gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual detection of lintel-occluded doors from a single image (2008)

Doors are important landmarks for indoor mobile robot navigation. Most existing algorithms for door detection use range sensors or work in limited environments because of restricted assumptions about color, pose, or lighting. We present a vision-based door detection algorithm that achieves robustness by utilizing a variety of features, including color, texture, and intensity edges. We introduce two novel geometric features that increase performance significantly: concavity and bottom-edge intensity profile. The features are combined using Adaboost to ensure optimal linear weighting. On a large database of images collected in a wide variety of conditions, the algorithm achieves more than 90% detection with a low false positive rate. Additional experiments demonstrate the suitability of the algorithm for real-time applications using a mobile robot equipped with an off-the-shelf camera and laptop.
Multiparameter Evaluation of the Expression In Situ of Normal and Tumor-Associated Antigens in Human Colorectal Carcinoma<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref> (1986)

The immunoreactivity of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) was studied in a series of patients with colorectal carcinomas to test the association of antigen expression with other parameters such as histopathologic stage, differentiation, and clinical outcome. Low-level binding to normal tissue and high-level binding to malignant tissue were observed with MoAb defining, respectively, a gastrointestinal cancer antigen (GICA), Leb (distal colon only), A, H type 2 antigen, X-like antigen, and the 200-kilodalton (Kd) protein of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The degree of histologic differentiation correlated with the expression of Lea antigen, A, and Y haptens, whereas a progressive loss of these antigens coincided with loss of differentiation. Two undifferentiated carcinomas expressed only two, H type 2 antigen and a highly glycosylated protein of 20-50 Kd, of the 14 antigens investigated. An interesting, but not significant, association between Leb antigen expression and more extensive disease was found: Whereas 71% of Dukes C tumors were positive for Leb, only 48% of patients with Dukes A and B2 tumors showed the presence of Leb antigen. On the other hand, the presence of B72.3-defined antigen is significantly associated with an earlier stage of disease. Chi-square tests to assess the association of antigen positivity with disease recurrence indicated a significant binding association with tumor recurrence over a broad range of percent positive cells for two MoAb defining different determinants of GICA. Similar associations, but over a narrow range of positive cells, were found for H type 2 antigen and the 200-Kd protein of CEA.
Distributed top-k monitoring (2003)

The querying and analysis of data streams has been a topic of much recent interest, motivated by applications from the fields of networking, web usage analysis, sensor instrumentation, telecommunications, and others. Many of these applications involve monitoring answers to continuous queries over data streams produced at physically distributed locations, and most previous approaches require streams to be transmitted to a single location for centralized processing. Unfortunately, the continual transmission of a large number of rapid data streams to a central location can be impractical or expensive. We study a useful class of queries that continuously report the k largest values obtained from distributed data streams (top-k monitoring queries), which are of particular interest because they can be used to reduce the overhead incurred while running other types of monitoring queries. We show that transmitting entire data streams is unnecessary to support these queries and present an alternative approach that reduces communication significantly. In our approach, arithmetic constraints are maintained at remote stream sources to ensure that the most recently provided top-k answer remains valid to within a user-specified error tolerance. Distributed communication is only necessary on occasion, when constraints are violated, and we show empirically through extensive simulation on real-world data that our approach reduces overall communication cost by an order of magnitude compared with alternatives that o er the same error guarantees.
FLT3 internal tandem duplication in 234 children with acute myeloid leukemia: prognostic significance and relation to cellular drug resistance (2003)

