gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survivin promotes cell proliferation in human hepatocellular carcinoma (2000)

Survivin is a recently described inhibitor of apoptosis. Because suppression of apoptosis is important for carcinogenesis and tumor growth, we investigated the expression and function of survivin in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). We have shown that 4 HCC cell lines and 7 out of 8 human HCC tissues expressed survivin messenger RNA (mRNA), whereas expression of survivin mRNA was not detected in normal liver and nontumor areas of these tissues using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Survivin was detected primarily in the nucleus by immunofluorescence staining of HCC cells. In addition, 14 of 20 (70%) HCC tissues showed positive nuclear staining for survivin, whereas nontumor tissues showed little detectable staining by immunohistochemistry. Survivin expression strongly correlated with the proliferation index but not significantly with the apoptosis index in HCC tissues. Therefore, we performed cell cycle analysis after survivin transfection and showed that overexpression of survivin resulted in a decrease in the G(0)/G(1) phase and an increase in the S phase in all 4 HCC cell lines. Furthermore, we have found that survivin interacted with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) and overexpression of survivin released p21(WAF1/Cip1) (p21) from Cdk4. From these results, we conclude that survivin promotes cell proliferation by interacting with Cdk4 and releasing p21 from Cdk4. This may play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of human HCCs.
Interactions among Chymotryptic Troponin T Subfragments, Tropomyosin, Troponin I and Troponin C1 (1984)

The binding of various combinations of chymotryptic troponin T subfragments, troponin I and troponin C to tropomyosin, troponin C and troponin I was examined semiquantitatively by using affinity chromatography. The interaction between troponin T2 and troponin I intensified the interaction between troponin T2 (or troponin T) and tropomyosin. When a mixture of troponin T2 and troponin C was applied to a tropomyosin-Sepharose 4B column, neither troponin T2 nor troponin C was retained in the presence of Ca2+ ion, while only troponin T2 was bound in the absence of Ca2+ ion. Such a Ca2+-dependent effect was not observed with troponin T. Troponin T2 subfragments, except troponin T2 beta III, were retained by troponin C-Sepharose 4B in the presence of troponin I, even in the solution containing 1.0 M NaCl, in the presence and absence of Ca2+ ion. On the basis of these findings, the interactions among troponin components and tropomyosin are discussed.
Inhibitory Effects of Curcumin and Tetrahydrocurcuminoids on the Tumor Promoter‐induced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Leukocytes in vitro and in vivo (1998)

The inhibitory effects of curcumin and two tetrahydrocurcuminoids on tumor promoter-induced oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo were investigated. Curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) and dihydroxytetrahydrocurcumin (DHTHC) exhibited significant inhibitory effects on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced O2-generation in differentiated HL-60 cells. The inhibitory activity of THC was weaker than that of curcumin. This tendency was the inverse of the results of previous studies on in vitro antioxidative activity against lipid peroxidation. The curcuminoids inhibited TPA-induced intracellular peroxide formation in differentiated HL-60 cells. THC exhibited much weaker inhibition of intracellular peroxide formation than curcumin, suggesting that this inhibition might be attributable to the inhibition of O2-generation. The inhibitory effects of curcuminoids on TPA-induced H2O2 formation in female ICR mouse skin were further examined using the double-TPA-application model. Each TPA application induces two distinct biochemical events, 1) recruitment of inflammatory cells to the inflammatory regions and 2) activation of oxidant-producing cells. Double pretreatment of mice with curcuminoids before each TPA treatment significantly suppressed double TPA application-induced H2O2 formation in the mouse skin. Coadministrations of curcumin with either first or second TPA treatment significantly inhibited H2O2 formation. In addition, THC tends to show weaker inhibitory activities than curcumin in bioassays related to tumor promotion, i.e., inhibition of tumor promoter-induced inflammation in mouse skin and Epstein-Barr virus activation. These tendencies were parallel to those in the tumor-suppressive potential of curcumin and THC in mouse skin, as previously reported. Thus, we concluded that curcuminoids significantly suppress TPA-induced oxidative stress via both interference with infiltration of leukocytes into the inflammatory regions and inhibition of their activation.
A stable cell line carrying adenovirus-inducible rep and cap genes allows for infectivity titration of adeno-associated virus vectors. (1996)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are being developed for in vivo and ex vivo gene transfer to human cells. At present, widespread usage of AAV vectors is limited primarily by difficulties in generating recombinant virions on a scale sufficient for in-depth preclinical and clinical trials. However, recent work in several laboratories suggests that this technical obstacle should be overcome in the near future. As a result, it can be anticipated that the interest in AAV vectors will expand, Thus, it becomes important to develop assay systems that will permit accurate quantification of the infectivity of AAV vectors derived from a variety of sources. We have developed an assay using a cell line that expresses AAV helper functions (rep and cap) upon induction by adenovirus infection. This assay system is based on the replication of input rAAV genomes rather than transgene expression (transduction). Thus, infectivity titrations in this system yield an estimation of rAAV infectious particles irrespective of the promoter or transgene present in the vector genome. Moreover, this assay method is more sensitive than conventional methods being used in other laboratories.
Thin laser light sheet microscope for microbial oceanography (2002)

