gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomized trial of 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C with or without streptozotocin for advanced pancreatic cancer. A Southwest oncology group study (1983)

A prospective randomized trial comparing streptozotocin, mitomycin C, and 5-FU (SMF) with mitomycin C and 5-FU (MF) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer was performed. In patients with measurable disease the response rates were 34% (19/56) to SMF, and 8% (5/60) to MF (P = 0.009). Median survivals were similar, however, 18 versus 17 weeks (P = 0.356). Median survival of patients responding to chemotherapy was 33 weeks, and for nonresponders it was 17 weeks (P = 0.002). In patients with nonmeasurable disease, median survivals were 21 weeks (SMF) and 18 weeks (MF) (P = 0.797). Patients surviving greater than or equal to 48 weeks, however, appeared to be increased in the SMF arm (14 patients) compared to the MF (7 patients). Toxicity was moderate for both regimens, with SMF having greater gastrointestinal and renal toxicity. Chemotherapy with SMF appears to produce objective responses in patients with pancreatic cancer, but does not improve survival compared to MF.
Effects of gate metals on interface effects in metal oxide semiconductor systems after electron trapping (1982)

In the study of electron trapping in silicon dioxide, a turn-around effect in the flatband voltage shift as a function of injected electrons has been reported. Most of the reported work was on capacitors with aluminum gates. When polycrystalline silicon gates were used, very little electron trapping and turn-around effect was observed. The difference was explained by the decrease in the density of water related traps after the additional high temperature process in polycrystalline silicon deposition and doping. In the present experiment, gate metals other than aluminum were used. It was shown that even though the density of electron traps was not changed significantly, a large turn-around effect was only observed when the aluminum gate was used. This result seems to imply that aluminum is mostly responsible for the slow state generation and turn-around effect.
Stochastics Models, Estimation, and Control: Introduction (1979)

Introduction 1.1 WHY STOCHASTIC MODELS, ESTIMATION, AND CONTROL? When considering system analysis or controller design, the engineer has at his disposal a wealth of knowledge derived from deterministic system and control theories. One would then naturally ask, why do we have to go beyond these results and propose stochastic system models, with ensuing concepts of estimation and control based upon these stochastic models? To answer this question, let us examine what the deterministic theories provide and determine where the shortcomings might be. Given a physical system, whether it be an aircraft, a chemical process, or the national economy, an engineer first attempts to develop a mathematical model that adequately represents some aspects of the behavior of that system. Through physical insights, fundamental &amp;quot;laws,&amp;quot; and empirical testing, he tries to establish the interrelationships among certain variables of interest, inputs to the system, and outputs from the system. With such a m
Significant Improvements on Jet Noise Reduction by Chevron-Microjet Combination (2007)

The two successful noise reduction methods, chevrons and microjets, are used simultaneously such that the combination will be more beneficial than each method alone. As such, the jet noise is lowered significantly below the previous levels observed from the best of either method. The unique feature of this method is that it applies microjets (small diameter fluidic injections) to the shear layer at the tip of the chevrons. The strategic location of the microjet-chevron injection is a critical design parameter and is based on our understanding of the chevron and microjet flow physics. Previous detailed flow measurements and improved understanding of the flow physics of both individual devices 1 indicated that a potential synergy might have existed. Subsequent proof-of-concept tests in Boeing’s Quiet Air Facility (QAF) have obtained a reduction in noise levels not previously achieved. Initially performed acoustic tests show that the OASPL benefits are nearly additive in all measured radiation directions. For instance, at a 150 degree nozzle inlet angle and at 100 D distance the isolated chevron and/or microjet reduction is only about 1 dB, whereas the microjet-chevron combination is 2 dB. The narrow band spectra at aft angles also show the better performance obtained by the combination at a large range of frequencies. Furthermore, no additional high frequency lift has been observed in any measured aft radiation angle with the application of microjets in combination compared to isolated chevron case.
Sm1, a Proteinaceous Elicitor Secreted by the Biocontrol Fungus Trichoderma virens Induces Plant Defense Responses and Systemic Resistance (2006)

The soilborne filamentous fungus Trichoderma virens is a biocontrol agent with a well-known ability to produce antibiotics, parasitize pathogenic fungi, and induce systemic resistance in plants. Even though a plant-mediated response has been confirmed as a component of bioprotection by Trichoderma spp., the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Here, we report the identification, purification, and characterization of an elicitor secreted by T. virens, a small protein designated Sm1 (small protein 1). Sm1 lacks toxic activity against plants and microbes. Instead, native, purified Sm1 triggers production of reactive oxygen species in monocot and dicot seedlings, rice, and cotton, and induces the expression of defense-related genes both locally and systemically in cotton. Gene expression analysis revealed that SM1 is expressed throughout fungal development under different nutrient conditions and in the presence of a host plant. Using an axenic hydroponic system, we show that SM1 expression and secretion of the protein is significantly higher in the presence of the plant. Pretreatment of cotton cotyledons with Sm1 provided high levels of protection to the foliar pathogen Colletotrichum sp. These results indicate that Sm1 is involved in the induction of resistance by Trichoderma spp. through the activation of plant defense mechanisms.
The CD24/P-selectin binding pathway initiates lung arrest of human A125 adenocarcinoma cells. (2000)

