gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution and functional characterization of human Nav1.3 splice variants (2005)

Abstract The focus of the present study is the molecular and functional characterization of four splice variants of the human Na v 1.3 α subunit. These subtypes arise due to the use of alternative splice donor sites of exon 12, which encodes a region of the α subunit that resides in the intracellular loop between domains I and II. This region contains several important phosphorylation sites that modulate Na + channel kinetics in related sodium channels, i.e. Na v 1.2. While three of the four Na v 1.3 isoforms, 12v1, 12v3 and 12v4 have been previously identified in human, 12v2 has only been reported in rat. Herein, we evaluate the distribution of these splice variants in human tissues and the functional characterization of each of these subtypes. We demonstrate by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) that each subtype is expressed in the spinal cord, thalamus, amygdala, cerebellum, adult and fetal whole brain and heart. To investigate the functional properties of these different splice variants, each α subunit isoform was cloned by RT‐PCR from human fetal brain and expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Each isoform exhibited functional voltage‐dependent Na + channels with similar sensitivities to tetrodotoxin (TTX) and comparable current amplitudes. Subtle shifts in the V 1/2 of activation and inactivation (2–3 mV) were observed among the four isoforms, although the functional significance of these differences remains unclear. This study has demonstrated that all four human splice variants of the Na v 1.3 channel α subunit are widely expressed and generate functional TTX‐sensitive Na + channels that likely modulate cellular excitability.
Application of hitherto unexplored macrocyclization strategies in the epothilone series: novel epothilone analogs by total synthesisElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: experimental details for the synthesis of 14 and 32. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b209941a/ (2002)

A total synthesis of Epothilone 490 and a synthesis of 11-hydroxy dEpoB utilizing a vinyl-boronate cross-metathesis followed by a Suzuki macrocyclization. A mild route to reach aldehydes from terminal olefins, anticipating Nozaki-Kishi macrocyclization is described.
Spatial resolution adaptation framework for video compression (2018)

This paper presents a resolution adaptation framework for video compression. It dynamically applies spatial resampling, trading off the relationship between spatial resolution and quantization. A learning-based Quantization-Resolution Optimization (QRO) module, trained on a large database of video content, determines the optimal spatial resolution among multiple options, based on spatial and temporal video features of the uncompressed video frames. In order to improve the quality of upscaled videos, a modified CNN-based single image super-resolution method is employed at the decoder. This super-resolution model has been trained using compressed content from the same training database. The proposed resolution adaptation framework was integrated with the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) reference software, HM 16.18, and tested on UHD content from several databases including videos from the JVET (Joint Video Exploration Team) test set. Experimental results show that the proposed method offers significant overall bit rate savings for a wide range of bitrates compared with the original HEVC HM 16.18, with average BD-rate savings of 12% (based on PSNR) and 15% (based on VMAF) and lower encoding complexity.
Minireview: RET: Normal and Abnormal Functions (2004)

The RET gene encodes a single-pass transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. RET is the oncogene that causes papillary thyroid carcinoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma. The latter may arise as a component of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes; germline mutations in RET are responsible for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 inheritance. In this report we review data on the mechanisms leading to RET oncogenic conversion and on RET targeting as a strategy in thyroid cancer treatment.
Gene-Expression Patterns in Drug-Resistant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells and Response to Treatment (2004)

Differential expression of a relatively small number of genes is associated with drug resistance and treatment outcome in childhood ALL.
Digital Camera Identification From Sensor Pattern Noise (2006)

In this paper, we propose a new method for the problem of digital camera identification from its images based on the sensor's pattern noise. For each camera under investigation, we first determine its reference pattern noise, which serves as a unique identification fingerprint. This is achieved by averaging the noise obtained from multiple images using a denoising filter. To identify the camera from a given image, we consider the reference pattern noise as a spread-spectrum watermark, whose presence in the image is established by using a correlation detector. Experiments on approximately 320 images taken with nine consumer digital cameras are used to estimate false alarm rates and false rejection rates. Additionally, we study how the error rates change with common image processing, such as JPEG compression or gamma correction.
브랜드의 시장성과 정보가 브랜드 평가에 미치는 효과 (2009)

