gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of intramuscular alfaxalone and ketamine combined with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol for castration in cats (2016)

Objectives Cardiorespiratory parameters and anaesthesia quality in cats anaesthetised with either intramuscular (IM) alfaxalone or ketamine both combined with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol for castration were evaluated. Methods Thirty-two client-owned cats were randomly assigned to receive either alfaxalone (A; 3 mg/kg IM) or ketamine (K; 5 mg/kg IM), combined with dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (T°) were recorded prior to drug administration. Pulse rate (PR) and RR were recorded 10 (T<sub>10</sub>) and 15 (T<sub>15</sub>) mins after injection (T<sub>0</sub>). Cardiorespiratory values (PR, RR, SPO<sub>2</sub>, blood pressure, P<sub>E</sub>'CO<sub>2</sub>) were recorded every 5 mins for the duration of the procedure. Pain at injection, intubation and recovery were evaluated with simple descriptive scores. Feasibility of anaesthesia was evaluated by the number of top-ups of anaesthetic needed. Cat attitude, ability to walk and presence of ataxia were assessed several times after extubation (T<sub>exmin</sub>) and the time between injection and extubation recorded. Pain was assessed at T<sub>ex120</sub> and T<sub>ex240</sub> with the 4Avet-pain score. Results The RR was significantly lower in group K at T<sub>10</sub> (RR<sub>K</sub> = 28 ±13.35 breaths per minute [brpm], RR<sub>A</sub>= 43.24 ±7.04 brpm) and T<sub>15</sub> (RR<sub>K</sub> = 28 ±11.53 brpm vs RR<sub>A</sub> = 43 ±12.18 brpm). Time to extubation was significantly longer in group A (T<sub>A</sub> = 62 ±14.6 mins, T<sub>K</sub> = 45.13 ± 7.38 mins). Cats in group K needed more top-ups, were more ataxic at T<sub>ex120</sub>, had a worse recovery score at T<sub>ex60</sub> and were less willing to walk at T<sub>ex30</sub>. Conclusions and relevance Cats receiving alfaxalone had a longer but better quality recovery. Cardiorespiratory parameters were stable and within clinically acceptable values following IM injection of either alfaxalone or ketamine in healthy cats. Intramuscular alfaxalone is a suitable alternative to ketamine for short procedures requiring anaesthesia when used in combination with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol.
Operation of a 10 kW PV facade with 100 W AC photovoltaic modules (1996)

Modular design of photovoltaic systems has a great significance in the built environment as well as for private customers. Several approaches of PV modules with integrated small inverters (AC modules) have been discussed in the past. ZSW developed AC-modules for an industrial company, which are in the meantime commercially available. For the first time a PV plant on the basis of only AC modules was put into operation. The 10 kW PV plant was realized with 102 AC modules in the facade of a mechanical multi-storey car park of a private investor. This contribution summarizes experiences with realization, installation and start of operation of the PV facade with AC modules. AC modules minimize losses due partial shading in comparison to a conventional plant layout. With a low cost interface and built-in data acquisition functions in each inverter, plant behaviour can be controlled in detail.
Notch1b and neuregulin are required for specification of central cardiac conduction tissue (2006)

Normal heart function is critically dependent on the timing and coordination provided by a complex network of specialized cells: the cardiac conduction system. We have employed functional assays in zebrafish to explore early steps in the patterning of the conduction system that previously have been inaccessible. We demonstrate that a ring of atrioventricular conduction tissue develops at 40 hours post-fertilization in the zebrafish heart. Analysis of the mutant cloche reveals a requirement for endocardial signals in the formation of this tissue. The differentiation of these specialized cells, unlike that of adjacent endocardial cushions and valves, is not dependent on blood flow or cardiac contraction. Finally, both neuregulin and notch1b are necessary for the development of atrioventricular conduction tissue. These results are the first demonstration of the endocardial signals required for patterning central ;slow' conduction tissue, and they reveal the operation of distinct local endocardial-myocardial interactions within the developing heart tube.
Charge separation and transport in conjugated-polymer/semiconductor-nanocrystal composites studied by photoluminescence quenching and photoconductivity (1996)

