gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress Induction and Mitochondrial Localization of Oxr1 Proteins in Yeast and Humans (2004)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical molecules produced as a consequence of aerobic respiration. It is essential for cells to control the production and activity of such molecules in order to protect the genome and regulate cellular processes such as stress response and apoptosis. Mitochondria are the major source of ROS within the cell, and as a result, numerous proteins have evolved to prevent or repair oxidative damage in this organelle. The recently discovered OXR1 gene family represents a set of conserved eukaryotic genes. Previous studies of the yeast OXR1 gene indicate that it functions to protect cells from oxidative damage. In this report, we show that human and yeast OXR1 genes are induced by heat and oxidative stress and that their proteins localize to the mitochondria and function to protect against oxidative damage. We also demonstrate that mitochondrial localization is required for Oxr1 protein to prevent oxidative damage.
Endothelial Dysfunction in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2002)

Endothelial dysfunction is defined as the loss of endothelium properties, e.g. alteration of protein synthesis, increased vascular tone and permeability, acquisition of prothrombotic and antifibrinolytic properties. Endothelium, a primary target of unbalanced glycaemic control, is involved in the pathogenesis of vascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Vascular endothelium damage is characterised by an increase of endothelium-derived regulatory proteins. vWF and t-PA may be useful to investigate early endothelium involvement. However, impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation may be a more sensitive marker. Abnormal markers of endothelial cell activation and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation have been observed in young patients with type I DM. Hyperglycaemia may alter normal endothelium functions, either directly or indirectly, by inducing different metabolic pathways. Complete understanding of the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction may lead to timely therapeutic intervention to prevent its development and to slow the progression of diabetic complications.
Tunable passband flattened 1-from-16 binary-tree structured add-after-drop multiplexer using SiON waveguide technology (2000)

A tunable, flat-passband, 1-from-16 add/drop multiplexer for wavelength-division-multiplexing networks is presented. The device is realized in high-index-contrast silicon-oxynitride waveguide technology and is based on cascaded resonant coupler alters in the form of a mirrored binary tree. Tunability is obtained using the thermo-optic effect. The isolation of the transit channels at the drop port is better than 18 dB, and the rejection of the drop channel at the output port is 26 dB.
Comparison of gene expression profiles between human and mouse monocyte subsets (2009)

Blood of both humans and mice contains 2 main monocyte subsets. Here, we investigated the extent of their similarity using a microarray approach. Approximately 270 genes in humans and 550 genes in mice were differentially expressed between subsets by 2-fold or more. More than 130 of these gene expression differences were conserved between mouse and human monocyte subsets. We confirmed numerous of these differences at the cell surface protein level. Despite overall conservation, some molecules were conversely expressed between the 2 species' subsets, including CD36, CD9, and TREM-1. Other differences included a prominent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) signature in mouse monocytes, which is absent in humans, and strikingly opposed patterns of receptors involved in uptake of apoptotic cells and other phagocytic cargo between human and mouse monocyte subsets. Thus, whereas human and mouse monocyte subsets are far more broadly conserved than currently recognized, important differences between the species deserve consideration when models of human disease are studied in mice.
X‐ray irradiation and Rho‐kinase inhibitor additively induce invasiveness of the cells of the pancreatic cancer line, MIAPaCa‐2, which exhibits mesenchymal and amoeboid motility (2011)

Tumor cells can migrate and invade tissue by two modes of motility: mesenchymal and amoeboid. X-ray or γ-ray irradiation increases the invasiveness of tumor cells with mesenchymal motility through the induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and this increase is suppressed by MMP inhibitors (MMPI). However, the effects of X-ray or γ-ray irradiation on the invasiveness of tumor cells with amoeboid motility remain unclear. We investigated the effect of irradiation on amoeboid motility by using cells of the human pancreatic cancer line, MIAPaCa-2, which exhibits both modes of motility. The X-ray-induced invasiveness of MIAPaCa-2 cells was associated with the upregulation of MMP2 at both the RNA and protein levels and was inhibited by MMPI treatment. Amoeboid-mesenchymal transition was slightly induced after irradiation. The MMPI treatment caused mesenchymal-amoeboid transition without significant increase in invasiveness, while the ROCK inhibitor (ROCKI) stimulated amoeboid-mesenchymal transition and enhanced invasiveness under both non-irradiated and irradiated conditions. This ROCKI-induced transition was accompanied by the upregulation of MMP2 mRNA and protein. Exposure to both irradiation and ROCKI further enhanced MMP2 expression and had an additive effect on the invasiveness of MIAPaCa-2 cells. Additionally, exposure to MMPI led to significant suppression of both radiation-induced and the basal invasiveness of MIAPaCa-2 cells. This suggests that ROCKI treatment, especially with concomitant X-ray irradiation, can induce invasion of cancer cells and should be used only for certain types of cancer cells. Simultaneous use of inhibitors, ROCKI and MMPI may be effective in suppressing invasiveness under both X-ray-irradiated and non-irradiated conditions.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex from Chloroplasts of Pisum sativum L (1979)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is associated with intact chloroplasts and mitochondria of 9-day-old Pisum sativum L. seedlings. The ratio of the mitochondrial complex to the chloroplast complex activities is about 3 to 1. Maximal rates observed for chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity ranged from 6 to 9 micromoles of NADH produced per milligram of chlorophyll per hour. Osmotic rupture of pea chloroplasts released 88% of the complex activity, indicating that chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a stromal complex. The pH optimum for chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was between 7.8 and 8.2, whereas the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex had a pH optimum between 7.3 and 7.7. Chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was specific for pyruvate, dependent upon coenzyme A and NAD and partially dependent upon Mg(2+) and thiamine pyrophosphate.Chloroplast-associated pyruvate dehydrogenase complex provides a direct link between pyruvate metabolism and chloroplast fatty acid biosynthesis by providing the substrate, acetyl-CoA, necessary for membrane development in young plants.
A Novel Capacitive Sensing Principle for Microdevices (2015)

