gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on Parameter Distribution in Structure Reliability Analysis: Machine Learning Algorithm and Application (2009)

The discrimination of parameter probability distribution type is the key to structure reliability analysis. A support vector machine (SVM) intelligent recognition model of probability distribution law is presented aiming at traditional method disadvantage. The intelligent recognition model of probability distribution is constructed by SVM algorithm realization, network design and feature extraction, inward stress probability distribution type of a stem structural member is recognized by the model, recognition result is Weibull distribution, SVM has a good generalization ability and clustering ability by comparison between network recognition result and regression analysis, the experiment result shows total recognition rate achieved 98.25%, it provides a good new method for structure reliability analysis.
Progress in intravenous iron treatment (2011)

Iron compounds for parenteral use have been available for more than 60 years [1] [2]. For many years the use of intravenous (i.v.) iron formulations was restricted to a limited number of patients with severe iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) for the following reasons: (1) in IDA, haemoglobin (Hb) regeneration with i.v. iron was equivalent to oral iron [3]; (2) parenteral iron treatment was more expensive; and (3) side-effects, including anaphylactic events, were more serious with i. v. iron than with oral iron [4].
Adoptive immunotherapy of hormone-refractory, stage D2 prostate cancer using ex vivo activated autologous T cells (autolymphocyte therapy): results from a pilot study. (1993)

There is no effective therapy available for stage D2 prostate cancer once patients become refractory to hormonal therapy. In a pilot study, we treated 17 patients with hormone-refractory stage D2 prostate cancer using autolymphocyte therapy, an outpatient form of adoptive immunotherapy in which patients are treated with autologous T cells that have been activated ex vivo. Feasibility and safety were documented. Transient PSA reductions up to 66% were noted, suggesting biological activity. Further studies to test the safety and efficacy of autolymphocyte therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer are warranted.
Receptor properties of two varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins, gpI and gpIV, homologous to herpes simplex virus gE and gI (1992)

The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genome contains 70 reading frames (ORF), 5 of which encode the glycoproteins gpI, gpII, gpIII, gpIV, and gpV. ORF 67 and 68 lie adjacent to each other in the unique short region of the VZV genome and code for gpIV and gpI, respectively. These two genes, which are contained within the HindIII C fragment of the VZV genome, were subcloned in the correct orientation downstream from the promoter regions of the eukaryotic expression vectors pCMV5 and pBJ. After transfection, 5 to 20% of the Cos cells bound antibody specific for the given glycoprotein. In this study, it was shown that only the cells transfected with the gpI construct bound to the Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin G. Neither the transfected gpIV gene product nor the vector only bound to the Fc fragment. Thus, VZV gpI is confirmed to be the VZV-encoded Fc-binding glycoprotein. Like the wild-type form of gpI expressed in VZV-infected cells, gpI precipitated from transfected cells contained both N-linked and O-linked glycans and was heavily sialated. In addition, the transfected gpI gene product was phosphorylated both in cell culture and in protein kinase assays by mammalian casein kinases I and II. Extensive computer-assisted analyses of the VZV gpI sequence, as well as those of alphaherpesviral homolog glycoproteins, disclosed properties similar to those of other cell surface receptors; these included (i) exocytoplasmic regions rich in cysteine residues, (ii) membrane-proximal regions with potential O-linked glycosylation sites, and (iii) cytoplasmic domains with consensus phosphorylation sites.
S-Adenosyl-l-homocysteine Hydrolase Regulates Aldosterone-induced Na+ Transport (1999)

Aldosterone-induced Na+ reabsorption, in part, is regulated by a critical methyl esterification; however, the signal transduction pathway regulating this methylation remains unclear. The A6 cell line was used as a model epithelia to investigate regulation of aldosterone-induced Na+ transport by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHHase), the only enzyme in vertebrates known to catabolize S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH), an end product inhibitor of methyl esterification. Sodium reabsorption was decreased within 2 h by 3-deazaadenosine, a competitive inhibitor of SAHHase, with a half inhibitory concentration between 40 and 50 microM. Aldosterone increased SAH catabolism by activating SAHHase. Increased SAH catabolism was associated with a concomitant increase in S-adenosylmethionine catabolism. Moreover, SAH decreased substrate methylation. Antisense oligonucleotide complementary to SAHHase mRNA decreased SAHHase activity and Na+ current by approximately 50%. Overexpression of SAHHase increased SAHHase activity and dependent substrate methyl esterification. Whereas basal Na+ current was not affected by overexpression of SAHHase, aldosterone-induced current in SAHHase-overexpressing cells was significantly potentiated. These results demonstrate that aldosterone induction of SAHHase activity is necessary for a concomitant relief of the methylation reaction from end product inhibition by SAH and the subsequent increase in Na+ reabsorption. Thus, regulation of SAHHase activity is a control point for aldosterone signal transduction, but SAHHase is not an aldosterone-induced protein.
Multimodal Clinical Imaging To Longitudinally Assess a Nanomedical Anti-Inflammatory Treatment in Experimental Atherosclerosis (2010)

