gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IMMUNOGENETIC AND CELLULAR IMMUNE MECHANISMS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: RELEVANCE TO NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES (1990)

Journal Article IMMUNOGENETIC AND CELLULAR IMMUNE MECHANISMS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: RELEVANCE TO NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES Get access GABRIELLE KINGSLEY, GABRIELLE KINGSLEY Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, UMDSGuy's Campus, London SEI 9RT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. PITZALIS, C. PITZALIS Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, UMDSGuy's Campus, London SEI 9RT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. S. PANAYI G. S. PANAYI Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, UMDSGuy's Campus, London SEI 9RT Correspondence to Prof.G.Panayi. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rheumatology, Volume 29, Issue 1, February 1990, Pages 58–64, https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/29.1.58 Published: 01 February 1990
An ultra-wearable, wireless, low power ECG monitoring system (2006)

Wearable electrocardiograph (ECG) monitoring systems today use electrodes that require skin preparation in advance, and require pastes or gels to make electrical contact to the skin. Moreover, they are not suitable for subjects at high levels of activity due to high noise spikes that can appear in the data. To address these problems, a new class of miniature, ultra low noise, capacitive sensor that does not require direct contact to the skin, and has comparable performance to gold standard ECG electrodes, has been developed. This paper presents a description and evaluation of a wireless version of a system based on these innovative ECG sensors. We use a wearable and ultra low power wireless sensor node called Eco. Experimental results show that the wireless interface will add minimal size and weight to the system while providing reliable, untethered operation.
Automatic Content-Aware Color and Tone Stylization (2016)

We introduce a new technique that automatically generates diverse, visually compelling stylizations for a photograph in an unsupervised manner. We achieve this by learning style ranking for a given input using a large photo collection and selecting a diverse subset of matching styles for final style transfer. We also propose an improved technique that transfers the global color and tone of the chosen exemplars to the input photograph while avoiding the common visual artifacts produced by the existing style transfer methods. Together, our style selection and transfer techniques produce compelling, artifact-free results on a wide range of input photographs, and a user study shows that our results are preferred over other techniques.
Review of Prasugrel for the Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombosis (2009)

Available data suggest that prasugrel offers potential as an alternative to clopidogrel with greater efficacy but with increased bleeding risk in patients with ACS who receive PCI. Data are not yet available to define the efficacy and risk-benefit profile of prasugrel in patients not undergoing PCI.
Targeted engagement of CTLA-4 prevents autoimmune thyroiditis (2003)

The CTLA-4-mediated signal is a critical step in the down-modulation of immune responses. The therapeutic potential of this signal to induce tissue-specific tolerance was investigated by using an anti-CTLA-4 antibody that was coupled to an antibody specific for the thyrotropin receptor. After in vivo administration, this bispecific antibody (BiAb) accumulated in the thyroid and prevented development of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in mice immunized with mouse thyroglobulin (mTg). Lymphocytes from BiAb-treated mice showed a significant reduction in their ability to proliferate, and to produce IL-2, IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, in response to mTg re-stimulation compared to lymphocytes from untreated mice. Moreover, BiAb-treated mice showed suppressed anti-mTg antibody response, lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid and follicular destruction. The BiAb targeted to the thyroid most likely facilitated engagement of CTLA-4, resulting in an increase in the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. These regulatory T cells suppressed in vitro mTg-specific T cell responses, which were associated with an enhanced transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 production. Neutralization of TGF-beta1 increased mTg-specific in vitro proliferation of, and IL-2 production by, T cells from BiAb-treated mice. Our data suggest that engagement of CTLA-4 expressed on activated autoreactive T cells in close proximity to the thyroid can increase the number of regulatory T cells and their ability to produce TGF-beta1, with a concomitant reduction in IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, resulting in suppression of EAT.
The inner of the two Muc2 mucin-dependent mucus layers in colon is devoid of bacteria (2008)

We normally live in symbiosis with approximately 10(13) bacteria present in the colon. Among the several mechanisms maintaining the bacteria/host balance, there is limited understanding of the structure, function, and properties of intestinal mucus. We now demonstrate that the mouse colonic mucus consists of two layers extending 150 mum above the epithelial cells. Proteomics revealed that both of these layers have similar protein composition, with the large gel-forming mucin Muc2 as the major structural component. The inner layer is densely packed, firmly attached to the epithelium, and devoid of bacteria. In contrast, the outer layer is movable, has an expanded volume due to proteolytic cleavages of the Muc2 mucin, and is colonized by bacteria. Muc2(-/-) mice have bacteria in direct contact with the epithelial cells and far down in the crypts, explaining the inflammation and cancer development observed in these animals. These findings show that the Muc2 mucin can build a mucus barrier that separates bacteria from the colon epithelia and suggest that defects in this mucus can cause colon inflammation.
Rapid Detection of Cross-Linked Fibrin Degradation Products in Plasma Using Monoclonal Antibody-Coated Latex Particles (1986)

