gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The comparison effects of intra-articular injection of different opioids on postoperative pain relieve after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A randomized clinical trial study. (2011)

Administering 5 mg intra-articular morphine after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is a valuable choice and is recommended to be added to other local anesthetics administrated drugs after this procedure.
Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency in Parkinson's Disease (1990)

The structure and function of mitochondrial respiratory-chain enzyme proteins were studied postmortem in the substantia nigra of nine patients with Parkinson's disease and nine matched controls. Total protein and mitochondrial mass were similar in the two groups. NADH-ubiquinone reductase (Complex I) and NADH cytochrome c reductase activities were significantly reduced, whereas succinate cytochrome c reductase activity was normal. These results indicated a specific defect of Complex I activity in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease. This biochemical defect is the same as that produced in animal models of parkinsonism by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and adds further support to the proposition that Parkinson's disease may be due to an environmental toxin with action(s) similar to those of MPTP.
Protein trans -splicing by a split intein encoded in a split DnaE gene of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (1998)

A split intein capable of protein trans-splicing is identified in a DnaE protein of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. The N- and C-terminal halves of DnaE (catalytic subunit alpha of DNA polymerase III) are encoded by two separate genes, dnaE-n and dnaE-c, respectively. These two genes are located 745,226 bp apart in the genome and on opposite DNA strands. The dnaE-n product consists of a N-extein sequence followed by a 123-aa intein sequence, whereas the dnaE-c product consists of a 36-aa intein sequence followed by a C-extein sequence. The N- and C-extein sequences together reconstitute a complete DnaE sequence that is interrupted by the intein sequences inside the beta- and tau-binding domains. The two intein sequences together reconstitute a split mini-intein that not only has intein-like sequence features but also exhibited protein trans-splicing activity when tested in Escherichia coli cells.
Requirement for posttranslational processing of Rac GTP-binding proteins for activation of human neutrophil NADPH oxidase. (1993)

Rac1 and Rac2 are closely related, low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins that have both been implicated in regulation of phagocyte NADPH oxidase. This enzyme system is composed of multiple membrane-bound and cytosolic subunits and when activated catalyzes the one-electron reduction of oxygen to superoxide. Superoxide and its highly reactive derivatives are essential for killing microorganisms. Rac proteins undergo posttranslational processing, primarily the addition of an isoprenyl group to a carboxyl-terminal cysteine residue. We directly compared recombinant Rac1 and Rac2 in a human neutrophil cell-free NADPH oxidase system in which cytosol was replaced by purified recombinant cytosolic components (p47-phox and p67-phox). Processed Rac1 and Rac2 were both highly active in this system and supported comparable rates of superoxide production. Under different cell-free conditions, however, in which suboptimal amounts of cytosol were present in the assay mixture, processed Rac2 worked much better than Rac1 at all but the lowest concentrations. This suggests that a factor in the cytosol may suppress the activity of Rac1 but not of Rac2. Unprocessed Rac proteins were only weakly able to support superoxide generation in either system, but preloading of Rac1 or Rac2 with guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio-triphosphate) (GTP gamma S) restored activity. These results indicate that processing is required for nucleotide exchange but not for interaction with oxidase components.
EL TESORO DE MONEDAS ÁRABES DE CARMONA Y UNA RECTIFICACIÓN DE A. VIVES ESCUDERO (2012)

Análisis del tesoro de monedas árabes de Carmona (Sevilla) a través de la documentación conservada. Se incluye una corrección de lectura de una moneda realizada por Antonio Vives Escudero.Palabras clave: Al-Andalus, numismática islámica, hallazgos, revisión de fechas.SummaryAn analysis of the silver coins hoard from treasure Carmona (Seville) is made through the conserved documentation. A correction of a coin date by Antonio Vives Escudero.Keywords: Al-Andalus, islamic numismatic, hoards, date correction.
Pharmacokinetics and in vivo potency of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in cynomolgus monkeys (2012)

