gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flex-Sphere: An FPGA Configurable Sort-Free Sphere Detector For Multi-user MIMO Wireless Systems (2008)

Spatial division multiplexing (SDM) in MIMO technology significantly increases the spectral efficiency, and hence capacity, of a wireless communication system: it is a core component of the next generation wireless systems, e.g. WiMAX, 3GPP LTE and other OFDM-based communication schemes. Moreover, spatial division multiple access (SDMA) is one of the widely used techniques for sharing the wireless medium between different mobile devices. Sphere detection is a prominent method of simplifying the detection complexity in both SDM and SDMA systems while maintaining BER performance comparable with the optimum maximum-likelihood (ML) detection. There are several approaches for realizing sphere detectors, and the algorithmic landscape is rich with methods that enable the designer to make various tradeoffs between performance, e.g. throughput of the wireless channel, BER, and implementation complexity,&#13;\ne.g. silicon area for an ASIC implementation or FPGA resource envelope for an FPGA implementation. This paper describes the FPGA realization of a configurable and flexible sort-free sphere detector, Flex-Sphere, that supports 4;16;64-QAM modulations as well as a combination of 2;3 and 4 antenna/user configuration for uplink transmission. The detector provides a data rate of&#13;\nup to 849:9 Mbps. The algorithmic optimizations employed to produce an FPGA friendly realization are discussed.
Data Warehouse Architecture for DSS Applciations (1996)

A data warehouse facilitates the integration of disparate operational databases in an enterprise into a single store. The warehouse then provides knowledge workers with easy access to historical, summarized and other forms of aggregated data. A major flaw in present warehouse architectures is the de-coupling of the warehouse database from its underlying operational databases. This creates two problems: the difficulty in updating the warehouse and the inability to provide users with a drill-down feature from warehouse to current data. We propose an architecture that is based on a federated database system extended to incorporate a materialized warehouse. A federated database provides the basic mechanism to tightly couple heterogeneous databases, which in this case are the operational and warehouse databases. The warehouse database is a special component in the federation, made up of historical data, external data and materialized views of the operational data. This approach enables users to access historical and current data when required, and provides a method of maintaining the warehouse as an integrated view of the underlying operational data sources.
Bone Biomarkers as Tools in Osteoporosis Management (1997)

Biochemical tests that can index bone turnover rate in the patient are increasingly being used in the study and management of osteoporosis. Markers of bone formation and resorption are reviewed here, including their molecular basis, relative strengths and weaknesses in clinical performance, and future potential. A bone mass measurement (e.g., by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and a biochemical index of bone turnover provide different but complementary information that can aid in predicting risk of future bone loss and osteoporotic fracture. A specific and responsive bone resorption marker can also be used to monitor and establish the short-term effectiveness of an antiresorptive therapy in the patient. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (an osteoblast enzyme) and osteocalcin (a bone matrix protein) levels in serum are the best markers of bone formation. Collagen degradation products in urine, particularly cross-linked telopeptides and pyridinolines, have the highest specificity to bone resorption activity. The telopeptide markers (NTx and CTx) appear to be the most specific and responsive markers of systemic osteoclast activity.
Nogo-A Inhibits Neurite Outgrowth and Cell Spreading with Three Discrete Regions (2003)

