gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A region in Shc distinct from the SH2 domain can bind tyrosine-phosphorylated growth factor receptors. (1994)

Shc is a ubiquitously expressed Src homology 2 (SH2) domain protein that can transform fibroblasts and differentiate PC12 cells in a Ras-dependent fashion. Shc binds a variety of tyrosine-phosphorylated growth factor receptors presumably via its carboxyl-terminal SH2 domain. We cloned a fragment of Shc when screening a bacterial expression library with tyrosine-phosphorylated epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. Surprisingly, this fragment encodes the amino terminus of Shc, a region that has no significant similarity to an SH2 domain. When expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein, this amino-terminal domain binds to autophosphorylated EGF receptor, as well as HER2/neu and TrkA receptors. This fragment acts like an SH2 domain in that it does not bind non-phosphorylated EGF receptor or EGF receptor with all tyrosine phosphorylation sites mutated or deleted. Our data define a novel domain in Shc that has the potential to interact with growth factor receptors and other tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins.
Targeted sequencing library preparation by genomic DNA circularization (2011)

We anticipate that these rapid targeted libraries will be useful for validation of variants and may have diagnostic application.
Targeting of transgene expression to monocyte/macrophages by the gp91-phox promoter and consequent histiocytic malignancies. (1991)

A component of a heterodimeric cytochrome b, designated gp91-phox, is required for the microbicidal activity of phagocytic cells and is expressed exclusively in differentiated myelomonocytic cells (granulocytes; monocyte/macrophages). In an attempt to identify cis-elements responsible for this restricted pattern of expression, we produced transgenic mice carrying reporter genes linked to the human gp91-phox promoter. Immunohistochemical and RNA analyses indicate that 450 base pairs of the proximal gp91-phox promoter is sufficient to target reporter expression to a subset of monocyte/macrophages. Mice expressing simian virus 40 large tumor antigen under control of the gp91-phox promoter develop monocyte/macrophage-derived malignancies with complete penetrance at 6-12 mo of age and provide an animal model of true histiocytic lymphoma. As these transgenes are inactive in most phagocytic cells that express the endogenous gp91-phox-encoding gene, we infer that additional genomic regulatory elements are necessary for appropriate targeting to the full complement of phagocytes in vivo.
Interleukin-10/lymphocyte ratio predicts mortality in severe septic patients (2017)

IL10LCR level is significantly associated with the severity and outcome of severe septic patients. It may serve as a biomarker for sepsis-induced immunosuppression.
90年代社会科学的文化疆界:关于文献,信息及知识创造的新方针 (1989)

20多年来,本杂志一直注重社会科学中的资料、信息和文献工作问题。已发表的有关论文有《比较研究中的资料》(1964年16卷1期);《社会科学中的计算机和文献工作》(1971年23卷2期);《信息经济学和经济学家的信息》(1976年28卷3期);《社会经济信息:系统、用途和需求》(1981年33卷1期)等。1978年,我们开辟了资料、信息和文献专栏。继对这样的问题的许多其它分析和评估之后,本期发表J·迈克尔·布里顿的这篇文章,布里顿先生经常为《国际社会科学杂志》撰文。
Methodologies for Risk and Hazard Assessment: A Survey and Status Report (1980)

Contemporary efforts relevant to the development of a theory of technological hazard and risk assessment are surveyed. Taxonomies of the types and scope of risks, as well as risk magitudes and individual or group prospensity for risk taking, are described as are cognitive perceptions of risk and hazard issues. Methodological needs to enable efficacious assessment of the effects of potential risks and associated resource allocation are discussed.
Interaction of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and β with the rat caeruloplasmin gene promoter (1993)