Prior research has investigated different effects of brand performance information such as premium price information and market share information on brand equity components-quality perception and brand preference. It was shown that the differential effects of brand performance information could depend on product-related variables like product category concept and quality variation in the product category. In this study, we conducted an experiment to find out how personal characteristics such as self-construal, price perception and brand commitment could influence the effects of different types of brand performance information. The results show that individuals who have independent self-construal, favorable price perception and emotional commitment with the brand develop more favorable evaluation of the premium price performance information resulting in more positive evaluations of the brand. However, individuals who have interdependent self-construal, unfavorable price perception and cognitive commitment with the brand develop more favorable evaluation of the market share performance information resulting in more positive evaluations of the brand. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this study and its limitations, along with future research interests.
Combining phage display and molecular modeling to map the epitope of a neutralizing antitoxin antibody (2000)

Crotoxin is a potent presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus. It is composed of the noncovalent and synergistic association of a weakly toxic phospholipase A2, CB, and a nontoxic three-chain subunit, CA, which increases the lethal potency of CB. The A-56.36 mAb is able to dissociate the crotoxin complex by binding to the CA subunit, thereby neutralizing its toxicity. Because A-56.36 and CB show sequence homology and both compete for binding to CA, we postulated that A-56.36 and CB had overlapping binding sites on CA. By screening random phage-displayed libraries with the mAb, phagotopes bearing the (D/S)GY(A/G) or AAXI consensus motifs were selected. They all bound A-56.36 in ELISA and competed with CA for mAb binding, although with different reactivities. When mice were immunized with the selected clones, polyclonal sera reacting with CA were induced. Interestingly, the raised antibodies retained the crotoxin-dissociating effect of A-56.36, suggesting that the selected peptides may be used to produce neutralizing antibodies. By combining these data with the molecular modeling of CA, it appeared that the functional epitope of A-56.36 on CA was conformational, one subregion being discontinuous and corresponding to the first family of peptides, the other subregion being continuous and composed of amino acids of the second family. Phage-displayed peptides corresponding to fragments of the two identified regions on CA reacted with A-56.36 and with CB. Our data support the hypothesis that A-56.36 and CB interact with common regions of CA, and highlight residues which are likely to be critical for CA-CB complex formation.
Improved Lipid and Lipoprotein Profile, Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity, and Glucose Tolerance in 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Null Mice (2001)

Excess tissue glucocorticoid action may underlie the dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance of the metabolic syndrome. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD-1) catalyzes conversion of circulating inert 11-dehydrocorticosterone into active corticosterone, thus amplifying local intracellular glucocorticoid action, particularly in liver. The importance of 11beta-HSD-1 in glucose homeostasis is suggested by the resistance of 11beta-HSD-1(-/-) mice to hyperglycemia upon stress or obesity, due to attenuated gluconeogenic responses. The present study further investigates the metabolic consequences of 11beta-HSD-1 deficiency, focusing on the lipid and lipoprotein profile. Ad lib fed 11beta-HSD-1(-/-) mice have markedly lower plasma triglyceride levels. This appears to be driven by increased hepatic expression of enzymes of fat catabolism (carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I, acyl-CoA oxidase, and uncoupling protein-2) and their coordinating transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha). 11beta-HSD-1(-/-) mice also have increased HDL cholesterol, with elevated liver mRNA and serum levels of apolipoprotein AI. Conversely, liver Aalpha-fibrinogen mRNA levels are decreased. Upon fasting, the normal elevation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha mRNA is lost in 11beta-HSD-1(-/-) mice, consistent with attenuated glucocorticoid induction. Despite this, crucial oxidative responses to fasting are maintained; carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I induction and glucose levels are similar to wild type. Refeeding shows exaggerated induction of genes encoding lipogenic enzymes and a more marked suppression of genes for fat catabolism in 11beta-HSD-1(-/-) mice, implying increased liver insulin sensitivity. Concordant with this, 24-h refed 11beta-HSD-1(-/-) mice have higher triglyceride but lower glucose levels. Further, 11beta-HSD-1(-/-) mice have improved glucose tolerance. These data suggest that 11beta-HSD-1 deficiency produces an improved lipid profile, hepatic insulin sensitization, and a potentially atheroprotective phenotype.
Ability of Ixodes scapularis, Dermacentor variabilis, and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) to Acquire, Maintain, and Transmit Lyme Disease Spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi) (1988)

The ability of the immature stages of three tick species from the southeastern United States to acquire, maintain, and transmit Borrelia burgdorferi was determined under laboratory conditions. Dermacentor variabilis (Say) and Amblyomma americanum (L.) acquired spirochetal infection as larvae, but infection in D. variabilis (9% infected) and A. americanum, (1% infected) was inefficient and short lived. In contrast, Ixodes scapularis Say infected as larvae maintained spirochetal infection transstadially, and infected I. scapularis nymphs transmitted spirochetes to hamsters in four out of four trials. Although I. scapularis was a competent laboratory vector, natural populations of this tick taken from white-tailed deer and white-footed mice in Alabama were not infected with spirochetes.
PEGylated therapeutic proteins for haemophilia treatment: a review for haemophilia caregivers (2012)

