gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface-based registration of CT images to physical space for image-guided surgery of the spine: a sensitivity study (1998)

This paper presents a method designed to register preoperative computed tomography (CT) images to vertebral surface points acquired intraoperatively from ultrasound (US) images or via a tracked probe. It also presents a comparison of the registration accuracy achievable with surface points acquired from the entire posterior surface of the vertebra to the accuracy achievable with points acquired only from the spinous process and central laminar regions. Using a marker-based method as a reference, this work shows that submillimetric registration accuracy can be obtained even when a small portion of the posterior vertebral surface is used for registration. It also shows that when selected surface patches are used, CT slice thickness is not a critical parameter in the registration process. Furthermore, the paper includes qualitative results of registering vertebral surface points in US images to multiple CT slices. The method has been tested with US points and physical points on a plastic spine phantom and with simulated data on a patient CT scan.
Mathematical Modeling of Chimeric TCR Triggering Predicts the Magnitude of Target Lysis and Its Impairment by TCR Downmodulation (2010)

We investigated relationships among chimeric TCR (cTCR) expression density, target Ag density, and cTCR triggering to predict lysis of target cells by cTCR(+) CD8(+) T human cells as a function of Ag density. Triggering of cTCR and canonical TCR by Ag could be quantified by the same mathematical equation, but cTCR represented a special case in which serial triggering was abrogated. The magnitude of target lysis could be predicted as a function of cTCR triggering, and the predicted minimum cTCR density required for maximal target lysis by CD20-specific cTCR was experimentally tested. cTCR density below approximately 20,000 cTCR/cell impaired target lysis, but increasing cTCR expression above this density did not improve target lysis or Ag sensitivity. cTCR downmodulation to densities below this critical minimum by interaction with Ag-expressing targets limited the sequential lysis of targets in a manner that could be predicted based on the number of cTCRs remaining. In contrast, acute inhibition of lysis of primary, intended targets (e.g., leukemic B cells) due to the presence of an excess of secondary targets (e.g., normal B cells) was dependent on the Ag density of the secondary target but occurred at Ag densities insufficient to promote significant cTCR downmodulation, suggesting a role for functional exhaustion rather than insufficient cTCR density. This suggests increasing cTCR density above a critical threshold may enhance sequential lysis of intended targets in isolation, but will not overcome the functional exhaustion of cTCR(+) T cells encountered in the presence of secondary targets with high Ag density.
Novel Porphyrinoids for Chemistry and Medicine by Biomimetic Syntheses (1995)

Abstract In 1926 Hans Fischer and Bruno Walach synthesized the first porphyrins. H. Fischer, B. Walach, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1926 , 450 , 164–181. Currently more than 1400 new articles concerning the synthesis and uses of porphyrins are published every year. CAS Online search for 1994 . However, the strong interest in these compounds indicated by this is in sharp contrast to their restricted availability. This is reflected in the current price of up to 500 DM for 5 mg of the most important porphyrins used in research and other applications (see Scheme 3). Biomimetic syntheses offer possibilities for an improved approach to porphyrins. By following the example set by nature it is also possible to obtain novel porphyrinoids which are different from naturally occurring porphyrins. This is exemplified by N,N ′‐bridged porphyrinogens, which have cage structures, inverted porphyrinoids (N atoms in the outer periphery) and, in particular, porphyrins with expanded systems. Among the family of expanded porphyrins are superarenes with up to 34 π electrons. Their pronounced aromaticity is indicated by 1 H NMR spectra, bond length equivalence, planar structures, and electrophilic substitution. With their strong absorption bands, the strongest of which have ϵ values of &gt; 1000000, a value which exceeds the absorption intensity of all other organic pigments observed until now, and their ability to act as efficient photosensitizers, the expanded porphyrins open interesting perspectives in the fields of photochemistry and photomedicine.
Cell motility through plasma membrane blebbing (2008)

