gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mice Deficient for the Multiple Drug Resistance Gene, mdr1a, Spontaneously Develop Colitis (1998)

The murine multiple drug resistance (mdr) gene, mdr1a, encodes a 170-kDa transmembrane protein that is expressed in many tissues including intestinal epithelial cells, a subset of lymphoid cells and hematopoietic cells. We report that mdr1a knockout (mdr1a-/-) mice are susceptible to developing a severe, spontaneous intestinal inflammation when maintained under specific pathogen-free animal facility conditions. The intestinal inflammation seen in mdr1a-/- mice has a pathology similar to that of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is defined by dysregulated epithelial cell growth and leukocytic infiltration into the lamina propria of the large intestine. Treating mdr1a-/- mice with oral antibiotics can both prevent the development of disease and resolve active inflammation. Lymphoid cells isolated from mice with active colitis are functionally reactive to intestinal bacterial Ags, providing evidence that there is enhanced immunologic responsiveness to the normal bacterial flora during IBD. This study is the first description of spontaneous colitis in a gene knockout mouse with an apparently intact immune system. This novel model of spontaneous colitis may provide new insight into the pathogenesis of IBD, the nature of dysregulated immune reactivity to intestinal bacterial Ags, and the potential functional role of mdr genes expressed in the cells and tissues of the colonic microenvironment.
Supporting fine-grained data lineage in a database visualization environment (2002)

The lineage of a datum records its processing history. Because such information can be used to trace the source of anomalies and errors in processed data sets, it is valuable to users for a variety of applications, including the investigation of anomalies and debugging. Traditional data lineage approaches rely on metadata. However, metadata does not scale well to fine-grained lineage, especially in large data sets. For example, it is not feasible to store all of the information that is necessary to trace from a specific floating-point value in a processed data set to a particular satellite image pixel in a source data set. In this paper, we propose a novel method to support fine-grained data lineage. Rather than relying on metadata, our approach lazily computes the lineage using a limited amount of information about the processing operators and the base data. We introduce the notions of weak inversion and verification. While our system does not perfectly invert the data, it uses weak inversion and verification to provide a number of guarantees about the lineage it generates. We propose a design for the implementation of weak inversion and verification in an object-relational database management system.
Differences in Structural Characteristics and Eu(III) Complexation for Molecular Size Fractionated Humic Acid (2001)

A humic acid(HA, Aldrich Co) sample was subjected to ultrafiltration for molecular size fractionation and three fractions of different nominal size(: 1,000-10,000 daltons; : 10,000-50,000 daltons; : 100,000-300,000 daltons) were obtained. The structural characteristics of the size-fractionated HA were analyzed using their IR and solid state C-13 NMR spectral data, and the carboxylate group contents of the humic acids were determined using their pH titration data. The excitation spectra of Eu(III) complexes of the size-fractionated mgHA in aqueous solution were acquired(, ) at pH 5.0 using a pulsed tunable laser system, in which metal binding properties of the size-fractionated HA were elucidated and compared on another. Characterization of the IR and C-13 NMR spectral data indicated that the fraction() with molecules of larger size were primarily aliphatic, while the fractions(, ) with smaller molecules of less than 50,000 daltons were predominantly aromatic. Titration data were consistent with an increase in the number of carboxylate groups per unit mass as molecular size became smaller. The excitation spectral data of Eu(III)-humate complexes showed that the peak maxima on these spectra were shifted toward lower energies with increasing molecular size of HA, indicating the higher degree of bindings of the Eu in the molecules of larger size. We also discussed the relationship of the lower energy shifts of the maximum peaks with increasing the molecular size of HA with the structural differences of the size-fractionated HA.
Konark: a system and protocols for device independent, peer-to-peer discovery and delivery of mobile services (2003)

The proliferation of mobile devices and the pervasiveness of wireless technology have provided a major impetus to replicate the network-based service discovery technologies in wireless and mobile networks. However, existing service discovery protocols and delivery mechanisms designed for traditional infrastructure-based networks fall short of accommodating the complexities of the ad hoc environment. Konark is a service discovery and delivery protocol designed specifically for ad hoc, peer-to-peer networks, and targeted toward device-independent services in general and m-commerce oriented software services in particular. It has two major aspects-service discovery and service delivery. For discovery, Konark uses a novel decentralized, peer-to-peer mechanism that provides each device the ability to advertise and discover services in an efficient way. The approach toward service description is XML-based. It includes a description template that allows services to be described in a human and software understandable forms. A micro-HTTP server present on each device handles service delivery, which is based on SOAP. Konark provides a framework for connecting isolated services offered by proximal pervasive devices over a wireless medium.
Sliding-mode control system for the three-axis attitude control of rigid-body spacecraft with unknown dynamics parameters (1991)

