gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of ultrasound on casein micelle integrity (2012)

Samples of fresh skim milk, reconstituted micellar casein, and casein powder were sonicated at 20 kHz to investigate the effect of ultrasonication. For fresh skim milk, the average size of the remaining fat globules was reduced by approximately 10 nm after 60 min of sonication; however, the size of the casein micelles was determined to be unchanged. A small increase in soluble whey protein and a corresponding decrease in viscosity also occurred within the first few minutes of sonication, which could be attributed to the breakup of casein-whey protein aggregates. No measurable changes in free casein content could be detected in ultracentrifuged skim milk samples sonicated for up to 60 min. A small, temporary decrease in pH resulted from sonication; however, no measurable change in soluble calcium concentration was observed. Therefore, casein micelles in fresh skim milk were stable during the exposure to ultrasonication. Similar results were obtained for reconstituted micellar casein, whereas larger viscosity changes were observed as whey protein content was increased. Controlled application of ultrasound can be usefully applied to reverse process-induced protein aggregation without affecting the native state of casein micelles.
Genetic Polymorphisms and Disease (1998)

To the Editor: Reports of the association of allelic variants with common diseases will soon accelerate, driven by the twin engines of genomic sequencing and the discovery of polymorphisms. Three r...
Folate analogues altered in the C9-N10 bridge region. 10-Oxafolic acid and 10-oxaaminopterin (1976)

The unambiguous synthesis of two folate analogues, in which the 10-amino group of folic acid was replaced with oxygen, is described. The synthetic sequence employed commercially available methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and n-(2,3-epoxypropyl)phthalimide as starting materials. The use of cesium bicarbonate as a coreactant in the nucleophilic displacement reaction between bromo ketone 3 and the nucleophile 4 was found to be unique in character. The aminoacetonyl oxime 7 obtained by the hydrazinolysis of 6 was used as a common intermediate for the synthesis of both compounds. The generality of the use of the TFA-HCL mixture to deprotect the carbonyl group of both 10 and 12 reductions involving sodium hydrosulfite in aqueous dmf were further substantiated by conversions of 11 and 13 to 14 and 15 quickly and efficiently without employing catalytic hydrogenations. Subsequent cyclizations, oxidations, and hydrolysis of these reduction products to the pteroate analogues 17 and 19 were carried out efficiently as described for the synthesis of the sulfur analogues. Activation of the carboxyl group of 19 by way of the mixed anhydride 22 and subsequent coupling to glutamic acid was carried out using the solid-phase coupling procedure. However, compound 17 required trifluoroacetylation to 20 prior to the coupling reaction due to solubility problems. Both 10-oxafolic acid (1) and 10-oxaaminopterin (2) showed potent antifolate activity when tested against two folate-requiring organisms. Compound 2 was a very powerful inhibitor of DCM-resistant lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase. The activity was comparable to that of methotrexate while the 4-hydroxy analogue did not show inhibition. 7,8-Dihydro-10-oxafolic acid failed to show any substrate activity to this enzyme and did not inhibit the enzymatic reaction when used with an equimolar concentration of the natural substrate.
Comparative and Evolutionary Analysis of the Bacterial Homologous Recombination Systems (2005)

