gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of TAK-242 for the treatment of severe sepsis* (2010)

TAK-242 failed to suppress cytokine levels in patients with sepsis and shock or respiratory failure. Treatment with TAK-242 resulted in mild increases in serum methemoglobin levels but was otherwise well tolerated. Although observed mortality rates in patients with both shock and respiratory failure were lower with the 2.4 mg/kg/day dose, differences were not significant.
Image data processing in the compressed wavelet domain (2002)

A new embedded image coding method, the wavelet-difference-reduction algorithm, was introduced by Jun Tian et al. (see Proceedings of the IEEE Data Compression Conference, Snowbird, Utah, 1996). It combines the discrete wavelet transform, differential coding, binary reduction, order bit plane transmission, and adaptive arithmetic coding. It is a simple and efficient way to successively approximate the image source and is very suitable for progressive image transmission. In addition, this algorithm provides a clear geometric structure in the compressed wavelet domain, which enables us to process the image data in compressed form. We discuss three aspects of this problem, namely denoising, speckle reduction, and zooming. These outline some ideas of how to facilitate image data processing in the compressed wavelet domain.
In vivo administration of stem cell factor to mice increases the absolute number of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (1993)

We have examined the effects of administration of stem cell-factor (SCF) on the number and distribution of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (PHSC) in normal mice. Using the competitive repopulation assay we found that in vivo administration of SCF increases the absolute number of PHSC per mouse threefold. The increased numbers of PHSC are found in the peripheral blood and spleen of the SCF-treated animals. The spleen and peripheral blood stem cells completely repopulated the erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid lineages of irradiated or W/Wv hosts, similar to bone marrow PHSC. PHSC from the peripheral blood of SCF-treated mice have a lineage marker-negative, c-kit-positive phenotype that is indistinguishable from that of bone marrow PHSC. The increase in the absolute number of spleen PHSC is associated with efficient gene transfer to these cells without prior treatment with 5-fluorouracil. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.
수사권조정의 주요 쟁점 (2018)

검사와 사법경찰관 간의 수사권조정이 주로 검찰개혁 방안의 일환으로 논의되어 왔다. 검찰개혁은 검찰권의 정치적 남용 개혁에 초점이 맞춰져있다. 그렇다면 수사권조정에서는 경찰권의 정치적 남용의 위험성에도 유념해야 한다. 수사권조정 논의 과정에서 이상하게도 이 문제가 경시되거나 도외시되고 있다.
국정원의 대공수사 기능 이관 등으로 경찰의 수사권한이 증대되는 상황에서 검사의 적법성 통제를 약화시키는 것은 형소법의 이념에 부합하지 않는다.
검사가 준사법기관인가의 문제는 현실의 문제가 아니라 당위의 문제다. 규범의 본질은 당위이다. 현실에서 검사의 역할이 실망스러운 경우가 있더라도 당위는 검사가 준사법기관이라는 것이다.
OECD 회원국 전부를 망라하는 광범위한 조사결과에 따르면, 수사와 기소의 분리가 Global Standard라고 할 수 없다.
검사의 수사지휘권은 방대한 조직을 갖춘 경찰권의 남용 견제, 수사과정의 법치주의 관철을 위하여 반드시 필요하다.
정부 합의안 중 가장 납득하기 어려운 부분은 경찰의 수사종결권이다. 통계에 따르면, 수사종결권을 경찰에 부여하고 수사종결의 오류를 시정하지 않는다면 1년에 4,000건 가량의 범죄가 묻히고 그것은 우리 공동체의 정의와 치안을 퇴보시킬 것이다. 경찰의 불송치결정의 오류를 시정하기 위하여 ‘정부 합의안’이 마련한 절차는 인적, 물적으로 막대한 낭비를 초래한다. 즉, 경찰은 모든 불송치사건의 기록원본과 별도로 기록을 등사하여 검사에게 통지해야 하며, 검사가 기록등본을 읽고 위법·부당, 수사권남용 등을 발견한 경우에도 직접 시정하지 못하고 경찰에 의견서를 첨부하여 재수사요청을 해야 하며, 국가수사본부는 반기별로 일선 경찰서의 모든 불송치사건을 심의해야 한다. 고소인등은 불송치통지를 받고 반드시 이의신청을 해야만 사건이 검찰에 송치된다.
현행제도는 경찰의 불기소의견이 잘못인 경우 기소권한을 가진 검사가 직접 수사하여 시정한다. 이것이 바른 방법이다. 길을 두고 뫼로 갈 수는 없다.
1,9-Dialkoxyanthracene as a 1O2-Sensitive Linker (2011)

