gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GPU-based frequency domain volume rendering (2004)

Frequency domain volume rendering (FVR) is a volume rendering technique with lower computational complexity as compared to other techniques. In this paper the FVR algorithm is accelerated by factor of 17 by mapping the rendering stage to the GPU. The overall hardware-accelerated pipeline is discussed and the changes according to previous work are pointed out. The three-dimensional transformation into frequency domain is done in a pre-processing step. The rendering step is computed completely on the GPU. First the projection slice is extracted. Four different interpolation schemes are used for resampling the slice from the data represented by a 3D texture. The extracted slice is transformed back into the spatial domain using the inverse Fast Fourier or Fast Hartley Transform. The rendering stage is implemented through shader programs running on programmable graphics hardware achieving highly interactive framerates.
Melatonin Attenuates Memory Impairment, Amyloid-β Accumulation, and Neurodegeneration in a Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease (2015)

Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule and plays a crucial role in the regulation of circadian rhythms. The role of melatonin in the protection of the central nervous system is well documented. Therefore, melatonin was proposed as a possible therapeutic agent for reducing the severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline and memory dysfunction. Recently, we showed beneficial neuroprotective effects of prophylactic supplementation with melatonin in a suitable model of sporadic AD: OXYS rats, which exhibit disturbances in melatonin secretion. In the present study, we demonstrated that melatonin administration, when started at the age of active progression of AD-like pathology, decreased the amyloid-β1 - 42 and amyloid-β1 - 40 levels in the hippocampus and amyloid-β1 - 42 levels in the frontal cortex of OXYS rats. Furthermore, oral administration of melatonin slowed down degenerative alterations in hippocampal neurons of OXYS rats. The most noticeable improvement was observed in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Melatonin administration prevented the decrease in the mitochondria-occupied portion of the neuronal volume and improved the ultrastructure of mitochondria in the neurons of the CA1 region. Additionally, melatonin treatment of OXYS rats slowed down an increase in anxiety and deterioration of reference memory. Thus, melatonin administration could alleviate the burden of AD and may be considered a promising pharmaceutical treatment of the disease.
Epileptiform activity induced by changes in extracellular potassium in hippocampus (1985)

Using extra- and intracellular recording techniques, we investigated the induction and frequency modulation of spontaneous epileptiform activity produced by changes in the concentration of extracellular potassium ([K+]o). This paper describes a quantitative relationship between [K+]o and the frequency of spontaneously occurring epileptiform events. Recordings were made from the CA3 subfield of the rat in vitro hippocampal slice preparation. Intracellular microelectrodes were filled with 2 M Cs2SO4 and connected to a 3-kHz, time-share, single-electrode current- and voltage-clamp device. The frequency of spontaneous epileptiform (interictal) discharges was determined from extracellular recordings as a function of [K+]o. Current- and voltage-clamp techniques were used to characterize the intracellular correlate of these epileptiform events. The frequency of bicuculline-induced spontaneous epileptiform discharges was dependent on [K+]o. Below 4 mM [K+]o, spontaneous discharges occurred sporadically in the presence of 10 microM bicuculline. Increasing [K+]o from 5 to 10 mM caused a fivefold increase in the rate of spontaneous discharges. Spontaneous epileptiform discharges also occurred in the absence of bicuculline when [K+]o was increased above 6.5 mM. The rate of these discharges was dependent on [K+]o in much the same way as the discharges induced by bicuculline. For any given [K+]o concentration greater than 6.5 mM, however, the resultant discharge rate was faster than that obtained when bicuculline was present in the bathing solution. Simultaneous intra- and extracellular recordings revealed that the spontaneous high-[K+]o-induced interictal discharge was accompanied by a large depolarization of the membrane potential that appeared similar to the paroxysmal depolarizing shift (PDS) seen with other convulsants. The intracellularly recorded event fulfilled the criteria for a synaptically mediated PDS. The waveform of the PDS was complex and dependent on the membrane potential. When the membrane potential was held at 0 mV, spontaneously occurring hyperpolarizing potentials were noted during the inter-PDS interval. These events were blocked by picrotoxin or bicuculline and were probably spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. The complexity of the PDS waveform suggested that more than one synaptic conductance was involved in the generation of the PDS. The mean measured reversal potential of the depolarizing phase was -10.7 mV. Voltage-clamp techniques were used to measure the conductance underlying the depolarizing phase of the high-[K+]o-induced PDS. The mean measured conductance was 51.5 nS, with a reversal potential of -7.9 mV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Immunomodulatory effects of RXR rexinoids: modulation of high-affinity IL-2R expression enhances susceptibility to denileukin diftitox (2002)

Rexinoids binding to both the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) families of rexinoid receptors have demonstrated clinical activity in hematologic malignancies and have been shown to mediate genes associated with both growth and differentiation. RXR rexinoids have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, but the mechanism of action is unclear. We explored the immunomodulatory effects of RAR and RXR rexinoids in human T- and B-cell leukemia cells and demonstrated that RXR rexinoids are capable of up-regulating high-affinity interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression. Exposure to 10(-6) to 10(-10) M bexarotene or Panretin for 48 hours was associated with increased expression of both the p55 and p75 subunits of the IL-2R in T-cell leukemias and p75 in B-cell leukemias. Furthermore, rexinoid exposure enhanced susceptibility of the cells to denileukin diftitox fusion toxin-targeting and -intoxicating cells expressing high-affinity IL-2R. These results suggest a rationale for combining rexinoids with IL-2R-targeted therapies in lymphoid malignancies as well as possibly in autoimmune diseases.
The feasibility of posture and movement detection by accelerometry (2005)

The discrimination of postures and movements using a minimal set of uniaxial accelerometers was investigated. Postures and movements were distinguished on the bitsis of the high-pm filtered, rectified and low pass filtered signal of one accelerometer. Postures were discriminated by combining the constant valued signals of the accelerometers, mounted on different segments of the body. One sensor mounted ndiully on the trunc and one mounted radially or tangentially on the upper leg appeared to be suficient to discriminate shnding, sitting and lying. Methods are proposed for the discrimination of different cyclical movements.
Deformable ConvNets v2: More Deformable, Better Results (2018)

The superior performance of Deformable Convolutional Networks arises from its ability to adapt to the geometric variations of objects. Through an examination of its adaptive behavior, we observe that while the spatial support for its neural features conforms more closely than regular ConvNets to object structure, this support may nevertheless extend well beyond the region of interest, causing features to be influenced by irrelevant image content. To address this problem, we present a reformulation of Deformable ConvNets that improves its ability to focus on pertinent image regions, through increased modeling power and stronger training. The modeling power is enhanced through a more comprehensive integration of deformable convolution within the network, and by introducing a modulation mechanism that expands the scope of deformation modeling. To effectively harness this enriched modeling capability, we guide network training via a proposed feature mimicking scheme that helps the network to learn features that reflect the object focus and classification power of R-CNN features. With the proposed contributions, this new version of Deformable ConvNets yields significant performance gains over the original model and produces leading results on the COCO benchmark for object detection and instance segmentation.
Prohormone thiol protease' (PTP) a novel cysteine protein for proenkephalin and prohormone processing" in Proteolytic and cellular mechanisms in prohormone and proprotein processing (1998)

Production of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters requires several steps which involves transcription of the pro-hormone gene, translation of the corresponding mRNA, packaging of the prohormone into secretory vesicles, processing by proteolytic mechanisms, storage of mature neuropeptides in secretory vesicles, and regulated secretion of bioactive peptides. Among these steps, posttranslational processing is required for converting the inactive protein precursor into biologically active neuropeptides. Clearly, limited proteolysis is crticical for generating neuropeptides. Endoproteases and extoproteases are required for prohormone processing, which occurs in the regulated secretory pathway of neuroendocrine cells. These potent neuropeptides are stored and secreted from secretory vesicles. The released peptide hormones and neurotransmitters mediate cell-cell communication in neuroendocrine systems.
Experimental optimization of a real time fed-batch fermentation process using Markov decision process (1997)

This article describes a methodology that implements a Markov decision process (MDP) optimization technique in a real time fed-batch experiment. Biological systems can be better modeled under the stochastic framework and MDP is shown to be a suitable technique for their optimization. A nonlinear input/output model is used to calculate the probability transitions. All elements of the MDP are identified according to physical parameters. Finally, this study compares the results obtained when optimizing ethanol production using the infinite horizon problem, with total expected discount policy, to previous experimental results aimed at optimizing ethanol production using a recombinant Escherichia coli fed-batch cultivation. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 317-327, 1997.
Control of directionality in integrase-mediated recombination: examination of recombination directionality factors (RDFs) including Xis and Cox proteins (2001)

Similarity between the DNA substrates and products of integrase-mediated site-specific recombination reactions results in a single recombinase enzyme being able to catalyze both the integration and excision reactions. The control of directionality in these reactions is achieved through a class of small accessory factors that favor one reaction while interfering with the other. These proteins, which we will refer to collectively as recombination directionality factors (RDFs), play architectural roles in reactions catalyzed by their cognate recombinases and have been identified in conjunction with both tyrosine and serine integrases. Previously identified RDFs are typically small, basic and have diverse amino acid sequences. A subset of RDFs, the cox genes, also function as transcriptional regulators. We present here a compilation of all the known RDF proteins as well as those identified through database mining that we predict to be involved in conferring recombination directionality. Analysis of this group of proteins shows that they can be grouped into distinct sub-groups based on their sequence similarities and that they are likely to have arisen from several independent evolutionary lineages. This compilation will prove useful in recognizing new proteins that confer directionality upon site-specific recombination reactions encoded by plasmids, transposons, phages and prophages.
OCR in Bangla: an Indo-Bangladeshi language (2002)

In this paper a complete OCR system is described for documents of single Bangla (Bengali) font. The character shapes are recognized by a combination of template and feature matching approach. Images digitized by flatbed scanner are subjected to skew correction, line, word and character segmentation, simple and compound character separation, feature extraction and finally character recognition. A feature based tree classifier is used for simple character recognition. Preprocessing like thinning and skeletonization is not necessary in our scheme and hence the system is quite fast. At present, the system has an accuracy of about 96%. Also, some character occurrence statistics have been computed to model an error detection and correction technique in the near future.
A yellow-pages service for a local-area network (1987)

We introduce a yellow-pages service that maps service names into server addresses. The service is novel in that it associates a set of attributes with each server. Clients specify the attributes the server should possess when requesting a service and the yellow-pages service determines what servers satisfy the request. In addition to describing the implementation of the yellow-pages service within a local-area network, we show how the service can be integrated with the available internet communication protocols to enable clients from throughout the internet to access local servers.
Vascular endothelial growth factor is essential for initial but not continued in vivo growth of human breast carcinoma cells. (1997)

In this study, we used a self-contained tetracycline-regulated retroviral vector system to elucidate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in controlling s.c. growth of human T-47D breast carcinoma cells. VEGF expression was tightly regulated by this system, both in vitro and in nude mouse xenografts. A 2.4-fold increase in tumor volume was associated with VEGF overexpression. Tumor growth was almost completely inhibited when VEGF was suppressed from the time of T-47D cell inoculation, and a 6-fold reduction in tumor volume was observed when VEGF suppression was started in 175-mm3 tumors. However, no growth inhibition was observed when VEGF suppression was started in 820-mm3 tumors. In these tumors, basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha RNA expression was detected after VEGF was switched off. These findings demonstrate that VEGF is critical for the initial s.c. growth of T-47D breast carcinoma cells, whereas other angiogenic factors can compensate for the loss of VEGF after the tumors have reached a certain size.
Evidence for lateral transfer and recombination in OspC variation in Lyme disease Borrelia (1995)

The ospC gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from each of 76 Lyme disease Borrelia strains. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis demonstrated 33 distinct RFLP types; two additional RFLP types were identified from published ospC sequences. For each RFLP type, at least one ospC gene was sequenced and the degree of sequence relatedness examined by construction of an ospC gene tree. The genes were extremely diverse, with sequence identity ranging from 74.4% to 99.0%; the majority of changes are localized within the central portion of the molecule. A comparison of ospC sequences suggests that recombination occurs frequently between ospC alleles; this genetic exchange is proposed to be mediated by lateral transfer of ospC sequences. Evidence indicates that recombination occurs between ospC genes from the same Borrelia species (i.e. B. afzelii and B. garinii) as well as between different Borrelia species (i.e. B. afzelii and B. garinii, B. burgdorferi and genogroup DN127).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Isolation of Chlorocarbazoles Obtained by Chlorination of N‐Substituted Carbazoles. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Arterial Baroreflex Modulation of Heart Rate in Chronic Heart Failure (1997)

In moderate to severe CHF, a depressed sensitivity of vagal reflexes parallels the deterioration of clinical and hemodynamic status and is significantly associated with poor survival. Particularly in patients with severe mitral regurgitation the baroreceptor modulation of heart rate provides prognostic information of incremental value to hemodynamic parameters.
Contribution of IL-33–activated type II innate lymphoid cells to pulmonary eosinophilia in intestinal nematode-infected mice (2012)

When animals are infected with helminthic parasites, resistant hosts show type II helper T immune responses to expel worms. Recently, natural helper (NH) cells or nuocytes, newly identified type II innate lymphoid cells, are shown to express ST2 (IL-33 receptor) and produce IL-5 and IL-13 when stimulated with IL-33. Here we show the relevant roles of endogenous IL-33 for Strongyloides venezuelensis infection-induced lung eosinophilic inflammation by using Il33(-/-) mice. Alveolar epithelial type II cells (ATII) express IL-33 in their nucleus. Infection with S. venezuelensis or intranasal administration of chitin increases in the number of ATII cells and the level of IL-33. S. venezuelensis infection induces pulmonary accumulation of NH cells, which, after being stimulated with IL-33, proliferate and produce IL-5 and IL-13. Furthermore, S. venezuelensis infected Rag2(-/-) mice increase the number of ATII cells, NH cells, and eosinophils and the expression of IL-33 in their lungs. Finally, IL-33-stimulated NH cells induce lung eosinophilic inflammation and might aid to expel infected worms in the lungs.
Infarct Tissue Heterogeneity Assessed With Contrast-Enhanced MRI Predicts Spontaneous Ventricular Arrhythmia in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (2009)

