gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
StarWorks-a video applications server (2002)

The authors describe StarWorks, a video applications server software designed to support a wide range of digital video applications. The StarWorks system will allow existing network applications, such as databases and groupware applications, to add video support. These applications can take advantage of the video application services to support the real-time demands of streaming data. Attention is given to the StarWorks operating environment, client software, and server.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Efficient selection of recombinant adenoviruses by vectors that express beta-galactosidase (1995)

Adenovirus serotype 5 vectors which contain the Excherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene driven by the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter as a screenable marker have been made and successfully used in the construction of recombinant adenoviruses. The beta-galactosidase gene has been introduced into viruses in which the E3 region is maintained or deleted and in which the cis-acting packaging sequence has been reiterated at the right end of the chromosome. A unique BstBI site has been introduced 3' of the beta-galactosidase gene. Cotransfection of BstBI-digested vector DNA and a plasmid containing the left end of the viral chromosome followed by staining with X-Gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) results in clear plaques when overlap recombination has occurred and blue plaques when ligation of the viral arms has occurred within the host cell. The beta-galactosidase-expressing viruses grow to lower titers than do the parental viruses, leading to a relative growth advantage for viruses resulting from overlap recombination. Combined with color selection based on the beta-galactosidase gene, this system permits efficient production and selection of recombinant viruses after cotransfection of BstBI-digested viral DNA with a plasmid including left-end viral sequences and the gene of interest. The beta-galactosidase-expressing viral DNAs were used to construct viruses containing BstBI sites on either side of the cis-acting packaging element as a means of testing their utility.
Multi-Image Matching Using Multi-Scale Oriented Patches (2005)

This paper describes a novel multi-view matching framework based on a new type of invariant feature. Our features are located at Harris corners in discrete scale-space and oriented using a blurred local gradient. This defines a rotationally invariant frame in which we sample a feature descriptor, which consists of an 8 /spl times/ 8 patch of bias/gain normalised intensity values. The density of features in the image is controlled using a novel adaptive non-maximal suppression algorithm, which gives a better spatial distribution of features than previous approaches. Matching is achieved using a fast nearest neighbour algorithm that indexes features based on their low frequency Haar wavelet coefficients. We also introduce a novel outlier rejection procedure that verifies a pairwise feature match based on a background distribution of incorrect feature matches. Feature matches are refined using RANSAC and used in an automatic 2D panorama stitcher that has been extensively tested on hundreds of sample inputs.
The role of calcitonin gene–related peptide in peripheral and central pain mechanisms including migraine (2017)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid peptide found primarily in the C and Aδ sensory fibers arising from the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia, as well as the central nervous system. Calcitonin gene-related peptide was found to play important roles in cardiovascular, digestive, and sensory functions. Although the vasodilatory properties of CGRP are well documented, its somatosensory function regarding modulation of neuronal sensitization and of enhanced pain has received considerable attention recently. Growing evidence indicates that CGRP plays a key role in the development of peripheral sensitization and the associated enhanced pain. Calcitonin gene-related peptide is implicated in the development of neurogenic inflammation and it is upregulated in conditions of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. It is most likely that CGRP facilitates nociceptive transmission and contributes to the development and maintenance of a sensitized, hyperresponsive state not only of the primary afferent sensory neurons but also of the second-order pain transmission neurons within the central nervous system, thus contributing to central sensitization as well. The maintenance of a sensitized neuronal condition is believed to be an important factor underlying migraine. Recent successful clinical studies have shown that blocking the function of CGRP can alleviate migraine. However, the mechanisms through which CGRP may contribute to migraine are still not fully understood. We reviewed the role of CGRP in primary afferents, the dorsal root ganglion, and in the trigeminal system as well as its role in peripheral and central sensitization and its potential contribution to pain processing and to migraine.
Neocortical cholinergic activities differentiate Lewy body dementia from classical Alzheimerʼs disease (1994)

Activity of the enzyme which synthesizes acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase, was estimated in the neocortex of three series of control and demented cases. Clinically demented cases were divided into those with the classical neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (numerous neocortical plaques and tangles) and those with Lewy bodies in the brain stem and cortex (together with plaques and variable neurofibrillary pathology). In the Lewy body cases neocortical choline acetyltransferase was consistently lower than in the classical Alzheimer-type cases. Two of the Lewy body cases with extremely low cholinergic activity were responders in therapeutic trials of the cholinesterase inhibitor, tacrine, and the combined data suggest that cholinergic therapy may be particularly relevant to patients with Lewy body type dementia.
More Codeine Fatalities After Tonsillectomy in North American Children (2012)