We developed a (1)O(2)-sensitive linker based on a 9,10-dialkoxyanthracene structure. Its cleavage in the presence of (1)O(2) is quick and high-yielding. A phosphoramidite containing this fragment was prepared and coupled to a variety of molecular fragments, including nucleosides, fluorescent dyes, and a cholesteryl derivative. On the basis of this building block we prepared a fluorogenic probe for monitoring (1)O(2) in live mammalian cells and visible-light-activated "caged" oligodeoxyribonucleotides. In particular, the fluorogenic (1)O(2) probe is a conjugate of 4,7,4',7'-tetrachlorofluorescein and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylrhodamine coupled to each other via the (1)O(2)-sensitive linker. Fluorescence of the dyes in this probe is quenched. In the presence of (1)O(2), the linker is cleaved with formation of 9,10-anthraquinone and two strongly fluorescent dyes: 4,7,4',7'-tetrachlorofluorescein and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylrhodamine derivatives. We observed that the fluorescence of the probe correlates with the amount of (1)O(2) present in solution. The red-light-activated "caged" oligodeoxyribonucleotides are stable duplexes, which consist of an unmodified strand and a blocker strand. The (1)O(2)-sensitive linker is introduced in the interior of the blocker strand. Upon exposure of the duplex to red light in the presence of In(3+)(pyropheophorbide-a) chloride, the linker is cleaved with formation of the unstable duplex structure. This product decomposes spontaneously, releasing the unmodified strand, which can bind to the complementary target nucleic acid. This uncaging reaction is high-yielding. In contrast, previously reported visible-light-activated reagents are uncaged inefficiently due to competing reactions of sulfoxide and disulfide formation.
Effect of Fatty Acid Profiles on the Susceptibility of Cultured Rabbit Tracheal Epithelial Cells to Hyperoxic Injury (1990)

Abstract To investigate the role of cellular fatty acid content on the susceptibility of airway epithelial cells to hyperoxic injury, monolayer cultures of rabbit tracheal epithelial (TE) cells were grown to confluence in serum-free media with or without a commercial mixture of cholesterol esters and phospholipid-rich lipo-proteins (Excyte III, Miles-Pentex, Kankakee, IL) in conjunction with arachidonic acid complexed to BSA. Monolayer cultures were then exposed to control (5% CO2/air) or hyperoxic atmospheres (95% oxygen/5% CO2) for 2 h using an in vitro system in which cells were maintained at a gas-liquid interface analogous to in vivo conditions. Hyperoxic injury was assessed by cell viability (trypan blue exclusion) and by the generation of lipid peroxides measured as thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive substances. Changes in TE cell and cell culture effluent fatty acid content induced by exposure to control or hyperoxic atmospheres were analyzed by gas chromatography. TE cells grown in lipid-unsupplemented media had fatty acid profiles characteristic of essential fatty acid deficiency, whereas the fatty acid content of lipid-supplemented TE cells more closely resembled those of acutely recovered TE cells. Lipid-unsupplemented cells were more susceptible to hyperoxic injury as demonstrated by decreased viability and increased production of TBA-reactive substances compared to cells maintained in lipid-supplemented media. In both lipid-supplemented and unsupplemented cells, hyperoxic exposure was associated with a decreased relative cellular content of the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and an increased content of saturated fatty acids. The fatty acid content of cell culture effluents from lipid-supplemented and unsupplemented cells contained little to no PUFA and this did not change after exposures. Our observations suggest that differences in hyperoxia-induced cytotoxicity between the lipid-supplemented and unsupplemented TE cells may be due to varying susceptibilities of constituent membrane fatty acids to lipid peroxidation and provide further evidence for a protective effect of PUFA against hyperoxic injury.
Acoustic and mechanical design considerations for digital streamers (1986)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1986Acoustic and mechanical design considerations for digital streamersAuthors: L. PeardonN. CameronL. PeardonBritoil PLC, Scotland and N. CameronSTC Ltd., Englandhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893121 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893121FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1986ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1986 Pages: 715 publication data© 1986 Copyright © 1986 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 07 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION L. Peardon and N. Cameron, (1986), "Acoustic and mechanical design considerations for digital streamers," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 291-294. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1893121 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Ceftriaxone diffusion into cardiac fibrin vegetation. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation by autoradiography (1991)