To determine the mechanisms of expression of the rat caeruloplasmin gene, the promoter region was analysed by DNAase I footprinting. Using nuclear extract from rat liver, a prominent site of protein-DNA interaction was detected from -93 to -48 upstream of the caeruloplasmin gene transcription start and sequence analysis of this region revealed three potential CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) consensus elements. Mobility-shift analysis using an oligonucleotide encoding this region identified specific binding of proteins from rat liver nuclear extract, and some of these complexes were supershifted using antisera to the C/EBP alpha and beta family members. Mobility-shift studies using a polypeptide encoding the DNA-binding domain of C/EBP alpha also revealed a specific interaction with this region of the caeruloplasmin promoter, and DNAase I footprinting using this polypeptide protected the identical region from -93 to -48. Co-transfection of expression plasmids encoding C/EBP alpha or a related leucine-zipper factor D-binding protein (DBP) revealed a C/EBP-specific increase in reporter gene activity in HepG2 cells transfected with caeruloplasmin-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase containing the -93 to -48 region. A similar result was obtained when these constructs were co-transfected into mouse L cells which were shown not to express the endogenous caeruloplasmin gene. Taken together, these data indicate a role for C/EBP alpha and beta in mediating transcription from the caeruloplasmin gene promoter and suggest that this region of the promoter is not responsible for tissue-specific expression.
THE INNERVATION OF THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISC: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS. (2003)

Introduction: Although it is well recognized that the outer annulus is innervated, the relative densities of innervation of different regions of the disc have not been quantitated. We present here the first comparative analysis of the innervation of the innervation of different regions of the lumbar intervertebral disc. Methods: A sheep model was used allowing evaluation of the whole motion segment. Four sheep spines were used. One was processed for PGP 9.5 immunoflourescence and three were processed for PGP 9.5 immunoperoxidase histochemistry. Serial sagittal sections were obtained and a count was made of the densities of innervation of different regions of the endplate and annulus. These were compared to identify which areas of the disc and endplate are most innervated. Results: The endplate innervation is concentrated centrally adjoining the nucleus. The mean density of innervation of the central endplate was 0.44 (SEM 0.07) nerves/ mm 2 while the mean density of the peripheral endplate was 0.10 (SEM 0.03) nerves/ mm 2 (p= 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the overall endplate and annulus innervation densities 0.52 (SEM 0.1) v 0.37 (SEM 0.07) p=0.2. But the peri-annular connective tissue, external to the outer annulus contained the densest innervation of any region in the motion segment 1.05 (SEM 0.16). Discussion: The lumbar intervertebral disc has a meagre innervation. This is concentrated in the peri-annular connective tissue and the central endplate. While receptor threshold is more closely related to nociceptive function than innervation density, these findings have important implications for any treatment of discogenic pain.
Genomics of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2011)

The acute myeloid leukemia (AML) genome has been the subject of intensive research over the past 4 decades. New technologies, enabling characterization of the AML genome at increased resolution, have revealed deeper layers of complexity that have provided insights into the biological basis of this disease, nominated targets for therapy, and identified biomarkers predictive of response to therapy or long-term prognosis. Still, our understanding of AML genomics is incomplete. Recent publications have demonstrated that whole genome sequencing of primary AML samples is feasible and can detect novel, clinically relevant mutations. New insights are emerging from this work, including the clonal heterogeneity of this disease and clonal evolution that occurs over time. Some of the novel mutations are highly recurrent (>20% of patients), but there appears to be a continuum of mutation frequency down to rare (<5%) or even singleton mutations that may be relevant for the biology of this disease. Large cohorts of well-annotated samples are needed to establish mutation frequencies, implicate biological pathways, and demonstrate genotype-phenotype correlations. Although many technical and logistical challenges must be overcome, the capacity of whole genome sequencing to detect all classes of inherited and acquired genetic abnormalities makes it an attractive candidate for development as a clinical diagnostic test.
Identification of a gene encoding a melanoma tumor antigen recognized by HLA-A31-restricted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. (1995)

