gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compressed Video Segmentation (1996)

Abstract : Segmentation of video into shots and scenes in the compressed domain allows rapid real-time analysis of video content using standard hardware. This paper presents robust techniques for parsing MPEG-compressed video sequences into shots based on their physical structure and further into scenes based on their semantic structure by identifying changes in content and camera motion. The analysis is performed in the compressed domain using available macroblock and motion vector information, and if necessary, discrete cosine transform (DCT) information. Motion vector analysis yields a qualitative description of the camera motion and is used to subdivide shots into subshots. Key frames for the shots and scenes can be used for browsing, indexing, and retrieval.
Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics Evaluation of a Single Oral Dose of Afoxolaner against Sarcoptesscabiei in the Porcine Scabies Model for Human Infestation (2018)

Scabies is a major and potentially growing public health problem worldwide with an unmet need for acaricidal agents with greater efficacy and improved pharmacological properties for its treatment. The objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy and describe the pharmacokinetics profile of a novel acaricide, afoxolaner (AFX), in a relevant experimental porcine model. Twelve pigs were experimentally infested and either treated with 2.5 mg/kg single dose oral AFX (<i>n</i> = 4) or 0.2 mg/kg, two doses 8 days apart, oral ivermectin ([IVM] <i>n</i> = 4) or not treated for scabies (<i>n</i> = 4). The response to treatment was assessed by the reduction of mite counts in skin scrapings as well as clinical and pruritus scores over time. Plasma and skin pharmacokinetics profiles for both AFX and IVM were evaluated. AFX efficacy was 100% at days 8 and 14 posttreatment and remained unchanged until the study end (day 45). IVM efficacy was 86% and 97% on days 8 and 14, respectively, with a few mites recovered at the study end. Clinical and pruritus scores decreased in both treated groups and remained constant in the control group. Plasma mean residence times (MRT) were 7.1 ± 2.4 and 1.1 ± 0.2 days for AFX and IVM, respectively. Skin MRT values were 16.2 ± 16.9 and 2.7 ± 0.5 days for AFX and IVM, respectively. Overall, a single oral dose of AFX was efficacious for the treatment of scabies in experimentally infested pigs and showed remarkably long MRTs in plasma and, notably, in the skin.
Finite-difference solution of the eikonal equation along expanding wavefronts (1992)

Abstract We show that a scheme to solve the 2-D eikonal equation by a finite-difference method can violate causality for moderate to large velocity contrasts (V 2 /V 1 &amp;gt; 2). As an alternative, we present a finite-difference scheme in which the solution region progresses outward from an 'expanding wavefront' rather than an 'expanding square,' and therefore honors causality. Our method appears to be stable and reasonably accurate for a variety of velocity models with moderate to large velocity contrasts. The penalty is a large increase in computational cost and programming effort.
Defining Hormone and Matrix Requirements for Differentiated Epithelia (2003)

The culture of differentiated cells requires conditions that acknowledge the complicated cell-cell interactions that both occur in vivo and are responsible for affecting and maintaining the differentiated states of cells. In brief, one must use conditions that mimic the epithelial-mesenchymal relationship that is universal and constitutes the organizational basis for all metazoan tissues. This relationship is sustained by a set of soluble signals (autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine) and by a set of insoluble signals (the extracellular matrix). Since this is a technical and methodological article, neither the scientific evidence for the importance of the epithelial-mesenchymal relationship nor the evidence forming the basis for the culture conditions will be described. Recent reviews have discussed this background in considerable detail (1-12.
Topology-varying 3D shape creation via structural blending (2014)

We introduce an algorithm for generating novel 3D models via topology-varying shape blending. Given a source and a target shape, our method blends them topologically and geometrically, producing continuous series of in-betweens as new shape creations. The blending operations are defined on a spatio-structural graph composed of medial curves and sheets. Such a shape abstraction is structure-oriented, part-aware, and facilitates topology manipulations. Fundamental topological operations including split and merge are realized by allowing one-to-many correspondences between the source and the target. Multiple blending paths are sampled and presented in an interactive, exploratory tool for creative 3D modeling. We show a variety of topology-varying 3D shapes generated via continuous structural blending between man-made shapes exhibiting complex topological differences, in real time.
The Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene Promoter Directs Pituitary-Specific Oncogene Expression in Transgenic Mice* (1999)

