gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of arousal and sleep state on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in obstructive apnea (2000)

During obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), systemic (Psa) and pulmonary (Ppa) arterial pressures acutely increase after apnea termination, whereas left and right ventricular stroke volumes (SV) reach a nadir. In a canine model (n = 6), we examined the effects of arousal, parasympathetic blockade (atropine 1 mg/kg iv), and sleep state on cardiovascular responses to OSA. In the absence of arousal, SV remained constant after apnea termination, compared with a 4.4 +/- 1.7% decrease after apnea with arousal (P < 0.025). The rise in transmural Ppa was independent of arousal (4.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 4.1 +/- 1.2 mmHg with and without arousal, respectively), whereas Psa increased more after apnea termination in apneas with arousal compared with apneas without arousal. Parasympathetic blockade abolished the arousal-induced increase in Psa, indicating that arousal is associated with a vagal withdrawal of the parasympathetic tone to the heart. Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep blunted the increase in Psa (pre- to end-apnea: 5.6 +/- 2.3 mmHg vs. 10.3 +/- 1.6 mmHg, REM vs. non-REM, respectively, P < 0.025), but not transmural Ppa, during an obstructive apnea. We conclude that arousal and sleep state both have differential effects on the systemic and pulmonary circulation in OSA, indicating that, in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease, the hemodynamic consequences of OSA may be different for the right or the left side of the circulation.
Multi-DNA Extraction Chip Based on an Aluminum Oxide Membrane Integrated into a PDMS Microfluidic Structure (2005)

A novel microfluidic DNA extraction system was designed and fabricated using an AOM (aluminum oxide membrane) capture surface sandwiched between PDMS microfluidic channels in a parallel format. The completed system was tested with Lambda DNA mixed with the fluorescence dye SYBR Green I. Following extraction, the surface of AOM was examined with fluorescence microscopy while still embedded in the microfluidic system. Successful extraction and immobilization of DNA on the AOM was observed in almost every separation chamber. This microsystem has potential applications in high-throughput DNA extraction and analysis, with the capability to be integrated into polymer-based microfluidics systems.
Extended haplotypes in the complement factor H (CFH) and CFH‐related (CFHR) family of genes protect against age‐related macular degeneration: Characterization, ethnic distribution and evolutionary implications (2006)

The absence of CFHR1 and/or CFHR3 may account for the protective effects conferred by some CFH haplotypes. Moreover, the high frequencies of the 402H allele and the delCFHR1/CFHR3 alleles in African populations suggest an ancient origin for these alleles. The considerable diversity accumulated at this locus may be due to selection, which is consistent with an important role for the CFHR genes in innate immunity.
Current methodologies for a sustainable approach to π-conjugated organic semiconductors (2016)

The development of waste minimized and clean synthetic methodologies to afford polymeric semiconductors is essential for the successful commercialization of opto-electronic devices.
Shape-Persistent Nanosize Organometallic Complexes:  Synthesis and Application in a Nanofiltration Membrane Reactor (2002)

Shape-persistent multi(NCN-palladium and/or -platinum) complexes having one- (5 and 6), two- (1 and 2), and three-dimensional (3 and 4) geometries were prepared in moderate to good yields. Two different approaches were used to construct the multimetallic materials: (i) the construction of the multisite ligands followed by the permetalation step and (ii) selective and mild one-pot coupling of monometallic buiding blocks to a multifunctional shape-persistent organic core molecule. The first approach was used to prepare the palladated and/or platinated tris- (2) and bis(NCN-pincer) (5) complexes, while the second approach afforded the palladated and platinated octakis- (3) and dodecakis(NCN-pincer) (4) complexes. Complexes 1-6 were subjected to nanofiltration (NF) experiments in order to investigate the influence of rigidity and geometry on the retention of these molecules by NF membranes. For this purpose, the corresponding (NCN-Pt-X)(n)() complexes (1c-4c, 5, and 6) were used since exposing these complexes to sulfur dioxide in solution resulted in the formation of bright orange complexes, allowing the use of UV/vis spectroscopy to accurately determine the concentrations of 1-6 in both retentate and permeate. Using the MPF-60 (MWCO = 400) NF-membrane, retention rates of 82.4 (6), 93.9 (1c), 98.7 (2c), 99.5 (3c), 99.6 (5), and >99.9% (4c) were found, while 2c and 4c in combination with the MPF-50 (MWCO = 700) NF-membrane were retained in 97.6 and 99.9%, respectively. A clear relationship is observed between the dimensions calculated by molecular modeling and the retention rates of 1-6. The one-dimensional bis(pincer-platinum) complex 5, however, shows an unexpectedly high retention rate (99.6%) that can be due to precipitation of the complex in the membrane (clogging of the membrane) and/or to the formation of larger aggregates near the membrane. In addition, comparison of 2 and 4 with flexible nickelated G0- and G1-dendrimers with similar dimensions proved that a high degree of rigidity in the backbone of macromolecular complexes indeed leads to more efficient retentions of these multimetallic materials by NF-membranes.
Structure-Based Design of Tetrahydroisoquinoline-7-carboxamides as Selective Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) Inhibitors (2016)

