gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1,3,5-Triphenylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine - active intermediate and precursor in the novel synthesis of benzoxazine monomers and oligomers (1999)

The benzoxazine monomer synthesis via 1,3,5-trialkyl(aryl)hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine intermediate is followed by 1H NMR, FT-IR, and SEC. A model compound, 1,3,5-triphenylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, is synthesized independently and its reaction with bisphenol-A and paraformaldehyde in stoichiometric amounts is also followed by 1H NMR. Additional model compounds, 1,3,5-trimethyl(ethyl)hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, are used instead of a primary amine to synthesize bifunctional benzoxazine monomers, bis(3,4-dihydro-2H-3-methyl(ethyl)-1,3-benzoxazinyl)isopropane, via novel solventless reaction with bisphenol-A in the presence of paraformaldehyde. The mechanism of this reaction is proposed.
Electrodynamics of Continuous Media (1961)

Electrostatics of conductors Static magnetic field Superconductivity The propagation of electromagnetic waves Spatial dispersion Diffraction of X rays in crystals.
Soybean cultivar reaction and row width effect on Sclerotinia stem rot (1993)

The response of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars to Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, was assessed in replicated field trials in 1985–1987 and 1990 to obtain information relating to control of the disease. In 1986 and 1987, there were differences (P = 0.01) in disease incidence among 19 indeterminate cultivars. Cultivar differences in disease incidence were partially related to maturity (R 2 = 0.67 in 1986; R 2 = 0.37 in 1987) with earlier-maturing cultivars having less disease. Cultivars differed (P = 0.01) in the number of sclerotia produced per diseased plant and per square meter in 1986 and 1987. In a test conducted in 1990 there were differences (P = 0.05) in disease incidence among 14 determinate lines. In three tests in 1985–1986, row spacings of 23, 45 and 69 cm had no significant effect on the incidence of white mold in the cultivars Maple Arrow, Evans, S1346 and Corsoy 79. Yield loss from stem rot may be reduced by planting cultivars that are more resistant, earlier maturing and more tolerant to lodging. This practice would also result in fewer sclerotia to serve as primary inoculum in future years. Key words: Glycine max, soybean, Sclerotinia stem rot, cultivar and row width effects
Cell–Matrix Interactions Improve β-Cell Survival and Insulin Secretion in Three-Dimensional Culture (2008)

Controlled matrix interactions were presented to pancreatic beta-cells in three-dimensional culture within poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Dispersed MIN6 beta-cells were encapsulated in gel environments containing the following entrapped extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins: collagen type I, collagen type IV, fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin. In ECM-containing gels, beta-cell survival was significantly better than in gels without ECM over 10 days. Correspondingly, apoptosis in encapsulated beta-cells was less in the presence of each matrix protein, suggesting the ability of individual matrix interactions to prevent matrix signaling-related apoptosis (anoikis). MIN6 beta-cells cultured in gels containing collagen type IV or laminin secreted more insulin in response to glucose stimulation than beta-cells in all other experimental conditions. Variations in collagen type IV or laminin concentration between 10 microg/mL and 250 microg/mL did not affect insulin secretion. Finally, beta-cell function in hydrogels presenting both collagen type IV and laminin revealed synergistic interactions. With a total protein concentration of 100 microg/mL, three gel compositions of varying ratios of collagen type IV to laminin (25:75, 50:50, and 75:25) were tested. In the presence of 25 microg/mL of collagen type IV and 75 microg/mL of laminin, beta-cell insulin secretion was greater than with laminin or collagen type IV individually. These results demonstrate that specific, rationally designed extracellular environments promote isolated beta-cell survival and function.
Type I Allergy to Normal Cellular Constituents in Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease? (1984)

The possibility of autoimmune type I reactions to cellular constituents was investigated in 22 patients with ulcerative colitis, 12 with Crohn's disease, and in 22 healthy volunteers. Nuclear components and colon mucosa fragments were tested as potential antigens by the basophil histamine release technique. One of 12 patients with ulcerative colitis responded to sonicated leukocyte nuclei and one of 12 patients with Crohn's disease responded to both nuclei and RNA. Increased serum levels of total IgE and antinuclear antibodies of IgE class were found in one and three of the 24 patients, respectively. Histamine release caused by colon mucosa fragments was not observed in a separate study consisting of 10 ulcerative colitis patients and 10 healthy volunteers. Autoimmune type I allergy to cellular constituents does not seem to be of significance for chronic inflammatory bowel disease and thus could not explain the involvement of tissue mast cells and eosinophils in this condition.
Water Drops Dancing on Ice: How Sublimation Leads to Drop Rebound (2013)

