gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal Structural and Functional Repair in a Mouse Model of Reversal of Ureteral Obstruction (2005)

The end point of immune and nonimmune renal injury typically involves glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Although numerous studies have focused on the events that lead to renal fibrosis, less is known about the mechanisms that promote cellular repair and tissue remodeling. Described is a model of renal injury and repair after the reversal of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in male C57bl/6J mice. Male mice (20 to 25 g) underwent 10 d of UUO with or without 1, 2, 4, or 6 wk of reversal of UUO (R-UUO). UUO resulted in cortical tubular cell atrophy and tubular dilation in conjunction with an almost complete ablation of the outer medulla. This was associated with interstitial macrophage infiltration; increased hydroxyproline content; and upregulated type I, III, IV, and V collagen expression. The volume density of kidney occupied by renal tubules that exhibited a brush border was measured as an assessment of the degree of repair after R-UUO. After 6 wk of R-UUO, there was an increase in the area of kidney occupied by repaired tubules (83.7 +/- 5.9%), compared with 10 d UUO kidneys (32.6 +/- 7.3%). This coincided with reduced macrophage numbers, decreased hydroxyproline content, and reduced collagen accumulation and interstitial matrix expansion, compared with obstructed kidneys from UUO mice. GFR in the 6-wk R-UUO kidneys was restored to 43 to 88% of the GFR in the contralateral unobstructed kidneys. This study describes the regenerative potential of the kidney after the established interstitial matrix expansion and medullary ablation associated with UUO in the adult mouse.
Purification and Properties of Drosophila Heat Shock Activator Protein (1987)

Drosophila heat shock activator protein, a rare transacting factor which is induced upon heat shock to bind specifically to the heat shock regulatory sequence in vivo, has been purified from shocked cells to more than 95 percent homogeneity by sequence-specific duplex oligonucleotide affinity chromatography. The purified protein has a relative molecular mass of 110 kilodaltons, binds to the regulatory sequence with great affinity and specificity, and strongly stimulates transcription of the Drosophila hsp70 gene. Studies with this regulatory protein should lead to an understanding of the biochemical pathway underlying the heat shock phenomenon.
Kallikreins are associated with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and promote neurodegeneration (2008)

Tissue kallikrein KLK1 and the kallikrein-related peptidases KLK2-15 are a subfamily of serine proteases that have defined or proposed roles in a range of central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS pathologies. To further understand their potential activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), serum levels of KLK1, 6, 7, 8 and 10 were determined in 35 MS patients and 62 controls by quantitative fluorometric ELISA. Serum levels were then correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores determined at the time of serological sampling or at last clinical follow-up. Serum levels of KLK1 and KLK6 were elevated in MS patients (p<or=0.027), with highest levels associated with secondary progressive disease. Elevated KLK1 correlated with higher EDSS scores at the time of serum draw and KLK6 with future EDSS worsening in relapsing remitting patients (p<or=0.007). Supporting the concept that KLK1 and KLK6 promote degenerative events associated with progressive MS, exposure of murine cortical neurons to either kallikrein promoted rapid neurite retraction and neuron loss. These novel findings suggest that KLK1 and KLK6 may serve as serological markers of progressive MS and contribute directly to the development of neurological disability by promoting axonal injury and neuron cell death.
On behavior fault modeling for combinational digital designs (2003)

A mechanism is presented to represent failures in complex combinational digital and VLSI designs at a high level, referred to as behavior fault models. The advantages of behavior fault modeling include early estimates of reliability of the design in the design process, reduced CPU time for fault simulation, and results that may be more comprehensive to the high-level architects. Digital and VLSI components are expressed in a high-level hardware description language and the fault models proposed are based on the failure modes of the language constructs of a generic hardware-description language. Evaluation of such fault models is also reported through a correlation of the behavior fault simulation results of representative example designs with fault simulation of equivalent gate-level representations in the presence of stuck-at faults.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Digital newspapers explore marketing on the Internet (1999)

