gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antidepressants for agitation and psychosis in patients with dementia. (2012)

There are few high-quality studies examining the effectiveness of antidepressants for treating the neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. Although there is some evidence to support the use of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) sertraline (Zoloft) and citalopram (Celexa), they should be used only if nonpharmacologic interventions are unsuccessful.
Heterotransplantation of Human Fetal Pituitaries in Nude Mice* (1977)

The heterotransplantation of minced human fetal pituitaries into adult thymus-aplastic nude mice is described. Development and growth of such grafts were observed in 16 of 21 recipient mice. Histological examinations of the transplants showed typical adenohypophyseal cells. Neurohypophyseal cells could never be detected. The levels of human growth hormone (hGH) varied between 0.8 and 42.0 ng\ml in the plasma of the hosts (mean value 7.2 ng\ml, by radioimmunoassay).
Analysis of the Conformational Behavior and Stability of the SAP and TSAP Isomers of Lanthanide(III) NB-DOTA-Type Chelates (2011)

Controlling the water exchange kinetics of macrocyclic Gd(3+) chelates, a key parameter in the design of improved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast media, may be facilitated by selecting the coordination geometry of the chelate. The water exchange kinetics of the mono- capped twisted square antiprism (TSAP) being much closer to optimal than those of the mono capped square antiprism (SAP) render the TSAP isomer more desirable for high relaxivity applications. Two systems have been developed that allow for selection of the TSAP coordination geometry in 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-type Gd(3+) chelates, both based upon the macrocycle nitrobenzyl cyclen. In this paper we report investigations into the stability and formation of these chelates. Particular focus is given to the production of two regioisomeric chelates during the chelation reaction. These regioisomers are distinguished by having the nitrobenzyl substituent either on a corner or on the side of the macrocyclic ring. The origin of these two regioisomers appears to stem from a conformation of the ligand in solution in which it is hypothesized that pendant arms lie both above and below the plane of the macrocycle. The conformational changes that then result during the formation of the intermediate H(2)GdL(+) chelate give rise to differing positions of the nitrobenzyl substituent depending upon from which face of the macrocycle the Ln(3+) approaches the ligand.
Cancer surveillance behaviors and psychosocial factors among long‐term survivors of breast cancer (2009)

Many long-term breast cancer survivors were not within recommended cancer surveillance guidelines. Private health insurance was associated with following recommendations for pelvic examinations, although such a relation did not exist for breast cancer surveillance. The results of this study have implications for the development of educational programs to improve cancer surveillance among the growing population of long-term breast cancer survivors.
Preparation of Continuous Mesoporous Silica Thin Film on a Porous Tube (2002)

A crack-free, mesoporous silica thin film (see Figure) has been formed on a macroporous support by prefilling the support pores with poly(vinyl alcohol). The ordered mesoporous silica thin film with narrow pore size distribution was synthesized via a sol–gel route. These thin films have a number of potential applications, including in membrane-based separation processes, as catalysts, and as chemical sensors.
Triglycerides Induce Leptin Resistance at the Blood-Brain Barrier (2004)

Obesity is associated with leptin resistance as evidenced by hyperleptinemia. Resistance arises from impaired leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), defects in leptin receptor signaling, and blockades in downstream neuronal circuitries. The mediator of this resistance is unknown. Here, we show that milk, for which fats are 98% triglycerides, immediately inhibited leptin transport as assessed with in vivo, in vitro, and in situ models of the BBB. Fat-free milk and intralipid, a source of vegetable triglycerides, were without effect. Both starvation and diet-induced obesity elevated triglycerides and decreased the transport of leptin across the BBB, whereas short-term fasting decreased triglycerides and increased transport. Three of four triglycerides tested intravenously inhibited transport of leptin across the BBB, but their free fatty acid constituents were without effect. Treatment with gemfibrozil, a drug that specifically reduces triglyceride levels, reversed both hypertriglyceridemia and impaired leptin transport. We conclude that triglycerides are an important cause of leptin resistance as mediated by impaired transport across the BBB and suggest that triglyceride-mediated leptin resistance may have evolved as an anti-anorectic mechanism during starvation. Decreasing triglycerides may potentiate the anorectic effect of leptin by enhancing leptin transport across the BBB.
Novel method for detection of small amounts of RNA based on the semi-nested polymerase chain reaction. (1997)