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease causing great morbidity and mortality in the Western world. To increase the anti-inflammatory action and decrease adverse effects of glucocorticoids (PLP), a nanomedicinal liposomal formulation of this drug (L-PLP) was developed and intravenously applied at a dose of 15 mg/kg PLP to a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Since atherosclerosis is a systemic disease, emerging imaging modalities for assessing atherosclerotic plaque are being developed. (18)F-Fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, methods commonly used in oncology, were applied to longitudinally assess therapeutic efficacy. Significant anti-inflammatory effects were observed as early as 2 days that lasted up to at least 7 days after administration of a single dose of L-PLP. No significant changes were found for the free PLP treated animals. These findings were corroborated by immunohistochemical analysis of macrophage density in the vessel wall. In conclusion, this study evaluates a powerful two-pronged strategy for efficient treatment of atherosclerosis that includes nanomedical therapy of atherosclerotic plaques and the application of noninvasive and clinically approved imaging techniques to monitor delivery and therapeutic responses. Importantly, we demonstrate unprecedented rapid anti-inflammatory effects in atherosclerotic lesions after the nanomedical therapy.
The audio notebook (2001)

This paper addresses the problem that a listener experiences when attempting to capture information presented during a lecture, meeting, or interview. Listeners must divide their attention between the talker and their notetaking activity. We propose a new device-the Audio Notebook-for taking notes and interacting with a speech recording. The Audio Notebook is a combination of a digital audio recorder and paper notebook, all in one device. Audio recordings are structured using two techniques: user structuring based on notetaking activity, and acoustic structuring based on a talker's changes in pitch, pausing, and energy. A field study showed that the interaction techniques enabled a range of usage styles, from detailed review to high speed skimming. The study motivated the addition of phrase detection and topic suggestions to improve access to the audio recordings. Through these audio interaction techniques, the Audio Notebook defines a new approach for navigation in the audio domain.
Alkali reversal of psoralen cross-link for the targeted delivery of psoralen monoadduct lesion (1988)

Psoralen intercalates into double-stranded DNA and photoreacts mainly with thymines to form monoadducts and interstrand cross-links. We used an oligonucleotide model to demonstrate a novel mechanism: the reversal of psoralen cross-links by base-catalyzed rearrangement at 90 degrees C (BCR). The BCR reaction is more efficient than the photoreversal reaction. We show that the BCR occurs predominantly on the furan side of a psoralen cross-link. The cleavage does not result in the breaking of the DNA backbone, and the thymine base freed from the cross-link by the cleavage reaction appears to be unmodified. Similarly, BCR of the furan-side monoadduct of psoralen removed the psoralen molecule and regenerated the unaltered native oligonucleotide. The pyrone-side psoralen monoadduct is relatively resistant to BCR. One can use BCR to perform efficient oligonucleotide-directed, site-specific delivery of a psoralen monoadduct. As a demonstration of this approach, we have hybridized a 19 base long oligonucleotide vehicle containing a furan-side psoralen monoadduct to a 56 base long complementary oligonucleotide target strand and formed a specific cross-link at the target site with 365-nm UV. Subsequent BCR released the oligonucleotide vehicle and deposited the psoralen at the target site.
Array comparative genomic hybridization-based characterization of genetic alterations in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (2010)

The goal of this study was to characterize and classify pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors based on array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Using aCGH, we performed karyotype analysis of 33 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors, 13 SCLC cell lines, 19 bronchial carcinoids, and 9 gastrointestinal carcinoids. In contrast to the relatively conserved karyotypes of carcinoid tumors, the karyotypes of SCLC tumors and cell lines were highly aberrant. High copy number (CN) gains were detected in SCLC tumors and cell lines in cytogenetic bands encoding JAK2, FGFR1, and MYC family members. In some of those samples, the CN of these genes exceeded 100, suggesting that they could represent driver alterations and potential drug targets in subgroups of SCLC patients. In SCLC tumors, as well as bronchial carcinoids and carcinoids of gastrointestinal origin, recurrent CN alterations were observed in 203 genes, including the RB1 gene and 59 microRNAs of which 51 locate in the DLK1-DIO3 domain. These findings suggest the existence of partially shared CN alterations in these tumor types. In contrast, CN alterations of the TP53 gene and the MYC family members were predominantly observed in SCLC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the aCGH profile of SCLC cell lines highly resembles that of clinical SCLC specimens. Finally, by analyzing potential drug targets, we provide a genomics-based rationale for targeting the AKT-mTOR and apoptosis pathways in SCLC.
Insights Into the Mechanism of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Chronic Migraine (2011)

