gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-Situ Encapsulation of Quantum Dots into Polymer Microspheres (2006)

We have incorporated fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) into polystyrene microspheres using functionalized oligomeric phosphine (OP) ligands. We find that a uniform distribution of quantum dots is loaded inside each polymer bead. Some local close-packing of quantum dots in the beads is attributed to the self-polymerization of the functionalized ligands. The presence of quantum dots disturbs the nucleation and growth processes during the formation of polymer microspheres and results in a wider size distribution of the quantum dot-embedded polystyrene beads than for the control without dots. The change in quantum efficiency of the quantum dots before (approximately 20%) and after (12%) loading into the beads substantiates the protection of oligomeric phosphine ligands yet indicates that the properties of these quantum dots are still affected during processing.
Copper Wafer Bonding (1999)

Silicon wafers, coated with nm evaporated copper, were successfully bonded at for with a postbonding anneal in for . The postbonding anneal was required for successful bonding, but the annealing temperature did not influence the bond strength from 400 to . The inclusion of a tantalum diffusion barrier for did not affect the bonding strength or the bonding temperature. ©1999 The Electrochemical Society
Protein kinase C β1 overexpression augments phorbol ester-induced increase in endothelial permeability (1996)

We studied the postulated involvement of the protein kinase C beta 1 (PKC beta 1) isoform in the regulation of endothelial permeability using human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1). We overexpressed the recombinant PKC beta 1 gene via retroviral-mediated transduction in these cells. PKC beta 1 gene transfer was stable, and PKC beta 1 protein production was persistent for at least 1 month posttransduction. Addition of 2 x 10(-9) M and 2 x 10(-8) M phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to the control (nontransduced) HMEC-1 cells increased the transendothelial 125I-albumin clearance rate (an index of endothelial permeability) from 2.5 +/- 0.2 x 10(-2) microliters/min to 5.4 +/- 1.2 x 10(-2) microliters/min and 16.8 +/- 3.1 x 10(-2) microliters/min, respectively. However, addition of 2 x 10(-9) M PMA to PKC beta 1-overexpressing HMEC-1 cells produced a maximal increase in the transendothelial 125I-albumin clearance rate of 15.9 +/- 2.0 x 10(-2) microliters/min. Challenge of these cells with 2 x 10(-8) M PMA did not further augment the increase in permeability. Activation with PMA was associated with the translocation of the PKC beta 1 from the cytosol to the membrane. These data show that PKC beta 1 overexpression augments the increase in endothelial permeability in response to PKC activation, suggesting an important function for the PKC beta 1 isoform in the regulation of endothelial barrier.
A fully integrated micromachined magnetic particle manipulator and separator (2002)

A micromachined magnetic particle manipulator which can be used to influence magnetic particles suspended in liquid solutions has been realized on a silicon wafer. One important application for these devices is the separation of magnetic particles from dilute fluid suspensions. Previously, macro-scale versions of such devices have been realized using permanent magnets. In the device presented here, integrated inductive components have been used in place of permanent magnets, which yields several advantages in design flexibility, compactness, electrical control, and integration feasibility (thus enabling mass production). To show the feasibility of the device, magnetic fluid containing superparamagnetic particles of 0.8-1.3 /spl mu/m in diameter suspended in a buffer solution is flowed through a 100 /spl mu/m wide channel arranged between the poles of an integrated electromagnet quadrupole. An initial movement of magnetic particles is observed when the DC current in the coils reaches 100 mA. At 500 mA of DC current, approximately 0.03 Tesla of magnetic flux density is achieved at the gap between the quadrupoles, and the particles rapidly move toward the quadrupoles, separate from the buffer solution, and clump on the poles. The magnetic particles clumped on the poles are also easily released when the DC current is removed, achieving the primary purpose of a separator. This prototype device illustrates the high potential of integrated micromagnetics in chemical and biological applications where the manipulation of small amounts of reagent are important.
Determination of relapse risk based on assessment of minimal residual disease during complete remission by multiparameter flow cytometry in unselected patients with acute myeloid leukemia (2004)