Heterogeneous diffusion of some antibiotics into fibrin rich infectious processes is one explanation of the difficulty to cure infections such as endocarditis. Ceftriaxone is a beta lactam antibiotic, potentially useful due to a broad spectrum of activity and its long elimination half-life. We investigated by means of autoradiography the diffusion of labelled ceftriaxone into large infected cardiac vegetations obtained in a rabbit model of endocarditis. Ten d after infection 250 microCi 14C ceftriaxone was injected over 30 min. Thirty min after the end of infusion (T30) vegetation/blood radioactivity ratio was 0.58 +/- 0.4 (n = 3). At T200, radioactivity decreased approximatively 3-fold, in blood and in vegetations simultaneously. Autoradiography showed that at T30, ceftriaxone was 20-30 times more concentrated at the periphery of vegetation than in the core. Autoradiography obtained at T200 showed a progressive diffusion toward the core. The diffusion gradient may explain the fact that high local concentrations are necessary to sterilize vegetations. The pattern of diffusion of antibiotics in fibrin is an important pharmacokinetic parameter for predicting in vivo activity.
Identification of Hendra Virus G Glycoprotein Residues That Are Critical for Receptor Binding (2007)

Hendra virus (HeV) is an emerging paramyxovirus capable of infecting and causing disease in a variety of mammalian species, including humans. The virus infects its host cells through the coordinated functions of its fusion (F) and attachment (G) glycoproteins, the latter of which is responsible for binding the virus receptors ephrinB2 and ephrinB3. In order to identify the receptor binding site, a panel of G glycoprotein constructs containing mutations was generated using an alanine-scanning mutagenesis strategy. Based on a predicted G structure, charged amino acids residing in regions that could be homologous to those in the measles virus H attachment glycoprotein known to be involved in its protein receptor interaction were targeted. Using a coprecipitation-based assay, seven single-amino-acid substitutions in HeV G were identified as having significantly impaired binding to both the ephrinB2 and ephrinB3 viral receptors: D257A, D260A, G439A, K443A, G449A, K465A, and D468A. The impairment of receptor interaction conferred a concomitant diminution in their abilities to promote membrane fusion when coexpressed with F. The G glycoprotein mutants were also recognized by three or more conformation-dependent monoclonal antibodies of a panel of five, were expressed on the cell surface, and retained their abilities to bind and coprecipitate F. Interestingly, some of these mutant G glycoproteins coprecipitated with F more efficiently than wild-type G. Taken together, these data provide strong biochemical and functional evidence that some of these residues could be part of a conformation-dependent, discontinuous, and overlapping ephrinB2 and -B3 binding domain within the HeV G glycoprotein.
Multiple Feeding Artery Pedicle Pseudoaneurysms in the Posterior Circulation: Association with Hemorrhage and AVM (2011)

We experienced rare combination of multiple irregular shaped aneurysms along the course of the feeding artery and arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the posterior circulation. We could not explain which aneurysm was a cause of bleeding because all the aneurysms showed irregular in shape like pseudoaneurysms and location of the aneurysms was very close each other. We report two cases in which multiple irregular shaped aneurysms were related with AVMs and first episode of hemorrhage.
The formulary model for flexible privacy and access controls (1971)

This paper presents a model for engineering the user interface for large data base systems in order to maintain flexible access controls over sensitive data. The model is independent of both machine and data base structure, and is sufficiently modular to allow cost-effectiveness studies on access mechanisms. Access control is based on sets of procedures called formularies. The decision on whether a user can read, write, update, etc., data is controlled by programs (not merely bits or tables of data) which can be completely independent of the contents or location of raw data in the data base.
Cloned restriction/modification system from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (1983)

