gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using mechanobiological mimicry of red blood cells to extend circulation times of hydrogel microparticles (2011)

It has long been hypothesized that elastic modulus governs the biodistribution and circulation times of particles and cells in blood; however, this notion has never been rigorously tested. We synthesized hydrogel microparticles with tunable elasticity in the physiological range, which resemble red blood cells in size and shape, and tested their behavior in vivo. Decreasing the modulus of these particles altered their biodistribution properties, allowing them to bypass several organs, such as the lung, that entrapped their more rigid counterparts, resulting in increasingly longer circulation times well past those of conventional microparticles. An 8-fold decrease in hydrogel modulus correlated to a greater than 30-fold increase in the elimination phase half-life for these particles. These results demonstrate a critical design parameter for hydrogel microparticles.
Lipophilic diammonium cation having a rigid structure complementary to pyrophosphate dianions of nucleotides. Selective extraction and transport of nucleotides (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLipophilic diammonium cation having a rigid structure complementary to pyrophosphate dianions of nucleotides. Selective extraction and transport of nucleotidesIwao Tabushi, Yoshiaki Kobuke, and Junichi ImutaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 20, 6152–6157Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00410a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (791 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rapid self-assembly of brush block copolymers to photonic crystals (2012)

The reduced chain entanglement of brush polymers over their linear analogs drastically lowers the energetic barriers to reorganization. In this report, we demonstrate the rapid self-assembly of brush block copolymers to nanostructures with photonic bandgaps spanning the entire visible spectrum, from ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (NIR). Linear relationships were observed between the peak wavelengths of reflection and polymer molecular weights. This work enables "bottom-up" fabrication of photonic crystals with application-tailored bandgaps, through synthetic control of the polymer molecular weight and the method of self-assembly. These polymers could be developed into NIR-reflective paints, to combat the "urban heat island effect" due to NIR photon thermalization.
Comparison of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta and bone marrow. (2004)

These observations implicate the postpartum human placenta as an important and novel source of multipotent stem cells that could potentially be used for investigating mesenchymal differentiation and regulation of hematopoiesis.
Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors as Promising Treatments for Mineralocorticoid Dependent Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases (2014)

Besides the well-known roles of aldosterone as a mineralocorticoid in regulating homeostasis of electrolytes and volume, recent studies revealed that it is also a potent proinflammation factor inducing reactive oxygen species and up-regulating a panel of fibrosis related genes. Under pathological circumstances, excessive aldosterone is involved in a lot of chronic diseases, including hypertension, cardiac fibrosis, congestive heart failure, ventricular remodeling, and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, the inhibition of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), which is the pivotal enzyme in aldosterone biosynthesis, was proposed as a superior approach. Expected pharmacodynamic effects have been demonstrated in both animal models and clinical trials after the application of CYP11B2 inhibitors. The importance of selectivity over other steroidogenic CYP enzymes, in particular 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1), was also revealed. Recently, much more selective CYP11B2 inhibitors have been reported, which could be promising drug candidates for the treatment of aldosterone related diseases.
Generation, Use, and Validation of Receptor-Selective Antibodies (2004)

Antibodies have proved invaluable in the study of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The utility of these immunoglobulin probes for investigation of protein structures and functions arises from their selectivity as well as their versatility. Antibodies can be used to analyze GPCR size, abundance, distribution, turnover, modification, interaction with other proteins, and functional properties. In this chapter, techniques for the generation and characterization of receptor-selective antibodies are described. Two protocols are given for the generation of antibodies: (1) development of polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) against synthetic peptides corresponding to a specific site within a GPCR and (2) selection of synthetic single-chain fragment variable (scFv) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from libraries expressed on the surface of bacteriophage. Immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for characterization of the selectivity and affinity of such antibodies are described. Finally, methods are given for improvement of the titer and specificity of PAbs.
lnterleukin-10 in the Brain (2001)

Interleukin (IL)-10 is synthesized in the central nervous system (CNS) and acts to limit clinical symptoms of stroke, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, meningitis, and the behavioral changes that occur during bacterial infections. Expression of IL-10 is elevated during the course of most major diseases in the CNS and promotes survival of neurons and all glial cells in the brain by blocking the effects of proapoptotic cytokines and by promoting expression of cell survival signals. Stimulation of IL-10 receptors regulates numerous life- or death-signaling pathways--including Jak1/Stat3, PI 3-kinase, MAPK, SOCS, and NF-kappaB--ultimately promoting cell survival by inhibiting both ligand- and mitochondrial-induced apoptotic pathways. IL-10 also limits inflammation in the brain; it does so by three major pathways: (1) reducing synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, (2) suppressing cytokine receptor expression, and (3) inhibiting receptor activation. Finally, IL-10 induces anergy in brain-infiltrating T cells by inhibiting cell signaling through the costimulatory CD28-CD80/86 pathway. The multiple functions of IL-10 in the brain will create new and intriguing vistas that will promote a better understanding of neurodegenerative diseases. These discoveries could lead to development of innovative approaches for the use of antiinflammatory cytokines in major debilitating diseases of the CNS.
Whole blood production of monocytic cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, sIL-6R, IL-1Ra) in haemodialysed patients (1999)

