gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic studies on terpenoids. 5. Synthesis of .gamma.- and .delta.-lactones from .beta.-(2,7-dimethyl-1,2-dihydroxycycloheptyl)propionic acid (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic studies on terpenoids. 5. Synthesis of .gamma.- and .delta.-lactones from .beta.-(2,7-dimethyl-1,2-dihydroxycycloheptyl)propionic acidOpinder Singh Bhanot, Tushar Kanti Das, Indranil Gupta, Harcharan Singh Suri, and Phanindra Chandra DuttaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 9, 1623–1627Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00429a032RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (771 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
From Environmental Sociologies to Environmental Sociology? (2006)

U.S. environmental sociology has gone through a very different development path compared with its European counterpart. U.S. environmental sociology was dominant in establishing the field and setting the terms for the development and identity of this subdiscipline. Whereas U.S. environmental sociology still sets the tone in terms of internal organization, structure, and interaction, arguably Northwest European environmental sociology has been more innovative in the last decade of the former millennium with respect to theoretical and conceptual contributions. Although we can still witness significant differences between the environmental sociologies of the two continents, these differences are diminishing. During the past decade, a remarkable degree of interaction, exchange, and social learning has taken place between the two academic communities, facilitated by various aspects of globalization. The question of whether we are moving to one environmental sociology should, however, also take other—and especially the emerging Asian—environmental sociologies into account.
Tutorial on Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization (2015)

Many optimization problems are multiobjective in nature in the sense that multiple, conflicting criteria need to be optimized simultaneously. Due to the conflict between objectives, usually, no single optimal solution exists. Instead, the optimum corresponds to a set of so-called Pareto-optimal solutions for which no other solution has better function values in all objectives.
Atherogenic dyslipidemia in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: therapeutic options beyond statins (2006)

Lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) is clearly efficacious in the treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease. However, despite increasing use of statins, a significant number of coronary events still occur and many of such events take place in patients presenting with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. More and more attention is being paid now to combined atherogenic dyslipidemia which typically presents in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This mixed dyslipidemia (or "lipid quartet"): hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, a preponderance of small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles and an accumulation of cholesterol-rich remnant particles (e.g. high levels of apolipoprotein B)--emerged as the greatest "competitor" of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol among lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Most recent extensions of the fibrates trials (BIP - Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention study, HHS - Helsinki Heart Study, VAHIT--Veterans Affairs High-density lipoprotein cholesterol Intervention Trial and FIELD--Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes) give further support to the hypothesis that patients with insulin-resistant syndromes such as diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome might be the ones to derive the most benefit from therapy with fibrates. However, different fibrates may have a somewhat different spectrum of effects. Other lipid-modifying strategies included using of niacin, ezetimibe, bile acid sequestrants and cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition. In addition, bezafibrate as pan-peroxisome proliferator activated receptor activator has clearly demonstrated beneficial pleiotropic effects related to glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Because fibrates, niacin, ezetimibe and statins each regulate serum lipids by different mechanisms, combination therapy--selected on the basis of their safety and effectiveness - may offer particularly desirable benefits in patients with combined hyperlipidemia as compared with statins monotherapy.
Liposomes and nanotechnology in drug development: focus on ocular targets (2013)

Poor drug delivery to lesions in patients' eyes is a major obstacle to the treatment of ocular diseases. The accessibility of these areas to drugs is highly restricted by the presence of barriers, including the corneal barrier, aqueous barrier, and the inner and outer blood-retinal barriers. In particular, the posterior segment is difficult to reach for drugs because of its structural peculiarities. This review discusses various barriers to drug delivery and provides comprehensive information for designing nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems for the treatment of ocular diseases. Nanoparticles can be designed to improve penetration, controlled release, and drug targeting. As highlighted in this review, the therapeutic efficacy of drugs in ocular diseases has been reported to be enhanced by the use of nanoparticles such as liposomes, micro/nanospheres, microemulsions, and dendrimers. Our recent data show that intravitreal injection of targeted liposomes encapsulating an angiogenesis inhibitor caused significantly greater suppression of choroidal neovascularization than did the injection of free drug. Recent progress in ocular drug delivery systems research has provided new insights into drug development, and the use of nanoparticles for drug delivery is thus a promising approach for advanced therapy of ocular diseases.
A biochemical and pharmacological comparison of enzyme replacement therapies for the glycolipid storage disorder Fabry disease (2003)

Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disease arising from deficiency of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A. Two recombinant protein therapeutics, Fabrazyme (agalsidase beta) and Replagal (agalsidase alfa), have been approved in Europe as enzyme replacement therapies for Fabry disease. Both contain the same human enzyme, alpha-galactosidase A, but they are produced using different protein expression systems and have been approved for administration at different doses. To determine if there is recognizable biochemical basis for the different doses, we performed a comparison of the two drugs, focusing on factors that are likely to influence biological activity and availability. The two drugs have similar glycosylation, both in the type and location of the oligosaccharide structures present. Differences in glycosylation were mainly limited to the levels of sialic acid and mannose-6-phosphate present, with Fabrazyme having a higher percentage of fully sialylated oligosaccharides and a higher level of phosphorylation. The higher levels of phosphorylated oligomannose residues correlated with increased binding to mannose-6-phosphate receptors and uptake into Fabry fibroblasts in vitro. Biodistribution studies in a mouse model of Fabry disease showed similar organ uptake. Likewise, antigenicity studies using antisera from Fabry patients demonstrated that both drugs were indistinguishable in terms of antibody cross-reactivity. Based on these studies and present knowledge regarding the influence of glycosylation on protein biodistribution and cellular uptake, the two protein preparations appear to be functionally indistinguishable. Therefore, the data from these studies provide no rationale for the use of these proteins at different therapeutic doses.
Position estimation in solenoid actuators (1996)

This paper describes a novel method of estimating the position of a plunger inside a solenoid. The solenoid is a single-phase variable reluctance actuator, with a highly nonlinear magnetic circuit. For the proposed method, position is estimated indirectly through the solenoid's incremental inductance in the high current region. It exploits the advantage that motional electromotive force (EMF) is negligible under normal operating condition. The incremental inductance is obtained from the rate of current rise of the pulse-width modulated (PWM) waveform, which in turn, is measured by a dedicated current rise measurement circuit. Position is estimated from a two-dimensional look-up table of incremental inductance and current. The method is simulated and then implemented on a typical industrial solenoid valve. Factors which affect the accuracy of the estimation and methods of overcoming them are also described in the paper.
In Vitro Antitumoral Activity of Baculovirus-expressed Chimeric Recombinant Anti-CD4 Antibody 13B8.2 on T-cell Lymphomas (2007)

A baculovirus-expressed chimeric recombinant IgG1 (rIgG1) antibody, with Cgamma1 and Ckappa human constant domains, was derived from the murine monoclonal antibody 13B8.2, which is specific for the CDR3-like loop of the CD4 molecule. The recombinant IgG1 antibody 13B8.2 was previously shown to inhibit HIV-1 replication and to abrogate the one-way mixed-lymphocyte reaction and block proliferation of CD3-stimulated peripheral blood CD4 lymphocytes from healthy donors. Before testing this recombinant anti-CD4 antibody in in vivo preclinical trials, in vitro mechanisms of action of rIgG1 13B8.2 were assessed using various CD4 T-cell lymphomas. The baculovirus-expressed rIgG1 13B8.2 antibody led to 14% to 40% proliferation inhibition of the lymphoblastic leukaemia-derived SUP-T1, the acute T lymphoma-derived CCRF-CEM and Jurkat, and the cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma-derived HUT-78 cell lines, but it did not affect the cell cycle nor induce cell apoptosis. rIgG1 antibody 13B8.2 bound the C1q fraction, leading to 9% to 17% complement-mediated lysis of the HUT-78, H9, Sup-T1, and the CCRF-CEM cell lines. No correlation was observed between cell sensitivity to rIgG1 13B8.2-triggered complement-dependent lysis and CD35-, CD46-, CD55-, and CD59-surface expression on T lymphoma cells. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, the antibody was shown to bind to FcgammaRI/CD64-transfected IIA1.6, FcgammaRII/CD32-transfected CDw32L, and FcgammaRIII/CD16-transfected Jurkat CD16 cell lines. In correlation with these findings, rIgG1 13B8.2 induced 11% to 31% antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of the CCRF-CEM, SUP-T1, A2.01 CD4, and Jurkat cell lines. These convincing results on the activity of the recombinant chimeric anti-CD4 antibody 13B8.2 have led us to perform in vivo preclinical study in a murine xenograft model of CD4 lymphomas.
The Operational Process Dashboard for Manufacturing (2013)

