gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micropipette Aspiration for Studying Cellular Mechanosensory Responses and Mechanics (2013)

Micropipette aspiration (MPA) is a widely applied method for studying cortical tension and deformability. Based on simple hydrostatic principles, this assay allows the application of a specific magnitude of mechanical stress on cells. This powerful method has revealed insights about cell mechanics and mechanosensing, not only in Dictyostelium discoideum but also in other cell types. In this chapter, we present how to set up a micropipette aspiration system and the experimental procedures for determining cortical tension and mechanosensory responses.
Bilirubin decreases NOS2 expression via inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase: implications for protection against endotoxic shock in rats (2005)

We investigated a possible beneficial role for bilirubin, one of the products of heme degradation by the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 in counteracting Escherichia coli endotoxin-mediated toxicity. Homozygous jaundice Gunn rats, which display high plasma bilirubin levels due to deficiency of glucuronyl transferase activity, and Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to sustained exogenous bilirubin administration were more resistant to endotoxin (LPS)-induced hypotension and death compared with nonhyperbilirubinemic rats. LPS-stimulated production of nitric oxide (NO) was significantly decreased in hyperbilirubinemic rats compared with normal animals; this effect was associated with reduction of inducible NO synthase (NOS2) expression in renal, myocardial, and aortic tissues. Furthermore, NOS2 protein expression and activity were reduced in murine macrophages stimulated with LPS and preincubated with bilirubin at concentrations similar to that found in the serum of hyperbilirubinemic animals. This effect was secondary to inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase since 1) inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase attenuated NOS2 induction by LPS, 2) bilirubin decreased NAD(P)H oxidase activity in vivo and in vitro, and 3) down-regulation of NOS2 by bilirubin was reversed by addition of NAD(P)H. These findings indicate that bilirubin can act as an effective agent to reduce mortality and counteract hypotension elicited by endotoxin through mechanisms involving a decreased NOS2 induction secondary to inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase.
T-Independent Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Expression, Class-Switch Recombination, and Antibody Production by Immature/Transitional 1 B Cells (2007)

Inflammation elicits a splenic lymphopoiesis of unknown physiologic significance but one that juxtaposes developing B cells and exogenous Ag. We show that immature and transitional 1 (immature/T1) B cells constitutively express activation-induced cytidine deaminase and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 in amounts that support accelerated plasmacytic differentiation and limited class-switch recombination. In vivo, activation of immature/T1 B cells by TLR ligands or bacterial vaccine rapidly induces T1 cells to divide, proliferate, and secrete IgM, IgG, or IgA Ab; in vitro, proliferation and differentiation are substantially enhanced by B cell-activating factor. We propose that inflammation-induced extramedullary lymphopoiesis represents a specialized mechanism for innate Ab responses to microbial pathogens.
Blockade of the Interaction Between PD-1 and PD-L1 Accelerates Graft Arterial Disease in Cardiac Allografts (2004)

The PD-L1 pathway regulates both the proliferation of SMCs and GAD. Thus, control of this interaction is a promising strategy for suppression of GAD.
Purification of murine T cell growth factor. A lymphocyte mitogen with helper activity. (1981)

Mouse T cell growth factor was purified from the serum-free conditioned medium of lectin-stimulated spleen cells. A 3,000-fold purification was achieved with a final yield of 12%. The purified protein, with an apparent Mr of 23,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was active at concentrations of 4 x 10(-11) M, both in the T cell growth factor and T cell replacing factor assays. In addition, purified T cell growth factor alone was mitogenic for spleen cells from both nude and normal mice.
Increased Expression of TGF-β1 in Brain Tissue After Ischemic Stroke in Humans (1996)

These results suggest that TGF-beta 1 is important in the pathogenesis of the angiogenic response in ischemic brain tissue and its modulation may be used for therapeutic purposes.
The pyrolysis of cellulose and the action of flame‐retardants (1966)

Abstract In further work on the vacuum pyrolysis of cotton cellulose, alone or with flame‐retardants, at temperatures usually near 420°, products have been identified and determined. In the tar, laevoglucosan has been determined by an infra‐red absorption method, and by gas‐liquid chromatography of its trimethylsilyl ether; 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural and 1,6‐anhydro‐β‐ D ‐glucofuranose have been identified and determined similarly by gas‐liquid chromatography. By thin‐layer chromatography of the 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazones, 19 carbonyl compounds have been identified in the products from pure cotton; fewer were found from cotton treated with flame‐retardants. The distribution of boron, nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine from appropriate flame‐retardants has been determined among the products of pyrolysis of cotton. It is concluded that borax/boric acid, and APO‐THPC, act predominantly in the solid phase; Proban appears to act partly in the vapour phase. Mechanisms of pyrolysis are proposed. In a pure cotton cellulose, 1,2‐anhydroglucoses are regarded as important intermediates.
Adaptive optical coherence-domain reflectometry using photorefractive quantum wells (2004)