FLT3 is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. FLT3 internal tandem duplications (FLT3/ITDs) are reported in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and predict poor clinical outcome. We found FLT3/ITDs in 11.5% of 234 children with de novo AML. FLT3/ITD-positive patients were significantly older and had higher percentages of normal cytogenetic findings or French-American-British (FAB) classification M1/M2 and lower percentages of 11q23 abnormalities or FAB M5. FLT3/ITD-positive patients had lower remission induction rates (70% vs 88%; P =.01) and lower 5-year probability rates of event-free survival (pEF) (29% vs 46%; P =.0046) and overall survival (32% vs 58%; P =.037). Patients with high ratios (higher than the median) between mutant and wild-type FLT3 had significantly worse 2-year EFS rates than FLT3/ITD-negative patients (pEFS 20% vs 61%; P =.037), whereas patients with ratios lower than the median did not (pEFS 44% vs 61%; P =.26). FLT3/ITD was the strongest independent predictor for pEFS, with an increase in relative risk for an event of 1.92 (P =.01). Using an MTT (methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium)-based assay, we studied cellular drug resistance on 15 FLT3/ITD-positive and 125 FLT3/ITD-negative AML samples, but we found no differences in cellular drug resistance that could explain the poor outcomes in FLT3/ITD-positive patients. We conclude that FLT3/ITD is less common in pediatric than in adult AML. FLT3/ITD is a strong and independent adverse prognostic factor, and high ratios between mutant and WT-FLT3 further compromise prognosis. However, poor outcomes in FLT3/ITD-positive patients could not be attributed to increased in vitro cellular drug resistance.
B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-1/Interleukin 4 (1987)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Nitric oxide is an effector molecule in inhibition of tumor cell growth by rIFN‐γ‐activated rat neutrophils (1997)

This study was designed to determine the effector molecule responsible for the tumor-inhibitory activity of rat neutrophils treated with rat recombinant interferon gamma (rIFN-γ) in vitro. The results show that nitric oxide (NO) production by neutrophils is dependent on rIFN-γ concentration, and that neutrophil-mediated tumor cytostasis is in turn dependent on the amount of NO. NO production and tumor cytostatis by rIFN-γ-activated neutrophils were inhibited completely by NG monomethyl-L-arginine (NGMMA), a specific competitive NO production inhibitor. Tumor cytostasis was also inhibited by oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), an NO scavenger. An extracellular oxygen radical scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD), was found to increase tumor cell inhibition by rIFN-γ-activated neutrophils by a factor of 4. This SOD-enhanced cytostasis was not even inhibited by catalase. Tumor cytostasis was slightly increased by a hydroxyl radical-(-OH) scavanger, dimethylthiourea (DMTU), which did not affect NO production by rIFN-γ-activated neutrophils. Our findings suggest that tumor cytostasis of neutrophils activated by rIFN-γ is mediated by L-arginine-derived nitrogen oxidation products, and that O2− produced by these neutrophils reduces NO-mediated tumor cytostasis at low NO concentrations. Int. J. Cancer 71:223-230, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Non-rigid image registration using fully convolutional networks with deep self-supervision (2017)

We propose a novel non-rigid image registration algorithm that is built upon fully convolutional networks (FCNs) to optimize and learn spatial transformations between pairs of images to be registered. Different from most existing deep learning based image registration methods that learn spatial transformations from training data with known corresponding spatial transformations, our method directly estimates spatial transformations between pairs of images by maximizing an image-wise similarity metric between fixed and deformed moving images, similar to conventional image registration algorithms. At the same time, our method also learns FCNs for encoding the spatial transformations at the same spatial resolution of images to be registered, rather than learning coarse-grained spatial transformation information. The image registration is implemented in a multi-resolution image registration framework to jointly optimize and learn spatial transformations and FCNs at different resolutions with deep self-supervision through typical feedforward and backpropagation computation. Since our method simultaneously optimizes and learns spatial transformations for the image registration, our method can be directly used to register a pair of images, and the registration of a set of images is also a training procedure for FCNs so that the trained FCNs can be directly adopted to register new images by feedforward computation of the learned FCNs without any optimization. The proposed method has been evaluated for registering 3D structural brain magnetic resonance (MR) images and obtained better performance than state-of-the-art image registration algorithms.
Mucosal immunization via M cells for production of protective secretory IgA antibodies. (1994)

Transepithelial transport of antigens by M cells in the epithelium associated with lymphoid follicles in the intestine delivers immunogens directly to organized mucosal lymphoid tissues, the inductive sites for mucosal immune responses. We have exploited M cell transport to generate and characterize specific monoclonal IgA antibodies that can prevent the interaction of pathogens with epithelial surfaces. The relative protective capacities of specific monoclonal IgA antibodies have been tested in vivo by generation of hybridoma tumors that result in the secretion of monoclonal IgA into the intestine. Using this method, we have established that the secretion of IgA antibodies recognizing a single surface epitope on enteric pathogens can provide protection against colonization or invasion of the intestinal mucosa.
Proteomics of heart disease (2003)

