gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microinvasive ductal carcinoma (T1mic) of the breast. The clinicopathological profile and immunohistochemical features of 28 cases (2003)

Microinvasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, namely ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (T1mic) as defined by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual, is a rare disease, although it is increasing because of widespread use of mammography. The aim of the present study was to describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of this entity. Twenty-eight patients who were diagnosed as T1mic from January 1997 to August 2002 were studied by using 3-5 mm-thick serial sections with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical staining for the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), p53, Ki-67, and HER-2 were performed. All 28 patients were female, with a mean age of 48.8 years. Twenty-six patients (93%) revealed mammographic abnormalities on routine examination. All foci of the invasions were measured using an ocular micrometer. Invasive foci consisted of isolated cells or cell clusters, or appeared as a tongue-like projection of tumor through the basement membrane of the duct of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The mean number of invasive foci was 3, and the mean size was 0.6 mm. We found that high nuclear grade and predominant comedo subtype of DCIS components were 57.1% and 46.4%, respectively. Twenty-four cases (86%) demonstrated necrosis of DCIS components. Microinvasion was often associated with periductal stromal reaction (71.5%) and/or a lymphocytic infiltration (78.6%). All patients, excluding two, received axillary resection (the mean number of lymph nodes examined per case was 12), and none had lymph node metastasis. The positive expression of ER and PR strongly related to low grade nuclei and non-comedo subtype; however, the positive expression of HER-2 and P53 related to high grade nuclei and comedo subtype (P<0.01). Ki-67 expression was significantly higher in the high grade nuclei group than in the low grade group (P<0.01). Our study suggested that high nuclear grade and comedo DCIS were more aggressive and more common with microinvasion, and that microinvasion is more likely to be multifocal.
Synthesis of Brominated Quercetin Derivatives Using Distinct Brominating Systems (2014)

6,8-Dibromoquercetin derivatives were obtained through reaction of quercetin with HBr-H2O2. On the other hand, quercetin reacted with bromine to synthesize poly brominated derivatives. The reaction procedures were monitored by either TLC or HPLC or both in some cases. The reaction products were further purified via either recrystallization or silica gel column chromatography. Then the chemical structures were further confirmed by 1 H NMR and LC-MS. Two new quercetin brominated derivatives, namely 6,8-dibromoquercetin and 6,8,2',5',6'-pentabrominated quercetin were obtained. Two distinct brominated approaches were studied to obtain two different quercetin brominated derivatives, 6,8-dibromoquercetin and 6,8,2',5',6'-pentabrominated quercetin with the yields of 80 and 70 %, respectively.
Testosterone increases serum 1,25–dihydroxyvitamin D and insulin‐like growth factor‐I in hypogonadal men (1992)

The short-term metabolic effects of testosterone treatment on circulating levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were studied in 13 hypogonadal men. The study group included 11 men with Klinefelter's syndrome, with varying degree of androgen deficiency, and two men with secondary hypogonadism. Pretreatment levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D-binding protein and IGF-binding protein-I were all within the normal range. The levels of IGF-I were lower than normal in 5/11 of the Klinefelter patients and in one patient with GH-deficiency. Testosterone treatment increased circulating total 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D significantly from 75 +/- 4 pmol l-1 (mean +/- SEM) to 86 +/- 4 (P less than 0.01) and the free 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-index from 1.95 +/- 0.11 to 2.39 +/- 0.12 (P less than 0.01). Serum levels of IGF-I increased from 117 +/- 22 micrograms/l to 143 +/- 23 (P less than 0.01) during androgen treatment. No significant effects on levels of IGF-binding protein-I were seen. It is concluded that androgen therapy increases the availability of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and the level of IGF-I, which may be important links in the action of testosterone.
Prevention of Autoimmunity by Targeting a Distinct, Noninvariant CD1d-reactive T Cell Population Reactive to Sulfatide (2004)

Class I and class II MHC-restricted T cells specific for proteins present in myelin have been shown to be involved in autoimmunity in the central nervous system (CNS). It is not yet known whether CD1d-restricted T cells reactive to myelin-derived lipids are present in the CNS and might be targeted to influence the course of autoimmune demyelination. Using specific glycolipid-CD1d tetramers and cloned T cells we have characterized a T cell population reactive to a myelin-derived glycolipid, sulfatide, presented by CD1d. This population is distinct from the invariant Valpha14+ NK T cells, and a panel of Valpha3/Valpha8+ CD1d-restricted NK T cell hybridomas is unable to recognize sulfatide in the presence of CD1d+ antigen-presenting cells. Interestingly, during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis a model for human multiple sclerosis, sulfatide-reactive T cells but not invariant NK T cells are increased severalfold in CNS tissue. Moreover, treatment of mice with sulfatide prevents antigen-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in wild-type but not in CD1d-deficient mice. Disease prevention correlates with the ability of sulfatide to suppress both interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 production by pathogenic myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-reactive T cells. Since recognition of sulfatide by CD1d-restricted T cells has now been shown both in mice and humans, study of murine myelin lipid-reactive T cells may form a basis for the development of intervention strategies in human autoimmune demyelinating diseases.
The effects of unnatural base pairs and mispairs on DNA duplex stability and solvation (2009)

