gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All-digital PLL and transmitter for mobile phones (2005)

We present the first all-digital PLL and polar transmitter for mobile phones. They are part of a single-chip GSM/EDGE transceiver SoC fabricated in a 90 nm digital CMOS process. The circuits are architectured from the ground up to be compatible with digital deep-submicron CMOS processes and be readily integrateable with a digital baseband and application processor. To achieve this, we exploit the new paradigm of a deep-submicron CMOS process environment by leveraging on the fast switching times of MOS transistors, the fine lithography and the precise device matching, while avoiding problems related to the limited voltage headroom. The transmitter architecture is fully digital and utilizes the wideband direct frequency modulation capability of the all-digital PLL. The amplitude modulation is realized digitally by regulating the number of active NMOS transistor switches in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude. The conventional RF frequency synthesizer architecture, based on a voltage-controlled oscillator and phase/frequency detector and charge-pump combination, has been replaced with a digitally controlled oscillator and a time-to-digital converter. The transmitter performs GMSK modulation with less than 0.5/spl deg/ rms phase error, -165 dBc/Hz phase noise at 20 MHz offset, and 10 /spl mu/s settling time. The 8-PSK EDGE spectral mask is met with 1.2% EVM. The transmitter occupies 1.5 mm/sup 2/ and consumes 42 mA at 1.2 V supply while producing 6 dBm RF output power.
Toward scalable keyword search over relational data (2010)

Keyword search (KWS) over relational databases has recently received significant attention. Many solutions and many prototypes have been developed. This task requires addressing many issues, including robustness, accuracy, reliability, and privacy. An emerging issue, however, appears to be performance related: current KWS systems have unpredictable running times. In particular, for certain queries it takes too long to produce answers, and for others the system may even fail to return (e.g., after exhausting memory). In this paper we argue that as today's users have been "spoiled" by the performance of Internet search engines, KWS systems should return whatever answers they can produce quickly and then provide users with options for exploring any portion of the answer space not covered by these answers. Our basic idea is to produce answers that can be generated quickly as in today's KWS systems, then to show users query forms that characterize the unexplored portion of the answer space. Combining KWS systems with forms allows us to bypass the performance problems inherent to KWS without compromising query coverage. We provide a proof of concept for this proposed approach, and discuss the challenges encountered in building this hybrid system. Finally, we present experiments over real-world datasets to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution.
IgE-binding factors from mouse T lymphocytes. III. Role of antigen-specific suppressor T cells in the formation of IgE-suppressive factor. (1984)

BDF1 mice were given three i.v. injections of ovalbumin (OA) to induce antigen-specific suppressor T cells. Incubation of spleen cells of OA-treated mice with homologous antigen resulted in the formation of IgE-suppressive factor. This factor was not derived from antigen-specific suppressor T cells, but suppressor T cells were essential for determining the nature of IgE-binding factors formed. In the spleen cells of OA-treated mice, antigenic stimulation of antigen-primed Lyt-1+ (helper) T cells resulted in the formation of inducers of IgE-binding factor, whereas Lyt-2+, I-J+ T cells released glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF), and these two factors, in combination, induced unprimed Lyt-1+ T cells to form IgE-suppressive factor. The role of GIF is to inhibit the assembly of N-linked oligosaccharides on IgE-binding factors during their biosynthesis, and thereby provide them with a biologic activity: suppression of the IgE response. Under the experimental conditions employed, GIF was released spontaneously from antigen-specific suppressor T cells. However, antigenic stimulation of the cells enhanced the release of the factor. GIF from antigen-specific suppressor T cells has a m.w. of 25,000 to 30,000, as estimated by using gel filtration, binds to anti-I-J alloantibodies and to a monoclonal antibody specific for lipomodulin, and has affinity for specific antigen. The possible relationship between antigen-specific GIF and antigen-specific suppressor factors is discussed.
Experimental Infection of Pregnant Cattle with the Vaccine CandidateBrucella abortusStrainRB51: Pathologic, Bacteriologic, and Serologic Findings (1996)

