gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boundary Layer Solution for a Bubble Rising through a Liquid Containing Surface-Active Contaminants (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoundary Layer Solution for a Bubble Rising through a Liquid Containing Surface-Active ContaminantsGraham F. Andrews and Shu-Lun S. WongCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 4, 1371–1382Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00043a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00043a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inorganic Chemistry Goes Protein Size: A Mo368 Nano-Hedgehog Initiating Nanochemistry by Symmetry Breaking (2002)

Molybdenum monsters: A huge molybdenum cluster, comprising large areas with different local symmetry (in the picture different colors represent different (smaller) Mo fragments) is prepared and characterized. Molybdate fragments, which can tolerate a change of electron density at various positions, can be linked in a tremendous variety of ways according to a split-and-link process. Small changes of the boundary conditions, especially the redox conditions, which control growth, as well as the H+ ion concentration, can have a deciding influence on the process.
Photophysics of Ru(phen)2(PHEHAT)2+:  A Novel “Light Switch” for DNA and Photo-oxidant for Mononucleotides (1997)

The spectroelectrochemical properties of a novel light switch for DNA, Ru(phen)2(PHEHAT)2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; PHEHAT = 1,10-phenanthrolino[5,6-b]1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene), are examined and compared to those of Ru(phen)2(DPPZ)2+ (DPPZ = dipyrido[3,2-a;2‘,3‘-c]phenazine) and Ru(phen)2(HAT)2+ (HAT = 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene). The excited Ru(phen)2(PHEHAT)2+ luminesces in organic solvents but not in water. It is shown that the orbitals involved in the absorption and luminescence spectroscopy are not the same as those in the electrochemistry. In aqueous solution, this complex luminesces upon intercalation of the PHEHAT ligand into the stacking of the DNA bases. Two modes of distribution of the complex on DNA can be evidenced from the titration curves of the complex with DNA. Laser flash photolysis experiments show that the excited state is able to abstract an electron from GMP (guanosine-5‘-monophosphate) with a rather low efficiency, leading to the reduced complex and oxidized GMP. However, this process is not accompanied by the formation of photoproduct with GMP and cannot be detected with DNA on the time scale of the experiments.
Internet privacy practices of news media and implications for online journalism (2005)

In light of increases in online privacy concerns, use of online news sites, and news site data mining, a content analysis of 405 news media websites assessed information collection strategies and related privacy practices which impact on the relationship of news sources and news users. Sites from four categories of media types (Daily News, Internet Media, Magazines, and Weeklies) were coded for use of “cookies” and other information collection strategies, as well as the posting and content of privacy policies. Although 81.7 percent of sites collected information, only 37.8 percent provided any form of disclosure of privacy practices. While the use of cookies was prevalent (68.4 percent), less than a quarter of these sites disclosed such practices. Among sites that addressed Fair Information Practices, Notice, Choice, and Redress appeared most frequently, followed by Access and Security. Policies generally neglected to address Fair Information Practices with regard to third parties. The discrepancy between information practices and information disclosure is discussed with respect to Internet self-regulation and Federal Trade Commission findings.
Temporal association of CD40 antigen expression with discrete stages of human B-cell ontogeny and the efficacy of anti-CD40 immunotoxins against clonogenic B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia as well as B- lineage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells (1990)

Detailed immunophenotypic analyses of immunologically classified leukemias and lymphomas showed that CD40 displays an exquisite B- lineage specificity within the human lymphopoietic system. Notably, 82% of B-lineage chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLLs), 82% of B-lineage hairy cell leukemias (HCLs), 86% of B-lineage non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), and 29% of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) were CD40+. Quantitative analyses of the correlated expression of CD40 and other B-lineage differentiation antigens on fetal lymphoid precursor cells by multiparameter two-color/three-color flow cytometry, combined with analyses of sequential antigen expression on fluorescence- activated cell fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) isolated immunologically distinct fetal B-cell precursor subpopulations during in vitro proliferation and differentiation, provided evidence that the acquisition of CD40 antigen in human B-cell ontogeny occurs subsequent to the expression of CD10 and CD19 antigens but before the surface expression of CD20, CD21, CD22, CD24, and surface immunoglobulin M (sIgM). Some leukemic pro-B cells from ALL patients as well as normal pro-B cell clones from fetal livers displaying germline Ig heavy chain genes were CD40+, indicating that the acquisition of CD40 antigen likely precedes the rearrangement of Ig heavy chain genes. CD40+ FACS- sorted malignant cells from B-lineage ALL as well as B-lineage NHL patients were capable of in vitro clonogenic growth, indicating the CD40 antigen is expressed on clonogenic leukemia and lymphoma cells. This hypothesis was confirmed by the ability of an anti-CD40 immunotoxin that we used as an antigen-specific cytotoxic probe to effectively kill clonogenic B-lineage ALL and NHL cells.
Hyaluronan-Cell Interactions in Cancer and Vascular Disease (2002)

Other articles in this series concentrate on normal physiological and cellular functions of hyaluronan. In this article we discuss the influences of hyaluronan on disease progression. Alterations in hyaluronan metabolism, distribution, and function have been documented in many diseases, e.g. arthritis, immune and inflammatory disorders, pulmonary and vascular diseases, and cancer (see Refs. 1 and 2). In this article we will concentrate on cancer and vascular disease because our knowledge in these areas has advanced rapidly over the past several years and because work in these areas has highlighted the importance of hyaluronan-cell interactions in cell behavior.
Fabrication, implantation, elution, and retrieval of a steroid‐loaded polycaprolactone subretinal implant (2005)

A subretinal drug delivery system was developed to overcome the limitations of current treatments for retinal disease. A rod-shaped implant was made by embedding the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide within a biodegradable polycaprolactone polymer matrix. The implant was fabricated by homogeneously mixing the polymer and drug in solvent. The mixture was then dried, melted, and extruded, and the prepared solid form was drawn into a filament. The rods were mechanically sectioned to a length of 2 mm with a diameter of up to 320 microm. The rods were successfully implanted into the subretinal space of six rabbits. No complications were observed during the 4-week follow-up period. Initial observations of the implantation and elution characteristics revealed that polycaprolactone is well tolerated by the retinal tissue and that the implant can elute steroid for a period of at least 4 weeks without eliciting inflammatory response or complications. In vitro drug elution rates of different polymer to drug ratios and geometries into a balanced salt solution/bovine serum albumin (1%) solution showed an early rapid-release phase and late first-order phase. Histology and device retrieval after implantation revealed minimal encapsulation and good preservation of cellular morphology during the follow-up period and a more fibrous polymer microstructure of the implant.
Carbon Nanotubes by a CVD Method. Part II: Formation of Nanotubes from (Mg, Fe)O Catalysts (2002)

The aim of this paper is to study the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from different Fe/MgO oxide powders that were prepared by combustion synthesis and characterized in detail in a companion paper. Depending on the synthesis conditions, several iron species are present in the starting oxides including Fe2+ ions, octahedral Fe3+ ions, Fe3+ clusters, and MgFe2O4-like nanoparticles. Upon reduction during heating at 5 °C/min up to 1000 °C in H2/CH4 of the oxide powders, the octahedral Fe3+ ions tend to form Fe2+ ions, which are not likely to be reduced to metallic iron whereas the MgFe2O4-like particles are directly reduced to metallic iron. The reduced phases are α-Fe, Fe3C, and γ-Fe−C. Fe3C appears as the postreaction phase involved in the formation of carbon filaments (CNTs and thick carbon nanofibers). Thick carbon nanofibers are formed from catalyst particles originating from poorly dispersed species (Fe3+ clusters and MgFe2O4-like particles). The nanofiber outer diameter is determined by the particle size. The reduction of the iron ions and clusters that are well dispersed in the MgO lattice leads to small catalytic particles (<5 nm), which tend to form SWNTS and DWNTs with an inner diameter close to 2 nm. Well-dispersed MgFe2O4-like particles can also be reduced to small metal particles with a narrow size distribution, producing SWNTs and DWNTs. The present results will help in tailoring oxide precursors for the controlled formation of CNTs.
Prediction of Polar Surface Area and Drug Transport Processes Using Simple Parameters and PLS Statistics (2000)

Modeling of the calculated polar surface area of drugs with rapidly derived descriptors (i.e., the number of hydrogen bonds accepting oxygen and nitrogen atoms and the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to these) using partial least squares projection to latent structures (PLS) analysis is described. The statistical analysis showed strong relationships between the hydrogen-bonding descriptors and the calculated polar surface area of five chemically diverse sets of drugs (R2>0.93 and Q2>0.69, n = 11, 20, 45, 70, and 74, respectively). The statistical models (using H-bonding descriptors and log P) of transport across Caco-2 cells (n = 11), brain-blood partitioning (two data sets, n = 45 and 70) and percent intestinal absorption (n = 20) showed R2 = 0.92, 0.72, 0.76, and 0.81 and Q2 = 0.74, 0.75, 0.71, and 0.73, respectively. The inclusion of log P improved two models, had no effect on one model, and had a slightly negative impact on one model. The combination of H-bonding descriptors with log P is similar to the Lipinski "rule-of-five" mnemonic. However, by using a multivariate statistical method (e.g., PLS), the prediction becomes quantitative instead of qualitative. Good statistical models were derived which permit fast computational screening and prioritization of virtual compound libraries.
Protein A, avidin, and biotin in immunohistochemistry. (1981)

Conjugated and unlabeled peroxidase antibody methods have proven to be quite satisfactory in localizing sites of antigen-antibody reaction. The use of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC), as well as protein A, can contribute significantly to the field of immunohistochemistry. The sensitivity and specificity of several immunohistochemical methods is compared. In general, the ABC method produced the most intense staining and the least background staining of any method tested. The unlabeled antibody (peroxidase-antiperoxidase: PAP) method also yielded satisfactory results, but it was less intense than the ABC method. In comparison to the PAP method, the indirect conjugated method presented slightly inferior staining intensities and significantly higher background staining. Protein A techniques produced a range of staining sensitivities similar to or inferior to the PAP technique. The main disadvantage in using protein A is that it reacts with intrinsic immunoglobulin (Ig) G, thus producing an intense background. Therefore, its use is not recommended on tissues that have either abundant immunoglobulins in their interstitium or numerous IgG-containing plasma cells.
Characterization of a bipotent erythro-megakaryocytic progenitor in human bone marrow (1996)

The aim of the present study was to determine if the human erythroid (E) and megakaryocytic (MK) lineages were closely linked to the existence of a bipotent burst-forming unit (BFU) E/MK progenitor. In methylcellulose cultures, BFU-E/MK colonies were observed at day 12 and closely resembled mature BFU-E with the exception that the erythroid component was surrounded by MK. These colonies were quite different from the colony forming unit (CFU)-GEMM-derived colonies, which were composed of a larger number of erythroblasts and which developed later in culture. The existence of these bilineage colonies composed of 100 to 1,000 erythroblasts intermingled with a few MK and without granulocytic cells was confirmed by the plasma clot technique and immunoalkaline phosphatase labeling of the MK. To investigate if this bipotent progenitor belonged to the compartment of primitive progenitors, CD34+ marrow cells were subfractionated according to expression of the CD38 antigen. The bipotent BFU-E/MK progenitor as well as a large fraction of MK progenitors were found in the CD34+ CD38+/- or in the CD34+ CD38- cell fractions. Growth of this bipotent BFU-E/MK progenitor required the combination of stem cell factor (SCF), Interleukin-3 (IL-3), and Epo in serum free conditions. Addition of IL-6 had only a marginal effect, whereas megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) was not an absolute requirement, but slightly increased the plating efficiency of CFU-MK and of BFU-E/MK progenitors when combined with SCF, IL-3, and Epo. In contrast, when these cultures were performed in the presence of 30% fetal calf serum, no BFU-E/MK colonies were observed irrespective of the combination of growth factors used, including the presence of MGDF; however, inclusion of the MS-5 cell line restored the growth of this bipotent progenitor. In contrast, in cultures performed in the presence of human normal or aplastic plasma, MS-5 had only a slight effect on the cloning efficiency but improved MK cytoplasmic maturation and MK size, suggesting that the main effect of MS-5 is to diminish the inhibitory effect of the fetal calf serum on the MK differentiation. The clonal origin of bipotent BFU-E/MK colonies was demonstrated in liquid culture of single CD34+ CD38low cells by immunophenotyping individual clones. At day 12, 30% of the clones contained erythroblasts (glycophorin A+) and some MK (CD41+) without granulocytes (G) or macrophages (M) (CD14+ and CD15+). At day 20, clones containing erythroblasts and MK were rare (5%). In contrast multilineage clones could be frequently detected at this time without passage from BFU-E/MK clones at day 12 to GEMM at day 20. These results suggest that a bipotent BFU-E/MK progenitor may be a nonrandom step in the hierarchical development of stem cells.
Acupuncture treatment of drug addiction (2004)

Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention has been widely used for treatment for many functional disorders, such as substances abuse and mental dysfunction. In general, acupuncture is known to be simple, economic; painless, non-traumatic, and without untoward reaction, being able to inhibit the abstinence syndrome. Although a number of studies on acupuncture have been reported, a few studies described acupuncture effect on drug addiction. Evidences suggest that substances abuses including nicotine, cocaine and alcohol are in part related to its effects on dopamine neurons in the reward pathways of the brain. The effects of acupuncture on drug addiction may be mediated through the neuronal cells within the limbic structures, which are known to be involved in rewarding properties of drug abuse. This essay reviews clinical and experimental evidences for its effectiveness on the drug addiction, and discusses a plausible explanation for the mechanism of acupuncture on substances abuse.
Pulmonary surfactant protein a in pleural effusions (1992)

Pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) is known to be a major phospholipid-associated glycoprotein in pulmonary surfactant, which is specific to the lung. Immunohistochemically, expression of SP-A in tumor tissues is found in approximately 50% of patients with lung adenocarcinoma but not in the other histologic types of lung cancer of metastatic lung tumors. In this study, the SP-A content of pleural effusions was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These results showed that approximately 40% of patients with lung adenocarcinomas (27 of 67) had high levels of SP-A (greater than 500 ng/ml) in their pleural effusions. By contrast, patients with other histologic types of lung cancers, adenocarcinomas of different primary sites, and tuberculosis had low levels of SP-A in their pleural effusions. The determination of SP-A in malignant effusions will contribute to distinguishing primary lung adenocarcinoma from adenocarcinomas of miscellaneous origin.
Scalable I/O forwarding framework for high-performance computing systems (2009)

Current leadership-class machines suffer from a significant imbalance between their computational power and their I/O bandwidth. While Moore's law ensures that the computational power of high-performance computing systems increases with every generation, the same is not true for their I/O subsystems. The scalability challenges faced by existing parallel file systems with respect to the increasing number of clients, coupled with the minimalistic compute node kernels running on these machines, call for a new I/O paradigm to meet the requirements of data-intensive scientific applications. I/O forwarding is a technique that attempts to bridge the increasing performance and scalability gap between the compute and I/O components of leadership-class machines by shipping I/O calls from compute nodes to dedicated I/O nodes. The I/O nodes perform operations on behalf of the compute nodes and can reduce file system traffic by aggregating, rescheduling, and caching I/O requests. This paper presents an open, scalable I/O forwarding framework for high-performance computing systems. We describe an I/O protocol and API for shipping function calls from compute nodes to I/O nodes, and we present a quantitative analysis of the overhead associated with I/O forwarding.
Understanding hypertriglyceridemia in women: clinical impact and management with prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters (2011)

Physicians should regularly monitor the lipid profile of their female patients. Any lipid abnormality should be managed promptly according to established guidelines. P-OM3 provide a well-tolerated option for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia.
The Coxibs, Selective Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase-2 (2001)

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat arthritis, menstrual pain, and headache. Although they are effective, their long-term use is limited by gastrointestinal effects such as dyspepsia and abdominal pain and, less often, gastric or duodenal perforation or bleeding. Development of the coxibs, a new group of antiinflammatory drugs, represents a response to the unsatisfactory therapeutic profile of NSAIDs. Both groups of drugs inhibit prostaglandin G/H synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of arachidonic acid to a range of lipid mediators, termed prostaglandins and thromboxanes (Figure 1). However, whereas NSAIDs inhibit the two recognized forms of the . . .
Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Insulin Resistance and Diabetes (2004)

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent and serious metabolic diseases in the world, and insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction are the hallmarks of the disease. In this study, we have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is provoked under diabetic conditions, plays a crucial role in the insulin resistance found in diabetes by modifying the expression of oxygen-regulated protein 150 (ORP150), a molecular chaperone that protects cells from ER stress. Sense ORP overexpression in the liver of obese diabetic mice significantly improved insulin resistance and markedly ameliorated glucose tolerance. Conversely, expression of antisense ORP150 in the liver of normal mice decreased insulin sensitivity. The phosphorylation state of IRS-1 and Akt, which are key molecules for insulin signaling, and the expression levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase, key enzymes of gluconeogenesis, were also altered by ORP150 overexpression. This is the first report showing that ER stress plays a crucial role in the insulin resistance found in diabetes and thus could be a potential therapeutic target for diabetes.
Role of PPARαand Its Agonist in Renal Diseases (2010)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, a member of a large nuclear receptor superfamily, plays a major role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Recently, PPARα activation has been shown to confer additional benefits on endothelial function, kidney function, and anti-inflammation, suggesting that PPARα agonists may be good candidates for treating acute renal failure. In clinical application, PPAR-α activators, such as hypolipidemic drugs in fibric acid class, were proven to have therapeutic effects on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. This paper focuses on signaling pathways, ligand selectivity, and physio-pathological roles of PPARα in kidney diseases and the therapeutic utility of PPARα modulators in the treatment of diabetes and inflammation-induced nephropathy. Implication of new and more potent PPAR-α activators could provide important insights into the overall benefits of activating PPAR-α clinically for the treatment of dyslipidemia and the prevention of diabetic or inflammation-induced nephropathy in the future.
Capillarity and Wetting of Carbon Nanotubes (1994)

The wetting and capillarity of carbon nanotubes were studied in detail here. Nanotubes are not "super-straws," although they can be wet and filled by substances having low surface tension, such as sulfur, selenium, and cesium, with an upper limit to this tension less than 200 millinewtons per meter. This limit implies that typical pure metals will not be drawn into the inner cavity of nanotubes through capillarity, whereas water and organic solvents will. These results have important implications for the further use of carbon nanotubes in experiments on a nanometer scale.