Plasma membrane blebs are dynamic cytoskeleton-regulated cell protrusions that have been implicated in apoptosis, cytokinesis, and cell movement. Influencing Rho-guanosine triphosphatase activities and subsequent actomyosin dynamics appears to constitute a core component for bleb formation. In this paper, we discuss recent evidence in support of a central role of nonapoptotic membrane blebbing for cell migration and cancer cell invasion as well as advances in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Based on these studies, we propose that in a physiological context, bleb-associated cell motility reflects a cell's response to reduced substratum adhesion. The importance of blebbing as a functional protrusion is underscored by the existence of multiple molecular mechanisms that govern actin-mediated bleb retraction.
A BPSK/QPSK Timing-Error Detector for Sampled Receivers (1986)

A simple algorithm for detection of timing error of a synchronous, band-limited, BPSK or QPSK data stream is proposed. The algorithm requires only two samples per symbol for its operation. One of the two samples is also used for the symbol decision. Derivation of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</tex> curve reveals a sinusoidal shape.
Treatment of established chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with anti-L3T4 antibodies. (1986)

CR-EAE is an autoimmune T cell-mediated disease that can be induced in mice either by the injection of MSCH and CFA or by passive transfer of MBP-sensitized T cells. To evaluate the clinical relevance of anti-L3T4 antibodies in this relapsing, remitting disease, we studied the therapeutic benefits of such treatment on CR-EAE in animals when treatment was begun after the onset of initial paralytic signs. Animals treated biweekly with anti-L3T4 antibody had fewer relapses than control animals, and the histopathology of the brain and spinal cord showed fewer and less extensive lesions. Serial analysis of lymph node cell populations and antibody levels showed that animals treated with anti-L3T4 antibody had a depletion of the helper/inducer T cell population and did not develop a humoral response to the administered rat antibody. This study raises the possibility of treatment with antibodies against T cell subsets in established disease wherein this subset is known to play a crucial role.
Path Loss Measurements at 3.5 GHz: A Trial Test WiMAX Based in Rural Environment (2007)

This paper addresses the dimensioning of the emerging wireless broadband networks operating in 3.5 GHz band by focusing on the key problem of propagation loss. The characteristics of the path loss in the 3.5 GHz band measured in a rural macro-cellular environment are presented. The existing empirical prediction models are compared with the measured data and a comparative analysis is carried out. The measurements are performed within the experimental activities developed on a WiMAX based platform located in an Italian rural area.
Increased Apoptosis in Cystinotic Fibroblasts and Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells Results from Cysteinylation of Protein Kinase Cδ (2006)

Cystinosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by defective lysosomal cystine transport and increased lysosomal cystine. How lysosomal cystine causes the lethal nephropathic phenotype is unknown. It was shown recently that cultured fibroblasts and renal proximal tubule epithelial cells whose lysosomes are cystine-loaded display a two-fold or greater increase in apoptosis after both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. The mechanism for the increased apoptosis is unknown. Protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) is a proapoptotic protein kinase that has been shown in vitro to be activated via cysteinylation. This report now shows that PKCdelta forms disulfide bonds specifically with cystine that is released from lysosomes in cultured fibroblasts and renal proximal tubule epithelial cells during apoptosis. PKCdelta in cystinotic fibroblasts and renal proximal tubule epithelial cells have a four- to six-fold greater association with its substrate, lamin B, and a 2.5-fold increase in specific activity after TNF-alpha exposure. Both RNA inhibition and chemical inhibition of PKCdelta resulted in a significant decrease in apoptosis in cystinotic cells but not in normal cells. It is proposed that abnormally increased apoptosis plays a role in evolution of the cystinotic phenotype.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2004)

Division of Cellular Therapy/BMT, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA Correspondence to Nelson J. Chao, MD, MBA, Professor of Medicine and Immunology, Chief, Division of Cellular Therapy/BMT, Duke University, 2400 Pratt St., Suite 1100, Box 3961, Durham, NC 27710, USA Tel: 919 668 1010; fax: 919 668 1091; e-mail: [email protected]
Gene Transfer to Neurons Using Herpes Simplex Virus-Based Vectors (1996)

Gene Transfer to Neurons Using Herpes Simplex Virus-Based Vectors, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/neuro/19/1/annurev.ne.19.030196.001405-1.gif
Competition between DsbA-Mediated Oxidation and Conformational Folding of RTEM1 β-Lactamase (1996)

