gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of acrimarins from 1,3,5‐trioxygenated‐9‐acridone derivatives (2004)

Abstract 1,3,5‐Trihydroxy‐9(10 H )‐acridinone (1) was prepared from 3‐hydroxyanthranillic acid with phloroglucinol. 1,3‐Dihydroxy‐5‐methoxy‐9(10 H )‐acridinone (2) was prepared from 3‐methoxyanthranillic acid and phloroglucinol. Methylation of 1 under different conditions gave 1‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxy (3), 1‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxy‐10‐methyl (4), 1‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐methyl (5), 1,3,5‐trimethoxy‐10‐methyl (6) and 1,3,5‐trimethoxy‐4,10‐dimethyl (7) analogues. Demethylation of 4 afforded the 1,3,5‐trihydroxy‐10‐methyl analogue 8. Condensation of acridones 1, 2, 3 and 4 individually with E ‐suberenol (9) gave four novel acrimarins (acridone‐coumarin dimers) 10, 11, 12 and 13 respectively, while the acridone 8 gave previously reported acrimarin‐G (14).
Non-parametric quantification of protein lysate arrays (2007)

Code to implement the proposed method in the statistical package R is available at: http://odin.mdacc.tmc.edu/jhu/lysatearray-analysis/
Management of Chronic Nonmalignant Pain with Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (2008)

Chronic nonmalignant pain is a major burden on the health care system in the United States. Frequently, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to assist in the management of various chronic pain syndromes. Although evidence is accumulating on the potential toxicities associated with NSAIDs, clear recommendations are lacking to guide the appropriate use of these drugs. Equivocal data, especially with respect to cardiovascular risk, further confuse a clear treatment pathway when assessing pharmacotherapy. Originally, cyclooxygenase selectivity appeared to be a determining factor in choosing an agent because of the presumed lack of effect on the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal renal systems. This theory, however, was recently dispelled. To provide guidance on the selection of an NSAID for various chronic pain syndromes, members of the Ambulatory Care, Cardiology, and Pain and Palliative Care Practice and Research Networks of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy evaluated evidence-based use of NSAIDs for frequently encountered pain syndromes, with special focus on the adverse effects of this class of agents.
Oxidation stages of organic aliphatic compounds: A classification scheme (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation stages of organic aliphatic compounds: A classification schemeSamuel Soloveichik and Henry Krakauer Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 10, 532Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1966Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1966Published inissue 1 October 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ed043p532RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Purification and Characterization of the Serum Amyloid A3 Enhancer Factor (1999)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute-phase protein synthesized and secreted mainly by the liver. In response to acute inflammation, its expression may be induced up to 1000-fold, primarily as a result of a 200-fold increase in the rate of SAA gene transcription. We showed previously that cytokine-induced transcription of the SAA3 gene promoter requires a transcriptional enhancer that contains three functional elements: two CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-binding sites and a third site that interacts with a constitutively expressed transcription factor, SAA3 enhancer factor (SEF). Each of these binding sites as well as cooperation among their binding factors is necessary for maximum transcription activation by inflammatory cytokines. Deletion or site-specific mutations in the SEF-binding site drastically reduced SAA3 promoter activity, strongly suggesting that SEF is important in SAA3 promoter function. To further elucidate its role in the regulation of the SAA3 gene, we purified SEF from HeLa nuclear extracts to near homogeneity by using conventional liquid chromatography and DNA affinity chromatography. Ultraviolet cross-linking and Southwestern experiments indicated that SEF consisted of a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 65 kDa. Protein sequencing and antibody supershift experiments identified SEF as transcription factor LBP-1c/CP2/LSF. Cotransfection of SEF expression vector with SAA3-luciferase reporter resulted in approximately a 5-fold increase in luciferase activity. Interestingly, interleukin-1 treatment of SEF-transfected cells caused dramatic synergistic activation (31-fold) of the SAA3 promoter. In addition to its role in regulating SAA3 gene expression, we provide evidence that SEF could also bind in a sequence-specific manner to the promoters of the alpha(2)-macroglobulin and Aalpha-fibrinogen genes and to an intronic enhancer of the human Wilm's tumor 1 gene, suggesting a functional role in the regulation of these genes.
Fine mapping and characterization of the Rous sarcoma virus Pr76gag late assembly domain (1996)

