gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 4% Efficient Organic Solar Cell Using a Fluorinated Fused Subphthalocyanine Dimer as an Electron Acceptor (2011)

Planar bilayer organic solar cells with a fluorinated fused subphthalocyanine dimer (FSubPcDimer) as an acceptor and chloroboron (III) subphthalocyanine (SubPc) as a donor obtain a 60% higher Jsc compared to cells using C60 as an acceptor, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 4%. This is obtained thanks to the important contribution to the photocurrent of the low-bandgap FSubPcDimer.
Regulation of calcineurin phosphatase activity and interaction with the FK-506.FK-506 binding protein complex. (1994)

The immunosuppressant FK-506 (tacrolimus) forms a complex with a ubiquitous intracellular receptor, FK-506 binding protein (FKBP12), and this complex inhibits the heterodimeric Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin, an essential component of the T-cell receptor signal transduction pathway. Using a series of truncated calcineurin catalytic subunits, we show here that a region within the catalytic subunit that regulates phosphatase activity, the autoinhibitory domain, also regulates the Ca(2+)-dependent interaction of calcineurin with the FK-506.FKBP12 complex. Deletion of this domain produces constitutive activation of the phosphatase as demonstrated by transient transfection experiments in which expression of the truncated protein permitted Ca(2+)-independent induction of interleukin-2 transcription. Thus, deletion of the autoinhibitory domain is necessary and sufficient to constitutively activate calcineurin (CaN). Furthermore, CaN A467-492, an inhibitory peptide based on the autoinhibitory domain from calcineurin (ITSFEEAKGLDRINERMPPRRDAMP), inhibited dephosphorylation of the RII peptide substrate competitively with a Ki = 4 microM, consistent with binding of the autoinhibitory domain at the active site of the enzyme. To assess the role of the autoinhibitory domain in regulating the interaction of CaN with the FK-506.FKBP12 complex, we reconstituted wild type and mutant phosphatase heterodimers using in vitro transcribed and translated subunits. Association of the reconstituted calcineurin heterodimers with FKBP12 was dependent on FK-506. In the case of the wild type heterodimer, association with the FK-506.FKBP12 complex was also dependent upon Ca2+; however, mutant catalytic subunits, in which the autoinhibitory domains were deleted, associated with the drug-binding protein complex in the presence of 10 mM EGTA. These results indicate that the conserved autoinhibitory domain regulates both Ca(2+)-dependent phosphatase activity and association with the FK-506.FKBP12 complex.
Minireview: β-Cell Replacement Therapy for Diabetes in the 21st Century: Manipulation of Cell Fate by Directed Differentiation (2010)

Pancreatic beta-cell failure underlies type 1 diabetes; it also contributes in an essential way to type 2 diabetes. beta-Cell replacement is an important component of any cure for diabetes. The current options of islet and pancreas transplantation are not satisfactory as definitive forms of therapy. Here, we review strategies for induced de novo pancreatic beta-cell formation, which depend on the targeted differentiation of cells into pancreatic beta-cells. With this objective in mind, one can manipulate the fate of three different types of cells: 1) from terminally differentiated cells, e.g. exocrine pancreatic cells, into beta-cells; 2) from multipotent adult stem cells, e.g. hepatic oval cells, into pancreatic islets; and 3) from pluripotent stem cells, e.g. embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, into beta-cells. We will examine the pros and cons of each strategy as well as the hurdles that must be overcome before these approaches to generate new beta-cells will be ready for clinical application.
Automating Creation of Hierarchical Faceted Metadata Structures (2007)

