gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiogenic Factors Reconstitute Hematopoiesis by Recruiting Stem Cells from Bone Marrow Microenvironment (2003)

The mechanism by which angiogenic factors recruit bone marrow (BM)-derived quiescent endothelial and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is not known. Here, we report that functional vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR1, Flt-1) is expressed on a subpopulation of human CD34(+) and mouse Lin-Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+) BM-repopulating stem cells, conveying signals for recruitment of HSCs and reconstitution of hematopoiesis. Inhibition of VEGFR1 signaling, but not VEGFR2 (Flk-1, KDR), blocked HSC cell cycling, differentiation and hematopoietic recovery after BM suppression, resulting in the demise of the treated mice. Plasma elevation of placental growth factor (PlGF), which signals through VEGFR1, but not VEGFR2, restored hematopoiesis during the early and late phases following BM suppression. The mechanism whereby PlGF enhanced early phases of BM recovery was mediated directly through rapid chemotaxis of readily available VEGFR1(+) BM-repopulating and progenitor cells. The late phase of hematopoietic recovery was driven by PlGF-induced upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the BM, mediating the release of soluble Kit-ligand (sKitL). sKitL increased proliferation and motility of HSCs and progenitor cells, thereby augmenting hematopoietic recovery. PlGF promotes recruitment of VEGFR1(+) HSCs from a quiescent to a proliferative microenvironment within the BM, favoring differentiation, mobilization, and reconstitution of hematopoiesis.
Impairment in Postischemic Neovascularization in Mice Lacking the CXC Chemokine Receptor 3 (2005)

Inflammatory cell infiltration is a feature of postischemic neovascularization. However, mechanisms leading to leukocyte attraction to the site of neovascularization are still undefined. We hypothesized that the CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) may contribute to leukocyte accumulation and subsequently to blood vessel growth in the ischemic area. Ischemia induced by femoral artery ligature improved the number of CXCR3-expressing cells and the level of its ligand, CXCL10. Angiographic score, blood flow recovery measurement, and capillary density analysis showed a significant decrease of ischemic/nonischemic leg ratio in CXCR3-deficient mice when compared with controls (P<0.05), at day 21 after ischemia. Interestingly, this impairment was as important as that observed in mice deficient for the well known CC-chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). At day 7 of ischemic injury, the number of CD3-positive T cells and Mac-3-positive monocytes/macrophages was 38% and 45% lower, respectively, in the ischemic leg of CXCR3-deficient mice compared with the control group (P<0.05), suggesting an important role for CXCR3 in leukocyte recruitment into the ischemic area. VEGF protein content, a classical proangiogenic factor, was also markedly reduced (80% reduction) in ischemic leg of CXCR3-deficient mice (P<0.01). Injection of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) isolated from wild-type animals restored the neovascularization reaction in CXCR3-deficient mice whereas BM-MNCs from CXCR3-deficient mice was ineffective. In conclusion, CXCR3 plays a key role in neovascularization and provides novel information on the mechanisms leading to leukocyte infiltration in the vessel growth area.
Metalloproteinase-mediated release of human Fas ligand. (1995)

Fas ligand (FasL) is a type II integral membrane protein homologous with tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Recent studies indicate that TNF is processed to yield the soluble cytokine by metalloproteinases at the cell surface of activated macrophages and T cells. In the present study, we investigated whether FasL is also released by metalloproteinases. Treatment with hydroxamic acid inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases specifically led to accumulation of membrane-type FasL (p40) on the surface of human FasL cDNA transfectants and activated human T cells, as estimated by surface immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation with newly established anti-human FasL monoclonal antibodies. This surface accumulation of mFasL was associated with the decrease of soluble FasL (p27) in the supernatant as estimated by quantitative ELISA and immunoprecipitation with anti-human FasL monoclonal antibodies. These results indicate that human FasL is efficiently released from the cell surface by metalloproteinases like TNF.
Human-in-the-loop optimization of exoskeleton assistance during walking (2017)

Exoskeletons and active prostheses promise to enhance human mobility, but few have succeeded. Optimizing device characteristics on the basis of measured human performance could lead to improved designs. We have developed a method for identifying the exoskeleton assistance that minimizes human energy cost during walking. Optimized torque patterns from an exoskeleton worn on one ankle reduced metabolic energy consumption by 24.2 ± 7.4% compared to no torque. The approach was effective with exoskeletons worn on one or both ankles, during a variety of walking conditions, during running, and when optimizing muscle activity. Finding a good generic assistance pattern, customizing it to individual needs, and helping users learn to take advantage of the device all contributed to improved economy. Optimization methods with these features can substantially improve performance.
Rapid Isolation of PCR-Ready DNA from Blood, Bone Marrow and Cultured Cells, Based on Paramagnetic Beads (1997)

