gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aperture-scanning Fourier ptychography for 3D refocusing and super-resolution macroscopic imaging (2014)

We report an imaging scheme, termed aperture-scanning Fourier ptychography, for 3D refocusing and super-resolution macroscopic imaging. The reported scheme scans an aperture at the Fourier plane of an optical system and acquires the corresponding intensity images of the object. The acquired images are then synthesized in the frequency domain to recover a high-resolution complex sample wavefront; no phase information is needed in the recovery process. We demonstrate two applications of the reported scheme. In the first example, we use an aperture-scanning Fourier ptychography platform to recover the complex hologram of extended objects. The recovered hologram is then digitally propagated into different planes along the optical axis to examine the 3D structure of the object. We also demonstrate a reconstruction resolution better than the detector pixel limit (i.e., pixel super-resolution). In the second example, we develop a camera-scanning Fourier ptychography platform for super-resolution macroscopic imaging. By simply scanning the camera over different positions, we bypass the diffraction limit of the photographic lens and recover a super-resolution image of an object placed at the far field. This platform's maximum achievable resolution is ultimately determined by the camera's traveling range, not the aperture size of the lens. The FP scheme reported in this work may find applications in 3D object tracking, synthetic aperture imaging, remote sensing, and optical/electron/X-ray microscopy.
Through-bond modulation of N→B ring formation shown by NMR and X-ray diffraction studies of borate derivatives of pyridyl alcohols (1992)

The preparation of diphenyl(2-pyridylmethoxy-O,N)borane (2a), diphenyl[1-(2-pyridyl)ethoxy-O,N]borane (2b), diphenyl[α-(2-pyridylbenzyloxy-O,N)]borane (2c), diphenyl[2-(2-pyridyl)ethoxy-O,N]borane (4), benzene-1,2-diyldioxy(2-pyridylmethoxy-O,N)borane (5) and benzene-1,2-diyldioxy[2-(2-pyridyl)ethoxy-O,N]borane (6) is reported. The cyclic structures 2a and 4 were established by X-ray diffraction studies, the N→B bond distance being 1.642 Å for 2a and 1.685 Å for 4. Complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 2a–c and 4 was achieved from two dimensional HETCOR data. Additional evidence for the strength of the five- and six-membered rings in boron esters was obtained from variable-temperature measurements which show partial ring opening for the six-membered ring compounds at 180 °C. The observation that five-membered rings are more stable than six-membered ones is attributed to sigma-assistance by through-bond interactions.
Phage display for the production of human monoclonal antibodies against human pathogens. (2004)

In the last decade an increasing number of antibodies have made their way from the research benchtops into the clinics and many more are currently under clinical trial. Among monoclonal antibody-producing techniques, phage-display is undoubtedly the most effective and versatile. Cloning of the entire humoral repertoire derived from an infected patients into a phage display vector allows not only the simple generation of monoclonal antibodies of desired specificity, but also the molecular dissection of the antibody response itself. Generation of large panels of human monoclonal antibodies against human pathogens could open new perspectives in understanding the interplay between the infectious agent and the infected host providing tools for the prevention and the therapy of human communicable diseases. In this paper the basic principles of the phage-display approach as well as its most recent applications are reviewed.
Systemic inflammatory profile and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012)

A robust systemic inflammatory profile was associated with COPD. This profile was generally independent of disease severity. Because anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha did not influence systemic inflammation, how to control the underlying pathology beyond symptom suppression remains unclear.
[Effects of soybean isoflavone on born metabolism and morphology in animal model of osteoporosis rats]. (2007)

There should be effects of high dose SI on bone metabolism and morphology in animal model of osteoporosis rats. Serum AKP enzyme activity and bone density should have significantly recovered, the serum level of calcium and phosphorus were maintained after high dose intervened but no significant effects for low dose of SI.
Computation of Path Constrained Time Optimal Motions With Dynamic Singularities (1992)

An algorithm for computing the time optimal motions of robotic manipulators along specified paths is presented which accounts for singular points and arcs, at which one actuator does not contribute to the acceleration along the path. It is proven that the optimal trajectory is extremal in the acceleration along the path at all times except at singular points and arcs where it maximizes the feasible velocity along the path. This algorithm is robust to path variations unlike the original methods (Bobrow et al., 1985; Shin and McKay, 1984) that fail at singular points. The algorithm is demonstrated for a two-link planar manipulator to produce smooth controls along singular arcs.
Overview of Existing Routing Protocols for Low Power and Lossy Networks (2007)

Networks of low power wireless devices introduce novel IP routing
issues. Low-power wireless devices, such as sensors, actuators and
smart objects, have difficult constraints: very limited memory,
little processing power, and long sleep periods. As most of these
devices are battery-powered, energy efficiency is critically
important. Wireless link qualities can vary significantly over time,
requiring protocols to make agile decisions yet minimize topology
change energy costs. Such low power and lossy networks (L2Ns) have
routing requirements that existing mesh protocols only partially
address. This document provides a brief survey of the strengths and
weaknesses of existing protocols with respect to L2Ns. It provides
guidance on how lessons from existing and prior efforts can be
leveraged in future protocol design.
Structural Studies on Bioactive Compounds. 23. Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated 2-Phenylbenzothiazoles and a Comparison of their Cytotoxicities and Pharmacological Properties with Genistein and Quercetin (1994)

A series of polyhydroxylated 2-phenylbenzothiazoles 3 has been prepared by demethylation of the precursor methoxylated 2-phenylbenzothiazoles 9. The key step in the construction of the benzothiazole nucleus involves a Jacobson cyclization of methoxylated thiobenzanilides 8. The target compounds inhibit WiDr human colon tumor cells and MCF-7 human mammary tumor cells in vitro with IC50 values in the low micromolar range, but the activity against MCF-7 cells is not related to estrogen receptor-binding affinity. None of the compounds showed selective cytotoxicity against Abelson virus-transformed ANN-1 cells encoded with the pp120gag-abl tyrosine kinase compared with the parental 3T3 line. Compounds were only marginally inhibitory to the EGF receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinase from a membrane preparation of A431 cells. The most active compound was 4,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (3b) which has the same overall hydroxyl substitution pattern as genistein (1a). The compounds were weakly cytotoxic for an EGF receptor, overexpressing cell line HN5, but when tested for differential toxicity against the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase or the PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase in a standard mitogenesis assay utilizing human fibroblasts, no discrimination was observed. In this assay, the compounds inhibited DNA synthesis when added to cells during S phase. This suggests that inhibition could not be interpreted in terms of tyrosine kinase inactivation but more likely as a relatively broad specificity for the ATP-binding domain of other kinases such as thymidine kinase.
SenSprout (2012)

In this paper we show a low cost and environmentally friendly fabrication for an agricultural sensing application. An antenna, a soil moisture sensor, and a leaf wetness sensor are inkjet-printed on paper substrate. A microprocessor attached to the paper substrate is capable of detecting the capacitance change on the surface of the sensor, and report the data over the wireless communication interface. This sensing system is useful to optimize irrigation systems.
In-Situ Formation of Proppant and Highly Permeable Blocks for Hydraulic Fracturing (2015)

Abstract Proppants are used to keep hydraulic fractures open, allowing for reservoir fluids to flow back after external pressure is withdrawn. Proppants are carried by the hydraulic fracturing fluid containing multiple components such as polymers, breakers, or friction reducing agent. These proppant systems have certain disadvantages such as formation and fracture permeability damage due to the viscous gel residue, risk of early screen-out and reduced effective propped area due to proppant excessive leakoff or settling, and abrasion to the pumping equipment and tubular. Acid fracturing is another fracturing technique. It is used in carbonate reservoirs, in which the acid etches the fracture faces to create conductive path. The drawbacks of acid fracturing include short acid etch length due to rapid acid-carbonate rock reaction rate and corrosion to the tubular. The oil and gas industry has been relying on these hydraulic fracturing techniques to proliferate production from low permeability reservoirs, and has made significantly advancement in tools and chemicals used in the fracturing processes. However, the maximized production and recovery is still unattainable due to the reasons mentioned above. This paper discusses a novel chemical compositions and process to overcome the challenges encountered by the current fracturing techniques. The goal is to convert injected fracturing fluid into a highly permeable proppant pack in-situ. Since the fracturing fluid itself forms the proppant, it can penetrate the entire fracture length, height, and complex network, maximizing the effective fracture area and stimulated reservoir volume. The rendered particle size can be significantly larger than conventional proppants without the concern of screen-out. The in-situ formed proppants have strength sufficient to resist fracture closure stress. In addition, no polymer is required to suspend the proppant; therefore no gel residue will be left to damage fracture conductivity. Though it is in its preliminary development stage, interesting and encouraging test results have been obtained. Formulations, photos, and mechanical properties of in-situ generated proppants will be presented in this paper.
Myelin Basic Protein Gene and the Function of Antisense RNA in Its Repression in Myelin‐Deficient Mutant Mouse (1991)

The myelin-deficient (mld) mouse is an autosomal recessive mutant characterized by hypomyelination of the CNS due to reduced expression of the myelin basic protein (MBP) gene. In the mld mutant, the MBP gene is duplicated in tandem. One gene is intact, but a large portion is inverted upstream of the other copy, and its transcription yields the antisense RNA. This antisense RNA was shown to be localized in the nucleus and to form an RNA:RNA duplex with sense RNA. These findings suggested that inhibition of transport from the nucleus or selective degradation of the duplex is responsible for the reduced expression of the MBP gene in the mld mutant. The mechanism of gene rearrangement at the MBP locus was also characterized. Cosmid clones encompassing whole MBP gene loci from control and mld genomic DNA libraries were isolated. The recombination points indicated that the duplication and inversion observed in mld occurred due to nonhomologous recombination.
Enhanced Growth of Preterm Infants Fed a New Powdered Human Milk Fortifier: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (2000)

A new powdered HMF was shown to enhance the growth of preterm infants, compared with a commercially available powdered HMF in the United States.
Rhodium(I)- and iridium(I)-catalyzed hydroboration reactions: scope and synthetic applications (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRhodium(I)- and iridium(I)-catalyzed hydroboration reactions: scope and synthetic applicationsDavid A. Evans, Gregory C. Fu, and Amir H. HoveydaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 17, 6671–6679Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00043a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4488Altmetric-Citations245LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Browning the Green Agenda -Understanding Indian Solar Policy through Local Sustainability Perspective (2014)

Dynamics of change in Indian energy sector is marked by policy mediated scaling up of renewable energy technologies (RETs) for power generation in the country. The existing paradigm for RET scale up in India is targeted to conform with global green agenda of rapid capacity scale aimed at climate change mitigation efforts thus showing no differentiation for various socio economic, political and infrastructural concerns existing under Indian panorama i.e. the brown agenda’s. Being a tropical country India is endowed with high solar insolation ideal for solar based energy generation therefore Government of India has recently launched an ambitious program i.e. Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNSSM) targeted at massive scale up of solar based power generation capacities (20 Giga watts by the year 2022) in the country. The prevailing conditions of energy poverty, climate change vulnerabilities and high population growth rates in India warrant that policy incentives for scaling up solar installations fulfill multiple goals. Thus, the current trend of steep reduction in solar installation costs and rapid increase in efficiencies of solar power generation may not be enough for attaining effective energy sustainability transitions in a country where power supply is an inextricable socio-political issue. This article systematically analyses current solar policy implementation in India under triple bottom line of economic, social and environmental implications emphasizing on a need for inclusiveness in terms of local concerns and feasibility while formulating renewable energy policies in developing countries.
Swimming bacteria power microscopic gears (2009)

Whereas the laws of thermodynamics prohibit extraction of useful work from the Brownian motion of particles in equilibrium, these motions can be "rectified" under nonequilibrium conditions, for example, in the presence of asymmetric geometrical obstacles. Here, we describe a class of systems in which aerobic bacteria Bacillus subtilis moving randomly in a fluid film power submillimeter gears and primitive systems of gears decorated with asymmetric teeth. The directional rotation is observed only in the regime of collective bacterial swimming and the gears' angular velocities depend on and can be controlled by the amount of oxygen available to the bacteria. The ability to harness and control the power of collective motions appears an important requirement for further development of mechanical systems driven by microorganisms.
Epiregulin (1995)

Epiregulin, a novel epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related growth regulating peptide, was purified from conditioned medium of the mouse fibroblast-derived tumor cell line NIH3T3/clone T7. It was a 46-amino-acid single chain polypeptide, and its amino acid sequence exhibited 24-50% amino acid sequence identity with sequences of other EGF-related growth factors. Epiregulin exhibited bifunctional regulatory properties: it inhibited the growth of several epithelial tumor cells and stimulated the growth of fibroblasts and various other types of cells. Epiregulin bound to the EGF receptors of epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells much more weakly than did EGF, but was nevertheless much more potent than EGF as a mitogen for rat primary hepatocytes and Balb/c 3T3 A31 fibroblasts. These findings suggest that epiregulin plays important roles in regulating the growth of epithelial cells and fibroblasts by binding to receptors for EGF-related ligands.
Immotile Sperm and Infertility in Mice Lacking Mitochondrial Voltage-dependent Anion Channel Type 3 (2001)

Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs), also known as mitochondrial porins, are small channel proteins involved in the translocation of metabolites across the mitochondrial outer membrane. A single channel-forming protein is found in yeast, whereas higher eukaryotes express multiple VDACs, with humans and mice each harboring three distinct channels (VDAC1-3) encoded by separate genes. To begin to assess the functions of each of the three isoforms, the VDAC3 gene was inactivated by targeted disruption in embryonic stem cells. Here we show that mice lacking VDAC3 are healthy, but males are infertile. Although there are normal sperm numbers, the sperm exhibit markedly reduced motility. Structural defects were found in two-thirds of epididymal axonemes, with the most common abnormality being loss of a single microtubule doublet at a conserved position within the axoneme. In testicular sperm, the defect was only rarely observed, suggesting that instability of a normally formed axoneme occurs with sperm maturation. In contrast, tracheal epithelial cilia showed no structural abnormalities. In addition, skeletal muscle mitochondria were abnormally shaped, and activities of the respiratory chain complexes were reduced. These results demonstrate that axonemal defects may be caused by associated nonaxonemal components such as mitochondrial channels and illustrate that normal mitochondrial function is required for stability of the axoneme.
Design of enterprise-wide secure networked system (2002)

As applications become more distributed, the design and management of security services play an increasingly significant role. Furthermore the need to integrate security management with network and system management to provide a uniform view to the system manager is becoming critical in an enterprise. The paper describes the design and the provision of services for securing the management of enterprise wide networked systems. It presents the architectural principles involved, the design of security services, and the trusted components and the protocols that provide these services. The design is illustrated using a distributed management application example.
DYRK family of protein kinases: evolutionary relationships, biochemical properties, and functional roles (2010)

Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases (DYRKs) comprise a family of protein kinases within the CMGC group of the eukaryotic kinome. Members of the DYRK family are found in 4 (animalia, plantae, fungi, and protista) of the 5 main taxa or kingdoms, and all DYRK proteins studied to date share common structural, biochemical, and functional properties with their ancestors in yeast. Recent work on DYRK proteins indicates that they participate in several signaling pathways critical for developmental processes and cell homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the DYRK family of proteins from an evolutionary, biochemical, and functional point of view and discuss the most recent, relevant, and controversial contributions to the study of these kinases.
Dendrimers with Hydrophobic Cores and the Formation of Supramolecular Dendrimer−Surfactant Assemblies (1997)

The structure of a series of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers Gn(C12) generated from a diaminododecane core have been investigated using the photophysical properties of an external dye, nile red. The modified dendrimers Gn(C12) show the ability to host the hydrophobic dye, nile red, in aqueous solution. The ability of Gn(C12) to host nile red has been compared to corresponding amino-core Gn(NH3) and diaminoethane-core Gn(C2) dendrimers of the same generation size. The emission of nile red in aqueous media is significantly enhanced in the presence of Gn(C12) and not at all for Gn(NH3) and Gn(C2). These results imply a strong tendency for the nile red probe to associate with the long methylene chain of the modified dendrimers in aqueous solutions. Moreover, the interactions of these dendrimers with anionic surfactants generate supramolecular assemblies which greatly enhance their ability to accomodate the nile red. Fluorescence polarization and emission as a function of pH were also studied in an effort to elucidate the interaction of the nile red probe with the dendrimer−surfactant assemblies.
Many si/shRNAs can kill cancer cells by targeting multiple survival genes through an off-target mechanism (2017)

Over 80% of multiple-tested siRNAs and shRNAs targeting CD95 or CD95 ligand (CD95L) induce a form of cell death characterized by simultaneous activation of multiple cell death pathways preferentially killing transformed and cancer stem cells. We now show these si/shRNAs kill cancer cells through canonical RNAi by targeting the 3'UTR of critical survival genes in a unique form of off-target effect we call DISE (death induced by survival gene elimination). Drosha and Dicer-deficient cells, devoid of most miRNAs, are hypersensitive to DISE, suggesting cellular miRNAs protect cells from this form of cell death. By testing 4666 shRNAs derived from the CD95 and CD95L mRNA sequences and an unrelated control gene, Venus, we have identified many toxic sequences - most of them located in the open reading frame of CD95L. We propose that specific toxic RNAi-active sequences present in the genome can kill cancer cells.