The p2 region of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag polyprotein contains an assembly domain, which is required late in replication for efficient budding of virus-like particles from cells (J. W. Wills, C. E. Cameron, C. B. Wilson, Y. Xiang, R. P. Bennett, and J. Leis, J. Virol. 68:6605-6618, 1994). This domain, referred to as the L domain, was previously mapped to the 11 amino acids of p2b. Through the analysis of a series of deletion and substitution mutations, the L domain has now been fine mapped to a highly conserved amino acid sequence, PPPPYV of p2b. Sequences flanking PPPPYV motif can be deleted without any effect on budding. Defects caused by L-domain deletions can be rescued by placing a wild-type copy of the sequence at several other positions in RSV Gag. A proline-rich P(S/T)APP motif is found in many retroviral Gag polyproteins; the motif found in the p6 region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 has been implicated in late functions of the virus. Substitution of the RSV L domain with this motif in a 10-amino-acid sequence derived from visna leukemia virus results in wild-type release of virus particles from cells. In contrast, the slightly different sequences from Gibbon ape leukemia virus, Moloney leukemia virus, PSAPP alone, or a proline-rich SH3 binding sequence do not efficiently rescue RSV L-domain mutations.
Dosing of zoledronic acid with its anti-tumor effects in breast cancer (2015)

Bisphosphonates have played an important role in the treatment of breast cancer, mainly in patients with bone metastasis, by reducing the risk of fracture, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia. Zoledronic acid, the most frequently used intravenous agent, has been traditionally administered on a monthly dosing schedule. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that zoledronic acid can inhibit angiogenesis, invasion, and adhesion of tumor cells. Several clinical studies of different timings and schedules of zoledronic acid therapy have demonstrated its anti-tumor effects, as well as its protective effect on bone health, in postmenopausal women during adjuvant breast cancer therapy. In general, early initiation of zoledronic acid, concomitantly with adjuvant therapy, has been found to be most beneficial. However, questions remain over the most effective schedule of treatment and relative potency of zoledronic acid. Therefore, we review the existing clinical studies to examine the influence of dosing of zoledronic acid therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with breast cancer.
Isolated human islets contain a distinct population of mesenchymal stem cells (2010)

Islet replacement is a promising approach for type-1 diabetes treatment, but the shortage of organ donors demands new sources of β-cells. The use of stem/precursor cells may represent an attractive alternative. Islet-derived stem/precursor cells (hIPC) have been isolated from human islet preparations, but neither their origin, nor their contribution to β-cell formation in the adult pancreas, are well understood. To study these cells in more detail hIPC were isolated from purified human islets, cultured and functionally characterized. Cultured hIPC did not express the genes for endocrine hormones. These cells exhibited the capacity to aggregate and form clusters when transferred to serum-free medium. In these clusters the expression of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin genes is induced. Human IPC lack expression of Von Willebrand Factor, CD31, CD34, CD45, and CK19 and CA19.9, demonstrating that hIPC are neither of hematopoietic, endothelial, nor of ductal origin. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) markers CD105, CD90, CD73, CD44, CD29, and CD13 are expressed, as well as nestin and vimentin. With the appropriate stimuli the cells can differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts lineages. Also hIPC express the pericyte markers CD146, NG2, αSMA and PDGF-Rβ. Immunoflowcytometry revealed that human islets contain 2.0 ± 0.8% of CD105/CD90 double-positive cells. Confocal microscopy showed that these cells reside within the human islets. Altogether our data revealed the presence of a distinct MSC-like stem cell population in isolated human islets.
Host range restriction of vaccinia virus in Chinese hamster ovary cells: relationship to shutoff of protein synthesis (1978)