Two independent pump-probe techniques were used to study the antenna energy transfer kinetics of intact chlorosomes from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum with femtosecond resolution. The isotropic kinetics revealed by one-color experiments in the BChl c antenna were inhomogeneous with respect to wavelength. Multiexponential analyses of the photobleaching/stimulated emission (PB/SE) decay profiles typically yielded (apart from a approximately 10 fs component that may stem from the initial coherent oscillation) components with lifetimes 1-2 ps and several tens of ps. The largest amplitudes for the latter component occur at 810 nm, the longest wavelength studied. Analyses of most two-color pump-probe profiles with the probe wavelength red-shifted from the pump wavelength yielded no PB/SE rise components. PB/SE components with approximately 1 ps risetime were found in 790 --> 810 and 790 --> 820 nm profiles, in which the probe wavelength is situated well into the BChl a absorption region. A 760 --> 740 nm uphill two-color experiment yielded a PB/SE component with 4-6 ps risetime. Broadband absorption difference spectra of chlorosomes excited at 720 nm (in the blue edge of the 746 nm BChl c Qy band) exhibit approximately 15 nm red-shifting of the PB/SE peak wavelength during the first several hundred fs. Analogous spectra excited at 760 nm (at the red edge) show little dynamic spectral shifting. Our results suggest that inhomogeneous broadening and spectral equilibration play a larger role in the early BChl c antenna kinetics in chlorosomes from C. tepidum than in those from C. aurantiacus, a system studied previously. As in C. aurantiacus, the initial one-color anisotropies r(0) for most BChl c wavelengths are close to 0.4. The corresponding residual anisotropies r(infinity) are typically 0.19-0.25, which is much lower than found in C. aurantiacus (> or = 0.35); the transition moment organization is appreciably less collinear in the BChl c antenna of C. tepidum. However, the final one-color anisotropies at 789 and 801 nm are approximately 0 and 0.09 respectively, and the final anisotropy in time 780 --> 800 nm experiment is approximately -0.1. These facts indicate that the BChI a transition moments themselves exhibit some order, and are directed at an angle > 54.7 degrees on the average from the BChl c moments. The one-color profiles exhibit coherent oscillations at most wavelengths, including 800 nm; Fourier analyses of these oscillations frequently yield components with frequencies 70-80 and 130-140 cm-1.
Anthocyanins Induce Cholesterol Efflux from Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages (2005)

It is widely accepted that stimulation of reverse cholesterol transport, the efflux of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and transferring it to the liver for biliary excretion, is becoming an important component in reducing excess cholesterol deposition in atherosclerotic plaques. The ATP-binding cassette transporter has been identified as a key regulator of macrophage cholesterol efflux and apoAI-mediated reverse cholesterol transport. In vivo studies have documented anthocyanins, a large group of naturally phenolic compounds rich in plants, possess substantial capacities in improving plasma cholesterol levels. In this study, we investigated the potential role of anthocyanins in modulating cholesterol efflux from mouse peritoneal macrophages and macrophage-derived foam cells and the possible molecular mechanism linking ABCA1 to cholesterol efflux. Incubation of the mouse peritoneal macrophages and macrophage-derived foam cells with cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-beta-glucoside led to dose-dependent (1-100 microM) induction in cholesterol efflux and ABCA1 mRNA expression, and this effect could be blocked by the ABCA1 inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, disodium salt, and a general inhibitor of gene transcription actinomycin D. Treatment of the macrophages with anthocyanins also activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, liver X receptor alpha mRNA expression, and their mediated gene expression. Addition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate ammonium salt or GW9662 markedly inhibited the anthocyanin-induced increase of ABCA1 gene expression and apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux. These data demonstrated that anthocyanin induces cholesterol efflux from mouse peritoneal macrophages and macrophage-derived foam cells and that stimulation of cholesterol efflux by anthocyanin is mediated, at least in part, by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-liver X receptor alpha-ABCA1 signaling pathway activation.
Cooperative Catalytic Activation of Si−H Bonds by a Polar Ru−S Bond: Regioselective Low-Temperature C−H Silylation of Indoles under Neutral Conditions by a Friedel−Crafts Mechanism (2011)