Adaptive optical-coherence-domain reflectometry (OCDR) is performed by use of an adaptive interferometer and homodyne detection. The adaptive element of the interferometer is a photorefractive quantum-well device in a two-wave mixing geometry. The mixing self-adaptively maintains constant relative phase between the signal and reference waves and dynamically compensates gross movements of the sample or optical components as well as image speckle. The application described here is used for laser ranging into and through turbid media. Adaptive OCDR is a bridge between conventional optical coherence tomography and adaptive holographic optical coherence imaging. The insertion loss for the adaptive performance is −15 dB, but adaptive OCDR has potential applications for coherence tomography under conditions of large target motion and low background. We also demonstrate its potential application for optoacoustics and laser-based ultrasound detection.
RNA Secondary Structure in the Coding Region of Dengue Virus Type 2 Directs Translation Start Codon Selection and Is Required for Viral Replication (2006)

Dengue virus is a positive-strand RNA virus and a member of the genus Flavivirus, which includes West Nile, yellow fever, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. Flavivirus genomes are translated as a single polyprotein that is subsequently cleaved into 10 proteins, the first of which is the viral capsid (C) protein. Dengue virus type 2 (DENV2) and other mosquito-borne flaviviruses initiate translation of C from a start codon in a suboptimal context and have multiple in-frame AUGs downstream. Here, we show that an RNA hairpin structure in the capsid coding region (cHP) directs translation start site selection in human and mosquito cells. The ability of the cHP to direct initiation from the first start codon is proportional to its thermodynamic stability, is position dependent, and is sequence independent, consistent with a mechanism in which the scanning initiation complex stalls momentarily over the first AUG as it begins to unwind the cHP. The cHP of tick-borne flaviviruses is not maintained in a position to influence start codon selection, which suggests that this coding region cis element may serve another function in the flavivirus life cycle. Here, we demonstrate that the DENV2 cHP and both the first and second AUGs of C are necessary for efficient viral replication in human and mosquito cells. While numerous regulatory elements have been identified in the untranslated regions of RNA viral genomes, we show that the cHP is a coding-region RNA element that directs start codon selection and is required for viral replication.
Accelerated Pharmacokinetics and Glucodynamics of Prandial Insulins Injected With Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase (2009)

Co-administration of rHuPH20 accelerated the PK and glucodynamics of both insulin formulations. Additional studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical relevance of these findings in patients with diabetes.
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (2011)

The rare condition of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is presented here, unusually, in a 54-year-old woman. IGM mimics breast carcinoma and further differentials include tuberculosis and fungal infections of the breast together with other chronic granulomatous conditions. Of note is its characteristic ultrasound features that can suggest the diagnosis. Diagnosis is made by core biopsy and histology. Patients have been shown to respond to steroid and other immunosuppressive therapy, with surgical excision reserved for those whose condition is recurrent and unresponsive to medical treatment.
Isoprenoid biosynthesis in plant chloroplasts via the MEP pathway: Direct thylakoid/ferredoxin‐dependent photoreduction of GcpE/IspG (2006)

In the methylerythritol phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis, the GcpE/IspG enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate into (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate. This reaction requires a double one-electron transfer involving a [4Fe-4S] cluster. A thylakoid preparation from spinach chloroplasts was capable in the presence of light to act as sole electron donor for the plant GcpE Arabidopsis thaliana in the absence of any pyridine nucleotide. This is in sharp contrast with the bacterial Escherichia coli GcpE, which requires flavodoxin/flavodoxin reductase and NADPH as reducing system and represents the first proof that the electron flow from photosynthesis can directly act in phototrophic organisms as reducer in the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway, most probably via ferredoxin, in the absence of any reducing cofactor. In the dark, the plant GcpE catalysis requires in addition of ferredoxin NADP(+)/ferredoxin oxido-reductase and NADPH as electron shuttle.
MISMATCH REPAIR IN ESCHERICHIA COLI (1986)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
New Technique for Synthesizing Iron Ferrite Magnetic Nanosized Particles (1997)

