gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible fluorescence modulation of spiropyran-functionalized carbon nanoparticles (2013)

Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with diameters of about 3 nm which can emit blue-green light were synthesized through the hydrothermal carbonization of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA·2Na). Then, the CNPs were functionalized with spiropyrans to obtain the spiropyran-functionalized CNPs. The emission of the spiropyran-functionalized CNPs centered at 510 nm could be switched off, while being turned on at 650 nm via energy transfer after UV light irradiation. The process could be reversed by using visible light irradiation. The optical switching of the fluorescence was repeated 10 times without apparent “fatigue”, showing excellent photoreversibility and high stability. Spiropyran-functionalized CNPs may find potential applications in biological imaging and labeling, reversible data storage/erasing, as well as individual light-dependent nanoscale devices.
Specific Sequences of the Sm and Sm-like (Lsm) Proteins Mediate Their Interaction with the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Disease Gene Product (SMN) (2000)

The spinal muscular atrophy disease gene product (SMN) is crucial for small nuclear ribonuclear protein (snRNP) biogenesis in the cytoplasm and plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus. SMN oligomers interact avidly with the snRNP core proteins SmB, -D1, and -D3. We have delineated the specific sequences in the Sm proteins that mediate their interaction with SMN. We show that unique carboxyl-terminal arginine- and glycine-rich domains comprising the last 29 amino acids of SmD1 and the last 32 amino acids of SmD3 are necessary and sufficient for SMN binding. Interestingly, SMN also interacts with at least two of the U6-associated Sm-like (Lsm) proteins, Lsm4 and Lsm6. Furthermore, the carboxyl-terminal arginine- and glycine-rich domain of Lsm4 directly interacts with SMN. This suggests that SMN also functions in the assembly of the U6 snRNP in the nucleus and in the assembly of other Lsm-containing complexes. These findings demonstrate that arginine- and glycine-rich domains are necessary and sufficient for SMN interaction, and they expand further the range of targets of the SMN protein.
Combined effects of Notch signaling and cytokines induce a multiple log increase in precursors with lymphoid and myeloid reconstituting ability (2003)

We investigated whether combined signaling induced by engineered Notch ligands and hematopoietic growth factors influences hematopoietic stem-cell differentiation. We show that incubation of murine marrow precursors with Delta1(ext-IgG), a Notch ligand consisting of the Delta1 extracellular domain fused to the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), and growth factors stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-11, and Flt3-l inhibited myeloid differentiation and promoted a several-log increase in the number of precursors capable of short-term lymphoid and myeloid repopulation. Addition of IL7 promoted early T-cell development, whereas addition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) led to terminal myeloid differentiation. These results support a role for combinatorial effects by Notch and cytokine-induced signaling pathways in regulating hematopoietic cell fate and suggest the usefulness of Notch ligand in increasing hematopoietic precursor numbers for clinical stem-cell transplantation.
Steroids and Related Natural Products. VII. Boron Trifluoride Etherate—Lithium Aluminum Hydride Reduction of Smilagenin Acetate1,2 (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroids and Related Natural Products. VII. Boron Trifluoride Etherate—Lithium Aluminum Hydride Reduction of Smilagenin Acetate1,2GEORGE R. PETTIT and T. R. KASTURICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 11, 4553–4556Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01069a086https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01069a086research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Medication adherence and activity patterns underlying uncontrolled hypertension: Assessment and recommendations by practicing pharmacists using digital health care (2016)

DHFS that provides confirmation of medication taking and objective measures of lifestyle patterns can help pharmacists to identify specific factors contributing to uncontrolled hypertension, to make evidence-based prescribing and lifestyle recommendations for achieving treatment goals, and to create a collaborative experience for patients in the management of their self-care.
Acoustic Echo Cancellation for Multiple Reproduction Channels: From First Principles to Real-Time Solutions (2011)

Multichannel acoustic echo cancellation (MCAEC) is a key technology whenever hands-free and full-duplex communication in modern systems with multichannel sound reproduction is desired. Although the basic principle of echo cancellation has been well known for several decades, the multichannel case poses some additional and fundamentally different challenges. Moreover, there are even some notable differences between the two-channel case and the general multichannel case which has been addressed bit by bit only in recent years. The aim of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, after a brief review of the problem of multichannel acoustic echo cancellation, this paper gives an outline of how the problem may be tackled based on some fundamental principles. In this sense, the presentation in this paper brings together for the first time ideas from system theory, information theory, psychoacoustics, and also wave physics. Based on this framework, and as the other main contribution, we present in this paper some recent advances in the field of MCAEC. Thereby, important issues in the case of more than two channels are emphasized. Finally, as an outlook, we touch on our ongoing work towards MCAEC for massive multichannel sound reproduction, such as wave field synthesis. 1
An Overview of Miracle Enzyme- Serratiopeptidase (2008)

