gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P05 ED11—a novel huntington based peptide as a CASPASE-6 inhibitor (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Caspase-6 involvement in Huntington9s disease (HD) is now well established, as caspase-6 has a key role in the apoptotic events seen in HD. It has been shown that caspase-6 is activated early in the disease course, inducing different cellular dysfunctions. Importantly, caspase-6 proteolysis of mutant huntingtin is known to be an essential process in generating toxic N-terminal fragments, which leads to neurodegeneration and symptoms onset. Therefore, interfering with caspase-6 activity was suggested as a promising therapeutic target for reducing mutant huntingtin toxicity, and rescuing neuronal cells from degeneration. <h3>Aims</h3> The aim of this study is to develop a novel peptide (ED11), based on huntingtin Caspase-6 cleavage site, and fused to a cell penetrating peptide, which will serve as an efficient competitive inhibitor of caspase-6 cleavage, thus reducing HD related toxicity. <h3>Methods</h3> Using purified caspase-6 activity luminescence assay, the peptide (ED11) caspase-inhibition ability was measured. To test ED11 ability to protect cells from HD related toxicity, neuronal (SH-SY5Y) cells were placed under glutamate toxicity and three parameters were tested: Caspase-6 activity was measured using FLICA in-cell caspase activity assay, cell viability was measured by Alamar blue assay, and cell apoptosis was assessed using annexin V-PI flow-cytometry analysis. <h3>Results</h3> We have demonstrated that ED11 significantly reduces caspase-6 specific activity. Moreover, in neuronal cells it inhibited caspase-6 activity under stress, and protected the cells from glutamate toxicity, an important factor in the pathogenesis of HD. Importantly, ED11 was found to be non-toxic to neuronal cells even in high doses. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ED11 was shown to inhibit caspase-6 activity and provided protection against glutamate toxicity in vitro. These results show the potential of ED11 as a novel therapeutic compound in HD.
Electrically controlled colour-changing textiles using the resistive heating properties of PEDOT nanofibers (2010)

Conductive PEDOT nanofiber mats were obtained by the electrospinning of oxidant fibers and subsequent vapour-phase polymerization of the EDOT monomer. The mats presented high conductivities as well as unprecedented resistive heating properties. Electrically controlled colour-changing textiles were produced by coating thermochromic inks on the PEDOT mats and triggering the colour change by applying current to the mat.
The case for chemonucleolysis in discogenic sciatica A review (1992)

(1992). The case for chemonucleolysis in discogenic sciatica A review. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 63, No. 5, pp. 571-575.
Convection-enhanced delivery of boronated epidermal growth factor for molecular targeting of EGF receptor-positive gliomas. (2002)

Convection enhanced delivery (CED) is potentially a powerful method to improvethe targeting of macromolecules to the central nervous system by applying a pressure gradient to establish bulk flow through the brain interstitium during infusion. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate CED as a means to improve the intracerebral and intratumoral (i.t.) uptake of a heavily boronated macromolecule (dendrimer; BD) linked to epidermal growth factor (EGF) for neutron capture therapy in rats bearing a syngeneic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) + glioma. Boronated EGF was radiolabeled with 125I and administered by CED at a rate of 0.33 micro l/min for 15, 30, and 60 min [infusion volumes (V(I)) of 5, 10, and 20 micro l, respectively], using a syringe pump connected to an indwelling cannula implanted into the right caudate nucleus of normal rats or i.t. in rats bearing either F98(EGFR) or F98 wild-type (F98(WT)) gliomas. After infusion, rats were euthanized, and their brains were removed and serially sectioned. The uptake and biodistribution of (125)I-boronated EGF in tumor or brain was studied by quantitative autoradiography and gamma-scintillation counting. The volume of distribution (V(d)) in brain was assessed using a computer interfaced image analysis system. After CED, the V(d) increased from 34.4 to 123.5 micro l with corresponding V(i) ranging from 5 to 20 micro l. The V(d) of BD-EGF in the brain was 64.8 +/- 13.4 micro l with CED (V(i) 10 micro ), and the V(d):V(i) ratio was 6.5 compared with a V(d) of 9.4 +/- 1.6 micro l and a V(d):V(i) ratio of 0.9 after direct intracerebral injection. As determined by quantitative autoradiography and gamma-scintillation counting at 24 h after CED, 47.4% of the injected dose per gram tissue (%ID/g) was localized in F98(EGFR) gliomas compared with 33.2%ID/g after direct i.t. injection and 12.3%ID/g in F98(WT) gliomas. On the basis of these observations, we have concluded that CED is more effective than i.t. injection as a way to deliver boronated EGF to EGFR (+) gliomas for boron neutron capture therapy.
Effects of Renal Denervation and Renin Depletion on the Renal Responses to Intravascular Volume Expansion (1972)

