gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recognition of T cell epitopes and lymphokine secretion by rye grass allergen Lolium perenne I-specific human T cell clones. (1994)

T cell lines (TCL) and CD4+ T cell clones (TCC) with specificity for the rye grass allergen Lolium perenne (Lol p) I were isolated from the blood of nine donors, six having active atopic disease, two being in remission, and one having IgE anti-Lol pI Abs but not atopic disease. The T cell epitopes of Lol pI were determined by TCLs and TCCs reactivity with 23 overlapping, 20 amino acid-long peptides spanning the entire length of the 230 amino acid-long allergen. In addition, the Th subsets (Th1, Th2, Th0, Thp) were determined by measuring IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 in the supernatants of TCC activated with Lol pI and irradiated APC. TCC from individuals from which a large panel of clones were obtained from 10(5) PBMC initial cultures recognized multiple peptides (5-9) and 23 overlapping peptides a total of 16 were recognized by at least one TCC from one of the patients. These 16 peptides were derived from all areas of the Lol pI molecule, indicating the ability of human Th cells to recognize many peptide epitopes on Lol pI. Although no clear cut immunodominant peptides were detected, T cell clones of 50% of the patients reacted with peptide 191-210. There was no correlation between peptide epitope reactivity and lymphokine secretion pattern of the TCC. Of 12 TCC obtained from six patients with active atopic disease, four (33%) were of Th1, five (42%) of Th2, one (8%) of Thp, and two (17%) of Th0 type. Of 14 TCCs isolated from three atopic donors in remission, five (36%) were of Th1, three (21%) of Th2, four (29%) of Thp, and two (14%) of Th0 type. The data demonstrate that T cells from rye grass pollen allergic patients can recognize multiple peptide epitopes on Lol pI scattered over the entire molecule. No correlation existed between epitope reactivity and lymphokine secretion pattern of the TCC.
Expanding the range of convergence of the CORDIC algorithm (1991)

The limitations on the numerical values of the functional arguments that are passed to the CORDIC computational units are discussed, with a special emphasis on the binary, fixed-point hardware implementation. Research in the area of expanding the allowed ranges of the input variables for which accurate output values can be obtained is presented. The methods proposed to expand the range of convergence for the CORDIC algorithm do not necessitate any unwidely overhead calculation, thus making this work amenable to a hardware implementation. The number of extra iterations introduced in the modified CORDIC algorithms is significantly less than the number of extra iterations discussed elsewhere. This reduction in the number of extra iterations will lead to a faster hardware implementation. Examples demonstrate the usefulness of the methods in realistic situations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Interplanetary Gas. I. Hydrogen Radiation in the Night Sky. (1959)

Lyman-a in the light of the night sky seems to be produced through resonance scattering of solar Ly-a by H in the interplanetary medium. Arguments are given against the hypothesis that the radiation might originate in a geocorona (extended outer atmosphere of the earth). The radiative-transfer problems of diffuse reflection hy the atmosphere, of the night-sky radiation and of the solar emission, are treated. The Ly-a airglow observed between 85 and 120 km could arise entirely from scattering of the night-sky radiation if the latter originated in a geocorona. But if, as seems to he the case, interplanetary gas is responsible, the airglow can be attributed to an albedo effect only for a rather large (hut not impossible) value of the hydrogen abundance in the upper atmosphere, and it seems likely that an additional source of Ly-a radiation may be present. The intensity distribution over the night sky indicates that the H is located principally within 1 a.u. of the earth. This intensity distribution and the observed intensity ratio, Ly-a/Ha, tend to substantiate the assumption made here that the interplanetary gas is optically thin in Ly-a. The H density implied by the night-sky intensity is at least 0.2 atom/cm3 in the neighborhood of the earth. The position of H in the solar system and the optical thickness may be investigated further by measurements of Ly-a polarization, computed here for an optically thin model. The data available so far do not provide a determination of the temperature of interplanetary H, but it could be derived from accurate measurements of the solar emission profile, the daytime albedo, and the variation with rocket altitude of the night-sky intensity in various directions.
What’s the Next Big Thing with Literature Circles? (2006)

