gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of the Arabidopsis RING-H2 Protein RBX1 in RUB Modification and SCF Function (2002)

The ubiquitin-related protein RUB/Nedd8 is conjugated to members of the cullin family of proteins in plants, animals, and fungi. In Arabidopsis, the RUB conjugation pathway consists of a heterodimeric E1 (AXR1-ECR1) and a RUB-E2 called RCE1. The cullin CUL1 is a subunit in SCF-type ubiquitin protein ligases (E3s), including the SCF(TIR1) complex, which is required for response to the plant hormone auxin. Our previous studies showed that conjugation of RUB to CUL1 is required for normal SCF(TIR1) function. The RING-H2 finger protein RBX1 is a subunit of SCF complexes in fungi and animals. The function of RBX1 is to bind the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 and bring it into close proximity with the E3 substrate. We have identified two Arabidopsis genes encoding RING-H2 proteins related to human RBX1. Studies of one of these proteins indicate that, as in animals and fungi, Arabidopsis RBX1 is an SCF subunit. Reduced RBX1 levels result in severe defects in growth and development. Overexpression of RBX1 increases RUB modification of CUL1. This effect is associated with reduced auxin response and severe growth defects similar to those observed in axr1 mutants. As in the axr1 mutants, RBX1 overexpression stabilizes the SCF(TIR1) substrate AXR2/IAA7. The RBX1 protein is a component of SCF complexes in Arabidopsis. In addition to its direct role in SCF E3 ligase activity, RBX1 promotes the RUB modification of CUL1 and probably functions as an E3 ligase in the RUB pathway. Hypermodification of CUL1 disrupts SCF(TIR1) function, suggesting that cycles of RUB conjugation and removal are important for SCF activity.
Pattern-specific loss of aquaporin-4 immunoreactivity distinguishes neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis (2007)

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that typically affects optic nerves and spinal cord. Its pathogenic relationship to multiple sclerosis (MS) is uncertain. Unlike MS, NMO lesions are characterized by deposits of IgG and IgM co-localizing with products of complement activation in a vasculocentric pattern around thickened hyalinized blood vessels, suggesting a pathogenic role for humoral immunity targeting an antigen in the perivascular space. A recently identified specific serum autoantibody biomarker, NMO-IgG, targets aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the most abundant water channel protein in the CNS, which is highly concentrated in astrocytic foot processes. We analysed and compared patterns of AQP4 immunoreactivity in CNS tissues of nine patients with NMO, 13 with MS, nine with infarcts and five normal controls. In normal brain, optic nerve and spinal cord, the distribution of AQP4 expression resembles the vasculocentric pattern of immune complex deposition observed in NMO lesions. In contrast to MS lesions, which exhibit stage-dependent loss of AQP4, all NMO lesions demonstrate a striking loss of AQP4 regardless of the stage of demyelinating activity, extent of tissue necrosis, or site of CNS involvement. We identified a novel NMO lesion in the spinal cord and medullary tegmentum extending into the area postrema, characterized by AQP4 loss in foci that were inflammatory and oedematous, but neither demyelinated nor necrotic. Foci of AQP4 loss coincided with sites of intense vasculocentric immune complex deposition. These findings strongly support a role for a complement activating AQP4-specific autoantibody as the initiator of the NMO lesion, and further distinguish NMO from MS.
A compact, scalable cross-connect switch using total internal reflection due to thermally-generated bubbles (2002)

The authors present a novel, compact single mode fiber cross-connect switch which diverts light from one waveguide to a crossing waveguide in a silica planar lightwave circuit (PLC) using total internal reflection (TIR) off the interface between a waveguide and a thermally-generated bubble.
Update on treatment of partial onset epilepsy: role of eslicarbazepine (2010)

Partial epilepsy comprises simple partial seizures, complex partial seizures, and secondarily generalized seizures, and covers more than 60% of patients with epilepsy. Antiepileptic drugs are generally considered to be the major therapeutic intervention for epilepsy but, despite a broad range of commonly used antiepileptic drugs, approximately 30% of adult patients and approximately 25% of children with epilepsy have inadequate seizure control. Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a novel voltage-gated sodium channel-blocking agent with presumed good safety and efficacy for adjunctive treatment of patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy. ESL is a prodrug of eslicarbazepine (the active entity responsible for pharmacologic effects), and is rapidly and extensively hydrolyzed during first pass by liver esterases after oral administration. The half-life of eslicarbazepine at steady-state plasma concentrations is 20-24 hours, compatible with once-daily administration. ESL 800 mg and 1200 mg significantly reduces seizure frequency and shows a favorable safety profile in adult patients with drug-resistant partial-onset seizures, as demonstrated in previous Phase II and III trials. In children, ESL showed a clear dose-dependent decrease in seizure frequency with good tolerability. The most commonly reported adverse events associated with ESL are dizziness, somnolence, nausea, diplopia, headache, vomiting, blurred vision, vertigo, and fatigue. In conclusion, these characteristics suggest that ESL might be a valid and well tolerated treatment option for patients with drug-resistant partial-onset epilepsy. The convenience of once-daily dosing and a short, simple titration regimen would be of special interest for children, although conclusive published data are lacking to date. Hence, there is an urgent need to establish the therapeutic value of ESL in this special population in the near future.
Fosfomycin in Acute Bronchopneumopathies (1977)