From the Departments of Physiology and Surgery, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia Surgical Fellow supported by Grant HE 05815–01 from National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service. Recipient of Research Career Development Award 1-K3-HE 36,005–1 from the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public health Service. Present address: Department of Physiology, University of Nebraska School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska.
Antitumor Activity of the Glutaminase Inhibitor CB-839 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2014)

Glutamine serves as an important source of energy and building blocks for many tumor cells. The first step in glutamine utilization is its conversion to glutamate by the mitochondrial enzyme glutaminase. CB-839 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of both splice variants of glutaminase (KGA and GAC). CB-839 had antiproliferative activity in a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, HCC-1806, that was associated with a marked decrease in glutamine consumption, glutamate production, oxygen consumption, and the steady-state levels of glutathione and several tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. In contrast, no antiproliferative activity was observed in an estrogen receptor-positive cell line, T47D, and only modest effects on glutamine consumption and downstream metabolites were observed. Across a panel of breast cancer cell lines, GAC protein expression and glutaminase activity were elevated in the majority of TNBC cell lines relative to receptor positive cells. Furthermore, the TNBC subtype displayed the greatest sensitivity to CB-839 treatment and this sensitivity was correlated with (i) dependence on extracellular glutamine for growth, (ii) intracellular glutamate and glutamine levels, and (iii) GAC (but not KGA) expression, a potential biomarker for sensitivity. CB-839 displayed significant antitumor activity in two xenograft models: as a single agent in a patient-derived TNBC model and in a basal like HER2(+) cell line model, JIMT-1, both as a single agent and in combination with paclitaxel. Together, these data provide a strong rationale for the clinical investigation of CB-839 as a targeted therapeutic in patients with TNBC and other glutamine-dependent tumors.
Angiotensin (A I, A II, A III) receptor characterization. Correlation of prostaglandin release with peptide degradation. (1977)

We examined the ability of the angiotensins (A I, A II, A III) to release a prostaglandin E (PGE)-like substance in the isolated Krebs' perfused kidney and mesenteric vasculature of the rabbit by parallel bioassay. In the kidney, the order of potency for PGE release was A II greater than A III greater than A I with ED50's of 36, 100, and 500 pmol, respectively. In the mesenteric preparation, on the other hand, the order of potency was A III greater than A II greater than A I with ED50's of 75, 125, and 500 pmol, respectively. During one transit through the kidney 72-76% of bioassayable A I and A II was degraded. A III was 89% metabolized. In contrast, the mesenteric vasculature inactivated only 27% of A II and 23% of A III. This data suggests an inverse relationship between renal peptide degradation and PGE release. For characterization of the renal angiotensin receptor-mediating PGE release, dissociation constants (KB) of the competitive angiotensin antagonists [IIe7]-A III and [Sar1, IIe3]-A II were determined with each angiotensin. KB values of the individual antaganists were not significantly different with A I, A II, or A III; this finding suggests that one renal angiotensin receptor is involved with PGE release.
Optimal Power System Restoration and Reconfiguration in Distribution Circuit Using BFAM and BPSO (2009)

This paper approaches the problem of restoring a faulted area in an electric power distribution system after locating and isolating the faulted block and reconfiguring the system. Through this paper we are going to explain the power system restoration technique using brute-force attack method (BFAM) and binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO). This is a technique based on the possible combination in mathematical analysis which is explained in the introduction. After isolating the fault, main concentration will be towards the reconfiguration of the restored system using BPSO. Here due to fault in the system near-by agent will be affected and become useless and will go in the non-working mode. Now in order to restore these near-by loads we will give a new connection called NO (Normally Open. Using these switch system will be restored with power availability. After restoration using the BFAM, the BPSO will be used in order to provide the stable configuration. The output of the BFAM will be used as input for the BPSO and then we will reconfigure our system in order to provide the stable configuration. The effectiveness of the proposed BFAM and BPSO is demonstrated by simulating tests in a proposed distribution network and verified the results using the Matlab and C programming.
Plant disease resistance genes encode members of an ancient and diverse protein family within the nucleotide-binding superfamily (1999)