OnabotulinumtoxinA has recently been approved by regulatory agencies in the UK and United States for treatment of chronic migraine based on data generated from the PREEMPT studies. As such, onabotulinumtoxinA is the only prophylactic therapy specifically approved for chronic migraine. Most headache clinicians would agree that acute episodic migraine and chronic migraine differ in their pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis, and response to pharmacological as well as nonpharmacological therapies. Of the 7 botulinum neurotoxin serotypes, botulinum neurotoxin type A (onabotulinumtoxinA) has been the most thoroughly investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. Based on preclinical studies, onabotulinumtoxinA is known to inhibit the release of excitatory neurotransmitters from both motor and sensory neurons by preventing vesicle fusion to the cell membrane. In addition to the well-documented myorelaxant effects of this neurotoxin, onabotulinumtoxinA can exert a direct analgesic effect that likely involves inhibition of primary and secondary nociceptive neurons. The inhibitory effects of onabotulinumtoxinA are also likely to involve suppressing the activity of myogenic trigger points and decreasing the persistent nociceptive barrage that promotes and maintains central sensitization. This article describes possible mechanisms to explain how onabotulinumtoxinA functions as a therapy for chronic migraine and considers why treatment with the neurotoxin is not effective in some chronic migraineurs.
Electrical Stimulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Secretion by Human Dermal Fibroblasts and the U937 Human Monocytic Cell Line (2001)

The in vitro effects on human dermal fibroblasts and the U937 human monocytic cell line of three phases of electrical microcurrents generated by the ACE Stimulator were investigated. The growth and viability of growing and confluent dermal fibroblasts were not directly influenced by the separate microcurrent phases. One form of microcurrent (designated phase 1) stimulated both dermal fibroblasts and U937 cells to secrete transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), which is an important regulator of cell-mediated inflammation and tissue regeneration, but none of the three phases stimulated secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 by U937 cells. The stimulation of TGF-beta 1 secretion in these experiments was not dramatic (a median increase over control levels of 20-30%), although it could be biologically significant.
Defibrotide: An endothelium protecting and stabilizing drug, has an anti-angiogenic potential in vitro and in vivo (2007)

Defibrotide (DF) is a polydisperse mixture of 90% single-stranded oligonucleotides with anti-thrombotic and anti-apoptotic functions. DF is used in the treatment of endothelial complications in the course of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Recent preclinical evidence suggests that DF might also have anti-neoplastic properties. In the present study we hypothesized that DF might inhibit tumors via an anti-angiogenic effect. The anti-angiogenic potential of DF was tested in vitro using human microvascular endothelial cells forming vessel structures across a layer of dermal fibroblasts. Our results show that pharmacologic DF concentrations (100 mug/ml) significantly reduced vessel formation in this assay. Similarly, DF blocked sprouting from cultured rat aortic rings. In vivo, angiogenesis in a human gastric tumor (TMK1) implanted in dorsal skin-fold chambers (in nude mice) was inhibited by i.v. application of 450 mg/kg DF. Notably, due to its short half-life, DF was most effective when given on a daily basis. Although the precise mechanism of DF remains to be elucidated, initial Western blots show that DF reduces phosphorylation-activation of p70S6 kinase, which is a key target in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway linked to endothelial cell and pericyte proliferation and activation. However, in vitro data suggest that DF acts independently of vascular endothelial growth factor. Taken together, our data suggest that while DF is known for its endothelium-protecting function in SCT, it also inhibits formation of new blood vessels, and thus should be considered for further testing as an adjuvant anti-cancer agent, either alone, or in combination with other drugs.
Ultrafast semiconductor laser-diode-seeded Cr:LiSAF regenerative amplifier system (1997)

An ultrafast, hybrid mode-locked semiconductor laser-diode system has been used to seed a flash-lamp-pumped Cr:LiSAF regenerative amplifier system, producing subpicosecond pulses with millijoule output pulse energy. This system has the potential to eliminate argon-ion-pumped-based, ultrafast laser systems.
Carotid Sinus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Intractable Angina Pectoris (1970)

Braunwald, Nina S. M.D.; Epstein, Stephen E. M.D.; Braunwald, Eugene M.D. Author Information
Curved-grating surface-emitting DFB lasers and arrays (1997)

