gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Halichondrins and E7389 (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTThe Halichondrins and E7389Katrina L. Jackson, James A. Henderson, and Andrew J. Phillips*View Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215* E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 7, 3044–3079Publication Date (Web):June 17, 2009Publication History Received15 January 2009Published online17 June 2009Published inissue 8 July 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr900016whttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900016wreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5973Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aldehydes,Ethers,Organic compounds,Oxidation Get e-Alerts
Implanted Auriculotemporal Nerve Stimulator for the Treatment of Refractory Chronic Migraine (2010)

Auriculotemporal nerve stimulation may be useful tool in the treatment of refractory pain in the temporal distribution due to chronic migraine.
Human lymphocyte subpopulations identified by using three-color immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis: correlation of Leu-2, Leu-3, Leu-7, Leu-8, and Leu-11 cell surface antigen expression. (1984)

Three-color immunofluorescence has been used to determine the co-expression of cell surface antigens on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Monoclonal antibodies or avidin were coupled to either FITC (green), phycoerythrin (orange), or Texas Red (red) fluorochromes. These three fluorochromes could be independently measured by using a dual laser FACS IV system equipped with an argon ion laser (488 nm) and a dye laser (600 nm). Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with the following combinations of reagents: (1) FITC anti-Leu-11a + PE anti-Leu-2a + TR avidin/biotin anti-Leu-7; (2) FITC anti-Leu-11a + PE anti-Leu-3a + TR avidin/biotin anti-Leu-7; (3) FITC anti-Leu-8 + PE anti-Leu-2a + TR avidin/biotin anti-Leu-7; and (4) FITC anti-Leu-11a + PE anti-Leu-2 + TR avidin/biotin anti-Leu-8. The light scatter, green fluorescence, orange fluorescence, and red fluorescence signals for each sample were stored by a Consort 40 PDP/11 computer in list mode files. Sequential reanalysis of the data directly demonstrated the existence of several unrecognized subpopulations of lymphocytes. Previously, we reported that the anti-Leu-7 and anti-Leu-11 antibodies can be used to identify discrete subsets of human NK cells with distinct functional capacities. In this report, we show that these subsets can be further subdivided on the basis of Leu-8 and Leu-2 expression. Thus, these studies illustrate how multicolor and multiparameter flow cytometry can further our understanding of cellular heterogeneity within this group of lymphocytes.
Anticoccidial activity of 1-phenyluracils (1983)

The minimum effective concentration (MEC) of 6-azauracil against Eimeria tenella when incorporated in feed is about 1000 ppm. Attachment of suitably substituted phenyl side chains at the 1-position reduces the MEC to less than 1 ppm. Uracil itself is devoid of anticoccidial activity, but side chains attached at the 1-position potentiate uracil and result in activity against E. tenella. Although effective at levels as low as 60 ppm, the 1-phenyluracils are less active than the corresponding 1-phenyl-6-azauracils. They also are less acidic.
A ubiquitous repressor interacting with an F9 cell-specific silencer and its functional suppression by differentiated cell-specific positive factors. (1990)

A mutant of polyomavirus, F9-5000, capable of growing in F9 cell [M. Vasseur et al., J. Virol., 43: 800-808, 1982 (1)], has a deletion in the enhancer from nucleotide 5119 to nucleotide 5142. The oligonucleotide corresponding to the deleted region (delta F9-5000 element) showed silencer activity on gene expression in F9 cells. Mobility shift assay revealed a nuclear factor, PEBP4, in F9 nuclear extract which bound to the delta F9-5000 element. Mutations introduced into the PEBP4 binding site specifically abolished its binding as well as the inhibitory effect on gene expression. After F9 cells were induced to differentiate, two more factors, PEBP2 and PEBP1, a member of AP1 family, became detectable in addition to PEBP4, and at the same time the delta F9-5000 element lost silencer activity and acquired an enhancer activity. The recognition sequence of PEBP2 as well as that of PEBP1 overlapped with that of a repressor, PEBP4. PEBP4 and PEBP3, a factor related to PEBP2, were shown to compete for binding to delta F9-5000. Interplay of a ubiquitous negative factor and differentiation-induced positive factors may represent one aspect of the gene regulation during embryonic development.
Haptoglobin Preserves Vascular Nitric Oxide Signaling during Hemolysis (2015)

Sequential compartmentalization of Hb by erythrocytes and scavenger protein complexes is an archetypical mechanism, which may have supported coevolution of hemolysis and normal vascular function. Therapeutic supplementation of Hb scavengers may restore vascular NO signaling and attenuate disease complications in patients with hemolysis.
Photodynamic diagnosis of breast tumours after oral application of aminolevulinic acid (2001)

