gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constitutive and regulated expression of vitronectin. (1997)

Tissue homeostasis depends on spatially and temporally controlled expression of multifunctional adhesive glycoproteins and their cellular counter receptors, and on a tight regulation of proteolytic enzyme systems. The adhesive glycoprotein vitronectin (Vn) not only regulates adhesive events, but also controls a number of these proteolytic enzyme cascades, including the complement, coagulation, and fibrinolytic systems. However, understanding of the biological functions of this molecule is complicated due to it's conformationally lability and its tendency to self-associate. While plasma Vn is monomeric and lacks exposure of conformationally sensitive epitopes, platelet and tissue-associated Vn are believed to be conformationally altered and multimeric. The latter forms express a functional repertoire distinct from plasma Vn. While little Vn immunoreactivity is detectable in most normal tissues, increased depositions of Vn have been observed in areas of tissue injury and necrosis. Tissue Vn was believed to be plasma-derived, but recent studies indicate that extrahepatic cells have the biosynthetic potential to produce Vn and that its synthesis can be regulated under inflammatory conditions. Here, the constitutive and regulated expression of Vn, its locations in tissues and interaction with other matrix molecules are reviewed and their implications for the functions of this molecule are discussed.
Chemical precursors for studying the effects of glucosinolate catabolites on diseases and pests of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) or related plants (1993)

Abstract A range of 3, 5‐disubstituted 1,3, 5‐thiadiazinane‐2‐thiones are described which decompose in moist air to give organic isothiocyanates. Organic isothiocyanates are the main biologically active catabolites from the glucosinolate components of crucifers. The thiadiazinanethiones provide a source of organic isothiocyanates for biological studies and examples of tests with pathogens and insect pests of oilseed rape are given.
Long distance directed axonal growth from human dopaminergic mesencephalic neuroblasts implanted along the nigrostriatal pathway in 6‐hydroxydopamine lesioned adult rats (1992)

Dissociated ventral mesencephalon of 6 to 8-week-old human embryos were implanted by stereotaxic injection at different sites along the nigrostriatal pathway in adult rats, previously subjected to a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the intrinsic mesotelencephalic dopamine pathways. The recipients were immunosuppressed by daily injections of cyclosporin A to prevent rejection. At 13-20 weeks after transplantation, the implanted human neurons and their associated fiber outgrowths were visualized with a species-specific antibody recognizing human, but not rat, intermediary neurofilaments (HNF). From implants placed in the host rostral mesencephalic region, HNF-positive axonal projections were seen to extend in large numbers rostrally along the medial forebrain bundle and the internal capsule, and ramify within the caudate putamen, the ventral striatum and the amygdaloid nuclei (a distance of about 5-6 mm), and more sparsely in the frontal cortex and the olfactory bulb (a distance of about 10 mm). From implants placed in the internal capsule, abundant HNF-positive axons extended in the rostral, but not caudal, direction along the myelinated fiber bundles into the caudate putamen and the ventral striatum. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry revealed that the vast majority of the rostrally projecting HNF-positive axons were also TH-positive, and that the graft-derived axons gave rise to dense TH-positive terminal networks, above all in large areas of the previously denervated caudate putamen. From control implants of cortical neuroblasts, axonal projections were seen along the medial forebrain bundle and the internal capsule, but the axons were TH-negative and showed only sparse projections to the striatal areas. Instead, dense projections were seen, e.g., in the frontal cortex. The results demonstrate a remarkable ability of human mesencephalic neuroblasts to extend axons along the trajectories of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbocortical pathways to reach and innervate the principal striatal and limbic target areas in the forebrain. This shows that the basic requirements for the formation of long axonal pathways may be present in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) at least for certain types of projection neurons. Furthermore, it implies that the developing human neuroblasts can escape the inhibitory features known to be present along myelinated growth trajectories in the adult mammalian brain. In addition, the present approach may offer new possibilities for functional neural grafting in the rat Parkinson model, since transplanted nigral neurons placed in their natural position within the rostral mesencephalon could provide an anatomically and functionally more integrated system than the standard model with ectopically placed intrastriatal nigral grafts.
A Novel Synthetic Acyclic Lipid A-like Agonist Activates Cells via the Lipopolysaccharide/Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway (2001)

