gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Down‐regulation of the claudin‐18 gene, identified through serial analysis of gene expression data analysis, in gastric cancer with an intestinal phenotype (2006)

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Genes whose expression is down-regulated in GC may be tumour suppressor genes. In the present study, genes with decreased expression in GC were screened for by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) data analysis and reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and CLDN18 (encoding claudin-18) was identified. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that expression of CLDN18 was down-regulated in 13 (56.5%) of 23 GCs. Immunostaining showed that normal gastric mucosa and Paneth cells of the duodenum expressed claudin-18 on cell membranes. Expression of claudin-18 was reduced in several intestinal metaplasias of the stomach. Of 20 samples of gastric adenoma, 18 (90.0%) showed decreased claudin-18 expression. Down-regulation of claudin-18 was observed in 84 of 146 GCs (57.5%) and correlated with poor survival in 65 advanced GCs (p = 0.0346). In addition, expression of the gastric and intestinal phenotypes of GC was examined by immunostaining for MUC5AC, MUC6, MUC2, and CD10. Of 38 GCs showing only the intestinal phenotype, down-regulation of claudin-18 was observed in 28 (73.7%), whereas in the remaining 108 GC cases, down-regulation of claudin-18 was observed in 56 (51.9%) (p = 0.0224). These results indicate that claudin-18 is a good marker of poor survival in GC. Down-regulation of claudin-18 may be involved in GCs with an intestinal phenotype, and may be an early event in gastric carcinogenesis.
Further studies on the properties and assay of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase of rat liver (1953)

Research Article| October 01 1953 Further studies on the properties and assay of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase of rat liver Gertrude E. Glock; Gertrude E. Glock 1Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, W. 1 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Patricia McLean Patricia McLean 1Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, W. 1 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1953) 55 (3): 400–408. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0550400 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Gertrude E. Glock, Patricia McLean; Further studies on the properties and assay of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase of rat liver. Biochem J 1 October 1953; 55 (3): 400–408. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0550400 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search © 1953 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1953 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Relative antithrombotic effects of monoclonal antibodies targeting different platelet glycoprotein-adhesive molecule interactions in nonhuman primates (1994)

The relative antithrombotic effectiveness of targeting glycoprotein (GP) Ib-dependent versus GPIIb-IIIa-dependent platelet interactions has been determined in baboons by measuring thrombus formation after infusing comparable antihemostatic doses of anti-von Willebrand factor (vWF) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) BB3-BD5, anti-GPIb MoAb AP1, and anti-GPIIb-IIIa MoAb LJ-CP8 under conditions of arterial and venous flow (shear rates of 750 to 1,000 seconds-1 and 100 seconds-1, respectively). Thrombus formation was quantified as 111In-platelet deposition and 125I-fibrin accumulation on segments of collagen-coated tubing interposed in chronic exteriorized arteriovenous (AV) shunts for 40 minutes. In vitro, anti-vWF MoAb BB3 BD5 (IgG) and anti-GPIb MoAb AP1 [IgG or F(ab)2 fragments] inhibited ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (IC50 50 nmol/L and 1 mumol/L, respectively), but neither of these MoAbs blocked platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (P > .5). Conversely, anti-GPIIb-IIIa MoAb LJ-CP8 inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP (IC50 1 mumol/L, but failed to block ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (P > .5). In vivo, the intravenous infusion of anti-vWF MoAb BB3 BD5 or anti-GPIIb-IIIa MoAb LJ-CP8 into baboons at doses that abolished corresponding agonist-induced aggregation ex vivo (bolus injections of 0.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively) prolonged template bleeding times from baseline values of 4.0 +/- 0.3 minutes to > 27 +/- 4 minutes, and to > 26 +/- 4 minutes, respectively (P < .001 in both cases), without affecting the peripheral platelet count (P > .5). However, injection of anti-GPIb MoAb AP1 [10 mg/kg as IgG or 1 mg/kg as F(ab)2 fragments] produced immediate irreversible thrombocytopenia (< 40,000 platelets/microL). Anti-GPIIb-IIIa MoAb LJ-CP8 abolished platelet deposition and fibrin accumulation on collagen segments under both arterial and venous flow conditions (P < .01 in all cases), whereas MoAb BB3 BD5 produced minimal inhibition of platelet deposition and no decrease in fibrin accumulation at arterial shear rates and undetectable antithrombotic outcomes at low shear. Thus, inhibiting GPIIb-IIIa-dependent platelet recruitment abrogates both thrombus formation and platelet hemostatic function at both venous and arterial shear rates. By contrast, interfering with GPIb-vWF-dependent platelet interactions abolishes platelet hemostatic function without producing corresponding antithrombotic effects.
Standardization of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Protocols for the Subtyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella , and Shigella for PulseNet (2006)

