gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perspectives in Biomolecular Therapeutic Intervention in Cancer: From the Early to the New Strategies With Type I Interferons (2007)

Interferon (IFN) was the first cytokine produced by recombinant DNA technology used in wide-spread clinical treatment of infectious diseases as well as malignancies. The IFN clinical potential was clearly realized from the outset. However, IFN represents one of the most controversial drugs of our time, as remarkable cycles of promise and disappointment have affected its development and use. Considerable evidence regarding anti-tumor activities of IFNs has been reported. In this paper we focus on molecular bases of the IFN system that may relate to its antitumor activities. Many of the numerous genes transcriptionally activated by IFNs have been shown to encode proteins that activate immune recognition of tumor cells, directly or indirectly exert tumor suppressor activity and/or control tumor cell cycle and programmed cell death. In addition, a physiological relevant function for endogenous type I IFN in cancer immunoediting process and a new way to IFN clinical use based on gene therapy or vaccine-like approaches have recently been suggested. The identification of selected tissue-specific and/or tumor-specific target pathways as well as of different type I IFN tumor escape and resistance mechanisms may provide novel approaches in the search for new IFN-based therapeutic strategies to circumvent cancer disease or improve clinical outcome. Promising IFN treatment has been recently defined by using novel pharmaceutical preparations with a more favourable pharmacokinetic response, also in combination with other bioreagents or other modalities of therapy. Translational research, linking both basic and clinical research, will lead to a new rationale for the use of IFN in cancer therapy.
Just where exactly is the radar? (a.k.a. the radar antenna phase center) (2013)

The "location" of the radar is the reference location to which the radar measures range. This is typically the antenna's "phase center". However, the antenna's phase center is not generally obvious, and may not correspond to any seemingly obvious physical location, such as the focal point of a dish reflector. This report calculates the phase center of an offset-fed dish reflector antenna.
ChemInform Abstract: Easy Preparation of Bioactive Peptides from the Novel Nα‐Trifluoroethyl Amino Acids. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of Temperature on Ultraviolet Injury (1964)

Heat enhances the injurious effect of ultraviolet light exposure. This has been shown in mice subjected to acute ultraviolet burns and in mice killed by continuous ultraviolet exposure. Mice living in a heated environment did not live as long as mice kept at room temperature. The rate of development of skin tumors was higher in mice exposed to ultraviolet light and kept in a hot environment than in mice exposed to ultraviolet light and kept at room temperature or heated for three hours after exposure. Fewer tumors appeared in mice heated for three hours before ultraviolet exposure.
Team Teaching in Adult Higher Education Classrooms: Toward Collaborative Knowledge Construction (2000)

Abstract The demands of co‐teaching in higher education are offset by the benefits that teachers and learners derive from collaborative knowledge construction.
Hierarchical Image Saliency Detection on Extended CSSD (2015)

Complex structures commonly exist in natural images. When an image contains small-scale high-contrast patterns either in the background or foreground, saliency detection could be adversely affected, resulting erroneous and non-uniform saliency assignment. The issue forms a fundamental challenge for prior methods. We tackle it from a scale point of view and propose a multi-layer approach to analyze saliency cues. Different from varying patch sizes or downsizing images, we measure region-based scales. The final saliency values are inferred optimally combining all the saliency cues in different scales using hierarchical inference. Through our inference model, single-scale information is selected to obtain a saliency map. Our method improves detection quality on many images that cannot be handled well traditionally. We also construct an extended Complex Scene Saliency Dataset (ECSSD) to include complex but general natural images.
Stable Remission of Tardive Dyskinesia by L-Dopa (1989)

Thirty-five adult chronic schizophrenic patients who had had severe persistent tardive dyskinesia for many years and who had received long-term neuroleptic therapy were treated with small repeated doses of L-dopa. After 4 weeks of treatment the intensity and frequency of involuntary movements decreased, and after 3 months orofacial and choreoathetotic dyskinetic movements diminished very much in all patients. Discontinuation of L-dopa therapy in 10 patients resulted in the return of involuntary movements after 6 weeks. Readministration of the same dose of L-dopa produced the previous therapeutic effects in all patients. Using the NIMH Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, the patients were rated severe (4) before treatment and mild (2) after treatment. Maintenance of all 35 patients on daily haloperidol 15 mg, or its neuroleptic equivalent, and small repeated doses of L-dopa induced a stable remission of all involuntary dyskinetic movements for the study year. The placebo control group remained unchanged with the same severe persistent dyskinetic manifestations.
MR spectroscopic imaging: Principles and recent advances (2012)

MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has become a valuable tool for quantifying metabolic abnormalities in human brain, prostate, breast and other organs. It is used in routine clinical imaging, particularly for cancer assessment, and in clinical research applications. This article describes basic principles of commonly used MRSI data acquisition and analysis methods and their impact on clinical applications. It also highlights technical advances, such as parallel imaging and newer high-speed MRSI approaches that are becoming viable alternatives to conventional MRSI methods. Although the main focus is on (1) H-MRSI, the principles described are applicable to other MR-compatible nuclei. This review of the state-of-the-art in MRSI methodology provides a framework for critically assessing the clinical utility of MRSI and for defining future technical development that is expected to lead to increased clinical use of MRSI. Future technical development will likely focus on ultra-high field MRI scanners, novel hyperpolarized contrast agents using metabolically active compounds, and ultra-fast MRSI techniques because these technologies offer unprecedented sensitivity and specificity for probing tissue metabolic status and dynamics.
A compact fast variable key size elliptic curve cryptosystem coprocessor (2003)

Elliptic curve (EC) cryptosystems have become more attractive due to their small key sizes and varieties of choices of the curves available. However, it is not efficient to implement them with a general-purpose microprocessor because of word size mismatch, less parallel computation, no hardware supported wire permutation and algorithm/architecture mismatch. The solution to this problem is to build a coprocessor. This coprocessor can be optimized for the algorithm of a particular application to enhance performance. Thus, the total hardware utilization can be kept at a very high rate and the computation is speeded up. A compact fast elliptic curve crypto coprocessor with variable key size is introduced, which utilizes the internal SRAM/registers in an FPGA. The generic hardware architecture for the coprocessor is implemented with a parameterized (in term of key size) VHDL description and is synthesized/mapped to a Xilinx FPGA. The algorithms adopted and the architecture developed are suitable for massively parallel computation. The experimental results show that the design can achieve a high utilization of CLBs for the Xilinx 4000 series.
mRNA expression patterns in different stages of asbestos-induced carcinogenesis in rats (2000)

Human malignant mesotheliomas are induced almost exclusively by fibrous dusts. The nature of interactions between fibers and target cells, and the molecular mechanisms leading to tumorigenesis, are not yet understood. Here, the mRNA expression patterns at different stages of asbestos-induced carcinogenesis in rats were monitored by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and array assay. Several genes were upregulated in pretumorous tissues from asbestos-treated rats, in asbestos-induced tumors and in cells treated with asbestos in vitro. The upregulation of the proto-oncogene c-myc, fra-1 and egfr in fiber-induced carcinogenesis was demonstrated at different stages of carcinogenesis. A possible role of Fra-1 as one of the dimeric proteins generating the AP-1 transcription factor was substantiated by its dose-dependent expression in mesothelial cells treated with asbestos in vitro. The upregulation of osteopontin (an extracellular matrix protein) and of zyxin and integrin-linked kinase (intracellular proteins associated with the focal adhesion contact), indicate that fibers may affect integrin-linked signal transduction and extracellular matrix proteins.
Rapid Identification of Candida albicans and Other Human Pathogenic Yeasts by Using Short Oligonucleotides in a PCR (1998)

A PCR system that can quickly and accurately identify 14 species of human pathogenic yeasts was developed. The procedure distinguished between nine species of a closely related clade, Lodderomyces elongisporus, Candida parapsilosis, a new Candida sp., C. sojae, C. tropicalis, C. maltosa, C. viswanathii, C. albicans, and C. dubliniensis and between another five more divergent species, Pichia guilliermondii, C. glabrata, C. zeylanoides, C. haemulonii, and C. haemulonii type II. A rapid DNA extraction procedure that yields purified DNA in about 1 h is also described. The system uses uniform conditions with four primers for each reaction, two 40- to 50-mer universal primers that serve as a positive control and two 23- to 30-mer species-specific primers. Species-specific primers were derived from a 600-nucleotide variable region (D1/D2) at the 5' end of the large-subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA gene and were generally designed to use mismatches at the 3' end. Universal primers were developed from conserved nucleotide sequences in the small-subunit (18S) rRNA gene. In this system, a control 1,200- to 1,300-base DNA fragment was produced in all reactions and a smaller 114- to 336-base DNA fragment was produced if the chromosomal DNA from the target species was present. The PCR procedure is rapid and easy to interpret and may be used with mixed cultures.
Extended defects in GaN single crystals (2001)

GaN single crystals grown by the high-pressure/high-temperature method were investigated by x-ray diffractometry and projection topography methods. The grown-in extended defects - low-angle grain boundary, straight dislocations of directions correlated to the growing lattice planes and large defects (probably inclusions) - were for the first time observed and investigated by x-ray projection topography.
Prebiotic oligosaccharides: In vitro evidence for gastrointestinal epithelial transfer and immunomodulatory properties (2010)