The structure-based design of 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as selective DDR1 inhibitors is reported. One of the representative compounds, 6j, binds to DDR1 with a Kd value of 4.7 nM and suppresses its kinase activity with an IC50 value of 9.4 nM, but it is significantly less potent for a panel of 400 nonmutated kinases. 6j also demonstrated reasonable pharmacokinetic properties and a promising oral therapeutic effect in a bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model.
Why M Heads are Better than One: Training a Diverse Ensemble of Deep Networks (2015)

Convolutional Neural Networks have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of tasks. Most benchmarks are led by ensembles of these powerful learners, but ensembling is typically treated as a post-hoc procedure implemented by averaging independently trained models with model variation induced by bagging or random initialization. In this paper, we rigorously treat ensembling as a first-class problem to explicitly address the question: what are the best strategies to create an ensemble? We first compare a large number of ensembling strategies, and then propose and evaluate novel strategies, such as parameter sharing (through a new family of models we call TreeNets) as well as training under ensemble-aware and diversity-encouraging losses. We demonstrate that TreeNets can improve ensemble performance and that diverse ensembles can be trained end-to-end under a unified loss, achieving significantly higher "oracle" accuracies than classical ensembles.
Microvascular blood flow and skin temperature changes in the fingers following a deep inspiratory gasp (2002)

The aims of this study were to quantify the changes in finger pulp skin temperature, laser Doppler flow (LDF, microvascular flux) and photoplethysmogram (PPG, microvascular blood volume pulsatility), induced by a deep inspiration in healthy subjects, and to investigate the repeatability of these responses within a measurement session and between measurement sessions on separate days. A system comprising an electronic thermometer, a laser Doppler flowmeter and a PPG amplifier measured simultaneous vasoconstrictor responses to a deep inspiratory gasp from three adjacent fingers of one hand. Clearly defined responses were obtained in 15 of the 17 subjects studied. Skin temperature fell in all of these subjects after each gasp, with a median fall of 0.089 degrees C (P < 0.001). The median value of LDF flux reduction was 93% (P < 0.001) indicating a momentary almost complete shut-down of microvascular blood flow; and PPG also showed a large response relative to pulse amplitude of 2.6 (P < 0.001). The median times for waveforms to reach their minimum were 4.6 s (PPG), 6.3 s (LDF) and 29.1 s (skin pulp temperature), with median delays between minima of LDF and PPG of 1.6 s (P < 0.001) and skin temperature and PPG of 23.5 s (P < 0.001). The vascular responses of skin temperature, LDF and PPG to an inspiratory gasp were repeatable, with temperature change repeatable to within 10% of the median subject change.
The Gastric H+,K+-ATPase: The Site of Action of Omeprazole (1989)

The mammalian parietal cell is dedicated to the secretion of HCl in response to various stimuli and second messengers. Oxidative metabolism in the cell increases about 10-fold in order to supply ATP to the gastric proton pump, the H+,K+-ATPase. This pump appears to be present only in the parietal cell. This membrane-embedded enzyme uses the scalar energy of ATP hydrolysis to carry out the vectorial transport of H+ in one direction in exchange for K+ in the other direction. In the cytoplasmic vesicle, K+ does not permeate the membrane, whereas in the secretory canaliculus, there is a Cl- channel and a KCl cotransport pathway which allow K+ and Cl- to exit from the cell. The K+ is then recycled back into the cell by the ATPase, and H+ secretion occurs into the canalicular space. Although there are other proton pumps, only the gastric H+,K+-ATPase has this exchange mechanism and only the gastric H+,K+-ATPase is able to generate a pH of less than 4. Thus the gastric proton pump has a unique structure and mechanism, and produces a unique luminal pH. This enzyme is therefore an appropriate target for rational drug design.
γ-Pyrones by Isomerization. Substituted 3,5-Dibenzyl-4H-pyran-4-ones (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTγ-Pyrones by Isomerization. Substituted 3,5-Dibenzyl-4H-pyran-4-onesNelson J. Leonard and Debabrata ChoudhuryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 1, 156–160Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01558a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01558a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Las actas del coloquio "Guaman Poma y Blas Valera. Tradición Andina e Historia Colonial": nuevas pistas de investigación. Una nota (2002)

Platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival among patients with lung tumors, in particular non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But the predicament of drug resistance in NSCLC patients is frustrating us. The profiles of microRNAs are different between platinum chemotherapy resistant and sensitive NSCLC cells. Researches regarding microRNAs and their targets, in platinum drug resistant cases, illuminate novel ideals for platinum-based chemotherapy for NSCLC patients. Therefore, in this review we will focus on three aspects: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell proliferation and apoptosis, and the roles of microRNAs in cisplatin (CDDP) and carboplatin (CBP) resistance.
The effect of fumaric acid esters and dithranol on acanthosis and hyperproliferation in psoriasis vulgaris. (1996)

In this study we investigated the histological changes, regression of acanthosis and rate of proliferation, that accompany the healing of psoriatic lesions after fumaric acid esters and dithranol treatment. Biopsies were taken before and during therapy as well as from neighbouring untreated, clinically uninvolved skin and healthy, non-psoriatic volunteers. Specimens were assessed using computer-supported image analysis and immunohistology. The parameters primarily examined were the height of the rete pegs and of the epithelium above the papillary body, the rate of proliferation, the actual number of cells in the two epidermal compartments and the cellular density in the epidermis. Both fumaric acid esters and dithranol reduce the degree of acanthosis; however, the mechanism and the rate of the reduction differ. While under fumaric acid esters the reduction is more rapid at first but subsequently slows down, dithranol leads to a slow but steady decrease of epidermal thickness, so that at the end of our study the degree of acanthosis was less under dithranol. As an underlying mechanism of action, we found that fumaric acid esters reduce the rate of proliferation and thereby decrease the number of cells per rete peg as well as the size of the individual keratinocytes. Dithranol in contrast does not reduce cell renewal. The decrease of the number of cells in the rete pegs might be caused by an increased differentiation time.
Engineered chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T cells for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2014)

Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells is under investigation as an approach to restore productive T cell immunosurveillance in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Early findings demonstrate safety of this cell-based therapy and the capacity of CAR-expressing T cells to mediate anti-tumor activity as well as induce endogeneous antitumoral immune responses.
Pattern-Based Detection of Different Proteins Using an Array of Fluorescent Protein Surface Receptors (2004)

A small library of porphyrin derivatives whose fluorescence emission changes on binding to protein surfaces has been developed as a protein "fingerprinting" array. When incubated with different proteins, the array yields a characteristic response, specific for every protein analyte. At the same time, this design allows for the rapid screening of the porphyrin library for the identification of high affinity protein surface ligands.
Analysis of intrapulmonary O2concentration by MR imaging of inhaled hyperpolarized helium-3 (1999)

Inhalation of hyperpolarized 3 He allows magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of ventilated airspaces. 3 He hyperpolarization decays more rapidly when interacting with paramagnetic O 2 . We describe a method for in vivo determination of intrapulmonary O 2 concentrations ([O 2 ]) based on MRI analysis of the fate of measured amounts of inhaled hyperpolarized 3 He in imaged regions of the lung. Anesthetized pigs underwent controlled normoventilation in a 1.5-T MRI unit. The inspired O 2 fraction was varied to achieve different end-tidal [O 2 ] fractions ([Formula: see text]). With the use of a specifically designed applicator, 3 He (100 ml, 35–45% polarized) was administered at a predefined time within single tidal volumes. During subsequent inspiratory apnea, serial two-dimensional images of airways and lungs were acquired. At least once in each animal studied, the radio-frequency excitation used for imaging was doubled at constant[Formula: see text]. Signal intensity measurements in regions of interest of the animals' lungs (volume range, 54–294 cm 3 ), taken at two different radio-frequency excitations, permitted calculation of [O 2 ] in these regions of interest. The [O 2 ] fractions in the regions of interest correlated closely with[Formula: see text]( R = 0.879; P &lt; 0.0001). O 2 -sensitive 3 He-MRI may allow noninvasive study of regional distribution of ventilation and alveolar[Formula: see text] in the lung.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Chiral α-Amino and α-Hydroxy Esters at Room Temperature with Nishimura Catalyst without Racemization (2001)

The hydrogenation of carboxylic acid derivatives at room temperature was investigated. With a mixed Rh/Pt oxide (Nishimura catalyst), low to medium activity was observed for various α-amino and α-hydroxy esters. At 100 bar hydrogen pressure and 10% catalysts loading, high yields of the desired amino alcohols and diols were obtained without racemization. The most suitable α-substituents were NH2, NHR, and OH, whereas β-NH2 were less effective. Usually, aromatic rings were also hydrogenated, but with the free bases of amino acids as substrates, some selectivity was observed. No reaction was found for α-NR2, α-OR, and unfunctionalized esters; acids and amides were also not reduced under these conditions. A working hypothesis for the mode of action of the catalyst is presented.
Automatic and Deliberate Affective Associations with Sexual Stimuli in Women with Superficial Dyspareunia (2008)