Agility is a critical success factor for manufacturers in today's volatile global environment and requires employees monitoring their performance and reacting quickly to turbulences. Thus, comprehensive information provisioning on all hierarchy levels is neces- sary. Yet, existing IT systems, e. g., Manufacturing Execution Systems, scarcely address information needs of workers on the shop floor level. This causes uncoordinated waiting times, inflexibility and costly communication. To address these issues, we present the Operational Process Dashboard for Manufacturing (OPDM), a mobile dashboard for shop floor workers. We identify process- oriented information needs, develop technical dashboard services and define IT requirements for an implementation.
Illegitimate transcription: Its use in the study of inherited disease (1992)

In 1988, by using the powerful and accurate cDNA/PCR technique, it was demonstrated that there are very low levels of dystrophin mRNA in a variety of non-muscle tissues, including cultured fibroblasts and lymphoblastoid cell lines. The phenomenon was also shown for a number of other tissue-specific genes, including beta-globin, factors VIIIc and IX, anti-Müllerian hormone, L-pyruvate kinase, retinal blue pigment, phenylalanine hydroxylase. The level of transcript in inappropriate cells is exceedingly low, perhaps one mRNA per 100-1000 cells. This low-level ubiquitous transcription of tissue-specific genes was called "illegitimate" or "ectopic" transcription, and has been proven to occur for 17 gene transcripts to date. The mechanism and biological significance of illegitimate transcription are still obscure, but, since illegitimate transcripts exhibit the same pathology as legitimate transcripts, they have been useful tool in the study of already 9 inherited diseases. This strategy will be applied widely for diseases where samples from the appropriate tissue for study is difficult to obtain, or where an mRNA is easier or more informative to study than a genomic DNA (as for large genes, or where alternative splicing is involved).
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Improves Survival in Two Models of Gut-Derived Sepsis by Improving Gut Barrier Function and Modulating Bacterial Clearance (1994)

The ability of rmGM-CSF to improve gut barrier function and enhance killing of translocated organisms after burn injury-induced gut origin sepsis was associated with improved outcome. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor also improved survival after CLP.
Characterization of inositol trisphosphate receptor binding in brain. Regulation by pH and calcium. (1987)

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is an intracellular second messenger, produced upon stimulation of the phosphoinositide system, capable of mobilizing calcium from intracellular stores. We have recently identified high levels of specific binding sites for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in brain membranes (Worley, P. F., Baraban, J. M., Colvin, J. S., and Snyder, S. H. (1987) Nature 325, 159-161) and have now further characterized these sites. In cerebellar membranes, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binding sites are abundant (20 pmol/mg protein) and display high affinity and selectivity for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (KD approximately equal to 40 nM), whereas other inositol phosphates such as inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ki approximately equal to 10 microM) and inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (Ki approximately equal to 10 microM) exhibit much lower affinity for this site. Submicromolar concentrations of calcium strongly inhibit inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binding (IC50 approximately equal to 300 nM). A sharp increase in binding occurs at slightly alkaline pH. These results suggest that actions of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate are regulated by physiological alterations in intracellular pH and calcium concentrations.
Characterization of Protein and Peptide Stability and Solubility in Non-Aqueous Solvents (2000)

Small molecule parenterals have often been formulated as solutions or suspensions in non-aqueous conditions, however, this technology has not found widespread use in the formulation of macromolecules. Formulation of proteins and peptides has primarily been achieved through aqueous solutions or reconstituted lyophilized cakes. The incorporation of non-aqueous techniques has been limited by the lack of general applicability. For example, prediction of solubility, chemical stability, conformational stability (unfolding/denaturation processes), and activity can be difficult. Therefore, macromolecule non-aqueous preformulation work must be performed on a case by case basis. In addition, only a few solvents are pharmaceutically acceptable. This article reviews the characterization of proteins and peptides in a variety of non-aqueous or co-solvent conditions (both acceptable and unacceptable for pharmaceutical applications), and discusses the applicability of non-aqueous conditions for increasing solubility, stability and activity.
Science and technology education in Taiwan (China) (1993)