article Free Access Share on Digital newspapers explore marketing on the Internet Authors: Jonathan W. Palmer Univ.of Maryland, College Park Univ.of Maryland, College ParkView Profile , Lars Bo Eriksen Aalborg Univ., Denmark Aalborg Univ., DenmarkView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 42Issue 9Sept. 1999 pp 32–40https://doi.org/10.1145/315762.315769Online:01 September 1999Publication History 18citation4,114DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations18Total Downloads4,114Last 12 Months639Last 6 weeks122 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aminobenzazepinones as anti‐Phenylalanine Dipeptide Mimics and Their Use in NEP Inhibition. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Neutrophil-neutrophil interactions under hydrodynamic shear stress involve L-selectin and PSGL-1. A mechanism that amplifies initial leukocyte accumulation of P-selectin in vitro. (1996)

Leukocytes attach to and roll on inflamed endothelium and on leukocyte monolayers that form on the endothelial cells. Leukocyte-leukocyte interactions occurring under hydrodynamic shear stress are mediated by binding of L-selectin to unknown sialomucin-like glycoproteins. We show that purified neutrophil PSGL-1, a sialomucin glycoprotein that serves as a ligand for both P- and E-selectin, can also support the attachment and rolling of free flowing neutrophils in vitro. Neutrophil rolling on PSGL-1 was abolished by the anti-L-selectin mAb DREG200 and by the anti-PSGL-1 mAb PL1, indicating that L-selectin can interact directly with PSGL-1. Neutrophil rolling on neutrophil monolayers was also blocked by PL1 (60 +/- 9% SEM inhibition); however, DREG200 blocked more efficiently (93 +/- 7% SEM inhibition), suggesting that other L-selectin ligands may exist on the neutrophil surface. These studies demonstrate that PSGL-1 on the neutrophil surface is a major functional ligand for L-selectin. The avidity of this L-selectin-dependent adhesion event was sufficient to allow individual neutrophils rolling on P-selectin to capture free flowing neutrophils, which progressed to form linear strings and discrete foci of rolling neutrophils. Neutrophil accumulation on P-selectin accelerated with time as a result of neutrophil-assisted capture of free flowing neutrophils. When neutrophil-neutrophil interactions were blocked by DREG200, neutrophils accumulated on P-selectin in a random pattern and at a uniform rate. Thus, leukocyte-assisted capture of flowing leukocytes may play an important role in amplifying the rate of initial leukocyte recruitment at sites of inflammation.
A new liquid material for embolization of arteriovenous malformations. (1990)

We have developed a liquid material for embolization of arteriovenous malformations that is a mixture of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and metrizamide dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Upon contact with blood, dimethyl sulfoxide rapidly diffuses into the blood and forms an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer elastic soft sponge that obstructs both the feeder and the nidus. The material, which is not adhesive, was used for embolization of three left cerebral arteriovenous malformations with satisfactory results.
Enantioselective Uptake and Degradation of the Chiral Herbicide Dichlorprop [( RS )-2-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid] by Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH (1998)

Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH was able to completely degrade both enantiomers of the chiral herbicide dichlorprop [(RS)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid], with preferential degradation of the (S) enantiomer over the (R) enantiomer. These results are in agreement with the recently reported enantioselective degradation of mecoprop [(RS)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid] by this bacterium (C. Zipper, K. Nickel, W. Angst, and H.-P. E. Kohler, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:4318-4322, 1996). Uptake of (R)-dichlorprop, (S)-dichlorporp, and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) was inducible. Initial uptake rates of cells grown on the respective substrate showed substrate saturation kinetics with apparent affinity constants (Kt) of 108, 93, and 117 microM and maximal velocities (Vmax) of 19, 10, and 21 nmol min-1 mg of protein-1 for (R)-dichlorprop, (S)-dichlorprop, and 2,4-D, respectively. Transport of (R)-dichlorprop, (S)-dichlorprop, and 2,4-D was completely inhibited by various uncouplers and by nigericin but was only marginally inhibited by valinomycin and by the ATPase inhibitor N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimine. Experiments on the substrate specificity of the putative transport systems revealed that (R)-dichlorprop uptake was inhibited by (R)-mecoprop but not by (S)-mecoprop, (S)-dichlorprop, or 2,4-D. On the other hand, the (S)-dichlorprop transport was inhibited by (S)-mecoprop but not by (R)-mecoprop, (R)-dichlorprop, or 2,4-D. These results provide evidence that the first step in the degradation of dichlorprop, mecoprop, and 2,4-D by S. herbicidovorans is active transport and that three inducible, proton gradient-driven uptake systems exist: one for (R)-dichlorprop and (R)-mecoprop, another for (S)-dichlorprop and (S)-mecoprop, and a third for 2,4-D.
Encapsulated Islets in Diabetes Treatment (2003)

