gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein engineering studies of A‐chain loop 47‐56 of Escherichia coli heat‐labile enterotoxin point to a prominent role of this loop for cytotoxicity (1996)

Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, is a close relative of cholera toxin (CT). These two toxins share approximately 80% sequence identity, and consists of one 240-residue A chain and five 103-residue B subunits. The B pentamer is responsible for GM1 receptor recognition, whereas the A subunit carries out an ADP-ribosylation of an arginine residue in the G protein, Gs alpha, in the epithelial target cell. This paper explores the importance of specific amino acids in loop 47-56 of the A subunit. This loop was observed to be highly mobile in the inactive R7K mutant of the A subunit. The position of the loop in wild-type protein is such that it might require considerable reorganization during substrate binding and is likely to have a crucial role in substrate binding. Five single-site substitutions have been made in the LT-A subunit 47-56 loop to investigate its possible role in the enzymatic activity and toxicity of LT and CT. The wild-type residues Thr-50 and Val-53 were replaced either by a glycine or by a proline. The glycine substitutions were intended to increase the mobility of this active-site loop, and the proline substitutions were intended to decrease the mobility of this same loop by restricting the accessible conformational space. Under the hypothesis that mobility of the loop is important for catalysis, the glycine-substitution mutants T50G and V53G would be expected to exhibit activity equal to or greater than that of the wild-type A subunit, while the proline substitution mutants T50P and T53P would be less active. Cytotoxicity assays showed, however, that all four of these mutants were considerably less active than wild-type LT. These results lend support for assignment of a prominent role to loop 47-56 in catalysis by LT and CT.
Pulmonary hypertension associated with sickle cell disease: Clinical and laboratory endpoints and disease outcomes (2007)

Screening for pulmonary hypertension (pHTN) has not yet become routine in sickle cell disease (SCD), despite clinical evidence of its high prevalence and associated mortality. Our objectives are to identify clinical conditions and laboratory findings predictive of/or associated with pHTN. One hundred twenty-five adult outpatients with Hb SS, SC, SOArab, Sbeta(0), or Sbeta(+) thalassemia, who underwent echocardiography and/or right heart catheterization due to cardiorespiratory symptoms, were studied. pHTN was identified in 36% (28/77) of SS/Sbeta(0) and in 25% (12/48) of SC/SOArab/Sbeta(+) patients studied. In SS/Sbeta(0) patients, pHTN was associated with low hemoglobin, low GFR, increasing age, no history of treatment with hydroxyurea and a history of leg ulcers, with trends for associations with higher total bilirubin, LDH levels, systolic systemic blood pressure, history of avascular necrosis, seizures, and cerebrovascular events. Twelve (40%) of the SS/Sbeta(0) patients with pHTN had >or= 1+ proteinuria. (P<0.039). The presence of proteinuria correlated with lower GFR and had a high positive predictive value (0.60) for pHTN in subjects with SS/Sbeta(0). The data also provided evidence that pHTN in this population is associated with right heart failure, with echocardiographic evidence of right ventricle enlargement and pericardial effusion. This study confirmed that even relatively mild elevations in pulmonary pressure are associated with high prospective mortality (hazard ratio: 15.9). We concluded that pHTN has a high prevalence in all Hb S related syndromes and is associated with increased mortality in SS/Sbeta(0). Kidney dysfunction, as indicated by proteinuria or decreased GFR, also represents sufficient reason to screen for pHTN.
π-Electron Conjugation in Two Dimensions (2013)

Organic oligomers and polymers with extended π-conjugation are the fundamental building blocks of organic electronic devices. Novel routes are being explored to create tailor-made organic materials, and recent progress in organic chemistry and surface chemistry has led to the synthesis of planar 2D polymers. Here we show how extending π-conjugation in the second dimension leads to novel materials with HOMO-LUMO gaps smaller than in 1D polymers built from the same parent molecular repeat unit. Density functional theory calculations on experimentally realized 2D polymers grant insight into HOMO-LUMO gap contraction with increasing oligomer size and show fundamental differences between 1D and 2D "band gap engineering". We discuss how the effects of cross-conjugation and dihedral twists affect the electronic gaps.
Time-Interleaved Sampled-and-Hold S 2 I Circuit for High-Speed Current-Mode ADCs (1994)

This paper describes a current-mode sample-and-hold circuit which comprises two time-interleaved S2I cells and is capable of operating under loading conditions appropriate for high-speed current-mode analogue-to-digital converters. A prototype integrated circuit fabricated in a 1.2 ?m digital CMOS technology exhibits better than 8-bits linearity at 25 MHz sampling frequency. At 5 V supply it dissipates less than 1.5 mW.
Molecular pathogenesis of multiple myeloma and its premalignant precursor (2012)

