gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of antithyroid drugs on intercellular mediators (1990)

The antithyroid drugs methimazole and propylthiouracil have been shown to affect the function of monocytes and B and T lymphocytes in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism responsible for signalling between these various cell types. Propranolol, a drug known to have no effect on the immune system, was also included as a control against which the effects of the other drugs could be monitored. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from control subjects were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin in the presence or absence of antithyroid drugs. Propranolol was found significantly to inhibit beta 2 microglobulin production. In addition it was also found to be a very weak scavenger of free oxygen radicals. Methimazole significantly increased interleukin 2 levels (p less than 0.01), but had no significant effect on either gamma-interferon or beta 2 microglobulin production. Propylthiouracil also increased interleukin 2 levels (p less than 0.001) and significantly decreased beta 2 microglobulin production (p less than 0.01). Both drugs were found to be scavengers of free O2 radicals. It would appear that IL-2 is involved in intercellular signalling and this process may involve free radicals.
Control of application specific interconnection on gate arrays using an active checkerboard test structure (2005)

To control interconnection layers' integrity on application specific gate arrays, a novel active checkerboard test structure (ACTS) is presented. Here, the total gate array area will be divided into distinguishable small subchips, each containing basic layout elements like different sized serpentine lines or via strings. The precise separation and localization of these test structure elements inside the subchips enable versatile classification of interconnection faults, additional defect parameter extraction, and defect statistics.
Replication Fitness and NS5B Drug Sensitivity of Diverse Hepatitis C Virus Isolates Characterized by Using a Transient Replication Assay (2005)

The innate genetic variability characteristic of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection makes drug resistance a concern in the clinical development of HCV inhibitors. To address this, a transient replication assay was developed to evaluate the replication fitness and the drug sensitivity of NS5B sequences isolated from the sera of patients with chronic HCV infection. This novel assay directly compares replication between NS5B isolates, thus bypassing the potential sequence and metabolic differences which may arise with independent replicon cell lines. Patient-derived NS5B sequences were similar to those of the established HCV genotypes, but isolates from each patient shared genetic variability specific to that patient, with additional genetic variability observed across the individual isolates. Every sample provided functional NS5B isolates which supported subgenomic replication, frequently to levels comparable to that of laboratory-optimized replicons. All isolates were equivalently sensitive to an active-site nucleoside inhibitor, but the sensitivities to a panel of nonnucleoside inhibitors which targeted three distinct sites on NS5B varied among the isolates. In con1, the original laboratory-optimized replicon, the NS5B S282T substitution confers resistance to the nucleoside inhibitor but impairs replication. This substitution was engineered into both genotype 1a and genotype 1b isolates. Replication was severely debilitated, demonstrating that no compensatory residues were encoded within these genetically diverse sequences to increase the replication fitness of the mutated replicons. This work describes a transient replicon-based assay that can support the clinical development of compounds which target NS5B and demonstrates its utility by examining several patient-derived NS5B isolates for replication fitness and differential sensitivity to NS5B inhibitors.
TENSEGRITY: THE ARCHITECTURAL BASIS OF CELLULAR MECHANOTRANSDUCTION (1997)

Physical forces of gravity, hemodynamic stresses, and movement play a critical role in tissue development. Yet, little is known about how cells convert these mechanical signals into a chemical response. This review attempts to place the potential molecular mediators of mechanotransduction (e.g. stretch-sensitive ion channels, signaling molecules, cytoskeleton, integrins) within the context of the structural complexity of living cells. The model presented relies on recent experimental findings, which suggests that cells use tensegrity architecture for their organization. Tensegrity predicts that cells are hard-wired to respond immediately to mechanical stresses transmitted over cell surface receptors that physically couple the cytoskeleton to extracellular matrix (e.g. integrins) or to other cells (cadherins, selectins, CAMs). Many signal transducing molecules that are activated by cell binding to growth factors and extracellular matrix associate with cytoskeletal scaffolds within focal adhesion complexes. Mechanical signals, therefore, may be integrated with other environmental signals and transduced into a biochemical response through force-dependent changes in scaffold geometry or molecular mechanics. Tensegrity also provides a mechanism to focus mechanical energy on molecular transducers and to orchestrate and tune the cellular response.
Planning for Change (1995)

