gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weakly Connected Quasi-periodic Oscillators, FM Interactions, and Multiplexing in the Brain (1999)

We prove that weakly connected networks of quasi-periodic (multifrequency) oscillators can be transformed into a phase model by a continuous change of variables. The phase model has the same form as the one for periodic oscillators with the exception that each phase variable is a vector. When the oscillators have mutually nonresonant frequency (rotation) vectors, the phase model uncouples. This implies that such oscillators do not interact even though there might be physical connections between them. When the frequency vectors have mutual low-order resonances, the oscillators interact via phase deviations. This mechanism resembles that of the FM radio, with a shared feature---multiplexing of signals. Possible applications to neuroscience are discussed.
Conservative visibility preprocessing using extended projections (2000)

Visualization of very complex scenes can be significantly accelerated using occlusion culling. In this paper we present a visibility preprocessing method which efficiently computes potentially visible geometry for volumetric viewing cells. We introduce novel extended projection operators, which permits efficient and conservative occlusion culling with respect to all viewpoints within a cell, and takes into account the combined occlusion effect of multiple occluders. We use extended projection of occluders onto a set of projection planes to create extended occlusion maps; we show how to efficiently test occludees against these occlusion maps to determine occlusion with respect to the entire cell. We also present an improved projection operator for certain specific but important configurations. An important advantage of our approach is that we can re-project extended projections onto a series of projection planes (via an occlusion sweep), and accumulate occlusion information from multiple blockers. This new approach allows the creation of effective occlusion maps for previously hard-to-treat scenes such as leaves of trees in a forest. Graphics hardware is used to accelerate both the extended projection and reprojection operations. We present a complete implementation demonstrating significant speedup with respect to view-frustum culling only, without the computational overhead of on-line occlusion culling.
Exemestane Is Superior to Megestrol Acetate After Tamoxifen Failure in Postmenopausal Women With Advanced Breast Cancer: Results of a Phase III Randomized Double-Blind Trial (2000)

EXE prolongs survival time, time to tumor progression, and time to treatment failure compared with MA and offers a well-tolerated treatment option for postmenopausal women with progressive advanced breast cancer who experienced failure of tamoxifen.
Automatically extracting highlights for TV Baseball programs (2000)

In today's fast-paced world, while the number of channels of television programming available is increasing rapidly, the time available to watch them remains the same or is decreasing. Users desire the capability to watch the programs time-shifted (on-demand) and/or to watch just the highlights to save time. In this paper we explore how to provide for the latter capability, that is the ability to extract highlights automatically, so that viewing time can be reduced.
Interleukin-18 Protects Mice against Acute Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection (1999)

We examined the effects of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in a mouse model of acute intraperitoneal infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Four days of treatment with IL-18 (from 2 days before infection to 1 day after infection) improved the survival rate of BALB/c, BALB/c nude, and BALB/c SCID mice, suggesting innate immunity. One day after infection, HSV-1 titers were higher in the peritoneal washing fluid of control BALB/c mice than in that of IL-18-treated mice. A genetic deficiency of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), however, diminished the survival rate and the inhibition of HSV-1 growth at the injection site in the mice. Anti-asialo GM1 treatment had no influence on the protective effect of IL-18 in infected mice. IL-18 augmented IFN-gamma release in vitro by peritoneal cells from uninfected mice, while no appreciable IFN-gamma production was found in uninfected mice administered IL-18. Although IFN-gamma has the ability to induce nitric oxide (NO) production by various types of cells, administration of the NO synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine resulted in superficial loss of the improved survival, but there was no influence on the inhibition of HSV-1 replication at the injection site in IL-18-treated mice. Based on these results, we propose that IFN-gamma produced before HSV-1 infection plays a key role as one of the IL-18-promoted protection mechanisms and that neither NK cells nor NO plays this role.
Prophages of Staphylococcus aureus Newman and their contribution to virulence (2006)

Four prophages (phiNM1-4) were identified in the genome of Staphylococcus aureus Newman, a human clinical isolate. phiNM1, phiNM2 and phiNM4, members of the siphoviridae family, insert at different sites (poiA, downstream of isdB and geh) in the staphylococcal chromosome. phiNM3, a beta-haemolysin (hlb) converting phage, encodes modulators of innate immune responses (sea, sak, chp and scn) in addition to other virulence genes. Replication of phiNM1, phiNM2 and phiNM4 occurs in culture and during animal infection, whereas phiNM3 prophage replication was not observed. Prophages were excised from the chromosome and S. aureus variants lacking phiNM3 or phiNM1, phiNM2 and phiNM4 displayed organ specific virulence defects in a murine model of abscess formation. S. aureus Newman lacking all four prophages was unable to cause disease, thereby revealing essential contributions of prophages to the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections.
Lipid Conjugated Oligonucleotides: A Useful Strategy for Delivery (2012)