Conformational and structural changes on conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and its cross-linking by Factor XIIIa lead to the development of new antigenic determinants that permit differentiation between their plasminolytic cleavage products. A monoclonal antibody (DD-3B6/22) that is specific for cross-linked fibrin derivatives containing the D dimer configuration has been used in developing a latex agglutination procedure that can detect fibrin degradation products in either plasma or serum. Fibrinogen or its degradation products do not cross-react with this antibody. Results were calibrated with an enzyme immunoassay, which used a purified D dimer standard. Plasmas from 40 normal subjects, all having D dimer levels below 250 ng/mL measured by enzyme immunoassay, were all negative by latex assay. In contrast, positive latex agglutination titers were obtained with 87 of 88 patients with demonstrated deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or disseminated intravascular coagulation. Compared to enzyme immunoassay, latex agglutination assay is less sensitive, but this latex procedure provides a rapid and less elaborate test for elevated levels of cross-linked fibrin degradation products in patients with thrombosis. Plasma assays for fibrin degradation products are preferable to those using serum.
PCA3 Molecular Urine Assay Correlates With Prostate Cancer Tumor Volume: Implication in Selecting Candidates for Active Surveillance (2008)

The PCA3 score appears to stratify men based on prostatectomy tumor volume and Gleason score, and may have clinical applicability in selecting men who have low volume/low grade cancer.
Low Environmental pH Is Responsible for the Induction of Nitric-oxide Synthase in Macrophages (1998)

Stimulation of macrophages with endotoxin and/or cytokines is responsible for the expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Because macrophages are exposed to low pH within the microenvironment of inflammatory lesions, the potential role of acidic pH as an additional regulator of iNOS was investigated. Substitution of the culture medium of rat peritoneal macrophages at pH 7.4 with medium at pH 7.0 up-regulated iNOS activity, as reflected by a 2.5-fold increase in nitrite accumulation. The increase in iNOS activity was associated with a similar increase in iNOS mRNA expression that reflected an increase in iNOS mRNA synthesis rather than stability. Low environmental pH-induced iNOS gene transcription involved the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor since exposure of macrophages to low environmental pH both increased NF-kappaB binding activity in the nucleus and enhanced NF-kappaB-driven reporter gene expression. In addition, treatment of macrophages with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or n-acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal, two drugs preventing NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus, canceled low pH-induced nitrite accumulation. The overall mechanism required the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). Indeed, 1) elevated TNFalpha bioactivity was observed in the medium of macrophages exposed to pH 7.0, and 2) incubation of macrophages with a neutralizing anti-TNFalpha antibody impaired both NF-kappaB activation and nitrite accumulation in response to acid challenge. In summary, exposure of macrophages to acidic microenvironment in inflammatory lesions leads to the up-regulation of iNOS activity through the activation of NF-kappaB.
Heparanase is required for activation and function of macrophages (2016)

The emerging role of heparanase in tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance is well recognized and is encouraging the development of heparanase inhibitors as anticancer drugs. Unlike the function of heparanase in cancer cells, very little attention has been given to heparanase contributed by cells composing the tumor microenvironment. Here we used a genetic approach and examined the behavior and function of macrophages isolated from wild-type (WT) and heparanase-knockout (Hpa-KO) mice. Hpa-KO macrophages express lower levels of cytokines (e.g., TNFα, IL1-β) and exhibit lower motility and phagocytic capacities. Intriguingly, inoculation of control monocytes together with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells into Hpa-KO mice resulted in nearly complete inhibition of tumor growth. In striking contrast, inoculating LLC cells together with monocytes isolated from Hpa-KO mice did not affect tumor growth, indicating that heparanase is critically required for activation and function of macrophages. Mechanistically, we describe a linear cascade by which heparanase activates Erk, p38, and JNK signaling in macrophages, leading to increased c-Fos levels and induction of cytokine expression in a manner that apparently does not require heparanase enzymatic activity. These results identify heparanase as a key mediator of macrophage activation and function in tumorigenesis and cross-talk with the tumor microenvironment.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection (2014)

