gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma density fluctuation measurements from coherent and incoherent microwave reflection (1996)

Using the spatial coherency present in a reflected microwave signal (Conway et al 1994 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65 2920) it is possible to measure a coherent, , and an incoherent, , reflection coefficient (proportional to the radar cross section) from a turbulent plasma cutoff layer. Results acquired with a 17 GHz reflectometer from the STOR-M tokamak edge region give significant and , which suggests two-dimensional structure in the reflection layer. Using a `distorted-mirror' model for the plasma fluctuations, estimates of an effective radial width, , and poloidal correlation length, , can be derived from the reflection coefficients. STOR-M results typically give a of a few millimetres and an of a couple of centimetres.
The fluoroquinolones. (1991)

At the Eastern Section Meeting of the Triological Society January 26, 1990, Levinson et al reported outstanding success with ciprofloxacin in the treatment of malignant otitis externa. Moreover, several of the individuals so managed had been refractory to conventional therapy with semisynthetic penicillin and aminoglycoside protocols. This new class of antibiotics may result in a profound change in our management of patients with otologic, neurotologic, and skull base infections.
Carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis in rats: Influence of the acute effects of the toxin on glucose metabolism (1996)

In animal models, conflicting results on the effect of cirrhosis on glucose metabolism have been reported. The use of various toxins as well as differences in experimental protocols may be responsible for these controversial data. However, differences may be also be explained by the fact that glucose metabolism has been evaluated following different time intervals after cessation of the toxic injury. Therefore, we have performed intravenous glucose tolerance tests, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps (at 2,6, and 30 mU/kg/min insulin infusion rates), and determination of peripheral tissue glucose metabolic index (by [3H]2-deoxy-glucose injection) in rats treated for 10 weeks with carbon tetrachloride, either 3 days (acute group) or 2 weeks (delayed group) after the last CCl4 dose was administered. Cirrhosis was confirmed by liver histological analysis, and by a 22% (P <.05) decrease in 13C-aminopyrine demethylation. In the acute group, whole-body glucose disposal was decreased at the highest insulin infusion rate only (19.7 +/- 1.2 vs. 23.4 +/- 1.2 mg/kg/min in controls, P <.05). In contrast, results of the delayed group were not different from controls at any insulin infusion rate. Peripheral tissue glucose metabolic index was significantly decreased in all muscles tested in the acute group compared with controls. A significant decrease of glucose utilization was found in some but not all muscles in the delayed group but was less pronounced than in the acute group. In conclusion, this study showed than insulin sensitivity in cirrhotic rats is time-dependent with regard to the last CCl4 administration. These results must be taken into account when using this experimental model of liver cirrhosis.
DNA editing in DNA/RNA hybrids by adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (2017)

Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) carry out adenosine (A) to inosine (I) editing reactions with a known requirement for duplex RNA. Here, we show that ADARs also react with DNA/RNA hybrid duplexes. Hybrid substrates are deaminated efficiently by ADAR deaminase domains at dA-C mismatches and with E to Q mutations in the base flipping loop of the enzyme. For a long, perfectly matched hybrid, deamination is more efficient with full length ADAR2 than its isolated deaminase domain. Guide RNA strands for directed DNA editing by ADAR were used to target six different 2΄-deoxyadenosines in the M13 bacteriophage ssDNA genome. DNA editing efficiencies varied depending on the sequence context of the editing site consistent with known sequence preferences for ADARs. These observations suggest the reaction within DNA/RNA hybrids may be a natural function of human ADARs. In addition, this work sets the stage for development of a new class of genome editing tools based on directed deamination of 2΄-deoxyadenosines in DNA/RNA hybrids.
Overexpression of full- or partial-length MAP4 stabilizes microtubules and alters cell growth (1997)