Infarct tissue heterogeneity on contrast-enhanced MRI is the strongest predictor of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia with subsequent ICD therapy (as surrogate of sudden cardiac death) among other clinical and MRI variables, that is, total infarct size and left ventricular function and volumes, in patients with previous myocardial infarction.
Netrin 1 acts as an attractive or as a repulsive cue for distinct migrating neurons during the development of the cerebellar system (2000)

Netrin 1 is a long-range diffusible factor that exerts chemoattractive or chemorepulsive effects on developing axons growing to or away from the neural midline. Here we used tissue explants to study the action of netrin 1 in the migration of several cerebellar and precerebellar cell progenitors. We show that netrin 1 exerts a strong chemoattractive effect on migrating neurons from the embryonic lower rhombic lip at E12-E14, which give rise to precerebellar nuclei. Netrin 1 promotes the exit of postmitotic migrating neurons from the embryonic lower rhombic lip and upregulates the expression of TAG-1 in these neurons. In addition, in the presence of netrin 1, the migrating neurons are not isolated but are associated with thick fascicles of neurites, typical of the neurophilic way of migration. In contrast, the embryonic upper rhombic lip, which contains tangentially migrating granule cell progenitors, did not respond to netrin 1. Finally, in the postnatal cerebellum, netrin 1 repels both the parallel fibres and migrating granule cells growing out from explants taken from the external germinal layer. The developmental patterns of expression in vivo of netrin 1 and its receptors are consistent with the notion that netrin 1 secreted in the midline acts as chemoattractive cue for precerebellar neurons migrating circumferentially along the extramural stream. Similarly, the pattern of expression in the postnatal cerebellum suggests that netrin 1 could regulate the tangential migration of postmitotic premigratory granule cells. Thus, molecular mechanisms considered as primarily involved in axonal guidance appear also to steer neuronal cell migration.
Seroma as a Common Donor Site Morbidity After Harvesting the Latissimus Dorsi Flap (1997)

This prospective study reveals that the incidence of seroma formation after harvesting the latissimus dorsi muscle by scalpel is reasonably moderate. This incidence is lower when the resulting skin flaps are tacked to the underlying structures with resorbable sutures. In contrast, electrocautery dissection shows a significantly much higher rate of seroma formation, probably because of thermal injury of the wide fascial wound layers or the subcutaneous fat tissue. Fifty-eight patients were distributed among three groups. Within each group a specific way of latissimus dorsi muscle harvesting and donor site treatment was accomplished. The group of scalpel dissection and skin flap fixation to the underlying layers with additional tacking sutures shows the lowest rate of seroma formation (9.1%, N = 2) due to the avoidance of shearing effects. A clearly higher incidence is present in the group of scalpel dissection without tacking sutures (38.1%, N = 8), whereas seromas most frequently result after electrocautery dissection without skin flap fixation (80.0%, N = 12).
Distinct Roles of Synaptic and Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors in Excitotoxicity (2000)

Excitatory synaptic activity governs excitotoxicity and modulates the distribution of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) among synaptic and extrasynaptic sites of central neurons. We investigated whether NMDAR localization was functionally linked to excitotoxicity by perturbing F-actin, a cytoskeletal protein that participates in targeting synaptic NMDARs in dendritic spines. Depolymerizing F-actin did not affect NMDA-evoked whole-cell currents. However, the number of dendritic NMDAR clusters and the NMDAR-mediated component of miniature spontaneous EPSCs were reduced, whereas the number of AMPA receptor clusters and AMPA receptor-mediated component of EPSCs was unchanged. This selective perturbation of synaptically activated NMDARs had no effect on neuronal death or the accumulation of (45)Ca(2+) evoked by applying exogenous NMDA or L-glutamate, which reach both synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors. However, it increased survival and decreased (45)Ca(2+) accumulation in neurons exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation, which causes excitotoxicity by glutamate release at synapses. Thus, synaptically and extrasynaptically activated NMDARs are equally capable of excitotoxicity. However, their relative contributions vary with the location of extracellular excitotoxin accumulation, a factor governed by the mechanism of extracellular neurotransmitter accumulation, not the synaptic activation of NMDARs.