gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Limitations in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor therapy by mTor kinase inhibition reflect growth factor–mediated PI3K feedback loop activation via ERK1/2 and AKT (2011)

SINET treatment with the mTOR inhibitor RAD had no antiproliferative effect based on activation of pAKT and pERK1/2. A combinatorial approach using OCT and RAD failed to overcome this escape phenomenon. However, differences in RAD response rates in individual NET cell lines suggested that pretreatment identification of different tumor sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors could provide the basis for individualized treatment.
Heterologous immunity provides a potent barrier to transplantation tolerance (2003)

Many strategies have been proposed to induce tolerance to transplanted tissue in rodents; however, few if any have shown equal efficacy when tested in nonhuman primate transplant models. We hypothesized that a critical distinction between specific pathogen-free mice and nonhuman primates or human patients is their acquired immune history. Here, we show that a heterologous immune response -specifically, virally induced alloreactive memory -is a potent barrier to tolerance induction. A critical threshold of memory T cells is needed to promote rejection, and CD8 + "central" memory T cells are primarily responsible. Finally, treatment with deoxyspergualin, an inhibitor of NF-B translocation, together with costimulation blockade, synergistically impairs memory T cell activation and promotes antigen-specific tolerance of memory. These data offer a potential explanation for the difficulty encountered when inducing tolerance in nonhuman primates and human patients and provide insight into the signaling pathways essential for memory T cell activation and function.
Weight gain management in patients with schizophrenia during treatment with olanzapine in association with nizatidine (2006)

The concomitant use of olanzapine with nizatidine was not effective in controlling weight gain in patients who had previously gained weight during treatment with olanzapine when compared to placebo.
Apoptosis induced by serum deprivation of PC12 cells is not preceded by growth arrest and can occur at each phase of the cell cycle. (1995)

Previous studies have shown that PC12 cells undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death) when deprived of serum. In the present study, we examined the relationship of this death process to the cell cycle. PC12 cell populations synchronized at different, specific phases of the cell cycle exhibit similar kinetics of cell death following deprivation of serum. Flow cytometry analysis was used to examine the levels of apoptotic death in these cell populations in relationship to their progression in the cell cycle during the course of serum deprivation. Such analysis revealed that the cells die during the G0-G1, S, and perhaps G2-M phases and at the G2 to G1 transition. These results, therefore, suggest that the death of synchronized, serum-deprived PC12 cells occurs throughout the cell cycle and is not dependent on growth arrest. Flow cytometry methodology (acridine orange staining), which determines the RNA content of cells in relationship to their position in the cell cycle, was used to address these questions in nonsynchronized cells. These experiments revealed that, upon serum deprivation, an immediate loss of RNA occurred from cells in G1, S, and G2-M phases. This loss is accompanied by a slower appearance of cells with degraded DNA content. These results show that cells from all phases of the cell cycle are damaged upon serum deprivation and thus suggest that the apoptotic cell death of nonsynchronized PC12 cells may occur from each phase of the cell cycle.
Enzyme-analog-built polymers. 27. Racemic resolution of free sugars with macroporous polymers prepared by molecular imprinting. Selectivity dependence on the arrangement of functional groups versus spatial requirements (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzyme-analog-built polymers. 27. Racemic resolution of free sugars with macroporous polymers prepared by molecular imprinting. Selectivity dependence on the arrangement of functional groups versus spatial requirementsGuenter Wulff and Stephanie SchauhoffCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 1, 395–400Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00001a071https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00001a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views837Altmetric-Citations239LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spectral and chemical properties of dimethyldioxirane as determined by experiment and ab initio calculations (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectral and chemical properties of dimethyldioxirane as determined by experiment and ab initio calculationsWaldemar Adam, Yuk Yee Chan, Dieter Cremer, Juergen Gauss, Dieter Scheutzow, and Michael SchindlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 13, 2800–2803Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00389a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00389a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3098Altmetric-Citations227LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Column handbook for size exclusion chromatography (1999)

