gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of a Lower Body Exoskeleton Load Carriage Assistive Device on Oxygen Consumption and Kinematics During Walking with Loads (2006)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the metabolic cost of wearing a prototype exoskeleton (EXO) while walking with a range of heavy loads, and to analyze the associated gait biomechanics. Ten Army enlisted men participated in the study. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and gait biomechanics were measured while Soldiers walked at 4.83 km/h and 0% grade under three realistic load weight configurations that were comprised of Army clothing and equipment: fighting load (20 kg), approach march load (40 kg), and emergency approach march load (55 kg). The volunteers were tested under all load configurations with and without wearing the EXO prototype. Mean VO2 significantly increased while wearing the EXO compared to not wearing the EXO across all conditions. Mean VO2 scaled to body mass and scaled to total mass also significantly increased while wearing the EXO. Mean VO2 and mean VO2 scaled to body mass significantly increased with load, however, there were no significant EXO by load interaction effects for both the non-scaled and scaled VO2. The kinematic and kinetic data revealed significant changes when wearing EXO compared to not wearing EXO. In summary, volunteers walked with shorter and faster strides; maintained a more flexed posture with reduced movement at the individual leg joints; braked with higher ground reaction forces at heel strike; and pushed off with lower force at toe off. This study demonstrated that use of an exoskeleton prototype increases users' metabolic cost while carrying various loads and alters their gait biomechanics compared to conventional load carriage using a backpack.
Dynamic cerebral autoregulatory response to blood pressure rise measured by near-infrared spectroscopy and intracranial pressure (2002)

NIRS represents a new and promising technique for bedside determination of dynamic cerebral autoregulation during acutely induced blood pressure rise. The significant correlations found between NIRS signals and intracranial pressure excluded relevant extracerebral contamination of the NIRS signals. In our patients with severe encephalopathy, dynamic autoregulation was in most instances not fully preserved.
Lens optical quality is a direct function of lens sutural architecture. (1991)

We analyzed the structural and functional relationship between lens sutures and lens optical quality (focal length variability) by correlative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scan analysis. Twenty-two rabbit lenses (8 pigmented and 14 albino) were used in this study. Lenses were initially scanned by a low-power helium-neon laser beam that was passed either at an acute angle to a lens suture or along a lens suture. The results of laser scan analysis with the incident beam passed at an acute angle to a lens suture showed that generally, rabbit lenses were well corrected for spherical aberration. Subsequent SEM analysis showed that areas of lenses scanned that produced the least amount of focal variability were characterized by uniform fiber cells arranged in parallel, radial cell columns. In contrast, the results of laser scan analysis with the incident beam passed along a lens suture showed that there was significant focal length variability, i.e., spherical aberration at the lens sutures. Subsequent SEM analysis showed that the areas of lenses scanned that produced the greatest amounts of focal variability (lens sutures) were characterized by nonuniform fiber cell ends arranged as erratic suture branches in single growth shells and collectively as erratic suture planes formed between growth shells extending from the embryonic nucleus to the lens periphery. Furthermore, the amount of focal variability was directly proportional to the degree of structural disorder at the lens sutures. This is the first study to unequivocally show that the relationship between lens optical quality and specific parameters of lens morphology (lens sutures) can be quantified. These findings may help to elucidate the pathologic changes that lead to presbyopia and cortical cataractogenesis because these lenses are characterized by asymmetrical suture patterns and planes.
The membrane‐bound DnaJ protein located at the cytosolic site of glyoxysomes specifically binds the cytosolic isoform 1 of Hsp70 but not other Hsp70 species (2000)