Conventional capacitive sensing places significant limitations on the sensor design due to the pull-in instability caused by the electrostatic force. The main purpose of this study is to examine a low-cost novel capacitive sensing principle based on electrostatic balance which promises to avoid these design limitations. The approach uses an asymmetric electric field on a structure with fingers that can generate a repulsive force while the gap is low and create an attractive force while the gap is large. The size and thickness of the fingers are also responsible for creating repulsive or attractive forces on the structure. This approach has recently been applied successfully in the design of capacitive actuators to provide a repulsive driving force. A new design principle for capacitive sensing is described that avoids pull-in instability by designing the fingers such that the structure is at the equilibrium.
Photosensitization of optical fiber and silica-on-silicon/silica waveguides (1993)

Localized heating with a flame is shown to be a simple and effective method for substantially augmenting the photosensitivity of high-silica optical waveguides to (UV) light. The method increases the photosensitivity of standard (Ge-doped core) telecommunications fiber by a factor greater than 10 (photoinduced Deltan(uv) > 10(-3)) and renders strongly photosensitive the cores of high-quality Ge:SiO(2)-on-Si and Ge:SiO(2)-on-SiO(2) planar waveguides that were negligibly photosensitive before treatment. We have written large-modulation-depth Bragg gratings, in both fiber and planar optical waveguides photosensitized by our method, using KrF (249-nm) radiation incident upon the waveguides through a zero-order-nulled phase mask. It is noteworthy that photosensitization by our method is achieved with a negligible increase in loss at the three principal optical communication windows.
Protein refolding using chemical refolding additives (2012)

In laboratories and manufacturing settings, a rapid and inexpensive method for the preparation of a target protein is crucial for promoting resesrach in protein science and engineering. Inclusion-body-based protein production is a promising method because high yields are achieved in the upstream process, although the refolding of solubilized, unfolded proteins in downstream processes often leads to significantly lower yields. The most challenging problem is that the effective condition for refolding is protein dependent and is therefore difficult to select in a rational manner. Accordingly, considerable time and expense using trial-and-error approaches are often needed to increase the final protein yield. Furthermore, for certain target proteins, finding suitable conditions to achieve an adequate yield cannot be obtained by existing methods. Therefore, to convert such a troublesome refolding process into a routine one, a wide array of methods based on novel technologies and materials have been developed. These methods select refolding conditions where productive refolding dominates over unproductive aggregation in competitive refolding reactions. This review focuses on synthetic refolding additives and describes the concepts underlying the development of reported chemical additives or chemical-additive-based methods that contribute to the emergence of a universal refolding method.
Moderne benchmarking tjekker flere ting på en gang (2014)

Ny metode kan på en og samme tid sammenligne mange input som løn, foder og maskiner med mange output som værdien af mælk, kød og korn.
The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) Classification System: An INRG Task Force Report (2008)

By defining homogenous pretreatment patient cohorts, the INRG classification system will greatly facilitate the comparison of risk-based clinical trials conducted in different regions of the world and the development of international collaborative studies.
A Potentiometric Study of the Cu(2+)--4(5)-Hydroxymethylimidazole System in 0.1 M NaClO4 Medium. (1985)

Formation des complexes mononucleaires CuL n 2+ (n=1, 2, 3 et 4) et des complexes hydroxo Cu(OH)L + , Cu(OH)L 3 + et Cu(OH) 2 L 2 . Constantes de stabilite
The Multisubstrate Docking Site of the MET Receptor Is Dispensable for MET-mediated RAS Signaling and Cell Scattering (1999)

The scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor regulates scattering and morphogenesis of epithelial cells through activation of the MET tyrosine kinase receptor. In particular, the noncatalytic C-terminal tail of MET contains two autophosphorylation tyrosine residues, which form a multisubstrate-binding site for several cytoplasmic effectors and are thought to be essential for signal transduction. We show here that a MET receptor mutated on the four C-terminal tyrosine residues, Y1311F, Y1347F, Y1354F, and Y1363F, can induce efficiently a transcriptional response and cell scattering, whereas it cannot induce cell morphogenesis. Although the mutated receptor had lost its ability to recruit and/or activate known signaling molecules, such as GRB2, SHC, GAB1, and PI3K, by using a sensitive association-kinase assay we found that the mutated receptor can still associate and phosphorylate a approximately 250-kDa protein. By further examining signal transduction mediated by the mutated MET receptor, we established that it can transmit efficient RAS signaling and that cell scattering by the mutated MET receptor could be inhibited by a pharmacological inhibitor of the MEK-ERK (MAP kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway. We propose that signal transduction by autophosphorylation of the C-terminal tyrosine residues is not the sole mechanism by which the activated MET receptor can transmit RAS signaling and cell scattering.
Adhesion between a Polymer Brush and an Elastomer:  A Self-Consistent Mean Field Model (1996)

The penetration of a polymeric brush into a cross-linked elastomer (chemically identical to the brush) is discussed theoretically, using a self-consistent mean field theory. The details of the microscopic interfacial structure of the system (thickness of the brush, free energy, profiles of elastomer and grafted chain volume fractions, distribution of free chain ends, and interdigitation length of the brush into the elastomer) are obtained. These results allow one to calculate the adhesion energy between a brush and an elastomer and to revisit the model of Brochard-Wyart et al. [J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 98, 9405]. The predictions of the new model are compared with some recent experimental reports (Creton et al. Macromolecules 1994 , 27, 3174).
A 1-Mbit MRAM based on 1T1MTJ bit cell integrated with copper interconnects (2003)

A low-power 1-Mb magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) based on a one-transistor and one-magnetic tunnel junction (1T1MTJ) bit cell is demonstrated. This is the largest MRAM memory demonstration to date. In this circuit, the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) elements are integrated with CMOS using copper interconnect technology. The copper interconnects are cladded with a high-permeability layer which is used to focus magnetic flux generated by current flowing through the lines toward the MTJ devices and reduce the power needed for programming. The 25-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 1-Mb MRAM circuit operates with address access times of less than 50 ns, consuming 24 mW at 3.0 V and 20 MHz. The 1-Mb MRAM circuit is fabricated in a 0.6-μm CMOS process utilizing five layers of metal and two layers of poly.
Sex pheromone biosynthetic pathways are conserved between moths and the butterfly Bicyclus anynana (2014)

Although phylogenetically nested within the moths, butterflies have diverged extensively in a number of life history traits. Whereas moths rely greatly on chemical signals, visual advertisement is the hallmark of mate finding in butterflies. In the context of courtship, however, male chemical signals are widespread in both groups although they likely have multiple evolutionary origins. Here, we report that in males of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana, courtship scents are produced de novo via biosynthetic pathways shared with females of many moth species. We show that two of the pheromone components that play a major role in mate choice, namely the (Z)-9-tetradecenol and hexadecanal, are produced through the activity of a fatty acyl Δ11-desaturase and two specialized alcohol-forming fatty acyl reductases. Our study provides the first evidence of conservation and sharing of ancestral genetic modules for the production of FA-derived pheromones over a long evolutionary timeframe thereby reconciling mate communication in moths and butterflies.
A review of novel dental caries preventive material: Casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP) complex (2013)

A paradigm shift is emerging in dentistry and dental treatments are now aimed at maximum conservation of tooth structure. It is nowadays considered an ethical duty of a dentist to provide their patients with minimally invasive treatment. Remineralization therapy is preferred in cases, where there is a chance of gaining success by preventive methods. Many novel caries preventive materials are now available in the market which contain components that have the ability to initiate remineralization. One such component which is caries preventive and is present in many dental materials is Casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP).
17beta-estradiol inhibits endothelin-1 production and attenuates cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. (2006)

