gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric disorders and mitochondrial dysfunctions. (2012)

Different data would indicate that mitochondrial dysfunctions may be involved in the pathophysiology of different neuropsychiatric disorders, given their key role in the cell energy metabolism. Moreover, they would greatly contribute to the process of neural apoptosis that should be at the basis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's dementia and the most severe forms of BD. In addition, data are available that mithocondrial abnormalities are present also in developmental disorders, such as autism and ADHD, although the studies aiming at elucidating the role of mithocondria in the onset and pathophysiology of all these conditions should be considered preliminary. In any case, taken together, these scattered findings would suggest novel drugs targeting protecting mitochondria from oxidative stress.
Cell heterogeneity upon myogenic differentiation: down-regulation of MyoD and Myf-5 generates ‘reserve cells’ (1998)

When a proliferating myoblast culture is induced to differentiate by deprivation of serum in the medium, a significant proportion of cells escape from terminal differentiation, while the rest of the cells differentiate. Using C2C12 mouse myoblast cells, this heterogeneity observed upon differentiation was investigated with an emphasis on the myogenic regulatory factors. The differentiating part of the cell population followed a series of well-described events, including expression of myogenin, p21(WAF1), and contractile proteins, permanent withdrawal from the cell cycle and cell fusion, whereas the rest of the cells did not initiate any of these events. Interestingly, the latter cells showed an undetectable or greatly reduced level of MyoD and Myf-5 expression, which had been originally expressed in the undifferentiated proliferating myoblasts. When these undifferentiated cells were isolated and returned to the growth conditions, they progressed through the cell cycle and regained MyoD expression. These cells demonstrated identical features with the original culture on the deprivation of serum. They produced both MyoD-positive differentiating and MyoD-negative undifferentiated populations once again. Thus the undifferentiated cells in the serum-deprived culture were designated 'reserve cells'. Upon serum deprivation, MyoD expression rapidly decreased as a result of down-regulation in approximately 50% of the cells. After this heterogenization, MyoD positive cells expressed myogenin, which is the earliest known event of terminal differentiation and marks irreversible commitment to this, while MyoD-negative cells did not differentiate and became the reserve cells. We also demonstrated that ectopic expression of MyoD converted the reserve cells to differentiating cells, indicating that down-regulation of MyoD is a causal event in the formation of reserve cells.
Calculation of pressure fields from arbitrarily shaped, apodized, and excited ultrasound transducers (1992)

A method for simulation of pulsed pressure fields from arbitrarily shaped, apodized and excited ultrasound transducers is suggested. It relies on the Tupholme-Stepanishen method for calculating pulsed pressure fields, and can also handle the continuous wave and pulse-echo case. The field is calculated by dividing the surface into small rectangles and then Summing their response. A fast calculation is obtained by using the far-field approximation. Examples of the accuracy of the approach and actual calculation times are given.
Conformational Dependence of Collagenase (Matrix Metalloproteinase-1) Up-regulation by Elastin Peptides in Cultured Fibroblasts (2001)

We have established that treatment of cultured human skin fibroblasts with tropoelastin or with heterogenic peptides, obtained after organo-alkaline or leukocyte elastase hydrolysis of insoluble elastin, induces a high expression of pro-collagenase-1 (pro-matrix metalloproteinase-1 (pro-MMP-1)). The identical effect was achieved after stimulation with a VGVAPG synthetic peptide, reflecting the elastin-derived domain known to bind to the 67-kDa elastin-binding protein. This clearly indicated involvement of this receptor in the described phenomenon. This notion was further reinforced by the fact that elastin peptides-dependent MMP-1 up-regulation has not been demonstrated in cultures preincubated with 1 mm lactose, which causes shedding of the elastin-binding protein and with pertussis toxin, which blocks the elastin-binding protein-dependent signaling pathway involving G protein, phospholipase C, and protein kinase C. Moreover, we demonstrated that diverse peptides maintaining GXXPG sequences can also induce similar cellular effects as a "principal" VGVAPG ligand of the elastin receptor. Results of our biophysical studies suggest that this peculiar consensus sequence stabilizes a type VIII beta-turn in several similar, but not identical, peptides that maintain a sufficient conformation to be recognized by the elastin receptor. We have also established that GXXPG elastin-derived peptides, in addition to pro-MMP-1, cause up-regulation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-3 (pro-stromelysin 1). Furthermore, we found that the presence of plasmin in the culture medium activated these MMP proenzymes, leading to a consequent degradation of collagen substrate. Our results may be, therefore, relevant to pathobiology of inflammation, in which elastin-derived peptides bearing the GXXPG conformation (created after leukocyte-dependent proteolysis) bind to the elastin receptor of local fibroblasts and trigger signals leading to expression and activation of MMP-1 and MMP-3, which in turn exacerbate local connective tissue damage.
A multimodal, multilingual telephone application: the wildfire electronic assistant (1999)

