gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biologically-Inspired Spiking Neural Networks with Hebbian Learning for Vision Processing (2008)

This paper describes our recent efforts to develop biologically-inspired spiking neural network software (called JSpike) for vision processing. The ultimate goal is object recognition with both scale and translational invariance. This paper describes the initial software development effort, including code performance and memory requirement results. The software includes the neural network, image capture code, and graphical display programs. All the software is written in Java. The CPU time requirements for very large networks scale with the number of synapses, but even on a laptop computer billions of synapses can be simulated. While our initial application is image processing, the software is written to be very general and usable for processing other sensor data and for data fusion.
A memristor based binary multiplier (2017)

Memristor is a two-terminal nanodevice that has recently attracted the attention of many researchers due to its simple structure, non-volatility behaviour, high-density integration, and low-power consumption. This paper presents and evaluates a novel binary multiplier composed of memristive devices and nanowire crossbar arrays. Using the proposed multiplier instead of usual digital circuits, the number of digital gates are a major challenge for implementing combinational logic in hybrid circuits can be reduced. The proposed memristor-based multiplier requires 20 memristor devices and it performs multiplication with 8 computational steps.
Genetics of pigmentation and melanoma predisposition. (2010)

About 5-10% of human cutaneous malignant melanoma is hereditary and known to involve rare germline mutations in highly penetrant, autosomal dominant genes. These genes are important in cell cycle control but are not responsible for all familial cases of melanoma. Epidemiologic studies have linked specific phenotypic traits including fair skin, light-colored eyes, and poor tanning ability to melanoma risks. The ability to visually discern and define pigmentary phenotypes in humans and in animal models has permitted elucidation of many genes involved in pigmentation and melanin biosynthesis. Additional genetic epidemiological studies have recently identified a subset of these pigmentation genes that are associated with risk for melanoma and other cutaneous malignancies as well as photosensitivity. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have unveiled single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or genetic variants in MC1R, TPCN2, ASIP, KITLG, NCKX5, TYR, IRF4, OCA2, and TYRP1 pigmentation genes. These findings emphasize the contribution of pigmentation pathways to melanoma predisposition and tumorigenesis through gene-environment interactions. Since pigmentation genes in the melanin synthesis pathway also confer risk for cutaneous malignancy, a better understanding of the operative molecular mechanisms involved in this relationship has the potential to impact individual risk assessment for cutaneous malignant melanoma in the future. This paper is an overview of our current understanding of pigmentation gene modifications that have been associated with melanoma risk and how these genes can enrich clinical management, prevention, and early detection of malignant melanoma.
Ti-catalyzed Si nanowires by chemical vapor deposition: Microscopy and growth mechanisms (2001)

Si nanowires grow rapidly by chemical vapor deposition on Ti-containing islands on Si surfaces when an abundant supply of Si-containing gaseous precursor is available. The density of wires is approximately the same as the density of the nucleating islands on the Si surface, although at least two different types of islands appear to correlate with very different wire growth rates. For the deposition conditions used, a minority of long, defect-free wires form, along with more numerous wires containing defects. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy shows that the Ti-containing nanoparticles remain at the tip of the growing wires. The estimated diffusion coefficient of Si in TiSi2 is consistent with the catalyzing nanoparticle remaining in the solid phase during nanowire growth.
Fourier-transform phase-shifting interferometry (2003)

Phase-shifting interferometry is a preferred technique for high-precision surface form measurements, but the difficulty in handling the intensity distortions from multiple-surface interference has limited the general use of the technique to interferometer cavities producing strict two-beam interference. I show how the capabilities of phase-shifting interferometry can be extended to address this problem using wavelength tuning techniques. The basic theory behind the technique is reviewed and applied specifically to the measurement of parallel plates, where surfaces, optical and physical thickness, and homogeneity are simultaneously obtained. Basic system requirements are derived, common error sources are discussed, and the results of the measurements are compared with theory and alternative measurement methods.
Syntaxin 1A inhibits CFTR chloride channels by means of domain-specific protein–protein interactions (1998)

