gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lysophosphatidic acid accelerates lung fibrosis by inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into myofibroblasts (2013)

Lung fibrosis is characterized by vascular leakage and myofibroblast recruitment, and both phenomena are mediated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) via its type-1 receptor (LPA1). Following lung damage, the accumulated myofibroblasts activate and secrete excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), and form fibrotic foci. Studies have shown that bone marrow-derived cells are an important source of myofibroblasts in the fibrotic organ. However, the type of cells in the bone marrow contributing predominantly to the myofibroblasts and the involvement of LPA-LPA1 signalling in this is yet unclear. Using a bleomycin-induced mouse lung-fibrosis model with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic mouse bone marrow replacement, we first demonstrated that bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) migrated markedly to the bleomycin-injured lung. The migrated BMSC contributed significantly to α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts. By transplantation of GFP-labelled human BMSC (hBMSC) or EGFP transgenic mouse BMSC (mBMSC), we further showed that BMSC might be involved in lung fibrosis in severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)/Beige mice induced by bleomycin. In addition, using quantitative-RT-PCR, western blot, Sircol collagen assay and migration assay, we determined the underlying mechanism was LPA-induced BMSC differentiation into myofibroblast and the secretion of ECM via LPA1. By employing a novel LPA1 antagonist, Antalpa1, we then showed that Antalpa1 could attenuate lung fibrosis by inhibiting both BMSC differentiation into myofibroblast and the secretion of ECM. Collectively, the above findings not only further validate LPA1 as a drug target in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis but also elucidate a novel pathway in which BMSCs contribute to the pathologic process.
Mechanochromic Response of Poly(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate Hydrogel Encapsulated Crystalline Colloidal Arrays (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTMechanochromic Response of Poly(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate Hydrogel Encapsulated Crystalline Colloidal ArraysStephen H. Foulger, Ping Jiang, Amanda C. Lattam, Dennis W. Smith,, and John BallatoView Author Information Center of Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634 Cite this: Langmuir 2001, 17, 19, 6023–6026Publication Date (Web):August 23, 2001Publication History Received20 February 2001Revised6 July 2001Published online23 August 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la010264ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/la010264ebrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2289Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Composites,Crystals,Hydrogels,Mixtures,Photonics Get e-Alerts
Characterization of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing human melanoma-associated antigen p97 (1988)

p97 is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed at high levels in most human melanomas but present only in trace amounts in normal adult tissues. We are interested in exploring the possibility of using recombinant vaccinia virus to express a specific tumor-associated antigen as a vaccine against human cancer. To this end, we constructed a recombinant virus, v-p97NY, which contains the entire coding sequence for p97 under the control of the vaccinia virus 7.5K promoter. Upon infection of tissue culture cells, v-p97NY expressed high levels of a membrane-bound glycoprotein immunoreactive with a p97-specific monoclonal antibody. Immunization of mice with this recombinant elicited high-titered antibodies against p97. Spleen cells isolated from these mice proliferated in vitro when stimulated either with purified p97 protein or with syngeneic cells expressing p97 antigen. Delayed-type hypersensitivity was also observed in immunized mice after challenge with p97-expressing cells. These findings indicate the potential usefulness of v-p97NY and similar recombinants in tumor immunotherapy.
MEK/ERK pathway is aberrantly active in Hodgkin disease: a signaling pathway shared by CD30, CD40, and RANK that regulates cell proliferation and survival (2003)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (also called extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK]) pathway has been implicated in malignant transformation and in the regulation of cellular growth and proliferation of several tumor types, but its expression and function in Hodgkin disease (HD) are unknown. We report here that the active phosphorylated form of MAPK/ERK is aberrantly expressed in cultured and primary HD cells. Inhibition of the upstream MAPK kinase (also called MEK) by the small molecule UO126 inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative activity in HD cell lines. UO126 modulated the levels of several intracellular proteins including B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2), myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) and caspase 8 homolog FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP), and induced G2M cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis. Furthermore, UO126 potentiated the activity of apoliprotein 2/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (APO2L/TRAIL) and chemotherapy-induced cell death. Activation of CD30, CD40, and receptor activator of nuclear kappabeta (RANK) receptors in HD cells by their respective ligands increased ERK phosphorylation above the basal level and promoted HD cell survival. UO126 inhibited basal and ligand-induced ERK phosphorylation, and inhibited ligand-induced cell survival of HD cell lines. These findings provide a proof-of-principle that inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway may have therapeutic value in HD.
Securities Law - Securities & Exchange Commission v. Rind: SEC Civil Enforcement Actions Are Not Subject To Statute Of Limitations (1995)