A technique for the amplification of very small quantities of cDNA based on a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction system has been developed. The technique uses an additional blocking oligonucleotide "primer" in the second round nest which is complementary to one of the first round primers. This prevents amplification of first round product or of any other unwanted products dependent on that primer, but allows amplification of second round product, using first round product as the template. The second round primers are added through the oil layer, eliminating the possibility of introducing first round product aerosol into the atmosphere, as would be the case in a fully nested system. Contamination is therefore minimised, while amplification of the desired product is maximised.
Pain Associated With Injection of Botulinum A Exotoxin Reconstituted Using Isotonic Sodium Chloride With and Without Preservative (2002)

Use of preservative-containing saline to reconstitute botulinum A exotoxin can significantly decrease patient discomfort on injection.
On the Conversion of Program Specifications into Pseudo Code using Jackson Structured Programming (2001)

In this paper, we present a technique to automatically translate program specifications into pseudo code. This technique is developed in the context of the well-known programming method Jackson Structured Programming (JSP). The objective of our research is to investigate to what extent a programming method can be automated. Current CASE tools are only able to automate programming methods to a very limited extent, whereas our technique automates the entire programming cycle by creating pseudo code from program specifications. We show that the JSP programming method can be transformed into a set of formal rules when the scope of the technique is limited to a well-defined area of problems. The rules are implemented in a CASE tool, called JSPTool, which is currently operative, although still in a prototyping phase. We believe that the strength of the CASE tool lies in the fact that it is able to automate the programming process completely, although its scope possibly is still rather limited. In this paper, the technique is explained by solving an example programming problem. The source language that has been developed to enter program specifications is briefly explained. Also, the differences between other JSP CASE tools and JSPTool are dealt with. Some additional features of the method are discussed and suggestions for future research are given.
An nMOS addressed liquid crystal spatial light modulator (1987)

Coherent optical data processing is recognised, for many applications, as a viable alternative to digital electronic signal processing; the case for using coherent optics is particularly strong when the data to be processed is two dimensional in nature. It has long been accpeted that, in order for coherent optical processing to achieve its full performance potential, two dimensional spatial light modulators - capable of operating in real time - are essential at both the object plane (where the data is input to the system) and the Fourier plane (where the operation carried out on the data is determined). Most previous research in the field of spatial modulators has concentrated on optically addressed devices for use in the object plane. This thesis describes a prototype liquid crystal over silicon spatial light modulator built to test the feasibility of using such devices in a coherent optical processor. Optically, the device operates as a binary amplitude modulator, consisting of a square array of 16x16 pixels, each of size 100x100 m^2 and located at 200m centres. The integrated circuit is designed for a 6m wafer fabrication process. Each pixel of the IC contains a static memory element (which stores a digital logic voltage corresponding to the optical state of that pixel) and provides a stable square wave voltage signal to drive the liquid crystal layer. The component parts of the spatial light modulator are tested individually: the liquid crystal, in test cells, for contrast and switching speed; the IC for electrical performance and optical (flatness) characteristics. The effect of pixellation on optical performance is investigated. The performance of live devices is demonstrated. The results indicate the feasibility of using such a device as a binary amplitude spatial light modulator.
Magnitude and orientation dependence of intermolecular interaction of perfluoropropane dimer studied by high-level ab initio calculations: Comparison with propane dimer (2004)

