gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Practical Approach to Caring (1996)

Part 1 The NHS: changing patterns of illness changes in the NHS changing care for a changing population changes in nurse education the healthcare assistant. Part 2 The local authority: social services department voluntary agencies community care - change in progress changes in social services the care assistant. Part 3 Case studies. Part 4 Assignments: out and about in the locality getting to know local services clinic study at the well baby clinic clinic reception lifestyle and health as others see us milestones in child developpment what does a child do? playthings toys children's drawings at risk? danger at home health and safety for care workers fire! practical hygiene food hygiene good food feeding the family mealtime homemaking with Gladys planning a future warm and well going home starting work the client's viewpoint the hospital at work working for patients aspects of care coming into hospital teamwork facts and figures facts and figures - where next?, applying for a job. Part 5 Reference section how to check alphabetical order how to punctuate how to take messages how to write a memo how to set out letters how to draw up a questionnaire how to make a report how to give a talk or presentation.
The definition and meaning of treatment-resistant depression. (2001)

Most patients treated for an episode of unipolar or bipolar major depression are treatment resistant in the sense that the majority do not achieve full remission with the first somatic or psychosocial treatment they receive. Little attention has been given to formalizing criteria for evaluating the nature and extent of treatment resistance, even though determining the adequacy and outcome of prior treatment trials is key in clinical decision making about subsequent treatment. Furthermore, determining the adequacy of prior treatment is essential since substantial evidence indicates that large numbers of depressed patients are undertreated, resulting in prolonged episodes and the appearance of "pseudoresistance." Adequacy of antidepressant treatment trials should be defined in terms of thresholds for the dosage and duration of medication, adherence, and clinical outcome. The Antidepressant Treatment History Form is presented as one method to formalize the evaluation of treatment adequacy and treatment resistance.
Generation of a proton potential by succinate dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis functioning as a fumarate reductase (2001)

The membrane fraction of Bacillus subtilis catalyzes the reduction of fumarate to succinate by NADH. The activity is inhibited by low concentrations of 2‐(heptyl)‐4‐hydroxyquinoline‐ N ‐oxide (HOQNO), an inhibitor of succinate: quinone reductase. In sdh or aro mutant strains, which lack succinate dehydrogenase or menaquinone, respectively, the activity of fumarate reduction by NADH was missing. In resting cells fumarate reduction required glycerol or glucose as the electron donor, which presumably supply NADH for fumarate reduction. Thus in the bacteria, fumarate reduction by NADH is catalyzed by an electron transport chain consisting of NADH dehydrogenase (NADH:menaquinone reductase), menaquinone, and succinate dehydrogenase operating in the reverse direction (menaquinol:fumarate reductase). Poor anaerobic growth of B . subtilis was observed when fumarate was present. The fumarate reduction catalyzed by the bacteria in the presence of glycerol or glucose was not inhibited by the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m ‐chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) or by membrane disruption, in contrast to succinate oxidation by O 2 . Fumarate reduction caused the uptake by the bacteria of the tetraphenyphosphonium cation (TPP + ) which was released after fumarate had been consumed. TPP + uptake was prevented by the presence of CCCP or HOQNO, but not by N , N′ ‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, an inhibitor of ATP synthase. From the TPP + uptake the electrochemical potential generated by fumarate reduction was calculated (Δψ = −132 mV) which was comparable to that generated by glucose oxidation with O 2 (Δψ = −120 mV). The Δψ generated by fumarate reduction is suggested to stem from menaquinol:fumarate reductase functioning in a redox half‐loop.
ECHO-LNA Conjugates: Hybridization-Sensitive Fluorescence and Its Application to Fluorescent Detection of Various RNA Strands (2010)