Photodynamic diagnosis is of increasing interest for diagnosis in oncology. It is based on a more intense incorporation of a fluorescent dye in tumours compared to normal tissue. As a feasibility study we investigated the effectiveness of oral application of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodynamic diagnosis of human primary mammary tumours. The study included 16 patients with palpable breast tumours. Aminolevulinic acid was administered at a concentration of 40 mg kg(-1)bodyweight 150-420 min prior to tumourectomy. Intraoperatively blue light (405 nm) was applied to the operation site. Sections of the excised tumour and some lymph nodes were prepared and analysed with a fluorescent microscope. All primary mammary tumour tissues showed significantly higher fluorescence intensity than surrounding normal mammary tissue. Fluorescence of the mammary tumours could also be discriminated macroscopically and intraoperatively. Fluorescence intensity in nonmetastatic lymph node tissue was higher in 2 out of 3 patients than in primary tumour tissue. By photodynamic diagnosis using aminolevulinic acid we were able to reliably distinguish primary mammary tumours from normal mammary tissue microscopically and macroscopically in all our patients. We suggest that photodynamic diagnosis with aminolevulinic acid for breast tumours should be further investigated and developed for intraoperative use and may well be a simple tool for better intraoperative diagnosis and recognition of tumour margins. We hypothesize that lymph node metastasis of breast tumours will not be detectable by this method.
Differential Targeting of the CA1 Subfield of the Hippocampal Formation by Schizophrenia and Related Psychotic Disorders (2009)

Taken as a whole, the results suggest that the CA1 subfield of the hippocampal subregion is differentially targeted by schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Interpreted in the context of previous studies, these findings inform underlying mechanisms of illness progression.
A SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC IN VITRO BIOASSAY METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE ACTIVITY (1979)

An in vitro bioassay method for hFSH is presented. The method is based on the principles previously described by Dorrington et al. (1976b) and involves the assay of oestradiol produced from 19-hydroxyandrostenedione by dispersed Sertoli cells of 10-day old rats when cultured in the presence of graded doses of FSH. Using the 1st International Reference Preparation for human pituitary gonadotrophins (FSH and LH/ICSH) for bioassay (code no. 69/104) as standard, the useful range of the method is from 0.5 to 32 mIU/chamber (2 to 128 mIU/ml). The sensitivity of the method is 0.5 mIU/chamger. The mean index of precision (lambda) obtained from 16 multiple assays over 2 or 3 dose levels was 0.084. Parallelism was obtained between the 69/104 preparation and all preparations under study. The practicability of the proposed assay method is such that 15 preparations at 3 dose levels can be assayed by one person in 3 days. The specificity of the assay was investigated by determining the FSH activity in the following preparations: hFSH alpha- and beta-subunits, hLH, hCG, hTSH, ACTH, human growth hormone (hGH) human prolactin (hPRL) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). The ACTH, hGH, hPRL and LH-RH preparations studied showed no detectable FSH activity in the assay. In the remaining preparations very low levels of FSH activity were found, corresponding to 0.004 to 0.6% of the weight of these preparations when compared with a highly purified hFSH preparation, suggesting that the method is specific for FSH. The possible synergistic or antagonistic influence of the above preparations when assayed in the presence of the 69/104 preparation was also assessed. No evidence of a synergistic or antogonistic effect was found. The assay of the hFSH potencies of a limited number of hFSH preparations of varying purity by the proposed in vitro bioassay, an hFSH radioreceptor method and an hFSH specific radioimmunoassay technique revealed that - although the relationship of the various potencies obtained with each method showed a close agreement - the bioassays yielded the highest potency estimates, and the radioimmunoassays the lowest ones. Since the proposed bioassay method is sensitive and considered to be specific for hFSH activity, it provides a suitable basis for the assessment of the specificity of other in vitro methods (radioreceptor and radioimmunoassay) currently used for detecting low levels of FSH activity.
Below‐ground herbivory promotes soil nutrient transfer and root growth in grassland (1999)

Extremely little is known about the ecosystem‐level implications of below‐ground herbivory, which often represents the dominant form of consumption of primary productivity. We provide the first empirical evidence that low levels of below‐ground herbivory may promote soil nutrient flux and root growth of both host plants and companion plants. Low levels of white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) root infection by clover cyst nematodes ( Heterodera trifolii Goffart) increased root growth by 141% and 219% in the host plant and the uninfected neighbouring grass ( Lolium perenne L.), respectively. Root infection increased the size of the soil microbial biomass in the root zone and the transfer of 15 N from the host plant to soil and the neighbouring grass. These data suggest that low amounts of below‐ground herbivory may increase the transfer of plant carbon and nitrogen below‐ground, leading to increases in root growth and soil nutrient recycling in grasslands. Presumably, such interactions will influence the competitive interactions between plant species, altering plant community structure in grasslands.
Definition of the Complete Schistosoma mansoni Hemoglobinase mRNA Sequence and Gene Expression in Developing Parasites (1990)