DnaJ proteins are located in various compartments of the eukaryotic cell. As previously shown, peroxisomes and glyoxysomes possess a membrane-anchored form of DnaJ protein located on the cytosolic face. Hints as to how the membrane-bound co-chaperone interacts with cytosolic soluble chaperones were obtained by examining the affinity between the DnaJ protein and various potential partners of the Hsp70 family. Two genes encoding cytosolic Hsp70 isoforms were isolated and characterized from cucumber cotyledons. In addition, cDNAs encoding Hsp70 forms attributed to the cytosol, plastids and the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum were prepared. His-tagged DnaJ proteins and glutathione S-transferase-Hsp70 fusion proteins were constructed. Using these tools, it was demonstrated that the soluble His-tagged form of DnaJ protein exclusively binds the cytosolic isoform 1 of Hsp70. This interaction was further analyzed by characterizing the interaction between the glyoxysome-bound form of the DnaJ protein and various isoforms of Hsp70. Specific binding to the glyoxysomal surface was only observed in the case of cytosolic isoform 1 of Hsp70. This interaction was strictly dependent on the presence of ADP. Glyoxysomes did not bind other cytosolic or plastidic isoforms or the BiP-related form of Hsp70. Analyzing the enzymatic properties of cytosolic Hsp70s, we showed that the ATPase-modulating activity of DnaJ was highest when isoform 1 was assayed. Collectively, the data indicate that the partner of the DnaJ protein anchored at the glyoxysomal membrane is the cytosolic isoform 1 of Hsp70. In addition to the chaperones located at the surface of glyoxysomes, two isoforms of Hsp70 and one soluble form of DnaJ protein were detected in the glyoxysomal matrix.
Change of Guinea Pig Inner Ear Pressure by Square Wave Middle Ear Cavity Pressure Variation (2002)

The inner ear fluid pressure of guinea pigs was measured during square wave middle ear cavity pressure variation. Time constants were derived for the slopes of the inner ear pressure recovery curves after middle ear pressure change. A "single exponential" function did not fit well and therefore more complicated functions were used for this purpose. For middle ear pressure increasing from zero to a few centimetres of water, returning to zero again, decreasing from zero to minus a few centimetres of water and then returning to zero again, time constants for the inner ear pressure recovery curves were on average 15.0, 8.6, 2.5 and 2.5 s, respectively. The results could not be described using a linear model with constant window membrane compliance and cochlear aqueduct flow resistance. A possible explanation for the large difference in time constants for positive or negative middle ear pressure changes is a dependence on aqueduct flow resistance or round window membrane position.
Genome‐Wide Profiling of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Array‐Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (2006)

Genome-wide aCGH can be used to detect and map CNAs in OSCC tissue specimens with high resolution. These data implicate several candidate genes and gene pathways in the tumorigenesis of sporadic OSCC.
Robust ZFN-mediated genome editing in adult hemophilic mice (2013)

Monogenic diseases, including hemophilia, represent ideal targets for genome-editing approaches aimed at correcting a defective gene. Here we report that systemic adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector delivery of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and corrective donor template to the predominantly quiescent livers of adult mice enables production of high levels of human factor IX in a murine model of hemophilia B. Further, we show that off-target cleavage can be substantially reduced while maintaining robust editing by using obligate heterodimeric ZFNs engineered to minimize unwanted cleavage attributable to homodimerization of the ZFNs. These results broaden the therapeutic potential of AAV/ZFN-mediated genome editing in the liver and could expand this strategy to other nonreplicating cell types.
Sequence analysis of the Escherichia coli dnaE gene (1987)

We have determined the sequence of a 4,350-nucleotide region of the Escherichia coli chromosome that contains dnaE, the structural gene for the alpha subunit of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. The dnaE gene appeared to be part of an operon containing at least three other genes: 5'-lpxB-ORF23-dnaE-ORF37-3' (ORF, open reading frame). The lpxB gene encodes lipid A disaccharide synthase, an enzyme essential for cell growth and division (M. Nishijima, C.E. Bulawa, and C.R.H. Raetz, J. Bacteriol. 145:113-121, 1981). The termination codons of lpxB and ORF23 overlapped the initiation codons of ORF23 and dnaE, respectively, suggesting translational coupling. No rho-independent transcription termination sequences were observed. A potential internal transcriptional promoter was found preceding dnaE. Deletion of the -35 region of this promoter abolished dnaE expression in plasmids lacking additional upstream sequences. From the deduced amino acid sequence, alpha had a molecular weight of 129,920 and an isoelectric point of 4.93 for the denatured protein. ORF23 encoded a more basic protein (pI 7.11) with a molecular weight of 23,228. In the accompanying paper (D.N. Crowell, W.S. Reznikoff, and C.R.H. Raetz, J. Bacteriol. 169:5727-5734, 1987), the sequence of the upstream region that contains lpxA and lpxB is reported.
The structure of podecdysone B, a new phytoecdysone (1969)