Long an advocate of literature circles, Daniels recaps the history of literature circles and cautions against the “terminology drift” that labels practices as literature circles when, in fact, they are not. He offers resources that anchor best practice in this area, and discusses how the concept is evolving and expanding. He also introduces us to “the next big thing” in student-led discussion: written conversation.
A Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of the Film Properties of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Organosilanes on Oxidized Si(100) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of the Film Properties of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Organosilanes on Oxidized Si(100)K. Bierbaum, M. Kinzler, Ch. Woell, M. Grunze, G. Haehner, S. Heid, and F. EffenbergerCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 2, 512–518Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00002a025https://doi.org/10.1021/la00002a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1847Altmetric-Citations214LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pattern recognition properties of various feature spaces for higher order neural networks (1993)

The authors explore alternatives that reduce the number of network weights while maintaining geometric invariant properties for recognizing patterns in real-time processing applications. This study is limited to translation and rotation invariance. The primary interest is in examining the properties of various feature spaces for higher-order neural networks (HONNs), in correlated and uncorrelated noise, such as the effect of various types of input features, feature size and number of feature pixels, and effect of scene size. The robustness of HONN training is considered in terms of target detectability. The experimental setup consists of a 15*20 pixel scene possibly containing a 3*10 target. Each trial used 500 training scenes plus 500 testing scenes. Results indicate that HONNs yield similar geometric invariant target recognition properties to classical template matching. However, the HONNs require an order of magnitude less computer processing time compared with template matching. Results also indicate that HONNs could be considered for real-time target recognition applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A study of foam extrusion using a chemical blowing agent (1976)

An experimental study of foam extrusion was carried out to determine the effect of processing variables on the quality of the foam produced. For the study, the chemical blowing agent azodicarbonamide was used, together with an activator and a nucleating agent, to produce thermoplastic foams of low-density polyethylenes. The quality of foam was determined from photomicrographs and the tensile properties of extrudate samples. It was found that the percent elongation correlates with the foam density and that the cell structure (cell size and its distribution) correlates with the ultimate tensile properties of the foam produced. Also, an experimental study was carried out to observe the growth of gas bubbles as the polymer melt containing a blowing agent flows through a rectangular channel constructed of quartz. This experiment helped us to interpret the curved pressure profile of the polymer melt containing a blowing agent as the melt approaches the die exit, whereas the polymer without a blowing agent shows a linear pressure profile.
Lateral Patterning of CdTe Nanocrystal Films by the Electric Field Directed Layer-by-Layer Assembly Method (2002)

The electric field directed layer-by-layer assembly (EFDLA) method is used to fabricate a pattern of two different types of CdTe nanocrystals on a structured indium−tin−oxide (ITO) substrate. Such a pattern can be used to fabricate pixel arrays of CdTe light-emitting devices that emit electroluminescence of different colors. The highly fluorescent CdTe nanocrystals are negatively charged and alternated by a polycation, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), in the fabrication of multilayer PDDA/CdTe films on ITO and Au surfaces by the EFDLA method. The depositions of the charged species on different electrodes are controlled by the polarity of an applied bias voltage. We define the deposition that becomes easier in the electric fields as favorable deposition and that becomes more difficult as unfavorable deposition. Experimental results obtained by quartz crystal microbalance reveal that a series of unfavorable depositions of CdTe and PDDA performed in an alternate way can at most result in one bilayer of PDDA/CdTe on the Au surface at 0.6 V, whereas favorable depositions show a net growth of deposited mass with the increased number of deposition cycles. Similar results can also be obtained by using ITO electrodes, but a relatively high voltage of 1.4 V is required to achieve a contrast of 99% between favorable and unfavorable depositions. The large contrast enables the fabrication of dual-color photoluminescence and electroluminescence patterns of PDDA/CdTe films by successively depositing two differently sized CdTe nanocrystals on different ITO electrodes on one common substrate by the EFDLA method.
Complete surface exfoliation of 4H–SiC by H+- and Si+-coimplantation (2000)

Implantation of 4H–SiC with H+1 and Si+28 ions followed by annealing is shown to result in complete ejection or exfoliation of the implanted layer. This is in contrast to H+-only implantation where only partial exfoliation of the surface can be achieved. The mechanisms of this process and its dependence on implantation conditions are discussed. It is shown that amorphization of the surface region during Si+ irradiation is a necessary condition to produce this effect, and that it depends critically upon the thickness of the amorphous layer. Stress, induced by bulk recrystallization of the amorphized layer, acts as an additional driving force for H+ induced exfoliation causing the surface layer to separate completely at a depth near the end-of-range of the H+ ions. The morphologies of the newly exposed surfaces are studied by profilometry measurements and atomic force microscopy.
Cutting Edge: Novel RNA Ligands Able to Bind CD4 Antigen and Inhibit CD4+ T Lymphocyte Function (1998)