In human-human communication, dialogue participants are con-tinuously sending and receiving signals on the status of the inform-ation being exchanged. We claim that if spoken dialogue systems were able to detect such cues and change their strategy accordingly, the interaction between user and systemwould improve. Therefore, the goals of the present study are as follows: (i) to find out which positive and negative cues people actually use in human-machine interaction in response to explicit and implicit verification questions and (ii) to see which (combinations of) cues have the best predictive potential for spotting the presence or absence of problems. It was found that subjects systematically use negative/marked cues (more words, marked word order, more repetitions and corrections, less new information etc.) when there are communication problems. Using precision and recall matrices it was found that various combinations of cues are accurate problem spotters. This kind of information may turn out to be highly relevant for spoken dia-logue systems, e.g., by providing quantitative criteria for changing the dialogue strategy or speech recognition engine.
Switching Outpatients With Bipolar or Schizoaffective Disorders and Substance Abuse From Their Current Antipsychotic to Aripiprazole (2005)

A change to aripiprazole was associated with symptomatic improvement. Limitations of the study include a small sample size, high attrition, and an open-label design. Controlled trials in dual-diagnosis patients are needed to confirm these findings.
Accurate placement of central venous catheters (1993)

a) The FDA guidelines regarding catheter tip location (catheter tip should not be in the right atrium) have not been widely publicized. b) The average safe insertion depth for a central venous catheter from the left or right internal jugular vein or subclavian vein is 16.5 cm for the majority of adult patients; a central venous catheter should not be routinely inserted to a depth of > 20 cm. Catheters longer than this size are rarely needed, and potentially dangerous. Catheter tip location is important to document following central venous catheter insertion. Thirty-centimeter central venous catheters should not be used when accessing the central circulation via internal jugular or subclavian veins. c) Right atrial electrocardiography is a technique that assures initial tip position outside the heart in accordance with FDA guidelines. This technique would virtually eliminate the major risk of death (i.e., cardiac perforation) associated with this procedure. d) Recently available, 15- and 16-cm central venous catheters have significant potential to minimize intracardiac placement of central venous catheters by either the internal jugular or subclavian vein route and may become the standard of care.
A TVA–Single-Chain Antibody Fusion Protein Mediates Specific Targeting of a Subgroup A Avian Leukosis Virus Vector to Cells Expressing a Tumor-Specific Form of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (2000)

We have previously described an approach that employs retroviral receptor-ligand bridge proteins to target retroviral vectors to specific cell types. To determine whether targeted retroviral entry can also be achieved using a retroviral receptor-single-chain antibody bridge protein, the TVA-MR1 fusion protein was generated. TVA-MR1 is comprised of the extracellular domain of the TVA receptor for subgroup A avian leukosis viruses (ALV-A), fused to the MR1 single-chain antibody that binds specifically to EGFRvIII, a tumor-specific form of the epidermal growth factor receptor. We show that TVA-MR1 binds specifically to a murine version of EGFRvIII and promotes ALV-A entry selectively into cells that express this cell surface marker. These studies demonstrate that it is possible to target retroviral vectors to specific cell types through the use of a retroviral receptor-single-chain antibody fusion protein.
Intramuscular interferon beta-1a in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (2010)

This study was designed to provide Class I evidence for the safety and efficacy of IM IFNbeta-1a in the treatment of CIDP but has been subsequently classified as Class II due to a >20% patient dropout rate. Thus, this randomized, controlled clinical trial provides Class II evidence of no effect on primary and secondary endpoints of 4 dosage regimens of IM IFNbeta-1a added to IVIg in persons with CIDP.
Control of Regulatory T Cell Development by the Transcription Factor Foxp3 (2003)

Regulatory T cells engage in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance by actively suppressing self-reactive lymphocytes. Little is known, however, about the molecular mechanism of their development. Here we show that Foxp3, which encodes a transcription factor that is genetically defective in an autoimmune and inflammatory syndrome in humans and mice, is specifically expressed in naturally arising CD4+ regulatory T cells. Furthermore, retroviral gene transfer of Foxp3 converts naïve T cells toward a regulatory T cell phenotype similar to that of naturally occurring CD4+ regulatory T cells. Thus, Foxp3 is a key regulatory gene for the development of regulatory T cells.
Analysis of series and shunt line compensation by a unified power flow controller (1999)

