of variant cell lines: type 3 variants that were deficient in cell surface Fc receptors and resistant to 5.9.24 cytotoxicity only when triggered by RaMBr antiserum, and type 4 variants that were resistant to cytotoxicity triggered by all three ligands. One type 4 variant, the IC-1 cell line, appeared to be resistant to soluble cytotoxic factors released by 5.9.24 T cells after activation by antigen. All of these variant lines retained sensitivity to cytotoxicity by classic Lyt-2+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), a finding that indicates that L3T4a+ T cells and Lyt-2+ CTL use different molecules to attack their target cells. The variant phenotypes were inherited by clones derived from the original cell lines. Because the variants were generated without mutagenesis, they are thought to have been derived by the immunoselection of pre-existing variant cells that arose spontaneously in the parental A20/2J cell line. It is postulated that inheritable variation of A20/2J cells may represent changes that normally occur during B cell differentiation in response to T cell signals. The variant A20/2J cell lines described here provide material for the investigation of B cell surface structures that may regulate T-B cell interactions.
High-temperature, short-time sulfation of calcium-based sorbents. 1. Theoretical sulfation model (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-temperature, short-time sulfation of calcium-based sorbents. 1. Theoretical sulfation modelCorey R. Milne, Geoffrey D. Silcox, David W. Pershing, and David A. KirchgessnerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 11, 2192–2201Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00107a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00107a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peroxisome proliferator-induced acyl-CoA thioesterase from rat liver cytosol: molecular cloning and functional expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells (1997)

We have isolated and cloned a cDNA that codes for one of the peroxisome proliferator-induced acyl-CoA thioesterases of rat liver. The deduced amino acid sequence corresponds to the major induced isoform in cytosol. Analysis and comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with the established consensus sequences suggested that this enzyme represents a novel kind of esterase with an incomplete lipase serine active site motif. Analyses of mRNA and its expression indicated that the enzyme is significantly expressed in liver only after peroxisome proliferator treatment, but isoenzymes are constitutively expressed at high levels in testis and brain. The reported cDNA sequence is highly homologous to the recently cloned brain acyl-CoA thioesterase [Broustas, Larkins, Uhler and Hajra (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 10470-10476], but subtle differences throughout the sequence, and distinct differences close to the resulting C-termini, suggest that they are different enzymes, regulated in different manners. A full-length cDNA clone was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and the expressed enzyme was characterized. The palmitoyl-CoA hydrolysing activity (Vmax) was induced approx. 9-fold to 1 micromol/min per mg of cell protein, which was estimated to correspond to a specific activity of 250 micromol/min per mg of cDNA-expressed enzyme. Both the specific activity and the acyl-CoA chain length specificity were very similar to those of the purified rat liver enzyme.
SuggestBot (2007)

Member-maintained communities ask their users to perform tasks the community needs. From Slashdot, to IMDb, to Wikipedia, groups with diverse interests create community-maintained artifacts of lasting value (CALV) that support the group's main purpose and provide value to others. Said communities don't help members find work to do, or do so without regard to individual preferences, such as Slashdot assigning meta-moderation randomly. Yet social science theory suggests that reducing the cost and increasing the personal value of contribution would motivate members to participate more.We present SuggestBot, software that performs intelligent task routing (matching people with tasks) in Wikipedia. SuggestBot uses broadly applicable strategies of text analysis, collaborative filtering, and hyperlink following to recommend tasks. SuggestBot's intelligent task routing increases the number of edits by roughly four times compared to suggesting random articles. Our contributions are: 1) demonstrating the value of intelligent task routing in a real deployment; 2) showing how to do intelligent task routing; and 3) sharing our experience of deploying a tool in Wikipedia, which offered both challenges and opportunities for research.
Optical coherence tomography: a new method to assess aneurysm healing (2005)

Optical coherence tomography may obviate the need for subsequent follow-up angiography studies as well as aid in the understanding of endovascular tissue healing. Data in this study demonstrate that further investigation of in vivo imaging with such probes is warranted.
Direct Femtosecond Observation of Charge Carrier Recombination in Ternary Semiconductor Nanocrystals: The Effect of Composition and Shelling (2015)

Heavy-metal free ternary semiconductor nanocrystals are emerging as key materials in photoactive applications. However, the relative abundance of intra-bandgap defect states and lack of understanding of their origins within this class of nanocrystals are major factors limiting their applicability. To remove these undesirable defect states which considerably shorten the lifetimes of photogenerated excited carriers, a detailed understanding about their origin and nature is required. In this report, we monitor the ultrafast charge carrier dynamics of CuInS2 (CIS), CuInSSe (CISSe), and CuInSe2 (CISe) nanocrystals, before and after ZnS shelling, using state-of-the-art time-resolved laser spectroscopy with broadband capabilities. The experimental results demonstrate the presence of both electron and hole trapping intra-bandgap states in the nanocrystals which can be removed significantly by ZnS shelling, and the carrier dynamics is slowed down. Another important observation remains the reduction of carrier lifetime in the presence of Se, and the shelling strategy is observed to be less effective at suppressing trap states. This study provides quantitative physical insights into the role of anion composition and shelling on the charge carrier dynamics in ternary CIS, CISSe, and CISe nanocrystals which are essential to improve their applicability for photovoltaics and optoelectronics.
Actin expression in smooth muscle cells of rat aortic intimal thickening, human atheromatous plaque, and cultured rat aortic media. (1984)

Actin of smooth muscle cells of rat and human aortic media shows a predominance of the alpha-isoform. In experimental rat aortic intimal thickening, in human atheromatous plaque, and in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells, there is a typical switch in actin expression with a predominance of the beta-form and a noticeable amount of gamma-form. This pattern of actin expression represents a new reliable protein-chemical marker of experimental and human atheromatous smooth muscle cells.
Late presentation of Nipah virus encephalitis and kinetics of the humoral immune response (2001)

Nipah virus is a newly discovered paramyxovirus transmitted directly from pigs to humans. During a large encephalitis outbreak in Malaysia and Singapore in 1998–9, most patients presented acutely. A 12 year old child is described who developed encephalitis 4 months after exposure to the virus. She was diagnosed by a new indirect IgG enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which is also described. The late presentation and IgG subclass responses had similarities to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Nipah virus should be considered in patients with encephalitis even months after their possible exposure.
Transgenic mammals and biotechnology (1989)

Biotechnology has begun to realize the enormous potential of transgenic technology: mice with human genes that produce human proteins of therapeutic value in their milk, pigs that express bovine genes that help them gain weight and lose backfat, animals with engineered gene defects that mimic human genetic diseases.
Phase I study of Taxol, doxorubicin, plus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in patients with metastatic breast cancer. (1993)

The objective of this phase I trial was to determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of Taxol and doxorubicin administered as a simultaneous intravenous infusion over 72 hours every 21 days. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) 10 micrograms/kg, was administered on days 4-18 of each cycle. The treated population consisted of metastatic breast cancer patients previously untreated with chemotherapy for metastatic disease, who had not received doxorubicin in the adjuvant setting and who had bidimensionally measurable disease. The MTD was determined to be 75 mg/m2 of doxorubicin and 160 mg/m2 of Taxol. The dose-limiting toxicity of the combination was clinical typhlitis in three of three patients. Other significant toxicities included grade 3 diarrhea at the higher dose levels and grade 4 neutropenia in all patients. Eighteen patients were treated on this initial phase I study. The overall response rate was 62%, with 6% complete responses and 56% partial responses. The combination of doxorubicin and Taxol by 72-hour continuous infusion with G-CSF is an active regimen in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Differential expression of iron-, carbon-, and oxygen-responsive mycobacterial genes in the lungs of chronically infected mice and tuberculosis patients (2003)

Pathogenetic processes that facilitate the entry, replication, and persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the mammalian host likely include the regulated expression of specific sets of genes at different stages of infection. Identification of genes that are differentially expressed in vivo would provide insights into host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis (TB); this approach might be particularly valuable for the study of human TB, where experimental opportunities are limited. In this study, the levels of selected MTB mRNAs were quantified in vitro in axenic culture, in vivo in the lungs of mice, and in lung specimens obtained from TB patients with active disease. We report the differential expression of MTB mRNAs associated with iron limitation, alternative carbon metabolism, and cellular hypoxia, conditions that are thought to exist within the granulomatous lesions of TB, in the lungs of wild-type C57BL/6 mice as compared with bacteria grown in vitro. Analysis of the same set of mRNAs in lung specimens obtained from TB patients revealed differences in MTB gene expression in humans as compared with mice.
Nucleotide Sequence of the Sporulation Operon, spoIIIE, of Bacillus subtilis (1987)

A fragment of Bacillus subtilis DNA 3490 bp long, capable of complementing spoIIIE mutations, was sequenced. The region of the fragment that encodes functions required for sporulation was delimited using integrational plasmids. Sequencing showed that this region contained an operon with two open reading frames together with associated ribosome-binding sites. The deduced translation products would be polypeptides of 518 and 252 amino acid residues. Several sequences resembling promoters recognized by RNA polymerase containing sigma 29 occur in the region preceding the larger open reading frame. Although no transcription-termination signal was identified downstream of the smaller coding region, analysis with integrational plasmids and determination of the size of spoIIIE messenger RNA suggest that the locus does not contain a third gene.
Relationship between Intraoperative Mean Arterial Pressure and Clinical Outcomes after Noncardiac Surgery (2013)

Even short durations of an intraoperative MAP less than 55 mmHg are associated with AKI and myocardial injury. Randomized trials are required to determine whether outcomes improve with interventions that maintain an intraoperative MAP of at least 55 mmHg.
Random sample consensus (1981)