Nogo-A is a potent neurite growth inhibitor in vitro and plays a role both in the restriction of axonal regeneration after injury and in structural plasticity in the CNS of higher vertebrates. The regions that mediate inhibition and the topology of the molecule in the plasma membrane have to be defined. Here we demonstrate the presence of three different active sites: (1) an N-terminal region involved in the inhibition of fibroblast spreading, (2) a stretch encoded by the Nogo-A-specific exon that restricts neurite outgrowth and cell spreading and induces growth cone collapse, and (3) a C-terminal region (Nogo-66) with growth cone collapsing function. We show that Nogo-A-specific active fragments bind to the cell surface of responsive cells and to rat brain cortical membranes, suggesting the existence of specific binding partners or receptors. Several antibodies against different epitopes on the Nogo-A-specific part of the protein as well as antisera against the 66 aa loop in the C-terminus stain the cell surface of living cultured oligodendrocytes. Nogo-A is also labeled by nonmembrane-permeable biotin derivatives applied to living oligodendrocyte cultures. Immunofluorescent staining of intracellular, endoplasmic reticulum-associated Nogo-A in cells after selective permeabilization of the plasma membrane reveals that the epitopes of Nogo-A, shown to be accessible at the cell surface, are exposed to the cytoplasm. This suggests that Nogo-A could have a second membrane topology. The two proposed topological variants may have different intracellular as well as extracellular functions.
A New Series of Estrogen Receptor Modulators That Display Selectivity for Estrogen Receptor β (2002)

A series of 1,3,5-triazine-based estrogen receptor (ER) modulators that are modestly selective for the ERbeta subtype are reported. Compound 1, which displayed modest potency and selectivity for ERbeta vs ERalpha, was identified via high-throughput screening utilizing an ERbeta SPA-based binding assay. Subsequent analogue preparation resulted in the identification of compounds such as 21 and 43 that display 25- to 30-fold selectivity for ERbeta with potencies in the 10-30 nM range. These compounds profile as full antagonists at ERbeta and weak partial agonists at ERalpha in a cell-based reporter gene assay. In addition, the X-ray crystal structure of compound 15 complexed with the ligand binding domain of ERbeta has been solved and was utilized in the design of more conformationally restrained analogues such as 31 in an attempt to increase selectivity for the ERbeta subtype.
Use of tetracycline as an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase activity secreted by human bone-metastasizing cancer cells. (1997)

Bone metastases are a common complication in prostate and breast cancer patients. It leads to extensive morbidity and eventually mortality. Matrix metalloproteinases are implicated in various steps of development of metastasis, through their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix. Increased matrix metalloproteinase activity of tumor cells has been associated with a higher metastatic potential. Inhibitors of metalloproteinases have been shown to effectively reduce or prevent the formation of metastases. The family of tetracyclines is able to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity through chelation of the zinc ion at the active site of the enzyme. Using tumor cell lines relevant to bone metastases, i.e. PC-3, MDA-MB-231, Hs696, B16/F1, we showed that tetracycline and derivatives of tetracycline, namely doxycycline and minocycline, also induced cytotoxicity. The effective concentrations are relatively high for plasma, but are clinically achievable in the bone, since tetracyclines are osteotropic. All four bone-metastasizing tumor cells produced and secreted various matrix metalloproteinases. Doxycycline was able to inhibit the activity of 72- and 92-kDa type IV collagenase secreted by bone-metastasizing cells by 79-87%. These characteristics could make tetracycline a unique candidate as a therapeutic agent to prevent bone metastases in cancer patients with a high likelihood for development of bone metastasis. Studies using animal models of experimental bone metastasis will be necessary to confirm this.
Growth Mechanism of TiSi Nanopins on Ti5Si3 by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (2007)

High-density single crystalline orthorhombic TiSi nanopins were successfully synthesized on Ti5Si3 by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition, using SiH4 and TiCl4 as the precursors. The growth mechanism was also investigated in detail. The results show that the maximum density of TiSi nanopins is obtained at the deposition temperature of 730 °C. TiSi nanopins grow along with [110] direction. The dimensions of quadrate tip of nanopins increase with deposition time, and the shape of the nanopin changes with the concentration of (SiH4 + TiCl4). A possible growth process is proposed which is well consistent with the experimental results.
L -Ornithine- L -aspartate lowers plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ammonia and prevents brain edema in rats with acute liver failure (1999)