Fosfomycin has been tested in 25 adult patients with bronchial or bronchopulmonary acute processes, of which 13 were simple acute processes of a greater or lesser severity, and 12 acutenesses of chronic bronchial processes. The germs found most frequently in the sputum cultures were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella. Fosfomycin was used intramuscularly with doses of 4 g/day, for an average of 10 days. The results obtained were 16 cures, 7 improvements and 2 failures, which represents 92% success with 8% failures.
Dynamic cerebral autoregulation is preserved in neurally mediated syncope (2001)

To test whether cerebral autoregulation is impaired in patients with neurally mediated syncope (NMS), we evaluated 15 normal subjects and 37 patients with recurrent NMS. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and cerebral blood velocity (CBV) (transcranial Doppler) were recorded at rest and during 80 degrees head-up tilt (HUT). Static cerebral autoregulation as assessed from the change in cerebrovascular resistance during HUT was the same in NMS and controls. Properties of dynamic cerebral autoregulation were inferred from transfer gain, coherence, and phase of the relationship between BP and CBV estimated from filtered data segments (0.02-0.8 Hz). During the 3 min preceding syncope, dynamic cerebral autoregulation of subjects with NMS did not differ from that of controls nor did it change over the course of HUT in patients with NMS or in control subjects. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation was also unaffected by the degree of orthostatic intolerance as inferred from latency to onset of syncope. We conclude that cerebral autoregulation in patients with recurrent syncope does not differ from that of normal control subjects.
A consistent model for the thickness dependence of intrinsic breakdown in ultra-thin oxides (2002)

A consistent model for the intrinsic time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) of thin oxides is introduced. This model links the existing anode hole injection and the electron trap generation models together and describes wearout as a hole induced generation of electron traps. Breakdown is defined as conduction via these traps from one interface to the other. Implementing the model in a simulator, the oxide thickness dependence of the Weibull slope of the Q/sub BD/-distribution is predicted, and, using the unique relationship between hole fluence and generated electron trap density, the decrease of the critical hole fluence with oxide thickness is explained.
Pathological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical changes caused by Lelystad virus in experimentally induced infections of mystery swine disease (synonym: Porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (PEARS)) (1991)

The pathogenicity and pathogenesis of Lelystad virus was studied in six 6-day-old SPF piglets. A third passage of the agent was propagated on porcine alveolar macrophages and intranasally inoculated into pigs. Pigs were killed at hours 24, 48, 60, and 72, and on days 6 and 8 after inoculation. From day 2 on pigs developed diffuse interstitial pneumonia with focal areas of catarrhal pneumonia, and from this day on splenic red pulp macrophages were enlarged and vacuolated. Lelystad virus was re-isolated from the lungs of infected pigs from day 2 after inoculation. Lelystad virus antigens were detected by immunohistochemical techniques in bronchiolar epithelium and alveolar cells, and in spleen cells of infected pigs from day 2 after inoculation. Ultrastructural examination of tissues by electron microscopy revealed degenerating alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells in lungs and nasal mucosa, with excessive vacuolation of the endoplasmic reticulum. Although the respiratory tract seems to be the target organ for this virus, macrophages in other organs, such as the spleen, can also be infected. This preference for macrophages may impair immunological defences.
Mechanistic Aspects of C−H Activation by Pt Complexes (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanistic Aspects of C−H Activation by Pt ComplexesMartin Lersch and Mats TilsetView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 6, 2471–2526Publication Date (Web):April 26, 2005Publication History Received15 November 2004Published online26 April 2005Published inissue 1 June 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr030710yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr030710yresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9251Altmetric-Citations714LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Ligands,Platinum,Reaction mechanisms Get e-Alerts
The representation of policies as system objects (1991)

