gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermally Regenerable Redox Flow Battery for Exploiting Low-Temperature Heat Sources (2020)

Harvesting energy from low-temperature heat sources (<100°C) would enable the exploitation of currently untapped renewable sources. Recently proposed techniques fail to reach suitable efficiencies. We propose here a redox flow battery that can be recharged by a thermal process, distillation. The electrochemical cell produces electrical energy from the mixing free energy of two sodium iodide aqueous solutions at different concentrations. The electrochemical cell is based on the technology of sodium ion-conducting ceramics and is coupled with a liquid-liquid extraction process, performed by an unconventional device, the “through-liquid-exchanger.” Our technique bypasses the bottleneck of other similar techniques by working with solutions at very high concentrations. Our initial experiments prove an unprecedented energy efficiency (ratio between the electrical work produced and the incoming heat necessary to restore the initial solutions concentrations) of 3% from a heat source <100°C and a power density of 10 W/m2, with the possibility of further improvements.
Loss of stem cell repopulating ability upon transplantation. Effects of donor age, cell number, and transplantation procedure. (1982)

Long-term functional capacities of marrow cell lines were defined by competitive repopulation, a technique capable of detecting a small decline in repopulating abilities. There was little or no difference between cells from old and young donors, but a single serial transplantation caused a large decline in repopulating ability. Varying the numbers of marrow cells transplanted into the initial carrier from 10(5) to 10(7) did not alter the ability of the carrier's marrow cells to repopulate in competition with previously untransplanted cells. This ability was improved only in carriers that had received 10(8) marrow cells, although deleterious effects of transplantation were still present. These effects were not solely caused by cell damage from the transplantation procedure, because transplantation by parabiosis, or recovery from sublethal irradiation without transplantation, reduced repopulating abilities as much as transplanting 10(5) to 10(7) marrow cells. The transplantation effect also was not caused solely by irradiation, because the same effect appeared in unirradiated W/Wv carriers. The transplantation effect was more pronounced when donors were identified by hemoglobin type than by chromosome markers, implying that nonerythroid cell lines may be less affected by transplantation than erythroid precursor cells. When the effects of a lifetime of normal function and a single transplantation were compared, the latter caused 3-7 times more decline in repopulating abilities of phytohemagglutinin-responsive cell precursors, and at least 10-20 times more decline in erythroid cell precursors. Stem cell lines can be serially transplanted at least five times before losing their ability to repopulate and save lethally irradiated recipients or to cure genetically anemic mice. Therefore, if transplantation causes an acceleration of the normal aging process, these figures suggest that stem cells should be able to function normally through at least 15-50 life spans.
Inducible cell adhesion molecule 110 (INCAM-110) is an endothelial receptor for lymphocytes. A CD11/CD18-independent adhesion mechanism. (1990)

Inducible cell adhesion molecule 110 (INCAM-110) is a 110-kD glycoprotein expressed on cytokine-activated human vascular endothelial cells. mAb blocking studies indicate that INCAM-110 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) independently support the adhesion of lymphocytes to activated human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers. Anti-CD11a/CD18 antibodies with anti-INCAM-110 mAb E1/6 produce greater inhibition of lymphocyte adhesion than either reagent alone, suggesting that INCAM-110 and LFA-1 are not an obligate receptor-ligand pair. Blood monocytes, but not polymorphonuclear leukocytes, also appear to bind endothelial INCAM-110. Endothelial expression of INCAM-110 is upregulated at sites of inflammation, suggesting a role in the recruitment of mononuclear leukocytes.
Iron-Mediated Intramolecular Metalative Cyclization of α,β-Unsaturated Esters and Amides. Versatile One-Pot Preparation of Bicyclic Ketoesters (2008)

2-Nonen-7-ynedioic or 2-decen-8-ynedioic acid derivatives were treated with an iron reagent generated from FeCl2 and t-BuMgCl in a ratio of 1:4 to give cyclized products after hydrolysis, deuteriolysis, or the addition of carbonyl compounds. Upon reaction with the same iron reagent, 2,7-nonadienedioates afforded bicyclic ketoesters (and their enol forms) after the addition of s-BuOH or carbonyl compounds.
Methods for selection of aptamers to protein targets (2007)

