gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The cognitive impact of antiepileptic drugs (2011)

Effective treatment of epilepsy depends on medication compliance across a lifetime, and studies indicate that drug tolerability is a significant limiting factor in medication maintenance. Available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have the potential to exert detrimental effects on cognitive function and therefore compromise patient wellbeing. On the other hand, some agents may serve to enhance cognitive function. In this review paper, we highlight the range of effects on cognition linked to a variety of newer and older AEDs, encompassing key alterations in both specific executive abilities and broader neuropsychological functions. Importantly, the data reviewed suggest that the effects exerted by an AED could vary depending on both patient characteristics and drug-related variables. However, there are considerable difficulties in evaluating the available evidence. Many studies have failed to investigate the influence of patient and treatment variables on cognitive functioning. Other difficulties include variation across studies in relation to design, treatment group and assessment tools, poor reporting of methodology and poor specification of the cognitive abilities assessed. Focused and rigorous experimental designs including a range of cognitive measures assessing more precisely defined abilities are needed to fill the gaps in our knowledge and follow up reported patterns in the literature. Longitudinal studies are needed to improve our understanding of the influence of factors such as age, tolerance and the stability of cognitive effects. Future trials comparing the effects of commonly prescribed agents across patient subgroups will offer critical insight into the role of patient characteristics in determining the cognitive impact of particular AEDs.
Extending Hardware Transactional Memory to Support Non-busy Waiting and Non-transactional Actions (2006)

Transactional Memory (TM) is a compel ling alternative to locks as a general-purpose concurrency control mechanism, but it is yet unclear whether TM should be implemented as a software or hardware construct. While hardware approaches offer higher performance and can be used in conjunction with legacy languages/code, software approaches are more flexible and currently offer more functionality. In this paper, we try to bridge, in part, the functionality gap between software and hardware TMs by demonstrating how two software TM ideas can be adapted to work in a hardware TM system. Specifically, we demonstrate: 1) a process to efficiently support transaction waiting — both intentional waiting and waiting for a conflicting transaction to complete — by de-scheduling the transacting thread, and 2) the concept of pausing and an implementation of compensation to allow non-idempotent system calls, I/O, and access to high contention data within a long-running transaction. Both mechanisms can be implemented with minimal extensions to an existing hardware TM proposal.
Hematopoietic Factor Erythropoietin Fosters Neuroprotection through Novel Signal Transduction Cascades (2002)

In addition to promoting the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of immature erythroid cells, erythropoietin and the erythropoietin receptor have recently been shown to modulate cellular signal transduction pathways that extend beyond the erythropoietic function of erythropoietin. In particular, erythropoietin has been linked to the prevention of programmed cell death in neuronal systems. Although this work is intriguing, the underlying molecular mechanisms that serve to mediate neuroprotection by erythropoietin are not well understood. Further analysis illustrates that erythropoietin modulates two distinct components of programmed cell death that involve the degradation of DNA and the externalization of cellular membrane phosphatidylserine residues. Initiation of the cascades that modulate protection by erythropoietin and its receptor may begin with the activation of the Janus tyrosine kinase 2 protein. Subsequent downstream mechanisms appear to lead to the activation of multiple signal transduction pathways that include transcription factor STAT5 (signal transducers and activators of transcription), Bcl-2, protein kinase B, cysteine proteases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, protein-tyrosine phosphatases, and nuclear factor-kappaB. New knowledge of the cellular pathways regulated by erythropoietin in neuronal environments will potentially solidify the development and initiation of therapeutic strategies against nervous system disorders.
Induction of HIF-1alpha in response to hypoxia is instantaneous. (2001)

SPECIFIC AIMSDespite the pivotal role the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) plays in physiological and pathological processes, little is known regarding the time frame and mechanisms involved in...
A putative cyclic peptide efflux pump encoded by the TOXA gene of the plant-pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus carbonum (1996)

Race 1 isolates of Cochliobolus carbonum are pathogenic on certain maize lines due to production of a host-selective cyclic tetrapeptide, HC-toxin. Flanking HTS1, which encodes the central enzyme in HC-toxin biosynthesis, a gene was identified and named TOXA. Like HTS1, TOXA occurred only in isolates of the fungus that make HC-toxin and was present as two linked copies in most toxin-producing isolates. HTS1 and TOXA were transcribed in the opposite orientation and their transcriptional start sites were 386 bp apart. The predicted product of TOXA was a 58 kDa hydrophobic protein with 10-13 membrane-spanning regions. The sequence was highly similar to several members of the major facilitator superfamily that confer resistance to tetracycline, methylenomycin, and other antibiotics. Although it was possible to mutate one copy or the other of TOXA by targeted gene disruption, numerous attempts to disrupt both copies in a single strain were unsuccessful, suggesting that TOXA is an essential gene in strains that synthesize HC-toxin. On the basis of its presence only in HC-toxin-producing strains, its proximity to HTS1 and its predicted amino acid sequence, we propose that TOXA encodes an HC-toxin efflux pump which contributes to self-protection against HC-toxin and/or the secretion of HC-toxin into the extracellular milieu.
Cerebral Blood Flow during Vagus Nerve Stimulation – a Transcranial Doppler Study (2005)

Acute VNS does not have an influence on CBF velocity in depressive patients.
Vertical borehole design and completion practices used to remove methane gas from mineable coalbeds (1980)

Coalbed gas drainage from the surface in advance of mining has long been the goal of researchers in mine safety. Bureau of Mines efforts to achieve this goal started about 1965 with the initiation of an applied research program designed to test drilling, completion, and production techniques for vertical boreholes. Under this program, over 100 boreholes were completed in 16 different coalbeds. The field methods derived from these tests, together with a basic understanding of the coalbed reservoir, represent an available technology applicable to any gas drainage program whether designed primarily for mine safety or for gas recovery, or both.
Using Optical Flow For Filling The Gaps In Visual-Inertial Tracking (2010)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Aalborg, Denmark, 2010
Excimer-Laser Removal of SiO2 Patterns from GaAs Substrates (1994)

SiO 2 patterns on GaAs substrates can be completely removed by KrF excimer-laser irradiation in air. The substrate surface is found to be dean, without residual SiO 2 patterns or other contaminants. Free-standing SiO 2 microstripes can be formed by this method. This technique provides an efficient dry process to remove SiO 2 patterns on GaAs substrates, instead of the wet etching process. The mechanisms to peel off the SiO 2 patterns from the GaAs substrate are considered to involve direct momentum transfer, photodecomposition of the interface substance, and thermal expansion of the substrate.
Do existing measures of Poincare plot geometry reflect nonlinear features of heart rate variability? (2001)