In 2009 we reported the fatal case of a toddler who had received codeine after adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The child was an ultra-rapid metabolizer of cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6). We now report 3 additional fatal or life-threatening cases from North America. In the 2 fatal cases, functional gene duplications encoding for CYP2D6 caused a significantly greater production of potent morphine from its parent drug, codeine. A severe case of respiratory depression in an extensive metabolizer is also noted. These cases demonstrate that analgesia with codeine or other opioids that use the CYP2D6 pathway after adenotonsillectomy may not be safe in young children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Surgical treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis. (1991)

EPITOMES-GENERAL SURGERY community hospitals.To avoid this type of procurement fail- ure, most states have adopted various forms of required re- quest laws.These laws are designed to ensure that family members are given the option of donating a relative's organs and tissues.They vary in their specifics from so-called weak request laws requiring only that hospitals have in place policies ensuring that some request was made, to "strong" laws that require formal documentation of requests and responses.Recognizing that these laws are difficult to enforce, changes in policies of the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations and Health Care Financing Ad- ministration regulations have been enacted to encourage hos- pitals to provide support for organ procurement programs.A failure to obtain consent has been responsible for 40% to 70% of losses of otherwise eligible donors.Three recent trauma center studies have found next-of-kin consent rates of 64%, 57%, and 54%.This is at variance with a recent Gallup poll reporting an 82% favorable response rate to the subject of next-of-kin organ donation.The reasons for this discrepancy are complex and involve cultural differences, professional attitude and interests, and timing.Many believe that requests for organ donation are best made by professionals who are trained to do so and who do not have direct patient care
Binding of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan to β-amyloid peptide: inhibition by potentially therapeutic polysulfated compounds (1994)

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are believed to play an important role in amyloidosis as pathologic chaperones. They bind to amyloidogenic proteins and may mediate the deposition and fibrillogenesis of amyloid at specific tissue sites. In the present study, we demonstrate that heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan both bind to the β-amyloid peptide involved in Alzheimer's disease. The interaction of heparan sulfate proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan can be inhibited by other sulfated compounds such as heparin, dextran sulfate and pentosan polysulfate. These polysaccharides which are currently used clinically, their derivatives or analogs may be effective as therapeutic agents to prevent or slow the progression of amyloidogenesis in Alzheimer's disease or other amyloidogenic disorders.
Aerosol Antibiotics in Cystic Fibrosis (2009)

Chronic airways infection and inflammation is the greatest source of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Many organisms can be found in the lower respiratory tract of CF patients, but infection with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common, is associated with poorer outcomes, and is the main target for antimicrobial strategies in CF. Aerosol antibiotics achieve high local concentrations in the airways, reduce systemic toxicity, and have been used successfully for chronic suppressive treatment for established P. aeruginosa infections. Eradication of early P. aeruginosa airway infection has also been tried with aerosol antibiotics, though the ideal treatment strategy is still being investigated. There are several variables to consider when choosing an antibiotic formulation to develop for topical inhalation. Tobramycin solution for inhalation (TSI) is currently the only approved inhaled antibiotic in the United States. The time burden for patients to administer TSI by jet nebulizer is substantial, so efforts have focused on more efficient, faster delivery methods. Novel formulations of aerosol antibiotics are being studied for CF, including beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. Phase-3 studies of aztreonam lysinate for inhalation delivered via a proprietary eFlow nebulizer showed improved outcomes and a short (< 3 min) delivery time. Liposome formulations are being studied as a way to penetrate mucoid biofilms and prolong the residence time of the antibiotic in the lungs. Light, porous, dry-powder formulations are also in clinical trials to reduce delivery time. These new formulations and delivery systems promise to expand our armamentarium against microbes while reducing the time burden for patients.
Cooperative DNA Binding and Sequence-Selective Recognition Conferred by the STAT Amino-Terminal Domain (1996)