Despite a growing need, oceanographers are limited by existing technological constrains and are unable to observe aquatic microbes in their natural setting. In order to provide a simple and easy to implement solution for such studies, a new Thin Light Sheet Microscope (TLSM) has been developed. The TLSM utilizes a well-defined sheet of laser light, which has a narrow (23 micron) axial dimension over a 1 mm x 1 mm field of view. This light sheet is positioned precisely within the depth of field of the microscope's objective lens. The technique thus utilizes conventional microscope optics but replaces the illumination system. The advantages of the TLSM are two-fold: First, it concentrates light only where excitation is needed, thus maximizing the efficiency of the illumination source. Secondly, the TLSM maximizes image sharpness while at the same time minimizing the level of background noise. Particles that are not located within the objective's depth of field are not illuminated and therefore do not contribute to an out-of-focus image. Images from a prototype system that used SYBR Green I fluorescence stain in order to localize single bacteria are reported. The bacteria were in a relatively large and undisturbed volume of 4ml, which contained natural seawater. The TLSM can be used for fresh water studies of bacteria with no modification. The microscope permits the observation of interactions at the microscale and has potential to yield insights into how microbes structure pelagic ecosystems.
[Inhibition of human gastric cancer metastasis by ocreotide in vitro and in vivo]. (2002)

Octreotide inhibits the migration and invasion of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells in vitro and inhibits the metastasis of cancer in vivo. Tha mechanism may be down-regulation of MMP-2 expression and decrease of tumor angiogenesis.
A Monolithic Current-Mode CMOS DC–DC Converter With On-Chip Current-Sensing Technique (2004)

A monolithic current-mode CMOS DC-DC converter with integrated power switches and a novel on-chip current sensor for feedback control is presented in this paper. With the proposed accurate on-chip current sensor, the sensed inductor current, combined with the internal ramp signal, can be used for current-mode DC-DC converter feedback control. In addition, no external components and no extra I/O pins are needed for the current-mode controller. The DC-DC converter has been fabricated with a standard 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The measured absolute error between the sensed signal and the inductor current is less than 4%. Experimental results show that this converter with on-chip current sensor can operate from 300 kHz to 1 MHz with supply voltage from 3 to 5.2 V, which is suitable for single-cell lithium-ion battery supply applications. The output ripple voltage is about 20 mV with a 10-/spl mu/F off-chip capacitor and 4.7-/spl mu/H off-chip inductor. The power efficiency is over 80% for load current from 50 to 450 mA.
The Mechanism of Timolol in Lowering Intraocular Pressure (1978)

A single-drop, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the mechanism of the ocular-pressure lowering property of timolol maleate, a beta-adrenergic blocker, was carried out in 23 normal subjects, using fluorophotometry. Timolol suppressed aqueous formation in all subjects. The range of suppression was 13% to 48%, with a mean +/- SD of 34% +/- 9%. The drug had no effect on anterior chamber volume or endothelial permeability to fluorescein and, apparently, had no effect on outflow resistance. No differences were observed between its effect on men and women or between eyes with light and dark irides.
Glanders: off to the races withBurkholderia mallei (2007)