Chinese hamster ovary cells were found to be nonpermissive for vaccinia virus. Although early virus-induced events occurred in these cells (RNA and polypeptide synthesis), subsequent events appeared to be prevented by a very rapid and nonselective shutoff of protein synthesis. Within less than 2 h after infection, both host and viral protein syntheses were arrested. At low multiplicities of infection, inhibition of RNA synthesis with cordycepin resulted in failure of the virus to block protein synthesis. Moreover, infection of the cells in the presence of cycloheximide prevented the immediate onset of shutoff after reversal of cycloheximide. Inactivation of virus particles by UV irradiation also impaired the capacity of the virus to inhibit protein synthesis. These results suggested that an early vaccinia virus-coded product was implicated in the shutoff of protein synthesis. Either the nonpermissive Chinese hamster ovary cells were more sensitive to this inhibition than permissive cells, or a regulatory control of the vaccinia shutoff function was defective.
IED: ‘improvised explosive device’ or an ‘inspirational and exceptional but disabled’ young soldier? The impact of blast injuries in a combat war zone (2012)

Coalition military forces are currently engaged in armed combat in Afghanistan. Young soldiers who are injured in battle may suffer extensive, debilitating injuries, which can have devastating consequences. The leading cause of death among troops is the increasing use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Gunshot wounds and IEDs both cause injuries which may involve the bowel. In this article, Maddie White and Annette Leyland discuss the care associated with these injuries, to provide nurses working in coloproctology with an insight into their complexity and management.
The DC glow discharge at atmospheric pressure (2002)

The transition of a negative corona discharge into a glow discharge at atmospheric pressure is investigated. The volt-ampere characteristics of a pin-to-plate discharge configuration reveal the existence of three discharge regimes: corona, glow, and spark. The discharge luminosity is indicative of the differences in the electrical field distribution in the different regimes.
MIT1, a black mamba toxin with a new and highly potent activity on intestinal contraction (1999)

Mamba intestinal toxin (MIT(1)) isolated from Dendroaspis polylepis venom is a 81 amino acid polypeptide cross-linked by five disulphide bridges. MIT(1) has a very potent action on guinea-pig intestinal contractility. MIT(1) (1 nM) potently contracts longitudinal ileal muscle and distal colon, and this contraction is equivalent to that of 40 mM K(+). Conversely MIT(1) relaxes proximal colon again as potently as 40 mM K(+). The MIT(1)-induced effects are antagonised by tetrodotoxin (1 microM) in proximal and distal colon but not in longitudinal ileum. The MIT(1)-induced relaxation of the proximal colon is reversibly inhibited by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (200 microM). (125)I-labelled MIT(1) binds with a very high affinity to both ileum and brain membranes (K(d)=1.3 pM and 0.9 pM, and B(max)=30 fmol/mg and 26 fmol/mg, respectively). MIT(1) is a very highly selective toxin for a receptor present both in the CNS and in the smooth muscle and which might be an as yet unidentified K(+) channel.
The refined theory for a magnetoelastic body – II. Plane problems (2010)

Without employing ad hoc stress or deformation assumptions, various two-dimensional equations and solutions for plane problems have been deduced systematically and directly from thick plate theory by using the general solution of magnetoelastic theory for the soft ferromagnetic elastic solids and the Lur'e method. These equations and solutions are used to construct the refined theory for the plane problems. In the case of homogeneous boundary conditions, the exact governing differential equations and solutions for the plate are derived, which consist of four governing differential equations. It can be noted that the refined theory is consistent with the decomposition theorem by Gregory. In the case of nonhomogeneous boundary conditions, the approximate governing differential equations and solutions for the plate are accurate up to the second-order terms. The correctness of the stress assumptions in the classic plane stress problems is revised. In two illustrative examples of plates, it is shown that the exact or accurate solutions can be obtained in use of the refined theory deduced herein.
Development of Automated Aids for Decision Analysis (1976)

