gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (2009)

Abstract Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) refers to heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders of childhood that disrupt bile formation and present with cholestasis of hepatocellular origin. The exact prevalence remains unknown, but the estimated incidence varies between 1/50,000 and 1/100,000 births. Three types of PFIC have been identified and related to mutations in hepatocellular transport system genes involved in bile formation. PFIC1 and PFIC2 usually appear in the first months of life, whereas onset of PFIC3 may also occur later in infancy, in childhood or even during young adulthood. Main clinical manifestations include cholestasis, pruritus and jaundice. PFIC patients usually develop fibrosis and end-stage liver disease before adulthood. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity is normal in PFIC1 and PFIC2 patients, but is elevated in PFIC3 patients. Both PFIC1 and PFIC2 are caused by impaired bile salt secretion due respectively to defects in ATP8B1 encoding the FIC1 protein, and in ABCB11 encoding the bile salt export pump protein (BSEP). Defects in ABCB4 , encoding the multi-drug resistant 3 protein (MDR3), impair biliary phospholipid secretion resulting in PFIC3. Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations, liver ultrasonography, cholangiography and liver histology, as well as on specific tests for excluding other causes of childhood cholestasis. MDR3 and BSEP liver immunostaining, and analysis of biliary lipid composition should help to select PFIC candidates in whom genotyping could be proposed to confirm the diagnosis. Antenatal diagnosis can be proposed for affected families in which a mutation has been identified. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy should be initiated in all patients to prevent liver damage. In some PFIC1 or PFIC2 patients, biliary diversion can also relieve pruritus and slow disease progression. However, most PFIC patients are ultimately candidates for liver transplantation. Monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in PFIC2 patients, should be offered from the first year of life. Hepatocyte transplantation, gene therapy or specific targeted pharmacotherapy may represent alternative treatments in the future.
Active modular elastomer sleeve for soft wearable assistance robots (2012)

A proposed adaptive soft orthotic device performs motion sensing and production of assistive forces with a modular, pneumatically-driven, hyper-elastic composite. Wrapping the material around a joint will allow simultaneous motion sensing and active force response through shape and rigidity control. This monolithic elastomer sheet contains a series of miniaturized pneumatically-powered McKibben-type actuators that exert tension and enable adaptive rigidity control. The elastomer is embedded with conductive liquid channels that detect strain and bending deformations induced by the pneumatic actuators. In addition, the proposed system is modular and can be configured for a diverse range of motor tasks, joints, and human subjects. This modular functionality is accomplished with a decentralized network of self-configuring nodes that manage the collection of sensory data and the delivery of actuator feedback commands. This paper mainly describes the design of the soft orthotic device as well as actuator and sensor components. The characterization of the individual sensors, actuators, and the integrated device is also presented.
Lethal 17D Yellow Fever Encephalitis in Mice. I. Passive Protection by Monoclonal Antibodies to the Envelope Proteins of 17D Yellow Fever and Dengue 2 Viruses (1986)

Monoclonal antibodies to the envelope proteins (E) of the 17D vaccine strain of yellow fever virus (17D YF) and to dengue 2 virus were examined for their ability to confer passive protection against lethal 17D YF encephalitis in mice. All 13 IgG anti-17D YF antibodies, regardless of neutralizing capacity, conferred solid protection when given in a relatively high dose prior to intracerebral inoculation of virus. Three antibodies with high in vitro neutralizing titres were all protective at a low dose as were several non-neutralizing antibodies. One flavivirus group-reactive antibody to dengue 2 virus conferred similar protection at low dose. Protection was also observed when antibodies were given several days after virus inoculation when peak infectious virus titres and histopathological evidence of infection were present in brains. The ability of a non-neutralizing antibody to protect could not be attributed to complement-dependent lysis of virus-infected cells and did not correlate with avidity or with proximity of its binding site to a critical neutralizing epitope of the E protein. Some antibodies, characterized as non-neutralizing by plaque reduction assay on Vero cells, inhibited the growth of virus in a mouse neuroblastoma cell line, suggesting one possible mechanism of protection. These results may be relevant to the design of prospective flavivirus vaccines and support the possibility of conferring broadened protection among flaviviruses by stimulating the antibody response to appropriate epitopes of the E protein.
Plant transformation technologies (2011)