Quantification of minimal residual disease (MRD) reveals significant prognostic information in patients treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The application of multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) for MRD assessment has resulted in significant prognostic information in selected cases in previous analyses. We analyzed MRD in unselected patients with AML in complete remission (CR) after induction (n = 58) and consolidation (n = 62) therapies. By using a comprehensive panel of monoclonal antibodies we identified at least one leukemia-associated aberrant immunophenotype (LAIP) in each patient. The degree of reduction between diagnosis and CR in LAIP-positive cells (log difference [LD]) as a continuous variable was significantly related to relapse-free survival (RFS) both after induction (P = .0001) and consolidation (P = .000 08) therapies, respectively. The LD determined after consolidation therapy was the only parameter related to overall survival (OS) (P = .005). Separation of patients based on the 75th percentile of LD after consolidation therapy resulted in groups with highly different RFS (83.3% versus 25.7%, P = .0034) and OS (87.5% versus 51.4%, P = .0507) at 2 years. Multivariate analysis identified LD as an independent prognostic factor for RFS at both checkpoints. MFC-based quantification of MRD reveals important prognostic information in unselected patients with AML in addition to cytogenetics and should be further evaluated and used in clinical trials.
Wormlike micelles: where do we stand? Recent developments, linear rheology and scattering techniques (2007)

Wormlike micelles are elongated flexible self-assembly structures formed by the aggregation of amphiphiles. Above a threshold concentration, they entangle into a dynamic network, reminiscent of polymer solutions, and display remarkable visco-elastic properties, which have been exploited in numerous industrial and technological fields. Relating the microstructure of these intricate structures with their bulk properties is still an ongoing quest. In this review, we present a classification of wormlike micelles, with a focus on novel systems and applications. We describe the current state of understanding of their linear rheology and give a detailed account of recent progress in small-angle neutron scattering, a particularly powerful technique to elucidate their microstructure on a wide range of length-scales.
Comparative Pharmacological Investigations ofAllium ursinumandAllium sativum (1992)

Extracts of wild garlic (Allium ursinum) and garlic (A. sativum) with defined chemical compositions were investigated for their in vitro inhibitory potential on 5-lipoxygenase (LO), cyclooxygenase (CO), thrombocyte aggregation (TA), and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). The inhibition rates as IC50 values of both extracts for 5-LO, CO, and TA showed a good correlation with the %-content of the major S-containing compounds (thiosulfinates and ajoenes) of the various extracts. In the 5-LO and CO test the garlic extracts are slightly superior to the wild garlic extracts whereas, in the TA test, no differences could be found. In the ACE test the water extract of the leaves of wild garlic containing glutamyl-peptides showed the highest inhibitory activity followed by that of the garlic leaf and the bulbs of both drugs. The comparative studies underline the usefulness of wild garlic as a substitute of garlic.
The human β-globin gene contains a downstream developmental specific enhancer (1987)

The human beta-globin gene is part of a multigene family and is expressed specifically in adult human erythroid tissue (for review, 1). When the human beta-globin is introduced into fertilized mouse eggs, it is first activated in foetal liver and remains expressed in adult erythroid tissues. It therefore mimicks the pattern of expression of its murine counterpart. It has previously been shown in tissue culture and transgenic mice that sequences downstream from the beta-globin promoter are involved in this regulation. We now show that at least part of these sequences are located 0.5-1.2kb downstream from the poly A addition site and constitute a transcriptional enhancer element that is erythroid and developmental specific.
Single-substrate birefringent computer-generated holograms (1996)