Sliding-mode control is shown to be an advantageous new approach to the three-axis attitude control of rigid-body spacecraft in which accurate pre-launch estimation of the dynamics parameters is unnecessary. The control-system accuracy is shown to depend almost entirely on the attitude-measurement system, control-actuator misalignments and scale-factor errors being permitted. If the control actuators are operated in hot redundance, actuator failures are permitted while guaranteeing uninterrupted service from the control system. Extreme stiffness is also presented to disturbance torques. Continuous control actuators are assumed. Control smoothing integrators, introduced to facilitate continuous control action with negligible limit cycling, are treated as part of the controlled plant by including the three angular acceleration components in the state feedback. Closed-loop response independent of the dynamics parameters for a demanded attitude may be designed via pole assignment. The new ideal multivariate control system eliminates closed-loop inter-axis coupling. The above performance depends upon sliding motion being maintained, which can be guaranteed within a realistic operating region of the state-space once extreme values of the dynamics parameters are known. Simulation results of slewing manoeuvres are given, including an actuator failure and the response to a disturbance torque. Two sets of spacecraft dynamics parameters, applicable before and after a docking manoeuvre, are included to demonstrate the plant parameter invariance. The control system is also shown by simulation to be tolerant of control saturation when operated beyond the state excursions for which it is designed.
The winged helix/forkhead transcription factor Foxq1 regulates differentiation of hair in satin mice (2001)

Satin (sa) homozygous mice have a silky coat with high sheen arising from structurally abnormal medulla cells and defects in differentiation of the hair shaft. We demonstrate that the winged helix/forkhead transcription factor, Foxq1 (Forkhead box, subclass q, member 1) is mutant in sa mice. An intragenic deletion was identified in the radiation-induced satin mutant of the SB/Le inbred strain; a second allele, identified by an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen, has a missense mutation in the conserved winged helix DNA-binding domain. Homozygous mutants of the two alleles are indistinguishable. We show that Foxq1 is expressed during embryogenesis and exhibits a tissue-restricted expression pattern in adult tissues. The hair defects appear to be restricted to the inner structures of the hair; consequently, Foxq1 has a unique and distinct function involved in differentiation and development of the hair shaft. Despite an otherwise healthy appearance, satin mice have been reported to exhibit suppressed NK-cell function and alloimmune cytotoxic T-cell function. We show instead that the immune defects are attributable to genetic background differences.
CRYSTALLINE SURFACE LAYERS ON BACTERIA (1983)

INTRODUCI'ION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 1 LOCATION OF CRYSTALLINE LAYERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 2 ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 14 ISOLATION PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 SELF-ASSEMBLY, RECRYSTALLIZATION, AND REATTACHMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 SYNTHESIS AND MORPHOGENESIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 FUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Functions Depending on Pore Size .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. . .. . .. 331 Other Protective Functions 332 MorphogE'netic Functions 332 CONCLUDING REMARKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Blockade of Allergic Airway Inflammation Following Systemic Treatment with a B7-Dendritic Cell (PD-L2) Cross-Linking Human Antibody (2004)

We present a novel immunotherapeutic strategy using a human B7-DC cross-linking Ab that prevents lung inflammation, airway obstruction, and hyperreactivity to allergen in a mouse model of allergic inflammatory airway disease. Dendritic cells (DC) have the ability to skew the immune response toward a Th1 or Th2 polarity. The sHIgM12 Ab functions in vitro by cross-linking the costimulatory family molecule B7-DC (PD-L2) on DC up-regulating IL-12 production, homing to lymph nodes, and T cell-activating potential of these APCs. Using chicken OVA as a model Ag, the administration of sHIgM12 Ab to BALB/c mice blocked lung inflammation, airway pathology, and responsiveness to methacholine, even after animals were presensitized and a Th2-polarized immune response was established. This therapeutic strategy was ineffective in STAT4-deficient animals, indicating that IL-12 production is critical in this system. Moreover, the polarity of the immune response upon in vitro restimulation with Ag is changed in wild-type mice, with a resulting decrease in Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 and an increase in the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10. These studies demonstrate that the immune response of hypersensitized responders can be modulated using B7-DC cross-linking Abs, preventing allergic airway disease upon re-exposure to allergen.
Signaling of Cell Fate Decisions by CLAVATA3 in Arabidopsis Shoot Meristems (1999)

