gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estradiol reduces calcium currents in rat neostriatal neurons via a membrane receptor (1996)

Until recently, steroid hormones were believed to act only on cells containing intracellular receptors. However, recent evidence suggests that steroids have specific and rapid effects at the cellular membrane. Using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques, 17 beta-estradiol was found to reduce Ba2+ entry reversibly via Ca2+ channels in acutely dissociated and cultured neostriatal neurons. The effects were sex-specific, i.e., the reduction of Ba2+ currents was greater in neurons taken from female rats. 17 beta-Estradiol primarily targeted L-type currents, and their inhibition was detected reliably within seconds of administration. The maximum reduction by 17 beta-estradiol occurred at picomolar concentrations. 17 beta-Estradiol conjugated to bovine serum albumin also reduced Ba2+ currents, suggesting that the effect occurs at the membrane surface. Dialysis with GTP gamma S prevented reversal of the modulation, suggesting that 17 beta-estradiol acts via G-protein activation. 17 alpha-Estradiol also reduced Ba2+ currents but was significantly less effective than 17 beta-estradiol. Estriol and 4-hydroxyestradiol were found to reduce Ba2+ currents with similar efficacy to 17 beta-estradiol, whereas estrone and 2-methoxyestriol were less effective. Tamoxifen also reduced Ba2+ currents but did not occlude the effect of 17 beta-estradiol. These results suggest that at physiological concentrations, 17 beta-estradiol can have immediate actions on neostriatal neurons via nongenomic signaling pathways.
MPVM : a migration transparent version of PVM (2018)

ABSTRACT: Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) is a widely-used software system that allows a heterogeneous set of parallel and serial UNIX-based computers to be programmed as a single message-passing parallel machine. In this paper, an extension to PVM to support dynamic process migration is presented. Support for migration is important in general-purpose workstation environments since it allows parallel computations to co-exist with other applications, using idle-cycles as they become available and off-loading from workstations when they are no longer free. A description and evaluation of the design and implementation of the prototype Migratable PVM system is presented together with some performance results.
Emerging strategies for EphA2 receptor targeting for cancer therapeutics (2010)

EphA2 has been tested as a drug target using multiple approaches such as agonist antibodies, RNA interference, immunotherapy, virus vector-mediated gene transfer, small-molecule inhibitors and nanoparticles. With over a decade of research, encouraging results with targeting of EphA2 expression in various pre-clinical cancer models necessitate further studies.
Structure of 9,10-Di(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl)anthracene in the Solid and in Solution (2002)

A new example of magnetic nonequivalence of chemically equivalent atoms is identified from the proton and carbon resonance spectra of 9,10-di(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl)anthracene with the aid of its conformation in the crystalline state. Molecular modeling suggests that it has a similar conformation in solution.
Dislocations in Relaxed SiGe/Si Heterostructures (1999)

Recent advances in the understanding and control of threading dislocations in substantially relaxed SiGe buffer layers on Si are presented. A model for threading dislocation flow in relaxed graded SiGe buffers is used to determine the potential lower limit of threading dislocation density in relaxed SiGe buffers. Greater densities than expected from the model are seen in relaxed graded alloys with final concentrations greater than 50%. We show that the culprits of the higher threading dislocation density are threading dislocation pile-ups. Observation of early development of pile-ups confirms that inhomogeneous misfit dislocation densities in the graded buffer form regions of more severe crosshatch on the surface that impede dislocation flow. By using chemomechanical planarization (CMP), deleterious pile-up formation can be avoided, and previously formed pile-ups can be destroyed by regrowth of a graded layer. Experiments with CMP and regrowth of graded layers suggest that dislocation annihilation can be effective at reducing threading dislocation densities to densities of the order expected by the model. High quality Ge on Si layers created with the CMP process were used as templates to grow high quality GaAs on Si with strong room temperature photoluminescence and record minority carrier lifetime.
UNSCARF-a color vision system for the detection of unstructured roads (2002)

The problem of navigating a robot vehicle on unstructured roads that have no lane markings, may have degraded surfaces and edges, and may be partially obscured by strong shadows is addressed. These conditions cause many road following systems to fail. The authors have build a system, UNSCARF, which is based on pattern recognition techniques, for successfully navigating on a variety of unstructured roads. UNSCARF does not need a road location prediction to find the location of the road; therefore, UNSCARF can be used as a bootstrapping system. It uses a clustering technique to group pixels with similar colors and locations. It then matches models of road shape to locate the roads in the image. These methods are more robust in noisy conditions than other road interpretation techniques. UNSCARF has been integrated into a navigation system that has successfully driven a test vehicle in may types of weather conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A murine model for bone loss from therapeutic and space-relevant sources of radiation (2006)

Cancer patients receiving radiation therapy are exposed to photon (gamma/X-ray), electron, and less commonly proton radiation. Similarly, astronauts on exploratory missions will be exposed to extended periods of lower-dose radiation from multiple sources and of multiple types, including heavy ions. Therapeutic doses of radiation have been shown to have deleterious consequences on bone health, occasionally causing osteoradionecrosis and spontaneous fractures. However, no animal model exists to study the cause of radiation-induced osteoporosis. Additionally, the effect of lower doses of ionizing radiation, including heavy ions, on general bone quality has not been investigated. This study presents data developing a murine model for radiation-induced bone loss. Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to gamma, proton, carbon, or iron radiation at 2-Gray doses, representing both a clinical treatment fraction and spaceflight exposure for an exploratory mission. Mice were euthanized 110 days after irradiation. The proximal tibiae and femur diaphyses were analyzed using microcomputed tomography. Results demonstrate profound changes in trabecular architecture. Significant losses in trabecular bone volume fraction were observed for all radiation species: gamma, (-29%), proton (-35%), carbon (-39%), and iron (-34%). Trabecular connectivity density, thickness, spacing, and number were also affected. These data have clear implications for clinical radiotherapy in that bone loss in an animal model has been demonstrated at low doses. Additionally, these data suggest that space radiation has the potential to exacerbate the bone loss caused by microgravity, although lower doses and dose rates need to be studied.
Any Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer? Highlights from the '2010 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium'. Orlando, FL, USA. January 22-24, 2010 (2016)

Majority of pancreatic cancers are unresectable upon diagnosis. Palliative chemotherapy is usually administered in an attempt of prolonging survival potentially and providing quality of life. Gemcitabine has been the solo player in the field of pancreatic cancer treatment after replacing 5-FU since 1997. How to treat a patient with advanced pancreatic cancer failing to respond or progressing after gemcitabine is a true challenge. No established second-line treatment exists yet. Chinese herbal medicine PHY906 provides cytoprotective effects without dampening the anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents. Several combinations such as S-1/gemcitabine, GTX, FOLFIRINOX showed promising results in retrospective studies. Among single agents, erlotinib and Src inhibitor failed to show seemingly benefit, while abraxane and pemetrexed deserve further investigation.
Realization of optimum interleavers (1970)

Four realizations of interleavers that reorder a sequence of symbols so that no contiguous sequence of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n_2</tex> symbols in the reordered sequence contains any pair of symbols that were separated by fewer than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n_1</tex> , symbols in the original ordering are introduced. For any <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n_1</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n_2</tex> that satisfy an appropriate relative primeness condition, these interleavers are optimum in the sense that of all possible interleavers providing the indicated symbol separation, one of these four realizations achieves both the minimum possible encoding delay and the minimum possible combined storage capacity for the interleaver and its unscrambler.
Trans-spliced Cas9 allows cleavage of HBB and CCR5 genes in human cells using compact expression cassettes (2015)

CRISPR/Cas9 systems have been used in a wide variety of biological studies; however, the large size of CRISPR/Cas9 presents challenges in packaging it within adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) for clinical applications. We identified a two-cassette system expressing pieces of the S. pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) protein which splice together in cellula to form a functional protein capable of site-specific DNA cleavage. With specific CRISPR guide strands, we demonstrated the efficacy of this system in cleaving the HBB and CCR5 genes in human HEK-293T cells as a single Cas9 and as a pair of Cas9 nickases. The trans-spliced SpCas9 (tsSpCas9) displayed ~35% of the nuclease activity compared with the wild-type SpCas9 (wtSpCas9) at standard transfection doses, but had substantially decreased activity at lower dosing levels. The greatly reduced open reading frame length of the tsSpCas9 relative to wtSpCas9 potentially allows for more complex and longer genetic elements to be packaged into an AAV vector including tissue-specific promoters, multiplexed guide RNA expression, and effector domain fusions to SpCas9. For unknown reasons, the tsSpCas9 system did not work in all cell types tested. The use of protein trans-splicing may help facilitate exciting new avenues of research and therapeutic applications through AAV-based delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 systems.
Glycosylation is necessary for the correct folding of human immunodeficiency virus gp120 in CD4 binding (1993)