Homologous recombination is a housekeeping process involved in the maintenance of chromosome integrity and generation of genetic variability. Although detailed biochemical studies have described the mechanism of action of its components in model organisms, there is no recent extensive assessment of this knowledge, using comparative genomics and taking advantage of available experimental data on recombination. Using comparative genomics, we assessed the diversity of recombination processes among bacteria, and simulations suggest that we missed very few homologs. The work included the identification of orthologs and the analysis of their evolutionary history and genomic context. Some genes, for proteins such as RecA, the resolvases, and RecR, were found to be nearly ubiquitous, suggesting that the large majority of bacterial genomes are capable of homologous recombination. Yet many genomes show incomplete sets of presynaptic systems, with RecFOR being more frequent than RecBCD/AddAB. There is a significant pattern of co-occurrence between these systems and antirecombinant proteins such as the ones of mismatch repair and SbcB, but no significant association with nonhomologous end joining, which seems rare in bacteria. Surprisingly, a large number of genomes in which homologous recombination has been reported lack many of the enzymes involved in the presynaptic systems. The lack of obvious correlation between the presence of characterized presynaptic genes and experimental data on the frequency of recombination suggests the existence of still-unknown presynaptic mechanisms in bacteria. It also indicates that, at the moment, the assessment of the intrinsic stability or recombination isolation of bacteria in most cases cannot be inferred from the identification of known recombination proteins in the genomes.
NMR structure of a minimized human agouti related protein prepared by total chemical synthesis (1999)

The structure of the chemically synthesized C-terminal region of the human agouti related protein (AGRP) was determined by 2D 1H NMR. Referred to as minimized agouti related protein, MARP is a 46 residue polypeptide containing 10 Cys residues involved in five disulfide bonds that retains the biological activity of full length AGRP. AGRP is a mammalian signaling molecule, involved in weight homeostasis, that causes adult onset obesity when overexpressed in mice. AGRP was originally identified by homology to the agouti protein, another potent signaling molecule involved in obesity disorders in mice. While AGRP's exact mechanism of action is unknown, it has been identified as a competitive antagonist of melanocortin receptors 3 and 4 (MC3r, MC4r), and MC4r in particular is implicated in the hypothalamic control of feeding behavior. Full length agouti and AGRP are only 25% homologous, however, their active C-terminal regions are approximately 40% homologous, with nine out of the 10 Cys residues spatially conserved. Until now, 3D structures have not been available for either agouti, AGRP or their C-terminal regions. The NMR structure of MARP reported here can be characterized as three major loops, with four of the five disulfide bridges at the base of the structure. Though its fold is well defined, no canonical secondary structure is identified. While previously reported structural models of the C-terminal region of AGRP were attempted based on Cys homology between AGRP and certain toxin proteins, we find that Cys spacing is not sufficient to correctly determine the 3D fold of the molecule.
Rapid Identification of Nonessential Genes of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 by Tn5 Mutagenesis (1987)

The large genome of herpes simplex virus type of (HSV-1) encodes at least 80 polypeptides, the majority of which have no recognized function. A subgroup of these gene products appears to be nonessential for virus replication in cell culture, but contributes to the complex life cycle of the virus in the host. To identify such functions, a simple insertional mutagenesis method has been used for selective inactivation of individual HSV-1 genes. The bacterial transposon Tn5 was allowed to insert randomly into cloned restriction fragments representing the entire short unique (US) region of the HSV-1 genome. Of the 12 open reading frames that were mutagenized with Tn5, mutant derivatives of US2, US4, and US5 were recombined into the virus. These three genes proved to be nonessential for HSV-1 replication in Vero (African Green monkey kidney) cells and the US4 gene appeared to be involved in viral pathogenesis in the central nervous system of mice. This rapid mutagenesis procedure should prove useful in exploring the entire HSV-1 genome as well as the genomes of other complex animal viruses.
A Unified Cloud Platform for Autonomous Driving (2017)

Tailoring cloud support for each autonomous-driving application would require maintaining multiple infrastructures, potentially resulting in low resource utilization, low performance, and high management overhead. To address this problem, the authors present a unified cloud infrastructure with Spark for distributed computing, Alluxio for distributed storage, and OpenCL to exploit heterogeneous computing resources for enhanced performance and energy efficiency.
Synergism and Lack of Cross-resistance Between Short-term and Continuous Exposure to Fluorouracil in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells (1993)

We are conducting a clinical trial of bolus methotrexate followed by continuous-infusion 5-FU plus leucovorin.
Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Antituberculosis Drugs to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Macrophages via Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (2012)

