gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gastric emptying in patients with insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus. (1987)

Gastric emptying of technetium labeled liquid and solid meals were studied in a group of long-standing, insulin-requiring male diabetics to evaluate the relationship of gastroparesis to symptoms, diabetic control, and diabetic complications. Control subjects and three groups of diabetics were studied: A) no neuropathy; B) peripheral neuropathy; and C) peripheral and autonomic neuropathy. Nine diabetics had gastrointestinal symptoms. Gastric t1/2 liquid emptying was similar in all groups and in controls, but liquid gastric emptying in the first 15 min was significantly more rapid in the diabetics than controls. Solid emptying was prolonged in group C patients. There was a significant correlation between t1/2 solid emptying and the severity of neuropathy. The eight patients with slow solid emptying had more neuropathy and gastrointestinal symptoms than the remaining 22 patients. The type and duration of diabetes, diabetic control, and frequency of retinopathy are independent of gastroparesis. These data indicate that delayed emptying of solids is common (27%) in patients with clinically detectable neuropathy and may often be asymptomatic. Visceral autonomic neuropathy seems the most important underlying factor in diabetic gastroparesis.
Efforts toward the Expansion of the Genetic Alphabet:  Information Storage and Replication with Unnatural Hydrophobic Base Pairs (2000)

The faithful recognition of the interstrand hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleobases forms the foundation of the genetic code. The ability to replicate DNA containing a stable third base pair would allow for an expansion of the information content of DNA by supplementing the existing two base pairs of the genetic alphabet with a third. We report the optimization of unnatural nucleobases whose pairing in duplex DNA is based on interbase hydrophobic interactions. We show that the stability and selectivity of such unnatural base pairs may be comparable to, or even exceed, that of native pairs. We also demonstrate that several unnatural base pairs are incorporated into DNA by Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I with an efficiency equivalent to that of native DNA synthesis. Moreover, the unnatural bases are orthogonal to the native bases, with correct pairing being favored by at least an order of magnitude relative to mispairing.
Detection by Brush Cytology of Mast Cells and Eosinophils in Allergic and Vernal Conjunctivitis (1991)

The presence of eosinophils in the conjunctival epithelium is indicative of allergies, and detection is currently performed by cotton swab scrapings. Although mast cells are thought to be chemotactic for eosinophils and thus presage their accumulation, the former's use as early indicators of allergy has heretofore been hindered by poor detection methods. The recent development of a special brush now makes it possible to collect many cells with less disturbance of the conjunctival epithelium. In the present study, we have used this brush for conjunctival scraping in 18 patients with vernal and allergic conjunctivitis, and 10 patients serving as controls. The superior and inferior tarsal conjunctiva in both eyes were examined, and the specimens were stained using Hansel's method. Mast cells were observed in at least one of the tarsal conjunctivae in all cases of vernal and allergic conjunctivitis, whereas eosinophils were so observed in only eight cases (44.4%). Neither mast cells nor eosinophils were present in the conjunctivae of the normal group. Although treatment by mast cell stabilizers produced clinical remissions, they induced disappearance of mast cells in only 10 cases (55.6%), whereas in six cases (33.3%) the mast cells increased, and in two cases they were unchanged (11.1%). Six cases (33.3%) each showed disappearance of, increase in, and no change in eosinophils, reflecting even less of a response of these allergic cells to the treatment. The presence of mast cells and eosinophils, as determined by our cytologic method, was found to be correlated with the early detection, but not the clinical severity, of allergic conjunctivitis.
Combination of aminocaproic acid and nicardipine in treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. (1988)