Aptamers are synthetic single-stranded RNA or DNA molecules capable of specific binding to other target molecules. In this review, the main aptamer properties are considered and methods for selection of aptamers against various protein targets are described. Special attention is given to the methods for directed selection of aptamers, which allow one to obtain ligands with specified properties.
Immunosuppressant FTY720 Induces Apoptosis by Direct Induction of Permeability Transition and Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria (2000)

FTY720 has immunosuppressive activity in experimental organ transplantation and shows a prompt and protracted decrease of blood T lymphocytes upon oral administration. The blood lymphocyte decrease in vivo was mainly a result of FTY720-induced apoptosis. However, this apoptotic mechanism is not well understood. We examined the mechanism of FTY720-induced apoptosis in lymphoma. Western blotting and fluorescent caspase-specific substrate revealed that caspase-3 is involved in FTY720-induced apoptosis, whereas caspase-1 is not. Apoptotic cell death was inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, suggesting that caspase activation is essential for FTY720-induced apoptosis. FTY720 reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential and released cytochrome c from the mitochondria of intact cells as well as in a cell-free system even in the presence of Z-VAD-FMK. As these mitochondrial reactions occurred before caspase activation, we concluded that FTY720 directly influences mitochondrial functions. The inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition by Bcl-2 overexpression or by chemical inhibitors prevented all apoptotic events occurring in intact cells and in a cell-free system. Moreover, using a cell-free system, FTY720 did not directly affect isolated nuclei or cytosol. These results indicate that FTY720 directly affects mitochondria and triggers permeability transition to induce further apoptotic events.
IgA MAb blocks SARS-CoV-2 Spike-ACE2 interaction providing mucosal immunity (2020)

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic requiring the development of interventions for the prevention or treatment to curtail mortality and morbidity. No vaccine to boost mucosal immunity or as a therapeutic has yet been developed to SARS-CoV-2. In this study we discover and characterize a cross-reactive human IgA monoclonal antibody, MAb362. MAb362 binds to both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and competitively blocks hACE2 receptor binding, by completely overlapping the hACE2 structural binding epitope. Furthermore, MAb362 IgA neutralizes both pseudotyped SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in human epithelial cells expressing hACE2. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA antibodies, such as MAb362, may provide effective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 by inducing mucosal immunity within the respiratory system, a potentially critical feature of an effective vaccine.
Histologic Changes After Meniscal Repair Using Radiofrequency Energy in Rabbits (2007)

RFE may induce fibroblast proliferation for meniscal repair.
Adjuvant treatment of high-risk breast cancer using multicycle high-dose chemotherapy and filgrastim-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells. (1995)

Women with primary breast cancer associated with extensive axillary node involvement or large primary tumors have a very poor prognosis despite treatment with standard-dose adjuvant chemotherapy. In an attempt to improve the outlook of these patients, we investigated the safety and feasibility of delivering three cycles of high-dose epirubicin and cyclophosphamide supported with filgrastim-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC). Fifteen previously untreated women, median age 50 (range, 30-58) years, with poor prognosis early stage breast cancer received filgrastim (12 microgram/kg daily for 6 days) prior to chemotherapy to mobilize progenitor cells. Patients were then given three cycles of epirubicin (200 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (4 g/m2) at planned 28-day intervals, each followed by infusion of one third of the PBPC collected and daily administration of filgrastim (5 microgram/kg s.c.). Three leukaphereses collected a median of 114.9 (range, 22.7-273.5) x 10(4) granulocyte-macrophage-colony-forming cells/kg body weight. Hemopoietic recovery was rapid after each cycle, and there was no correlation between the rate of recovery and the number of granulocyte-macrophage-colony-forming cells infused. There was a small but significant progressive delay in recovery from hematological and nonhematological toxicities across the three cycles. Left ventricular ejection fraction fell to below 50% in eight (53%) patients, but none developed congestive cardiac failure. Two patients did not complete three cycles because of insufficient PBPC for a third cycle (n = 1) and 2-mercaptoethane sodium sulfonate- related drug reaction during the second cycle (n = 1). There were no deaths during the study or during the follow-up period (median, 70 weeks; range, 50-85 weeks), and no late toxicities occurred. Therefore, we concluded that the delivery of multiple cycles of nonmyeloablative, dose-intensive chemotherapy supported by PBPC and filgrastim is safe, and may be widely applicable to a variety of common chemosensitive cancers with a poor prognosis. The efficacy of three cycles of high-dose epirubicin and cyclophosphamide is to be compared with standard-dose chemotherapy in a randomized trial in patients with high-risk, operable stage II and III breast cancer.
Di-tert.-butyldicarbonat — ein vorteilhaftes Reagenz zur Einführung der tert.-Butyloxycarbonyl-Schutzgruppe (1976)