In higher plants, organogenesis occurs continuously from self-renewing apical meristems. Arabidopsis thaliana plants with loss-of-function mutations in the CLAVATA (CLV1, 2, and 3) genes have enlarged meristems and generate extra floral organs. Genetic analysis indicates that CLV1, which encodes a receptor kinase, acts with CLV3 to control the balance between meristem cell proliferation and differentiation. CLV3 encodes a small, predicted extracellular protein. CLV3 acts nonautonomously in meristems and is expressed at the meristem surface overlying the CLV1 domain. These proteins may act as a ligand-receptor pair in a signal transduction pathway, coordinating growth between adjacent meristematic regions.
Precision time-transfer in transport networks using digital crossconnect systems (2003)

The authors describe a technique for precise synchronization of the time-of-delay clocks in networks of digital cross-connect systems (DCS), intended to enhance the performance of reconfigurable transport networks. The method is specifically devised to exploit the fine time resolution of the carrier signals to which a DCS has direct access. The resulting scheme is a master-slave, multisite, implicitly-delay-compensated, nonhierarchical time-transfer method with a theoretical precision of one bit time at the carrier rate. A worst-case estimate of delay asymmetry (including jitter effects) suggests that time-transfer error of under one microsecond should be obtainable. The method is most easily supported by an n/n space-switching DCS which has equal delay on all paths through its core and has a bridging connection feature. A circuit module for DCS hardware support of the time-transfer function is outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cross-Coupling of Cyclopropyl- and Cyclobutyltrifluoroborates with Aryl and Heteroaryl Chlorides (2008)

Suitable conditions were found for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of potassium cyclopropyl- and cyclobutyltrifluoroborates with aryl chlorides. Both of these secondary alkyl trifluoroborates coupled in moderate to excellent yield with electron-rich, electron-poor, and hindered aryl chlorides to give a variety of substituted aryl cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes.
Evaluation of Elastic Matching System for Anatomic (CT, MR) and Functional (PET) Cerebral Images (1989)

To evaluate the performance of our elastic matching system, we have created a digitized atlas from the brain of a normal young man, using 135 myelin-stained sections at 700 microns spacing. Software was written to enter and edit regional anatomic contours, which were stacked and aligned to create a three-dimensional atlas. We then evaluated the matching system by comparing computer generated contours with expert defined contours for several subcortical structures, based on CT scans from six neurologically normal patients. The error in positioning, as defined by the distance between the centers of gravity, averaged 4.2 mm for the computer and 1.7 mm for the worst expert's reading, with the computer drawn region frequently inscribed within that of the expert. Comparison was also made for each structure by determining the volume of overlap and the volumes not overlapping. On average, the computer's agreement with the experts was approximately 20% less than the agreement among the experts. This was a preliminary test of the system using only subcortical structures. The results are promising, and techniques are being implemented to overcome the current deficiencies.
A new context: Screen to face distance (2014)

Most would agree: human vision is the most important of the five senses. Tragically many elderly people lose their vision due to incurable diseases which could have been avoided if diagnosed early enough. Fortunately some of these diseases can be diagnosed or at least have their symptoms detected with the use of simple tests. The use of smartphone or tablet applications have become common for these tests, so eye diseases can be detected early and even at home. However, none of the smartphone or tablet applications considers the screen to face distance of a person doing an eye test to be an important parameter for these sorts of tests. In this paper we present an algorithm to derive a new context: the smartphone user's screen to face distance. Our algorithm utilizes the smartphone front camera and an eye detection algorithm. After initializing the algorithm with person specific values, the algorithm continuously measures the eye to eye distance to derive the user's actual screen to face distance. We also present an investigation on the algorithm accuracy and speed, which shows: a smartphone based screen to face distance measurement is possible in the distance range from 19cm to 94cm with a maximum deviation of 2.1cm and at a rate of three distance measurements per second.
Energetics of syntrophic fatty acid oxidation (1994)

