gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activin-Binding Protein Is Present in Pituitary* (1991)

A binding protein for activin was purified from bovine pituitary by affinity chromatography on dextran sulfate-Sepharose CL-4B and activin-Affi-Gel 10. A 52,700-fold purification over the starting crude homogenate was achieved. The purified preparation showed two bands of 36 and 33 kilodalton in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. The ability of each form of the protein to specifically bind activin was determined by ligand blot analysis and binding competition study. Each protein was found to have the same NH2-terminus and its sequence was identical to that of follistatin, which is a specific inhibitor of identical to that of follistatin, which is a specific inhibitor of FSH release. Moreover, the binding protein was shown to inhibit the spontaneous FSH release from cultured pituitary cells as does follistatin. These properties are the same as activin-binding protein that we have obtained from rat ovary. These results support a conclusion that activin-binding protein/follistatin exists also in the pituitary. Activin-binding protein has an ability to inhibit the activin-induced augmentation of FSH release from cultured pituitary cells as does inhibin. However, the inhibitory pattern by the binding protein was quite distinct from that of inhibin, suggesting that there may be different mechanism(s) for their antagonistic actions. Stoichiometric inhibition as shown by gel filtration analysis indicates that activin-binding protein binds activin to form an inactive equimolar complex having neither stimulatory nor inhibitory activity for FSH secretion by the pituitary. These findings suggest that activin is actually involved in FSH secretion in the pituitary and that the activin action in the pituitary is regulated by activin-binding protein/follistatin.
사물인터넷 기술의 개념, 특징 및 전망 (2015)

다분히 추상적이고 비현실적인 먼 미래의 기술일 것 같았던 사물인터넷 기술이 이제 우리 일상생활 속으로 점점 파고들고 있다. 아직까지는 스마트폰과의 1차, 2차의 단순한 연결을 통한 사물 네트워크 서비스가 주를 이루고 있지만 하루가 멀다 하고 보다 진화된 사물인터넷 기술을 응용한 수많은 사례들이 보고되고 있다. 현재 사물인터넷 기술은 Industry 4.0 개념의 스마트팩토리, 아마존의 드론을 이용한 직배 송 물류 기술, 구글의 무인자동차 기술 등 요즘 한참 화두가 되고 있는 거의 대부분의 미래 기술들에 직간접적으로 관여되고 있다. 이렇게 사물인터넷 기술은 스마트폰 위주의 모바일 혁명의 시대를 넘어 새로운 시대, 신시장을 개척할 신성장동력으로 자리매김하고 있다. 한편에서는 사물인터넷 기술이 우리에게 가져다 줄 장밋빛 미래와 산업 전체에 미칠 어마어마한 파장에 대해 수많은 전망들을 쏟아내고 있다. 또한, 다른 한편에서는 모든 사람과 사물이 네트워크로 연결되는 초연결 사회(Hyper-connectivity Society)에서 인류가 직면하게 될 삶의 변화, 인간소외 및 기술 철학적인 관점에서의 우려 섞인 의견들을 조심스럽게 꺼내기 시작했다. 이런 시점에 본 보고서에서는 주로 사물인터넷의 개념, 특징, 발전방향, 요소기술 및 한계점들을 정리해 보았다.
Chlorotoxin Labeled Magnetic Nanovectors for Targeted Gene Delivery to Glioma (2010)

Glioma accounts for 80% of brain tumors and currently remains one of the most lethal forms of cancers. Gene therapy could potentially improve the dismal prognosis of patients with glioma, but this treatment modality has not yet reached the bedside from the laboratory due to the lack of safe and effective gene delivery vehicles. In this study we investigate targeted gene delivery to C6 glioma cells in a xenograft mouse model using chlorotoxin (CTX) labeled nanoparticles. The developed nanovector consists of an iron oxide nanoparticle core, coated with a copolymer of chitosan, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyethylenimine (PEI). Green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding DNA was bound to these nanoparticles, and CTX was then attached using a short PEG linker. Nanoparticles without CTX were also prepared as a control. Mice bearing C6 xenograft tumors were injected intravenously with the DNA-bound nanoparticles. Nanoparticle accumulation in the tumor site was monitored using magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed by histology, and GFP gene expression was monitored through Xenogen IVIS fluorescence imaging and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Interestingly, the CTX did not affect the accumulation of nanoparticles at the tumor site but specifically enhanced their uptake into cancer cells as evidenced by higher gene expression. These results indicate that this targeted gene delivery system may potentially improve treatment outcome of gene therapy for glioma and other deadly cancers.
Endothelin-3 Is Produced by Metastatic Melanoma Cells and Promotes Melanoma Cell Survival (2008)