Article Di-tert.-butyldicarbonat — ein vorteilhaftes Reagenz zur Einführung der tert.-Butyloxycarbonyl-Schutzgruppe was published on January 1, 1976 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 357, issue 2).
Epstein-Barr virus shuttle vector for stable episomal replication of cDNA expression libraries in human cells. (1988)

Efficient transfection and expression of cDNA libraries in human cells has been achieved with an Epstein-Barr virus-based subcloning vector (EBO-pcD). The plasmid vector contains a resistance marker for hygromycin B to permit selection for transformed cells. The Epstein-Barr virus origin for plasmid replication (oriP) and the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen gene have also been incorporated into the vector to ensure that the plasmids are maintained stably and extrachromosomally. Human lymphoblastoid cells can be stably transformed at high efficiency (10 to 15%) by such plasmids, thereby permitting the ready isolation of 10(6) to 10(7) independent transformants. Consequently, entire high-complexity EBO-pcD expression libraries can be introduced into these cells. Furthermore, since EBO-pcD plasmids are maintained as episomes at two to eight copies per cell, intact cDNA clones can be readily isolated from transformants and recovered by propagation in Escherichia coli. By using such vectors, human cells have been stably transformed with EBO-pcD-hprt to express hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and with EBO-pcD-Leu-2 to express the human T-cell surface marker Leu-2 (CD8). Reconstruction experiments with mixtures of EBO-pcD plasmids demonstrated that one clone of EBO-pcD-hprt per 10(6) total clones or one clone of EBO-pcD-Leu-2 per 2 x 10(4) total clones can be recovered intact from the transformed cells. The ability to directly select for expression of very rare EBO-pcD clones and to then recover these episomes should make it possible to clone certain genes where hybridization and immunological screening methods are not applicable but where a phenotype can be scored or selected in human cell lines.
Performance of titanium nitride diffusion barriers in aluminum–titanium metallization schemes for integrated circuits (1985)

Three different contact schemes Al–Si, Al/Ti–Si, and Al/TiN/Ti–Si have been studied for their electrical characteristics and thermal stability on shallow n+p-junctions. Contact resistance and leakage current measurements indicate that the Al/Ti structure remains stable up to 450 °C and the Al/TiN/Ti structure up to 500 °C for 15 min, whereas Al–Si contacts degrade already at 400 °C. The stability of the Al/Ti contacts is limited by the thin film reaction between Al and Ti while the failure of the Al/TiN/Ti structure is attributed to local defects such as pinholes in the TiN barrier.
Temporal profile of neuronal damage in a model of transient forebrain ischemia (1982)

