gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinearity and scaling behavior in donor-doped lead zirconate titanate piezoceramic (1998)

Two different effective thresholds for the onset of nonlinearity in the dielectric and piezoelectric coefficients of donor-doped lead zirconate titanate (soft PZT) piezoceramics at electric ac fields Ec1≈100 V/cm and Ec2≈1 V/cm are found. Both are characterized by a scaling behavior x=x0+A[E−Ec)/Ec]φ above the respective threshold, where x is the dielectric or piezoelectric coefficient. The values of the effective exponent φ are apparently independent of the particular ceramic system which suggests a universal behavior in soft PZT. We suggest that the nonlinearity is dominated by the dynamics of domain walls in a randomly pinned medium.
Functional effects of the inhibition of the cysteine protease activity of the major house dust mite allergen Der p 1 by a novel peptide‐based inhibitor (2000)

PTL11028 is a highly potent and selective irreversible inhibitor of the cysteine protease activity of Der p 1, an activity that may be modulated in vivo by some human cystatins. PTL11028 prevents the Der p 1-mediated cleavage of CD23 from human B cells and significantly reduces HDM-induced permeabilization of the epithelial barrier. PTL11028 is an important tool to examine the biological effects of Der p 1 in a range of in vitro and in vivo model systems.
Encoding a qubit into a cavity mode in circuit QED using phase estimation (2016)

Gottesman, Kitaev, and Preskill have formulated a way of encoding a qubit into an oscillator such that the qubit is protected against small shifts (translations) in phase space. The idea underlying this encoding is that error processes of low rate can be expanded into small shift errors. The qubit space is defined as an eigenspace of two mutually commuting displacement operators ${S}_{p}$ and ${S}_{q}$ which act as large shifts or translations in phase space. We propose and analyze the approximate creation of these qubit states by coupling the oscillator to a sequence of ancilla qubits. This preparation of the states uses the idea of phase estimation where the phase of the displacement operator, say ${S}_{p}$, is approximately determined. We consider several possible forms of phase estimation. We analyze the performance of repeated and adaptive phase estimation as the simplest and experimentally most viable schemes given a realistic upper limit on the number of photons in the oscillator. We propose a detailed physical implementation of this protocol using the dispersive coupling between a transmon ancilla qubit and a cavity mode in circuit QED. We provide an estimate that in a current experimental setup one can prepare a good code state from a squeezed vacuum state using eight rounds of adaptive phase estimation, lasting in total about $4\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\text{s}$, with $94%$ (heralded) chance of success.
Time course of appearance and disappearance of human mast cell tryptase in the circulation after anaphylaxis. (1989)

Tryptase, a neutral protease of human mast cells, is a potentially important indicator of mast cell involvement in various clinical conditions. The current study examined the time course of appearance and disappearance of tryptase in the circulation after an anaphylactic event and the stability of both endogenous and exogenous tryptase in terms of freeze-thawing and temperature. The peak level of tryptase after an experimentally induced systemic anaphylactic reaction occurred 1-2 h after the initiating bee sting in each of three subjects, in contrast to histamine levels which peaked at 5-10 min. In some cases elevated levels of tryptase may not be detected during the initial 15-30 min. Tryptase levels then declined under apparent first order kinetics with a t1/2 of approximately 2h. Similar disappearance kinetics were observed for two subjects presenting in the emergency room with immediate type reactions, one with severe asthma after indomethacin ingestion, the other with systemic anaphylaxis after a bee sting. Histamine levels declined rapidly and were back to baseline by 15-60 min. Measured levels of tryptase in serum or plasma were not diminished by up to four freeze-thaw cycles. Incubation of serum samples taken from subjects with elevated levels of tryptase at 22 and 37 degrees C indicated that greater than 50% of endogenous tryptase was still detected after 4 d. Purified tryptase added to serum or plasma and incubated as above was less stable: approximately 50% of exogenous tryptase in serum and approximately 15% in plasma was detected after 2d of incubation. Therefore, optimally samples should be stored frozen, but even those stored at room temperature for up to 4 d should be satisfactory. The best time to obtain samples for tryptase determinations is 1-2 h after the precipitating event, but depending on the magnitude of the initial response elevated levels of tryptase may be present in the circulation for several hours.
Induction Therapy With Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Living-Related Kidney Transplants (2012)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00658073.
Modeling Simultaneous Growth of Multiple Hydraulic Fractures and Their Interaction With Natural Fractures (2009)