Brain edema sufficient to cause intracranial hypertension and brain herniation remains a major cause of mortality in acute liver failure (ALF). Studies in experimental animal models of ALF suggest a role for ammonia in the pathogenesis of both encephalopathy and brain edema in this condition. As part of a series of studies to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of ammonia-lowering agents, groups of rats with ALF caused by hepatic devascularization were treated with L-ornithine-L-aspartate (OA), an agent shown previously to be effective in reducing blood ammonia concentrations in both experimental and human chronic liver failure. Treatment of rats in ALF with infusions of OA (0.33 g/kg/h, intravenously) resulted in normalization of plasma ammonia concentrations and in a significant delay in onset of severe encephalopathy. More importantly, brain water content was significantly reduced in OA-treated rats with ALF. These protective effects of OA were accompanied by increased plasma concentrations of several amino acids including glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine, and alanine, as well as the branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Increased availability of glutamate following OA treatment provides the substrate for the major ammonia-removal mechanism (glutamine synthetase). Plasma (but not cerebrospinal fluid) glutamine concentrations were increased 2-fold (P <.02) in OA-treated rats, consistent with increased muscle glutamine synthesis. Direct measurement of glutamine synthetase activities revealed a 2-fold increase following OA treatment. These findings demonstrate a significant ammonia-lowering effect of OA together with a protective effect on the development of encephalopathy and brain edema in this model of ALF.
Systemic and Mucosal Protective Immunity to Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (1996)

To date our studies demonstrate that PspA is a highly immunogenic molecule in mice and that it can elicit immunity to otherwise fatal infections following iv, ip, in, and it challenge. Although the molecule is serologically variable, it is sufficiently cross-reactive so that immunization with a single PspA can protect against strains of highly diverse serotypes. It is anticipated that a vaccine composed of a mixture of carefully chosen PspA molecules will be able to elicit protective immunity to virtually all pneumococci. If this vaccine proved efficacious in man, it would provide a more simple and less costly means of immunizing against pneumococcal infection than using recombinant vaccines. This could be especially important in the developing world where the cost of successful vaccines must be no more than pennies per dose. If PspA is found to be less efficacious than capsular polysaccharides, it may be valuable as a protein component of a PS-protein conjugate vaccine. In this capacity, PspA might expand the breath of protection elicited by a vaccine composed of only a few polysaccharide-protein conjugates representing capsule types most commonly associated with infectious pneumococci.
Kinetics of tryptophan oxidation in plasma lipoproteins by myeloperoxidase‐generated HOCl (2000)

The relative susceptibility of the apoprotein components of human lipoproteins [high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)] and their subclasses to oxidation by the myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl- system in vitro was studied by measuring the decrease in rate of tryptophan fluorescence. Whereas the lipoprotein-modification rate showed a saturation type of dependence on the concentration of myeloperoxidase, a biphasic dependence on the concentration of the lipoproteins was found. High concentrations of H2O2 were also found to inhibit tryptophan oxidation in LDL but to a lesser extent in HDL. The optimal rate of LDL and HDL modification was observed at pH 6.0. HDL was modified much more rapidly than LDL, which may be due to differences in size and different relative contents of protein and lipids per particle. No differences in rates of modification of LDL subclasses were observed, when the assays were standardized to equal LDL protein concentrations, but, when standardized to equal particle mass, an optimum at subclass 8 was found, which is probably due to differences in apolipoprotein B-100 conformation. It was concluded that HDL may have a beneficial effect in retarding LDL modification in inflammatory processes.
AMD3100 and CD26 Modulate Mobilization, Engraftment, and Survival of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Mediated by the SDF‐1/CXCL12‐CXCR4 Axis (2007)