Drop rebound is a spectacular event that appears after impact on hydrophobic or superhydrophobic surfaces but can also be induced through the so-called Leidenfrost effect. Here we demonstrate that drop rebound can also originate from another physical phenomenon, the solid substrate sublimation. Through drop impact experiments on a superhydrophobic surface, a hot plate, and solid carbon dioxide (commonly known as dry ice), we compare drop rebound based on three different physical mechanisms, which apparently share nothing in common (superhydrophobicity, evaporation, and sublimation), but lead to the same rebound phenomenon in an extremely wide temperature range, from 300 °C down to even below -79 °C. The formation and unprecedented visualization of an air vortex ring around an impacting drop are also reported.
Zeptogram-Scale Nanomechanical Mass Sensing (2006)

Very high frequency (VHF) nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) provide unprecedented sensitivity for inertial mass sensing. We demonstrate in situ measurements in real time with mass noise floor approximately 20 zg. Our best mass resolution corresponds to approximately 7 zg, equivalent to approximately 30 xenon atoms or the mass of an individual 4 kDa molecule. Detailed analysis of the ultimate sensitivity of such devices based on these experimental results indicates that NEMS can ultimately provide inertial mass sensing of individual intact, electrically neutral macromolecules with single-Dalton (1 amu) resolution.
Neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis superimposed on cirrhosis is reversible and predicts the outcome (2007)

Our study provides the rationale for a goal-directed approach to the management of patients with cirrhosis and AH, in which the assessment of neutrophil function may be an important biomarker to select patients for immunosuppressive therapy. The neutrophil dysfunction in cirrhosis and AH is reversible, with endotoxin-removal strategies providing new targets for intervention.
Stereotactic Localization (with Computerized Tomographic Scanning), Biopsy, and Radiofrequency Treatment of Deep Brain Lesions (1978)

Abstract In eight patients stereotactic biopsy of deep brain lesions was performed. Adequate tissue was obtained, and the information helped considerably in planning further therapy. No significant complications occurred in these patients. In three of the cases, the stereotactic coordinates were determined from the computerized tomographic (CT) scan. In one patient, after biopsy, stereotactic radiofrequency (RF) lesions in the tumor resulted in temporary improvement.
The Effect of a Single Dose of Osteoprotegerin in Postmenopausal Women (2001)

Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family member, is a critical regulator of bone resorption. It is an important inhibitor of the terminal differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential dose escalation study was conducted in postmenopausal women to determine the effect of a single subcutaneous (s.c.) dose of OPG on bone resorption as indicated by the biochemical markers, urinary N-telopeptide (NTX) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD), which are stable collagen degradation products. NTX levels decreased within 12 h after OPG administration. At the highest dose administered (3.0 mg/kg), a mean percent decrease in NTX of approximately 80% was observed 4 days after dosing. Six weeks after dosing a mean decrease of 14% in NTX was observed. The levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), a marker of bone formation, did not change for approximately 3 weeks after dosing. Thereafter, a modest decrease, reaching approximately 30% at 6 weeks, was observed in the 3.0-mg/kg dose group. The rapid decrease from baseline in NTX and delayed decrease in BSAP indicated that OPG acted primarily on osteoclasts to decrease bone resorption. OPG injections are well tolerated. This study, for the first time, indicates that a single s.c. injection of OPG is effective in rapidly and profoundly reducing bone turnover for a sustained period and that OPG therefore may be effective in treatment of bone diseases characterized by increased bone resorption such as osteoporosis.
Accurate band gaps of AlGaN, InGaN, and AlInN alloys calculations based on LDA-1/2 approach (2011)

We present parameter-free calculations of electronic properties of InGaN, InAlN, and AlGaN alloys. The calculations are based on a generalized quasichemical approach, to account for disorder and composition effects, and first-principles calculations within the density functional theory with the LDA-1/2 approach, to accurately determine the band gaps. We provide precise results for AlGaN, InGaN, and AlInN band gaps for the entire range of compositions, and their respective bowing parameters.
The Helicobacter pylori UreI Protein Is Not Involved in Urease Activity but Is Essential for Bacterial Survival In Vivo (1998)

We produced defined isogenic Helicobacter pylori ureI mutants to investigate the function of UreI, the product of one of the genes of the urease cluster. The insertion of a cat cassette had a strong polar effect on the expression of the downstream urease genes, resulting in very weak urease activity. Urease activity, measured in vitro, was normal in a strain in which ureI was almost completely deleted and replaced with a nonpolar cassette. In contrast to previous reports, we thus found that the product of ureI was not necessary for the synthesis of active urease. Experiments with the mouse-adapted H. pylori SS1 strain carrying the nonpolar ureI deletion showed that UreI is essential for H. pylori survival in vivo and/or colonization of the mouse stomach. The replacement of ureI with the nonpolar cassette strongly reduced H. pylori survival in acidic conditions (1-h incubation in phosphate-buffered saline solution at pH 2.2) in the presence of 10 mM urea. UreI is predicted to be an integral membrane protein and may therefore be involved in a transport process essential for H. pylori survival in vivo.
Conservation et transmission dans les traditions musicales du Moyen-Orient Les données nouvelles (1988)