The value of high affinity-specific reagents in immunology is exemplified by the use of mAbs. Recent in vitro selection methods suggested that oligonucleotides may provide a useful alternative, especially where Abs have been insufficient thus far. We used a systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) procedure to derive high affinity oligonucleotide ligands (aptamers) recognizing CD4. These RNase-resistant aptamers bound with high affinity and specificity as demonstrated using BIAcore (Stevenage, U.K.) technology. They also bound native CD4 on rat lymphocytes and specifically interfered with labeling by high affinity mAbs. All aptamers recognized the same binding site in the CDR2-like region in domain 1 of CD4. The applicability of these aptamers for immunologic studies was clearly demonstrated by their ability to block a fully allogeneic MLR in a CD4-specific manner. The high affinity and stability of aptamers point to their value in the analysis and functional manipulation of the immune system.
Revealing Nanoscale Solid–Solid Interfacial Phenomena for Long-Life and High-Energy All-Solid-State Batteries (2019)

Enabling long cyclability of high-voltage oxide cathodes is a persistent challenge for all-solid-state batteries, largely because of their poor interfacial stabilities against sulfide solid electrolytes. While protective oxide coating layers such as LiNbO<sub>3</sub> (LNO) have been proposed, its precise working mechanisms are still not fully understood. Existing literature attributes reductions in interfacial impedance growth to the coating's ability to prevent interfacial reactions. However, its true nature is more complex, with cathode interfacial reactions and electrolyte electrochemical decomposition occurring simultaneously, making it difficult to decouple each effect. Herein, we utilized various advanced characterization tools and first-principles calculations to probe the interfacial phenomenon between solid electrolyte Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl (LPSCl) and high-voltage cathode LiNi<sub>0.85</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Al<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCA). We segregated the effects of spontaneous reaction between LPSCl and NCA at the interface and quantified the intrinsic electrochemical decomposition of LPSCl during cell cycling. Both experimental and computational results demonstrated improved thermodynamic stability between NCA and LPSCl after incorporation of the LNO coating. Additionally, we revealed the in situ passivation effect of LPSCl electrochemical decomposition. When combined, both these phenomena occurring at the first charge cycle result in a stabilized interface, enabling long cyclability of all-solid-state batteries.
Official Marimba guide to Castanet (1997)

From the Publisher:
Founded in 1996 by four original members of the Sun Java team, Marimba Inc. is creating a whole new way of developing and distributing applications with its Castanet technology - taking Java beyond flashy Web-based applets to the next step, where Java can begin to fulfill its true promise for creating secure, cross-platform applications. With this book you will learn why Castanet is revolutionizing the way companies will distribute information, applications, software, and data internally and worldwide across the Web. It covers all aspects of the Castanet technology, including installing and using both the Castanet Tuner and Transmitter, as well as full coverage of developing large-scale, media-rich Castanet channels. Regardless of the interest you have in Castanet - whether from the user, administrator, or developer side - the Official Marimba Guide to Castanet provides ample information and advice for getting started.
Germ-line alterations in MSR1 gene and prostate cancer risk. (2003)

Our results do not support a major role for the MSR1 gene in the causation of hereditary or unselected PRCAs but suggest a possible modifying role in cancer predisposition.
The Epigenetics of Multiple Sclerosis: Clues to Etiology and a Rationale for Immune Therapy (1994)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Xenotransplantation of canine, bovine, and porcine islets in diabetic rats without immunosuppression. (1991)

Permselective acrylic membranes were employed to prevent immune rejection of discordant islet xenografts isolated from various large animals. Canine, porcine, and bovine islets were seeded into tubular diffusion chambers and transplanted into the peritoneum of 27 nonimmunosuppressed streptozotocin-induced diabetic Lewis rats. Six recipients received islet grafts from bovine calves, 7 received grafts from pigs, and 14 received grafts from dogs. Four of the latter were removed at 1 month. In the control group of 10 diabetic rats, 4 received nonencapsulated canine islets, 3 received nonencapsulated bovine islets, and 3 received nonencapsulated porcine islets. Recipients of encapsulated islets promptly dropped from a pretransplantation plasma glucose level of 487 +/- 36 (mean +/- SEM) to 84 +/- 2 (canine), 81 +/- 4 (bovine), and 81 +/- 3 mg/dl (porcine) during the first week. All of the animals sustained these levels for at least 1 month. One rat spontaneously reverted to diabetes at 54 days posttransplantation; 4 other rats became hyperglycemic (glucose, greater than 600 mg/dl) after membrane removal on day 30. The remaining 22 rats maintained fasting euglycemia for greater than 10 weeks. In contrast, rats that received nonencapsulated islets became hyperglycemic in less than 7 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance test K values (decline in glucose levels, %/min) at 1 month for the canine and bovine encapsulated islet transplant group were 3.5 +/- 0.3 and 3.3 +/- 0.1 compared with 3.3 +/- 0.1 (P = 0.63) and 0.91 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.0001) for normal (n = 4) and diabetic (n = 4) control groups. Morphologic studies of long-term functioning grafts (30-130 days) revealed well-preserved alpha, beta, and delta cells, with varying degrees of granulation. These results demonstrate that immune isolation of islet tissue using permselective artificial membranes can protect discordant islet xenografts from immune rejection in the absence of any immunosuppressive drugs.
Glycosidase inhibitors: update and perspectives on practical use (2003)

