gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural analysis of human complement protein H: homology with C4b binding protein, beta 2-glycoprotein I, and the Ba fragment of B2. (1986)

We report here a partial primary structure for human complement protein H. Tryptic peptides comprising 27% of the H molecule were isolated by conventional techniques and were sequenced (333 amino acid residues). Several mixed-sequence oligonucleotide probes were constructed, based on the peptide sequence data, and were used to screen a human liver cDNA library. The largest recombinant plasmid (pH1050), which hybridized with two probes, was further characterized. The cDNA insert of this plasmid contained coding sequence (672 bp) for 224 amino acids of H. The 3' end of this clone had a polyadenylated tail preceded by a polyadenylation recognition site (ATTAAA) and a 3'-untranslated region (229 bp). Four regions of internal homology, each about 60 amino acids in length, were observed in the derived protein sequence from this cDNA clone, and a further seven from the tryptic peptide sequences. The consensus sequence for each of the repetitive units of H was four cysteines, two prolines, three glycines, one tryptophan, and two tyrosines/phenylalanines. Based on the mole percent values for each of these amino acids, it is likely that H is composed of about 20 repetitive units of this nature. Furthermore, the repetitive unit of H shows pronounced homology with the Ba fragment of B, the C4b binding protein, and beta 2-glycoprotein I. Therefore, it seems that at least portions of these proteins have evolved from a common ancestral DNA element.
BUSTER - An Information Broker for the Semantic Web. (2003)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disorder in the macular region of the eye. AMD is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly population. With the increase in aged population in the world, there is an urgent need to develop low-cost, hassle-free, and portable equipment diagnostic and analytical tools for early diagnosis. As AMD detection is done by examining the fundus images, its diagnosis is heavily dependent on medical personnel and their experience. To remove this issue, computer-aided algorithms may be used for AMD detection. The proposed work offers an effective solution to the AMD detection problem. It proposes a novel 13-layer deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) architecture to screen fundus images to spot direct signs of AMD. Five pairs of convolution and maxpool layers and three fully connected layers are utilized in the proposed network. Extensive simulations on original and augmented versions of two datasets (iChallenge-AMD and ARIA) consisting of healthy and diseased cases show a classification accuracy of 89.75%, 91.69%, and 99.45% on original and augmented versions of iChallenge-AMD and 90.00%, 93.03%, and 99.55% on ARIA, using a 10-fold cross-validation technique. It surpasses the best-known algorithm using DCNN by 2%.
Detection of Apoptosis by the TUNEL Assay (2003)

Apoptosis is the name given to a normal cell process—that of programmed cell death. As the term implies, this is normally a well controlled and highly regulated series of events leading to the elimination of an “unwanted” cell. Without this process, many stages of embryogenesis would not be complete and immune responses would not be terminated (1). Failure to initiate apoptosis can induce many disease states, the most well documented being arthritis and cancer. In these conditions, the normal constraints on the life span of a differentiated cell are not present, so the cell is not eliminated (2).
Specific Targets in Tumor Tissue for the Delivery of Therapeutic Genes (2005)

Gene therapy is part of a growing field in molecular medicine, which will gain importance in the treatment of human diseases. Until now, almost two thirds of all clinical trials performed in gene therapy are directed against Cancer As solid tumors exceeding a certain size rely on blood supply, the administration of particulate gene delivery vectors via the bloodstream is a promising concept. Tumor cells and the tumor vasculature both offer specific molecular targets, which can be utilized for the site directed delivery of therapeutic genes. Passive targeting of macromolecular drugs including gene delivery vectors to tumors can be achieved by the so called enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The specificity can be markedly enhanced when tumor targeting ligands are used. Viral vectors, which usually do not have a natural tropism for tumor tissue, were generated to carry tumor targeting molecules on their surface. Synthetic gene delivery vectors, based on cationic lipids or cationic polymers were biochemically modified to incorporate ligands specific for tumor cells or tumor vasculature. For systemic application, these delivery systems have to fulfill certain conditions. The delivery vector should not induce any immunogenic and inflammatory responses. Several studies were conducted to reduce the immunogenicity of viral vectors; surface modification of non-viral gene delivery systems reduced their non-specific interaction with blood components. On the genetic level, tumor specific promoters add additional layers of specificity restricting the transgene expression to the tumor tissue. This review will cover the systemic application of particulate gene transfer vectors targeted to tumors and will give an overview of therapeutic concepts for cancer gene therapy.
Serological Comparison and Antigenic Relationships of Seven Serotypes of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Using the Hemagglutination-Inhibition Test (1984)

The antigenic relationships, antigenic spectrum, and immunogenicity of seven isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were examined using the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Because there was a discontinuity of antigenic relationships and a high degree of cross-reactivity among serotypes of IBV in cross-hemagglutination-inhibition tests, the range of antigenic spectrum used to group the serotypes with the HI test should be wider than the limits suggested by the plaque-reduction test. The HI test may provide valuable information in monitoring the immune status of a flock following vaccination when the area has a history of infectious bronchitis infection. It may also be used as a rapid diagnostic test if a flock is experiencing an outbreak of a disease caused by emergence of a new type of IBV. Interpretation of HI titers in evaluating immune status of chickens following infection with IBV depends on further cross-challenge and cross-protection studies of various types of IBV.
The Future of Multilocus Linkage Analysis (1992)

Current limitations and needs of linkage analysis are discussed. Possible future developments in analysis methods and computer implementation are outlined.
MEDME: An experimental and analytical methodology for the estimation of DNA methylation levels based on microarray derived MeDIP-enrichment (2008)

DNA methylation is an important component of epigenetic modifications that influences the transcriptional machinery and is aberrant in many human diseases. Several methods have been developed to map DNA methylation for either limited regions or genome-wide. In particular, antibodies specific for methylated CpG have been successfully applied in genome-wide studies. However, despite the relevance of the obtained results, the interpretation of antibody enrichment is not trivial. Of greatest importance, the coupling of antibody-enriched methylated fragments with microarrays generates DNA methylation estimates that are not linearly related to the true methylation level. Here, we present an experimental and analytical methodology, MEDME (modeling experimental data with MeDIP enrichment), to obtain enhanced estimates that better describe the true values of DNA methylation level throughout the genome. We propose an experimental scenario for evaluating the true relationship in a high-throughput setting and a model-based analysis to predict the absolute and relative DNA methylation levels. We successfully applied this model to evaluate DNA methylation status of normal human melanocytes compared to a melanoma cell strain. Despite the low resolution typical of methods based on immunoprecipitation, we show that model-derived estimates of DNA methylation provide relatively high correlation with measured absolute and relative levels, as validated by bisulfite genomic DNA sequencing. Importantly, the model-derived DNA methylation estimates simplify the interpretation of the results both at single-loci and at chromosome-wide levels.
Occult Drosophila Calcium Channels and Twinning of Calcium and Voltage-Activated Potassium Channels (1986)

In the membrane of the flight muscle cells of developing Drosophila a large calcium-sensitive potassium current, IKc, was found. It was present before the development of voltage-activated potassium channels and seems to be the first potassium current to develop in the membrane. Also present in these early cells were large numbers of occult (hidden) calcium channels, which remained inactive until the end of pupal development. These inactive calcium channels could be made to function by injecting adenosine triphosphate or ethyleneglycol tetraacetic acid into the early cells. IKc has kinetic properties resembling the later developing voltage-sensitive current IKv, and is distinct from the fast, transient calcium-dependent outward current IAc, which appears much later in development. IAc closely resembles the voltage-sensitive current IAv, also present in these cells. Thus, both of the voltage-sensitive potassium channel types, IAv and IKv, have similar calcium-sensitive counterparts, IAc and IKc, that are present in the same cells.
Effects of castration and androgen treatment on androgen-receptor levels in rat skeletal muscles (1999)