A polarization-selective computer-generated hologram fabricated upon a single substrate of birefringent YVO(4) crystal is demonstrated. Rigorous couple-wave analysis was used to model the element. The experimentally measured first diffraction order showed a close-to-theoretically predicted diffraction efficiency of 39%. The polarization contrast ratio was measured to be 33:1.
Multi-objective mixture-based iterated density estimation evolutionary algorithms (2001)

We propose an algorithm for multi-objective&#13;\noptimization using a mixture-based iterated&#13;\ndensity estimation evolutionary algorithm&#13;\n(MIDEA). The MIDEA algorithm is a prob-&#13;\nabilistic model building evolutionary algo-&#13;\nrithm that constructs at each generation a&#13;\nmixture of factorized probability distribu-&#13;\ntions. The use of a mixture distribution gives&#13;\nus a powerful, yet computationally tractable,&#13;\nrepresentation of complicated dependencies.&#13;\nIn addition it results in an elegant procedure&#13;\nto preserve the diversity in the population,&#13;\nwhich is necessary in order to be able to cover&#13;\nthe Pareto front. The algorithm searches for&#13;\nthe Pareto front by computing the Pareto&#13;\ndominance between all solutions. We test our&#13;\napproach in two problem domains. First we&#13;\nconsider discrete multi-objective optimiza-&#13;\ntion problems and give two instantiations of&#13;\nMIDEA: one building a mixture of discrete&#13;\nunivariate factorizations, the other a mixture&#13;\nof tree factorizations. Secondly, we look at&#13;\ncontinuous real valued multi-objective opti-&#13;\nmization problems and again consider two&#13;\ninstantiations of MIDEA: a mixture of con-&#13;\ntinuous univariate factorizations, and a mix-&#13;\nture of conditional Gaussian factorizations as&#13;\nprobabilistic model.
Learning large-scale plantation mapping from imperfect annotators (2016)

Plantation mapping is important for understanding deforestation and climate change. Most existing plantation products rely heavily on visual interpretation of satellite imagery, which results in both false positives and false negatives. In this paper we aim to design an automatic framework that map plantations in large regions. Conventional classification methods cannot be directly applied due to the lack of ground-truth data. To this end, we propose a novel method that learns from multiple imperfect annotators. Since each annotator's labeling accuracy varies across different land covers due to his expertise and reference imagery, we model the annotator's reliability level to be associated with different types of locations. On the other hand, the temporal variation of land covers also greatly impacts the performance of conventional learning model. Therefore we utilize the remote sensing data which are available at multiple periods of a year and extend our proposed method by incorporating multi-instance learning. Finally, we show the superiority of the proposed method over multiple baselines in both synthetic dataset and real-world dataset. In addition, through several case studies we demonstrate that our method can achieve a better balance of precision and recall than the existing plantation products.
Correlation of ventricular mechanosensory neurite activity with myocardial sensory field deformation (1999)

The mechanosensory activity generated by ventricular epicardial sensory neurites associated with afferent axons in thoracic sympathetic nerves was correlated with sensory field deformation (long axis, short axis, and transmural dimension changes), regional intramyocardial pressure, and ventricular chamber pressure in anesthetized dogs. Ventricular mechanosensory neurites generated activity that correlated best with strain developed along either the long or short axis of their epicardial sensory fields in most instances. Activity did not correlate normally to local wall thickness or to regional wall or chamber pressure development in most cases. During premature ventricular contractions, the activity generated by these sensory neurites correlated best with maximum strain developed along at least one sensory field epicardial vector. Identified sensory neurites were also activated by local application of the chemical bradykinin (10 microM) or by local ischemia. These data indicate that the activity generated by most ischemia-sensitive ventricular epicardial sensory neurites associated with afferent axons in sympathetic nerves is dependent on not only their local chemical milieu but on local mechanical deformation along at least one epicardial vector of their sensory fields.
Effects of Poloxamer 188 on Phospholipid Monolayer Morphology: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study (2009)

