gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PhysioDoloris: a monitoring device for Analgesia / Nociception balance evaluation using Heart Rate Variability analysis (2010)

Continuous Analgesia / Nociception balance evaluation during general anesthesia could be of precious help for the optimization of analgesic drugs delivery, limiting the risk of toxicity due to the use of opioid drugs, limiting the risk of post operative hyper algesia, and, probably, reducing time of recovery after surgical procedure. Heart Rate Variability analysis has been shown in several studies to measure the Autonomic Nervous System tone, which is strongly influenced by anesthetic drugs. Recording RR series during general anesthesia enabled us to observe that the Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia pattern changed when a surgical stimulation was painful, even though the patient was not conscious. We have previously developed and evaluated a pain / analgesia measurement algorithm based on the magnitude analysis of the respiratory patterns on the RR series. In this paper, we present the development of a monitoring device (PhysioDoloris), based on the previously described technology, giving in real time an Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) which can be used during general anesthesia in order to give to the anesthetist, a complementary tool for optimized drug delivery.
Biomarkers of Traumatic Brain Injury and Their Relationship to Pathology (2015)

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) can occur in a number of ways and can be classified by the mechanism of injury, the clinical severity as graded by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), or by the characterization of structural damage. The heterogeneity of the disease makes it difficult to accurately assess the level of trauma and predict the clinical outcome of the patient. Generally, injuries are classified as mild, moderate, or severe depending on the GCS score, which utilizes motor, eye, and verbal responses to evaluate the level of consciousness of the patient. In addition to the GCS, TBI may be classified according to a clinical injury severity score based on the level of injury incurred to various key body regions, according to the level of structural damage incurred, and according to patient prognosis based on various prognostic models. TBI injury is heterozygous in nature, and no single classification scheme is sufficient in characterizing injury for the purposes of diagnosis and prognosis. Depending on the severity of the initial insult, different imaging modalities are used to obtain the necessary information for patient care and prognosis. Whereas evidence of moderate to severe TBI is usually reliably visible as structural abnormalities using techniques such as computed tomography (CT) or conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), more subtle disturbances characteristic of mild TBI are not so easily demonstrated by these imaging modalities. Mild TBI results from the main etiologies of neural contusion and axonal injury, which subsequently results in biochemical, metabolic, and cellular changes that may be responsible for some of the long-term problems seen in patients who develop postconcussion syndrome (PCS).
A model for weighting image objects in home photographs (2005)

The paper presents a contribution to image indexing consisting in a weighting model for visible objects -- or image objects -- in home photographs. To improve its effectiveness this weighting model has been designed according to human perception criteria about what is estimated as important in photographs. Four basic hypotheses related to human perception are presented, and their validity is estimated as compared to actual observations from a user study. Finally a formal definition of this weighting model is presented and its consistence with the user study is evaluated.
Topological considerations in isosurface generation (1994)

A popular technique for rendition of isosurfaces in sampled data is to consider cells with sample points as corners and approximate the isosurface in each cell by one or more polygons whose vertices are obtained by interpolation of the sample data. That is, each polygon vertex is a point on a cell edge, between two adjacent sample points, where the function is estimated to equal the desired threshold value. The two sample points have values on opposite sides of the threshold, and the interpolated point is called an intersection point . When one cell face has an intersection point in each of its four edges, then the correct connection among intersection points becomes ambiguous. An incorrect connection can lead to erroneous topology in the rendered surface, and possible discontinuities. We show that disambiguation methods, to be at all accurate, need to consider sample values in the neighborhood outside the cell. This paper studies the problems of disambiguation, reports on some solutions, and presents some statistics on the occurrence of such ambiguities. A natural way to incorporate neighborhood information is through the use of calculated gradients at cell corners. They provide insight into the behavior of a function in well-understood ways. We introduce two gradient consistency heuristics that use calculated gradients at the corners of ambiguous faces, as well as the function values at those corners, to disambiguate at a reasonable computational cost. These methods give the correct topology on several examples that caused problems for other methods we examined.
Reconfigurable Scan-Beam Single-Arm Spiral Antenna Integrated With RF-MEMS Switches (2006)

