gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of glial lineage and proliferation in vitro using an early marker for committed oligodendrocytes (1991)

The potential of immature glial cells to differentiate into astrocytes (ASs) or oligodendrocytes (OLs) has been examined using a monoclonal antibody (007) that is specific for OLs in vivo. Cells were dissociated from 2-day postnatal mouse cortex and labeled with the 007 antibody 2 hr after plating. The cells which were labeled during this single, brief exposure to the antibody retained the antibody on their surfaces over the course of the experiments. Cells were double stained at various timepoints for residual 007 antibody and either galactocerebroside (GC) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Shortly after plating, most 007+ cells were GC- and none expressed GFAP. These cells were round, although some had begun to extend very short processes. After 96 hr, greater than 95% of cells with residual 007 on their surfaces also expressed GC. By this time, all the 007+ cells had several processes of varying lengths extending from their cell bodies. Cells expressing both 007 and GFAP were never seen. The 007+/GC+ OLs were not induced to differentiate from 007+ bipotential progenitors since they were grown in fetal calf serum. These results show that under our culture conditions the 007 antibody is OL specific. Immunostaining for bromodeoxyuridine, a marker for dividing cells, revealed that some 007+ cells were proliferating. The majority of these proliferating cells had already extended three or more processes. We therefore conclude that immature, process-bearing cells can be committed to the OL lineage at times before they express detectable amounts of GC. Since these young 007+ OLs are actively proliferating, committed cells can serve as an important source of new OLs.
Appendectomy versus Antibiotic Treatment in Acute Appendicitis. A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (2006)

Acute non-perforated appendicitis can be treated successfully with antibiotics. However, there is a risk of recurrence in cases of acute appendicitis, and this risk should be compared with the risk of complications after appendectomy.
Functional domains within the a sequence involved in the cleavage-packaging of herpes simplex virus DNA (1986)

Newly replicated herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA consists of head-to-tail concatemers which are cleaved to generate unit-length genomes bounded by the terminally reiterated a sequence. Constructed defective HSV vectors (amplicons) containing a viral DNA replication origin and the a sequence are similarly replicated into large concatemers which are cleaved at a sequences punctuating the junctions between adjacent repeat units, concurrent with the packaging of viral DNA into nucleocapsids. In the present study we tested the ability of seed amplicons containing specific deletions in the a sequence to become cleaved and packaged and hence be propagated in virus stocks. These studies revealed that two separate signals, located within the Ub and Uc elements of the a sequence, were essential for amplicon propagation. No derivative defective genomes were recovered from seed constructs which lacked the Uc signal. In contrast, propagation of seed constructs lacking the Ub signal resulted in the selection of defective genomes with novel junctions, containing specific insertions of a sequences derived from the helper virus DNA. Comparison of published sequences of concatemeric junctions of several herpesviruses supported a uniform mechanism for the cleavage-packaging process, involving the measurement from two highly conserved blocks of sequences (pac-1 and pac-2) which were homologous to the required Uc and Ub sequences. These results form the basis for general models for the mechanism of cleavage-packaging of herpesvirus DNA.
Spin locking for magnetic resonance imaging with application to human breast (1989)

The dependence of rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation, T1 rho on locking field frequency, f1, was measured for phantom materials and human breast tissues. These data were used to predict the relative signal strengths obtainable in a spin-locking imaging sequence. This imaging sequence was implemented on a 0.15-T imaging system and measurements of phantom and tissue signal strength for various imaging parameters agreed with predicted signal strengths. Compared to T1 and T2, T1 rho appears to have unique capability to distinguish tumor from normal fat and fibrous breast tissues. The applications of T1 rho to tissue characterization and imaging at high static field strengths are discussed.
Phase II study of telatinib (T) in combination with capecitabine (X) and cisplatin (P) as first-line treatment in patients (pts) with advanced cancer of the stomach (G) or gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ). (2010)