Previously we showed that the functional activity of the epithelial chloride channel that is encoded by the cystic fibrosis gene (CFTR) is reciprocally modulated by two components of the vesicle fusion machinery, syntaxin 1A and Munc-18. Here we report that syntaxin 1A inhibits CFTR chloride channels by means of direct and domain-specific protein-protein interactions. Syntaxin 1A stoichiometrically binds to the N-terminal cytoplasmic tail of CFTR, and this binding is blocked by Munc-18. The modulation of CFTR currents by syntaxin 1A is eliminated either by deletion of this tail or by injecting this tail as a blocking peptide into coexpressing Xenopus oocytes. The CFTR binding site on syntaxin 1A maps to the third predicted helical domain (H3) of this membrane protein. Moreover, CFTR Cl- currents are effectively inhibited by a minimal syntaxin 1A construct (i.e., the membrane-anchored H3 domain) that cannot fully substitute for wild-type syntaxin 1A in membrane fusion reactions. We also show that syntaxin 1A binds to and inhibits the activities of disease-associated mutants of CFTR, and that the chloride current activity of recombinant DeltaF508 CFTR (i.e., the most common cystic fibrosis mutant) can be potentiated by disrupting its interaction with syntaxin 1A in cultured epithelial cells. Our results provide evidence for a direct physical interaction between CFTR and syntaxin 1A that limits the functional activities of normal and disease-associated forms of this chloride channel.
Memory‐Conserving Bounding Volume Hierarchies with Coherent Raytracing (2006)

Abstract Bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs) are a popular method for speeding up raytracing, but they can consume a large amount of memory for complex scenes. We investigate a hierarchical scheme for encoding BVHs that reduces the BVH storage requirements by 63%–75%. The computational overhead of the scheme can be reduced to negligible levels by shooting bundles of rays through the BVH (coherent raytracing). This gives the speed of a coherency‐based raytracer combined with substantial memory savings .
Parainfluenza Virus Surface Projections: Glycoproteins with Haemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Activities (1971)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Optimized Real-Time Quantitative PCR Measurement of Male Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma (2005)

The low copy numbers of fetal DNA in plasma of women in the first trimester of pregnancy cannot be measured precisely when targeting single-copy sequences. Better results are obtained by amplifying a sequence that is present in multiple copies per male genome.
On the Number of Nonscalar Multiplications Necessary to Evaluate Polynomials (1973)

We present algorithms which use only $O(\sqrt n )$ nonscalar multiplications (i.e. multiplications involving “x” on both sides) to evaluate polynomials of degree n, and proofs that at least $\sqrt n $ are required. These results have practical application in the evaluation of matrix polynomials with scalar coefficients, since the “matrix $ \times $ matrix” multiplications are relatively expensive, and also in determining how many multiplications are needed for polynomials with rational coefficients, since multiplications by integers can in principle be replaced by several additions.
Impact of acne on quality of life (2006)

Acne is a dermatological disease with a high prevalence at adolescence that can worsen or even initiate serious psychological problems during an important phase of personality development. Several measures are available that attempt to quantify the impact of acne on quality of life. There is, as yet, no ideal questionnaire, but the need to evaluate psychological aspects in order to develop the correct therapeutic approach is becoming ever more evident when we are faced with an acne patient.
Design and Synthesis of a Mimetic from an Antibody Complementarity-Determining Region (1991)

A technique for producing non-peptide compounds (mimetics) of designed specificities was developed that permitted the synthesis of a conformationally restricted molecule that mimicked the binding and functional properties of monoclonal antibody (MAb) 87.92.6, which recognizes the reovirus type 3 cellular receptor. Binding of either MAb 87.92.6, peptide analogs, or 87.1-mimetic to the cellular receptor inhibited cellular proliferation. The mimetic was a synthetic beta-loop structure that mimics the second complementarity-determining region of the MAb. These studies may lead to strategies for the synthetic design of antibody complementarity regions, ligands, and other pharmacologically active agents that are water soluble, resistant to proteolysis, and nonimmunogenic.
Development of characterization of a immortal and differentiated murine trabecular meshwork cell line. (1999)

