gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat-Set Gel-like Networks of Lipophilic Co(II) Triazole Complexes in Organic Media and Their Thermochromic Structural Transitions (2004)

A novel class of thermally responsive supramolecular assemblies is formed from the lipophilic cobalt(II) complexes of 4-alkylated 1,2,4-triazoles. When an ether linkage is introduced in the alkylchain moiety, a blue gel-like phase is formed in chloroform, even at very low concentration (ca. 0.01 wt %, at room temperature). The blue color is accompanied by a structured absorption around 580-730 nm, which is characteristic of cobalt (II) in the tetrahedral (T(d)) coordination. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the gel-like phase confirms the formation of networks of fibrous nanoassemblies with widths of 5-30 nm. The observed widths are larger than a molecular length of the triazole ligand (ca. 2.2 nm) and they are consisted of aggregates of T(d) coordination polymers. Very interestingly, the blue gel-like phase turned into a solution by cooling below 25 degrees C. A pale pink solution is obtained at 0 degrees C, indicating the formation of octahedral (O(h)) complexes. The observed thermochromic transition is totally reversible. The formation of gel-like networks by heating is contrary to the conventional organogels, which dissolve upon heating. Temperature dependence of the storage and loss moduli (G' and G") shows minima around at 27 degrees C, at which temperature they gave comparable values. On the other hand, G' exceeds G" both in the gel-like phase (temperature above 27 degrees C) and in the solution phase (temperature below 25 degrees C). These observations indicate that T(d) complexes are present as low-molecular weight species around at 25-27 degrees C. They are self-assembled to polymeric T(d) complexes by heating and form gel-like networks. Upon cooling the solution below 25 degrees C, T(d) complexes are converted to O(h) complexes and they also self-assemble into oligomeric or polymeric species at lower temperatures. The observed unique thermochromic transition (pink solution --> blue gel-like phase) is accompanied by an exothermic peak in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and is shown to be an enthalpy-driven process. The lipophilic modification of one-dimensional coordination systems provides unique solution properties and it would be widely applicable to the design of thermoresponsive, self-assembling molecular wires.
Adenovirus E1A renders infected cells sensitive to cytolysis by tumor necrosis factor. (1989)

TNF is a multifunctional protein that is secreted by activated macrophages and is believed to have antiviral properties. We reported previously that certain murine fibroblasts infected with group C human adenoviruses become sensitive to cytolysis by TNF, and that a 14,700 m.w. (14.7K) protein encoded by the E3 transcription unit protects the cells from TNF cytolysis. We now report the mapping of the adenovirus genes that induce sensitivity to TNF cytolysis. Experiments using hydroxyurea or 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine showed that sensitivity is conferred by an early gene. Further mapping was done by infecting cells with double mutants that lack both the TNF protection function of the E3-14.7K protein and various other early genes and testing infected cells for TNF sensitivity. Using this method we found that none of the genes in regions E1B, E3, E4, or VA1-RNA are involved in creating the TNF-sensitive cellular phenotype. However, TNF did not lyse cells infected with dl312, an adenovirus mutant that lacks the 14.7K gene plus region E1A, suggesting that the E1A proteins are required to induce sensitivity to TNF. Mutants dl237 and 13SWT, which produce only the 12S (243R) or 13S (289R) E1A proteins, respectively, do render infected cells sensitive to TNF, indicating that both proteins provide this function. Finally, E1A-transfected cells, which are sensitive to TNF killing, do not become more sensitive when infected with dl312, thus indicating that E1A alone among adenovirus genes is responsible for the TNF susceptibility of infected cells.
Analysis of the Yokeless And Segmented Armature Machine (2007)

This paper presents a new type of axial flux motor, the yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) topology. The YASA motor has no stator yoke, a high fill factor and short end windings which all increase torque density and efficiency of the machine. Thus, the topology is highly suited for high performance applications. The LIFEcar project is aimed at producing the world's first hydrogen sports car, and the first YASA motors have been developed specifically for the vehicle. The stator segments have been made using powdered iron material which enables the machine to be run up to 300 Hz. The iron in the stator of the YASA motor is dramatically reduced when compared to other axial flux motors, typically by 50%, causing an overall increase in torque density of around 20%. A detailed Finite Element analysis (FEA) analysis of the YASA machine is presented and it is shown that the motor has a peak efficiency of over 95%.
Crystal Structure of Human Sex Hormone-binding Globulin in Complex with 2-Methoxyestradiol Reveals the Molecular Basis for High Affinity Interactions with C-2 Derivatives of Estradiol (2002)