Contribution from SEC and GFC Column Manufacturers: M. Lu, The Preparation of Beaded Organic Polymers and Their Application in Size Exclusion Chromatography. A. Williams and L. Hagel, Size Exclusion for Analysis and Purification of Aqueous Macromolecules. R. Moody, Zorbax Porous Silica Microsphere Columns for High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography. Y. Kato, K. O'Donnel, and J. Fisher, Size Exclusion Chromatography Using TSK GEL Columns and Toyopearl Resins. J.E. Armonas and B.H. Peabody, American Polymer Standards GPC/SEC Columns. H. Suzuki and S. Denko, Shodex Columns for Size Exclusion Chromatography. L.R. Jacob and L. Britsch, Size Exclusion Chromatography on Fractogel EMD BioSEC. A. Alpert, Size Exclusion HPLC of Small Solutes. P. Kilz, Design, Properties, and Testing of SEC Columns and Optimization of SEC Separations. K. Gooding, SynChropak Size Exclusion Columns. U. Neue, Waters Columns for Size Exclusion Chromatography. E. Meehan, Size Exclusion Chromatography Columns from Polymer Laboratories. H. Jordi, Jordi Gel Columns for Size Exclusion Chromatography. Contribution from SEC and GFC Column Users: R. Bruessau, General Characterization of GPC Columns. D. Berek, Interactive Properties of Polystyrene/Divinylbenzene Based Commercial SEC Columns. A. Huber and W. Praznik, Analytical and Preparative Columns for Aqueous SEC of Polysaccharides. C. Wu, L. Senak, D. Osborne, and T. Cheng, Comparison of Four Commercial Linear Aqueous Size Exclusion Columns and Four Sets of Commercial Polyethylene Oxide Standards for Aqueous Size Exclusion Chromatography of Polyvinylpyrrilodone and Polyethylene Oxide. D. Allen, Application of Size Exclusion-High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Biopharmaceutical Proteins and Peptide Therapeutics. M. Bender and D. Saucy, Column Selection and Related Issues for Acrylic Acid and Acrylic Ester Polymers. D. Nagy, Application and Uses of Columns for Aqueous SEC of Water Soluble Polymers. A.W. deGroot, Quality Control of Columns for High Temperature. Columns for Other Related Polymer Separation or Fractionation Techniques: S.S. Huang, Molecular Weight Separations of Macromolecules by Hydrodynamic Chromatography. I. Teraoka, Columns for High Osmotic Pressure Chromatography. Index.
Borna Disease Virus Replicates in Astrocytes, Schwann Cells and Ependymal Cells in Persistently Infected Rats: Location of Viral Genomic and Messenger RNAs byIn SituHybridization (1991)

Borna disease (BD) is an immune-mediated neurological disease caused by infection of the nervous system with a negative strand RNA virus, Borna disease virus (BDV). The host range for BDV is broad and extends from birds to primates. A BDV-like agent may cause disease in humans. Until recently, BDV-infected neural cells could only be identified immunocytochemically using serum from BDV-infected animals. The advent of BDV cDNA clones allowed definition of the relationship between viral nucleic acids and viral proteins in vivo. In situ hybridization with strand-specific RNA probes from a BDV cDNA clone, pAF4, identified BDV genomic RNA and BDV mRNAs in neurons, astrocytes, Schwann cells and ependymal cells in an anatomic distribution consistent with that of BDV proteins. Genomic RNA was contained primarily within the nucleus, whereas mRNAs were found in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Viral RNAs were demonstrated in neurons expressing BDV proteins and in glial cells by combined techniques of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization.
Differentiation-Dependent Expression of the Brown Adipocyte Uncoupling Protein Gene: Regulation by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (1996)

Uncoupling protein (UCP) is expressed only in brown adipocytes and is responsible for the unique thermogenic properties of this cell type. The novel brown preadipocyte cell line, HIB-1B, expresses UCP in a strictly differentiation-dependent manner. Transgenic mice studies have shown that a region from kb -2.8 to -1.0 of the marine UCP gene is required for brown adipocyte-specific expression. Subsequent analysis identified a potent 220-bp enhancer from kb -2.5 to -2.3. We show that this enhancer is active only in differentiated HIB-1B adipocytes, and we identify a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) response element, referred to as UCP regulatory element 1 (URE1), within the enhancer. URE1 has differentiation-dependent enhancing activity in HIB-1B cells and is required for enhancer action, since mutations of URE1 that block protein binding abolish enhancer activity. We also show that PPAR gamma antibodies block binding to URE1 of nuclear extracts from cultured brown adipocytes and from the brown adipose tissue of cold-exposed mice. Protein binding to URE1 increases substantially during differentiation of HIB-1B preadipocytes, and PPAR-gamma mRNA levels increase correspondingly. Although forced expression of PPAR gamma and retinoid X receptor alpha activates the enhancer in HIB-1B preadipocytes, these receptors are not capable of activating the enhancer in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Our results show that PPAR gamma is a regulator of the differentiation-dependent expression of UCP and suggest that there are additional factors in HIB-1B cells required for brown adipocyte-specific UCP expression.
Novel Docosanoids Inhibit Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion-mediated Leukocyte Infiltration and Pro-inflammatory Gene Expression (2003)