Torture and inhuman and degrading treatment of persons by state functionaries in China is documented by both international and domestic sources as being fairly widespread. It takes place in pre-trial detention as well as in prisons and labor camps. Its roots are to be found firstly in a weak legal system; the fair trail guarantees are still not observed in the Chinese legal system and the courts are not sufficiently independent from political and economic interests. Secondly, a tradition of coercion and uncontested bureaucratic power, inherited from communist and imperial times, is still alive. Thirdly, China lacks efficient monitoring mechanisms, like complaints boards and a free press. The legislation prohibiting torture is relatively clear, compared to so many other countries, but a huge gap between black-letter-law and practice mar all parts of Chinese society, including the legal procedural system. There are efforts taken by public authorities, legal professionals and activists to combat the use of torture, but these are met with opposition and inertia, especially from the police system, and there is still a long way to go.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnostic considerations. (2006)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by the gradual progression of irreversible airflow obstruction and increased inflammation in the airways and lung parenchyma that is generally distinguishable from the inflammation caused by asthma. Most chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with smoking, but occupational exposure to irritants and air pollution also are important risk factors. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease typically present with coughing, sputum production, and dyspnea on exertion. However, none of these findings alone is diagnostic. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease diagnostic criterion for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio of less than 70 percent of the predicted value. Severity is further stratified based on forced expiratory volume in one second and symptoms. Chest radiography may rule out alternative diagnoses and comorbid conditions. Selected patients should be tested for alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Arterial blood gas testing is recommended for patients presenting with signs of severe disease, right-sided heart failure, or significant hypoxemia. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease also is a systemic disorder with weight loss and dysfunction of respiratory and skeletal muscles.
Synthesis and reactions of furocondensed derivatives (1984)

This paper describes the preparation of furo[2',3' :4,5]pyrollo[1,2- d ]-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4- f ]-1,2,4-triazines ( V ) from 4 H -furo[3,2- b ]pyrolle-5-carboxhydrazide ( I , and benzo[ b ]furo[2',3' :4,5]-pyrrolo[1,2- d ]-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4- f ]-1,2,4-triazines ( VIII ) from 1 H -benzo[ b ]furo[3,2- b ]pyrrole-2-carboxhydrazide. Compound I reacts with triethyl orthoformate or orthoacetate to give 1,2-dihydro[2',3'-4,5]pyrrolo[1,2- d ]-1,2,4-triazin-1-one or its methyl analogue II . Compounds of general formula II afford with phosphorus pentasulfide thiones III ; III yields IV with hydrazine. Cyclization of IV with triethyl orthoformate or orthoacetate furnished compounds V . Similarly, VI gives with hydrazine VII , which, upon reaction with triethyl orthoformate or orthoacetate affords VIII .
Targeted drug delivery via folate receptors (2008)

Targeted delivery via selective cellular markers can potentially increase the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of therapeutic agents. The folate receptor (FR) has two glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored isoforms, alpha and beta. FR-alpha expression is frequently amplified in epithelial cancers, whereas FR-beta expression is found in myeloid leukemia and activated macrophages associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. Conjugates of folic acid and anti-FR antibodies can be taken up by cancer cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis, thus providing a mechanism for targeted delivery to FR+ cells. The aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of applications of FR targeting in drug delivery, with an emphasis on the strategy of using folate as a targeting ligand. In order to do this, recent literature is surveyed on targeted delivery via both FR sub-types, as well as new findings on selective receptor upregulation in the targeted cells. A wide variety of molecules and drug carriers, including imaging agents, chemotherapeutic agents, oligonucleotides, proteins, haptens, liposomes, nanoparticles and gene transfer vectors have been conjugated to folate and evaluated for FR-targeted delivery. Substantial targeting efficacy has been found both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, mechanisms and methods for selective FR upregulation have been uncovered, which might enhance the effectiveness of the FR-targeted delivery strategy. FR-alpha serves as a useful marker for cancer, whereas FR-beta serves as a marker for myeloid leukemia and chronic inflammatory diseases. FR-targeted agents have shown promising efficacy in preclinical models and significant potential for future clinical application in a wide range of diseases.
Optoacoustic image reconstruction and system analysis for finite-aperture detectors under the wavelet-packet framework (2016)