This case study on Taiwan (China) is one of a series of papers on science and technology education in three newly industrialized economies in East Asia--South Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. This series assumes that accelerating technological progress sooner or later will erode developing countries comparative advantage in labor-intensive, low-cost manufacturing, and that their development prospects will hinge on the level of skills of their workforce and their capability to select, use, adapt, and develop technology appropriate to changing circumstances. Taiwan's experience affirms that developing this capability fundamentally depends on the capacity of the school system to raise the level of scientific literacy, which calls for investments in basic education. If such investments are successful, each subsequent phase must be supported by mathematically- and scientifically-oriented secondary and higher education, and in research and development. This will enable a large number of technical personnel to work in industry, and form a critical mass of scientists generating new knowledge and improving products. Other lessons can be drawn from Taiwan's experience. First, an integrated approach is beneficial in pursuing macroeconomic, education, science and technological policies to provide the enabling environment for growth. Second, the role of government is critical in charting the course for development. Third, paying attention to quality and equity results in efficiency gains.
Derivation and Characterization of Hepatic Progenitor Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2009)

The derivation of hepatic progenitor cells from human embryonic stem (hES) cells is of value both in the study of early human liver organogenesis and in the creation of an unlimited source of donor cells for hepatocyte transplantation therapy. Here, we report for the first time the generation of hepatic progenitor cells derived from hES cells. Hepatic endoderm cells were generated by activating FGF and BMP pathways and were then purified by fluorescence activated cell sorting using a newly identified surface marker, N-cadherin. After co-culture with STO feeder cells, these purified hepatic endoderm cells yielded hepatic progenitor colonies, which possessed the proliferation potential to be cultured for an extended period of more than 100 days. With extensive expansion, they co-expressed the hepatic marker AFP and the biliary lineage marker KRT7 and maintained bipotential differentiation capacity. They were able to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, which expressed ALB and AAT, and into cholangiocyte-like cells, which formed duct-like cyst structures, expressed KRT19 and KRT7, and acquired epithelial polarity. In conclusion, this is the first report of the generation of proliferative and bipotential hepatic progenitor cells from hES cells. These hES cell-derived hepatic progenitor cells could be effectively used as an in vitro model for studying the mechanisms of hepatic stem/progenitor cell origin, self-renewal and differentiation.
Products of Stimulated Monocytes Enhance the Activity of Interferon-γ (1989)

We have investigated the interaction of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) with monocytes or products of stimulated monocytes. We have shown that IFN-gamma does not stimulate IFN-alpha production in monocytes. Staphylococcus aureus (SAC) but not lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced IFN-alpha secretion by monocytes. However, it was observed that supernatants of monocytes stimulated with IFN-gamma in combination with either LPS or SAC had higher levels of antiviral activity than supernatants of monocytes stimulated only with IFN-gamma. Moreover, the degree of enhancement of antiviral activity was dependent on the dose of either LPS or SAC used to stimulate the monocytes. Supernatants of monocytes stimulated with LPS or SAC enhanced the antiviral activity of IFN-gamma but not IFN-alpha. Thus, LPS- or SAC-stimulated monocytes produced a factor(s) that augmented the biological activity of IFN-gamma. To identify the factor within stimulated monocyte supernatants that was responsible for this enhancement, several monokines were added to IFN-gamma. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) significantly increased the antiviral activity of IFN-gamma, although TNF by itself had no antiviral activity. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) or granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) did not enhance the activity of IFN-gamma. Our data indicate that the interaction between IFN-gamma and monocytes is bidirectional. Not only can IFN-gamma activate monocytes, but products of stimulated monocytes also enhance the biological activities of IFN-gamma.
High-Affinity and Potent, Water-Soluble 5-Amino-1,4-benzodiazepine CCKB/Gastrin Receptor Antagonists Containing a Cationic Solubilizing Group (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-Affinity and Potent, Water-Soluble 5-Amino-1,4-benzodiazepine CCKB/Gastrin Receptor Antagonists Containing a Cationic Solubilizing GroupGraham A. Showell, Sylvie Bourrain, Joseph G. Neduvelil, Stephen R. Fletcher, Raymond Baker, Alan P. Watt, Alan E. Fletcher, Stephen B. Freedman, John A. Kemp, and Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 6, 719–721Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00032a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00032a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts