gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traceless Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleTraceless Solid-Phase Organic SynthesisPaul Blaney, Ronald Grigg, and Visuvanathar SridharanView Author Information Molecular Innovation, Diversity and Automated Synthesis (MIDAS) Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 7, 2607–2624Publication Date (Web):May 30, 2002Publication History Received23 November 2001Published online30 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0103827https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0103827research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2441Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amines,Aromatic compounds,Crystal cleavage,Hydrocarbons,Organic polymers Get e-Alerts
Utilization of Ig heavy chain variable, diversity, and joining gene segments in children with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: implications for the mechanisms of VDJ recombination and for pathogenesis (2004)

Sequence analysis of the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes (IgH) has demonstrated preferential usage of specific variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes at different stages of B-cell development and in B-cell malignancies, and this has provided insight into B-cell maturation and selection. Knowledge of the association between rearrangement patterns based on updated databases and clinical characteristics of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is limited. We analyzed 381 IgH sequences identified at presentation in 317 children with B-lineage ALL and assessed the V(H)D(H)J(H) gene utilization profiles. The D(H)J(H)-proximal V(H) segments and the D(H)2 gene family were significantly overrepresented. Only 21% of V(H)-J(H) joinings were potentially productive, a finding associated with a trend toward an increased risk of relapse. These results suggest that physical location at the V(H) locus is involved in preferential usage of D(H)J(H)-proximal V(H) segments whereas D(H) and J(H) segment usage is governed by position-independent molecular mechanisms. Molecular pathophysiology appears relevant to clinical outcome in patients who have only productive rearrangements, and specific rearrangement patterns are associated with differences in the tumor biology of childhood ALL.
LED power reduction trade-offs for ambulatory pulse oximetry (2007)

The development of ambulatory arterial pulse oximetry is key to longer term monitoring and treatment of cardiovascular and respiratory conditions. The investigation presented in this paper will assist the designer of an ambulatory pulse oximetry monitor in minimizing the overall LED power consumption (P LED,TOT) levels by analyzing the lowest achievable limit as constrained by the optical components, circuitry implementation and final SpO2 reading accuracy required. LED duty cycle (D LED) reduction and light power (P LED,ON) minimization are proposed as methods to reduce P LED,TOT. Bandwidth and signal quality calculations are carried out in order to determine the required P LED,TOT as a function of the different noise sources.
Comparison of Visual and Turbidimetric Methods for Determining Short-term Compatibility of Intravenous Critical-care Drugs (1988)

Visual and turbidimetric methods for determining the short-term compatibility of critical-care i.v. drugs were compared. In phase 1, serial dilutions of calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate were examined visually and turbidimetrically to test the sensitivity of the spectrophotometric method used. In phase 2, i.v. solutions of dobutamine, dopamine, lidocaine, nitroglycerin, and nitroprusside were prepared and studied in all possible combinations of two, three, four and five drugs, for a total of 26 different combinations. In phase 3, 45 two-drug combinations previously reported as physically incompatible were studied. Visual inspection was conducted against a dark and a light background; changes were graded as slight, moderate, or gross. Absorbance was determined at 650 nm; an absorbance value of greater than 0.010 was considered to be evidence of turbidity. Visual, turbidimetric, and pH measurements were done at zero, one, and three hours after mixing. Samples of the calcium chloride-magnesium sulfate mixture that were graded visually as having a slight precipitate had absorbance readings less than 0.010. No physical evidence of incompatibility was observed by either method for dobutamine, dopamine, lidocaine, nitroglycerin, and nitroprusside in any combination. In phase 3, 19 drug combinations were shown to be incompatible; however, only 6 of these (31%) had absorbance readings greater than 0.010 when the visual incompatibility was first observed. There was no physical evidence of incompatibility for several drug combinations that have been listed as incompatible in commonly used references. Turbidimetry does not appear to be as reliable a method for determining the compatibility of drugs as is visual inspection against a dark and a light background.
Effect of Campath-1H antibody on human hematopoietic progenitors in vitro (1993)

The humanized antibody CAMPATH-1H has been shown in pilot studies to be beneficial in the treatment of lymphoid malignancy and other lymphoproliferative diseases. The antigen recognized by this antibody is not confined to lymphoid cells, and work with rat antibodies of similar specificity has not eliminated the possibility of damage to human hematopoietic progenitors, particularly those capable of repopulating bone marrow and sustaining hematopoiesis. This study aimed to discover if hematopoietic progenitor cells were affected by treatment with CAMPATH-1H, with or without human complement. Bone marrow mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers were treated with saturating concentrations of CAMPATH-1H, human complement, or CAMPATH- 1H plus human complement. The CD34-positive fraction of the mononuclear cells was treated similarly. Residual progenitor activity was measured in the colony-forming unit-granulocyte, erythroid, monocyte, megakaryocyte assay and compared with untreated controls. There was no significant difference (at the 5% level) between treated and control cells. Mononuclear cells were divided into CAMPATH-1H-positive and CAMPATH-1H-negative fractions by fluorescein isothiocyanate-CAMPATH-1H labeling and fluorescence-activated cell sorter separation. Hematopoietic progenitors were predominantly found in the CAMPATH-1H- negative fraction. Furthermore, mononuclear cells treated with CAMPATH- 1H and complement were equivalent to controls in experiments that investigated the capacity of these cells to form hematopoietic foci in long-term cultures.
The Effect of Microcurrent Electrical Stimulation on the Foot Blood Circulation and Pain of Diabetic Neuropathy (2011)

[Purpose] This study was performed to investigate the effect of microcurrent electrical stimulation on the foot blood circulation and the degree of pain experienced by diabetes patients. [Subjects] Twenty nine patients with diabetic neuropathy over the age of 60 were randomly divided into an experimental(16 patients, 67.9 ± 8.0 years) and a control group(13 patients, 70.4 ± 4.4 years). [Methods] Both groups walked on a treadmill at a comfortable pace for 50 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks, and each participant's body weight, body composition, and blood lipid were examined at the baseline and 4 weeks later. [Results] The results show that the foot blood flow rate increment after the intervention was significantly different between the experimental group and the control group, and the VAS was also significantly different. [Conclusion] Based on the results of this study, we consider that microcurrent electric stimulation of the foot may be helpful for preventing the pain and diabetic ulcers by increasing the foot blood circulation in diabetes patients.
Langmuir-Blodgett films (1994)

The controlled transfer of organized monolayers of amphiphilic molecules from the airwater interface to a solid substrate was the first molecular-scale technology for the creation of new materials. However, the potential benefits of the technology envisioned by Langmuir and Blodgett in the 1930s have yet to be fully realized. Problems of reproducibility and defects and the lack of basic understanding of the packing of complex molecules in thin films have continued to thwart practical applications of Langmuir-Blodgett films and devices made from such films. However, modern high-resolution x-ray diffraction and scanning probe microscopy have proven to be ideal tools to resolve many of the basic questions involving thin organic films. Here, studies are presented of molecular order and organization in thin films of fatty acid salts, the prototypical system of Katharine Blodgett. Even these relatively simple systems present liquid, hexatic, and crystalline order; van der Waals and strained layer epitaxy on various substrates; wide variations in crystal symmetry and interfacial area with counterions; modulated superstructures; and coexisting lattice structures. The wide variety of possible structures presents both a challenge and an opportunity for future molecular design of organic thin-film devices.
A general theory for deadlock-free adaptive routing using a mixed set of resources (2001)

This paper presents a theoretical framework for the design of deadlock-free fully adaptive routing algorithms for a general class of network topologies and switching techniques in a single, unified theory. A general theory is proposed that allows the design of deadlock avoidance-based as well as deadlock recovery-based wormhole and virtual cut-through adaptive routing algorithms that use a homogeneous or a heterogeneous (mixed) set of resources. The theory also allows channel queues to be allocated nonatomically, utilizing resources efficiently. A general methodology for the design of fully adaptive routing algorithms applicable to arbitrary network topologies is also proposed. The proposed theory and methodology allow the design of efficient network routers that require minimal resources for handling infrequent deadlocks.
An evaluation of directory schemes for cache coherence (1998)

Article Free Access Share on An evaluation of directory schemes for cache coherence Authors: Anant Agarwal Laboratory for Computer, Science (NE43-418), M.I.T. Cambridge, MA Laboratory for Computer, Science (NE43-418), M.I.T. Cambridge, MAView Profile , Richard Simoni Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, CAView Profile , John Hennessy Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, CAView Profile , Mark Horowitz Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISCA '98: 25 years of the international symposia on Computer architecture (selected papers)August 1998 Pages 353–362https://doi.org/10.1145/285930.285995Published:01 August 1998Publication History 4citation673DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads673Last 12 Months24Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Minimum size ROM structure compatible with silicon-gate E/D MOS LSI (1976)

Describes a new read-only memory (ROM) with minimum geometry. A cascade ratioless circuit configuration is used, which is process compatible with silicon-gate metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) large-scale integration (LSI) using depletion load MOSTs. The content of a memory cell in the new ROM is determined by the choice of the MOST threshold mode, either an enhancement or depletion mode; this differs from the conventional ROM structure where the content of a memory cell is distinguished by the thickness of gate oxide. The size of a single bit of the ROM is only 196 /spl mu/m/SUP 2/ and is a reduction of 45 percent compared to a conventional silicon-gate ROM.
Inhibition of Diabrotica Larval Growth by Patatin, the Lipid Acyl Hydrolase from Potato Tubers (1995)

Patatin, the nonspecific lipid acyl hydrolase from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers, dose-dependently inhibits the growth of southern corn rootworm (SCR) and western corn rootworm when fed to them on artificial diet. The 50% growth reduction levels are somewhat cultivar dependent, ranging from 60 to 150 [mu]g/g diet for neonate SCR larvae. A single patatin isoform also inhibits larval growth. Neonate SCR continuously exposed to patatin are halted in larval development. Treatment with di-isopropylfluorophosphate essentially eliminates patatin's phospholipase, galactolipase, and acyl hydrolase activities. SCR growth inhibition is eliminated also, indicating that patatin's serine hydrolase activity is responsible for the observed activities. Patatin-mediated phospholipolysis is highly pH and cultivar dependent, with specific activities up to 300-fold less at pH 5.5 than at pH 8.5. Esterase or phospholipase activities do not correlate with insect growth inhibition. Galactolipase activity, being cultivar and pH independent, correlates significantly with SCR growth inhibition. Insect-growth inhibition of patatin is significantly reduced with increased dietary cholesterol levels. In conclusion, patatin represents a new class of insect-control proteins with a novel mode of action possibly involving lipid metabolism.
Carboxylic acid reductase is a versatile enzyme for the conversion of fatty acids into fuels and chemical commodities (2012)

Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as fatty alcohols and petroleum-derived alkanes have numerous applications in the chemical industry. In recent years, the renewable synthesis of aliphatic hydrocarbons has been made possible by engineering microbes to overaccumulate fatty acids. However, to generate end products with the desired physicochemical properties (e.g., fatty aldehydes, alkanes, and alcohols), further conversion of the fatty acid is necessary. A carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) from Mycobacterium marinum was found to convert a wide range of aliphatic fatty acids (C(6)-C(18)) into corresponding aldehydes. Together with the broad-substrate specificity of an aldehyde reductase or an aldehyde decarbonylase, the catalytic conversion of fatty acids to fatty alcohols (C(8)-C(16)) or fatty alkanes (C(7)-C(15)) was reconstituted in vitro. This concept was applied in vivo, in combination with a chain-length-specific thioesterase, to engineer Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strains that were capable of synthesizing fatty alcohols and alkanes. A fatty alcohol titer exceeding 350 mg·L(-1) was obtained in minimal media supplemented with glucose. Moreover, by combining the CAR-dependent pathway with an exogenous fatty acid-generating lipase, natural oils (coconut oil, palm oil, and algal oil bodies) were enzymatically converted into fatty alcohols across a broad chain-length range (C(8)-C(18)). Together with complementing enzymes, the broad substrate specificity and kinetic characteristics of CAR opens the road for direct and tailored enzyme-catalyzed conversion of lipids into user-ready chemical commodities.
Human evaluation of machine translation through binary system comparisons (2007)

We introduce a novel evaluation scheme for the human evaluation of different machine translation systems. Our method is based on direct comparison of two sentences at a time by human judges. These binary judgments are then used to decide between all possible rankings of the systems. The advantages of this new method are the lower dependency on extensive evaluation guidelines, and a tighter focus on a typical evaluation task, namely the ranking of systems. Furthermore we argue that machine translation evaluations should be regarded as statistical processes, both for human and automatic evaluation. We show how confidence ranges for state-of-the-art evaluation measures such as WER and TER can be computed accurately and efficiently without having to resort to Monte Carlo estimates. We give an example of our new evaluation scheme, as well as a comparison with classical automatic and human evaluation on data from a recent international evaluation campaign.
Relief of asthma in two patients receiving danazol for endometriosis. (1984)

This paper describes two patients with endometriosis in whom treatment with danazol resulted in a concomitant remission of asthma. Neither patient reported an association of clinical symptoms with phases of their menstrual cycle. Whether the remission was fortuitous or related to suppression of the activity of the endometriotic tissue or to the ability of danazol to increase the serum levels of two protease inhibitors that are deficient in patients with asthma remains to be determined.
La práctica de la argumentación (2010)

La argumentacion es una actividad
cotidiana y necesaria en la vida del profesional, del jurista, del vendedor, del financista y hasta del hombre del cafe...
Todos pretendemos defender con exito
nuestros puntos de vista y debilitar o
refutar los del adversario. Incluso pue·
de suponerse sensatamente que la aro
gumentacion tiene un valor de supervivencia
para la especie humana, por
cuanto que mediante ella se logra a
menudo dirimir pacificamente los conceptos personales y grupales.
Targeted anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody therapy for cancer: a review of the rationale and clinical evidence. (2003)

Interleukin (IL)-6, a pleiotropic cytokine with varied systemic functions, plays a major role in inflammatory processes. It modulates the transcription of several liver-specific genes during acute inflammatory states, particularly C-reactive protein, and controls the survival of normal plasmablastic cells. In addition, IL-6 has been implicated in hematopoiesis as a cofactor in stem cell amplification and differentiation. This article is the first review of clinical studies in the 1990s with anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of patients with cancer and related lymphoproliferative disorders. In six clinical studies of mAbs to IL-6 with BE-8 or CNTO 328 in patients with multiple myeloma, renal cell carcinoma, and B-lymphoproliferative disorders, anti-IL-6 mAb treatment decreased C-reactive protein levels in all patients. In most patients, levels decreased below detectable limits. The antibodies were well tolerated, and no serious adverse effects were observed in the vast majority of studies. The fact that anti-IL-6 mAb therapy decreased the incidence of cancer-related anorexia and cachexia may also be useful in the treatment of cancer patients.
Intercellular adhesion molecule 3, a third adhesion counter-receptor for lymphocyte function-associated molecule 1 on resting lymphocytes. (1992)

Recent studies suggest that some T and B lymphocyte cell lines bind to the integrin lymphocyte function-associated molecule 1 (LFA-1) chiefly through a pathway independent of its two known counter-receptors, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs)-1 and -2. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) was raised that, in combination with blocking mAb to ICAM-1 and ICAM-2, can completely inhibit binding of these cell lines to purified LFA-1. This third ligand, designated ICAM-3 based on its functional relatedness to ICAM-1 and -2, is a highly glycosylated protein of 124,000 Mr. It is well expressed on all leukocytes and absent from endothelial cells. In assays of adhesion of resting lymphocytes to purified LFA-1, ICAM-3 is by far the most functionally important ICAM, implying an important role for ICAM-3 in the generation of immune responses.
Ionic Liquid Integrated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube in a Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Matrix: Formation of a Piezoelectric β-Polymorph with Significant Reinforcement and Conductivity Improvement (2013)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are functionalized covalently with ionic liquid (IL, 3-aminoethyl imidazolium bromide) which helps good dispersion of IL-functionalized MWNTs (MWNT-IL) in the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix. Analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs suggests ∼10 nm coating thickness of MWNTs by ILs, and the covalent linkage of ILs with MWNTs is confirmed from FT-IR and Raman spectra. PVDF nanocomposites with full β-polymorphic (piezoelectric) form are prepared using MWNT-IL by both the solvent cast and melt-blending methods. The FE-SEM and TEM micrographs indicate that IL-bound MWNTs are homogeneously dispersed within the PVDF matrix. Increasing MWNT-IL concentration in the composites results in increased β polymorph formation with a concomitant decrease of the α polymorph, and a 100% β polymorph formation occurs for 1 wt % MWNT-IL in both the fabrication conditions. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study shows that the MWNT-ILs are an efficient nucleating agent for PVDF crystallization preferentially nucleating the β form due to its dipolar interactions with PVDF. The glass transition temperature (T(g)) gradually increases with an increase in MWNT-IL concentration, and the storage modulus (G') of the composites increases significantly, showing a maximum increase of 101.3% for 0.5 wt % MWNT-IL. The Young's modulus increases with MWNT-IL concentration, and analysis of the data using the Halpin-Tsai equation suggests that at low concentration they adopt an orientation parallel to the film surface; however, at higher MWNT-IL concentration it is randomly oriented. The tensile strength also increases with an increase in MWNT-IL concentration, and both the Young's modulus and the tensile strength of solvent cast films are lower than melt-blended samples. The elongation at break in the solvent cast samples shows a maximum, but in melt-blended samples it decreases continuously with increasing MWNT-IL concentration. The composites exhibit a very low conductivity percolation threshold at 0.05 wt %, and the three-dimensional conducting network is produced. Higher conductivity (∼1 S/cm for 1% MWNT-IL) than other MWNT/PVDF composites has been attributed to the anchored ionic liquid.