This study examined the temporal profile of ischemic neuronal damage following transient bilateral forebrain ischemia in the rat model of four-vessel occlusion. Wistar rats were subjected to transient but severe forebrain ischemia by permanently occluding the vertebral arteries and 24 hours later temporarily occluding the common carotid arteries for 10, 20, or 30 minutes. Carotid artery blood flow was restored and the rats were killed by perfusion-fixation after 3, 6, 24, and 72 hours. Rats with postischemic convulsions were discarded. Ischemic neuronal damage was graded in accordance with conventional neuropathological criteria. Ten minutes of four-vessel occlusion produced scattered ischemic cell change in the cerebral hemispheres of most rats. The time to onset of visible neuronal damage varied among brain regions and in some regions progressively worsened with time. After 30 minutes of ischemia, small to medium-sized striatal neurons were damaged early while the initiation of visible damage to hippocampal neurons in the h1 zone was delayed for 3 to 6 hours. The number of damaged neurons in neocortex (layer 3, layers 5 and 6, or both) and hippocampus (h1, h3-5, paramedian zone) increased significantly (p less than 0.01) between 24 and 72 hours. The unique delay in onset of ischemic cell change and the protracted increase in its incidence between 24 and 72 hours could reflect either delayed appearance of ischemic change in previously killed neurons or a delayed insult that continued to jeopardize compromised but otherwise viable neurons during the postischemic period.
Self‐Assembly of Hyperbranched Polymers and Its Biomedical Applications (2010)

Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) are highly branched macromolecules with a three-dimensional dendritic architecture. Due to their unique topological structure and interesting physical/chemical properties, HBPs have attracted wide attention from both academia and industry. In this paper, the recent developments in HBP self-assembly and their biomedical applications have been comprehensively reviewed. Many delicate supramolecular structures from zero-dimension (0D) to three-dimension (3D), such as micelles, fibers, tubes, vesicles, membranes, large compound vesicles and physical gels, have been prepared through the solution or interfacial self-assembly of amphiphilic HBPs. In addition, these supramolecular structures have shown promising applications in the biomedical areas including drug delivery, protein purification/detection/delivery, gene transfection, antibacterial/antifouling materials and cytomimetic chemistry. Such developments promote the interdiscipline researches among surpramolecular chemistry, biomedical chemistry, nano-technology and functional materials.
Electroless Cobalt Deposition from Acid Baths (1974)

An acid electroless cobalt plating bath was developed which utilizes di‐methylamine borane (DMAB) as the reducing agent and which provides bright deposits at over 13 μm/hr at 70°C. The bath, slightly modified, is also usable at room temperature for deposition on palladium‐activated nonconductors. Additions of even small quantities of hypophosphite to the DMAB bath resulted in failure to achieve deposition; the effect of hypophosphite additions on the single electrode potentials was determined and the results discussed. Electroless cobalt‐boron deposits were found superior, in some respects, to electroless nickel‐phosphorus for providing protection for steel against corrosive attack. A double layer deposit of electroless nickel plus electroless cobalt topcoat provided more effective protection for steel than either deposit, alone, of the same total thickness. Chromating treatments were found effective for retarding the tendency for tarnishing of cobalt during salt exposure. The magnetic properties of some electroless cobalt‐boron deposits were determined; the coercivity was considerably lower than that of electroless cobalt‐phosphorus deposits.
Structure-dependent activity of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ agonists in colon cancer cells (2007)

Glycyrrhizin, a pentacyclic triterpene glycoside, is the major phytochemical in licorice. This compound and its hydrolysis product glycyrrhetinic acid have been associated with the multiple therapeutic properties of licorice extracts. We have investigated the effects of 2-cyano substituted analogues of glycyrrhetinic acid on their cytotoxicities and activity as selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists. Methyl 2-cyano-3,11-dioxo-18beta-olean-1,12-dien-30-oate (beta-CDODA-Me) and methyl 2-cyano-3,11-dioxo-18alpha-olean-1,12-dien-30-oate (alpha-CDODA-Me) were more cytotoxic to colon cancer cells than their des-cyano analogues and introduction of the 2-cyano group into the pentacyclic ring system was necessary for the PPARgamma agonist activity of alpha-CDODA-Me and beta-CDODA-Me isomers. However, in mammalian two-hybrid assays, both compounds differentially induced interactions of PPARgamma with coactivators, suggesting that these isomers, which differ only in the stereochemistry at C18 which affects conformation of the E-ring, are selective receptor modulators. This selectivity in colon cancer cells was shown for the induction of two proapoptotic proteins, namely caveolin-1 and the tumor-suppressor gene Krüppel-like factor-4 (KLF-4). beta-CDODA-Me but not alpha-CDODA-Me induced caveolin-1 in SW480 colon cancer cells, whereas caveolin-1 was induced by both compounds in HT-29 and HCT-15 colon cancer cells. The CDODA-Me isomers induced KLF-4 mRNA levels in HT-29 and SW480 cells but had minimal effects on KLF-4 expression in HCT-15 cells. These induced responses were inhibited by cotreatment with a PPARgamma antagonist. This shows for the first time that PPARgamma agonists derived from glycyrrhetinic acid induced cell-dependent caveolin-1 and KLF-4 expression through receptor-dependent pathways.
Electrochemical Methoxylation of Porous Silicon Surface (1995)