ER-112022 is a novel acyclic synthetic lipid A analog that contains six symmetrically organized fatty acids on a noncarbohydrate backbone. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 fibroblasts and U373 human astrocytoma cells do not respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the absence of CD14. In contrast, exposure to ER-112022 effectively induced activation of CHO and U373 cells under serum-free conditions. Expression of CD14 was not necessary for cells to respond to ER-112022, although the presence of soluble CD14 enhanced the sensitivity of the response. Several lines of evidence suggested that ER-112022 stimulates cells via the LPS signal transduction pathway. First, the diglucosamine-based LPS antagonists E5564 and E5531 blocked ER-112022-induced stimulation of CHO-K1, U373, and RAW264.7 cells. Second, ER-112022 was unable to activate C3H/HeJ mouse peritoneal macrophages, containing a mutation in Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, as well as HEK293 cells, an epithelial cell line that does not express TLR4. Third, ER-112022 activated NF-kappaB in HEK293 cells transfected with TLR4/MD-2. Finally, tumor necrosis factor release from primary human monocytes exposed to ER-112022 was blocked by TLR4 antibodies but not by TLR2 antibodies. Our results suggest that ER-112022 and the family of lipid A-like LPS antagonists can functionally associate with TLR4 in the absence of CD14. Synthetic molecules like ER-112022 may prove to be valuable tools to characterize elements in the LPS receptor complex, as well as to activate or inhibit the TLR4 signaling pathway for therapeutic purposes.
Silicon Substrate Removal of GaN DHFETs for Enhanced (<1100 V) Breakdown Voltage (2010)

In this letter, we present a novel approach to enhance the breakdown voltage <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$(V_{\rm BD})$</tex></formula> for AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN double-heterostructure FETs (DHFETs), grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition on Si (111) substrates through a silicon-substrate-removal and a layer-transfer process. Before removing the Si substrate, both buffer isolation test structures and DHFET devices showed a saturation of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm BD}$</tex></formula> due to the electrical breakdown through the Si substrate. We observed a <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm BD}$</tex></formula> saturation of 500 V for isolation gaps larger than 6 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> . After Si removal, we measured a <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm BD}$</tex></formula> enhancement of the AlGaN buffer to 1100 V for buffer isolation structures with an isolation gap of 12 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> . The DHFET devices with a gate–drain <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX"> $(L_{\rm GD})$</tex></formula> distance of 15 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> have a <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm BD} &gt; \hbox{1100}\ \hbox{V}$</tex></formula> compared with <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\sim$</tex></formula> 300 V for devices with Si substrate. Moreover, from Hall measurements, we conclude that the substrate-removal and layer-transfer processes have no impact on the 2-D electron gas channel properties.
Structure−Activity Relationship of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines as Ligands for Detecting β-Amyloid Plaques in the Brain (2002)

A series of novel beta-amyloid (A beta) aggregate-specific ligands, 2-(4'-dimethylaminophenyl)-6-iodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, 16(IMPY), and its related derivatives were prepared. An in vitro binding study with preformed A beta aggregates showed that 16(IMPY) and its bromo derivative competed with binding of 2-(4'-dimethylaminophenyl)-6-iodobenzothiazole, [125I]7(TZDM), a known ligand for A beta aggregates, with high binding affinities (K(i) = 15 and 10 nM, respectively). In vitro autoradiography of brain sections of a transgenic mouse (Tg2576) with [125I]16(IMPY) displayed high selective binding to amyloid-like structures, comparable to that observed by staining with thioflavin-S visualized under fluorescence. In vivo biodistribution after an intravenous injection of [125I]16(IMPY) in normal mice showed a high initial brain uptake and fast washout, indicating a low background activity associated with this iodinated ligand. Taken together, the data suggests that [123I]16(IMPY) may be useful for imaging A beta aggregates in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
The Sentinel-3 mission and its topography element (2007)

In the frame of GMES Program, ESA is currently starting the implementation phase of Sentinel-3 mission, which is intended to provide sustained Ocean and Land observation data over a period of 15 to 20 years. The Topography element of this mission will serve primarily the marine operational users but will also allow the monitoring of sea ice and land ice, as well as inland water surfaces, using novel observation techniques. The launch date for this mission is currently foreseen mid 2012.
Targeting the Tolls (2006)

IMMUNOLOGYOn the front lines of the body's defense against microbes, toll-like receptors are choice targets for drugs to combat infectious diseases and inflammation. ([Read more][1].)