These proceedings contain 11 refereed papers and 2 symposia in which researchers and practitioners share research findings focusing on the link between research and practice in adult, continuing, and community education.
Identification of the apparent carrier in mycolic acid synthesis. (1994)

The mycolic acids are large (C70-90) alpha-alkyl, beta-hydroxy fatty acids and are the major determinants of the mycobacterial cell wall's impermeable barrier. The biosynthesis of mycolic acids is barely understood (they are probably the products of specialized elongation and Claisen-type condensation), and yet their synthesis is the site of action of several mainline antituberculosis drugs. We describe the isolation from Mycobacterium smegmatis and the full characterization of a 6-O-mycolyl-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-1-monophosphoryl-3,7,11,15,19,23 ,27- heptamethyl-(2Z,6E,10E)-octacosatrien-1-ol . The identification of a mycolyl-mannosylphosphopolyprenol supported by cell-free labeling experiments and earlier literature suggests unusual biochemical pathways in which mature mycolic acids are formed from beta-oxo precursors while attached to a mannosyl-P-polyprenol, in which form they are transported through the membrane prior to final deposition as arabinan-bound mycolates.
Detection of Sphingomonas spp in soil by PCR and sphingolipid biomarker analysis (1999)

Sphingomonas spp possess unique abilities to degrade refractory contaminants and are found ubiquitously in the environment. We developed Sphingomonas genus-specific PCR primers (SPf-190 and SPr1-852) which showed specific amplification of a 627-bp 16S rDNA fragment from Sphingomonas spp. A PCR assay using these Sphingomonas specific primers was developed to detect Sphingomonas aromaticivorans B0695R in three texturally distinct soil types, showing detection limits between 1.3-2.2 x 10(3) CFU g(-1) dry soil. A sphingolipid extraction protocol was also developed to monitor Sphingomonas populations in soil quantitatively. The detection limit of the assay was 20 pmol g(-1) dry soil, equivalent to about 3 x 10(5) cells g(-1) dry soil. Survival of S. aromaticivorans B0695R was monitored in the three different soils by antibiotic selective plate counting, PCR and sphingolipid analysis. All three approaches showed that the B0695R cells persisted in the low biomass Sequatchie sub-soil at about 3-5 x 10(7)cells g(-1) dry soil. In comparison to the plate counting assay, both the PCR and sphingolipid analysis detected a significantly higher level of B0695R cells in the clay soil and Sequatchie top-soil, indicating the possibility of the presence of viable but non-culturable B0695R cells in the soils. The combination of PCR and sphingolipid analysis may provide a more realistic estimation of Sphingomonas population in the environment.
Cooperative Sensing for Primary Detection in Cognitive Radio (2008)

One of the main requirements of cognitive radio systems is the ability to reliably detect the presence of licensed primary transmissions. Previous works on the problem of detection for cognitive radio have suggested the necessity of user cooperation in order to be able to detect at the low signal-to-noise ratios experienced in practical situations. We consider a system of cognitive radio users who cooperate with each other in trying to detect licensed transmissions. Assuming that the cooperating nodes use identical energy detectors, we model the received signals as correlated log-normal random variables and study the problem of fusing the decisions made by the individual nodes. We design a linear-quadratic (LQ) fusion strategy based on a deflection criterion for this problem, which takes into account the correlation between the nodes. Using simulations we show that when the observations at the sensors are correlated, the LQ detector significantly outperforms the counting rule, which is the fusion rule that is obtained by ignoring the correlation.
Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits tube formation of vascular endothelial cellsin vitro (1991)