Heart diseases resulting in heart failure are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The underlying molecular causes of cardiac dysfunction in most heart diseases are still largely unknown, but are likely to result from underlying alterations in gene and protein expression. Proteomics now allows us to examine global alterations in protein expression in the diseased heart and will provide new insights into cellular mechanisms involved in cardiac dysfunction and should also result in the generation of new diagnostic and therapeutic markers. In this article we review the current status of proteomic technologies and describe how these are being applied to studies of human heart disease.
Economics of Nuclear Energy in a Sustainable Development Perspective (2006)

Economic competitiveness, always a cornerstone in decision making for electricity generation options, has become even more important for investors in liberalised electricity markets. Assessing the relative competitiveness of different options for electricity generation is an essential element of policy making at the governmental level as well as at the level of economic actors in the electricity sector, including private investors. The OECD activities focus on economic and policy analyses in support to policy making in its member country governments. In the electricity sector, OECD studies cover all economic aspects including direct costs of generation, externalities and impact of market mechanisms and policy measures on the relative competitiveness of alternative options. The two OECD agencies dealing with energy - the International Energy Agency and the Nuclear Energy Agency - have published a series of studies on the economics of generating electricity. The latest version of the publication - Projected Costs of Generating Electricity: 2005 Update - released in early 2005 [1] illustrates the economics of different state-of-art technologies for electricity generation.
The Causes and Consequences of Melbourne's Central City Property Boom (1991)

This paper argues that political factors interacting with a changing global economic environment generated the property boom in Melbourne's central area which culminated in 1990. Four main factors were involved: a steadily increasing demand for offfice space and only limited supply, the availabilityofan immense poolof global capital, thereduction in the cost of capital in 1987, and the creation of an encouraging climate for property investment by the State government. None of these factors were outside politics or action by the state. Governmental action at federal level wasimplicated in three of the four factors. The principal cost of the boom is an opportunity cost. Billions of dollars borrowedoverseas, on which the nation now pays a massive bill, was not invested either in industry which would have allowed Australia to trade its way out of the recession, or in social and physical onfrastructure which would have added to the general welfare
Effects of novel spermine analogues on cell cycle progression and apoptosis in MALME-3M human melanoma cells. (1997)

On the basis of encouraging preclinical findings, polyamine analogues have emerged as a novel class of experimental antitumor agents. The spermine derivative N1,N11-diethylnorspermine (DE-333, also known as DENSPM) is currently undergoing Phase I clinical trials against solid tumors. A series of systematically modified DE-333 analogues differing in intra-amine carbon distances and in N-alkyl terminal substituents (i.e., methyl, ethyl, and propyl) were evaluated in MALME-3M human melanoma cells, a cell line known to be cytotoxically affected by DE-333 and especially responsive to analogue induction of the polyamine catabolic enzyme spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase. Analogues accumulated to comparable intracellular concentrations and similarly affected cell growth with IC50 values in the 0.5-1.0 microM range. During prolonged incubations, diethyl and dipropyl analogues were cytotoxic, whereas two dimethyl analogues were cytostatic. Cell cycle analysis following treatment with the cytotoxic analogues revealed a prominent G1 block apparent as an accumulation of cells in G0/G1 and depletion of S-phase cells as well as a less restrictive G2 block. By contrast, cytostatic analogues incompletely arrested cells in G1, leaving a significant number of S-phase cells. Morphological and immunocytochemical analysis of detached cells revealed a far greater proportion of apoptotic cells with cytotoxic analogues than with cytostatic analogues. Although spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase activity was differentially induced by the analogues, there was no obvious correlation with cell cycle effects. Overall, these data indicate a previously unrecognized combined effect of polyamine analogues on cell cycle progression and apoptosis. On the basis of structure-function relationships, these activities may be manipulated to optimize therapeutic efficacy.
Strain Variation in Adenovirus Serotypes 4 and 7a Causing Acute Respiratory Disease (1999)