Inflammation and pain is the primary symptom associated with number of diseases/disorders. Search for a safe and effective physiological agent that offers anti-inflammatory properties without causing side effects of conventional treatment such as evident in case of NSAIDS and steroids has somewhat ended with the discovery of Serratiopeptidase. It is an acid labile enzyme obtained from silkworms. It has proven its effectiveness in a number of clinical studies against various inflammatory and painful conditions. In this review various aspects of this miracle enzyme has been highlighted together with its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects and clinical uses.
Induction of cytotoxicity in human lung adenocarcinoma cells by 6‐O‐carboxypropyl‐α‐tocotrienol, a redox‐silent derivative of α‐tocotrienol (2005)

Tocotrienols are one of the most potent anticancer agents of all natural compounds and the anticancer property may be related to the inactivation of Ras family molecules. The anticancer potential of tocotrienols, however, is weakened due to its short elimination half life in vivo. To overcome the disadvantage and reinforce the anticancer activity in tocotrienols, we synthesized a redox-silent analogue of alpha-tocotrienol (T3), 6-O-carboxypropyl-alpha-tocotrienol (T3E). We estimated the possibility of T3E as a new anticancer agent against lung adenocarcinoma showing poor prognosis based on the mutation of ras gene. T3E showed cytotoxicity against A549 cells, a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line with a ras gene mutation, in a dose-dependent manner (0-40 microM), whereas T3 and a redox-silent analogue of alpha-tocopherol (T), 6-O-carboxypropyl-alpha-tocopherol (TE), showed much less cytotoxicity in cells within 40 microM. T3E cytotoxicity was based on the accumulation of cells in the G1-phase of the cell-cycle and the subsequent induction of apoptosis. Similar to this event, 24-hr treatment of A549 cells with 40 microM T3E caused the inhibition of Ras farnesylation, and a marked decrease in the levels of cyclin D required for G1/S progression in the cell-cycle and Bcl-xL, a key anti-apoptotic molecule. Moreover, the T3E-dependent inhibition of RhoA geranyl-geranylation is an inducing factor for the occurrence of apoptosis in A549 cells. Our results suggest that T3E suppresses Ras and RhoA prenylation, leading to negative growth control against A549 cells. In conclusion, a redox-silent analogue of T3, T3E may be a new candidate as an anticancer agent against lung adenocarcinoma showing poor prognosis based on the mutation of ras genes.
Valproate induces widespread epigenetic reprogramming which involves demethylation of specific genes (2006)

Valproate (VPA)(1) has been used for decades in the treatment of epilepsy, and is also effective as a mood stabilizer and in migraine therapy. It has been shown that VPA is also a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. We have previously shown that VPA could trigger active demethylation of ectopically methylated transiently transfected DNA in HEK 293 cells. We therefore tested whether VPA treatment could bring about stable changes in the epigenome by causing changes in the state of DNA methylation of genomic DNA. Using a microarray gene expression analysis we identified the genes whose expression is induced by VPA treatment in HEK 293 cells. We found that a subset of these genes could also be induced by the classical DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxy-cytidine (5-aza-CdR) suggesting that VPA can alter the state of expression of genes, which are stably suppressed by DNA methylation. We mapped the state of methylation of three of these genes, MELANOMA ANTIGEN B2 GENE (MAGEB2), METALLOPROTEINASE 2 (MMP2) and WIF1, which are involved in tumor growth and metastasis. A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that VPA treatment caused as expected a change in the state of acetylation of these genes. Our data supports the concept that chromatin acetylation and DNA methylation are found in a dynamic interrelation and that the consequences of HDAC inhibitors are not limited to changes in histone acetylation but that they also bring about a change in the state of modification of DNA. The implications of our results on the future therapeutic utilities of VPA in cancer will be discussed.
Efficacy of the Rhesus Rotavirus–Based Quadrivalent Vaccine in Infants and Young Children in Venezuela (1997)

In this study in a developing country, the quadrivalent rhesus rotavirus-based vaccine induced a high level of protection against severe diarrheal illness caused by rotavirus.
Demographic and environmental stochasticity (2003)