In an effort to develop unnatural DNA base pairs we examined six pyridine-based nucleotides, d3MPy, d4MPy, d5MPy, d34DMPy, d35DMPy and d45DMPy. Each bears a pyridyl nucleobase scaffold but they are differentiated by methyl substitution, and were designed to vary both inter- and intra-strand packing within duplex DNA. The effects of the unnatural base pairs on duplex stability demonstrate that the pyridine scaffold may be optimized for stable and selective pairing, and identify one self pair, the pair formed between two d34DMPy nucleotides, which is virtually as stable as a dA:dT base pair in the same sequence context. In addition, we found that the incorporation of either the d34DMPy self pair or a single d34DMPy paired opposite a natural dA significantly increases oligonucleotide hybridization fidelity at other positions within the duplex. Hypersensitization of the duplex to mispairing appears to result from global and interdependent solvation effects mediated by the unnatural nucleotide(s) and the mispair. The results have important implications for our efforts to develop unnatural base pairs and suggest that the unnatural nucleotides might be developed as novel biotechnological tools, diagnostics, or therapeutics for applications where hybridization stringency is important.
Biodegradation and Biodeterioration of Polymers: Kinetical Aspects (1998)

No matter how far Humanity advanced in its successes the problems of health and death will always exist. However, it is possible to postpone old age and prolong life, and it is performed successfully. In ancient Rome the average age was 15-18 years. Today in Japan it reaches 77-79 years. So what can the science of polymers do in solving this problem? Do high molecular compounds (natural and artificial) possess any reserves for solving this problem? This book discusses the problems of the polymer interaction with biologically active and model media, biodegradation biodetrioration, prognosing the time of reliable exploitation of polymers for medical purposes, polymer application in surgery, etc. Also discussed is the role of kinetics in prognosis of agriculture production quality.
Neurological Anatomy. In Relation to Clinical Medicine. (1970)

Unique among neuroanatomical texts ... This is no dry compilation of facts but an attention-rivetting discussion of neurological organization.' Annals of Internal Medicine on the 2nd edition.
Unusual protein-binding specificity and capacity of aza-arenophilic gels (1998)

A number of synthetic aza-arenophilic gels have been synthesized from Sepharose CL-4B, 3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trifluoropyridine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine. These show high binding capacities for immunoglobulins and enzymes. Under high-salt buffer binding conditions, IgG can be effectively eluted, essentially free of contamination by BSA, using acidic conditions (pH 2.5) or phosphate buffers (pH 7.4) containing nucleophiles. Enzymes can also be readily adsorbed and desorbed. Thus these gels can be reused as supports for the immobilization of enzymes.
Genomic structure and alterations of homeobox gene CDX2 in colorectal carcinomas (1999)

Expression of CDX2, a caudal-related homeobox gene, was found to be decreased in colorectal carcinomas. Heterozygous null mutant mice as to Cdx2 develop multiple intestinal adenomatous polyps. To clarify the role of CDX2 in colorectal carcinogenesis, we determined its genomic structure, and searched for mutations of CDX2 in 49 sporadic colorectal carcinomas and ten hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancers (HNPCC) without microsatellite instability. None of them exhibited a mutation. We further examined 19 HNPCC carcinomas with microsatellite instability for mutations in a (G)7 repeat site within CDX2. One of them (5.3%) exhibited one G insertion. Loss of heterozygosity was observed in 2 of the 20 (10%) informative sporadic carcinomas, and in one of the three (33.3%) informative HNPCC cancers. These data indicate that CDX2 may play only a minor role in colorectal carcinogenesis.
Construction of a Pseudoreceptor That Mediates Transduction by Adenoviruses Expressing a Ligand in Fiber or Penton Base (1999)

ABSTRACT Modification of adenovirus to achieve tissue specific targeting for the delivery of therapeutic genes requires both the ablation of its native tropism and the introduction of specific, novel interactions. Inactivation of the native receptor interactions, however, would cripple the virus for growth in production cells. We have developed an alternative receptor, or pseudoreceptor, for the virus which might allow propagation of viruses with modified fiber proteins that no longer bind to the native adenovirus receptor (coxsackievirus/adenovirus receptor [CAR]). We have constructed a membrane-anchored single-chain antibody [m-scFv(HA)] which recognizes a linear peptide epitope (hemagglutinin [HA]). Incorporation of HA within the HI loop of the fiber protein enabled the modified virus to transduce pseudoreceptor expressing cells under conditions where fiber-CAR interaction was blocked or absent. The pseudoreceptor mediated virus transduction with an efficiency similar to that of CAR. In addition, the HA epitope mediated virus transduction through interaction with the m-scFv(HA) when it was introduced into penton base. These findings indicate that cells expressing the pseudoreceptor should support production of HA-tagged adenoviruses independent of retaining the fiber-CAR interaction. Moreover, they demonstrate that high-affinity targeting ligands may function following insertion into either penton base or fiber.
Recombinant expression and purification of human placental growth factor 1 and specific camel heavy chain polyclonal antibody preparation (2013)

Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. Unlike VEGF, PlGF is dispensable for normal cell development as well as playing various roles in pathological angiogenesis which occurs in tissue ischemia, inflammation, and malignancy. The PlGF-1 has been considered as a potential candidate for the diagnosis and targeting of pathological angiogenesis. Camelidae serum contains an important fraction of functional antibodies, called heavy-chain antibodies (HcAbs) that are naturally devoid of light chains. Camelid HcAbs recognize their cognate antigens by a single variable-domain, referred to as VHH or Nanobody. Here, we describe the expression and purification of recombinant human PlGF-1 (rhPlGF-1). This protein was subsequently used for the preparation of camel heavy chain polyclonal antibody against rhPlGF-1. The recombinant expression plasmid pET-26b-hPlGF-1 was introduced into Escherichia coli BL21 cells to express the rhPlGF-1 protein. Purified rhPlGF-1 was used to immunize camel, the specific reactivity of HcAb was determined with ELISA and western blot. Western blot analysis indicated that the antiserum specifically reacted to the recombinant protein. The rhPlGF-1 protein and its antibody may be used for the development of detection assays needed for clinical research.
Regional expression of epithelial MDR1/P‐glycoprotein in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis (2011)

MDR1/P-gp is overexpressed in the epithelial layer of sinus mucosa in patients with both CRSwNP and CRS relative to other sinonasal subsites. Expression in healthy mucosa is negligible. Given its known immunomodulatory function this suggests that P-gp may play a role in the pathogenesis or maintenance of chronic sinonasal inflammation.
Mechanisms of programmed cell death and Bcl-2 protection (1994)

Conference Article| August 01 1994 Mechanisms of programmed cell death and Bcl-2 protection Michael D. Jacobson; Michael D. Jacobson * *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Julia F. Burne; Julia F. Burne 1Developmental Neurobiology Programme, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the Biology Department, University College London, London WCIE 6BT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Martin C. Raff Martin C. Raff 1Developmental Neurobiology Programme, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the Biology Department, University College London, London WCIE 6BT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1994) 22 (3): 600–602. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0220600 Article history Received: March 15 1994 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Michael D. Jacobson, Julia F. Burne, Martin C. Raff; Mechanisms of programmed cell death and Bcl-2 protection. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1994; 22 (3): 600–602. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0220600 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA, MTT, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, PCD, programmed cell death This content is only available as a PDF. © 1994 Biochemical Society1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Serum Inter–α-Trypsin Inhibitor and Matrix Hyaluronan Promote Angiogenesis in Fibrotic Lung Injury (2008)

Our findings indicate that serum IaI interacts with HA, and promotes angiogenesis in lung injury. IaI appears to contribute to the vascular response to lung injury and may lead to aberrant angiogenesis. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00016627).
Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer (1999)

A digital computer is generally believed to be an efficient universal computing device; that is, it is believed to be able to simulate any physical computing device with an increase in computation time by at most a polynomial factor. This may not be true when quantum mechanics is taken into consideration. This paper considers factoring integers and finding discrete logarithms, two problems that are generally thought to be hard on classical computers and that have been used as the basis of several proposed cryptosystems. Efficient randomized algorithms are given for these two problems on a hypothetical quantum computer. These algorithms take a number of steps polynomial in the input size, for example, the number of digits of the integer to be factored.
数据可视化之美——《纽约时报》的一天 (2011)