PEGylation is the technology involving the covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to a protein-, peptide- or small-molecule drug to improve their pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and immunological profiles, and thus, enhance the therapeutic effect. Today, PEGylation of proteins is a well-established technology and is being used in the treatment of a variety of clinical disorders. Several PEGylated coagulation proteins for haemophilia A and B are under development with the goal of prolonging the circulation half-life of factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX. The prolongation of half-life, resulting in less frequent injections can provide significant benefits in improving the quality of life of subjects with haemophilia and improvement in adherence to treatment. A review of published literature on PEGylated therapeutic products currently approved for human use and a discussion of a PEGylated recombinant FVIII molecule (BAY 94-9027, Bayer HealthCare, Berkeley, CA, USA) currently being investigated in the pivotal clinical trial prior to registration is provided. Available safety information of PEGylated proteins containing high molecular weight PEG does not indicate any safety concerns to date, following long-term (chronic) use in animal models or patients. Chronic use of currently available PEGylated products has been shown to be safe, paving the way for chronic use of PEGylated coagulation products in persons with haemophilia.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosidase‐Catalyzed Oligosaccharide Synthesis (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Purification of Melanoma Reactive T Cell by Using a Monocyte-based Solid Phase T-cell Selection System for Adoptive Therapy (2008)

The generation of melanoma-reactive T cells with the characteristics necessary for in vivo effectiveness remains a considerable obstacle to the application of adoptive cell therapy. Recent clinical success with adoptive cell therapy for melanoma is motivating additional investigation to improve the technology of generating such tumor reactive lymphocytes. Here we describe a novel solid phase T-cell selection system, in which monocytes are immobilized on solid support for antigen-specific T-cell purification. We hypothesized and proved that antigen-specific T cells recognize their cognate antigens and bind to them faster than nonantigen-specific T cells and are concentrated on the surface after removing the nonadherent cells by washing. Moreover, activated antigen-specific T cells proliferated more rapidly than nonspecific T cells, further increasing the frequency and purity of antigen-specific T cells. Optimal selection times for Melan-A-specific T cells are studied. Our data demonstrated that T-cell selection can usually increase the frequency of tumor antigen-specific T cells by >10-fold, whereas T-cell expansion after the selection boost the frequency of tumor antigen-specific T cells by another approximately 10-fold. More importantly, these T cells are generated under more physiologic conditions. This new T-cell selection system is superior to traditional repeated stimulation methods in generating tumor antigen-specific T cells for adoptive cell immunotherapy. This inexpensive and simple T-cell selection system can produce large quantity of highly purified Melan-A-specific T cells within 2 weeks after T-cell activation.
Negative-Pressure Dressings in the Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa (2001)

Negative-pressure dressings have been used in the treatment of a variety of open wounds, and as a bolster for skin grafts. The benefits of these dressings include increased oxygen tension in the wound, decreased bacterial counts, increased granulation formation, and the prevention of shear force on wounds. Also, by virtue of the diminished need for daily dressing changes, there are the additional advantages of enhancing patient comfort, decreasing nursing work, and diminished cost of wound care. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic infection of the apocrine sweat glands. Treatment options range from oral isotretinoin to radical excision. Wound closure may be achieved by secondary intention, skin grafting, or flap closure. Complications may still arise and include disease progression and squamous cell carcinoma. Radical excision yields the best results in terms of disease eradication. The authors describe using the negative-pressure dressing in two cases of bilateral axillary HS to secure skin grafts firmly to the wound bed after radical excision of all involved tissues. Patient comfort and acceptance was high, and skin graft take was excellent. The dressings themselves are simple to apply and are highly effective.
Specificity and Mechanism of Error-prone Replication by Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Reverse Transcriptase (1989)