STAT proteins (signal transducers and activators of transcription) activate distinct target genes despite having similar DNA binding preferences. The transcriptional specificity of STAT proteins was investigated on natural STAT binding sites near the interferon-gamma gene. These sites are arranged in multiple copies and required cooperative interactions for STAT binding. The conserved amino-terminal domain of STAT proteins was required for cooperative DNA binding, although this domain was not essential for dimerization or binding to a single site. Cooperative binding interactions enabled the STAT proteins to recognize variations of the consensus site. These sites can be specific for the different STAT proteins and may function to direct selective transcriptional activation.
Molecular design of inorganic scintillators: from alkoxides to scintillating materials (2004)

In this paper we report on preliminary results obtained on sol–gel derived inorganic scintillators. A new general scheme based on the use of alkoxide chemistry is proposed for the preparation of various scintillating materials including LuBO3, GdBO3, LuPO4 and Lu2SiO5. The materials are obtained as monophasic powders and as homogeneous transparent thin films for borates and silicate. Thermal behaviour is analysed and a study of the oxidation state of cerium ions is proposed by combining X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. A mixture of Ce3+ and Ce4+ is observed in proportions depending on the material. This presence of Ce4+ ions does not seem to greatly affect the observed scintillation yields of the materials. Efficient sol–gel derived scintillators have been prepared both as powders and thin films. The preparation of optical quality scintillator thin films could be the starting point for a new generation of scintillating materials. Finally, the versatility of the proposed synthesis route will allow extension of this study towards various other materials.
Direct and regiocontrolled synthesis of .alpha.-phenyl ketones from silyl enol ethers and diphenyliodonium fluoride (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect and regiocontrolled synthesis of .alpha.-phenyl ketones from silyl enol ethers and diphenyliodonium fluorideKuanchiang Chen and Gerald F. KoserCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 20, 5764–5767Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00020a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00020a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1725Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Highly tumorigenic lung cancer CD133 + cells display stem-like features and are spared by cisplatin treatment (2009)

The identification of lung tumor-initiating cells and associated markers may be useful for optimization of therapeutic approaches and for predictive and prognostic information in lung cancer patients. CD133, a surface glycoprotein linked to organ-specific stem cells, was described as a marker of cancer-initiating cells in different tumor types. Here, we report that a CD133+, epithelial-specific antigen-positive (CD133+ESA+) population is increased in primary nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with normal lung tissue and has higher tumorigenic potential in SCID mice and expression of genes involved in stemness, adhesion, motility, and drug efflux than the CD133(-) counterpart. Cisplatin treatment of lung cancer cells in vitro resulted in enrichment of CD133+ fraction both after acute cytotoxic exposure and in cells with stable cisplatin-resistant phenotype. Subpopulations of CD133+ABCG2+ and CD133+CXCR4+ cells were spared by in vivo cisplatin treatment of lung tumor xenografts established from primary tumors. A tendency toward shorter progression-free survival was observed in CD133+ NSCLC patients treated with platinum-containing regimens. Our results indicate that chemoresistant populations with highly tumorigenic and stem-like features are present in lung tumors. The molecular features of these cells may provide the rationale for more specific therapeutic targeting and the definition of predictive factors in clinical management of this lethal disease.
Monoclonal Versus Polyclonal Antibodies: Distinguishing Characteristics, Applications, and Information Resources (2005)

Antibodies are host proteins that comprise one of the principal effectors of the adaptive immune system. Their utility has been harnessed as they have been and continue to be used extensively as a diagnostic and research reagent. They are also becoming an important therapeutic tool in the clinician's armamentarium to treat disease. Antibodies are utilized for analysis, purification, and enrichment, and to mediate or modulate physiological responses. This overview of the structure and function of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies describes features that distinguish one from the other. A limited review of their use as specific research, diagnostic, and therapeutic reagents and a list of printed and electronic resources that can be utilized to garner additional information on these topics are also included.
Immunotherapy of Colon Cancer Using Chimeric mAb 31.1 (1998)

We have produced two monoclonal antibodies specific for membranes of colon carcinoma cells that demonstrate minimal if any cross reactivity with normal colon tissue. The antigen of one of the two antibodies (mAb 33.28) is extremely immunogenic eliciting both cell mediated and humoral immunity. The monoclonal antibodies developed in in vitro studies suggested strong antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) for both antibodies, but somewhat stronger for the mAb 31.1. The murine version of mAb 31.1 produced approximately 90% tumor cell destruction in the same period of time. Nude mice with LS174T xenografts (human colon carcinoma) were challenged with 1 x 10(6) cells given subcutaneously in the thigh. By day 10, well animals were incapacitated by tumor growth. Among those animals receiving 400 micrograms of intraperitoneal chimeric 31.1 at day one, all were protected and remained free of disease. Those challenged with chimeric antibody and human effector cells at day 7 demonstrated regression of established tumor nodules among 80% of the animals so treated. Therapy of patients with extensive primary as well as metastatic colon cancer may be found to respond to the above form of therapy post surgery, when employed alone or in combination with an effective cytotoxic (chemotherapeutic) agent.
Cell cycle arrests and radiosensitivity of human tumor cell lines: dependence on wild-type p53 for radiosensitivity. (1994)

