gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human NK cells: from HLA class I‐specific killer Ig‐like receptors to the therapy of acute leukemias (2008)

Over the past 20 years, major progress has been made in our understanding of natural killer (NK) cells. It has become clear that NK cells are regulated by a number of receptors with opposite functions that finely tune potent effector functions such as cytolytic activity and release of cytokines that play a major role in inflammation and immunoregulation. This review traces the major advances in human NK cell biology from the original discovery of human leukocyte antigen class I-specific inhibitory receptors to recent groundbreaking clinical applications. These, in turn, led to major achievements and further expectations in the cure of high risk of otherwise fatal leukemias. It has become evident that there is a role of donor-derived 'alloreactive' NK cells in eradicating acute myeloid (and now also lymphoid) leukemias in the T-cell-depleted haploidentical hemopoietic stem cell transplantation setting. The key role played also in preventing graft rejection and graft versus host disease renders alloreactive NK cells an ideal tool for successful haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
The Sweetpotato or Silverleaf Whiteflies: Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci or a Species Complex? (1995)

With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in ...Read More
N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Antagonists and Neuropathic Pain:  The Search for Relief (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTN-Methyl-d-Aspartate Antagonists and Neuropathic Pain: The Search for ReliefWayne E. Childers and Reinhardt B. BaudyView Author Information Department of Chemical & Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, Inc., CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2007, 50, 11, 2557–2562Publication Date (Web):May 10, 2007Publication History Received15 June 2006Published online10 May 2007Published inissue 1 May 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm060728bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm060728breview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1631Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antagonists,Ions,Neurophysiology,Peptides and proteins,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Fundamentals of Genetic Epidemiology (1993)

Abstract Fundamentals of Genetic Epidemiology meets the need for a sophisticated approach to the investigation of the causes of complex chronic diseases. This integrated text describes the principles, methods, and approaches of epidemiology and genetics in the study of disease etiology. It provides an historical overview of genetics and epidemiology and their gradual rapprochement, describing the fundamental research strategies of genetic epidemiology including population and family studies. The authors also illustrate the increasing importance of genetic epidemiology in its application to preventive medicine, public health surveillance and the emerging ethical issues regarding the use of genetic information in society.
The Chemistry of Taxol, a Clinically Useful Anticancer Agent (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Taxol, a Clinically Useful Anticancer AgentDavid G. I. Kingston, G. Samranayake, and C. A. IveyCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1990, 53, 1, 1–12Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50067a001https://doi.org/10.1021/np50067a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1213Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Las representaciones sociales de los familiares de pacientes quemados (2013)

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Relationship between interfacial native oxide thickness and bonding temperature in directly bonded silicon wafer pairs (1992)

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe the morphology of the interfacial native oxide layers in the bonding interfaces of Czochralski (CZ) and float-zone (FZ) silicon pairs that were bonded at different temperatures. It is shown that the thickness of the interfacial native oxide layers decreases with increasing bonding temperature in the temperature range of 200 °C to 600 °C, and remains fairly constant in the range of 600 °C to 1200 °C in both CZ and FZ silicon wafer pairs. Three factors are proposed to interpret this phenomenon: bonding interface phase transition, variation of native oxide chemical structure, and relaxation of stress in native oxide. A different factor dominates the change in thickness of the interfacial oxide layers in a different temperature range.
Motion- and aliasing-compensated prediction for hybrid video coding (2003)

In order to reduce the bit rate of video signals, the standardized coding techniques apply motion-compensated prediction in combination with transform coding of the prediction error. By mathematical analysis, it is shown that aliasing components are deteriorating the prediction efficiency. In order to compensate the aliasing, two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional interpolation filters are developed. As a result, motion- and aliasing-compensated prediction with 1/4-pel displacement vector resolution and a separable 2-D Wiener interpolation filter provide a coding gain of up to 2 dB when compared to 1/2-pel displacement vector resolution as it is used in H.263 or MPEG-2. An additional coding gain of 1 dB can be obtained with 1/8-pel displacement vector resolution when compared to 1/4-pel displacement vector resolution. In consequence of the significantly improved coding efficiency, a Wiener interpolation filter and 1/4-pel displacement vector resolution is applied in H.264/AVC and in MPEG-4 (advanced simple profile).
Immunostimulation by vitamin C. (1982)