The nucleotide binding site (NBS) is a characteristic domain of many plant resistance gene products. An increasing number of NBS-encoding sequences are being identified through gene cloning, PCR amplification with degenerate primers, and genome sequencing projects. The NBS domain was analyzed from 14 known plant resistance genes and more than 400 homologs, representing 26 genera of monocotyledonous, dicotyle-donous and one coniferous species. Two distinct groups of diverse sequences were identified, indicating divergence during evolution and an ancient origin for these sequences. One group was comprised of sequences encoding an N-terminal domain with Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR), including the known resistance genes, N, M, L6, RPP1 and RPP5. Surprisingly, this group was entirely absent from monocot species in searches of both random genomic sequences and large collections of ESTs. A second group contained monocot and dicot sequences, including the known resistance genes, RPS2, RPM1, I2, Mi, Dm3, Pi-B, Xa1, RPP8, RPS5 and Prf. Amino acid signatures in the conserved motifs comprising the NBS domain clearly distinguished these two groups. The Arabidopsis genome is estimated to contain approximately 200 genes that encode related NBS motifs; TIR sequences were more abundant and outnumber non-TIR sequences threefold. The Arabidopsis NBS sequences currently in the databases are located in approximately 21 genomic clusters and 14 isolated loci. NBS-encoding sequences may be more prevalent in rice. The wide distribution of these sequences in the plant kingdom and their prevalence in the Arabidopsis and rice genomes indicate that they are ancient, diverse and common in plants. Sequence inferences suggest that these genes encode a novel class of nucleotide-binding proteins.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOINDUCED TRANSFORMATIONS. 45. THE TRANSFORMATION OF JERVINE INTO 18‐FUNCTIONAL C‐NOR‐D‐HOMOSTEROIDS (1980)

Abstract Das durch modifizierte Wolff‐Kishner‐Redu tion von Jervin (I) und anschließende Acetylierung erhaltene Diace tyldesoxojervin (II) wird katalytisch zum Diol (III) oder bei Verwendung geringerer Mengen Katalysator zu (IV) hydriert.
A model for naming, addressing and routing (1986)

Naming and addressing are areas in which there is still a need for clarification. Many definitions for names, addresses, and routes have been proposed, but the exact relations among these concepts are obscure. A taxonomy of names, addresses, and routes is presented. First, we identify names and routes as the essential concepts of communication. Then, addresses are introduced as an intermediate form that eases the process of mapping between names and routes; an original definition of an address is thus proposed. Relations among names, addresses, and routes are explained with the concept of mapping. On this basis, a general model relating names, addresses, and routes is built and then applied recursively throughout a layered architecture, leading to a layered naming and addressing model which may play the same role for naming and addressing features that the OS1 reference model plays for the definition of services and protocols. Finally, the model is particularized to a typical network architecture. The model may also be applied to non-OSI layered systems; naming, addressing, and routing issues in any network architecture could be a particular instance of this layered model.
Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations of KOH-etched GaN surfaces (2000)

Clear results on the origin of etch pits are reported. The surfaces of high-quality GaN epitaxial layers were etched with molten KOH and observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). AFM images for as-grown samples show dark spots indicating mixed dislocations. For etched samples, hexagonal-base etch pits were clearly observed, and the dark spots disappeared. TEM observations show that a mixed dislocation terminates at the bottom of each etch pit. The densities of etch pits and mixed dislocations are almost the same, i.e., around 3×108 cm−2. The origin of etch pits is the mixed dislocation, and the combination of KOH etching and AFM is found to be a better approach for two-dimensional evaluation of mixed dislocations.
Kinetics and reaction pathways of methanol oxidation on platinum (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and reaction pathways of methanol oxidation on platinumR. W. McCabe and D. F. McCreadyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 7, 1428–1435Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100398a043https://doi.org/10.1021/j100398a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1057Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Chloroplast ribosomes and protein synthesis (1994)

Consistent with their postulated origin from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria, chloroplasts of plants and algae have ribosomes whose component RNAs and proteins are strikingly similar to those of eubacteria. Comparison of the secondary structures of 16S rRNAs of chloroplasts and bacteria has been particularly useful in identifying highly conserved regions likely to have essential functions. Comparative analysis of ribosomal protein sequences may likewise prove valuable in determining their roles in protein synthesis. This review is concerned primarily with the RNAs and proteins that constitute the chloroplast ribosome, the genes that encode these components, and their expression. It begins with an overview of chloroplast genome structure in land plants and algae and then presents a brief comparison of chloroplast and prokaryotic protein-synthesizing systems and a more detailed analysis of chloroplast rRNAs and ribosomal proteins. A description of the synthesis and assembly of chloroplast ribosomes follows. The review concludes with discussion of whether chloroplast protein synthesis is essential for cell survival.
The different pH optima and substrate specificities of extracellular and vacuolar invertases from plants are determined by a single amino‐acid substitution (1999)

Different plant invertase isoenzymes are characterized by a single amino-acid difference in a conserved sequence, the WEC-P/V-D box. A proline residue is present in this sequence motif of extracellular invertase sequences, whereas a valine is found at the same position of vacuolar invertase sequences. The role of this distinct difference was studied by substituting the proline residue of extracellular invertase CIN1 from Chenopodium rubrum with a valine residue, by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutated gene was heterologously expressed in an invertase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. The single amino-acid difference was shown to be the molecular basis for two enzymatic properties of invertase isoenzymes, for both the pH optimum and the substrate specificity. A proline in the WEC-P/V-D box determines the more acidic pH optimum and the higher cleavage rate of raffinose of extracellular invertases, compared to vacuolar invertases that have a valine residue at this position.
Ordered hash tables (1974)