Conflicting results have been reported regarding the role of carbohydrate on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein gp120 in CD4 receptor binding. Glycosylated, deglycosylated, and nonglycosylated forms of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 gp120s were used to examine CD4 receptor-binding activity. Nonglycosylated forms of gp120 generated either by deletion of the signal sequence of HIV-1 gp120 or by synthesis in the presence of tunicamycin failed to bind to CD4. In contrast, highly mannosylated gp120 bound to soluble CD4 molecules well. Enzymatic removal of carbohydrate chains from glycosylated gp120 by endoglycosidase H or an endoglycosidase F/N glycanase mixture had no effect on the ability of gp120 to bind CD4. An experiment which measured the ability of gp120 to bind to CD4 as an assay of the proper conformation of gp120 showed that carbohydrate chains on gp120 are not required for the interaction between gp120 and CD4 but that N-linked glycosylation is essential for generation of the proper conformation of gp120 to provide a CD4-binding site.
Recyclable thermoset shape memory polymers with high stress and energy outputviafacile UV-curing (2018)

Engineering applications of current thermoset shape memory polymers are limited by three critical issues: demanding fabrication conditions (from 70 to 300 °C temperatures for hours or days), lack of reprocessability or recyclability, and low recovery stress and energy output.
The level of MHC class I expression on murine adenocarcinoma can change the antitumor effector mechanism of immunocytokine therapy. (2001)

The huKS1/4-IL2 fusion protein, directed against the human epithelial cell adhesion molecule (huEpCAM) has been shown to induce a strong CD8+ T-cell-dependent, natural killer (NK) cell-independent, antitumor response in mice bearing the huEp-CAM-transfected CT26 colon cancer CT26-EpCAM. Here we investigate the effectiveness of huKS1/4-IL2 against CT26-Ep21.6, a subclone of CT26-EpCAM, expressing low levels of MHC class I. In vitro antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays in the presence of huKS1/4-IL2 demonstrate that murine NK cells from spleen and blood can kill CT26-Ep21.6 significantly better than they kill CT26-EpCAM. NK-mediated ADCC of CT26-EpCAM can be enhanced by blocking the murine NK cell-inhibitory receptor, Ly-49C. A potent in vivo antitumor effect was observed when BALB/c mice bearing experimental metastases of CT26-Ep21.6 were treated with huKS1/4-IL2. The depletion of NK cells during huKS1/4-IL2 treatment significantly reduced the antitumor effect against CT26-Ep21.6. Together our in vitro and in vivo data in the huEp-CAM-transfected CT26 models indicate that the amount of MHC class I expressed on the tumor target cell plays a critical role in the in vivo antitumor mechanism of huKS1/4-IL2 immunotherapy. A low MHC class I level favors NK cells as effectors, whereas a high level of MHC class I favors T cells as effectors. Given the heterogeneity of MHC class I expression seen in human tumors and the prevailing T-cell suppression in many cancer patients, the observation that huKS1/4-IL2 has the potential to effectively activate an NK cell-based antitumor response may be of potential clinical relevance.
Simulation and Modeling of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Carboxylic Acid Thiols on Flat and Nanoparticle Gold Surfaces (2011)

Quantitative analysis of the 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid self-assembled monolayer (C16 COOH-SAM) layer thickness on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was performed using simulation of electron spectra for surface analysis (SESSA) software and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experimental measurements. XPS measurements of C16 COOH-SAMs on flat gold surfaces were made at nine different photoelectron emission angles (5-85° in 10° increments), corrected using geometric weighting factors and then summed together to approximate spherical AuNPs. The SAM thickness and relative surface roughness (RSA) in SESSA were optimized to determine the best agreement between simulated and experimental surface composition. On the basis of the glancing-angle results, it was found that inclusion of a hydrocarbon-contamination layer on top the C16 COOH-SAM was necessary to improve the agreement between the SESSA and XPS results. For the 16 COOH-SAMs on flat Au surfaces, using a SAM thickness of 1.1 Å/CH(2) group, an RSA of 1.05, and a 1.5 Å CH(2)-contamination overlayer (total film thickness = 21.5 Å) for the SESSA calculations provided the best agreement with the experimental XPS data. After applying the appropriate geometric corrections and summing the SESSA flat-surface compositions, the best fit results for the 16 COOH-SAM thickness and surface roughness on the AuNPs indicated a slightly thinner overlayer with parameters of 0.9 Å/CH(2) group in the SAM, an RSA of 1.06 RSA, and a 1.5 Å CH(2)-contamination overlayer (total film thickness = 18.5 Å). The 3 Å difference in SAM thickness between the flat Au and AuNP surfaces suggests that the alkyl chains of the SAM are slightly more tilted or disordered on the AuNP surfaces.
Immune tolerance in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica with peptide-loaded tolerogenic dendritic cells in a phase 1b trial (2019)