你是否曾经想过《纽约时报》网站的读者会涵盖什么类型的人？我们想过。我们还在想他们倾向于在一天之中的什么时候来访问网站，使用什么工具访问以及他们都来自哪里？从他们是谁到在什么时候、以什么方式以及为什么等，所有这些问题都在我们的思考范围之内。
Inhibitors of Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-Acyl Transferase (ACAT) as Hypocholesterolemic Agents.6.The First Water-Soluble ACAT Inhibitor with Lipid-Regulating Activity (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibitors of Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-Acyl Transferase (ACAT) as Hypocholesterolemic Agents.6.The First Water-Soluble ACAT Inhibitor with Lipid-Regulating ActivityDrago R. Sliskovic, Brian R. Krause, Joseph A. Picard, Maureen Anderson, Richard F. Bousley, Katherine L. Hamelehle, Reynold Homan, Thomas N. Julian, Zara A. Rashidbaigi, and Richard L. StanfieldCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 5, 560–562Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00031a002Request reuse permissionsArticle Views209Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (398 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Metabolic Targeting as an Anticancer Strategy: Dawn of a New Era? (2007)

As a result of a spectrum of mitochondrial defects, tumor cells often preferentially use glycolysis to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), even in the presence of oxygen, a phenomenon known as aerobic glycolysis, or the "Warburg effect." Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an inhibitor of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), which inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), a gatekeeping enzyme for the entry of pyruvate into the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In mice, DCA treatment appears to reactivate mitochondrial respiration in tumor cells, induces their selective killing, and suppresses cancer growth. These observations provide intriguing insights into the plasticity of tumor metabolism that may offer new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Simple Amplification‐Based Assay: A Nucleic Acid–Based Point‐of‐Care Platform for HIV‐1 Testing (2010)

The unique characteristics and competitive performance of the SAMBA HIV-1 test render it suitable for point-of-care and near-patient testing in both developed and developing countries.
Spin transfer switching in dual MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (2007)

Dual magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structures consisting of two MgO insulating barriers of different resistances, two pinned reference layers aligned antiparallel to one another, and a free layer embedded between the two insulating barriers have been developed. The electron transport and spin dependent resistances in the dual MTJ structures are accounted for by sequential tunneling with some spin-flip relaxation in the central electrode (the free layer). With a tunneling magnetoresistance ratio of 70%, a switching current density Jc (at 30ms) of 0.52MA∕cm2 is obtained, corresponding to an intrinsic value of Jc0 (at 1ns) of 1.0MA∕cm2. This value of Jc0 is 2–3 times smaller than that of a single MgO insulating barrier MTJ structure and results from improvements in the spin-transfer torque efficiency. The asymmetry between JcAP→P and JcP→AP is significantly improved, which widens the read-write margin for memory device design. In addition, the experimental results show that the switching current density can be further reduced when an external field is applied along the hard axis of the free layer.
Effects of high light on transcripts of stress-associated genes for the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Prochlorococcus MED4 and MIT9313. (2004)

International audience
A 104-kDa diacylglycerol kinase containing ankyrin-like repeats localizes in the cell nucleus. (1996)

The cDNA corresponding to a fourth species of diacylglycerol (DG) kinase (EC 2.7.1.107) was isolated from cDNA libraries of rat retina and brain. This cDNA encoded a 929-aa, 104-kDa polypeptide termed DGK-IV. DGK-IV was different from previously identified mammalian DG kinase species, DGK-I, DGK-II, and DGK-III, in that it contained no EF-hand motifs but did contain four ankyrin-like repeats at the carboxyl terminus. These structural features of DGK-IV closely resemble the recently cloned, eye-specific DG kinase of Drosophila that is encoded by the retinal degeneration A (rdgA) gene. However, DGK-IV was expressed primarily in the thymus and brain with relatively low expression in the eye and intestine. Furthermore, the primary structure of the DGK-IV included a nuclear targeting motif, and immunocytochemical analysis revealed DGK-IV to localize in the nucleus of COS-7 cells transfected with the epitope-tagged cDNA, suggesting an involvement of DGK-IV in intranuclear processes.
Guiding Polymers to Perfection:  Macroscopic Alignment of Nanoscale Domains (2003)

Nanoscale diblock copolymer domains are aligned via top-down/bottom-up hierarchical assembly. Grating substrates template cylinder alignment with demonstrated 5000:1 aspect ratio for 100 μm domains extendable to arbitrary length scales. Depending on trough depth and amount of deposited polymer, aligned domains are (1) confined to the channels or (2) expanded across the grating frequently with (3) a complete absence of defects. This methodology can be exploited in hybrid hard/soft matter systems for electronics, catalysis, and sensors.
CD4+ T-Cell Immune Response to Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Predicts Patient Outcome (2001)

The presence of increased numbers of activated CD4+ cells in the area of B-cell diffuse large-cell NHL predicts a better prognosis. This finding provides a strong rationale for the investigation of cellular immunotherapy in B-cell NHL.