Abstract Hydraulic fracture diagnostics have highlighted the potentially complex natural of hydraulic fracture geometry and propagation. This has been particularly true in the cases of hydraulic fracture growth in naturally fractured reservoirs, where the induced fractures interact with pre-existing natural fractures. A simplified numerical model has been developed to account for mechanical interaction between pressurized fractures, and to examine the simultaneous propagation of multiple (&amp;gt;2) hydraulic fracture segments. Fracture intersection is presumed to communicate the hydraulic fracturing fluid to the natural fracture, which then takes up the continued propagation. Simulations for multi-stage horizontal well treatments and single stage vertical well treatments show that fracture pattern complexity is strongly controlled by the magnitude of the hydraulic fracture net pressure relative to the in situ horizontal differential stress as well as the geometry of the natural fractures. Analysis of the neartip stress field around a hydraulic fracture also indicates that induced stresses may be high enough to debond sealed natural fractures ahead of the arrival of the hydraulic fracture tip.
Branch prediction for free (1993)

Many compilers rely on branch prediction to improve program performance by identifying frequently executed regions and by aiding in scheduling instructions.Profile-based predictors require a time-consuming and inconvenient compile-profile-compile cycle in order to make predictions. We present a program-based branch predictor that performs well for a large and diverse set of programs written in C and Fortran. In addition to using natural loop analysis to predict branches that control the iteration of loops, we focus on heuristics for predicting non-loop branches, which dominate the dynamic branch count of many programs. The heuristics are simple and require little program analysis, yet they are effective in terms of coverage and miss rate. Although program-based prediction does not equal the accuracy of profile-based prediction, we believe it reaches a sufficiently high level to be useful. Additional type and semantic information available to a compiler would enhance our heuristics.
A novel distributed routing protocol to support ad-hoc mobile computing (2002)

This paper presents a new, simple and bandwidth-efficient distributed routing protocol for ad-hoc mobile networks. Unlike the conventional distributed routing algorithms, our protocol does not attempt to consistently maintain routing information in every node. In an ad-hoc mobile network where mobile hosts are acting as routers and where routes are made inconsistent by mobile host movements, we employ a new associativity-based routing scheme where a route is selected based on nodes having associativity states that imply periods of stability. In this manner, the routes selected are likely to be long-lived and hence there is no need to restart frequently, resulting in higher attainable throughput. The association property also allows the integration of ad-hoc routing into a BS-oriented wireless LAN environment, providing fault tolerance in times of base station (BS) failures. The protocol is free from loops, deadlock and packet duplicates and has scalable memory requirements. Simulation results obtained reveal that shorter and better routes can be discovered during route re-constructions.
Laboratory Testing of Cabin Air Filters for the Removal of Reduced-Sulfur Odors (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The next generation of cabin air filters will include the ability to remove not only particulate matter, but odors as well. A key element in the development of odor removal filters is the design of laboratory tests to predict in-service performance. The studies described in this report used a combination of subjective and objective test methods to evaluate a series of odor-removal filters for their ability to remove environmentally significant reduced sulfur compounds. The work was performed in two parts. In the first part the detection, recognition, and annoyance thresholds for hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were measured using a 37-member odor panel. The second part consisted of a group of tests in which the contaminant concentrations upstream and downstream of six types of filters were measured using an instrumental method. A series of short term contaminant removal tests were conducted with a range of inlet contaminant concentrations reflecting the high end of the range of concentrations likely to be encountered in the real world (50 - 200 ppb). The average removal efficiency ranged from 81-96% for hydrogen sulfide and 78-95% for methyl mercaptan. This study shows that because of the shapes of the concentration versus annoyance curves, a filter becomes effective in reducing annoyance only if it is able to reduce the odorant concentration to a level below the threshold level. In certain concentration ranges, little change in the annoyance level would result from use of low efficiency filters.&lt;/div&gt;
Levoleucovorin as Replacement for Leucovorin in Cancer Treatment (2012)