The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) and its receptor, CXCR4, are involved in a number of facets of the regulation of hematopoiesis at the level of hematopoietic stem (HSCs) and progenitor (HPCs) cells. Modulation of this ligand-receptor interaction may be of clinical utility. We now report that: (1) the CC chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha/CCL3) synergizes with AMD3100 (an antagonist of the binding of SDF-1/CXCL12 to CXCR4) to rapidly mobilize HPCs to the blood of mice; moreover, the combination of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with AMD3100 and MIP-1alpha/CCL3, given in a specific sequence, mobilizes the greatest number of HPCs compared to any combination of two of these mobilizing agents; (2) pretreatment of recipient mice with Diprotin A, an inhibitor of CD26/Dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV), enhances the competitive HSCs repopulating capacity of untreated donor cells; (3) the survival-enhancing effects of SDF-1/CXCL12 on HPCs subjected in vitro to delayed addition of growth factors (GFs) are mediated in part through the cell cycle-related proteins p21(cip1/waf1) (as assessed using p21(cip1/waf1) -/- and +/+ mice) and Mad2 (using Mad2 +/- and +/+ mice); and (4) deletion of CD26/DPPIV on mouse bone marrow cells increases the survival-enhancing effects of SDF-1/CXCL12 on HPCs. These results demonstrate the means to increase the mobilization of HPCs, the engrafting capability of HSCs, and responsiveness of HPCs to the survival-enhancing activity of SDF-1/CXCL12, effects that may be of practical value.
Does pretreatment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with 5-azacytidine or double intravenous infusion improve their therapeutic potential for dilated cardiomyopathy? (2013)

BMSC transplantation is a promising strategy for the treatment of DCM. Pretreatment of BMSCs with 5-aza and DCM serum does not enhance their therapeutic efficacy, and the double intravenous BMSC infusion method is superior to single infusion for preserving cardiac contractile function in a rat model of DCM.
Performance analysis of cellular networks (1991)

Dynamic channel allocation can reduce the probability of blocking in cellular telephone networks. However, more is needed to achieve optimal performance. The author aims at estimating the minimal blocking probability for some simple cellular networks. Some dynamic channel allocation strategies are analyzed, the optimal performance (obtained by dynamic allocation and flow control) of some very simple networks is computed, and simple bounds on optimal performance are presented. These results lead to a better understanding of cellular networks and can be used to evaluate new control algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Thalidomide teratogenesis: evidence for a toxic arene oxide metabolite. (1981)

It was postulated that thalidomide causes birth defects by being metabolized to a toxic electrophilic intermediate. This hypothesis was tested by using an in vitro assay in which drug toxicity to human lymphocytes was assessed in the presence of a hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing system. Maternal hepatic microsomes from pregnant rabbits mediated the production of a metabolite that was toxic to lymphocytes. Toxicity was enhanced by inhibitors of epoxide hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3) and abolished by adding the purified enzyme to the incubation medium. The metabolite thus appears to be in arene oxide, consistent with the previously reported isolation of phenolic metabolites of thalidomide from the urine of treated animals. Two teratogenic analogs of thalidomide (phthalimidophthalimide and phthalimidinoglutarimide) were also toxic in the system; two nonteratogenic analogs (phthalimide and hexahydrothalidomide) were not toxic, even in the presence of epoxide hydrolase inhibitors. The toxic metabolite of thalidomide was not produced by rat liver microsomes (the rat is not sensitive to thalidomide teratogenesis) but was produced by hepatic preparations from maternal rabbits, and rabbit, monkey, and human (all sensitive species) fetuses. A toxic arene oxide therefore may be involved in the teratogenicity of thalidomide.
Lithographically induced self-assembly of periodic polymer micropillar arrays (1999)

We observed, and believe it to be the first time, the self-formation of periodic, supramolecular (micrometer scale) pillar arrays in a thin, single-homopolymer film melt, which was originally flat on a plate. The self-formation was induced by placing a second plate (called a mask) a distance above the polymer film. The pillars, formed by rising against the gravitational force and surface tension, bridge the two plates. The pillar height is equal to the plate-mask separation, which is two to seven times the film’s initial thickness. If the surface of the mask has a protruding pattern (e.g., a triangle or rectangle), the pillar array can be formed only under the protruding pattern with the edge of the array aligned to the boundary of the mask pattern. We also discuss a model and novel applications of lithographically induced self-assembly.
SYNTHESIS OF COELENTERAZINE (2001)

(2001). SYNTHESIS OF COELENTERAZINE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 477-485.
Rethinking the INN system for therapeutic antibodies (2016)