Ferrous dodecyl sulfate, Fe(DS)2, micellar solution was used to make nanosized magnetic particles whose size is controlled by the surfactant concentration and by temperature. The average particle size varies from 3.7 to 11.6 nm, with a standard deviation ranging from 0.22 to 0.34. In contrast to what is obtained in homogeneous solution, iron ferrite particles can be obtained when the synthesis is performed at very low reactant concentrations and room temperature. Furthermore, nanoparticles are obtained when the syntheses are performed using Fe(II) as reactant whereas in homogeneous solution particles in the micrometric range are formed. The particle crystallinity varies with the synthesis temperature, going from fairly low values at 25 °C to fairly high values at 50 °C and above. The particles are characterized by superparamagnetic behavior. The saturation magnetization decreases with particle size, which is explained in terms of non-collinear structure at the interface. Particles with low crystallinity are characterized by magnetic diameters smaller than those determined by transmission electron microscopy. This is attributed to crystalline anisotropy.
The promise of anti-ErbB3 monoclonals as new cancer therapeutics (2012)

In the last 3-5 years strong evidence has been gathered demonstrating ErbB3 as a key node for the progression of several cancer types. From the mechanistic standpoint the intracellular region of this receptor is rich of tyrosine residues that, upon phosphorylation, become high affinity binding sites for PI3K and other proteins involved in signal transduction. The involvement of ErbB3 occurs at different levels, most likely as a consequence of its promiscuity in the interaction with other RTKs of the same or other families. Several efforts are therefore being put in the development of antibodies that target this receptor either singly or in combination with other synergizing receptors. Some of these compounds have already entered clinical development. Although clinical proof-of-concept has not yet been achieved, this is likely to occur soon and will further accelerate the inclusion of anti-ErbB3 monoclonals in the repertoire of anticancer agents for more effective combination therapy. In this paper we review the wealth of anti-ErbB3 antibodies under development and compare their properties and potential to become marketed drugs.
QUASI STEADY STATE SIMULATION OF DIESEL ENGINE TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN OF MECHATRONIC GOVERNOR (1996)

Electronic governors are used in place of conventional mechanical-hydraulic governors in an increasing number of marine vessels. In this paper the features of these electronic governors are reviewed and a control scheme is proposed. For this purpose a computer simulation of the transient characteristics of marine diesel engines has been formulated based on the Quasi Steady State Method, which allows for the computation of the performance of diesel engines with a relatively simple model. A control scheme for the governor-diesel system is proposed which by means of updating newly defined parameters within the controller using feedback from the output, can improve the dynamic response of the governor-diesel engine system significantly compared with that controlled by a conventional mechanical hydraulic governor. The control scheme proposed is characterized by parameters whose numerical values are tuned to optimize the dynamic response of the overall system. Finally, the characteristics of the electronic governor-marine diesel engine system incorporating the proposed control scheme are demonstrated by computer simulation.
In vivo transcranial brain surgery with an ultrasonic time reversal mirror (2007)

The results provide striking evidence that noninvasive ultrasonographic brain surgery is feasible. Thus the authors offer a novel noninvasive method of performing local brain ablation in animals for behavioral studies. This technique may lead the way to noninvasive and nonionizing treatment of brain tumors and neurological disorders by selectively targeting intracranial lesions. Nevertheless, sheep do not represent a good functional model and extensive work will need to be conducted preferably on monkeys to investigate the effects of this treatment.
Curcumin: A review of anti-cancer properties and therapeutic activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2011)

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a polyphenol derived from the Curcuma longa plant, commonly known as turmeric. Curcumin has been used extensively in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries, as it is nontoxic and has a variety of therapeutic properties including anti-oxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic activity. More recently curcumin has been found to possess anti-cancer activities via its effect on a variety of biological pathways involved in mutagenesis, oncogene expression, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis and metastasis. Curcumin has shown anti-proliferative effect in multiple cancers, and is an inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-κB and downstream gene products (including c-myc, Bcl-2, COX-2, NOS, Cyclin D1, TNF-α, interleukins and MMP-9). In addition, curcumin affects a variety of growth factor receptors and cell adhesion molecules involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and treatment protocols include disfiguring surgery, platinum-based chemotherapy and radiation, all of which may result in tremendous patient morbidity. As a result, there is significant interest in developing adjuvant chemotherapies to augment currently available treatment protocols, which may allow decreased side effects and toxicity without compromising therapeutic efficacy. Curcumin is one such potential candidate, and this review presents an overview of the current in vitro and in vivo data supporting its therapeutic activity in head and neck cancer as well as some of the challenges concerning its development as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent.
Evaluation of a potential generator-produced PET tracer for cerebral perfusion imaging: single-pass cerebral extraction measurements and imaging with radiolabeled Cu-PTSM. (1990)