Standardized rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) protocols for the subtyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella serotypes, and Shigella species are described. These protocols are used by laboratories in PulseNet, a network of state and local health departments, and other public health laboratories that perform real-time PFGE subtyping of these bacterial foodborne pathogens for surveillance and outbreak investigations. Development and standardization of these protocols consisted of a thorough optimization of reagents and reaction conditions to ensure that the protocols yielded consistent results and high-quality PFGE pattern data in all the PulseNet participating laboratories. These rapid PFGE protocols are based on the original 3-4-day standardized procedure developed at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that was validated in 1996 and 1997 by eight independent laboratories. By using these rapid standardized PFGE protocols, PulseNet laboratories are able to subtype foodborne pathogens in approximately 24 h, allowing for the early detection of foodborne disease case clusters and often aiding in the identification of the source responsible for the infections.
Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells From Adult Human Fibroblasts by Defined Factors (2008)

If it were possible to reprogram differentiated human somatic cells into a pluripotent state, patient-specific and disease-specific stem cells could be developed. Previous work generated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells capable of germline transmission from murine somatic cells by transducing 4 transcription factors: Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. The investigators now report generating iPS cells from adult human dermal fibroblasts using the same 4 factors. The first step was to optimize retroviral transduction in human fibroblasts as well as conditions of culture. Amphotrophic retrovirus was utilized. Colonies resembling human embryonic stem (hES) cell colonies were observed about 25 days after sampling cells from the facial dermis of a 36-year-old Caucasian female. In general, the human iPS cells expressed hES cell-specific surface antigens rather than stage-specific embryonic antigen. The cells expressed many undifferentiated ES cell-marker genes and they exhibited high telomerase activity. The cells proliferated exponentially for at least 4 months. It proved possible for iPS cells to differentiate into 3 germ layers in vitro. The cells resembled hES cells with regard to morphology, proliferation, gene expression, and epigenetic status of pluripotent cell-specific genes. Among the cell types formed from directed differentiation of human iPS cells were dopaminergic neurons and cardiac myocytes. Injection of human iPS cells subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice was followed after 9 weeks by teratomas containing gut-like epithelial tissues, striated muscle, cartilage, neural tissues, and keratin-containing epidermal tissues. The human iPS clones were not a result of cross-contamination. Although human iPS cells are not identical to hES cells, they should find applications in regenerative medicine once safety issues are overcome.
Sequence-specific DNA purification by triplex affinity capture. (1992)

A DNA isolation procedure was developed by using triple-helix formation and magnetic separation. In this procedure, target DNA is captured by a biotinylated oligonucleotide via intermolecular triplex formation, bound to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads, and recovered in double-stranded form by elution with a mild alkaline buffer that destabilizes the triple helix. The effectiveness of the procedure was demonstrated by a model experiment with an artificially reconstructed library and, also, by the isolation of (dT-dC)n.(dG-dA)n dinucleotide repeats from a human genomic library. This procedure provides a prototype for other triplex-mediated DNA isolation technologies.
A GMCSF-neuroantigen fusion protein is a potent tolerogen in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) that is associated with efficient targeting of neuroantigen to APC (2009)

