gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circular RNAs in human cancer (2017)

CircRNAs are a novel type of RNAs. With the newly developed technology of next-generation sequencing (NGS), especially RNA-seq technology, over 30,000 circRNAs have already been found. Owing to their unique structure, they are more stable than linear RNAs. CircRNAs play important roles in the carcinogenesis of cancer. The expression of circRNAs is correlated with patients' clinical characteristics, and circRNAs play a vital role in many aspects of malignant phenotypes, including cell cycle, apoptosis, vascularization, and invasion; metastasis as a RNA sponge, binding to RBP; or translation. Therefore, it is meaningful to further study the mechanism of interactions between circRNAs and tumors. The role of circRNAs as molecular markers or potential targets will provide promising application perspectives, such as early tumor diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, prognosis prediction, and even gene therapy for tumors.
Interferometric extrapolation of OBS and SSP data (2008)

We present the theory and numerical results for interferometrically extrapolating ocean bottom seismic (OBS) and surface seismic profile (SSP) data. This method employs a natural Green's function (i.e. shot gather) and a model‐based Green's function. Numerical results show that the OBS and SSP receiver apertures can be more than doubled in width by applying interferometric extrapolation to seismic data. Results also suggest that an OBS or marine SSP survey can yield much more information about the reflectors if data are extrapolated by interferometry. This assumes that the sources are located both outside and inside the recording aperture.
Interleukin 7 production and function in stromal cell-dependent B cell development. (1989)

The role of IL-7 in the stromal cell-dependent B cell development was investigated using two stromal cell clones, ST2 and PA6; the former supports B lymphopoiesis while the latter can not. We demonstrate here that: (a) the ability of the stromal cell clone to produce IL-7 correlates well with the stromal cell activity to support B lymphopoiesis; (b) IL-7 production by ST2 is inducible rather than constitutive; (c) the IL-7-dependent B cell itself is a potent inducer of IL-7 production by ST2; (d) addition of rIL-7 to the PA6 layer renders this in vitro environment B lymphopoietic; and (e) the differentiation from early B progenitor to pre-B cell requires both IL-7 and other stromal cell molecule(s) yet to be identified.
Head and Neck Cancer Cell Lines Are Resistant to Mitochondrial-Depolarization-Induced Apoptosis (2008)

Head and neck cancer cell lines exhibit defects in mitochondrial-membrane-depolarization-induced apoptosis as well as impaired release of cytochrome c despite significant mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Proximal defects in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway are a feature of HNSCC.
Dynamics of Fermentation of a Purified Diet and Microbial Growth in the Rumen (1976)

Ruminal fermentation and disappearance of glucose, starch, and cellulose, and incorporation of glucose and starch into microbial cells were estimated in a fistulated Jersey cow fed twice daily a purified diet containing urea as the sole nitrogen source. Estimated rumen volume was 59.8 liters. Turnover time and rate of passage of rumen contents were 33.4 h and 1.8 liters per h. Turnover times of glucose, starch, and cellulose were .17, 4.7, and 14.2 h. Fermentation times of glucose, starch, and cellulose were .17, 5.5, and 25.1 h. Percentages of glucose, starch, and cellulose utilized in the rumen were 99.4, 85.4, and 60.6. Thus, 18.5% of the carbohydrate fed bypassed rumen fermentation, and 81.5% was utilized in the rumen. All glucose disappeared from the rumen within an hour. An average of 32.1, 43.0, and 14%, respectively, of glucose utilized was incorporated into microbial cells, volatile fatty acids, and carbon dioxide. Percentage of starch incorporated into cells varied, with time being highest 2 h after feeding at 40% and lowest at 20%, 10 h after feeding. Respective percentages of starch incorporated into microbial cells, volatile fatty acids, and carbon dioxide were 32.4, 45.9; and 13.3. Total microbial protein and cell yields per kilogram carbohydrate utilized in the rumen were 77.1 and 117.5 g. Microbial cell yield per mole (estimated) of adenosine triphosphate was 16.2 g.
What we could do now: molecular pathology of colorectal cancer: Figure 1 (2001)

The contribution of molecular genetics to colorectal cancer has been largely restricted to relatively rare inherited tumours and to the detection of germ line mutations predisposing to these cancers. However, much is now known about the somatic events leading to colorectal cancer in general. Several studies have examined the relation between genetic features and prognosis. The purpose of this article is to review these studies and summarise the current state of this subject. Although many of the published studies are small and inconclusive, it is clear that several different pathways exist for the development of this cancer, and some molecular characteristics seem to correlate with clinicopathological features. At present, studies are confined to evaluating a small number of molecular markers; however, with the advent of methods for the rapid genetic profiling of large numbers of colorectal cancers, it will be possible to evaluate fully the clinical usefulness of a range of colorectal cancer genotypes.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF AN ANTICIRCUMSPOROZOITE DNA VACCINE TRIAL FOR PROTECTION AGAINST AVIAN MALARIA IN CAPTIVE AFRICAN BLACK-FOOTED PENGUINS (SPHENISCUS DEMERSUS) (2004)

