gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolithic integration of III-V materials and devices on silicon (1999)

The realization of monolithic optical interconnects by integration of III-V materials with conventional Si circuitry has long been hindered by materials incompatibilities (i.e. lattice mismatch and heterovalent interface) and practical processing constraints. We have demonstrated successful integration of hetero-epitaxially grown InGaAs/Si diodes with an n-well CMOS process on (001) Si offcut 6 degrees towards [110]. The In<SUB>0.15</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.85</SUB>As/In<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1- x</SUB>As/GaAs/Si diodes were grown by atmospheric pressure organo-metallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) and features a room temperature R<SUB>0</SUB>A product of 20,000 ohm-cm<SUP>2</SUP>. No degradation of PMOS or NMOS transistor characteristics was detected upon integration of the III-V devices. Further improvement of III-V/Si device characteristics are anticipated in future efforts by incorporating relaxed, compositionally- graded Ge/Ge<SUB>x</SUB>Si<SUB>1-x</SUB>/Si with low threading dislocation densities (approximately 2 X 10<SUP>6</SUP>/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) to bridge the gap in lattice constants between Si and GaAs. Recent progress towards this end includes the suppression of antiphase disorder during GaAs growth on Ge/Ge<SUB>x</SUB>Si<SUB>1-x</SUB>/Si by OMCVD and strong room temperature photoluminescence from In<SUB>0.20</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.80</SUB>As QW test structures on GaAs/Ge<SUB>x</SUB>Si<SUB>1- x</SUB>/Si at 920 nm.
Independent Regulation of Chemokine Responsiveness and Cytolytic Function versus CD8+ T Cell Expansion by Dendritic Cells (2009)

The ability of cancer vaccines to induce tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in the circulation of cancer patients has been shown to poorly correlate with their clinical effectiveness. In this study, we report that although Ags presented by different types of mature dendritic cells (DCs) are similarly effective in inducing CD8+ T cell expansion, the acquisition of CTL function and peripheral-type chemokine receptors, CCR5 and CXCR3, requires Ag presentation by a select type of DCs. Both "standard" DCs (matured in the presence of PGE2) and type 1-polarized DCs (DC1s) (matured in the presence of IFNs and TLR ligands, which prevent DCs "exhaustion") are similarly effective in inducing CD8+ T cell expansion and acquisition of CD45RO+IL-7R+IL-15R+ phenotype. However, granzyme B expression, acquisition of CTL activity, and peripheral tissue-type chemokine responsiveness are features exclusively exhibited by CD8+ T cells activated by DC1s. This advantage of DC1s was observed in polyclonally activated naive and memory CD8(+) T cells and in blood-isolated melanoma-specific CTL precursors. Our data help to explain the dissociation between the ability of cancer vaccines to induce high numbers of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in the blood of cancer patients and their ability to promote clinical responses, providing for new strategies of cancer immunotherapy.
Conjugate phase MRI reconstruction with spatially variant sample density correction (2005)

A new image reconstruction method to correct for the effects of magnetic field inhomogeneity in non-Cartesian sampled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is proposed. The conjugate phase reconstruction method, which corrects for phase accumulation due to applied gradients and magnetic field inhomogeneity, has been commonly used for this case. This can lead to incomplete correction, in part, due to the presence of gradients in the field inhomogeneity function. Based on local distortions to the k-space trajectory from these gradients, a spatially variant sample density compensation function is introduced as part of the conjugate phase reconstruction. This method was applied to both simulated and experimental spiral imaging data and shown to produce more accurate image reconstructions. Two approaches for fast implementation that allow the use of fast Fourier transforms are also described. The proposed method is shown to produce fast and accurate image reconstructions for spiral sampled MRI.
Lessons from the use of aromatase inhibitors in the neoadjuvant setting. (1999)