The availability of antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes which can be generated from either peripheral blood lymphocytes after stimulation in vitro or tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has made it possible to identify a number of melanoma antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. The present and previous studies indicated that TIL586 recognized an antigen expressed on most melanoma and normal melanocytes in the context of the HLA-A31 molecule. We report here the cloning of a cDNA that directs the expression of the shared melanoma antigen recognized by this TIL. The DNA sequence analysis revealed that the cDNA was almost identical to the gene encoding tyrosinase-related protein 1 or glycoprotein gp75 which was originally identified by serum antibodies in a patient with melanoma. The gene was found to be expressed only in melanoma, normal melanocyte cell lines, and retina, but not in other normal tissues tested. The gp75 antigen presented by HLA-A31 may therefore constitute a useful immune target for specific treatment of patients with melanoma, since both antibody- and T cell-mediated immune responses can be generated against this antigen.
ZEB1 represses E-cadherin and induces an EMT by recruiting the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling protein BRG1 (2010)

Loss of E-cadherin is a key initial step in the transdifferentiation of epithelial cells to a mesenchymal phenotype, which occurs when tumor epithelial cells invade into surrounding tissues. Expression of the nuclear factor ZEB1 induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and confers a metastatic phenotype on carcinomas by repressing the E-cadherin gene at the transcriptional level. In this study, we show that ZEB1 interacts with the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling protein BRG1 to regulate E-cadherin independently of CtBP, its traditional co-repressor. Blocking the interaction between ZEB1 and BRG1 induces expression of E-cadherin and downregulation of the mesenchymal marker vimentin. ZEB1 and BRG1 colocalize in E-cadherin-negative cells from cancer lines and in the stroma of normal colon. Colocalization of ZEB1 and BRG1 in epithelial cells is only found in those de-differentiated cells characterized by nuclear beta-catenin staining at the invasive edge of the tumor. Our results identify ZEB1/BRG1 as a new transcriptional mechanism regulating E-cadherin expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation that may be involved during the initial stages of tumor invasion.
Comparison of Secure Development Frameworks for Korean e-Government Systems (2014)

Recently, new development guides have been announced for building secure e-government systems by the Korean government. The guides aim to reduce significant amount of security vulnerabilities and weaknesses inside source codes using secure coding practices. In this paper, we present an overview of the new development guides from various methodological perspectives. We also provide results of comparison to major security enhanced frameworks including CLASP, SAMM, and other domestic security frameworks.
Human peripheral gamma delta T cells recognize hsp60 molecules on Daudi Burkitt’s lymphoma cells (1993)

Studies with the use of polyclonal rabbit antiserum reactive with 60-kDa heat shock proteins (hsp60) suggested that hsp60-related molecules could be found on the surface of Daudi cells and were involved in their recognition by certain human gamma delta T cells. The present study confirms this finding by using a mAb specifically recognizing hsp60. This mAb can block outgrowth of human gamma delta T cells in response to stimulation with Daudi and in response to an extract of the mycobacteria H37Ra. This anti-hsp60 mAb stains the surface of Daudi cells, but does not stain either Raji or EBV-transformed B cells, cells which do not stimulate gamma delta T cell outgrowth. Anti-hsp60 mAb could immunoprecipitate a 60-kDa molecule from the H37Ra extract but was unable to precipitate this 60-kDa molecule if the mAb was first absorbed on Daudi cells. This mAb also precipitated a 60-kDa molecule from the surface of Daudi cells which shows an electrophoretic mobility pattern consistent with hsp60. These experiments demonstrate that human gamma delta T cells recognize hsp60-related epitopes on the surface of Daudi cells and within mycobacterial extracts.
Multidrug Resistance (1991)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Linkage of decreased bone mass with impaired osteoblastogenesis in a murine model of accelerated senescence. (1996)