We study the processes of charge separation and transport in composite materials formed by mixing cadmium selenide or cadmium sulfide nanocrystals with the conjugated polymer poly(2-methoxy,5-(2\ensuremath{'}-ethyl)-hexyloxy-$p$-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV). When the surface of the nanocrystals is treated so as to remove the surface ligand, we find that the polymer photoluminescence is quenched, consistent with rapid charge separation at the polymer/nanocrystal interface. Transmission electron microscopy of these quantum-dot/conjugated-polymer composites shows clear evidence for phase segregation with length scales in the range 10-200 nm, providing a large area of interface for charge separation to occur. Thin-film photovoltaic devices using the composite materials show quantum efficiencies that are significantly improved over those for pure polymer devices, consistent with improved charge separation. At high concentrations of nanocrystals, where both the nanocrystal and polymer components provide continuous pathways to the electrodes, we find quantum efficiencies of up to 12%. We describe a simple model to explain the recombination in these devices, and show how the absorption, charge separation, and transport properties of the composites can be controlled by changing the size, material, and surface ligands of the nanocrystals.
IL-2 in combination with IFN-αand 5-FU versus tamoxifen in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: long-term results of a controlled randomized clinical trial (2001)

We conducted a prospectively randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous interferon-alpha2a, subcutaneous interleukin-2 and intravenous 5-fluorouracil as home therapy against oral tamoxifen in 78 patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Treatment courses consisted of interferon-alpha2a 5 x 10(6) IU m(-2), day 1 weeks 1 + 4; days 1, 3, 5 weeks 2 + 3; 10 x 10(6) IU m(-2), days 1, 3, 5 weeks 5-8; interleukin-2 10 x 10(6) IU m(-2), twice daily days 3-5 weeks 1 + 4; 5 x 10(6) IU m(-2), days 1, 3, 5 weeks 2 + 3; and 5-fluorouracil 1000 mg m(-2), day 1 weeks 5-8. The tamoxifen group received tamoxifen 80 mg twice daily over 8 weeks. Among 41 patients treated with interleukin-2, interferon-alpha2a and 5-fluorouracil there were 7 complete (17.1%) and 9 partial responders (21.9%), with an overall objective response rate of 39.1% (95% CI, 24.2-55.5). An additional 15 patients (36.6%) were stable throughout therapy. The overall survival was 24 months (range 5-76+). In 37 patients receiving tamoxifen no objective remissions occurred. 13 patients (35.1%) had stable disease and 24 patients (64.9%) showed continued disease progression. The overall survival was 13 months (range 3-73+). In summary, this home-based therapy regimen of interferon-alpha2a, interleukin-2 and 5-fluorouracil demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in patients with progressive renal cell carcinoma when compared to hormonal therapy.
Land mobile satellites using the highly elliptic orbits-the UK T-SAT mobile payload (1988)

The authors look at the use of highly elliptic orbits for a European LMS service, which will give improved elevation coverage and reduced fade-margins and possibly allow economic services to be provided by the mid 1990's with conventional technology. The ability of such systems to also cover the polar regions have possible applications for land, maritime and aeronautical systems. >
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazolo(1,5‐b) (1,2)benzisothiazoles. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Programmed cell death in peripheral lymphocytes from HIV-infected persons: increased susceptibility to apoptosis of CD4 and CD8 T cells correlates with lymphocyte activation and with disease progression (1996)

