gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and Quantification by Homogeneous PCR of Cell-free Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma (2001)

Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders has traditionally relied on invasive procedures such as amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS). As these procedures carry a small but significant risk of pregnancy loss, a convenient noninvasive prenatal diagnostic has long been sought. Although fetal cells circulating in the maternal blood have been used for prenatal screening, because of their rarity they require ∼104- to 105-fold enrichment to be detectable (1). Recently, extracellular fetal DNA has been detected in maternal circulation, suggesting that maternal blood might be a useful source of material for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (2)(3).

To quantify fetal DNA in maternal circulation, we established a quantitative, homogeneous TaqMan PCR assay based on fluorogenic probes (4). This technique involves continuous monitoring of the progress of amplification and permits target quantification. Such analytical characteristics as precision, sensitivity, and dynamic range were analyzed using human genomic DNA as template. The reproducibility of DNA extraction and PCR amplification was also determined using as target cell-free DNA extracted from pooled plasma. This assay was then tested by determining the genders of adult donors by measuring cell-free DNA in their plasma. Finally, using the male-specific SRY gene as a marker for male fetuses, we successfully determined the gender of all fetuses tested.

We collected blood samples from 38 healthy adult volunteers in EDTA. For the fetal DNA study, following approval by the Perinatal Research Committee and the Research Subjects Review Board at the University of Rochester, 30 pregnant patients were enrolled in a prospective trial with masking of those performing all tests. Maternal blood samples were collected before clinically indicated amniocentesis or CVS. Plasma was isolated immediately by centrifugation twice at 1600 g for 10 min, and then stored at −80 °C. Fetal gender was known from the karyotype, which …
ACE Inhibitors and Anemia in Congestive Heart Failure (2000)

The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can be accompanied by a number of adverse events, including cough, angioedema, and hyperkalemia, as well as a peculiar form of functional renal insufficiency. Other, less obvious side effects accompany ACE inhibitor use, such as a reduction in red blood cell production. This feature of ACE inhibitor use may be employed to good effect, as in the management of post-transplant erythrocytosis. Alternatively, the suppressive effect of ACE inhibitors on red blood cell production may intensify the anemia of chronic renal failure and/or congestive heart failure. The untreated congestive heart failure patient typically has an increased red blood cell mass as a consequence of increased erythropoietin levels, with the latter governed by congestive heart failure-related renal hypoxia. This is not expressed as an increase in hemoglobin concentration because of the increase in plasma volume that marks advanced congestive heart failure. ACE inhibitor therapy can be expected to both reduce plasma volume and decrease red blood cell production. As a result, the hemoglobin concentration changes very little in the ACE inhibitor-treated congestive heart failure patient and usually falls in the low normal range. Recently, erythropoietin has been employed to good effect in congestive heart failure patients with borderline anemia. (c)2000 by CHF, Inc.
On the Reduced Complexity Interleaving Method for OFDM PAPR Reduction (2006)

Many methods for OFDM Peak to Average Power Ratio reduction have been proposed during approximately last ten years. There are nowadays many research efforts on PAPR reduction methods with reduced computational complexity. The method presented in this paper is based on adaptive symbol selection principle, with several replicas of signal created using set of interleavers incorporated inside an IFFT block at OFDM transmitter. This paper also discusses some practical aspects of this method - influence of zero padding and pilot positions.
Comparison of Gamma Camera and Withdrawal Methods for the Measurement of Gastric Emptying (1978)

In ten healthy volunteers the emptying of 300ml 15% glucose solution from the stomach was determined with two independent methods; a gamma camera method using 99mTc-DTPA as indicator and a withdrawal method, modified after Hunt, with PEG as indicator. At 40 min the gastric contents were withdrawn, and the stomach washed out. The quantity of indicator in the withdrawal and washout fluids was determined with both methods. A close correspondence was found between the methods.
[Studies on chemical constituents of the brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata]. (2006)

Compound II and IV were obtained from this alga for the first time. The others were isolated from the Dictyotaceae algae for the first time. All compounds were inactive (IC50 > 10 microg x mL(-1)) against human tumor cell lines KB, Bel-7402, PC-3M, Ketr 3 and MCF-7.
L‐6: Late‐News Paper : Development of the Novel Transflective LCD Module Using Super‐Fine‐TFT Technology (2006)

Abstract Adopting the new structure of planarization layer on the rough reflector and designing the new optical compensation with large cell gap margin, we developed the wide viewing angle transflective LCD module with our proprietary IPS technology (Super‐Fine‐TFT technology). After measuring the viewing‐angle characteristics, the developed transflective IPS‐LCD is shown to surpass the VA mode in the transmissive performance.
Substantial Crystalline Topology in Amorphous Silicon (2010)

Using electron correlograph analysis we show that coherent nanodiffraction patterns from sputtered amorphous silicon indicate that there is more local crystallinity in unannealed amorphous silicon than was previously suspected. By comparing with simulations for various models we show that within a typical unannealed amorphous silicon film a substantial volume fraction (>50%) is topologically crystalline with correlation lengths up to 2 nm. Electron correlograph analysis is a variant of the fluctuation electron microscopy technique and its sensitivity to local crystalline ordering is derived from its sensitivity to four-body correlations.
Shaping gain by non-uniform qam constellation i with binary turbo coded modulation (2004)

A non-uniform signal constellation can be used to obtain shaping gain. One typical way to design non-uniform constellation is make the output signal follow a Gaussian distribution by using equally like signals with unequal spacing. However, for binary turbo coded modulation (BTCM) with M-QAM system, this non-uniform constellation design criteria can be modified based on different impacts of various turbo encoded hits sequence on BER performance. In this paper, author points out that shaping gain for M-QAM with BTCM can be achieved integrated with optimization of mapping rule, performance of the proposed scheme outperforms over BTCM with uniform constellation, especially under low and moderate SNR region. Meanwhile, the effects of code rate, order of QAM constellation on shaping gain are investigated. Numeral results are provided to support the proposed scheme and analysis. The proposed scheme can be applied to high rate data service with hybrid ARQ, such as HSDPA system.
Androgen Receptor Serine 81 Phosphorylation Mediates Chromatin Binding and Transcriptional Activation (2012)

Our previous findings indicated that androgen receptor (AR) phosphorylation at serine 81 is stimulated by the mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). In this report, we extended our previous study and confirmed that Ser-81 phosphorylation increases during mitosis, coincident with CDK1 activation. We further showed blocking cell cycle at G(1) or S phase did not disrupt androgen-induced Ser-81 phosphorylation and AR-dependent transcription, consistent with a recent report that AR was phosphorylated at Ser-81 and activated by the transcriptional CDK9. To assess the function of Ser-81 phosphorylation in prostate cancer (PCa) cells expressing endogenous AR, we developed a ligand switch strategy using a ligand-binding domain mutation (W741C) that renders AR responsive to the antagonist bicalutamide. An S81A/W741C double mutant AR stably expressed in PCa cells failed to transactivate the endogenous AR-regulated PSA or TMPRSS2 genes. ChIP showed that the S81A mutation prevented ligand-induced AR recruitment to these genes, and cellular fractionation revealed that the S81A mutation globally abrogated chromatin binding. Conversely, the AR fraction rapidly recruited to chromatin after androgen stimulation was highly enriched for Ser-81 phosphorylation. Finally, inhibition of CDK1 and CDK9 decreased AR Ser-81 phosphorylation, chromatin binding, and transcriptional activity. These findings indicate that Ser-81 phosphorylation by CDK9 stabilizes AR chromatin binding for transcription and suggest that CDK1-mediated Ser-81 phosphorylation during mitosis provides a pool of Ser-81 phosphorylation AR that can be readily recruited to chromatin for gene reactivation and may enhance AR activity in PCa.
Development of an Artificial Placenta IV (2012)

An extracorporeal artificial placenta would change the paradigm of treating extremely premature infants. We hypothesized that a venovenous extracorporeal life support (VV-ECLS) artificial placenta would maintain fetal circulation, hemodynamic stability, and adequate gas exchange for 24 hours. A near-term neonatal lamb model (130 days; term = 145 days) was used (n = 9). The right jugular vein was cannulated for VV-ECLS outflow, and an umbilical vein was used for inflow. The circuit included a peristaltic roller pump and a 0.5 m(2) hollow fiber oxygenator. Lambs were maintained on VV-ECLS in an "amniotic bath" for up to 24 hours. Five of nine fetuses survived for 24 hours. In the survivors, average mean arterial pressure was 69 ± 10 mm Hg for the first 4 hours and 36 ± 8 mm Hg for the remaining 20 hours. The mean fetal heart rate was 202 ± 30. Mean VV-ECLS flow was 94 ± 20 ml/kg/min. Using a gas mixture of 50% O(2)/3% CO(2) and sweep flow of 1-2 L/min, the mean pH was 7.27 ± 0.09, with Po(2) of 35 ± 12 mm Hg and Pco(2) of 48 ± 12 mm Hg. Necropsy revealed a patent ductus arteriosus in all cases, and there was no gross or microscopic intracranial hemorrhage. Complications in failed attempts included technically difficult cannulation and multisystem organ failure. Future studies will enhance stability and address the factors necessary for long-term support.
Clinical investigation of biofilm in non-healing wounds by high resolution microscopy techniques (2016)

Visual cues can be used by the clinician to guide suspicion of the presence of wound biofilm. This suspicion can be further enhanced with the use of a clinical algorithm. Standard antiseptic wound dressings used in this study demonstrated limited antibiofilm efficacy. This study also highlighted a need for the clinical team to focus on expiration of dressing action and consistent practice of BBWC strategies which includes the use of proven antibiofilm agents.
High Carrier Mobility in Single-Crystal Plasma-Deposited Diamond (2002)

Room-temperature drift mobilities of 4500 square centimeters per volt second for electrons and 3800 square centimeters per volt second for holes have been measured in high-purity single-crystal diamond grown using a chemical vapor deposition process. The low-field drift mobility values were determined by using the time-of-flight technique on thick, intrinsic, freestanding diamond plates and were verified by current-voltage measurements on p-i junction diodes. The improvement of the electronic properties of single-crystal diamond and the reproducibility of those properties are encouraging for research on, and development of, high-performance diamond electronics.
Efficient Privacy-Preserving Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Communications with Trustworthy (2010)

In this paper, we introduce an efficient and trustworthy conditional privacy-preserving communication protocol for VANETs based on proxy re-signature. The proposed protocol is characterized by the Trusted Authority (TA) designating the Roadside Units (RSUs) to translate signatures computed by the On-Board Units (OBUs) into one that are valid with respect to TA's public key. In addition, the proposed protocol offers both a priori and a posteriori countermeasures: it can not only provide fast anonymous authentication and privacy tracking, but guarantees message trustworthiness for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. Furthermore, it reduces the communication overhead and offers fast message authentication and, low storage requirements. We use extensive analysis to demonstrate the merits of the proposed protocol and to contrast it with previously proposed solutions.
Transformation of 2-Butene into Propene on WO3/MCM-48: Metathesis and Isomerization of n-Butene (2018)

The metathesis of 2-butene (Trans and Cis) to propene was investigated over W-based catalysts. Thermodynamic calculations for metathesis and isomerization were carried out at various temperatures to test the reactions. The results showed that the WO3/MCM-48 catalyst had good catalytic activity. The metathesis activity depended on the acidity of the catalyst and the dispersity of the WO3 on the supports. High temperatures promoted the isomerization of 2-butene to 1-butene. According to thermodynamic analysis, however, this is adverse to the metathesis reaction, making it important to determine an appropriate reaction temperature.
MOLECULAR GENETICS OF POLYKETIDES AND ITS COMPARISON TO FATTY ACID BIOSYNTHESIS (1990)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
Insights into Gene Expression Changes Impacting B-Cell Transformation: Cross-Species Microarray Analysis of Bovine Leukemia Virus Tax-Responsive Genes in Ovine B Cells (2006)

Large-animal models for leukemia have the potential to aid in the understanding of networks that contribute to oncogenesis. Infection of cattle and sheep with bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a complex retrovirus related to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is associated with the development of B-cell leukemia. Whereas the natural disease in cattle is characterized by a low tumor incidence, experimental infection of sheep leads to overt leukemia in the majority of infected animals, providing a model for studying the pathogenesis associated with BLV and HTLV-1. Tax(BLV), the major oncoprotein, initiates a cascade of events leading toward malignancy, although the basis of transformation is not fully understood. We have taken a cross-species ovine-to-human microarray approach to identify Tax(BLV)-responsive transcriptional changes in two sets of cultured ovine B cells following retroviral vector-mediated delivery of Tax(BLV). Using cDNA-spotted microarrays comprising 10,336 human genes/expressed sequence tags, we identified a cohort of differentially expressed genes, including genes related to apoptosis, DNA transcription, and repair; proto-oncogenes; cell cycle regulators; transcription factors; small Rho GTPases/GTPase-binding proteins; and previously reported Tax(HTLV-1)-responsive genes. Interestingly, genes known to be associated with human neoplasia, especially B-cell malignancies, were extensively represented. Others were novel or unexpected. The results suggest that Tax(BLV) deregulates a broad network of interrelated pathways rather than a single B-lineage-specific regulatory process. Although cross-species approaches do not permit a comprehensive analysis of gene expression patterns, they can provide initial clues for the functional roles of genes that participate in B-cell transformation and pinpoint molecular targets not identified using other methods in animal models.
Increased serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha are correlated to soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 concentrations in non-small cell lung cancer patients. (1998)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been shown to induce shedding of ICAM-1. Experimental studies report that soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) may interfere with the host immunesurveillance system. Serum levels of TNF-alpha and sICAM-1 were determined by ELISA in 112 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Serum concentration of TNF-alpha and sICAM-1 were related to tumor burden and progression; a significant correlation was observed between circulating levels of TNF-alpha and sICAM-1. Our study suggests that ICAM-1 could be a marker of TNF-alpha activity and that high levels of these molecules may have a prognostic value in lung cancer.
Difluoromethylornithine antagonizes taxol cytotoxicity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (1997)

Taxol is a naturally occurring anticancer agent. We studied the combined effects of taxol with 0.1 mM of the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in the MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line. The effects of taxol on MCF-7 cells were evident at 0.05-1 microM and the half-maximum inhibition was calculated to be 0.05 microM. Although the cells in the control group continued to proliferate during an 8-day growth period, cells in the taxol-treated group showed approximately 78% inhibition on day 6 and approximately 92% inhibition on day 8. The combined effects of different concentrations of taxol with 0.1 mM DFMO for 48 h showed that DFMO reversed the cytotoxicity of taxol. The combined effects of 0.5 microM taxol and 0.1 mM DFMO over an 8-day period resulted in the reversal of taxol cytotoxicity by 74% on the sixth day of culture. Pretreatment and posttreatment with 0.1 mM DFMO protected the MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells from the cytotoxic effect of taxol. Polyamine levels were inhibited in cells treated with DFMO for 24 h. In a separate experiment, we verified that the addition of exogenous putrescine along with taxol and DFMO to cultures for 48 h restored the cytotoxic effects of taxol. Following exposure to 0.5 microM taxol, over 59% of MCF-7 cells were in G2/M phase. DFMO (0.1 mM) showed only a slight increase in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. However, in cells treated with taxol and DFMO, there was no change in the percent of cells in the G2/M phase compared to taxol-treated cells. Therefore, depletion of cellular polyamines may not interfere with cell cycle changes induced by taxol. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 0.5 microM taxol resulted in the fragmentation of genomic DNA, indicating apoptosis, whereas the combined effects of taxol with DFMO inhibited DNA fragmentation.
Oxidants and Antioxidants in Cutaneous Biology (2000)

Are free radicals and reactive oxygen species relevant to dermatopathology? Do antioxidants protect against free-radical-mediated cutaneous diseases and aging? To these and further current questions in the rapidly progressing field of basic and applied skin research, this up-to-date volume provides a scientific basis. It presents state-of-the-art reviews on the progress in detection of free radicals and antioxidants and their responses to environmental oxidative stressors. Furthermore, several expert contributions focus on the exciting developments in oxidative DNA damage and UVB- and UVA-induced signal transduction in skin. Finally, information is given on new antioxidant protection strategies against skin carcinogenesis and skin aging which may be fundamental for the pharmaceutical or skin-care products of tomorrow. Due to its unique and up-to-date collection of state-of-the-art contributions by many of the world’s leading scientists in the field, this book will be essential reading for dermatologists, cosmetologists, pharmacologists and environmental toxicologists
Azobenzenes in a New Light—Switching In Vivo (2012)

Two bands make light work: since the isomerization of azobenzenes is usually induced by UV light, its application is limited in living systems. A new azobenzene switch now operates entirely in the visible range. The new design is based on the introduction of OMe groups in the ortho positions, which splits the n-π* transition into two absorption bands. The two isomeric forms can be obtained with more than 80 % enrichment from the respective photostationary state.
Antileukemic effects of novel immunomodulatory agent lenalinomide (L) with or without rituximab (R) in patients (pts) with relapsed (rel) or refractory (ref) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Encouraging preliminary results of an ongoing phase II clinical study (2005)

6557 Introduction: Tumor microenvironment (ME) and cytokine milieu play an important role in CLL cell survival, growth and resistance to therapy. VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 are over expressed on CLL cells. Both VEGF and TNF-α are thought to play an important role in CLL pathogenesis. L (Revlimid™) is an immunomodulatory agent that can downregulate VEGF and TNF-α. The anti-tumor effect of L in CLL is unknown. We hypothesized that targeting CLL tumor ME by down regulation of key regulatory cytokines with L will predispose these cells to undergo apoptosis. Method: All pts with rel or ref CLL were eligible. L was given at 25mg PO QD x 21 days followed by 7 days rest on a 28 day cycle. Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) at Day 0, 7 and 30 were done to determine direct anti-CLL effect of L. Response was assessed at day 30 and then monthly using the NCI-WG criteria. Pts with stable disease or better response will be continued on therapy for 6 months while those with progressive disease (PD) will receive R (375mg/m2) added to L. Results: Nine pts (6M, 1F; median age 66 years, range 58–74; median stage III, range I-IV) have been enrolled to date. Median baseline ALC was 46k (8–106). Of the pts who completed 30 days of L (n=7), all pts are available for toxicity and 5 for response evaluation. The most common side effect was fatigue and rash (6 pts). A flare reaction (tender swelling of lymph nodes) and tumor lysis syndrome was noted in 1 pt each. Six of the 7 (85.7%) pts responded at day 30 (median decrease in ALC; 61%, Range; 55–70%) with 1 CR and 5 PR while 1 pt withdrew consent and is not evaluable for response. None of the pts have PD yet and therefore have not received R. Conclusion: This is the first experience with L in pts with CLL. In our experience single agent L is reasonably well tolerated with rapid anti-CLL effects, noted as early as day 7 of treatment. Toxicity profile so far is predictable and manageable. Further follow-up will ascertain the durability of these responses and establish the role of L in treatment of pts with CLL. Accrual is ongoing and updated results of this phase II study will be presented at the meeting. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Celgene Celgene
Consensus Review and Definition of Nonallergic Rhinitis With a Focus on Vasomotor Rhinitis, Proposed to be Known henceforth as Nonallergic Rhinopathy (2009)

"Nonallergic vasomotor rhinitis" (also referred to as nonallergic rhinitis and/or idiopathic rhinitis) is a term that has been used to describe a common nasal condition of unclear pathophysiology. Clinical options for patients are limited by a lack of straightforward diagnostic criteria and poorly defined and heterogeneous populations in clinical trials. A roundtable conference convened in December 2008 addressed these challenges. The outcomes were (1) a revised clinical definition and (2) appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria (based on the revised definition) to be used for the enrollment of subjects in future clinical studies.