Burkholderia mallei, the etiologic agent of the disease known as glanders, is primarily a disease affecting horses and is transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected animals. The use of B. mallei as a biological weapon has been reported and currently, there is no vaccine available for either humans or animals. Despite the history and highly infective nature of B. mallei, as well as its potential use as a bio-weapon, B. mallei research to understand the pathogenesis and the host responses to infection remains limited. Therefore, this minireview will focus on current efforts to elucidate B. mallei virulence, the associated host immune responses elicited during infection and discuss the feasibility of vaccine development.
Microvalve with ultra-low leakage (2002)

This paper reports a reduction of microvalve leakage based on precise measurements of leak and flow rates. The tight contact between a valve cap and seat, which is obtained by nanometer-scale flat surfaces and by self-alignment of the cap and seat-bore, makes the leakage from a microvalve ultra-low. The leak and flow rates are determined by precisely measuring pressure changes when introducing helium gas into a flow line. We have, consequently, attained a leak rate as low as 5.8/spl times/10/sup -10/ Pa.m/sup 3//s and a flow rate ranging from 4.0/spl times/10/sup -6/ to 3.2/spl times/10/sup -4/ Pa.m/sup 3//s.
The chimeric leucine-rich repeat/extensin cell wall protein LRX1 is required for root hair morphogenesis inArabidopsis thaliana (2001)

In plants, the cell wall is a major determinant of cell morphogenesis. Cell enlargement depends on the tightly regulated expansion of the wall, which surrounds each cell. However, the qualitative and quantitative mechanisms controlling cell wall enlargement are still poorly understood. Here, we report the molecular and functional characterization of LRX1, a new Arabidopsis gene that encodes a chimeric leucine-rich repeat/extensin protein. LRX1 is expressed in root hair cells and the protein is specifically localized in the wall of the hair proper, where it becomes insolubilized during development. lrx1-null mutants, isolated by a reverse-genetic approach, develop root hairs that frequently abort, swell, or branch. Complementation and overexpression experiments using modified LRX1 proteins indicate that the interaction with the cell wall is important for LRX1 function. These results suggest that LRX1 is an extracellular component of a mechanism regulating root hair morphogenesis and elongation by controlling either polarized growth or cell wall formation and assembly.
A New Model of Glaucoma Filtering Surgery in the Rat (2004)

Cannulated filtering surgery in the rat provides a longer lasting and more predictable model than needle tract sclerostomy for studying wound healing following GFS and may facilitate the study of induced changes at the gene level.
A Comprehensive Economic Stimulus for our Failing Economy (2009)

This paper presents a comprehensive plan to fix the ailing American economy, through a five-step approach. First, the Federal Reserve must continue to broaden the scope of monetary policy, by purchasing and selling long-term securities. Manipulating expectations through FOMC statements is another tool at the Federal Reserve’s disposal. Secondly, the government must enact fiscal stimulus to stabilize the economy in the short and medium runs, through investment in infrastructure projects, green technology, fusion technology, and science education. Additionally, the new fiscal policy must tackle the mortgage meltdown, which is weighing down the entire economy. Third, the regulatory system must be changed to reduce the likelihood of another financial collapse, starting with the nationalization of the ratings agencies. Ratings should be updated faster, with a numeric grading system rather than the pre-existing letter grades. Fourth, our globalized economy insures that a coordinated globalized response is necessary to recover. Global cooperation to reduce inflation and avoid protectionist policies is vital. Finally, the American bailout policy must be made clear, only giving bailouts to companies that are sound but financially strapped and those that are too big to fail.
Three-dimensional nanochannels formed by fast etching of polymer (2006)