To determine the placental tropism and abortigenicity of the vaccine candidate Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51), a rough mutant of the virulent strain 2308, ten Polled Hereford heifers were inoculated intravenously in the 6th month of gestation. Heifers were euthanatized and examined at postinoculation week (PIW) 8 (n = 5) or at full term (n = 5). Four of five infected heifers sampled at PIW 8 and three of four infected heifers at term had placentitis, whereas reproductive tissues of three normal cows used for comparison had no placentitis. Numerous macrophages, immunoreactive for SRB51 antigen, as well as neutrophils, fibrin, and cell debris filled the arcade zone between chorion and maternal septae. Trophoblastic epithelium of the placentomal arcade zone had intracellular bacteria that were immunoreactive for SRB51 antigen. The tips of maternal septa had a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with small multifocal erosions and ulcerations of maternal epithelium. SRB51 was cultured from all tissues in which lesions were seen. Placentae of one cow from each group had no placentitis and contained no SRB51. In mammae, interstitial lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates and suppurative infiltrates within alveoli and intralobular ductules were seen in two of five heifers at PIW 8. SRB51 was cultured from liver, spleen, lung, and bronchial lymph nodes in four of five calves at PIW 8 and three of four full-term calves, but no lesions were seen. One near-term heifer had disseminated infection, placentitis, and lymphoplasmacytic endometritis, and delivered a premature weak calf. These results establish that SRB51 is less abortifacient than previously published reports with strain 19, in that only one of four heifers delivered prematurely following intravenous inoculation with SRB51, whereas intravenous inoculation with strain 19 leads to 100% abortion. However, it also shows that SRB51 can infect the bovine placenta, mammary gland, and fetus, can induce placentitis, and, in some cases, can lead to preterm expulsion of the fetus.
A Large Variation in the Rates of Synonymous Substitution for RNA Viruses and Its Relationship to a Diversity of Viral Infection and Transmission Modes (2004)

RNA viruses successfully adapt to various environments by repeatedly producing new mutants, often through generating a number of nucleotide substitutions. To estimate the degree of variation in mutation rates of RNA viruses and to understand the source of such variation, we studied the synonymous substitution rate because synonymous substitution is exempt from functional constraints at the protein level, and its rate reflects the mutation rate to a great extent. We estimated the synonymous substitution rates for a total of 49 different species of RNA viruses, and we found that the rates had tremendous variation by 5 orders of magnitude (from 1.3 x 10(-7) to 6.2 x 10(-2) /synonymous site/year). Comparing the synonymous substitution rates with the replication frequencies and replication error rates for the RNA viruses, we found that the main source of the rate variation was differences in the replication frequency because the rates of replication error were roughly constant over different RNA viruses. Moreover, we examined a relationship between viral life strategies and synonymous substitution rates to understand which viral life strategies affect replication frequencies. The results show that the variation of synonymous substitution rates has been influenced most by either the difference in the infection modes or the differences in the transmission modes. In conclusion, the variation of mutation rates for RNA viruses is caused by different replication frequencies, which are affected strongly by the infection and transmission modes.
Daytime blood pressure elevation after nocturnal hypoxia (1999)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nocturnal hypoxia causes daytime blood pressure (BP) elevation. We hypothesized that overnight exposure to hypoxia leads the next morning to elevation in BP that outlasts the hypoxia stimulus. We studied the effect on BP of two consecutive night exposures to hypobaric hypoxia in 10 healthy normotensive subjects. During the hypoxia nights, subjects slept for 8 h in a hypobaric chamber at a simulated altitude of 4,000 m (barometric pressure = 462 mmHg). Arterial O(2) saturation and electrocardiogram were monitored throughout the night. For 30 min before the nocturnal simulated ascent and for 4 h after return to baseline altitude the next morning, BP was measured every 5 min while the subject was awake. The same measurements were made before and after 2 normoxic nights of sleep in the hypobaric chamber at ambient barometric pressure (745 mmHg). Principal components analysis was applied to evaluate patterns of BP response after the second night of hypoxia and normoxia. A distinct pattern of diastolic BP (DBP) elevation was observed after the hypoxia night in 9 of the 10 subjects but in none after the normoxia night. This pattern showed a mean increase of 4 mmHg in DBP compared with the presleep-awake baseline in the first 60 min and a return to baseline by 90 min. We conclude that nocturnal hypoxia leads to a carryover elevation of daytime DBP.
The HB-19 Pseudopeptide 5[Kpsi(CH 2 N)PR]-TASP Inhibits Attachment of T Lymphocyte- and Macrophage-Tropic HIV to Permissive Cells (2000)

