gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Postpartum Diffuse Calcification of the Myometrium (1996)

An apparently unique case of diffuse calcification of the myometrium occurring in the puerperum in a 24-year-old woman is reported. Vaginal delivery by forceps of a healthy baby was followed by septic shock and massive postpartum hemorrhage, necessitating hysterectomy 4 weeks later. Examination of the uterus revealed widespread calcification of myometrial fibres. It is speculated that this widespread phenomenon represents dystrophic calcification secondary to myometrial necrosis and is a hitherto undescribed cause or complication of massive postpartum hemorrhage.
A new method for linear camera calibration and nonlinear distortion correction (2006)

Recent progress of images taken by non-metric digital cameras encourages amateurs to utilize it for 3D measurements, but also introduces the difficulties of calibration. The ideal camera projection model is based on the pinhole linear model which proceeds on the assumption that the object point, the perspective center of the lens and the ideal image point all lie on a straight line. However, real camera lenses introduce nonlinear distortions that affect the accuracy of the transformation unless proper corrections are applied. In this paper, we present a new camera calibration method adopting a linear projection model and a nonlinear lens distortion model. Experiments are conducted on real data to compare the proposed method with the non-linear bundle adjustment and DLT (Direct Linear Translation), which shows that the accuracy obtained with the proposed method is close to the former, and much higher than the latter.
Tumour-associated mutations of PA-TM-RING ubiquitin ligases RNF167/RNF13 identify the PA domain as a determinant for endosomal localization (2014)

Diverse cellular processes depend on endocytosis, intracellular vesicle trafficking, sorting and exocytosis, and processes that are regulated post-transcriptionally by modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. The PA (protease-associated) domain E3 ligases, such as GodzillaCG10277 in Drosophila melanogaster and RNF167 (RING finger protein 167) in humans, have been implicated in the regulation of cellular endosome trafficking. In the present study, we have characterized point mutations in the RING (really interesting new gene) domain of human RNF13 and RNF167, which have been identified in human tumour samples, that abrogate ubiquitin ligase activity as well as function. In the present study, we have also identified a functional role for the PA domain, which is required for endosomal localization of these proteins. Although the PA domain point mutations of RNF13 and RNF167 identified in human tumours are ligase active, the resultant mutant proteins are mislocalized within the cell. Thus the PA domain E3 ligases examined in the present study appear to require both E3 ligase activity as well as an intact PA domain to efficiently target and ubiquitylate their cellular substrates.
Cyclin E/cdk2 and cyclin A/cdk2 kinases associate with p107 and E2F in a temporally distinct manner. (1992)

Cyclin E is classified as a putative G1 cyclin on the basis of its cyclic pattern of mRNA expression, with maximal levels being detected near the G1/S boundary. We report here that cyclin E is found associated with the transcription factor E2F in a temporally regulated fashion. E2F is known to be a critical transcription factor for the expression of some S phase-specific proteins and is thought to be important for a series of others. Antisera specific for cyclin E were raised and used to demonstrate an association between cyclin E and E2F. This cyclin E/E2F complex was seen in a variety of human cell lines from various tissues, but its appearance was detected primarily during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The cyclin E/E2F association decreased as cells entered S phase, just as the association of E2F with cyclin A became detectable. We characterized the cyclin E-E2F complex further to show that both the cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (cdk2) and p107 were present. Therefore, the p107/E2F complex is associated with two different cdk2 kinase complexes--one containing cyclin A and the other containing cyclin E--and the appearance of these complexes is temporally regulated during the cell cycle. The presence of cyclin E/E2F complexes in the G1 phase suggests a role for cyclin E in the control of genes required for the G1-to-S transition.
Identification of a new interferon-alpha-inducible gene (p27) on human chromosome 14q32 and its expression in breast carcinoma. (1993)