Our data indicate that TPPU is suitable for investigating sEH biology and the role of epoxide-containing lipids in modulating inflammatory diseases in NHPs.
Multiple determinants are involved in HIV coreceptor use as demonstrated by CCR4/CCL22 interaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (2002)

Although a number of chemokine receptors display coreceptor activities in vitro, chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) remain the major coreceptors used by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In this study, we used an envelope-mediated fusion assay to demonstrate low CCR4 coreceptor activity with some primary HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus-1 (mac316) isolates in vitro. The coreceptor activity was sensitive to CCR4-specific antibodies and to the CCR4-specific chemokine ligand macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC)/chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22). Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; which express high levels of CCR4) with CCL22 caused down-modulation of endogenous CCR4 but had no significant effect on HIV-1 entry, suggesting that CCR4 may not be used as an entry coreceptor. Despite expression of other minor coreceptors on PBMCs, CCR5 and CXCR4 are preferentially used by HIV-1 isolates, as shown by chemokine-inhibition data. To determine the factors involved in this selective use, we analyzed CCR4 coreceptor activity and compared it with CCR5 use in PBMCs. We used a quantitative fluorescence-activated cell-sorting assay to estimate the numbers of CCR4 and CCR5 antibody-binding sites (ABS) on PBMCs. Although CCR4 was found on a higher percentage of CD4(+) cells, CCR5 ABS was twofold greater than CCR4 ABS on CD4(+) cells. Confocal microscopy revealed strong cell-surface CD4/CCR5 but weak CD4/CCR4 colocalization in PBMCs. Binding studies demonstrated that soluble gp120 had greater affinity to CCR5 than CCR4. The results suggested that coreceptor density, colocalization with CD4, and affinity of the viral gp120 to the coreceptor may determine preferential coreceptor use by HIV-1.
Evaluation of Reconstituted Collagen Tape as a Model for Chemically Modified Soft Tissues (1981)

In the last decade a number of chemically fixed, soft tissue based bioprostheses have become commercially available. Chemical fixation of these materials changes a number of their physical and chemical properties. Quantitation of these effects has been difficult because of: anisotropy of the biopolymers, variable composition of the materials, and sample size and configuration limitations. Collagen tape, made from reconstituted collagen, has been chosen as a model material because it alleviates many of the aforementioned problems. Its constituent fibers are homogeneous and unidirectional. The cross-sectional area is constant. Thus, the resultant uniaxial tensile stress-strain relationship is reproducible to allow for systematic parametric studies. Results are presented for the change in tensile properties of the collagen tape as a function of exposure time to glutaraldehyde fixative. These properties are described by the equation: sigma = A (eB epsilon-1) The tensile properties of fresh and fixed pericardial tissue were also tested and corroborative results were found.
Bioengineering Challenges for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering (2009)

Surgical replacement of diseased heart valves by mechanical and tissue valve substitutes is now commonplace and enhances survival and quality of life for many patients. However, repairs of congenital deformities require very small valve sizes not commercially available. Further, a fundamental problem inherent to the use of existing mechanical and biological prostheses in the pediatric population is their failure to grow, repair, and remodel. It is believed that a tissue engineered heart valve can accommodate many of these requirements, especially those pertaining to somatic growth. This review provides an overview of the field of heart valve tissue engineering, including recent trends, with a focus on the bioengineering challenges unique to heart valves. We believe that, currently, the key bioengineering challenge is to determine how biological, structural, and mechanical factors affect extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and in vivo functionality. These factors are fundamental to any approach toward developing a clinically viable tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV), regardless of the particular approach. Critical to the current approaches to TEHVs is scaffold design, which must simultaneously provide function (valves must function from the time of implant) as well as stress transfer to the new ECM. From a bioengineering point of view, a hierarchy of approaches will be necessary to connect the organ-tissue relationships with underpinning cell and sub-cellular events. Overall, such approaches need to be structured to address these fundamental issues to lay the basis for TEHVs that can be developed and designed according to truly sound scientific and engineering principles.
Species-Specific Recognition of Single-Stranded RNA via Toll-like Receptor 7 and 8 (2004)

Double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) serves as a danger signal associated with viral infection and leads to stimulation of innate immune cells. In contrast, the immunostimulatory potential of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) is poorly understood and innate immune receptors for ssRNA are unknown. We report that guanosine (G)- and uridine (U)-rich ssRNA oligonucleotides derived from human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) stimulate dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages to secrete interferon-alpha and proinflammatory, as well as regulatory, cytokines. By using Toll-like receptor (TLR)-deficient mice and genetic complementation, we show that murine TLR7 and human TLR8 mediate species-specific recognition of GU-rich ssRNA. These data suggest that ssRNA represents a physiological ligand for TLR7 and TLR8.
Malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland: A clinicopathologic study (1982)

This study reviews 21 cases of thyroid lymphoma diagnosed between 1969 and 1980. The thyroid gland was the primary site in all but two cases. The 20 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma had a mean age of 66 years, 75% were women, and all were Caucasian. A rapidly growing thyroid mass with hoarseness, dysphagia, and difficulty in breathing was the initial finding. Most patients had diffuse histiocytic lymphomas. Associated Hashimoto thyroiditis was found histologically in 57% of the cases. Using the immunoperoxidase stain method on tissue sections, intracytoplasmic monoclonal immunoglobulin was demonstrated in 5 of 15 cases. All but two patients received radiation therapy, and 13 received chemotherapy. The median survival was 8 months; 20% died of unrelated causes and 32% are alive (average duration: 27 months). Dissemination, after local control by radiation therapy, was the leading cause of death. The prognosis was better in men, in patients under the age of 65 years, and in those patients who, on biopsy, did not have involvement of the extrathyroid soft tissue or regional lymph nodes.
Chart generation (1996)

Charts constitute a natural uniform architecture for parsing and generation provided string position is replaced by a notion more appropriate to logical forms and that measures are taken to curtail generation paths containing semantically incomplete phrases.
Involvement of large plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers and unusually large vWF forms derived from endothelial cells in shear stress-induced platelet aggregation. (1986)

A fluid shear stress of 180 dyn/cm2 was applied for 0.5 and 5 min to platelets in citrated plasma or blood in a cone and plate viscometer with minimal platelet-surface interactions. Platelets aggregated in the shear field if large von Willebrand Factor (vWF) multimers were present. Aggregation did not require ristocetin, other exogenous agents, or desialation of vWF. Unusually large vWF multimers produced by human endothelial cells were functionally more effective than the largest plasma vWF forms in supporting shear-induced aggregation. Shear-induced aggregation was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to platelet glycoprotein Ib or the IIb/IIIa complex, but was little affected by the absence of fibrinogen. vWF-dependent platelet aggregation under elevated shear stress in partially occluded vessels of the arterial microcirculation may contribute to thrombosis, especially if unusually large vWF multimers are released locally from stimulated or disrupted endothelial cells.
Mapping of steroid 21-hydroxylase genes adjacent to complement component C4 genes in HLA, the major histocompatibility complex in man. (1985)

The genes for four components (C) of complement in the human major histocompatibility complex (HLA) have been aligned previously in a series of overlapping cosmid cloned inserts. Those inserts, which contained the two C4 genes C4A and C4B, hybridized with human adrenal mRNA, indicating that they contain a gene expressed in the adrenal. The mRNA fraction of 2.4 kilobases (kb) hybridizes with genomic DNA of 4.5 kb, which is duplicated and lies about 1.5 kb 3' of both the C4A and the C4B complement genes. Sequencing of a 430-base section and comparison with the published cDNA sequence of bovine cytochrome P-450 21-hydroxylase, peptide sequences of porcine 21-hydroxylase, and a cDNA sequence of a rat liver cytochrome P-450 identified the gene as coding for human steroid 21-hydroxylase [steroid,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (21-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.99.10]. Mapping of the gene was helped by use of a synthetic oligonucleotide based on the bovine cDNA sequence.
Dissolution Behaviors and Applications of Silicon Oxides and Nitrides in Transient Electronics (2014)