Contributors. Preface. SECTION 1 Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation. Chapter 1 Host Factors Involved in Genetic Transformation of Plant Cells by Agrobacterium (BENOIT LACROIX, ADI ZALTSMAN, AND VITALY CITOVSKY). Chapter 2 Genomics of Agrobacterium-Plant Interaction: An Approach to Refine the Plant Transformation Technology (AJITH ANAND, ZARIR E. VAGHCHHIPAWALA, AND KIRANKUMAR S. MYSORE). SECTION 2 Other Transformation Technologies. Chapter 3 Particle Bombardment: An Established Weapon in the Arsenal of Plant Biotechnologists (THEODORE M. KLEIN). Chapter 4 A Novel Gene Delivery System in Plants with Calcium Alginate Micro-Beads (NAOKI WADA, SHIN'ICHIRO KAJIYAMA, NARUEMON KHEMKLADNGOEN, AND KIICHI FUKUI). Chapter 5 Pollen Transformation Technologies (TATIANA RESCH AND ALISHER TOURAEV). Chapter 6 Intragenic Vectors and Marker-Free Transformation: Tools for a Greener Biotechnology (CAIUS M. ROMMENS, ANTHONY CONNER, HUA YAN, AND ZAC HANLEY). Chapter 7 Visualizing Transgene Expression (JOHN J. FINER). SECTION 3 Vectors, Promoters, and Other Tools for Plant Transformation. Chapter 8 Current State and Perspective of Binary Vectors and Superbinary Vectors (TOSHIYUKI KOMORI AND TOSHIHIKO KOMARI). Chapter 9 Novel Dual Binary Vectors (pCLEAN) for Plant Transformation (PHILIPPE VAIN). Chapter 10 pORE Modular Vectors for Plant Transformation (DWAYNE D. HEGEDUS). Chapter 11 pANIC: A Versatile Set of Gateway-Compatible Vectors for Gene Overexpression and RNAi-Mediated Down-Regulation in Monocots (DAVID G.J. MANN, PETER R. LAFAYETTE, LAURA L. ABERCROMBIE, WAYNE A. PARROTT, AND C. NEAL STEWART, JR.). SECTION 4 Transgene Integration, Stability, Methylation, Silencing. Chapter 12 Understanding and Avoiding Transgene Silencing (MICHAEL W. GRAHAM, STEPHEN R. MUDGE, PETER R. STERNES, AND ROBERT G. BIRCH). Chapter 13 Site-Specific Recombination for Precise and Clean Transgene Integration in Plant Genome (VIBHA SRIVASTAVA AND DAVID W. OW). SECTION 5 Selection Systems, Marker-Free Transformation. Chapter 14 Selectable Marker Genes: Types and Interactions (BRIAN MIKI, ASHRAF ABDEEN, YUZUKI MANABE, SOUAD EL OUAKFAOUI, DOUGLAS A. JOHNSON, LORETA GUDYNAITE-SAVITCH, MING HU, AND PHIL MACDONALD). Chapter 15 Transformation Methods for Obtaining Marker-Free Genetically Modified Plants (JAN G. SCHAART, FRANS A. KRENS, ANNE-MARIE A. WOLTERS, AND RICHARD G.F. VISSER). Chapter 16 Intellectual Property Aspects of Plant Transformation (JIM M. DUNWELL). Index. Color Plate between pages 82 and 83.
Monoclonal antibody detects monosialogangliosides having a sialic acid alpha 2—3-galactosyl residue. (1987)

A murine monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated mAb 202, was generated using a human melanoma cell line, UCLASO-M14 as the immunogen. mAb 202 reacted with two (GM2 and GM3) of the four (GM2, GM3, GD2, and GD3) gangliosides expressed by M14. Several authentic monosialogangliosides, including GM4, GM3, GM2, GM1, GM1b, and sialylparagloboside were then tested for their binding to 202 mAb by the immune adherence inhibition assay, TLC-enzyme immunostaining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All showed positive binding but in varying degrees. GM4 showed the strongest affinity. No significant differences of reactivity were observed between the sialic acid derivatives, N-acetyl and N-glycolyl, in these gangliosides. Disialogangliosides such as GD3, GD2, GD1a, and GD1b, trisialoganglioside GT1b, and neutral glycolipids including GlcCer, GalCer, LacCer, GbOs3Cer, GbOs4Cer, GgOs3Cer, GgOs4Cer, and nLcOs4Cer were all negative. These results indicate that the 202 mAb detects sialyl alpha 2----3Gal residue in the monosialoganglioside, irrespective of the internal structure. Since GM4 is not expressed by M14 cells, the terminal disaccharide (sialyl alpha 2----3Gal) in GM3 and/or GM2 must have been the epitope responsible for the generation of the antibody.
Solitons in optical fibres and the soliton laser (1985)