La conservation du patrimoine musical est sans doute le point le plus vulnerable des cultures traditionnelles : une melodie oubliee ou abandonnee ne peut etre redecouverte ou restauree, elle rejoint le silence a jamais. Depuis sa fondation il y a pres d’un siecle, la musicologie comparee a ete confrontee a ce probleme ; on aurait tort cependant de croire qu’il s’agit la d’un mal du siecle engendre par la modernite ou le choc de la rencontre avec l’Occident. Un rapide coup d’œil sur les musiqu...
Chemistry of Fatty Acids (2005)

Abstract Oils and fats consist of triacylglycerols containing a range of fatty acids. Commodity oils are predominantly sources of C 16 –C 18 fatty acids (corn, cottonseed, groundnut, linseed, olive, palm, rape, sesame, soybean, sunflower), whereas some contain short‐ and medium‐ chain fatty acids (butter, coconut, palm kernel) or long‐chain fatty acids (fish) in various proportions. Fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition determines the physical, chemical, and nutritional properties of oils and fats and their uses in both food and oleochemical manufacture. Fatty acids generally contain only two types of reactive functional groups, the terminal carboxyl and a number of carbon–carbon double bonds. Reaction at, or modification of, these groups is central to their industrial use. Oxidation (particularly oxidative degradation of edible fats), reduction (particularly partial hydrogenation), and reactions used to produce surfactants and oleochemicals (epoxidation, ozonolysis, metathesis, sulfonation, production of nitrogen‐containing derivatives) are described. A current concern is the environmental impact of industrial chemistry and new processes that use less solvent, milder conditions, and renewable resources, and that produce less waste are required. Oils and fats are a major renewable resource, and environmental concerns may be met through the use of enzymes and improved chemical catalysts as alternatives to current technology. Novel chemistry of oils, fats,and fatty acid derivatives with potential industrial application is highlighted, particularly that introducing new functionality to the alkyl chain.
Structure–function relationships in α‐galactosidase A (2007)

Over half of the residues in the protein have been found to have changes in patients with Fabry disease. Most of these genetic mutations lead to disruption of the hydrophobic core of the protein, thus Fabry disease is primarily a disease of protein-folding. Further understanding of alpha-galactosidase A, one of the best studied members of the lysosomal storage disease family, will lead to increased understanding of other lysosomal storage diseases and other protein-folding diseases.
Multispot laser photocoagulation system using a fiber bundle scanner (1982)

A multispot photocoagulation system equipped with a fiber bundle scanner is developed for the treatment of widely spread port wine stain. The laser transmission system consists of multiple quartz fiber, the input ends of which are aligned and driven by a stepper motor across a high-power argon laser beam. The output ends are arranged in a hexagonal close-packed array from which the diverging laser beam successively irradiates different spots of a lesion without the use of a mechanical scan over the lesion. The output patterns from two bundles of graded-index and step-index fibers are analyzed experimentally.
Developments in component therapy: novel components and new uses for familiar preparations. (2002)

Over the years, the significant role of blood components in treating certain diseases or conditions has been recognized. The use of these components has expanded as patients undergo chemotherapy for bone marrow ablation and require short-term component support. On the other hand, these transfusions can cause reactions ranging from mild to severe. Despite advances in serological testing for infectious disease agents, the risk of infectious complications from transfusion still remains. In addition, newly identified agents that may be transmitted via transfusion are constantly identified. The cellular components most people are familiar with include packed red blood cells (PRBC), washed PRBC, leukoreduced PRBC, and pooled or apheresis platelets. Plasma products such as fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or crytoprecipitated anti-hemophiliac factor (CRYO), on the other hand, may not be as familiar. As our understanding of how the immune system functions and as technology has progressed, specialized components or manufactured products such as blood substitutes have been advanced as remedies to some of the complications with component transfusion or to meet the ever-increasing need for these products. In this article we will focus on some of the new uses of common components and uncommonly used or newly developing components. We will discuss their origins, composition, and the conditions or diseases they are used to treat. These components include: donor leukocyte infusions, dendritic cell vaccines, blood substitutes, novel platelet products and substitutes, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), fresh frozen plasma and cryosupernatant in therapeutic plasma exchange. The variety of products and conditions reflect the ever-expanding role of immunohematology in the treatment of disease.
Sequence analysis and amplification by polymerase chain reaction of a cloned DNA fragment for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1990)