In the context of a possible revision of the International Nonproprietary Names (INN) system of recombinant monoclonal antibodies, which is saturated, we propose several avenues of reflection driven by the primary goal of the INN, information of health-care professionals. Clinical considerations argue for an abandon of the substems A (target category) and B (origin category), which lengthen the INN without real added-value. On the contrary, new substems or suffixes are required to alert on the absence/presence of an Fc portion and/or multispecificity, which are essential from a pharmacological point of view. Moreover, we think it necessary to explicitly mention Fc variations since they could influence the pharmacology of these biopharmaceuticals, and hence their efficacy and side-effects. Besides indicating the subclass/isotype in the documents easily accessible to health care professionals, we propose to systematically describe both the natural variations (allotypes) by using the Gm (G marker) system, and the artificial variations by using a Ge (G engineering) system that is discussed here and could apply to all IgG constant domains (tentatively called the Fy portion).
Deletion pattern in the dystrophin gene in Turks and a comparison with Europeans and Indians (2000)

Patterns of dystrophin gene deletions in DMD/BMD patients were compared in four populations: Turks (n = 146 deletions), Europeans (n = 838), North Indians (n = 89), and Indians from all over India (n = 103). Statistical tests revealed that there are differences in the proportions of small deletions. In contrast, the distribution of deletion breakpoints and the frequencies of specific deletions commonly observed in the four populations are not significantly different. The variations strongly suggest that sequence differences exist in the introns, and the differences are in agreement with genetic distances among populations. The similarities suggest that some intronic sequences have been conserved and that those will trigger recurrent deletions, since it is unlikely that gene flow would disperse the deleted chromosomes, which vanish from the gene pool in a few generations.
Penetrating keratoplasty in rabbits induces latent HSV-1 reactivation when corticosteroids are used (1989)

The increased incidence of corneal graft failure in patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis may be due in part to reactivation of latent HSV following surgical corneal trauma and postoperative corticosteroid therapy. To determine the onset, frequency, and nature of HSV recurrences following penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), 21 HSV type 1 (HSV-1) latently infected rabbits underwent unilateral autograft PKP. Opposite unoperated eyes served as HSV-1 latently infected controls. Corneal autografts were performed so that immunologic graft rejection would not be confused with recurrent HSV-1 stromal disease. After PKP, 11 of the 21 eyes were treated with dexamethasone. Ocular cultures and slit-lamp examinations were performed daily for the first postoperative 8 days and every other day thereafter for 82 days. Nine (82%) of the 11 dexamethasone-treated PKP eyes, 2 (20%) of the PKP eyes not treated with dexamethasone, and 3 (17%) of the 18 unoperated eyes had positive HSV-1 ocular cultures. Geographic ulcers appeared only in the PKP eyes treated with dexamethasone; 9 (82%) of the 11 PKP eyes treated with dexamethasone developed geographic ulcers. Between the 24th and 90th postoperative days, stromal keratitis appeared in 5 (56%) of the 9 PKP eyes treated with dexamethasone and in 2 (25%) of the 8 PKP eyes not treated with dexamethasone. Autograft PKP with postoperative corticosteroids significantly increased HSV-1 ocular shedding, epithelial ulceration, and stromal keratitis. This experimental model provides a useful tool to further investigate the development and treatment of HSV-1 epithelial and stromal recurrences after PKP.
Contrast agent enhanced breast imaging with a combined 3D dual echo Dixon and parallel imaging technique (2014)

Fat-suppressed 3D gradient echo imaging allows for fast acquisition of high-resolution T1-weighted images. When used with intravenous injection of a paramagnetic contrast agent, this technique can be used to capture contrast enhancement patterns, and thus extremely valuable for detection and characterization of lesions such as in the abdomen or breast [1]. The existing implementation of fat suppression (FS) with the chemical shift selective saturation (CHESS) or the spectral inversion at lipids (SPECIAL), however, is inherently limited by the magnetic field inhomogeneity. Further,