We previously have described a quantitative angiogenesis in vitro model, in which endothelial cells are cultured between two layers of type I collagen gel and become organized into tube-like structures. Using this model, the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) on tube formation was investigated. When the endothelial cells isolated from bovine carotid artery were treated for 2 days with 5 micrograms/mL of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), these polyunsaturated fatty acids were extensively incorporated into cellular phospholipids. The context of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid increased from 9.58% to 23.29%, from 0.98% to 11.76% and from 6.88% to 18.40%, respectively. When the eicosapentaenoic acid-treated cells were cultured between collagen gels, the tube-forming ability of the cell was markedly inhibited. The inhibition was dose-dependent between 1.0 and 5.0 micrograms/mL of eicosapentaenoic acid. At 5.0 micrograms/mL of eicosapentaenoic acid the inhibition reached 76%. By contrast, arachidonic acid increased tube formation, and docosahexaenoic acid had no effect. To elucidate the mechanism of eicosapentaenoic acid induced inhibition of in vitro tube formation, we examined the effect of the acid on the proliferation of endothelial cells. Eicosapentaenoic acid at any dose (less than 5.0 micrograms/mL) had no effect on the proliferation of endothelial cells cultured on plastic plates without collagen gel. However, when the cells were cultured between collagen gels, eicosapentaenoic acid inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner with maximum inhibition being observed at 2.5 micrograms/mL. These data suggest that eicosapentaenoic acid suppresses tube formation of endothelial cells,at least in part, via its inhibitory effect on cellular proliferation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis oil over hzsm-5 (1993)

The upgrading of bio-oil, obtained by fast pyrolysis of maple wood, was studied over HZSM-5 in a fixed bed micro-reactor operated at atmospheric pressure and in the temperature range 330-425°C. The objective of upgrading was to maximize the amount of organic distillate product with a high yield of aromatic hydrocarbons. A maximum organic distillate of 38 wt.% of bio-oil, which represented 28.6 wt.% of wood, was obtained at 370°C. The yield of aromatic hydrocarbons was 19.9 wt.% of wood. Above 400°C, nearly 50 wt.% of the bio-oil was converted to coke and char. The conversion of non-volatile components of the bio-oil (pitch) to volatiles was at a maximum of 68 wt. % at 370°C. However, when the bio-oil was co-processed with tetralin, the maximum conversion of non-volatiles increased to 86 wt.% at 410°C and the amounts of coke and char decreased. The yield of aromatic hydrocarbons also decreased to a maximum of 10.3 wt. % of wood. The role of tetralin was mainly as a diluent and not as a hydrogen donor solvent. On a étudié la mise en valeur ďune huile biologique, obtenue par pyrolyse rapide du bois ďérable, sur un catalyseur HZSM-5 dans un micro-réacteur à lit fixe fonctionnant ° la pression atmosphérique et à des températures comprises entre 330 et 425°C. Le but de la valorisation était de maximiser la quantité de distillat organique tout en obtenant un fort rendement en hydrocarbures aromatiques. Un distillat organique maximum de 38% en poids ďhuile biologique, représentant 28,6% en poids de bois, a été obtenu à 370°C. Le rendement des hydrocarbures aromatiques est de 19,9% en poids de bois. Au-dessus de 400°C, près de 50% en poids ďhuile biologique est convertie en coke et en produit de carbonisation. La conversion des composants non volatils de ľhuile biologique (brai) en volatils a lieu à un maximum de 69% en poids à 370°C. Cependant, lorsque ďhuile est cotraitée avec de la tétraline, la conversion maximale des non-volatils atteint 86% en poids à 410°C et les quantités de coke et de produits de carbonisation diminuent. Le rendement en hydrocarbures aromatiques décroǐt également pour se situer à 10,3% en poids maximum de bois. La tétraline agit essentiellement comme diluant et non comme un solvant distributeur ďhydrogène.
Quantitatively Determined Survivin Expression Levels Are of Prognostic Value in Human Gliomas (2002)

Survivin positivity and protein expression levels, as determined quantitatively, are of significant prognostic value in human gliomas and seem to be associated with reduced apoptotic capacity of these tumors.
Terabus: Terabit/Second-Class Card-Level Optical Interconnect Technologies (2006)

