gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Antibacterial Effects of Tumescent Liposuction Fluid (1999)

Tumescent liposuction is currently one of the most commonly performed aesthetic procedures. Despite the variable use of preoperative antibiotics, infection is uncommon. Prior works suggest that the low incidence of infection may be due to lidocaine's antibacterial properties. However, these properties have only been demonstrated using concentrations of lidocaine above 0.8%, significantly higher than those used in tumescent liposuction. The purpose of this study was to determine if the commonly used tumescent fluid containing 0.1% lidocaine, 1:1000,000 epinephrine, and 0.012 mEq sodium bicarbonate possesses antibacterial activity. Using the broth microdilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus were determined after exposure to either lidocaine, epinephrine, bicarbonate, or the combination of all three agents. To determine if there were significant growth differences not detectable by the broth microdilution method, bacterial concentrations were obtained through the use of a spectrophotometer, and significant differences from the controls were calculated by one-way analysis of variance. To determine if prolonged exposure to the tumescent mix would alter bacterial growth, a Killing Time study was also undertaken. The results indicated that the minimum inhibitory concentration of lidocaine was not less than 0.5% for any of the bacteria, whereas the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of the combined solution was 0.25%. The lowest inhibitory concentration as determined by spectrophotometric analysis for the combined solution was 0.13% (p < 0.01). Analysis of the Killing Time data revealed no inhibition of bacterial growth over time. In conclusion, lidocaine, epinephrine, and bicarbonate do exhibit antibacterial properties at high concentrations. However, the commonly used tumescent mixture containing dilute concentrations of these agents does not significantly inhibit the growth of commonly encountered bacteria.
Structural Fabrication Using Cesium Chloride Island Arrays as a Resist in a Fluorocarbon Reactive Ion Etching Plasma (1999)

Arrays of hemispherical islands of cesium chloride are formed on an oxidized silicon wafer when a deposited thin film of is subsequently exposed to water vapor. High packing densities, P, and a wide, preselectable range of mean diameter, 〈〉, can be obtained. Use of such arrays for nanoscale lithography is demonstrated. Silicon pillars and cones have been fabricated with used as resist in a fluorocarbon reactive ion etching scheme. Cones of tip angle 28° and and were made. The wall angle as a function of etching parameters was determined. arrays were used in a negative resist strategy, by coating the substrate and the hemispheres in aluminum and then lifting off the (with their coating). Wells were made in the exposed on with with a packing density of . Applications to field emission systems are noted. ©2000 The Electrochemical Society
Sentencing Memorandum on Behalf of I. Lewis Libby in US v. Libby, CR. NO. 05-394 (RBW) (2007)

Research Article| October 01 2007 Sentencing Memorandum on Behalf of I. Lewis Libby in US v. Libby, CR. NO. 05-394 (RBW) Theodore V. Wells, Jr., Theodore V. Wells, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar James L. Brochin, James L. Brochin Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar William H. Jeffress, Jr., William H. Jeffress, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Alex J. Bourelly, Alex J. Bourelly Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar John D. Cline John D. Cline Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar United States District Court For the District of Columbia Federal Sentencing Reporter (2007) 20 (1): 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2007.20.1.33 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Theodore V. Wells, James L. Brochin, William H. Jeffress, Alex J. Bourelly, John D. Cline; United States District Court For the District of Columbia, Sentencing Memorandum on Behalf of I. Lewis Libby in US v. Libby, CR. NO. 05-394 (RBW). Federal Sentencing Reporter 1 October 2007; 20 (1): 33–43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2007.20.1.33 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentFederal Sentencing Reporter Search This content is only available via PDF. ©© 2007 BY THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.2007 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Methods, challenges, and promise of next-generation sequencing in cancer biology. (2011)

It is generally accepted that cancers result from the aggregation of somatic mutations. The emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies during the past half-decade has enabled studies of cancer genomes with high sensitivity and resolution through whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing approaches, among others. This saltatory advance introduces the possibility of assembling multiple cancer genomes for analysis in a cost-effective manner. Analytical approaches are now applied to the detection of a number of somatic genome alterations, including nucleotide substitutions, insertions/deletions, copy number variations, and chromosomal rearrangements. This review provides a thorough introduction to the cancer genomics pipeline as well as a case study of these methods put into practice.
DNA cleavage by di- and trihydroxyalkylbenzenes. Characterization of products and the roles of O2, Cu(II), and alkali (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDNA cleavage by di- and trihydroxyalkylbenzenes. Characterization of products and the roles of O2, Cu(II), and alkaliUdai S. Singh, Ralph T. Scannell, Haoyun An, Barbara J. Carter, and Sidney M. HechtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 51, 12691–12699Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00156a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00156a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views595Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Recombinant Measles Viruses with Mutations in the C, V, or F Gene Have Altered Growth Phenotypes In Vivo (1998)