Our previous work has shown that 1.2 kb of the 5' flanking region of the mouse GnRH receptor (mGnRH-R) gene is sufficient to direct tissue-specific expression in vitro. In this study, we have used the cell-specific regulatory sequences of the mGnRH-R gene promoter to target the expression of the simian virus 40 virus T antigen (TAg) to the pituitary gland of transgenic mice. A hybrid transgene, GnRH-R/TAg, was prepared using the -1164/+52 region of the mGnRH-R gene and +2533/+5234 sequences encoding the large T antigen of the simian virus 40. Two founders developed tumors of apparent pituitary origin at 44 (M28, female) and 50 (M25, male) days of age. M28 and M25 mice were about 50% underweight, and their gonads were grossly underdeveloped compared with wild-type litter mates. A third male founder, M29, developed a tumor at a later time (109 days). M29 was able to breed successfully and stably transmit the GnRH-R/TAg transgene. Mice of the M29 transgene line developed tumors at 4-5 months of age. Gross examination showed that the tumors extend from the sella and infiltrate into the inferior surface of the brain. In small tumors collected from young transgenic animals, normal pituitary cells as well as transition areas of increasing cellular atypia are evident. Frankly malignant cells are seen in all tumors. The pituitary tumors express the alpha-, FSHbeta-, and LHbeta-subunits and the GnRH-R messenger RNA, all markers of a gonadotrope but not of other anterior pituitary cell lineages. In summary, our studies indicate that 1.2 kb of the 5'-flanking region of the mGnRH-R gene can be used to target expression specifically to the gonadotropes of the pituitary gland in transgenic mice. The GnRH-R gene promoter-directed expression appears to be cell-specific and results in the formation of tumors that are primarily of gonadotropic origin.
Binding and release of radiolabeled eukaryotic initiation factors 2 and 3 during 80 S initiation complex formation (1979)

The AUG-dependent formation of an 80 S ribosomal initiation complex was studied using purified rabbit reticulocyte initiation factors radiolabeled by reductive methylation. The radiolabeled initiation factors were as biologically active as untreated factors. Reaction mixtures containing a variety of components (AUG, GTP, Met-tRNAf, initiation factors, and 40 S and 60 S ribosomal subunits) were incubated at 30 degrees C and then analyzed on linear sucrose gradients for the formation of ribosomal complexes. The results show that both eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-3 and the ternary complex (eIF-2.GTP.Met-tRNAf) bind independently to the 40 S subunit and each of these components enhances the binding of the other. All of the polypeptides of eIF-2 and eIF-3 participate in this binding. Formation of an 80 S ribosomal complex requires eIF-5 and 60 S subunits in a reaction that is stimulated by eIF-4C. Both eIF-2 and eIF-3 are released from the 40 S preinitiation complex during formation of the 80 S initiation complex. Release of eIF-2 and eIF-3 does not occur and 80 S ribosomal complexes are not formed if GTP is replaced by a nonhydrolyzable analog such as guanosine 5'-O3-(1,2-mu-imido)triphosphate. Despite a variety of attempts, it has not yet been possible to demonstrate binding of eIF-4C, eIF-4D, or eIF-5 to either 40 S or 80 S ribosomal complexes.
Dual inhibition of the epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor phosphorylation for antivascular therapy of human prostate cancer in the prostate of nude mice (2005)

Blockade of EGF-R and VEGF-R signaling pathways coupled with chemotherapy suppressed the progressive growth and metastasis of human PCa cells growing orthotopically in nude mice.
Experimental Studies and Clinical Report on the Electrical Alternans of ST Segment during Myocardial Ischemia (1978)