A review of the literature shows that vitamin C undoubtedly has a positive effect on some mechanisms of the natural resistance against infections as well as on the immune response. It is generally accepted that vitamin C increases the chemotaxis of granulocytes and of macrophages. There is also ample evidence that vitamin C increases the phagocytic activity of granulocytes as well as of macrophages. As to the effect of vitamin C on the immune response, the available data allow the conclusion that vitamin C is necessary for the induction of delayed hypersensitivity, i.e. cellular immunity. Its effect on the antibody production appears, however, to be minimal or none. In our previous in vivo studies we obtained the results which were consistent with the conclusion that high doses of vitamin C increase the efficiency of immunization with a human cell culture rabies vaccine in guinea-pigs. The purpose of this study was to establish whether relatively low doses (10 mg/kg body weight) of vitamin C have a similar effect as megadoses (100 mg/kg body weight). We observed that the efficiency of immunization with the human diploid cell culture rabies vaccine (Mérieux/Lyon) was better in the group of guinea-pigs treated with the vaccine plus vitamin C (10 mg/kg body weight) than in the group treated with the vaccine alone. The difference in the number of survivors in both groups of animals was statistically not significant, but considering the factor of repetition (a similar result in repeated experiments) we nevertheless conclude that vitamin C acts in the doses used as an immunopotentiator.
Validation of RF catheter ablation models using basket electrodes (1997)

The authors are using basket electrodes to validate electrical-thermal computer models of RF catheter ablation for the cure of tachycardias. They have measured electrical characteristics of the basket electrode and shown that accuracy degrades above 100 kHz. They present some preliminary measurements and suggest considerations for the validation of the model for RF catheter ablation.
Strain-relieved, dislocation-free InxGa1−xAs∕GaAs(001) heterostructure by nanoscale-patterned growth (2004)

A strain-relieved, dislocation-free InxGa1−xAs layer is selectively grown on nanoscale SiO2-patterned GaAs(001) by molecular beam epitaxy. By localizing the epitaxial area to a periodic array of nanoscale circular holes opened in a SiO2 mask and allowing the InxGa1−xAs epilayers selectively grown on adjacent holes to coalesce over the SiO2 mask by lateral overgrowth, the strain of the resulting InxGa1−xAs layer (x=0.06) is relieved with a dramatically decreased generation of misfit dislocations. These experimental results qualitatively support the basic idea of the Luryi-Suhir proposal [Appl. Phys. Lett. 49, 140 (1986)].
In-vivo carieslike lesion prevention with argon laser: pilot study (2000)

In vitro research has demonstrated the ability of argon laser irradiation to reduce demineralization or loss of tooth structure. This clinical pilot study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of this procedure in vivo. Using the Ogaard model of producing demineralization, the experimental teeth were irradiated with argon laser (primarily 488 nm and 514 nm) of 250 mW, approximately 12 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP> fluence, prior to banding. Polarized light evaluation of the sectioned, extracted teeth showed reduced demineralization in the experimental teeth as compared to the bilateral control teeth. Lower powered argon laser irradiation significantly reduced demineralization clinically.
Thread as a Versatile Material for Low-Cost Microfluidic Diagnostics (2009)

This paper describes a new and simple concept for fabricating low-cost, low-volume, easy-to-use microfluidic devices using threads. A thread can transport liquid via capillary wicking without the need of a barrier; as it is stainable, it is also a desirable material for displaying colorimetric results. When used in sewing, threads have 3D passageways in sewed materials. The wicking property and flexibility of thread make it particularly suitable to fabricate 3D microfluidic devices. Threads can also be used with other materials (e.g., paper) to make microfluidic devices for rapid qualitative or semiquantitative analysis. These thread-based and thread-paper-based devices have potential applications in human health diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety analysis, and are particularly appropriate for the developing world or remote areas, because of their relatively low fabrication costs.
Interaction of endothelial cells with a laminin A chain peptide (SIKVAV) in vitro and induction of angiogenic behavior in vivo (1992)