The architecture of the murine outflow system is comparable to that in primates. The MUTM-NEI/1 cell line is a clonal, immortal, and differentiated TM cell line that will be an important tool for study of the expression of TM genes.
Treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer with 90Y-CYT-356 monoclonal antibody. (1996)

A Phase I dose-escalation study using 90Y-CYT-356 monoclonal antibody was performed in 12 patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma. Biodistribution studies using 111In-CYT-356 were performed 1 week before 90Y-CYT-356 administration. Of the 12 patients, 58% had at least one site of disease imaged after administration of 111In-CYT-356. The dose of 90Y ranged from 1.83-12 mCi/m2. Both 111In and 90Y-CYT-356 were tolerated well, without significant nonhematological toxicity. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity and occurred at dose levels of 4.5-12 mCi/m2. Of the patients receiving </=9 mCi/m2, 55% had grade 1 or 2 leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia. Two of three patients treated with 12 mCi/m2 experienced grade 3 thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. One patient treated with 12 mCi/m2 had grade 4 neutropenia. The maximum tolerated dose of 90Y-CYT-356 was 9 mCi/m2. Only one patient developed a human anti-mouse antibody 4 weeks after treatment. No patient attained a complete or partial response based on prostate-specific antigen and/or radiological criteria. Three patients had transient subjective improvement in the symptomatology of their disease. In addition, patients treated with 12 mCi/m2 of 90Y-CYT-356 had a slightly longer freedom from disease progression than patients treated with doses of 90Y-CYT-356 </=9 mCi/m2.
Experimental Examination of BacteriophageLatent-Period Evolution as a Response to BacterialAvailability (2003)

For obligately lytic bacteriophage (phage) a trade-off exists between fecundity (burst size) and latent period (a component of generation time). This trade-off occurs because release of phage progeny from infected bacteria coincides with destruction of the machinery necessary to produce more phage progeny. Here we employ phage mutants to explore issues of phage latent-period evolution as a function of the density of phage-susceptible bacteria. Theory suggests that higher bacterial densities should select for shorter phage latent periods. Consistently, we have found that higher host densities (>/== approximately 10(7) bacteria/ml) can enrich stocks of phage RB69 for variants that display shorter latent periods than the wild type. One such variant, dubbed sta5, displays a latent period that is approximately 70 to 80% of that of the wild type-which is nearly as short as the RB69 eclipse period-and which has a corresponding burst size that is approximately 30% of that of the wild type. We show that at higher host densities (>/== approximately 10(7) bacteria/ml) the sta5 phage can outcompete the RB69 wild type, though only under conditions of direct (same-culture) competition. We interpret this advantage as corresponding to slightly faster sta5 population growth, resulting in multifold increases in mutant frequency during same-culture growth. The sta5 advantage is lost, however, given indirect (different-culture) competition between the wild type and mutant or given same-culture competition but at lower densities of phage-susceptible bacteria (</= approximately 10(6) bacteria/ml). From these observations we suggest that phage displaying very short latent periods may be viewed as specialists for propagation when bacteria within cultures are highly prevalent and transmission between cultures is easily accomplished.
Surface-Expressed TLR6 Participates in the Recognition of Diacylated Lipopeptide and Peptidoglycan in Human Cells (2005)