Current views suggest that in women with superficial dyspareunia the prospect of penile-vaginal intercourse automatically activates fear-related associations. The automatic activation of negative associations is assumed to interfere with the development of sexual arousal. In turn, this may further aggravate the dyspareunia-related complaints. To assess whether automatic negative associations are involved in this sexual pain disorder, women with superficial dyspareunia (n = 35) and a control group (n = 35) completed a modified pictorial Affective Simon Task (AST). Questioning the role of dysfunctional automatic associations in superficial dyspareunia, the AST indicated that symptomatic women displayed relatively positive rather than negative automatic associations with sexual stimuli. At the self-report level, however, affective associations with sex cues were significantly more negative for women with dyspareunia than for controls. This discrepancy between "reflective" and "reflexive" affective associations with sexual stimuli in women with dyspareunia points to the relevance of conscious appraisal and deliberate rather than automatic processes in the onset and maintenance of dyspareunia.
Characterizing Daylight Photosensor System Performance to Help Overcome Market Barriers (2000)

(2000). Characterizing Daylight Photosensor System Performance to Help Overcome Market Barriers. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 101-115.
TCTP increases stability of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α by interaction with and degradation of the tumour suppressor VHL (2013)

These data have demonstrated that TCTP binds to the β domain of VHL through competition with HIF1α, which promotes VHL degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and HIF1α stability.
Introduction (2012)

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21 Advances in Gene Therapy for HIV and Other Viral Infections (1999)

Gene therapies and other treatment approaches to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease are rapidly evolving in the context of several recent developments. Although the mechanisms that perturb T-cell homeostasis in HIV disease remain enigmatic, much has been gained from quantitative modelling of the dynamics of HIV replication in vivo (Embretson et al. 1993; Pantaleo et al. 1993; Piatak et al. 1993; Coffin 1995; Ho et al. 1995; Wei et al. 1995; Haase et al. 1996; Perelson et al. 1996, 1997; Cavert et al. 1997). These insights were enabled in part by a second discovery: HIV replication can be potently and durably suppressed in vivo in many patients by combining previously marginally effective reverse transcriptase inhibitors with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors, which are peptidomimetic transition state analogs that were designed from knowledge of the crystal structure of this enzyme (Gulick et al. 1997; Hammer et al. 1997). In addition, the long-sought coreceptors to CD4 have been identified, a discovery that has yielded a coherent molecular explanation for how HIV infects varied cell types in vivo and imparted conceptual clarity to what was previously a murky phenomenology of viral phenotypes. This burst of discoveries about chemokines and chemokine receptors has also revealed the first convincing evidence for a link between a human genetic mutation and resistance to HIV infection. All of these findings have important implications for the potential of gene therapy for HIV disease. HIV is a lentiretrovirus with specialized ability to infect nondividing and postmitotic cells permanently. It...
Rhodamine-123 Selectively Reduces Clonal Growth of Carcinoma Cells in Vitro (1982)

Rhodamine-123, a cationic laser dye, markedly reduced the clonal growth of carcinoma cells but had little effect on nontumorigenic epithelial cells in vitro. This selective inhibitory effect of Rhodamine-123 on some carcinomas is unusual since known anticancer drugs, such as arabinosyl cytosine and methotrexate, have not been shown to exhibit such selectivity in vitro.
Inhibition of a Model of In Vitro Granuloma Formation by Tetracyclines and Ciprofloxacin (1994)

<h3>Background and Design:</h3> Granulomatous inflammation is a common component of many diseases. In this study the ability of commonly used antibiotics to inhibit an in vitro model of granuloma formation were studied. The effect of protein kinase C inhibition in this system was also investigated. <h3>Results:</h3> Ampicillin, cephalothin, metronidazole, rifampin, isoniazide, erythromycin, and clindamycin were inactive in inhibiting granuloma formation. Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and ciprofloxacin produced dose-dependent inhibition of the granuloma model in concentrations between 10<sup>-4</sup>and 10<sup>-6</sup>mol/L. The approximate order of decending potency was doxycycline equals minocycline greater than tetracycline greater than ciprofloxacin. The same drugs were tested for the ability to inhibit protein kinase C. Drugs inactive in the granuloma model had no effect on protein kinase C activity. The tetracyclines and ciprofloxacin all caused a dose-dependent inhibition of protein kinase C activity in the same order of relative potency as was found for inhibition of granuloma formation. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> These data demonstrate a previously unappreciated activity of the tetracyclines and ciprofloxacin. Inhibition of granuloma formation helps to account for the activity of these drugs in the severest forms of inflammatory acne. (Arch Dermatol. 1994;130:748-752)