Abstract : This report summarizes research undertaken to initiate development of a system of automated decision aids. The purpose of these aids is to facilitate the application of decision analysis to major decisions within the Department of Defense. The report contains: (1) a characterization of the spectrum of decision situations that are encountered in practice and an exploration of the implications of these characteristics for automated decision aids; (2) a description of the types of decision models available for analyzing various decision situations; (3) a description of the process by which decision models are constructed; and (4) an identification of several modeling concepts that provide a basis for designing and constructing a pilot-level system of automated decision aids.
A Method for Isolation of Intact, Translationally Active Ribonucleic Acid (1983)

A method for isolation of large, translationally active RNA species is presented. The procedure involves homogenization of cells or tissues in 5 M guanidine monothiocyanate followed by direct precipitation of RNA from the guanidinium by 4 M LiCl. Modifications are described for use with tissue culture cells, yeast, tissues, or isolated nuclei. The advantages of the procedure include speed, simplicity, avoidance of an ultracentrifugation, and its applicability to large numbers of small samples. The procedure yields large mRNA precursors up to 10 kb and mRNA species which translate very well. However, small (less than 300 nucleotides) RNA species are recovered with a poor yield.
DHCP Relay Agent Information Option (2001)

Newer high-speed Internet access technologies call for a high-speed modem to have a local area network (LAN) attachment to one or more customer premise hosts. It is advantageous to use the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) as defined in RFC 2131 to assign customer premise host IP addresses in this environment. However, a number of security and scaling problems arise with such public DHCP use. This document describes a new DHCP option to address these issues. This option extends the set of DHCP options as defined in RFC 2132.
Generation and reproductive phenotypes of mice lacking estrogen receptor β (1998)

Estrogens influence the differentiation and maintenance of reproductive tissues and affect lipid metabolism and bone remodeling. Two estrogen receptors (ERs) have been identified to date, ERalpha and ERbeta. We previously generated and studied knockout mice lacking estrogen receptor alpha and reported severe reproductive and behavioral phenotypes including complete infertility of both male and female mice and absence of breast tissue development. Here we describe the generation of mice lacking estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta -/-) by insertion of a neomycin resistance gene into exon 3 of the coding gene by using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Mice lacking this receptor develop normally and are indistinguishable grossly and histologically as young adults from their littermates. RNA analysis and immunocytochemistry show that tissues from ERbeta -/- mice lack normal ERbeta RNA and protein. Breeding experiments with young, sexually mature females show that they are fertile and exhibit normal sexual behavior, but have fewer and smaller litters than wild-type mice. Superovulation experiments indicate that this reduction in fertility is the result of reduced ovarian efficiency. The mutant females have normal breast development and lactate normally. Young, sexually mature male mice show no overt abnormalities and reproduce normally. Older mutant males display signs of prostate and bladder hyperplasia. Our results indicate that ERbeta is essential for normal ovulation efficiency but is not essential for female or male sexual differentiation, fertility, or lactation. Future experiments are required to determine the role of ERbeta in bone and cardiovascular homeostasis.
Tissue kallikrein protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy through kinin B2 receptor and glycogen synthase kinase-3β activation☆ (2006)

These findings indicate that tissue kallikrein, through kinin B2 receptor and GSK-3beta signaling, protects against pressure overload-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by increased NO formation and oxidative stress-induced Akt-GSK-3beta-mediated signaling events, MAPK and NF-kappaB activation.
Continuous human bone marrow culture: Ia antigen characterization of probable pluripotential stem cells (1980)

