gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD28-Specific Antibody Prevents Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Mice (2000)

Abstract The costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2 regulate T cell activation by delivering activation signals through CD28 and inhibitory signals through CTLA4. Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is caused by activated donor T cells. Previously, we showed that CD28-deficient donor T cells induced less-severe GVHD than wild-type donor T cells, suggesting that CD28 signals exacerbate GVHD. In this paper we demonstrate that CTLA4 signals attenuate the severity of GVHD. Targeting the CD28 receptor with a specific mAb modulates the receptor in vivo, inhibits donor T cell expansion, and prevents GVHD. CTLA4 signaling was necessary for this effect because treatment with a soluble ligand that blocks binding of B7 to both CD28 and CTLA4 did not prevent GVHD as effectively as anti-CD28 mAb. These results support the current model of T cell costimulation in which CD28 signals amplify GVHD while CTLA4 signals inhibit GVHD, providing evidence that selective targeting of CD28 might be a better therapeutic strategy for inducing immunological tolerance than blocking the ligands for both CD28 and CTLA4.
High-Speed Networking with LAN Switches (1997)

From the Publisher:
A timely guide to the hottest topic in networking.[LAN switching is one of the most talked about topics in networking today. With networking demands showing no signs of slowing down, LAN switching is being hailed as the answer to the bandwith and congestion problems plaguing Net users, and the switching market is expected to triple within a year. Major networking players like Cisco, Cabletron, and Bay Networks are investing heavily in the LAN switching market. In this book author Gil Held provides detailed, comprehensive coverage of what LAN switching is and how switches work.
Hierarchical Probabilistic Models for Group Anomaly Detection (2018)

Statistical anomaly detection typically focuses on finding individual data point anomalies. Often the most interesting or unusual things in a data set are not odd individual points, but rather larger scale phenomena that only become apparent when groups of data points are considered. In this paper, we propose two hierarchical probabilistic models for detecting such group anomalies. We evaluate our methods on synthetic data as well as astronomical data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The experimental results show that the proposed models are effective in detecting group anomalies.
Myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein is a unique member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (1992)

Myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a primary target autoantigen in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a widely used animal model for autoimmune demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. We have isolated several rat MOG cDNAs and confirmed their identity by comparison with MOG N-terminal peptide sequence. As expected, MOG mRNA expression is CNS-specific and peaks during active myelination. Our studies show that full length MOG mRNA is approximately 1.6 kb and encodes a signal peptide of 27 amino acids, followed by 218 residues for mature MOG (24,962 MW). A single site for N-glycosylation is found at Asn-31. Rather than the ubiquitous AAUAAA polyadenylation signal, a series of three overlapping, rare poly A signals were identified. The N-terminal half of mature MOG shares 52% identity with bovine butyrophilin, a possible lipid receptor. This same region has 39% identity with chicken B-G antigen, a major histocompatibility complex antigen involved in B cell selection and immune repertoire development. We show that both MOG and butyrophilin, each exhibiting a single Ig-like variable region domain, meet criteria for inclusion in the immunoglobulin superfamily. Moreover, MOG appears to represent a unique member of this superfamily in that it possesses two potential transmembrane domains, in contrast to a single membrane-spanning domain or glycophospholipid anchor found in all other members of Ig superfamily members.
Treatment of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with Defibrotide in noninsulindependent diabetes mellitus, A pilot study (1999)

Our preliminary data seem to suggest that Defibrotide could be proposed for medical treatment of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of certain C-4 substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine nucleosides (1989)

A series of C-4 substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine nucleosides have been synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity. Successful synthesis of various C-4 substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine nucleosides involves nucleophilic displacement by a suitable nucleophile at the C-4 position of 4-chloro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (5), followed by glycosylation of the sodium salt of the C-4 substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines with a protected alpha-halopentofuranose. Use of this methodology furnished a simple and direct route to the beta-D-ribofuranosyl, beta-D-arabinofuranosyl, and 2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl nucleosides of C-4 substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines, wherein the C-4 substituent was azido, amino, methoxy, chloro, or oxo. The regiospecificity of these glycosylations was determined on the basis of UV data and the anomeric configuration was established by 1H NMR analysis. Conclusive structural assignment was made by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of three compounds, 15, 31, and 42, as representatives of ribo-2'-deoxy-, and aranucleosides, respectively. The stereospecific attachment of all three alpha-halogenoses appears to occur by a Walden inversion (SN2 mechanism) at the C-1 carbon of the halogenose by the anionic N-1 of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine. All deprotected nucleosides were tested against various viruses and tumor cells in culture. The effects of these compounds on de novo purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis was also evaluated. Among the compounds tested, 4-chloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (16) and 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-4,7-dihydro-4-oxopyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (19) were found to be moderately cytotoxic to L1210 and WI-L2 in culture.
Monocentric Telescopes For Microlithography (1987)