Postmenopausal patients with oestrogen receptor-positive locally advanced T4b, N0-1, M0 and large operable breast cancers T2>3 cm, T3, T4, N0-1 and M0 have been treated with 2.5 mg letrozole (12 patients), 10 mg letrozole (12 patients), 1 or 10 mg anastrozole (24 patients) and 20 mg tamoxifen (65 patients). There was no apparent difference in response rate between 2.5 and 10 mg letrozole. Only 17 patients with anastrozole have so far completed the 3-month treatment period. Median clinical, mammographic and ultrasound reductions in tumour volumes for patients treated with letrozole were 81% (95% confidence interval (CI) 66-88), 77% (95% CI 64-82) and 81% (95% CI 69-86) respectively and for anastrozole, values were 87% (95% CI 59-97), 73% (95% CI 58-82) and 64% (95% CI 52-76) respectively. This compares with a median reduction in tumour volume for tamoxifen-treated patients as assessed by ultrasound of 48% (95% CI 27-48). There were seven complete clinical responses (CR), sixteen patients who achieved 50% or greater reduction in tumour volume (PR) and one no change (NC) for letrozole and four CRs, twelve PRs and one progressive disease for anastrozole. Best radiological responses were one CR, twenty PRs and three NCs for letrozole and one CR, fifteen PRs and one NC for anastrozole. This study has shown that the new aromatase inhibitors, letrozole and anastrozole, are highly effective agents in the neoadjuvant setting and they should now be compared with tamoxifen as first-line treatment in a randomised study.
Mechanism of selective killing by dilinoleoylglycerol of cells transformed by the E1A gene of adenovirus type 12. (1989)

Rat 3Y1 fibroblasts transformed by the E1A gene of adenovirus type 12 (E1A-3Y1 cells) are highly sensitive to the cell-killing effect of 1,3-dilinoleoylglycerol (DLG) administered in a culture medium, whereas the parental 3Y1 cells are less sensitive (H. Shimura et al., Cancer Res., 48: 578-583, 1988). The selective cytotoxicity of DLG to E1A-3Y1 cells was markedly reduced by the simultaneous administration of nonspecific antioxidants such as vitamin E, butylated hydroxytoluene, and ascorbic acid. Specific scavengers for oxygen radicals had no effect. Lipoxygenase inhibitors (nordihydroguaiaretic acid, esculetin, and baicalein) reduced the DLG-mediated selective cytotoxicity, whereas cyclooxygenase inhibitors (acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin) showed no effect. The intracellular and extracellular contents of the products from lipid peroxidation as measured by the thiobarbituric acid test were significantly greater in E1A-3Y1 cells than in the parental 3Y1 cells. In comparison with DLG, linoleic acid and monolinoleoylglycerol were equally toxic to E1A-3Y1 and parental 3Y1, and trilinoleoylglycerol was weakly toxic to both types of cells. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that numerous holes about 0.2 micron in diameter were scattered all over the surface of the E1A-3Y1 cells after treating the cultures with DLG. These results suggest that; (a) the DLG-mediated cytotoxicity to the E1A-transformed cells is attributable to lipid peroxidation; (b) the structural property of DLG is essential to the E1A specificity of cytotoxicity; and finally (c) the destruction of the cell membrane is the basis of cytotoxicity of DLG.
Split otoferlins reunited (2018)

Gene therapy for genetic hearing loss is a nascent field with just a handful of studies published to date that demonstrate proof‐of‐concept recovery of auditory function (reviewed in Ahmed et al, 2017; Lustig &amp; Akil, 2018). One challenge that faces the inner ear field, as well as the broader gene therapy field, is the need to deliver large gene sequences despite the limited genetic capacity (~4.5 kB) of delivery vehicles such as adeno‐associated viral vectors (AAV). In this issue, Al‐Moyed et al have overcome this conundrum by using two AAV vectors to deliver the coding sequence for otoferlin, which is ~6 kB. With dual‐AAV delivery of split otoferlin and a trans‐splicing approach, they demonstrate recombination of full‐length otoferlin in sensory hair cells of the inner ear, enabling partial restoration of auditory function in deaf, otoferlin‐null mice.
Haemodynamic and Transport Barriers to the Treatment of Solid Tumours (1991)

