gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The development of new cancer therapies based on the molecular identification of cancer regression antigens. (2006)

Knowledge of the nature of immune reactivity to human tumors has increased dramatically in the past decade. Prior to this, there was significant doubt as to whether tumor antigens actually existed on growing human cancers, and if so, there was considerable skepticism about whether immunotherapies could ever be used to affect growing tumors. The development of reproducible techniques for generating human lymphocytes with reactivity against tumor antigens, the demonstration that the recognition of tumor antigens obeys the same immunologic laws of MHC restriction that characterize immunologic reactions against other antigens, and the demonstration that T-cell transfer therapies--as well as immunotherapies using immune stimulants such as IL-2--could cause the regression of established growing cancers in humans have transformed the study of human tumor immunology from a speculative science to one with concrete applications to the treatment of patients with cancer. The cloning of the genes encoding cancer antigens and the molecular identification of the encoded proteins has opened new possibilities for the development of cancer treatments. Although several human cancer antigens have been identified, only a small number of histologic types of tumors have been studied and these investigations need to be extended to identify putative tumor antigens expressed on common epithelial neoplasms. There is considerable uncertainty surrounding the mechanism by which immune reactions to these cancer antigens are generated in humans. Thus far, all of the cancer rejection antigens recognized by TIL, as well as additional antigens described by others, represent antigens that are encoded by normal nonmutated genes that are expressed on selected normal tissues as well as on tumors. An understanding of the mechanisms by which the tumor can break tolerance to these normal antigens represents a significant challenge to immunologic studies, the answer to which may provide additional insight into methods for enhancing antitumor immune responses.
Spectroscopic optical coherence elastography (2010)

We present an optical technique to image the frequency-dependent complex mechanical response of a viscoelastic sample. Three-dimensional hyperspectral data, comprising two-dimensional B-mode images and a third dimension corresponding to vibration frequency, were acquired from samples undergoing external mechanical excitation in the audio-frequency range. We describe the optical coherence tomography (OCT) signal when vibration is applied to a sample and detail the processing and acquisition techniques used to extract the local complex mechanical response from three-dimensional data that, due to a wide range of vibration frequencies, possess a wide range of sample velocities. We demonstrate frequency-dependent contrast of the displacement amplitude and phase of a silicone phantom containing inclusions of higher stiffness. Measurements of an ex vivo tumor margin demonstrate distinct spectra between adipose and tumor regions, and images of displacement amplitude and phase demonstrated spatially-resolved contrast. Contrast was also observed in displacement amplitude and phase images of a rat muscle sample. These results represent the first demonstration of mechanical spectroscopy based on B-mode OCT imaging. Spectroscopic optical coherence elastography (S-OCE) provides a high-resolution imaging capability for the detection of tissue pathologies that are characterized by a frequency-dependent viscoelastic response.
A live varicella vaccine in a pediatric community. (1984)

A total of 663 children with various underlying diseases were immunized with a live varicella vaccine at the vaccine clinic of Osaka University Hospital during a period of seven years from October, 1975. Clinical reactions after vaccination occurred in 32.4% (24/74) of the children with malignancies and in 0.3% (2/591) of those in other groups. Vaccine-induced immunity was detected for more than 6 years, by FAMA (fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen) and IAHA (immune adherence hemagglutination) tests, and a skin-test for varicella-zoster virus (VZV). During an observation period of more than 7 years, clinical varicella developed in 12 children, 8 of whom were in the group with malignancies. Zoster occurred in only 4 (9.1%) of 44 vaccinees with acute leukemia, this incidence being significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that (21.6%, 8/37) in un-vaccinated leukemic children.
Calcium ion induced self-association of human complement C1.lovin.s (1992)

The weight-average molecular weight of C1s, an activated serine protease subcomponent of human complement C1, has been measured by means of sedimentation equilibrium over a wide range of both protein and calcium ion concentrations. The combined data may be accounted for quantitatively by a simple model for Ca(2+)-dependent self-association of C1s to a dimer. According to this model, the monomer contains a single Ca2+ binding site with K approximately equal to 3 x 10(5) M-1, and the dimer contains three independent Ca binding sites, two having a Ca2+ affinity lower than that of the monomer (K approximately equal to 3 x 10(4) M-1). The third binding site in the dimer, which presumably lies at the interface between the two amino-terminal alpha domains, has a higher Ca2+ affinity (K approximately equal to 1 x 10(8) M-1) and provides the driving force for C1s dimerization in the presence of calcium.
Immunomodulation and Adenoviral Gene Transfer to the Lungs of Nonhuman Primates (2000)

Previous data from our laboratory and others have demonstrated a critical role for the CD4+ T lymphocyte in in vivo immune responses to recombinant adenoviral vectors. In rodent models, this subset of T cells is required for T cell proliferation, subsequent cytotoxic T cell generation, and production of anti-adenoviral antibodies by B cells. Both depleting and nondepleting anti-CD4 antibodies can attenuate these immune responses to recombinant adenovirus. On the basis of these data, we hypothesized that a nondepleting CDR-engrafted anti-human CD4 antibody (OKT4A) with cross-reactivity to rhesus macaques would attenuate both T and B cell responses to intrapulmonary administration of recombinant adenovirus and permit prolonged reporter gene expression and permit secondary gene transfer. Juvenile rhesus macaques were treated with PBS or OKT4A antibody (10 mg/kg) daily beginning 1 day prior to and up to 11 days after gene transfer. OKT4A resulted in significant attenuation of lymphocyte recruitment into the lung, lymphocyte-proliferative responses to both adenovirus capsid proteins and transgene protein, and adenovirus-induced interferon-gamma elaboration in whole blood and hilar lymph nodes. However, OKT4A was ineffective in attenuating adenovirus-induced IL-4 production in whole blood or hilar lymph nodes, generating neutralizing anti-adenoviral antibodies, or permitting secondary gene transfer. As all the monkeys in this protocol had baseline-detectable anti-adenoviral antibodies by ELISA that were nonneutralizing, analogous to most patients with cystic fibrosis, we postulate that anti-CD4 did not block the proliferation of memory B cells. Moreover, these data suggest that for transient immunomodulation to be successful, strategies need to focus specifically on B cell activation independent of CD4+ T cell help.
Consequences of Isostructural Main‐Chain Modifications for the Design of Antimicrobial Foldamers: Helical Mimics of Host‐Defense Peptides Based on a Heterogeneous Amide/Urea Backbone (2009)

Fraternal twins: Oligoureas and γ-peptides are isosteric, quasi-isostructural helical foldamers endowed with distinct biomolecular recognition properties. Combination of the two backbones to generate urea/amide hybrids (see picture) was found to give more potent yet less cytotoxic antimicrobial helical foldamers.
Anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) monoclonal antibodies with lupus anticoagulant-like activity enhance the beta2GPI binding to phospholipids. (1997)

beta2-Glycoprotein I (beta2GPI), a plasma glycoprotein with phospholipid-binding property, is known to be the actual target antigen for autoimmune type anticardiolipin antibodies (aCLs). Certain groups of aCLs (anti-beta2GPI antibodies) exert lupus anticoagulant (LA) activity and perturb the function of vascular endothelial cells. This investigation aimed at highlighting some insights into the molecular basis by which aCLs exert their biological effects by using anti-beta2GPI mAbs with well-characterized epitopes from mice and from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Anti-beta2GPI mAbs directed against the third domain (Cof-20 and Cof-22) and fourth domain (Cof-21, EY1C8, and EY2C9) of beta2GPI inhibited the thrombin generation induced by Russell's viper venom in diluted plasma and that induced by the prothrombinase complex reconstituted with purified clotting factors. This anticoagulant activity was abrogated in the presence of an excess amount of phospholipids, thus resembling the LA activity. In stark contrast, anti-beta2GPI mAbs directed against the fifth domain and the carboxy-terminal region of the fourth domain showed no LA-like activity. These findings suggest that the LA activity of anti-beta2GPI antibodies depends on their epitope specificity. Experiments carried out to clarify the mechanism of the LA activity showed that anti-beta2GPI mAbs with LA-like activity, but not those without this effect, enhance the beta2GPI binding to phospholipids. In addition, the F(ab')2 fragment, but not the Fab' fragment, of the anti-beta2GPI mAbs was found to enhance the LA activity and the beta2GPI binding to phospholipids, suggesting that anti-beta2GPI antibodies induce formation of multiple complexes of beta2GPI on the surface of phospholipids because of their bivalent property. This clustering of beta2GPI molecules induced by anti-beta2GPI antibodies, probably because of their multivalent property and epitope specificity, might hinder the lateral mobility and activation of clotting factors on the surface of phospholipids and thus exert LA activity. Clustering of beta2GPI molecules may also explain the molecular mechanism by which anti-beta2GPI antibodies alter the function of leukocytes and endothelial cells. The well-documented heterogeneous LA activity of aCLs (anti-beta2GPI antibodies) may also be explained by their epitope specificity.
Biology of Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation: Possible Role of Growth Factors in Lesion Development and the Potential Impact of Soy (1995)

The advanced lesions of atherosclerosis occlude the affected artery by increasing the thickness of the intima. The focal thickening of the intima is due to a large increase in smooth muscle cells, formation of new connective tissue matrix by these smooth muscle cells and, in hyperlipidemic individuals, the accumulation of intracellular and extracellular lipid. Additionally, monocytes and T lymphocytes infiltrate the artery wall. Various forms of "injury" may lead to cellular infiltration and proliferation. Localized cellular infiltration of monocytes and T cells may be due to changes in adhesive properties of the endothelial surface, involving the expression of specific adhesion molecules. The directed cell migration and proliferation may represent the cells' response to polypeptide growth factors, acting singly or in concert. These peptide growth factors also modulate matrix synthesis and degradation, angiogenesis, cell-cell adhesion and cellular metabolism, including lipid uptake. In atherosclerosis, growth factors may be delivered by infiltrating cells or by activation of cells within the artery wall. Normally, growth factors and their cell-surface receptors are expressed at low or undetectable levels. Their up-regulation in early and developing atherosclerotic lesions suggests a pathogenic role for these molecules. Increased levels of isoflavonoids, in particular genistein, which are associated with consumption of soy-based diets, inhibit cell adhesion, alter growth factor activity and inhibit cell proliferation involved in lesion formation.
Prolonged percutaneous SNM testing does not cause infection‐related explanation (2012)

There are few studies in the literature evaluating SNM testing periods vs the risk of clinically relevant implant infection rates. The present study shows that prolonged testing could potentially enhance treatment efficacy without infection-related explantations of the chronic implant, despite the identification of bacteria. SNM-implanted patients with diabetes mellitus or obesity should be followed closely. Clinicians might consider using prolonged testing under everyday conditions. Prolonged SNM stage 1 testing is a very effective minimally invasive treatment option to evaluate pelvic-related dysfunction.
IL-8-induced signal transduction in T lymphocytes involves receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases C and D. (1995)

We have characterized the IL-8-induced signal transduction processes in T lymphocytes. A basal level of IL-8 receptor expression was shown on mixed PBL, as identified by using phycoerythrin (PE)-coupled IL-8, and this expression was increased following IL-2 stimulation. Scatchard analysis of T cells revealed competitive binding of IL-8 with a Kd of 0.55 nM, with approximately 1200 receptors per cell, on freshly isolated T cells. After 24 h in culture following purification, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) analyses show the mRNA for only the type B IL-8R on these cultured T lymphocytes and the cell line MOLT-4. Stimulation of T lymphocytes or T cell clones with IL-8 led to generation of inositol trisphosphate and calcium flux. In addition, when T cells were prelabeled with [3H]oleic acid, IL-8 caused a long lasting, time- and dose-related increase in [3H]phosphatidylethanol (PtE), indicating activation of phospholipase D (PLD). By contrast, this IL-8-dependent PLD activity was undetectable in IL-8-stimulated neutrophils. PLD activation appeared to be downstream of protein kinase C, because several inhibitors abrogated the increase in [3H]PtE, whereas guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate (GTP(gamma)S) and inositol trisphosphorothioate (IP3S3) both increased the generation of [3H]PtE. Together, these results demonstrate that the IL-8RB receptor is sufficient to mediate phospholipase C (PLC) and PLD activation in T lymphocytes, but not in neutrophils, and indicate an important difference in receptor usage and signal transduction pathways between IL-8-stimulated lymphocytes and neutrophils.
Clinical Significance of Antibodies to Bovine and Human Thrombin and Factor V After Surgical Use of Bovine Thrombin (1992)