A new complementary DNA, p27, has been cloned and sequenced from estradiol-treated MCF7 human breast carcinoma cells. It encodes a putative highly hydrophobic protein of 122 amino acids which has a 33% overall sequence similarity to the product of the 6-16 gene (R. L. Friedman, S. P. Manly, M. McMahon, I. M. Kerr, and G. R. Stark, Cell, 38: 745-755, 1984), which is transcriptionally induced by interferons of the alpha/beta type. We demonstrate here that the p27 gene, which is located in band q32 of human chromosome 14, is also induced by interferon-alpha in human cell lines of different origin and that expression is independent of the presence of estradiol receptor in the cells. High levels of p27 RNA were found in vivo in approximately 50% of primary human breast carcinomas (21 were tested by Northern blotting). In situ hybridization to some of the p27-overexpressing tumors showed that the p27 RNA is localized in cancer cells and sometimes also in fibroblastic cells of tumor stroma. p27 RNA levels in the tumors did not correlate with the presence of estrogen receptor or with the expression of the estrogen-induced pS2 gene. Further studies are now necessary to elucidate the cause of p27 gene overexpression in breast carcinoma and in particular to determine whether it corresponds to chromosomal rearrangements in the 14q32 region and/or to induction by interferons of the alpha/beta type.
Development of later life spontaneous seizures in a rodent model of hypoxia‐induced neonatal seizures (2011)

The rodent model of hypoxia-induced neonatal seizures leads to the development of epilepsy in later life, accompanied by increased mossy fiber sprouting. In addition, this model appears to exhibit a seizure-free latent period, following which there is a progressive increase in the frequency of electroclinical seizures.
Topical Agents for Scar Management: Are They Effective? (2018)

Scar formation is the body's natural healing response to reestablish dermal integrity following an injury. Excessive scarring, however, can cause significant cosmetic, functional, and psychological problems. A wide variety of topical creams, lotions, and oils are available for scar treatment or wound healing. Sieving through the options and selecting the best option for their patients can be challenging for clinicians, especially given that clinical evidence for many of the active agents in commonly used topical treatments is lacking. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of topical treatments utilized for scar management, including their mechanism of action and evidence of efficacy. As knowledge of the wound healing process is critical to understanding the effects of topical treatments, the pathophysiology of wound healing is also reviewed. <em>J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(4):421-425.</em> .
Stopping Light All Optically (2004)

We show that light pulses can be stopped and stored coherently, with an all-optical adiabatic and reversible pulse bandwidth compression process. Such a process overcomes the fundamental bandwidth-delay constraint in optics and can generate arbitrarily small group velocities for any light pulse with a given bandwidth, without any coherent or resonant light-matter interactions. We exhibit this process in optical resonators, where the bandwidth compression is accomplished only by small refractive-index modulations performed at moderate speeds.
Valproate Induces Replication-independent Active DNA Demethylation (2003)

In this report, we demonstrate that valproic acid (VPA), a drug that has been used for decades in the treatment of epilepsy and as a mood stabilizer, triggers replication-independent active demethylation of DNA. Thus, this drug can potentially reverse DNA methylation patterns and erase stable methylation imprints on DNA in non-dividing cells. Recent discoveries support a role for VPA in the regulation of methylated genes; however, the mechanism has been unclear because it is difficult to dissociate active demethylation from the absence of DNA methylation during DNA synthesis. We therefore took advantage of an assay that measures active DNA demethylation independently from other DNA methylation and DNA replication activities in human embryonal kidney 293 cells. We show that VPA induces histone acetylation, DNA demethylation, and expression of an ectopically methylated CMV-GFP plasmid in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, valpromide, an analogue of VPA that does not induce histone acetylation, does not induce demethylation or expression of CMV-GFP. Furthermore, we illustrate that methylated DNA-binding protein 2/DNA demethylase (MBD2/dMTase) participates in this reaction since antisense knockdown of MBD2/dMTase attenuates VPA-induced demethylation. Taken together, our data support a new mechanism of action for VPA as enhancing intracellular demethylase activity through its effects on histone acetylation and raises the possibility that DNA methylation is reversible independent of DNA replication by commonly prescribed drugs.
Transformation by raf and myc oncogenes. (1986)