Schistosoma mansoni uses a variety of proteases termed hemoglobinases to obtain nutrition from host globin. Previous reports have characterized cDNAs encoding 1 of these enzymes. However, these sequences did not define the primary structures of the mRNA and protein. The complete sequence of the 1390 base mRNA has now been determined. It encodes a 50 kDa primary translation product. In vitro translations coupled with immunoprecipitations and Western blots of parasite lysates allowed visualization of the 50 kDa form. Production of the 31 kDa mature hemoglobinase from the 50 kDa species involves removal of both NH2 and COOH terminal residues from the primary translation product. Expression of hemoglobinase mRNA and protein was examined during larval parasite development. Low levels were observed in young schistosomula. After 6-9 days in culture, high hemoglobinase levels were seen which correlated with the onset of red blood cell feeding. Immunoelectron microscopy was employed to examine hemoglobinase location and function. In adult worms the enzyme was associated with the gut lumen and gut epithelium. In cercariae, the protease was observed in the head gland, suggesting new roles for the protease.
Myopericarditis Following Smallpox Vaccination Among Vaccinia-Naive US Military Personnel (2003)

Among US military personnel vaccinated against smallpox, myopericarditis occurred at a rate of 1 per 12 819 primary vaccinees. Myopericarditis should be considered an expected adverse event associated with smallpox vaccination. Clinicians should consider myopericarditis in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with chest pain 4 to 30 days following smallpox vaccination and be aware of the implications as well as the need to report this potential adverse advent.
La Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas, un siglo después (2007)

espanolEn este articulo se repasa brevemente la historia de la Junta para Ampliacion de Estudios e Investigaciones Cientificas, fundada hace ahora un siglo, mencionando los centros que creo, los principales investigadores que trabajaron en ella, al igual que la politica de becas que desarrollo y los problemas de indole politica con los que tuvo que enfrentarse. EnglishIn this paper the history of the Board for the Extension of Studies and Scientific Researches, created one hundred years ago, is briefly studied, mentioning the centres it created, the main researchers that worked there, as well as the grants politic that it carried out, and the problem of political nature that it had to confront.
Anti‐inflammatory cytokines in asthma and allergy: interleukin‐10, interleukin‐12, interferon‐γ (2001)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine derived from CD4+ T-helper type 2 (T(H2)) cells identified as a suppressor of cytokines from T-helper type 1(T(H1)) cells. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is produced by B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, and primarily regulates T(H1) cell differentiation, while suppressing the expansion of T(H2) cell clones. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a product of T(H1) cells and exerts inhibitory effects on T(H2) cell differentiation. These cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergies. In this context, IL-12 and IFN-gamma production in asthma have been found to be decreased, and this may reduce their capacity to inhibit IgE synthesis and allergic inflammation. IL-10 is a potent inhibitor of monocyte/macrophage function, suppressing the production of many pro-inflammatory cytokines. A relative underproduction of IL-10 from alveolar macrophages of atopic asthmatics has been reported. Therapeutic modulation of T(H1)/T(H2) imbalance in asthma and allergy by mycobacterial vaccine, specific immunotherapy and cytoline-guanosine dinucleotide motif may lead to increases in IL-12 and IFN-gamma production. Stimulation of IL-10 production by antigen-specific T-cells during immunotherapy may lead to anergy through inhibition of CD28-costimulatory molecule signalling by IL-10s anti-inflammatory effect on basophils, mast cells and eosinophils.
Protein Interactions with Poly(ethylene glycol) Self-Assembled Monolayers on Glass Substrates:  Diffusion and Adsorption (1999)