A new paradigm, Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC), for fitting a model to experimental data is introduced. RANSAC is capable of interpreting/smoothing data containing a significant percentage of gross errors, and is thus ideally suited for applications in automated image analysis where interpretation is based on the data provided by error-prone feature detectors. A major portion of this paper describes the application of RANSAC to the Location Determination Problem (LDP): Given an image depicting a set of landmarks with known locations, determine that point in space from which the image was obtained. In response to a RANSAC requirement, new results are derived on the minimum number of landmarks needed to obtain a solution, and algorithms are presented for computing these minimum-landmark solutions in closed form. These results provide the basis for an automatic system that can solve the LDP under difficult viewing
Ferroelectric hafnium oxide: A CMOS-compatible and highly scalable approach to future ferroelectric memories (2013)

With the ability to engineer ferroelectricity in HfO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> thin films, manufacturable and highly scaled MFM capacitors and MFIS-FETs can be implemented into a CMOS-environment. NVM properties of the resulting devices are discussed and contrasted to existing perovskite based FRAM.
Measurements of vacuum field emission from bio-molecular and semiconductor-metal eutectic composite microstructures (1991)

Designs, calculations, and initial data are presented from a program investigating the use of biomolecular and eutectic composite microstructures as vacuum field-emission cathodes. Calculations, supported by the initial data, indicate that these electron sources should be capable of macroscopic beam current densities, J>or=100 A/cm/sup 2/, without the formation of a surface plasma. The absence of a plasma allows these cathodes to operate as a long-pulse to DC electron sources. The designs avoid the formation of surface plasma by forcing the current emitted from the tips to transit a thin layer of silicon. The natural high-field current-limiting nature of the silicon serves to prevent the ablation of tip structures and the subsequent formation of cathode plasma. Initial data obtained with these microstructures has demonstrated Fowler-Nordheim characteristic emission. Coated bio-molecular composite cathodes have demonstrated stable DC current densities of approximately 100 mA/cm/sup 2/, and the eutectic composite cathodes have demonstrated similarly stable DC current densities of approximately 1 A/cm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pathogenesis of Pneumococcal Infection (1995)

The study of Streptococcus pneumoniae has led to many insights into the pathogenesis of bacterial infections. The importance of the polysaccharide capsule of the organism in determining its virulence was indicated by studies of the protective role of anticapsular antibodies.13 Of comparable importance was the observation that noncapsulated pneumococci caused progressive disease in rabbits with agranulocytosis, demonstrating thereby the pathogenic properties of the pneumococcal soma.4 Investigation of the pathologic events in pneumococcal infection led to the discovery of DNA,2,3 the development of the first bacterial polysaccharide vaccine,5 and insights into the mechanism of action of penicillin,6 antibiotic tolerance, . . .
Variants in the ?2A AR adrenergic receptor gene in psychiatric patients (1998)

In various studies of psychiatric patients, alterations in adrenergic receptor (AR) expression or function have been suggested. Herein, the alpha2A AR gene was screened in 206 patients with schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, alcohol dependence, or cocaine dependence. The entire coding region was examined for single base pair changes, using restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (REF), a screening method that can detect virtually 100% of mutations in 2-kb DNA segments. In the approximately 600 kb of screened sequence, six novel nucleotide changes were identified. The changes resulted in four missense changes (A25G, N251K, R368L, and K370N), and a sequence in the 3' untranslated region. In addition, a silent change (G363G) was found at high frequency in Asians and Native Americans. Of the four missense changes, two found in patients with alcohol/drug dependence occur in highly conserved amino acids, suggesting that these are of likely functional significance. As the alpha2A ARs are widely distributed both pre- and postsynaptically, and as many pharmacological agents with multiple effects target these receptors, the novel missense changes described herein may be candidates for involvement in alcohol/drug dependence, in other clinical disorders or traits, or in differential response to pharmacotherapy.
Cyclosporin A in the treatment of chronic dermatitis of the hands (1994)

The efficacy of cyclosporin A (CyA) treatment was studied in seven patients with chronic dermatitis of the hands. CyA was started at a daily dose of 2.5 mg/kg in five patients, and 1.25 mg/kg in two patients. In patients who responded to the treatment at 2.5 mg/kg/day, the daily CyA dose was reduced stepwise, to the lowest maintenance dose of 1.25 mg/kg. In patients who did not respond, the dose was increased, to a maximum of 5 mg/kg/day. The patients were treated for 2-16 weeks. In six of the seven patients the dermatitis responded to CyA treatment within a few weeks. No response was seen with a starting dose of 1.25 mg/kg/day. In three of the five patients with a starting dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day, the daily CyA dose could be reduced to 1.25-2 mg/kg/day. After stopping CyA treatment, the dermatitis recurred during follow-up in three patients, three remained in remission, and one patient was not available for study. Treatment-related side-effects occurred in three patients. CyA treatment had to be stopped in one patient due to headache. The present study suggests that CyA could be a useful treatment for chronic dermatitis of the hands not responding to conventional therapy.