The general properties of telescopic optical systems consisting of a set of concentric surfaces are discussed. It is shown that if a monocentric system existed for which an incident collimated beam emerged as exactly collimated, then the system would give geometrically perfect imaging of any point in space. It is further shown that a real image of a real object is possible only for monocentric systems containing an odd number of reflecting surfaces. Such perfect collimation is not attainable, but it can be approached, yielding very highly corrected unit-magnification systems. Two such systems, one with a single reflection and one with three, have come into general use for microlithography. Their structure and properties are discussed.
Towards developing biomarkers for glioblastoma multiforme: a proteomics view (2014)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and lethal forms of the primary brain tumors. With predominance of tumor heterogeneity and emergence of new subtypes, new approaches are needed to develop tissue-based markers for tumor typing or circulatory markers to serve as blood-based assays. Multi-omics data integration for GBM tissues would offer new insights on the molecular view of GBM pathogenesis useful to identify biomarker panels. On the other hand, mapping differentially expressed tissue proteins for their secretory potential through bioinformatics analysis or analysis of the tumor cell secretome or tumor exosomes would enhance our understanding of the tumor microenvironment and prospects for targeting circulatory biomarkers. In this review, the authors first present potential biomarker candidates for GBM that have been reported and then focus on plausible pipelines for multi-omic data integration to identify additional, high-confidence molecular panels for clinical applications in GBM.
A long-term latent reservoir for HIV-1: discovery and clinical implications (2004)

Despite the remarkable success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, it now appears that the infection is intrinsically incurable with antiretroviral therapy alone. The major reason is that the virus can persist in a latent form in resting memory CD4 cells. These cells arise when infected CD4+ lymphoblasts carrying an integrated copy of the HIV-1 genome revert back to a resting memory state. In this resting state, CD4 cells are minimally permissive for virus gene expression, and infected memory cells can survive for many years. Following re-exposure to the relevant antigen or other activating stimuli, these cells can begin to produce virus again. The existence of a stable reservoir has altered treatment strategies in several ways. HAART is no longer given with the goal of eradication. In addition, the reservoir serves as a permanent archive for wild-type virus and for drug-resistant variants that arise during treatment. Thus, once resistance to a particular drug arises, the patient will always carry that resistance. Interruption in treatment results in the re-emergence of the original wild-type virus, which often replicates better than drug-resistant virus. Although HAART cannot eradicate the infection, current regimens do come close to stopping virus evolution. Free viruses found in the plasma at low levels in patients on HAART resemble viruses in the latent reservoir and do not contain new drug resistance mutations. Thus although HAART cannot produce eradication, lifetime control of the infection with antiretroviral drugs may be possible.
Numerical analysis of GaInP solar cells: toward advanced photovoltaic devices modeling (2005)

In this paper we will focus on the GaInP solar cell. By using a numerical analysis, we could calculate the External Quantum Efficiency and the performance of the device taking into account many material and structure parameters. By fitting the calculated data and the experimental ones we can determine the exact structure further confirmed by SEM measurements. This process will be very useful to validate the simulation input parameters, to explain the behavior of a device and then to optimize the layers structure according to the requirements of this top cell into the multi-junction solar cells. In our case we are simulating concentrator solar cells, this means they are much smaller than the normal ones.
Size, Composition, and Structure of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Herpes Simplex Virus Subtypes 1 and 2 (1971)

Studies of the size, composition, and structure of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the F and G prototypes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) subtypes 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) showed the following. (i) As previously reported by Good-heart et al. HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA have a buoyant density of 1.726 and 1.728 g/cm(3), corresponding to 67 and 69 guanine +/- cytosine moles per cent, respectively. The difference in guanine plus cytosine content of the DNA species was confirmed by the finding of a 1 C difference in T(m). (ii) The DNA from purified virus on cocentrifugation with T4 DNA in neutral sucrose density gradients sedimented at 55S, corresponding to 99 +/- 5 million daltons in molecular weight. HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA could not be differentiated with respect to size. (iii) Cosedimentation of alkali-denatured DNA from purified virus with T4 DNA on alkaline sucrose density gradients consistently yielded several bands of single-stranded HSV DNA ranging from fragments 7 x 10(6) daltons to intact strands 48 x 10(6) daltons in molecular weight.
Development of Tinzaparin: A Heparinase-Digested Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (2000)