This chapter defines and formulates demographic and environmental stochasticity, and illustrates statistical methods for estimating them from field data. Population fluctuations in most species are produced by demographic and environmental stochasticity, rather than by internally driven cycles or chaos. Demographic stochasticity results from chance independent events of individual mortality and reproduction, causing random fluctuations in population growth rate, primarily in small populations. Environmental stochasticity results from temporal fluctuations in mortality and reproductive rates of all individuals in a population in the same or similar fashion, causing population growth rate to fluctuate randomly in populations of all sizes. In populations much larger than the ratio of the demographic variance to the environmental variance, demographic stochasticity can be neglected. The demographic variance can be estimated from data on individual survival and reproduction, and using this, the environmental variance can then be estimated from population time series. Under density-independent growth in a random environment, the eventual rate of increase or decrease of population size is given by the long-run growth rate, the mean rate of increase of log population size, which is reduced by stochasticity. Density-dependent population growth in a stochastic environment produces temporal autocorrelation in population size, even in the absence of temporal autocorrelation in the environment. Time series for terrestrial populations of birds and mammals show little evidence of temporal environmental autocorrelation.
Culture of Glial Cells from Human Brain Biopsies (1997)

Surgical resections of selected human brain areas to ameliorate intractable epilepsy provide opportunities to isolate, maintain, and examine nonmalignant human neural cells in vitro. Since these specimens tend to be from patients of early adulthood or older, neurons do not survive the isolation process; the cells extracted are thus of glial origin, and include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglial cells. In our laboratories, although the biopsy materials (frontal or temporal lobes and corpus callosum) are mostly from subjects undergoing surgery to treat intractable epilepsy, we have not found any differences in properties of cells from such surgery when compared to other types of resections, such as those used to treat vascular anomalies involving the brain. In the frontal and temporal lobe resections, tissue is removed either en bloc or by Cavitron™ ultrasonic aspiration (CUSA), which fragments the tissue into cubes of 2 mm on average. Corpus callosum tissue is always removed by CUSA.
Discovery of a Neuroprotective Chemical, (S)-N-(3-(3,6-Dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-fluoropropyl)-6-methoxypyridin-2-amine [(−)-P7C3-S243], with Improved Druglike Properties (2014)

(-)-P7C3-S243 is a neuroprotective aminopropyl carbazole with improved druglike properties compared with previously reported compounds in the P7C3 class. It protects developing neurons in a mouse model of hippocampal neurogenesis and protects mature neurons within the substantia nigra in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. A short, enantioselective synthesis provides the neuroprotective agent in optically pure form. It is nontoxic, orally bioavailable, metabolically stable, and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. As such, it represents a valuable lead compound for the development of drugs to treat neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injury.
Phenotypic and Functional Changes Induced at the Clonal Level in Hematopoietic Stem Cells After 5-Fluorouracil Treatment (1997)

A significant fraction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been shown to be resistant to the effects of cytotoxic agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is thought to eliminate many of the rapidly dividing, more committed progenitors in the bone marrow and to provide a relatively enriched population of the most primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells. Although differences between 5-FU–enriched progenitor populations and those from normal bone marrow have been described, it remained unclear if these differences reflected characteristics of the most primitive stem cells that were revealed by 5-FU, or if there were changes in the stem-cell population itself. Here, we have examined some of the properties of the stem cells in the bone marrow before and after 5-FU treatment and have defined several activation-related changes in the stem-cell population. We found that long-term reconstituting stem cells decrease their expression of the growth factor receptor c-kit by 10-fold and increase their expression of the integrin Mac-1 (CD11b). These changes begin as early as 24 hours after 5-FU treatment and are most pronounced within 2 to 3 days. This activated phenotype of HSCs isolated from 5-FU–treated mice is similar to the phenotype of stem cells found in the fetal liver and to the phenotype of transiently repopulating progenitors in normal bone marrow. We found that cell cycle is induced concomitantly with these physical changes, and within 2 days as many as 29% of the stem-cell population is in the S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Furthermore, when examined at a clonal level, we found that 5-FU did not appear to eliminate many of the transient, multipotent progenitors from the bone marrow that were found to be copurified with long-term repopulating, activated stem cells. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of the hematopoietic system to changes in its homeostasis and correlate the expression of several important surface molecules with the activation state of HSCs.
The Critical Surface Tension of Wetting and the Role of Surfactants in Powder Wetting (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Critical Surface Tension of Wetting Theoretical Basis of the Critical Surface Tension Effect of Surfactant Adsorption Dynamic Processes of Adsorption and Wetting Wetting of Powders by Liquids References
The Function of Chemokines in Health and Disease (1999)

The cascade of events that dictate the normal physiologic processes leading to the initiation, maintenance, and final resolution of inflammation is the result of the host responding to a variety of direct or indirect stimuli. Although these stimuli may represent either infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, and protozoans) or noninfectious processes (trauma, autoimmune disorders, and ischemia/reperfusion injury), they all result in the activation and directed migration of leukocytes into an area of tissue injury. Our current understanding of inflammation suggests that the recruitment of leukocytes from the lumen of a vessel into a localized area of injury depends on an interrelated network of events, which must occur with some fidelity in order for the cells to arrive successfully at a site of inflammation. Although many of the steps involved in leukocyte activation and elicitation have been identified, a complete understanding of these processes, including the subsequent tissue injury, are not entirely known.
Case 21-2013 (2013)

