gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Downlink Coordinated Two-Point Systems (2014)

In order to improve the spectral efficiency, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with superposition coding is employed in a coordinated system where downlink signals to users near to base stations (BSs) and cell-edge users are transmitted simultaneously. To support a cell-edge user in a NOMA channel, two coordinated BSs use Alamouti code. In order to see the performance, we derive expressions for the transmission rates to near and cell-edge users. It is shown that the proposed coordinated superposition coding (CSC) scheme can provide a reasonable transmission rate to a cell-edge user without degrading the rates to users near to BSs.
A Case of Spinal Cord Stimulation inRaynaud’s Phenomenon: Can SubthresholdSensory Stimulation Have an Effect? (2007)

Spinal cord stimulation is currently used to treat a variety of chronic intractable painful conditions. We report a case of severe Raynaud's phenomenon in the hands refractory to conservative treatment and responsive to diagnostic stellate ganglion block that was effectively treated with a spinal cord stimulator placed in the cervical epidural space. After capturing the affected areas with paresthesias, blood flow in the left hand and fingers significantly improved as evidenced by an increase in skin temperature, a change from cyanotic to pink appearance and concomitant reduction in pain. Moreover, the patient reported that limb ischemia and pain could be managed overnight with stimulation intensities that were below sensory perception thresholds. Thus it seems, at least in the overnight period, paresthesias were not required to maintain pain relief. This case presents a potential divergence between a requirement for paresthesias and pain relief in spinal cord stimulation therapy for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. The possible role of the sympathetic nervous system in this relationship is also discussed.
Renal function with left ventricular assist devices: the poorer the preoperative renal function, the longer the recovery. (2008)

Preoperative renal function predicts post-implantation renal function and length of ICU stay. Especially when implanted in heavier patients, the Toyobo LVAD tends to provide poorer renal perfusion.
Brain-Selective Overexpression of Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Type 2 Attenuates Neurogenic Hypertension (2009)

ACE2 overexpression attenuates the development of neurogenic hypertension partially by preventing the decrease in both SBRS and parasympathetic tone. These protective effects might be mediated by enhanced NO release in the brain resulting from Mas and AT(2) receptor upregulation. Taken together, our data highlight the compensatory role of central ACE2 and its potential benefits as a therapeutic target for neurogenic hypertension.
Daptomycin versus Vancomycin Treatment for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bacteremia in a Murine Model (1990)

Daptomycin (LY 146032), a new lipopeptide antimicrobial agent with activity against gram-positive bacteria, was compared to vancomycin in the treatment of staphylococcal bacteremia in a murine model. Two hundred and ninety-nine mice were inoculated with 1 x 10(8) bacteria by the tail vein, and treatment was begun 3 days later. Two dosage regimens of each drug were used: 10 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg administered every 12 h for 14 days. A control group received no therapy. Survival was determined 31 days after inoculation. There was no significant difference in survival in any of the four treatment groups. The survival in all treatment groups was significantly greater than in the control group. Serum levels of daptomycin remained longer in the therapeutic range than serum levels of vancomycin. In the murine model of staphylococcal disease, daptomycin treatment was as effective as treatment with vancomycin.
A new, versatile, direct-current helium atmospheric-pressure glow discharge (2006)

A novel direct current glow discharge sustained in helium at atmospheric pressure has been developed. Current–voltage behavior and spectroscopic characteristics strongly suggest that the system operates in the glow regime, in spite of the high pressure. The diffuse and extremely stable discharge is typically operated within a voltage range of 300–900 volts (in the current-controlled mode) and at currents ranging over tens to hundreds of milliamps. Spatially resolved spectroscopic measurements of some selected species are presented. Rotational temperature profiles were calculated using the OH emission spectrum, yielding values in the positive column ranging from 1300 to 1600 K.
Characterization of the human burst-forming unit-megakaryocyte (1989)

Two classes of human marrow megakaryocyte progenitor cells are described. Colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-MK)-derived colonies appeared in vitro after 12-day incubation; burst-forming unit- megakaryocyte (BFU-MK)-derived colonies appeared after 21 days. CFU-MK- derived colonies were primarily unifocal and composed of 11.6 +/- 1.2 cells/colony; BFU-MK-derived colonies were composed of 2.3 +/- 0.4 foci and 108.6 +/- 4.4 cells/colony. CFU-MK and BFU-MK were separable by counterflow centrifugal elutriation. CFU-MK colony formation was diminished by exposure to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); BFU-MK colony formation was unaffected. CFU-MK and BFU-MK were immunologically phenotyped. CFU-MK expressed the human progenitor cell antigen-1 (HPCA- 1, CD34, clone My10) and a major histocompatibility class II locus, HLA- DR, and BFU-MK expressed only detectable amounts of CD34. BFU-MK colony formation was entirely dependent on addition of exogenous hematopoietic growth factors. Recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) possessed such colony- stimulating activity, whereas recombinant erythropoietin (Epo), G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-4, and purified thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor did not. These studies indicate the existence of a human megakaryocyte progenitor cell, the BFU-MK, which has unique properties allowing it to be distinguished from the CFU-MK.
Combining visible and near-infrared images for realistic skin smoothing (2009)