In optoacoustic tomography, detectors with relatively large areas are often employed to achieve high detection sensitivity. However, spatial-averaging effects over large detector areas may lead to attenuation of high acoustic frequencies and, subsequently, loss of fine features in the reconstructed image. Model-based reconstruction algorithms improve image resolution in such cases by correcting for the effect of the detector’s aperture on the detected signals. However, the incorporation of the detector’s geometry in the optoacoustic model leads to a significant increase of the model matrix memory cost, which hinders the application of inversion and analysis tools such as singular value decomposition (SVD). We demonstrate the use of the wavelet-packet framework for optoacoustic systems with finite-aperture detectors. The decomposition of the model matrix in the wavelet-packet domain leads to sufficiently smaller model matrices on which SVD may be applied. Using this methodology over an order of magnitude reduction in inversion time is demonstrated for numerically generated and experimental data. Additionally, our framework is demonstrated for the analysis of inversion stability and reveals a new, nonmonotonic dependency of the system condition number on the detector size. Thus, the proposed framework may assist in choosing the optimal detector size in future optoacoustic systems.
ADOÇÃO POR CASAIS HOMOSSEXUAIS: UMA LUTA PELA IGUALDADE DE DIREITOS (2015)

A sociedade de classes ao estereotipar os individuos e as relacoes sociais acabam por gerar uma segregacao social, baseada no preconceito e na discriminacao. Em que os valores morais postos por esta sociedade violam a dignidade humana, e desrespeitam os direitos humanos. O presente artigo analisa como a adocao enquanto direito e posta na sociedade capitalista que tem seus limites e impoe seus interesses, sem, contudo, levar realmente em consideracao as reais necessidades dos diversos segmentos da populacao, a exemplo de homossexuais e de criancas e adolescentes que tem seus direitos violados.
Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effect of Atorvastatin on Endoglin Expression Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Cultured Cardiac Fibroblasts (2010)

Atorvastatin inhibits endoglin expression through the inhibition of PI-3 kinase, Akt, and Smad3 phosphorylation, and reduced Smad3/4 binding activity and endoglin promoter activity in cardiac fibroblasts.
In Situ Crosslinking Elastin-Like Polypeptide Gels for Application to Articular Cartilage Repair in a Goat Osteochondral Defect Model (2008)

The objective of this study was to evaluate an injectable, in situ crosslinkable elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) gel for application to cartilage matrix repair in critically sized defects in goat knees. One cylindrical, osteochondral defect in each of seven animals was filled with an aqueous solution of ELP and a biocompatible, chemical crosslinker, while the contralateral defect remained unfilled and served as an internal control. Joints were sacrificed at 3 (n = 3) or 6 (n = 4) months for MRI, histological, and gross evaluation of features of biomaterial performance, including integration, cellular infiltration, surrounding matrix quality, and new matrix in the defect. At 3 months, ELP-filled defects scored significantly higher for integration by histological and gross grading compared to unfilled defects. ELP did not impede cell infiltration but appeared to be partly degraded. At 6 months, new matrix in unfilled defects outpaced that in ELP-filled defects and scored significantly better for MRI evidence of adverse changes, as well as integration and proteoglycan-containing matrix via gross and histological grading. The ELP-crosslinker solution was easily delivered and formed stable, well-integrated gels that supported cell infiltration and matrix synthesis; however, rapid degradation suggests that ELP formulation modifications should be optimized for longer-term benefits in cartilage repair applications.
Resistance to anthrapyrazoles and anthracyclines in multidrug-resistant P388 murine leukemia cells: reversal by calcium blockers and calmodulin antagonists. (1986)