DNA-dependent DNA synthesis in vitro by human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase is relatively error-prone. The enzyme, whether recombinant or from virus particles, produces errors while replicating M13mp2 DNA at a rate that, if operative in vivo, would produce about five mutations per genome per round of replication. Sequence analysis of mutants resulting from in vitro synthesis demonstrates that errors are nonrandomly distributed. Base substitution and one-base frameshift mutational hot spots are observed. The specificity and position of errors suggest that most of the frameshifts and many of the base substitutions are initiated by template-primer slippage. Processivity analysis for the enzyme on the M13mp2 DNA template reveals strong termination at specific sites. Termination sites within homopolymer sequences correlate with frameshift mutational hot spots. The results suggest that the formation and/or utilization of misaligned template-primers is increased during the dissociation-reinitiation phase of the reaction.
Delayed and progressive myocardial lesions after adriamycin administration in the rabbit. (1976)

A cardiomyopathy similar to that observed in cancer patients after prolonged chemotherapy with adriamycin can be produced in the rabbit, characterized by mitochondrial and myofilamentous degeneration with noninflammatory myolysis and connective tissue repair. The progressive and delayed myocardial lesions produced in rabbits receiving increasing total doses of adriamycin were studied after 23, 35, 43, and 77 days of continuous treatment and in posttreatment periods up to 150 to 180 days after the last administration of adriamycin. Total adriamycin doses that produced increased serum enzyme, myocardial sodium, and calcium levels but that failed to elicit serious myocardial morphological lesions during the period of drug administration resulted in a delayed cardiomyopathy leaving focal areas of fibrosis and progressive lesions that became more severe after discontinuation of drug administration. These findings suggest that the myocardial effects of adriamycin are cumulative and potentially nonreversible.
Predicting Diabetes: Moving Beyond Impaired Glucose Tolerance (1993)

We developed predictive models for type II diabetes using stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses of a cohort of 844 Mexican Americans and 641 non-Hispanic whites who were nondiabetic at baseline and who were then followed for 8 yr. Models were developed for the overall population and separately for each sex and ethnic group. For optimal models, the multiple logistic regression program selected potential risk factors from a panel of 5 categorical and 14 continuous demographic, anthropometric, metabolic, and hemodynamic variables. For reduced models, the list of candidate variables was restricted to those commonly used in ordinary clinical practice, i.e., skinfolds, and serum insulin and postural glucose load variables were excluded. For all models, the stepwise process selected a mixture of anthropometric, glucose, lipid, and hemodynamic variables. The top 15% of the risk continuum for each model was defined as high risk to compare the performance of the models with the performance of impaired glucose tolerance (15% prevalence) as a predictor of diabetes. The relative risk of being high risk ranged from 12.16 to 35.29, whereas the relative risk of having impaired glucose tolerance ranged from 7.11 to 10.0. The sensitivity of the multiple logistic regression models ranged from 67.7 to 83.3% compared with 56.5 to 62.1% for impaired glucose tolerance. The results indicate that multivariate predictive models perform at least as well, if not better than impaired glucose tolerance in predicting type II diabetes but need not require an oral glucose load. Moreover, the models highlight the complex metabolic and hemodynamic syndrome that precedes diabetes.
RFID‐enabled healthcare systems: risk‐benefit analysis (2010)

Purpose – The purpose of this technical paper is to provide a review of the applications of radio frequency identification (RFID) in healthcare management systems. It seeks to describe RFID's key points, adoptions, risks and benefits, and the areas of its applications. Some applications of RFID in healthcare management are briefly reviewed and three cases are discussed.
Tumour necrosis factor alpha gene polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis: association with susceptibility to, or severity of, disease? (1997)

Genetic factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) might involve variant tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha genes. Therefore, polymorphisms at positions -308, -238, -376, -163 and +70 relative to the transcription initiation site were studied with respect to the susceptibility to, or severity of, RA. TNF-alpha genotypes of 283 RA patients and 116 healthy individuals were determined. Clinical data were obtained from patient files and questionnaires. The distribution of TNF-alpha alleles was similar in RA patients and healthy controls. With respect to disease severity, the TNF-alpha -238GA genotype was found to be associated with the absence of erosions [odds ratio (OR) 4.1, confidence interval 1.0-17]. In addition, this genotype was associated with a lower number of hand joints affected by erosions within the first 3 yr of disease onset compared to -238GG. The association between the -238 polymorphism and radiographic progression was independent of the presence of HLA-DR4. In line with this observation, the OR for the presence of erosions in patients with both risk factors (DR4 and -238GG) compared to patients who lack these factors was 11.1 (1.8-6.8). No associations between the TNF-alpha -308, +70 and -376 alleles and susceptibility to, or severity of, RA could be demonstrated. Our data indicate that the TNF-alpha -238GA genotype is associated with decreased radiologically detectable progression of RA.