The presence of Ia-like antigens on human CFU-C and BFU-e is confirmed and a cell type that lacked immediate capacity for granulocytic colony formation but generated CFU-c after brief incubation in simple suspension culture is identified. This pre-CFU-c, and its immediate progeny, was extremely sensitive to killing by anti-Ia serum with complement. In contrast, anti-Ia serum plus complement treatment of human bone marrow, while eliminating 93%-97% of all CFU-c and BFU-e, did not prevent the rapid regeneration of these progenitor cells and their production for some weeks under the conditions of continuous marrow culture. These studies suggest that the human equivalent of the pluripotential stem cell can replicate for some weeks in culture and generate committed progenitors, such as CFU-c and BFU-e. Furthermore, it would appear that Ia-like antigen is absent on the pluripotential stem cell, is rapidly gained as commitment to the various progenitor cell types occur, and is subsequently lost as these latter undergo differentiation within the marrow.
Structure and Mechanism of Multifunctional Restriction Endonucleases (1981)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Selectivity enhancement by hydrogen addition in selective area metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy of GaN and InGaN (2010)

Abstract Selective area metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy (SA‐MOVPE) allows in‐plane control of layer composition and thickness. The use of relatively wide (&gt;10 µm) selective masks brings about large wavelength modulation, taking advantage of vapor‐phase diffusion of precursors. The wide masks, however, tend to induce nucleation on them, leading to much reduced and uncontrollable wavelength modulation. To obtain deposition selectivity between masks and crystal surface, hydrogen addition was proved to be effective by preventing GaN nucleation on masks. Consequently, the maximum growth rate enhancement of 4.8 and the photoluminescence peak shift of 54 nm (nominally 11% shift in the indium composition) were achieved for InGaN bulk layer.
Spontaneous production of epstein‐barr virus by b lymphoblastoid cell lines obtained from patients with sjögren's syndrome. possible involvement of a novel strain of epstein‐barr virus in disease pathogenesis (1993)

Spontaneous, massive production of EBV by B cell lines is unique to SS, and may contribute to the polyclonal B cell activation seen in this disease.
Nomenclature and Overview of the Mouse (<i>Mus musculus</i> and <i>Mus</i> sp.) Immunoglobulin Kappa (IGK) Genes (2001)

'Nomenclature and overview of the mouse (Mus musculus and Mus sp.) immunoglobulin kappa (IGK) Genes', the 19th report of the 'IMGT Locus in Focus' section, provides the first complete list of all the mouse (M. musculus) IGK genes. The mouse (M. musculus) locus spans 3,200 kb. The total number of mouse (M. musculus) IGK genes per haploid genome is 164 (174 if the orphons are included). The functional genomic repertoire comprises 93 IGKV belonging to 18 subgroups, 5 IGKJ and 1 IGKC gene. IMGT gene names and definitions of the mouse (M. musculus) IGK genes on chromosome 6 and IGK orphons are provided with the gene functionality and the number of alleles, according to the concepts of IMGT-ONTOLOGY and to rules of the IMGT Scientific chart, with the accession numbers of the IMGT reference sequences. These tables and figures are available at the IMGT Marie-Paule page of IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database (http://imgt.cines.fr) created by Marie-Paule Lefranc, Université Montpellier II, CNRS, France.
Sparsity-Based Recovery of Finite Alphabet Solutions to Underdetermined Linear Systems (2015)

We consider the problem of estimating a deterministic finite alphabet vector f from underdetermined measurements y = A f , where A is a given (random) n × N matrix. Two new convex optimization methods are introduced for the recovery of finite alphabet signals via ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm minimization. The first method is based on regularization. In the second approach, the problem is formulated as the recovery of sparse signals after a suitable sparse transform. The regularization-based method is less complex than the transform-based one. When the alphabet size p equals 2 and (n, N) grows proportionally, the conditions under which the signal will be recovered with high probability are the same for the two methods. When p > 2, the behavior of the transform-based method is established. Experimental results support this theoretical result and show that the transform method outperforms the regularization-based one.