To investigate the in vivo functions of MAP4, a microtubule-associated protein expressed almost ubiquitously in vertebrate cells, we prepared stably transfected clonal mouse Ltk- cell lines expressing full-length MAP4 (L-MAP4 cells) or its MT-binding domain (L-MTB cells). Although transfectants showed no dramatic defect in morphology, organellar distribution, or level of MT polymer, as compared to naive Ltk- cells or L-MOCK cells (transfected with vector alone), MTs in L-MAP4 and L-MTB cells showed greater stability than those in control cells, as monitored by the level of post-translationally detyrosinated alpha-tubulin and by a quantitative nocodazole-resistance assay. In vivo, the MT-binding domain of MAP4 stabilized MTs less potently than full-length MAP4, in contrast to the equivalent efficacy demonstrated in studies of in vitro MT polymerization (Aizawa et al. (1991), J. Biol. Chem. 266, 9841-9846), L-MAP4 and L-MTB cells grew significantly more slowly than control cells; this growth inhibition was not due to mitotic arrest or cell death. L-MAP4 and L-MTB cells also exhibited greater tolerance to the MT-depolymerizing agent, nocodazole, but not to the MT-polymerizing agent, Taxol. Our results demonstrate that MAP4 and its MT-binding domain are capable of MT stabilization in vivo, and that increasing the intracellular level of MAP4 affects cell growth parameters.
[Determination of potentially atherogenic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles]. (1990)

Hypertriglyceridemia is a common disorder of lipid transport occurring either as a primary or secondary manifestation of the underlying metabolic derangement. Although most prospective studies have provided no evidence for the independent contribution of plasma triglycerides to atherosclerosis, results of several clinical and metabolic studies have indicated that some modified triglyceride-rich lipoproteins may be as atherogenic as the typical cholesterol-rich low density lipoproteins. Our studies on the sequential fractionation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins have identified five major apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein families including cholesterol-rich lipoprotein B and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins B:C, B:C:E, B:E and A-II:B:C:D:E. The evaluation of the results of Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study has shown that some triglyceride-rich lipoproteins play an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. The combined niacin-colestipol treatment resulted in a 40-50% decrease in the levels of cholesterol-rich lipoprotein B but had no effect on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Patients who had increased levels of latter lipoproteins, as demonstrated by decreased levels of apolipoprotein C-III in heparin-Mn++ supernates, showed progression of atherosclerotic lesions. On the other hand, in the Helsinki Heart Study, despite minimal reduction in the levels of LDL-cholesterol, patients with phenotypes IIB and IV had higher reduction rates in coronary end points than patients with phenotype IIA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Polypropylene: the definitive user's guide and databook (1998)

Polypropylene: The Definitive User's Guide and Databook presents in a single volume a panoramic and up-to-the-minute user's guide for today's most important thermoplastic. The book examines every aspect science, technology, engineering, properties, design, processing, applications of the continuing development and use of polypropylene. The unique treatment means that specialists can not only find what they want but for the first time can relate to and understand the needs and requirements of others in the product development chain. The entire work is underpinned by very extensive collections of property data that allow the reader to put the information to real industrial and commercial use. Despite the preeminence and unrivaled versatility of polypropylene as a thermoplastic material to manufacture, relatively few books have been devoted to its study. Polypropylene: The Definitive User's Guide and Databook not only fills the gap but breaks new ground in doing so. Polypropylene is the most popular thermoplastic in use today, and still one of the fastest growing. Polypropylene: The Definitive User's Guide and Databook is the complete workbook and reference resource for all those who work with the material. Its comprehensive scope uniquely caters to polymer scientists, plastics engineers, processing technologists, product designers, machinery and mold makers, product managers, end users, researchers and students alike.
Humoral Immune Response to Mesothelin in Mesothelioma and Ovarian Cancer Patients (2005)

Our findings indicate that mesothelin is a new tumor antigen in patients with mesothelioma and ovarian cancer and the immunogenicity of mesothelin is associated with its high expression on the tumor cells. Mesothelin represents an excellent target for immune-based therapies.
Efficacy of a Skin Tear Education Program (2009)

Our Web-based skin tear educational program was effective in improving nurses' knowledge regarding skin tear identification and assessment, classification and differentiation, and treatment.
Recombinant Soluble Human Complement Receptor Type 1 Inhibits Antisperm Antibody- and Neutrophil-Mediated Injury to Human Sperm1 (1996)