DNA fragments from Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying the PaeR7 restriction/modification genes have been cloned in the plasmid vector pBR322 and propagated in Escherichia coli. A subclone (pPAORM3.8) has been constructed that contains the complete restriction/modification system on a 3.8-kilobase DNA fragment. Digestion of the pPAORM3.8 plasmid with nuclease BAL-31 has yielded two types of clones. One type contains an active methylase gene but no active endonuclease gene; such clones will modify the DNA but not restrict the growth of incoming phage in vivo. The second type contains an active endonuclease gene but no active methylase gene, as judged both by in vivo tests and by the activity of the cell extracts in vitro. Although extracts of cells containing these plasmids display restriction endonuclease activity, these bacteria are unable to restrict the growth of incoming phage. Furthermore, chromosomal and phage DNA isolated from these host cells are not protected against cleavage by PaeR7 in vitro. The properties of PaeR7 endonuclease and methylase enzymes have also been examined. The PaeR7 restriction endonuclease recognizes and cleaves the sequence C decreased T-C-G-A-G, as does Xho I. However, there exists a canonical Xho I site at 26.5% on the adenovirus 2 genome which is totally refractory to PaeR7 cleavage but is cut by Xho I. Under conditions of low salt, high glycerol, and high enzyme concentrations, a "PaeR7" activity is found that is similar to that observed for EcoRI. Finally, evidence is presented that the PaeR7 methylase modifies the adenine residue within the recognition sequence.
Robust water/fat separation in the presence of large field inhomogeneities using a graph cut algorithm (2009)

Water/fat separation is a classical problem for in vivo proton MRI. Although many methods have been proposed to address this problem, robust water/fat separation remains a challenge, especially in the presence of large amplitude of static field inhomogeneities. This problem is challenging because of the nonuniqueness of the solution for an isolated voxel. This paper tackles the problem using a statistically motivated formulation that jointly estimates the complete field map and the entire water/fat images. This formulation results in a difficult optimization problem that is solved effectively using a novel graph cut algorithm, based on an iterative process where all voxels are updated simultaneously. The proposed method has good theoretical properties, as well as an efficient implementation. Simulations and in vivo results are shown to highlight the properties of the proposed method and compare it to previous approaches. Twenty-five cardiac datasets acquired on a short, wide-bore scanner with different slice orientations were used to test the proposed method, which produced robust water/fat separation for these challenging datasets. This paper also shows example applications of the proposed method, such as the characterization of intramyocardial fat.
Intracisternal Type A particles in murine pancreatic B cells. Immunocytochemical demonstration of increased antigen (p73) in genetically diabetic mice. (1984)

Intracisternal Type A particles (IAPs) are retroviruslike structures identified by a core protein antigen (p73) and found in mouse embryos, in many mouse tumor cells, and in pancreatic B cells of some strains of genetically diabetic mice. Using both peroxidase-antiperoxidase and protein A-gold immunocytochemical techniques to localize p73, the authors have observed differences in intracellular antigen distribution between MOPC-104E, a mouse tumor cell line rich in IAP, and B cells from genetically diabetic (db/db) mice of the CBA/LtJ and C57BL/KsJ strain. In MOPC-104E cells studied by electron microscopy, localization of protein A-gold complex label was almost exclusively limited to IAP and their sites of assembly on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, p73 appeared widely distributed throughout the cytoplasm of B cells from hyperglycemic db/db mice but not normal littermate controls. In addition to distribution over budding IAP, label was also found dispersed through other cytoplasmic organelles involved in secretion, including Golgi complexes and secretory granules. Patch labeling of B cell surfaces was sometimes observed. An ultrastructural survey of islets isolated from normal mice of 7 inbred genetic backgrounds on which the "diabetes" (db) gene has been studied showed that constitutive ability to produce IAP was associated with strain susceptibility to severe diabetes (eg, C57BL/KsJ, DBA/2J, CBA/LtJ, and C3HeB/FeJ). Strains whose B cells failed to show constitutive expression in situ or glucose-inducible expression in cell culture were resistant to the diabetogenic action of db genes. The possibility is discussed that p73 may represent a "neoantigen" which sensitizes the diabetic mouse to reject, by autoimmune mechanisms, the B cells expressing it.
Localization of Erythropoietin in the Glomerulus of the Hypoxic Dog Kidney Using a Fluorescent Antibody Technique (1972)

Intense fluorescent staining of cells in the glomerular tuft has been demonstrated in a hypoxic dog kidney with an antibody to erythropoietin (ESF) using the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. The fluorescent staining in the glomeruli was blocked by a highly purified preparation of ESF. This fluorescence appears to be localized in the visceral epithelial cells of the giomerulus. Kidney sections of a normal dog and a dog injected with hypoxic dog plasma ESF to maintain a prolonged elevation in plasma ESF titers failed to show positive fluorescent staining following treatment with the antibody to ESF. The present studies suggest that the epithelial cells of the glomerular tuft are the site of ESF production.
Emerging drugs for sarcopenia: age-related muscle wasting (2004)