A new method of producing nearly diffraction limited beam quality from high-power semiconductor lasers is presented. It is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that well-designed grating curvature in surface-emitting distributed feedback lasers can alleviate the problems of multi-mode operation and filamentation in wide stripe devices. Surface-emitting devices of this type are capable of very high power without the optical damage limitations of edge-emitting lasers. A method for combining arrays of these lasers with series electrical wiring and precision optical alignment has been developed. A 64 element array was demonstrated that produced approximately 160 W of cm power and could be focused into a small spot.
An Anti-apoptotic Protein Human Survivin Is a Direct Inhibitor of Caspase-3 and -7 (2001)

Survivin, an apoptosis inhibitor/cell-cycle regulator, is critically required for suppression of apoptosis and ensuring normal cell division in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. It is highly expressed in a cell cycle-regulated manner and localizes together with caspase-3 on microtubules within centrosomes. Whether survivin is a physiologically relevant caspase inhibitor has been unclear due to the difficulties with obtaining correctly folded survivin and finding the right conditions for inhibition assay. In this study, recombinant, active human survivin was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The protein, existing as a homodimer in solution, binds caspase-3 and -7 tightly with dissociation constants of 20.9 and 11.5 nM, respectively, when evaluated by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Consistently, survivin potently inhibits the cleavage of a physiological substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and an artificial tetrapeptide by caspase-3 and -7 in vitro with apparent inhibition constants of 36.0 and 16.5 nM, respectively. The data suggest that sequestering caspase-3 and -7 in inhibited states on microtubules is at least one mechanism of survivin in the suppression of default apoptosis in the G2/M phase. The localization of survivin on microtubules, which is essential for its function, should increase the protective activity at the action site.
Demonstration of C5 cleaving activity in bronchoalveolar fluids and cells: a mechanism of acute and chronic alveolitis. (1984)

Recently, we have demonstrated that preformed chemotactic fragments derived from C5 (C5fr), when instilled intratracheally, induce an intense acute alveolitis. An intense intrapulmonary inflammatory reaction, characterized by accumulation of large numbers of neutrophils in the alveolar spaces, also resulted from intratracheal instillation of purified human C5. Since purified C5 does not induce PMN chemotaxis in vitro and presumably native C5 is not phlogistic in vivo, a mechanism for C5 cleavage productive of chemotactic fragments may be operative within the lung. To explore the possibility that pulmonary-mediated fragmentation of C5 occurred, both in vitro and in vivo studies were undertaken. As described in this paper, extensive cleavage of 125I-labeled C5 was demonstrated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of hamster lungs previously instilled with 125I-labeled C5. In vitro incubation of 125I-labeled C5 with normal hamster lung lavage components, cells, and lavage fluid also cleaved 125I-labeled C5. Bioassay of such in vitro reactions also revealed potent chemotactic activity for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. A potent C5-cleaving activity was detected in fluid of normal bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) recovered from normal hamster lungs. This BALF "enzyme activity" selectively cleaved C5 in vitro, producing potent C5-related chemotactic fragmentation products, but it did not fragment C3 nor did it produce C3 chemotactic factors in vitro. Cleavage of C5 by alveolar macrophages that produces chemotactic factors has previously been attributed to an acid protease of lysosomal origin. This "enzyme activity" is apparently distinct from elastase, collagenase, and trypsin since it is not inhibited by alpha 1-antitrypsin. In separate studies, we have recently demonstrated the ability of isolated lung cells to synthesize and secrete C3 and C5 in vitro. Thus, these studies suggest that the lung may intrinsically have the capacity to regulate inflammatory reactions by the localized production of both complement components (C3 and C5) as well as complement-activating systems (e.g., C5-cleaving activity of BALF).
The Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) and after: 'You never know how it will all turn out' (1998)

(1998). The Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) and after: 'You never know how it will all turn out' Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 19-22.
Textile Finishing Industry as an Important Source of Organic Pollutants (2012)

Organic Pollutants Ten Years After the Stockholm Convention -Environmental and Analytical Update 30 and other textile materials, so as to protect human health and the environment) the following main groups of compounds
Microparticles and nanoparticles for drug delivery (2006)

Abstract Particulate drug delivery systems have become important in experimental pharmaceutics and clinical medicine. The distinction is often made between micro‐ and nanoparticles, being particles with dimensions best described in micrometers and nanometers respectively. That size difference entails real differences at many levels, from formulation to in vivo usage. Here I will discuss those differences and provide examples of applications, for local and systemic drug delivery. I will outline a number of challenges of interest in particulate drug delivery. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96: 203–209. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Group velocity of solitons (2001)

It is shown that, in addition to the well-known phase accumulation of a traveling soliton, which may be interpreted as a change of phase velocity as a result of the Kerr nonlinearity, there is a change in the speed of travel of the envelope, the group velocity. This analysis is extended to dispersion-managed solitons, for which it is shown that the discrepancy between phase- and group-velocity changes is generally smaller.