raf oncogenes were shown to act synergistically with myc in transformation. The contribution of myc was identified as that of a "second messenger" in signal transduction of at least some, competence inducing, growth factors. The role of raf appears to be that of a cytosolic ser/thr specific protein kinase which was placed downstream of ras in the signal transduction of serum growth factors by ras and raf antibody microinjection experiments. Because of the inability of raf to abrogate a cells need for myc inducing competence factors, as well as its synergistic effect with myc, raf was placed downstream of ras in the progression pathway of cellular growth control. We speculate that the basis for synergism with myc might be the ability of raf to activate competence factor induced myc protein or a myc induced protein by phosphorylation. The role of raf in lung tumors was examined by the development of a high incidence mouse model system using ethylnitrosourea as carcinogen and butylated hydroxytoluene as promoter. raf proteins of normal size were expressed at high levels, raf protein vaccination was apparently effective in eliminating the promoted phase of tumor induction.
Constitutive activation of tethered-peptide/ corticotropin-releasing factor receptor chimeras (2000)

Constitutive activity, or ligand-independent activity, of mutant G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been described extensively and implicated in the pathology of many diseases. Using the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor and the thrombin receptor as a model, we present a ligand-dependent constitutive activation of a GPCR. A chimera in which the N-terminal domain of the CRF receptor is replaced by the amino-terminal 16 residues of CRF displays significant levels of constitutive activation. The activity, as measured by intracellular levels of cAMP, is blocked in a dose-dependent manner by the nonpeptide antagonist antalarmin. These results support a propinquity effect in CRF receptor activation, in which the amino-terminal portion of the CRF peptide is presented to the body of the receptor in the proper proximity for activation. This form of ligand-dependent constitutive activation may be of general applicability for the creation of constitutively activated GPCRs that are regulated by peptide ligands such as CRF. These chimeras may prove useful in analyzing mechanisms of receptor regulation and in the structural analysis of ligand activated receptors.
Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors: interactions with endogenous retinoic acids. (1993)

The binding of endogenous retinoids and stereoisomers of retinoic acid (RA) to the retinoid nuclear receptors, RA receptor (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), was characterized using nucleosol preparations from transiently transfected COS-1 cells. Among several stereoisomers of RA tested, including 7-cis-, 9-cis-, 11-cis-, 13-cis-, and all-trans-RA, only 9-cis-RA effectively competes with 9-cis-[3H]RA binding to the RXRs. Additionally, the endogenous retinoid trans-didehydro-RA (t-ddRA) does not interact with RXRs, whereas the 9-cis form of ddRA competes effectively. RXRs (alpha, beta, and gamma) bind 9-cis-RA with dissociation constants (Kd) of 15.7, 18.3, and 14.1 nM, respectively. In contrast to the selectivity of RXRs for 9-cis-RA, RARs bind both t-RA and 9-cis-RA with high affinity, exhibiting Kd values in the 0.2-0.7 nM range for both ligands. Unlike RARs, the cellular RA binding proteins CRABPI or CRABPII bind t-RA but do not bind 9-cis-RA. Consistent with the binding data, 9-cis-RA and 9-cis-ddRA transcriptionally activate both GAL4-RXR and GAL4-RAR chimeric receptors with EC50 values of 3-20 nM for 9-cis-RA and 9-cis-ddRA, whereas t-RA and t-ddRA efficiently activate only GAL4-RAR chimeric receptors. Thus, 9-cis forms of endogenous retinoids can contribute to the pleiotropic effects of retinoids by interacting with both the RARs and RXRs.
Resistance gene analogues are clustered on chromosome 3 of sugar beet and cosegregate with QTL for rhizomania resistance (2007)