Encapsulation of insulin-producing cells in semipermeable membranes has the potential to provide an effective treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes with little or no immunosuppression of the host. Improvements in alginate, a marine polysaccharide commonly used for cell encapsulation, have revived interest in this material. However, serious obstacles, including a reliable cell source and a better understanding of immune acceptance issues, remain to be addressed before a clinically applicable therapeutic procedure based on encapsulated cells becomes available.
Radioactive decay data tables (1981)

The estimation of radiation dose to man from either external or internal exposure to radionuclides requires a knowledge of the energies and intensities of the atomic and nuclear radiations emitted during the radioactive decay process. The availability of evaluated decay data for the large number of radionuclides of interest is thus of fundamental importance for radiation dosimetry. This handbook contains a compilation of decay data for approximately 500 radionuclides. These data constitute an evaluated data file constructed for use in the radiological assessment activities of the Technology Assessments Section of the Health and Safety Research Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The radionuclides selected for this handbook include those occurring naturally in the environment, those of potential importance in routine or accidental releases from the nuclear fuel cycle, those of current interest in nuclear medicine and fusion reactor technology, and some of those of interest to Committee 2 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection for the estimation of annual limits on intake via inhalation and ingestion for occupationally exposed individuals.
Tariff-Rate Quotas, Rent-Shifting and the Selling of Domestic Access (2010)

Tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) have replaced quotas at the end of the Uruguay Round. We analyze TRQs when a foreign firm competes against a domestic firm in the latter’s market. Our benchmark is the strategic rent-shifting tariff. We show that the domestic price-equivalent TRQ is a better instrument welfare-wise, as it can extract all of the rents from the foreign firm. We show that different pairs of within-quota tariff and quota can support full rent extraction. The implication is that reduction of the former and enlargement of the latter, holding the above-quota tariff constant, may have no liberalizing effects. The first-best TRQ and the strategic tariff generate different prices. When firms have identical and constant marginal cost, the first-best TRQ entails selling a subsidy to the foreign firm and forcing the exit of the domestic firm.
The carbohydrate-recognition domain of Dectin-2 is a C-type lectin with specificity for high mannose (2006)

We examined the carbohydrate-binding potential of the C-type lectin-like receptor Dectin-2 (Clecf4n). The carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of Dectin-2 exhibited cation-dependent mannose/fucose-like lectin activity, with an IC(50) for mannose of approximately 20 mM compared to an IC(50) of 1.5 mM for the macrophage mannose receptor when assayed by similar methodology. The extracellular domain of Dectin-2 exhibited binding to live Candida albicans and the Saccharomyces-derived particle zymosan. This binding was completely abrogated by cation chelation and was competed by yeast mannans. We compared the lectin activity of Dectin-2 with that of two other C-type lectin receptors (mannose receptor and SIGNR1) known to bind fungal mannans. Both mannose receptor and SIGNR1 were able to bind bacterial capsular polysaccharides derived from Streptococcus pneumoniae, but interestingly they exhibited distinct binding profiles. The Dectin-2 CRD exhibited only weak interactions to some of these capsular polysaccharides, indicative of different structural or affinity requirements for binding, when compared with the other two lectins. Glycan array analysis of the carbohydrate recognition by Dectin-2 indicated specific recognition of high-mannose structures (Man(9)GlcNAc(2)). The differences in the specificity of these three mannose-specific lectins indicate that mannose recognition is mediated by distinct receptors, with unique specificity, that are expressed by discrete subpopulations of cells, and this further highlights the complex nature of carbohydrate recognition by immune cells.
Unbound Bilirubin and Kernicterus in Low-Birth-Weight Infants (1982)