Oligonucleotides, including antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA, are promising therapeutic agents against a variety of diseases. Effective delivery of these molecules is critical in view of their clinical application. Therefore, cation-based nanoplexes have been developed to improve the stability as well as the intracellular penetration of these short fragments of nucleic acids. However, this approach is clearly limited by the strong interaction with proteins after administration and by the inherent toxicity of these positively charged transfection materials. Neutral lipid-oligonucleotide conjugates have become a subject of considerable interest to improve the safe delivery of oligonucleotides. These molecules have been chemically conjugated to hydrophobic moieties such as cholesterol, squalene, or fatty acids to enhance their pharmacokinetic behavior and trans-membrane delivery. The present review gives an account of the main synthetic methods available to conjugate lipids to oligonucleotides and will discuss the pharmacological efficacy of this approach.
Literary and Personal Criticism for Preservice Teachers: A Pedagogical Imperative. (1998)

This paper provides a theoretical framework for designing a children's literature course that requires preservice teachers to critically analyze literature in ways that are personally meaningful. In addition, specific suggestions for challenging preservice teachers in children's literature courses to read intensively rather than only extensively are outlined.
Gut microbiota composition is associated with body weight, weight gain and biochemical parameters in pregnant women (2010)

Obesity is associated with complications during pregnancy and increased health risks in the newborn. The objective of the present study was to establish possible relationships between gut microbiota, body weight, weight gain and biochemical parameters in pregnant women. Fifty pregnant women were classified according to their BMI in normal-weight (n 34) and overweight (n 16) groups. Gut microbiota composition was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR in faeces and biochemical parameters in plasma at 24 weeks of pregnancy. Reduced numbers of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides and increased numbers of Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli were detected in overweight compared with normal-weight pregnant women. E. coli numbers were higher in women with excessive weight gain than in women with normal weight gain during pregnancy, while Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia muciniphila showed an opposite trend. In the whole population, increased total bacteria and Staphylococcus numbers were related to increased plasma cholesterol levels. Increased Bacteroides numbers were related to increased HDL-cholesterol and folic acid levels, and reduced TAG levels. Increased Bifidobacterium numbers were related to increased folic acid levels. Increased Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli numbers were related to increased ferritin and reduced transferrin, while Bifidobacterium levels showed the opposite trend. Therefore, gut microbiota composition is related to body weight, weight gain and metabolic biomarkers during pregnancy, which might be of relevance to the management of the health of women and infants.
3,3′-Diindolylmethane stimulates exosomal Wnt11 autocrine signaling in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to enhance wound healing (2017)

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) are suggested as a promising therapeutic tool in regenerative medicine, however, their efficacy requires improvement. Small molecules and drugs come up to be a convenient strategy in regulating stem cells fate and function. Here, we evaluated 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), a natural small-molecule compound involved in the repairing effects of hucMSCs on a deep second-degree burn injury rat model. HucMSCs primed with 50 μM of DIM exhibited desirable repairing effects compared with untreated hucMSCs. DIM enhanced the stemness of hucMSCs, which was related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. β-catenin inhibition impaired the healing effects of DIM-primed hucMSCs (DIM-hucMSCs) <i>in vivo</i>. Moreover, we demonstrated that DIM upregulated Wnt11 expression in hucMSC-derived exosomes. Wnt11 knockdown inhibited β-catenin activation and stemness induction in DIM-hucMSCs and abrogated their therapeutic effects <i>in vivo</i>. Thus, our findings indicate that DIM promotes the stemness of hucMSCs through increased exosomal Wnt11 autocrine signaling, which provides a novel strategy for improving the therapeutic effects of hucMSCs on wound healing.
The Interaction of Projectiles with Tissues and the Management of Ballistic Fractures (2001)

Wounds to the limbs are the commonest injuries seen during armed conflict and injury results from the transfer of energy from the missile to the tissues. There are a number of factors that determine the transfer of energy, and thus the extent of wounding. These include the velocity of the missile, its shape and stability, and the tissue through which the missile passes. Many of the wounds involve bone, and because of the interaction of missiles with bone, significant fractures can occur. In many previous conflicts amputation was considered the treatment of choice for many limb injuries, but with recent advances in the management of severe open fractures, many of these limbs are now salvageable. Whilst the basic principles of the initial débridement remain unchanged, techniques of fracture stabilisation and definitive soft tissue cover have changed, and it is necessary to consider these in relation to military fractures. Definitive soft tissue closure can be safely delayed until evacuation further down the medical chain, but stabilisation of the fracture must be considered at the time of initial surgery. Many of the advances in fracture management may be unsuitable for use in a military environment due to logistical constraints. In addition it is likely that wound infection will be more common with military injuries, and this will influence the treatment. This paper considers the interaction of missiles with soft tissue and bone, and discusses possible methods of fracture stabilisation in the military environment.
Hexagonal WO<sub>3</sub> Films with Carbon Nanotubes for Sensing Applications (2008)