Abstract In this paper, I describe both fundamental and higher-order solitons in optical fibres, their remarkable properties, and the first experimental observation of them. It will be shown that such solitons are easily created and, once formed, are quite stable in the one-dimensional world of single-mode fibres. Consequently, a number of exciting uses have already been found, or have been proposed for them. One of those uses is in the soliton laser, a mode-locked (short-pulse) laser, whose pulse characteristics are determ ined by a length of single-mode fibre in its feedback loop. Pulse width scales with the square root of the fibre’s length, in accord with N = 2 soliton behaviour. The first version of this device, based on a colour-centre laser broadly tunable in the 1.5 pm wavelength region, has already produced pulses as short as 0.13 ps. Compression in a second, external fibre has reduced those pulse widths to less than 50 fs, and reduction by at least another factor of two is considered likely in the near future.
Role of Very-late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) in Myelin Basic Protein-primed T Cell Contact-induced Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Microglial Cells (2003)

The presence of neuroantigen-primed T cells recognizing self-myelin antigens within the CNS is necessary for the development of demyelinating autoimmune disease like multiple sclerosis. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of myelin basic protein (MBP)-primed T cells in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in microglial cells. MBP-primed T cells alone induced specifically the microglial expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-1alpha tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-6, proinflammatory cytokines that are primarily involved in the pathogenesis of MS. This induction was primarily dependent on the contact between MBP-primed T cells and microglia. The activation of microglial NF-kappaB and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) by MBP-primed T cell contact and inhibition of contact-mediated microglial expression of proinflammatory cytokines by dominant-negative mutants of p65 and C/EBPbeta suggest that MBP-primed T cells induce microglial expression of cytokines through the activation of NF-kappaB and C/EBPbeta. In addition, we show that MBP-primed T cells express very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), and functional blocking antibodies to alpha4 chain of VLA-4 (CD49d) inhibited the ability of MBP-primed T cells to induce microglial proinflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, the blocking of VLA-4 impaired the ability of MBP-primed T cells to induce microglial activation of only C/EBPbeta but not that of NF-kappaB. This study illustrates a novel role of VLA-4 in regulating neuroantigen-primed T cell-induced activation of microglia through C/EBPbeta
Arterial Chemoembolization With Microencapsulated Anticancer Drug (1981)

Selective intra-arterial infusion of ethylcellulose microcapsules containing mitomycin exerts its therapeutic effects through infarction and sustained drug action--ie, chemoembolization. Sixty primary or secondary carcinomas in the kidney, liver, urinary bladder, prostate, cervix, vagina, sigmoid colon, Douglas' pouch, and bone were treated with single or repeated chemoembolizations using microcapsules delivered through percutaneous catheterization as a preoperative or palliative measure. Substantial tumor reduction of greater than 30% in measurable maximum diameter was found in 65% of the tumors, pain relief occurred in 80% and hemostasis in 100%. Preoperative chemoembolization remarkably facilitated radical surgery in 18 (82%) of 22 patients. The summed response rate was 77%. Systemic toxic effects were mild, and all patients tolerated the treatment. Though the follow-up periods are less than two years, 37 patients are alive with or without tumor.
Pathophysiology of L-Dopa Induced Dyskinesia — Changes in D1/D3 Receptors and Their Signaling Pathway (2014)

Pathophysiology of L-Dopa Induced Dyskinesia — Changes in D1/D3 Receptors and Their Signaling Pathway
Review: How to Know the Ferns, by Frances Theodora Parsons (1961)

Book Review| October 01 1961 Review: How to Know the Ferns, by Frances Theodora Parsons How to Know the FernsFrances Theodora Parsons P. K. P. K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1961) 23 (6): 371. https://doi.org/10.2307/4439643 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. K.; Review: How to Know the Ferns, by Frances Theodora Parsons. The American Biology Teacher 1 October 1961; 23 (6): 371. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4439643 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Different Faces of Rolling-Circle Replication and Its Multifunctional Initiator Proteins (2017)

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) contributes greatly to the plasticity and evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. The main carriers of foreign DNA in HGT are mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that have extremely diverse genetic structures and properties. Various strategies are used for the maintenance and spread of MGEs, including (i) vegetative replication, (ii) transposition (and other types of recombination), and (iii) conjugal transfer. In many MGEs, all of these processes are dependent on rolling-circle replication (RCR). RCR is one of the most well characterized models of DNA replication. Although many studies have focused on describing its mechanism, the role of replication initiator proteins has only recently been subject to in-depth analysis, which indicates their involvement in multiple biological process associated with RCR. In this review, we present a general overview of RCR and its impact in HGT. We focus on the molecular characteristics of RCR initiator proteins belonging to the HUH and Rep_<i>trans</i> protein families. Despite analogous mechanisms of action these are distinct groups of proteins with different catalytic domain structures. This is the first review describing the multifunctional character of various types of RCR initiator proteins, including the latest discoveries in the field. Recent reports provide evidence that (i) proteins initiating vegetative replication (Rep) or mobilization for conjugal transfer (Mob) may also have integrase (Int) activity, (ii) some Mob proteins are capable of initiating vegetative replication (Rep activity), and (iii) some Rep proteins can act like Mob proteins to mobilize plasmid DNA for conjugal transfer. These findings have significant consequences for our understanding of the role of RCR, not only in DNA metabolism but also in the biology of many MGEs.
Algorithms for rendering depth of field effects in computer graphics (2008)

Abstract: Computer generated images by default render the entire scene in perfect focus. Both camera optics and the human visual system have limited depth of field, due to the finite aperture or pupil of the optical system. For more realistic computer graphics as well as to enable artistic control over what is and what is not in focus, it is desirable to add depth of field blurring. Starting with the work of Potmesil and Chakravarty[33][34], there have been numerous approaches to adding depth of field effects to computer graphics. Published work in depth of field for computer graphics has been previously surveyed by Barsky [2][3]. Later, interactive depth of field techniques were surveyed by Demers [12]. Subsequent to these surveys, however, there have been important developments. This paper surveys depth of field approaches in computer graphics, from its introduction to the current state of the art.
Binding Analyses of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry δ-Endotoxins Using Brush Border Membrane Vesicles of Ostrinia nubilalis (2001)

Transgenic corn expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab gene is highly insecticidal to Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer) larvae. We ascertained whether Cry1F, Cry9C, or Cry9E recognizes the Cry1Ab binding site on the O. nubilalis brush border by three approaches. An optical biosensor technology based on surface plasmon resonance measured binding of brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) injected over a surface of immobilized Cry toxin. Preincubation with Cry1Ab reduced BBMV binding to immobilized Cry1Ab, whereas preincubation with Cry1F, Cry9C, or Cry9E did not inhibit BBMV binding. BBMV binding to a Cry1F-coated surface was reduced when vesicles were preincubated in Cry1F or Cry1Ab but not Cry9C or Cry9E. A radioligand approach measured 125I-Cry1Ab toxin binding to BBMV in the presence of homologous (Cry1Ab) and heterologous (Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry9C, or Cry9E) toxins. Unlabeled Cry1Ac effectively competed for 125I-Cry1Ab binding in a manner comparable to Cry1Ab itself. Unlabeled Cry9C and Cry9E toxins did not inhibit (125)I-Cry1Ab binding to BBMV. Cry1F inhibited (125)I-Cry1Ab binding at concentrations greater than 500 nM. Cry1F had low-level affinity for the Cry1Ab binding site. Ligand blot analysis identified Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F binding proteins in BBMV. The major Cry1Ab signals on ligand blots were at 145 kDa and 154 kDa, but a strong signal was present at 220 kDa and a weak signal was present at 167 kDa. Cry1Ac and Cry1F binding proteins were detected at 220 and 154 kDa. Anti-Manduca sexta aminopeptidase serum recognized proteins of 145, 154, and 167 kDa, and anti-cadherin serum recognized the 220 kDa protein. We speculate that isoforms of aminopeptidase and cadherin in the brush border membrane serve as Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F binding proteins.
Effect of Transplanted Tumor and Various Agents on Liver Regeneration During Pregnancy (1967)

