gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitric Oxide and Nitrogen Dioxide as Inducers of Acute Pulmonary Injury when Inhaled at Relatively High Concentrations for Brief Periods (1990)

This investigation was undertaken in order to examine the pulmonary inflammatory response to nitric oxide (NO) relative to that of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) when breathed at high concentrations for short durations. Croups of adult, male Fischer 344 rats were acutely exposed to 500–1500 pprn NO for 5–30 min using exposure protocols that minimized contaminating NO2 concentrations (≤30 ppm) in the exposure system. Other groups of animals were acutely exposed to NO2 delivered over a concentration range of 10–100 pprn for durations of 5–30 min. Rats exposed to filtered air only served as controls for the NO- and NO2-rexposed groups. Twenty-four hours after the exposures, the animals were sacrificed for lung gravimetric and histopathologic analyses. Exposures of the rats to up to 1500 pprn NO for 15 min or 1000 ppm NO for 30 rnin produced no demonstrable increases in lung wet weights (LWW) or right cranial lobe dry weights (RCLDW). Likewise, such exposures did not result in any detectable histopathologic changes in the lungs. No significant increases in LWW or RCLDW were found following up to 30 min exposures to 10 or 25 ppm NO2, or after exposures of the rats to 50 ppm NO2 for 5 or 15 min durations. These lung gravimetric parameters, however, were significantly increased 24 h after 30 rnin exposures to 50 ppm NO2 as well as after the 5–15 min exposures to 100 pprn NO2 Histologic evidence of lung injury was observed following 30 min exposures to 25 ppm NO2 but not at lesser exposure concentrations and times. The severity of lung injury following the higher NO2 exposures was maximally expressed following the 75 min exposure to 700 ppm NO2 The results of these studies indicate that NO, when inhaled at high concentrations for brief durations, does not cause an inflammatory response in the lung.
Evolving a Polymerase for Hydrophobic Base Analogues (2009)

Hydrophobic base analogues (HBAs) have shown great promise for the expansion of the chemical and coding potential of nucleic acids but are generally poor polymerase substrates. While extensive synthetic efforts have yielded examples of HBAs with favorable substrate properties, their discovery has remained challenging. Here we describe a complementary strategy for improving HBA substrate properties by directed evolution of a dedicated polymerase using compartmentalized self-replication (CSR) with the archetypal HBA 5-nitroindole (d5NI) and its derivative 5-nitroindole-3-carboxamide (d5NIC) as selection substrates. Starting from a repertoire of chimeric polymerases generated by molecular breeding of DNA polymerase genes from the genus Thermus, we isolated a polymerase (5D4) with a generically enhanced ability to utilize HBAs. The selected polymerase. 5D4 was able to form and extend d5NI and d5NIC (d5NI(C)) self-pairs as well as d5NI(C) heteropairs with all four bases with efficiencies approaching, or exceeding, those of the cognate Watson-Crick pairs, despite significant distortions caused by the intercalation of the d5NI(C) heterocycles into the opposing strand base stack, as shown by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Unlike Taq polymerase, 5D4 was also able to extend HBA pairs such as Pyrene: varphi (abasic site), d5NI: varphi, and isocarbostyril (ICS): 7-azaindole (7AI), allowed bypass of a chemically diverse spectrum of HBAs, and enabled PCR amplification with primers comprising multiple d5NI(C)-substitutions, while maintaining high levels of catalytic activity and fidelity. The selected polymerase 5D4 promises to expand the range of nucleobase analogues amenable to replication and should find numerous applications, including the synthesis and replication of nucleic acid polymers with expanded chemical and functional diversity.
A framework for object-oriented on-line analytic processing (1998)

Article A framework for object-oriented on-line analytic processing Share on Authors: Jan W. Buzydlowski School of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA School of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PAView Profile , Il-Yeol Song School of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA School of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PAView Profile , Lewis Hassell School of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA School of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims DOLAP '98: Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Data warehousing and OLAPNovember 1998 Pages 10–15https://doi.org/10.1145/294260.294264Online:01 November 1998Publication History 19citation790DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations19Total Downloads790Last 12 Months10Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
The orthopaedic status of severe haemophiliacs in Spain (2000)