In this work, nanocrystalline hexagonal tungsten oxide was prepared by acidic precipitation from sodium tungstate solution. TEM studies of nanopowders showed that the average size of the hexagonal nanoparticles is 30-50 nm. Novel nanocomposites were prepared by embedding a low amount of gold decorated carbon nanotubes into the hex-WO3 matrix. The addition of MWCNTs lowered the temperature range of sensitivity of hex-WO3 nanocomposites to NO2 hazardous gas. The sensitivity of hex - WO3 with Au-decorated MWCNTs to NO2 is at the temperature range between 25°C and 250°C.
Synthesis and biological activities of some N6-(nitro- and -aminobenzyl)adenosines (1975)

Synthesis and biological activities of 12 analogs of N6-benzyladenosine are described. The compounds were prepared by two methods: (1) direct alkylation of adenosine with an appropriately substituted benzyl bromide to give the N1-substituted derivative which was then rearranged in base to give the N6-substituted compound, and (2) by nucleophilic displacement of chlorine in 6-chloropurine ribonucleoside, 6-chloro-2-aminopurine ribonucleoside, and 6-chloro-2-aminopurine with an amine. These analogs were examined for their growth inhibitory effect in cultured leukemic cells and also for their effect on adenosine aminohydrolase activity. N6-p-Nitrobenzyladenosine and its 2'-deoxy analog were competitive inhibitors (K1 65, 22 MUM). The 2-amino-N6-p-nitrobenzyladenine and its ribonucleoside were found to be noncompetitive inhibitors of adenosine aminohydrolase. In cultured L1210 leukemia, 2-amino-6-p-nitrobenzylaminopurine and the corresponding ribonucleoside were better growth inhibitors than N6-benzyladenosine, while N6-p-nitrobenzyladenosine, its 2'-deoxy analog, and N6-p-fluorobenzyladenosine were as active as N6-benzyladenosine.
Chemical modification of hyaluronic acid by carbodiimides (1991)

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polysaccharide with repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine and is found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. Reaction of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (NaHA, MW approximately 2 x 10(6] with EDC at pH 4.75, either in the presence or absence of a primary diamine, gave the N-acylurea and O-acylisourea as NaHA-carbodiimide adducts. None of the expected intermolecular coupling with the amine component was observed. On the basis of this new observation, this method for chemical modification of HA was used in conjunction with new synthetic carbodiimides to prepare HA derivatives bearing lipophilic, aromatic, cross-linked, and tethered functional groups. The degree of conversion to NaHA-acylurea products appears to depend upon both the characteristics of various carbodiimides and the conformational structure of NaHA.
Current Possibilities for Detection of Loosening of Total Hip Replacements and How Intelligent Implants Could Improve Diagnostic Accuracy (2012)

In this article, a review of diagnostic possibilities to detect the loosening status of a THR is given. In general, diagnostic methods can be divided into imaging and implant integrated sensors (Fig. The most important research activities were conducted in the field of vibrometry with the use of accelerometers (Marschner et al., 2009). Moreover, new research topics which link sensors to THR are described. Finally, we propose a new excitation method for detection of total hip stem loosening using vibrometry.
Novel signal transduction and peptide specificity of glucagon-like peptide receptor in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (1997)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1), in addition to its well known effect of enhancing glucose-mediated insulin release, has been shown to have insulinomimetic effects and to enhance insulin-mediated glucose uptake and lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To elucidate the mechanisms of GLP-1 action in these cells, we studied the signal transduction and peptide specificity of the GLP-1 response. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GLP-1 caused a decrease in intracellular cAMP levels which is the opposite to the response observed in pancreatic beta cells in response to the same peptide. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, free intracellular calcium was not modified by GLP-1. Peptide specificity was examined to help determine if a different GLP receptor isoform was expressed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes vs. beta cells. Peptides with partial homology to GLP-1 such as GLP-2, GLP-1 (1-36), and glucagon all lowered cAMP levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, an antagonist of pancreatic GLP-1 receptor, exendin-4 (9-39), acted as an agonist to decrease cAMP levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as did exendin-4 (1-39), a known agonist for the pancreatic GLP-1 receptor. Binding studies using 125I-GLP-1 also suggest that pancreatic GLP-1 receptor isoform is not responsible for the effect of GLP-1 and related peptides in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Based on these results, we propose that the major form of the GLP receptor in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is functionally different from the pancreatic GLP-1 receptor.
Megalin and cubilin: synergistic endocytic receptors in renal proximal tubule (2001)

