gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glial pathology but absence of apoptotic nigral neurons in long‐standing Parkinson's disease (1998)

The cause and mechanism of neuronal cell death in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are unknown. There is also controversy about whether the cell death results from a single event followed by cell loss consistent with aging or whether there is an ongoing pathologic process. Using postmortem tissue obtained from the Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Tissue Bank in London, we have sought to establish whether apoptosis, or more specifically DNA fragmentation of neurons, is a prominent feature of nigral pathology. In addition, we have studied microglial activation in the substantia nigra as an indicator of ongoing pathology using the highly sensitive markers CR3/43 and EBM11. Reactive astrocytes have been assessed using immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Ten patients with pathologically proven PD were studied. In all cases, regardless of disease duration, severity, drug treatment, or age of the patient, there was no evidence of apoptosis in the substantia nigra as assessed by in situ end-labeling of DNA fragments using biotinylated dUTP and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). In contrast, a case of multiple system atrophy (MSA) served as a positive control for the technique. In this case, positive DNA end-labeling could be found in neurons and non-neuronal cells in the brain stem. In the PD cases, there was, however, localized pathology in the substantia nigra as revealed by the CR3/ 43 and EBM11 markers for activated microglia. This process seemed independent of disease duration and was florid even in patients with severe neuronal loss. It remains to be determined to what extent the activation of glial cells reflects progressive nigral pathology, and whether those factors which are classically associated with prominent apoptotic neuronal cell death in vivo, such as neurotrophic factor deprivation, are prime causes of nigral neuronal loss in PD. Future studies should focus on recent-onset PD or incidental Lewy body disease to further address these questions.
Mixing and aluminum precipitation (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMixing and aluminum precipitationMark M. Clark, Ravindra M. Srivastava, and Rene DavidCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27, 10, 2181–2189Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00047a027https://doi.org/10.1021/es00047a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel Recombinant Adenovirus Vector Expressing a Flavivirus Non-Structural Protein Protects against Lethal Flavivirus Challenge (1993)

Other| August 01 1993 A Novel Recombinant Adenovirus Vector Expressing a Flavivirus Non-Structural Protein Protects against Lethal Flavivirus Challenge S. C. Jacobs S. C. Jacobs 1Molecular Virology, Public Health Laboratory Service Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (1993) 85 (2): 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0850117 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation S. C. Jacobs; A Novel Recombinant Adenovirus Vector Expressing a Flavivirus Non-Structural Protein Protects against Lethal Flavivirus Challenge. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 August 1993; 85 (2): 117–122. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0850117 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search Keywords: adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, flavivirus, major immediate early promoter, non-structural protein I, tick-borne encephalitis virus, vaccines This content is only available as a PDF. © 1993 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Recent approaches in designing bioadhesive materials inspired by mussel adhesive protein (2016)

Marine mussels secret protein-based adhesives, which enable them to anchor to various surfaces in a saline, intertidal zone. Mussel foot proteins (Mfps) contain a large abundance of a unique, catecholic amino acid, Dopa, in their protein sequences. Catechol offers robust and durable adhesion to various substrate surfaces and contributes to the curing of the adhesive plaques. In this article, we review the unique features and the key functionalities of Mfps, catechol chemistry, and strategies for preparing catechol-functionalized polymers. Specifically, we reviewed recent findings on the contributions of various features of Mfps on interfacial binding, which include coacervate formation, surface drying properties, control of the oxidation state of catechol, among other features. We also summarized recent developments in designing advanced biomimetic materials including coacervate-forming adhesives, mechanically improved nano- and micro-composite adhesive hydrogels, as well as smart and self-healing materials. Finally, we review the applications of catechol-functionalized materials for the use as biomedical adhesives, therapeutic applications, and antifouling coatings. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. <b>2017</b>, <i>55</i>, 9-33.
Preparation of enteric-coated microspheres ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniaevaccine with cellulose acetate phthalate: (II). Effect of temperature and pH on the stability and release behaviour of microspheres (1991)

The in vitro stability (temperature and pH) and dissolution study (pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution and pH changed medium) of the enteric-coated microspheres containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine (MHV) were examined. The MHV microspheres were thermally more stable than the unencapsulated MHV. More than 90% of antigenicity was retained in the MHV microspheres for 3 weeks when stored at 4 degrees C. The MHV microspheres in pH 1.2 and pH 3.0 medium were more stable than the unencapsulated MHV. The MHV enteric-coated microspheres exhibited an excellent enteric function to prevent pH-related inactivation. The influence of particle size, CAP concentration and span 80 concentration on the MHV released from microspheres was also determined. The smaller the particle size, the higher the dissolution rate due to the larger surface area of the smaller particle. The higher the concentration of span 80 used, the more the greater the amount of MHV released. This was attributed to the more porous structure of microspheres prepared by the higher concentration of span 80. By increasing the CAP concentration, however, the release rate of MHV was decreased due to the larger amount of CAP and the more compact structure of microspheres.
Synthesis of fluorinated pyridines by the balz‐schiemann reaction. An alternative route to enoxacin, a new antibacterial pyridonecarboxylic acid (1984)