Hybridization-sensitive fluorescent DNA probes containing the nucleotide units of locked nucleic acid (LNA) have been developed. Exciton-controlled hybridization-sensitive fluorescent oligonucleotide (ECHO) probes that incorporated LNA nucleotides achieved high thermostability of the hybrid with target RNA strands. The appropriately designed ECHO-LNA chimeric probes exhibited an effective on-off switching property of fluorescence depending on hybridization with RNA and facilitated fluorescent detection of the TAR RNA strand forming a hairpin structure and distinction of one base difference in PLAC4 RNA sequence.
Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads (2011)

When small RNA is sequenced on current sequencing machines, the resulting reads are usually longer than the RNA and therefore contain parts of the 3' adapter. That adapter must be found and removed error-tolerantly from each read before read mapping. Previous solutions are either hard to use or do not offer required features, in particular support for color space data. As an easy to use alternative, we developed the command-line tool cutadapt, which supports 454, Illumina and SOLiD (color space) data, offers two adapter trimming algorithms, and has other useful features. Cutadapt, including its MIT-licensed source code, is available for download at http://code.google.com/p/cutadapt/
Interaction of E. coli Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein (SSB) with Exonuclease I. The Carboxy-Terminus of SSB Is the Recognition Site for the Nuclease (2000)

The 3'-5' single-stranded DNA(ssDNA) degrading exonuclease I of E. coli directly interacts with the E. coli ssDNA binding protein (EcoSSB). Analytical ultracentrifugation shows that all 4 carboxy-termini of an EcoSSB tetramer bind exonuclease I. Binding is weakened by increasing salt concentrations, indicating the involvement of the negatively charged amino acids of the carboxy-terminus of SSB. Mutant SSB proteins EcoSSBP176S (ssb-113) and EcoSSBF177C do not bindtoexonuclease I while EcoSSBG15D (ssb-3) does bind. In a co-precipitation assay we show that the absence of the lastten amino acids (PMDFDDDIPF) completely abolishes binding of EcoSSB to exonuclease I. The interaction does not depend on the presence of the correct amino-terminal DNA binding domain or the amino acid sequences between the DNA binding domain and the last ten amino acids. A synthetic peptide (WMDFDDDIPF), corresponding to the last nine amino acids of EcoSSB, specifically inhibits the interaction. Both EcoSSBP176S and EcoSSBF177C SSBs bind DNA similar to wild-type EcoSSB, indicating that the phenotype of ssb-113 is not an indication of altered DNA binding. The repair deficiency of either ssb-3 or ssb-113 strain can be complemented by overexpression of the respective other mutant.
Algorithms for scalable synchronization on shared-memory multiprocessors (1991)

Busy-wait techniques are heavily used for mutual exclusion and barrier synchronization in shared-memory parallel programs. Unfortunately, typical implementations of busy-waiting tend to produce large amounts of memory and interconnect contention, introducing performance bottlenecks that become markedly more pronounced as applications scale. We argue that this problem is not fundamental, and that one can in fact construct busy-wait synchronization algorithms that induce no memory or interconnect contention. The key to these algorithms is for every processor to spin on separate locally-accessible flag variables, and for some other processor to terminate the spin with a single remote write operation at an appropriate time. Flag variables may be locally-accessible as a result of coherent caching, or by virtue of allocation in the local portion of physically distributed shared memory. We present a new scalable algorithm for spin locks that generates 0(1) remote references per lock acquisition, independent of the number of processors attempting to acquire the lock. Our algorithm provides reasonable latency in the absence of contention, requires only a constant amount of space per lock, and requires no hardware support other than a swap-with-memory instruction. We also present a new scalable barrier algorithm that generates 0(1) remote references per processor reaching the barrier, and observe that two previously-known barriers can likewise be cast in a form that spins only on locally-accessible flag variables. None of these barrier algorithms requires hardware support beyond the usual atomicity of memory reads and writes. We compare the performance of our scalable algorithms with other software approaches to busy-wait synchronization on both a Sequent Symmetry and a BBN Butterfly. Our principal conclusion is that contention due to synchronization need not be a problem in large-scale shared-memory multiprocessors. The existence of scalable algorithms greatly weakens the case for costly special-purpose hardware support for synchronization, and provides a case against so-called “dance hall” architectures, in which shared memory locations are equally far from all processors. — From the Authors' Abstract
ST6GalNAc I expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells greatly modifies their O-glycosylation pattern and enhances their tumourigenicity (2005)