Nanochannels are widely used in biomedical applications such as DNA analysis and biomolecule detection. We report a study using sacrificial polymer and oxide to form three-dimensional (3D) nanochannels. Polymer nanostructures were patterned on Si substrates using optical lithography or nanoimprint lithography, followed by oxide deposition to form the sealed channels. A high-speed dry etching technique for removing the sacrificial polymer was developed using an O2 plasma at high power, high pressure, and elevated temperature. This dry etching technique provides a fast lateral etch rate of 3.91μm∕min for the polymer inside nanochannels, which is an order of magnitude higher than conventional reactive ion etching. High selectivity of 1200 was obtained between the lateral etch rate of polymer inside the nanochannels and the vertical etch rate of oxide. Etch rate dependence on pressure, temperature, and channel width were studied. It was found that the etch rate increases with pressure and temperature. To form multiple levels of nanochannels, the oxide covering the channels was planarized by a photoresist coating and etch-back process. After oxide planarization, the channel formation process is repeated and multiple levels of nanochannels can be stacked to build 3D nanostructures. A two-level channel structure was demonstrated. Interconnect openings between channels of adjacent levels were also demonstrated. With such technique, complex 3D system can be fabricated. Since oxide is transparent to visible light and the channels have hydrophilic surfaces, therefore such a 3D nanofluidic system is suitable for various biomedical studies.
Depression and suicide attempt as risk factors for incident unprovoked seizures (2005)

Major depression has been shown to increase the risk for development of epilepsy, but prior studies have not evaluated whether this is due to specific symptoms of depression. We conducted a population-based case-control study of all newly diagnosed unprovoked seizures among Icelandic children and adults aged 10 years and older to test the hypothesis that major depression is a risk factor for developing unprovoked seizure and epilepsy, and to address whether specific symptoms of depression account for this increased risk. Cases were matched to the next two same sex births from the population registry. Using standardized interviews, we ascertained symptoms of major depression to make a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnosis. A history of major depression was 1.7-fold more common among cases than among controls (95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.7). A history of attempted suicide was 5.1-fold more common among cases than among controls (95% confidence interval, 2.2-11.5). Attempted suicide increased seizure risk even after adjusting for age, sex, cumulative alcohol intake, and major depression or number of symptoms of depression. Major depression and attempted suicide independently increase the risk for unprovoked seizure. These data suggest that depression and suicide attempt may be due to different underlying neurochemical pathways, each of which is important in the development of epilepsy.
A new potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo, the hepatoprotective drug anisyldithiolthione (1986)

The drug anisyldithiolthione (ADT) acted as a good inhibitor of lipid peroxidation induced in rat liver microsomes either chemically by FeSO4 and reducing agents (cysteine or ascorbate) or enzymatically by NADPH and CC14. ADT was found as potent as propylgallate with IC50 around 2 microM and much more potent than vitamin E and levamisole. ADT was also found as a good inhibitor of ethane exhalation by rats treated by CCI4 (ID50 approximately 5mg per kg) and by mice intoxicated by acetaminophen (ID50 approximately 0.7 mg per kg). At doses as low as 5 mg per kg it completely suppressed ethane exhalation by acetaminophen-intoxicated mice and also protected them very efficiently against mortality caused by acetaminophen overdose. The inhibitory effect of ADT toward lipid peroxidation seems to be linked to the presence of its dithiolthione function.
Image-Guided Tissue Engineering of Anatomically Shaped Implants via MRI and Micro-CT Using Injection Molding (2008)

This study demonstrates for the first time the development of engineered tissues based on anatomic geometries derived from widely used medical imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Computer-aided design and tissue injection molding techniques have demonstrated the ability to generate living implants of complex geometry. Due to its complex geometry, the meniscus of the knee was used as an example of this technique's capabilities. MRI and microcomputed tomography (microCT) were used to design custom-printed molds that enabled the generation of anatomically shaped constructs that retained shape throughout 8 weeks of culture. Engineered constructs showed progressive tissue formation indicated by increases in extracellular matrix content and mechanical properties. The paradigm of interfacing tissue injection molding technology can be applied to other medical imaging techniques that render 3D models of anatomy, demonstrating the potential to apply the current technique to engineering of many tissues and organs.
Induction of homotypic T cell adhesion by triggering of leukocyte function‐associated antigen‐1α (CD11a): differential effects on resting and activated T cells (1992)