e14575 Background: Telatinib (T) is a potent small molecule oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor selectively targeting the VEGF and PDGF receptor families. T has been administered in ∼250 pts with evidence of activity in gastric, renal, colorectal, and liver cancers. In combination chemotherapy (CT) studies with XELIRI, FOLFOX and docetaxel, full dose of T was well tolerated, did not contribute significant additional side effects and resulted in clinical benefit. The objective of this multi-center phase 2 study is to assess safety, tolerability and activity of T in combination with XP in pts with advanced cancer of G or GEJ. Methods: Pts with advanced or metastatic G/GEJ cancer, with measurable disease by RECIST, ECOG PS < 2, and no prior CT for advanced disease (prior neo/adjuvant allowed) received T 900 mg PO bid continuously + X 1,000 mg/m2 PO bid 14 on/7 days off + P 80 mg/m2 IV infusion once every 3 wks until the occurrence of PD or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint is PFS. Secondary endpoints are overall survival, ORR, safety, tolerability, PK and biomarker assessment. Results: To date, 19 pts enrolled at 6 centers in the US and Spain. Baseline characteristics: M-13, F-6; median age: 59 yrs (range 44-79); ECOG PS: 0-5, 1-14; primary tumor: G-10, GEJ-9; extent of disease: locally advanced-1, metastatic-18; site of metastases: lymph nodes-9, liver-10, other-9. Grade 3 toxicities are observed in 5 of 18 pts - hand-foot skin reaction (2), fatigue (2), hypertension (1), anorexia (1), febrile neutropenia (1), and pulmonary embolism (1). No grade 4 toxicity is reported. 17 pts remain active on therapy with median treatment duration of 2 cycles thus far (range 1-5). Dose modification is required with T (2), X (1) and P (3). Two pts discontinued study treatments (1 failure to thrive and 1 intolerant to CT). No deaths have been reported so far. Best response in the first 7 evaluable pts: PR-2, SD-4 and PD-1. Conclusions: T in combination with XP at full doses appears to be safe and feasible. Activity with the combination has been observed. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration ACT Biotech ACT Biotech ACT Biotech
Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene on Tuberization of Isolated Potato Stolons Cultured in Vitro (1974)

Carbon dioxide stimulates tuberization of isolated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) stolons cultured in vitro. The stimulatory effect is inhibited by C(2)H(4) which is by itself also inhibitory of tuberization. Furthermore, C(2)H(4) inhibits kinetin-induced tuber initiation. Both the formation and elongation of roots are inhibited by C(2)H(4). The antagonistic actions of CO(2) and C(2)H(4) on tuberization are discussed.
Prototype Foamy Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Leader Peptide Processing Is Mediated by a Furin-Like Cellular Protease, but Cleavage Is Not Essential for Viral Infectivity (2004)

Analogous to cellular glycoproteins, viral envelope proteins contain N-terminal signal sequences responsible for targeting them to the secretory pathway. The prototype foamy virus (PFV) envelope (Env) shows a highly unusual biosynthesis. Its precursor protein has a type III membrane topology with both the N and C terminus located in the cytoplasm. Coexpression of FV glycoprotein and interaction of its leader peptide (LP) with the viral capsid is essential for viral particle budding and egress. Processing of PFV Env into the particle-associated LP, surface (SU), and transmembrane (TM) subunits occur posttranslationally during transport to the cell surface by yet-unidentified cellular proteases. Here we provide strong evidence that furin itself or a furin-like protease and not the signal peptidase complex is responsible for both processing events. N-terminal protein sequencing of the SU and TM subunits of purified PFV Env-immunoglobulin G immunoadhesin identified furin consensus sequences upstream of both cleavage sites. Mutagenesis analysis of two overlapping furin consensus sequences at the PFV LP/SU cleavage site in the wild-type protein confirmed the sequencing data and demonstrated utilization of only the first site. Fully processed SU was almost completely absent in viral particles of mutants having conserved arginine residues replaced by alanines in the first furin consensus sequence, but normal processing was observed upon mutation of the second motif. Although these mutants displayed a significant loss in infectivity as a result of reduced particle release, no correlation to processing inhibition was observed, since another mutant having normal LP/SU processing had a similar defect.
Cell-Free Fetal DNA Is Not Present in Plasma of Nonpregnant Mothers (2004)