Hydrophilic polymer chains, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), are attached to glass surfaces by silylation of the silanol groups on glass surfaces with (ω-methoxy-terminated PEG)trimethoxysilanes. We consider these tethered polymer chains to resemble self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of PEG since the grafting process is entirely spontaneous. They are shown to exhibit excellent biocompatibility and represent a model system for studying the interactions of proteins with polymer surfaces. The PEG SAMs are prepared with two different molecular weight polymers (MW = 750 and 5000) and characterized with the techniques of angular-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. For the low molecular weight sample, the polymer chains tend to extend, forming a brush-like monolayer, whereas for the large molecular weight sample, the longer polymer chains tend to interpenetrate each other, forming a mushroom-like PEG monolayer on the surface. Interactions between a plasma protein, bovine serum albumin, and the PEG SAMs are investigated in terms of protein adsorption and diffusion on the surfaces by the technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. The diffusion and aggregation behaviors of the protein on the two monolayers are found to be quite different despite the similarities in adsorption and desorption behaviors. The results are analyzed with a hypothesis of the hydrated surface dynamics.
Ellagic Acid Metabolism by Human Gut Microbiota: Consistent Observation of Three Urolithin Phenotypes in Intervention Trials, Independent of Food Source, Age, and Health Status (2014)

Three phenotypes for urolithin production after ellagitannin and ellagic acid intake are consistently observed in different human intervention trials. Subjects can be stratified into three urolithin-producing groups. "Phenotype A" produced only urolithin A conjugates, which included between 25 and 80% of the volunteers in the different trials. "Phenotype B" produced isourolithin A and/or urolithin B in addition to urolithin A, this being the second relevant group (10-50%). "Phenotype 0" (5-25%) was that in which these urolithins were not detected. The three phenotypes were observed independently of the volunteers' health status and demographic characteristics (age, gender, body mass index (BMI)) and of the amount or type of ellagitannin food source ingested (walnuts and other nuts, strawberries, raspberries, and other berries or pomegranates). Interestingly, a higher percentage of phenotype B was observed in those volunteers with chronic illness (metabolic syndrome or colorectal cancer) associated with gut microbial imbalance (dysbiosis). These urolithin phenotypes could show differences in the human gut microbiota and should be considered in intervention trials dealing with health benefits of ellagitannins or ellagic acid. Whether this phenotypic variation could be a biomarker related to differential health benefits or illness predisposition deserves further research.
Design Rules for Donors in Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells—Towards 10 % Energy‐Conversion Efficiency (2006)

For bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic cells fabricated from conjugated polymers and a fullerene derivative, the relation between the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and the oxidation potential for different conjugated polymers is studied. A linear relation between Voc and the oxidation potential is found (see figure). Based on this relation, the energy-conversion efficiency of a bulk-heterojunction solar cell is derived as a function of the bandgap and the energy levels of the conjugated polymer.
Use of Intranasal IL-12 to Target Predominantly Th1 Responses to Nasal and Th2 Responses to Oral Vaccines Given with Cholera Toxin (1999)

We have investigated the effects of IL-12 and cholera toxin (CT) on the immune response to tetanus toxoid (TT) given by intranasal or oral routes. CT inhibited IL-12-induced IFN-gamma secretion both in vivo and in vitro. Intranasal administration of IL-12 to mice nasally immunized with the combined vaccine of TT and CT resulted in increased TT-specific IgG2a and IgG3 Abs, while IgG1 and IgE Ab responses were markedly reduced. This shift of the CT-induced immune response toward Th1 type was associated with TT-specific CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma and reduced levels of Th2-type cytokines (i.e., IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10). In contrast, intranasal IL-12 enhanced the CT-induced serum IgG1 and IgE Ab responses in mice given the combined vaccine orally. IFN-gamma secretion by TT-specific CD4+ T cells was also enhanced; however, Th2-type cytokine responses were predominant. Mucosal secretory IgA responses to oral or nasal vaccines were not affected by intranasal IL-12. Thus, intranasal IL-12 delivery influences Th cell subset development in mucosal inductive sites that are dependent on the route of vaccine delivery.
Normal Immune Function and Inability to Isolate Virus in Culture in an Individual with Long-Term Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection* (1994)

A detailed, longitudinal study was undertaken to investigate the immunological and virological features of an individual with hemophilia infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) for 10 years without disease. Methods applied to serial samples of peripheral blood included Western blot analysis, neutralizing antibody assays, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) titration, HIV-1 specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assays, viral cultures, and PCR with sequence analysis of viral regulatory genes. Strong antibody responses against HIV-1 antigens as measured by Western blot and ADCC assays have persisted throughout infection. Repeated attempts to isolate HIV-1 using sensitive culture techniques and to demonstrate viremia with standard PCR methods have failed. Using the "booster" PCR technique, a period of viremia in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was demonstrated. Concurrent with detection of circulating virus, titers of neutralizing antibodies and circulating HIV-1-specific CTLs became measurable. Sequencing studies of a portion of the viral genome showed no significant abnormalities of the regulatory genes. In this individual, the combination of low viral load in the peripheral blood and a strong, responsive immune system is associated with long-term, disease-free coexistence with HIV-1 infection.