In order to determine the suitability of vaccine strains established in the 1960s for a new vaccine, a comprehensive study of strain variation of adenovirus serotype 4 (AV 4) and AV 7 was undertaken. A 1,500-bp region of the hexon gene containing the AV neutralization epitopes from prototype, vaccine, and community-acquired strains and from wild-type strains from military personnel that cause acute respiratory disease (ARD) was sequenced and analyzed. The whole hexon gene from prototype strains, vaccine strains, and selected isolates was sequenced. AV 7 and AV 7a were found to have distinct genotypes, and all vaccine and wild-type strains recovered from 1963 to 1997 had the AV 7a genotype. There was no significant strain variation in the neutralization epitopes of the AV 7a genotype over a 42-year period. The evolution of AV 4 was more complex, with continuous genetic drift punctuated by replacement with a new strain. The current strain of AV 4, which has been in circulation since 1995, is significantly different from the AV 4 prototype and the vaccine strains. Genetic differences were confirmed to be antigenic differences by neutralization tests, which define the new strain as an AV 4 variant. A type-specific PCR for AV 4, AV 7/7a, and AV 21 was developed, and this PCR facilitated the rapid identification of isolates from outbreaks of ARD.
Small-sized BACE1 inhibitors (2006)

The determination of the three-dimensional X-ray crystal structure of b-secretase (BACE) complexed with an inhibitor has greatly facilitated the design of BACE inhibitors. Generally, BACE inhibitors can be grouped into two main families: substrate-based inhibitors designed as peptidomimetic inhibitors and nonpeptidomimetic inhibitors. This review focuses on the rational design of inhibitors based on transition-state analogues. The structural nature of peptidomimetic inhibitors usually implies relatively poor catabolic stability and low bioavailability after systemic administration due to low blood-brain barrier permeability. To overcome these drawbacks, several different approaches have been used.
Thermal Stability of Air Plasma Spray and Solution Precursor Plasma Spray Thermal Barrier Coatings (2007)

Yttria‐stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were produced by conventional air plasma spray (APS) and solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) processes. Both TBCs were isothermally heat treated from 1200° to 1500°C for 100 h. Changes in the phase content, microstructure, and hardness were investigated. The nontransformable tetragonal ( t ′) phase is the predominant phase in both the as‐sprayed APS and SPPS TBCs. APS and SPPS coatings exhibit similar thermal stability behavior such as densification rate, hardness increase, and grain coarsening rate. Both the as‐received and heat‐treated APS and SPPS TBCs show a bimodal pore size distribution with nano‐ and micro‐size pores. After 1400°C/100 h heat treatment, equiaxed grains replace the columnar structure in APS TBCs and the splat structure disappears. Vertical cracks remain after the 1500°C/100 h exposure in SPPS TBCs. The monoclinic phase appears in APS TBCs after a 1400°C/100 h exposure and in SPPS coatings after a 1500°C/100 h exposure.
Improvement in the Production of L-Lysine by Overexpression of Aspartokinase (ASK) in <i>C. glutamicum</i> ATCC 21799 (2013)

Purpose: To clone Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC21799 aspartokinase gene (EC 2.7.2.4) using shuttle expression vector pEKEx2 in order to increase lysine production.Methods: C. glutamicum DNA was extracted and used for amplification of aspartokinase gene (ask) by cloning into an E. coli/C. glutamicum shuttle expression vector, pEKEx2. Initially, the recombinant vector transformed into E. coli DH5á and then into C. glutamicum.Results: Electrophoresis of recombinant protein by SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular weight of the recombinant protein was 42 KD. The induction of recombinant vector by IPTG had an inhibitory effect on cell growth due to over-expression of the cloned gene. The results of lysine assay by Chinard method showed that lysine production increased about two-fold, compared with the parent strain, as a result of increased copy numbers of lysC gene in recombinant strain.Conclusion: A two-fold increase in lysine production was observed by cloning of the ASK gene in C. glutamicum rather than in E. coli, due to the presence of lysine exporter channel which facilitates lysine extraction.Keywords: LysC gene, Corynebacterium glutamicum, L- lysine, Cloning, Aspartokinase, E. coli
Human ovarian cancer stem cells (2010)