Similar to other proteins of the periplasm of Escherichia coli, TEM 1 beta-lactamase contains only a single disulfide bond. It can fold to its native conformation in both the presence and the absence of this disulfide bond. The GdmC1-dependent equilibrium unfolding of beta-lactamase in vitro is well described by a N reversible I reversible U three-state model in which the native protein (N) first reacts to an intermediate of the molten globule type (I) and then to the unfolded state (U). We find that the disulfide bond of beta-lactamase stabilizes I relative to U, but does not change the stability of N relative to I. The I reversible U transition is an extremely rapid reaction for both reduced and oxidized beta-lactamase, but the N reversible I folding kinetics are slow and identical in the presence and the absence of the disulfide bond. This insensitivity of the N reversible I equilibrium and kinetics suggests that the region around the disulfide bond is already native-like folded and is presumably buried in the intermediate I, prior to the slow and rate-limiting events of folding. This was confirmed by measuring the stability of the disulfide bond, which, to a first approximation, is identical in N and I. In native, reduced beta-lactamase, the thiol groups are inaccessible for oxidation by DsbA, but at the stage of the molten globule intermediate I oxidation is still possible, because I is in fast exchange with the unfolded protein U. The introduction of the disulfide bond into beta-lactamase by DsbA competes with conformational folding at the stage of the final slow steps in the folding of the reduced protein. The major problem in the oxidation of proteins with one or two disulfide bonds (such as beta-lactamase) is not the formation of incorrect disulfide bonds, but the premature burial of the thiol groups by the rapid conformational folding of the reduced protein. DsbA, the major thiol/ disulfide isomerase of the bacterial periplasm, meets this problem. It is a very strong oxidant, and its reaction with cysteine residues in unfolded proteins is extremely fast.
An exploratory study of the addition reactions of ethyleneglycol, 2‐chloroethanol and 1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propanol to 1‐dodecene (1967)

Abstract sec‐Dodecyl ethers of ethyleneglycol, 2‐chloroethanol, and 1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propanol have been prepared by reacting 1‐dodecene with the corresponding substituted alcohol in the presence of BF 3 as a catalyst. The addition of ethyleneglycol to 1‐dodecene proceeds best in the presence of a reaction solvent (e.g., nitromethane), which suppresses side reactions. The resulting ethers consist almost exclusively of the mono‐sec‐dodecyl derivatives. The maximum yield was about 50 mol% on dodecene intake and 75%m on converted ethyleneglycol. The addition of 2‐chloroethanol and 1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propanol to dodecene can easily be conducted without a reaction solvent; yields are 77 and 67 mol% respectively on 1‐dodecene intake. A reaction scheme for the addition of ethyleneglycol to 1‐dodecene is proposed.
Grafting Crown Ether Alkali Host−Guest Complexes at Surfaces by Electrospray Ion Beam Deposition (2010)

The functionalization of surfaces with host−guest compounds is promising for many applications, yet often limited by constraints such as the volatility of the functional compound or the lack of binding to the surface. We use electrospray ion beam deposition (ES-IBD) on surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum as a novel approach to modify an atomically defined copper surface with preformed dibenzo-24-crown-8-alkali complexes, in which the central ion (H+, Na+, or Cs+) can be exchanged in the electrospray solution. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy maps the single alkali ion complexes as an oval protrusion with a four-lobe submolecular structure immobilized at the surface. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the crown ether is bound to the surface via the central alkali ion within its cavity, indicating that the properties of the molecular complex are retained after deposition.
Accurate base composition of double-strand DNA by mass spectrometry (1996)

An accurate molecular weight (M r) assignment for a double-strand (ds) DNA determines or greatly restricts the possible number of each of its four bases, while the compositions for its two single-strand (ss) components can also be derived from their M r values. For a ds 64-mer (39 kDa), the ss-M r values (±0.5 Da) of its high-resolution mass spectrum from an electrospray ionization/Fourier transform instrument yield only the correct ds- and ss-base compositions. Literature mass spectra of lower mass accuracy show that such data can also restrict their possible composition assignments, with further discrimination using the abundance vs. base composition of small fragment ions from the dissociation of the ss molecular ions.
Phase II Study of Recombinant Interferon Alpha-2A and Vinblastine in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (1989)