Monocytes from HD patients in WB cultures are hyporesponsive to PHA and LPS for their IL-1beta, TNFalpha and IL-6 production in contrast to isolated monocytes that demonstrate signs of activation. If it reflects the in vivo situation it could partly explain the immune defect in uraemic and haemodialysed patients. Higher sIL-6R/IL-6 and IL-1Ra/IL-1beta ratios could also participate to the complex immune disturbances of HD patients by reducing the biological activity of two cytokines playing a major role in the immune and inflammatory network.
Thermally triggered purification and immobilization of elastin–OPH fusions (2002)

A bifunctional fusion protein consisting of organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) and elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) was synthesized for the detoxification of organophosphorus compounds. ELPs undergo a reversible phase transition upon an increase in temperature, forming hydrophobic aggregates. This thermally triggered property of phase transition allows for a simple and rapid means of purifying the fusion protein. Over 1,300-fold purification was achieved after only 2 cycles of inverse phase transition. The purified fusion protein showed identical kinetic properties as the native OPH with only a modest 10% increase in K(m) and a 5% decrease of K(cat). The ability of the ELP domain to form collapsed aggregates also improved long-term stability of the fusion enzyme. Aggregated ELP-OPH retained nearly 100% activity over a span of three weeks. In addition to facilitating purification and stability, the ELP moiety served as a hydrophobic tag for one-step immobilization of the fusion protein onto hydrophobic surfaces. The ELP-OPH was capable of rapidly degrading paraoxon while immobilized. The protein also retained ELP functionality of reversible phase transition thereby allowing for the regeneration of the treated surface. This technology offers a swift and convenient means for purification, immobilization, and regeneration of OPH onto a variety of hydrophobic surfaces by simple environmental triggers.
Fecal Transplantation for Recurrent C lostridium difficile Infection in Older Adults: A Review (2013)

Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a common nosocomial infection that has a large effect on morbidity and quality of life in older adults in hospitals and long-term care facilities. Because antibiotics are often unsuccessful in curing this disease, fecal transplantation has emerged as a second-line therapy for treatment of recurrent CDI. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science regarding fecal transplantation for CDI was performed to further evaluate the efficacy and side effects of this promising therapy in older adults. Data were extracted from 10 published articles from 1984 to the present that met inclusion criteria, including nine open-label reports and one randomized controlled trial. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of individuals undergoing fecal transplantation and effects of fecal transplantation on the fecal microflora were reviewed. Methods of fecal transplantation and donor selection were reviewed. Fecal transplantation was performed in 115 individuals aged 60 to 101, with a female predominance. CDI cure was achieved in 103 (89.6%) individuals over a follow-up period of 2 months to 5 years (mean 5.9 months). There was no significant difference in cure rate between older and younger participants in included studies. Most failed transplantation occurred in individuals infected with the aggressive NAP1/027 strain of C. difficile. Microbiological studies of fecal biodiversity before and after fecal transplantation demonstrated greater bacterial diversity and shift in flora species to resemble donor flora after transplantation that correlated with clinical remission. Fecal transplantation provides a safe and durable cure for older adults with recurrent CDI.
Expression cloning of cDNA by phage display selection (1996)

Expression cloning of a mouse kappa chain fragment has been achieved from a cDNA library by display of expressed proteins on filamentous phage and affinity selection for binding to anti-mouse Fab antibodies. Expressed proteins were anchored to the phage coat by a synthetic, anti-parallel leucine zipper, which had been selected from a semi-randomized zipper library for the ability to connect a test protein to phage. From a library of 4 x 10(6) transformants, two separate clones displaying different size cDNA inserts were recovered after four selection rounds. These results further demonstrate the utility of phage display for cDNA expression cloning.
No relation between limb toxicity and treatment outcome after isolated limb perfusion (ILP) for measurable melanoma (1997)

Vrouenraets, B C1; Klasse, J M1; Eggermont, AMM2; van, Geel A; Nieweg, O E1; Hart, AAM1; Kroon, BBR1 Author Information
Version Control With Subversion - The Official Guide And Reference Manual (2009)

