gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo Effectiveness of Laser Fluorescence Compared to Visual Inspection and Radiography for the Detection of Occlusal Caries in Primary Teeth (2003)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effectiveness of laser fluorescence compared to visual inspection and radiography for the detection of occlusal caries in primary teeth. Fifty sites from 30 molars in 29 patients were selected and evaluated under standardized conditions by 2 previously trained examiners according to the 3 diagnostic methods. Histological examination served as gold standard after exfoliation or extraction. Values obtained for sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 0.60, 0.90 and 0.73 for laser fluorescence, 0.82, 0.85 and 0.84 for visual inspection and 0.62, 0.73 and 0.67 for radiography, respectively. Considering only dentinal caries, values were 0.73, 0.95 and 0.90 for laser fluorescence, 0.61, 1.00 and 0.90 for visual inspection and 0.96, 0.81 and 0.85 for radiography, respectively. We conclude that for the detection of occlusal caries in primary molars laser fluorescence presents a similar accuracy when compared to visual inspection and radiography, although visual inspection showed better values for sensitivities for both enamel and dentin lesions.
Immunohistochemical Evidence for Impaired Neuregulin‐1 Signaling in the Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia and in Unipolar Depression (2007)

In the central nervous system (CNS), neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) proteins function in neuronal migration, differentiation, and survival of oligodendrocytes. The NRG-1 gene codes for at least 15 different isoforms, which may be classified on the basis of their molecular structure. At least two different haplotypes of the NRG-1 gene may be associated with schizophrenia. An abnormal expression pattern of NRG-1 mRNA was found in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients in comparison to controls. We here show that the NRG-1alpha isoform is significantly reduced in white matter of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia but not in affective disorder. In the prefrontal gray matter, the density of NRG-1alpha expressing neurons was reduced in individuals with schizophrenia and in unipolar patients. We studied brains of 22 schizophrenics, 12 patients with affective disorders (7 unipolar and 5 bipolar), and 22 matched controls. NRG-1alpha immunoreactive material was detected with a polyclonal antiserum against the synthetic peptide from alpha-type EGF-like domain of human NRG. The demonstrated decreased number of NRG-1 immunoreactive neurons in the brains of schizophrenics and patients with unipolar depression points to an important role of this NRG-1alpha splice variant in neuropsychiatric disorders. Reduced NRG-1alpha protein concentrations were found in brains of schizophrenics after Western blot analysis. The diminished expression of NRG-1alpha strongly supports an early neurodevelopmental component to schizophrenia.
HER-2/neu Testing in Breast Cancer (2003)

The testing of newly diagnosed breast cancer specimens for HER-2/neu status has achieved "standard of practice" status for the management of breast cancer in the United States. The discussion as to the best method to determine HER-2/neu status in these samples continues, with the fluorescence in situ hybridization method gaining popularity owing to the recent evidence that it, in comparison with immunohistochemical analysis, might more accurately predict clinical responses to trastuzumab-based therapies. With trastuzumab achieving excellent results in the treatment of HER-2/neu-positive advanced disease and under extensive evaluation in major clinical trials for its potential efficacy when used at earlier clinical stages, the potential role(s) for HER-2/neu testing as a predictor of response to other therapies being resolved by large prospective clinical outcome studies, and the more convenient gene-based chromogenic in situ hybridization technique "waiting in the wings," the saga of HER-2/neu testing in breast cancer will continue to unfold over the next several years.
Clinical studies of vaccines targeting breast cancer. (2003)

Many clinical studies have been undertaken to assess the therapeutic potential of vaccination and have included a large variety of cancer immunogens. Most of these studies involved patients with metastatic cancer, which is characterized by the most aggressive malignant cells, the longest-lasting disease, and the failure of all standard cytotoxic treatments. The presence of tumor over long periods and the toxicity of previous treatments tend to negatively affect immune responsiveness to tumor antigens presented by the vaccine. In this review, we analyze the ability of past and current vaccine therapies to induce clinical responses in breast cancer. To date, clinical responses have been observed by using vaccines targeting HER-2/neu protein, human telomerase reverse transcriptase, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen given after stem cell rescue. The review concludes with a discussion of possible future directions for vaccine development and applications.
Music Recommender System for Wi-Fi Walkman (2003)