The effects of castration and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment on levels of skeletal muscle androgen receptor (AR) were examined in three groups of adult male rats: 1) intact normal rats, 2) rats castrated at 16 wk of age, and 3) rats castrated at 16 wk of age and given DHT for 1 wk starting at week 17. All animals were killed at 18 wk of age. Castration caused a decrease (P < 0.05) in the weights of the levator ani and bulbocavernosus muscles. The administration of DHT to the castrated rats increased (P < 0.05) the weights of the levator ani and bulbocavernosus muscles. Castration caused a significant downregulation of AR levels in the bulbocavernosus (P < 0.05) but had no significant effect on AR levels in the levator ani muscle. DHT administration to the castrated group upregulated AR levels in the bulbocavernosus and levator ani muscles. The plantaris muscle did not significantly (P > 0.05) change for any of the treatments. These findings suggest that the effects of castration and androgen replacement differentially affect skeletal muscle mass and AR levels.
Outer surface protein C (OspC), but not P39, is a protective immunogen against a tick-transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi challenge: evidence for a conformational protective epitope in OspC (1996)

Outbred mice were immunized with the soluble fraction of a crude Escherichia coli lysate containing either recombinant outer surface protein C (OspC or P39 of Borrelia burgdorferi B31 (low passage). Following seroconversion, the mice were challenged with an infectious dose of B. burgdorferi B31 via the natural transmission mode of tick bite. Three mice immunized with P39 were not protected; however, all 12 of the recombinant OspC-immunized mice were protected from infection as assayed by culture and serology. Although OspC has been shown to be a protective immunogen against challenge with in vitro-cultured borrelia administered by needle, this study is the first to demonstrate OspC effectiveness against tick-borne spirochetes. Following feeding, all ticks still harbored B. burgdorferi, suggesting that the mechanism of protection is not linked to destruction of the infectious spirochete within the tick. In a separate experiment, groups of four mice were immunized with protein fractions from B. burgdorferi B31 purified by preparative gel electrophoresis in an attempt to identify potential protective antigens. Many of these mice developed high-titer-antibody responses against OspC, but curiously the mice were susceptible to B. burgdorferi infection via tick bite. These results suggest that the protective epitope(s) on OspC is heat sensitive/conformational, a finding which has implications in vaccine development.
Ultrabroadband and Wide-Angle Hybrid Antireflection Coatings With Nanostructures (2014)

Ultrabroadband and wide-angle antireflection coatings (ARCs) are essential to realizing efficiency gains for state-of-the-art multijunction photovoltaic devices. In this study, we examine a novel design that integrates a nanostructured antireflection layer with a multilayer ARC. Using optical models, we find that this hybrid approach can reduce reflected AM1.5D power by 10-50 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> over a wide angular range compared to conventional thin-film ARCs. A detailed balance model correlates this to an improvement in absolute cell efficiency of 1-2%. Three different ARC designs are fabricated on indium gallium phosphide, and reflectance is measured to show the benefit of this hybrid approach.
Perspectives: Protecting Fund Shareholders from Costly Share Trading (2004)

In the wake of revelations that many mutual funds have not protected fund shareholders from abuse by late traders and market timers, the emphasis of most regulators and pundits has been on strengthening compliance. But although stopping abuses is important, most of the abuses cited are possible only because the standard mutual fund pricing and trading processes are inherently flawed. Most fund share trades that arrive late in the day are costly to existing fund shareholders whether the trades were initiated by short-term traders or by other investors. Investors and regulators need to understand how costly the current trading and pricing processes are and how to fix the problems.
EFEKTIFITAS TINGKAT KEPATUHAN PEKERJA PADA PROTOKOL KESEHATAN TERHADAP PELUANG TERJANGKIT PENULARAN COVID-19 DI PT. BATA KUO SHIN KARAWANG TAHUN 2022 (2023)