Skin tone images, portraits in particular, are of tremendous importance in digital photography, but a number of factors, such as pigmentation irregularities (e.g., moles, freckles), irritation, roughness, or wrinkles can reduce their appeal. Moreover, such &#x201C;defects&#x201D; are oftentimes enhanced by lighting conditions, e.g., when a flash is used.Starting with the observations that melanin and hemoglobin, the key components of skin colour, have little absorption in the near-infrared part of the spectrum, and that the depth of light penetration in the epidermis is proportional to the incident light's wavelength, we propose that near-infrared images provide information that can be used to automatically smooth skin tones in a physically realistic manner.Specifically, we develop a framework that consists of capturing a pair of visible/near-infrared images and separating both of them into base and detail layers (akin to a low/high frequency decomposition) with the fast bilateral filter. We show that a smooth, realistic, output image can be obtained by fusing the base layer of the visible image with the near-infrared detail layer. This method not only outperforms equivalent decomposition in the wavelet domain, but the results also look more realistic than with a simple luminance transfer. Moreover, the proposed method delivers consistently good results across various skin types.
Atomic‐Layer Graphene as a Saturable Absorber for Ultrafast Pulsed Lasers (2009)

Abstract The optical conductance of monolayer graphene is defined solely by the fine structure constant, α = $e^2 /\hbar c$ (where e is the electron charge, $\hbar $ is Dirac's constant and c is the speed of light). The absorbance has been predicted to be independent of frequency. In principle, the interband optical absorption in zero‐gap graphene could be saturated readily under strong excitation due to Pauli blocking. Here, use of atomic layer graphene as saturable absorber in a mode‐locked fiber laser for the generation of ultrashort soliton pulses (756 fs) at the telecommunication band is demonstrated. The modulation depth can be tuned in a wide range from 66.5% to 6.2% by varying the graphene thickness. These results suggest that ultrathin graphene films are potentially useful as optical elements in fiber lasers. Graphene as a laser mode locker can have many merits such as lower saturation intensity, ultrafast recovery time, tunable modulation depth, and wideband tunability.
A retrospective outcomes review of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus treated with a low flow valve system (2014)

Accepted treatment of patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (INPH) dictates the placement of a Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. Selection of a valve regulated system for implantation is usually determined by the treating surgeon. Data regarding the efficacy of a Low Flow Valve (LFV) are sparse. The use of this type of system may be of benefit in patients with INPH. Data from fourteen patients in the Florida Hospital NPH Program Registry with placement of a Low Flow Valve were retrospectively examined. All patients completed baselines studies to quantify gait disturbance, cognitive dysfunction, and ventriculomegaly (Evan's Ratio). Studies were repeated post three day external lumbar drain, as well as 6, 12, and 24 months post shunt placement. Significant improvement was noted in gait (Berg Balance Score) at six months and one year post shunt placement. Patients improved from a “medium― fall risk to a “low― fall risk. Significant improvement in NAB was noted at 2 years of follow up, improving from “mildly impaired― to “average―. Evan's ratio was stable throughout the study. There were no instances of over drainage or shunt infection. One shunt obstruction which necessitated surgical intervention was observed. Objective improvement in BERG and NAB appears to provide conclusive evidence of efficacy in this small group of patients with INPH treated with placement of an LFV and followed for two years. The absence of over-drainage as a related complication in this small group is encouraging.
Characterization of NTPase, RNA‐binding and RNA‐helicase Activities of the Cytoplasmic Inclusion Protein of Tamarillo Mosaic Potyvirus (1994)

The 66-kDa cytoplasmic inclusion protein of tamarillo mosaic potyvirus was purified to near homogeneity using organic solvent clarification, differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. ATPase and GTPase activities were shown to co-purify with the 66-kDa protein. ATPase activity was stimulated up to fivefold in the presence of 20 microM poly(A). The Km value for ATP hydrolysis (18 microM), was minimally affected upon addition of poly(A). In contrast, the Vmax value for ATP hydrolysis was increased fivefold by the addition of poly(A). Binding of RNA by the cytoplasmic inclusion protein was demonstrated by gel electrophoresis of ultraviolet cross-linked enzyme-RNA complexes. In the absence of added NTP, complexes between the cytoplasmic inclusion protein and single-stranded RNA species formed rapidly in the pH range 3-7, but not at pH 8 or 9. Binding to single-stranded RNA was markedly decreased by the addition of NaCl (10 mM), suggesting a weak association between RNA and enzyme. The cytoplasmic inclusion protein bound single-stranded RNA or partially double-stranded RNA duplexes with single-stranded overhangs of 35 bases and 81 bases, respectively, but did not bind 16-bp blunt-ended double-stranded RNA. RNA binding occurred in the absence of NTP (ATP, GTP, CTP or UTP), whereas dissociation of bound RNA occurred only in the presence of NTP. RNA duplex unwinding (helicase) activity of the enzyme was demonstrated in the presence of any of the above four NTPs using partially double-stranded RNA duplexes with 3' single-stranded overhangs. We propose that the cytoplasmic inclusion protein of tamarillo mosaic virus is an RNA helicase, which translocates in the 3' to 5' direction in an energy-dependent manner, unwinding double-stranded regions.
A simple lateral force sensing technique for near-field micropattern generation (1993)