The efficacy in cancer treatment of novel therapeutic agents such as monoclonal antibodies, cytokines and effector cells has been limited by their inability to reach their target in vivo in adequate quantities. Molecular and cellular biology of neoplastic cells alone has failed to explain the nonuniform uptake of these agents. This is not surprising since a solid tumour in vivo is not just a collection of cancer cells. In fact, it consists of two extracellular compartments: vascular and interstitial. Since no blood-borne molecule or cell can reach cancer cells without passing through these compartments, the vascular and interstitial physiology of tumours has received considerable attention in recent years. Three physiological factors responsible for the poor localization of macromolecules in tumours have been identified: (i) heterogeneous blood supply, (ii) elevated interstitial pressure, and (iii) large transport distances in the interstitium. The first factor limits the delivery of blood-borne agents to well-perfused regions of a tumour; the second factor reduces extravasation of fluid and macromolecules in the high interstitial pressure regions and also leads to an experimentally verifiable, radially outward convection in the tumour periphery which opposes the inward diffusion; and the third factor increases the time required for slowly moving macromolecules to reach distal regions of a tumour. Binding of the molecule to an antigen further lowers the effective diffusion rate by reducing the amount of mobile molecule. Although the effector cells are capable of active migration, peculiarities of the tumour vasculature and interstitium may also be responsible for poor delivery of lymphokine activated killer cells and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in solid tumours. Due to micro- and macroscopic heterogeneities in tumours, the relative magnitude of each of these physiological barriers would vary from one location to another and from one day to the next in the same tumour, and from one tumour to another. If the genetically engineered macromolecules and effector cells, as well as low molecular weight cytotoxic agents, are to fulfill their clinical promise, strategies must be developed to overcome or exploit these barriers. Some of these strategies are discussed, and situations wherein these barriers may not be a problem are outlined. Finally, some therapies where the tumour vasculature of the interstitium may be a target are pointed out.
Methodological optimization of polyethylenimine (PEI)‐based gene delivery to the lungs of mice via aerosol application (2004)

We propose aerosol drying as a novel and simple method of optimizing PEI-based gene delivery to the lungs.
Cellular repressor of E1A‐stimulated genes attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis (2008)

Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) is a secreted glycoprotein of 220 amino acids. It has been proposed that CREG acts as a ligand that enhances differentiation and/or reduces cell proliferation. CREG has been shown previously to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy in vitro. However, such a role has not been determined in vivo. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that overexpression of CREG in the murine heart would protect against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in vivo. The effects of constitutive human CREG expression on cardiac hypertrophy were investigated using both in vitro and in vivo models. Cardiac hypertrophy was produced by aortic banding and infusion of angiotensin II in CREG transgenic mice and control animals. The extent of cardiac hypertrophy was quantitated by two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography as well as by molecular and pathological analyses of heart samples. Constitutive over-expression of human CREG in the murine heart attenuated the hypertrophic response, markedly reduced inflammation. Cardiac function was also preserved in hearts with increased CREG levels in response to hypertrophic stimuli. These beneficial effects were associated with attenuation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (MEK-ERK1)/2-dependent signalling cascade. In addition, CREG expression blocked fibrosis and collagen synthesis through blocking MEK-ERK1/2-dependent Smad 2/3 activation in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the expression of CREG improves cardiac functions and inhibits cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation and fibrosis through blocking MEK-ERK1/2-dependent signalling.
Distributed Processing Within an Integrated Circuit/Packet-Switching Node (1976)

Based on the premise that flexibility is a primary objective for future data networks, it is proposed to integrate circuit switching (CS) and packet switching (PS) in a single network. This paper addresses the switching node in such a network. A novel node concept is presented, imposing PS on a CS structure. Connection management and node control functions on the one hand and packet processing/storing on the other are performed by two groups of modules. The modularity requirement leads to very small, simple processors built into storage modules for packet handling. Considering the high throughput requirement of about 1200 packets/s/node, configurations may exceed 30 packet-handling modules. The wellknown saturation effect of multiprocessor systems, i.e., decreasing incremental throughput with increasing number of processor modules, is overcome by a new concept of intermodule communications, taking advantage of the particular data-communications environment. Intermodule communications-and therefore overhead-have been significantly reduced. As a result, systems throughput for fixed processor module utilization is nearly a linear function of the number of modules, the deviation from linearity being less than 10 percent over the range considered.
Re: Inhibition of Bladder Overactivity by a Combination of Tibial Neuromodulation and Tramadol Treatment in Cats (2013)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Mar 2014Re: Inhibition of Bladder Overactivity by a Combination of Tibial Neuromodulation and Tramadol Treatment in Cats Alan J. WeinMD, PhD (hon) Alan J. WeinAlan J. Wein More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.11.091AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2014 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 191Issue 3March 2014Page: 868-870Supplementary Materials Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2014 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Alan J. Wein More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Plasmodium falciparum merozoites primarily stimulate the Vγ9 subset of human γ/δ T cells (1991)