Captive juvenile African black-footed penguins (Spheniscus demersus) housed in an outdoor enclosure at the Baltimore Zoo have an average 50% mortality from avian malarial (Plasmodium sp.) infection each year without intense monitoring for disease and chemotherapeutic intervention. During the 1996 malaria transmission season, the safety and efficacy of an anti-circumsporozoite (CSP) DNA vaccine encoding the Plasmodium gallinaceum CSP protein against P. relictum were studied. The goal was to reduce clinical disease and death without initiating sterile immunity after release into an area with stable, endemic avian malaria. The birds were monitored for adverse clinical signs associated with vaccination, the stimulation of an anti-CSP antibody response, and protection afforded by the vaccine. The presence of P. relictum in trapped culicine mosquitoes within the penguin enclosure was monitored to assess parasite pressure. Among the vaccinated penguins, the parasitemia rate dropped from approximately 50% to approximately 17% despite intense parasite pressure, as determined by mosquito infection rate. During the year of the vaccine trial, no mortalities due to malaria occurred and no undesirable vaccination side effects occurred. This is the first trial of an antimalarial vaccine in a captive penguin colony.
The major adduct of the antitumor drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) with DNA bends the duplex by approximately equal to 40 degrees toward the major groove. (1988)

We used gel electrophoresis methods to show that reaction of DNA with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) results in a substantial (approximately equal to 40 degrees) bend in the double helix at the intrastrand crosslink between the N7 atoms of adjacent guanosine nucleosides, which bond to the platinum(II) complex with loss of two chloride ions. Multimers of a 22-base-pair (bp) oligonucleotide platinated at a single site show strong anomalies in their electrophoretic mobilities as a consequence of coherent addition of in-phase platinum-induced bends. Increase of the sequence repeat of the platinated site to 27 bp yields multimers of nearly normal mobility because the bends are out of phase. The direction of Pt-induced bends relative to adenosine-tract bends was determined from the electrophoretic mobility of multimers in which repeated platination sites are interdigitated at various phasings relative to repeated adenosine tracts. Optimum bending occurs when 1.5 helical turns separate the cis-[Pt(NH3)2[d(pGpG)]](N7,N7) adducts from the center of the adenosine tracts. This phasing produces coherent addition of adenosine tract bends toward the minor groove at their centers and Pt-induced bends toward the major groove, where the platinum is located.
Circular Dichroism Simulated Spectra of Chiral Gold Nanoclusters:  A Dipole Approximation (2003)

Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of chiral bare and thiol-passivated gold nanoclusters have been calculated within the dipole approximation. The calculated CD spectra show features that allow us to distinguish between clusters with different indexes of chirality. The main factor responsible for the differences in the CD line shapes is the distribution of interatomic distances that characterize the chiral cluster geometry. These results provide theoretical support for the quantification of chirality and its measurement using the CD line shapes of chiral metal nanoclusters.
Fluorescence of fullerenes (C60 and C70) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence of fullerenes (C60 and C70)Javier Catalan and Jose ElgueroCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 20, 9249–9252Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00073a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00073a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1847Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeting Tumor Hypoxia: Suppression of Breast Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Novel Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitors (2011)

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a hypoxia and HIF-1-inducible protein that regulates intra- and extracellular pH under hypoxic conditions and promotes tumor cell survival and invasion in hypoxic microenvironments. Interrogation of 3,630 human breast cancers provided definitive evidence of CAIX as an independent poor prognostic biomarker for distant metastases and survival. shRNA-mediated depletion of CAIX expression in 4T1 mouse metastatic breast cancer cells capable of inducing CAIX in hypoxia resulted in regression of orthotopic mammary tumors and inhibition of spontaneous lung metastasis formation. Stable depletion of CAIX in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenografts also resulted in attenuation of primary tumor growth. CAIX depletion in the 4T1 cells led to caspase-independent cell death and reversal of extracellular acidosis under hypoxic conditions in vitro. Treatment of mice harboring CAIX-positive 4T1 mammary tumors with novel CAIX-specific small molecule inhibitors that mimicked the effects of CAIX depletion in vitro resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis formation in both spontaneous and experimental models of metastasis, without inhibitory effects on CAIX-negative tumors. Similar inhibitory effects on primary tumor growth were observed in mice harboring orthotopic tumors comprised of lung metatstatic MDA-MB-231 LM2-4(Luc+) cells. Our findings show that CAIX is vital for growth and metastasis of hypoxic breast tumors and is a specific, targetable biomarker for breast cancer metastasis.
Foraging Behavior of the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (1984)