In a crystal structure of the amino-terminal laminin G-like domain of human sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the biologically active estrogen metabolite, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2), binds in the same orientation as estradiol. The high affinity of SHBG for 2-MeOE2 relies primarily on hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl at C-3 of 2-MeOE2 and Asp(65) and an interaction between the methoxy group at C-2 and the amido group of Asn(82). Accommodation of the 2-MeOE2 methoxy group causes an outward displacement of residues Ser(128)-Pro(130), which appears to disorder and displace the loop region (Leu(131)-His(136)) that covers the steroid-binding site. This could influence the binding kinetics of 2-MeOE2 and/or facilitate ligand-dependent interactions between SHBG and other proteins. Occupancy of a zinc-binding site reduces the affinity of SHBG for 2-MeOE2 and estradiol in the same way. The higher affinity of SHBG for estradiol derivatives with a halogen atom at C-2 is due to either enhanced hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl at C-3 and Asp(65) (2-fluoroestradiol) or accommodation of the functional group at C-2 (2-bromoestradiol), rather than an interaction with Asn(82). By contrast, the low affinity of SHBG for 2-hydroxyestradiol can be attributed to intra-molecular hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyls in the aromatic steroid ring A, which generates a steric clash with the amido group of Asn(82). Understanding how C-2 derivatives of estradiol interact with SHBG could facilitate the design of biologically active synthetic estrogens.
SRC-3 Is Required for Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation and Survival (2005)

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in America. Currently, steroid receptor coactivators have been proposed to mediate the development and progression of prostate cancer, at times in a steroid-independent manner. Steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3, p/CIP, AIB1, ACTR, RAC3, and TRAM-1) is a member of the p160 family of coactivators for nuclear hormone receptors including the androgen receptor. SRC-3 is frequently amplified or overexpressed in a number of cancers. However, the role of SRC-3 in cancer cell proliferation and survival is still poorly understood. In this study, we show that SRC-3 is overexpressed in prostate cancer patients and its overexpression correlates with prostate cancer proliferation and is inversely correlated with apoptosis. Consistent with patient data, we have observed that reduction of SRC-3 expression by small interfering RNA decreases proliferation, delays the G1-S transition, and increases cell apoptosis of different prostate cancer cell lines. Furthermore, with decreased SRC-3 expression, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Bcl-2 expression, as well as bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in prostate cancer cells are reduced. Finally, knockdown of SRC-3 with inducible short hairpin RNA expression in prostate cancer cells decreased tumor growth in nude mice. Taken together, these findings indicate that SRC-3 is an important regulator of prostate cancer proliferation and survival.
Desmin-regulated Lentiviral Vectors for Skeletal Muscle Gene Transfer (2009)

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are highly attractive as a gene therapy agent as they are able to stably integrate their genomes in both dividing and nondividing cells and, in principle, provide long-term therapeutic benefit. However, their performance in skeletal muscle in adult animals has, to date, been disappointing. In order to gain clearer insight into their utility in this tissue type, we have conducted an extensive quantitative comparison of constitutive and muscle-specific promoter activities in skeletal muscle and nonmuscle systems following LV delivery in cell lines and neonatal mice. Our data show that LV delivery to hind leg skeletal muscle of neonatal mouse results in long-term transgene expression in adulthood. We find that the human desmin (DES) promoter/enhancer is the first muscle-specific control region to match the activity of the highly active constitutive human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) promoter/enhancer in skeletal muscle within a LV context both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the DES promoter/enhancer provides six- to eightfold greater expression per viral copy than the muscle-specific human muscle creatine kinase (CKM) promoter/enhancer. DES also confers a more reproducible and tissue-specific transgene expression profile compared to CKM and is therefore a highly attractive regulatory element for use in muscle gene therapy vectors.
Exokernel (1995)

article Free Access Share on Exokernel: an operating system architecture for application-level resource management Authors: D. R. Engler M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MA M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MAView Profile , M. F. Kaashoek M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MA M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MAView Profile , J. O'Toole M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MA M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 29Issue 5Dec. 3, 1995 pp 251–266https://doi.org/10.1145/224057.224076Published:03 December 1995Publication History 705citation14,212DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations705Total Downloads14,212Last 12 Months1,099Last 6 weeks302 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Patterning a Preformed, Reactive SAM Using Microcontact Printing (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPatterning a Preformed, Reactive SAM Using Microcontact PrintingLin Yan, Xiao-Mei Zhao, and George M. WhitesidesView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 24, 6179–6180Publication Date (Web):June 9, 1998Publication History Received9 March 1998Published online9 June 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980770zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980770zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1183Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amides,Amines,Gold,Metal nanoparticles,Thiols Get e-Alerts
[Aortic stiffness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease concurrent with ischemic heart disease]. (2010)