We present a simple and general purpose implementation for monitoring the lateral forces between a near-field optical probe and a surface. A feedback system based on this technique has been incorporated into a near-field optical fabrication system based on heatless material removal with an argon fluoride excimer laser. This has allowed the construction of an instrument that is capable of directly patterning a wide variety of materials with a resolution of less than 50 nm.
Impulse noise cancellation in OFDM: an application of compressed sensing (2008)

We use recently developed convex programming techniques to reconstruct arbitrary sparse signals observed through projections onto a small-dimensional space in background noise in order to estimate and remove impulsive noise in an OFDM system. We develop deterministic construction of projection matrices that provably guarantee reconstruction with high probability. Finally, we compare the achievable rate using our novel method with some simple capacity lower and upper bounds and with the recently obtained capacity of the Gaussian erasure channel. For practical impulse probability the proposed scheme appears to be competitive. This scheme may find some application in DSL and powerline communications, where transmission is typically affected by intersymbol interference, Gaussian noise and impulsive noise.
Multiple insertion/deletion correcting codes (2002)

The binary number theoretic single bit insertion or deletion correcting codes as pioneered by Levenshtein (1965) are investigated and some properties are presented. By extending these properties we present a generalized construction technique for binary codes that are able to correct multiple insertions/deletions of binary symbols.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Porous Solids by Design: [Zn(4,4′‐bpy)2(SiF6)]n·xDMF, a Single Framework Octahedral Coordination Polymer with Large Square Channels (1995)

Abstract For corrigendum see DOI: 10.1002/anie.199525611
Odorant‐binding‐protein subfamilies associate with distinct classes of olfactory receptor neurons in insects (1991)

The olfactory receptors of terrestrial animals exist in an aqueous environment, yet detect odorants that are primarily hydrophobic. The aqueous solubility of hydrophobic odorants is thought to be greatly enhanced via odorant binding proteins (OBP) which exist in the extracellular fluid surrounding the odorant receptors. We have isolated and partially sequenced 14 candidate OBPs from six insect (moth) species. All 14 represent a single homologous family based on conserved sequence domains. The 14 proteins can be divided into three subfamilies based on differences in tissue specific expression and similarities in amino acid sequences. All 14 proteins are specifically expressed in antennal olfactory tissue. Subfamily I represents previously described pheromone binding proteins (PBP), which are male-specific, associate with pheromone-sensitive neurons, and are highly variable in their sequences when compared among species. Subfamilies II and III are expressed in both male and female antennae, appear to associate with general-odorant-sensitive neurons, and are highly conserved when compared among species. The properties of the subfamily II and III proteins suggest these are general-odorant binding proteins (GOBP). The properties of the respective insect OBP subfamilies suggest that they have different odorant binding specificities. The association of different insect OBP subfamilies with distinct classes of olfactory neurons having different odorant specificities suggests that OBPs can act as selective signal filters, peripheral to the actual receptor proteins.
Association of the Yeast Pheromone Response G Protein βγ Subunits with the Map Kinase Scaffold Ste5p (1995)

The mating response pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae includes a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) that activates a mitogen-activated protein MAP kinase cascade by an unknown mechanism. An amino-terminal fragment of the MAP kinase scaffold protein Ste5p that interfered with pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest was identified. A haploid-specific interaction between the amino terminus of Ste5p and the G protein beta subunit Ste4p was also detected in a two-hybrid assay, and the product of a signaling-defective allele of STE4 was defective in this interaction. In cells with a constitutively activated pheromone response pathway, epitope-tagged Ste4p was coimmunoprecipitated with Ste5p. Thus, association of the G protein and the MAP kinase cassette via the scaffolding protein Ste5p may transmit the G protein signal.
Expression and activation of the nerve growth factor receptor TrkA in serous ovarian carcinoma. (2003)