A field study was conducted to examine the foraging pattern of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shirah A dye, Sudan Red 7B, was used as a marking material to identify foragers feeding at specific foraging sites. The results showed that the termites selected their foraging sites at random. No preferences in foraging site were observed. Since foraging sites were selected at random, all of the foragers in a given colony would visit a specific foraging site, given sufficient time. It is theoretically possible, therefore, to introduce a suitable control agent in a single foraging site and eliminate the entire colony.
POSS-based luminescent porous polymers for carbon dioxide sorption and nitroaromatic explosives detection (2014)

Luminescent porous polymers based on octavinylsilsequioxane and triphenylamine units show tunable porosity and luminescence, a moderate uptake of CO<sub>2</sub> and high sensitivity for TNT.
WAFER LEVEL CAMERAS – NOVEL FABRICATION AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES (2024)

This paper explores the latest fabrication techniques and packaging technologies for Wafer Level Cameras (WLC), focusing on the challenges and solutions throughout the manufacturing process. It highlights the importance of performance improvements and optimization of manufacturing methods for mobile phone cameras, emphasizing the role of Wafer Level Packaging (WLP) and wafer-level optics in addressing the demand for smaller form factors and cost reduction. Key aspects include the replication of microlenses, alignment issues, and the use of UV-curable materials for lens stacking and microlens replication. The paper concludes with a discussion on optical measurement technology for quality assurance.
Construction of small-insert genomic DNA libraries highly enriched for microsatellite repeat sequences. (1992)

We describe an efficient method for the construction of small-insert genomic libraries enriched for highly polymorphic, simple sequence repeats. With this approach, libraries in which 40-50% of the members contain (CA)n repeats are produced, representing an approximately 50-fold enrichment over conventional small-insert genomic DNA libraries. Briefly, a genomic library with an average insert size of less than 500 base pairs was constructed in a phagemid vector. Amplification of this library in a dut ung strain of Escherichia coli allowed the recovery of the library as closed circular single-stranded DNA with uracil frequently incorporated in place of thymine. This DNA was used as a template for second-strand DNA synthesis, primed with (CA)n or (TG)n oligonucleotides, at elevated temperatures by a thermostable DNA polymerase. Transformation of this mixture into wild-type E. coli strains resulted in the recovery of primer-extended products as a consequence of the strong genetic selection against single-stranded uracil-containing DNA molecules. In this manner, a library highly enriched for the targeted microsatellite-containing clones was recovered. This approach is widely applicable and can be used to generate marker-selected libraries bearing any simple sequence repeat from cDNAs, whole genomes, single chromosomes, or more restricted chromosomal regions of interest.
Direct Isolation in Eggs of Influenza A (H1N1) and B Viruses with Haemagglutinins of Different Antigenic and Amino Acid Composition (1991)

Influenza A (H1N1) and influenza B viruses from clinical samples were isolated in the amniotic cavity of embryonated hens' eggs by classical techniques and propagated in the allantoic cavity. Virus progeny from different eggs which had been inoculated with virus material from the same clinical sample possessed antigenically distinguishable haemagglutinins (HAs). Virus progeny of some eggs possessed HAs which were serologically identical to those of virus isolated in parallel in mammalian (MDCK) cells. These egg-grown viruses possessing HAs with the antigenic phenotype of mammalian cell-grown viruses appeared to be antigenically related to epidemic influenza virus because post-infection human sera reacted to high titre with the virus HA. Specific nucleotide changes were detected in the HAs of the viruses isolated directly in eggs at positions 163 and 189 for influenza A (H1N1) viruses or positions 141 and 196 to 198 for influenza B viruses. Egg-isolated viruses which possessed the antigenic phenotype of mammalian cell-grown viruses retained glycosylation sites at positions 163 and 196. The viruses isolated directly in embryonated hens' eggs which possessed the HA antigenic phenotype and glycosylation sites of MDCK cell-grown virus can, unlike the latter viruses themselves, be used as candidate influenza vaccine viruses.
Lactic Acid Oligomer Microspheres Containing an Anticancer Agent for Selective Lymphatic Delivery: I. In Vitro Studies (1988)

Liberation controlee des medicaments inclus dans des matrices a base de polyether poly(urethane uree) en fonction de la structure moleculaire, des proprietes de solubilite, des proprietes thermiques
Inhibition of platelet-mediated, tissue factor-induced thrombin generation by the mouse/human chimeric 7E3 antibody. Potential implications for the effect of c7E3 Fab treatment on acute thrombosis and "clinical restenosis". (1996)