The HB-19 pseudopeptide 5[Kpsi(CH2N)PR]-TASP[psi(CH2N) indicating a reduced peptide bond], which binds the cell surface-expressed nucleolin, is a potent inhibitor of HIV infection. Here, by using primary T lymphocyte cultures and an experimental cell model to monitor HIV entry, we show that HB-19 inhibits in a dose-dependent manner both T lymphocyte- and macrophage-tropic HIV isolates. Similar positively charged control pseudopeptides have no effect on HIV infection even at high concentrations. These observations, and the fact that HB-19 has no effect on SIV-mac and HIV-1 pseudotyped with VSV envelope glycoproteins, confirm the specific nature of this inhibitor against the entry process mediated by the HIV envelope glycoproteins. Finally, association of low doses of HB-19 with beta-chemokines or AZT results in an increased inhibitory effect on HIV infection. HB-19 has no inhibitory effect when added to cells a few hours after HIV entry. On the other hand, in HB-19-pretreated cells, the inhibitory effect persists for several hours, even after washing cells to remove away the unbound pseudopeptide. Under such conditions, the attachment of HIV particles to cells is inhibited as efficiently as by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed against the V3 loop. In view of its specific mode of action on various HIV isolates, HB-19 represents a potential anti-HIV drug.
Isolating fetal nucleated red blood cells from maternal blood: The baylor experience—1995 (1995)

In our previous work we have isolated fetal cells from maternal blood and used fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosome-specific probes to detect aneuploidy. Current efforts in the Baylor College of Medicine programme are focusing on obtaining consistency in flow-sorting methodology and on determining sensitivity and specificity. To this end, systematic evaluation of five glycophorin A (gly A) antibodies all produced agglutination, leading us to abandon the use of gly A antibodies for positive selection of fetal cells. Conversely, we have found LDS-751 to be useful for nuclear selection. CD45 negative selection can best be accomplished by the use of flasks coated with goat antibodies against mouse antibodies. Positive selection by flow sorting for either CD71+ cells or gamma-globin-positive cells seems to be successful. Using these two approaches, we have recently detected male (fetal) cells in pregnancies in which the fetus was 46,XY in 10 of 18 and in 12 of 14 cases, respectively.
Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Recombinant Human Apo2L/TRAIL, a Dual Proapoptotic Receptor Agonist, in Patients With Advanced Cancer (2010)

At the tested schedule and dose range, rhApo2L/TRAIL was safe and well tolerated. Dose escalation achieved peak rhApo2L/TRAIL serum concentrations equivalent to those associated with preclinical antitumor efficacy.
Potential Vaccines and Post-Exposure Treatments for Filovirus Infections (2012)

Viruses of the family Filoviridae represent significant health risks as emerging infectious diseases as well as potentially engineered biothreats. While many research efforts have been published offering possibilities toward the mitigation of filoviral infection, there remain no sanctioned therapeutic or vaccine strategies. Current progress in the development of filovirus therapeutics and vaccines is outlined herein with respect to their current level of testing, evaluation, and proximity toward human implementation, specifically with regard to human clinical trials, nonhuman primate studies, small animal studies, and in vitro development. Contemporary methods of supportive care and previous treatment approaches for human patients are also discussed.
Medication Detection by a Combinatorial Fluorescent Molecular Sensor (2012)