Sarcopenia is the term widely used to describe the progressive loss of muscle mass with advancing age. Even before significant muscle wasting becomes apparent, ageing is associated with a slowing of movement and a gradual decline in muscle strength, factors that increase the risk of injury from sudden falls and the reliance of the frail elderly on assistance in accomplishing even basic tasks of independent living. Sarcopenia is recognised as one of the major public health problems now facing industrialised nations, and its effects are expected to place increasing demands on public healthcare systems worldwide. Although the effects of ageing on skeletal muscle are unlikely to be halted or reversed, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these deleterious changes present numerous targets for drug discovery with potential opportunities to attenuate muscle wasting, improve muscle function, and preserve functional independence. Very few drugs have been developed with sarcopenia specifically in mind. However, because many of the effects of ageing on skeletal muscle resemble those indicated in many neuromuscular disorders, drugs that target neurodegenerative diseases may also have important relevance for treating age-related muscle wasting and weakness. This review describes a selection of the emerging drugs that have been developed during the period 1997 - 2004, relevant to sarcopenia.
Cationic Lipid Polymerization as a Novel Approach for Constructing New DNA Delivery Agents (2001)

In vivo gene delivery mediated by cationic lipids is often compromised by aggregation due to complexation with proteins in the blood. To improve the stability of cationic lipid-DNA complexes, the present study aimed to develop a novel approach in which a poly(cationic lipid) (PCL) is utilized to form stable cationic polyplexes for gene transfection. Hydrogenation of the acrylamide analogue of betaAE-DMRI, the polymerizable precursor of PCL, provided a monomeric lipid derivative (MHL) which was used for direct comparison of corresponding lipoplex stability, toxicity, and transfection activity. Various formulations of cationic liposomes, such as MHL, MHL-cholesterol (Chol), PCL, PCL-Chol, DOTAP-Chol, and commercially available lipofectamine were generated and examined in this study. The new poly(cationic lipid) did not display any significant toxicity to rat hepatocytes or Hep G2 cells as indicated by an LDH leakage assay. Furthermore, PCL was significantly less toxic than MHL, DOTAP-Chol or lipofectamine. Suspensions of PCL were resistant to aggregation even after 24 h of exposure to solutions containing 50 and 100% fetal bovine serum (FBS). In contrast, suspensions of lipofectamine extensively aggregated after 24 h of exposure to 50% FBS. To examine the influence of lipid polymerization on gene transfer activity, liposome-mediated transfections of a luciferase vector (pGL3) were performed in Hep G2 and Alexander cell lines. The luciferase activity of the PCL formulations in Hep G2 cells were similar to those of the MHL, DOTAP-Chol and lipofectamine formulations, demonstrating that lipid polymerization does not compromise transfection activity. In comparison to the monomeric precursor MHL and to the industry transfection standards DOTAP and lipofectamine, the novel poly(cationic lipid) exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity, was the most resistant to serum-induced aggregation and had comparable transfection activity when coformulated with cholesterol. This novel polymerization approach for the development of stable and active polyplexes may prove a valuable alternative for in vivo gene delivery.
Activation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors by recombinant human FGF-5. (1993)

We have purified biologically active recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF-5) from Escherichia coli. In the presence of heparin, recombinant FGF-5 is as active as native growth factor, demonstrating that glycosylation does not significantly potentiate FGF-5 activity. FGF-5 can bind and induce autophosphorylation of human FGF receptors (FGFR) 1 and 2. Competition binding studies show that the KD for FGF-5-FGFR-1 and FGF-5-FGFR-2 interactions are both between 0.5 and 1.5 x 10(-9) M.
Evaluation of advanced retrieval techniques in an experimental online catalog (1992)

Research on the use and users of online catalogs conducted in the early 1980s found that subject searches were the most common form of online catalog search. At the same time, many of the problems experienced by online catalog users have been traced to difficulties with the subject access mechanisms of the online catalog. Numerous proposals have been made for methods intended to improve subject access to online catalog records. These commonly involve enhancing the catalog's bibliographic records with additional terms, or incorporating subject authority files or additional thesauri in the database. Another stream of research has concentrated on applying retrieval techniques derived from information retrieval (IR) research to replace the Boolean search methods of conventional online catalog systems. This study describes the results of retrieval tests using a variety of these search methods in the CHESHIRE experimental online catalog system. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.