Abstract Fluorination of the 2,6‐disubstituted 3‐aminopyridines 5 and 12 by the Balz‐Schiemann reaction is described. 2,6‐Dichloro‐3‐pyridinediazonium tetrafluoroborate ( 6 ) and 2‐substituted 6‐acetylamino‐3‐pyridinediazonium tetrafluoroborates 13 were heated with or without a solvent to give the corresponding fluorinated pyridines 7 and 14 , respectively, in good yields. 2‐Substituted 6‐acetylamino‐3‐fluoropyridines ( 14 ) were converted by a known method into a series of 7‐substituted 1‐ethyl‐6‐fluoro‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylic acids 21 including enoxacin [1‐ethyl‐6‐fluoro‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐7‐(1‐piperazinyl)‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid [( 2 )], a new potential antibacterial agent.
Partially adaptive beamforming for correlated interference rejection (1995)

Conventional linearly constrained adaptive beamformers often suffer from severe signal cancellation in the presence of interferers correlated with the signal. We propose a partially adaptive beamforming technique for correlated interference rejection in broadband signal environments. The beamformer output mean squared error is decomposed into an interference mean squared error term and an additional signal cancellation term that is due to the presence of correlated interference. Both mean squared errors depend on the adaptation space. The partially adaptive beamforming technique proposed here chooses an adaptation space which results in little signal cancellation while maintaining satisfactory interference cancellation. It is shown that, for a given interference scenario, a partially adaptive beamformer can be designed such that maximum interference cancellation is achieved without any signal cancellation. In practice, an approximate design procedure is provided to accommodate a set of likely interference scenarios. Analysis of the feasibility of this approach is presented. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated through examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Pooled Analysis of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group and Intergroup Trials of Adjuvant High-Dose Interferon for Melanoma (2004)

In patients with high-risk resected melanoma, HDI is effective adjuvant therapy with strong evidence for improved RFS and evidence for moderate improvement in OS based on two prospective randomized studies but not the pooled analysis. Analyses of predictors of relapse and response are now needed to improve the therapeutic value of this modality.
Construction of plasmids carrying the cI gene of bacteriophage lambda. (1976)

By techniques of recombination in vitro, we have constructed a plasmid bearing the repressor gene (cI) of bacteriophage lambda fused to the promoter of the lac operon. Strains carrying this plasmid overproduce lambda repressor. This functional cI gene was reconstituted by joining DNA fragments bearing different parts of that gene. Flush end fusion techniques, involving no sequence overlap, were necessary for the construction; in certain cases, the abutting of the DNA molecules bearing ends generated by different restriction endonucleases creates a sequence at the junction which is recognized by one of the restriction endonucleases.
Cloning and expression of the gene for hydroxypyruvate reductase (d‐glycerate dehydrogenase from an obligate methylotroph Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2 (1994)

The gene encoding hydroxypyruvate reductase, catalyzing the asymmetric reduction of hydroxypyruvate to D-glycerate, and its flanking regions were isolated from a methylotrophic bacterium, Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2. Nucleotide sequencing of the recombinant plasmids revealed that the hydroxypyruvate-reductase gene codes for the 322-amino-acid protein with calculated molecular mass 35,726 Da. The sequence was confirmed by sequencing the intact enzyme and peptides obtained by digestion of the enzyme with Achromobacter proteinase I. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme showed similarity to members of the D-isomer-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. The recombinant plasmid, which was constructed by ligation of the cloned gene and an expression vector pKK223-3, was introduced into Escherichia coli HB101. The recombinant enzyme purified from the transformed E. coli cells was indistinguishable from the enzyme isolated from H. methylovorum GM2 by immunological and enzymological analyses.
Human dominant‐negative class II transactivator transgenic pigs – effect on the human anti‐pig T‐cell immune response and immune status (2013)

