gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Interleukin-10 by the Immunomodulator AS101 Reduces Mesangial Cell Proliferation in Experimental Mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis (2004)

Mesangial cell (MC) proliferation is essential for the pathogenesis and progression of glomerular disease. Using an acute model of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (Thy1 GN), we show that neutralization of interleukin (IL)-10 greatly ameliorated the disease as expressed by both decreased MC expansion and proteinuria. Treatment with the tellurium compound AS101 (ammonium trichloro(dioxoethylene-o,o')tellurate) resulted in favorable effects provided that the compound was administered 24 h before insult, whereas partial effects were obtained when administered after insult. We identified STAT3 as playing a pivotal role in IL-10-induced MC proliferation in vitro and in vivo. IL-10 activates MC STAT3 in vitro as expressed by its phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. The role of STAT3 in MC proliferation induced by IL-10 was deduced from results showing that IL-10-induced proliferation was abrogated if MC transfected with STAT3 antisense oligonucleotides were used or if cells were incubated with inhibitors of STAT3. AS101 deactivates STAT3 in control but not in MC transfected with IL-10 antisense oligonucleotides. Inactivation of STAT3 prevents reduction of MC proliferation by AS101. We further demonstrate the role of STAT3 in the regulation of cell cycle and survival regulatory proteins by AS101 in MC via inhibition of IL-10. IL-10 increased MC expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X1 and simultaneously decreased the levels of p27kip1. These survival factors were decreased by AS101 in a STAT3- and IL-10-dependent manner, whereas p27kip1 was similarly increased. In Thy1 GN, phosphorylated STAT3 in glomerular MC peaked at day 6 and correlated with MC expansion. Neutralization of IL-10 or its inhibition by AS101 abolished phosphorylation of STAT3. This effect positively correlated with amelioration of the disease. These in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the autocrine MC growth factor IL-10 induces MC proliferation via STAT3. We suggest that IL-10 or its downstream target STAT3 might be therapeutic targets for kidney diseases induced by mesangial proliferation.
Protective and Immunochemical Activities of Monoclonal Antibodies Reactive with theBacillus anthracisPolypeptide Capsule (2006)

Bacillus anthracis is surrounded by a polypeptide capsule composed of poly-gamma-d-glutamic acid (gammaDPGA). In a previous study, we reported that a monoclonal antibody (MAb F26G3) reactive with the capsular polypeptide is protective in a murine model of pulmonary anthrax. The present study examined a library of six MAbs generated from mice immunized with gammaDPGA. Evaluation of MAb binding to the capsule by a capsular "quellung" type reaction showed a striking diversity in capsular effects. Most MAbs produced a rim type reaction that was characterized by a sharp increase followed directly by a decrease in refractive index at the capsular edge. Some MAbs produced a second capsular reaction well beneath the capsular edge, suggesting complexity in capsular architecture. Binding of MAbs to soluble gammaDPGA was assessed by a fluorescence perturbation assay in which a change in the MAb intrinsic fluorescence produced by ligand binding was used as a reporter for antigen-antibody interaction. The MAbs differed considerably in the complexity of the binding curves. MAbs producing rim type capsule reactions typically produced the more complex binding isotherms. Finally, the protective activity of the MAbs was compared in a murine model of pulmonary anthrax. One MAb was markedly less protective than the remaining five MAbs. Characteristics of the more protective MAbs included a relatively high affinity, an immunoglobulin G3 isotype, and a complex binding isotherm in the fluorescence perturbation assay. Given the relatively monotonous structure of gammaDPGA, the results demonstrate a striking diversity in the antigen binding behavior of gammaDPGA antibodies.
Properties validation of an anisotropic dry adhesion designed for legged climbing robots (2009)

The anisotropy of dry adhesion increases the efficiency of climbing animals when sticking to different surfaces because less energy is required to detach their feet when compared with isotropic adhesion mechanisms. To replicate this functionality, a synthetic anisotropic dry adhesive has been fabricated using elastomer fibers with offset caps. This paper presents the properties validation of a designed anisotropic dry adhesive. Experiment results show that the adhesive has achieved the desired anisotropic behavior. Further analysis of the relationship between pulling angle, sample thickness and adhesive loading orientation reveals potential strategies in dry adhesive implementation on a preliminarily developed legged climbing robot.
SV-5-like Parainfluenza Virus in Dogs (1970)