Working together to uncover the truth: A molecule-sized diagnostic system combining several recognition elements and four fluorescence-emission channels enabled the identification of a wide range of pharmaceuticals on the basis of distinct photophysical processes. The molecular sensor (see simplified representation; ID = identification) was also used to analyze drug concentrations and combinations in urine samples in a high-throughput manner.
Temporal mapping of gene expression levels during the differentiation of individual primary hematopoietic cells (1996)

A hierarchical order of gene expression has been proposed to control developmental events in hematopoiesis, but direct demonstration of the temporal relationships between regulatory gene expression and differentiation has been difficult to achieve. We modified a single-cell PCR method to detect 2-fold changes in mRNA copies per cell (dynamic range, 250-250,000 copies/cell) and used it to sequentially quantitate gene expression levels as single primitive (CD34+,CD38-) progenitor cells underwent differentiation to become erythrocytes, granulocytes, or monocyte/macrophages. Markers of differentiation such as CD34 or cytokine receptor mRNAs and transcription factors associated with their regulation were assessed. All transcription factors tested were expressed in multipotent progenitors. During lineage-specific differentiation, however, distinct patterns of expression emerged. SCL, GATA-2, and GATA-1 expression sequentially extinguished during erythroid differentiation. PU.1, AML1B, and C/EBP alpha expression profiles and their relationship to cytokine receptor expression in maturing granulocytes could be distinguished from similar profiles in monocytic cells. These data characterize the dynamics of gene expression accompanying blood cell development and define a signature gene expression pattern for specific stages of hematopoietic differentiation.
A General Traffic Control Framework in ATM Networks (1996)

This paper presents a novel traffic control framework for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) based networks which incorporates the control of Constant Bit Rate (CBR), real time Variable Bit Rate (rtVBR), non-real time Variable Bit Rate (nrtVBR), Available Bit Rate (ABR) and Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) Virtual Channel Connections (VCC&amp;apos;s). The control is based on the complete buffer partitioning architecture and on the associated buffer scheduling rule with adaptive weighting functions. We define a 3-dimensional Quality of Service (QoS) state space where the axes are the cell loss probability (CLP), cell delay (CD) and cell delay variation (CDV) parameters assigned to each VCC. We formulate the traffic control task as an optimization problem, where the sum of the abstract distances of the QoS points is to be minimized subject to the constraint that all negotiated QoS parameters must fall into the negotiated QoS region. We suggest a dynamic programming (DP) approach to the solution. With a simulation case study the flexibilty and appropriateness of the framework are shown. 1
Novel Selective Neuropeptide Y2 Receptor PEGylated Peptide Agonists Reduce Food Intake and Body Weight in Mice (2007)

Selective activation of the NPY2 receptor to suppress appetite provides an approach to obesity management. Selective NPY2 PEGylated peptide agonists are described that consist of a peptide core corresponding to residues 25-36 of PYY and a nonpeptidic moiety at the peptide N-terminus that contributes to in vitro potency and in vivo efficacy and provides a PEGylation site. The lead peptide elicits a dose-dependent reduction of food intake in lean mice and of food intake, body weight, and fat mass in DIO mice.
Altered regulation of lipid biosynthesis in a mutant of Arabidopsis deficient in chloroplast glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity (1988)

The leaf membrane lipids of many plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., are synthesized by two complementary pathways that are associated with the chloroplast and the endoplasmic reticulum. By screening directly for alterations in lipid acyl-group composition, we have identified several mutants of Arabidopsis that lack the plastid pathway because of a deficiency in activity of the first enzyme in the plastid pathway of glycerolipid synthesis, acyl-ACP:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.15) (where ACP is acyl carrier protein). The lesion results in an increased synthesis of lipids by the cytoplasmic pathway that largely compensates for the loss of the plastid pathway and provides nearly normal amounts of all the lipids required for chloroplast biogenesis. However, the fatty acid composition of the leaf membrane lipids of the mutants is altered because the acyltransferases associated with the two pathways normally exhibit different substrate specificities. The remarkable flexibility of the system provides an insight into the nature of the regulatory mechanisms that allocate lipids for membrane biogenesis.
225 Curved Origami and Its Application to the Manufacturing (2011)