There are adaptive T-cell and antibody autoimmune responses to myelin-derived peptides in multiple sclerosis (MS) and to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). Strategies aimed at antigen-specific tolerance to these autoantigens are thus indicated for these diseases. One approach involves induction of tolerance with engineered dendritic cells (tolDCs) loaded with specific antigens. We conducted an in-human phase 1b clinical trial testing increasing concentrations of autologous tolDCs loaded with peptides from various myelin proteins and from AQP4. We tested this approach in 12 patients, 8 with MS and 4 with NMOSD. The primary end point was the safety and tolerability, while secondary end points were clinical outcomes (relapses and disability), imaging (MRI and optical coherence tomography), and immunological responses. Therapy with tolDCs was well tolerated, without serious adverse events and with no therapy-related reactions. Patients remained stable clinically in terms of relapse, disability, and in various measurements using imaging. We observed a significant increase in the production of IL-10 levels in PBMCs stimulated with the peptides as well as an increase in the frequency of a regulatory T cell, known as Tr1, by week 12 of follow-up. In this phase 1b trial, we concluded that the i.v. administration of peptide-loaded dendritic cells is safe and feasible. Elicitation of specific IL-10 production by peptide-specific T cells in MS and NMOSD patients indicates that a key element in antigen specific tolerance is activated with this approach. The results warrant further clinical testing in larger trials.
62.2: Invited Paper : Fast Electro‐Optical Switching in Polymer‐Stabilized Liquid Crystalline Blue Phases for Display Application (2007)

Abstract Blue phases have two major advantages over commonly used nematic phases:1) the response is much faster, 2) the zero‐electric field state is optically isotropic. We demonstrate the sufficiently large electric field‐induced birefringence and the micro‐second response of the polymer‐stabilized blue phases and the induced‐isotropic phases without any surface treatment.
Neuroinflamm-Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview (2011)

Neuroinflammation is considered a chronic activation of the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) in response to different injuries. This brain immune activation results in various events: circulating immune cells infiltrate the CNS; resident cells are activated; and pro-inflammatory mediators produced and released induce neuroinflammatory brain disease. The effect of immune diffusible mediators on synaptic plasticity might result in CNS dysfunction during neuroinflammatory brain diseases. The CNS dysfunction may induce several human pathological conditions associated with both cognitive impairment and a variable degree of neuroinflammation. Furthermore, age has a powerful effect on enhanced susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases and age-dependent enhanced neuroinflammatory processes may play an important role in toxin generation that causes death or dysfunction of neurons in neurodegenerative diseases This review will address current understanding of the relationship between ageing, neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease by focusing on the principal mechanisms by which the immune system influences the brain plastic phenomena. Also, the present review considers the principal human neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and psychiatric disorders caused by aging and neuroinflammation.
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Essential Fatty Acid Status as a Predictor of Future Suicide Risk (2006)

A low docosahexaenoic acid percentage and low omega-3 proportions of lipid profile predicted risk of suicidal behavior among depressed patients over the 2-year period. If confirmed, this finding would have implications for the neurobiology of suicide and reduction of suicide risk.
Distinguishing anxiety and depression in self‐report: purification of the beck anxiety inventory and beck depression inventory‐II (2010)

The overlap of symptoms associated with anxiety and depressive disorders hinders their differentiation using self-report scales. The aim of this study was to develop purified versions of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) that encompass only items highly specific to anxiety and depression, respectively. However, using these purified scales only increased the ability to differentiate anxiety and depressive disorders slightly. Anxiety and depression seem to be inherently linked and, thus, the high comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders seems to be not a function of the same types of symptoms being reported for each disorder. Nevertheless, purified BAI and BDI-II scales might be useful for separating the effects of interventions on anxiety and depressive symptoms.
Colloidal Suspensions of Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (2008)

The synthesis and characterization of colloidal mesoporous silica (CMS) functionalized with vinyl-, benzyl-, phenyl-, cyano-, mercapto-, aminopropyl- or dihydroimidazole moieties is reported. Uniform mesoporous particles ranging in size from 40 to 150 nm are generated in a co-condensation process of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and organotriethoxysilanes (RTES) in alkaline aqueous media containing triethanolamine (TEA) in combination with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTACl) serving as a structure-directing agent. The materials are obtained as colloidal suspensions featuring long-term stability after template removal by ion exchange with an ethanolic solution of ammonium nitrate or HCl. The spherical particles exhibit a wormlike pore system with defined pore sizes and high surface areas. Samples are analyzed by a number of techniques including TEM, SEM, DLS, TGA, Raman, and cross-polarized (29)Si-MAS NMR spectroscopy, as well as nitrogen sorption measurements. We demonstrate that co-condensation and grafting methods result in similar changes in the nitrogen adsorption behavior, indicating a successful internal lining of the pores with functional groups through both procedures.