Merging cooperative Si-H bond activation and electrophilic aromatic substitution paves the way for C-3-selective indole C-H functionalization under electronic and not conventional steric control. The Si-H bond is heterolytically split by the Ru-S bond of a coordinatively unsaturated cationic ruthenium(II) complex, forming a sulfur-stabilized silicon electrophile. The Wheland intermediate of the subsequent Friedel-Crafts-type process is assumed to be deprotonated by the sulfur atom, no added base required. The overall catalysis proceeds without solvent at low temperature, only liberating dihydrogen.
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors, IL-1 beta, and IL-8--markers of remission in rheumatoid arthritis during treatment with methotrexate. (1996)

Circulating levels of IL-1ra and sTNFr as well as IL-1 beta, IL-8, and sTNFr p75 release from MNC and the ratio of IL-1ra:IL-1 beta production by these cells serve as markers to assess complete disease remission in patients with RA during MTX treatment.
Identification and characterization of an extracellular envelope glycoprotein affecting vaccinia virus egress (1992)

Sequence analysis of the vaccinia virus strain Western Reserve genome revealed the presence of an open reading frame (ORF), SalL4R, which has the potential to encode a transmembrane glycoprotein with homology to C-type animal lectins (G. L. Smith, Y. S. Chan, and S. T. Howard, J. Gen. Virol. 72:1349-1376, 1991). Here we show that the SalL4R gene is transcribed late during infection from a TAAATG motif at the beginning of the ORF. Antisera raised against a TrpE-SalL4R fusion protein identified three glycoprotein species of Mr 22,000 to 24,000 in infected cells. Immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated that SalL4R protein is present in purified extracellular enveloped virus particles but not in intracellular naked virus (INV). A mutant virus was constructed by placing a copy of the SalL4R ORF downstream of an isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible vaccinia virus promoter within the thymidine kinase locus and subsequently deleting the endogenous SalL4R gene. The growth kinetics of this virus demonstrated that SalL4R was nonessential for the production of infectious INV but was required for virus dissemination. Consistent with this finding, the formation of wild-type-size plaques by this mutant was dependent on the presence of IPTG. Electron microscopy showed that without SalL4R expression, the inability of the virus to spread is due to a lack of envelopment of INV virions by Golgi-derived membrane, a morphogenic event required for virus egress.
High brightness light emitting diodes (1997)

Materials issues in high brightness light emitting diodes, G.B. Stringfellow overview of device issues in high brightness light emitting modes, M.G. Craford AIGaAs red LEDs, F.M. Steranka OMVPE growth of AIGaInP for high-efficiency visible light emitting diodes, M.J. Peanasky and C.P. Kuo AIGaInP light-emitting diodes, F.A. Kish and R.M. Fletcher applications for high brightness LEDs, M.W. Hodapp organometallic vapour phase epitaxy of GaN for high brightness blue light emitting diodes, I. Akasaki and H. Amano III-V nitride based uv/blue/green/yellow LEDs and LDs, S. Nakamura.
Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of α‐GalCer Epimers (2008)

alpha-GalCer (also known as KRN7000) is an immunomodulatory glycolipid that is known to potently activate invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells upon CD1d-mediated stimulation. Because Th1 and Th2 cytokines, which are released after alpha-GalCer presentation, antagonize each other's effects, alpha-GalCer analogues that induce a biased Th1/Th2 response are highly awaited. In this context, we report the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of alpha-Gal-D-xylo-Cer and two alpha-Gal-L-lyxo-Cer analogues, one with the natural acyl chain, the other with a truncated chain.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Signaling and Resistance to Trastuzumab (Herceptin) (2001)

In breast cancer cell models that overexpress HER2/neu, an increased level of IGF-IR signaling appears to interfere with the action of trastuzumab. Thus, strategies that target IGF-IR signaling may prevent or delay development of resistance to trastuzumab.
Chloride channels of intracellular organelles and their potential role in cystic fibrosis (1992)

Chloride channels were previously purified from bovine kidney cortex membranes using a drug affinity column. Reconstitution of the purified proteins into artificial liposomes and planar bilayers yielded chloride channels. A 64 x 10(3) M(r) protein, p64, identified as a component of this chloride channel, was used to generate antibodies which depleted solubilized kidney membranes of all chloride channel activity. This antibody has now been used to identify a clone, H2B, from a kidney cDNA library. Antibodies, affinity-purified against the fusion protein of H2B, from a kidney cDNA library. Antibodies, affinity-purified against the fusion protein of H2B, also depleted solubilized kidney cortex from all chloride channel activity. The predicted amino acid sequence of p64 shows that it contains two and possibly four putative transmembrane domains and potential phosphorylation sites by protein kinases A and C. There was no significant homology to other protein (or DNA) sequences in the data base including other anion channels or the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. The protein is expressed in all cells tested and probably represents the chloride channel of intracellular organelles. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with a defect in a cyclic-AMP-activated chloride channel in secretory epithelia which leads to decreased fluid secretion. In addition, many mucus glycoproteins show decreased sialylation but increased sulfation. We have recently shown that the pH of intracellular organelles is more alkaline in CF cells, an abnormality that is due to defective chloride conductance in the vesicle membranes. We postulate that the defect in the intracellular chloride channel, and hence the alkalization, could explain the glycosylation abnormalities since the pH optimum of Golgi sialyltransferase is acid while that of focusyl- and sulfotransferases is alkaline. Defects in sialyation of glycolipids might also generate receptors for Pseudomonas, which is known to colonize the respiratory tract of CF patients.
Multiple shRNAs expressed by an inducible pol II promoter can knock down the expression of multiple target genes (2006)

RNA interference (RNAi) has been increasingly used for reverse genetics. Both pol III and pol II promoters have been used to synthesize short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for knockdown of gene expression in mammalian cells and animals. Compared with gene knockout approaches, RNAi has the advantage of being simple, quick, and low cost. Here we describe a method that enhances this advantage where knockdown of expression of multiple genes in the same cells is required. A tetracycline-regulated pol II promoter construct allows the expression of up to three shRNA genes that have been cloned into introns of a transcript bearing green fluorescent protein (GFP) coding sequences. This method may be used to establish stable knockdown cell lines and may also prove useful for investigating gene-gene interactions in transgenic animals.
Neural Automatic Post-Editing Using Prior Alignment and Reranking (2017)

Santanu Pal, Sudip Kumar Naskar, Mihaela Vela, Qun Liu, Josef van Genabith. Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 2, Short Papers. 2017.
Relative position estimation for manipulation tasks by fusing vision and inertial measurements (2002)

This paper proposes a position estimator that fuses monocular vision with accelerometer and gyro measurements to generate a 6-DOF position estimate between a free-floating underwater vehicle and a stationary object. Camera motion is unknown and must be estimated together with relative position. The system fuses inertial rate sensors to reduce the amount of information that needs to be extracted from the vision system. The result is a system that is simpler and more robust than a vision-only solution. However, the use of inertial rate sensors introduces several issues. The rate measurements are subject to biases, which need to be estimated to prevent the accumulation of unbounded drift when the measurements are integrated. This problem is nonlinear, which presents several challenges in the estimator design. This paper presents some results from initial experiments with a fixed-base manipulator. So far, we have implemented a simplified estimator for relative position when camera motion is known. The estimator is part of the closed-loop control of the manipulator. With this system, we have demonstrated a simple autonomous manipulation task.
Rescue of vaccinia virus lacking the E3L gene by mutants of E3L (1995)

Vaccinia virus with the E3L gene deleted was able to replicate in RK-13 but not HeLa cells. This host range phenotype could be complemented by an E3L gene expressed transiently from a plasmid. Analysis of mutants of E3L indicates that the ability to complement deletion of E3L correlates with the ability of mutated proteins to bind double-stranded RNA but not with their ability to migrate to the nucleus.
Method for Estimating SN1 Rate Constants: Solvolytic Reactivity of Benzoates (2012)

Nucleofugalities of pentafluorobenzoate (PFB) and 2,4,6-trifluorobenzoate (TFB) leaving groups have been derived from the solvolysis rate constants of X,Y-substituted benzhydryl PFBs and TFBs measured in a series of aqueous solvents, by applying the LFER equation: log k = s(f)(E(f) + N(f)). The heterolysis rate constants of dianisylmethyl PFB and TFB, and those determined for 10 more dianisylmethyl benzoates in aqueous ethanol, constitute a set of reference benzoates whose experimental ΔG(‡) have been correlated with the ΔH(‡) (calculated by PCM quantum-chemical method) of the model epoxy ring formation. Because of the excellent correlation (r = 0.997), the method for calculating the nucleofugalities of substituted benzoate LGs have been established, ultimately providing a method for determination of the S(N)1 reactivity for any benzoate in a given solvent. Using the ΔG(‡) vs ΔH(‡) correlation, and taking s(f) based on similarity, the nucleofugality parameters for about 70 benzoates have been determined in 90%, 80%, and 70% aqueous ethanol. The calculated intrinsic barriers for substituted benzoate leaving groups show that substrates producing more stabilized LGs proceed over lower intrinsic barriers. Substituents on the phenyl ring affect the solvolysis rate of benzhydryl benzoates by both field and inductive effects.
Antiallatotropins: Inhibition of Corpus Allatum Development (1977)

Treatment of newly eclosed adult milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus) females with precocene 2 prevents secretion of juvenile hormone by inhibition of postimaginal development of the corpus allatum. Ovarian development which is dependent upon juvenile hormone is prevented or reversed, depending upon the timing of precocene treatment. Juvenile hormone secretion is shown to be related to the development of the corpus allatum.
Immunosuppression in Organ Transplantation (1990)

The search for effective and safe methods of suppressing the immune response has been evolving over four decades. Progress has been marked by many disappointments and a few forward leaps. Clinical organ transplantation has served as the proving ground for many of these advances, beginning in the early 1950s, shortly after a working model of the artificial kidney provided for the short-term maintenance of life in patients with end-stage renal disease. The first attempts to suppress the rejection response, with whole-body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation, were unsuccessful. Since then, there have been two main avenues of approach to the . . .
Silver-coated nylon fiber as an antibacterial agent (1987)

A blend of nylon fiber and silver-coated nylon fiber (the latter known as X-static) was used in these experiments. This fiber was bactericidal when bacteria were exposed to it directly or to an extract derived from its prior incubation in salt solution. At ambient temperatures, a rapid exponential decrease of survival occurred, usually after a delay of approximately 1 h. The rate of killing (decrease of survival) increased with an increase in X-static percentage of the fiber blend, temperature of fiber extraction, concentration of Tris buffer present during extraction, and temperature at which bacteria were exposed to the extract. When bacteria were exposed to the extract at 37 degrees C as opposed to ambient temperature, there was no delay in onset of killing. Escherichia coli was generally the indicator organism tested, but comparable results were also found for Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus species. The rate of killing increased with increasing silver ion concentration of the fiber extract, as determined through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The rate of killing was greater and the onset was earlier with an extract containing silver ions from fiber than with a salt solution containing the same concentration of silver ions from silver nitrate. Studies of the kinetics of ion release suggested that X-static may be an effective, sustained-release antibacterial agent.
Benzbromarone Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Angiotensin II‐ and Salt‐Induced Hypertensive Model Rats (2018)

Oxidative stress induced by hyperuricemia is closely associated with the renin-angiotensin system, as well as the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is therefore important to reduce oxidative stress to treat hyperuricemia. We previously found that benzbromarone, a uricosuric agent, has a direct free radical scavenging effect <i>in vitro</i>. The antioxidant effects of benzbromarone were evaluated <i>in vivo</i> via oral administration of benzbromarone for 4 weeks to model rats with angiotensin II- and salt-induced hypertension. Benzbromarone did not alter plasma uric acid levels or blood pressure but significantly reduced the levels of advanced oxidation protein products, which are oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, dihydroethidium staining of the kidney revealed a reduction in oxidative stress after benzbromarone administration. These results suggest that benzbromarone has a direct antioxidant effect <i>in vivo</i> and great potential to prevent CVD and CKD.