M. N. Galbraith, D. H. S. Horn, E. J. Middleton and R. J. Hackey, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 402 DOI: 10.1039/C29690000402
The role of pharmacogenetics in cancer therapeutics (2006)

The variability in treatment responses and narrow therapeutic index of anticancer drugs are some of the key challenges oncologists face. The knowledge of pharmacogenetics can potentially aid in the discovery, development and ultimately individualization of anticancer drugs. The identification of genetic variations that predict for drug response is the first step towards the translation of pharmacogenetics into clinical practice. This review provides an update on the results of studies assessing the effects of germline polymorphisms and somatic mutations on therapeutic outcomes and highlights the potential applications and future challenges in pharmacogenetic research pertaining to cancer therapeutics.
EarTouch: Turning the Ear into an Input Surface (2017)

In this paper, we propose a new interaction technique for controlling applications by the user pulling their ear that is detected by an enhanced earphone device. We envision supporting commands and controls for such applications as music players, navigation systems, and calendars. These are novel in that the interfaces are eyes-free. We measure the shape deformation of the ear using optical sensors. Deformation of the skin can be recognized by attaching a light sensor to the earphone and measuring the distance from the earphone to the skin inside the ear. We measure the deformation of the skin caused by the user touching the ear with the finger. In this paper, we support the recognition of multiple gestures with a Support Vector Machine (SVM).
Facile Cleavage of Ethers in Ionic Liquid (2007)

Abstract Various alkyl ethers were efficiently cleaved by treating them with pyridinium halides in ionic liquid, and the desired products were obtained in excellent yields.
Scalable performance analysis: the Pablo performance analysis environment (2002)

Developers of application codes for massively parallel computer systems face daunting performance tuning and optimization problems that must be solved if massively parallel systems are to fulfill their promise. Recording and analyzing the dynamics of application program, system software, and hardware interactions is the key to understanding and the prerequisite to performance tuning, but this instrumentation and analysis must not unduly perturb program execution. Pablo is a performance analysis environment designed to provide unobtrusive performance data capture, analysis, and presentation across a wide variety of scalable parallel systems. Current efforts include dynamic statistical clustering to reduce the volume of data that must be captured and complete performance data immersion via head-mounted displays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of Administration of Lovastatin on the Development of Late Pulmonary Effects after Whole-Lung Irradiation in a Murine Model (2004)

Our group's work on late radiation effects has been governed by the hypothesis that the effects observed in normal tissues are a consequence of multicellular interactions through a network of mediators. Further, we believe that inflammation is a necessary component of this process. We therefore investigated whether the recruitment of mononuclear cells, observed during the pneumonitic period in the irradiated normal lung, is dependent on the expression of chemokines, notably Mcp1. Since statins have been shown to reduce chemokine expression and inflammatory cell recruitment, we specifically examined whether statins could be used to reduce monocyte recruitment. Mice received 15 Gy whole-lung irradiation; treated groups were administered lovastatin three times weekly starting either immediately or 8 weeks postirradiation. At subsequent intervals, animals were killed humanely, and cellular, mRNA and protein analyses were undertaken. Statin-treated animals demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in both macrophage and lymphocyte populations in the lung compared to radiation alone as well as improved rates of survival and decreased collagen content. In addition, ELISA measurements showed that radiation-induced increases in Mcp1 protein were reduced by statin treatment. Additional experiments are needed to assess whether statins offer a potential treatment for the amelioration of late effects in breast and lung cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.
Corrosion detection in reinforced concrete structures using static and dynamic response measurements (2008)