Peripheral blood-derived T cells from six unprimed caucasian donors were tested for the in vitro reactivity to Plasmodium falciparum merozoites (PFM). Without exception vigorous proliferative responses were observed within the donors tested. The frequency of PFM-reactive T cells ranged from 1/150-1/300. Phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in the presence of PFM revealed the preferential outgrowth of gamma/delta T cells, which represented within 7 days about 70% of the reactive T cell blasts. All reactive gamma/delta T cell blasts displayed the V gamma 9+ TcR phenotype. We conclude that human gamma/delta T cells respond vigorously to PFM, and that this property is confined to V gamma 9+ T cell subset.
Enhancement of breakdown voltage in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors using a field plate (2001)

We investigate the breakdown (V/sub br/) enhancement potential of the field plate (FP) technique in the context of AlGaN/GaN power HEMTs. A comprehensive account of the critical geometrical and material variables controlling the field distribution under the FP is provided. A systematic procedure is given for designing a FP device, using two-dimensional (2-D) simulation, to obtain the maximum V/sub br/, with minimum degradation in on-resistance and frequency response. It is found that significantly higher V/sub br/ can be achieved by raising the dielectric constant (/spl epsi//sub i/) of the insulator beneath the FP. Simulation gave the following estimates. The FP can improve the V/sub br/ by a factor of 2.8-5.1, depending on the 2-DEG concentration (n/sub s/) and /spl epsi//sub i/. For n/sub s/=1/spl times/10/sup 13//cm/sup 2/, the V/sub br/ can be raised from 123 V to 630 V, using a 2.2 /spl mu/m FP on a 0.8 /spl mu/m silicon nitride, and 4.7 /spl mu/m gate-drain separation. The methodology of this paper can be extended to the design of FP structures in other lateral FETs, such as MESFETs and LD-MOSFETs.
DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF CD150/SLAMF1 IN NORMAL AND MALIGNANT B CELLS ON THE DIFFERENT STAGES OF MATURATION (2016)

Malignant B-cell lines at the different stages of maturation only partially resemble their normal counterparts by CD150 expression. In malignant B-cell lines, CD150 expression on mRNA level is much broader than on protein level. CD150 isoforms are differentially expressed in normal and malignant B cells with predominant expression of mCD150 isoform.
Coverage control for mobile sensing networks (2003)

This paper describes decentralized control laws for the coordination of multiple vehicles performing spatially distributed tasks. The control laws are based on a gradient descent scheme applied to a class of decentralized utility functions that encode optimal coverage and sensing policies. These utility functions are studied in geographical optimization problems and they arise naturally in vector quantization and in sensor allocation tasks. The approach exploits the computational geometry of spatial structures such as Voronoi diagrams.
Phthalocyanine-based nanoporous network polymers (2002)

Network polymers exhibiting large surfaces areas (450-950 m2 g-1) are prepared by the phthalocyanine-forming reaction of a bis(phthalonitrile) monomer containing a rigid spirocyclic linking group.
Stimulation of Nerves Innervating the Dog's Pancreas (2002)