Cytokine-NAg fusion proteins represent an emerging platform for specific targeting of self-antigen to particular APC subsets as a means to achieve antigen-specific immunological tolerance. This study focused on cytokine-NAg fusion proteins that targeted NAg to myeloid APC. Fusion proteins contained GM-CSF or the soluble extracellular domain of M-CSF as the N-terminal domain and the encephalitogenic 69-87 peptide of MBP as the C-terminal domain. GMCSF-NAg and MCSF-NAg fusion proteins were approximately 1000-fold and 32-fold more potent than NAg in stimulating antigenic proliferation of MBP-specific T cells, respectively. The potentiated antigenic responses required cytokine-NAg covalent linkage and receptor-mediated uptake. That is, the respective cytokines did not potentiate antigenic responses when cytokine and NAg were added as separate molecules, and the potentiated responses were inhibited specifically by the respective free cytokine. Cytokine-dependent targeting of NAg was specific for particular subsets of APC. GMCSF-NAg and MCSF-NAg targeted NAg to DC and macrophages; conversely, IL4-NAg and IL2-NAg fusion proteins, respectively, induced an 1000-fold enhancement in NAg reactivity in the presence of B cell and T cell APC. GMCSF-NAg significantly attenuated severity of EAE when treatment was completed before encephalitogenic challenge or alternatively, when treatment was initiated after onset of EAE. MCSF-NAg also had significant tolerogenic activity, but GMCSF-NAg was substantially more efficacious as a tolerogen. Covalent GMCSF-NAg linkage was required for prevention and treatment of EAE. In conclusion, GMCSF-NAg was highly effective for targeting NAg to myeloid APC and was a potent, antigen-specific tolerogen in EAE.
Reduction in the level of Gal(alpha1,3)Gal in transgenic mice and pigs by the expression of an alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase. (1996)

Hyperacute rejection of a porcine organ by higher primates is initiated by the binding of xenoreactive natural antibodies of the recipient to blood vessels in the graft leading to complement activation. The majority of these antibodies recognize the carbohydrate structure Gal(alphal,3)Gal (gal epitope) present on cells of pigs. It is possible that the removal or lowering of the number of gal epitopes on the graft endothelium could prevent hyperacute rejection. The Gal(alpha1,3) Gal structure is formed by the enzyme Galbeta1,4GlcNAc3-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase [alpha(1,3)GT; EC 2.4.1.51], which transfers a galactose molecule to terminal N-acetyllactosamine (N-lac) present on various glycoproteins and glycolipids. The N-lac structure might be utilized as an acceptor by other glycosyltransferases such as Galbeta1,4GlcNAc 6-alpha-D-sialyltransferase [alpha(2,6)ST], Galbeta1,4GlcNAc 3-alpha-D-Sialyltransferase [alpha(2,3)ST], or Galbeta 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase [alpha(1,2)FT; EC 2.4.1.691, etc. In this report we describe the competition between alpha(1,2)FT and alpha(1,3)GT in cells in culture and the generation of transgenic mice and transgenic pigs that express alpha(1,2)Fr leading to synthesis of Fucalpha,2Galbeta- (H antigen) and a concomitant decrease in the level of Gal(alpha1,3)Gal. As predicted, this resulted in reduced binding of xenoreactive natural antibodies to endothelial cells of transgenic mice and protection from complement mediated lysis.
NMR and MRI obtained with high transition temperature dc SQUIDs (1999)

We have measured nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals from several samples at room temperature in magnetic fields ranging from about 0.05 mT to 2 mT using a spectrometer based on a high-Tc dc SQUID (high transition temperature dc Superconducting QUantum Interference Device). We are able to observe proton signals from 1 mL of mineral oil in 2 mT in a single transient. The sensitivity of this system has also allowed the detection of proton NMR at magnetic fields as low as 0.059 mT, which is comparable to the Earth’s field. Such results make possible a number of new experiments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We present a two-dimensional image of a phantom filled with mineral oil obtained in a field of 2 mT.
A Study Of The Characteristics Of An Omnidirectional Vision Sensor (1987)