In the last years the development of integrated monitoring systems for new and existing reinforced concrete structures has been recognized as an important tool to reduce maintenance costs allowing a rational approach to the assessment of repair options, scheduling of inspection and maintenance programs. Continuous monitoring of reinforced concrete can allow a better knowledge of present and future performances of the structure in order to prevent premature deterioration. This issue is particularly significant for reinforced concrete bridges, because corrosion phenomena in reinforcing bars are the main cause of the reduction of the load bearing capacity and of the design security levels (Yoshihiro et al. 1990, Cairns 1998, Perno et al. 2005). The evaluation of service life for reinforced concrete structures with corroded reinforcements is a very significant topic in the literature (Rodriguez et al. 1997, Capozucca & Cerri 2003, Razak & Choi 2001, Ahmed et al. 2006).
Tandem Amino Acid Repeats From Trypanosoma cruzi Shed Antigens Increase the Half-Life of Proteins in Blood (1999)

Proteins containing amino acid repeats are widespread among protozoan parasites. It has been suggested that these repetitive structures act as immunomodulators, but other functional aspects may be of primary importance. We have recently suggested that tandem repeats present in Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase stabilize the catalytic activity in blood. Because the parasite releases trans-sialidase, this delayed clearance of the enzyme might have implications in vivo. In the present work, the ability of repetitive units from different T. cruzi molecules in stabilizing trans-sialidase activity in blood was evaluated. It is shown that repeats present on T. cruzi shed proteins (antigens 13 and Shed-Acute-Phase-Antigen [SAPA]) increase trans-sialidase half-life in blood from 7 to almost 35 hours. Conversely, those repeats present in intracellular T. cruzi proteins only increase the enzyme half-life in blood up to 15 hours. Despite these results, comparative analysis of structural and catalytic properties of both groups of chimeric enzymes show no substantial differences. Interestingly, antigens 13 and SAPA also increase the persistence in blood of chimeric glutathione S-transferases, thus suggesting that this effect is inherent to these repeats and independent of the carrier protein. Although the molecular basis of this phenomenon is still uncertain, its biotechnological potential can be envisaged.
Spectral bloom filters (2003)

A Bloom Filter is a space-efficient randomized data structure allowing membership queries over sets with certain allowable errors. It is widely used in many applications which take advantage of its ability to compactly represent a set, and filter out effectively any element that does not belong to the set, with small error probability. This paper introduces the Spectral Bloom Filter (SBF), an extension of the original Bloom Filter to multi-sets, allowing the filtering of elements whose multiplicities are below a threshold given at query time. Using memory only slightly larger than that of the original Bloom Filter, the SBF supports queries on the multiplicities of individual keys with a guaranteed, small error probability. The SBF also supports insertions and deletions over the data set. We present novel methods for reducing the probability and magnitude of errors. We also present an efficient data structure and algorithms to build it incrementally and maintain it over streaming data, as well as over materialized data with arbitrary insertions and deletions. The SBF does not assume any a priori filtering threshold and effectively and efficiently maintains information over the entire data-set, allowing for ad-hoc queries with arbitrary parameters and enabling a range of new applications.
Synthesis of Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene Complexes That Contain Siloxides (2007)

Monosiloxide and disiloxide complexes have been prepared through the addition of silanols to Mo(NR)(CHCMe2Ph)(pyrrolyl)2 species [R = 1-adamantyl (Ad) or 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3 (Ar)]. The silanols employed include (t-Bu)3SiOH (HSilox), (i-Pr)3SiOH, (Me3Si)3SiOH, (t-Bu-O)3SiOH, Me2(t-Bu)SiOH, and Ph3SiOH. The monoSilox complex, Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(Silox)(pyrrolyl) (2a), could be isolated, while Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)(Silox)(pyrrolyl) was observed in situ but could not be crystallized. Disiloxides that could be crystallized include Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)(Silox)2 (1b), Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)[OSi(SiMe3)3]2 (4), Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)[OSi(O-t-Bu)3]2 (5), and Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)[OSiMe2(t-Bu)]2 (6); other disiloxide examples could be observed in situ but could not be crystallized. Compound 2a reacts readily with (CF3)Me2COH, (CF3)2MeCOH, (CF3)2CHOH, ArOH, C6F5OH, (−)-menthol, and (−)-borneol to give compounds of the type Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(Silox)(OR) (3a−g) in situ. No reaction was observed upon heating of 1b under 5 atm of ethylene at 120 °C in toluene-d8; only at 240 °C in o-dichlorobenzene-d4 did 1b react with ethylene to yield CH2═CHCMe2Ph, but the Mo-containing product could not be identified. Compound 2a reacts with ethylene at 120 °C to give Mo(NAr)(CH2)(Silox)(pyr), while 3a−e react with ethylene at ∼60 °C; methylene species could be observed in several cases but could not be isolated. X-ray studies were carried out for 1b and 2a.
Scalable hierarchical multitask learning algorithms for conversion optimization in display advertising (2014)