FMT seems efficacious and safe for the treatment of recurrent CDI. Hospitals should encourage the development of fecal transplantation programs to improve therapy of local patients.
Src Activation Plays an Important Key Role in Lymphomagenesis Induced by FGFR1 Fusion Kinases (2011)

Chromosomal translocations and activation of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 1 (FGFR1) are a feature of stem cell leukemia-lymphoma syndrome (SCLL), an aggressive malignancy characterized by rapid transformation to acute myeloid leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma. It has been suggested that FGFR1 proteins lose their ability to recruit Src kinase, an important mediator of FGFR1 signaling, as a result of the translocations that delete the extended FGFR substrate-2 (FRS2) interacting domain that Src binds. In this study, we report evidence that refutes this hypothesis and reinforces the notion that Src is a critical mediator of signaling from the FGFR1 chimeric fusion genes generated by translocation in SCLL. Src was constitutively active in BaF3 cells expressing exogenous FGFR1 chimeric kinases cultured in vitro as well as in T-cell or B-cell lymphomas they induced in vivo. Residual components of the FRS2-binding site retained in chimeric kinases that were generated by translocation were sufficient to interact with FRS2 and activate Src. The Src kinase inhibitor dasatinib killed transformed BaF3 cells and other established murine leukemia cell lines expressing chimeric FGFR1 kinases, significantly extending the survival of mice with SCLL syndrome. Our results indicated that Src kinase is pathogenically activated in lymphomagenesis induced by FGFR1 fusion genes, implying that Src kinase inhibitors may offer a useful option to treatment of FGFR1-associated myeloproliferative/lymphoma disorders.
Negative differential resistance in dislocation-free GaN∕AlGaN double-barrier diodes grown on bulk GaN (2006)

Double-barrier GaN resonant tunneling diodes with AlGaN barriers were fabricated on bulk (0001) single-crystal GaN substrates. Layers were grown using molecular-beam epitaxy with a rf plasma nitrogen source. Single diodes of 6μm diameter were prepared by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching. For many diodes clear negative differential resistance is observed around 2V with peak currents around 10kA∕cm2 and a peak-to-valley ratio of about 2 at room temperature. Its observation does not depend on specific conditions of measurement; however, it slowly decays after each measurement. The mechanism behind this decay is investigated since it is obviously prohibiting the usage of GaN resonant tunneling diodes so far. It is shown not to be caused by catastrophic breakdown of the devices.
Localizing the site of magnetic brain stimulation in humans (1990)

Magnetic stimulation of the human brain is performed in clinical and research settings, but the site of activation has not been clearly localized in humans or other species. We used a set of magnetic stimulus coils with different field profiles to isolate movement of single digits at motor threshold and to calculate corresponding electric field strengths at various distances beneath the scalp. Two coils could produce the same electric field intensity at only 1 point. Thus, we could estimate the depth of stimulation by finding the intersection of the electric field plots, which were then superimposed on MRIs of the underlying brain. In each of 3 subjects the field plots intersected at the crown of a gyrus, in the region of the central sulcus, an near the level of the gray-white junction. This position and the electric field orientation support localization to layer VI of cerebral cortex.
Interaction Between Man and Shoe in Running: Considerations for a More Comprehensive Measurement Approach (1987)

Man-shoe-surface interaction in running is a complex phenomenon, and its investigation gives specific requirements for the measuring system. This study was designed to make an effort to develop a methodology for measuring the interaction between the first two components (man and shoe) under normal heel running conditions both on the force plate and on an asphalt road. The force plate system consisted of a series of 1.5-m long plates with a total length of 12 m. This allowed recordings of several natural ground contact phases in one run. By repeating the runs several times at constant velocity (3 m X s-1 and 5 m X s-1), altogether 10-30 Fz and Fx force curves could be obtained for further computerized averaging. The running shoes were equipped with special heel and toe contact sensors, which were used for recordings of even more cycles at constant velocity on the road running conditions. Telemetered EMG technique was employed to examine the response of the selected lower extremity muscles on the varying shoe and running velocity conditions. The results indicated preliminarily that the changes in ground reaction forces were more velocity than shoe (hard/soft) dependent and that EMG activation patterns were muscle specific with regard to preinnervation and impact and push-off phases for the gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and tibialis anterior muscles. Although the actual measurements were not yet designed for comprehensive recording of each parameter, the results obtained suggest that the major leg extensor muscles change their activation patterns with the varying impact load conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The heteroepitaxial ridge-overgrown distributed feedback laser (1985)