Delivery of antituberculosis drugs by nanoparticles offers potential advantages over free drug, including the potential to target specifically the tissues and cells that are infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, thereby simultaneously increasing therapeutic efficacy and decreasing systemic toxicity, and the capacity for prolonged release of drug, thereby allowing less-frequent dosing. We have employed mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP) drug delivery systems either equipped with a polyethyleneimine (PEI) coating to release rifampin or equipped with cyclodextrin-based pH-operated valves that open only at acidic pH to release isoniazid (INH) into M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. The MSNP are internalized efficiently by human macrophages, traffic to acidified endosomes, and release high concentrations of antituberculosis drugs intracellularly. PEI-coated MSNP show much greater loading of rifampin than uncoated MSNP and much greater efficacy against M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. MSNP were devoid of cytotoxicity at the particle doses employed for drug delivery. Similarly, we have demonstrated that the isoniazid delivered by MSNP equipped with pH-operated nanovalves kill M. tuberculosis within macrophages significantly more effectively than an equivalent amount of free drug. These data demonstrate that MSNP provide a versatile platform that can be functionalized to optimize the loading and intracellular release of specific drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Purification and partial sequence analysis of human T-cell growth factor. (1983)

A murine monoclonal antibody directed against human T-cell growth factor (TCGF) from the JURKAT cell line was used for affinity column purification of the factor. Bound TCGF was eluted nearly quantitatively at low pH, and the recovered factor appeared homogeneous by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The molecule is markedly hydrophobic, with a high content of leucine. A single NH2-terminal sequence of 36 residues was obtained by automated Edman degradation, further supporting the homogeneity of the material. Thus, significant quantities of purified TCGF have been prepared in a single step, making possible detailed analysis of its molecular structure and biological role.
High breakdown voltage Au/Pt/GaN Schottky diodes (2000)

Au/Pt/GaN Schottky diode rectifiers were fabricated with reverse breakdown voltage (VRB) up to 550 V on vertically depleting structures and &amp;gt;2000 V on lateral devices. The figure-of-merit (VRB)2/RON, where RON is the on-state resistance, had values between 4.2 and 4.8 MW cm−2. The reverse leakage currents and forward on-voltages were still somewhat higher than the theoretical minimum values, but were comparable to SiC Schottky rectifiers reported in the literature. These devices show promise for use in ultrahigh-power switches.
Developing Research Trends in the Chemistry of Plant Resistance to Pests (1986)

The development of crop plant varieties with resistance to insects and diseases has several advantages compared with other approaches to pest control because of economics, environmental considerations, and relative efficiency. In recent years, chemistry has begun to have an impact on selection of resistant lines. Growing amounts of information have been synthesized by chemists and cooperating biologists on the presence and roles of allelochemicals in resistant plants, suggesting that its application to selections may now be a realistic strategy. Developing research trends in the chemistry of plant resistance to pests are identified and reviewed.
Effet d'une dose unique de formotérol par voie d'aérosol-doseur chez l'enfant asthmatique. Une étude randomisée, contrôllée, en double aveugle. (1994)

The duration of action of inhaled formoterol, a new long-acting beta-2-agonist, was compared to inhaled salbutamol and placebo in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study in 16 children (8-12 years old) with stable moderate to serve asthma. Mean baseline FEV1 was 68 +/- 8% predicted. On the 4 study days, baseline FEV1 was within 15% of the FEV1 on visit 1. Two-three days apart, each patient inhaled either placebo, salbutamol (200 micrograms) formoterol (12 or 24 micrograms). FEV1 and PEF were measured repeatedly during 8 and 12 hours respectively. After formoterol, improvement over placebo remained significant at 8 hours for FEV1 (p = 0.006) and 12 hours for PEF (p = 0.01). When compared to salbutamol, it was significant at 8 hours for PEF (p = 0.03). There were no significant differences in lung function when comparing the 12 micrograms and 24 micrograms doses of formoterol. Side-effects were minimal.
Reaction Progress of Chromophore Biogenesis in Green Fluorescent Protein (2006)