Heart rate variability (HRV) is concerned with the analysis of the intervals between heartbeats. An emerging analysis technique is the Poincaré plot, which takes a sequence of intervals and plots each interval against the following interval. The geometry of this plot has been shown to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy subjects in clinical settings. The Poincaré plot is a valuable HRV analysis technique due to its ability to display nonlinear aspects of the interval sequence. The problem is, how do we quantitatively characterize the plot to capture useful summary descriptors that are independent of existing HRV measures? Researchers have investigated a number of techniques: converting the two-dimensional plot into various one-dimensional views; the fitting of an ellipse to the plot shape; and measuring the correlation coefficient of the plot. We investigate each of these methods in detail and show that they are all measuring linear aspects of the intervals which existing HRV indexes already specify. The fact that these methods appear insensitive to the nonlinear characteristics of the intervals is an important finding because the Poincaré plot is primarily a nonlinear technique. Therefore, further work is needed to determine if better methods of characterizing Poincaré plot geometry can be found.
Regulation of Virus Release by the Macrophage-Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 AD8 Isolate Is Redundant and Can Be Controlled by either Vpu or Env (1999)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpu and Env proteins are expressed from a bicistronic mRNA. To address the biological significance of the coordinated expression of vpu and env, we compared the relative effects on particle release of HIV-1 isolates containing an intact vpu gene or carrying point mutations in its initiation codon or internal deletions, respectively. We found that the primary AD8 isolate, which is unable to express vpu due to a mutation in its translation initiation codon, was able to replicate in primary macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells with efficiency similar to that of an isogenic variant expressing Vpu. Interestingly, AD8 lacking a vpu initiation codon produced higher levels of Env protein than its Vpu-expressing isogenic variant. In contrast, disabling Vpu without removing the vpu initiation codon did not alter Env expression but significantly reduced virus production. AD8 Env when provided in trans was capable of enhancing release not only of AD8 particles but also of viruses of the T-cell-tropic NL4-3 isolate. We conclude that AD8 Env encodes a Vpu-like activity similar to that previously reported for HIV-2 Env proteins and is thus able to augment virus secretion. When expressed at elevated levels, i.e., following mutation of the vpu initiation codon, AD8 Env was able to compensate for the lack of Vpu and thereby ensure efficient virus release. Thus, the ability to regulate virus release is redundant in AD8 and can be controlled by either Vpu or Env. Since Vpu controls several independent functions, including CD4 degradation, our results suggest that some HIV-1 isolates may have evolved a mechanism to regulate Vpu activity without compromising their ability to efficiently replicate in the host cells.
INTRAVESICAL CAPSAICIN AND RESINIFERATOXIN THERAPY: SPICING UP THE WAYS TO TREAT THE OVERACTIVE BLADDER (1999)

Intravesical capsaicin and resiniferatoxin are novel and promising treatments for the overactive bladder, with profound basic and clinical implications.
Adapting cDNA Microarray Format to Cytokine Detection Protein Arrays (2002)

A cytokine detection protein array was developed that combines the advantages of the cDNA microarray technology and sandwich fluoroimmunoassay. The protein array was printed by robotically spotting five human cytokine and growth factor capture antibodies onto planar substrates. The printed arrays were incubated with cytokine samples, bound by biotin-conjugated detection antibodies, and then detected by streptavidin-conjugated Cy5. This assay protocol was prepared specifically for the special requirements of the cytokine detection, with special attention paid to identifying the substrate, array printing buffer, blocking buffer, and the fluorescent dyes that yielded the highest sensitivity and selectivity against the lowest background. The dynamic ranges of the parallel assay for IL-1β, TNF-α, VEGF, MIP-1β, and TGF-β1 were 4 orders of magnitude with a detection limit (2× background) of 10 pg/mL. The system was tested against patient sera and samples from an in vitro VEGF release study, measuring very low cytokine levels without any detectable nonspecific cross reactivity. This cytokine detection protein array can be extended to a larger menu of cytokines and growth factors for applications such as profiling the molecular signaling in wound healing.
Cloning of a Na/Pi cotransporter from opossum kidney cells. (1994)

Opossum kidney (OK) cells have been extensively used to study cellular mechanisms of renal proximal tubular Na/P(i) cotransport. We have cloned a cDNA (NaPi-4) most likely encoding an apical Na/P(i) cotransporter from OK cells. The cloning strategy was based on homology to the recently cloned human renal (NaPi-3) Na/P(i) cotransporter (Magagnin, S., Werner, A., Markovich, D., Sorribas, V., Stange, G., Biber, J., and Murer, H. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90, 5979-5983). Kinetic characterization (P(i) interaction, sodium interaction, and pH dependence) of NaPi-4-induced Na/P(i) uptake showed high similarity to apical Pi transport in OK cell monolayers. The NaPi-4 cDNA is 2548 base pairs long and encodes a protein of 70.5 kDa, containing at least 8 predicted transmembrane domains. Northern blot analysis with OK cell mRNA shows a NaPi-4-related signal (2.5 kilobases) in cells grown on impermeant and permeant supports. Hybrid depletion with NaPi-4 antisense oligonucleotides abolished the mRNA-induced Na/P(i) cotransport in oocytes. Similarly, NaPi-4 antisense oligonucleotides inhibited (up to 70%) Na/P(i) cotransport in OK cell monolayers. We presume that NaPi-4 is closely related to the OK cell apical Na/P(i) cotransporter.
Oligo(A) sequences of human respiratory syncytial virus G protein gene: assessment of their genetic stability in frameshift mutants (1994)