The pathogenesis of antisperm antibody (ASA)-mediated infertility is postulated to be related in part to complement (C)-dependent sperm dysfunction in the female genital tract. We have previously demonstrated that C can be involved in ASA-mediated sperm injury by the deposition of activated C3 fragments and the assembly of terminal membrane attack complex (C5b-9) leading to C3-mediated sperm binding to neutrophils or C5b-9-mediated sperm motility loss. This study evaluated the protective effect of recombinant soluble C receptor type 1 (sCR1) on ASA-and C-mediated neutrophil/sperm interaction, neutrophil aggregation, and sperm motility loss. Motile sperm with or without neutrophils were incubated in the presence of 10% C-fixing ASA+ serum or ASA- control sera in the presence or absence of sCR1. After defined incubation periods, the following neutrophil and sperm parameters were evaluated: 1) neutrophil aggregation (by the flow cytometric pulse processing method), 2) sperm phagocytosis (by light microscopy), 3) the deposition of C3 cleavage fragments (C3b, iC3b, and C3d) on motile sperm (by immunofluorescence flow cytometry), and 4) the relation between sperm motility loss and sperm-bound C3d. Only the coincubation of neutrophils with sperm in the presence of C-fixing ASA+ sera resulted in marked neutrophil aggregation (20.5 +/- 0.26% vs. 2.4% +/- 1.6; p < 0.0001) and a concomitant increase in neutrophils containing ingested sperm (71 +/- 5.8% vs. 3.5%; p < 0.0001). Soluble CR1 inhibited ASA- and C-mediated neutrophil aggregation by 46% and sperm phagocytosis by 57%. Motile sperm incubated with C-fixing ASA- sera showed a time-dependent increase in the binding of C3 fragments as detected by flow cytometry using anti-iC3b neoantigen, anti-C3c, and anti-C3d monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). A negative correlation (r2 = -0.930; p < 0.001) was found between the increase in sperm-associated C3d fluorescence and the percentage motile sperm in the presence of ASA- sera. Soluble CR1 (200 micrograms/ml) maximally inhibited the binding of anti-C3b, anti-C3c, and anti-C3d mAbs to sperm by 96%, 83%, and 72%, respectively. Thus, sCR1 abrogated the binding of C3 fragments to human sperm and fully protected sperm from C5b-9-mediated sperm immobilization. These findings suggested the therapeutic potential of sCR1 as an intravaginal pharmacophore to prevent C-dependent sperm dysfunction and related inflammatory events in the female genital tract.
Real time video analysis to monitor neonatal medical condition (2017)

One in eight live births in the United States is premature and these infants have complications leading to life threatening events such as apnea (pauses in breathing), bradycardia (slowness of heart) and hypoxia (oxygen desaturation). Infant movement pattern has been hypothesized as an important predictive marker for these life threatening events. Thus estimation of movement along with behavioral states, as a precursor of life threatening events, can be useful for risk stratification of infants as well as for effective management of disease state. However, more important and challenging is the determination of the behavioral state of the infant. This information includes important cues such as sleep position and the status of the eyes, which are important markers for neonatal neurodevelopment state. This paper explores the feasibility of using real time video analysis to monitor the condition of premature infants. The image of the infant can be segmented into regions to localize and focus on specific areas of interest. Analysis of the segmented regions can be performed to identify different parts of the body including the face, arms, legs and torso. This is necessary due to real-time processing speed considerations. Such a monitoring system would be of great benefit as an aide to medical staff in neonatal hospital settings requiring constant surveillance. Any such system would have to satisfy extremely stringent reliability and accuracy requirements, before it can be deployed in a hospital care unit, due to obvious reasons. The effect of lighting conditions and interference will have to be mitigated to achieve such performance.
Development of a cross‐platform ubiquitous language learning service via mobile phone and interactive television* (2007)