P188, a triblock copolymer of the form poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) is known as an effective membrane sealant. Using a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine monolayer at the air-water interface to mimic the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, we have examined the interaction between P188 and a phospholipid film. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the morphological changes in the lipid monolayer induced by P188 insertion upon transferring the lipid/polymer film from the air-water interface onto a solid substrate. Our AFM results confirm that lipid packing regulates poloxamer insertion such that P188 only changes the morphology of a lipid monolayer when the lipid packing density is below that of the insertion threshold. By combining phase imaging and different driving forces in tapping mode AFM, our results further help reveal the distribution of poloxamers in the lipid monolayer with nanometer resolution.
Pathological Tau Strains from Human Brains Recapitulate the Diversity of Tauopathies in Nontransgenic Mouse Brain (2017)

Pathological tau aggregates occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative tauopathies. It is not clearly understood why tauopathies vary greatly in the neuroanatomical and histopathological patterns of tau aggregation, which contribute to clinical heterogeneity in these disorders. Recent studies have shown that tau aggregates may form distinct structural conformations, known as tau strains. Here, we developed a novel model to test the hypothesis that cell-to-cell transmission of different tau strains occurs in nontransgenic (non-Tg) mice, and to investigate whether there are strain-specific differences in the pattern of tau transmission. By injecting pathological tau extracted from postmortem brains of AD (AD-tau), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP-tau), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD-tau) patients into different brain regions of female non-Tg mice, we demonstrated the induction and propagation of endogenous mouse tau aggregates. Specifically, we identified differences in tau strain potency between AD-tau, CBD-tau, and PSP-tau in non-Tg mice. Moreover, differences in cell-type specificity of tau aggregate transmission were observed between tau strains such that only PSP-tau and CBD-tau strains induce astroglial and oligodendroglial tau inclusions, recapitulating the diversity of neuropathology in human tauopathies. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the neuronal connectome, but not the tau strain, determines which brain regions develop tau pathology. Finally, CBD-tau- and PSP-tau-injected mice showed spatiotemporal transmission of glial tau pathology, suggesting glial tau transmission contributes to the progression of tauopathies. Together, our data suggest that different tau strains determine seeding potency and cell-type specificity of tau aggregation that underlie the diversity of human tauopathies.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Tauopathies show great clinical and neuropathological heterogeneity, despite the fact that tau aggregates in each disease. This heterogeneity could be due to tau aggregates forming distinct structural conformations, or strains. We now report the development of a sporadic tauopathy model to study human tau strains by intracerebrally injecting nontransgenic mice with pathological tau enriched from human tauopathy brains. We show human tau strains seed different types and cellular distributions of tau neuropathology in our model that recapitulate the heterogeneity seen in these human diseases.
Supercritical fluid extraction of australian‐grown ginger (Zingiber officinale) (1994)

Abstract The volatile compounds responsible for the flavour of Australian‐grown ginger have been extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide. Fluid densities above 0.8 g ml −1 result in the co‐extraction of significant amounts of triglyceride material. Analysis of the extract by GC‐MS indicates that the major components are neral and geranial, zingiberene, α‐bisabolene and β‐sesquiphellandrene which together account for 73% of the extract. The low concentration of gingerol degradation products attests to the mild nature of the extraction procedure.
Using hydrogel polymers for drug delivery. (1996)

The leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world is cardiovascular disease. The development of surgical procedures such as coronary stenting has benefited those patients with coronary artery disease. However, coronary stenting carries associated risks of thrombosis. The article evaluates a nonthrombogenic phosphorylcholine coating that could also incorporate and deliver drugs to the local area, thereby reducing the toxic side effects associated with systemic delivery.
ASA: An Adaptive Space Allocation Algorithm for Cache Management in Multi-Level Cache Hierarchy (2006)