A new distributed feedback laser, the heteroepitaxial ridge-overgrown distributed feedback (HRO-DFB) laser, is proposed and demonstrated. The growth steps permit post-active-layer growth determination of the grating period, and the fabrication of this laser is simple with an automatic alignment of the current confinement to the ridge-overgrowths, which form the strip-loaded waveguide of the laser. The lateral overgrowth extending over the oxide films on both sides of the window stripe enhances the effect of grating feedback. Both LPE and MO-CVD have been employed successfully for the ridge overgrowth. The HRO-DFB laser was shown to operate in stable single-longitudinal mode with no observable mode partition events under 2 Gbit/s pseudorandom pulse modulation. The dynamic spectral width under 2 Gbit/s modulation was typically 0.5-2 Å. Other characteristics of these 1.5 μm HRO-DFB lasers include ∼8 mW/facet of single-longitudinal mode output power, and narrow beam divergence of 10° operating in the fundamental transverse mode in the junction plane. The CW thresholds were usually 50-100 mA. Transmission experiments with dispersive fibers (17 ps/km-nm) at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim1.55 \mu</tex> m at 2 Gbits/s over 82 km and at 420 Mbits/s over 203 km confirmed that the HRO-DFB laser is an excellent a single-frequency optical source for use in optical communication applications.
Growth retardation and destruction of experimental squamous cell carcinoma by interstitial radioactive wires releasing diffusing alpha‐emitting atoms (2007)

In the present study, we examined the antitumoral effects caused by the release of alpha emitting radioisotopes into solid squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tumors. Using a novel method termed DART (Diffusing Alpha-emitters Radiation Therapy), we assessed the efficacy of short-lived daughters of (224)Ra releasing alpha particles, dispersing in the malignant tissue, to cause tumor growth retardation and destruction. It was carried out using specially designed wires loaded with (224)Ra activities in the range of 7-42 kBq in a set of experiments performed on BALB/c and nude mice bearing metastatic SCC tumors derived from either mouse SQ2 or human CAL27 cell lines. The insertion of a DART wire to the center of 6-7 mm primary tumors, retarded tumor growth, reduced lung metastatic load, prolonged life expectancy and in some cases caused tumor eradication. These effects were enhanced either when treating smaller tumors or treating identical tumors with 2 DART wires. Similar experiments on human-derived SCC tumors in nude mice were consistent with the outcomes of the murine model. Histological assessments revealed the tissue damage pattern, and indicated a role for the tumor vasculature in the dispersion of the atoms and the propagation of the damage. Our findings indicate that Diffusing Alpha-emitting Radiation Therapy is effective in a model system using SCC primary tumors. The in situ destruction of primary solid tumors by DART is evidently a necessary step toward curing cancer and might be augmented by chemotherapy and other modalities such as immunotherapy or antigrowth factors agents.
Adenosine Kinase Inhibitors. 2. Synthesis, Enzyme Inhibition, and Antiseizure Activity of Diaryltubercidin Analogues (2000)

In the preceding article (Ugarkar et al. J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43) we reported that analogues of tubercidin are potent adenosine kinase (AK) inhibitors with antiseizure activity in the rat maximum electroshock (MES) model. Despite the discovery of several highly potent AK inhibitors (AKIs), e.g., 5'-amino-5'-deoxy- 5-iodotubercidin (1c) (IC50 = 0.0006 microM), no compounds were identified that exhibited a safety, efficacy, and side effect profile suitable for further development. In this article, we demonstrate that substitution of the tubercidin molecule with aromatic rings at the N4- and the C5-positions not only retains AKI potency but also improves in vivo activity. Synthesis of such compounds entailed transformation of 4-arylamino-5-iodotubercidin analogues to their corresponding 5-aryl derivatives via the Suzuki reaction. Alternatively, 4-N-arylamino-5-arylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine bases were constructed and then glycosylated with appropriately protected alpha-ribofuranosyl chlorides using a phase-transfer catalyst. Several compounds exhibited potent activity in the rat MES seizure assay with ED50s < or = 2.0 mg/kg, ip, and showed relatively mild side effects.
Iminobiotin affinity columns and their application to retrieval of streptavidin. (1980)