The mature form of green fluorescent protein (GFP) is generated by a spontaneous self-modification process that is essentially irreversible. A key step in chromophore biosynthesis involves slow air oxidation of an intermediate species, in which the backbone atoms of residues 65-67 have condensed to form a five-membered heterocycle. We have investigated the kinetics of hydrogen peroxide evolution during in vitro GFP maturation and found that the H2O2 coproduct is generated prior to the acquisition of green fluorescence at a stoichiometry of 1:1 (peroxide/chromophore). The experimental progress curves were computer-fitted to a three-step mechanism, in which the first step proceeds with a time constant of 1.5 (+/-1.1) min and includes protein folding and peptide cyclization. Kinetic data obtained by HPLC analysis support a rapid cyclization reaction that can be reversed upon acid denaturation. The second step proceeds with a time constant of 34.0 (+/-1.5) min and entails rate-limiting protein oxidation, as supported by a mass loss of 2 Da observed for tryptic peptides derived from species that accumulate during the reaction. The final step in GFP maturation proceeds with a time constant of 10.6 (+/-1.2) min, suggesting that this step may contribute to overall rate retardation. We propose that under highly aerobic conditions, the dominant reaction path follows a cyclization-oxidation-dehydration mechanism, in which dehydration of the heterocycle is facilitated by slow proton abstraction from the Tyr66 beta-carbon. In combination, the results presented here suggest a role for molecular oxygen in trapping the cyclized form of GFP.
The carbonic anhydrases: Widening perspectives on their evolution, expression and function (1989)

Now, some 55 years after its discovery in bovine red cells, carbonic anhydrase (CA), in all its varied forms, continues to challenge and intrigue physiologists, biochemists and molecular geneticists. This is so because of an increasing awareness of the many apparently diverse functions of the different CA isozymes encoded by this large multigene family, the continuing discovery of new CA, or CA-related, genes, and the extensive variation in their hormonal control, cellular expression and subcellular localization.
Controlled Propulsion of Artificial Magnetic Nanostructured Propellers (2009)

For biomedical applications, such as targeted drug delivery and microsurgery, it is essential to develop a system of swimmers that can be propelled wirelessly in fluidic environments with good control. Here, we report the construction and operation of chiral colloidal propellers that can be navigated in water with micrometer-level precision using homogeneous magnetic fields. The propellers are made via nanostructured surfaces and can be produced in large numbers. The nanopropellers can carry chemicals, push loads, and act as local probes in rheological measurements.
Synthesis of Multi‐Functionalized Ketones through the Fukuyama Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Pearlman's Catalyst: Preparation of Ethyl 6‐Oxotridecanoate (2007)

Abstract Octanoic acid N,N ‐Dimethylaminopyridine 1,3‐Propanediamine Ethanethiol 2‐Dibromoethane Chlorotrimethylsilane Ethyl 5‐iodopentanoate Palladium hydroxide Ethyl pentanoate
Performance limiting micropipe defects in silicon carbide wafers (1994)

Reports on the characteristics of a major defect in mass-produced silicon carbide wafers which severely limits the performance of silicon carbide power devices. Micropipe defects originating in 4H- and 6H-SiC substrates were found to cause pre-avalanche reverse-bias point failures in most epitaxially-grown pn junction devices of 1 mm/sup 2/ or larger in area. Until such defects are significantly reduced from their present density (on the order of 100's of micropipes/cm/sup 2/), silicon carbide power device ratings will be restricted to around several amps or less.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Autoantibodies to nucleolin in systemic lupus erythematosus and other diseases (1991)