Multi-level cache hierarchies are widely used in high-performance storage systems to improve I/O performance. However, traditional cache management algorithms are not suited well for such cache organizations. Recently proposed exclusive caching works well with single or multiple-client, low-correlated workloads, but suffers serious performance degradation with multiple-client, high-correlated workloads. In this paper, we propose a new cache space management algorithm, Adaptive Space Allocation (ASA)7 which implements both exclusive and inclusive caching and manages storage caches by providing optimal inclusive cache space adaptively according to the characteristic of input workloads. Ours results show that ASA increases the cumulative cache hit ratios dramatically for both high and low-correlated workloads.
Immunophenotypic analysis of the T cell receptor V? repertoire in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from normal peripheral blood (1996)

The antigenic specificity of the majority of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood is determined by the combination of alpha and beta variable region chains present in the T cell receptor complex. Currently, the V beta chains are grouped into 25 families. Historically, determination of V beta usage has relied on detection of gene rearrangement on the nucleic acid level; however, with the increased availability of monoclonal antibodies to the product of these genomic rearrangements, immunophenotypic methods are rapidly becoming a reliable alternative method for studying the usage of V beta regions by T cells and T cell subsets. In the present study, multiparametric flow cytometry was used to determine the use of 10 V beta chains on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of 28 normal donors. By obtaining absolute lymphocyte counts at the time blood was drawn, the absolute number of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells using particular V beta regions could be determined. Additionally, the intradonor consistency of V beta usage was examined by obtaining blood from 5 of the volunteers at an interval of approximately 1 year. The results of this study suggest a fairly homogeneous pattern of use for these V beta regions. The most striking longitudinal differences were observed in one individual who underwent a tonsillectomy midway between the T cell receptor V beta determinations.
The clinical feature and treatment of male breast cancer (2009)

Objective To discuss pathogenic and the diagnosis,treatment principle in male patients with breast cancer.Methods Thirty-six male breast cancer patients from 1992 to 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.Results 36 male patients with breast cancer were treated by surgery.15 patients were simplex carcinoma,7 patients were adenocarcinoma,8 patients were infiltrating ductal carcinoma,5 patients were medullary carcinoma,and two patients were mucinous carcinoma,the last one is scirrhus.Conclusion The treatment efficiency of male breast cancer has closed relative with the time of diagnosis.The better method of surgery include extensive radical mastectomy and mdified radicalmastectomy appropriate chemotherapy,endocrinotherapy,immunotherapy and radiotherapy.
Significance of Ubiquitin Carboxy-Terminal Hydrolase L1 Elevations in Athletes after Sub-Concussive Head Hits (2014)

The impact of sub-concussive head hits (sub-CHIs) has been recently investigated in American football players, a population at risk for varying degrees of post-traumatic sequelae. Results show how sub-CHIs in athletes translate in serum as the appearance of reporters of blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD), how the number and severity of sub-CHIs correlate with elevations of putative markers of brain injury is unknown. Serum brain injury markers such as UCH-L1 depend on BBBD. We investigated the effects of sub-CHIs in collegiate football players on markers of BBBD, markers of cerebrospinal fluid leakage (serum beta 2-transferrin) and markers of brain damage. Emergency room patients admitted for a clinically-diagnosed mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) were used as positive controls. Healthy volunteers were used as negative controls. Specifically this study was designed to determine the use of UCH-L1 as an aid in the diagnosis of sub-concussive head injury in athletes. The extent and intensity of head impacts and serum values of S100B, UCH-L1, and beta-2 transferrin were measured pre- and post-game from 15 college football players who did not experience a concussion after a game. S100B was elevated in players experiencing the most sub-CHIs; UCH-L1 levels were also elevated but did not correlate with S100B or sub-CHIs. Beta-2 transferrin levels remained unchanged. No correlation between UCH-L1 levels and mTBI were measured in patients. Low levels of S100B were able to rule out mTBI and high S100B levels correlated with TBI severity. UCH-L1 did not display any interpretable change in football players or in individuals with mild TBI. The significance of UCH-L1 changes in sub-concussions or mTBI needs to be further elucidated.