In COPD concurrent with CHD, central arterial stiffness is drastically increased as compared to that in healthy individuals and patients with COPD alone. There are no differences in the values of coronary perfusion in isolated COPD and its association with CHD, suggesting that COPD is of its own value in the formation of a cardiovascular risk. The correlation between the major parameters of aortic stiffness and the level of hypoxemia, on the one hand, and decreased lung ventilation function, on the other, testify their great contribution to the increase in the stiffness of elastic-type vessel walls in CHD-associated COPD.
Activation of the hedgehog pathway in human hepatocellular carcinomas (2006)

Liver cancers, the majority of which are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), rank as the fourth in cancer mortality worldwide and are the most rapidly increasing type of cancer in the United States. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC development are not well understood. Activation of the hedgehog pathway is shown to be involved in several types of gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we provide evidence to indicate that hedgehog signaling activation occurs frequently in HCC. We detect expression of Shh, PTCH1 and Gli1 in 115 cases of HCC and in 44 liver tissues adjacent to the tumor. Expression of Shh is detectable in about 60% of HCCs examined. Consistent with this, hedgehog target genes PTCH1 and Gli1 are expressed in over 50% of the tumors, suggesting that the hedgehog pathway is frequently activated in HCCs. Of five cell lines screened, we found Hep3B, Huh7 and PLC/PRF/5 cells with detectable hedgehog target genes. Specific inhibition of hedgehog signaling in these three cell lines by smoothened (SMO) antagonist, KAAD-cyclopamine, or with Shh neutralizing antibodies decreases expression of hedgehog target genes, inhibits cell growth and results in apoptosis. In contrast, no effects are observed after these treatments in HCC36 and HepG2 cells, which do not have detectable hedgehog signaling. Thus, our data indicate that hedgehog signaling activation is an important event for development of human HCCs.
Invariant performance: a statement of task isolation useful for embedded application integration (2003)

We describe the challenge of embedded application integration and argue that the conventional formal verification approach of proving abstract behavior is not useful in this domain. We introduce invariant performance, a formulation of task isolation useful for application integration. We demonstrate invariant performance by formalizing it in the logic of PVS for a simple yet realistic embedded system.
Computer-Assisted Stereotactic Brain Operations by Means Including Computerized Axial Tomography (1978)

With a computerized program system for stereotactic brain operations it becomes possible for the first time to react even before running a possible risk, e.g., in case of punctures in the midbrain, the brain stem, or in the hypothalamus, by simulating the operative procedure even before starting the operation itself. This is effected by the ability to change the penetration angle of the electrode or by choosing a different point of trepanation. The inclusion of computerized axial tomography, especially through the presentation of the CT scan, made to measure with the help of the linear transformation, and of the input of the cranial and ventricular coordinates through a digitizer, together with the coordinates resulting from the X-ray picture, brings the definition of the target point to a still greater optimum. Thus the safety and the precision of the stereotactic operation have been improved even further.
Getting Intersectional in Museums (2014)

Museum professionals have long grappled with the problems of identity-based exclusion within museum exhibits, programs, and collections. Considering the diversity of race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality in our communities, including the stories of all the identities that make up our communities has proven to be a challenge. The idea that identities do not operate alone but intersect with each other in dynamic and complex ways—that identities are intersectional—presents new possibilities for solving the challenges of identity-based inclusion. This article briefly introduces the foundations of intersectional theory and how this theory addresses challenges faced by museum professionals. Specific examples of how this critical feminist approach might function in museum spaces are presented. Building on these examples, this essay investigates the practical possibilities for addressing the challenges of identity-based inclusion in museum work.
Design and Experimental Evolution of trans-Splicing Group I Intron Ribozymes (2017)

Group I intron ribozymes occur naturally as <i>cis</i>-splicing ribozymes, in the form of introns that do not require the spliceosome for their removal. Instead, they catalyze two consecutive <i>trans</i>-phosphorylation reactions to remove themselves from a primary transcript, and join the two flanking exons. Designed, <i>trans</i>-splicing variants of these ribozymes replace the 3'-portion of a substrate with the ribozyme's 3'-exon, replace the 5'-portion with the ribozyme's 5'-exon, or insert/remove an internal sequence of the substrate. Two of these designs have been evolved experimentally in cells, leading to variants of group I intron ribozymes that splice more efficiently, recruit a cellular protein to modify the substrate's gene expression, or elucidate evolutionary pathways of ribozymes in cells. Some of the artificial, <i>trans</i>-splicing ribozymes are promising as tools in therapy, and as model systems for RNA evolution in cells. This review provides an overview of the different types of <i>trans</i>-splicing group I intron ribozymes that have been generated, and the experimental evolution systems that have been used to improve them.
Hepatitis C virus and hepatocellualr carcinoma (1994)

In the short time that the hepatitis C virus has been known to be the major cause of parenterally acquired non-A, non-B hepatitis, it has become increasingly apparent that chronic infection with this virus is closely associated with the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Evidence for the link is provided mainly by case/control studies and case series but also by longitudinal studies. The proportion of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who have circulating antibody to hepatitis C virus shows a pronounced geographical variation. In Japan, Spain, and Italy antibody is present in 47-83% of the patients, with relative risks of 52 (95% confidence interval 24-114) in Japanese and 69 (15-308) in Italian carriers of the virus. In regions where hepatitis B virus infection is endemic and is the major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, antibody to hepatitis C virus is present in the serum of a smaller proportion (6-39%) of patients, with relative risks of 7 (1.6-39) in Taiwan and 6 (0.5-69) in Senegal. Comparatively low prevalences (13-35%) have also been recorded in the remaining geographical regions for which information is available, with relative risks of 10.4 (4-26) in Greece and 10.5 (3.5-31) in North America. There is some evidence for an interaction between hepatitis C and B viruses in hepatocellular carcinogenesis, but this remains to be proved. In most populations hepatocellular carcinoma develops at an older age in patients with hepatitis C virus-induced tumours than in those with hepatitis B virus-induced tumours. The pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma is unknown. Because it always arises in association with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis and because there is no evidence that the virus is directly carcinogenic, it appears that hepatitis C virus induces malignant transformation indirectly by causing chronic necroinflammatory hepatic disease which in turn is responsible for tumour formation.
Los partidos políticos en las democracias latinoamericanas (1999)

Si algún elemento político caracateriza más decisivamente la vida democrática de los Estados modernos, ese no es otro que los partidos políticos. Los partidos están en el centro de las transformaciones y la dinámica interna del poder político en sus variantes de representación, identidad y legitmidad. La ciencia política se ha visto fortalecida recientemente con el trabajo de punta sobre la materia, aquellos que por su gran contenido explicativo se consideran verdaderos modelo teóricos, porque aunque hayan sido pensados para dar cuenta del funcionamiento de los partidos en las democracias liberales, clásicas sobreviven y siguen influyendo por su potencial heurístico y son tomados en cuenta como herramientas de análisis útiles.
Discontinuation of Maintenance Therapy for Cryptococcal Meningitis in Patients with AIDS Treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: An International Observational Study (2004)

We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study evaluating the safety of discontinuing maintenance therapy for cryptococcal meningitis after immune reconstitution. Inclusion criteria were a previous definitive diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis, a CD4 cell count of >100 cells/microL while receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and the subsequent discontinuation of maintenance therapy for cryptococcal meningitis. The primary end point was relapse of cryptococcal disease. As of July 2002, 100 patients were enrolled. When maintenance therapy was discontinued, the median CD4 cell count was 259 cells/microL and the median plasma virus load was <2.30 log10 copies/mL, and serum cryptococcal antigen was undetectable in 56 patients. During a median follow-up period of 28.4 months (range, 6.7-64.5; 262 person-years), 4 events were observed (incidence, 1.53 events per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-3.92). Three of these patients had a CD4 cell count of >100 cells/microL and a positive serum cryptococcal antigen test result during the recurrent episode. In conclusion, discontinuation of maintenance therapy for cryptococcal meningitis is safe if the CD4 cell count increases to >100 cells/microL while receiving HAART. Recurrent cryptococcal infection should be suspected in patients whose serum cryptococcal antigen test results revert back to positive after discontinuation of maintenance therapy.