Carbohydrates on tumor cells have been shown to play an important role in tumor metastasis. We demonstrated before that CD24, a Mr 35,000-60,000 mucine-type glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface molecule, can function as ligand for P-selectin and that the sialylLex carbohydrate is essential for CD24-mediated rolling of tumor cells on P-selectin. To investigate the role of both antigens more closely, we transfected human A125 adenocarcinoma cells with CD24 and/or fucosyltransferase VII (Fuc TVII) cDNAs. Stable transfectants expressed CD24 and/or sialylLex. Biochemical analysis confirmed that in A125-CD24/FucTVII double transfectants, CD24 was modified with sialylLex. Only double transfectants showed rolling on P-selectin in vivo. When injected into mice, double transfectants arrested in the lungs, and this step was P-selectin dependent because it was strongly enhanced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pretreated wild-type mice but not in P-selectin knockout mice. CD24 modified by sialylLex was required on the tumor cells because the LPS-induced lung arrest was abolished by removal of CD24 from the cell surface by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. A125-FucTVII single transfectants expressing sialylLex but not CD24 did not show P-selectin-mediated lung arrest. The sialylLex epitope is abundantly expressed on human carcinomas, and significant correlations between sialylLex expression and clinical prognosis exist. Our data suggest an important role for sialylLex-modified CD24 in the lung colonization of human tumors.
Crystal structure of muconolactone isomerase at 3.3 Å resolution (1989)

The crystal structure of muconolactone isomerase from Pseudomonas putida, a unique molecule with ten 96 amino acid subunits and 5-fold, and 2-fold symmetries, has been solved at 3.3 A resolution. The non-crystallographic symmetries were used to refine the initial single isomorphous replacement phases and produce an interpretable 10-fold averaged map. The backbone trace is complete and confirmed by the amino acid sequence fit. Each subunit is composed of a body with two alpha-helices and an antiparallel twisted beta-sheet of four strands, and an extended arm. The helices and the sheet fold to form a two-layered structure with an enclosed hydrophobic core and a partially formed putative active site pocket. The C-terminal arm of another subunit related by a local dyad symmetry extends over the core to complete this pocket. The decameric protein is almost spherical, with the helices forming the external coat. There is a large hydrophilic cavity in the center with open ends along the 5-fold axis. Molecular interactions between subunits are extensive. Each subunit contacts four neighbors and loses nearly 40% of its solvent contact area on oligomerization.
Interferon-α Suppresses cAMP to Disarm Human Regulatory T Cells (2013)

IFN-α is an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of several solid and hematologic malignancies that exerts strong immune- and autoimmune-stimulating activity. However, the mechanisms of immune activation by IFN-α remain incompletely understood, particularly with regard to CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp(+) regulatory T cells (Treg). Here, we show that IFN-α deactivates the suppressive function of human Treg by downregulating their intracellular cAMP level. IFN-α-mediated Treg inactivation increased CD4(+) effector T-cell activation and natural killer cell tumor cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, repression of cAMP in Treg was caused by IFN-α-induced MAP-ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) activation and accompanied by downregulation of IFN receptor (IFNAR)-2 and negative regulation of T-cell receptor signaling. IFN-α did not affect the anergic state, cytokine production, Foxp3 expression, or methylation state of the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) within the FOXP3 locus associated with a stable imprinted phenotype of human Treg. Abrogated protection by IFN-α-treated Treg in a humanized mouse model of xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease confirmed IFN-α-dependent regulation of Treg activity in vivo. Collectively, the present study unravels Treg inactivation as a novel IFN-α activity that provides a conceivable explanation for the immune-promoting effect and induction of autoimmunity by IFN-α treatment in patients with cancer and suggests IFN-α for concomitant Treg blockade in the context of therapeutic vaccination against tumor antigens.
Vectorial Total Variation-Based Regularization for Variational Image Registration (2013)