Intermolecular interaction energies of 12 orientations of C(3)F(8) dimers were calculated with electron correlation correction by the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation method. The antiparallel C(2h) dimer has the largest interaction energy (-1.45 kcal/mol). Electron correlation correction increases the attraction considerably. Electrostatic energy is not large. Dispersion is mainly responsible for the attraction. Orientation dependence of the interaction energy of the C(3)F(8) dimer is substantially smaller than that of the C(3)H(8) dimer. The calculated interaction energy of the C(3)F(8) dimer at the potential minimum is 78% of that of the C(3)H(8) dimer (-1.85 kcal/mol), whereas the interaction energies of the CF(4) and C(2)F(6) dimers are larger than those of the CH(4) and C(2)H(6) dimers. The intermolecular separation in the C(3)F(8) dimer at the potential minimum is substantially larger than that in the C(3)H(8) dimer. The larger intermolecular separation due to the steric repulsion between fluorine atoms is the cause of the smaller interaction energy of the C(3)F(8) dimer at the potential minimum. The calculated intermolecular interaction energy potentials of the C(3)F(8) dimers using an all atom model OPLS-AA (OPLS all atom model) force field and a united atom model force field were compared with the ab initio calculations. Although the two force fields well reproduces the experimental vapor and liquid properties of perfluoroalkenes, the comparison shows that the united atom model underestimates the potential depth and orientation dependence of the interaction energy. The potentials obtained by the OPLS-AA force field are close to those obtained by the ab initio calculations.
Apical cell surface expression of rat dipeptidyl peptidase IV in transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (1991)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a type II membrane glycoprotein that is predominantly localized to the apical plasma membrane in various epithelial cells. In order to understand in more detail the biogenesis and sorting of DPPIV, the cDNA for rat DPPIV was inserted into a mammalian plasmid expression vector so that DPPIV expression was driven by a control region composed of the SV40 early promoter region fused to the enhancer of the Rous sarcoma virus. Madin-Darby canine kidney cells transfected with this construct were found to express the DPPIV protein. In these transfected cells, the majority of DPPIV was present on the apial cell surface. This observation suggests that the information for apical surface localization is inherent in the DPPIV molecule itself and that this sorting information is decipherable in the epithelial cells of a different species. DPPIV is transported efficiently from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus as assessed by pulse-chase experiments. Furthermore, evidence is presented which suggests that the majority of DPPIV is sorted intracellularly to the apical cell surface. The same protein has, however, been reported to be sorted by an indirect pathway through transcytosis from the basolateral to the apical cell surface in hepatocytes (Bartles, J.R., Feracci, H., M., Stinger, B., and Hubbard, A.L. (1987) J. Cell Biol. 105, 1241-1251). This study suggests that the same protein can take two different pathways in different cell types for its correct apical cell surface localization.
Het Lectoraat Groene Leefomgeving van Steden (2012)

In dit nummer van het Vakblad Groen staat het lectoraat Groene Leefomgeving van Steden centraal, een van de lectoraten die zijn ingesteld door Van Hall Larenstein (VHL). Met de instelling van lectoraten, van waaruit toegepast onderzoek wordt geinitieerd, wordt in Nederland geprobeerd het Hoger Beroeps Onderwijs een kwaliteitsimpuls te geven. Het lectoraat Groene Leefomgeving van Steden bestaat nu ruim vier jaar en is inmiddels verlengd met nog eens vier jaar. Tijd om een eerste balans op te maken in de brochure 'Out of the Box' waarin de ontwikkeling van het lectoraat wordt geschetst.
Vaccines that facilitate antigen entry into dendritic cells (2004)

Although vaccines have been highly successful in preventing and treating many infectious diseases (including smallpox, polio and diphtheria) diseases prevalent in the developing world such as malaria and HIV, that suppress the host immune system, require new, multiple strategies that will be defined by our growing understanding of specific immune activation. The definition of adjuvants, previously thought of as any substance that enhanced the immunogenicity of antigen, could now include soluble mediators and antigenic carriers that interact with surface molecules present on DC (e.g. LPS, Flt3L, heat shock protein) particulate antigens which are taken up by mechanisms available to APC but not other cell types (e.g. immunostimulatory complexes, latex, polystyrene particles) and viral/bacterial vectors that infect antigen presenting cells (e.g. vaccinia, lentivirus, adenovirus). These approaches, summarized herein, have shown potential in vaccinating against disease in animal models, and in some cases in humans. Of these, particle-antigen conjugates provide rapid formulation of the vaccine, easy storage and wide application, with both carrier and adjuvant functions that activate DC. Combined vaccines of the future could use adjuvants such as virus-like particles and particles targeted towards a predominant cellular type or immune response, with target cell activation enhanced by growth factors or maturation signals prior to, or during immunization. Collectively, these new additions to adjuvant technology provide opportunities for more specific immune regulation than previously available.
Blockade of tissue factor-factor X binding attenuates sepsis-induced respiratory and renal failure (2005)

Tissue factor expression in sepsis activates coagulation in the lung, which potentiates inflammation and leads to fibrin deposition. We hypothesized that blockade of factor X binding to the tissue factor-factor VIIa complex would prevent sepsis-induced damage to the lungs and other organs. Acute lung injury was produced in 15 adult baboons primed with killed Escherichia coli [1 x 10(9) colony-forming units (CFU)/kg], and then 12 h later, they were given 1 x 10(10) CFU/kg live E. coli by infusion. Two hours after live E. coli, animals received antibiotics with or without monoclonal antibody to tissue factor intravenously to block tissue factor-factor X binding. The animals were monitored physiologically for 34 h before being killed and their tissue harvested. The antibody treatment attenuated abnormalities in gas exchange and lung compliance, preserved renal function, and prevented tissue neutrophil influx and bowel edema relative to antibiotics alone (all P < 0.05). It also attenuated fibrinogen depletion (P < 0.01) and decreased proinflammatory cytokines, e.g., IL-6 and -8 (P < 0.01), in systemic and alveolar compartments. Similar protective effects of the antibody on IL-6 and -8 expression and permeability were found in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated endothelial cells. Blockade of factor X binding to the tissue factor-factor VIIa complex attenuates lung and organ injuries in established E. coli sepsis by attenuating the neutrophilic response and inflammatory pathways.
Extracting a domain-specific ontology from a corporate intranet (2000)

This paper describes our actual and ongoing work in supporting semi-automatic ontology acquisition from a corporate intranet of an insurance company. A comprehensive architecture and a system for semi-automatic ontology acquisition supports processing semi-structured information (e.g. contained in dictionaries) and natural language documents and including existing core ontologies (e.g. GermaNet, WordNet). We present a method for acquiring a application-tailored domain ontology from given heterogeneous intranet sources.
Comparison of Three Agents of Acute Infectious Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis by Cross-Challenge in Volunteers (1974)

Journal Article Comparison of Three Agents of Acute Infectious Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis by Cross-Challenge in Volunteers Get access Richard G. Wyatt, Richard G. Wyatt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Raphael Dolin, Raphael Dolin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Neil R. Blacklow, Neil R. Blacklow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Herbert L. DuPont, Herbert L. DuPont Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert F. Buscho, Robert F. Buscho Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas S. Thornhill, Thomas S. Thornhill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Albert Z. Kapikian, Albert Z. Kapikian Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert M. Chanock Robert M. Chanock Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 129, Issue 6, June 1974, Pages 709–714, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/129.6.709 Published: 01 June 1974 Article history Received: 01 November 1973 Published: 01 June 1974
Enzyme Activities Related to Fatty‐Acid Synthesis in Liver and Adipose Tissue of Rats Treated with Triiodothyronine (1972)