PCR-based methods for the analysis of genomic DNA are becoming increasingly common both in research and for routine purposes. A rapid, small-scale DNA isolation method is needed to take full advantage of the speed and automation potential of the PCR technology. We demonstrate the use of Dynabeads DNA DIRECT, a kit for the isolation of PCR-ready genomic DNA from whole blood, bone marrow or cultured cells in less than 10 min. The method is based on adsorption to magnetic beads prior to magnetic separation and involves no centrifugation steps or organic solvents. The yield and quality of the DNA is comparable to traditional large-scale methods. One isolation is enough for at least ten PCRs.
Emmprin and Survivin Predict Response and Survival following Cisplatin-Containing Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Bladder Cancer (2007)

Emmprin and survivin proteins were identified as strong independent prognostic factors for response and survival after cisplatin-containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced bladder cancer.
A Neural Shift Theory of Migraine (1993)

Migraine headache may lend itself to epidemiological inquiry that includes disruptive serotonergic psychosocial behaviors. To advance our knowledge of the etiology of this neurologic disorder, measurable psychosocial behaviors that are correlated with variability in monoamine neurotransmission need to be examined in the migraine population in a controlled fashion. It may be that those with migraine have a more difficult time adapting to internal or external environmental changes based on a different distribution of serotonin levels or activity. Psychosocial behaviors are outlined as possible serotonin indicator variables for future migraine investigation.
Paired Charge-to-Alanine Mutagenesis of Dengue Virus Type 4 NS5 Generates Mutants with Temperature-Sensitive, Host Range, and Mouse Attenuation Phenotypes (2002)

Charge-to-alanine mutagenesis of dengue virus type 4 (DEN4) NS5 gene generated a collection of attenuating mutations for potential use in a recombinant live attenuated DEN vaccine. Codons for 80 contiguous pairs of charged amino acids in NS5 were individually mutagenized to create uncharged pairs of alanine residues, and 32 recombinant mutant viruses were recovered from the 80 full-length mutant DEN4 cDNA constructs. These mutant viruses were tested for temperature-sensitive (ts) replication in both Vero cells and HuH-7 human hepatoma cells. Of the 32 mutants, 13 were temperature sensitive (ts) in both cell lines, 11 were not ts in either cell line, and 8 exhibited a host range (tshr) phenotype. One tshr mutant was ts only in Vero cells, and seven were ts only in HuH-7 cells. Nineteen of the 32 mutants were 10-fold or more restricted in replication in the brains of suckling mice compared to that of wild-type DEN4, and three mutants were approximately 10,000-fold restricted in replication. The level of temperature sensitivity of replication in vitro did not correlate with attenuation in vivo. A virus bearing two pairs of charge-to-alanine mutations was constructed and demonstrated increased temperature sensitivity and attenuation relative to either parent virus. This large set of charge-to-alanine mutations specifying a wide range of attenuation for mouse brain should prove useful in fine-tuning recombinant live attenuated DEN vaccines.
Wiley Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dictionary (2004)

"The Wiley Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dictionary provides researchers, working engineers, students, and those in related disciplines with the definitions of all the terms and acronyms used in today's electrical and electronics literature. This comprehensive resource saves time by presenting the desired information in the place it is first looked up - and in a straightforward manner that allows this content to be more readily assimilated." "Utilizing information drawn from textbooks, handbooks, treatises, instruction manuals, theses, articles, reports, and Usenet postings, the Wiley Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dictionary is the most complete dictionary covering the entire field of electrical and electronics engineering."--BOOK JACKET.
sFlt-1, a Potential Antagonist for Exogenous VEGF (2000)

To the Editor:
In Vivo Blunt-End Cloning Through CRISPR/Cas9-Facilitated Non-Homologous End-Joining (2015)

Abstract The ability to precisely modify the genome in a site-specific manner is extremely useful. The CRISPR/Cas9 system facilitates precise modifications by generating RNA-guided double-strand breaks. We demonstrate that guide RNA pairs generate deletions that are repaired with a high level of precision by non-homologous end-joining in mammalian cells. We present a method called knock-in blunt ligation for exploiting this excision and repair to insert exogenous sequences in a homology-independent manner without loss of additional nucleotides. We successfully utilize this method in a human immortalized cell line and induced pluripotent stem cells to insert fluorescent protein cassettes into various loci, with efficiencies up to 35.8% in HEK293 cells. We also present a version of Cas9 fused to the FKBP12-L106P destabilization domain for investigating repair dynamics of Cas9-induced double-strand breaks. Our in vivo blunt-end cloning method and destabilization-domain-fused Cas9 variant increase the repertoire of precision genome engineering approaches.
Design and Implementation of a High Rate Acid Stimulation through a Subsea Intelligent Completion (2003)