Multiple myeloma is a monoclonal tumor of plasma cells, and its development is preceded by a premalignant tumor with which it shares genetic abnormalities, including universal dysregulation of the cyclin D/retinoblastoma (cyclin D/RB) pathway. A complex interaction with the BM microenvironment, characterized by activation of osteoclasts and suppression of osteoblasts, leads to lytic bone disease. Intratumor genetic heterogeneity, which occurs in addition to intertumor heterogeneity, contributes to the rapid emergence of drug resistance in high-risk disease. Despite recent therapeutic advances, which have doubled the median survival time, myeloma continues to be a mostly incurable disease. Here we review the current understanding of myeloma pathogenesis and insight into new therapeutic strategies provided by animal models and genetic screens.
Efficient Hydrogen Production from Alcohols under Mild Reaction Conditions (2011)

Run out of gas? A protocol for the title transformation under mild reaction conditions has been developed. Highest activities are found with an in situ catalyst system consisting of a 1:1 mixture of an HPNPiPr ligand and [RuH2(PPh3)3CO]. A turnover frequency of up to 14 145 h−1 and turnover number of more than 40 000 have been achieved for production of hydrogen gas from isopropyl alcohol.
Capillary electrophoresis technology (1993)

Overview - capillary electrophoresis - introduction and assessment, Barry L. Karger and Frantisek Foret, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, Shigeru Terabe, conventional isoelectric focusing and immobilized pH gradients - an overview, Pier Giorgio Righetti and Marcella Chiari buffer system - the buffer in capillary zone electrophoresis, George M. Janini and Haleem J. Issaq, organic solvents in capillary electrophoresis, Ernst Kenndler, controlling migration behavior in capillary electrophoresis - optimization strategies for method development, Morteza G. Khaledi et al, dynamic changes of electrolyte systems in zone electrophoresis, Petr Bocek and Petr Gebauer capillary column - chemical derivatization of fused silica capillaries, Fred E. Regnier and Dan Wu, technology of separation capillaries for capillary zone electrophoresis and capillary gel electrophoresis - the chemistry of surface modification and formation of gels, Gerhard Schomburg, capillary electrophoresis with coated capillaries, Jorg Kohr and Heinz Engelhardt, capillary zone electrophoresis of biopolymers with hydrophilic fused-silica capillaries, Ziad El Rassi and Wassim Nashabeh, covalent surface modification for capillary electrophoresis - characterization and effect of non-ionic bondings on separations in capillary electrophoresis, Ann M. Dougherty and Mark R. Schure instrumentation - direct control of electroosmotic flow in capillary electrophoresis by using an external electric field, Pei Tsai and Cheng S. Lee, semipreparative capillary electrophoresis and its advantages, Takao Tsuda, micropreparative capillary electrophoresis, Chuzo Fujimoto and Kiyokatsu Jinno, mass spectrometric detection for capillary electrophoresis, Richard D. Smith and Harold R. Udseth, capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry - continuous flow fast-atom bombardment and electrospray ionization, Kenneth B. Tomer, optical detection schemes for capillary electrophoresis, Edward S. Yeung, laser-induced fluorescence detection for capillary electrophoresis - a powerful analytical tool for the separation and detection of trace amounts of analytes, Luis Hernandez et al applications - chiral separation by capillary electrophoresis and electrokinetic chromatography, Koji Otsuka and Shigeru Terabe, the sheath-flow cuvette in DNA sequencing by capillary gel electrophoresis and two-spectral-channel, laser-induced fluorescence detection, Jianzhong Zhang et al, the use of capillary electrophoresis in clinical diagnosis, Norberto A. Guzman et al, the utility of capillary electrophoresis in forensic science, David M. Northrop, capillary electrophoresis and electrokinetic capillary chromatography of drugs in body fluids, Wolfgang Thormann, quantitative analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis, Arthur M. Hoyt, capillary polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Andras Guttman, use of cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis, Fanali. (Part contents). .
Zinc Salts Provide a Novel, Prolonged and Rapid Inhibition of Gastric Acid Secretion (2010)

Our findings demonstrate that zinc offers a novel rapid and prolonged therapy to inhibit gastric acid secretion in human and rat models.
Photodynamic therapy-generated vaccines: relevance of tumour cell death expression (2007)