Ischemic stroke triggers lipid peroxidation and neuronal injury. Docosahexaenoic acid released from membrane phospholipids during brain ischemia is a major source of lipid peroxides. Leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory gene expression also contribute to stroke damage. In this study using lipidomic analysis, we have identified stereospecific messengers from docosahexaenoate-oxygenation pathways in a mouse stroke model. Aspirin, widely used to prevent cerebrovascular disease, activates an additional pathway, which includes the 17R-resolvins. The newly discovered brain messenger 10,17S-docosatriene potently inhibited leukocyte infiltration, NFkappaB, and cyclooxygenase-2 induction in experimental stroke and elicited neuroprotection. In addition, in neural cells in culture, this lipid messenger also inhibited both interleukin 1-beta-induced NFkappaB activation and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Thus, the specific novel bioactive docosanoids generated in vivo counteract leukocyte-mediated injury as well as pro-inflammatory gene induction. These results challenge the view that docosahexaenoate only participates in brain damage and demonstrate that this fatty acid is also the endogenous precursor to a neuroprotective signaling response to ischemia-reperfusion.
Measurement of tissue optical properties by the use of oblique-incidence optical fiber reflectometry (1997)

Fiber-optic-based oblique-incidence reflectometry is a simple and accurate method for measuring the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients mu(a) and mu?(s) of semi-infinite turbid media. Obliquely incident light produces a spatial distribution of diffuse reflectance that is not centered about the point of light entry. The amount of shift in the center of diffuse reflectance is directly related to the medium's diffusion length D. We developed a fiber-optic probe to deliver light obliquely and sample the relative profile of diffuse reflectance. Measurement in absolute units is not necessary. From the profile, it was possible to measure D, perform a curve fit for the effective attenuation coefficient mu(eff), and then calculate mu(a) and mu?(s). This method was verified with Monte Carlo simulations and tested on tissue phantoms. Our measurements of D and mu(eff) had an accuracy of approximately 5%, thus giving us 10% and 5% accuracy for mu(a) and mu?(s), respectively.
Studies of Neuroplasticity With Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (1998)

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studies of brain plasticity. Although still loosely defined, this term describes the ability of the brain to change. Cortical plasticity encompasses a wide variety of phenomena and mechanisms, including modifications in cortical properties such as strength of internal connections, representational patterns, or neuronal modifications, either morphological or functional (Donoghue et al., 1996). We focus on the description of different ways in which transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to study patterns of reorganization and some of the mechanisms involved in these changes. Correlation between TMS and neuroimaging studies in humans and animal studies addressing similar questions is discussed. It is important to identify in each situation whether plasticity plays a beneficial role or is maladaptive in terms of functional compensation. The understanding of patterns, mechanisms, and functional relevance of cortical plasticity will hopefully lead to the design of effective strategies to enhance plasticity when it is beneficial and to down-regulate it when it is maladaptive. An example of a possible strategy, using TMS, is discussed.
Immunotherapy for choroidal neovascularization in a laser-induced mouse model simulating exudative (wet) macular degeneration (2003)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness after age 55 in the industrialized world. Severe loss of central vision frequently occurs with the exudative (wet) form of AMD, as a result of the formation of a pathological choroidal neovasculature (CNV) that damages the macular region of the retina. We tested the effect of an immunotherapy procedure, which had been shown to destroy the pathological neovasculature in solid tumors, on the formation of laser-induced CNV in a mouse model simulating exudative AMD in humans. The procedure involves administering an Icon molecule that binds with high affinity and specificity to tissue factor (TF), resulting in the activation of a potent cytolytic immune response against cells expressing TF. The Icon binds selectively to TF on the vascular endothelium of a CNV in the mouse and pig models and also on the CNV of patients with exudative AMD. Here we show that the Icon dramatically reduces the frequency of CNV formation in the mouse model. After laser treatment to induce CNV formation, the mice were injected either with an adenoviral vector encoding the Icon, resulting in synthesis of the Icon by vector-infected mouse cells, or with the Icon protein. The route of injection was i.v. or intraocular. The efficacy of the Icon in preventing formation of laser-induced CNV depends on binding selectively to the CNV. Because the Icon binds selectively to the CNV in exudative AMD as well as to laser-induced CNV, the Icon might also be efficacious for treating patients with exudative AMD.
Antitumor effect of seaweeds. IV. Enhancement of antitumor activity by sulfation of a crude fucoidan fraction from Sargassum kjellmanianum. (1984)

We have reported an antitumor aqueous extract from a brown marine alga Sargassum kjellmanianum ("Hahakimoku" in Japanese). Although the extract was effective in the in vivo growth inhibition of the implanted Sarcoma-180 cells, it was not effective against L-1210-bearing mice. In the present study, we attempted to obtain a polysaccharide fraction with antitumor activity against L-1210 leukemia from this alga, on the assumption that the main active substance may be sulfated polysaccharide, especially fucoidan which is mainly composed of L-fucose and ester sulfate. Two kinds of polysaccharide fractions (SKCF and SKCF-F), which contained L-fucose and ester sulfate in the amount of 12.6% and 15.4%, 23.5% and 17.2% respectively, were first prepared starting with extraction with cold-hydrochloric acid, and their antitumor activity was examined. It was found however that they are not effective. Sulfation of SKCF was then carried out. The resulting sulfate (Sulfated SKCF) was observed to contain nearly 50% more ester sulfate than in SKCF and to be effective against L-1210 leukemia showing an ILS value of 26%. Mechanisms of antitumor action of this sulfate were also discussed from the viewpoints of negativity of ester sulfate and of activation of host-mediated immune response as known in antitumor polysaccharide preparations from other sources.
Possible Role of Androgen Receptors in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (1980)

Androgen receptors have been demonstrated in both cranial nerve and spinal motor neurons. This article proposes that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may be a disease in which androgen receptors in motor neurons are lost or not functioning. This is suggested by the male-to-female ratio of the disease, the age of onset, and the sparing of neurons of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI that coincidentally lack androgen receptors. The hypothesis is that ALS may be due to a loss of androgen receptors that results in an inability to respond to a variety of insults including axonal damage.
Preferential Migration of Activated CD4 + and CD8 + T Cells in Response to MIP-1α and MIP-1β (1993)

Recombinant human macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (rhMIP-1 alpha) and rhMIP-1 beta were potent chemoattractants of human T lymphocytes. These rhMIP-1 cytokines attracted only T cells activated by monoclonal antibody to CD3 and did not attract unstimulated lymphocytes. Phenotypic analysis revealed that CD4+ T cells were capable of migrating in response to rhMIP-1 beta, whereas rhMIP-1 alpha induced chemotaxis of predominantly CD8+ T lymphocytes. Activated naïve and memory T cells also migrated in response to rhMIP-1 cytokines. Furthermore, these cytokines enhanced the ability of T cells to bind to an endothelial cell monolayer. These results suggest that rhMIP-1 cytokines preferentially recruit specific T cell subsets during the evolution of the immune response.
Mechanisms of Chemoresistance to Alkylating Agents in Malignant Glioma (2008)

Intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance to alkylating agents is a major cause of treatment failure in patients with malignant brain tumors. Alkylating agents, the mainstay of treatment for brain tumors, damage the DNA and induce apoptosis, but the cytotoxic activity of these agents is dependent on DNA repair pathways. For example, O6-methylguanine DNA adducts can cause double-strand breaks, but this is dependent on a functional mismatch repair pathway. Thus, tumor cell lines deficient in mismatch repair are resistant to alkylating agents. Perhaps the most important mechanism of resistance to alkylating agents is the DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine methyltransferase, which can eliminate the cytotoxic O6-methylguanine DNA adduct before it causes harm. Another mechanism of resistance to alkylating agents is the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Consequently, efforts are ongoing to develop effective inhibitors of BER. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase plays a pivotal role in BER and is an important therapeutic target. Developing effective strategies to overcome chemoresistance requires the identification of reliable preclinical models that recapitulate human disease and which can be used to facilitate drug development. This article describes the diverse mechanisms of chemoresistance operating in malignant glioma and efforts to develop reliable preclinical models and novel pharmacologic approaches to overcome resistance to alkylating agents.