Abstract This paper describes the development processes for a cross‐platform ubiquitous language learning service via interactive television (iTV) and mobile phone. Adapting a learner‐centred design methodology, a number of requirements were gathered from multiple sources that were subsequently used in TAMALLE (television and mobile phone assisted language learning environment) development. A number of issues that arise in the context of cross‐platform user interface design and architecture for ubiquitous language learning were tackled. Finally, we discuss a multi‐method evaluation regime to gauge usability, perceived usefulness and desirability of TAMALLE system. The result broadly revealed an overall positive response from language learners. Although, there were some reported difficulties in reading text and on‐screen display mainly on the iTV side of the interface, TAMALLE was perceived to be a usable, useful and desirable tool to support informal language learning and also for gaining new contextual and cultural knowledge.
Scattering from strain variations in high-mobility Si/SiGe heterostructures (1995)

Computations of scattering rates from strain variations in high-mobility n-channel Si/SiGe heterostructures are presented, and the results compared with experiment. Two sources of strain variation are considered—interface roughness and misfit dislocations—both of which form to relieve strain in the Si channel layer which is under tension. Strain variations induced by interface roughness are demonstrated to provide a source of scattering which, for highly strained systems of the type considered here, is significantly larger than conventional geometrical roughness scattering. Misfit dislocations provide a source of localized scattering centers, and an appropriate formalism is developed to describe this case. For both types of scattering, reasonable agreement with measured mobilities is found for various values of channel thickness.
New Approaches to Vaccine Adjuvants: Inhibiting the Inhibitor (2005)

Graham discusses a study that explores new approaches to enhancing vaccine-induced immune responses.
Interleukin-6 Inhibits Fas-Induced Apoptosis and Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Multiple Myeloma Cells (1997)

Fas belongs to the family of type-1 membrane proteins that transduce apoptotic signals. In the present studies, we characterized signaling during Fas-induced apoptosis in RPMI-8226 and IM-9 multiple myeloma (MM) derived cell lines as well as patient plasma cell leukemia cells. Treatment with anti-Fas (7C11) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) induced apoptosis, evidenced by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and propidium iodide staining, and was associated with increased expression of c-jun early response gene. We also show that anti-Fas MoAb treatment is associated with activation of stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); however, no detectable increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1 and ERK2) activity was observed. Because interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a growth factor for MM cells and inhibits apoptosis induced by dexamethasone and serum starvation, we examined whether IL-6 affects anti-Fas MoAb-induced apoptosis and activation of SAPK or p38 MAPK in MM cells. Culture of MM cells with IL-6 before treatment with anti-Fas MoAb significantly reduced both DNA fragmentation and activation of SAPK, without altering induction of p38 MAPK activity. These results therefore suggest that anti-Fas MoAb-induced apoptosis in MM cells is associated with activation of SAPK, and that IL-6 may both inhibit apoptosis and modulate SAPK activity.
Correlation between stability of a protein and its dipeptide composition: a novel approach for predicting in vivo stability of a protein from its primary sequence (1990)

Statistical analysis of 12 unstable and 32 stable proteins revealed that there are certain dipeptides, the occurrence of which is significantly different in the unstable proteins compared with those in the stable ones. Based on the impact of these dipeptides on the unstable proteins over the stable ones, a weight value of instability is assigned to each of the dipeptides. For a given protein the summation of these weight values normalized to the length of its sequence helps to distinguish between unstable and stable proteins. Results suggest that the in vivo instability of proteins is possibly determined by the order of certain amino acids in its sequence. An attempt is made to correlate metabolic stability of proteins with features of their primary sequence where weight values of instability for a protein of known sequence could thus be used as an index for predicting its stability characteristics.
The Effects of the Nitric Oxide Donor SIN-1 on Ischemia-Reperfused Cutaneous and Myocutaneous Flaps (2002)