Although heparin and its properties had been discovered in the early 1920s, the different characteristics associated with different molecular-weight fractions of heparin were only recognized in the late 1970s. Tinzaparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) produced by heparinase digestion of heparin. Preclinical research on tinzaparin established that there were no differences in the antithrombotic activity compared with heparin. Clinical studies evaluating tinzaparin vs. standard heparin for thromboprophylaxis of deep-vein thrombosis in general and orthopedic surgery found that tinzaparin was as effective as standard heparin. Tinzaparin was also evaluated vs. standard heparin in the treatment of acute proximal vein thrombosis; time-to-event curves suggested that this LMWH could be more effective than standard heparin.
Enantioselective Aldol Reaction of tert‐Butyl Acetate using Titanium‐Carbohydrate Complexes (1989)

The enantioselective transformation of many aldehydes to tert-butyl esters of 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids is possible with the titanium reagent 1 (R*, see preceding communication). Acetate enolates could not be directly used previously. Surprisingly, this aldol reaction is hardly temperature dependent, so that a high induction may also be achieved at room temperature. The reagents (CPTiC13 and R*OH) can be recovered.
Azonia polycyclic quinones, o‐diazo‐oxides and related products (1970)

Abstract 4α‐Azoniaanthracene‐5,6‐ and 5,8‐dione salts have been prepared by nitric acid oxidation of their respective diols, and are shown to function as either an electrophilic dienophile or a diene component in Diels‐Alder‐type reactions. Several azonia o ‐quinones have been treated with tosylhydrazine in methanol saturated with hydrogen chloride to give unusually stable o ‐diazo‐oxides. A four‐step dehydroxylation procedure is detailed for the conversion of .5,6‐dihydroxy‐4α‐azonia‐anthracene salts to new 5‐hydroxy‐4α‐azoniaanthracene salts.
Engineering New Approaches to Cancer Vaccines (2015)

Recently, a number of promising approaches have been developed using synthetic chemistry, materials science, and bioengineering-based strategies to address challenges in the design of more effective cancer vaccines. At the stage of initial priming, potency can be improved by maximizing vaccine delivery to lymph nodes. Because lymphatic uptake from peripheral tissues is strongly size dependent, antigens and adjuvants packaged into optimally sized nanoparticles access the lymph node with much greater efficiency than unformulated vaccines. Once primed, T cells must home to the tumor site. Because T cells acquire the necessary surface receptors in the local lymph node draining the tissue of interest, vaccines must be engineered that reach organs, such as the lung and gut, which are common sites of tumor lesions but inaccessible by traditional vaccination routes. Particulate vaccine carriers can improve antigen exposure in these organs, resulting in greater lymphocyte priming. Immunomodulatory agents can also be injected directly into the tumor site to stimulate a systemic response capable of clearing even distal lesions; materials have been designed that entrap or slowly release immunomodulators at the tumor site, reducing systemic exposure and improving therapeutic efficacy. Finally, lessons learned from the design of biomaterial-based scaffolds in regenerative medicine have led to the development of implantable vaccines that recruit and activate antigen-presenting cells to drive antitumor immunity. Overall, these engineering strategies represent an expanding toolkit to create safe and effective cancer vaccines.
Epidermal growth factor potentiates in vitro metastatic behaviour of human prostate cancer PC-3M cells: involvement of voltage-gated sodium channel (2007)

1) EGF has a major involvement in the upregulation of functional VGSC expression in human PCa PC-3M cells. (2) VGSC activity has a significant intermediary role in potentiating effect of EGF in human PCa.
Naturally occurring monoepoxides of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are bioactive antihyperalgesic lipids (2010)

Beneficial physiological effects of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are widely accepted but the mechanism(s) by which these fatty acids act remains unclear. Herein, we report the presence, distribution, and regulation of the levels of n-3 epoxy-fatty acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and a direct antinociceptive role of n-3 epoxy-fatty acids, specifically those originating from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The monoepoxides of the C18:1 to C22:6 fatty acids in both the n-6 and n-3 series were prepared and the individual regioisomers purified. The kinetic constants of the hydrolysis of the pure regioisomers by sEH were measured. Surprisingly, the best substrates are the mid-chain DHA epoxides. We also demonstrate that the DHA epoxides are present in considerable amounts in the rat central nervous system. Furthermore, using an animal model of pain associated with inflammation, we show that DHA epoxides, but neither the parent fatty acid nor the corresponding diols, selectively modulate nociceptive pathophysiology. Our findings support an important function of epoxy-fatty acids in the n-3 series in modulating nociceptive signaling. Consequently, the DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid epoxides may be responsible for some of the beneficial effects associated with dietary n-3 fatty acid intake.
Narrowband Interference Mitigation For A Transmitted Reference Ultra-Wideband Receiver (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
Suppressive Effect of IL-4 on IL-13-Induced Genes in Mouse Lung (2005)