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5771/184
The Structure of Tunicaminyl Uracil, a Degradation Product of Tunicamycin (1977)

Journal Article The Structure of Tunicaminyl Uracil, a Degradation Product of Tunicamycin Get access Teiichiro Ito, Teiichiro Ito Central Research Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd., Morooka, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshio Kodama, Yoshio Kodama Central Research Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd., Morooka, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kenji Kawamura, Kenji Kawamura Pharmaceutical Product Development Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd., Horikawa, Saiwai, Kawasaki Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ken Suzuki, Ken Suzuki Pharmaceutical Product Development Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd., Horikawa, Saiwai, Kawasaki Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Takatsuki, Akira Takatsuki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Gakuzo Tamura Gakuzo Tamura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 11, 1 November 1977, Pages 2303–2305, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1977.10862855 Published: 01 November 1977 Article history Received: 21 July 1977 Published: 01 November 1977
CD48 is a counter-receptor for mouse CD2 and is involved in T cell activation. (1992)

CD2 is an intercellular adhesion molecule that has been implicated in T cell activation and differentiation both in humans and mice. Although the ligand for human CD2 has been defined as LFA-3, that for murine CD2 has not been identified yet. To identify the ligand for mouse CD2, we generated a chimeric molecule consisting of the extracellular domain of mouse CD2 and human immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 Fc (mCD2Rg). A hamster monoclonal antibody (mAb), HM48-1, was established by screening mAbs that could block the binding of mCD2Rg to T cell lines at the ligand site. The putative mouse CD2 ligand recognized by this mAb was a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein with an apparent molecular mass of 45 kD, which were shared characteristics with human LFA-3. However, its expression was predominantly restricted to hematopoietic cells, unlike human LFA-3. Protein microsequencing analysis for the NH2-terminal 18 amino acid residues of the affinity-purified HM48-1 antigen revealed that it is almost identical with mouse CD48. This identity was further confirmed by the reactivity of HM48-1 with a soluble recombinant CD48 (sCD48) protein and the molecule recognized by a rat mAb raised against sCD48. A rat anti-CD48 mAb blocked the mCD2Rg binding as well as HM48-1. Moreover, sCD48 also inhibited the mCD2Rg binding to the cellular ligand. Finally, like anti-CD2 mAb, HM48-1 inhibited the phytohemagglutinin response and, when crosslinked, augmented the anti-CD3 response of splenic T cells. These results indicate that CD48 is a ligand for mouse CD2 and is involved in regulating T cell activation.
Anti-CTLA-4 therapy results in higher CD4 + ICOS hi T cell frequency and IFN-γ levels in both nonmalignant and malignant prostate tissues (2009)

Cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) blockade is an active immunotherapeutic strategy that is currently in clinical trials in cancer. There are several ongoing trials of anti-CTLA-4 in the metastatic setting of prostate cancer patients with reported clinical responses consisting of decreases in the prostate specific antigen (PSA) tumor marker for some patients. Immunologic markers that correlate with these clinical responses are necessary to guide further development of anti-CTLA-4 therapy in the treatment of cancer patients. We recently reported that CD4(+) inducible co-stimulator (ICOS)(hi) T cells that produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are increased in the peripheral blood and tumor tissues of bladder cancer patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 antibody. Here we present data from the same clinical trial in bladder cancer patients demonstrating a higher frequency of CD4(+)ICOS(hi) T cells and IFN-gamma mRNA levels in nonmalignant prostate tissues and incidental prostate tumor tissues removed at the time of radical cystoprostatectomy. Our data suggest immunologic markers that can be used to monitor prostate cancer patients who receive anti-CTLA-4 therapy and indicate that the immunologic impact of anti-CTLA-4 antibody can occur in both tumor and nonmalignant tissues. These data should be taken into consideration for evaluation of efficacy as well as immune-related adverse events associated with anti-CTLA-4 therapy.
Managing Heterogeneous Services and Devices with the Device Unifying Service (2003)