Version Control with SUBVERSION. Written by members of the development team that maintains Subversion, this is the official guide and reference manual for the popular open source revision control technology. The new edition covers Subversion 1.5 with a complete introduction and guided tour of its capabilities, along with best practice recommendations.Version Control with Subversion is useful for people from a wide variety of backgrounds, from those with no previous version control experience to experienced system administrators.Subversion is the perfect tool to track individual changes when several people collaborate on documentation or, particularly, software development projects. As a more powerful and flexible successor to the CVS revision control system, Subversion makes life so much simpler, allowing each team member to work separately and then merge source code changes into a single repository that keeps a record of each separate version.
Design issues in compact optical switches using spatial light modulators (1998)

Optical switches are likely to play an important role in WDM networks for use in network protection. For undersea networks it is essential that the devices are compact and hence thermally stable. Compact optical switches using spatial-light modulators can be implemented using a diffractive lens. In this paper we investigate the performance implications of such a switch architecture.
Enteric-coated cysteamine for the treatment of paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2011)

Enteric-coated cysteamine reduces ALT and AST levels in children with NAFLD without reduction in body mass index. Further studies will evaluate optimal cysteamine therapeutic dose and effect on liver histology in NAFLD (Clinicaltrials.gov protocol ID: 07-1699).
Systemic Delivery of Recombinant Proteins by Genetically Modified Myoblasts (1991)

The ability to stably deliver recombinant proteins to the systemic circulation would facilitate the treatment of a variety of acquired and inherited diseases. To explore the feasibility of the use of genetically engineered myoblasts as a recombinant protein delivery system, stable transfectants of the murine C2C12 myoblast cell line were produced that synthesize and secrete high levels of human growth hormone (hGH) in vitro. Mice injected with hGH-transfected myoblasts had significant levels of hGH in both muscle and serum that were stable for at least 3 weeks after injection. Histological examination of muscles injected with beta-galactosidase-expressing C2C12 myoblasts demonstrated that many of the injected cells had fused to form multinucleated myotubes. Thus, genetically engineered myoblasts can be used for the stable delivery of recombinant proteins into the circulation.
How Cells Get the Right Chromosomes (1997)

When cells divide, the chromosomes must be delivered flawlessly to the daughter cells. Missing or extra chromosomes can result in birth defects and cancer. Chance events are the starting point for chromosome delivery, which makes the process prone to error. Errors are avoided by diverse uses of mechanical tension from mitotic forces. Tension stabilizes the proper chromosome configuration, controls a cell cycle checkpoint, and changes chromosome chemistry.
Pervasive 2D Barcodes for Camera Phone Applications (2007)

In a previous study, we evaluated six 2D barcodes using eight criteria for standardization potential: omnidirectional symbol reading, support for low-resolution cameras, reading robustness under different lighting conditions, barcode reading distance, error correction capability, security, support for multiple character sets, and data capacity. We also considered the fidelity of the camera phone's captured image as a metric for gauging reading reliability. Here, we review the six 2D barcodes and then use an additional metric - a first-read rate - to quantitatively verify our earlier results and better gauge reading reliability.
Secure key distribution system based on quantumcryptography (1994)

The secure transmission of cryptographic keys is demonstrated over a 10 km-long optical fibre channel using a technique called ‘quantum cryptography’. Single-photon detector noise and nonideal modulator frequency response lead to error rates of ~6% in the transmitted keys that are corrected using publicly agreed key permutations and parity checks.
Expression of the Hantaan virus M genome segment by using a vaccinia virus recombinant (1988)

A cDNA containing the complete open reading frame of the Hantaan virus (HTN) M genome segment has been cloned into vaccinia virus. This recombinant virus expresses two glycoproteins which are similar to the HTN structural glycoproteins, G1 and G2, in molecular weight, cleavage pattern, and cellular distribution. Both HTN and recombinant vaccinia virus glycoproteins are exclusively associated with the Golgi apparatus of the cell. Despite this intracellular restriction, mice inoculated with the recombinant vaccinia virus raised neutralizing antibodies against HTN. The specificity of virus neutralization appears to reside in the HTN glycoproteins, since a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the HTN nucleocapsid protein was unable to elicit a neutralizing antibody response.
Circulating level of high mobility group box-1 predicts the severity of community-acquired pneumonia: Regulation of inflammatory responses via the c-Jun N-terminal signaling pathway in macrophages (2017)