Although IL-4 signals through two receptors, IL-4R alpha/common gamma-chain (gamma(c)) and IL-4R alpha/IL-13R alpha1, and only the latter is also activated by IL-13, IL-13 contributes more than IL-4 to goblet cell hyperplasia and airway hyperresponsiveness in murine asthma. To determine whether unique gene induction by IL-13 might contribute to its greater proasthmatic effects, mice were inoculated intratracheally with IL-4 or IL-13, and pulmonary gene induction was compared by gene microarray and real-time PCR. Only the collagen alpha2 type VI (Ca2T6) gene and three small proline-rich protein (SPRR) genes were reproducibly induced > 4-fold more by IL-13 than by IL-4. Preferential IL-13 gene induction was not attributable to B cells, T cells, or differences in cytokine potency. IL-4 signaling through IL-4R alpha/gamma(c) suppresses Ca2T6 and SPRR gene expression in normal mice and induces these genes in RAG2/gamma(c)-deficient mice. Although IL-4, but not IL-13, induces IL-12 and IFN-gamma, which suppress many effects of IL-4, IL-12 suppresses only the Ca2T6 gene, and IL-4-induced IFN-gamma production does not suppress the Ca2T6 or SPRR genes. Thus, IL-4 induces genes in addition to IL-12 that suppress STAT6-mediated SPRR gene induction. These results provide a potential explanation for the dominant role of IL-13 in induction of goblet cell hyperplasia and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma.
Anti-proliferative activity of silver nanoparticles (2009)

Here, we demonstrate that uptake of Ag-np occurs mainly through clathrin mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Our results suggest that cancer cells are susceptible to damage with lack of recovery from Ag-np-induced stress. Ag-np is found to be acting through intracellular calcium transients and chromosomal aberrations, either directly or through activation of catabolic enzymes. The signalling cascades are believed to play key roles in cytoskeleton deformations and ultimately to inhibit cell proliferation.
Overcoming the challenges of topical antibody administration for improving healing outcomes: a review of recent laboratory and clinical approaches. (2017)

Therapeutic antibodies present numerous opportunities for the treatment of wounds and cutaneous conditions; however, they have not been widely adopted due to the difficulty of administering antibodies through the skin. Local antibody administration to the skin may result in fewer side effects, reduce cost of therapy and be less invasive than systemic methods and recent advances in antibody engineering have addressed many stability and formulation challenges. Penetration of the epidermal barrier is crucial to effective delivery of antibodies and other protein drugs and can be achieved through chemical or physical methods. Chemical penetration enhancement is poorly suited for delivery of large hydrophilic molecules such as antibodies; however, enhancers based on surfactants or terpenes may improve antibody delivery to the dermis and novel cell-penetrating peptides provide opportunities for well-tolerated local antibody delivery. Physical penetration enhancement methods (including electroporation, iontophoresis, microneedles and ultrasound) address many formulation challenges common to chemical penetration enhancers; however, more studies are required to demonstrate effective antibody delivery for clinical translation. While topical antibody administration to the skin remains challenging, advances in antibody engineering and skin penetration enhancement may render antibodies more viable treatment options for improving wound outcomes.
Impact of LY146032 on Streptococcus (Enterococcus) faecalis translocation in mice (1988)

The susceptibility of Swiss White mice to colonization with Streptococcus (Enterococcus) faecalis was greatly increased when the animals were given 5 mg of streptomycin sulfate per ml in their drinking water. One week after initiation of streptomycin treatment, the mice were challenged orogastrically with graded doses of streptomycin-resistant S. faecalis. The number of S. faecalis cells required to implant the intestinal tract of 50% of untreated mice was 2.9 X 10(9), but was only 4.8 X 10(3) for streptomycin-treated animals. When both groups of mice were challenged orogastrically with 4.6 X 10(6) viable S. faecalis cells, the cecum and small intestine of 100% of the streptomycin-treated animals, but only 10% of the untreated animals, were colonized with the organism. Similarly, translocation of S. faecalis to extraintestinal sites occurred in a majority of streptomycin-treated mice, but in only a small number of untreated mice. Subcutaneous administration of the experimental antibiotic LY146032 (Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.) to streptomycin-treated mice concomitant with orogastric challenge with 5.5 X 10(5) viable S. faecalis cells resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of intestinal colonization by the organism, a significant reduction in S. faecalis populations, and the absence of the organism in the liver, spleen, and heart. However, once intestinal colonization had occurred and extraintestinal infections were established, LY146032 did not significantly reduce S. faecalis populations or ameliorate the infections. We conclude that LY146032 effectively prevents translocation of S. faecalis from the intestinal tract of mice but does not resolve established extraintestinal infections.
C-reactive protein: a predictive factor and marker of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Results from a prospective population-based study (2008)

CRP levels at diagnosis were related to the extent of disease in patients with ulcerative colitis. Phenotype had no influence on CRP levels in patients with Crohn's disease. CRP is a predictor of surgery in subgroups of patients with either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.