Therefore, an abnormal autocrine stimulation pathway involving ET-3 is present in metastatic melanoma cells. Blocking this signal transduction pathway may prove useful for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
Quantum Information in Semiconductors: Noiseless Encoding in a Quantum-Dot Array (1998)

A potential implementation of quantum-computation schemes in semiconductor-based structures is proposed. In particular, an array of quantum dots is shown to be an ideal quantum register for a noiseless information encoding. In addition to the suppression of phase-breaking processes in quantum dots due to the well-known phonon bottleneck, we show that a proper quantum encoding allows one to realize a decoherence-free evolution on a time scale long compared to the femtosecond scale of modern ultrafast laser technology. This result might open the way to the realization of semiconductor-based quantum processors.
Empirical study on relationship between informatisation and development of tourism in China (2012)

The relationship between informatisation and tourism tops the agenda of the economics research. In this paper, cointegration analysis, error correction model, and Granger causality estimation were used to test the relationship of China’s informatisation and tourism, based on the data from 1994 to 2010. The empirical test showed that although the short-run fluctuation exists, there is a stable equilibrium relation between China’s informatisation and tourism in the long run. In addition, on the comparison between international and domestic tourism, it concluded that the informatisation plays more significant role in promoting domestic tourism than international tourism.
Organic Functionalization and Morphology Control of Mesoporous Silicas via a Co-Condensation Synthesis Method (2003)

A series of new mesoporous silica materials with MCM-41 type of structure containing a homogeneous layer of organic functional groups inside the pores was prepared using a co-condensation method under low surfactant concentration condition. This reproducible synthetic approach resulted in high surface coverage with several functional groups such as a primary amine, secondary amine, urea, isocyanate, vinyl, and nitrile. In addition, the presence of organoalkoxysilane precursors during the base catalyzed condensation greatly influenced the final particle shape. By changing the precursor or its concentration, the particle morphology was tuned to various shapes, including spheres, tubes, and rods of various dimensions. The synthetic procedures that gave rise to the specific particle morphologies were investigated and the mechanism responsible for shape control was postulated. The structure and functionality of these materials were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption and desorption studies (BET isotherms and BJH pore size distribution measurements).
Evaluation of fluralaner and afoxolaner treatments to control flea populations, reduce pruritus and minimize dermatologic lesions in naturally infested dogs in private residences in west central Florida USA (2016)

In a clinical field investigation conducted during the summer of 2015 in subtropical Florida, a single administration of an oral fluralaner chew completely eliminated dog and premises flea infestations and markedly reduced dermatology lesions and pruritus. Three monthly doses of the afoxolaner chewable also eliminated flea infestations in dogs, markedly reduced premises' flea populations and similarly improved dermatology lesions and pruritus.
Targeting of active rat α2,3-sialyltransferase to the yeast cell wall by the aid of the hsp 150Δ-carrier: toward synthesis of sLex-decorated L-selectin ligands (1996)