Sialyl-Tn is a carbohydrate antigen overexpressed in several epithelial cancers, including breast cancer, and usually associated with poor prognosis. Sialyl-Tn is synthesized by a CMP-Neu5Ac:GalNAcalpha2,6-sialyltransferase: CMP-Neu5Ac: R-GalNAcalpha1-O-Ser/Thr alpha2,6-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.3) (ST6GalNAc I), which transfers a sialic acid residue in alpha2,6-linkage to the GalNAcalpha1-O-Ser/Thr structure. However, established breast cancer cell lines express neither ST6GalNAc I nor sialyl-Tn. We have previously shown that stable transfection of MDA-MB-231, a human breast cancer cell line, with ST6GalNAc I cDNA induces sialyl-Tn antigen (STn) expression. We report here the modifications of the O-glycosylation pattern of a MUC1-related recombinant protein secreted by MDA-MB-231 sialyl-Tn positive cells. We also show that sialyl-Tn expression and concomitant changes in the overall O-glycan profiles induce a decrease of adhesion and an increase of migration of MDA-MB-231. Moreover, STn positive clones exhibit an increased tumour growth in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. These observations suggest that modification of the O-glycosylation pattern induced by ST6GalNAc I expression are sufficient to enhance the tumourigenicity of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Association with capsid proteins promotes nuclear targeting of simian virus 40 DNA. (1996)

All animal DNA viruses except pox virus utilize the cell nucleus as the site for virus reproduction. Yet, a critical viral infection process, nuclear targeting of the viral genome, is poorly understood. The role of capsid proteins in nuclear targeting of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA, which is assessed by the nuclear accumulation of large tumor (T) antigen, the initial sign of the infectious process, was tested by two independent approaches: antibody interception experiments and reconstitution experiments. When antibody against viral capsid protein Vp1 or Vp3 was introduced into the cytoplasm, the nuclear accumulation of T antigen was not observed in cells either infected or cytoplasmically injected with virion. Nuclearly introduced anti-Vp3 IgG also showed the inhibitory effect. In the reconstitution experiments, SV40 DNA was allowed to interact with protein components of the virus, either empty particles or histones, and the resulting complexes were tested for the capability of protein components to target the DNA to the nucleus from cytoplasm as effectively as the targeting of DNA in the mature virion. In cells injected with empty particle-DNA, but not in minichromosome-injected cells, T antigen was observed as effectively as in SV40-injected cells. These results demonstrate that SV40 capsid proteins can facilitate transport of SV40 DNA into the nucleus and indicate that Vp3, one of the capsid proteins, accompanies SV40 DNA as it enters the nucleus during virus infection.
OmniSuggest: A Ubiquitous Cloud-Based Context-Aware Recommendation System for Mobile Social Networks (2014)

The evolution of mobile social networks and the availability of online check-in services, such as Foursquare and Gowalla, have initiated a new wave of research in the area of venue recommendation systems. Such systems recommend places to users closely related to their preferences. Although venue recommendation systems have been studied in recent literature, the existing approaches, mostly based on collaborative filtering, suffer from various issues, such as: 1) data sparseness, 2) cold start, and 3) scalability. Moreover, many existing schemes are limited in functionality, as the generated recommendations do not consider group of “friends” type situations. Furthermore, the traditional systems do not take into account the effect of real-time physical factors (e.g., distance from venue, traffic, and weather conditions) on recommendations. To address the aforementioned issues, this paper proposes a novel cloud-based recommendation framework OmniSuggest that utilizes: 1) Ant colony algorithms, 2) social filtering, and 3) hub and authority scores, to generate optimal venue recommendations. Unlike existing work, our approach suggests venues at a finer granularity for an individual or a “group” of friends with similar interest. Comprehensive experiments are conducted with a large-scale real dataset collected from Foursquare. The results confirm that our method offers more effective recommendations than many state of the art schemes.
Image Database Classification based on Concept Vector Model (2005)