Worldwide, rhizomania is the most important disease of sugar beet. The only way to control this disease is to use resistant varieties. Four full-length resistance gene analogues (RGAs) from sugar beet (cZR-1, cZR-3, cZR-7, and cZR-9) were used in this study. Their predicted polypeptides carry typical nucleotide-binding sites (NBSs) and leucin-rich repeat (LRR) regions, and share high homology to various plant virus resistance genes. Their corresponding alleles were cloned and sequenced from a rhizomania resistant genotype. The 4 RGAs were mapped as molecular markers, using sequence-specific primers to determine their linkage to the rhizomania resistance locus Rz1 in a population segregating for rhizomania resistance. One cZR-3 allele, named Rz-C, together with 5 other molecular markers, mapped to the Rz1 locus on chromosome 3 and cosegregated with quantitative trait loci for rhizomania resistance. After screening a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library, 25 cZR-3-positive BACs were identified. Of these, 15 mapped within an interval of approximately 14 cM on chromosome 3, in clusters close to the Rz1 locus. Rz-C differentiates between susceptible and resistant beet varieties, and its transcripts could be detected in all rhizomania resistant varieties investigated. The potential of this RGA marker for cloning of rhizomania resistance genes is discussed.
Optically and Thermally Stimulated Luminescence Characteristics of Cu1+-Doped Fused Quartz (1999)

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry measurements using Cu+-doped fused quartz are reported. The dose response to 60Co ? rays is measured over the range of doses from 2.6 x 10-6 to 5.2 x 10-2 C.kg-1 (10 mR to 200 R). The fading behaviour of the OSL traps and the thermoluminescence (TL) traps are found to be the same. Optical stimulation was found to have a significant effect on the TL glow curve. Spectral measurements of the photoluminescence, TL emission and OSL emission reveal that the Cu+ ions are the luminescence centres for radioactive recombination following the depopulation of both the TL and OSL traps. The results indicate that the TL and OSL traps in the Cu+-doped fused quartz are the same.
Binding of an Antibody Mimetic of the Human Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor to Apolipoprotein E Is Governed through Electrostatic Forces (2000)

Monoclonal antibody 2E8 is specific for an epitope that coincides with the binding site of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) on human apoE. Its reactivity with apoE variants resembles that of the LDLR: it binds well with apoE3 and poorly with apoE2. The heavy chain complementarity-determining region (CDRH) 2 of 2E8 shows homology to the ligand-binding domain of the LDLR. To define better the structural basis of the 2E8/apoE interaction and particularly the role of electrostatic interactions, we generated and characterized a panel of 2E8 variants. Replacement of acidic residues in the 2E8 CDRHs showed that Asp(52), Glu(53), and Asp(56) are essential for high-affinity binding. Although Asp(31) (CDRH1), Glu(58) (CDRH2), and Asp(97) (CDRH3) did not appear to be critical, the Asp(97) --> Ala variant acquired reactivity with apoE2. A Thr(57) --> Glu substitution increased affinity for both apoE3 and apoE2. The affinities of wild-type 2E8 and variants for apoE varied inversely with ionic strength, suggesting that electrostatic forces contribute to both antigen binding and isoform specificity. We propose a model of the 2E8.apoE immune complex that is based on the 2E8 and apoE crystal structures and that is consistent with the apoE-binding properties of wild-type 2E8 and its variants. Given the similarity between the LDLR and 2E8 in terms of specificity, the LDLR/ligand interaction may also have an important electrostatic component.
Synthesis of Highly Antibacterial Nanocrystalline Trivalent Silver Polydiguanide (2009)

Highly monodispersed nanoparticles of a trivalent silver polydiguanide complex are synthesized by oxidation of the monovalent silver, followed by stabilization of the oxidized higher-valent metal through complexation with a polydiguanide ligand in a reverse microemulsion at room temperature. The synthesized nanoparticles have excellent photostability and displayed superior antibacterial activity toward Gram-positive and Gram-negative prokaryotes of clinical interest in vitro compared to silver sulfadiazine. These nanoparticles may serve as a new generation antibacterial metallopharmaceutical in wound care.
Speechrater™: a construct-driven approach to scoring spontaneous non-native speech (2007)