A total of 66 patients with advanced renal cell cancer received a combination of recombinant interferon alpha-2a (18 times 10(6) units subcutaneously 3 times weekly) and vinblastine (0.1 mg. per kg. intravenously every 3 weeks). Four patients were ineligible and 6 were inevaluable for response but evaluable for toxicity. There were no complete and 9 partial responses among the 56 evaluable patients, for a response rate of 16 per cent. Median duration of response was 26 weeks, with a range of 8 to 50 weeks. Responses were observed predominantly in patients with lung and soft tissue metastases. Patients who had undergone nephrectomy did not show a better response rate than those who had not. Almost all patients had a flu-like syndrome, fatigue and anorexia. Other side effects included leukopenia, nausea, vomiting, liver function disturbances and neurotoxicity. Most of the side effects were World Health Organization grade 1 or 2; no grade 4 toxicity was observed. Antibodies against interferon developed in 6 patients during the course of treatment. However, there was no relationship between the appearance of antibodies and disease progression. The combination of recombinant interferon alpha-2a and vinblastine has modest but definite activity in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma, although the role of vinblastine is unclear.
Nonselective cation channels : pharmacology, physiology, and biophysics (1993)

Nonselective Cation Channels.- Nonselective Cation Channels: Physiological and Pharmacological Modulations of Channel Activity.- Receptor-Activated Nonselective Cation Channels.- Structure, Diversity, and Ionic Permeability of Neuronal and Muscle Acetylcholine Receptors.- AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors - Nonselective Cationic Channels Mediating Fast Excitatory Transmission in the CNS.- Mechanically Sensitive Cation Channels.- Mechanically Sensitive, Nonselective Cation Channels.- Stretch-Activated Nonselective Cation Channels in Urinary Bladder Myocytes: Importance for Pacemaker Potentials and Myogenic Response.- Mechanosensitive Nonselective Cation Channels in the Antiluminal Membrane of Cerebral Capillaries (Blood-Brain Barrier).- Gap Junction Channels.- The Gap Junction Channel.- Cyclic Nucleotide-Activated Nonselective Cation Channels.- Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Nonselective Cation Channels: A Multifunctional Gene Family.- Cyclic AMP-Gated Cation Channels of Olfactory Receptor Neurons.- Renal Epithelial Cells Show Nonselective Cation Channel Activity and Express a Gene Related to the cGMP-Gated Photoreceptor Channel.- Ciliary Cation Conductances in Olfactory Receptor Cells of the Clawed Toad Xenopus laevis.- Nonselective Cation Channels Activated by Intracellular Calcium.- Control of Cell Function by Neuronal Calcium-Activated Nonselective (CAN) Cation Channels.- Nonselective Cation Channels in Exocrine Gland Cells.- Nonselective Cation Channels in Brown and White Fat Cells.- Inhibitors of Nonselective Cation Channels in Cells of the Blood-Brain Barrier.- Nonselective Cation Channels in Cells of the Crypt-Base of Rat Distal Colon.- Nonselective Cation Channels as Regulatory Components of Cells from Various Tissues.- Poorly Selective Cation Channels in Apical Membranes of Epithelia.- Nonselective Cation Channels in Cardiac and Smooth Muscle Cells.- Physiology of Muscarinic Receptor-Operated Nonselective Cation Channels in Guinea-Pig Ileal Smooth Muscle.- Nonselective Ion Pathways in Human Endothelial Cells.- Properties and Regulation of Human Platelet Cation Channels.- The Role of a PDGF-Activated Nonselective Cation Channel in the Proliferative Response.- Cation Channels in Oocytes and Early States of Development: A Novel Type of Nonselective Cation Channel Activated by Adrenaline in a Clonal Mesoderm-Like Cell Line (MES-1).- Slowly-Activating Cation Channels in the Vacuolar Membrane of Plants.
Photoluminescence properties of Er3+-doped BaTiO3 thin films (1994)

Er3+-doped BaTiO3 thin films were grown on Si (100) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Strong characteristic Er3+ intra-4f shell emission at 0.80 eV is observed at 16 and 295 K. The Er3+ luminescence intensity is linearly dependent on the pump power. Photoluminescence lifetimes were found to be on the order of 8 ms. These results indicate that Er-doped BaTiO3 has potential as an optically active, nonlinear waveguide medium.
Phenotypic Characterization of Pore Mutants of theVibrio choleraePorin OmpU (2007)