We analyzed the potential causes of the increased susceptibility to apoptosis of peripheral lymphocytes from a large cohort of HIV-infected persons that we followed during a 3-yr period. By using quantitative cytofluorometric methods, we demonstrate that all lymphocyte populations were contributing proportionally to the apoptotic population in both groups of donors, but the percentage of T and B cells involved in this cell death process was significantly increased in HIV-infected persons. To study the relationship between the increased apoptosis in HIV infection and the activation state of the immune system, we analyzed cell surface expression of activation markers on apoptotic and nonapoptotic cells. We found that in the chronic phase of HIV infection, 50 to 60% of the apoptotic cells exhibited an activated phenotype (they were HLA-DR+, CD38+, CD45RO+, and Fas+), and interestingly, the CD45RO+ subset appeared to be more prone to apoptosis in HIV-positive persons. This study also indicates that the activated phenotype found on apoptotic cells was not a distinctive feature of patients' lymphocytes since it was in similar proportion in apoptotic cells from control lymphocytes. However, a significant correlation was found between the intensity of anti-CD3-induced apoptosis in both CD4 and CD8 T cells from HIV-infected persons and their in vivo expression of CD45RO and HLA-DR molecules. Finally, a significant correlation was found between the intensity of spontaneous or anti-CD3-induced apoptosis in total lymphocytes and disease progression; this was confirmed when the CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets were analyzed separately. Altogether these observations indicate that the increased susceptibility to apoptosis of peripheral T cells from HIV-infected persons correlates with disease progression and support the hypothesis that the chronic activation of the immune system occurring throughout HIV infection is the primary mechanism responsible for this cell deletion process.
Development of optimized vectors for gene therapy (1999)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Computer Discrimination of Atrial Fibrillation and Regular Atrial Rhythms from Intra‐Atrial Electrograms (1988)

Reliable detection of atrial fibrillation from intra-atrial data is an important requirement for automatic implantable anti-tachycardia devices. Simultaneous filtered and unfiltered intra-atrial electrograms were recorded from patients in regular rhythms (12 sinus rhythms and six regular atrial tachycardias) and atrial fibrillation (nine rhythms). Each rhythm was broken down into consecutive 4-second data segments for analysis by atrial rate calculation, power spectrum analysis and amplitude probability density function generation. Significant differences were found between regular rhythms and atrial fibrillation for atrial rate, for the percentage of the total power in the 4-9 hertz band and for amplitude probability density close to the isoelectric region. There was no overlap for any of these three parameters. For each method of analysis, algorithms were generated to discriminate individual data segments from regular rhythms and atrial fibrillation with high sensitivity and specificity. Comparable results were found when sinus rhythm was excluded from the analysis. Characteristics of intra-atrial recordings during atrial fibrillation were remarkably similar to previously published reports of intra-ventricular recordings during ventricular fibrillation. Each of the three methods of analysis may provide an algorithm for accurate detection of atrial fibrillation by anti-tachycardia devices.
Cerebral and Ocular Toxicity Induced by Desferrioxamine (1985)

Seven patients with rheumatoid disease were given the iron-chelating drug desferrioxamine (DFX) to evaluate its possible anti-inflammatory effects. Two of these patients, who also received the anti-emetic prochlorperazine, lost consciousness for 48-72 h and then fully recovered. Electroencephalography showed abnormalities of the type associated with metabolic disturbance. One of these patients showed pyramidal features and subsequently developed an optic neuropathy and pigmentary retinopathy. Analysis of his cerebrospinal fluid showed a decrease in loosely-bound (catalytic) iron and increase in loosely-bound (catalytic) copper, total iron and products of lipid peroxidation, with values approaching normal as the symptoms resolved. Subsequent in vivo/vitro studies clearly demonstrated that the neurological effects were due to a synergistic action of desferrioxamine and prochlorperazine, probably resulting in exceptional fluxes of intra/extra cellular iron/copper disturbing noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. Two other patients who did not receive prochlorperazine, developed retinal problems which later improved, one after only 15 g of desferrioxamine. Our observations suggest a new model for metabolic encephalopathy studies and provide insight into the mechanisms of pigmentary retinopathy.
Studies of MAL gene in human esophageal cancer by RNA in situ hybridization. (2000)