Abstract The Machar field is primarily a naturally fractured chalk reservoir; with the subsea wells requiring acid stimulations in order to be economic. This paper describes the design and implementation of an acid stimulation for a new intelligent well completion. The combination of a subsea development, a high rate boat based acid stimulation and a surface operated intelligent completion provided several challenges. The stimulation challenges arose due to the long reservoir completion and the required use of flow control valves with small tubing within this section. This prevented the traditional use of ball diverters in order to effectively treat the whole reservoir interval. By using the isolation capabilities of the intelligent completion, several intervals were sequentially treated. Within each completion interval, limited entry perforating provided the method of diversion necessary to effectively treat each perforation. In order for this to be successful, the perforations had to be centralised and shot prior to running the completion. Limited entry perforating therefore required physical gun shoot tests and a pump test through the shot holes. The results and conclusions of these tests are included in this paper. The completion challenges related to the stimulation included assurance of the integrity of the sensitive downhole electronics and hydraulics required to operate the downhole valves and sensors. This assurance was vital as, for the first time with an intelligent completion, the stimulation involved pumping concentrated hydrochloric acid down the well at rates of up to 50 bpm. Implementation of the stimulation was achieved with the real time multizone downhole pressure and temperature data providing several fascinating opportunities to view downhole mechanisms. Of particular interest is the pressure transient impact of a stimulation on adjacent zones and the cooldown effect on partially trapped annuli. The analysis of this downhole data is presented.
Trellis-coded MPSK modulation for highly efficient military satellite applications (2003)

Trellis-coded multiple-phase-shift-keyed (MPSK) modulation is an effective technique for increasing the bandwidth efficiency of an existing channel while maintaining at least a moderate degree of power efficiency through coding. The authors consider the application of this technique to increase markedly the capacity of a 25-kHz military satellite channel. It is shown that with only minor modifications to the QPSK modem to incorporate 8 PSK and 16 PSK modulation and no modification to the rate-1/2 coder used to transmit 16 kb/s over this channel, transmission rates of 32 kb/s and 48 kb/s, can be supported at E/sub b//N/sub 0/ levels only moderately higher than for the lower data rate. In fact, it is demonstrated that 48 Kb/s can be transmitted within exactly the same bandwidth and at the same E/sub b//N/sub 0/ levels as that required to transmit uncoded QPSK at 32 kb/s at bit error rate of 10/sup -5/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A review of focused ion beam applications in microsystem technology (2001)

In this paper the possibilities of focused ion beam (FIB) applications in microsystem technology are reviewed. After an introduction to the technology and the operating principles of FIB, two classes of applications are described. First the subject of FIB for microsystem technology inspection, metrology and failure analysis is outlined. A procedure for cross sectioning on samples is presented, as well as some examples of how this technique can be applied to study processing results. The second part of the paper is on the use of FIB as a toot for maskless micromachining. Both subtractive (etching) and additive (deposition) techniques are discussed, as well as the combination of FIB implantation of silicon with subsequent wet etching. We will show the possibility to fabricate three-dimensional structures on a micrometre scale, and give examples of recent realizations thereof.
AZD1152, a Selective Inhibitor of Aurora B Kinase, Inhibits Human Tumor Xenograft Growth by Inducing Apoptosis (2007)

These data suggest that selective targeting of Aurora B kinase may be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of a range of malignancies. In addition to the suppression of histone H3 phosphorylation, determination of tumor cell polyploidy and apoptosis may be useful biomarkers for this class of therapeutic agent. AZD1152 is currently in phase I trials.
Production of heterologous antibodies specific for murine B-cell leukemia (BCL1) immunoglobulin by immunization with synthetic peptides homologous to heavy chain hypervariable regions. (1985)

Three peptides homologous to each heavy chain hypervariable region expressed by murine B-cell leukemia, BCL1, were synthesized in vitro by solid phase peptide synthesis. All three synthetic peptides elicited responses in rabbits which were immunized with synthetic peptide or synthetic peptide conjugated to the carrier keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Six individual rabbits were immunized, five of which responded by producing antisera which react specifically in radioimmunoassay with the synthetic peptide used as immunogen. One antiserum has specificity for the peptide homologous to the first hypervariable region, three antisera have specificity for the peptide homologous to the second hypervariable region, and one has specificity for the peptide homologous to the third hypervariable region. The five antisera with high titers of antibody recognizing synthetic peptide also specifically recognize native immunoglobulin M secreted by BCL1 tumor cells as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. These five antisera do not show reactivity with immunoglobulin secreted by spleen cells from normal BALB/cAn mice or by B-cells from unrelated tumors and cell lines. However, as determined by absorption experiments, the majority of antibodies in each antiserum are directed against the respective synthetic peptide, and only a small portion are reactive with native immunoglobulin M. Nonetheless, these results indicate use of synthetic peptides as a potential alternative source of immunogen for production of antitumor antibody.
Factors affecting hemopoietic recovery after high-dose therapy and autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation: a single center experience. (1998)