Liver regeneration has been investigated in partially hepatectomized non-pregnant and gravid rats with Walker tumor transplanted into the remaining liver at surgery and fed either a control ration or one supplemented with 0.25% acenaphthene over a period of 7 days. Pregnancy accelerated liver weight restoration to a greater extent than acenaphthene feeding and the presence of tumor had no influence on the process. However, the growth of transplanted tumor was more rapid in the partially hepatectomized animals than in the sham-operated gravid and nonpregnant rats. The effect of pregnancy in operated rats on the control diet was maximal, exceeding that produced by various agents known to stimulate liver regeneration and supplemented in diets fed for 10.5 days. These included thalidomide (0.25%), phenylbutazone (0.35%), usnic acid (0.20%) and 2,4-dithiopyrimidine (0.050%). The last diet accelerated the liver weight restoration above that of the control gravid animals but thalidomide contributed little to the already heightened regeneration when administered to pregnant rats. The depressant, nicotinamide (dietary level: 0.35%), normalized the extent of hepatic regeneration when fed to gravid animals but an inhibitory effect was apparent when the liver increment was compared to that of the pregnant group on the control diet.
Combined fluticasone furoate/vilanterol reduces decline in lung function following inhaled allergen 23 h after dosing in adult asthma: a randomised, controlled trial (2012)

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01128569, GSK Study number: HZA113090.
Infrared fiber optics (1979)

This interim technical report summarizes the first year's research efforts to fabricate optical communications fibers that are transmissive between 1 and 12 micrometers. The ultimate objective of this program is to prepare infrared transmitting fibers with losses less than 5 dB/km. In preparing infrared transparent fibers with these losses, we are emphasizing the extrusion into fiber of very pure KCl as this material has demonstrated bulk losses equal to or less than 5 dB/km in the 2- to 6-micrometers region. The primary approach used to meet the program goals, therefore, was the extrusion of reactive atmosphere process (RAP) grown KCl into 250- to 1000-micrometers-diameter optical fibers. After one year of effort, the best KCl fiber extruded had a loss of 4200 dB/km. This report also summarizes our efforts in fabricating a special infrared fiber prototype device for the detection of pulsed CO2 laser radiation. The prototype device, which is to be used in a battlefield identification friend or foe (BIFF) application, was successfully field tested in Germany.
An Arabidopsis cell wall‐associated kinase required for invertase activity and cell growth (2006)

Summary The wall‐associated kinases (WAK), a family of five proteins that contain extracellular domains that can be linked to pectin molecules of the cell wall, span the plasma membrane and have a cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase domain. Previous work has shown that a reduction in WAK protein levels leads to a loss of cell expansion, indicating that these receptor‐like proteins have a role in cell shape formation. Here it is shown that a single wak2 mutation exhibits a dependence on sugars and salts for seedling growth. This mutation also reduces the expression and activity of vacuolar invertase, often a key factor in turgor and expansion. WAKs may thus provide a molecular mechanism linking cell wall sensing (via pectin attachment) to regulation of solute metabolism, which in turn is known to be involved in turgor maintenance in growing cells.
Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Recent Progress. (2002)

Intravenous thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator is currently the most effective treatment of acute ischemic stroke if administerd within 3 hours after symptom onset. Intraarterial thrombolysis by prourokinase is the another choise if the middle cerebral artery is occluded and within less than 6 hours after onset. Although heparin especially a moderate dose is not proved to be effective, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine the safety and efficacy of argatroban (a selective thrombin inhibitor) in patients with acute ischemic stroke was started in USA. Aspirin provides some benefit to patients with acute stroke. However, its effect is not fully satisfactory. Although reports of numerous trials for neuroprotective drugs have been disappointing, edaravone (free radical scavenger) was approved for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in Japan. In the future, thrombolytic and neuroprotective drugs will be used in combination.
The preterm prediction study: the value of new vs standard risk factors in predicting early and all spontaneous preterm births. NICHD MFMU Network. (1998)

Fetal fibronectin and a short cervix are stronger predictors of spontaneous preterm birth than traditional risk factors. Bacterial vaginosis was found more often in Black than in non-Black women and accounted for 40% of the attributable risk for spontaneous preterm birth at less than 32 weeks.