The results of the clinical studies suggest that levoleucovorin is efficacious and can be used safely in combination with fluorouracil and other antitumor agents. Levoleucovorin can be used interchangeably with leucovorin for modulating fluorouracil. The current shortage of the supply of leucovorin centered in North America renders levoleucovorin a reasonable alternative in terms of efficacy and toxicity profile, but from the perspective of cost, leucovorin remains the drug of choice.
Nanoindentation of polymers: an overview (2001)

In this paper, the application of instrumented indentation devices to the measurement of the elastic modulus of polymeric materials is reviewed. This review includes a summary of traditional analyses of load-penetration data and a discussion of associated uncertainties. Also, the use of scanning probe microscopes to measure the nanoscale mechanical response of polymers is discussed, particularly with regard to the associated limitations. The application of these methods to polymers often leads to measurements of elastic modulus that are somewhat high relative to bulk measurements with potentially artificial trends in modulus as a function of penetration depth. Also, power law fits to indentation unloading curves are often a poor representation of the actual data, and the power law exponents tend to fall outside the theoretical range. These problems are likely caused by viscoelasticity, the effects of which have only been studied recently. Advancement of nanoindentation testing toward quantitative characterization of polymer properties will require material-independent calibration procedures, polymer reference materials, advances in instrumentation, and new testing and analysis procedures that account for viscoelastic and viscoplastic polymer behavior.
Translating HDAC inhibitors in Friedreich’s ataxia (2016)

2-aminobenzamide class I HDAC inhibitors are attractive therapeutic small molecules for FRDA. These molecules increase <i>FXN</i> gene expression in human neuronal cells derived from patient induced pluripotent stem cells, and in two mouse models for the disease, as well as in circulating lymphocytes in patients treated in a phase Ib clinical trial. Medicinal chemistry efforts have identified compounds with improved brain penetration, metabolic stability and efficacy in the human neuronal cell model. A clinical candidate will soon be identified for further human testing.
Effect of L-arginine on coronary endothelial function in cardiac transplant recipients. Relation to vessel wall morphology. (1994)

The coronary vasculature of cardiac transplant recipients exhibits a generalized endothelial dysfunction of conduit and resistance vessels. L-Arginine improves endothelial dysfunction of both coronary microvasculature and epicardial coronary arteries. The reversibility of epicardial endothelial dysfunction by L-arginine is more likely in vessels with normal wall morphology.
Processing of cDNA and genomic kilobase-size clones for massive screening, mapping and sequencing by hybridization. (1994)

Efficient procedures for managing a large number of M13 or plasmid clones have been developed. In addition to picking, clones are directly arrayed in multiwell plates by dispensing diluted transformation mixtures. Metal pin arrays are used for fast inoculations of preparative plates filled by medium or by PCR mixture. Growth of M13 clones in multiwell plates is optimized to obtain a consistently high yield, and a PCR protocol is defined for reliable amplification of several thousand M13 or plasmid inserts per day in BioOvens. Over 80,000 cDNA inserts have been amplified. The phages or amplified inserts are spotted on nylon filters using an array of pins having a flat bottom, 0.3 mm in diameter. The procedures are suitable for an automated processing of hundreds of thousands of short clones from representative cDNA and genomic libraries. Hybridization of arrayed clones with oligonucleotide and complex probes can simplify the search for new genes and accelerate large-scale sequencing.
Factor VIII heavy chain polypeptides in plasma and concentrates (1990)