Antifibrinolytic drugs reduce the risk of rebleeding during the first 2 weeks after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, they do not lower overall mortality, largely because of an increased incidence of cerebral ischemia. The usefulness of antifibrinolytic drugs might be increased if a method to prevent or control vasospasm in patients were to be developed. We recently completed late Phase I and Phase II studies of the calcium ion blocking drug nicardipine in 67 patients treated within 1 week of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Of these 67 patients, 42 had delayed operations and were treated concomitantly with the antifibrinolytic drug aminocaproic acid (1.5 g/hr) for an average of 6 days before surgery. The outcome of these 42 patients is the subject of this report. Fifteen of 42 patients were treated with the lower dosage levels of nicardipine (0.4-4.5 mg/m2/hr), and 27 patients were treated at the highest dosage level (6.0 mg/m2/hr). Using the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale for subarachnoid hemorrhage, at admission 18 patients were Grade I, 15 were Grade II, 6 were Grade III, and 3 were Grade IV. Five patients (12%) developed clinical signs of deterioration suggestive of cerebral ischemia with concomitant evidence of vasospasm on arteriography. These patients were all treated with hypervolemic hypertensive therapy. Only one patient (2%) developed an infarction from vasospasm. Two patients developed symptomatic hydrocephalus requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunting, and a third patient required a temporary ventriculostomy. The 3-month postoperative outcomes were excellent. Three patients (7%) rebled. Three patients died, two from rebleeding of the aneurysm and one who never regained consciousness from the initial hemorrhage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
p62, a Phosphotyrosine-independent Ligand of the SH2 Domain of p56 , Belongs to a New Class of Ubiquitin-binding Proteins (1996)

p62 is a novel cellular protein which was initially identified as a phosphotyrosine-independent ligand of the SH2 domain of p56(lck). In the yeast two-hybrid system, p62 specifically interacted with ubiquitin in vivo. Furthermore, p62 bound to ubiquitin-conjugated Sepharose beads in vitro and was efficiently competed by soluble ubiquitin. The interaction was independent of ATP hydrolysis, and its dissociation did not require a reducing agent. Thus, p62 binds to ubiquitin noncovalently. Further analysis showed that the C-terminal 80 amino acids of p62 were indispensable for its interaction with ubiquitin. However, p62 has homology neither with ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases nor with the S5a subunit of the 26 S proteasome complex, the only proteins known to bind to ubiquitin noncovalently. These results suggest that p62 belongs to a new class of ubiquitin-binding proteins and that p62 affects signal transduction at least partly through ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation.
The CD69 activation pathway in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid t cells (1996)

Freshly isolated SF T cells present a profound state of hyporesponsiveness through the CD69 and CD28 costimulatory pathways. This state appears to be dependent on the activation status of SF T cells, since CD69- and resting SF T cells showed recovery of the ability to proliferate through the CD28 activation pathway.
Coulomb blockade and nonperturbative ground-state properties of ultrasmall tunnel junctions (1991)

We present a nonperturbative calculation of the ground-state energy of a normal tunnel junction. The junction with a large conductance shows Coulomb blockade of tunneling provided the external charge ${\mathit{Q}}_{\mathit{x}}$ is less than e/4. For ${\mathit{Q}}_{\mathit{x}}$&gt;e/4, the band is flat and the junction behaves like an Ohmic resistor. We predict a phase transition between insulating and conducting behavior of the junction controlled by an external Ohmic resistance. We plot the corresponding zero-temperature phase diagram and calculate the junction effective resistance.
Sysman: a virtual file system for managing clusters (2008)

Sysman is a system management infrastructure for clusters and data centers similar to the /proc file system. It provides a familiar yet powerful interface for the management of servers, storage systems, and other devices. In the Sysman virtual file system each managed entity (e.g., power on/off button of a server, CPU utilization of a server, a LUN on a storage device), is represented by a file. Reading from Sysman files obtains active information from devices being managed by Sysman. Writing to Sysman files initiates tasks such as turning on/off server blades, discovering new devices, and changing the boot order of a blade. The combination of the file access semantics and existing UNIX utilities such as grep and find that operate on multiple files allow the creation of very short but powerful system management procedures for large clusters. Sysman is an extensible framework and has a simple interface through which new system management procedures can be easily added. We show that by using a few lines of Linux commands system management operations can be issued to more than 2000 servers in one second and the results can be collected at a rate of more than seven servers per second. We have been using Sysman (and its earlier implementations) in a cluster of Intel and PowerPC blade servers containing hundreds of blades with various software configurations.
Is YKL-40 a new therapeutic target in cancer? (2007)