Pandemi COVID-19 telah berdampak luas pada masyarakat. Dunia usaha dan masyakat pekerja memiliki kontribusi besar dalam memutus mata rantai penularan dengan mematuhi protokol kesehatan di tempat kerja yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah. Kepatuhan terwujud dari perilaku seseorang yang terbentuk dari pengetahuan, sikap, kepercayaan, adanya fasilitas, pengawasan, dukungan dari teman atau keluarga. Seseorang yang memilki tingkat kepatuhan yang baik maka dapat meminimalisir terjadinya penularan COVID-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan efektifitas tingkat kepatuhan pekerja pada protokol kesehatan terhadap peluang terjangkit penularan COVID – 19 di PT. Bata Kuo Shin Karawang tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode asosiatif kuantitatif jenis korelasional. Sampel di dalam penelitian ini merupakan pekerja di PT. Bata Kuo Shin Karawang. Sampel ditentukan dengan menggunakan Rumus Slovin, didapatkan sample sebanyak 109 responden. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang disebar dengan link google form. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan Analisis Chi Square, analisis ini merupakan analisa yang digunakan terhadap dua variabel yang diduga berhubungan atau korelasi. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh nilai P – Value ­= 0,000 &lt; α = 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak atau Ha diterima. Jadi, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kepatuhan pekerja pada protokol kesehatan terhadap peluang terjangkit penularan COVID-19 di PT. Bata Kuo Shin Karawang Tahun 2022.
Interleukin-3 and interferon β cooperate to induce differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells with potent helper T-cell stimulatory properties (2002)

It was observed that interferon beta (IFN-beta) prevents the down-regulation of the interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain (IL-3Ralpha), which spontaneously occurs during culture of human monocytes. The functionality of IL-3R was demonstrated by the fact that IL-3 rescued IFN-beta-treated monocytes from apoptosis. Monocytes cultured in the presence of IFN-beta and IL-3 acquire a dendritic morphology and express high levels of HLA antigen class I and class II and costimulatory molecules. When stimulated by either lipopolysaccharide or fibroblasts expressing CD40 ligand (CD40L) transfectants, dendritic cells (DCs) generated in IFN-beta and IL-3 secreted high levels of IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha but low levels of IL-12 in comparison with DCs generated in IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In mixed leukocyte culture, IL-3-IFN-beta DCs induced a vigorous proliferative response of allogeneic cord blood T cells and elicited the production of high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-5 by naive adult CD4+ T cells. Finally, IL-3-IFN-beta DCs were found to produce much higher levels of IFN-alpha than IL-4-GM-CSF DCs in response to Poly (I:C) but not to influenza virus. It was concluded that monocytes cultured in the presence of IL-3 and IFN-beta differentiate into DCs with potent helper T-cell stimulatory capacity despite their low secretion of IL-12.
Public health week: marketing the concept of public health. (1992)

The Public Health Programs and Services (PHP&S) Branch of the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services began a strategic planning effort in January 1986 to meet new disease trends, curb rising health care costs, consolidate limited resources, and handle shifting demographics. A strategic plan was designed to assess the opportunities and challenges facing the agency over a 5-year horizon. Priority areas were recognized, and seven strategic directives were formulated to guide PHP&S in expanding public health services to a changing community. Health promotion was acknowledged as a critical target of the strategic planning process. Among the most significant results of the health promotion directive was the establishment of an annual Public Health Week in Los Angeles County. Beginning in 1988, 1 week per year was selected to enhance the community's awareness of public health programs and the leadership role PHP&S plays in providing these programs to nearly 9 million residents of Los Angeles County. Events in Public Health Week include a professional lecture series and the honoring of an outstanding public health activist and a media personality who has fostered health promotion. Other free community activities such as mobile clinics, screenings, and health fairs are held throughout the county. With intensive media coverage of Public Health Week, PHP&S has been aggressive in promoting its own services and accomplishments while also educating the community on vital wellness issues. The strategic methodology employed by PHP&S, with its emphasis on long-range proactive planning, is receiving national recognition and could be adopted by similar agencies wishing to enhance their image and develop unique health promotion projects in their communities.
Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging: From Planetary to Cellular Systems (1998)

BY PINA COLARUSSO, LINDA H. KIDDER, IRA W. LEVIN, JAMES C. FRASER, JOHN F. ARENS, AND E. NEIL LEWIS* LABORATORY OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES, THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, BETHESDA, MARYLAND 20892 (P.C., L.H.K., I.W.L., E.N.L.); VANGUARD RESEARCH, INC., FAIRFAX, VIRGINIA 22030 (J.C.F.); AND SPACE SCIENCES LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 94720 (J.F.A.)
Emergency Handling for MAC Protocol in Human Body Communication (2011)