Interactions between selectins and their oligosaccharide-decorated ligands play a crucial role in the initiation of leukocyte extravasation. We have shown that synthetic multivalent sialyl Lewis x glycans inhibit strongly the adhesion of lymphocytes to endothelium at sites of inflammation. However, enzyme-assisted synthesis of these oligosaccharides is hampered by the lack of sufficient amounts of specific glycosyltransferases. We report here the construction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing the soluble catalytic ectodomain of rat Galβ1–3/4GlcNAc α2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Ne) fused to the C-terminus of the hsp150Δ-carrier polypeptide. The hsp150Δ-carrier, which is an N-terminal fragment of a natural secretory protein of yeast, is able to confer secretion-competence to several heterologous proteins, which otherwise remain in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum. The ST3Ne portion of the hspl50Δ-ST3Ne fusion protein adopted an enzymatically active conformation and was N-glycosylated and disulfide-bonded. HSP150Δ-ST3Ne was secreted with a half-time of about 7.5 min and remained intercalated in the cell wall, which covers the yeast plasma membrane. About 110 mU of sialyl transferase per litre was produced in 16 h. Whole live yeast cells were able to transfer sialic acid from CMP-NeuNAc to N-acetyllactosamine yielding α2,3-sialyl-N-acetyllactosa-mine, as evidenced by paper chromatography, cleavage by linkage-specific sialidase, and NMR analysis. Our data suggest that yeast cells externalizing mammalian glycosyl-transferases with the aid of the hsp150Δ-carrier could provide a source of enzymes for synthesis of valuable oligosac-charides.
Profiting from nature: macroporous copper with superior mechanical properties (2007)

Macroporous copper with a complex hyperbolic morphology and superior mechanical properties was produced by replicating the remarkable form of a sea urchin skeletal plate using templated electrochemical deposition.
Catalytic Asymmetric Hetero-Diels–Alder Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds and Imines (2000)

Asymmetric catalysis is a challenge for chemists: How can we design catalysts to achieve the goal of forming optically active compounds? This review provides the reader with an overview of the development of catalytic asymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of carbonyl compounds and imines. Since its discovery, the Diels-Alder reaction has undergone intensive development and is of fundamental importance for synthetic, physical, and theoretical chemists. The Diels-Alder reaction has been through different stages of development, and at the beginning of the 21st century catalytic Diels-Alder reactions are one of the main areas of focus. The preparation of numerous compounds of importance for our society is based on cycloaddition reactions to carbonyl compounds and imines. There are several parallels between the reactions of carbonyl compounds and those of imines, which, however, begin to vanish on entering the field of catalytic reactions. Why? From a mechanistic point of view some similarities can be drawn, but the synthetic development of catalytic enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of imines are several years behind those of the carbonyl compounds. For hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of carbonyl compounds there a number of different chiral catalysts, and great progress has been achieved in developing enantioselective reactions for unactivated and activated carbonyl compounds. In contrast the development of catalytic enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of imines is in its infancy and only few catalytic reactions have been published. This review will focus on the most important developments, and discuss the synthetic and mechanistic aspects of enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of carbonyl compounds catalyzed by chiral Lewis acids. For the hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of imines, the diastereoselective reactions of optically substrates catalyzed by Lewis acids will be presented first, followed by the catalytic enantioselective reactions.
Thousand litre scale microcarrier culture of Vero cells for killed polio virus vaccine. Promising results. (1983)

Through the progress of scientific knowledge the Vero cell line was considered to be a suitable alternative cell substrate for the industrial production of Polio Virus. Using microcarrier culture, more than 10(12) cells could be obtained weekly for virus inoculation. The virus yield is around 60 D units/ml for type I; 20 D units/ml for type II, and 50 D units/ml for type III.
HER-2/neu in node-negative breast cancer: prognostic significance of overexpression influenced by the presence of in situ carcinoma. (1992)

Overexpression of HER-2/neu is associated with poor clinical outcome in a subset of node-negative patients with small, ER-positive, predominantly invasive tumors and may play a role in resistance to adjuvant chemotherapy.
Anemia Management and the Delay of Chronic Renal Failure Progression (2003)

Interstitial fibrosis plays a key role in the progression of chronic kidney diseases. Analysis of the biologic effects of erythropoietin and of the pathophysiology of interstitial fibrosis suggest that treatment with epoetin may slow the progression of chronic kidney disease, both by decreasing interstitial fibrosis and by protecting against its consequences. The results of two small prospective studies and of a retrospective one also suggest that treatment with epoetin may have such protective effects.
Developmental abnormalities and age-related neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Down syndrome (1996)

To study the pathogenesis of central nervous system abnormalities in Down syndrome (DS), we have analyzed a new genetic model of DS, the partial trisomy 16 (Ts65Dn) mouse. Ts65Dn mice have an extra copy of the distal aspect of mouse chromosome 16, a segment homologous to human chromosome 21 that contains much of the genetic material responsible for the DS phenotype. Ts65Dn mice show developmental delay during the postnatal period as well as abnormal behaviors in both young and adult animals that may be analogous to mental retardation. Though the Ts65Dn brain is normal on gross examination, there is age-related degeneration of septohippocampal cholinergic neurons and astrocytic hypertrophy, markers of the Alzheimer disease pathology that is present in elderly DS individuals. These findings suggest that Ts65Dn mice may be used to study certain developmental and degenerative abnormalities in the DS brain.
Modal expansion approach to optical-frequency-comb generation with monolithic whispering-gallery-mode resonators (2010)

We describe a general framework based on modal expansion for the study of optical-frequency combs generated with monolithic whispering-gallery-mode resonators. We obtain a set of time-domain rate equations describing the dynamics of each mode as a function of the main characteristics of the cavity, namely, Kerr nonlinearity, absorption, coupling losses, and cavity dispersion (geometrical and material). A stability analysis of the various side modes is performed, which finds analytically the threshold power needed for comb generation. We show that the various whispering gallery modes are excited in a nontrivial way, strongly dependent on the value of the overall cavity dispersion. We demonstrate that the combs are not simply generated through a direct transfer of energy from the pumped mode to all their neighbors but rather through complex intermediate interactions. Anomalous cavity dispersion is also demonstrated to be critical for these cascading processes, and comb generation is thereby unambiguously linked to modulational instability. This theory accurately describes the emergence of spectral modulation and free spectral-range tunability in the comb. It also enables a clear understanding of the various phenomena responsible for the spectral span limitation. Our theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with the numerical simulations, and they successfully explain the internal mechanisms responsible for the generation of hundreds of Kerr modes in monolithic whispering-gallery-mode resonators.
Single-Stranded &#947;PNAs for In Vivo Site-Specific Genome Editing via Watson-Crick Recognition (2014)

Triplex-forming peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) facilitate gene editing by stimulating recombination of donor DNAs within genomic DNA via site-specific formation of altered helical structures that further stimulate DNA repair. However, PNAs designed for triplex formation are sequence restricted to homopurine sites. Herein we describe a novel strategy where next generation single-stranded gamma PNAs (γPNAs) containing miniPEG substitutions at the gamma position can target genomic DNA in mouse bone marrow at mixed-sequence sites to induce targeted gene editing. In addition to enhanced binding, γPNAs confer increased solubility and improved formulation into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for efficient intracellular delivery. Single-stranded γPNAs induce targeted gene editing at frequencies of 0.8% in mouse bone marrow cells treated ex vivo and 0.1% in vivo via IV injection, without detectable toxicity. These results suggest that γPNAs may provide a new tool for induced gene editing based on Watson-Crick recognition without sequence restriction.
Effect of a single amino acid mutation on the activating and immunosuppressive properties of a "humanized" OKT3 monoclonal antibody (1992)

The binding specificity of the murine OKT3 has been transferred into a human antibody framework to reduce its immunogenicity. This "humanized" anti-CD3 mAb (gOKT3-5) was previously shown to retain, in vitro, all the properties of native OKT3, including T cell activation, which has been correlated, in vivo, with the severe side effects observed in transplant recipients after the first administration of the mAb. T cell activation is thought to be triggered by the cross-linking mediated by the antibodies between T cells and Fc receptor-bearing cells. In this study, we introduced a single amino acid mutation from a leucine to a glutamic acid at position 235 in the Fc receptor binding segment of the gOKT3-5 mAb to produce Glu-235 mAb. This mutation generated a 100-fold decrease in the affinity of the antibody for the Fc receptor on U937 cells, without affecting Ag binding. In parallel, we observed a marked reduction in the T cell activation triggered by the mAb (proliferation, cell surface expression of early activation markers including Leu 23 and IL-2R, and release of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and granulocyte macrophage-CSF). In contrast, the mutated mAb retained suppressive properties similar to the gOKT3-5 mAb, as assessed by significant modulation of the T cell receptor complex and suppression of Ag-specific CTL activity. We conclude that this anti-CD3 mAb bearing a single amino acid mutation in its Fc portion retains important immunosuppressive properties, while exhibiting significantly less T cell activation than OKT3 in vitro. This drug might achieve potent immunosuppression while minimizing acute toxicity in vivo and thus be useful in transplantation as well as in autoimmune diseases.
Context Aware Personalized Ad Insertion in an Interactive TV Environment (2008)

Abstract. The growth of digital television over satellite, cable as well as terrestrial networks has driven advertisers to ‘better target ” users by local personalized advertisements, which generates qualified lead for future sales. Context awareness in ITV applications can be used as a powerful tool to deliver most relevant and personalized ad based on user’s context. In this paper we have proposed architecture for context aware real time selection and insertion of advertisements into the live broadcast stream by taking into consideration the user’s current and past contextual information. Our approach is based on aggregating a past sequence of individual contexts and associating the current user activity to those past contexts to determine the best ad to be delivered relevant to the current activity.
경사증착법을 이용한 PM-OLED용 무기박막형 보호층 연구 (2003)

In this study, the MgO thin-film passivation layer was adopted to protect passive matrix organic light emitting diode(PMOLED) with the cathode separator from moisture and oxygen. Using the substrate rotate and tilt technique during the deposition, the organic and cathode layers were perfectly covere...
Microbials for the production of monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments (2013)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody fragments represent the most important biopharmaceutical products today. Because full length antibodies are glycosylated, mammalian cells, which allow human-like N-glycosylation, are currently used for their production. However, mammalian cells have several drawbacks when it comes to bioprocessing and scale-up, resulting in long processing times and elevated costs. By contrast, antibody fragments, that are not glycosylated but still exhibit antigen binding properties, can be produced in microbial organisms, which are easy to manipulate and cultivate. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the expression systems, strain engineering, and production processes for the three main microbials used in antibody and antibody fragment production, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, and Escherichia coli.
Volumetric digital image correlation applied to X-Ray microtomography images form triaxial compression tests on argillaceaous rocks (2007)

A set of triaxial compression tests on specimens of argillaceous rock were performed under tomographic monitoring at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France, using an original experimental set-up developed at Laboratoire 3S, Grenoble. Complete 3D images of the specimens were recorded throughout each test using X-ray microtomography. Such images were subsequently analysed using a Volumetric Digital Image Correlation software developed at the Laboratoire de Me?canique des Solides in Palaiseau, France. Full-field incremental strain measurements were obtained, which allow to detect the onset of shear strain localisation and to characterise its development in a 3D complex pattern. Volumetric Digital Image Correlation revealed patterns which could not be directly observed from the original tomographic images, because the deformation process in the zones of localised deformation was essentially isochoric (i.e. without volumetric strain), hence not associated to density changes.
Acid potentiation of the capsaicin receptor determined by a key extracellular site (2000)

The capsaicin (vanilloid) receptor, VR1, is a sensory neuron-specific ion channel that serves as a polymodal detector of pain-producing chemical and physical stimuli. The response of VR1 to capsaicin or noxious heat is dynamically potentiated by extracellular protons within a pH range encountered during tissue acidosis, such as that associated with arthritis, infarction, tumor growth, and other forms of injury. A molecular determinant for this important physiological activity was localized to an extracellular Glu residue (E600) in the region linking the fifth transmembrane domain with the putative pore-forming region of the channel. We suggest that this residue serves as a key regulatory site of the receptor by setting sensitivity to other noxious stimuli in response to changes in extracellular proton concentration. We also demonstrate that protons, vanilloids, and heat promote channel opening through distinct pathways, because mutations at a second site (E648) selectively abrogate proton-evoked channel activation without diminishing responses to other noxious stimuli. Our findings provide molecular evidence for stimulus-specific steps in VR1 activation and offer strategies for the development of novel analgesic agents.