SUMMARY An SV-5-like virus was isolated repeatedly from dogs with respiratory disease, which spread rapidly to susceptible dogs. Although parenteral injection of the virus did not result in clinical signs, aerosol exposure to a high dose of virus caused coughing in approximately half of the exposed dogs. Virus was found in high concentrations in nasal mucosa, trachea, and lungs, and viral antigen was seen in ciliated epithelium of the same organs. When dogs were exposed to SV-5-like virus, mycoplasma and Bordetella bronchiseptica signs became more severe. However, serum samples tested from dogs 3 weeks after kennel cough was observed had no antibodies against the SV-5-like virus, and specific-pathogen-free ( spf ) dogs brought in contact with dogs with kennel cough developed a dry cough but no antibody against the SV-5. The SV-5-like virus, therefore, can cause kennel cough in dogs, but kennel cough is not always caused by SV-5-like virus.
Effects of Metalation State (Free Base, Mg, Zn, Cd) on Excited-State Energy Transfer in Diarylethyne-Linked Porphyrin Dimers (1999)

The ground- and excited-state properties of two new porphyrin dimers have been examined using static and time-resolved optical techniques. One dimer consists of a zinc porphyrin and a magnesium porphyrin (ZnMgU), and the other dimer consists of a cadmium porphyrin and a free base (Fb) porphyrin (CdFbU). In both arrays, the porphyrins are joined by a diarylethyne linker at one meso position with mesityl groups at the nonlinking meso positions. The rates of photoinduced energy transfer are faster for ZnMgU ((9 ps)(-)(1)) and CdFbU ((15 ps)(-)(1)) than found previously for ZnFbU ((24 ps)(-)(1)) and MgFbU ((31 ps)(-)(1)). Only for CdFbU does the yield of excited-state energy transfer (87%) drop below the near-quantitative (>/=99%) level, and this effect derives solely from competition with a very short inherent lifetime ( approximately 100 ps) of the photoexcited Cd porphyrin. The results further illustrate (1) the efficacy of this dimeric architecture for ultrafast excited-state energy transfer, (2) how molecular/electronic properties can be manipulated to tune photoinduced energy flow in multiporphyrin arrays, and (3) key factors impacting effective inter-porphyrin electronic communication, including porphyrin orbital tuning.
Stereochemistry of nucleic acids and their constituents. XVIII. Conformational analysis of .alpha. nucleosides by x-ray crystallography (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of nucleic acids and their constituents. XVIII. Conformational analysis of .alpha. nucleosides by x-ray crystallographyM. SundaralingamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 24, 6644–6647Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00753a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00753a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views213Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Insulin on Farnesyltransferase Activity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes (1996)

Activation of p21(ras) by GTP loading is a critical step in a cascade of intracellular insulin signaling. Farnesylation of p21(ras) protein is an obligatory event that facilitates Ras migration to the plasma membrane and subsequent activation. Farnesyltransferase (FTase) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the lipid modification of p21(ras) by the addition of farnesyl to the C-terminal "CAAX" motif. In vitro and in vivo FTase activities were studied in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in response to insulin challenge. Insulin exerted a biphasic stimulatory effect on FTase activity measured in vitro with a 31% increase at 5 min and a 130% increase at 60 min. Insulin-stimulated farnesylation of p21(ras) pools in vivo correlated with FTase activity seen in vitro by displaying an increase in farnesylated p21(ras) from 40% of total cellular Ras in control cells to 63% by 5 min and 80% by 60 min (p < 0.05) in insulin-treated cells. Insulin challenge of 3T3-L1 adipocytes increased incorporation of tritiated mevalonic acid in p21(ras) in a dose-dependent manner and stimulated a 2-fold increase in phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of FTase at 5 min and a 4-fold increase at 60 min.
Wear mechanisms for ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene in the total hip prosthesis (1979)

Abstract Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene is now extensively used in total joint replacements, and there is ample clinical evidence that this material wears at a significant rate in such applications. Six commercially available total hip replacements were subjected to an accurate simulation of clinical mechanical and chemical conditions, and the wear behavior of the polyethylene components was analyzed by friction coefficient measurements and scanning electron micrography of the wear surfaces. The results indicate that all of the proposed wear mechanisms excepting adhesive and abrasive wear may be eliminated. It is highly likely that abrasion fatigue and related phenomena are central to the wear process in many prostheses, but the wear process may be ultimately determined in many cases by the type of defects present in the manufactured material.
Housing, breeding and selecting chickens of the Obese strain (OS) with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (1989)

A management programme is described for a small colony of Obese strain (OS) chickens afflicted with spontaneous hereditary thyroiditis. Animals of this White Leghorn line are used as an animal model for Hashimoto's thyroiditis of man to study possible mechanisms of autoimmunity in general and organ-specific autoimmune diseases in particular. Due to the severe mononuclear cell infiltration of the thyroid glands, OS chickens show symptoms of hypothyroidism, including small body size, subcutaneous and abdominal fat deposits, long silky feathers, small combs and wattles, cold sensitivity, low fertility and poor hatchability. Successful breeding of this line, especially in a small population, can therefore be done only if rigid precautions are taken in aspects of animal care. The selection of breeding stock, the principal requirements for adequate housing and food, the artificial insemination procedure, and recommendations for collecting and incubating chicken eggs are reported in detail. Precautions necessary during the incubation of fertilized eggs, and fertility and hatchability are reported. During the hatching period several specific features must be considered. The important role of staff involved in a small chicken breeding unit is emphasized.
Optical information processing by synthesis of the coherence function (1994)