Fatty acids are key intermediates in methanogenic degradation of organic matter in sediments as well as in anaerobic reactors. Conversion of butyrate or propionate to acetate, (CO2), and hydrogen is endergonic under standard conditions, and becomes possible only at low hydrogen concentrations (10-4-10-5 bar). A model of energy sharing between fermenting and methanogenic bacteria attributes a maximum amount of about 20 kJ per mol reaction to each partner in this syntrophic cooperation system. This amount corresponds to synthesis of only a fraction (one-third) of an ATP to be synthesized per reaction. Recent studies on the biochemistry of syntrophic fatty acid-oxidizing bacteria have revealed that hydrogen release from butyrate by these bacteria is inhibited by a protonophore or the ATPase inhibitor DCCD (N,N′-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide), indicating that a reversed electron transport step is involved in butyrate or propionate oxidation. Hydrogenase, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase acitivities were found to be partially associated with the cytoplasmic membrane fraction. Also glycolic acid is degraded to methane and CO2 by a defined syntrophic coculture. Here the most difficult step for hydrogen release is the glycolate dehydrogenase reaction (E′0=−92 mV). Glycolate dehydrogenase, hydrogenase, and ATPase were found to be membrane-bound enzymes. Membrane vesicles produced hydrogen from glycolate only in the presence of ATP; protonophores and DCCD inhibited this hydrogen release. This system provides a suitable model to study reversed electron transport in interspecies hydrogen transfer between fermenting and methanogenic bacteria in methanogenic biomass degradation.
HtrA1 Is Specifically Up-Regulated in Active Keloid Lesions and Stimulates Keloids Development (2017)

1) Background: Keloids occur after the failure during the wound-healing process, persist the inflammation and are refractory to various treatments. The pathogenesis of keloids is still unclear. We previously analyzed the gene expression profiles in keloid tissue using microarray and Northern blot analysis and found that HtrA1 was markedly upregulated in the keloid lesions. HtrA1 is a member of the HtrA family of serine protease, has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases including age-related macular degeneration and osteoarthritis by modulating proteins in extracellular matrix or cell surface. We focused on HtrA1, analyzed the localization and the role in keloid pathogenesis. 2) Methods: Twenty seven keloid patients and seven unrelated patients were enrolled in this study. We performed in situ hybridization analysis, immunohistochemical analysis, western blot analysis and cell proliferation assay. 3) Results: First, the fibroblast-like cells expressed HtrA1 higher in the active keloid lesions than in the surrounding lesions in situ hybridization. Second, the proportion of HtrA1-positive cells in keloid was higher than that of in normal skin significantly in immunohistochemical analysis. Third, HtrA1 protein was up-regulated, relative to normal skin tissue samples in western blot analysis. Finally, silencing of HtrA1 gene expression suppressed the cell proliferation significantly. 4) Conclusion: HtrA1 was highly expressed in keloid tissues and the suppression of HtrA1 gene inhibited the proliferation of keloid-derived fibroblasts. HtrA1 may promote keloid development through accelerating cell proliferation and remodeling keloid-specific extracellular matrix or cell surface molecules. HtrA1 is suggested to have an important role in keloid pathogenesis.
New members of the [Ru(diimine)(CN)4]2−family: structural, electrochemical and photophysical properties (2005)

A series of complexes of the type K(2)[Ru(NN)(CN)(4)] has been prepared, in which NN is a diimine ligand, and were investigated for both their structural and photophysical properties. The ligands used (and the abbreviations for the resulting complexes) are 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole (Ru-pypz), 2,2'-bipyrimidine (Ru-bpym), 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (Ru-dmb), 1-ethyl-2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole (Ru-pbe), bidentate 2,2':6',2'''-terpyridine (Ru-tpy). The known complexes with = 2,2'-bipyridine (Ru-bpy) and 1,10-phenathroline (Ru-phen) were also included in this work. A series of crystallographic studies showed that the [Ru(NN)(CN)(4)](2-) complex anions form a range of elaborate coordination networks when crystallised with either K(+) or Ln(3+) cations. The K(+) salts are characterised by a combination of near-linear Ru-CN-K bridges, with the cyanides coordinating to K(+) in the usual 'end-on' mode, and unusual side-on pi-type coordination of cyanide ligands to K(+) ions. With Ln(3+) cations in contrast only Ru-CN-Ln near-linear bridges occurred, affording 1-dimensional helical or diamondoid chains, and 2-dimensional sheets constituted from linked metallamacrocyclic rings. All of the K(2)[Ru(CN)(4)] complexes show a reversible Ru(II)/Ru(III) couple (ca.+0.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl in water), the exception being Ru-tpy whose oxidation is completely irreversible. Luminescence studies in water showed the presence of (3)MLCT-based emission in all cases apart from Ru-bpym with lifetimes of tens/hundreds of nanoseconds. Time-resolved infrared studies showed that in the (3)MLCT excited state the principal C-N stretching vibration shifts to positive energy by ca. 50 cm(-1) as a consequence of the transient oxidation of the metal centre to Ru(III) and the reduction in back-bonding to the cyanide ligands; measurement of transient decay rates allowed measurements of (3)MLCT lifetimes for those complexes which could not be characterised by luminescence spectroscopy. A few complexes were also examined in different solvents (MeCN, dmf) and showed much weaker emission and shorter excited-state lifetimes in these solvents compared to water.