Abstract The research described in this report is a part of research in UseT work package of the CACTUS project. This research focuses on personalization in ad-hoc wireless environments. As a concrete example, we look into music recommender systems (MRS). In this report, we give the problem description of MRS as well as its application with the scenario of Wi-Fi walkman of the CACTUS storyboard. In this report, first, we discuss the background and motivation of our personalization research. Then we state that a recommender system (RS) is a target form to generate personalization in our particular ad-hoc wireless network domain. Second, we discuss our concrete application: Music recommendation with the Wi-Fi walkman scenario. The definition and explanation of our problem are given. Third, we conduct a literature review about RS’s by looking at commercially available products and the different research aspects. Fourth, our scope and research issues of MRS are discussed. We state that user interest should be modelled both in terms of
Mutational analysis of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G for membrane fusion domains (1993)

The spike glycoprotein G of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) induces membrane fusion at low pH. We used linker insertion mutagenesis to characterize the domain(s) of G glycoprotein involved in low-pH-induced membrane fusion. Two or three amino acids were inserted in frame into various positions in the extracellular domain of G, and 14 mutants were isolated. All of the mutants expressed fully glycosylated proteins in COS cells. However, only seven mutant G glycoproteins were transported to the cell surface. Two of these mutants, D1 and A6, showed wild-type fusogenic properties. The mutant A2 had a temperature-sensitive defect in the transport of the mutant G glycoprotein to the cell surface. The other four mutants, H2, H5, H10, and A4, although present in cell surface, failed to induce cell fusion when cells expressing these mutant glycoproteins were exposed to acidic pH. These four mutant G proteins could form trimers, indicating that the defect in fusion was not due to defective oligomerization. One of these mutations, H2, is within a region of conserved, uncharged amino acids that has been proposed as a possible fusogenic sequence. The mutation in H5 was about 70 amino acids downstream of the mutation in H2, while mutations in H10 and A4 were about 300 amino acids downstream of the mutation in H2. Conserved sequences were also noted in the H10 and A4 segment. The results suggest that in the case of VSV G glycoprotein, the fusogenic activity may involve several spatially separated regions in the extracellular domain of the protein.
Sequence analysis of nonradioactive RNA fragments by periodate-phosphatase digestion and chemical tritium labeling: characterization of large oligonucleotides and oligonucleotides containing modified nucleosides (1974)

A tritium derivative method for sequence analysis of polyribonucleotides is detailed, which is based on borotritide reduction of oligonucleotide dialdehydes generated by treatment of polyribonucleotides with alkaline phosphatase and excess periodate at pH 8 (borate buffer; no primary amine present in the reaction mixture). While neither phosphatase nor periodate possess any intrinsic exonuclease activity their combination mimics an RNA-specific exonuclease ("pseudo-exonuclease"). Procedures are described for separation and characterization of tritiumlabeled oligonucleotide derivatives. The sequence is deduced by identification of labeled 3'-termini following separation of the reduced nucleotide intermediates according to chain length. The sensitivity of the method is indicated by the fact that as little as 0.01 O.D.260 unit of a nonradioactive decanucleotide is sufficient for sequence determination.
Large vocabulary continuous speech recognition based on WFST structured classifiers and deep bottleneck features (2013)