A fully integrated solution providing scan-beam capability with a single antenna is presented in this paper for the first time. The proposed system includes a reconfigurable rectangular spiral antenna with a set of micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) switches, which are monolithically integrated and packaged onto the same substrate. The system is based on a single-arm rectangular spiral antenna, capable of changing its radiation pattern using radio frequency-MEMS (RF-MEMS) switches. The rectangular spiral and RF-MEMS switches are monolithically integrated on a conventional microwave substrate printed circuit board (/spl epsiv//sub r/=3.27 and tan/spl delta/=0.004) and quartz substrate (/spl epsiv//sub r/=3.78 and tan/spl delta/=0.0002). The spiral is made out of multiple lines, which are interconnected by RF-MEMS switches strategically located along the spiral. On activating these switches, the spiral overall arm length is changed and consequently its radiation beam direction is changed. The two proposed antennas radiate right hand circular polarization (RHCP) and left hand circular polarization (LHCP) for printed circuit board and quartz substrate respectively. The gain of the two antennas varies between 3/spl sim/6 dBi. They both satisfy the 3-dB axial ratio criterion at their operating frequency band, i.e., at 10 GHz and 6 GHz for the printed circuit board and the quartz substrate respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first truly reconfigurable printed antenna design using MEMS devices as active elements integrated in the same low loss substrate. The excellent performance of the proposed system emphasizes the importance of being able to integrate MEMS switches into the same low loss substrate for antenna applications. This technology pioneers the design of arbitrarily shaped reconfigurable antennas including the design of reconfigurable antenna arrays.
Major Lipids, Apolipoproteins, and Risk of Vascular Disease (2009)

Lipid assessment in vascular disease can be simplified by measurement of either total and HDL cholesterol levels or apolipoproteins without the need to fast and without regard to triglyceride.
Effect of hexafluoroisopropanol alcohol on the structure of melittin: A molecular dynamics simulation study (2005)

The molecular mechanism by which HFIP stabilizes the alpha-helical structure of peptides is not well understood. In the present study, we use melittin as a model to gain insight into the details of the atomistic interactions of HFIP with the peptide. We have performed extensive comparative molecular dynamics simulations (up to 100 nsec) in the absence and in the presence of HFIP. In agreement with recent NMR experiments, the simulations show rapid loss of tertiary structure in water at pH 2 but much higher helicity in 35% HFIP. The MD simulations also indicate that melittin adopts a highly dynamic global structure in 35% HFIP solution with two alpha-helical segments sampling a wide range of angular orientations. The analysis of the HFIP distribution shows the tendency of HFIP to aggregate around the peptide, increasing the local cosolvent concentration to more than two times that in the bulk concentration. The correlation of local peptide structure with HFIP coating suggests that displacement of water at the peptide surface is the main contribution of HFIP in stabilizing the secondary structure of melittin. Finally, a stabilizing effect promoted by the presence of counter-ions was also observed in the simulations.
Effect of Curcuma longa and Ocimum sanctum on myocardial apoptosis in experimentally induced myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury (2006)

In the present study, significant cardioprotection and functional recovery demonstrated by Cl may be attributed to its anti-apoptotic property. In contrast to Os, Cl may attenuate cell death due to apoptosis and prevent the impairment of cardiac performance.
A data mining approach to modeling relationships among categories in image collection (2004)