Coexpression of NGF with molecules involved in angiogenesis and p-TrkA expression in endothelial cells suggest that the proangiogenic role attributed to NGF in vitro and in vivo may be relevant in clinical cancer. Expression of p85-PARP as a marker of apoptosis and cytoplasmic expression of TrkA (probably representing nonglycosylated receptor) predict better outcome, whereas p-TrkA activation correlates with poor outcome in advanced stage serous ovarian carcinoma.
In Search of the Trauma Memory: A Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Symptom Provocation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (2013)

Notwithstanding some discrepancy between results from neuroimaging studies of symptom provocation in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there is broad agreement as to the neural circuit underlying this disorder. It is thought to be characterized by an exaggerated amygdalar and decreased medial prefrontal activation to which the elevated anxiety state and concomitant inadequate emotional regulation are attributed. However, the proposed circuit falls short of accounting for the main symptom, unique among anxiety disorders to PTSD, namely, reexperiencing the precipitating event in the form of recurrent, distressing images and recollections. Owing to the technical demands, neuroimaging studies are usually carried out with small sample sizes. A meta-analysis of their findings is more likely to cast light on the involved cortical areas. Coordinate-based meta-analyses employing ES-SDM (Effect Size Signed Differential Mapping) were carried out on 19 studies with 274 PTSD patients. Thirteen of the studies included 145 trauma-exposed control participants. Comparisons between reactions to trauma-related stimuli and a control condition and group comparison of reactions to the trauma-related stimuli were submitted to meta-analysis. Compared to controls and the neutral condition, PTSD patients showed significant activation of the mid-line retrosplenial cortex and precuneus in response to trauma-related stimuli. These midline areas have been implicated in self-referential processing and salient autobiographical memory. PTSD patients also evidenced hyperactivation of the pregenual/anterior cingulate gyrus and bilateral amygdala to trauma-relevant, compared to neutral, stimuli. Patients showed significantly less activation than controls in sensory association areas such as the bilateral temporal gyri and extrastriate area which may indicate that the patients' attention was diverted from the presented stimuli by being focused on the elicited trauma memory. Being involved in associative learning and priming, the retrosplenial cortex may have an important function in relation to trauma memory, in particular, the intrusive reexperiencing of the traumatic event.
Secretory anti-Giardia lamblia antibodies in human milk: protective effect against diarrhea. (1994)

The amount of anti-Giardia sIgA in human milk was associated with prevention of symptoms of diarrhea due to Giardia, but not with acquisition of the organism.
Subband encoding of high dynamic range imagery (2006)

The transition from traditional 24-bit RGB to high dynamic range (HDR) images is hindered by excessively large file formats with no backwards compatibility. In this paper, we propose a simple approach to HDR encoding that parallels the evolution of color television from its grayscale beginnings. A tone-mapped version of each HDR original is accompanied by restorative information carried in a subband of a standard 24-bit RGB format. This subband contains a compressed ratio image, which when multiplied by the tone-mapped foreground, recovers the HDR original. The tone-mapped image data may be compressed, permitting the composite to be delivered in a standard JPEG wrapper. To naive software, the image looks like any other, and displays as a tone-mapped version of the original. To HDRenabled software, the foreground image is merely a tone-mapping suggestion, as the original pixel data are available by decoding the information in the subband. We present specifics of the method and the results of encoding a series of synthetic and natural HDR images, using various published global and local tone-mapping operators to generate the foreground images. Errors are visible in only a very small percentage of the pixels after decoding, and the technique requires only a modest amount of additional space for the subband data, independent of image size.
Purification and some properties of a monoacylglycerol-hydrolyzing enzyme of rat adipose tissue. (1976)

A monoacylglycerol-hydrolyzing enzyme has been purified 2500-fold from rat adipose tissue. The key step was the solubilization of the enzyme, presumably as an enzyme-detergent complex, by sonication with a nonionic polyoxyethylene alcohol detergent. The purification was achieved by ion exchange and gel chromatography, and isoelectric focusing, in the presence of detergent. By sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis the enzyme protein was more than 85% pure. This method indicated a minimum molecular weight of 32,900. The preliminary amino acid composition, excluding tryptophan, could best be fitted with a value of 31,800. The purified enzyme had a pI of 7.2, an estimated Stokes radius of 39 A by gel chromatography and a pH optimum of 8.0. Enzyme stability was highly dependent on presence of detergent and free sulfhydryl groups. The enzyme was responsible for the main monoacylglycerol- but only a small part of the p-nitrophenylacetate-hydrolyzing activity of crude adipose tissue extracts and hydrolyzed 1(3)- and 2-monooleoylglycerol at equal rates. Under the assay conditions used it did not catalyze the hydrolysis of emulsified trioleoylglycerol, micellar or emulsified dioleoylglycerol, emulsified cholesterol oleate or micellar lysophosphatidylcholine. It is possible that the enzyme may be a specific monoacylglycerol hydrolase.