Silicon oxides and nitrides are key materials for dielectrics and encapsulation layers in a class of silicon‐based high performance electronics that has ability to completely dissolve in a controlled fashion with programmable rates, when submerged in bio‐fluids and/or relevant solutions. This type of technology, referred to as “transient electronics”, has potential applications in biomedical implants, environmental sensors, and other envisioned areas. The results presented here provide comprehensive studies of transient behaviors of thin films of silicon oxides and nitrides in diverse aqueous solutions at different pH scales and temperatures. The kinetics of hydrolysis of these materials depends not only on pH levels/ion concentrations of solutions and temperatures, but also on the morphology and chemistry of the films, as determined by the deposition methods and conditions. Encapsulation strategies with a combination of layers demonstrate enhancement of the lifetime of transient electronic devices, by reducing water/vapor permeation through the defects.
In vivo fate of folate-targeted polyethylene-glycol liposomes in tumor-bearing mice. (2003)

Whereas folate targeting does not enhance overall liposome deposition in tumors, the targeting profile of tumor versus other tissues is substantially different and intratumor liposome distribution in ascitic tumors is affected favorably with a selective shift toward liposome association with FR-expressing cells.
Induction and repression of DAN1 and the family of anaerobic mannoprotein genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs through a complex array of regulatory sites (2001)

The DAN/TIR mannoprotein genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (DAN1, DAN2, DAN3, DAN4, TIR1, TIR2, TIR3 and TIR4) are expressed in anaerobic cells while the predominant cell wall proteins Cwp1 and Cwp2 are down-regulated. Elements involved in activation and repression of the DAN/TIR genes were defined in this study, using the DAN1 promoter as a model. Nested deletions in a DAN1/lacZ reporter pinpointed regions carrying activation and repression elements. Inspection revealed two consensus sequences subsequently shown to be independent anaerobic response elements (AR1, consensus TCGTTYAG; AR2, consensus AAAAATTGTTGA). AR1 is found in all of the DAN/TIR promoters; AR2 is found in DAN1, DAN2 and DAN3. A 120 bp segment carrying two copies of AR1 preferentially activated transcription of lacZ under anaerobic conditions. A fusion of three synthetic copies of AR1 to MEL1 was also expressed anaerobically. Mutations in either AR1 site within the 120 bp segment caused a drastic loss of expression, indicating that both are necessary for activation and implying cooperativity between adjacent transcriptional activation complexes. A single AR2 site carried on a 46 bp fragment from the DAN1 promoter activated lacZ transcription under anaerobic conditions, as did a 26 bp synthetic AR2 fragment fused to MEL1. Nucleotide substitutions within the AR2 sequence eliminated the activity of the 46 bp segment. Ablation of the AR2 sequences in the full promoter caused a partial reduction of expression. The presence of the ATTGTT core (recognized by HMG proteins) in the AR2 sequence suggests that an HMG protein may activate through AR2. One region was implicated in aerobic repression of DAN1. It contains sites for the heme-induced Mot3 and Rox1 repressors.
Successful treatment of autoimmunity in NZB/NZW F1 mice with monoclonal antibody to L3T4. (1985)

Autoimmune NZB/NZW mice were treated with weekly injections of monoclonal antibody (mAb) to L3T4, an antigen expressed on a distinct subpopulation of T cells that respond to class II major histocompatibility antigens. Treatment with anti-L3T4 depleted circulating target cells, reduced autoantibody production, retarded renal disease, and prolonged life relative to control mice treated either with saline or with purified nonimmune rat IgG. These findings establish that autoimmune disease in NZB/NZW mice is regulated by T cells. In contrast to mice treated with nonimmune rat IgG, mice treated with rat anti-L3T4 mAb developed little or no antibody to rat Ig. Thus, the benefits of treatment with anti-L3T4 were achieved while minimizing the risks associated with a host immune response to therapy. This study raises the possibility that treatment with mAb against Leu-3/T4, the human homologue for L3T4 might be effective in the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases in people.
A phase II study of autologous irradiated tumor cells plus BCG in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma (1977)

Eighteen patients with surgically incurable metastatic malignant melanoma were treated with a mixture of irradiated (15,000 rads) autologous tumors cells (1-2 X 10(8)) and BCG (Glaxo, 2-4.5 X 10(6) organisms), which was injected intradermally (in five divided doses) every 2 weeks (X5). Four of 18 (22%) evaluable patients achieved objective remissions. It is concluded that this treatment regimen does not have general clinical application because the remissions were infrequent, of shor duration (median, 3 months) and occurred only in patients with minimal, nonvisceral tumor burdens.
5 Ribosomes and the RNA World (1993)

The hypothesis that all modern organisms are descendants of an ancient, self-replicating entity that depended on RNA both for its genetic material and for catalysis has gained a large following over the past decade, as the existence of this volume attests. This idea, also known as the RNA world hypothesis, has been around in various forms for almost 30 years, and it has been known for most of that time that RNA can serve a DNA-like function. The reason there is so much interest in the RNA world hypothesis today is that we now know something our predecessors did not, namely, that RNAs are capable of catalyzing biochemical reactions. Boiled down to its essence, the RNA world hypothesis is a proposal for the origin of life that explains why RNA is so important for gene expression in modern organisms but has no role in any other aspect of metabolism. Ribosomes are important for two reasons in this context. First, because ribosomal RNA accounts for about 80% of the RNA in most modern cells, the RNA world hypothesis either makes sense of them or fails entirely. Second, again because the ribosome contains so much RNA, information about its structure and function has to be an important part of the input used for formulating all such theories. This paper is intended to provide the reader with a broadbrush picture of the ribosome field that emphasizes the findings that bear most directly on evolutionary issues. Readers wishing to find out more about the...
Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the cerebrovascular and the neuritic plaque amyloid peptides. (1987)

Deposits of amyloid fibers are found in large numbers in the walls of blood vessels and in neuritic plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease and adults with Down syndrome. We used the amino acid sequence of the amyloid peptide to synthesize oligonucleotide probes specific for the gene encoding this peptide. When a human brain cDNA library was screened with this probe, a clone was found with a 1.7-kilobase insert that contains a long open reading frame coding for 412 amino acid residues including the 28 amino acids of the amyloid peptide. RNA gel blots revealed that a 3.3-kilobase mRNA species was present in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer disease, with Down syndrome, or with no apparent neurological disorders. Southern blots showed that homologous genes are present in the genomic DNA of humans, rabbits, sheep, hamsters, and mice, suggesting that this gene has been conserved through mammalian evolution. Localization of the corresponding genomic sequences on human chromosome 21 suggests a genetic relationship between Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome, and it may explain the early appearance of large numbers of neuritic plaques in adult Down syndrome patients.
Interweaved Prediction for Affine Motion Compensation (2019)

With affine motion compensation (AMC) in the emerging next generation video coding standard Versatile Video Coding (VVC), a coding-block is divided into sub-blocks, and each sub-block is assigned with an individual motion vector derived by the affine model. The sub-block-based design for AMC faces a dilemma. With smaller sub-blocks, AMC can achieve a better coding performance but suffers a higher complexity burden. In this contribution, an interweaved prediction approach is proposed for AMC to address the dilemma. With the interweaved prediction, a coding block is divided into sub-blocks with two different dividing patterns. Then two auxiliary predictions are generated by AMC with the two dividing patterns respectively. The final prediction is calculated as a weighted-sum of the two auxiliary predictions. The interweaved prediction is only applied on the luma-component for affine-coded blocks with uni-prediction. Simulation results show 0.53% Bjøntegaard-Delta rate savings in average can be achieved compared to VTM-3.0 under random access configurations. The coding gain on sequences with affine motions is up to 3.3%.
Immunoglobulin A monoclonal antibodies protect against Sendai virus (1987)

Immunoglobulin A anti-Sendai virus HN protein monoclonal antibodies, generated via a mucosal immunization protocol, were shown to neutralize virus in vitro and, when passively administered to the mouse respiratory tract, to protect against Sendai virus in vivo. Thus, immunoglobulin A antibodies by themselves can protect against respiratory virus infection.