During myocardial ischemia produced in 43 dogs by occlusion of left coronary artery, electrical alternans developed in 34 experiments. The most common was alternans of ST-T complex. Surface and intracellular electrograms were recorded simultaneously from contiguous sites in the ischemic area. The alternans of ST-T complex in the surface electrogram corresponded to that of the rate of repolarization of the membrane action potential. The development of this alternans is localized in 2 relatively small area and transient. This may be the reason why electrical alternans of ST-T is clinically rare. A clinical case showing electrocardiographic changes of electrical alternans of ST-T complex without any change in the QRS complex is reported. Myocardial infarction and hypokalemia is considered as a cause of the alternans. The present results support the hypothesis that the mechanism of electrical alternans will be an alternation of the rate and extent of the ions transported across the myocardial cell membrane.
Characterization of a small (25-kilodalton) derivative of the Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein competent for particle release (1993)

Retroviral Gag proteins have the ability to induce budding and particle release from the plasma membrane when expressed in the absence of all of the other virus-encoded components; however, the locations of the functional domains within the Gag protein that are important for this process are poorly understood. It was shown previously that the protease sequence of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag protein can be replaced with a foreign polypeptide, iso-1-cytochrome c from a yeast, without disrupting particle assembly (R. A. Weldon, Jr., C. R. Erdie, M. G. Oliver, and J. W. Wills, J. Virol. 64:4169-4179, 1990). An unexpected product of the chimeric gag gene is a small, Gag-related protein named p25C. This product was of interest because of its high efficiency of packaging into particles. The goal of the experiments described here was to determine the mechanism by which p25C is synthesized and packaged into particles. The results demonstrate that it is not the product of proteolytic processing of the Gag-cytochrome precursor but is derived from an unusual spliced mRNA. cDNA clones of the spliced mRNA were obtained, and each expressed a product of approximately 25 kDa, designated p25M1, which was released into the growth medium in membrane-enclosed particles that were much lighter than authentic retrovirions as measured in sucrose density gradients. DNA sequencing revealed that the clones encode the first 180 of the 701 amino acids of the RSV Gag protein and no residues from iso-1-cytochrome c. This suggested that a domain in the carboxy-terminal half of Gag is important for the packaging of Gag proteins into dense arrays within the particles. In support of this hypothesis, particles of the correct density were obtained when a small segment from the carboxy terminus of the RSV Gag protein (residues 417 to 584) was included on the end of p25.
Statistical improvements in functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses produced by censoring high‐motion data points (2013)

Subject motion degrades the quality of task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Here, we test two classes of methods to counteract the effects of motion in task fMRI data: (1) a variety of motion regressions and (2) motion censoring ("motion scrubbing"). In motion regression, various regressors based on realignment estimates were included as nuisance regressors in general linear model (GLM) estimation. In motion censoring, volumes in which head motion exceeded a threshold were withheld from GLM estimation. The effects of each method were explored in several task fMRI data sets and compared using indicators of data quality and signal-to-noise ratio. Motion censoring decreased variance in parameter estimates within- and across-subjects, reduced residual error in GLM estimation, and increased the magnitude of statistical effects. Motion censoring performed better than all forms of motion regression and also performed well across a variety of parameter spaces, in GLMs with assumed or unassumed response shapes. We conclude that motion censoring improves the quality of task fMRI data and can be a valuable processing step in studies involving populations with even mild amounts of head movement.
On the estimation of target spectrum for filter-array based spectrometers (2008)

Miniature spectrometers have been drawn researchers much attention due to its wide variety of possible applications. In this paper, we show the achievability of a fine spectrometer on-a-chip based on a low-performance, low-cost filter-array. A low quality filter-array is augmented with digital signal processing techniques. A series of estimators for recovering target spectrum is introduced. By exploiting non-negative nature of spectral content, a non-negative least-square algorithm is found particularly useful for spectrum recovery. The concept is verified in a hardware implementation.
Patellar Complications after Total Condylar Arthroplasty (1982)