High mobility group box‑1 (HMGB‑1) has been reported to serve significant roles in various inflammatory diseases. However, the correlation between the circulating level of HMGB‑1 and severity of community‑acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains unclear. The present study investigated differential alterations in plasma HMGB‑1 levels of patients with CAP prior to and following antibiotic treatment, and further analyzed the association between CAP severity and HMGB‑1 levels. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced HMGB‑1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages and the relevant signaling pathways were examined. Plasma HMGB‑1 levels of 90 patients with CAP and 52 healthy controls were measured using a commercial ELISA. The levels of plasma HMGB‑1 were significantly elevated in CAP patients compared with the controls, and antibiotic treatment was effective in reducing HMGB‑1 levels. Plasma HMGB‑1 correlated with the pneumonia severity index score (r=0.566, P<0.001). Furthermore, LPS‑stimulation significantly upregulated HMGB‑1 secretion via the c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas pretreatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 markedly downregulated LPS‑induced HMGB‑1 levels. In conclusion, plasma HMGB‑1 levels may serve a role in the diagnosis and clinical assessment of CAP severity. These findings may provide information on novel targets for the treatment of CAP.
Local increase of antiprotease and neutrophil elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complexes in lung cancer (1989)

Tumour progression is dependent on many factors including antiproteases and proteases released by tumour cells or host cells infiltrating the tumour. In the present study, we evaluated the antiprotease content, namely alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2M) and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) and neutrophil (PMN) elastase complexed with A1PI, in limited and extended lung cancer patients compared to a nonsmoker and smoker control population. Data showed that A2M and A1PI were increased in the involved lung from limited cancer when compared to normals. In extended lung cancer, A2M content was also increased in the uninvolved side. The concentration of PMN elastase-A1PI complex was increased on both sides in lung cancer patients (10.2 ng.ml-1 in the uninvolved side, 8.2 ng.ml-1 in the involved side) when compared to nonsmokers (1.9 ng.ml-1, p less than 0.001) and smokers (3.8 ng.ml-1, p less than 0.005). This increase was not solely due to the smoking habit. We conclude that antiproteases and PMN elastase complexed with antiprotease are increased in lung cancer area. This increase could result in extracellular changes in lung cancer.
Holmium:YAG laser ablation of human intervertebral disc: Preliminary evaluation (1992)

Abstract Percutaneous discetomy has become a viable alternative in the treatment of herniated intervertebral disc. This study determined the effectiveness of holmium:YAG laser for ablation of human disc tissue. Human cadaveric intervertebral disc was harvested and stored in cold saline‐soaked gauze for evaluation within 24 hr of removal. Using a specially designed apparatus, a 600 μm diameter fiber was advanced perpendicular through the annulus fibrosis at a controlled force of 0.098 Newtons (10 g). Samples were lased in air (n = 17) and in room temperature saline (n = 32). The laser energy was delivered at 5 Hz, 250 μsec pulsewidth, and from 50 mJ/mm 2 to 1,100 mJ/mm 2 fluence. Three to six holes were lased using identical parameters in each tissue specimen and were evaluated histologically and by morphometric analysis. The maximum zone of thermal necrosis and thermal denaturation occurred at 700–1,100 mJ/mm 2 ; 140 μm and 590μm in air and 80 μm and 730μm in saline, respectively. At fluences between 200 and 700 mJ/mm 2 , the thermal necrosis ranged from 20 to 60 μm in air and from 10 to 50μm in saline, the zone of denaturation also being less. The holes created with the 600μm fiber were circular in shape, with a mean diameter of 500 μm (n = 3). The etch rates (penetration/pulse) appeared to increase with increasing fluences. In saline, the etch rate ranged from 7 to 53 μm/pulse (r = 0.57, P ≤ 0.10), and, in air, the values ranged from 7 to 65 μm/pulse (r = 0.79, P ≤ 0.03). No tissue ablation occurred at 50 mJ/mm 2 , suggesting that the ablation threshold lies between 50 and 200 mJ/mm 2 . This study demonstrates that controlled ablation of human disc tissue can be accomplished with the hol‐mium:YAG laser, the degree of thermal injury being related to the amount of energy delivered.
Microstructure, Processing, Performance Relationships for High Temperature Coatings (2009)

High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF)coating have shown high resistance to corrosion in fossil energy applications and it is generally accepted that mechanical failure, e.g. cracking or spalling, ultimately will determine coating lifetime. The use of HVOF thermal spray to apply coatings is one of the most commercially viable and allows the control of various parameters including powder particle velocity and temperature which influence coating properties, such as residual stress, bond coat strength and microstructure. Methods of assessing the mechanical durability of coatings are being developed in order to explore the relationship between HVOF spraying parameters and the mechanical properties of the coating and coating bond strength. The room temperature mechanical strength, as well as the resistance of the coating to cracking/spalling during thermal transients, is of considerable importance. Eddy current, acoustic emission and thermal imaging methods are being developed to detect coating failure during thermal cycling tests and room temperature tensile tests. Preliminary results on coating failure of HVOF FeAl coatings on carbon steel, as detected by eddy current measurements during thermal cycling, are presented. The influence of HVOF coating parameters of iron aluminides- applied to more relevant structural steels, like 316 SS and Grade 91 steel,-on coating durability will be explored once reliable methods for identification of coating failure have been developed.