gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon 1snear-edge-absorption fine structure in graphite (1993)

High-resolution ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{z}}$- and ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{x},}$y-projected fine structure for the 1s carbon core level in graphite are compared with symmetry-projected calculations. A very sharp transition occurs about 7.6 eV above the Fermi energy in the ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{x},}$y results, agreeing closely with the nondispersive ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ band. An additional feature near 8.5 eV above the Fermi energy may be due to the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ branch of the free-electron-like interlayer states. With a modest excitonic distortion, the ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{z}}$ results agree closely with the expected ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ band.
Beneficial effect of OPC-8212 (3,4-dihydro-6-(4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2(1H)-quinolinone) on myocardial oxygen consumption in dogs with ischemic heart failure. (1986)

The effect of a new inotropic agent, OPC-8212 (2(1H)-quinolinone derivative), on myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) following intravenous administration (1 and 3 mg/kg/min) was studied in normal and ischemic failing hearts in open chest dogs. Ischemic failing heart was obtained by intracoronary injection of 15-micron microspheres and volume loading. OPC-8212 significantly increased LV max dP/dt and decreased mean aortic pressure, whereas heart rate was not altered in both normal and failing hearts. Despite the remarkable positive inotropic effect, this agent did not increase MVO2 in the normal hearts and even decreased MCO2 in the ischemic failing hearts associated with a decrease in LV end-diastolic pressure and hence, LV chamber size. These results indicate that OPC-8212 does not increase myocardial oxygen demand, probably because the increase in MVO2 by positive inotropic effect is offset by a decrease in MVO2 due to a decrease in chamber size. Thus, OPC-8212 may be promising for the treatment of congestive heart failure with reduced coronary flow reserve.
Help-Seeking Behavior of Women with Self-Reported Distressing Sexual Problems (2009)

Our results suggest inadequacies in the U.S. medical care system in addressing sexual problems in women. Gynecologists and primary care physicians, by including discussions about sexual health during routine visits, can increase the likelihood that adequate care can be offered.
Intradiabodies, Bispecific, Tetravalent Antibodies for the Simultaneous Functional Knockout of Two Cell Surface Receptors (2003)

The specific and high affinity binding properties of intracellular antibodies (intrabodies), combined with their ability to be stably expressed in defined organelles, provides powerful tools with a wide range of applications in the field of functional genomics and gene therapy. Intrabodies have been used to specifically target intracellular proteins, manipulate biological processes, and contribute to the understanding of their functions as well as for the generation of phenotypic knockouts in vivo by surface depletion of extracellular or transmembrane proteins. In order to study the biological consequences of knocking down two receptor-tyrosine kinases, we developed a novel intrabody-based strategy. Here we describe the design, engineering, and characterization of a bispecific, tetravalent endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted intradiabody for simultaneous surface depletion of two endothelial transmembrane receptors, Tie-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF-R2). Comparison of the ER-targeted intradiabody with the corresponding conventional ER-targeted single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) intrabodies demonstrated that the intradiabody is significantly more efficient with respect to efficiency and duration of surface depletion of Tie-2 and VEGF-R2. In vitro endothelial cell tube formation assays suggest that the bispecific intradiabody exhibits strong antiangiogenic activity, whereas the effect of the monospecific scFv intrabodies was weaker. These findings suggest that simultaneous interference with the VEGF and the Tie-2 receptor pathways results in at least additive antiangiogenic effects, which may have implications for future drug developments. In conclusion, we have identified a highly effective ER-targeted intrabody format for the simultaneous functional knockout of two cell surface receptors.
Purification of an equine apotransferrin variant (thyromedin) essential for thyroid hormone-dependent growth of GH1 rat pituitary tumor cells in chemically defined culture (1991)