Article The representation of policies as system objects Share on Authors: Jonathan D. Moffett Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Department of Computing, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, UK Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Department of Computing, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, UKView Profile , Morris S. Sloman Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Department of Computing, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, UK Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Department of Computing, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims COCS '91: Proceedings of the conference on Organizational computing systemsOctober 1991 Pages 171–184https://doi.org/10.1145/122831.122850Online:01 October 1991Publication History 29citation321DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations29Total Downloads321Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
An analysis of the mechanical disadvantage of myocardial infarction in the canine left ventricle. (1980)

An isotropic, initially spherical, membrane model of the infarcted ventricle satisfactorily predicts ventricular function in the infarcted heart when compared to clinical information and available ventricular models of higher complexity. Computations based on finite element solutions of this membrane model yield end-diastolic and end-systolic pressure-volume curves, from which ventricular function curves are calculated, for infarcts of varying size and material properties. These computations indicate a progressive degradation of cardiac performance with increasing infarct sizes such that normal cardiac outputs can be maintained with Frank-Starling compensation and increased heart rate for acute infarcts no larger than 41% of the ventricular surface. The relationship between infarct stiffness and cardiac function is found to be complex and dependent on both infarct size and end-diastolic pressure, although moderately stiff subacute infarcts are associated with better function than extensible acute infarcts. Also, calculations of extensions and stresses suggest considerable disruption of the border zone contraction pattern, as well as elevated border zone systolic stresses.
The Canyon Hypothesis (1989)

The three-dimensional structure of human rhinovirus 14 has a deep surface depression or "canyon" encircling each of the twelve 5-fold vertices. The canyon's surface is inaccessible to the broad antigen binding region of antibodies, permitting conservation of residues that might be required for host cell receptor recognition without danger of attack by the host's immune system. In contrast, the exposed surface features, where neutralizing antibodies are known to bind, change rapidly under pressure from the host's immune system. It was, therefore, hypothesized that this depression was the site of receptor attachment. Similar, but smaller, depressions had been observed previously on both the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase spikes of influenza virus. These have also been shown to be the site of host cell interaction. Although support for the canyon hypothesis was only circumstantial in the first place, there are now extensive confirmatory data. These include site-specific mutations of residues in the canyon and conformational changes induced in the canyon by the binding of small organic molecules, all of which alter receptor attachment. The strategy used in human rhinovirus 14 to protect the viral receptor attachment site from immune surveillance may be utilized not only in other picornaviruses but also in many other types of viruses including human immunodeficiency virus.
Dual Attention Network for Scene Segmentation (2018)

In this paper, we address the scene segmentation task by capturing rich contextual dependencies based on the selfattention mechanism. Unlike previous works that capture contexts by multi-scale features fusion, we propose a Dual Attention Networks (DANet) to adaptively integrate local features with their global dependencies. Specifically, we append two types of attention modules on top of traditional dilated FCN, which model the semantic interdependencies in spatial and channel dimensions respectively. The position attention module selectively aggregates the features at each position by a weighted sum of the features at all positions. Similar features would be related to each other regardless of their distances. Meanwhile, the channel attention module selectively emphasizes interdependent channel maps by integrating associated features among all channel maps. We sum the outputs of the two attention modules to further improve feature representation which contributes to more precise segmentation results. We achieve new state-of-the-art segmentation performance on three challenging scene segmentation datasets, i.e., Cityscapes, PASCAL Context and COCO Stuff dataset. In particular, a Mean IoU score of 81.5% on Cityscapes test set is achieved without using coarse data. We make the code and trained model publicly available at https://github.com/junfu1115/DANet
Regulation of ramified electrochemical growth by a diffusive wave (1995)

The role of ion transport during ramified growth in a dilute, binary electrolyte is investigated by obtaining a wave solution to effective equations derived by asymptotic analysis of the Nernst transport equations. The concentration profile exhibits a diffusion layer ahead of the growing tips, in agreement with experiment and theory. The non-Laplacian electric field is stronger in the diffusion layer than in the bulk, and cations are accelerated through the layer toward the tips. The well-known growth speed of the aggregate envelope, roughly equal to the speed of migrating anions in the bulk emerges as the characteristic wave speed of our equations. The ``copper ratio'' is also predicted and is linked to the regulation of growth by the diffusive wave. Finally, an estimate of the induction time for ramified growth is derived, based on the idea that a critical diffusion layer width must be attained.
Free DNA in serum and plasma from normal adults. (1975)