To use interdependence between the primary components of the deformation field for smooth and non-smooth registration problems, the channel-by-channel total variation- or standard vectorial total variation (SVTV)-based regularization has been extended to a more flexible and efficient technique, allowing high quality regularization procedures. Based on this method, this paper proposes a fast nonlinear multigrid (NMG) method for solving the underlying Euler-Lagrange system of two coupled second-order nonlinear partial differential equations. Numerical experiments using both synthetic and realistic images not only confirm that the recommended VTV-based regularization yields better registration qualities for a wide range of applications than those of the SVTV-based regularization, but also that the proposed NMG method is fast, accurate, and reliable in delivering visually-pleasing registration results.
Multicomponent analysis by synchronous luminescence spectrometry (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMulticomponent analysis by synchronous luminescence spectrometryTuan Vo-DinhCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 3, 396–401Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50025a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views895Altmetric-Citations351LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (708 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Antimicrobial‐Associated Risk Factors forClostridium difficileInfection (2008)

Antimicrobial therapy plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), presumably through disruption of indigenous intestinal microflora, thereby allowing C. difficile to grow and produce toxin. Investigations involving animal models and studies performed in vitro suggest that inhibitory activity against C. difficile and differences in the propensity to stimulate toxin production may also influence the likelihood that particular drugs may cause CDI. Although nearly all antimicrobial classes have been associated with CDI, clindamycin, third-generation cephalosporins, and penicillins have traditionally been considered to harbor the greatest risk. Recent studies have also implicated fluoroquinolones as high-risk agents, a finding that is most likely to be related in part to increasing fluoroquinolone resistance among epidemic strains (i.e., restriction-endonuclease analysis group BI/North American PFGE type 1 strains) and some nonepidemic strains of C. difficile. Restrictions in the use of clindamycin and third-generation cephalosporins have been associated with reductions in CDI. Because use of any antimicrobial has the potential to induce the onset of CDI and disease caused by other health care-associated pathogens, antimicrobial stewardship programs that promote judicious use of antimicrobials are encouraged in concert with environmental and infection control-related efforts.
Idiotype vaccination strategies against a murine B-cell lymphoma: dendritic cells loaded with idiotype and bispecific idiotype x anti-class II antibodies can protect against tumor growth. (1996)

Three strategies were used to evaluate 38C13 B-cell lymphoma-specific idiotype immunization to protect against subsequent lymphoma challenge in C3H/He mice. It was observed that tumor-specific immunity could be induced by immunization with (i) KLH-conjugated 38C13 B-cell lymphoma idiotype in complete Freund's adjuvants (survival rate 80%), (ii) dendritic cells pulsed in vitro with native idiotype protein (survival rate 80%), and (iii) bispecific antibodies composed of B-lymphoma-related idiotype and an MHC class II binding moiety (survival rate 40%). Presentation of idiotype determinants by dendritic cells or bispecific antibody resulted in lymphoma-specific immunity and obviated the requirement for carrier protein or adjuvant. Moreover, primed dendritic cells induced predominant development of a tumor-specific T-cell response. Each of these immunization strategies resulted in long-term survival without the emergence of idiotype variants or the induction of tumor dormancy.
Construction of adenovirus vectors through Cre-lox recombination (1997)

Two barriers prevent adenovirus-based vectors from having wide application. One is the difficulty of making new adenoviruses, and the second is the strong immunological reaction to viral proteins. Here we describe uses of Cre-lox recombination to overcome these problems. First, we demonstrate a simple method for constructing E1-substituted adenoviruses. Second, we demonstrate a method to construct adenovirus vectors carrying recombinant genes in place of all of the viral genes, so-called gutless adenovirus vectors. The pivotal feature in each method is the use of a negatively selected adenovirus named psi5. We engineered a cis-acting selection into psi5 by flanking its packaging site with loxP sites. When psi5 was grown in cells making a high level of Cre recombinase, the packaging site was deleted by recombination and the yield of psi5 was reduced to 5% of the wild-type level. To make a new E1-substituted virus, we used psi5 as a donor virus and recombined it with a shuttle vector via a loxP site. The resulting recombinant virus has a single loxP site next to the packaging site and therefore outgrows psi5 in the presence of Cre recombinase. To make a gutless virus, we used psi5 as a helper virus. The only viral sequences included in the gutless vector are those needed in cis for its replication and packaging. We found that a loxP site next to the packaging site of the gutless virus was necessary to neutralize homologous recombination between psi5 and the gutless viruses within their packaging domains.
Comparison of the Results of the Cervical Laminoplasty (Hattori's Method) and the Cervical Laminectomy. (2001)

The purpose of this paper is to compare radiological changes after cervical laminoplasty and laminectomy. The subjects were 78 patients with myelopathy caused by the cervical spondylosis or the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine. 61 cases were treated using Z-shaped laminoplasty (Hattori's Method) and 16 using laminectomy. The average age at the time of surgery was 57, and the average follow-up period was 11 years and 2 months. The functional results were evaluated according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association's scoring system. At the time of follow-up, the average recovery rate was 63% in the laminoplasty group, and 32% in the laminectomy group. In the laminoplasty group, the abnormality of alignment was greatly reduced in frequency and degree compared with the laminectomy group. The recovery rate was poor in patients with postoperative changes in the type of cervical spine curvature developed. Laminoplasty is considered to be superior to laminectomy in maintaining cervical alignment and preventing postoperative spinal deformities.
HoloSketch (1995)