This paper proposes a data mining approach to modeling relationships among categories in image collection. In our approach, with image feature grouping, a visual dictionary is created for color, texture, and shape feature attributes respectively. Labeling each training image with the keywords in the visual dictionary, a classification tree is built. Based on the statistical properties of the feature space we define a structure, called α-Semantics Graph, to discover the hidden semantic relationships among the semantic categories embodied in the image collection. With the α-Semantics Graph, each semantic category is modeled as a unique fuzzy set to explicitly address the semantic uncertainty and semantic overlap among the categories in the feature space. The model is utilized in the semantics-intensive image retrieval application. An algorithm using the classification accuracy measures is developed to combine the built classification tree with the fuzzy set modeling method to deliver semantically relevant image retrieval for a given query image. The experimental evaluations have demonstrated that the proposed approach models the semantic relationships effectively and the image retrieval prototype system utilizing the derived model is promising both in effectiveness and efficiency.
The cellular DNA polymerase alpha-primase is required for papillomavirus DNA replication and associates with the viral E1 helicase. (1994)

Persistent infection by papillomaviruses involves the maintenance of viral DNA as a nuclear plasmid, the replication of which requires host DNA polymerases. The role of the cellular DNA polymerase alpha-primase holoenzyme was probed by using soluble extracts from rodent cells that replicate bovine papilloma virus 1 and human papilloma virus 6b DNA in the presence of the viral E1 helicase and the E2 transcription factor. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the catalytic 180-kDa subunit of polymerase alpha inhibit DNA synthesis in this system. Addition of purified human polymerase alpha-primase holoenzyme to neutralized extracts restores their DNA synthetic activity. The amino-terminal 424 amino acids of E1 forms a specific protein complex with the p180 polymerase subunit. Immune complexes can be isolated with antibodies directed against E1 that contain a DNA polymerase activity. Moreover, this polymerase activity can be neutralized by anti-polymerase alpha antibodies. Permissivity barriers were not encountered in this in vitro system, as bovine E1 can interface with the murine and human replication apparatus. Although the large tumor antigens encoded by simian virus 40 and polyoma share limited primary sequence homology with the papillomavirus E1 proteins, the organization of functional motifs at the level of primary protein structure is remarkably similar. In addition to their origin-specific DNA-binding activity, each of these helicases may function to help recruit the cellular polymerase alpha-primase complex to the viral replication origin.
The role of interferon in the therapy of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma. (1987)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the major neoplastic complication of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although most patients succumb to infectious complications of AIDS rather than as a direct consequence of the tumor, KS may, in some cases, pursue an aggressive clinical course resulting in considerable morbidity. A subset of KS patients, characterized by lack of systemic "B" symptoms (fever, weight loss, night sweats), absence of prior opportunistic infection, and relative preservation of immune function, appears to be most likely to benefit from interferon alpha treatment. A series of clinical trials with highly purified interferon alpha preparations have shown high doses (greater than or equal to 20 X 10(6) U/m2) to be superior to low-dose treatment. Thus far, there is no convincing evidence to suggest that the combination of interferon alpha with cytotoxic chemotherapy improves its antitumor activity. Preliminary trials of interferon gamma have failed to demonstrate significant activity against KS, but the potential of interferon gamma to prevent or treat some of the infectious complications of AIDS has yet to be adequately addressed. In vitro studies showing that interferon alpha (alone and in combination with other antiretroviral agents) can inhibit replication of the human immunodeficiency virus, suggest further studies to evaluate its activity against the etiologic agent responsible for AIDS.
IL-7 overexpression in transgenic mouse keratinocytes causes a lymphoproliferative skin disease dominated by intermediate TCR cells: evidence for a hierarchy in IL-7 responsiveness among cutaneous T cells (1997)

IL-7 is a keratinocyte-derived lymphocyte growth factor critical for the development of gammadelta T cells including murine dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC). We derived transgenic mice that overexpress IL-7 in basal keratinocytes under the control of the human K14 promoter. These K14/IL-7 mice develop dermal and epidermal T cell infiltrates associated with alopecia. This lymphoproliferative skin disease is substantially more severe in mice homozygous for the K14/IL-7 transgene. Conventional DETC expressing a Vgamma5 Vdelta1 TCR are rare or absent among the cutaneous T cells in these mice. The T cells in the skin infiltrates of young K14/IL-7 mice are predominantly gammadelta T cells that express intermediate levels of TCR, are negative for E-cadherin, often lack expression of CD2, and include cells that coexpress NK1.1. T cells expressing intermediate levels of a TCR-alphabeta are also present in transgenic skin, and progressively increase in number as the mice age. Phenotypically similar intermediate gammadelta and alphabeta T cell subsets also constitute the major lymphocyte populations recovered from organ culture of normal mouse skin in the presence of IL-7, suggesting that the T cells that accumulate in the epidermis of K14/IL-7 mice are derived from precursors normally resident in skin. We conclude that intermediate TCR cells, some of which coexpress NK1.1, can be selectively expanded in skin under the influence of IL-7 produced locally. Our results also suggest that features of the epidermal microenvironment besides keratinocyte-derived IL-7 account for the normal predominance of Vgamma5 Vdelta1 DETC in mouse epidermis.
Akt Participation in the Wnt Signaling Pathway through Dishevelled (2001)

Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and the resulting stabilization of free beta-catenin are critical steps in the activation of Wnt target genes. While Akt regulates GSK3alpha/beta in the phosphatidylinositide 3-OH kinase signaling pathway, its role in Wnt signaling is unknown. Here we report that expression of Wnt or Dishevelled (Dvl) increased Akt activity. Activated Akt bound to the Axin-GSK3beta complex in the presence of Dvl, phosphorylated GSK3beta and increased free beta-catenin levels. Furthermore, in Wnt-overexpressing PC12 cells, dominant-negative Akt decreased free beta-catenin and derepressed nerve growth factor-induced differentiation. Therefore, Akt acts in association with Dvl as an important regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway.
Towards deeper understanding: Deep convex networks for semantic utterance classification (2012)

Following the recent advances in deep learning techniques, in this paper, we present the application of special type of deep architecture - deep convex networks (DCNs) - for semantic utterance classification (SUC). DCNs are shown to have several advantages over deep belief networks (DBNs) including classification accuracy and training scalability. However, adoption of DCNs for SUC comes with non-trivial issues. Specifically, SUC has an extremely sparse input feature space encompassing a very large number of lexical and semantic features. This is about a few thousand times larger than the feature space for acoustic modeling, yet with a much smaller number of training samples. Experimental results we obtained on a domain classification task for spoken language understanding demonstrate the effectiveness of DCNs. The DCN-based method produces higher SUC accuracy than the Boosting-based discriminative classifier with word trigrams.
Improved Amphotropic Retrovirus‐Mediated Gene Transfer into Hematopoietic Stem Cells (1998)

The efficiency of amphotropic retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into human Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) is less than 1%. This has impeded gene therapy for hematopoietic diseases. In this study we demonstrate that populations of mouse and human HSC contain low to undetectable levels of the amphotropic virus receptor mRNA (ampho R mRNA), and are resistant to transduction with amphotropic retroviral vectors. In a subpopulation of mouse HSC expressing 7-fold higher levels of ampho R mRNA, transduction with amphotropic retrovirus vectors was 30-fold higher. We conclude that retrovirus transduction of HSC correlates with ampho R mRNA levels. Our results predict that alternative sources of HSC or retroviruses will be required for human gene therapy of hematopoietic diseases. One alternative source of stem cells is from individuals treated with cytokines. We have previously shown that mice treated with G-CSF and SCF have an immediate increase in peripheral blood HSC immediately after treatment, followed by a 10-fold increase in bone marrow HSC 14 days after treatment. In this report we show that when rhesus monkey bone marrow cells collected 14 days after G-CSF and SCF treatment were transduced with amphotropic retroviruses, gene transfer levels were approximately 10%, which was easily detected by Southern blot analysis. We conclude that the increased gene transfer may be the result of increased expression of the amphotropic retrovirus receptor, increased numbers of cycling HSC or both.
Biosynthesis of Torpedo acetylcholinesterase in mammalian cells. Functional expression and mutagenesis of the glycophospholipid-anchored form. (1990)