Pituitary tumor cells require thyroid hormones for growth in vivo [Sorrentino, J. M., Kirkland, W. L., & Sirbasku, D. A. (1976) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 56, 1155-1158]. In vitro, GH1 rat pituitary tumor cells were studied in a serum-free defined medium (PCM-10) formulated with Ham's F12 and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's media (1:1, v/v) supplemented with 2.2 g/L sodium bicarbonate, 15 mM 4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (pH 7.2), 10 micrograms/mL human transferrin, 50 microM ethanolamine, 10 micrograms/mL insulin, 10 ng/mL selenous acid, 0.1 nM 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 500 micrograms/mL bovine serum albumin and in the same medium without T3 (PCM-0). The cells only grew in PCM-10 when low concentrations of horse serum were added. Attempts to replace the serum factor requirement with known growth factors and adhesion proteins were unsuccessful. The Mr 65,000-72,000 serum factor regulating T3-induced growth (thyromedin) was purified to homogeneity and identified as equine transferrin R and/or D by amino acid sequencing. The ED50 in PCM-10 was 17-40 micrograms/mL (260-620 nM) while in PCM-0 half-maximum growth was not achieved at 200 micrograms/mL. Concentrations of 75 micrograms/mL in PCM-10 caused 80% of serum-stimulated growth rate. Removal of iron from thyromedin, and assay in iron salts reduced PCM-10, increased the specific activity 110-270-fold to ED50 150 ng/mL (2.3 nM); at 1.0 micrograms/mL, growth in PCM-10 was 16-fold greater than in PCM-0. Iron saturation of thyromedin caused total loss of biological activity. We conclude that the horse transferrin variant isolated in this report is active as apotransferrin.
An In Vivo Assay for the Reverse Transcriptase of Human Retrotransposon L1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1994)

L1 elements constitute a highly repetitive human DNA family (50,000 to 100,000 copies) lacking long terminal repeats and ending in a poly(A) tail. Some L1 elements are capable of retrotransposition in the human genome (Kazazian, H. H., Jr., C. Wong, H. Youssoufian, A. F. Scott, D. G. Phillips, and S.E. Antonarakis, Nature (London) 332:164-166, 1988). Although most are 5' truncated, a consensus sequence of complete L1 elements is 6 kb long and contains two open reading frames (ORFs) (Scott, A. F., B. J. Schmeckpeper, M. Abdelrazik, C. T. Comey, B. O'Hara, J. P. Rossiter, T. Cooley, P. Health, K. D. Smith, and L. Margolet, Genomics 1:113-125, 1987). The protein encoded by ORF2 has reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in vitro (Mathias, S. L., A. F. Scott, H. H. Kazazian, Jr., J. D. Boeke, and A. Gabriel, Science 254:1808-1810, 1991). Because L1 elements are so numerous, efficient methods for identifying active copies are required. We have developed a simple in vivo assay for the activity of L1 RT based on the system developed by Derr et al. (Derr, L. K., J. N. Strathern, and D. J. Garfinkel, Cell 67:355-364, 1991) for yeast HIS3 pseudogene formation. L1 ORF2 displays an in vivo RT activity similar to that of yeast Ty1 RT in this system and generates pseudogenes with unusual structures. Like the HIS3 pseudogenes whose formation depends on Ty1 RT, the HIS3 pseudogenes generated by L1 RT are joined to Ty1 sequences and often are part of complex arrays of Ty1 elements, multiple HIS3 pseudogenes, and hybrid Ty1/L1 elements. These pseudogenes differ from those previously described in that there are base pairs of unknown origin inserted at several of the junctions. In two of three HIS3 pseudogenes studied, the L1 RT appears to have jumped from the 5' end of a Ty1/L1 transcript to the poly(A) tract of the HIS3 RNA.
Unique gene expression program of human germinal center T helper cells (2004)