In the "Terabus" optical interconnect program, optical data bus technologies are developed that will support terabit/second chip-to-chip data transfers over organic cards within high-performance servers, switch routers, and other intensive computing systems. A complete technology set is developed for this purpose, based on a chip-like optoelectronic packaging structure (Optochip), assembled directly onto an organic card (Optocard). Vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and photodiode arrays (4times12) are flip-chip bonded to the driver and receiver IC arrays implemented in 0.13-mum CMOS. The IC arrays are in turn flip-chip assembled onto a 1.2-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> silicon carrier interposer to complete the transmitter and receiver Optochips. The organic Optocard incorporates 48 parallel multimode optical waveguides on a 62.5-mum pitch. A simple scheme for optical coupling between the Optochip and the Optocard is developed, based on a single-lens array etched onto the backside of the optoelectronic arrays and on 45deg mirrors in the waveguides. Transmitter and receiver operation is demonstrated up to 20 and 14 Gb/s per channel, respectively. The power dissipation of 10-Gb/s single-channel links over multimode fiber is as low as 50 mW
Effects of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), CYP2E1 and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genotypes on the serum concentrations of isoniazid and metabolites in tuberculosis patients (2008)

For the purpose of a side-effect monitoring of isoniazid (INH), we investigated the relationship between the genotypes of drug-metabolizing enzymes involved in INH metabolism and the serum concentrations of INH and its metabolites in 129 tuberculosis patients hospitalizing in the National Hospital Organization Chiba-East Hospital. Genotype distributions of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), CYP2E1*5B, CYP2E1*6, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1 and GST T1 were similar to those already reported in Japanese populations. Acetylating pathway of INH to acetyl isoniazid (AcINH) tended to shift to the hydrolytic pathway generating hydrazine (Hz) with the increase of mutant alleles in NAT2 gene. Serum concentration of Hz was significantly higher in slow acetylators than in rapid acetylators of NAT2. And also, serum concentration of Hz was significantly higher in the group that showed a high concentration of rifampicin (RFP) than in which RFP was not detected. The effect of CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms on the serum concentration of Hz was rarely observed, while that of GST gene polymorphism was observed in intermediate acetylators of NAT2. Hz tended to accumulate in patients with GST M1 null genotype. Therefore, it is conceivable that the risk factors of Hz accumulation are as follows: NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype, high concentration of serum RFP, and GST M1 null genotype. In these cases, we think it's necessary to pay attention to the development of hepatic disorder caused by Hz.
Interleukin-12 synergizes with interleukin-3 and steel factor to enhance recovery of murine hemopoietic stem cells in liquid culture. (1993)

Interleukin 12 (IL-12; natural killer cell stimulatory factor, NKSF; cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor, CLMF) was studied for its effects on the survival and generation of hemopoietic progenitors (CFU-C, CAFC day 7-14) and long-term culture initiating stem cells (CAFC day 28-35) by post-5-fluorouracil (FU) bone marrow cells (BM) in low-serum liquid culture. Previous data have shown that IL-12 may act as a potent synergistic factor stimulating multilineage expression of hemopoietic stem cells in the presence of IL-3 in combination with Steel factor (SF) or IL-11. IL-12 or IL-11 alone did not support CFU-C production in liquid culture of a low-density fraction of day-6 post-FU BM. IL-11 and SF showed potent synergy with IL-3 to augment output CFU-C numbers and support CAFC-28/35 maintenance; SF as a single factor, or in combination with IL-11 or IL-12, allowed low recovery of CFU-C and all CAFC subsets. IL-12 synergized with IL-3, and with IL-3 + SF, to moderately increase progenitor production in liquid cultures. Similarly, survival and generation of the primitive CAFC-28/35 was consistently increased when IL-12 was used in combination with IL-3, or IL-3 + SF. The combination of 3, SF and 12 supported a significantly higher recovery of CAFC-35 than did the combination of 3, SF and 11, and CAFC-35 were numerically expanded during culture. Furthermore, IL-12 acted synergistically with IL-3 to enhance CFU-C output over a prolonged period using progenitor-depleted 3-day post-FU BM. These data show that IL-12 interacts with IL-3 and SF to regulate survival and growth of myeloid stem cells and progenitor cells.
The role of collagen in wound healing. (2000)