A method is described for the retrieval of streptavidin from the culture broth of Streptomyces avidinii. The key step in this procedure is the adsorption of streptavidin from culture concentrates to an affinity column in which iminobiotin is attached to AH-Sepharose 4B. This column binds streptavbidin at pH 11 and releases the protein at pH 4. The recovery of streptavidin is practically quantitative. The pH dependence of the iminobiotin-avidin affinity, discovered by Green [Green, N. M. (1966) Biochem. J. 101, 774-779], has thus found practical application. The streptavidin bound 4.07 +/- 0.02 mol of [14C]biotin per mol and was essentially homogeneous as judged by disc and slab gel electrophoresis. Streptavidin was extensively succinoylated without loss of biotin-binding capacity. The observations that 125I-labeled streptavidin and 125I-labeled succinoylstreptavidin are retained by iminobiotin-AH-Sepharose 4B columns at pH 7.5 and are eluted at pH 4.0 provides a convenient purification method for these iodinated proteins. The technique employed for the retrieval of streptavidin is generally applicable to the isolation of iminobiotinylated molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: Measurements of Copper in Seawater: The Use and Misuse of the Ion‐ Selective Electrode (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
범죄자 DNA정보채취에 대한 헌법적 고찰 -"DNA신원확인정보의이용및보호에관한법률"을 중심으로- (2009)

얼마 전 나영이사건(일명 조두순사건)이 소개되면서 범죄수사의 목적의 유전자 감식에 관한 입법여부에 대한 문제가 다시 대두되었다. 이러한 심각한 아동 성폭력 등 흉악범 엄벌을 위한 정부대책의 결실로서 획기적이고 실효성 있는 흉악범 근절이라는 목적을 위해 `DNA 신원확인정보의 이용 및 보호에 관한 법률`을 다시 한번 추진하여 이미 2009년 5월 27일에 입법예고하여 10월 20일 국무회의를 통과하였다. 유전자검사란 각 개인들이 가지고 있는 DNA변이체들에 대한 유전적 분석을 통하여 그 개인이 누구인지를 식별해 낼 수가 있기 때문에 개인식별 목적의 유전자 검사는 범죄현장 조사를 포함한 법의학적 검사, 친자감별조사, 그리고 개인들간의 가족관계의 확정을 위한 목적으로 다양하게 이용되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 유전자감식(채취)은 헌법 제27조의 무죄추정의 원칙에 위배되며 개인의 프라이버시권을 침해한다는 주장들도 제기되어 왔다. 유전공학의 발달로 인하여 인간 DNA 분석과 해독은 지금까지 극복하지 못했던 다양한 병들에 대한 획기적인 치료법을 제공하는 등 다양한 영역에까지 커다란 영향을 미쳐 온 것은 부인할 수 없다. 이러한 기술은 형사절차 분야에서도 적극 활용되어 효율적인 범죄인 검거에 있어서 큰 역할을 한 사례들도 적지 않다. 그러나 DNA정보와 같은 민감한 데이터가 남용될 수 있다는 점 때문에 DNA정보의 수집, 가공, 사용에 있어서 당사자의 프라이버시 침해와 신체불가침권 위반 및 무지추정의 원칙에 위배되어 침해되지 않도록 보장되어야 한다. 본 논문에서 필자는 이러한 측면에 대한 법적 평가에 초점을 맞추어 동법안을 검토하였다. DNA정보에 있어 의학적으로 유전정보와 유전자정보는 엄연히 다르기 때문에 DNA정보 중 단지 개인을 식별할 수 있는 정보만 담고 있는 유전자정보는 당사자의 사생활의 비밀인 프라이버시를 침해한다고 볼 수 없으며, 구강 속 DNA채취는 신체적 침해를 거의 야기하지 않을 뿐만 아니라 고통도 수반하지 않으므로 적어도 개인의 신체 불가침권에 대한 침해행위가 미미하거나 과도하지 않은 경우에는 법적 요건을 충족한 경우라면 채취가 허용된다고 보아야 할 것이다. 수사단계에서도 DNA감식시료 채취를 허용하는 것은 당해 범죄를 저지른 것으로 의심되는 피의자/피고인에 대한무죄 추정의 원칙을 침해하기 때문에 DNA채취 대상의 범위에 대한 명확한 법적 근거를 마련하여야 할 것이다. 향후 국회와 정보는 적극적으로 다양한 여론을 수렴하여 법안에 반영시켜서 최소한 법적한계를 준수하면서 국민의 기본권을 침해하지 않도록 법적 근거를 마련하여야 할 것이다.