Recently, structured classification approaches have been considered important with a view to achieving unified modeling of the acoustic and linguistic aspects of speech recognizers. With these approaches, unified representation is achieved by directly optimizing a score function that measures the correspondence between the input and output of the system. Since structured classifiers typically employ a linear function as a score function, extracting expressive features from the input and output of the system is very important. On the other hand, the effectiveness of deep neural networks has been verified by several experiments, and it has been suggested that the outputs of hidden layers in deep neural networks (DNNs) are essential speech features that purely express phonetic information. In this paper, we propose a method for structured classification with DNN features. The proposed method expands conventional DNN- based acoustic models so that they optimizes the weight terms of the arcs in a decoding WFST, which is constructed with the on-the-fly composition method. Since DNN-based features can be considered enhancements in the input representation, the enhancements in the output representation based on the WFST arcs are expected to complement the DNN-based features. The proposed method achieved an 8 % relative error reduction even compared with a strong acoustic model based on DNNs.
Optimization of RNA Extraction from FFPE Tissues for Expression Profiling in the DASL Assay (2008)

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast tumor tissues are readily available and represent a largely untapped, vast resource for molecular profiling of clinical samples with long-term follow-up data. We have optimized the conditions and parameters that result in the preparation of total RNA that is of the necessary quality for use in the DASL (cDNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension, and ligation) assay in which expression of 502 genes are analyzed simultaneously using as little as 100 ng of input RNA.
The Lesions of Experimental Equine Morbillivirus Disease in Cats and Guinea Pigs (1997)

Nine cats and four guinea pigs became affected with severe disease during experiments on the infectivity of equine morbillivirus, a newly recognized cause of respiratory disease in horses and humans. Four of the cats were challenged by subcutaneous inoculation, two by intranasal installation, two by oral dosage, and one by direct contact with a cat previously infected by subcutaneous inoculation. All four guinea pigs were inoculated subcutaneously. Gross pathology seen in all affected cats was characterized by hydrothorax and dark, heavy, wet, congested and/or hemorrhagic lungs with froth sometimes found in the respiratory passages. Pulmonary lymph nodes were enlarged and edematous. Six cats also had congested ceca with accompanying edema of mesenteric lymph nodes. Histologically, the lesions in the lungs of the cats were those of severe interstitial pneumonia characterized by serofibrinous alveolar edema, alveolar macrophages, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, thrombosis of small veins, alveolar wall necrosis, and syncytial cells. Clearly defined vascular lesions included intramural hemorrhage, edema, and necrosis and syncytial cells in the endothelium of pulmonary arteries and veins, 20-80 microm in diameter. Vascular lesions accompanied by parenchymal degeneration were also seen in the gastrointestinal and lymphoid organs. Syncytial cells were also visible in the lymphoid tissues of lymph nodes, spleen, and Peyer's patches. At necropsy, all guinea pigs were cyanosed and had congestion and edema in the gastrointestinal tract. Histologically, there was widespread vascular disease in arteries and veins, 20-80 microm in diameter, in many organs such as the lungs, kidneys, spleens, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tracts, and skeletal and intercostal muscles, but there was no severe pulmonary edema as seen in horses and cats. Sections of tissues of the cats and guinea pigs, examined by indirect immunocytochemical stains, confirmed that the vascular damage was associated with the presence of equine morbillivirus antigen. The syncytia in small blood vessels in the lungs and other organs of both cats and guinea pigs were similar to those seen in horses, and their presence was interpreted as an important characteristic of the disease consistent with a reaction to a morbillivirus.
A secure unidirectional proxy re-encryption using identity and secret key exchange (2009)

Proxy re-encryption, abbreviated as PRE, is a cryptosystem which allows the proxy to re-encrypt a cirphertext without accessing the underlying message. The re-encryption protocol should be key independent to avoid compromising the private keys of the sender and the recipient. PRE should also be secure from signature re-usability, where unreliable proxies store and re-use the signatures without the authorization of the signature bearer. This is achieved by ensuring that PRE algorithm is unidirectional, key independent and the signature is dynamic. The proposed approach uses identity and secret key to prevent plain text and collusion attacks while ensuring that the delegator approves every signature used on his behalf. The algorithm used to generate the private/public keys is different from that generating the secret key. The proposed approach is secure even in unreliable proxies.
Increase in gap‐junctional intercellular communications (GJIC) of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) on surfaces coated with high‐molecular‐weight hyaluronic acid (HMW HA) (2002)

Normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were used to detect differences in gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) by hyaluronic acid (HA), a linear polymer built from repeating disaccharide units that consist of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNa) and D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) linked by a beta 1-4 glycosidic bond. The NHDF cells were cultured with different molecular weights (MW) of HA for 4 days. The rates of cell attachment in dishes coated with high-molecular-weight (HMW; 310 kDa or 800 kDa) HA at 2 mg/dish were significantly reduced at an early time point compared with low-molecular-weight (LMW; 4.8 kDa or 48 kDa) HA with the same coating amounts. HA-coated surfaces were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) under air and showed that HA molecules ran parallel in the dish coated with LMW HA and had an aggregated island structure in the dish coated with HMW HA surfaces. The cell functions of GJIC were assayed by a scrape-loading dye transfer (SLDT) method using a dye solution of Lucifer yellow. Promotion of the dye transfer was clearly obtained in the cell monolayer grown on the surface coated with HMW HA. These results suggest that HMW HA promotes the function of GJIC in NHDF cells. In contrast, when HMW HA was added to the monolayer of NHDF cells, the functions of GJIC clearly were lowered in comparison with the cells grown in the control dish or with those grown on the surface of HMW HA. Therefore it is concluded that the MW size of HA and its application method are important factors for generating biocompatible tissue-engineered products because of the manner in which the GJIC participates in cell differentiation and cell growth rate.
Chemical Composition of Selected Forages and Spices and the Effect of These Spices on In vitro Rumen Degradability of Some Forages (2010)

Spices can be used as novel supplements to enhance the utilization of low quality forages (LQF) and reduce nutrient wastage by ruminant animals. However, it is essential to characterize these spices alongside LQF before testing their potential use as supplements in ruminant diets. This study characterized four spices (cinnamon, cumin, clove and turmeric) alongside three forages (rice straw, wheat straw and hay) for their chemical components before evaluating their effect at four different doses (0, 10, 30 and 90 mg/g forage DM) on the in vitro rumen degradability of dry matter (DM) (IVD) and organic matter (OM) (IVOMD) of these forages at various incubation times. It appeared that some spices could provide complementary nutrients which could improve the utilization of LQF where hay had better chemical composition than the other two forages. Cumin contained more crude protein (CP), ether extract and mineral contents whereas turmeric contained more soluble sugars than the other spices. Cinnamon was least acceptable as a ruminant supplement due to its higher condensed tannin and saponin and lower CP and mineral contents. The IVD and IVOMD were highest for hay and lowest for wheat straw with all spices at all incubation times (p<0.001). Due to relatively better nutrient profiles, cumin and turmeric had greater effect on IVD and IVOMD of the forages. In contrast, cinnamon had negative effects on IVD and IVOMD. IVD and IVOMD were greater at 10 mg/g than at other levels of most spices suggesting that using certain amounts of spices can increase forage degradability. However, the choice of a spice will depend upon the forage type being offered to ruminants. Further studies will examine the effect of these spices on fermentation profile, methane production and nitrogenous loss by ruminants.
Plasma Etching Fundamentals and Applications (1998)

Abstract The focus of this book is the remarkable advances in understanding of low pressure RF (radio frequency) glow discharges. A basic analytical theory and plasma physics are explained. Plasma diagnostics are also covered before the practicalities of etcher use are explored.
Bisazaheterocycles: Part VII: Synthesis of novel bisquinazolinonyl β-lactams (2002)

The synthesis of bisquinazolinonyl β-lactams as probes for multi-receptor sites is reported.
Expression of the Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (VLDL-r), an Apolipoprotein-E Receptor, in the Central Nervous System and in Alzheimerʼs Disease (1996)