Fetal DNA sequences are present in the plasma of pregnant women (1) and can be studied to determine fetal sex(1) and RhD type (2). Unlike fetal cells, fetal cell-free DNA is cleared rapidly from plasma after delivery (3), with a half-life of 16–28 min. Even when clearance is slowed, as in preeclampsia (4), the mean half-life for clearance of fetal DNA is 114 min (5).

Recently, Invernizzi et al. (6) reported positive PCR results for a Y-chromosome-specific sequence in 36 of 160 (22%) women who had given birth to a son up to several years previously. By contrast, other published studies on pregnant women have described no false-positive results (1)(2)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). It is conceivable that fetal cells remain and proliferate in the maternal circulation or are engrafted in maternal organs after delivery and that this proliferation is suppressed again in a subsequent pregnancy. Lambert et al. (15) also recently reported the presence of fetal DNA in plasma of nonpregnant women. They also found male DNA sequences in 8 of 22 (36%) healthy nonpregnant women who had previously given birth to sons, but filtration studies showed that this DNA was not cell free.

We recruited 120 nonpregnant women who, with their consent, donated 10 mL of blood. We recorded the numbers and sexes of their children and numbers of abortions and extra-uterine pregnancies. Blood was collected in an EDTA-containing Vacutainer Tube and sent to the Central Laboratory of the Dutch Red Cross in Amsterdam, where samples were processed within 24 h. Each sample was centrifuged at 1289 g for 10 min. The supernatant was collected and centrifuged again at 2773 g for 20 min and stored at −30 … 

[↵][1]aAddress correspondence to this author at: Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, Via di Rudini 8, 20142 Milan, Italy. Fax 39-02-50323089; e-mail pietro.invernizzi{at}unimi.it.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-2-1
Cross-protection against mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm) challenge in human immunodeficiency virus type 2-vaccinated cynomolgus monkeys (2001)

In this study we compared the efficacy of live attenuated human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) vaccine alone versus boosting with live non-pathogenic HIV-2 following priming with ALVAC HIV-2 (recombinant canarypox virus expressing HIV-2 env, gag and pol). Six monkeys were first inoculated intravenously with live HIV-2(SBL-6669) and 7 to 10 months later were challenged intrarectally with 10 MID(50) of cell-free simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain SIVsm. One monkey was completely protected against SIV infection and all five monkeys that became SIV-infected showed a lower virus replication and an initial lower virus load as compared with a parallel group of six control animals. In another experiment five monkeys were immunized either three times with ALVAC HIV-2 alone or twice with ALVAC HIV-2 and once with purified native HIV-2 gp125. The monkeys were then challenged with HIV-2 given intravenously and finally with pathogenic SIVsm given intrarectally. After challenge with SIVsm, three of five monkeys were completely protected against SIVsm infection whereas the remaining two macaques became SIV-infected but with limited virus replication. In conclusion, vaccination with an ALVAC HIV-2 vaccine followed by exposure to live HIV-2 could induce cross-protection against mucosal infection with SIVsm and seemed to be more efficient than immunization with a live HIV-2 vaccine only.
Polymers as a Platform for Drug Delivery: Reviewing our Current Portfolio on Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) Microspheres (2001)