This paper presents an overview of the SpeechRater TM system of Educational Testing Service (ETS), a fully operational automated scoring system for non-native spontaneous speech employed in a practice context.This novel system stands in contrast to most prior speech scoring systems which focus on fairly predictable, low entropy speech such as read-aloud speech or short and predictable responses.We motivate our approach by grounding our work in the TOEFL® iBT speaking construct ("what constitutes a speaker's ability to speak comprehensibly, coherently and appropriately?") and rubrics ("what levels of proficiency do we expect to observe for different score levels in different aspects or dimensions of speech?").SpeechRater consists of three main components: the speech recognizer, trained on about 30 hours of non-native speech, the feature computation module, computing about 40 features predominantly in the fluency dimension, and the scoring model, which combines a selected set of speech features to predict a speaking score using multiple regression.On the task of estimating the total score for a set of three responses, our best model achieves a correlation of 0.67 with human scores and a quadratically weighted kappa of 0.61, which compares to an inter-human correlation of 0.94 and an inter-human weighted kappa of 0.93.
Genome sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae, a pathogen causing invasive neonatal disease (2002)

Streptococcus agalactiae is a commensal bacterium colonizing the intestinal tract of a significant proportion of the human population. However, it is also a pathogen which is the leading cause of invasive infections in neonates and causes septicaemia, meningitis and pneumonia. We sequenced the genome of the serogroup III strain NEM316, responsible for a fatal case of septicaemia. The genome is 2 211 485 base pairs long and contains 2118 protein coding genes. Fifty-five per cent of the predicted genes have an ortholog in the Streptococcus pyogenes genome, representing a conserved backbone between these two streptococci. Among the genes in S. agalactiae that lack an ortholog in S. pyogenes, 50% are clustered within 14 islands. These islands contain known and putative virulence genes, mostly encoding surface proteins as well as a number of genes related to mobile elements. Some of these islands could therefore be considered as pathogenicity islands. Compared with other pathogenic streptococci, S. agalactiae shows the unique feature that pathogenicity islands may have an important role in virulence acquisition and in genetic diversity.
SSRI adverse events: How to monitor and manage (2008)

Antidepressants are efficacious for pediatric major depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and non-OCD anxiety disorders. Antidepressants should be used in an evidence-based fashion, with frequent monitoring for side effects, especially when initiating treatment and adjusting dosage. With diligence to appropriate prescribing and monitoring, the benefits of therapy outweigh the potential of treatment related risk.
Surface/Interface-Related Conductivity in Nanometer Thick YSZ Films (2004)

Results of the electrical conductivity study of highly textured, ultrathin (15 nm) cubic yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films are presented for the first time. A nanoscale effect that results in exceptionally high ionic conductivity at moderate temperatures is detected in films less than 60 nm thick. The conductivity increases continuously below this level and reaches 0.6 S/cm at 800°C for a 15 nm thick film, which represents the highest reported value for the YSZ system. The observed behavior is attributed to an increasingly significant contribution of the surface/interface conductivity with decreasing film thickness. These observations can have important implications for the development of nanostructured electrochemical devices with enhanced performance. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (2017)

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Bloomberg Philanthropies.
Dedicated Roles of Plastid Transketolases during the Early Onset of Isoprenoid Biogenesis in Pepper Fruits1 (1998)

Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), which is produced from mevalonic acid or other nonmevalonic substrates, is the universal precursor of isoprenoids in nature. Despite the presence of several isoprenoid compounds in plastids, enzymes of the mevalonate pathway leading to IPP formation have never been isolated or identified to our knowledge. We now describe the characterization of two pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cDNAs, CapTKT1 and CapTKT2, that encode transketolases having distinct and dedicated specificities. CapTKT1 is primarily involved in plastidial pentose phosphate and glycolytic cycle integration, whereas CapTKT2 initiates the synthesis of isoprenoids in plastids via the nonmevalonic acid pathway. From pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, CapTKT2 catalyzes the formation of 1-deoxy-xylulose-5-phosphate, the IPP precursor. CapTKT1 is almost constitutively expressed during the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition, whereas CapTKT2 is overexpressed during this period, probably to furnish the IPP necessary for increased carotenoid biosynthesis. Because deoxy-xylulose phosphate is shared by the plastid pathways of isoprenoid, thiamine (vitamin B1), and pyridoxine (vitamin B6) biosynthesis, our results may explain why albino phenotypes usually occur in thiamine-deficient plants.