A novel method for the analysis of the effectiveness of a UPFC for transient stability enhancement is presented. The analysis shows that the maximum power transfer, P/sub e max/ for line compensation by the UPFC can be written in the general form of P/sub e max/=P/sub max//(1-k/sub 1/-k/sub 2/) where P/sub max/ is the maximum power transfer for the uncompensated line, and k/sub 1/ and k/sub 2/ are the degrees of compensation offered by the series and shunt branches of the UPFC, respectively.
Expression of rat heme oxygenase in Escherichia coli as a catalytically active, full‐length form that binds to bacterial membranes (1991)

A plasmid, pKK-RHO, was constructed by incorporating the coding sequence of a cDNA for rat heme oxygenase into the expression vector pKK233-2. Escherichia coli strain XL1-blue transformed with pKK-RHO produced a catalytically active, full-length heme oxygenase. The 32-kDa native enzyme expressed, was localized in the bacterial membranes, possibly due to the spontaneous membrane-binding properties of a hydrophobic segment in its C-terminal region. During cultivation, a few degraded forms of heme oxygenase that had lost their membrane-associative properties appeared. Probably, some bacterial proteases cut the native heme oxygenase at sites near its C-terminus and so release hydrophilic peptides of heme oxygenase from the membranes. A 30-kDa polypeptide, one of the degraded forms of heme oxygenase, retained ability to accept electrons from NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase and also activity for catalyzing breakdown of heme to biliverdin. The cultured cells were pale green. From them we extracted green pigment(s), of which the absorption spectrum closely resembled that of biliverdin, suggesting that a large amount of the endogenous heme of E. coli was actually degraded to biliverdin by the expressed heme oxygenase.
Enzymatic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol:  Enhanced Methanol Production in Silica Sol−Gel Matrices (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEnzymatic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol: Enhanced Methanol Production in Silica Sol−Gel MatricesRobyn Obert and Bakul C. DaveView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University at Carbondale Carbondale, Illinois 62901-4409 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 51, 12192–12193Publication Date (Web):December 9, 1999Publication History Received8 June 1999Published online9 December 1999Published inissue 1 December 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja991899rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja991899rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5268Altmetric-Citations258LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Inorganic carbon compounds,Oxides,Peptides and proteins,Solutions Get e-Alerts
APPROXIMATION OF LINEAR FUNCTIONALS (1997)

Abstract We examine the approximation of linear functionals of the form Ω = ⟨x, g⟩, where x is the solution of the linear operator equation Ax = f, with x,g and f elements of Hilbert Space H and A is an invertible operator on H. We show that the results from the literature all involve the zero order approximation to the inverse operator.
Chemiluminescent DNA sequencing with multiplex labeling. (1993)

Chemiluminescent detection techniques provide a sensitive, nonradioactive method for DNA sequencing. Standard Sanger dideoxy DNA sequencing reactions are initiated with biotinylated primers, separated by gel electrophoresis, transferred to nylon membrane and detected utilizing chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetane substrates for alkaline phosphatase. A multiplex-labeling method was developed to permit detection of several overlapping sets of DNA sequence information on a single membrane, thereby increasing the productivity of a single gel electrophoretic separation. Primers labeled with different haptens at the 5' end were used to perform separate sequencing reactions. These were mixed together prior to electrophoresis, and the individual sequencing products sequentially detected using hapten-specific reagents. We incorporated primers labeled with biotin, digoxigenin, 2,4-dinitrophenyl or fluorescein, each consecutively detected with a hapten-specific alkaline phosphatase conjugate and CSPD 1,2-dioxetane chemiluminescent substrate. To further increase the amount of DNA sequence data that can be obtained from a single membrane, a direct transfer electrophoresis apparatus was used for simultaneous separation of the DNA sequencing reactions and membrane transfer. The resulting increased separation of the high molecular weight fragments yields 350-450 bp of readable DNA sequence data from each template. Chemiluminescent detection of overlapping sets of DNA sequencing reactions utilizing multiplex labeling, combined with direct transfer electrophoresis, provides an efficient, nonradioactive method for DNA sequencing.
PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MAJOR BASIC PROTEIN FROM GUINEA PIG EOSINOPHIL GRANULES (1974)