We propose an optical parallel information processing technique adopting synthesis of the optical coherence function by using direct frequency modulation of a laser diode. The optical coherence function having a delta-function-like shape can be synthesized by modulating the laser frequency with an appropriate waveform. In this optical parallel information processing system, selective extraction of two-dimensional information from a three-dimensional semitransparent object, and other operations between two-dimensional information, can be carried out. This manner has no mechanical moving part, and there is no need for calculation by combining with holographic method. In this paper, the method to synthesize the optical coherence function is studied in detail. The manner to improve the suppression ratio of unnecessary subpeaks in the delta-function-like coherence function is studied both in theory and experiments. Moreover, notch-shaped optical coherence function is also studied. Selective extraction and selective masking of a two-dimensional information from a three-dimensional object was successfully performed in basic experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cyclic AMP-independent catabolite repression in bacteria (1996)

Until recently, only one mechanism of catabolite repression in bacteria, a mechanism dependent on the cyclic AMP receptor protein of Escherichia coli, was understood in molecular detail. Two cyclic AMP-independent catabolite repression mechanisms are currently under study. One such mechanism, found in E. coli, involves the catabolite repressor/activator (Cra) protein (formerly designated the fructose repressor FruR) which represses sugar catabolic systems and activates sugar anabolic systems. When catabolites bind to Cra, Cra dissociates from the DNA causing catabolite activation and catabolite repression, respectively. The second such mechanism, found in Bacillus subtilis, involves a catabolite-activated, ATP-dependent protein kinase that phosphorylates a specific seryl residue in the small phosphocarrier protein, HPr, of the phosphotransferase system. HPr(ser-P) binds to a transcription factor, CcpA, to promote DNA binding. DNA binding of the complex in turn promotes catabolite repression or catabolite activation, depending on the target operon. The characterization of these novel mechanisms establishes that cyclic AMP-independent catabolite control is operative in bacteria, and that multiple mechanisms of catabolite control evolved independently of each other.
Differential modulation of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 peripheral nerve sodium channels by the local anesthetic lidocaine (2004)

1 Voltage-gated Na+ channels are transmembrane proteins that are essential for the propagation of action potentials in excitable cells. Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 dorsal root ganglion Na+ channels exhibit different kinetics and sensitivities to tetrodotoxin (TTX). We investigated the properties of both channels in the presence of lidocaine, a local anesthetic (LA) and class I anti-arrhythmic drug. 2 Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 Na+ channels were coexpressed with the beta1-subunit in Xenopus oocytes. Na+ currents were recorded using the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. 3 Dose-response curves for both channels had different EC50 (dose producing 50% maximum current inhibition) (450 microm for Nav1.7 and 104 microm for Nav1.8). Lidocaine enhanced current decrease in a frequency-dependent manner. Steady-state inactivation of both channels was also affected by lidocaine, Nav1.7 being the most sensitive. Only the steady-state activation of Nav1.8 was affected while the entry of both channels into slow inactivation was affected by lidocaine, Nav1.8 being affected to a larger degree. 4 Although the channels share homology at DIV S6, the LA binding site, they differ in their sensitivity to lidocaine. Recent studies suggest that other residues on DI and DII known to influence lidocaine binding may explain the differences in affinities between Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 Na+ channels. 5 Understanding the properties of these channels and their pharmacology is of critical importance to developing drugs and finding effective therapies to treat chronic pain.
In situ expression of soluble B7-1 in the context of oncolytic herpes simplex virus induces potent antitumor immunity. (2001)

