gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalase Is Encoded by a Multigene Family in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh (1996)

The catalase multigene family in Arabidopsis includes three genes encoding individual subunits that associate to form at least six isozymes that are readily resolved by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. CAT1 and CAT3 map to chromosome 1, and CAT2 maps to chromosome 4. The nucleotide sequences of the three coding regions are 70 to 72% identical. The amino acid sequences of the three catalase subunits are 75 to 84% identical and 87 to 94% similar, considering conservative substitutions. Both the individual isozymes and the individual subunit mRNAs show distinct patterns of spatial (organ-specific) expression. Six isozymes are detected in flowers and leaves and two are seen in roots. Similarly, mRNA abundance of the three genes varies among organs. All three mRNAs are highly expressed in bolts, and CAT2 and CAT3 are highly expressed in leaves.
<title>Investigation of statistical properties of lymph-flow dynamics using speckle microscopy</title> (1997)

At different pathological stages, the changes both of blood and lymph microcirculation parameters are observed. These parameters are of great importance in diagnostics. The type of these changes may indicate both the kind and the degree of disease. Investigation of the behavior of dynamic characteristics of these flows at different stages is of special interest. In this paper the peculiarities both of blood and lymph motion have been considered. The further development of speckle-interferometrical method has been carried out for the investigation of the dynamic characteristics of blood and lymph flows in microvessels. Analysis of two dynamic parameters which had been introduced in previous papers concerning this problem, is made in this paper. The influence of lymphotropic agent both on lymph flow and its dynamic characteristics is also discussed.
The Identification of Novel Proteins That Interact With the GLP-1 Receptor and Restrain its Activity (2013)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) controls diverse physiological functions in tissues including the pancreatic islets, brain, and heart. To understand the mechanisms that control glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) signaling better, we sought to identify proteins that interact with the GLP-1R using a membrane-based split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid (MYTH) assay. A screen of a human fetal brain cDNA prey library with an unliganded human GLP-1R as bait in yeast revealed 38 novel interactor protein candidates. These interactions were confirmed in mammalian Chinese hamster ovarian cells by coimmunoprecipitation. Immunofluorescence was used to show subcellular colocalization of the interactors with GLP-1R. Cluster analysis revealed that the interactors were primarily associated with signal transduction, metabolism, and cell development. When coexpressed with the GLP-1R in Chinese hamster ovarian cells, 15 interactors significantly altered GLP-1-induced cAMP accumulation. Surprisingly, all 15 proteins inhibited GLP-1-activated cAMP. Given GLP-1's prominent role as an incretin, we then focused on 3 novel interactors, SLC15A4, APLP1, and AP2M1, because they are highly expressed and localized to the membrane in mouse insulinoma β-cells. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of each candidate gene significantly enhanced GLP-1-induced insulin secretion. In conclusion, we have generated a novel GLP-1R-protein interactome, identifying several interactors that suppress GLP-1R signaling. We suggest that the inhibition of these interactors may serve as a novel strategy to enhance GLP-1R activity.
Results of Posterior Dislocation of Elbow Associated with Bony and Soft Tissue Injury (2013)

elbow dislocation, ligament instability, coronoid fracture.
On-chip jitter-spectrum-analyzer for high-speed digital designs (2004)

An on-chip jitter-spectrum analyzer (JSA) implemented in 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS can locate and analyze trouble-spots in on- and off-chip power and clock distribution networks during the actual operations in the field. A feedback design-flow using JSA improves the performance of 1GHz digital LSIs.
IMRT dose shaping with regionally variable penalty scheme (2003)