Endothelial cells are known to bind to laminin, and two peptides derived from the laminin A (CTFALRGDNP) and B1 (CDPGYIGSR) chains block the capillary-like tube formation on a laminin-rich basement membrane matrix, Matrigel. In the present study, we have used various in vitro and in vivo assays to investigate the angiogenic-biologic effects of a third active site in the laminin A chain, CSRARKQAASIKVAVSADR (designated PA22-2) on endothelial cells. The SIKVAV-containing peptide was as active as the YIGSR-containing peptide for endothelial cell attachment but was less active than either the RGD-containing peptide or intact laminin. Endothelial cells seeded on this peptide appeared fibroblastic with many extended processes, unlike the normal cobblestone morphology observed on tissue culture plastic. In addition, in contrast to normal tube formation on Matrigel, short irregular structures formed, some of which penetrated the matrix and sprouting was more apparent. Analysis of endothelial cell conditioned media of cells cultured in the presence of this peptide indicated degradation of the Matrigel and zymograms demonstrated active collagenase IV (gelatinase) at 68 and 62 Kd. A murine in vivo angiogenesis assay and the chick yolk sac/chorioallantoic membrane assays with the peptide demonstrated increased endothelial cell mobilization, capillary branching, and vessel formation. These data suggest that the -SIKVAV-site may play an important role in initiating branching and formation of new capillaries from the parent vessels, a behavior that is observed in vivo in response to tumor growth or in the normal vascular response to injury.
The binding of myelin basic protein to the Fc region of aggregated IgG and to immune complexes. (1980)

Bovine myelin basic protein was found to agglutinate polystyrene particles coated with human polyclonal IgG, monoclonal IgG1, or IgG Fc fragments, but not those coated with IgG F(ab')2 fragments, IgA, or IgM. The agglutination of Fc-coated particles was inhibited by heat-aggregated polyclonal IgG or monoclonal IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4, but not by native IgG. Reduction and alkylation of aggregated IgG did not affect their inhibitory activities. Soluble immune complexes displayed the highest inhibitory activity at a two-fold antigen excess. The interaction between myelin basic protein and aggregated IgG was confirmed by gel exclusion experiments on Sephadex G-200. The possible consequence of these findings could be significant in the interpretation of IgG deposits in brain plaques of multiple sclerosis patients and of the results of immunohistochemical studies, titration of anti-myelin basic protein antibodies and immunoassay of myelin basic protein.
Sapphyrins: New Life for an Old "Expanded Porphyrin" (1991)

Sapphyrin, so called due to its intense blue-green color, is a 22 π-electron pentapyrrolic molecule known for over 20 years. This macrocycle can now be prepared in good yield and is becoming the subject of serious current study. Although planar and aromatic, the larger size of this "expanded porphyrin" endows it with some unexpected properties in comparison to the better-known porphyrins 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis 3. Anion Binding 4. Metal Complexation 5. Future Directions
The Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Dehydrogenation of Alcohols over Copper—Chromium Oxide (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Dehydrogenation of Alcohols over Copper—Chromium OxideHomer Adkins, C. E. Kommes, E. F. Struss, and Waldemar DaslerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 7, 2992–2994Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01334a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01334a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cloning of the mammalian type II iodothyronine deiodinase. A selenoprotein differentially expressed and regulated in human and rat brain and other tissues. (1996)

The deiodination of thyroid hormones in extrathyroidal tissues plays an important role in modulating thyroid hormone action. The type II deiodinase (DII) converts thyroxine to the active hormone 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, and in the rat is expressed in the brain, pituitary gland, and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) for the types I and III deiodinases (DI and DIII, respectively) have been isolated and shown to code for selenoproteins. However, information concerning the structure of the mammalian DII remains limited, and the pattern of its expression in human tissues is undefined. We report herein the identification and characterization of rat and human DII cDNAs. Both code for selenoproteins and exhibit limited regions of homology with the DI and DIII. In the rat pituitary and BAT, DII mRNA levels are altered more than 10-fold by changes in the thyroid hormone status of the animal. Northern analysis of RNA derived from human tissues reveals expression of DII transcripts in heart, skeletal muscle, placenta, fetal brain, and several regions of the adult brain. These studies demonstrate that: (a) the rat and human DII are selenoproteins, (b) DII expression in the rat is regulated, at least in part, at the pretranslational level in some tissues, and (c) DII is likely to be of considerable physiologic importance in thyroid hormone economy in the human fetus and adult.
THE MECHANISM OF ANTI-CD3 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (1990)