An omnidirectional vision navigation system has interesting characteristics and potential applications for the guidance of a mobile system. Experimental results and the analysis on the linearity between the zenith angle and the image location of an object, on the error due to the effect of relative motion, and on the time requirement for processing an image are described in this paper. The significance of this work is to add to the knowledge of the characteristics of the omnidirectional vision navigation system designed for the guidance of a mobile robot.
Setbacks for Endostatin (2002)

Just as clinical trials of a widely heralded cancer treatment are about to be expanded, two groups report that they couldn't get it to work, indicating again how fickle and mysterious the compound remains
Low Cost and Pipe Conformable Microwave-Based Water-Cut Sensor (2016)

Efficient oil production and refining processes require the precise measurement of water content in oil. This paper presents a novel planar microwave sensor for entirely non-intrusive in situ water cut (WC) sensing over the full range of operation, i.e., 0%-100%. A planar configuration has enabled the direct implementation of WC sensor on the pipe surface using low cost method, i.e., screen printing using 3D printed mask. Modified ground plane-based T-resonator design makes this WC sensor usable for the wide range of pipe sizes present in the oil industry. The viability of this sensor has been confirmed through electromagnetic simulations as well as through a prototype characterization. Two cases of oil and water mixtures, namely, separate phases and homogeneous mix, have been studied. Measurements performed over two independently built prototypes show the root mean square variation in results of only 0.1%.
A precursor of the neck appendage protein of B. subtilis phage Φ 29 (1974)

The cleavage of precursor proteins to polypeptides &#13;\nof smaller molecular weight is a mechanism involved &#13;\nin the morphogenesis of the head and DNA encapsulat- &#13;\nion in T4 [l-4]. In this paper we present evidence &#13;\nwhich indicates the existence of a precursor in the &#13;\nsynthesis of the protein which forms the neck appen- &#13;\ndages of the Bacillus subtilis phage a29 [S] . Pulse- &#13;\nchase experiments indicate that the neck appendage &#13;\nprotein (NPl), of molecular weight 80 000, is syn- &#13;\nthesized as a precursor (P-NPI) with a molecular &#13;\nweight about 90 000, and tryptic peptide analysis &#13;\nof both proteins (P-NPl and NPI), show that they &#13;\ncontain very similar peptides. These results indicate &#13;\na precursor-product relationship of proteins P-NPl &#13;\nand NPI. Infection under nonpermissive conditions &#13;\nwith temperature-sensitive mutants in cistron B, the &#13;\ngene coding for the neck appendage protein precursor &#13;\n[6] , which have a clear plaque phenotype, gives place &#13;\nto the accumulation of protein P-NPI in higher amount &#13;\nthan that present after normal phage infection. Some &#13;\nevidence for the existence of a precursor of the @29 &#13;\nneck appendage protein has been given by Anderson &#13;\nand Reilly [7] .
PCR assay based on DNA coding for 16S rRNA for detection and identification of mycobacteria in clinical samples (1995)

A PCR and a reverse cross blot hybridization assay were developed for the detection and identification of mycobacteria in clinical samples. The PCR amplifies a part of the DNA coding for 16S rRNA with a set of primers that is specific for the genus Mycobacterium and that flanks species-specific sequences within the genes coding for 16S rRNA. The PCR product is analyzed in a reverse cross blot hybridization assay with probes specific for M. tuberculosis complex (pTub1), M. avium (pAvi3), M. intracellulare (pInt5 and pInt7), M. kansasii complex-M. scrofulaceum complex (pKan1), M. xenopi (pXen1), M. fortuitum (pFor1), M. smegmatis (pSme1), and Mycobacterium spp. (pMyc5a). The PCR assay can detect 10 fg of DNA, the equivalent of two mycobacteria. The specificities of the probes were tested with 108 mycobacterial strains (33 species) and 31 nonmycobacterial strains (of 17 genera). The probes pAvi3, pInt5, pInt7, pKan1, pXen1, and pMyc5a were specific. With probes pTub1, pFor1, and pSme1, slight cross hybridization occurred. However, the mycobacterial strains from which the cross-hybridizing PCR products were derived belonged to nonpathogenic or nonopportunistic species which do not occur in clinical samples. The test was used on 31 different clinical specimens obtained from patients suspected of having mycobacterial disease, including a patient with a double mycobacterial infection. The samples included sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, tissue biopsy samples, cerebrospinal fluid, pus, peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, and blood. The results of the PCR assay agreed with those of conventional identification methods or with clinical data, showing that the test can be used for the direct and rapid detection and identification of mycobacteria in clinical samples.
The Mechanism of GaAs Etching in CrO3 ‐  HF  Solutions: I . Experimental Results (1985)