Copper(II) pyruvaldehyde bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (Cu-PTSM), copper(II) pyruvaldehyde bis(N4-dimethylthiosemicarbazone) (Cu-PTSM2), and copper(II) ethylglyoxal bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (Cu-ETSM), have been proposed as PET tracers for cerebral blood flow (CBF) when labeled with generator-produced 62Cu (t1/2 = 9.7 min). To evaluate the potential of Cu-PTSM for CBF PET studies, baboon single-pass cerebral extraction measurements and PET imaging were carried out with the use of 67Cu (t1/2 = 2.6 days) and 64Cu (t1/2 = 12.7 hr), respectively. All three chelates were extracted into the brain with high efficiency. There was some clearance of all chelates in the 10-50-sec time frame and Cu-PTSM2 continued to clear. Cu-PTSM and Cu-ETSM have high residual brain activity. PET imaging of baboon brain was carried out with the use of [64Cu]-Cu-PTSM. For comparison with the 64Cu brain image, a CBF (15O-labeled water) image (40 sec) was first obtained. Qualitatively, the H2(15)O and [64Cu]-Cu-PTSM images were very similar; for example, a comparison of gray to white matter uptake resulted in ratios of 2.42 for H2(15)O and 2.67 for Cu-PTSM. No redistribution of 64Cu was observed in 2 hr of imaging, as was predicted from the single-pass study results. Quantitative determination of blood flow using Cu-PTSM showed good agreement with blood flow determined with H2(15)O. This data suggests that [62Cu]-Cu-PTSM may be a useful generator-produced radiopharmaceutical for blood flow studies with PET.
Photoassisted oxygenation of olefins: an exchanged zeolite as a heterogeneous photosensitizer (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoassisted oxygenation of olefins: an exchanged zeolite as a heterogeneous photosensitizerThomas L. Pettit and Marye Anne FoxCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 7, 1353–1354Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100398a029https://doi.org/10.1021/j100398a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The cloning of a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase expressed in the central nervous system (1993)

We have isolated cDNA clones and deduced the complete amino acid sequence of a large receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase containing 2307 amino acids. The human gene encoding this phosphatase, denoted RPTP beta (or PTP zeta), has been localized to chromosome 7q31-33. RPTP beta is composed of a large extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic portion with two tandem catalytic domains. We have also cloned a variant of RPTP beta lacking 859 amino acids from the extracellular domain but with intact transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Interestingly, the amino-terminal region of the extracellular domain of RPTP beta contains a stretch of 266 amino acids with striking homology to the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Immunoprecipitation experiments from a human neuroblastoma cell line indicate that the apparent molecular mass of the core and glycosylated forms of RPTP beta are approximately 250 and 300 kDa, respectively. Northern blot analysis shows that RPTP beta is strictly expressed in the central nervous system. In situ hybridization was used to further localize the expression to different regions of the adult brain including the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum, the dentate gyrus, and the subependymal layer of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. Hence, RPTP beta represents the first mammalian tyrosine phosphatase whose expression is restricted to the nervous system. The high level of expression of RPTP beta transcripts in the ventricular and subventricular zones of the embryonic mouse brain suggests the importance of this tyrosine phosphatase in the development of the central nervous system.
Antibacterial activities of a fosfomycin/tobramycin combination: a novel inhaled antibiotic for bronchiectasis (2009)

FTI is a broad-spectrum antibiotic combination with high activity in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest FTI could be a potential treatment for respiratory infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria.
Characterization of Aromatase and 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Expression in Rat Osteoblastic Cells (1998)

Postmenopausal loss of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in women is associated with decreased bone mineral density and increased susceptibility to osteoporotic bone fracture. These changes in bone status are assumed to be due to circulating levels of the hormone; therapeutic replacement of E2 can alleviate the bone disease. However, recent reports have shown that human osteoblastic (OB) cells are able to synthesize estrogens locally, via expression of the enzyme aromatase. In this study, we have characterized the expression and activity of aromatase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) in rat OB cell lines. Aromatase activity in ROS 17/2.8, ROS 25/1, and UMR 106 cells was similar to that shown in human OB cells, with the highest levels of activity observed in the more differentiated ROS 17/2.8 cells (Vmax = 45 pmol/h/mg of protein). The rat OB cells also showed 17 beta-HSD activity, with the predominant metabolism in all three cell lines being estrone (E1) to E2. As with aromatase, the highest activity was observed in ROS 17/2.8 cells (Vmax = 800 pmol/h/mg of protein). Northern analyses indicated the variable presence of transcripts corresponding to the type 1, 2, 3, and 4 isoforms of 17 beta-HSD. Further analysis of androstenedione metabolism indicated that the net effect of aromatase and 17 beta-HSD activity varied with cell type and culture treatment. All three OB cell lines were able to synthesize E1, E2, and testosterone from androstenedione, although activity varied between OB cell types. Regulatory effects were observed with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (positive) and dexamethasone (negative). These data suggest that local synthesis of sex hormones is an important function of OB cells and may play a key role in the modulation of bone turnover independent of circulating hormone concentrations.