About 40 years have passed since the classical glycosidase inhibitor nojirimycin was discovered from the cultured broth of the Streptomyces species. Since then, over 100 glycosidase inhibitors have been isolated from plants and microorganisms. Modifying or blocking biological processes by specific glycosidase inhibitors has revealed the vital functions of glycosidases in living systems. Because enzyme-catalyzed carbohydrate hydrolysis is a biologically widespread process, glycosidase inhibitors have many potential applications as agrochemicals and therapeutic agents. Glycosidases are involved in the biosynthesis of the oligosaccharide chains and quality control mechanisms in the endoplasmic reticulum of the N-linked glycoproteins. Inhibition of these glycosidases can have profound effects on quality control, maturation, transport, and secretion of glycoproteins and can alter cell-cell or cell-virus recognition processes. This principle is the basis for the potential use of glycosidase inhibitors in viral infection, cancer, and genetic disorders. In this review, the past and current applications of glycosidase inhibitors to agricultural and medical fields and the prospect for new therapeutic applications are reconsidered.
Recent Advances in Our Knowledge of Dengue and Sandfly Fever (1955)

SummaryThe chief advances in our knowledge of dengue during the past 2 years are in the demonstration that: 1) paralytogenic activity in intracerebrally inoculated monkeys of viruses submitted to prolonged passages in mice is due to the appearance of a new mutant and not to increased concentration of virus; 2) the Type 2, New Guinea "C" strain, after 18 passages in mice, has lost its virulence for man but not its immunogenic capacity; 3) early passage levels of both immunologic types of mouse-adapted virus possess sufficient "genetic stability" as regards propagation without appearance of the paralytogenic mutant, that fixed seed lots can be used for the preparation of a bivalent vaccine for human use; 4) specific hemagglutinins are associated with the 2 types of dengue virus and can be the basis of a simple in vitro serologic test for rapid diagnosis and epidemiologic survey.The chief advances in our knowledge of sandfly fever during the past 2 years stem from the demonstration that mouse pathogenic mutants can be developed by propagation in newborn mice. The immunologically distinct Sicilian and Naples strains were both adapted to mice to a point where they are equally virulent for newborn and adult mice by the intracerebral route. Tests performed with the mouse-adapted Sicilian strain in human beings revealed that it lost its virulence but not its immunogenic capacity. These mouse-adapted strains provide new tools for diagnosis, epidemiologic survey and prevention of sandfly fever.
Herbimycin A suppresses NF‐κB activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and the subsequent induction of nitric oxide synthase in C6 glioma cells (1995)

Herbimycin A, a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppressed nitric oxide synthase (NOS) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in C6 glial cells. LPS activated NF-kappa B, and this effect was inhibited by pretreatment with herbimycin A. In addition, IFN-gamma activated the tyrosine protein kinase, JAK2, and tyrosine-phosphorylation by itself was also inhibited by herbimycin A. These results suggest that herbimycin A suppresses iNOS induction by inhibition of both NF-kappa B activation caused by LPS, and tyrosine-phosphorylation of JAK2 caused by IFN-gamma in C6 glioma cells.
Coronary Angioplasty in Diabetic Patients (1996)

Compared with nondiabetic PTCA patients, diabetic patients have more extensive and diffuse atherosclerotic disease. Despite similar probability of angiographic success, diabetic patients are more likely to suffer in-hospital death(women) and nonfatal myocardial infarction. Long-term survival and freedom from myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization is also reduced in diabetic PTCA patients. Whether PTCA or coronary bypass surgery is more suitable for these patients is currently under investigation.