We have described previously antibody-resistant mutants of the human respiratory syncytial virus Long strain that contained frameshift changes generated by deletions or insertions of a single adenosine in oligo(A) tracts (mRNA sense) of the G protein gene. Since these mutations introduced drastic structural and antigenic changes in the G protein C-terminal third, we decided to test the mutant stability by passaging the viruses in either the presence or the absence of selective antibody. Two such mutants (R63/1/2/3 and R63/2/4/8), with a single reading frame shift, reverted after a few passages in the absence of antibody to the wild-type genotype, by insertion of an A at the same homopolymeric tract as in the original deletion. In contrast, a double frameshift mutant (R63/2/4/1), generated by deletion of an A after nucleotide 623 and insertion of another A seven triplets later, was stably maintained after passage in either the absence or the presence of antibody. The stability of this mutant was manifested in its capacity to gradually displace the Long strain from mixed infections and by the fact that mutant R63/2/4/8 acquired the genotype of R63/2/4/1 after several passages in the presence of antibody. These results were indicative of genetic instability in the oligo(A) tract length of certain G protein mutants, which resulted in frameshift changes. The frequency of such errors among the viral RNA population obtained from a single infectious cycle was estimated to be lower than 1%. The relevance of these results for respiratory syncytial virus evolution is discussed.
Highly compliant transparent electrodes (2012)

Adaptive optical devices based on electric field induced deformation of dielectric elastomers require transparent and highly compliant electrodes to conform to large shape changes. Electrical, optical, and actuation properties of acrylic elastomer electrodes fabricated with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been evaluated. Based on these properties, a figure of merit is introduced for evaluating the overall performance of deformable transparent electrodes. This clearly indicates that SWCNTs outperform AgNWs. Under optimal conditions, optical transparency as high as 91% at 190% maximum actuation strain is readily achievable using SWCNT electrodes.
MAP kinase phosphatase 1: a novel mediator of biological effects of glucocorticoids? (2003)

Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) potently inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, some patients are resistant to the therapeutic effects of GCs, and many suffer deleterious side effects from these drugs. Furthermore, the precise mechanisms by which GCs inhibit pro-inflammatory gene expression remain unclear. A number of recent papers report that GCs induce the sustained expression of MAP kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 1 (MKP-1), a negative regulator of MAPK signal transduction pathways. The potential relevance of MKP-1 to some of the biological effects of GCs is discussed.
Inhibition of arachidonic acid release from cells as the biochemical action of anti-inflammatory corticosteroids. (1976)

Serum stimulates the production of prostaglandins by transformed mouse fibroblasts. Hydrocortisone (cortisol) inhibits this stimulation. The half-maximal inhibition occurs at 6x10-9 M. Studies with cells labeled with [3H]arachidonic acid in their lipids show that the stimulation by serum results in the release of arachidonic acid from the cellular lipids, mostly phospholipids. Hydrocrotisone inhibits this release but does not inhibit the production of prostaglandins from exogenously supplied arachidonic acid. This inhibition of arachidonic acid release from phospholipids may be the mechanism for the anti-inflammatory action of corticosteroids.
Measurement of the thermal diffusivity of human epidermis by studying thermal wave propagation (1992)