Swine leucocyte antigen (SLA) class II molecules on porcine (p) cells play a crucial role in xenotransplantation as activators of recipient human CD4(+) T cells. A human dominant-negative mutant class II transactivator (CIITA-DN) transgene under a CAG promoter with an endothelium-specific Tie2 enhancer was constructed. CIITA-DN transgenic pigs were produced by nuclear transfer/embryo transfer. CIITA-DN pig cells were evaluated for expression of SLA class II with/without activation, and the human CD4(+) T-cell response to cells from CIITA-DN and wild-type (WT) pigs was compared. Lymphocyte subset numbers and T-cell function in CIITA-DN pigs were compared with those in WT pigs. The expression of SLA class II on antigen-presenting cells from CIITA-DN pigs was significantly reduced (40-50% reduction compared with WT; P < 0·01), and was completely suppressed on aortic endothelial cells (AECs) even after activation (100% suppression; P < 0·01). The human CD4(+) T-cell response to CIITA-DN pAECs was significantly weaker than to WT pAECs (60-80% suppression; P < 0·01). Although there was a significantly lower frequency of CD4(+) cells in the PBMCs from CIITA-DN (20%) than from WT (30%) pigs (P < 0·01), T-cell proliferation was similar, suggesting no significant immunological compromise. Organs and cells from CIITA-DN pigs should be partially protected from the human cellular immune response.
Pharmacological immunosuppression in clinical organ grafting. Observations on four agents: cyclosporin A, Asta 5122 (cytimun), lambda carrageenan and promethazine hydrochloride. (1979)

In this article I have attempted to summarize experiments on four agents investigated for immunosuppressive activity in experimental and clinical organ grafting. The difficulty of finding a suitable laboratory model relevant to man has been demonstrated in this experience. A cyclophosphamide-derivative, Asta-5122 (cytimun), has only a marginally superior immunosuppressive activity in a dog with a renal allograft compared with cyclophosphamide and is much inferior to azathioprine. This agent, however, appears to be valuable in clinical practice in patients with liver grafts. A combination of lambda carrageenan, promethazine hydrochloride and imuran has profound immunosuppressive activity in the same canine model, but proved to be both ineffective and potentially toxic in a limited trial in man. The fungal cyclic peptide, cyclosporin A, has been shown to be an extremely powerful immunosuppressive agent and remarkably non-toxic in dogs with renal allografts and pigs with orthotopic heart grafts. This agent is currently being investigated as an immunosuppressant in patients with organ grafts.
Use of a fluorogenic probe in a PCR-based assay for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes (1995)

A PCR-based assay for Listeria monocytogenes that uses the hydrolysis of an internal fluorogenic probe to monitor the amplification of the target has been formatted. The fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR assay takes advantage of the endogenous 5' --> 3' nuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase to digest a probe which is labelled with two fluorescent dyes and hybridizes to the amplicon during PCR. When the probe is intact, the two fluorophores interact such that the emission of the reporter dye is quenched. During amplification, the probe is hydrolyzed, relieving the quenching of the reporter and resulting in an increase in its fluorescence intensity. This change in reporter dye fluorescence is quantitative for the amount of PCR product and, under appropriate conditions, for the amount of template. We have applied the fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR assay to detect L. monocytogenes, using an 858-bp amplicon of hemolysin (hlyA) as the target. Maximum sensitivity was achieved by evaluating various fluorogenic probes and then optimizing the assay components and cycling parameters. With crude cell lysates, the total assay could be completed in 3 h with a detection limit of approximately 50 CFU. Quantification was linear over a range of 5 x 10(1) to 5 x 10(5) CFU.
Xenogeneic Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Humanized NSG and NSG-HLA-A2/HHD Mice (2018)

Despite the increasing use of humanized mouse models to study new approaches of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention, the pathogenesis of xenogeneic GVHD (xGVHD) in these models remains misunderstood. The aim of this study is to describe this pathogenesis in NOD/LtSz-Prkdc<sup>scid</sup>IL2rγ<sup>tm1Wjl</sup> (NSG) mice infused with human PBMCs and to assess the impact of the expression of HLA-A0201 by NSG mice cells (NSG-HLA-A2/HHD mice) on xGVHD and graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effects, by taking advantage of next-generation technologies. We found that T cells recovered from NSG mice after transplantation had upregulated expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, as well as in TCR, co-stimulatory, IL-2/STAT5, mTOR and Aurora kinase A pathways. T cells had mainly an effector memory or an effector phenotype and exhibited a Th1/Tc1-skewed differentiation. TCRβ repertoire diversity was markedly lower both in the spleen and lungs (a xGVHD target organ) than at infusion. There was no correlation between the frequencies of specific clonotypes at baseline and in transplanted mice. Finally, expression of HLA-A0201 by NSG mice led to more severe xGVHD and enhanced GvL effects toward HLA-A2<sup>+</sup> leukemic cells. Altogether our data demonstrate that the pathogenesis of xGVHD shares important features with human GVHD and that NSG-HLA-A2/HHD mice could serve as better model to study GVHD and GvL effects.
Memory hierarchy reconfiguration for energy and performance in general-purpose processor architectures (2000)