The leukocyte integrin LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) plays a key role in many adhesive interactions involving cells of the immune system. Recently, it has been shown that LFA-1 is not only involved in cell adhesion, but that stimulation of LFA-1 can also contribute to cell activation. We now demonstrate that triggering of LFA-1 on T lymphocytes by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the LFA-1 alpha chain, but not against the LFA-1 beta chain, promotes cell adhesion. Induction of homotypic adhesion was only observed in T cells that had been pre-activated with anti-CD3 and not in resting peripheral blood T lymphocytes. The induced homotypic adhesion is mediated by LFA-itself, because it was inhibited by anti-LFA-1 beta mAb. This notion is supported by the temperature and divalent cation dependence which is characteristic of LFA-1-mediated adhesion. mAb against ICAM-1 (CD54) did not block LFA-1 alpha-induced adhesion. The sensitivity of LFA-1 alpha-induced adhesion to H7, which prevents the activation of protein kinase C and protein kinase A, and to cytochalasin B, which inhibits microfilament formation, suggests that the activation of the LFA-1 pathway through the LFA-1 alpha chain involves cell activation and requires an intact cytoskeleton.
Importance of integrin LFA-1 deactivation for the generation of immune responses (2005)

The dynamic regulation of ligand binding is considered crucial for integrin function. However, the importance of activity regulation for integrin function in vivo is largely unknown. Here, we have applied gene targeting to delete the GFFKR sequence of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) alpha(L) subunit cytoplasmic domain in mouse germline. Lymphocytes from Lfa-1(d/d) mutant mice showed constitutive activation of LFA-1-mediated cell adhesion and impaired de-adhesion from intercellular adhesion molecule-1 that resulted in defective cell migration. In contrast, signaling through LFA-1 was not affected in Lfa-1(d/d) cells. T cell activation by superantigen-loaded and allogeneic APCs, cytotoxic T cell activity, T-dependent humoral immune responses, and neutrophil recruitment during aseptic peritonitis were impaired in Lfa-1(d/d) mice. Thus, deactivation of LFA-1 and disassembly of LFA-1-mediated cell contacts seem to be vital for the generation of normal immune responses.
<title>Laser prophylaxis and treatment of primary caries</title> (1995)

The light of He-Ne laser is widely used for the treatment of many stomatological diseases. The caries static activity of a helium-neon laser (HNL) light, its influence ont he activation of microcirculation of the pulpenzyme system and on the increase of enamel permeability became clear nowadays. These data allow to suppose that the Ne-Ne light may potent the activity of the initial caries by the increase of teeth stability to the factors provoking the caries.
One-pot chemo-enzymatic synthesis of reporter-modified proteins (2005)

To meet recent advancements in the covalent reporter labeling of proteins, we propose a flexible synthesis for reporter analogs. Here we demonstrate a one-pot chemo-enzymatic synthesis of reporter-labeled proteins that allows the covalent tethering of any amine-terminal fluorescent or affinity label to a carrier protein or fusion construct. This two-reaction sequence consists of activated panthothenate coupling, biosynthetic conversion to the coenzyme A (CoA) analog, and enzymatic carrier protein modification via phosphopantetheinyltransferase (PPTase). We also probe substrate specificity for CoAA, the first enzyme in the pathway. With this approach CoA analogs may be rapidly prepared, thus permitting the regiospecific attachment of reporter moieties from a variety of molecular species.
Clinical Use of Injectable Collagen: A Three-Year Retrospective Review (1984)

Collagen implants (Zyderm) have found extensive applications in the adjunctive management of the aging face and in the primary treatment of cutaneous defects resulting from acne, trauma, or prior surgery. Our initial clinical experience from 1979 to 1982 involving more than 300 patients is analyzed for treatment efficacy, duration, and untoward responses. A majority of our patients are clearly pleased. Likewise, our confidence has increased as our experience evolved. Positive skin tests number 3.5% and delayed hypersensitivity reactions 1.3%. We have found injectable collagen relatively easy to use as well as safe and effective. Further research may enable prolonged results.