General-diffusion porins form large beta-barrel channels that control the permeability of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria to nutrients, some antibiotics, and external signals. Here, we have analyzed the effects of mutations in the OmpU porin of Vibrio cholerae at conserved residues that are known to affect pore properties in the Escherichia coli porins OmpF and OmpC. Various phenotypes were investigated, including sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics, growth on large sugars, and sensitivity to and biofilm induction by sodium deoxycholate, a major bile component that acts as an external signal for multiple cellular responses of this intestinal pathogen. Overall, our results indicate that specific residues play different roles in controlling the passage of various compounds. Mutations of barrel wall arginine residues that protrude in the pore affect pore size and growth in the presence of large sugars or sodium deoxycholate. Sensitivity to large cephalosporins is mostly affected by D116, located on the L3 loop, whose homolog in E. coli, OmpF, is a known binding determinant for these drugs. L3 loop residues also affect biofilm induction. The results are interpreted in terms of a homology model based on the structures of E. coli porins.
Cell-based assays for identifying, validating and optimizing protein–protein interaction modulators (2013)

There are several in vitro methods for the identification and validation of inhibitors of protein–protein interactions. Such approaches typically assess the binding of a library of molecules to one of the proteins in the targeted interaction. The strength of this approach is that binding data and evidence for direct binding of the inhibitor molecule to the target protein is readily obtained. Yet this approach also has several weaknesses, including the necessity to produce and purify recombinant proteins. An additional drawback is that with intracellular proteins, binding is being assessed in an environment that bears little or no resemblance to that experienced by the protein in the cell. In addition, direct binding of a molecule to a protein in vitro does not necessarily translate to cell-based activity.
Air-Stable Pd(R-allyl)LCl (L= Q-Phos, P(t-Bu)3, etc.) Systems for C–C/N Couplings: Insight into the Structure–Activity Relationship and Catalyst Activation Pathway (2011)

A series of Pd(R-allyl)LCl complexes [R = H, 1-Me, 1-Ph, 1-gem-Me(2), 2-Me; L = Q-Phos, P(t-Bu)(3), P(t-Bu)(2)(p-NMe(2)C(6)H(4)), P(t-Bu)(2)Np] have been synthesized and evaluated in the Buchwald-Hartwig aminations in detail, in addition to the preliminary studies on Suzuki coupling and α-arylation reactions. Pd(crotyl)Q-PhosCl (9) was found to be a superior catalyst to the other Q-Phos-based catalysts, and the reported in situ systems, in model coupling reactions involving 4-bromoanisole substrate with either N-methylaniline or 4-tert-butylbenzeneboronic acid. Precatalyst 9 also performed better than the catalysts bearing P(t-Bu)(2)(p-NMe(2)C(6)H(4)) ligand; however, it is comparable to the new crotyl catalysts bearing P(t-Bu)(3) or P(t-Bu)(2)Np ligands. In α-arylation of a biologically important model substrate, 1-tetralone, Pd(allyl)P(t-Bu)(2)(p-NMe(2)C(6)H(4))Cl (15) was found to be the best catalyst. The reason for the relatively higher activity of the crotyl complexes in comparison to the allyl derivatives in C-N bond formation reactions was investigated using X-ray crystallography in conjunction with NMR spectroscopic studies.
Deep Venous Thrombosis of the Upper Extremity Five Years Experience at a University Hospital (1984)

All patients with deep vein thrombosis of the arm seen at one University Hospital over a 5 year period were reviewed. The 17 cases could be divided into distinct patient groups. The first group (primary thrombosis) consisted of 7 patients primarily healthy young males (mean age 23) who had vocations or avocations which involved vigorous physical activity of the arms. The 10 patients with secondary thrombosis tended to be older (mean age 47.3) and to be ill or hospitalized at the time of onset of their illness. Followup information could be obtained in 9 of the cases and 7 of these patients had persistence in their symptoms consisting of residual discomfort and edema of the involved arm especially after exercise. None of the patients treated with anticoagulation were asymptomatic. The only patients who were symptomatic were one patient who received streptokinase and another who underwent thrombectomy. Three illustrative case studies are included.