Bone marrow is the principal site for osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis; and an increase in the former has been linked with bone loss caused by acute loss of gonadal steroids. We have now used an established murine model of accelerated senescence and osteopenia (SAMP6) to test the hypothesis that reduced osteoblastogenesis is linked with decreased bone mass. At 1 mo of age, the number of osteoblast progenitors in SAMP6 marrow was indistinguishable from controls; however a threefold decrease was found at 3-4 mo of age. Impaired osteoblast formation was temporally associated with decreased bone formation and decreased bone mineral density, as determined by histomorphometric analysis of tetracycline-labeled cancellous bone and dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry, respectively. Osteoclastogenesis determined in ex vivo bone marrow cultures was also decreased in these mice, as was the number of osteoclasts in histologic sections. Moreover, unlike controls, senescenceaccelerated mice failed to increase osteoclast development after gonadectomy. The osteoclastogenesis defect was secondary to impaired osteoblast formation as evidenced by the fact that osteoclastogenesis could be restored by addition of osteoblastic cells from normal mice. These findings provide the first demonstration of a link between low bone mineral density and decreased osteoblastogenesis in the bone marrow and validate the senescence-accelerated mouse as a model of involutional osteopenia. (
The enzymic synthesis of disialoganglioside: rat brain cytidine-5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid: monosialoganglioside (G M1 ) sialyltransferase. (1973)

Abstract An enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) from CMP-NANA to galactosyl- N -acetylgalactosaminyl- N -acetylneuraminyl)-ga-lactosyl-glucosyl-ceramide ( G M 1 ) in young rat brain is described. The incorporation of radioactivity is stimulated in the presence of G M1 and is dependent on the quantity added. The detergent Triton CF-54 is required for optimal activity. The radioactive product is identified as N-acetylneuraminyl-galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-N-(N-acetyl-neuraminyl)-galactoxyl-glucosyl-ceramide (G D1a ).
Pooled ORF Expression Technology (POET) (2005)

We have developed a pooled ORF expression technology, POET, that uses recombinational cloning and proteomic methods (two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry) to identify ORFs that when expressed are likely to yield high levels of soluble, purified protein. Because the method works on pools of ORFs, the procedures needed to subclone, express, purify, and assay protein expression for hundreds of clones are greatly simplified. Small scale expression and purification of 12 positive clones identified by POET from a pool of 688 Caenorhabditis elegans ORFs expressed in Escherichia coli yielded on average 6 times as much protein as 12 negative clones. Larger scale expression and purification of six of the positive clones yielded 47-374 mg of purified protein/liter. Using POET, pools of ORFs can be constructed, and the pools of the resulting proteins can be analyzed and manipulated to rapidly acquire information about the attributes of hundreds of proteins simultaneously.
Apparent digestible phosphorus in the feeding of pigs in relation to availability, requirement and environment. 1. Digestible phosphorus in feedstuffs from plant and animal origin. (1990)

The digestibility of phosphorus in 15 feeds from plant sources and 8 from animal sources were studied using the total faeces collection technique in 75 trials with pigs 45 to 110 kg in order to match P availability to requirement and thereby reducing excess excretion and hence environmental pollution. Results show that P digestibility in feeds of plant origin varies substantially. For maize, maize byproducts, rice bran and sunflower seed meal P digestibility was low, varying from 10 to 20%. P digestibility of barley, beans (Phaseolus spp.) and soyabean meal solvent extracted ranged from 37 to 39% and dehulled and non-dehulled soyabean meal gave similar results. The highest P digestibility was obtained for wheat and peas, 47 and 45%, respectively. Differences in P digestibility can be explained by the proportion of phytate P and the presence of phytase. P digestibility in feeds of animal origin was high, ranging from 68 to 91%. Differences in P digestibility may be due to differences in technological treatment or physico-chemical structure of the products. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Progression of Change in NMDA, non-NMDA, and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Function at the Developing Corticothalamic Synapse (1998)