The incidence of complications in the initial three years' experience with total knee arthroplasty and patellar replacement was 9%. Of the total knee arthroplasties perforated in the last three years, neither fracture nor subluxation of the patella has occurred. A prosthesis with right and left femoral components and slight lateral (physiologic) slanting of the patellar groove is recommended. Lateral release is done only if absolutely necessary and is performed at a considerable distance from the patella to preserve blood supply. Excess bone removal from the patella is avoided. The fat pad is preserved in all cases. Patients who have undergone a patellectomy had a definitely weak knee. Treatment by simple immobilization failed to produce an excellent functional result.
A Direct and Efficientα-Selective Glycosylation Protocol for the Kedarcidin Sugar,L-Mycarose: AgPF6 as a Remarkable Activator of 2-Deoxythioglycosides (2001)

Mit dem α-selektiven und sehr wirkungsvollen AgPF6 können die einfach herzustellenden 2-Desoxythioglycoside mit partiell geschützten allo-Zuckern wie L-Mycarose zu einer Aglycon-Einheit des Kedarcidins verknüpft werden (siehe Bild); die Methode ist auch für die Herstellung von anderen 2-Desoxyglycosiden geeignet. PMBM=p-Methoxybenzyloxymethyl, Alloc=Allyloxycarbonyl, TES=Triethylsilyl.
Norepinephine transporter inhibitors and their therapeutic potential (2004)

The norepinephrine transporter (NET) is located in the plasma membrane of noradrenergic neurons, where it functions to take up synaptically released norepinephrine (NE). The NET thus serves as the primary mechanism for the inactivation of noradrenergic signaling. Some potent and selective or mixed NET inhibitors (e.g., reboxetine and atomoxetine) have been successfully developed to treat a variety of mental disorders such as depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, to date, only a very limited number of NET-selective inhibitors are available. New potent and selective NET inhibitors may find application in the treatment of mental disorders or in PET imaging, and may enhance our basic understanding of these illnesses. In the present review, both previously reported and newly designed NET inhibitors, as well as their therapeutic and imaging potential, will be discussed. Two types of molecules, the conformationally constrained tropanes and the piperidine-based nocaine/modafinil hybrid ligands, represent new leads and provide good opportunities for discovering novel potent and selective NET inhibitors that are useful as therapies and imaging agents for the NET.
All-terrain droplet actuation (2008)

Digital microfluidics has become a popular tool for biochemical and biomedical applications. However, its current format is restricted to actuation of droplets on a single plane. Here, we introduce a new method for fluid handling on flexible devices, which we have termed all-terrain droplet actuation (ATDA). We show that ATDA can be used to manipulate droplets across a wide range of geometries, including inclined, declined, vertical, twisted, and upside-down architectures. These new geometries enable flexible, straightforward integration of distinct physicochemical environments on monolithic devices. To illustrate this capacity, we developed temperature- and oxygen-sensitive colorimetric sensors, as well as an automated method for selective enrichment of DNA from a heterogeneous mixture. We anticipate that ATDA will be a useful new tool in the growing trend toward laboratory miniaturization.
Modelling of inductively coupled discharges with internal and external coils (1992)

A one-dimensional model is developed for studying the electromagnetic properties of inductively coupled discharges with internal coils. Two different plasma boundary conditions are considered-a perfectly conducting cylinder and a freely radiating plasma-air boundary. Current and power densities, plasma impedances and radiated power are computed. Results are compared with those of previous workers for discharges with external coils.
Normalization of auditory physiology by cigarette smoking in schizophrenic patients (1993)

This study suggests that cigarette smoking can transiently normalize the impairment of auditory sensory gating in schizophrenic patients.
Synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted 4H‐1,2,4‐triazoles (1994)

Abstract A general method was developed for the synthesis of unsymmetrically 3,5‐disubstituted 4 H ‐1,2,4‐tria‐zoles (Ph, H or Ph, CH 3 ) with allyl or benzyl groups in the 4‐ring position. The reaction of the corresponding 3,5‐disubstituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles with allylamine or benzylamine gave the desired compounds. The oxadiazoles were prepared by heating at 100° N,N' ‐diacylhydrazines with phosphorus pentoxide.
Binding of the E1 and E2 proteins to the origin of replication of bovine papillomavirus (1997)