Abstract : Some variants of the traditional hash method, making use of the numerical or alphabetical order of the keys, lead to faster searching at the expense of a little extra work when items are inserted. The paper presents the new algorithms and analyzes their average running time. (Author)
Effects of hemolysis interference on routine biochemistry parameters (2011)

To avoid preanalytical visual inspection for hemolysis detection, improper sample rejection, and/or rerun because of hemolysis, it is recommended in this study that, routine determination of plasma or serum free hemoglobin concentrations is important. For the analytes interfered with hemolysis, new samples have to be requested.
Efficacy of micro nutrients on Banana fusarium wilt. (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense) and it's synergistic action with Trichoderma viride. (2008)

In the present investigations, efficacy of micro nutrients viz., (calcium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, copper sulphate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, borax, ferrous sulphate and zinc sulphate) against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense causing panama wilt of banana were studied. The results of experiment revealed that among the micro nutrients used, borax @ 500 and 750 ppm completely inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense followed by zinc sulphate (47.3, 42.7, 31.0 and 14.3 mm at 100, 250, 500 and 750 ppm respectively). The incorporation of borax in solid medium at higher concentrations viz., 500 and 750 ppm., significantly decreased the mycelial growth of the T.viride, whereas the sporulation capacity of T.viride (207.48 x 108 spores/ sq.cm @ 500 ppm) was found to be maximised by the addition of borax. In general, the antagonist was compatible with borax at low concentrations. The maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp cubense was found in borax and T. viride inoculated medium.
Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2 Enhances Release Probability at Quiescent Synapses (2006)

We report a thorough analysis of neurotransmission in cultured hippocampal neurons lacking synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2), a membrane glycoprotein present in all vesicles that undergo regulated secretion. We found that SV2 selectively enhances low-frequency neurotransmission by priming morphologically docked vesicles. Loss of SV2 reduced initial release probability during a train of action potentials but had no effect on steady-state responses. The amount and decay rate of asynchronous release, two measures sensitive to presynaptic calcium concentrations, are not altered in SV2 knock-outs, suggesting that SV2 does not act by modulating presynaptic calcium. Normal neurotransmission could be temporarily recovered by delivering an exhaustive stimulus train. Our results indicate that SV2 primes vesicles in quiescent neurons and that SV2 function can be bypassed by an activity-dependent priming mechanism. We propose that SV2 action modulates synaptic networks by ensuring that low-frequency neurotransmission is faithfully conveyed.
Duration and Long-Term Efficacy of Phenylephrine-Induced Reduction in the Systemic Absorption of Ophthalmic Timolol in Rabbits (1992)

Co-administration of phenylephrine decreases systemic timolol absorption after a single topical ocular dose of timolol in rabbits. This is probably due to vasoconstriction in the conjunctiva of the eye and nasal mucosa. In this study, we evaluated the duration of action and long-term efficacy of phenylephrine in reducing the systemic absorption of ophthalmic timolol in pigmented rabbits. Although co-administered phenylephrine had a short duration of interaction with systemic timolol absorption (20-60 min), its effect on systemic timolol absorption was substantial. The long-term vasoconstrictive effect of phenylephrine was studied by administering timolol-phenylephrine eyedrops into the eyes of rabbits once a day for two months. Systemic peak concentrations of timolol following timolol-phenylephrine eyedrop administration remained unchanged throughout the study. Phenylephrine may be useful additive in decreasing the systemic concentrations of ophthalmic drugs.
Electrokinetic sorting and collection of fractions for preparative capillary electrophoresis on a chip (2008)

A microfabricated device capable of selecting and collecting multiple components from a mixture separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is described. This collection is automated and can be easily controlled by a set of rules defined by an operator, enabling fast and consistent operation. The device consists of an electrokinetically steered fluidic network that can be divided into three sections: a CE part, a fractions distribution region and a set of storage channels. Sample fractions leave the CE channel and are detected in the interfacial region by fluorescence intensity measurements. If an upcoming peak is detected, separation is withheld and the potentials are reconfigured to force the fraction into one of the collection channels, where they become available for further processing or analysis. The sequence of separation and collection is repeated until all the bands of interest are captured. A mixture of three fluorescent dyes (Rhodamine 6G, Rhodamine B and Fluorescein) was used to demonstrate the principle. The components were repeatedly separated by means of CE and pooled in their respective storage channels. In comparison to previous developments, the system presented in this paper offers automatic collection of all fractions in a single run. Furthermore, it is possible to run the system in a repetitive mode for accumulative pooling if more fractionated sample is required.