Gene expression profiling was used to compare the gene expression patterns of human germinal center (GC) T helper (Th) cells with other CD4+ T-cell subsets (naive, central, and effector memory T cells). GC-Th cells, specifically localized in germinal centers to help B cells, are distantly related to central and effector memory T cells in global gene expression profiles. GC-Th cells displayed substantial differences in mRNA for adhesion molecules, chemoattractant receptors, and cytokines compared with other populations. Distinct expression of transcriptional factors by GC-Th cells is consistent with the hypothesis that they may be different from other T cells in cell lineage. Interestingly, CXCL13, a critical chemokine for B-cell entry to lymphoid follicles, is one of the most highly up-regulated genes in GC-Th cells. GC-Th cells (but not other T cells) produce and secrete large amounts of functional CXCL13 upon T-cell receptor activation, a process that is dependent on costimulation, requires translation and transcription, and is dramatically enhanced by activation in the presence of GC-B cells. This study revealed for the first time the unique gene expression program of GC-Th cells.
NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS FROM ROSEMARY AND SAGE (1977)

ABSTRACT The presence of antioxidants in spices, specifically Rosemary and sage, is well known. However, the extracts of such spices usually have a strong odor and bitter taste and therefore cannot be used in most food products. This paper reports a patented process for the extraction of Rosemary and sage followed by a vacuum steam distillation of the extract in an edible oil or fat to obtain a bland natural antioxidant. Fractionation and characterization of the active antioxidant ingredient in the extract of Rosemary and sage is also reported.
Low-density lipoprotein as a carrier of antitumoral drugs: in vivo fate of drug-human low-density lipoprotein complexes in mice. (1986)

Previous studies have demonstrated that human leukemic cells and certain cancer cells in culture have a higher uptake of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) than the corresponding normal cells. Therefore LDL has been proposed as a drug carrier for anticancer agents. In the present investigation, we have developed a method to incorporate a lipophilic derivative of doxorubicin, N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate, into LDL. The method involves lyophilization of LDL in the presence of sucrose as protective agent and gives an N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate-LDL complex containing about 100 drug molecules per LDL particle. The in vivo fate of the complex in mice as judged from the disappearance from plasma and accumulation in organs was similar to that of native LDL. When cultured human fibroblasts were incubated with N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate-LDL, cellular drug accumulation was dependent on the LDL receptor activity of the cells. The covalent linkage of two anthracycline derivatives to lysine residues of LDL yielded conjugates with drug/LDL molar ratios ranging up to 80. With increasing substitution, there was a progressive decline in the affinity of the conjugate for the LDL receptor in vitro. The in vivo fate of such conjugates was quite similar to that of native LDL. We conclude that it is possible to associate cytotoxic agents with LDL without interfering with its in vivo behavior.
Sequence and centromere proximal location of a transformation enhancing fragmentanslfromAspergillus nidulans (1987)

The Aspergillus nidulans sequence ans1, previously known to enhance transformation frequencies of pyr4-based vectors, was shown to enhance the efficiency of argB and trpC-based vectors. Increased efficiencies could be obtained by constructing vectors containing argB and ans1 or by cotransforming selectable plasmids (containing argB, trpC, or pyr4) with the non-selectable ans1 sequence. The preponderance of evidence suggests that the mechanism of ans1 activity does not involve homologous recombination events, in spite of the presence of multiple regions of homology in the A. nidulans genome. Genetic mapping localized ans1 to the vicinity of the centromere of linkage group I. The nucleotide sequence of a 1.8 Kb functional subclone of ans1 was determined and found to be highly A + T rich (81%).
Electrochemical tuning of electronic states in single-wall carbon nanotubes studied by in situ absorption spectroscopy and ac resistance (2001)

Electrochemical doping of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) films and concomitant changes in their electronic states were investigated by in situ measurements of optical absorption spectra as well as of ac resistance using a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. A systematic, consistent, and reversible variation of these properties induced by the shift in the electrode potential demonstrated the practicability of fine and continuous tuning of their electronic states. Analysis of the potential dependence of the absorbance at 0.68 eV enabled the estimation of average values of the electron affinity (4.8 eV) and the first ionization potential (5.4 eV) of semiconducting SWNTs.
Dietary fructose in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2013)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in adults and children. A number of genetic and environmental factors are known to predispose individuals to NAFLD. Certain dietary sugars, particularly fructose, are suspected to contribute to the development of NAFLD and its progression. The increasing quantity of fructose in the diet comes from sugar additives (most commonly sucrose and high fructose corn syrup) in beverages and processed foods. Substantial links have been demonstrated between increased fructose consumption and obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Growing evidence suggests that fructose contributes to the development and severity of NAFLD. In human studies, fructose is associated with increasing hepatic fat, inflammation, and possibly fibrosis. Whether fructose alone can cause NAFLD or if it serves only as a contributor when consumed excessively in the setting of insulin resistance, positive energy balance, and sedentary lifestyle is unknown. Sufficient evidence exists to support clinical recommendations that fructose intake be limited through decreasing foods and drinks high in added (fructose-containing) sugars.
Human monoclonal islet cell antibodies from a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus reveal glutamate decarboxylase as the target antigen. (1992)