The murine/human chimeric monoclonal antibody fragment (c7E3 Fab) blocks GPIIb/IIIa and alpha v beta 3 receptors, inhibits platelet aggregation, and decreases the frequency of ischemic events after coronary artery angioplasty in patients at high risk of suffering such events. Although inhibition of platelet aggregation is likely to be the major mechanism of c7E3 Fab's effects, since activated platelets facilitate thrombin generation, it is possible that c7E3 Fab also decreases thrombin generation. To test this hypothesis, the effects of c7E3 Fab and other antiplatelet agents were tested in a thrombin generation assay triggered by tissue factor. c7E3 Fab produced dose-dependent inhibition of thrombin generation, reaching a plateau of 45-50% inhibition at concentrations > or = 15 micrograms/ml. It also inhibited thrombin-antithrombin complex formation, prothrombin fragment F1-2 generation, platelet-derived growth factor and platelet factor 4 release, incorporation of thrombin into clots, and microparticle formation. Antibody 6D1, which blocks platelet GPIb binding of von Willebrand factor, had no effect on thrombin generation, whereas antibody 10E5, which blocks GPIIb/IIIa but not alpha v beta 3 receptors decreased thrombin generation by approximately 25%. Combining antibody LM609, which blocks alpha v beta 3 receptors, with 10E5 increased the inhibition of thrombin generation to approximately 32-41%. The platelets from three patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia, who lacked GPIIb/IIIa receptors but had normal or increased alpha v beta 3 receptors, supported approximately 21% less thrombin generation than normal platelets. We conclude that thrombin generation initiated by tissue factor in the presence of platelets is significantly inhibited by c7E3 Fab, most likely in part through both GPIIb/IIIa and alpha v beta 3 blockade, and that this effect may contribute to its antithrombotic properties.
Affinity Sensor: A New Technique for Developing Implantable Sensors for Glucose and Other Metabolites (1982)

We describe affinity sensors for monitoring various metabolites in blood plasma by optical means. The principle of detection is similar to that used in radioimmunoassays and is based on the competitive binding of a particular metabolite and a fluorescein-labeled analogue with receptor sites specific for the metabolite and the labeled ligand. This concept has been directed toward the development of an affinity sensor for glucose. Concanavalin A, a protein with specific binding character for glucose, was immobilized on the inside surface of a hollow dialysis fiber. Fluorescein-labeled dextran was selected as the competitive labeled ligand. The molecular weight cutoff of the dialysis fiber is low enough to completely retain the 70,000 MW dextran within the fiber lumen while glucose can freely pass through the dialysis membrane. The sensor is completed by inserting a single optical fiber in the lumen of the dialysis fiber, thus allowing measurement of the unbound FITC-dextran. Preliminary tests of the sensor indicated the feasibility of the approach. Sensitivity to glucose in the physiologic range was obtained, but further work will be required to optimize the sensitivity and response time of the sensor.
Prolonged expression of high molecular mass CD45RA isoform during the differentiation of human progenitor thymocytes to CD3+ cells in vitro (1991)

CD45, the leukocyte common Ag, has been shown to characterize T cell development both within the thymus and among peripheral T cells. The work reported here demonstrates that human multinegative (MN) thymocytes, depleted of cells bearing CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD19, express predominantly the high molecular mass CD45RA isoform, and lack low molecular mass CD45RB isoforms and CD45R0 as detected by immunofluorescence. By immunoprecipitation of surface-labeled CD45 molecules from MN thymocytes, a proportion of the CD45 is in fact of low molecular mass but does not include epitopes recognized by CD45R0, nor by CD45RB mAb specific for the p190. This suggests either glycosylation variants of CD45RB/CD45R0 undetectable by our mAb, or underglycosylated CD45RA. MN thymocytes lack TCR-alpha beta mRNA confirming their early developmental stage. Upon culture with IL-2 or with mitogenic combinations of anti-CD2/CD28 mAb, MN thymocytes differentiate to acquire CD3, TCR-alpha beta, and in some cases CD4 and/or CD8. We have predicted that maintenance of CD45RA and lack of CD45R0 expression is fundamental to generative thymic development. If correct, this demands that unlike peripheral T cells, differentiation of MN thymocytes should be accompanied by prolonged expression of high molecular mass CD45 isoforms. Analysis of CD45 isoform expression during MN thymocyte development confirms this prediction and indicates that expression of CD45RA is maintained, at increasing density, for at least 8 to 12 days of culture. Unlike peripheral blood T cells, this is accompanied by the gradual acquisition of firstly the p190 isoforms of CD45RB and later by CD45R0, resulting in a population of CD3+TCR-alpha beta cells coexpressing CD45RA/RBp190/R0. Dot blot analysis of mRNA from differentiating MN thymocytes indicates prolonged expression of mRNA encoding CD45 exons a, b, and c, again in contrast to peripheral T cells which lose all mRNA for alternatively spliced CD45 exons within the first 24 h poststimulation. This is discussed in the context of negative selection during thymic development and interconversion of T cell subsets.