An understanding of the determinants of measles virus (MV) virulence has been hampered by the lack of an experimental model of infection. We have previously demonstrated that virulence phenotypes in human infections are faithfully reproduced by infection of human thymus/liver (thy/liv) implants engrafted into SCID mice, where the virus grows primarily in stromal cells but induces thymocyte apoptosis (P. G. Auwaerter et al., J. Virol. 70:3734-3740, 1996). To begin to elucidate the roles of the C protein, V protein, and the 5' untranslated region of the F gene (F 5'UTR) in MV infection in vivo, the replication of strains bearing mutations of these genes was compared to that of the parent sequence-tagged Edmonston strain (EdTag). Growth curves show that mutants fall into two phenotypic classes. One class of mutants demonstrated kinetics of growth similar to that of EdTag, with decreased peak titers. The second class of mutants manifested peak titers similar to that of EdTag but had different replication kinetics. Abrogation of V expression led to delayed and markedly prolonged replication. Additionally, thymocyte survival was prolonged and implant architecture was preserved throughout the course of infection. In contrast, massive bystander thymocyte death occurred after infection with EdTag and all other mutants. A mutant which overexpressed V in Vero cells (V+) had the opposite phenotype of the A mutant not expressing V (V-). V+ grew more rapidly than EdTag with 100-fold-greater levels of virus production 3 days after infection. These results suggest that C, V, and the F 5'UTR are accessory factors required for efficient virus replication in vivo. In addition, thymocyte survival after V- infection suggests this protein may play multiple roles in pathogenesis of MV infection of thymus. Since these recombinant mutant viruses grew identically to the parent virus in Vero cells, the data show that thy/liv implants are an excellent model for investigating the determinants of MV virulence.
Hybrid-aligned nematic liquid-crystal modulators fabricated on VLSI circuits (1995)

A new method for fabricating analog light modulators on VLSI devices is described. The process is fully compatible with devices fabricated by commercial VLSI foundries, and the assembly of the modulator structures requires a small number of simple processing steps. The modulators are capable of analog amplitude or phase modulation and can operate at video rates and at low voltages (2.2 V). The modulation mechanism and the process yielding the modulator structures are described. Experimental data are presented.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of a Phospholipid Micelle (1989)

The dynamic character of phospholipid aggregates limits conventional structural studies to the determination of average molecular features. In order to develop more detailed descriptions of phospholipid structure for comparison with experiment, the molecular dynamics of a hydrated lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) micelle, incorporating 85 LPE and 1591 water molecules, have been simulated. Comparison of the initial and equilibrated micelles shows substantial differences both in LPE hydrocarbon chain conformation and polar head-group-solvent interactions. Although these changes produce only subtle effects on the averaged structural properties of the system, the alterations in hydrocarbon chain packing and head-group solvation appear to mimic a polymorphic pretransition from a spherical toward a cylindrical micelle structure.
Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m Antral Scan in the Diagnosis of Retained Gastric Antrum (1984)

Retained gastric antrum (RGA) is a major factor in recurrent peptic ulcer. We studied 121 patients with proven anastomotic ulcers following subtotal gastrectomy and Billroth II reconstruction with sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m to determine the presence of RGA. Of the patients, 59 required surgery, 22 had RGA, and 16 had a positive scan for RGA. This noninvasive examination has 100% specificity. If RGA is identified before operation, minimal time is wasted in exploration of the abdomen, which is especially important in dealing with emergency cases. When an antral scan is negative for RGA, the surgeon is still advised to search for this condition.
Human Antibody Production in Transgenic Animals (2014)