The chemical conjugation or the physical embodiment of therapeutic agents in polymers offers great potential to improve the efficacy and safety of therapies and create novel therapeutic opportunities. This has led to numerous concepts regarding the formulation, the delivery and the targeting of therapeutics. Our current research portfolio in this field includes several projects. In all of them poly(lactide-co-glycolide), PLGA, varying in molecular weight and end-group modification, is used as a delivery platform. In this review we will firstly outline our concept of single-injection vaccines. Instead of the application of repeated booster doses, such vaccines are designed to deliver the antigen in a pulsed or sustained fashion, in such a way that protective humoral and cellular immunity can be achieved after a single injection. In the second polymer-based project we aim at the administration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), which bears great potential in tissue engineering, e.g. to enhance bone healing. Here we summarize on a PLGA microsphere system for the localized and controlled delivery of IGF-I in order to close bone defects after fracture, pathology or surgery. In a third project we use this polymeric platform for the design of antigen-encoding DNA vaccines designed to preferentially target the most potent antigen presenting cells, i.e. the dendritic cells. Two prime objectives are currently being studied, i) enhancement of phagocytosis of DNA-loaded PLGA microspheres by human-derived dendritic cells, and ii) release of intact plasmid DNA and concomitant transfection of dendritic cells once the PLGA microspheres were successfully phagocytosed.
Crest Factor Reduction in MC-CDMA Employing Carrier Interferometry Codes (2004)

This paper addresses signal compactness issues in MC-CDMA employing carrier interferometry codes using the measure of crest factor (CF). Carrier interferometry codes, applied to -carrier MC-CDMA systems, enable users to simultaneously share the system bandwidth with minimal degradation in performance (relative to the -orthogonal-user case). First, for a fully loaded ( and users) MC-CDMA system with practical values of , it is shown that the CF in downlink transmission demonstrates desirable properties of low mean and low variance. The downlink CF degrades when the number of users in the system decreases. Next, the high CF observed in the uplink is characterized and the poor CF in a partially loaded downlink as well as uplink is effectively combated using Schroeder's analytical CF reduction techniques.
Irreversible enzyme inhibitors. CLXVI. Active-site-directed irreversible inhibitors of dihydrofolic reductase derived from 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrimidine with 6 substituents and some factors in their cell wall transport (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIrreversible enzyme inhibitors. CLXVI. Active-site-directed irreversible inhibitors of dihydrofolic reductase derived from 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrimidine with 6 substituents and some factors in their cell wall transportBernard Randall Baker and Nicolaas M. J. VermeulenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 1, 82–86Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00295a021Request reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (483 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reliability of optical fibers exposed to hydrogen: prediction of long-term loss increases (1991)

Hydrogen-induced loss increases are known to occur in optical fibers, due both to the presence of molecular H<sub>2</sub> and to the reaction of hydrogen with defects in the fibers. To predict the long-term loss increases expected for fibers under normal conditions, it is necessary to rely on accelerated aging experiments in which fiber loss increases are measured at high temperatures and high P<sub>H<sub>2</sub></sub>'S. For the predictions to be reliable, the dependences must be characterized on temperature, P<sub>H<sub>2</sub></sub>, and time for each of the hydrogen-induced loss mechanisms. In some cases, simplifying assumptions can be made in arriving at conservative lifetime predictions. Hermetic coatings can be used as one means of minimizing the amount of hydrogen seen by a fiber. The performance of a hermetic coating can often be evaluated by using accelerated experiments performed at high P<sub>H<sub>2</sub></sub>'s and moderate temperatures. The presence of reactive gettering sites can have a significant effect on the loss increases measured in high-temperature experiments with hermetic fibers. Experimental resuIts are presented for hermetic and nonhermetic fibers as examples of how long-term predictions can be made.
MERTK receptor tyrosine kinase is a therapeutic target in melanoma (2013)