Automatic semantic classification of image databases is very useful for users' searching and browsing, but it is at the same time a very challenging research problem as well. In this paper, we develop a hidden semantic concept discovery methodology to address effective semantics-intensive image database classification. Each image is segmented into regions and then a uniform and sparse region-based representation is obtained. With this representation a probabilistic model based on statistical-hidden-class assumptions of the image database is proposed, to which the Expectation-Maximization (EM) technique is applied to analyze semantic concepts hidden in the database. Two methods are proposed to make use of the semantic concepts discovered from the probabilistic model for unsupervised and supervised image database classifications, respectively, based on the automatically learned concept vectors. It is shown that the concept vectors are more reliable and robust and thus promising than the low level features through the theoretic analysis and the experimental evaluations on a database of 10,000 general-purpose images.
Channel E-mail: A Sociotechnical Response to Spam (2009)

Spam wastes Internet processing, bandwidth, and storage. Like many other sociotechnical problems computing today faces, it's not solvable by purely technical approaches like filters or social responses like passing laws. Channel e-mail offers a solution that can enable social as well as technical communication efficiency.
Analysis of cell growth and diffusion in a scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering (2006)

Developments in tissue engineering over the past decade have offered promising future for the repair and reconstruction of damaged tissues. To regenerate three dimensional and weight-bearing implants, advances in biomaterials and manufacturing technologies prompted cell cultivations with natural or artificial scaffolds, in which cells are allowed to proliferate, migrate, and differentiate in vitro. In this article, we develop a mathematical model for cell growth in a porous scaffold. By treating the cell-scaffold construct as a porous medium, a continuum model is set up based on basic principles of mass conservation. In addition to cell growth kinetics, we incorporate cell diffusion in the model to describe the effects of cell random walks. Computational results are compared to experimental data found in the literature. With this model, we are able to investigate cell motility, heterogeneous cell distributions, and non-uniform seeding for tissue engineering applications. Results show that random walks tend to enhance uniform cell spreads in space, which in turn increases the probabilities for cells to acquire nutrients; therefore random walks are likely to be a positive contribution to the overall cell growth on scaffolds.
The Effect of Two Novel Lubricant Eye Drops on Tear Film Lipid Layer Thickness in Subjects With Dry Eye Symptoms (2005)

In subjects with symptoms indicative of dry eye states and LLT < or =75 nm, one eye drop of Soothe more than doubled LLT, a 107% mean increase, whereas Systane increased LLT by 16%.
Stochastic Modelling of Vulnerability Life Cycle and Security Risk Evaluation (2016)

The objective of the present study is to propose a risk evaluation statistical model for a given vulnerability by examining the Vulnerability Life Cycle and the CVSS score. Having a better understanding of the behavior of vulnerability with respect to time will give us a great advantage. Such understanding will help us to avoid exploitations and introduce patches for a particular vulnerability before the attacker takes the advantage. Utilizing the proposed model one can identify the risk factor of a specific vulnerability being exploited as a function of time. Measuring of the risk factor of a given vulnerability will also help to improve the security level of software and to make appropriate decisions to patch the vulnerability before an exploitation takes place.
Reaction mechanisms in the radiolysis of peptides, polypeptides, and proteins (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction mechanisms in the radiolysis of peptides, polypeptides, and proteinsWarren M. GarrisonCite this: Chem. Rev. 1987, 87, 2, 381–398Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00078a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00078a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2551Altmetric-Citations596LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of hgpA, a gene encoding a haemoglobin/haemoglobin-haptoglobin-binding protein of Haemophilus influenzae (1999)