YKL-40 is produced by cancer cells and tumour-associated macrophages. YKL-40 may play a role in cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, invasiveness, metastasis, in angiogenesis and the inflammation and remodelling of the extracellular matrix surrounding the tumour. Serum YKL-40 is a biomarker of prognosis, confirmed in 13 different types of cancer including > 2500 patients. Highest serum YKL-40 is found in patients with metastatic cancer with the shortest recurrence-free interval and shortest overall survival. Serum YKL-40 provides independent information compared with clinical characteristics and biomarkers, such as HER2, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA-125, prostate-specific antigen and lactate dehydrogenase. The authors hypothesise that inhibition of YKL-40 by monoclonal antibodies either directly or towards its receptor may be as efficient a cancer therapeutic as the monoclonal antibodies against HER2, HER1, vascular endothelial growth factor and CD20. Drugs inhibiting YKL-40 should be explored as new cancer therapeutics.
An Iteratively Reweighted Least Square Implementation for Face Recognition (2012)

We propose, as an alternative to current face recognition paradigms, an algorithm using reweighted l₂ minimization, whose recognition rates are not only comparable to the random projection using l₁ minimization compressive sensing method of Yang et al [5], but also robust to occlusion. Through numerical experiments, reweighted l₂mirrors the l₁solution [1] even with occlusion. Moreover, we present a theoretical analysis on the convergence of the proposed l₂approach.
Differential ability of B cells specific for external vs. internal influenza virus proteins to respond to help from influenza virus-specific T-cell clones in vivo. (1988)

When a helper T-cell (TH) clone specific for the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix protein, or nucleoprotein of influenza strain A/PR/8/34 is adoptively transferred to athymic mice 1 day after virus infection the anti-viral antibody response of the mouse is enhanced. This response is directed predominantly to the hemagglutinin and requires associative T-cell-B-cell interactions. Delaying transfer of the TH clone has three consequences: (i) the onset of the anti-hemagglutinin antibody response is delayed; (ii) the titer of the anti-hemagglutinin response is reduced; and (iii) the titer of the antibody in the response against the internal proteins, matrix protein and nucleoprotein, is enhanced upon transfer of matrix protein- or nucleoprotein-specific, but not hemagglutinin- or neuraminidase-specific, TH clones. Thus, there is a hierarchy of help: B cells recognizing viral surface components, hemagglutinin or neuraminidase, can receive help from TH clones specific for any of the major structural viral proteins. In contrast, B cells responding to internal viral components, matrix protein or nucleoprotein, are restricted to receiving help almost exclusively from TH clones with the same protein specificity. These observations suggest that, upon B-cell surface immunoglobulin-antigen interaction and uptake of intact virus, B cells specific for viral surface proteins process and present all major structural viral antigens, enabling the B cells to interact with TH clones specific for any virion protein. B cells recognizing internal viral components, which may be accessible to interaction with B-cell immunoglobulin receptors mainly as free proteins, would present only the protein for which they are specific and, thereby, receive help only from the TH clones of the same protein specificity.
One-year Treatment of Morpholino Antisense Oligomer Improves Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Functions in Dystrophic mdx Mice (2010)