Metastatic melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of cutaneous cancers. Although recent therapeutic advances have prolonged patient survival, the prognosis remains dismal. C-MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MERTK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase with oncogenic properties that is often overexpressed or activated in various malignancies. Using both protein immunohistochemistry and microarray analyses, we demonstrate that MERTK expression correlates with disease progression. MERTK expression was highest in metastatic melanomas, followed by primary melanomas, while the lowest expression was observed in nevi. Additionally, over half of melanoma cell lines overexpressed MERTK compared with normal human melanocytes; however, overexpression did not correlate with mutations in BRAF or RAS. Stimulation of melanoma cells with the MERTK ligand GAS6 resulted in the activation of several downstream signaling pathways including MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT. MERTK inhibition via shRNA reduced MERTK-mediated downstream signaling, reduced colony formation by up to 59%, and diminished tumor volume by 60% in a human melanoma murine xenograft model. Treatment of melanoma cells with UNC1062, a novel MERTK-selective small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reduced activation of MERTK-mediated downstream signaling, induced apoptosis in culture, reduced colony formation in soft agar, and inhibited invasion of melanoma cells. This work establishes MERTK as a therapeutic target in melanoma and provides a rationale for the continued development of MERTK-targeted therapies.
Local Treatment of Hepatic Metastases with Low-Level Direct Electric Current: Experimental Results (2000)

These results confirm the effectiveness of low-level direct current application as a potential modality for the treatment of hepatic metastases.
Diagnostic Methods of Traditional Iranian Medicine (2009)

Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) are different in basic theories, diagnosis and treatment methods. A common diagnostic method of them is Pulse Diagnosis, but is used with different purposes and techniques. This article describes the similarities of pulse diagnosis raditional Iranian Medicine. 

Key words: 
Traditional Iranian Medicine;  Diagnostic methods
The Leucine Zipper: A Hypothetical Structure Common to a New Class of DNA Binding Proteins (1988)

A 30-amino-acid segment of C/EBP, a newly discovered enhancer binding protein, shares notable sequence similarity with a segment of the cellular Myc transforming protein. Display of these respective amino acid sequences on an idealized alpha helix revealed a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns. The periodic array of at least four leucines was also noted in the sequences of the Fos and Jun transforming proteins, as well as that of the yeast gene regulatory protein, GCN4. The polypeptide segments containing these periodic arrays of leucine residues are proposed to exist in an alpha-helical conformation, and the leucine side chains extending from one alpha helix interdigitate with those displayed from a similar alpha helix of a second polypeptide, facilitating dimerization. This hypothetical structure is referred to as the "leucine zipper," and it may represent a characteristic property of a new category of DNA binding proteins.
The I-V characteristics of organic hole-only devices based on crosslinked hole-transport layer (2015)

Commonly, organic electronics devices are build up from the organic semiconductor thin films which are prepared either by thermal vacuum evaporation or by solution-processing techniques such as spin casting, inkjet printing, or roll-to-roll printing. The solution-processing has several advantages although it has a crucial problem for multilayer device preparation where the first layer will be dissolved by the solvent of the second layer. The using of insoluble layer is a solution of this problem. This paper reports the electrical (I-V) characteristics of Hole-Only Devices (HOD) which are prepared via solution processing by using insoluble layer. The insoluble layer based on triphenylamine dimmer was sandwiched in the two electrodes as anode and cathode. This insoluble layer was prepared via oxetane ring-opening polymerisation either oxidative crosslinking, photo crosslinking, or trityl crosslinking. The measurement was carried out to get current density versus electric-field strength characteristic as a function of oxidation potential, polymerisation mechanism, the amount of oxidant, and curing temperature. The measurement confirmed that the crosslinked hole-transport layers are successfully applied in HOD, the oxidative crosslinking mechanism showed the doping effect, and the amount of oxidant influences the conductivity of crosslinked layer. All Rights Reserved © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico. This is an open access item distributed under the Creative Commons CC License BY-NC-ND 4.0.
Statistical regression model of standard and new laboratory markers and its usefulness in prediction of preeclampsia (2013)

Our results demonstrated that angiogenic markers and urates individually and particularly when used as laboratory test panel have significant prognostic value in the prediction of PE.