Two patients exposed during surgery to bovine thrombin developed antibodies reacting with both bovine and human thrombin and Factor V. Their thrombin times were markedly prolonged with bovine thrombin and modestly prolonged with human thrombin. High titer anti-bovine Factor V created diagnostic confusion in one patient by neutralizing bovine Factor V in a prothrombin assay substrate. Although weaker, antibody activity against human Factor V led to postoperative factor V deficiency in both patients. Such cross-reacting antibodies, recognizable by their higher titer against bovine than human Factor V, should be suspected when a patient surgically exposed to bovine thrombin develops a Factor V anticoagulant after operation. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of adsorbed bovine plasma with each patient's plasma as antibody revealed many precipitin arcs indicative of immunization of the patients to additional proteins in a commercial thrombin preparation.
FiberVista: An FTTH or FTTC system delivering broadband data and CATV services (2002)

FiberVista is a fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) or fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC) system that provides more bandwidth for emerging broadband services, such as Internet data, than existing deployed residential systems, while tapping predictable revenue streams from telephony and analog- and digital-video broadcast television service. At the same time, FiberVista minimizes development costs by reusing existing or emerging technology from other systems, such as cable modems and low-cost residential optical transceivers. It also allows for incremental, “pay-as-you-grow” provisioning of capacity. Like cable-television (CATV) hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) networks, FiberVista uses subcarrier multiplexing to offer a flexible mix of services. The system is superior to HFC in that it offers more total bandwidth, both upstream and downstream, which can be shared among fewer homes. By limiting the coax plant to a small passive run in FTTC, or eliminating it altogether in FTTH, FiberVista minimizes the most unreliable and maintenance-intensive portion of the HFC network. Furthermore, it utilizes new technologies, such as high-power erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM), and passive optical networks (PONs), to make the extension of optical fiber deep into the network practical. In this paper, we describe the FiberVista network architecture, potential upgrade scenarios, and experimental system demonstrations.
Practical Rf Design Manual (1982)

Practical RF design manual , Practical RF design manual , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Program annotation in XML: a parse-tree based approach (2003)

In this paper we describe a technique that can be used to annotate source code with syntactic tags in XML format. This is achieved by modifying the parser generator bison to emit these tags for an arbitrary LALR grammar. We also discuss an immediate application of this technique, a portable modification of the gcc compiler, that allows for XML output for C, Objective C, C++ and Java programs. While our approach is based on a representation of the parse-tree and does not have the same semantic richness as other approaches, it does have the advantage of being language independent, and thus re-usable in a number of different domains.
Mucins as Differentiation Markers in Bronchial Epithelium: Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma Display Similar Expression Patterns (2001)

(1) peritumoral epithelium and squamous metaplasia show an abnormal pattern of mucin expression; (2) squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas display a similar pattern of mucin gene expression, supporting the concept of a common cellular origin.
Clinical Features and Outcome of Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Who Harbor EML4-ALK (2009)

EML4-ALK defines a molecular subset of NSCLC with distinct clinical characteristics. Patients who harbor this mutation do not benefit from EGFR TKIs and should be directed to trials of ALK-targeted agents.
Determination of Functional Domains in the C Subunit of the CCAAT-Binding Factor (CBF) Necessary for Formation of a CBF-DNA Complex: CBF-B Interacts Simultaneously with both the CBF-A and CBF-C Subunits To Form a Heterotrimeric CBF Molecule (1996)