When G-CSF is employed both for PBPC mobilization and after PBPC transplantation, the CD34+ cell number is the only factor that affects hemopoietic recovery. Moreover, > 5.0 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg is the optimal number for obtaining rapid platelet recovery and reducing the costs of HDT but there is no advantage exceeding the threshold of 7.8 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg.
Reversible, p16-mediated cell cycle arrest as protection from chemotherapy. (1996)

A model system has been developed to explore the relationship between cell cycle arrest and chemotherapeutic toxicity. An isopropyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside-inducible P16 construct was introduced stably into a melanoma cell line and used to promote G0-G1 arrest in the recipient cells. The state of arrest was reversible and did not compromise cell viability over a period of at least 7 days. Isopropyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside-treated, arrested cells were significantly more resistant to the chemotherapeutic agents methotrexate (approximately 50 times), vinblastine (>100 times), and cisplatin (approximately 10 times) compared to controls. This strategy of protection from chemotherapy exploits one of the basic genotypic differences between normal cells and tumor cells: the integrity of genetic pathways that regulate growth.
Core-Expanded Naphthalene Diimides Fused with 2-(1,3-Dithiol-2-Ylidene)Malonitrile Groups for High-Performance, Ambient-Stable, Solution-Processed n-Channel Organic Thin Film Transistors (2010)

A new class of n-type semiconductors for organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), based on core-expanded naphthalene diimides fused with 2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)malonitrile groups, is reported. The first two representatives of these species, derived from long branched N-alkyl chains, have been successfully used as active layers for high-performance, ambient-stable, solution-processed n-channel OTFTs. Their bottom-gate top-contact devices fabricated by spin-coating methods exhibit high electron mobilities of up to 0.51 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) with current on/off ratios of 10(5)-10(7), and small threshold voltages below 10 V under ambient conditions. As this class of n-type organic semiconductors has relatively low-lying LUMO levels and good film-formation ability, they also displayed good environmental stability even with prolonged exposure to ambient air. Both the device performance and the ambient stability are among the best for n-channel OTFTs reported to date.
Sperm Binding to Epithelial Oviduct Explants in Bulls with Different Nonreturn Rates Investigated with a New In Vitro Model1 (2002)

A new in vitro method was developed for analyzing the capacity of sperm to bind to oviductal epithelium to determine whether this binding capacity could be used to predict nonreturn rates (NRR). Sperm binding was evaluated by counting 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide (JC-1)-labeled spermatozoa attached to oviductal epithelium and by measuring the surface area of the oviduct explants by means of an image analysis program. Hepes + Tyrode albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) was a more useful medium than in vitro fertilization (IVF)-TALP, TCM-199 medium + 10% fetal calf serum, and TCM-199 medium alone for the investigation of sperm binding to oviductal explants. Oviduct explants with a surface area of < 20 000 micro m(2) provided more consistent results than did explants with a surface area of >100 000 micro m(2). A positive association was found between the log(e) transformed number of spermatozoa bound to 0.1 mm(2) oviductal epithelium and the NRR of the respective sires after 24 h of coincubation, provided that the membrane integrity of the sperm sample was >60%. Determination of the capacity of sperm to bind to oviductal explants could become a reliable in vitro method for predicting the NRR of a given sire.
Diversity management for business success (2005)

Extracted from text ... M 
Diversity management 
for business success 
42 Management Today September 2005 
Dr Linda Human is a consultant to many South African and overseas companies and 
an expert on diversity. She held various positions in a number of business schools in 
South Africa and is the author and co-author of several books on the subject as well as 
BEE and affirmative action. This article was taken from her latest book, Diversity 
Management: for Business Success, and is published with permission. She may be 
reached at humans@mweb.co.za. 
Many organisations have recently begun 
to count the cost of managing diversity 
poorly as ..
300 mm InGaAsOI substrate fabrication using the Smart Cut<sup>TM</sup> technology (2015)

In this work we demonstrate for the first time 300 mm InGaAs on Insulator (InGaAs-OI) substrates. A 30 nm thick InGaAs layer was successfully transferred using low temperature Direct Wafer Bonding (DWB) and the Smart Cut <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> technology. The epitaxial growing process has been optimized to reduce the surface roughness of the InGaAs film at around 1.5 nm RMS. HR-XRD characterization on the transferred InGaAs layer indicates that the layer remains crystalline.