Down-regulation of MAL may be an important event in the development of esophageal cancer.
Passive IgA Monoclonal Antibody Is No More Effective Than IgG at Protecting Mice from Mucosal Challenge with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (1999)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a mucosally restricted pathogen that can cause severe respiratory disease. Although parenteral administration of sufficient RSV-specific IgG can reduce severity of lower respiratory tract infection in high-risk infants, delivery of antibody by direct airway administration is an attractive alternative. Topical and parenteral administration of an IgA monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the RSV F glycoprotein was compared with an IgG MAb, specific for the same antigenic site, for ability to protect mice against RSV infection. Administration of RSV-specific IgG was more effective in reducing RSV titers in lung (4.6 log10 pfu/g) than IgA MAb (3.6 log10 pfu/g) when given intranasally immediately prior to infection (P=.005). RSV titers in the nose were reduced only by prophylactic administration of IgG parenterally. Therefore, topical administration of IgA is no more effective than topically administered IgG and is less effective than systemically administered IgG for protecting against RSV infection.
ECG measurement on a chair without conductive contact (2006)

For the purpose of long-term, everyday electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, we present a convenient method of ECG measurement without direct conductive contact with the skin while subjects sat on a chair wearing normal clothes. Measurements were made using electrodes attached to the back of a chair, high-input-impedance amplifiers mounted on the electrodes, and a large ground-plane placed on the chair seat. ECGs were obtained by the presented method for several types of clothing and compared to ECGs obtained from conventional measurement using Ag-AgCl electrodes. Motion artifacts caused by usual desk works were investigated. This study shows the feasibility of the method for long-term, convenient, everyday use.
Current Models of Steroid Hormone Action: A Critique (1976)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Covalent Binding of Lipid to Protein (1973)

A new structure of a lipid and its covalent linkage to a protein (murein‐lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane) is described. Glycerylcysteine ( S ‐(propane‐2′,3′‐diol)‐3‐thio‐2‐aminopropanic acid) at the N‐terminal end of the polypeptide chain is the attachment site of two ester‐bound fatty acids. An additional fatty acid is bound as amide to the N‐terminal group. The diglyceride residue on the cysteine could be derived from the phospholipid pathway since the fatty acid composition is very similar to that of the phospholipids from the same cells. In contrast, 65% of the amide‐linked fatty acid is palmitate. The main fatty acids are palmitic acid (53%), cis ‐vaccenic acid (20.7%), 9,10‐methylene‐hexadecanoic acid (10.6%) and palmitoleic acid (9.4%). The structure of glycerylcysteine was established by chemical degradation of the compound containing the fatty acids, by incorporation studies of [ 35 S]sulfate, [ 35 S]cysteine, [ 14 C]cystine, [methyl‐ 3 H]methionine and [2‐ 3 H]glycerol and by chemical synthesis. Glycerylcysteine was isolated as a constituent of the peptide (Ser)‐Ser‐Am‐Ala‐Lys. The C‐terminal part of the lipopeptide sequence overlaps with the N‐terminal end of the known sequence of the polypeptide chain. Its N‐terminal position was confirmed by isolation of the N‐terminal polypeptide fragment (position 1–31) after cleavage with cyanogen bromide. This contained the lipid.
A candidate gene study reveals association between a variant of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ) gene and systemic sclerosis (2015)

A PPARG variant is associated with susceptibility to SSc, consistent with a role of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis of SSc.
A proteolytic modification of AIM promotes its renal excretion (2016)

Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM, encoded by cd5l) is a multi-functional circulating protein that has a beneficial role in the regulation of a broad range of diseases, some of which are ameliorated by AIM administration in mice. In blood, AIM is stabilized by association with IgM pentamers and maintains its high circulating levels. The mechanism regulating the excessive accumulation of blood AIM remains unknown, although it is important, since a constitutive increase in AIM levels promotes chronic inflammation. Here we found a physiological AIM-cleavage process that induces destabilization of AIM and its excretion in urine. In blood, IgM-free AIM appeared to be cleaved and reduced in size approximately 10 kDa. Cleaved AIM was unable to bind to IgM and was selectively filtered by the glomerulus, thereby excreted in urine. Amino acid substitution at the cleavage site resulted in no renal excretion of AIM. Interestingly, cleaved AIM retained a comparable potency with full-length AIM in facilitating the clearance of dead cell debris in injured kidney, which is a key response in the recovery of acute kidney injury. Identification of AIM-cleavage and resulting functional modification could be the basis for designing safe and efficient AIM therapy for various diseases.
The integrin alpha 9 beta 1 mediates cell attachment to a non-RGD site in the third fibronectin type III repeat of tenascin. (1994)