A series of anthrapyrazoles was examined for their cytotoxic effect on P388 cells resistant (P388R) to anthracyclines, N-[4-(9-acridinylamino)-3-methoxyphenyl] methanesulfonamide, trimetrexate, and vinblastine. The degree of resistance of P388R cells to Adriamycin (ADR) and daunomycin was 50-fold and 38-fold, respectively, when compared to the parent cell line (P388S). The Adriamycin-resistant cells were highly cross-resistant to some anthrapyrazoles, but the degree of cross-resistance was not uniform and was less than 3-fold for one member of the series. The lipophilicity of these compounds appeared to correlate to some extent with the level of resistance. The calcium channel blockers verapamil (VER) and diltiazem and the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine potentiated the cytotoxicity of the anthrapyrazoles and ADR in P388R. This potentiating effect was concentration dependent with VER being the most efficacious. VER increased ADR cytotoxicity by greater than 10-fold and CI-937 by almost 40-fold. However, VER, diltiazem, and trifluoperazine had no effect on ADR or anthrapyrazole activity in P388S cells. The antiarrhythmic drug, quinidine, and the detergent, Tween 80, also potentiated ADR activity in P388R cells to the same extent as VER. Both the net accumulation and efflux of [3H]daunomycin were altered in P388R cells by nontoxic concentrations of Tween 80 in a fashion virtually identical to that demonstrated for VER. These data suggest that agents which potentiate drug cytotoxicity in P388R cells may do so by their interaction with the lipid domain of the plasma membrane. In addition, these results demonstrate that some members of the new series of DNA binding drugs, the anthrapyrazoles, may be active against anthracycline-resistant tumors and that, where cross-resistance to them occurs, it can be partially reversed by agents such as VER.
Biochemical Characteristics of Caspases-3, -6, -7, and -8 (1997)

The observation that the nematode cell death effector gene product Ced-3 is homologous to human interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (caspase-1) has led to the discovery of at least nine other human caspases, many of which are implicated as mediators of apoptosis. Significant interest has been given to aspects of the cell biology and substrate specificity of this family of proteases; however, quantitative descriptions of their biochemical characteristics have lagged behind. We describe the influence of a number of environmental parameters, including pH, ionic strength, detergent, and specific ion concentrations, on the activity and stability of four caspases involved in death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Based on these observations, we recommend the following buffer as optimal for investigation of their characteristics in vitro: 20 mM piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (PIPES), 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM dithiothreitol, 1 mM EDTA, 0.1% 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS), 10% sucrose, pH 7.2. Caspase activity is not affected by concentrations of Ca2+ below 100 mM, but is abolished by Zn2+ in the submicromolar range, a common characteristic of cysteine proteases. Optimal pH values vary from 6.8 for caspase-8 to 7.4 for caspase-3, and activity of all is relatively stable between 0 and 150 mM NaCl. Consequently, changes in the physiologic pH and ionic strength would not significantly alter the activity of the enzymes, inasmuch as all four caspases are optimally active within the range of these parameters found in the cytosol of living and dying human cells.
Primary Particles – Agglomerates – Aggregates (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Definition Preparation of Nanoparticles Defect Structures Problems of Detection and Measurement Methods for the Characterization of Nanoparticles Problem of Data on the Specific Surface Distinction between Agglomerates and Aggregates Comparison of Workplace Air Measurements with Results from Electron Microscopy Diversity of Primary Particles Effect of Primary Particles General Tendencies of Primary Particles References
Lifetime of oxygen (O2(1.DELTA.g)) in liquid water as determined by time-resolved infrared luminescence measurements (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLifetime of oxygen (O2(1.DELTA.g)) in liquid water as determined by time-resolved infrared luminescence measurementsMichael A. J. Rodgers and Paul T. SnowdenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 20, 5541–5543Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00384a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00384a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views829Altmetric-Citations396LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flat Dot Matrix Display Module for Vehicle Instrumentation (1987)

Due to the recent increase in safety and operational information supplied to vehicle operators, an important need has arisen: the development of an effective display unit which uses a minimal amount of dashboard space. A flat dot matrix lcd module is one possible satisfactory solution, but it is somewhat limited in terms of response time and viewing angle. This paper presents a review of the recent progress and projected future trends in lcd technology as it is applied to vehicle instrumentation. In addition, the paper discusses the design methodology, electrooptical properties, and function of three types of flat dot matrix display modules which have an intermediate number of picture elements (a).