Haemophilus haemoglobin-haptoglobin complex and utilizes either as a sole source of haem. Previously, a DNA fragment was cloned from H. influenzae that encodes an approximately 120 kDa protein (HgpA) expressing haemoglobin-binding activity in Escherichia coli. Partial sequence analysis revealed significant homology of HgpA with other bacterial haem- and iron-utilization proteins, and a length of CCAA repeating units immediately following the nucleotide sequence encoding the putative leader peptide. In the present study, the complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned DNA fragment was determined and the sequence was analysed. In addition to homology with other haem- and iron-utilization proteins, seven regions typical of TonB-dependent proteins were identified. The transcript of hgpA was determined to be monocistronic by RT-PCR. PCR performed with different colonies of a single H. influenzae strain at one CCAA-repeat-containing locus indicated varying lengths of CCAA repeats, suggesting that haemoglobin and haemoglobin-haptoglobin binding in H. influenzae is regulated by strand slippage across CCAA repeats, as well as by haem repression. E. coli containing cloned hgpA bound both haemoglobin and the haemoglobin-haptoglobin complex. A deletion/insertion mutation of hgpA was constructed in H. influenzae strain H1689. Mutation of hgpA did not affect the ability of H. influenzae either to bind or to utilize haemoglobin or haemoglobin-haptoglobin following growth in haem-deplete media. Affinity purification of haemoglobin-binding proteins from the mutant strain revealed loss of the 120 kDa protein and an increased amount of a 115 kDa protein, suggesting that at least one additional haemoglobin-binding protein exists.
A hardware-driven profiling scheme for identifying program hot spots to support runtime optimization (1999)

This paper presents a novel hardware-based approach for identifying, profiling, and monitoring hot spots in order to support runtime optimization of general purpose programs. The proposed approach consists of a set of tightly coupled hardware tables and control logic modules that are placed in the retirement stage of a processor pipeline removed from the critical path. The features of the proposed design include rapid detection of program hot spots after changes in execution behavior, runtime-tunable selection criteria for hot spot detection, and negligible overhead during application execution. Experiments using several SPEC95 benchmarks, as well as several large WindowsNT applications, demonstrate the promise of the proposed design.
Human Leukocytes Adhere to, Penetrate, and Respond to Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms (2002)

Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen responsible for nosocomial and community infections. It readily colonizes indwelling catheters, forming microbiotic communities termed biofilms. S. aureus bacteria in biofilms are protected from killing by antibiotics and the body's immune system. For years, one mechanism behind biofilm resistance to attack from the immune system's sentinel leukocytes has been conceptualized as a deficiency in the ability of the leukocytes to penetrate the biofilm. We demonstrate here that under conditions mimicking physiological shear, leukocytes attach, penetrate, and produce cytokines in response to maturing and fully matured S. aureus biofilm.
Growing Up in the Golden Age of Science (1995)

Carbonatites are igneous rocks formed in the crust by fractional crystallization of carbonate-rich parental melts that are mostly mantle derived. They dominantly consist of carbonate minerals such as calcite, dolomite, and ankerite, as well as minor ...Read More
Collagen profile in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. (1998)

Studies on collagen in heart are important to understand the pathogenesis of myocardial necrosis and to evaluate cardiac function in infarcted heart. The present study has been undertaken to find out the alterations in collagen types in heart as well as serum proteins during myocardial injury in rats. A decreased collagen content was observed on day one which may be due to increased secretion of collagenase and proteases from inflammatory cells or from the myocardium. The changes noticed in the collagen types (I, III and V) indicated the altered elasticity of the heart. Histological studies were observed to correlate well with the biochemical changes in collagen. Evaluation of myocardial collagen could provide new approaches to the treatment of infarct size reduction.