The catalytic subunits of asymmetric and hydrophobic forms of acetylcholinesterase arise from a single gene by alternative mRNA splicing. Each protein is encoded in three exons, with exons 1 and 2 encoding sequence common to both forms and exons 3A and 3H specifying unique carboxyl-terminal domains. We examined the expression of cDNAs for the two forms by transient transfection in COS-1 cells. The catalytic subunit of the asymmetric form expressed by transfected cells exhibits low activity and is retained within the cell. The cDNA encoding hydrophobic acetylcholinesterase directs the synthesis of enzyme with much greater activity, which is expressed on the outer surface of the cell membrane and can be released by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. A mutant truncated acetylcholinesterase which lacks either carboxyl-terminal sequence encoded by the alternative exons is secreted into the medium. An exon 1-3H fusion mutant, created by deletion of coding exon 2 from the hydrophobic form cDNA, is glycophospholipid-linked. The 30-amino acid carboxyl-terminal domain specified by exon 3H appears necessary and sufficient to direct glycophospholipid attachment. Thus, heterologous expression of wild-type and mutant acetylcholinesterase proteins indicates that the carboxyl-terminal domains specified by alternative coding exons determine the cellular dispositions of acetylcholinesterase.
Increased intrathecal inflammatory activity in frontotemporal dementia: pathophysiological implications (2004)

The results suggest an increased intrathecal production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in FTD. As no correlations were found with the albumin ratio, and no correlations between CSF and serum levels of the cytokines were found, these changes in the CSF cannot be explained by a systemic overproduction of cytokines.
Fabrication and Characterization of Li7La3Zr2O12 Thin Films for Lithium Ion Battery (2012)

Thin films of Li7La3Zr2O12 were deposited on SrTiO3 (100) and Sapphire (0001) substrates at room-temperature using a pulsed-laser-deposition technique. Detailed structural, compositional, optical, and electrochemical characterizations of the films were performed. The films deposited at room-temperature had amorphous structure, and exhibited a lithium-ion conductivity of 3.35 × 10−7 S/cm. The effects of thermal annealing and pulsed laser annealing on the properties of the films were investigated. Pulsed laser annealed films were found to have a superior lithium-ion conductivity value of 7.36 × 10−7 S/cm. Moreover, the Li7La3Zr2O12 films were found to be electrochemically stable against lithium metal.
Identification of tumor-associated, MHC class II-restricted phosphopeptides as targets for immunotherapy (2009)

The activation and recruitment of CD4(+) T cells are critical for the development of efficient antitumor immunity and may allow for the optimization of current cancer immunotherapy strategies. Searching for more optimal and selective targets for CD4(+) T cells, we have investigated phosphopeptides, a new category of tumor-derived epitopes linked to proteins with vital cellular functions. Although MHC I-restricted phosphopeptides have been identified, it was previously unknown whether human MHC II molecules present phosphopeptides for specific CD4(+) T cell recognition. We first demonstrated the fine specificity of human CD4(+) T cells to discriminate a phosphoresidue by using cells raised against the candidate melanoma antigen mutant B-Raf or its phosphorylated counterpart. Then, we assessed the presence and complexity of human MHC II-associated phosphopeptides by analyzing 2 autologous pairs of melanoma and EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid lines. By using sequential affinity isolation, biochemical enrichment, mass spectrometric sequencing, and comparative analysis, a total of 175 HLA-DR-associated phosphopeptides were characterized. Many were derived from source proteins that may have roles in cancer development, growth, and metastasis. Most were expressed exclusively by either melanomas or transformed B cells, suggesting the potential to define cell type-specific phosphatome "fingerprints." We then generated HLA-DRbeta1*0101-restricted CD4(+) T cells specific for a phospho-MART-1 peptide identified in both melanoma cell lines. These T cells showed specificity for phosphopeptide-pulsed antigen-presenting cells as well as for intact melanoma cells. This previously undescribed demonstration of MHC II-restricted phosphopeptides recognizable by human CD4(+) T cells provides potential new targets for cancer immunotherapy.