The traditional origami crease has been a straight line. In the 1970's, however, David Huffman began to investigate the possibilities of curved crease. The model made with curved crease is called curved origami and recently some origami artists begin to work with curved folds. Though their works are superior in design, relationship between traditional origami and curved origami isn't clear. In this paper we show the curved origami mathematically and application to the manufacturing.
A 4-Mb toggle MRAM based on a novel bit and switching method (2005)

A 4-Mb magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) with a novel magnetic bit cell and toggle switching mode is presented. The circuit was designed in a five level metal, 0.18-/spl mu/m complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process with a bit cell size of 1.55 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. The new bit cell uses a balanced synthetic antiferromagnetic free layer and a phased write pulse sequence to provide robust switching performance with immunity from half-select disturbs. This switching mode greatly improves the operational performance of the MRAM as compared to conventional MRAM. A detailed description of this 4-Mb toggle MRAM is presented.
Ionic liquids enhance the electrochemical CO2 reduction catalyzed by MoO2 (2015)

Several imidazolium-based ionic liquids significantly enhance the activity of MoO2 for electrochemical reduction of CO2. The overpotential of CO2 reduction is as low as 40 mV. The ionic liquids act as both electrolytes and co-catalysts, which not only leads to lower overpotentials, but also alters the product selectivity.
Nucleotide sequences of complementary deoxyribonucleic acids for the pro.alpha.1 chain of human type I procollagen. Statistical evaluation of structures that are conserved during evolution (1983)

Nucleotide sequences were determined for two cloned cDNAs encoding for over three-fourths of the pro alpha 1 (I) chain of type I procollagen from man. Comparison with previously published data on amino acid sequences of the alpha 1 (I) chain of type I collagen made it possible to examine mutations in the transcribed products of the gene which have occurred during the evolution of man, calf, rat, mouse, and chick. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences with the corresponding sequences of cDNAs from chick [Fuller, F., & Boedtker, H. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 996] and with cDNAs for the pro alpha 2(I) chain from man [Bernard, M.P., Myers, J. C., Chu, M.-L., Ramirez, F., Eikenberry, E. F., & Prockop, D. J. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 1139] demonstrated that selective pressure during evolution for 250 million or more years acted more strongly on the structure of the pro alpha 1 (I) chain than on the pro alpha 2(I) chain. To improve the reliability of the comparison, the nucleotide sequences were examined with a modification of previous procedures for evaluating mutations in replacement sites and silent sites. The corrected divergence for replacement sites between the alpha 1 (I) chains was 6 +/- 0.8% whereas it was 15 +/- 1.9% for the alpha 2(I) chains. The C-propeptide domain of the pro alpha 1 (I) chain was also highly conserved with a corrected divergence at replacement sites of 5 +/- 0.9%, a value that was not distinguishable from the value previously found for the C-propeptide of the pro alpha 2(I) chain. Therefore, a large part of the structure of both C-propeptides appears to be under selective pressure. Inspection of changes in the C-propeptide of the pro alpha 1 (I) chain suggested that there was a highly conserved region around the carbohydrate attachment site similar to the highly conserved region of 37 amino acids previously found in the C-propeptide of the pro alpha 2(I) chain. Two statistical tests, however, were unable to confirm nonrandom distribution of changes in the C-propeptide of the pro alpha 1(I) chain. The same tests established the presence of a nonrandom distribution in nucleotide changes of the C-propeptide of the pro alpha 2(I) chain. The 3'-noncoding region of the cDNA for pro alpha 1(I) of human type I procollagen showed no homology with the same region in the chick.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)