Prebiotic oligosaccharides are present in breast milk and evidence is pointing toward immunomodulatory properties of the acidic fraction. Recently, prebiotic supplements of infant formula [short-chain galacto (scGOS)-, long-chain fructo (lcFOS)-oligosaccharides] showed preventive effects on atopic disease development. We aimed to define the direct immunologic effects of these oligosaccharides and of human (aHMOS) and cows' milk (aCMOS) acidic oligosaccharides and to investigate the systemic uptake of prebiotic supplements of infant formula and a specific pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharide hydrolysate (pAOS) in vitro. After assurance of LPS-free conditions (limulus assay, toll like receptor-2, -4 transfected human embryonic kidney-cells), in vitro-transfer through a CaCo-2 cell monolayer was measured using high-pH anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Direct effects on proliferation, cytokine-induction of cord blood mononuclear cells and modulation of allergen-specific CD4+ T-cell cytokine profiles from allergic and non-allergic individuals were investigated. Transfer of scGOS/lcFOS and pAOS in-vitro was detected with a rate of transfer of 4-14%, depending on the molecular size and structure. AHMOS induced IFN-γ and IL-10 but not the Th-2 cytokine IL-13 at physiologic concentrations (10-100 μg/ml) in cord blood, whereas aCMOS did not induce any of these cytokines. AHMOS significantly suppressed Th-2 type cytokine-production by Ara h1-specific CD4+ T cells (CFSE(low) CD3(+) CD4(+) cells) from peanut allergic patients. In conclusion, human milk-derived acidic oligosaccharides may modulate postnatal allergen-specific immune responses by the suppression of Th-2-type responses in atopy-prone individuals. Moreover, there is in vitro evidence for epithelial transport of prebiotic oligosaccharides.
Atrial Flutter Mapping and Ablation II. Radiofrequency Ablation of Atrial Flutter Circuits (1996)

The definition of the anatomical substrate of reentry in atrial flutter has allowed the recognition of narrow, critical areas of the circuit, where radiofrequency ablation can interrupt reentry. In common flutter the isthmus between the inferior vena cava and the tricuspid valve appears the best target, but ablation between the coronary sinus and tricuspid valve can also be effective in some cases. In atypical flutter using the same circuit as common flutter in a "clockwise" direction, ablation of the same isthmus is effective. Flutter interruption is the main objective, but it does not mean complete isthmus ablation. If flutter remains inducible, new applications are delivered in the isthmus, until it is made noninducible. Complications are rare. Despite attaining noninducibility, flutter may recur, and new procedures may be needed to prevent recurrence. Atrial fibrillation can occur in up to 30% of the cases during follow-up, but it is generally well controlled with antiarrhythmic drugs, that were ineffective to treat flutter before ablation. In reentry circuits based on surgical atrial scars, ablation of an isthmus between the scar and the inferior vena cava can also be effective. Left atrial circuits are not known well enough to guide successful ablation.
“Click Labeling” with 2-[18F]Fluoroethylazide for Positron Emission Tomography (2007)

As an effort in the development of more flexible (18)F-labeling chemistry, we report herein on the use of the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition, also known as the "click reaction", to form (18)F-labeled 1,2,3-triazoles. Nucleophilic fluorination of 2-azidoethyl-4-toluenesulfonate followed by distillation provided 2-[(18)F]fluoroethylazide in 55% radiochemical yield (decay-corrected). 2-[(18)F]fluoroethylazide was reacted with a small library of terminal alkynes in the presence of excess Cu(2+)/ascorbate or copper powder. The most reactive alkyne, N-benzylpropynamide provided nearly quantitative incorporation of 2-[(18)F]fluoroethylazide after 15 min at ambient temperature, whereas the majority of the alkyne substrates provided excellent yields of the corresponding (18)F-labeled 1,2,3-triazoles following heating to 80 degrees C. Using the method described, a model peptide was obtained in 92.3 +/- 0.3% (n = 3) radiochemical yield (decay-corrected) after purification by semipreparative HPLC.
Near-Infrared Resonant Nanoshells for Combined Optical Imaging and Photothermal Cancer Therapy (2007)

Metal nanoshells are core/shell nanoparticles that can be designed to either strongly absorb or scatter within the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region ( approximately 650-950 nm). Nanoshells were designed that possess both absorption and scattering properties in the NIR to provide optical contrast for improved diagnostic imaging and, at higher light intensity, rapid heating for photothermal therapy. Using these in a mouse model, we have demonstrated dramatic contrast enhancement for optical coherence tomography (OCT) and effective photothermal ablation of tumors.
GPU-Accelerated Framework for Intracoronary Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging at the Push of a Button (2015)

Frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) has become one of the important clinical tools for intracoronary imaging to diagnose and monitor coronary artery disease, which has been one of the leading causes of death. To help more accurate diagnosis and monitoring of the disease, many researchers have recently worked on visualization of various coronary microscopic features including stent struts by constructing three-dimensional (3D) volumetric rendering from series of cross-sectional intracoronary FD-OCT images. In this paper, we present the first, to our knowledge, "push-of-a-button" graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated framework for intracoronary OCT imaging. Our framework visualizes 3D microstructures of the vessel wall with stent struts from raw binary OCT data acquired by the system digitizer as one seamless process. The framework reports the state-of-the-art performance; from raw OCT data, it takes 4.7 seconds to provide 3D visualization of a 5-cm-long coronary artery (of size 1600 samples x 1024 A-lines x 260 frames) with stent struts and detection of malapposition automatically at the single push of a button.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of eosinophil traffickingin vivo (1996)

The recruitment of eosinophils to sites of allergic inflammation is a complex process that is primarily regulated by inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. These molecules act in concert to stimulate peripheral eosinophilia, regulate homing of eosinophils to the inflammed organ, and promote eosinophil-vascular endothelium interactions, extravasation, chemotaxis, and localization to the site of the inflammatory stimulus. The essential and specific role of IL-5 in regulating blood and tissue eosinophilia, and the subsequent involvement of this leukocyte in the induction of lung damage and airway dysfunction identifies IL-5 as a primary therapeutic target. Developing strategies to inhibit IL-5 production and action, such as by the delivery of inhibitory cytokines to the lung, which specifically down-regulate CD4+ TH2 cell responses and eosinophilic inflammation, may be more beneficial than the current drugs of choice for preventive treatment and in the relief of acute and chronic asthma and allergic disease.
Inhibin and activin in human fetal membranes: evidence for a local effect on prostaglandin release (1993)

Trophoblast and fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) are the tissues forming the anatomical/functional interface between the mother and the fetus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence and a possible effect of inhibin and activin in human amnion and chorion. The expression of inhibin/activin alpha, beta A, and beta B subunit messenger RNA (mRNA) and the localization of immunoreactive material were evaluated in amnion and chorion collected at term pregnancy by a Northern blot analysis and by immunohistochemistry. Amnion cells expressed the mRNA of the three inhibin/activin subunits, with the beta B message the most abundantly expressed. The epithelial layer of the amnion showed an intense fluorescent staining of beta B inhibin/activin subunit, and positive signals were also observed for the alpha and beta A subunits. Inhibin/activin alpha and beta A subunit mRNAs were found highly expressed in chorion. The cytotrophoblast of the chorion showed a positive staining for the three inhibin/activin subunit antisera. The addition of activin A increased the release of prostaglandin E2 from human amnion-derived cultured cells. The effect was dose and time dependent. Inhibin A did not induce significant changes of prostaglandin E2 release from amnion cells. The present results show that amnion and chorion produce inhibin and activin subunits and that activin stimulates the release of prostaglandin E2 from cultured amnion cells, suggesting a possible role of inhibin and activin in fetal membranes.
The absolute configuration of an intermediate in the asymmetric synthesis of unusual amino acids (1992)

(4R)-3-[(2'R,3'R)-2'-Bromo-3'-(phenylbutanoyl)]-4-(phenylmethyl)-2 - oxazolidinone, C20H20Br-NO3, M(r) = 402.30, monoclinic, P2(1), a = 11.542 (2), b = 7.625 (1), c = 11.667 (1) A, beta = 113.97 (1) degrees, V = 938.2 (2) A3, Z = 2, Dx = 1.42 g cm-3, lambda(Mo K alpha) = 0.71073 A, mu = 21.8 cm-1, F(000) = 412, T = 296 +/- 1 K, final R = 0.028 for 2369 observed reflections. Since a D-chiral auxiliary was used the configuration at the alpha-carbon was R as expected. The two carbonyls are aligned in opposite directions to each other to overcome van der Waals repulsions.
Control scheme for delayed teleoperation tasks (2002)

Transmission delays can severely degrade system performance or even destroy the sense of operator telepresence due to instabilities. A workcell is to be controlled during remote manipulation without substantial system degradation. Thus, teleprogramming; a delay-tolerant control strategy for most telerobotic applications is outlined. A design of a double-loop feedback controller with a prediction scheme is also summarized for visual tracking of moving objects during remote manipulation. Its performance is evaluated using computer simulations in the frequency domain by minimizing a squared-error cost function of the motion parameters. The results presented imply a fast and robust controller.
Synthesis of SAPO-34: high silicon incorporation in the presence of morpholine as template (1994)

Synthesis of small pore SAPO-34 molecular sieve has been achieved under optimum conditions, elucidated by a detailed study of the kinetics of crystallization, in the presence of morpholine as a template. Incorporation of high silicon content into the framework of SAPO-34 has been observed and corroborated by physico-chemical characterization studies. Magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR investigation points to the existence of aluminosilicate domains in the SAPO framework.