Original article can be found at: http://www.professionalnurse.net/ Copyright Austen Cornish / EMAP [Full text of this article is not available in the UHRA]
Contextualized Access to Electronical Health Records in Cardiology (2011)

In this paper, we propose a new approach for accessing the electronical health records (EHR), and we apply it to the cardiology medical specialty. Though the use of EHR improves the storage and access to the information in it regarding the previous health records in papers, it entails the risk of having the same problems of huge size and of becoming inoperative and really difficult to handle, especially if the user is looking for a specific data item. Our proposal is based on the contextualization of the access, providing the user with the most important information for the assistance act in which he/she is involved. To do this, we define the set of possible contexts and consider different aspects of the pertinence of the documents to each context. We do it by using fuzzy logic and pay special attention to the efficiency, due to the huge size of the involved databases. Our proposal does not limit the access to the EHR, but establishes a prioritization based on the access needs, which provides the system with an additional advantage, easily enabling the use of new terminals and devices like tablet PCs and PDAs, which have great limitations in the interfaces.
B cell activation biomarkers as predictive factors for the response to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis: A six‐month, national, multicenter, open‐label study (2011)

The presence of RF or anti-CCP antibodies and elevated IgG are 2 simple biomarkers that can be used routinely before therapy to predict response to rituximab in patients with refractory RA.
Design and analysis of turbo codes on Rayleigh fading channels (1998)

The performance and design of turbo codes using coherent BPSK signaling on the Rayleigh fading channel is considered. In low signal-to-noise regions, performance analysis uses simulations of typical turbo coding systems. For higher signal-to-noise regions beyond simulation capabilities, an average upper bound is used in which the average is over all possible interleaving schemes. Fully interleaved and exponentially correlated Rayleigh channels are explored. Furthermore, the design issues relevant to turbo codes are examined for the correlated fading channel. Turbo interleaver design criteria are developed and architectural modifications are proposed for improved performance.
Complete primary structure of thermitase from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and its structural features related to the subtilisin‐type proteinases (1985)

Thermitase, a thermostable alkaline proteinase, consists of a single polypeptide chain, containing 279 amino acid residues ( M r = 28 369). The enzyme shows remarkable structural features of proteinases of the subtilisin type as shown by pronounced sequential homologies. The amino acid replacements, insertions and deletions observed when the amino acid sequence of the enzyme is compared with the sequences of several subtilisins are discussed with respect to substrate specificity and expected tertiary structure. The existence of a cysteinecontaining subgroup of subtilisin‐like proteinases is postulated.
Tuning the Hemolytic and Antibacterial Activities of Amphiphilic Polynorbornene Derivatives (2004)

Amphiphilic cationic polynorbornene derivatives, soluble in water, were prepared from modular norbornene monomers, with a wide range of molecular weights (M(n) = 1600-137 500 g/mol) and narrow polydispersities (PDI = 1.1-1.3). The antibacterial activity determined by growth inhibition assays and the hemolytic activity against human red blood cells were measured and compared to determine the selectivity of the polymers for bacterial over mammalian cells. The effects of monomer repeat unit hydrophobicity and polymer molecular weight on antibacterial and hemolytic activities were determined. The hydrophobicity of the repeat unit was observed to have dramatic effects on antibacterial and hemolytic activities. Lipid membrane disruption activities of the polymers was confirmed by measuring polymer-induced dye leakage from large unilamellar vesicles. By tuning the overall hydrophobicity of the polymer through random copolymerizations of modular norbornene derivatives, highly selective, nonhemolytic antibacterial activities were obtained. For appropriate monomer composition, selectivity against bacteria versus human red blood cells was determined to be over 100.