Conventional microarchitectures choose a single memory hierarchy design point targeted at the average application. In this paper, we propose a cache and TLB layout and design that leverages repeater insertion to provide dynamic low-cost configurability trading off size and speed on a per application phase basis. A novel configuration management algorithm dynamically detects phase changes and reacts to an application's hit and miss intolerance in order to improve memory hierarchy performance while taking energy consumption into consideration. When applied to a two-level cache and TLB hierarchy at 0.1 m technology, the result is an average 15% reduction in cycles per instruction (CPI), corresponding to an average 27% reduction in memory-CPI, across a broad class of applications compared to the best conventional two-level hierarchy of comparable size. Projecting to sub-.1 m technology design considerations that call for a three-level conventional cache hierarchy for performance reasons, we demonstrate that a configurable L2/L3 cache hierarchy coupled with a conventional L1 results in an average 43% reduction in memory hierarchy energy in addition to improved performance.
Molecular and biological changes in the cold-adapted "master strain" A/AA/6/60 (H2N2) influenza virus. (1993)

The live cold-adapted (ca) A/AA/6/60 influenza vaccine is being commercially developed for worldwide use in children and is being used as a model for other live vaccines. Although it has been proven safe and immunogenic, the molecular basis of cold adaptation has never been determined. To identify sequence changes responsible for cold adaptation, we have compared the sequence of the master ca vaccine strain to its progenitor wild-type virus, wt A/AA/6/60 E2 (wt2). Only 4 nt differences encoding 2 aa differences were found in three gene segments. Computer-predicted RNA folds project different secondary structures between the ca and wt2 molecules based on the two silent differences between them. Genes coding for the acidic polymerase, matrix, and nonstructural proteins are identical between the two viruses. The few differences found in the ca A/AA/6/60 virus after its long stepwise passage at 25 degrees C in primary chicken kidney cells suggest that cold adaptation resulted in greater genetic stability for the highly variable RNA genome.
Highly Practical Methodology for the Synthesis ofd- andl-α-Amino Acids,N-Protected α-Amino Acids, andN-Methyl-α-amino Acids (1997)

Full details are provided for an exceedingly practical method to synthesize d- and l-α-amino acids, N-protected α-amino acids, and N-methyl-α-amino acids, employing as a key step the asymmetric alkylation of pseudoephedrine glycinamide (1) or pseudoephedrine sarcosinamide (2). Practical procedures for the synthesis of 1 and 2 from pseudoephedrine and glycine methyl ester or sarcosine methyl ester, respectively, are presented. Optimum protocols for the enolization and subsequent alkylation of 1 and 2 are described. Alkylation reactions of 1 and 2 are found to be quite efficient with a wide range of alkyl halide substrates, and the products are formed with high diastereoselectivity. The products of these alkylation reactions are hydrolyzed efficiently and with little to no racemization simply by heating in water or water−dioxane mixtures. This protocol provides an exceedingly practical method for the preparation of salt-free α-amino acids of high enantiomeric purity. Alternatively, the alkylation products may be hydrolyzed in high yield and with little to no racemization by heating with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The alkaline hydrolyzate can then be treated with an acylating reagent to provide directly highly enantiomerically enriched N-protected derivatives such as N-Boc and N-Fmoc. Key features necessary for the successful execution of these experimental procedures are identified.
Characterization of the upp gene encoding uracil phosphoribosyltransferase of Escherichia coli K12 (1992)

The upp gene coding for uracil phosphoribosyltransferase was subcloned on a 5-kb EcoRI restriction fragment along with the purMN operon. By a combination of complementation, deletion and minicell analyses, the upp gene was located adjacent to and divergently transcribed from the purMN operon. All three gene products could be identified in minicell extracts. The cloned upp gene shows an elevated expression upon uracil starvation. The nucleotide sequence and transcription start of the gene were determined. The sequence yields an open reading frame of 624 nucleotides encoding a protein of 22.5 kDa which is in agreement with the previously determined subunit Mr of the purified enzyme. A putative 5-phosphoribosyl-alpha-1-diphosphate (PRPP) binding site has been identified which is similar to the PRPP binding site of the yeast uracil phosphoribosyltransferase.