The thermal diffusivity of dry human epidermis was determined in vitro by studying thermal wave propagation in thin epidermal layers at frequencies between 10 and 200 Hz. Transmission measurements were performed on samples applied to a plane copper support at the underside of which thermal waves were generated by means of a square voltage controlled power transistor. Additionally, measurements were performed on epidermal layers with metal and air backing, in which thermal waves were generated by the absorption of intensity modulated light in a thin, superficially applied graphite layer (short and open circuit measurements). Thermal waves were detected by means of the laser beam deflection technique which allows the contactless measurement of the oscillatory surface temperature of a sample with respect to amplitude and phase. A critical discussion of methods shows that the thermal diffusivity is most reliably determined by transmission experiments. From experimental data obtained by this method a mean value alpha = (2.8 +/- 0.9) x 10(-4) cm2 s-1 was evaluated for the thermal diffusivity of dry epidermis.
Changes in the definition of ADHD in DSM-5: subtle but important (2013)

While there were earlier descriptions of children with high levels of activity and impulsivity , what is now called ADHD first appeared in the American Psychiatric Association’s DSMâÂÂII in 1968. In DSMâÂÂII, the disorder was termed hyperkinetic reaction of childhood, which as the name implies focused primarily on symptoms of excessive motor activity. With the publication of DSMâÂÂIII in 1980, the disorder was markedly reconceptualized with a focus on problems with attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity, and was renamed attention deficit disorder (with and without hyperactivity).
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Generates Proliferative Human Islet Precursor Cells (2004)

Insulin-expressing beta cells, found in pancreatic islets, are capable of generating more beta cells even in the adult. We show that fibroblast-like cells derived from adult human islets donated postmortem proliferate readily in vitro. These mesenchymal-type cells, which exhibit no hormone expression, can then be induced to differentiate into hormone-expressing islet-like cell aggregates, which reestablishes the epithelial character typical of islet cells. Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and messenger RNA measurements in single cells and cell populations establish the transition of epithelial cells within islets to mesenchymal cells in culture and then to insulin-expressing epithelial cells.
Fiber laser sensor system with interferometric readout and wavelength multiplexing (1994)

We describe a fiber Bragg grating laser sensor which utilizes a read-out interferometer for detecting weak measurand induced wavelength shifts in the lasing wavelength. The advantages of the system include simple 'in-line' sensor design, high sensitivity, and the capability to support multiple sensors from a single pump laser using wavelength division multiplexing.
Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations (1983)

Intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations took up plasmid DNA. Li+, Cs+, Rb+, K+, and Na+ were effective in inducing competence. Conditions for the transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae D13-1A with plasmid YRp7 were studied in detail with CsCl. The optimum incubation time was 1 h, and the optimum cell concentration was 5 x 10(7) cells per ml. The optimum concentration of Cs+ was 1.0 M. Transformation efficiency increased with increasing concentrations of plasmid DNA. Polyethylene glycol was absolutely required. Heat pulse and various polyamines or basic proteins stimulated the uptake of plasmid DNA. Besides circular DNA, linear plasmid DNA was also taken up by Cs+-treated yeast cells, although the uptake efficiency was considerably reduced. The transformation efficiency with Cs+ or Li+ was comparable with that of conventional protoplast methods for a plasmid containing ars1, although not for plasmids containing a 2 microns origin replication.
Integration in Interorganizational Hospice Care Systems (1987)

Hospice programs currently have a need to improve the integration of their services across organizational and professional boundaries. Coordination of decision making and client flow patterns are defined in this paper as integrative mechanism which must be employed by all hospice programs which are interorganizational in nature: that is, the program is delivered by a cluster of agencies providing care to the same population of patients. Also discussed are four system characteristics which determine the choice of these integrative mechanisms: scope of service, intensity of service, centrality of the system, and division of labor. The results of an empirical study of two different hospice service delivery systems indicate that as scope and intensity increase, the amount of integration must increase also. If it does not, the findings suggest that a “poor fit” results. It is shown that service integration fit can be measured by a discrepancy score: a high discrepancy is predictive of dissatisfaction with service effectiveness among hospice workers.