Antisense therapy has been successful to skip targeted dystrophin exon with correction of frameshift and nonsense mutations of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Systemic production of truncated but functional dystrophin proteins has been achieved in animal models. Furthermore, phase I/II clinical trials in United Kingdom and the Netherlands have demonstrated dystrophin induction by local and systemic administrations of antisense oligomers. However, long-term efficacy and potential toxicity remain to be determined. The present study examined 1-year systemic effect of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) treatment targeting mutated dystrophin exon 23 in mdx mice. PMO induced dystrophin expression dose-dependently and significantly improved skeletal muscle pathology and function with reduced creatine kinase (CK) levels by a regimen of 60 mg/kg biweekly administration. This regimen induced <2% dystrophin expression in the heart, but improved cardiac functions demonstrated by hemodynamics analysis. The results suggest that low levels of dystrophin induction may be able to provide detectable benefit to cardiac muscle with limited myopathy. Body weight, serum enzyme tests, and histology analysis showed no sign of toxicity in the mice treated with up to 1.5 g/kg PMO for 6 months. These results indicate that PMO could be used safely as effective drugs for long-term systemic treatment of DMD.
The Dehydration of the Lower Aliphatic Alcohols in the Presence of Dilute Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Salts (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Dehydration of the Lower Aliphatic Alcohols in the Presence of Dilute Aqueous Solutions of Acids and SaltsV. N. Ipatieff and G. S. MonroeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 10, 1627–1631Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01238a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01238a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views195Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of Voltage Dependent Potassium Currents in Freshly Dissociated Rat Articular Chondrocytes (2006)

The electrophysiological properties of voltage dependent potassium channels from freshly dissociated rat articular chondrocytes were studied. The resting membrane potential (-42.7+/-2.0 mV) was significantly depolarized by increasing concentrations of external potassium. No change was observed when external chloride concentration was varied. Addition of TEA, 4AP, alpha-Dendrotoxin and charybdotoxin depolarized resting membrane potential. Whole cell patch clamp studies revealed the presence of outwardly rectifying currents whose kinetic and pharmacological properties suggest the expression of voltage dependent potassium channels. Two kinds of currents were observed under the same experimental conditions. The first one, most frequently observed (80%), starts activating near -50 mV, with V(1/2)=-18 mV, G(max)=0.30 pS/pF. The second kind was observed in only 10% of cases; It activates near -40 mV, with(1/2)=+28.35 mV, G(max)=0.28 pS/pF pA/pF and does not inactivates. Inactivating currents were significantly inhibited by TEA (IC(50)=1.45 mM), 4AP (IC(50)=0.64 mM), CTX (IC(50) = 10 nM), alpha-Dendrotoxin (IC(50) < 100 nM) and Margatoxin (IC(50)=28.5 nM). These results show that rat chondrocytes express voltage dependent potassium currents and suggest a role of voltage-dependent potassium channels in regulating membrane potential of rat chondrocytes.
MAPK Signaling Up-regulates the Activity of Hypoxia-inducible Factors by Its Effects on p300 (2003)

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) are a family of heterodimeric transcriptional regulators that play pivotal roles in the regulation of cellular utilization of oxygen and glucose and are essential transcriptional regulators of angiogenesis in solid tumor and ischemic disorders. The transactivation activity of HIF complexes requires the recruitment of p300/CREB-binding protein (CBP) by HIF-1 alpha and HIF-2 alpha that undergo oxygen-dependent degradation. HIF activation in tumors is caused by several factors including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Here we investigated the molecular basis for HIF activation by MAPK. We show that MAPK is required for the transactivation activity of HIF-1 alpha. Furthermore, inhibition of MAPK disrupts the HIF-p300 interaction and suppresses the transactivation activity of p300. Overexpression of MEK1, an upstream MAPK activator, stimulates the transactivation of both p300 and HIF-1 alpha. Interestingly, the C-terminal transactivation domain of HIF-1 alpha is not a direct substrate of MAPK, and HIF-1 alpha phosphorylation is not required for HIF-CAD/p300 interaction. Taken together, our data suggest that MAPK signaling facilitates HIF activation through p300/CBP.
Current and emerging monoclonal antibody treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: state of the art (2014)

Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), rituximab, ofatumumab and obinutuzumab, have a significant impact in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), particularly in combination with chemotherapy. Over the last few years, several new mAbs have been developed and investigated in CLL. The most promising newer mAbs are directed against CD20, CD19, CD37 and CD40. Combinations of antibodies with targeted drugs like ibrutinib, idelalisib or lenalidomide will probably replace chemotherapy-based combinations in the near future. This review gives a critical overview of established mAbs as well as new antibodies potentially useful in CLL.
Elevated Sympathetic Nervous Activity in Mice Deficient in αCGRP (2001)

alpha-Calcitonin gene-related peptide (alphaCGRP) is a pleiotropic neuropeptide implicated in a variety of physiological processes. To better understand the biological functions of alphaCGRP, we developed an alphaCGRP-null mouse model using a gene targeting approach. Recordings of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) showed that basal MAP and HR were significantly higher in both anesthetized and conscious, unrestrained alphaCGRP-null mice than in corresponding wild-type mice. The elevated MAP in alphaCGRP-null mice was shown to be the result of elevated peripheral vascular resistance by alpha-adrenergic blockade with prazosin and by transthoracic echocardiogram, which revealed no significant differences between alphaCGRP-null and wild-type mice in the stroke volume, fractional shortening, and ejection fraction. Moreover, evaluation of autonomic nervous activity by measuring HR after pretreatment of atropine and/or atenolol and by analyzing arterial baroreceptor reflexes showed sympathetic nervous activity to be significantly elevated in alphaCGRP-null mice; elevated levels of urinary catecholamine metabolites and decreased HR variability in mutant mice were also consistent with that finding. These findings suggest that alphaCGRP contributes to the regulation of cardiovascular function through inhibitory modulation of sympathetic nervous activity.
Cytokine production profile of early thymocytes and the characterization of a new class of chemokine (1995)

By using a variety of molecular techniques, we have characterized the cytokine profile of pro-T cells. During this characterization we cloned a novel cytokine that has chemotactic activities. We have designated this cytokine lymphotactin. The structural analysis, chromosomal location, and biological properties of lymphotactin provide strong evidence that this cytokine represents a new class of chemokine.
Harvey ras induction of metastatic potential depends upon oncogene activation and the type of recipient cell. (1985)

NIH-3T3 cells and early passage fibroblasts transformed by various members of the rasH gene family were found to express metastatic potential in nude (Nu/Nu) mice. NIH-3T3 cells transformed by either the cloned DNA of the Harvey sarcoma virus or by the T24 human rasH oncogene were both tumorigenic after subcutaneous injection and metastatic after intravenous injection. In contrast, NIH-3T3 cells transformed by elevated levels of the proto-oncogene were tumorigenic but not metastatic. Tumor growth potential by itself, therefore, was not sufficient to induce metastatic behavior. Diploid fibroblasts transformed with the T24 rasH oncogene were tumorigenic and metastatic after intravenous injection and also produced extensive spontaneous metastases. Thus, induction of the complete metastatic phenotype by the T24 rasH oncogene does not require the use of aneuploid recipient cells such as NIH-3T3 cells. An alternative murine recipient cell type C127, when transformed by the cloned DNA of the Harvey sarcoma virus, was tumorigenic but not metastatic. The transformed C127 cells made less of the viral gene product P21 than the NIH-3T3 rasH transformants. To ensure that the decreased levels of P21 were not responsible for the lack of metastatic potential, C127 cells were transformed with altered constructs of the plasmid containing the Harvey sarcoma virus which elicited enhanced levels of P21. The augmented P21 levels, although equivalent to or greater than that seen in the NIH-3T3 transformants, did not confer metastatic potential on the C127 transformants. These results indicate that at least two complementation groups may be required for induction of metastatic capacity in this system, one involving the "activated" oncogenic form of the rasH gene and the second another as yet undefined factor in the cellular background present in NIH-3T3 cells but absent in C127 cells.