OKT3, an anti-CD3 MAB, depletes T cells in vivo and is among the most potent inhibitors of acute allograft rejection. The mechanism of this inhibition is unknown. The present studies investigate whether anti-CD3 antibodies have the ability to crosslink CD3 on two different cells and induce TCR-dependent antibody-bridged cell-mediated cytolysis (TCR-ABCMC) between T cells. Two different anti-CD3 antibodies (OKT3 and CD3,3) and OKT3 F(ab')2 were all highly effective in inducing cytolysis of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells by CD8+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells by CD4+ T cells. Monovalent OKT3 Fab was 25-125-fold less potent than OKT3 F(ab')2. Monovalent CD3,X was totally ineffective. The necessity for intercellular bridging was evidenced by the observation that an anti-CD3:anti-CD4 (CD3,4) bispecific MAB (BSMAB) was effective in mediating lysis of CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells by CD8+ T cells. These studies indicate that neither FcR-mediated ADCC nor complement fixation is necessary for bivalent anti-CD3 MAB to lyse T cells. Inter-T cell TCR-ABCMC may be particularly effective in inflammatory tissues, such as rejecting allografts and autoimmune diseases, in which numerous cytolytic T lymphocytes are present in close association with other T cells.
Excitotoxicity and ALS: What is unique about the AMPA receptors expressed on spinal motor neurons? (2005)

It has been repeatedly reported that spinal motor neurons are selectively vulnerable to AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity. Therefore, identifying the uniqueness of AMPA receptors that are expressed on motor neurons, especially in individuals affected with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is essential for elucidating the etiology of this disorder. The mechanism that initiates motor neuronal death appears to be an exaggerated influx of Ca(2+) through AMPA receptors. The determinants that affect this Ca(2+) influx are Ca(2+) permeability, which is regulated by the presence of the GluR2 subunit and by RNA editing at the Q/R site of GluR2; channel desensitization, which is regulated by alternative splicing at the flip/flop site and by RNA editing at the R/G site of GluR subunits; and receptor density on the cell surface, which is controlled by many factors including regulatory proteins, direct phosphorylation and RNA editing at the Q/R site. This review focuses on recent progress on the molecular dynamics of AMPA receptors and discusses the pathophysiology of selective motor neuron death mediated by AMPA receptors in individuals affected with sporadic ALS.
TAT peptide on the surface of liposomes affords their efficient intracellular delivery even at low temperature and in the presence of metabolic inhibitors (2001)

To achieve an efficient intracellular drug and DNA delivery, attempts were made to target microparticulate drug carriers into cytoplasm bypassing the endocytotic pathway. TAT peptides derived from the HIV-1 TAT protein facilitate intracellular delivery of proteins and small colloidal particles. We demonstrated that relatively large drug carriers, such as 200-nm liposomes, can also be delivered into cells by TAT peptide attached to the liposome surface. Liposomes were fluorescently labeled with membranotropic rhodamine-phosphatidylethanolamine or by entrapping FITC-dextran. Incubation of fluorescent TAT liposomes with mouse Lewis lung carcinoma cells, human breast tumor BT20 cells, and rat cardiac myocyte H9C2 results in intracellular localization of certain liposomes. Steric hindrances for TAT peptide x cell interaction (attachment of TAT directly to the liposome surface without spacer or the presence of a high MW polyethylene glycol on the liposome surface) abolish liposome internalization, evidencing the importance of direct contact of TAT peptide with the cell surface. Low temperature or metabolic inhibitors, sodium azide or iodoacetamide, have little influence on the translocation of TAT liposomes into cells, confirming the energy-independent character of this process. The approach may have important implications for drug delivery directly into cell cytoplasm.
ESPOIR : A Program for Solving Structures by Monte Carlo from Powder Diffraction Data (2000)

Abstract A direct-space program (ESPOIR) for the crystal structure solution of small molecules, from powder diffraction data, is developed under the GNU Public License. The program allows solving the structures of the two samples distributed during the Structure Determination by Powder Diffractometry Round Robin (SDPDRR) : the tetracycline hydrochloride and a cobalt-amine. Three calculation modes are possible, either locating up to 4 different molecule fragments, or starting from a set of randomly distributed atoms, or mixed approaches. Introduction Powder diffraction is a theatre for the development of unconventional methods for stucture solution (different from classical Patterson and direct methods). However, less than 100 structures were solved from unconventional methods, and are reported in the SDPD (Structure Determination by Powder Diffractometry) Database [1]. Trying to locate a molecule in a crystalline cell while matching to either extracted &amp;quot;|Fobs| &amp;quot; or the full powder pattern or the Patterson function