The 110-kDa intracellular phosphoprotein (110K) described previously by this laboratory as a common IgM autoantigen in SLE and certain other systemic autoimmune disorders and viral infections is identified as nucleolin in the present investigation. Using rabbit antiserum to rat nucleolin as a probe, IgM autoantibody-reactive 110K co-migrated with human lymphocyte nucleolin in one- and two-dimensional immunoblots. Rabbit anti-nucleolin also specifically depleted autoreactive 110K from detergent lysates of human cells. Because nucleolin shares amino acid sequence similarity and/or forms dynamic particles with other prominent autoantigens, the present observation raises the possibility that the nucleolin/anti-nucleolin system may be of special significance for the development of humoral autoreactivity to nuclear Ag.
Two-axis magnetically-driven MEMS scanning catheter for endoscopic high-speed optical coherence tomography (2007)

A two-axis scanning catheter was developed for 3D endoscopic imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The catheter incorporates a micro-mirror scanner implemented with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology: the micro-mirror is mounted on a two-axis gimbal comprised of folded flexure hinges and is actuated by magnetic field. The scanner can run either statically in both axes or at the resonant frequency (>= 350Hz) for the fast axis. The assembled catheter has an outer diameter of 2.8 mm and a rigid part of 12 mm in length. Its scanning range is +/- 20 in optical angle in both axes with low voltages (1 approximately 3V), resulting in a scannable length of approximately 1 mm at the surface in both axes, even with the small catheter size. The catheter was incorporated with a multi-functional SD-OCT system for 3D endoscopic imaging. Both intensity and polarization-sensitive images could be acquired simultaneously at 18.5K axial scans/s. In vivo 3D images of human fingertips and oral cavity tissue are presented as a demonstration.
AAC and Pediatric Palliative Care (2004)

No AccessPerspectives on Augmentative and Alternative CommunicationArticle1 Dec 2004AAC and Pediatric Palliative Care Sheela Stuart Sheela Stuart Children’s Hearing and Speech Center, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/aac13.4.12 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In References Bertman, S. (1999). Grief and the healing arts: Creativity as therapy. Amity-ville, NY: Baywood. Google Scholar Children’s National Medical Center (2003). Norms of practice for pediatric hospice palliative care. Washington, DC: Author. Google Scholar Corr, C. (1995). Children’s understanding of death: Striving to understand death.In K. J. Doka (Ed.), Children mourning, mourning children (pp. 8–10). Washington, DC: Hospice Foundation of America. Google Scholar Doka, K. (1993). Living with life-threatening illness. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. Google Scholar Faulkner, K. (2001). Children’s understanding of death.In A. Armstrong-Dailey & S. Zarbock (Eds.), Hospice care for children (2nd éd., pp. 9–22). New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar Furth, G. (1988). The secret world of drawings: Healing through art. Boston: Sigo Press. Google Scholar Himelstein, B., Hilden, J., Boldt, A., & Weissman, D. (2004). Medical progress: Pediatric palliative care.The New England Journal of Medicine, 350 (17), 1752–1762. Google Scholar Kenyon, B. (2001). Current research in children’s conceptions of death: A critical review.Omega Journal of Death and Dying, 43, 63–91. Google Scholar Kunin, H. (1997) Ethical issues in pediatric life-threatening illness: Dilemmas of consent, assent, and communication.Ethics Behavior, 7, 43–57. Google Scholar Meghani, S. (2004). A concept analysis of palliative care in the United States.Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46 (2), 152–161. Google Scholar Morrison, S., & Meier, D. (2004). Palliative care.The New England Journal of Medicine, 350 (25), 2582–2590. Google Scholar Sourkes, B., (1995). Armfuls of time: The psychological experience of the child with a life-threatening illness. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Google Scholar Yorkston, K. (1992). Augmentative communication in the medical setting. Tucson, AZ: Communication Skill Builders Google Scholar Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 13Issue 4December 2004Pages: 12-16 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Dec 1, 2004 Metrics Downloaded 102 times Topicsasha-topicsasha-article-typesasha-sigsCopyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF DownloadLoading ...