Factor VIII polypeptides in plasma and FVIII concentrates have been analysed by an electrophoretic technique based on that of Weinstein et al (1981). Samples were complexed with radiolabelled anti-FVIII Fab', and the immunocomplexes visualized by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The technique visualized FVIII heavy chain polypeptides in all types of samples, including plasma, without further purification. Fresh or frozen normal plasma (collected into protease inhibitors) contained a range of polypeptides with the largest dominant band at an apparent Mr of 250-300 kDa, and the smallest at 80-90 kDa: no bands were produced from samples of severe haemophilic plasma. Cryoprecipitate had a similar polypeptide distribution to normal plasma, but intermediate purity FVIII concentrates showed more degraded patterns which varied between products: the 250-300 kDa bands were reduced or absent, the 80-90 kDa bands were more pronounced than in plasma, and in one product a polypeptide was seen at approximately 40-50 kDa. In some products heat treatment for viral inactivation increased the proportion of smaller FVIII polypeptides. Highly-purified FVIII concentrate derived from plasma was also degraded relative to plasma FVIII, and two products obtained by recombinant DNA technology both showed degraded, though slightly different, profiles. The native structure of FVIII in fresh plasma appears heterogeneous with a predominance of higher Mr forms: these are degraded to a greater or lesser extent during concentrate production, dependent on the manufacturing processes used.
ATTITUDE OF TEACHERS’ TOWARDS RIGHT TO EDUCATION ACT 2009 IN EAST KAMENG DISTRICT OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH (2016)

This paper presents an in-depth study of the attitude of teachers’ towards RTE Act 2009. The act landmark legislation, it makes elementary education a fundamental right for all children between the ages of 6-14 years. The investigator made an attempt to analyse the attitude of teachers towards right to education act 2009 in East Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh. The sample of the study comprised of 350 teachers which consists 175 Graduate teachers and 175 Post Graduate teachers. The investigator intended to measures the level of awareness of teacher towards RTE Act 2009 for which used the statistical techniques such as Mean, SD and t -test to find out the significance of difference exist among the teachers’ attitude with respect to gender, tribes, and settlement. The findings of the present study revealed that there is no significant difference in attitude of Graduate and Post-Graduate teachers, male and female teachers, rural and urban teachers. Lastly, the investigator found out that tribal and non-tribal teachers had significantly difference.
Inhibition of c-myc Expression Induces Apoptosis of WEHI 231 Murine B Cells (1996)

Treatment of WEHI 231 immature B-lymphoma cells with an antibody against their surface immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) induces apoptosis and has been studied extensively as a model of B-cell tolerance. Anti-Ig treatment of exponentially growing WEHI 231 cells results in an early transient increase in c-myc expression that is followed by a decline to below basal levels; this decrease in c-myc expression immediately precedes the induction of cell death. Here we have modulated NF-kappaB/Rel factor activity, which regulates the rate of c-myc gene transcription, to determine whether the increase or decrease in c-Myc-levels mediates apoptosis in WEHI 231 cells. Addition of the serine/threonine protease inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), which blocks the normally rapid turnover of the specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB/Rel IkappaBalpha in these cells, caused a drop in Rel-related factor binding. TPCK treatment resulted in decreased c-myc expression, preventing the usual increase seen following anti-Ig treatment. Whereas inhibition of the induction of c-myc expression mediated by anti-Ig failed to block apoptosis, reduction of c-myc expression in exponentially growing WEHI 231 cells induced apoptosis even in the absence of anti-Ig treatment. In WEHI 231 clones ectopically expressing c-Myc, apoptosis induced by treatment with TPCK or anti-Ig was significantly diminished and cells continued to proliferate. Furthermore, apoptosis of WEHI 231 cells ensued following enhanced expression of Mad1, which has been found to reduce functional c-Myc levels. These results indicate that the decline in c-myc expression resulting from the drop in NF-kappaB/Rel binding leads to activation of apoptosis of WEHI 231 B cells.
Cancer-Expanded Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Induce Anergy of NK Cells through Membrane-Bound TGF-β1 (2009)