Recent investigations have established that tumour cells treated in vitro by photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be used for generating potent vaccines against cancers of the same origin. In the present study, cancer vaccines were prepared by treating mouse SCCVII squamous cell carcinoma cells with photosensitiser chlorin e6-based PDT and used against poorly immunogenic SCCVII tumours growing in syngeneic immunocompetent mice. The vaccine potency increased when cells were post-incubated in culture after PDT treatment for 16 h before they were injected into tumour-bearing mice. Interfering with surface expression of phosphatidylserine (annexin V treatment) and apoptosis (caspase inhibitor treatment) demonstrated that this post-incubation effect is affiliated with the expression of changes associated with vaccine cell death. The cured mice acquired resistance to re-challenge with the same tumour, while the engagement of cytotoxic T lymphocytes was demonstrated by detection of high numbers of degranulating CD8+ cells in vaccinated tumours. The vaccines prepared from ex vivo PDT-treated SCCVII tumour tissue were also highly effective, implying that surgically removed tumour tissue can be directly used for PDT vaccines. This opens attractive prospects for employing PDT vaccines tailored for individual patients targeting specific antigens of the patient's tumour.
Mast cells play a key role in the developmentof late airway hyperresponsiveness through TNF‐αin a murine model of asthma (2007)

We have investigated the role of TNF-alpha in mast cell-mediated late airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) using mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/W(v) (W/W(v)) mice in a murine model of asthma, which exhibits a biphasic increase in AHR. TNF-alpha levels in the airway and magnitude of late AHR in response to airway allergen challenge were severely impaired in W/W(v) mice compared to their littermates. In addition to TNF-alpha, cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) phosphorylation and enzymatic activity in the lungs were also impaired in W/W(v) mice. Either anti-TNF-alpha antibody or an inhibitor of cPLA(2) abolished late AHR in congeneic +/+ mice. Intratracheal administration of TNF-alpha resulted in increases in late AHR, cPLA(2 )phosphorylation, cPLA(2 )activity, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Mast cell replacement restored airway TNF-alpha level, cPLA(2 )phosphorylation and enzymatic activity in the lungs as well as late AHR in W/W(v) mice. These data indicate that mast cells play a key role in the development of late AHR through liberation of TNF-alpha.
Neuropeptide Y stimulates luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release from superfused hypothalamic GT1-7 cells. (1994)

The effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on LHRH release from an immortalized cell line were investigated using a flow-through cell culture superfusion system. Immortalized hypothalamic GT1-7 cells were cultured for 72 h and superfused for a total of 180 min. In initial experiments, discrete 5-min pulses of NPY (10(-12)-10(-5) M) were administered to the cells. A clear dose-dependent stimulatory effect on NPY on LHRH release from the cells was observed with a calculated 50% effectiveness concentration of 33 nM. The stimulatory effects of brief NPY exposure were rapid and robust, e.g. reaching and maintaining levels of 173% over baseline for 20 min at the 10(-7) dose. The lowest dose of NPY that showed a significant effect was 10(-10) M; maximal responses were observed at 10(-6) M and reached a plateau thereafter. Control pulses of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and 10(-6) M substance P or arg-vasopressin were also presented to the cells to serve as controls for our pulse protocol, and these challenges produced no significant LHRH responses. The NPY receptor antagonists, PYX1 and PYX2, at 10(-8) M, completely blocked the observed NPY responses in these cells. To assess the NPY receptor subtypes that mediate the NPY effects pharmacologically, GT1-7 cells were challenged with a Y1 receptor agonist, (Leu31Pro34)NPY, a Y2 receptor agonist, NPY(13-36), or peptide YY, at doses 10(-12)-10(-5) M. All four peptides stimulated LHRH release from GT1-7 cells with a rank-ordered potency of NPY = peptide YY > Y1 agonist = Y2 agonist. To examine possible signal transduction mechanism(s) involved in mediating this effect, pertussis toxin, RpcAMPs (cyclic adenosine-3'5'-monophosphothioate Rp diastereomer), Ca(2+)-free DMEM and TMB-8 (3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino) octylester) were used to treat the cells before and during superfusion with NPY. Treatment with pertussis toxin, RpcAMPs, and Ca(2+)-free DMEM did not significantly alter NPY-stimulated LHRH release responses to 10(-7) M NPY. However, the addition of 100 microM and 250 microM TMB-8 to Ca(2+)-free DMEM almost completely blocked this NPY effect, as did 10 microM ryanodine. Finally, the locus of action for this NPY effect was examined using tetrodotoxin to reduce action potential propagation in the GT1-7 cells. Tetrodotoxin treatment blocked the LHRH response to NPY by more than 50%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Distinct novel mutations affecting the same base in the NIPA1 gene cause autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia in two Chinese families (2005)

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by lower-limb spasticity, hyperreflexia, progressive spastic gait abnormalities, and an extensor-plantar response. It is genetically very heterogeneous, with 28 Human Genome Organisation (HUGO)-approved IDs in the database (last search: August 8, 2004). Following the identification of the SPG6 gene, NIPA1, we have identified two novel mutations, c.316G>C and c.316G>A, in two independent Chinese families linked to the SPG6 locus. These two mutations would cause a p.G106R substitution, and cosegregated with the disease. Structural predictions suggest that p.G106 is located in the third transmembrane domain of the protein, and that the mutant p.G106R disrupts this structure, causing the intramembrane loop to descend into the cytoplasm. Our results identify two novel mutations responsible for HSP and suggest that c.316 of theNIPA1 gene may be a mutational hotspot.
Toll-Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) and TLR9 Agonists Cooperate To Enhance HIV-1 Envelope Antibody Responses in Rhesus Macaques (2014)

Combining TLR agonists in an adjuvant formulation resulted in higher antibody levels compared to an adjuvant without TLR agonists. Adjuvants that combine TLR agonists may be useful for enhancing antibody responses to HIV-1 vaccines.
An experiment in integrated multimedia conferencing (1986)

This paper deals with the integration of multimedia conferencing facilities into an existing software environment. We assume that the "semantics" of the conferencing facilities have already been defined and address only the issue of how to implement those semantics in such a way as to minimize the impact on existing software. In particular, users should be able to invoke any application from within the framework of a conference, and programmers should be able to develop new applications without having to deal explicitly with conferencing issues. We present the basic architectural approachs to this problem and discuss an early experiment with one of them.
Bulk gas separation by pressure swing adsorption (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBulk gas separation by pressure swing adsorptionPeiling Cen and Ralph T. YangCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1986, 25, 4, 758–767Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i100024a047https://doi.org/10.1021/i100024a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1025Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Characterization of the human and murine IL-7 genes. (1990)

IL-7 cDNA clones were used to isolate clones from the human IL-7 gene locus. Characterization of the clones revealed that the human IL-7 gene contains six exons, distributed over more than 33-kbp. An 18 amino acid insert found in human IL-7, for which no counterpart has yet been demonstrated in murine IL-7, is exactly encoded by exon 5 of the human gene. Clones were also isolated containing 5' flanking sequences and the first four exons of the murine IL-7 gene. RNase protection studies of murine IL-7 mRNA, as well as the sequences of 5'-terminal murine IL-7 cDNA clones obtained by anchored polymerase chain reaction cloning, indicate that the murine IL-7 gene initiates transcription at multiple sites within a 200-bp region. This region, and the sequence upstream of this region, appears to lack transcriptional regulatory sequences commonly found in eukaryotic promoters, including the TATA and CAAT sequences. However, the region lies within a CpG island, and contains potential recognition sequences for the "helix-loop-helix" class of DNA binding proteins.
Substituted (2-phenoxyphenyl)acetic acids with antiinflammatory activity. 1 (1983)

A number of polychlorinated (phenoxyphenyl)acetic acids were prepared as close structural analogues of the antiinflammatory compound fenclofenac, [2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl]acetic acid. Increased potency was shown in several of these compounds, in particular, [2-(2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenoxy) phenyl]acetic acid (8), which was 40 times more potent than fenclofenac in the adjuvant-induced arthritis screen. In further tests it was found to be equipotent with indomethacin but with a much reduced incidence of acute toxicity (LD50 and ulcerogenicity). On chronic dosing, however, serious toxicity problems arose (including anemia, neutrophilia, and severe peritonitis), and this led to the abandonment of further work on the compound. Three further analogues were prepared containing NH, S, and SO moieties bridging the phenyl rings. Although the NH compound bore a very close structural resemblance both to the above O-linked compound and the potent antiinflammatory drug diclofenac, [2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)imino]phenyl]acetic acid, it showed low activity in primary screens. Similarly, neither the S- or SO-bridged analogues had potencies that approached that of 8.
Simple Method for Rearing the Insect Predator Geocoris punctipes (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) on a Meat Diet1 (1985)

An all-beef artificial diet was developed for rearing Geocoris punctipes (Say). Thus far, five complete continuous generations have developed on this diet at a cost of ca. $0 63 per 1000 adults. Eggs for a sixth generation have been laid. There was an increase in biomass from <1.0 mg for first instars that started the culture to nearly 1,200 mg biomass in the fifth generation. Numbers of G. punctipes have increased in each succeeding generation, an indication that the present diet and techniques may lend themselves to mass culture of this important predator.
Chemistry and Properties of Nanocrystals of Different Shapes (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry and Properties of Nanocrystals of Different ShapesClemens Burda, Xiaobo Chen, Radha Narayanan, and Mostafa A. El-SayedView Author Information Center for Chemical Dynamics and Nanomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve UniversityMillis 2258, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 4, 1025–1102Publication Date (Web):March 18, 2005Publication History Received22 July 2004Published online18 March 2005Published inissue 1 April 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr030063ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr030063aresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71691Altmetric-Citations6546LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Absorption,Electrical energy,Metal nanoparticles,Nanocrystals,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts