gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A custom-chip-based functional electrical stimulation system (1994)

The Functional Electrical Stimulation System consists of a host computer and up to 32 chips connected serially. Up to 256 different monophasic constant voltage (0 V-2.5 V), variable frequency (0 Hz-100 Hz in 2 Hz steps; 100 Hz-1700 Hz in 100 Hz steps), and adjustable duration (50 microseconds-200 ms in 50 microseconds steps) pulse trains can be continuously generated.
Phase Velocity Compensation in Parallel-Coupled Microstrip (2005)

Techniques for compensating the unequal even- and odd-mode phase velocities encountered in parallel-coupled micro-strip are discussed. New results on the use of lumped and semi-lumped capacitors are presented, A newer geometry, a cross between suspended-substrate stripline and microstrip, can be used to manufacture quadrature couplers with improved, broadband directivity performance.
Calculating the Singular Values and Pseudo-Inverse of a Matrix (1965)

A numerically stable and fairly fast scheme is described to compute the unitary matrices U and V which transform a given matrix A into a diagonal form $\Sigma = U^ * AV$, thus exhibiting A’s singular values on $\Sigma $’s diagonal. The scheme first transforms A to a bidiagonal matrix J, then diagonalizes J. The scheme described here is complicated but does not suffer from the computational difficulties which occasionally afflict some previously known methods. Some applications are mentioned, in particular the use of the pseudo-inverse $A^I = V\Sigma ^I U^* $ to solve least squares problems in a way which dampens spurious oscillation and cancellation.
Biochemical and immunological analysis of rapidly purified 10-nm filaments from baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. (1978)

Juxtanuclear birefringent caps (FC) containing 10-nm filaments form during the early stages of baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cell spreading. FC are isolated from spreading cells after replating by treatment with 0.6 M KCl, 1% Triton X-100 (Rohm & Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa.) and DNase I in phosphate-buffered saline. Purified FC are birefringent and retain the pattern of distribution of 10-nm filaments that is seen in situ. Up to 90% of the FC protein is resolved as two polypeptides of approximately 54,000 and 55,000 molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gels. The protein is immunologically and biochemically distinct from tubulin as determined by indirect immunofluorescence, double immunodiffusion, one-dimensional peptide mapping by limited proteolysis in SDS gels, and amino acid analysis. The BHK-21 FC amino acid composition, however, is very similar to that obtained for 10-nm filament protein derived from other sources including brain and smooth muscle. Partial disassembly of 10-nm filaments has been achieved by treatment of FC with 6 mM sodium-potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. The solubilized components assemble into distinct 10-nm filaments upon the addition of 0.171 M sodium chloride.
Prevalence of Clostridium difficile colonization among healthcare workers (2013)

Although HCWs are at risk of asymptomatic carriage and could act as a reservoir for transmission in the hospital environment, with the use of a screening test and culture we were unable to identify C. difficile in the stool of our participants in a non-outbreak setting. This may reflect potential colonization resistance of the gut microbiota, or the success of infection prevention strategies at our institution.
Development of a novel glucose polymer solution (icodextrin) for adhesion prevention: pre-clinical studies (2000)

Intra-abdominal adhesion formation causes significant post-operative morbidity. Controlled studies using animal models have been carried out to assess the tolerability and preventive efficacy of icodextrin solution (a biodegradable, biocompatible, glucose polymer). Reduction of adhesion formation was first evaluated in a rabbit double uterine horn model, applying 10-75 ml of 7.5 and 20%, or 50 ml of 2.5-20% icodextrin solution post-operatively. Significant increases in adhesion free sites (P < 0.005) were observed with volumes > or =25 ml, and at concentrations > or =4%. Efficacy of 50 ml 4 and 20% icodextrin was then evaluated both during and after surgery, demonstrating significant reductions in adhesion formation (P < 0. 002). In one study, intra- plus post-operative use of 4% icodextrin produced the greatest reduction of non-surgical site adhesions; in others, the post-operative effect was predominant. Post-surgical administration of 50 ml 4% icodextrin in a rabbit sidewall model also resulted in more adhesion-free animals, and a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in areas of adhesion formation and reformation. In a rat infection potentiation model, 4% icodextrin produced no difference in mortality, abscess formation or overall abscess score. These data suggest that 4% icodextrin offers a well-tolerated and effective means of reducing post-surgical adhesion formation.
Silicon-on-Nothing (SON)-an innovative process for advanced CMOS (2000)

A novel CMOS device architecture called silicon on nothing (SON) is proposed, which allows extremely thin (in the order of a few nanometers) buried dielectrics and silicon films to be fabricated with high resolution and uniformity guaranteed by epitaxial process. The SON process' allows the buried dielectric (which may be an oxide but also an-air gap) to be fabricated locally in dedicated parts of the chip, which may present advantages in terms of cost and facility of system-on-chip integration. The SON stack itself is physically confined to the under-gate-plus-spacer area of a device, thus enabling extremely shallow and highly doped extensions, while leaving the HDD (highly doped drain) junctions comfortably deep. Therefore, SON embodies the ideal device architecture taking the best elements from both bulk and SOI and getting rid of their drawbacks. According to simulation results, SON enable ables excellent Ion/Ioff trade-off, suppressed self-heating, low S/D series resistance, close to ideal subthreshold slope, and high immunity to SCE and DIBL down to ultimate device dimensions of 30 to 50 nm.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in a rat model of pulmonary granulomatosis. (1992)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), also known as monocyte chemotactic and activating factor, possesses potent chemotactic activity for monocytes and can augment monocyte tumoristatic activity against some tumor cell lines. While these activities suggest a role in inflammatory and immunologic processes, the biologic role of MCP1 has not been studied in vivo. Glucan-induced pulmonary granulomatosis in the rat is an ideal model in which to study the role of MCP1 because the granulomas are monocyte/macrophage rich. Intravenous infusion of particulate yeast cell wall glucan resulted in the synchronous development of angiocentric pulmonary granulomas. Early lesions (6 hours) were characterized by intravascular glucan aggregates surrounded by neutrophils and foci of alveolar hemorrhage while later appearing granulomatous lesions (48 to 96 hours) were dominated by monocytes and macrophages. Granuloma formation was paralleled by a peripheral blood monocytosis. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid revealed an early, transient rise in tumor necrosis factor activity followed by a marked rise in monocyte-specific chemotactic activity. The rise in BAL fluid monocyte chemotactic activity, which coincided with the development of the monocyte/macrophage-rich granulomas, was preceded by a marked increase in whole lung MCP1 mRNA expression. BAL fluid monocyte chemotactic activity could be nearly completely neutralized with antibody directed against rat MCP1. These studies demonstrate that MCP1 mRNA expression is upregulated in glucan-induced pulmonary granulomatosis and that MCP1 is present in BAL fluid. Intrapulmonary granulomatosis may be important in the pathogenesis of granuloma formation.
Overlaying ultrasonographic images on direct vision. (2001)

The objective of this technical advance is to permit in situ visualization of ultrasonographic images so that direct hand-eye coordination can be used during invasive procedures. A method is presented that merges the visual outer surface of a patient with a simultaneous ultrasonographic scan of the patient's interior. The method combines a flat-panel monitor with a half-silvered mirror such that the image on the monitor is reflected precisely at the proper location within the patient. The ultrasonographic image is superimposed in real time on the patient, merging with the operator's hands and any invasive tools in the field of view. Instead of looking away from the patient at an ultrasonographic monitor, the operator sees through skin and underlying tissue as if it were translucent. Two working prototypes have been constructed, demonstrating independence of viewer location and requiring no special apparatus to be worn by the operator. This method could enable needles and scalpels to be manipulated with direct hand-eye coordination under ultrasonographic guidance. Invasive tools would be visible up to where they enter the skin, permitting natural visual extrapolation into the ultrasonographic slice. Biopsy needles would no longer be restricted to lie in the plane of the ultrasonographic scan but could instead intersect it. These advances could lead to increased safety, ease, and reliability in certain invasive procedures.
Characterization of Streptococcus suis Genes Encoding Proteins Homologous to Sortase of Gram-Positive Bacteria (2002)

Many surface proteins which are covalently linked to the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria have a consensus C-terminal motif, Leu-Pro-X-Thr-Gly (LPXTG). This sequence is cleaved, and the processed protein is attached to an amino group of a cross-bridge in the peptidoglycan by a specific enzyme called sortase. Using the type strain of Streptococcus suis, NCTC 10234, we found five genes encoding proteins that were homologous to sortases of other bacteria and determined the nucleotide sequences of the genetic regions. One gene, designated srtA, was linked to gyrA, as were the sortase and sortase-like genes of other streptococci. Three genes, designated srtB, srtC, and srtD, were tandemly clustered in a different location, where there were three segments of directly repeated sequences of approximately 110 bp in close vicinity. The remaining gene, designated srtE, was located separately on the chromosome with a pseudogene which may encode a transposase. The deduced amino acid sequences of the five Srt proteins showed 18 to 31% identity with the sortases of Streptococcus gordonii and Staphylococcus aureus, except that SrtA of S. suis had 65% identity with that of S. gordonii. Isogenic mutants deficient for srtA, srtBCD, or srtE were generated by allelic exchanges. The protein fraction which was released from partially purified cell walls by digestion with N-acetylmuramidase was profiled by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. More than 15 of the protein spots were missing in the profile of the srtA mutant compared with that of the parent strain, and this phenotype was completely complemented by srtA cloned from S. suis. Four genes encoding proteins corresponding to such spots were identified and sequenced. The deduced translational products of the four genes possessed the LPXTG motif in their C-terminal regions. On the other hand, the protein spots that were missing in the srtA mutant appeared in the profiles of the srtBCD and srtE mutants. These results provide evidence that the cell wall sorting system involving srtA is also present in S. suis.
The provincial capital commission in Victoria, British Columbia: the capital greenways programme (1997)

The purpose of this paper is to outline the history and role of an arms-length pan governmental agency, the Provincial Capital Commission for Victoria, the capital city of British Columbia on the west coast of Canada. This will focus on the Commission's recent work in the development of environmental and leisure amenities which conserve and enhance the special scenic ambiance of Victoria. Numerous initiatives including the Capital Ways and Capital Greenways programmes are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: CANNABINOIDS. 3. SYNTHETIC APPROACHES TO 9‐KETOCANNABINOIDS. TOTAL SYNTHESIS IS OF NABILONE (1977)

Abstract Aufgrund des klinischen Interesses von Nabilon (VIa) werden verschiedene Synthesen zur Herstellung dieser Verbindung beschrieben, die an bekannte Verfahren anschließen.
Functions of the Proteasome: the Lysis at the End of the Tunnel (1995)

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An Efficient High Yielding Approach for the Homocoupling of Aryl Boronic Acids (2002)

A concise, mild, and high yielding method yielding C2-symmetric biaryls is described. The addition of Cu(II) nitrate enhances the rate and the yield of the desired biaryl products. The conditions employed have yielded a number of substituted symmetric biaryls including 1,1′ and 2,2′ BINAP and are useful for the producing symmetric biaryls from their corresponding aryl boronic acids.
Clinical evaluation of a medical image management system for chest images (1988)

The clinical efficacy and physicians' assessment of a medical image management system (MIMS) for chest images that involved the medical intensive care unit (MICU) and the radiology department were evaluated. A token-passing fiber-optic network was implemented to connect display stations in the MICU and in the chest reading area in the radiology department with a laser film digitizer and an archiving system. To study the clinical efficacy of this system, blocks of 8 weeks during which portable chest images were digitized and immediately made available in the MICU were alternated with blocks of 8 weeks during which film images only were available. Approximately 3000 portable chest examinations were tracked; patients were entered into the study at a rate of 65 per month. Data on time intervals associated with the examination process were collected from MICU physicians, radiologists, radiographers, and film librarians. The time from the completion of an examination to the time an action was taken that was based on radiographic findings showed significant reductions during the digital periods for certain actions. For example, the time to begin drug therapy decreased from a mean of 4.7 hr when films were viewed to a mean of 3.3 hr when digital images were viewed. In conclusion, if prompt action by the MICU physician improves a patient's outcome, a positive effect on patient care will result from the immediate availability of radiographic images.
Neurosteroid Quantification in Human Brain Regions: Comparison between Alzheimer’s and Nondemented Patients (2002)

Some neurosteroids have been shown to display beneficial effects on neuroprotection in rodents. To investigate the physiopathological significance of neurosteroids in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we compared the concentrations of pregnenolone, pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS), dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), progesterone, and allopregnanolone, measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, in individual brain regions of AD patients and aged nondemented controls, including hippocampus, amygdala, frontal cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. A general trend toward decreased levels of all steroids was observed in all AD patients' brain regions compared with controls: PREGS and DHEAS were significantly lower in the striatum and cerebellum, and DHEAS was also significantly reduced in the hypothalamus. A significant negative correlation was found between the levels of cortical beta-amyloid peptides and those of PREGS in the striatum and cerebellum and between the levels of phosphorylated tau proteins and DHEAS in the hypothalamus. This study provides reference values for steroid concentrations determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in various regions of the aged human brain. High levels of key proteins implicated in the formation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were correlated with decreased brain levels of PREGS and DHEAS, suggesting a possible neuroprotective role of these neurosteroids in AD.
A Comparison of Four Methods for Distinguishing Doppler Signals From Gaseous and Particulate Emboli (1998)

SVL is the best parameter for differentiating between gaseous and particulate emboli but needs to be calculated with the use of a high-temporal-resolution spectral analyzer to measure embolic duration and velocity.
Electrocatalytic O2 Reduction at Glassy Carbon Electrodes Modified with Dendrimer-Encapsulated Pt Nanoparticles (2005)

Platinum dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs) were prepared within fourth-generation, hydroxyl-terminated, poly(amidoamine) dendrimers and immobilized on glassy carbon electrodes using an electrochemical coupling strategy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and electrochemical experiments confirmed that the Pt DENs were about 1.4 nm in diameter and that they remained within the dendrimer following surface immobilization. The resulting Pt DEN films were electrocatalytically active for the oxygen reduction reaction. The films were also robust, surviving up to 50 consecutive cyclic voltammograms and sonication.
Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Interact Additively in the Induction of the Protooncogenec-mycand Cellular Proliferation in Cultured Bovine Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (1989)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth is under the influence of various growth factors. We demonstrate that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates DNA synthesis of cultured bovine aortic SMCs by 2.5- to 3.5-fold. PDGF also exhibits additivity with insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) for DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation. Insulin (2 x 10(-6) M), IGF-I (1 x 10(-8) M), and PDGF (1 x 10(-9) M) cause a 60-80% increase in cell numbers over basal, but PDGF with insulin or IGF causes a 40-150% increase over basal. No additivity between insulin and IGF-I is evident. PDGF also induces commitment to DNA synthesis earlier than insulin or IGF-I. After exposure to PDGF for 4 h, SMCs incorporate 3H-thymidine to 60% of maximum (with PDGF alone) levels (achieved after exposure of 12 h or longer). Insulin and IGF-I exposure for 4 h, on the other hand, achieves 3H-thymidine incorporation that is only a 20-30% of maximum (with insulin or IGF-I alone). Insulin, IGF-I, and PDGF increase mRNA levels of the protooncogene c-myc. This induction begins within 30 min of exposure to these growth factors which causes a 4- to 6-fold increase in c-myc mRNA levels. Additivity is also observed between PDGF with insulin or IGF-I, but not between insulin or IGF-I, in c-myc induction. C-myc mRNA levels remain elevated as long as the hormones are present, although there's a tendency for the mRNA levels to fall off with insulin and IGF-I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ESPript: analysis of multiple sequence alignments in PostScript. (1999)

ESPript can be accessed on its Web site at http://www.ipbs.fr/ESPript. Sources and helpfiles can be downloaded via anonymous ftp from ftp.ipbs.fr. A tar file is held in the directory pub/ESPript.
Probing of tertiary interactions in RNA: 2'-hydroxyl-base contacts between the RNase P RNA and pre-tRNA. (1995)

A general method has been developed to analyze all 2' hydroxyl groups involved in tertiary interactions in RNA in a single experiment. This method involves comparing the activity of populations of circularly permuted RNAs that contain or lack potential hydrogen-bond donors at each position. The 2' hydroxyls of the pre-tRNA substrate identified as potential hydrogen bond donors in intermolecular interactions with the ribozyme from eubacterial RNase P (P RNA) are located in the T stem and T loop, acceptor stem, and 3' CCA regions. To locate the hydrogen-bond acceptors for one of those 2' hydroxyls in the P RNA, a phylogenetically conserved adenosine was mutated to a guanosine. When this mutant P RNA was used, increased cleavage activity of a single circularly permuted substrate within the population was observed. The cleavage efficiency (kcat/Km) of a singly 2'-deoxy-substituted substrate at this position in the T stem was also determined. For the wild-type P RNA, the catalytic efficiency was significantly decreased compared with that of the all-ribo substrate, consistent with the notion that this 2' hydroxyl plays an important role. For the P RNA mutant, no additional effect was found upon 2'-deoxy substitution. We propose that this particular 2' hydroxyl in the pre-tRNA interacts specifically with this adenosine in the P RNA. This method should be useful in examining the role of 2' hydroxyl groups in other RNA-RNA and RNA-protein complexes.
Near optimum universal belief propagation based decoding of low-density parity check codes (2002)

In this paper, we propose a belief-propagation (BP)-based decoding algorithm which utilizes normalization to improve the accuracy of the soft values delivered by a previously proposed simplified BP-based algorithm. The normalization factors can be obtained not only by simulation, but also, importantly, theoretically. This new BP-based algorithm is much simpler to implement than BP decoding as it requires only additions of the normalized received values and is universal, i.e., the decoding is independent of the channel characteristics. Some simulation results are given, which show this new decoding approach can achieve an error performance very close to that of BP on the additive white Gaussian noise channel, especially for low-density parity check (LDPC) codes whose check sums have large weights. The principle of normalization can also be used to improve the performance of the max-log-MAP algorithm in turbo decoding, and some coding gain can be achieved if the code length is long enough.
SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE IMMUNOGENS AS VACCINES (1983)

Synthetic peptide immunogens have been shown to elicit antibodies that can react with full-length proteins containing that peptide. Such antibodies are directed against a specific region of the protein chosen in advance by the investigator and so have a predetermined specificity. In basic research, these antibodies are useful in identifying the protein product of an open reading frame, localizing the gene product to particular cells or subcellular organelles, identifying the enzymatic function of a protein product, following the fate of particular regions of a product through protein maturation processes, analyzing the expression of exons following DNA rearrangements and RNA splicing, and purifying the protein by immunoaffinity chromatography techniques. In medicine, such antibodies may provide reagents for passive vaccination, antitoxin therapy, and targeted immunotherapy of neoplasia. The peptides themselves may be used as synthetic vaccines. The immediate future of the synthetic peptide immunogen in medicine is clear--the promise demonstrated in the laboratory must be reduced to safe application in the hospital. Two barriers to this are the selection of precisely the best peptide and the selection of the proper adjuvant. Currently, a brute force approach is utilized to find the best peptide for eliciting the desired antibodies. This is clearly a problem when the pathogenic organism is assayable only in man. Possibly, by combining studies on the antigenicity of the pathogenic organism with an analysis of naturally occurring variants that alter its immunogenicity, peptide selection will be made easier. Also, since the adjuvants and carriers used in the laboratory are in general too harsh for widespread use in humans and animals, much work needs to be done to find suitable adjuvants and carriers. Nonetheless, now that the major conceptual hurdle to synthetic peptide vaccines has been cleared (that is, it is not necessary to reproduce conformation exactly), it should be relatively straightforward to solve the remaining problems.