The human body communication (HBC) is a technology that enables short range data communication using the human body as a medium, like an electrical wire. Thus it removes the need for a traditional antenna. HBC may be used as a type of data communication in body area network (BAN), while the devices are being in contact with body. One of important issues in BAN is an emergency alarm because it may be closely related to human life. For emergency data communication, the most critical factor is the time constraint. IEEE 802.15.6 specifies that the emergency alarm for the BAN must be notified in less than 1 sec and must provide prioritization mechanisms for emergency traffic and notification. As one type of BAN, the HBC must follow this recommendation, too. Existing emergency handling methods in BAN are based on the carrier sensing capability on radio frequencies to detect the status of channels. However, PHY protocol in HBC does not provide the carrier sensing. So the previous methods are not well suitable for HBC directly. Additionally, in the environment that the emergency rate is very low, the allocation of dedicated slot(s) for emergency in each superframe is very wasteful. In this work, we proposed specific emergency handling operation for human body communication's medium access control (HBC-MAC) protocol to meet the emergency requirements for BAN. We also showed the optimal number of emergency slots for the various combinations of beacon intervals and emergency rates.
Oriented Growth of Calcite Controlled by Self-Assembled Monolayers of Functionalized Alkanethiols Supported on Gold and Silver (1999)

This paper describes the oriented nucleation of calcite controlled by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of ω-terminated alkanethiols (HS(CH2)nX) supported on metal films. The effect of the chemistry and geometry of the organic surfaces was surveyed by using different functional groups (X = CO2-, SO3-, PO32-, OH, N(CH3)3+, CH3) and different supporting metals (Au and Ag). Optical microscopy, SEM with image analysis, and XRD were employed to characterize density and orientation of the crystals. Compared to the control surfaces of bare metal films, SAMs terminated in CO2-, SO3-, PO32-, and OH groups were more active in inducing nucleation, whereas SAMs terminated in N(CH3)3+ and CH3 inhibited nucleation. The crystallographic orientations of the crystals were distinct and highly homogeneous for each surface, but different on different surfaces. SAMs of CO2-/Au, CO2-/Ag, OH/Au, OH/Ag, SO3-/Au, and SO3-/Ag induced the face-selective nucleation of calcite from the (015), (012), (104), (103), (1 0 12), and (107) crystallographic planes, respectively. SAMs of PO32-/Au and PO32-/Ag were specific for a family of planes that form an angle of 24° and 40° with the c-axis, respectively. The high degree of orientational uniformity of the overgrown crystals (97−100% oriented crystals for well-ordered SAMs) and the decrease of uniformity as the defect density in the SAMs increased imply that nucleation takes place from the oriented, homogeneous SAM and that the specific interfacial structure is controlling orientation of crystal growth. The possible correlation between the differences in the structure of SAMs supported on Au and Ag and the orientation of the incipient crystals is discussed. Varying the geometry, chemistry, and pattern of the functional groups on SAMs provides, therefore, a tool for a fine-tuning of the orientation of crystal growth and for the formation of high-resolution patterns of oriented crystals.
The spirochetal etiology of erythema chronicum migrans Afzelius (1984)

We have obtained spirochetes from Ixodes (I.) ricinus ticks collected in different areas in Stockholm where erythema chronicum migrans Afzelius (ECMA) cases are known to occur sporadically. Titers of antibody against spirochetal isolates, cultured in modified Kelly's medium, from Swedish I. ricinus and American I. dammini ticks were determined by indirect immunofluorescence. With the I. ricinus respectively the I. dammini spirochete as antigen the ECMA group had a significantly higher median titer (73 respectively 128) than the control group (28 respectively 31). Spirochetes have also been isolated from the periphery of one ECMA lesion by injecting skin homogenates into rabbit testicles. The findings are in agreement with spirochetal etiology in ECMA.