Guinea pig eosinophil granules are characterized by the presence of a basic protein of low molecular weight which accounts for greater than 50% of granule protein. This protein, termed the major basic protein (MBP), readily aggregates and becomes insoluble, and the formation of aggregates is dependent on the establishment of disulfide bonds. Analysis of concentrated preparations of MBP often revealed a series of bands which were multiples of a monomeric unit with a mol wt of approximately 11,000. Analysis of reduced and alkylated MBP on a 10% agarose column equilibrated with 6 M guanidinium chloride revealed a single polypeptide chain with a mol wt of 10,800. Amino acid analysis of the protein revealed the presence of 13% arginine, consistent with the basic character of the molecule. Four residues of tryptophan, were present, indicating that MBP is not a histone. The MBP did not increase vascular permeability when injected into the skin of guinea pigs, nor did it antagonize the effect of histamine and bradykinin in the skin. MBP also did not contract the isolated guinea pig ileum and when mixed with histamine or bradykinin did not inhibit their activity on the gut. MBP had only weak, if any, antihistaminic activity. MBP possessed weak bactericidal activity when compared to histone and then only with one strain of E. coli. MBP precipitated DNA, neutralized heparin, and activated papain. On a molar basis MBP was more active than cysteine in activating papain. These results do not point to any unique biological activity associated with MBP other than those expected of a protein as basic as it is and one which possesses reactive sulfhydryl groups. Possible functions of eosinophils based on the properties of the MBP are discussed.
Pitch sharpening for perceptually improved CELP, and the sparse-delta codebook for reduced computation (1991)

The authors introduce two techniques for improving low-bit-rate CELP (code excited linear prediction) speech coders. The sparse-delta stochastic codebook is a recursive codebook design which can be searched using roughly 5% of the computational load required to search a full Gaussian codebook. Pitch sharpening is a class of algorithms which attempt to improve the perceptual quality of CELP by limiting the feedback of low-amplitude noiselike information to the adaptive codebook. Simulation results are presented for sparse-delta, ternary sparse-delta, and simplified-search sparse-delta coders, and for reduced-gain and sparse-adaptive-codebook pitch sharpening algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
LP‐I: Late‐News Poster: Gray Scale of Bistable Reflective Cholesteric Displays (1998)

Abstract We report the first gray scale reflective bistable cholesteric display with dynamic drive. We successfully achieve 8 to 16 levels of gray on a VGA format display at 133 dpi. The image shows good contrast and rich gray depth.
Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python (2012)

Scikit-learn is a Python module integrating a wide range of state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms for medium-scale supervised and unsupervised problems. This package focuses on bringing machine learning to non-specialists using a general-purpose high-level language. Emphasis is put on ease of use, performance, documentation, and API consistency. It has minimal dependencies and is distributed under the simplified BSD license, encouraging its use in both academic and commercial settings. Source code, binaries, and documentation can be downloaded from http://scikit-learn.org.
Human stools as a source of viable colonic epithelial cells (1991)

Human stools consist of a mixture of undigested food residues, colonic microflora, and cellular components shed from the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. The cellular components are made up mostly of terminally differentiated colonic epithelial cells. Using a combination of Percoll density gradient centrifugation and countercurrent centrifugal elutriation, it is now possible to recover these cells as an enriched fraction from fresh human stools. Cells can be visualized on heat-fixed smears of the enriched fractions stained with modified Wright's stain. The enrichment process is optimized by following the segregation of eukaryotic cells as determined by an ELISA technique using monoclonal antibodies against human double-stranded DNA. This work, demonstrating the feasibility of isolating intact colonic cells from stools, has important applications as a noninvasive approach to the biology of exfoliated cells from the gastrointestinal tract.
Sleep disturbances, fibromyalgia and primary Sjögren's syndrome. (1997)

Our results suggest that sleep abnormalities and FM in pSS patients are frequent and their etiology might involve other mechanisms besides joint pain or sicca symptomatology.
Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ethers as Efficient Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Michael Reaction of Aldehydes and Nitroalkenes (2005)

The direct, catalytic, asymmetric Michael addition of aldehydes to nitroolefins in the presence of a chiral diphenylprolinol silyl ether organocatalyst is described (see scheme). The desired 1,4-addition products were obtained in nearly optically pure form in good yield with high syn diastereoselectivity. TMS=trimethylsilyl. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z500599_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Interferon gamma (IFNg) drives disease in the TLR9-mediated cytokine storm syndrome in mice (2015)

The Cytokine Storm Syndrome (CSS) is characterized by an overwhelming activation of immune cells observed in life-threatening disorders such as familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (fHLH) and secondary (s) HLH/macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) as well as during serious infection. However, it is not known if the CSS can be attributed to a single cytokine. Increased blood levels of interferon gamma (IFNg) in HLH and sHLH/MAS patients potentially indicate a central role for this cytokine in the CSS. Using a mouse model that mimics an infection-driven CSS (i.e., CpG-ODN), our study showed that total IFNg levels originating within organs are 500 to 2,000-fold higher than those measured in peripheral blood as CSS develops. Ablation of IFNg activity in tissues led to the amelioration of the plethora of associated CSS clinical and laboratory parameters. Furthermore, the IFNg signature gene products, CXCL9 and CXCL10, correlated with disease severity in the mouse model of CSS and patients with sHLH. Thus, anti-IFNg targeted therapy should control diseases associated with the cytokine storm and we propose the use of CXCL9 or CXCL10 as a means to monitor total IFNg activity in patients.