Loss of p53 function has been shown to cause increased resistance to ionizing radiation in normal murine cells; however, the role of p53 in radioresistance of human tumor cells is less clear. Since wild-type p53 function is required for radiation-induced G1 arrest, we measured G1 arrest in 12 human tumor cell lines that have a wide range of radiosensitivities (surviving fraction at 2 Gy, 0.11-0.8). We observed a significant correlation between the level of ionizing radiation-induced G1 arrest and radiosensitivity. Cell lines having G1 arrest are more radiosensitive. There is no correlation between maximal G2 arrest and radiosensitivity. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of p53 (codon 143, Val to Ala) in transfectants of the radiosensitive human ovarian cell line A2780 abrogates the radiation-induced G1 arrest. Such mutant p53 transfectants are more resistant to ionizing radiation than the parental line and vector-alone transfectants, as measured by clonogenic assays. These results support the concept that wild-type p53 function is required for sensitivity of tumor cells to DNA-damaging agents, such as ionizing radiation, and that the loss of p53 function in certain human tumor cells can lead to resistance to ionizing radiation.
Anaphylatoxin-mediated contraction of guinea pig lung strips: a nonhistamine tissue response. (1981)

Abstract Contractile effects of purified porcine C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins on guinea pig pulmonary tissue were determined in vitro by using a peripheral airway preparation. A thin strip of lung is mounted in an organ bath at 37°C and attached to a transducer that records isotonic contractions. Both anaphylatoxins proved to be more potent than either histamine or acetylcholine on this tissue. Porcine C5a induces threshold contractions of pulmonary tissue at a concentration of 6 × 10−10 M, approaching a maximal effect at 6 × 10−7 M. A measurable effect is observed with C3a at 1 × 10−8 M, maximizing at 5 × 10−7 M. Histamine and acetylcholine seldom contract the tissue at a concentration below 10−7 M and induce maximal contraction only at concentrations in excess of 10−5 M. Therefore, the order of potency is C5a &amp;gt; C3a &amp;gt; histamine &amp;gt; acetylcholine for contraction of guinea pig lung strips. The relative magnitude of the contraction induced in guinea pig lung strips by these mediators is highly variable. Porcine C5a and histamine induce contractions 2 to 3 times greater than the maximal contraction induced by acetylcholine. In contrast, the maximal C3a-induced contraction is only 40 to 50% of the maximal acetylcholine-induced contractions. Consequently, the magnitude of the induced response follows the order C5a ≃ histamine &amp;gt; acetylcholine &amp;gt; C3a. As in other tissues, repeated application of either anaphylatoxin desensitizes the lung strips to that factor and the contractile responses are abrogated. However, cross-desensitization is not observed between C3a and C5a. Contractile responses to smooth muscle induced by the anaphylatoxins in certain tissues are known to be mediated by histamine and other vasoamines, particularly in the guinea pig ileum. Therefore, the C3a and C5a dose-response curves in pulmonary tissue were examined in the presence of H1 and H2 type antihistamines. These drugs had no apparent effect on anaphylatoxin-induced responses. The contractile response induced in guinea pig peripheral airways by the C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins is apparently independent of vasoamine release. From these studies, we conclude that the anaphylatoxins are functionally capable of mediating or potentiating complement-associated pulmonary injury without the involvement of histamine or other vasoactive amines.
Simple Carrier Matrix Modifications Can Enhance Delivery of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 for Posterolateral Spine Fusion (2003)

The addition of either 15:85 BCP granules or allograft bone chips to the existing resorbable collagen sponge matrix enhanced delivery of rhBMP-2 in the posterolateral spine. The combination matrices were more compression resistant and had improved radiographic resorption properties that permitted easy radiographic visualization of new bone. In addition, a lower dose of rhBMP-2 (3 mg/side) was successful compared with the dose previously used with the plain collagen sponge (6 mg/side).