The isolation and identification of stem-like cells in solid tumors or cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been exciting developments of the last decade, although these rare populations had been earlier identified in leukemia. CSC biology necessitates a detailed delineation of normal stem cell functioning and maintenance of homeostasis within the organ. Ovarian CSC biology has unfortunately not benefited from a pre-established knowledge of stem cell lineage demarcation and functioning in the normal organ. In the absence of such information, some of the classical parameters such as long-term culture-initiating assays to isolate stem cell clones from tumors, screening and evaluation of other epithelial stem cell surface markers, dye efflux, and label retention have been applied toward the putative isolation of CSCs from ovarian tumors. The present review presents an outline of the various approaches developed so far and the various perspectives revealed that are now required to be dealt with toward better disease management.
아동문학 서사장르의 구분에 대한 고찰 (2009)

본 연구는 아동문학의 서사장르의 구분의 현황을 살피고, 그에 따른 문제점을 중심으로 서사장르의 구분과 기준을 마련하는데 있어 시사점을 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 아동문학은 성인문학과 달리 아동의 성장단계에 따른 보편적 원리를 기반으로 한다. 따라서 서사 장르를 구분함에 있어 문학이라는 큰 범주안에서 성인문학과 공유하는 요소도 있지만 그 독자성도 함께 가지고 있다. 따라서 아동문학 서사장르의 구분은 독자 연인으로써의 특수성을 다음과 같이 반영하여야 할 것이다. 제1장르: 문학이란 큰 범주에서 을 고려하여 성인문학과 아동문학으로 나누고 이것을 아동문학의 제1장르라고 칭한다. 제2장르: 성인문학과 아동문학이 모두 문학이라는 큰 범주 안에 속에 있기 때문에 서로 공유하는 부분이 있다. 따라서 전통적인 장르 구분에 따라 이라는 것을 아동문학에서도 그대로 수용한다. 제3장르: 제2장르에 따라 성인문학을 시, 소설, 희곡이라는 하위 장르를 구분한다면, 아동문학은 그에 대응하여 동시, 동화, 동극으로 분류하는 것을 제3장르라고 칭한다. 제4장르: 제4장르로 동화로 구분은 아동의 성장 단계의 보편성을 기반으로 그 기준을 설정하였다.
A 19.7 MHz, Fifth-Order Active-<emphasis emphasistype="italic">RC</emphasis> Chebyshev LPF for Draft IEEE802.11n With Automatic Quality-Factor Tuning Scheme (2007)

A fifth-order LPF with a quality factor (Q) tuning circuit has been implemented for draft IEEE802.11n in a 0.13 CMOS technology. The proposed Q tuning technique realizes a low-power 19.7 MHz, active-RC Chebyshev LPF. The filter has dB gain, 30 nV/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> input-referred noise, 113 dBmuV input , P 1dB,draws 7.5 mA current from 1.5 V supply, and occupies an area of 0.2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Generation of recombinant antibodies and means for increasing their affinity (2010)

Highly specific interaction with foreign molecules is a unique feature of antibodies. Since 1975, when Keller and Milstein proposed the method of hybridoma technology and prepared mouse monoclonal antibodies, many antibodies specific to various antigens have been obtained. Recent development of methods for preparation of recombinant DNA libraries and in silico bioinformatics approaches for protein structure analysis makes possible antibody preparation using gene engineering approaches. The development of gene engineering methods allowed creating recombinant antibodies and improving characteristics of existing antibodies; this significantly extends the applicability of antibodies. By modifying biochemical and immunochemical properties of antibodies by changing their amino acid sequences it is possible to create antibodies with properties optimal for certain tasks. For example, application of recombinant technologies resulted in antibody preparation of high affinity significantly exceeding the initial affinity of natural antibodies. In this review we summarize information about the structure, modes of preparation, and application of recombinant antibodies and their fragments and also consider the main approaches used to increase antibody affinity.