The etching kinetics and electrochemistry of in aqueous solutions were studied. For solutions with a low ratio, etch rates in the dark depend only on the concentration and are similar for n‐type and p‐type. Illumination strongly increases the etch rate of n‐type material but has no effect on p‐type dissolution. From current and impedance measurements, it was concluded that CrVI reduction gives rise to a passivating film on , which inhibits further hole injection from the oxidizing agent. The limiting quantum efficiencies for CrVI reduction at illuminated p‐type electrodes and for dissolution at n‐type electrodes are significantly greater than unity. At higher ratios the etch rate of both n‐ and p‐type is determined by CrVI diffusion in solution. Conclusions concerning the etching mechanism are drawn on the basis of these results.
White blood cell segmentation and extraction based on histogram multi-threshold and lifting wavelet (2011)

Cell image segmentation is an important study direction, and it is the base of much after disposal. In order to solve problems of the traditional method for cell segmentation, the lift item of lifting wavelet can be seen as an adjustable parameter. By training, the lift item would own the character of target. Then we can make use of the lifted filter to remove noise and make double-threshold segmentation on the reconstructed picture. The target would be extracted. The experiment results show that the lifting wavelet algorithm can detect the objection well and it provides a speed realization compared with the traditional template matching method.
Experimental evaluation and comparative analysis of commercial variable-capacitance MEMS accelerometers (2003)

This paper reports the experimental analysis of commercially available variable-capacitance MEMS accelerometers, characterized under standardized tests. Capacitive MEMS sensors of the same low-level input acceleration range with various mechanical sensing element designs, materials, fabrication technologies and price ranges were selected for evaluation. The selected sensors were characterized using ANSI and NIST certified testing equipment and under the same testing conditions; and their sensitivity, resolution, linearity, frequency response, transverse sensitivity, temperature response, noise level and long-term stability were tested and compared. The experimental results are then interpreted to provide an insight to advantages and disadvantages for using a particular mechanical design, fabrication technology, sensor material and the techniques for electronics integration and packaging of each specific sensor design.
Analysis of asymmetric TEM cell and its optimum design of electric field distribution (1989)

By using the Green&apos;s function/variational formulation with a new form of charge distribution, expressions for the characteristic impedance and electric (E-) field are obtained for an asymmetric TEM cell. The main details of a series of computer programs to implement an optimum design of the E-field distribution are presented in this paper.
Protein–protein interactions monitored in mammalian cells via complementation of β-lactamase enzyme fragments (2002)

We have defined inactive alpha and omega fragments of beta-lactamase that can complement to form a functional enzyme in both bacteria and mammalian cells, serving as a readout for the interaction of proteins fused to the fragments. Critical to this advance was the identification of a tripeptide, Asn-Gly-Arg, which when juxtaposed at the carboxyl terminus of the alpha fragment increased complemented enzyme activity by up to 4 orders of magnitude. beta-Lactamase is well suited to monitoring constitutive and inducible protein interactions because it is small (29 kDa), monomeric, and assayable with a fluorescent cell-permeable substrate. The negligible background, the magnitude of induced signal caused by enzymatic amplification, and detection of signal within minutes are unparalleled in mammalian protein interaction detection systems published to date.
The Third Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. (1995)

Intensification of therapy for most patients in IRS-III, using a risk-based study design, significantly improved treatment outcome overall. The largest gain from this strategy was realized in patients with gross residual tumor after biopsy (clinical group III). It was also possible to decrease therapy for selected patient subsets without compromising survival.