Unbound bilirubin, bilirubin binding capacity, and bilirubin binding affinity were determined by the horseradish peroxidase method at the time of maximum hyperbilirubinemia and/or before exchange transfusions in 13 preterm infants who later died and had autopsies performed. Five of the 13 infants had kernicterus at autopsy. There were no significant differences in weight, gestational age, highest indirect bilirubin level, albumin concentration, severity of acidosis, use of assisted ventilation, sepsis, or other major clinical complications between the five infants with kernicterus and the eight infants without kernicterus. Compared with the eight nonkernicteric infants, the five kernicteric infants had significantly higher unbound bilirubin concentrations (13 +/- vs 27 +/- 9 nmoles/liter, respectively, P less than .05) and significantly lower bilirubin binding capacity and affinity. The data suggest an association between low bilirubin binding capacity and affinity, increased unbound bilirubin, and kernicterus in preterm infants with severe clinical complications.
Selectivity of Methylation of Metal-Bound Cysteinates and Its Consequences (1998)

Alkylation of metal-bound cysteinate residues forms an integral step in both the activation of the DNA-damage sensing Ada protein from E. coli and the reaction mechanisms of several zinc-dependent enzymes. The roles of metal ions and the protein structure in regulating the reactivity of bound cysteinate residues is not well-understood. Variants of a consensus zinc finger peptide were used to determine the effects of alkylation of cysteine residues on both metal binding and stability of the peptide structure. The ability of thioethers to act as ligands was probed through the direct synthesis of peptides with methionine or S-methylcysteine replacing the second histidine within the zinc finger framework. This position can be substituted with cysteine with no significant loss of structure or stability. Two-dimensional 1H NMR studies and water exchange experiments of the peptide with S-methylcysteine in this position showed that methylation affected the structure of the peptide−zinc complex in the last turn of the helix, adjacent to the site of methylation, without disrupting the rest of the structure. Titrations with cobalt revealed that the peptides with methionine or S-methylcysteine do not bind metal ions as tightly as do peptides with histidine or cysteine in this position. Similar to peptides lacking a fourth ligand, these thioether containing peptides form two-to-one peptide-to-cobalt complexes at low metal concentrations. Alkylation of the cobalt complex of the peptide with cysteine as the fourth ligand with dimethyl sulfate in aqueous solution yielded a product with absorption spectral features essentially identical with those of the S-methylcysteine derivative. Methylation of either of the other two cysteine residues within this peptide resulted in the loss of detectable metal binding. The carboxyl terminal cysteine was alkylated at a rate approximately 5-fold higher than the other cysteine residues, potentially due to the relative accessibility of this cysteine sulfur compared with the others which are shielded by peptide amide to sulfur hydrogen bonds. Other studies suggest that all of the cysteine residues in this peptide are less prone to alkylation in the cobalt complex than they are in the unfolded, metal-free form under similar solution conditions. These results indicate that thioether residues have a significantly lower affinity for cobalt(II) and zinc(II) than cysteine or histidine. Thus, significant modulation of metal-bound cysteinate reactivity can be achieved through the position of the cysteinate within the three-dimensional structure of a metal−peptide complex.
Diffraction Limited Emission from a Diode Laser Array in an Apertured GRIN Lens External Cavity (1986)

Phase-locked diode laser arrays have been studied intensively for their potential as high power optical sources •• •&gt;. Most of the laser designs that have been reported suffer from poor beam quality, beam broadening or steering with increasing drive current. On the other hand, laser arrays in external cavity configurations offer an alternative solution to achieve high power in a diffraction-iimited beam.
Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source (1997)