An electrochemical process aiming at the grafting of methoxy groups on the hydrogenated porous silicon surface at room temperature has been designed. This takes place through partial anodic dissolution of porous silicon in anhydrous methanol. A dissolution mechanism is proposed by analogy with that of the anodic dissolution of silicon in aqueous fluoride media. The methoxylated surface exhibits improved optical characteristics (increased photoluminescence efficiency, blue shift of the emission), similar to porous silicon anodically oxidized in a nonfluoride aqueous electrolyte. Its stability against aging is also improved as compared to that of the hydrogenated surface, but without reaching the stability of anodically oxidized porous silicon. This residual sensitivity to aging is ascribed to the nonnegligible amount of species which remains on the methoxylated surface upon the modification process.
Polarized resonance Raman spectroscopy of single-wall carbon nanotubes within a polymer under strain (2002)

The ${D}^{*}$ Raman band of single-wall carbon nanotubes aligned by shear flow in a polymer matrix has been measured as a function of tensile strain. The Raman intensity varies with the optical polarization direction, an effect which is used here to assess the degree of tube alignment. The strain dependence of the Raman shift depends strongly on the nanotube orientation and the polarization direction. We show that, using polarized light, unoriented nanotubes can be used as strain sensors so that no tube alignment is necessary and the strain can be measured in all directions in a single sample.
Justice and Political Economy in Commercial Society: Adam Smith's "Science of a Legislator" (1989)

The problem of Adam Smith's assessment of "commercial society" is inextricably linked to the nature of the unity of his moral philosophy. In this article, I offer an interpretation of Smith's "Science of a Legislator" that locates its unity and meaning in the application of a certain method of analysis in his theory of justice and political economy. In Smith's Science, commercial society is constituted by a set of principles, or mechanisms, the two most important being moral sentiments and competitive markets. These mechanisms transform the pursuit of self-love toward the public good and are based upon the faculty of sympathy. When properly guided by the legislator, they yield both justice and opulence. The effects of commerce on the character of the laboring classes, however, threaten to undermine moral sentiments and, thus, the basis of justice and social cohesion. The advancement of justice in commercial society, then, will depend upon the legislator's ability to ensure the proper functioning of these mechanisms and to protect the moral sentiments from the corrosive effects of commerce. Smith's Science provides a limited and skeptical endorsement of commercial society as a means to the establishment of justice. It is offered as a guide to those "men of public spirit" who would endeavor to ensure the preservation of justice and the moral ties that bind the community in a world increasingly dominated by commerce.
Relationship Between Sinus Rhythm Late Activation Zones and Critical Sites for Scar-Related Ventricular Tachycardia (2015)

Late potentials identified in the latest isochrone of activation during sinus rhythm are infrequently correlated with successful ablation sites for VT. The targeting of slow conduction regions propagating into the latest zone of activation may be a novel and promising strategy for substrate modification.
The role of patient history in a decision support system (2003)

The management of the temporal information contained in patient histories is investigated. The problems connected with the use of patient histories in both information systems and decision support systems are taken into account. An adequate formalization based on time intervals is suggested in order to capture both precise and imprecise information. An example of the use of patient history in the context of the management of cardiac arrhythmias is described. The information system under development is based on the ORACLE relational database management system, while the decision support system uses the knowledge engineering tool ART-Inference (Automated Reasoning Tool).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>