Our aim was to modulate secretion of insulin and glucagon into the blood of a diabetic but otherwise healthy dog with stimulation of nerves innervating the pancreas. The 33 electrode spiral cuffs were implanted in an adult beagle canine. The first cuff was installed on the vagus nerve, the second one on the splanchnic nerve, and the last one on the pancreatic nerve. To cause insulin-dependent Type I diabetes, partial dysfunction of the pancreas was induced. Nerves were stimulated using biphasic, rectangular current pulses (10 mA, 200 micros, 20 Hz). Samples from the femoral artery were drawn before the experiment, after 5 min, and 5 min after the stimulation stopped. The results of radioimmunological assay of blood samples showed that in the intact pancreas, stimulation of the vagus nerve caused a considerable increase in insulin secretion, no significant change in glucagon secretion, and a decrease in C-peptide secretion. Splanchnic nerve stimulation did not cause considerable change in insulin and C-peptide secretion while considerable increase in glucagon secretion was noticed. Pancreatic nerve stimulation did not considerably change the secretion of any of the three hormones. In the dysfunctioned pancreas, vagal nerve stimulation caused an increase in insulin and glucagon secretion and a minor increase in C-peptide secretion. Splanchnic nerve stimulation caused a minor decrease in insulin secretion, a considerable increase in glucagon secretion, and a small increase in C-peptide secretion. Pancreatic nerve stimulation did not cause a considerable change in insulin secretion while a minor increase in glucagon and C-peptide secretion was observed.
Classification of thermophilic streptomycetes, including the description of Streptomyces thermoalcalitolerans sp. nov. (1999)

A polyphasic taxonomic study was undertaken to clarify relationships within and between representative thermophilic alkalitolerant streptomycetes isolated from soil and appropriate marker strains. The resultant data, notably those from DNA-DNA relatedness studies, support the taxonomic integrity of the validly described species Streptomyces thermodiastaticus, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus and Streptomyces thermovulgaris. However, the genotypic and phenotypic data clearly show that Streptomyces thermonitrificans Desai and Dhala 1967 and S. thermovulgaris (Henssen 1957) Goodfellow et al. 1987 represent a single species. On the basis of priority, S. thermonitrificans is a later subjective synonym of S. thermovulgaris. Similarly, 10 out of the 11 representative thermophilic alkalitolerant isolates had a combination of properties consistent with their classification as S. thermovulgaris. The remaining thermophilic alkalitolerant isolate, Streptomyces strain TA56, merited species status. The name Streptomyces thermoalcalitolerans sp. nov. is proposed for this strain. A neutrophilic thermophilic isolate, Streptomyces strain NAR85, was identified as S. thermodiastaticus.
Rational design of new acid-sensitive organogelators (1998)

2,3-Di-n-alkoxyphenazines were shown to act as acid-sensitive organogelators at ambient temperature in acetonitrile; the protonated yellow species formed in the presence of acid displays stronger aggregative properties and higher temperature resistance than the colourless neutral phenazine; the protonation/deprotonation process is reversible.
Integrin expression in colon cancer cells is regulated by the cytoplasmic domain of the β6 integrin subunit (2002)

We have previously reported that the alphavbeta6 integrin upregulates its own expression in a protein kinase C-dependent manner with increasing cell density. The wild-type beta6 integrin subunit has also been shown to promote tumour growth in vivo and its growth-enhancing effect is regulated by both a MAP kinase binding motif on beta6 and the 11 amino acid C-terminal cytoplasmic extension unique to the beta6 subunit. Herein, we show that the 11 amino acid cytoplasmic extension is essential for the cell density-dependent increase in beta6 expression and that the 11 amino acid tail exerts a dominant negative effect on cell density- and PKC-mediated beta5 expression in alphavbeta6-expressing colon cancer cells. Cells that express beta6 lacking the 11 amino acid tail respond to PKC simulation with increased expression of only the beta5 subunit as seen for cells that lack constitutive alphavbeta6 expression. In contrast, loss of the ERK binding site on beta6 markedly impairs cell density- and PKC-dependent expression of either beta6 or beta5 in the presence or absence of the 11 amino acid tail, respectively. Our findings suggest that in alphavbeta6-expressing cells, a hierarchy of kinase signalling cascades exists and that the beta6-ERK2 interaction dominates over PKC-mediated signalling pathways responsible for integrin upregulation with cell confluence. Given the dominance of the beta6-ERK2 interaction over PKC-mediated expression of both beta5 and beta6 integrin subunits, targeting the beta6-ERK2 interaction may prove useful as an anticancer strategy in colon cancer.