The development of receptor function at corticothalamic synapses during the first 20 days of postnatal development is described. Whole cell excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were evoked in relay neurons of the ventral posterior nucleus (VP) by stimulation of corticothalamic fibers in in vitro slices of mouse brain from postnatal day 1 (P1). During P1-P12, excitatory postsynaptic conductances showed strong voltage dependence at peak current and at 100 ms after the stimulus and were almost completely antagonized by -2-amino-5-phosphonopentoic acid (APV), indicating that N-methyl--aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated currents dominate corticothalamic EPSCs at this time. After P12, in 42% of cells, excitatory postsynaptic conductances showed no voltage-dependence at peak current but still showed voltage-dependence 100-ms poststimulus. This voltage-dependent conductance was antagonized by APV. The nonvoltage-dependent component was APV resistant, showed fast decay, and was antagonized by the nonNMDA antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). In the remaining 58% of cells after P12, excitatory postsynaptic conductances showed moderate voltage dependence at peak conductance and strong voltage dependence 100 ms after the stimulus. Analysis of EPSCs before and after APV showed a significant increase in the relative contribution of the non-NMDA conductance after the second postnatal week. From P1 to P16, there was a significant decrease in the time constant of decay of the NMDA EPSC but no change in the voltage dependence of the NMDA response. After P8, slow EPSPs, 1.5-30 s in duration and mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), could be evoked by high-frequency stimulation of corticothalamic fibers in the presence of APV and CNQX. Similar slow depolarizations could be evoked by local application of the mGluR agonist (+/-)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD) but from P0. Both conductances were blocked by the mGluR antagonist, (RS)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine. Hence functional mGluR receptors are present on VP cells from birth, but their synaptic activation at corticothalamic synapses can only be detected after P8. In voltage clamp, the extrapolated reversal potential of the t-ACPD current, with potassium gluconate-based internal solution, was +12 +/- 10 (SE) mV, and the measured reversal potential with cesium gluconate-based internal solution was 1.5 +/- 9.9 mV, suggesting that the mGluR-mediated depolarization was mediated by a nonselective cation current. Replacement of NaCl in the external solution caused the reversal potential of the current to shift to -18 +/- 2 mV, indicating that Na+ is a charge carrier in the current. The current amplitude was not reduced by application of Cs+, Ba2+, and Cd2+, indicating that the t-ACPD current was distinct from the hyperpolarization-activated cation current (IH) and distinct from certain other previously characterized mGluR-activated, nonselective cation conductances.
Techniques for language identification for hybrid Arabic-English document images (2002)

Because of the different characteristics of Arabic language and Romance and Anglo Saxon languages, recognition of documents written in hybrids of these languages requires that the language of the text is to be identified prior to the recognition phase. In this paper, three efficient techniques that can be used to discriminate between text written in Arabic script and text written in English script are presented and evaluated. These techniques address the language identification problem on the word level and on text level. The characteristics of horizontal projection profiles as well as runlength histograms for text written in both languages are the basic features underlying these techniques. Solving this problem is very important in building bilingual document image analysis systems which are capable of processing documents containing hybrid Arabic/Romance and Anglo Saxon languages.
Transgenic mdx mice expressing dystrophin with a deletion in the actin-binding domain display a "mild Becker" phenotype. (1996)

The functional significance of the actin-binding domain of dystrophin, the protein lacking in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, has remained elusive. Patients with deletions of this domain (domain I) typically express low levels of the truncated protein. Whether the moderate to severe phenotypes associated with such deletions result from loss of an essential function, or from reduced levels of a functional protein, is unclear. To address this question, we have generated transgenic mice that express wild-type levels of a dystrophin deleted for the majority of the actin-binding domain. The transgene derived protein lacks amino acids 45-273, removing 2 of 3 in vitro identified actin interacting sites and part of hinge 1. Examination of the effect of this deletion in mice lacking wild-type dystrophin (mdx) suggests that a functional domain I is not essential for prevention of a dystrophic phenotype. However, in contrast to deletions in the central rod domain and to full-length dystrophin, both of which are functional at only 20% of wild-type levels, proteins with a deletion in domain I must be expressed at high levels to prevent a severe dystrophy. These results are also in contrast to the severe dystrophy resulting from truncation of the COOH-terminal domain that links dystrophin to the extracellular matrix. The mild phenotype observed in mice with domain I-deletions indicates that an intact actin-binding domain is not essential, although it does contribute to an important function of dystrophin. These studies also suggest the link between dystrophin and the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton involves more than a simple attachment of domain I to actin filaments.