Due to the ubiquitous explosion of the Internet and the fast proliferation of heterogeneous networked devices and services, the end user are faced with a formidable task in managing it all. The Device Unifying Service presented in this paper is a novel powerful concept that allows anyone confronted with multiple devices and services to administer and manage them by themselves. With this service, different devices connected to different networks offering different types of data and communication services can be integrated and handled in a straightforward way. It allows the usage of multiple devices simultaneously and the possibility of adding, removing or changing devices in a service session. The Device Unifying Service addresses personal service management for both communication services and data services. Communication services like a normal phone call can for example easily be transferred from a fixed phone to a mobile phone or an IP phone with multimedia capabilities with the Device Unifying Service. Additionally, a data service like a WEB browsing session can be transferred from a PC to a laptop or PDA including cached information like history and bookmarks. Providing an easy way of moving services between devices, the Device Unifying Service thus fulfils the vision of service portability in an elegant way. This paper presents the concept of the Device Unifying Service, a novel service that will take care of the management, coordination and configuration of all the devices that the user has at his disposal and provide service portability and adaptation of services to devices with different characteristics. Furthermore, this paper will reveal how the first version of the Device Unifying Service has been implemented using Parlay APIs and H.323 technologies.
Phenotypic and functional profiling of malaria-induced CD8 and CD4 T cells during blood-stage infection with Plasmodium yoelii (2010)

It is widely accepted that antibodies and CD4 T cells play critical roles in the immune response during the blood stage of malaria, whereas the role of CD8 T cells remains controversial. Here, we show that both CD8 and CD4 T cells robustly responded to an acute self-limiting blood-stage infection with Plasmodium yoelii. Similar to antigen-specific T cells, both CD8 and CD4 T cells showed dynamic expression of the surface proteins interleukin (IL)-7R and programmed death-1 (PD-1). Additionally, activated CD8 T cells showed differences in the expression of Killer cell lectin-like receptor G1, L-selectin and B cell lymphoma-2 and produced granzyme B, indicating cytotoxic activity, and the initially high expression of T-box transcription factor TBX21 in malaria-activated CD4 T cells indicated an early T helper type 1 (Th1)-skewed immune response. Our data demonstrate that blood-stage malaria infection results in a striking T-cell response and that activated CD8 and CD4 T cells have phenotypic and functional characteristics that are consistent with conventional antigen-specific effector and memory T cells. Therefore, a better understanding of the CD8 and CD4 T-cell response induced by blood-stage infection may prove to be essential in the development of a vaccine that targets the erythrocytic stage of the malarial parasite.
Peptide formation in the presence of a metal ion protecting group. Pentaammine cobalt(III)-peptide complexes (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeptide formation in the presence of a metal ion protecting group. Pentaammine cobalt(III)-peptide complexesStephan S. Isied and Christa G. KuehnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 21, 6752–6754Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00489a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00489a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aminoglycoside antibiotics mediate context-dependent suppression of termination codons in a mammalian translation system (2000)

The translation machinery recognizes codons that enter the ribosomal A site with remarkable accuracy to ensure that polypeptide synthesis proceeds with a minimum of errors. When a termination codon enters the A site of a eukaryotic ribosome, it is recognized by the release factor eRF1. It has been suggested that the recognition of translation termination signals in these organisms is not limited to a simple trinucleotide codon, but is instead recognized by an extended tetranucleotide termination signal comprised of the stop codon and the first nucleotide that follows. Interestingly, pharmacological agents such as aminoglycoside antibiotics can reduce the efficiency of translation termination by a mechanism that alters this ribosomal proofreading process. This leads to the misincorporation of an amino acid through the pairing of a near-cognate aminoacyl tRNA with the stop codon. To determine whether the sequence context surrounding a stop codon can influence aminoglycoside-mediated suppression of translation termination signals, we developed a series of readthrough constructs that contained different tetranucleotide termination signals, as well as differences in the three bases upstream and downstream of the stop codon. Our results demonstrate that the sequences surrounding a stop codon can play an important role in determining its susceptibility to suppression by aminoglycosides. Furthermore, these distal sequences were found to influence the level of suppression in remarkably distinct ways. These results suggest that the mRNA context influences the suppression of stop codons in response to subtle differences in the conformation of the ribosomal decoding site that result from aminoglycoside binding.
Hepatitis B virus infection (2014)

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Xylanolytic Enzymes from Fungi and Bacteria (1997)

The development of new analytical techniques and the commercial availability of new substrates have led to the purification and characterization of a large number of xylan-degrading enzymes. Furthermore, the introduction of recombinant DNA technology has resulted in the selection of xylanolytic enzymes that are more suitable for industrial applications. For a successful integration of xylanases in industrial processes, a detailed understanding of the mechanism of enzyme action is, however, required. This review gives an overview of various xylanolytic enzyme systems from bacteria and fungi that have been described recently in more detail.