The mammalian CCAAT-binding factor (CBF; also called NF-Y and CP1) is a heterotrimeric protein consisting of three subunits, CBF-A, CBF-B, and CBF-C, all of which are required for DNA binding and all of which are present in the CBF-DNA complex. In this study using cross-linking and immunoprecipitation methods, we first established that CBF-B interacts simultaneously with both subunits of the CBF-A-CBF-C heterodimer to form a heterotrimeric CBF molecule. We then performed a mutational analysis of CBF-C to define functional interactions with the other two CBF subunits and with DNA using several in vitro assays and an in vivo yeast two-hybrid system. Our experiments established that the evolutionarily conserved segment of CBF-C, which shows similarities with the histone-fold motif of histone H2A, was necessary for formation of the CBF-DNA complex. The domain of CBF-C which interacts with CBF-A included a large portion of this segment, one that corresponds to the segment of the histone-fold motif in H2A used for interaction with H2B. Two classes of interactions involved in formation of the CBF-A-CBF-C heterodimer were detected; one class, provided by residues in the middle of the interaction domain, was needed for formation of the CBF-A-CBF-C heterodimer. The other, provided by sequences flanking those of the first class was needed for stabilization of the heterodimer. Two separate domains were identified in the conserved segment of CBF-C for interaction with CBF-B; these were located on each side of the CBF-A interaction domain. Since our previous experiments identified a single CBF-B interaction domain in the histone-fold motif of CBF-A, we propose that a tridentate interaction domain in the CBF-A-CBF-C heterodimer interacts with the 21-amino-acid-long subunit interaction domain of CBF-B. Together with our previous mutational analysis of CBF-A (S. Sinha, I.-S. Kim, K.-Y. Sohn, B. de Crombrugghe, and S. N. Maity, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:328-337, 1996), this study demonstrates that the histone fold-motifs of CBF-A and CBF-C interact with each other to form the CBF-A-CBF-C heterodimer and generate a hybrid surface which then interacts with CBF-B to form the heterotrimeric CBF molecule.
[Nature of the long-wave fluorescence of photosystem I-enriched particles]. (1981)

Quantum efficient action spectra have been measured of longwave fluorescence of light chloroplast fragments at 20 and -196 degrees C. These spectra were measured as the functional dependence of fluorescence intensity on wave length of exciting light in 630--720 nm range being divided by absorption spectrum. Fluorescence intensity was measured in 8 and 4 nm spectral interval with centres at 730 and 755 nm at room and low temperatures respectively. Three maxima with centres at 650, 680 and 704 nm were revealed in the quantum efficient action spectra. It has been established that the last one resulted from self-absorption of chlorophyll aggregates with longwave fluorescence. It may be that the first maximum was due to high frequency component of multiplet, belonging to self-absorption of longwave chlorophyll aggregates. The shortwave shift of 704 nm maximum and the slight longwave one of 650 nm maximum were found in the quantum efficient action spectra of light chloroplast fragments treated with galactolipase. Good coincidence was revealed between absorption properties of longwave chlorophyll aggregates and those of Photosystem-1 centres, which were measured by other independent methods. It was concluded that longwave fluorescence of light chloroplast fragments belonged to Photosystem-1 centres.
Prostacyclin therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. (2010)

In pulmonary arterial hypertension, the blood vessels that carry blood between the heart and lungs are constricted, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood through the lungs. Prostacyclin, a prostanoid metabolized from endogenous arachidonic acid through the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, is a potent vasodilator that has been identified as one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Currently, prostacyclin and its analogues are widely used in the clinical management of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. However, the mortality rate associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension has not been significantly reduced within the past 5 years. More powerful therapeutic approaches are needed. This article briefly reviews the current management of pulmonary arterial hypertension to identify the problems associated with present therapies; then it focuses on the emerging technology of prostacyclin synthase gene therapy and cell-based therapy using native stem cells and engineered stem cells with enhanced prostacyclin production capacity. By using the recent advances in technology and the molecular understanding of prostacyclin synthesis, researchers are prepared to make significant advances in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.