A simple general treatment of x-ray image formation by Fresnel diffraction is presented; the image can alternatively be considered as an in-line hologram. Particular consideration is given to phase-contrast microscopy and imaging using hard x rays. The theory makes use of the optical transfer function in a similar way to that used in the theory of electron microscope imaging. Resolution and contrast are the criteria used to specify the visibility of an image. Resolution in turn depends primarily on the spatial coherence of the illumination, with chromatic coherence of lesser importance. Thus broadband microfocus sources can give useful phase-contrast images. Both plane- and spherical-wave conditions are explicitly considered as limiting cases appropriate to macroscopic imaging and microscopy, respectively, while intermediate cases may also be of practical interest. Some results are presented for x-ray images showing phase contrast.
Delayed Luminescence as an Indicator of Tomato Fruit Quality (1998)

ABSTRACT To develop nondestructructive, objective, quality indicators for tomatoes we measured delayed luminescence, firmness, soluble solids, dry matter, color and respiration during ripening in cherry tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme ). They were harvested at various maturity stages and ripened in the dark at 20°C and 80% relative humidity. Ten days after harvest we observed on fruit showing similar color, significant differences in the delayed luminescence, soluble solids and dry matter, directly related to harvest maturity. We suggest that delayed luminescence can be used as a nondestructive indicator of important indicators of tomato fruit quality.
A new differentiation antigen (FT-1) shared with fetal thymocytes and leukemic cells in the mouse. (1984)

A mouse monoclonal antibody (IgM) was obtained by cell hybridization between X63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells and spleen cells from a BALB mouse that was immunized with GRSL leukemia cells of the GR strain. This antibody identified a unique fetal antigen, which is expressed exclusively on embryonic thymocytes of all strains tested. Therefore, the antigen defined was named fetal thymus antigen-1, FT-1. The proportion of FT-1+ fetal thymocytes detected by immunofluorescence assay sharply decreases as gestation time increases, and finally they disappear from the thymus. On the other hand, Thy-1+ cells increase in inverse proportion. The immunofluorescence studies and absorption tests showed that FT-1 antigen is not detectable on brain, liver, kidney, or lymphoid tissue cells of adult mice. However, it is expressed on some leukemia cells of various mouse strains, which demonstrated that this is the first example of an oncofetal antigen of a mouse leukemia. The molecular weight of FT-1 antigen on leukemia cells was estimated to be 130,000 by means of biosynthetic labeling with [3H]galactose and [35S]methionine. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis pattern of FT-1 antigen shows a family of glycoproteins with extensive charge heterogeneity. It was also shown that the FT-1 antigen molecule carries the receptor for DBA lectin.
Phenotypic, functional, and molecular genetic comparisons of the abnormal lymphoid cells of C3H-lpr/lpr and C3H-gld/gld mice. (1986)

Lymph node cells from C3H mice homozygous for lpr and gld were compared for expression of cell surface antigens, lectin-binding sites, functional characteristics, expression of ecotropic MuLV, and organization of Ig and T cell receptor (TcR) beta-chain genes. The abnormal cells (Ly-2-/L3T4-) populating nodes of both mutant strains were specifically purified by using plate separation techniques. The purified abnormal cells were shown to express the beta-chain of the TcR, to exhibit rearrangements of the beta-chain genes, and to express TcR beta and alpha gene mRNA, demonstrating the T cell origin of these populations. FMF analyses of the separated abnormal cells showed them to be Thy-1+, Ly-1+, Ly-2-, L3T4-, Ly-5(B220)+, Ly-6+, Ly-22+, Ly-24+, sIg-, ThB-, Ia-, HSA-/+, and PC.1+ and to bind at high levels lectins that normally bind preferentially to B cells. These cells did not proliferate or generate CTL in response to stimulation with alloantigens, and supernatants of cells stimulated with Con A were devoid of IL 2. These characteristics do not correspond to those of any known immature or mature population of normal T cells. The findings that the abnormal T cells of lpr and gld homozygotes are indistinguishable for each parameter examined support the suggestion that these mutations may affect different enzymes in a common metabolic pathway of major importance to T cell differentiation and function.