A commonly known deficiency of currently available inverse planning systems is the difficulty in fine-tuning the final dose distribution. In practice, it is not uncommon that just a few unsatisfactory regions in the planning target volume or an organ at risk prevent an intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan from being clinically acceptable. The purpose of this work is to introduce a mechanism for controlling the regional doses after a conventional IMRT plan is obtained and to demonstrate its clinical utility. Two types of importance factors are introduced in the objective function to model the tradeoffs of different clinical objectives. The first is the conventional structure-dependent importance factor, which quantifies the interstructure tradeoff. The second type is the voxel-dependent importance factor which "modulates" the importance of different voxels within a structure. The planning proceeds in two major steps. First a conventional inverse planning is performed, where the structure-dependent importance factors are determined in a trial-and-error fashion. The next level of planning involves fine-tuning the regional doses to meet specific clinical requirements. To achieve this, the voxels where doses need to be modified are identified either graphically on the isodose layouts, or on the corresponding dose-volume histogram (DVH) curves. The importance value of these voxels is then adjusted to increase/decrease the penalty at the corresponding regions. The technique is applied to two clinical cases. It was found that both tumor hot spots and critical structure maximal doses can be easily controlled by varying the regional penalty. One to three trials were sufficient for the conventionally optimized dose distributions to be adjusted to meet clinical expectation. Thus introducing the voxel-dependent penalty scheme provides an effective means for IMRT dose distributions painting and sculpting.
Predictors of laparoscopic complications after formal training in laparoscopic surgery (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the relationship between laparoscopic complication rates and surgeon-dependent variables following a laparoscopic training course. <h3>Design.</h3> —Participants were surveyed regarding their interval laparoscopic experience 3 months and 12 months after the course. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Course participants/survey respondents represented a cross section of urologic surgeons in the United States. A total of 181 individuals (61% of 297 participants) completed and returned the 3-month questionnaire. A total of 128 surgeons responded to the 12-month questionnaire (78.5% of 163 participants). <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Logistic regression analysis tested the relationship between surgeons' complication rates and study variables. <h3>Results.</h3> —At 3 months, surgeons who performed clinical procedures without additional training were 3.39 times more likely to have at least one complication compared with surgeons who sought additional training (<i>P</i>=.03). At 12 months, surgeons who had attended the training course alone, were in solo practice, or performed laparoscopic surgery with a variable assistant were 4.85, 7.74, and 4.80 times more likely, respectively, to have had a complication than their counterparts who attended the course with a partner, were in group practice, or operated with the same assistant (<i>P</i>=.004,<i>P</i>=.0008, and<i>P</i>=.0015, respectively). At both 3 and 12 months, laparoscopic complication rates of individual surgeons demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with the number of laparoscopic procedures performed. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The rate of complications associated with the clinical learning curve can be decreased by additional education following an initial course in laparoscopy. An ongoing clinical association with surgeons performing similar procedures decreases long-term complication rates. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2689-2692)
Inverse texture synthesis (2008)

The quality and speed of most texture synthesis algorithms depend on a 2D input sample that is small and contains enough texture variations. However, little research exists on how to acquire such sample. For homogeneous patterns this can be achieved via manual cropping, but no adequate solution exists for inhomogeneous or globally varying textures, i.e. patterns that are local but not stationary, such as rusting over an iron statue with appearance conditioned on varying moisture levels. We present inverse texture synthesis to address this issue. Our inverse synthesis runs in the opposite direction with respect to traditional forward synthesis: given a large globally varying texture, our algorithm automatically produces a small texture compaction that best summarizes the original. This small compaction can be used to reconstruct the original texture or to re-synthesize new textures under user-supplied controls. More important, our technique allows real-time synthesis of globally varying textures on a GPU, where the texture memory is usually too small for large textures. We propose an optimization framework for inverse texture synthesis, ensuring that each input region is properly encoded in the output compaction. Our optimization process also automatically computes orientation fields for anisotropic textures containing both low- and high-frequency regions, a situation difficult to handle via existing techniques.
Reductive Opening of Thiophthalan:  A New Route To Functionalized Sulfur-Containing Compounds (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTReductive Opening of Thiophthalan: A New Route To Functionalized Sulfur-Containing Compounds†Juan Almena, Francisco Foubelo, and Miguel YusView Author Information Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5, 1859–1862Publication Date (Web):March 8, 1996Publication History Received28 September 1995Published online8 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo951773mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo951773mbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views380Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Electrophiles,Functionalization,Materials,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
DIMENSION: Dynamic MR Imaging with Both K-space and Spatial Prior Knowledge Obtained via Multi-Supervised Network Training (2018)

Dynamic MR image reconstruction from incomplete k-space data has generated great research interest due to its capability in reducing scan time. Nevertheless, the reconstruction problem is still challenging due to its ill-posed nature. Most existing methods either suffer from long iterative reconstruction time or explore limited prior knowledge. This paper proposes a dynamic MR imaging method with both k-space and spatial prior knowledge integrated via multi-supervised network training, dubbed as DIMENSION. Specifically, the DIMENSION architecture consists of a frequential prior network for updating the k-space with its network prediction and a spatial prior network for capturing image structures and details. Furthermore, a multisupervised network training technique is developed to constrain the frequency domain information and reconstruction results at different levels. The comparisons with classical k-t FOCUSS, k-t SLR, L+S and the state-of-the-art CNN-based method on in vivo datasets show our method can achieve improved reconstruction results in shorter time.
Optimization of the performance of the polymerase chain reaction in silicon-based microstructures (1997)