DNA replication of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) requires two viral proteins encoded from the E1 and E2 open reading frames. E1 and E2 are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that bind to their cognate binding sites in the BPV origin of replication (ori). The E1 and E2 proteins can interact physically with each other, and this interaction results in cooperative binding when binding sites for both proteins are present. We have analyzed the binding of E1 to the ori in the absence and presence of E2, using DNase I footprint analysis, gel mobility shift assays, and interference analysis. We have also generated a large number of point mutations in the E1 binding site and tested them for binding of E1 as well as for activity in DNA replication. Our results demonstrate that E1 binds to the ori in different forms in the absence and presence of E2 and that E2 has both a quantitative and a qualitative effect on the binding of E1. Our results also suggest that the ori contains multiple overlapping individual E1 recognition sequences which together constitute the E1 binding site and that different subsets of these recognition sequences are used for binding of E1 in the presence and absence of E2.
Association between the human thymic differentiation antigens T6 and TS (1985)

The human T lymphocyte cell surface antigen T8 has been found to be associated on thymocytes with a protein of 46 kDa through disulfide bridges. Analysis by isoelectric focusing, and of peptides obtained by limited proteolysis and chemical cleavage demonstrated that this 46-kDa protein was the cell surface antigen T6, which is expressed on cortical thymocytes. The findings are discussed in the context of the importance of the T8 and T6 molecules in thymic differentiation.
Low-energy effective theories of quantum spin and quantum link models (2001)

Quantum spin and quantum link models provide an unconventional regularization of field theory in which classical fields arise via dimensional reduction of discrete variables. This D-theory regularization leads to the same continuum theories as the conventional approach. We show this by deriving the low-energy effective Lagrangians of D-theory models using coherent state path integral techniques. We illustrate our method for the $(2+1)\mathrm{D}$ Heisenberg quantum spin model which is the D-theory regularization of the $2\mathrm{D} O(3)$ model. Similarly, we prove that in the continuum limit a $(2+1)\mathrm{D}$ quantum spin model with ${\mathrm{SU}(N)}_{L}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathrm{SU}(N)}_{R}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{U(1)}_{L=R}$ symmetry is equivalent to the 2D principal chiral model. Finally, we show that $(4+1)\mathrm{D}$ $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ quantum link models reduce to ordinary 4D Yang-Mills theory.
Characterization of mutant tobacco mosaic virus coat protein that interferes with virus cell-to-cell movement (2002)

Expression of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP) in plants confers resistance to infection by TMV and related tobamoviruses. Certain mutants of the CP (CP(T42W)) provide much greater levels of resistance than wild-type (wt) CP. In the present work, infection induced by RNA transcripts of TMV clones that contain wt CP or mutant CP(T42W) fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) (TMV-CP:GFP, TMV-CP(T42W):GFP) and clones harboring TMV movement protein (MP):GFP were followed in nontransgenic and transgenic tobacco BY-2 protoplasts and Nicotiana tabaccum Xanthi-nn plants that express wt CP or CP(T42W). On nontransgenic and wt CP transgenic plants, TMV-CP:GFP produced expanding, highly fluorescent disk-shaped areas. On plants expressing CP(T42W), infection by TMV-CP:GFP or TMV-MP:GFP-CP produced infection sites of smaller size that were characterized by low fluorescence, reflecting reduced levels of virus spread and reduced accumulation of both CP:GFP and MP:GFP. TMV-CP(T42W):GFP failed to produce visible infection sites on nontransgenic plants, yet produced normal infection sites on MP-transgenic plants that produce MP. TMV infection of transgenic BY-CP(T42W) protoplasts resulted in very low levels of MP accumulation, whereas on BY-CP protoplasts (containing wt CP), infection produced higher levels of MP than in nontransgenic BY-2 cells. The results suggest that wt CP has a positive effect on the production of MP, whereas the CP(T42W) has a negative effect on MP accumulation and/or function. This effect results in very high levels of resistance to TMV infection in plants containing CP(T42W). This report shows that the CP of a plant virus regulates production of the MP, and that a mutant CP interferes with MP accumulation and cell-to-cell movement of infection.