We have previously reported the sequence of the integrin alpha 9 subunit, a partner of the beta 1 subunit that is expressed in basal keratinocytes, hepatocytes, airway epithelial cells, and smooth and skeletal muscle. In the present study, we have stably expressed alpha 9 beta 1 on the surface of the human embryonic kidney cell line 293 and the human colon carcinoma cell line SW480 and used these transfected cells lines to identify ligand(s) for this integrin. Transfected cells did not appear to utilize alpha 9 beta 1 for attachment to the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, fibrinogen, thrombospondin, or type I or IV collagen. However, in contrast to mock transfectants, both 293 cells and SW480 cells expressing alpha 9 beta 1 adhered to intact chicken tenascin. By utilizing a variety of recombinant fragments of tenascin, we were able to localize the binding site for alpha 9 beta 1 to the third type III repeat. This repeat contains the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) tripeptide that has been shown to serve as a binding site in tenascin for alpha v-integrins. However, the RGD site does not appear to be the binding site for alpha 9 beta 1, as the attachment of alpha 9 transfectants to this fragment was not inhibited by RGD peptide, nor by changing the RGD site to RAD or RAA.
Separation of Arabidopsis Pollen Tetrads Is Regulated by QUARTET1, a Pectin Methylesterase Gene (2006)

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) QUARTET (QRT) genes are required for pollen separation during normal floral development. In qrt mutants, the four products of microsporogenesis remain fused and pollen grains are released as tetrads. In Arabidopsis, tetrad analysis in qrt mutants has been used to map all five centromeres, easily distinguish sporophytic from gametophytic mutations, and accurately assess crossover interference. Using a combination of forward and reverse genetics, we have identified the gene responsible for the qrt1 phenotype. Annotation predicts that QRT1 encodes a pectin methylesterase (PME), and enzymatic assays of QRT1 expressed in Escherichia coli indicate that QRT1 has PME activity. Promoter and transcription analysis demonstrate QRT1 is expressed in anther tissues shortly after meiosis is complete. Unexpectedly, the QRT1 promoter is also active in a variety of developmentally unrelated tissues, including developing guard cells, the hypocotyl-root transition zone, areas of lateral root emergence, and floral nectaries. PMEs constitute a large gene family in Arabidopsis, are involved in cell wall loosening, and have been implicated in various aspects of floral development and pollen tube elongation. The identification of QRT1 as a PME contributes to our understanding of pollen development and may help to provide valuable genetic tools in other plant species.
Fractionation and characterization of urinary heparan sulfate excreted by patients with Sanfilippo syndrome. (1984)

Urinary heparan sulfates (HS) from two siblings with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) III-B were fractionated by chromatography with Dowex 1 and Sephadex G-50. Their Mr ranged from 1600 to 8000, and 95% of them were included in the region less than 5000. Fractions with lower Mr contained larger amounts of O-and N-sulfates. The chemical analysis and deaminative cleavage of HS suggested that an intact HS molecule was composed of some blocks rich in GlcNAc and GlcUA and other blocks rich in GlcNS, IdUA and O-sulfate. GlcNAc-UA-GlcNS-UA-GlcNAc-UA-GlcNAc was found to be a major oligosaccharide of HS with Mr less than 1800. Trisaccharides, GlcNAc-GlcUA-aMan and GlcNAc-IdUA-aMan, were released from the nonreducing end of HS-oligosaccharides by deaminative cleavage. They carried 0-3 moles of ester sulfate. GlcNAc-IdUA-aMan was more sulfated than the other. The release of significant amounts of nonsulfated trisaccharide conform to the enzyme defect in this disease. Urinary HS obtained from another patient with MPS III were examined by the same way. Although the patient was not examined enzymatically, the structure of urinary GAG suggested a defect of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the patient.