The multiligand, endocytic receptors megalin and cubilin are colocalized in the renal proximal tubule. They are heavily expressed in the apical endocytic apparatus. Megalin is a 600-kDa transmembrane protein belonging to the low-density lipoprotein-receptor family. The cytoplasmic tail contains three NPXY motifs that mediate the clustering in coated pits and are possibly involved in signaling functions. Cubilin, also known as the intestinal intrinsic factor-cobalamin receptor, is a 460-kDa receptor with no transmembrane domain and no known signal for endocytosis. Because the two receptors bind each other with high affinity and colocalize in several tissues, it is highly conceivable that megalin mediates internalization of cubilin and its ligands. Both receptors are important for normal tubular reabsorption of proteins, including albumin. Among the proteins normally filtered in the glomeruli, cubilin has been shown to bind albumin, immunoglobulin light chains, and apolipoprotein A-I. The variety of filtered ligands identified for megalin include vitamin-binding proteins, hormones, enzymes, apolipoprotein H, albumin, and beta(2)- and alpha(1)-microglobulin. Loss of these proteins and vitamins in the urine of megalin-deficient mice illustrates the physiological importance of this receptor.
Fifth component of human complement: purification from plasma and polypeptide chain structure (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFifth component of human complement: purification from plasma and polypeptide chain structureBrian F. Tack, Sam C. Morris, and James W. PrahlCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 8, 1490–1497Publication Date (Print):April 17, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00575a016https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00575a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coactivation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Affects the Response of Tumor Cells to Targeted Therapies (2007)

Targeted therapies that inhibit receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and the downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway have shown promising anticancer activity, but their efficacy in the brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and other solid tumors has been modest. We hypothesized that multiple RTKs are coactivated in these tumors and that redundant inputs drive and maintain downstream signaling, thereby limiting the efficacy of therapies targeting single RTKs. Tumor cell lines, xenotransplants, and primary tumors indeed show multiple concomitantly activated RTKs. Combinations of RTK inhibitors and/or RNA interference, but not single agents, decreased signaling, cell survival, and anchorage-independent growth even in glioma cells deficient in PTEN, a frequently inactivated inhibitor of PI3K. Thus, effective GBM therapy may require combined regimens targeting multiple RTKs.
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Reduces Vascular Leak in Murine and Canine Models of Acute Lung Injury (2004)

Excessive mechanical stress is a key component of ventilator-associated lung injury, resulting in profound vascular leak and an intense inflammatory response. To extend our in vitro observations concerning the barrier-protective effects of the lipid growth factor sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph 1-P), we assessed the ability of Sph 1-P to prevent regional pulmonary edema accumulation in clinically relevant rodent and canine models of acute lung injury induced by combined intrabronchial endotoxin administration and high tidal volume mechanical ventilation. Intravenously delivered Sph 1-P significantly attenuated both alveolar and vascular barrier dysfunction while significantly reducing shunt formation associated with lung injury. Whole lung computed tomographic image analysis demonstrated the capability of Sph 1-P to abrogate significantly the accumulation of extravascular lung water evoked by 6-hour exposure to endotoxin. Axial density profiles and vertical density gradients localized the Sph 1-P response to transitional zones between aerated and consolidated lung regions. Together, these results indicate that Sph 1-P represents a novel therapeutic intervention for the prevention of pulmonary edema related to inflammatory injury and increased vascular permeability.
Comparative Effects of Heme and Metalloporphyrins on Interferon- -Mediated Pathways in Monocytic Cells (THP-1) (1993)

Previous results have demonstrated links between cell-mediated immunity, interferon (IFN)-gamma and neopterin production with heme, porphyrins, and iron metabolism. In this study, we compared the effects of heme, several metalloporphyrins, protoporphyrin IX, and iron on the signal or IFN-gamma-mediated pathways, such as the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens, neopterin formation, and the degradation of tryptophan. Using the human monocytic cell line, THP-1, we found that heme, Zn-mesoporphyrin, Zn-deuteroporphyrin, Co-protoporphyrin, and iron reduced the efficiency of the IFN-gamma signal. In addition, Zn-mesoporphyrin almost fully inhibited IFN-gamma-induced degradation of tryptophan by the heme protein, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. In contrast, tin-protoporphyrin enhanced the IFN-gamma effects as seen by increased neopterin production, enhanced tryptophan degradation, and elevated HLA-DR antigen expression on cells. These effects are considered to be due to the action of heme, metalloporphyrins, iron, or heme byproducts on the IFN-gamma signal, rather than to direct effects on IFN-gamma-induced enzymatic pathways. Heme and metalloporphyrins were previously shown to affect heme oxygenase activity, T cell growth, and lipid peroxidation and to modulate interleukin 2 activity. These pathways are also known to be influenced by IFN-gamma, and our data suggest that heme and metalloporphyrins may directly modulate the efficiency of the IFN-gamma signal.