Circulating DNA has been associated with several human disorders, including the nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which it is thought to play an etiological role. However, it remains unclear whether its appearance in the circulation is truly pathological. Several reports, each generally based on a single assay method, have disagreed as to whether DNA may circulate in normals. Some, but not all, of this disagreement may be explained by the recently described appearance of DNA in serum, but not plasma, apparently as the result of release from leukocytes in vitro. In the present report an attempt is made to clarify this problem. Normal plasma and serum samples were examined by four assays for DNA that were newly modified to enhance their specificity and/or sensitivity. Plasma DNA was undetectable by all four methods, the most sensitive of which could detect 0.05 mug/ml of native DNA (nDNA) or 0.1 mug/ml of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Serum DNA was present in 14 of 16 samples tested in variable concentrations with an estimated mean of 1.9 mug/ml. It is concluded that the appearance of DNA in adult human plasma is a pathological event. Presumably, previous reports describing detection of DNA in normal plasma were based on the measurement of non-DNAase-sensitive interfering substance. Furthermore, it is emphasized that the use of serum in studies dependent on sensitive assays for DNA (or anti-DNA antibody) introduces an ambiguity that may be avoided by substitution of carefully collected plasma for serum.
Transport of DNA into the Nuclei of Xenopus Oocytes by a Modified VirE2 Protein of Agrobacterium (1996)

Benjamin Guralnick, Gerald Thomsen, Vitaly Citovsky, Transport of DNA into the Nuclei of Xenopus Oocytes by a Modified VirE2 Protein of Agrobacterium, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Mar., 1996), pp. 363-373
Chronic Kidney Disease at High Altitude (2008)

With a prevalence of 10 to 11% in the general population, it is likely that many patients with chronic kidney disease will visit or reside in mountainous areas. Little is known, however, about whether short- or long-duration, high-altitude exposure poses a risk in this patient population. Given that many areas of the kidney are marginally oxygenated even at sea level and that kidney disease may result in further renal hypoxia and hypoxia-associated renal injury, there is concern that high altitude may accelerate the progression of chronic kidney disease. In this review, we address how chronic kidney disease and its management is affected at high altitude. We postulate that arterial hypoxemia at high altitude poses a risk of faster disease progression in those with preexisting kidney disease. In addition, we consider the risks of developing acute altitude illness in patients with chronic kidney disease and the appropriate use of medications for the prevention and treatment of these problems.
Abstract 19186: Role of Exosomes and Their microRNA Constituents in Mediating the Therapeutic Benefits of Human Cardiosphere-Derived Cells in vitro and in Mice With Myocardial Infarction (2013)

Background: Exosomes are nano-sized bilayer vesicles that are secreted by most cell types. Exosomes are rich in microRNAs (mirs) which may function in a paracrine fashion. Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) have been shown to regenerate heart after myocardial infarction (MI) in animal models and in the CADUCEUS clinical trial. However, most of the regenerated muscle is of innate origin, which suggests that CDCs function mainly through indirect pathways. Methods and Results: In vitro and in vivo, we compared three treatment groups: vehicle only (control), CDC-derived exosomes and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF)-derived exosomes. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) incubated with CDC exosomes were more frequently positive for Ki67 (n=4, p&lt;0.001), and less frequently tunel-positive, compared to NHDF exosomes or control (n=4, p&lt;0.01). CDC exosomes also stimulated tube formation in HUVEC cells compared to NHDF exosomes or control (p&lt;0.05). SCID mice injected with exosomes from CDCs during acute MI showed higher LVEF at two weeks (n=6, p&lt;0.05) and four weeks (n=6, p&lt;0.05) post MI, as well as increased viable mass. The therapeutic benefits of exosomes were equivalent to those of 105 injected human CDCs (p=ns). Inhibition of exosome secretion by ceramide synthesis inhibition abrogated the beneficial effects by CDCs in vivo and in vitro. Mir microarray analysis identified mirs146a as the most highly-up regulated mirs in CDC-exosomes compared to NHDF (262-fold, n=4). Mir-146a-treated NRCMs were more resistant to H2O2-induced stress compared to a mimic control. Array analysis of these NRCMs treated also showed suppression of IRAK1 and TRAF6 transcripts. SCID mice injected with 80 ng of mir-146a during acute MI showed higher LVEF at two weeks (n=6, p&lt;0.05) and four weeks (n=6, p&lt;0.05) post MI, as well as increased viable mass compared to mimic control. Conclusions: Mir-containing exosomes secreted by CDCs exhibit multiple beneficial effects on injured myocardium, suggesting that exosomes may mediate some of the therapeutic effects of CDCs. Most notably mir-146a provides cardioprotection in an acute model of MI.