Though cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been recognized for over half a century, it remains a major complication in patients with SAH. Clinical studies have shown that elevated levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) are present in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with SAH, suggesting that ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction contributes to vascular constriction after SAH. Administration of estrogen promotes vasodilation in humans and in experimental animals, in part by decreasing the production of ET-1. This study evaluated the influence of 17beta-estradiol (E2) on the production of ET-1 and cerebrovasospasm in an experimental SAH 2-hemorrhage model in rat. A 30-mm Silastic tube filled with E2 in corn oil (0.3 mg/ml) was subcutaneously implanted in male rats just before SAH induction. The degree of vasospasm was determined by averaging the cross-sectional areas of basilar artery 7 days after first SAH. Plasma samples collected before death were assayed for ET-1. The protective effect of E2 in attenuating vasospasm achieved statistical significance when compared with the SAH only or SAH plus vehicle groups (P < 0.01). Concentrations of ET-1 were higher in the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups than in controls (P < 0.001). Serum levels of ET-1 in the SAH plus E2 and E2 only groups were significantly lower than those in the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between ET-1 levels in the healthy control and SAH plus E2 groups. A significant correlation was found between the cross-sectional areas of basilar artery and ET-1 levels (P < 0.001). The beneficial effect of E2 in attenuating SAH-induced vasospasm may be due in part to decreasing ET-1 production after SAH. The role of E2 in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after SAH is promising and is worthy of further investigation.
Encapsulation of Exenatide in Poly-( d,l -Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Microspheres Produced an Investigational Long-Acting Once-Weekly Formulation for Type 2 Diabetes (2011)

Exenatide once-weekly (EQW [2 mg s.c.]) is under development as monotherapy as an adjunct to diet and exercise or as a combination therapy with an oral antidiabetes drug(s) in adults with type 2 diabetes. This long-acting formulation contains the active ingredient of the original exenatide twice-daily (EBID) formulation encapsulated in 0.06-mm-diameter microspheres of medical-grade poly-(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG). After mechanical suspension and subcutaneous injection by the patient, EQW microspheres hydrate in situ and adhere to one another to form an amalgam. A small amount of loosely bound surface exenatide, typically less than 1%, releases in the first few hours, whereas drug located in deeper interstices diffuses out more slowly (time to maximum, ~2 weeks). Fully encapsulated exenatide (i.e., drug initially inaccessible to diffusion) releases over a still longer period (time to maximum, ~7 weeks) as the PLG matrix hydrolyzes into lactic acid and glycolic acid, which are subsequently eliminated as carbon dioxide and water. For EQW, plasma exenatide concentrations reach the therapeutic range by 2 weeks and steady state by 6-7 weeks. This gradual approach to steady state seems to improve tolerability, as nausea is less frequent with EQW than EBID. EQW administrations may be associated with palpable skin nodules that generally resolve without further medical intervention. In comparative trials, EQW improved hemoglobin A1c more than EBID, sitagliptin, pioglitazone, or insulin glargine and reduced fasting plasma glucose more than EBID. Weight loss due to EQW or EBID was similar. EQW is the first glucose-lowering agent that is administered once weekly.
Isolation of human minisatellite loci detected by synthetic tandem repeat probes: direct comparison with cloned DNA fingerprinting probes (1992)

As a direct comparison with cloned 'DNA fingerprinting' probes, we present the results of screening an ordered array Charomid library for hypervariable human loci using synthetic tandem repeat (STR) probes. By recording the coordinates of positive hybridization signals, the subset of clones within the library detected by each STR probe can be defined, and directly compared with the set of clones detected by naturally occurring (cloned) DNA fingerprinting probes. The STR probes vary in the efficiency of detection of polymorphic minisatellite loci; among the more efficient probes, there is a strong overlap with the sets of clones detected by the DNA fingerprinting probes. Four new polymorphic loci were detected by one or more of the STR probes but not by any of the naturally occurring repeats. Sequence comparisons with the probe(s) used to detect the locus suggest that a relatively poor match, for example 10 out of 14 bases in a limited region of each repeat, is sufficient for the positive detection of tandem repeats in a clone in this type of library screening by hybridization. These results not only provide a detailed evaluation of the usefulness of STR probes in the isolation of highly variable loci, but also suggest strategies for the use of these multi-locus probes in screening libraries for clones from hypervariable loci.
Interactive 3-DTV-Concepts and Key Technologies (2006)

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview about recent trends in the area of three-dimensional television (3-DTV). This includes the application of new 3-D data representation formats, which are inherently interactive and more flexible than the traditional (two-view) stereoscopic image. In this context, we describe an experimental 3-DTV system that is based on the joint distribution of monoscopic color video and associated per-pixel depth information. From these data, one or more “virtual” views of a real-world scene can be synthesized in real-time at the receiver side (i.e., in a 3-DTV set-top box) by means of so-called depth-image-based rendering (DIBR) techniques. In addition, the paper provides details on the latest advances in glasses-free (autostereoscopic) 3-DTV display development, both for single and multiple users, as well as on multimodel user interfaces based on head, gaze, or gesture tracking.