Analysis of the 1,016-base-pair sequence of a putative probe for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed two almost identical fragments of 507 and 509 bases. From this sequence two pairs of primers were synthesized (MtbAB and MtbCD), ranging from 18 to 22 nucleotides, for use in polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) with DNA from six reference strains of M. tuberculosis, as well as type strains of M. bovis, M. bovis BCG, M. kansasii, M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. scrofulaceum. Although there was amplification of DNA from all mycobacterial strains included in the study, when used as probes, a predominant band, fragment CD from M. tuberculosis H37Rv DNA, proved to be more specific for strains of M. tuberculosis than the original probe, pMTb4, was. Amplified fragments from as little as 1 fg of DNA (equivalent to one-fifth of an organism) could be resolved on ethidium bromide-stained gels loaded with a 1/10 volume of PCR. Furthermore, it was possible to amplify specific DNA sequences from frozen M. tuberculosis H37Rv organisms which were thawed prior to PCR.
Chlamydia pneumoniae as a triggering infection in reactive arthritis. (1999)

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a triggering factor in approximately 10% of patients with acute ReA.
A Three-Way Model for Collective Learning on Multi-Relational Data (2011)

Relational learning is becoming increasingly important in many areas of application. Here, we present a novel approach to relational learning based on the factorization of a three-way tensor. We show that unlike other tensor approaches, our method is able to perform collective learning via the latent components of the model and provide an efficient algorithm to compute the factorization. We substantiate our theoretical considerations regarding the collective learning capabilities of our model by the means of experiments on both a new dataset and a dataset commonly used in entity resolution. Furthermore, we show on common benchmark datasets that our approach achieves better or on-par results, if compared to current state-of-the-art relational learning solutions, while it is significantly faster to compute. 1.
Cloning and Assembly of PCR Products Using Modified Primers and DNA Repair Enzymes (1997)

We present a method for the creation of ligatable 3' overhangs by the incorporation of a modified base, uracil, at a specific position in the PCR primer and subsequent treatment with the DNA-modifying enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase and then either T4 endonuclease V or human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1. In this study, we describe the cloning of a fragment specifying the chloramphenicol-resistance gene into a SacI vector site. To further test this method, three segments of the lacZ gene were amplified by PCR, and after treatment with the DNA-modifying enzymes, the properly oriented segments were ligated into a SacI-cleaved plasmid. Using the methods described, we were able to assemble PCR products into appropriate structures.
Method for the identification of brain macrophages/phagocytic cells in vitro (1990)

The use of labelled latex beads, with acute incubation conditions, for the identification of active macrophages in mixed cell cultures based on their phagocytic activity is described. Fluorescent beads provided the best results and selectively labelled active macrophage cells in cultures of blood monocytes. When this technique was applied to primary cultures of rat cerebral cortex, a specific cell type was significantly labelled. This was a small round cell, previously uncharacterized, which in addition to phagocytic activity indicated by the ingestion of beads also possessed macrophage biochemical markers. Thus, the procedure appears useful for phagocytic macrophage identification in vitro, and should be generally applicable to any tissue culture system. Additionally, this procedure can be rendered compatible with cell viability and, therefore, be utilized for long-term monitoring of macrophages.
Next-Generation Metal Anticancer Complexes: Multitargeting via Redox Modulation (2013)

Platinum complexes are widely used anticancer drugs. New generations of metal chemotherapeutics offer the prospect of combating platinum resistance and expanding the range of treatable cancers. Such new complexes might be effective if they form distinctly different lesions on DNA. In this Forum Article, we discuss the possibility that targeting the redox balance in cancer cells may also be a highly effective strategy, especially because it is a multiple-site approach and offers selectivity over normal cells. Metal complexes can interfere in cellular redox chemistry in several ways: directly through metal or ligand redox centers or indirectly by binding to biomolecules involved in cellular redox pathways. We illustrate that a surprisingly large number of active metal anticancer agents have a potential redox arm to their mechanism of action. For such complexes, the possibility arises of using combination therapy together with redox modulators to increase the anticancer potency: attractive for lowering the doses of metal complexes that need to be administered. We illustrate that organometallic ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) arene complexes and iridium(III) cyclopentadienyl complexes of the type [(arene/Cp(xPh))M(N,N)Cl/I](n+) can achieve nanomolar potency toward cancer cells in combination with the redox modulator l-buthionine sulfoximine. Our discussion highlights the importance of determining not only the distribution of metal anticancer complexes in cells but also their speciation, the chemical form of the metal complex, including the oxidation state of the metal, the fate of the ligands, and dynamic processes such as efflux. This will be aided in the future by proteomic and genomic analyses but needs to be supplemented by new analytical methods that have the sensitivity and spatial and temporal resolution to reveal such information. To achieve this, major new funding programs are needed that support global research on the design of novel metal-based drugs with new mechanisms of action, tailored to patient needs.