The very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDL-r) is a cell-surface molecule specialized for the internalization of multiple diverse ligands, including apolipoprotein E (apoE)-containing lipoprotein particles, via clathrin-coated pits. Its structure is similar to the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-r), although the two have substantially different systemic distributions and regulatory pathways. The present work examines the distribution of VLDL-r in the central nervous system (CNS) and in relation to senile plaques in Alzheimer disease (AD). VLDL-r is present on resting and activated microglia, particularly those associated with senile plaques (SPs). VLDL-r immunoreactivity is also found in cortical neurons. Two exons of VLDL-r mRNA are differentially spliced in the mature receptor mRNA. One set of splice forms gives rise to receptors containing (or lacking) an extracellular O-linked glycosylation domain near the transmembrane portion of the molecule. The other set of splice forms appears to be brain-specific, and is responsible for the presence or absence of one of the cysteine-rich repeat regions in the binding region of the molecule. Ratios of the receptor variants generated from these splice forms do not differ substantially across different cortical areas or in AD. We hypothesize that VLDL-r might contribute to metabolism of apoE and apoE/A beta complexes in the brain. Further characterizations of apoE receptors in Alzheimer brain may help lay the groundwork for understanding the role of apoE in the CNS and in the pathophysiology of AD.
Esophageal Damage During Radiofrequency Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Impact of Energy Settings, Lesion Sets, and Esophageal Visualization (2009)

ESUL is a rare finding when using a reasonable energy maximum of 25 W with open-irrigated tip catheters at the posterior wall. Lower energy settings may increase safety without losing efficacy. Additional linear radiofrequency lesions increase the risk of ESUL development.
Resveratrol Derivatives from the Roots of Vitis thunbergii (2005)

Investigating the constituents of the roots of Vitis thunbergii led to the isolation of four new resveratrol derivatives, vitisinols A-D (1-4), together with (+)-epsilon-viniferin, (-)-viniferal, ampelopsin C, miyabenol A, (+)-vitisin A, and (+)-vitisin C. The structures of these 10 compounds were established by spectroscopic (NMR and MS) analyses. All of the isolated compounds, except 1, were tested for their antiplatelet and antioxidative activities.
Up-regulation of Twist induces angiogenesis and correlates with metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. (2007)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly invasive tumor characterized by vigorous neovascularization. The purpose of this study is to examine the expression of Twist, a highly conserved bHLH transcription factor that is known to promote EMT, and evaluate its effect on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis of HCC. The mRNA expression of Twist, VEGF, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin was determined by Real-Time RT-PCR in 30 pairs of hepatocellular carcinomas and matched non-cancerous tissues. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to analyze the protein expression of Twist, VEGF, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin in 40 hepatocellular carcinoma cases. The staining of endothelial cells for CD34 was used to evaluate the MVD. We found that Twist mRNA and protein were both increased in HCC as compared to non-cancerous tissues. The HCC specimens showing positive Twist expression had a higher microvessel density than those without Twist expression. And up-regulated Twist protein was significantly associated with intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastasis (p=0.048 and P=0.039 respectively). In addition, patients with Twist expression had poor prognosis. We also found that the expression of Twist positively correlated with up-regulation of VEGF and N-cadherin (P=0.002 and p=0.016 respectively), but not with downregulation of E-cadherin in HCC. Our results demonstrate that Twist may play an important role in the angiogenesis and metastasis of HCC. Twist expression may become a potential novel prognostic factor for the disease survival of HCC.
Fast removal of non-uniform camera shake (2011)

Camera shake leads to non-uniform image blurs. State-of-the-art methods for removing camera shake model the blur as a linear combination of homographically transformed versions of the true image. While this is conceptually interesting, the resulting algorithms are computationally demanding. In this paper we develop a forward model based on the efficient filter flow framework, incorporating the particularities of camera shake, and show how an efficient algorithm for blur removal can be obtained. Comprehensive comparisons on a number of real-world blurry images show that our approach is not only substantially faster, but it also leads to better deblurring results.