Ischemia-reperfusion injury causes tissue damage that leads to a decrease in bioavailability of nitric oxide. The authors hypothesized that an exogenous supply of nitric oxide will have beneficial effects on survival of skin and skeletal muscle subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. By using the nitric oxide donor SIN-1 (3-morpholino-sydnonimine) the effects of direct intraarterial infusion of an exogenous source of nitric oxide in reperfused flaps was studied. Bilateral island buttock skin flaps and latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps were elevated in eight pigs, for a total of 32 flaps. Flaps were subjected to 6 hours of ischemia followed by 18 hours of reperfusion. Flaps on one side of each animal were randomized to be treated with the nitric oxide donor (treatment group). The contralateral side was treated with an equivalent volume of saline vehicle (infusion control) SIN-1, or saline was administered as a continuous direct intraarterial infusion at the onset of reperfusion and continued during the observation period. Outcomes measured were tissue neutrophil accumulation by using myeloperoxidase assay and tissue survival (intravenous fluorescein and nitroblue tetrazolium for skin and muscle, respectively). In both skin and myocutaneous flaps, SIN-1 treatment caused a significant improvement in survival and a decrease in neutrophil accumulation. Nitric oxide may play an important role in the pathophysiologic process of ischemia-induced reperfusion injury in skin and skeletal muscle. Nitric oxide donors may be a promising family of therapeutic agents for the prevention of ischemia-induced reperfusion injury in cutaneous and myocutaneous flaps.
Direct Measurement of Antigen Binding Properties of CD1 Proteins Using Fluorescent Lipid Probes (2003)

CD1 proteins are antigen-presenting molecules that bind foreign and self-lipids and stimulate specific T cell responses. In the current study, we investigated ligand binding by CD1 proteins by developing a fluorescent probe binding approach using soluble recombinant human CD1 proteins. To increase stability and yield, soluble group 1 CD1 (CD1b and CD1c) and group 2 CD1 (CD1d) proteins were produced as single chain secreted CD1 proteins in which beta2-microglobulin was fused to the N termini of the CD1 heavy chains by a flexible peptide linker sequence. Analysis of ligand binding properties of single chain secreted CD1 proteins by using fluorescent lipid probes indicated significant differences in ligand preference and in pH dependence of binding by group 1 versus group 2 CD1 proteins. Whereas group 1 CD1 isoforms (CD1b and CD1c) show stronger binding of nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-labeled dialkyl-based ligands (phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and ceramide), group 2 CD1 (CD1d) proteins were stronger binders of small hydrophobic probes such as 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid and 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-naphthyl-5,5'-disulfonic acid. Competition studies indicated that binding of fluorescent lipid probes involved association of the probe with the hydrophobic ligand binding groove of CD1 proteins. Analysis of selected alanine substitution mutants of human CD1b known to inhibit antigen presentation showed that NBD-labeled lipid probe binding could be used to distinguish mutations that interfere with ligand binding from those that affect T cell receptor docking. Our findings provide further evidence for the functional specialization of different CD1 isoforms and demonstrate the value of the fluorescent lipid probe binding method for assisting structure-based studies of CD1 function.
Polypeptide resurfacing method improves fibroblast's adhesion to hyaluronan strands (1999)

Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan, HyA) is a matrix component that takes part in cell adhesion and growth in normal and repaired tissues. Since it is soluble in water, HyA has been of limited use in tissue engineering of artificial matrices. Recent studies demonstrate that polypeptides have the twin advantages of reducing solubility of HyA and improving cellular attachment via cell surface adhesion molecule receptors. This paper describes a new approach of using a polypeptide resurfacing method to enhance the attachment of cells to HyA strands. HyA strands were crosslinked by glutaraldehyde and then resurfaced with poly-D-lysine, poly-L-lysine, glycine, or glutamine. After inoculation with fibroblasts in vitro, modified HyA was evaluated with histological and immunohistochemical staining methods for cell adhesion and proliferation. Modified HyA with fibroblast cells also were implanted in vivo. The results show that (1) both polylysines enhanced fibroblast adhesion to crosslinked HyA strands; (2) HyA strands were able to be crosslinked well by 3 days of treatment in glutaraldehyde, and as a biomaterial they could resist biodegradation; (3) modified HyA has good biocompatibility, both in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrate that HyA material resurfaced by polypeptides has positive advantages for cellular adhesion. Resurfaced HyA has much potential as an improved biomaterial for clinical usage. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 47, 79–84, 1999.