Recognition of microbial components by TLR2 requires cooperation with other TLRs. TLR6 has been shown to be required for the recognition of diacylated lipoproteins and lipopeptides derived from mycoplasma and to activate the NF-kappaB signaling cascade in conjunction with TLR2. Human TLR2 is expressed on the cell surface in a variety of cells, including monocytes, neutrophils, and monocyte-derived, immature dendritic cells (iDCs), whereas the expression profile of TLR6 in human cells remains obscure. In this study we produced a function-blocking mAb against human TLR6 and analyzed TLR6 expression in human blood cells and cell lines and its participation in ligand recognition. TLR6 was expressed, although at a lower level than TLR2, on the cell surface in monocytes, monocyte-derived iDCs, and neutrophils, but not on B, T, or NK cells. Confocal microscopic analysis revealed that TLR6 was colocalized with TLR2 at the plasma membrane of monocytes. Importantly, TLR2/6 signaling did not require endosomal maturation, and anti-TLR6 mAb inhibited cytokine production in monocytes and iDCs stimulated with synthetic macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 or peptidoglycan, indicating that TLR6 recognized diacylated lipopeptide and peptidoglycan at the cell surface. In addition, TLR2 mutants C30S and C36S (Cys(30) and Cys(36) in TLR2 were substituted with Ser), which were expressed intracellularly in HEK293 cells, failed to induce NF-kappaB activation upon macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 stimulation even in the presence of TLR6. Thus, coexpression of TLR2 and TLR6 at the cell surface is crucial for recognition of diacylated lipopeptide and peptidoglycan and subsequent cellular activation in human cells.
Advances in the Dynallax Solid-State Dynamic Parallax Barrier Autostereoscopic Visualization Display System (2008)

A solid-state dynamic parallax barrier autostereoscopic display mitigates some of the restrictions present in static barrier systems, such as fixed view-distance range, slow response to head movements, and fixed stereo operating mode. By dynamically varying barrier parameters in real time, viewers may move closer to the display and move faster laterally than with a static barrier system, and the display can switch between 3D and 2D modes by disabling the barrier on a per-pixel basis. Moreover, Dynallax can output four independent eye channels when two viewers are present, and both head-tracked viewers receive an independent pair of left-eye and right-eye perspective views based on their position in 3D space. The display device is constructed by using a dual-stacked LCD monitor where a dynamic barrier is rendered on the front display and a modulated virtual environment composed of two or four channels is rendered on the rear display. Dynallax was recently demonstrated in a small-scale head-tracked prototype system. This paper summarizes the concepts presented earlier, extends the discussion of various topics, and presents recent improvements to the system.
Development of coronary heart disease in familial hypercholesterolemia. (1989)

We studied the development of coronary artery disease in 10 homozygous and 692 heterozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Seventy-five (22%) male heterozygotes and 35 (10%) female heterozygotes were affected by myocardial infarction, which was first noted in men in the 3rd decade of life and in women in the 4th decade of life. Thirty-eight (70%) out of the deceased 54 heterozygous patients died of coronary heart disease. The mean age at death was significantly less in male heterozygotes (54 years) than in female heterozygotes (69 years). Five homozygous and 105 male and 56 female heterozygous patients received coronary angiographic evaluation. The regression equations between age (X) and coronary stenosis index (Y) obtained by assigning score (0 to 5) to each of 15 coronary artery segments were Y = 1.57X - 20.43 (r = 0.956, p less than 0.05) in the homozygotes, Y = 0.52X - 9.11 (r = 0.438, p less than 0.001) in the male heterozygotes, and Y = 0.47X - 12.54 (r = 0.343, p less than 0.01) in the female heterozygotes. From these data, we can assume that coronary artery stenosis detectable by angiography will occur after 17 and 25 years of age in male and female heterozygotes, respectively, and the treatment of heterozygotes with lipid-lowering drugs can be delayed until late adolescence.
Inhibition of cell proliferation by p107, a relative of the retinoblastoma protein. (1993)

The cellular protein p107 shares many structural and biochemical features with the retinoblastoma gene product, pRB. We have isolated a full-length cDNA for human p107 and have used this clone to study the function of p107. We show that, like pRB, p107 is a potent inhibitor of E2F-mediated trans-activation, and overexpression of p107 can inhibit proliferation in certain cell types, arresting sensitive cells in G1. Several experiments, however, showed that growth inhibition by pRB and p107 did not occur through the same mechanism. First, in the cervical carcinoma cell line C33A, p107 was able to block cell proliferation, whereas pRB could not, even though both proteins were potent inhibitors of E2F-mediated transcription in this cell line. Second, growth arrest by pRB and p107 was rescued differentially by various cell cycle regulators. Third, some mutants of p107 that cannot associate with adenovirus E1A were still able to inhibit cell proliferation, whereas analogous mutants in pRB are known to be unable to block cell growth. Together, these results suggest a biological role of p107 that is related, but not identical, to that of pRB.
Prevention of Insulitis and Diabetes Onset by Treatment With Complete Freund's Adjuvant in NOD Mice (1991)