The effect of triiodothyronine treatment on fatty acid synthesis was investigated in liver and adipose tissue of fed and 48‐h fasted rats. In the liver, the thyrotoxic state was accompanied by an increased incorporation of [1‐ 14 C]acetyl‐CoA to fatty acids and a rise in the activity of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, both in the fed and fasted rats. The activity of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, NADP‐malate dehydro‐genase and ATP citrate lyase was also enhanced by triiodothyronine treatment. Liver malate and citrate content was not changed in fed thyrotoxic rats, but was increased in fasted triiodo‐thyronine‐treated animals. Palmitate oxidation was increased in the liver of the same animals, either fed or fasted. The rise in acetyl‐CoA carboxylase activity due to triiodothyronine administration was apparent when assayed both before and after citrate activation in vitro. Maximal activity of this enzyme in the presence of citrate was reached earlier in the liver of triiodothyronine‐treated rats. In adipose tissue, triiodothyronine treatment induced an increase in the activity of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase and in glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The activity of NADP‐malate dehydrogenase and ATP citrate lyase was slightly but insignificantly increased. Malate and citrate levels in adipose tissue were unchanged by triiodothyronine treatment. It is suggested that the triiodothyronine‐induced simultaneous stimulation of opposing pathways (the synthesis of fatty acids and their oxidation) creates a futile metabolic cycle which contributes to the general energy waste and thermogenesis characteristic of thyrotoxicosis.
Expression of TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion in prostate cancer cells is an important prognostic factor for cancer progression (2007)

The prostate-specific gene, TMPRSS2, is fused with the transcription factor gene, ERG in a high proportion of prostate cancers. However, the clinical significance of TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion among prostate cancer patients is unknown. We assayed for the presence of the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion product among 26 patients who underwent surgery for clinically localized prostate cancer using RT-PCR and direct DNA sequencing, and evaluated its prognostic significance. All 26 patients had cancers of the same histologic grade (Gleason score 7). The fusion protein was present within prostate cancer tumor cells in eleven patients (42.3%). Nine patients experienced biochemical disease relapse (elevated PSA) after a mean follow-up of 12 months (range 1 to 48 months). Patients with the fusion protein had a significantly higher rate of recurrence (5-year recurrence rate 79.5%) compared to patients who lacked the fusion protein (five-year recurrence rate 37.5%, p = 0.009). The adjusted hazard ratio for disease relapse for patients with the fusion protein was 7.1 (95% C.I.: 1.1-45, p = 0.03) compared to patients without the fusion protein. In multivariate analysis, the presence of gene fusion was the single most important prognostic factor. Our study indicates that the expression of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene among prostate cancer patients treated with surgery is a strong prognostic factor for disease relapse, and may have important clinical implications.
Molecular mechanisms linking wound inflammation and fibrosis: knockdown of osteopontin leads to rapid repair and reduced scarring (2008)

Previous studies of tissue repair have revealed osteopontin (OPN) to be up-regulated in association with the wound inflammatory response. We hypothesize that OPN may contribute to inflammation-associated fibrosis. In a series of in vitro and in vivo studies, we analyze the effects of blocking OPN expression at the wound, and determine which inflammatory cells, and which paracrine factors from these cells, may be responsible for triggering OPN expression in wound fibroblasts. Delivery of OPN antisense oligodeoxynucleotides into mouse skin wounds by release from Pluronic gel decreases OPN protein levels at the wound and results in accelerated healing and reduced granulation tissue formation and scarring. To identify which leukocytic lineages may be responsible for OPN expression, we cultured fibroblasts in macrophage-, neutrophil-, or mast cell-conditioned media (CM), and found that macrophage- and mast cell-secreted factors, specifically platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), induced fibroblast OPN expression. Correspondingly, Gleevec, which blocks PDGF receptor signaling, and PDGF-Rbeta-neutralizing antibodies, inhibited OPN induction by macrophage-CM. These studies indicate that inflammation-triggered expression of OPN both hinders the rate of repair and contributes to wound fibrosis. Thus, OPN and PDGF are potential targets for therapeutic modulation of skin repair to improve healing rate and quality.