This article describes HoloSketch, a virtual reality-based 3D geometry creation and manipulation tool. HoloSketch is aimed at providing nonprogrammers with an easy-to-use 3D “What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get” environment. Using head-tracked stereo shutter glasses and a desktop CRT display configuration, virtual objects can be created with a 3D wand manipulator directly in front of the user, at very high accuracy and much more rapidly than with traditional 3D drawing systems. HoloSketch also supports simple animation and audio control for virtual objects. This article describes the functions of the HoloSketch system, as well as our experience so far with more-general issues of head-tracked stereo 3D user interface design.
Role of target geometry in phagocytosis (2006)

Phagocytosis is a principal component of the body's innate immunity in which macrophages internalize targets in an actin-dependent manner. Targets vary widely in shape and size and include particles such as pathogens and senescent cells. Despite considerable progress in understanding this complicated process, the role of target geometry in phagocytosis has remained elusive. Previous studies on phagocytosis have been performed using spherical targets, thereby overlooking the role of particle shape. Using polystyrene particles of various sizes and shapes, we studied phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. We report a surprising finding that particle shape, not size, plays a dominant role in phagocytosis. All shapes were capable of initiating phagocytosis in at least one orientation. However, the local particle shape, measured by tangent angles, at the point of initial contact dictates whether macrophages initiate phagocytosis or simply spread on particles. The local shape determines the complexity of the actin structure that must be created to initiate phagocytosis and allow the membrane to move over the particle. Failure to create the required actin structure results in simple spreading and not internalization. Particle size primarily impacts the completion of phagocytosis in cases where particle volume exceeds the cell volume.
Synthesis and properties of polyimide-clay hybrid films (1997)

Polyimide-clay hybrid films with four different sizes of clay minerals have been synthesized to investigate the effect of the size of clay minerals to the properties of the hybrids. Hectrite, saponite, montmorillonite, and synthetic mica were used as clay minerals. Those clays consist of stacked silicate sheets about 460 Å (hectrite), 1650 Å (saponite), 2180 Å (montmorillonite), and 12300 Å (synthetic mica) in length, 10 Å in thickness. The longer the length of clay mineral was, the more effectively properties of polyimide were improved. In the case of polyimide-mica hybrid, only 2 wt % addition of synthetic mica brought permeability coefficients of water vapor to value less than one-tenth of that of ordinary unfilled polyimide, and thermal expansion coefficient was lowered at the level of 60% of the original one. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2289–2294, 1997
Regulatory Activity of Autocrine IL-10 on Dendritic Cell Functions (2001)

IL-10 is a critical cytokine that blocks the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), but the relevance of autocrine IL-10 on DC functions has not been investigated. In this study, we found that immature monocyte-derived DCs released low but sizeable amounts of IL-10. After stimulation with bacteria, LPS, lipoteichoic acid, or soluble CD40 ligand, DCs secreted high levels of IL-10. Addition of an anti-IL-10-neutralizing Ab to immature DCs as well as to soluble CD40 ligand- or LPS-maturing DCs led to enhanced expression of surface CD83, CD80, CD86, and MHC molecules and markedly augmented release of TNF-alpha and IL-12, but diminished IL-10 mRNA expression. Moreover, DCs treated with anti-IL-10 Ab showed an increased capacity to activate allogeneic T cells and primed naive T cells to a more prominent Th1 polarization. DC maturation and IL-10 neutralization were associated with enhanced accumulation of the IL-10 receptor binding chain (IL-10R1) mRNA and intracellular IL-10R1 protein. In contrast, surface IL-10R1 and IL-10 binding activity diminished in mature DCs. These results indicate that autocrine IL-10 prevents spontaneous maturation of DCs in vitro, limits LPS- and CD40-mediated maturation, and increases IL-10 production by DCs. Moreover, IL-10R expression appears to be regulated by both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Endogenous IL-10 and IL-10R can be relevant targets for the manipulation of DC functions.
STICKINESS IN FOODS: A REVIEW OF MECHANISMS AND TEST METHODS (2001)

Problems associated with the stickiness of food in processing and storage practices along with its causative factors are outlined. Fundamental mechanisms that explain why and how food products become sticky are discussed. Methods currently in use for characterizing and overcoming stickiness problems in food processing and storage operations are described. The use of glass transition temperature-based model, which provides a rational basis for understanding and characterizing the stickiness of many food products, is highlighted.