This paper provides an outline of the results obtained in a cross-sectional study conducted primarily with the aim of ascertaining orthopaedic complications in a group of young severe A and B haemophiliacs, the effects which these complications have on the medical resources used with these patients, and the impact of severe haemophilia on their quality of life. Its secondary aim was to link their current orthopaedic status to the type of treatment they had received prior to the study. Eleven Spanish hospitals took part in this study, monitoring 70 severe haemophiliacs (FVIII:C <2%) without inhibitors who had a mean age of 21.6 years and a median age of 22. Retrospective data collected from birth to the conclusion of the study were used and, for certain variables, data from the last 12 months. The type of treatment given had been on-demand treatment, together with prophylaxis of variable time periods, which in 32 cases (45.7%) were prolonged (>6 months). In 40 cases (57.1%) the patients underwent one or more periods of prophylaxis. Thirty-three patients (47.8%) had over 1000 days of administration of factors VIII and IX. The analysis of the total study group reveal an average of 348 bleeding episodes per patient. The findings of this study revealed that 84.3% of these patients suffer from articular complaints on the Gilbert scale, and 85.7% on the Pettersson scale. In addition, pain was reported in 16.1% of the joints, the most frequently affected being the ankle joints. Twenty-six patients (37%) had undergone orthopaedic surgery from the time of birth to the conclusion of the study. The quality of life of the severe haemophiliacs reviewed seems to have been affected. During the last 12 months, there were 216 outpatient haematological visits and 176 orthopaedic-rehabilitation visits, as well as 12 radiological explorations and two hospitalizations. During these 12 months, medical expenditure totalled $55 473 per patient per year, the most important item being factor concentrates VIII/IX ($54 119 per patient per year). The type of treatment given to these patients (on-demand and/or as secondary prophylaxis) was found to be incapable of preventing haemophilic arthropathy or guaranteeing an acceptable quality of life, although both the administration of coagulant factor concentrate to such patients and the financial resources dedicated to their treatment was very high. Consequently, a strategic change is to be considered for the prevention of haemophilic arthropathy, based on the introduction of replacement treatment involving continuous administration of factors VIII and IX in primary prophylaxis regimens from the first years of life.
Oxide-defined GaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers on Si substrates (2000)

By employing a reactive low-temperature wafer bonding technique, we have demonstrated oxide-defined 850 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's) on Si substrates. Devices reach a differential quantum efficiency of 53% and a light output power of 7.1 mW under room temperature and continuous-wave operation without a heat sink.
Vascular Events After Spinal Cord Injury: Contribution to Secondary Pathogenesis (2000)

Traumatic spinal cord injury results in the disruption of neural and vascular structures (primary injury) and is characterized by an evolution of secondary pathogenic events that collectively define the extent of functional recovery. This article reviews the vascular responses to spinal cord injury, focusing on both early and delayed events, including intraparenchymal hemorrhage, inflammation, disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier, and angiogenesis. These vascular-related events not only influence the evolution of secondary tissue damage but also define an environment that fosters neural plasticity in the chronically injured spinal cord.
<title>Recent trends in digital halftoning</title> (1997)

Screening is perhaps the oldest form of image processing. The word refers to the mechanical cross line screens that were used at the beginning of this century for the purpose of photomechanical reproduction. Later on, these mechanical screens were replaced by photographic contact screens that enabled significantly improved process control. In the early eighties, the optical screening on graphic arts scanners was replaced by a combination of laser optics and electronic screening. The algorithms, however, were still digital implementations of the original optical methods. The printing needs in the fast growing computer and software industry gave birth to a number of alternative printing technologies such as electrophotographic and inkjet printing. Originally these deices were only designed for printing text, but soon people started experimenting and using them for printing images. The relatively low spatial resolutions of these new devices however made complete review of 'the screening issue' necessary to achieve an acceptable image quality. In this paper a number of recent developments in screening technology are summarized. Special attention is given to the interaction that exists between a halftone screen and the printing devices on which they are rendered including the color mixing behavior. Improved screening techniques are presented that take advantage of modeling the physical behavior of the rendering device.
Phase change nanodot arrays fabricated using a self-assembly diblock copolymer approach (2007)

Self-assembling diblock copolymer, polystyrene-b-poly-4-vinylpyridine (PS-b-P4VP), was used as the template for fabricating phase change nanostructures. The high density GeSb nanodots were formed by etching into an amorphous GeSb thin film using silica hard mask which was patterned on top of polymer. The nanodot arrays are 15nm in diameter with 30nm spacing. This is smaller than most structures obtained by e-beam lithography. Time-resolved x-ray diffraction studies showed that the phase transition occurred at 235°C, which is 5°C lower than blanket GeSb film but higher than that of Ge2Sb2Te5 (150°C). GeSb showed good temperature stability for fabrication of small memory devices.
Tumor Cell Lysate-Pulsed Dendritic Cells Are More Effective Than TCR Id Protein Vaccines for Active Immunotherapy of T Cell Lymphoma (2002)

TCR Id protein conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) (TCR Id:KLH) and injected with a chemical adjuvant (QS-21) induces a protective, Id-specific immune response against the murine T cell lymphoma, C6VL. However, Id-based immunotherapy of C6VL has not demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in tumor-bearing mice. We report here that C6VL lysate-pulsed dendritic cells (C6VL-DC) vaccines display enhanced efficacy in both the prevention and the therapy of T cell lymphoma compared with TCR Id:KLH with QS-21 vaccines. C6VL-DC vaccines stimulated potent tumor-specific immunity that protected mice against lethal challenge with C6VL and significantly enhanced the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Tumor-specific proliferation and secretion of IFN-gamma indicative of a Th1-type immune response were observed upon ex vivo stimulation of vaccine-primed lymph node cells. Adoptive transfer of immune T cell-enriched lymphocytes was sufficient to protect naive recipients from lethal tumor challenge. Furthermore, CD8(+) T cells were absolutely required for tumor protection. Although C6VL-DC and control vaccines stimulated low levels of tumor-specific Ab production in mice, Ab levels did not correlate with the protective ability of the vaccine. Thus, tumor cell lysate-pulsed DC vaccines appear to be an effective approach to generate potent T cell-mediated immune responses against T cell malignancies without requiring identification of tumor-specific Ags or patient-specific Id protein expression.
Aerogels—Airy Materials: Chemistry, Structure, and Properties (1998)

Air, air, air…︁ and some solid skeleton; this is the basis for an interesting class of materials-the aerogels (shown schematically on the right). Can one therefore speak of "simple" chemistry? The design of such a filigrane network requires the very careful control of chemical parameters. The reward is an assortment of different property profiles owing to the richness of possible variations.
CMOS subnanosecond true-ECL output buffer (1990)

An emitter coupled logic (ECL) 100 K compatible output buffer circuit fabricated in a submicrometer CMOS-only process is presented. High speed (0.9-ns delay) and sufficient precision are achieved through the use of a novel circuit principle. Negative feedback and an error correction technique are applied in such a way that external components and/or additional power supplies are not required. Aspects of stability and accuracy are investigated and simulation results are discussed to explain the circuit technique. The actual design and practical aspects of it, such as layout, implementation in silicon, and technology features, are shown. Measured and simulation results, showing the good performance of the ECL output buffer across a wide range of capacitive loading, are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Microplate reader analysis of triatomine saliva effect on erythrocyte aggregation (2007)

Our hypothesis is that the action of aggregating and disaggregating substances in the blood can be detected and quantified by the Microplate Reader. To ascertain the validity of this hypothesis, we selected two types of blood: one that naturally presents erythrocyte aggregation (pig blood) and the other that does not present aggregation (bovine blood). One important reason for the choice of pig blood is that its erythrocyte aggregation resembles that of human blood. T. infestans saliva was added to the pig blood as a disaggregating substance, while bovine fibrinogen was added to the bovine blood as a substance that promotes erythrocyte aggregation. We investigated the dynamic viscosity (h) of these mammals' blood, of T. infestans saliva and of the absorption (A) by Microplate Reader, carrying out UV-Vis spectrophotometric assays of pig plasma with different concentrations of triatominae saliva and of bovine blood with different concentrations of fibrinogen. Our findings indicate that spectroscopic techniques such as the Microplate Reader complement and expand the study of blood rheology, erythrocyte sedimentation and aggregation.
High-performance multiple-wavelength vertical-cavity photonic-integrated-emitter arrays for direct-coupled multimode optical links (1998)

Summary form only given. We demonstrate high performance multiple-wavelength photonic integrated-emitter (PIE) vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays and their optical links with wavelength-selective photodetector arrays for direct-coupled WDM systems.
Endotoxins: Relationships between Structure, Function, and Activity (2004)

Molecules of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides, LPS), forming a unique molecular class with peculiar physico-chemical properties, impart a very important role in the formation and function of the outer membrane (OM). The latter is strictly asymmetric with the LPS monolayer forming the outer leaflet and the phospholipid (PL) monolayer forming the inner leaflet. Thus, the OM builds a functional lipid environment for the OM proteins (Omp's, porins) and the LPS layer is the first locus of interaction of the bacterial cells with components of the host's immune system,. Therefore its physical state and biochemical parameters (such as the fluidity of the lipid A acyl chains and the backbone charge density) essentially influence the defense of bacteria against the attack of the human immune systems such as the complement and antimicrobial peptides/proteins. LPS, released from the bacterial cell, is responsible for a variety of biological effects which can be ascribed to the unique structural features of LPS- the three-dimensional supramolecular structure and the intramolecular conformation - which are essential determinants of the bioactivity of endotoxins. Here, the physico-chemical parameters which are important on the one side for the function of the OM and on the other side for the activity of isolated LPS are reviewed.
Towards effective automatic parallelization for multicore systems (2008)

The ubiquity of multicore processors in commodity computing systems has raised a significant programming challenge for their effective use. An attractive but challenging approach is automatic parallelization of sequential codes. Although virtually all production C compilers have automatic shared-memory parallelization capability, it is rarely used in practice by application developers because of limited effectiveness. In this paper we describe our recent efforts towards developing an effective automatic parallelization system that uses a polyhedral model for data dependences and program transformations.
Visually lossless compression of digitized radiographs based on contrast sensitivity and visual masking (2005)

A visually lossless compression algorithm for digitized radiographs, which predicts the maximum contrast that wavelet subband quantization distortions can exhibit in the reconstructed image such that the distortions are visually undetectable, is presented. Via a psychophysical experiment, contrast thresholds were measured for the detection of 1.15-18.4 cycles/degree wavelet subband quantization distortions in five digitized radiographs; results indicate that digitized radiographs impose image- and frequency-selective effects on detection. A quantization algorithm is presented which predicts the thresholds for individual images based on a model of visual masking. When incorporated into JPEG-2000 and applied to a suite of images, results indicate that digitized radiographs can be compressed in a visually lossless manner at an average compression ratio of 6.25:1, with some images requiring visually lossless ratios as low as 4:1 and as great as 9:1. The proposed algorithm thus yields images that require the minimum bit-rate such that the reconstructed images are visually indistinguishable from the original images. The primary utility of the proposed algorithm is its ability to provide image-adaptive visually lossless compression, thereby avoiding overly conservative or overly aggressive compression.
Production of transgenic rats by lentiviral transduction of male germ-line stem cells (2002)

Primary cultures of rat spermatogenic cells that did not bind to collagen matrices were able to colonize and form mature spermatozoa when transferred to testes of recipient males. Up to 73% of the progeny from matings with recipient males were derived from the transferred spermatogenic cells. Subsequently, two populations of germ cells were obtained by selection on laminin matrices. Both populations expressed the spermatogenic cell marker, DAZL, but not the somatic cell marker, vimentin. The cells that bound to laminin represented approximately 5% of the total population and were greatly enriched in ability to colonize a recipient testis, suggesting an enrichment in germ-line stem cells. The colonization potential was maintained for at least 7 days in culture. These cells were subsequently transduced with a lentiviral enhanced GFP reporter vector and then transferred to WT recipient males. After mating, 26 of 44 pups were derived from the cultured donor germ cells, and 13 pups carried the lentiviral transgene. Based on Southern analysis, the transgene was integrated at a different genetic locus in each animal and was transmitted to approximately 50% of pups in the F(2) generation. Thus, by using these procedures, approximately 30% of pups in the F(1) generation inherited and stably transmitted a lentiviral transgene that integrated at various genomic sites.
Fluorescence and Hybridization Properties of Peptide Nucleic Acid Containing a Substituted Phenylpyrrolocytosine Designed to Engage Guanine with an Additional H-Bond (2008)

A new pyrrolocytosine derivative has been designed to selectively interact with guanine and has been evaluated in peptide nucleic acid where it imparts increased selective binding affinity for complementary oligonucleotides. The modified nucleobase also possesses an exceptionally high fluorescence quantum yield that is responsive to hybridization.
Howard's strength (2007)

The tenth anniversary of John Howard's prime ministership was celebrated and his strength and persistence had a profound effect on changes in Australia. His sense of purpose, a philosophical framework and commitment to changes driven the country towards prosperity.
The Antioxidant, MnTE-2-PyP, Prevents Side-Effects Incurred by Prostate Cancer Irradiation (2012)

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 240,000 new cases reported annually in the United States. Due to early detection and advances in therapies, more than 90% of patients will survive 10 years post diagnosis and treatment. Radiation is a treatment option often used to treat localized disease; however, while radiation is very effective at killing tumor cells, normal tissues are damaged as well. Potential side-effects due to prostate cancer-related radiation therapy include bowel inflammation, erectile dysfunction, urethral stricture, rectal bleeding and incontinence. Currently, radiation therapy for prostate cancer does not include the administration of therapeutic agents to reduce these side effects and protect normal tissues from radiation-induced damage. In the current study, we show that the small molecular weight antioxidant, MnTE-2-PyP, protects normal tissues from radiation-induced damage in the lower abdomen in rats. Specifically, MnTE-2-PyP protected skin, prostate, and testes from radiation-induced damage. MnTE-2-PyP also protected from erectile dysfunction, a persistent problem regardless of the type of radiation techniques used because the penile neurovascular bundles lay in the peripheral zones of the prostate, where most prostate cancers reside. Based on previous studies showing that MnTE-2-PyP, in combination with radiation, further reduces subcutaneous tumor growth, we believe that MnTE-2-PyP represents an excellent radioprotectant in combination radiotherapy for cancer in general and specifically for prostate cancer.
Reduced fertility among female wood workers exposed to formaldehyde (1999)

The study suggests that a woman's occupational exposure to formaldehyde has an adverse effect on fertility.