Many estimation tasks come in groups and hierarchies of related problems. In this paper we propose a hierarchical model and a scalable algorithm to perform inference for multitask learning. It infers task correlation and subtask structure in a joint sparse setting. Implementation is achieved by a distributed subgradient oracle and the successive application of prox-operators pertaining to groups and subgroups of variables. We apply this algorithm to conversion optimization in display advertising. Experimental results on over 1TB data for up to 1 billion observations and 1 million attributes show that the algorithm provides significantly better prediction accuracy while simultaneously beingefficiently scalable by distributed parameter synchronization.
Correlation between plasmid content and infectivity in Borrelia burgdorferi (2000)

Infectivity-associated plasmids were identified in Borrelia burgdorferi B31 by using PCR to detect each of the plasmids in a panel of 19 clonal isolates. The clones exhibited high-, low-, and intermediate-infectivity phenotypes based on their frequency of isolation from needle-inoculated C3H/HeN mice. Presence or absence of 21 of the 22 plasmids was determined in each of the clones by using PCR primers specific for regions unique to each plasmid, as identified in the recently available genome sequence. Southern blot hybridization results were used to confirm the PCR results in some cases. Plasmid lp25 exhibited a direct correlation with infectivity in that it was consistently present in all clones of high or intermediate infectivity and was absent in all low-infectivity clones. lp28-1, containing the vmp-like sequence locus, also correlated with infectivity; all clones that lacked lp28-1 but contained lp25 had an intermediate infectivity phenotype, in which infection was primarily restricted to the joints. Plasmids cp9, cp32-3, lp21, lp28-2, lp28-4, and lp56 apparently are not required for infection in this model, because clones lacking these plasmids exhibited a high-infectivity phenotype. Plasmids cp26, cp32-1, cp32-2 and/or cp32-7, cp32-4, cp32-6, cp32-8, cp32-9, lp17, lp28-3, lp36, lp38, and lp54 were consistently present in all clones examined. On the basis of these results, lp25 and lp28-1 appear to encode virulence factors important in the pathogenesis of B. burgdorferi B31.
Botulinum toxin: from poison to remedy. (1997)

Botulinum toxins, exotoxins of Clostridium botulinum, are the most toxic naturally occurring substances known to man. For more than a century they are known to be the cause of botulism, a nowadays rare intoxication with spoiled food that leads to generalized flaccid weakness of striated muscle including pharyngeal and respiratory musculature. The toxins act primarily at peripheral cholinergic motor nerve endings by blocking the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. As a consequence, action potentials in the motor nerve can no longer be transmitted to the muscle. This lack in transmission, clinically appearing as weakness, may disable or actually critically endanger affected patients. However, in certain neurological diseases characterized by an abnormal increase in muscle tone or activity, for example dystonia or spasticity, a reduction in signal transmission may actually be beneficial. Around 1980 local injections of minute amounts (in the order of 0.5 ng) of Botulinum toxin type A were first successfully used in a neurological disorder named blepharospasm which is characterized by an involuntary squinting of the eyes. Since then Botulinum toxin has developed rapidly from a frightful poison to a safe therapeutic agent with a remarkable beneficial impact on the quality of life of many thousands of patients worldwide. This review tries to outline in brief the characteristics of Botulinum toxins, their mechanism of action and the various indications for clinical use as a therapeutic agent.