We have demonstrated the ability to perform real-time homogeneous, sequence specific detection of PCR products in silicon microstructures. Optimal design/ processing result in equivalent performance (yield and specificity) for high surface-to-volume silicon structures as compared to larger volume reactions in polypropylene tubes. Amplifications in volumes as small as 0.5 microl and thermal cycling times reduced as much as 5-fold from that of conventional systems have been demonstrated for the microstructures.
DNA Binding of Iron(II)-Phenanthroline Complexes: Effect of Methyl Substitution on Thermodynamic Parameters (2008)

The influence of methyl substitution on the thermodynamic parameters for the binding of [Fe(DMP) 3 ] 2+ and [Fe(TMP) 3 ] 2+ (DMP = 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, TMP = 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl- 1,10-phenanthroline) to calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) has been studied by determining their equilibrium binding constants (K b ) at various salt concentrations and temperatures. K b of the iron(II) complexes to ct-DNA decreases with the salt concentration in the solution, suggesting considerable electrostatic interaction in the ct-DNA binding of the iron(II) complexes. In contrast, K b of the DNA binding increases with temperature, indicating that the DNA binding reaction of the complex is endothermic and entropically driven. The evaluation of the non-electrostatic binding constant (K 0 t ) based on polyelectrolyte theory has revealed that the K 0 t portions of the total binding constant (K b ) are relatively large and reach 46.4% for [Fe(DMP) 3 ] 2+ at [Na + ] = 0.075 M and 43.9% for [Fe(TMP) 3 ] 2+ at [Na + ] = 0.100 M. The contribution of non-electrostatic binding free energy (ΔG 0 t ) to total binding free energy change (ΔG 0 ) is extremely large, i. e. &gt; 90% for both iron(II) complexes at [Na + ] = 0.05 M, suggesting that the stabilization of the DNA binding is mainly contributed from the non-electrostatic process. The effect of methyl substitution on electrostatic (ΔG 0 pe ) and non-electrostatic (ΔG 0 t ) binding free energy changes has been systematically evaluated using the quantity of ΔΔG 0 pe and ΔΔG 0 t relative to that of the parent iron(II) complex, [Fe(phen) 3 ] 2+ . The results indicate that the substitution of hydrogen atoms in the phen ligand by methyl groups decreases slightly the electrostatic binding free energy changes, but tremendously increases the non-electrostatic ones to yield net binding free energy changes which are more favorable for the ct-DNA binding.
Attenuation of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Superinduction of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (2000)

NO protects against I/R injury by preventing the hyperdynamic response of isolated perfused hearts during early reperfusion. In the eNOS KO hearts, a paradoxical increase in NO production was seen, accompanied by a superinduction of iNOS, possibly due to an adaptive mechanism.
NEURAL EXCITABILITY, SPIKING AND BURSTING (2000)

Bifurcation mechanisms involved in the generation of action potentials (spikes) by neurons are reviewed here. We show how the type of bifurcation determines the neuro-computational properties of the cells. For example, when the rest state is near a saddle-node bifurcation, the cell can fire all-or-none spikes with an arbitrary low frequency, it has a well-defined threshold manifold, and it acts as an integrator; i.e. the higher the frequency of incoming pulses, the sooner it fires. In contrast, when the rest state is near an Andronov–Hopf bifurcation, the cell fires in a certain frequency range, its spikes are not all-or-none, it does not have a well-defined threshold manifold, it can fire in response to an inhibitory pulse, and it acts as a resonator; i.e. it responds preferentially to a certain (resonant) frequency of the input. Increasing the input frequency may actually delay or terminate its firing. We also describe the phenomenon of neural bursting, and we use geometric bifurcation theory to extend the existing classification of bursters, including many new types. We discuss how the type of burster defines its neuro-computational properties, and we show that different bursters can interact, synchronize and process information differently.
Charge separation and photovoltaic conversion in polymer composites with internal donor/acceptor heterojunctions (1995)

The photosensitivity of semiconducting polymers can be enhanced by blending donor and acceptor polymers to optimize photoinduced charge separation. We describe a novel phase-separated polymer blend (composite) made with poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene], MEH-PPV, as donor and cyano-PPV, CN-PPV, as acceptor. The photoluminescence and electroluminescence of both component polymers are quenched in the blend, indicative of rapid and efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs with electrons on the acceptor and holes on the donor. Diodes made with such a composite semiconducting polymer as the photosensitive medium show promising photovoltaic characteristics with carrier collection efficiency of 5% electrons/photon and energy conversion efficiency of 0.9%, ∼20 times larger than in diodes made with pure MEH-PPV and ∼100 times larger than in diodes made with CN-PPV. The photosensitivity and the quantum yield increase with reverse bias voltage, to 0.3 A/W and 80% electrons/photon respectively at −10 V, comparable to results obtained from photodiodes made with inorganic semiconductors.
Real-time American Sign Language recognition from video using hidden Markov models (2002)