Fully human antibodies from transgenic animals account for an increasing number of new therapeutics. After immunization, diverse human monoclonal antibodies of high affinity can be obtained from transgenic rodents, while large animals, such as transchromosomic cattle, have produced respectable amounts of specific human immunoglobulin (Ig) in serum. Several strategies to derive animals expressing human antibody repertoires have been successful. In rodents, gene loci on bacterial artificial chromosomes or yeast artificial chromosomes were integrated by oocyte microinjection or transfection of embryonic stem (ES) cells, while ruminants were derived from manipulated fibroblasts with integrated human chromosome fragments or human artificial chromosomes. In all strains, the endogenous Ig loci have been silenced by gene targeting, either in ES or fibroblast cells, or by zinc finger technology via DNA microinjection; this was essential for optimal production. However, comparisons showed that fully human antibodies were not as efficiently produced as wild-type Ig. This suboptimal performance, with respect to immune response and antibody yield, was attributed to imperfect interaction of the human constant region with endogenous signaling components such as the Igα/β in mouse, rat or cattle. Significant improvements were obtained when the human V-region genes were linked to the endogenous CH-region, either on large constructs or, separately, by site-specific integration, which could also silence the endogenous Ig locus by gene replacement or inversion. In animals with knocked-out endogenous Ig loci and integrated large IgH loci, containing many human Vs, all D and all J segments linked to endogenous C genes, highly diverse human antibody production similar to normal animals was obtained.
Polyubiquitination of Prolactin Receptor Stimulates Its Internalization, Postinternalization Sorting, and Degradation via the Lysosomal Pathway (2008)

The ubiquitination of the receptor that mediates signaling induced by the polypeptide pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) has been shown to lead to the degradation of this receptor and to the ensuing negative regulation of cellular responses to PRL. However, the mechanisms of PRL receptor (PRLr) proteolysis remain largely to be determined. Here we provide evidence that PRLr is internalized and primarily degraded via the lysosomal pathway. Ubiquitination of PRLr is essential for the rapid internalization of PRLr, which proceeds through a pathway dependent on clathrin and the assembly polypeptide 2 (AP2) adaptor complexes. Recruitment of AP2 to PRLr is stimulated by PRLr ubiquitination, which also is required for the targeting of already internalized PRLr to the lysosomal compartment. While mass spectrometry analysis revealed that both monoubiquitination and polyubiquitination (via both K48- and K63-linked chains) occur on PRLr, the results of experiments using forced expression of ubiquitin mutants indicate that PRLr polyubiquitination via K63-linked chains is important for efficient interaction of PRLr with AP2 as well as for efficient internalization, postinternalization sorting, and proteolytic turnover of PRLr. We discuss how specific ubiquitination may regulate early and late stages of endocytosis of PRLr and of related receptors to contribute to the negative regulation of the magnitude and duration of downstream signaling.
The ICD-10 Criteria for Vascular Dementia (1994)

The World Health Organization recently introduced the new ICD-10. Chapter V ('Mental and behavioural disorders including disorders of psychological development') contains operationalized diagnostic guidelines for the classification of psychiatric disorders, i.e. the term vascular dementia is clearly defined. Furthermore, the criteria of the ICD-10 allow a differentiation of vascular dementia into subtypes (vascular dementia of acute onset, multi-infarct dementia, subcortical vascular dementia, and mixed or unspecified types). The clinical feasibility of the ICD-10 criteria for subtypes of vascular dementia is proven in an investigation of 72 demented patients (75.0 +/- 8.3 years) showing vascular lesions of the computed tomography scan. Only 18 cases (25.0%) fulfill the ICD-10 criteria for vascular dementia. 61.1% of the cases could be sufficiently classified into subtypes. These results suggest that the ICD-10 criteria for vascular dementia are rather selective.
Reduction of chemokine levels and leukocyte traffic to joints by tumor necrosis factor α blockade in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2000)

TNFalpha blockade reduces synovial expression of the chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1 and diminishes inflammatory cell migration into RA joints.
Resistance Mechanisms to Methotrexate in Tumors (1996)

The mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance to methotrexate (MTX) in human tumors are reviewed herein. In blasts from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, resistance mechanisms found are decreased uptake and increased dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity. A major cause of intrinsic resistance to MTX in soft tissue sarcoma cells and in acute myelocytic leukemia appears to be a lack of drug retention, due mainly to low levels of polyglutamylation. A novel association between lack of the retinoblastoma protein and intrinsic MTX resistance has been found. This has been attributed to an increase in DHFR activity, due to an increased rate of transcription of this gene, stimulated by an increase in levels of free E2F, not sequestered by hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma protein.
Structure of a Glycerol-Conducting Channel and the Basis for Its Selectivity (2000)

Membrane channel proteins of the aquaporin family are highly selective for permeation of specific small molecules, with absolute exclusion of ions and charged solutes and without dissipation of the electrochemical potential across the cell membrane. We report the crystal structure of the Escherichia coli glycerol facilitator (GlpF) with its primary permeant substrate glycerol at 2.2 angstrom resolution. Glycerol molecules line up in an amphipathic channel in single file. In the narrow selectivity filter of the channel the glycerol alkyl backbone is wedged against a hydrophobic corner, and successive hydroxyl groups form hydrogen bonds with a pair of acceptor, and donor atoms. Two conserved aspartic acid-proline-alanine motifs form a key interface between two gene-duplicated segments that each encode three-and-one-half membrane-spanning helices around the channel. This structure elucidates the mechanism of selective permeability for linear carbohydrates and suggests how ions and water are excluded.
Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Moderately Predicts Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Adults (2009)

Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) has shown promise as a biomarker for the early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) in fixed models of injury, but its ability to predict AKI and provide prognostic information in critically ill adults is unknown. We prospectively studied a heterogeneous population of 451 critically ill adults, 64 (14%) and 86 (19%) of whom developed AKI within 24 and 48 h of enrollment, respectively. Median uNGAL at enrollment was higher among patients who developed AKI within 48 h compared with those who did not (190 versus 57 ng/mg creatinine, P < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves describing the relationship between uNGAL level and the occurrence of AKI within 24 and 48 h were 0.71 (95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 0.63 to 0.78) and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.71), respectively. Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin remained independently associated with the development of AKI after adjustment for age, serum creatinine closest to enrollment, illness severity, sepsis, and intensive care unit (ICU) location, although it only marginally improved the predictive performance of the clinical model alone. A Cox proportional hazards model using time to first dialysis, adjusted for APACHE II score, suggested that uNGAL independently predicts severe AKI during hospitalization [HR 2.60, 95% CI:1.55 to 4.35]. In summary, although a single measurement of uNGAL exhibited moderate predictive utility for the development and severity of AKI in a heterogeneous ICU population, its additional contribution to conventional clinical risk predictors appears limited.
Annotating Object Instances with a Polygon-RNN (2017)

We propose an approach for semi-automatic annotation of object instances. While most current methods treat object segmentation as a pixel-labeling problem, we here cast it as a polygon prediction task, mimicking how most current datasets have been annotated. In particular, our approach takes as input an image crop and sequentially produces vertices of the polygon outlining the object. This allows a human annotator to interfere at any time and correct a vertex if needed, producing as accurate segmentation as desired by the annotator. We show that our approach speeds up the annotation process by a factor of 4.7 across all classes in Cityscapes, while achieving 78:4% agreement in IoU with original ground-truth, matching the typical agreement between human annotators. For cars, our speed-up factor is 7.3 for an agreement of 82:2%. We further show generalization capabilities of our approach to unseen datasets.
Determination of electron energy distribution functions in surface wave produced plasmas. II. Measurements (1991)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.24, p.1585-93 (1991). Electron energy distribution functions of surface wave produced argon plasmas are measured via second derivatives of Langmuir probe characteristics. An active compensation method for avoiding modifications by the RF electric field is employed. Good agreement with previous numerical solutions of the Boltzmann equation is observed.
Hydrosoluble copolymers of acrylamide‐(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid). Synthesis and characterization by spectroscopy and viscometry (2002)

Abstract Hydrosoluble copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups incorporated into a macromolecule were synthesized. The group of polymers studied was obtained by free radical solution polymerization, using potassium persulfate as an initiator. The copolymerization of the monomers 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylamide (AA) was carried out at different pH values of the reaction medium of the monomer mix. The copolymers were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The viscosity behavior of the copolymers in NaCl solution showed a dependency on the pH of the reaction medium, with higher pH leading to lower viscosities. The acidic conditions of this medium affect the initiator decomposition rate, which is a probable cause of the viscosity variation, and the extent of decomposition increases with increasing pH. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 192–198, 2003
Synthesis of Dispersed and Contiguous Nanoparticles in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrodes (2008)

Abstract Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes, after their high temperature sintering, may be impregnated (infiltrated) to deposit nanoparticles within their pores. There are two main motivations for modifying the electrodes: (i) to add catalytic function, and (ii) to enhance electronic or ionic conduction pathways, since either or both may not be sufficient within the as‐sintered electrodes. The impregnated particles take on two configurations: dispersed or connected. While dispersed nanoparticles introduce catalysts, connected nanoparticulate networks can add conduction paths in addition to enhancing catalysis. This paper reviews the prevalent SOFC electrode types, the function of the impregnated nanoparticles, and the common impregnation methods. Specific attention is given to the optimal uses of each method, with positives and negatives addressed for each.