The autoimmune phenomena associated with destruction of the beta cell in pancreatic islets and development of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) include circulating islet cell antibodies. We have immortalized peripheral blood lymphocytes from prediabetic individuals and patients with newly diagnosed IDDM by Epstein-Barr virus transformation. IgG-positive cells were selected by anti-human IgG-coupled magnetic beads and expanded in cell culture. Supernatants were screened for cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies using the conventional indirect immunofluorescence test on cryostat sections of human pancreas. Six islet cell-specific B-cell lines, originating from a patient with newly diagnosed IDDM, could be stabilized on a monoclonal level. All six monoclonal islet cell antibodies (MICA 1-6) were of the IgG class. None of the MICA reacted with human thyroid, adrenal gland, anterior pituitary, liver, lung, stomach, and intestine tissues but all six reacted with pancreatic islets of different mammalian species and, in addition, with neurons of rat cerebellar cortex. MICA 1-6 were shown to recognize four distinct antigenic epitopes in islets. Islet cell antibody-positive diabetic sera but not normal human sera blocked the binding of the monoclonal antibodies to their target epitopes. Immunoprecipitation of 35S-labeled human islet cell extracts revealed that a protein of identical size to the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) was a target of all MICA. Furthermore, antigen immunotrapped by the MICA from brain homogenates showed glutamate decarboxylase enzyme activity. MICA 1-6 therefore reveal glutamate decarboxylase as the predominant target antigen of cytoplasmic islet cell autoantibodies in a patient with newly diagnosed IDDM.
Efficient, fast response light-emitting electrochemical cells: Electroluminescent and solid electrolyte polymers with interpenetrating network morphology (1996)

The device performance of light-emitting electrochemical cells is improved by adding a bifunctional liquid additive into the light-emitting layer. Because of the surfactant-like character of the additive, the light-emitting layer exhibits a high surface area bicontinuous three-dimensional network morphology. The semiconducting polymer forms a continuous network phase enabling electronic transport of injected electron and holes: the electrolyte forms a continuous network phase enabling fast ion transport; the nm length scale of the phase separated network enables rapid, effective transport of the ions into the conducting polymer during electrochemical doping.
A defect of immunoregulatory T cell subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus patients demonstrated with anti-2H4 antibody. (1987)

The cell surface phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients was characterized with the anti-2H4 monoclonal antibody that defines the human suppressor inducer subset. The T4+2H4+ population of cells has been shown to be critical for the activation of T8+ suppressor cells. Patients with SLE has a markedly decreased percentage of T4+2H4+ cells (13 +/- 2%) in their PBL compared with normal controls (21 +/- 1%) (P less than 0.001). This reduction was greatest in patients with active SLE, especially those with renal disease. Serial analysis of patients with SLE and renal disease showed a correlation between percent positive circulating T4+2H4+ cells and disease activity. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between a low percentage of T4+2H4+ cells and decreased suppressor-inducer function in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction-activated T4+ cells from SLE patients. Thus, a deficiency exists in SLE patients with active renal disease in the T4+2H4+ suppressor-inducer T cell subset.
Functional Genomic Analysis of Fluconazole Susceptibility in the Pathogenic Yeast Candida glabrata : Roles of Calcium Signaling and Mitochondria (2004)

The pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata exhibits innate resistance to fluconazole, the most commonly used antifungal agent. By screening a library of 9,216 random insertion mutants, we identified a set of 27 genes which upon mutation, confer altered fluconazole susceptibility in C. glabrata. Homologues of three of these genes have been implicated in azole and/or drug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: two of these belong to the family of ABC transporters (PDR5 and PDR16), and one is involved in retrograde signaling from mitochondria to nucleus (RTG2). The remaining 24 genes are involved in diverse cellular functions, including ribosomal biogenesis and mitochondrial function, activation of RNA polymerase II transcription, nuclear ubiquitin ligase function, cell wall biosynthesis, and calcium homeostasis. We characterized two sets of mutants in more detail. Strains defective in a putative plasma membrane calcium channel (Cch1-Mid1) were modestly more susceptible to fluconazole but showed a significant loss of viability upon prolonged fluconazole exposure, suggesting that calcium signaling is required for survival of azole stress in C. glabrata. These mutants were defective in calcium uptake in response to fluconazole exposure. The combined results suggest that, in the absence of Ca(2+) signaling, fluconazole has a fungicidal rather than a fungistatic effect on C. glabrata. The second set of mutants characterized in detail were defective in mitochondrial assembly and organization, and these exhibited very high levels of fluconazole resistance. Further analysis of these mutants indicated that in C. glabrata a mechanism exists for reversible loss of mitochondrial function that does not involve loss of mitochondrial genome and that C. glabrata can switch between states of mitochondrial competence and incompetence in response to fluconazole exposure.
Improved Chen-Smith image coder (2002)

An image compression system based on transform coding and zonal sampling is presented. It is based on the Chen-Smith coder, but with an improved technique for transform coefficient quantization and the replacement of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) by the lapped orthogonal transform (LOT). The system leads to signal-to-noise ratios that are from 1.5 to 2.0 dB above those obtained with the standard JPEG algorithm, for a wide variety of test images and compression rates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Carbohydrate Microarrays by Microcontact “Click” Chemistry (2008)

Carbohydrate microarrays can be prepared by microcontact printing of carbohydrate alkyne conjugates on azide self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The carbohydrates are immobilized by a "click" reaction in the contact area between the stamp and the substrate. The immobilized carbohydrates retain their characteristic selectivity toward lectins.
Efficient navigation around complex virtual environments (1997)

Current virtual environment (VE) systems employ a number of techniques for navigation such & walking on a plane, or flying through space. When exploring complex environments such as building interiors, the navigable spaces might include bridges, steps and slopes, and in some applications it is desirable to keep the participant at a realistic height above the ground. The techniques described in this paper can track the surface point which the participant is above for a tiny computational cost.
Artificial Brownian motors: Controlling transport on the nanoscale (2009)

In systems possessing spatial or dynamical symmetry breaking, Brownian motion combined with unbiased external input signals, deterministic and random alike, can assist directed motion of particles at submicron scales. In such cases, one speaks of ``Brownian motors.'' In this review the constructive role of Brownian motion is exemplified for various physical and technological setups, which are inspired by the cellular molecular machinery: the working principles and characteristics of stylized devices are discussed to show how fluctuations, either thermal or extrinsic, can be used to control diffusive particle transport. Recent experimental demonstrations of this concept are surveyed with particular attention to transport in artificial, i.e., nonbiological, nanopores, lithographic tracks, and optical traps, where single-particle currents were first measured. Much emphasis is given to two- and three-dimensional devices containing many interacting particles of one or more species; for this class of artificial motors, noise rectification results also from the interplay of particle Brownian motion and geometric constraints. Recently, selective control and optimization of the transport of interacting colloidal particles and magnetic vortices have been successfully achieved, thus leading to the new generation of microfluidic and superconducting devices presented here. The field has recently been enriched with impressive experimental achievements in building artificial Brownian motor devices that even operate within the quantum domain by harvesting quantum Brownian motion. Sundry akin topics include activities aimed at noise-assisted shuttling other degrees of freedom such as charge, spin, or even heat and the assembly of chemical synthetic molecular motors. This review ends with a perspective for future pathways and potential new applications.