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) have been used prominently and successfully in speech recognition and, more recently, in handwriting recognition. Consequently, they seem ideal for visual recognition of complex, structured hand gestures such as are found in sign language. We describe a real-time HMM-based system for recognizing sentence level American Sign Language (ASL) which attains a word accuracy of 99.2% without explicitly modeling the fingers.
The early detection of prostate carcinoma with prostate specific antigen (1997)

The intermediate outcomes for screening with PSA and/or PSA in combination with digital rectal examination are encouraging. In community volunteers these screening tests demonstrated reasonable positive predictive value and detected carcinomas at an earlier stage. The majority of screen-detected tumors had the pathologic characteristics of medically significant carcinoma.
A Controlled Study of 2 Doses of Idebenone in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (1997)

Two doses of idebenone were studied in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study in patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) of mild to moderate degree. Diagnosis was based on DSM-III-R (primary degenerative dementia) and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria (probable Alzheimer's disease). A total of 300 patients were randomized to either placebo, idebenone 30 mg t.i.d. or 90 mg t.i.d. (n = 100, each) and treated for 6 months. The primary outcome measure was the total score of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Total) at month 6. Secondary outcome measures were the ADAS cognitive (ADAS-Cog) and noncognitive scores (ADAS-Noncog), the clinical global response (CGI-Improvement), the MMSE, the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSS) and several scales for the assessment of daily activities (the self- and observer-rating scales NAA and NAB of the Nuremberg Age Inventory NAI and Greene's Assessment). Safety parameters were adverse events, vital signs, ECG and clinical laboratory parameters. Clinical and psychometric evaluations were performed at baseline, and after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. After month 6 idebenone 90 mg t.i.d. showed statistically significant improvement in the primary efficacy variable ADAS-Total and in ADAS-Cog. An analysis of therapy responders performed for 3 outcome measures (CGI-global improvement, ADAS-Cog, ADAS-Noncog), selected to represent different domains of assessment, revealed significant superiority of idebenone 90 mg t.i.d. with respect to placebo in each of the 3 variables and in the concordance of responses across the 3 measures. Exploratory results for a subgroup of patients (ADAS-Total > or = 20) showed dose-related superiority of idebenone additionally on ADAS-Noncog and the CGI-Improvement scale. Safety results were inconspicuous for all assessments. The study results demonstrate the efficacy and safety of idebenone in the treatment of DAT patients.
Expression and Potential Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 and Its Receptors in Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2005)

Although the detection of several components of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has been reported, the functionality of that pathway and effects on cell fate decisions are yet to be established. In this study we characterized expression of FGF-2, the prototypic member of the FGF family, and its receptors (FGFRs) in undifferentiated and differentiating hESCs; subsequently, we analyzed the effects of FGF-2 on hESCs, acting as both exogenous and endogenous factors. We have determined that undifferentiated hESCs are abundant in several molecular-mass isoforms of FGF-2 and that expression pattern of these isoforms remains unchanged under conditions that induce hESC differentiation. Significantly, FGF-2 is released by hESCs into the medium, suggesting an autocrine activity. Expression of FGFRs in undifferentiated hESCs follows a specific pattern, with FGFR1 being the most abundant species and other receptors showing lower expression in the following order: FGFR1 --> FGFR3 --> FGFR4 --> FGFR2. Initiation of differentiation is accompanied by profound changes in FGFR expression, particularly the upregulation of FGFR1. When hESCs are exposed to exogenous FGF-2, extracellular signal-regulated kinases are phosphorylated and thereby activated. However, the presence or absence of exogenous FGF-2 does not significantly affect the proliferation of hESCs. Instead, increased concentration of exogenous FGF-2 leads to reduced outgrowth of hESC colonies with time in culture. Finally, the inhibitor of FGFRs, SU5402, was used to ascertain whether FGF-2 that is released by hESCs exerts its activities via autocrine pathways. Strikingly, the resultant inhibition of FGFR suppresses activation of downstream protein kinases and causes rapid cell differentiation, suggesting an involvement of autocrine FGF signals in the maintenance of proliferating hESCs in the undifferentiated state. In conclusion from our data, we propose that this endogenous FGF signaling pathway can be implicated in self-renewal or differentiation of hESCs.