In studies of immune cell defects in autoimmune diabetes mellitus, we observed that complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) prevented the onset of diabetes when injected into 8- to 10-wk-old prediabetic nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. The prevalence of the onset of diabetes in the CFA-injected versus uninjected NOD mice was 2 of 81 (2.5%) vs. 231 of 379 (61%) among females and 2 of 44 (4.5%) vs. 83 of 336 (25%) among males, respectively. The incidence of histologically identifiable insulitis was significantly reduced in CFA-treated prediabetic female NOD mice (18%) compared with the incidence in female age-matched controls (70%). Splenocytes or Mac-(1+)-enriched splenocytes from CFA-treated NOD mice, when cotransferred with splenocytes from diabetic mice, reduced the incidence of diabetes provoked by diabetic splenocytes in vivo. In the spleen, CFA injection induced sustained increases in cell proliferation and an associated major increase in the numbers of an immature cell type that expressed the Mac-1 surface antigen. In CFA-treated NOD mice, lymphocytes derived from the spleen failed to respond in vitro to stimulation by the mitogen concanavalin A or by anti-CD3. When cocultured, Mac-1+ cells, enriched from the splenocytes of CFA-treated mice, suppressed concanavalin A- or anti-CD3-induced proliferation of T lymphocytes derived from either the spleen or thymus of untreated NOD mice. Therefore, treatment with CFA prevents the development of diabetes, and concomitantly, insulitis while stimulating the generation of splenic suppressor cells that are capable of suppressing diabetogenic T-lymphocyte function in vivo and in vitro.
A 0.2-2 GHz 12 mW multiplying DLL for low-jitter clock synthesis in highly-integrated data communication chips (2003)

The MDLL, in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS, has 0.05 mm/sup 2/ active area and 200 MHz to 2 GHz speed range. The complete synthesizer, including the output clock buffers, dissipates 12 mW from a 1.8 V supply at 2.0 GHz. This MDLL architecture is used as a clock multiplier in a highly-integrated chip, and has jitter of 1.73 ps (rms) and 15.6 ps (pk-pk) at 2 GHz.
Transcript Profiling and Identification of Molecular Markers for Early Microspore Embryogenesis inBrassica napus (2007)

Isolated microspores of Brassica napus are developmentally programmed to form gametes; however, microspores can be reprogrammed through stress treatments to undergo appropriate divisions and form embryos. We are interested in the identification and isolation of factors and genes associated with the induction and establishment of embryogenesis in isolated microspores. Standard and normalized cDNA libraries, as well as subtractive cDNA libraries, were constructed from freshly isolated microspores (0 h) and microspores cultured for 3, 5, or 7 d under embryogenesis-inducing conditions. Library comparison tools were used to identify shifts in metabolism across this time course. Detailed expressed sequence tag analyses of 3 and 5 d cultures indicate that most sequences are related to pollen-specific genes. However, semiquantitative and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses at the initial stages of embryo induction also reveal expression of embryogenesis-related genes such as BABYBOOM1, LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), and LEC2 as early as 2 to 3 d of microspore culture. Sequencing results suggest that embryogenesis is clearly established in a subset of the microspores by 7 d of culture and that this time point is optimal for isolation of embryo-specific expressed sequence tags such as ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3, ATS1, LEC1, LEC2, and FUSCA3. Following extensive polymerase chain reaction-based expression profiling, 16 genes were identified as unequivocal molecular markers for microspore embryogenesis in B. napus. These molecular marker genes also show expression during zygotic embryogenesis, underscoring the common developmental pathways that function in zygotic and gametic embryogenesis. The quantitative expression values of several of these molecular marker genes are shown to be predictive of embryogenic potential in B. napus cultivars (e.g. 'Topas' DH4079, 'Allons,' 'Westar,' 'Garrison').