In vivo delivery of immunomodulatory genes is a promising strategy for solid tumor vaccination. A drawback is that it necessitates induction of a large effect from transgene expression in a small percentage of tumor cells. Although the B7 family is known to be the most potent of the costimulatory molecules, gene transduction of B7 alone has not been effective in inducing antitumor immunity in nonimmunogenic tumors by ex vivo methods, much less in vivo. We have developed a novel approach where a gene encoding soluble B7-1, a fusion protein of the extracellular domain of murine B7-1 and the Fc portion of human IgG1, is delivered to tumor cells in vivo in the context of an oncolytic replication-competent herpes simplex virus, and the gene product is secreted by tumor cells rather than expressed on the cell surface. Defective herpes simplex virus vectors containing the B7-1-immunoglobulin (B7-1-Ig) fusion transgene (dvB7Ig) were generated using G207 as a helper virus and tested in the poorly immunogenic murine neuroblastoma, Neuro2a, in syngeneic A/J mice. Intraneoplastic inoculation of dvB7Ig/G207 at a low titer successfully inhibited the growth of established s.c. tumors, despite the expression of B7-1-Ig being detected in only 1% or fewer of tumor cells at the inoculation site, and prolonged the survival of mice bearing intracerebral tumors. Immunohistochemistry of dvB7Ig/G207-inoculated tumors revealed a significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration compared with control tumors inoculated with defective vector expressing alkaline phosphatase (dvAP/G207). The antitumor effect of dvB7Ig/G207 was not manifested in athymic mice. In vivo depletion of immune cell subsets in A/J mice further revealed that CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, were required. Animals cured of their tumors by dvB7Ig/G207 treatment were protected against rechallenge with a lethal dose of Neuro2a cells but not SaI/N cells. The results demonstrate that the use of soluble B7-1 for immune gene therapy is a potent and clinically applicable means of in situ cancer vaccination.
Interleukin 6 in Infection and Cancer (1990)

Localized tissue disruption quickly elicits systemic alterations in the biochemical, physiologic, and immunologic status of the host (1–3). The hypothesis that a circulating mediator(s) produced by injured tissues orchestrates the “acute phase” alterations in the “chemistry of the host” (1–4) has now been extensively validated (5, 6). It has become amply clear in the last 3 years that the cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a pivotal role in mediating the host response to tissue injury. Elevated levels of IL-6 are readily detected in body fluids during the course of microbial infections, autoimmune diseases, and neoplasia (6). It is the purpose of this review to highlight some recent advances in experimental IL-6 research and to discuss new clinical insights on the role of IL-6 in the pathophysiology of infection and cancer. The thesis that IL-6, in addition to mediating the systemic host response to neoplastic disease, may itself promote the proliferation of neoplastic cell elements adds a novel dimension to this discussion. Clinical observations that we would today ascribe in large part to the effects of IL-6 were recorded at least 2500 years ago. The central tenet of Hippocratic medicine (approximately 400 B.C.) was based on the empirical observation that blood withdrawn from an acutely ill person, when allowed to stand, separated into four distinct layers or “humors” as it clotted (melancholia, sanguis, phlegm, and cholera) (7). The scientific basis for the appearance of a phlegm or crusta inflammatoria (the fibrin clot or “buffy coat”) in blood from diseased individuals was elucidated in 1921 and is the enhanced sedimentation of erythrocytes (7–9). It is understood today that the enhancement of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate during acute infections largely reflects a change in plasma protein composition (particularly an increase in the fibrinogen level) that is collectively referred to as the “acute phase” plasma protein response (5, 6, 9, 10).
A New Liquid Precursor with Improved Thermal Stability for Chemical Vapor Deposition of Copper (1998)

A new liquid precursor (hfac)Cu(teovs) (I), where hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate and teovs = triethoxyvinylsilane, was developed for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of copper thin films. This copper(+1) precursor is more thermally stable than the previously known (hfac)Cu(tmvs), where tmvs = trimethylvinylsilane. Using a fully automated CVD reactor equipped with a direct liquid injection and vaporizer system, pure copper films were deposited on TiN‐covered 6 in. diam silicon wafers with a high deposition rate. Excellent uniformity of the deposited films was obtained in some cases. An analogous solid compound (hfac)Cu(dmomvs) (II), dmomvs = dimethoxymethylvinylsilane was also synthesized and structurally characterized. 1H‐NMR analysis revealed that compound II is thermally less stable than compound I. For the Cu(+l) precursors of the type (hfac)Cu(vinylsilane), the thermal stability of the complex apparently reflects the electron donating capability of the substituents attached to the silicon atoms.
Biochemical identification of new species and biogroups of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens (1985)

In 1972 there were only 11 genera and 26 species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Today there are 22 genera, 69 species, and 29 biogroups or Enteric Groups. This paper is a review of all of the new organisms. It has a series of differential charts to assist in identification and a large chart with the reactions of 98 different organisms for 47 tests often used in identification. A simplified version of this chart gives the most common species and tests most often used for identification. The sources of the new organisms are listed, and their role in human disease is discussed. Fourteen new groups of Enterobacteriaceae are described for the first time. These new groups are biochemically distinct from previously described species, biogroups, and Enteric Groups of Enterobacteriaceae. The new groups are Citrobacter amalonaticus biogroup 1, Klebsiella group 47 (indole positive, ornithine positive), Serratia marcescens biogroup 1, and unclassified Enteric Groups 17, 45, 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 68, and 69.