A 68-year-old man presented with metastatic melanoma to the groin and pelvis 11 years after excision of a superficial spreading melanoma on the right leg. A diagnostic test was performed, and management decisions were made.
Monaural Speech Separation using Source-Adapted Models (2007)

We propose a model-based source separation system for use on single channel speech mixtures where the precise source characteristics are not known a priori. We do this by representing the space of source variation with a parametric signal model based on the eigenvoice technique for rapid speaker adaptation. We present an algorithm to infer the characteristics of the sources present in a mixture, allowing for significantly improved separation performance over that obtained using unadapted source models. The algorithm is evaluated on the task defined in the 2006 Speech Separation Challenge [1] and compared with separation using source-dependent models.
Target-Derived Neurotrophins Coordinate Transcription and Transport of Bclw to Prevent Axonal Degeneration (2013)

Establishment of neuronal circuitry depends on both formation and refinement of neural connections. During this process, target-derived neurotrophins regulate both transcription and translation to enable selective axon survival or elimination. However, it is not known whether retrograde signaling pathways that control transcription are coordinated with neurotrophin-regulated actions that transpire in the axon. Here we report that target-derived neurotrophins coordinate transcription of the antiapoptotic gene bclw with transport of bclw mRNA to the axon, and thereby prevent axonal degeneration in rat and mouse sensory neurons. We show that neurotrophin stimulation of nerve terminals elicits new bclw transcripts that are immediately transported to the axons and translated into protein. Bclw interacts with Bax and suppresses the caspase6 apoptotic cascade that fosters axonal degeneration. The scope of bclw regulation at the levels of transcription, transport, and translation provides a mechanism whereby sustained neurotrophin stimulation can be integrated over time, so that axonal survival is restricted to neurons connected within a stable circuit.
Antitumor effects of interleukin-12 (IL-12): applications for the immunotherapy and gene therapy of cancer. (1995)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a pleiotropic cytokine, formerly termed cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor (CLMF) or natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF), which is produced primarily by stimulated macrophages. IL-12 is a disulfide-linked heterodimeric cytokine composed of a 35-kDa light chain (p35) and a 40-kDa heavy chain (p40). Unlike most other cytokines, simultaneous transfection of mammalian cells with two different genes is necessary for the production of biologically active IL-12. IL-12 exerts a variety of biological effects on human T and natural killer (NK) cells in vitro, in addition to its ability to promote cytolytic activity, including direct stimulation of the production of IFN-gamma and other cytokines from peripheral blood T and NK cells. The recent finding that IL-12 directs the development of a TH1 type immune response from naive T cells demonstrates the critical role of IL-12 in regulating the immune response. The characteristics of IL-12 function described above strongly suggest its potential usefulness in cancer therapy. Indeed, our studies demonstrate that IL-12 exerts potent antitumor effects following systemic or local administration. We have shown that IL-12 delivered by retroviral vectors allows high-level expression and effective eradication of established tumor in multiple murine tumor models including MCA207 sarcoma. Successful therapy is associated with acquisition of a state of long-term, specific and protective immunity to subsequent challenge with tumor. We have recently received approval from the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee to proceed with IL-12 gene therapy in humans.
The necessary shift from diagnostic to prognostic research (2007)

We conclude that, in addition to diagnostic research, a renewed focus on prognostic research is needed.
Plasma neurotransmitters and cortisol in chronic illness: role of stress. (1994)

We routinely measured plasma neurotransmitters and hormone levels in order to investigate the role of stress on many types of diseases. In this study, we present results obtained from patients with severe chronic diseases. The study sample consisted of 88 patients (asthmatics, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, chronic active hepatitis, chronic relapsing hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, trigeminal neuralgia, systemic lupus erithematous, and rheumatoid arthritis), and their respective controls. Noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (Ad), dopamine (DA), platelet-serotonin (pS), free-serotonin (fS), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol (CRT) were determined during both exacerbation and improvement periods. A profile compatible with uncoping stress disorder (raised NA-Ad-DA + fS + CRT as well as low pS and NA/Ad ratio) was found during exacerbation periods when compared with improvement, as seen in controls. However, during improvement periods the neurochemical profile remained significantly different from that of normal controls. The neurochemical plus hormonal plasma profiles registered in chronic illness, both during exacerbation and improvement periods, strongly suggest that an uncoping stress mechanism underlies diseases of these patients.