NK cells, the important effector of innate immunity, play critical roles in the antitumor immunity. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), a population of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid cells expanded dramatically during tumor progression, can inhibit T cells and dendritic cells, contributing to tumor immune escape. However, regulation of NK cell innate function by MDSC in tumor-bearing host needs to be investigated. In this study, we found that the function of NK cells from liver and spleen was impaired significantly in all tumor-bearing models, indicating the impairment of hepatic NK cell function by tumor is a universal phenomenon. Then we prepared the orthotopic liver cancer-bearing mice as tumor model to investigate how hepatic NK cells are impaired. We show that down-regulation of NK cell function is inversely correlated with the marked increase of MDSC in liver and spleen. MDSC inhibit cytotoxicity, NKG2D expression, and IFN-gamma production of NK cells both in vitro and in vivo. After incubation with MDSC, NK cells could not be activated to produce IFN-gamma. Furthermore, membrane-bound TGF-beta1 on MDSC is responsible for MDSC-mediated suppression of NK cells. The impaired function of hepatic NK cells in orthotopic liver cancer-bearing mice could be restored by depletion of MDSC, but not regulatory T cells. Therefore, cancer-expanded MDSC can induce anergy of NK cells via membrane-bound TGF-beta1. MDSC, but not regulatory T cells, are main negative regulator of hepatic NK cell function in tumor-bearing host. Our study provides new mechanistic explanations for tumor immune escape.
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury: importance of oxidant/tumor necrosis factor interactions (1994)

Previous studies have demonstrated a role for both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Biologically active TNF was present in liver homogenates in ischemic and nonischemic lobes after 2 h of ischemia but without reperfusion. Using an in situ liver perfusion model, we measured ROI, TNF, and hepatic enzymes in the effluent after 2 h of ischemia. Increased reduction of ferricytochrome C was observed in the hepatic effluent, indicative of the formation of ROI. Treatment of animals with TNF neutralizing antisera significantly reduced both ROI and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Animals treated with superoxide dismutase (SOD), or SOD + catalase (CAT) had greater TNF in the hepatic effluent compared with I/R alone; however, SOD or SOD + CAT did not cause additional release of AST.SOD + CAT plus anti-TNF serum resulted in significant protection compared with SOD + CAT plus control serum. Reperfusion of ischemic liver with 4 mM H2O2 increased both TNF and AST. Optimal protection of hepatocellular injury from reperfusion injury is achieved with a combination of antioxidants and inhibition of TNF.
Regulation of human T cell proliferation by IL-7. (1990)

The regulation of human T cell proliferation by rIL-7 was investigated. Purified peripheral blood T cells were stimulated to proliferate in a short-term assay by IL-7 in the presence of CD3 mAb or lectin. This stimulation was accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of IL-2R on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells over that seen with mitogen alone. The proliferation of these cells in the presence of exogenous IL-7 involved both IL-2-dependent and - independent mechanisms as shown by the ability of neutralizing IL-2 antibody to partially inhibit the response. Anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-6 antibodies had no effect on IL-7-induced T cell growth. These results suggest that the costimulatory effect of IL-7 on human T cells is primarily direct, not involving other intermediate T cell growth factors. IL-7 was also found to be mitogenic in a long-term assay in the absence of any costimulus, with the onset of proliferation occurring later than that seen in the presence of mitogen. These results demonstrate that IL-7 provides a potent T cell stimulus either alone or in the presence of co-mitogen and, although this stimulus is accompanied by an increase in the level of IL-2R expression, it is not dependent on the action of IL-2 for its effect.