gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MOBILE INFORMATION SYSTEMS IMPACT STUDY (1988)

Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Research and Development Branch Transport Canada, Transportation Development Centre E.R. Case (416) 2354676 The report presents a review of the state-of-the-art of in-vehicle navigation and mobile communications techniques and equipment. A features matrix is used to classify the equipment in terms of infrastructure relationship, navigation technology, system function, etc. Human factors implications are also adThe primary functions likely to be provided in future systems (eg., road map display, en-route conditions, vehicle/cargo position tracking) and their specific features are grouped under five application areas: travel advisory, fleet management, traffic management, mobile office, occupant activities and vehicle control. Likely user communities and Canadian hardware/software suppliers are described for a further perspective on future markets. Summaries of foreign programs are presented. Primary issues for the development of standards and regulations are discussed and preliminary (stop-gap) man-machine interface standards are recommended to ensure safe use of the various devices. The report identifies research, development and demonstration needs, and recommends seven priority projects to accelerate the design and manufacture of Canadian systems and to identify opportunities for the increased use of these technologies. Comments: This report is part of MTO Research and Development Project 25180.
Comparative effects of 28-day treatment with the new anti-estrogen EM-800 and tamoxifen on estrogen-sensitive parameters in intact mice (1997)

Following 28 days of oral administration, in intact mice, the novel non-steroidal anti-estrogen EM-800 was at least 30-fold more potent than tamoxifen in inhibiting uterine weight. Moreover, the maximal inhibitory effect achieved with tamoxifen on uterine weight was only 40% that with EM-800. The pure anti-estrogenic activity of EM-800 on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis is illustrated by the increase in ovarian weight, while tamoxifen, due to its estrogenic activity, decreased ovarian weight. EM-800 is 10- to 30-fold more potent than tamoxifen in inhibiting uterine and vaginal estrogen receptors. Since 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) is the key enzyme in estradiol formation, the potent inhibitory effect of EM-800 on uterine 17beta-HSD could play an additional role by decreasing the availability of estradiol in the uterine tissue, while tamoxifen, on the contrary, stimulates activity of the enzyme. The atrophic changes in both the endometrial and myometrial layers achieved with EM-800 almost reached those observed 28 days after ovariectomy. EM-800 also resulted in a marked decrease in the number of ovarian developing follicles and corpora lutea, while the number of atretic follicles was increased. Tamoxifen treatment, on the other hand, produced an increase in both the number and crowding of the endometrial glands and a mild atrophy of the myometrial layer. Tamoxifen caused atrophic changes of the vaginal epithelium, especially at the highest doses, though the atrophy was much less pronounced than that following EM-800 treatment or ovariectomy. In addition to being at least 30-fold more potent than tamoxifen in inhibiting uterine weight, the novel anti-estrogen causes atrophy of the endometrium, stimulates the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and inhibits uterine 17beta-HSD activity, while tamoxifen exerts opposite and estrogen-like effects on these parameters.
Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 diarrhoea associated with well water and infected cattle on an Ontario farm (1998)

A 16-month old female child living on an Ontario dairy farm was taken to hospital suffering from bloody diarrhoea. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from her stool. Initial tests of well water samples were negative for E. coli by standard methods but culture of selected coliform colonies on sorbitol-MacConkey agar led to isolation of E. coli O157:H7. E. coli O157:H7 was also isolated from 63% of cattle on the farm. The E. coli O157:H7 isolates from the child, the water and the cattle were phage type 14, produced verotoxins 1 and 2, and were highly related on analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The child did not have known direct contact with the cattle and did not consume unpasteurized milk. Hydrogeological investigation revealed the design and location of the well would allow manure-contaminated surface water to flow into the well. This investigation demonstrates that cattle farm well water is a potential source of E. coli O157:H7 which may not be identified by standard screening for E. coli in water.
Real-Time Computer Accompaniment of Keyboard Performances (1985)

We have extended the capabilities of real-time computer accompaniment by developing fast inethods for matching polyphonic performances against scores. and we have improved the musicality of the accompaniment through the use of a number of accompaniment heuristics and techniques. A set of algorithms has been designed to handle streams of partially ordered events typified by the key-down events of a keyboard performance. The new algorithms can be viewed as points in a space of alternative designs, where the dimensions are (1) the choice of function that evaluates the quality of a perlbnance/score association, (2) the method of determining when to trust tile current guess as to score location, and (3) the method of dealing with compound, unordered events in the score. Two or more alternatives along each of these dimensions are described. Substantial progress has been made in the area of controlling the rate of passage of musical time to achieve a musical accompaniment as the soloist speeds up, slows down, and skips around in the score. Several heuristics tbr musical accompaniment are presented. Accompaniment systems based on this work are operational, and demonstrate the viability of these techniques, This research was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Reseamh .Projects Agency (DOD), ARPA Order No. 3597, monitorcd by the Air Force Avionics Laboratory Under Contract F33615-81-K-1539.
B-Cell Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Use in Clinical Oncology (1991)

The use of MAbs directed against B-cell markers has identified considerably more heterogeneity within B-cell neoplasms than was evident by standard morphologic and histochemical techniques. Using markers specific for lineage and state of differentiation, it is possible to correlate malignant B cells to their normal cellular counterparts. Considering the complexity of normal B-cell ontogeny, differentiation, and function, it is not surprising that these malignancies reflect this diversity. Hopefully, with increasing characterization of the normal function of cell surface molecules, as well as the subpopulations of normal cells to which these malignancies correspond, we will have a better understanding of the biologic and clinical behavior of these malignancies.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES BY ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE DE MONTREAL LIBRARY IN SUPPORT OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES (2005)

Librarians are better able to respond to the needs of their end users while supporting the goals of their institution. This is illustrated through five recent initiatives undertaken by the Library of École Polytechnique in direct support of institutional research activities: Master's and PhD students develop information skills through the preparation of a portfolio on their research topic. This assignment forms part of an information literacy laboratory within a research methodology course. The course is mandatory for PhD students and assignment grading is done by librarians. Canada Research Chairs benefit from dedicated information services in return for a financial contribution by each Chair to the Library. A bibliographic database with citations to the scientific and engineering publications of the institution's faculty and researchers is available via the Internet. A knowledge management tool, the database is also useful for marketing and promoting the institution. A three-pronged approach to analyzing user needs allows the Library to identify those journals containing 80% of the articles published or cited by the institution's faculty and researchers. A comparative analysis of publication data for fifteen Canadian engineering schools aids the institution in developing its strategic positioning.
Cognitive Role of Neurogenesis in Depression and Antidepressant Treatment (2008)

The discovery of newborn neurons in the adult brain has generated enormous interest over the past decade. Although this process is well documented in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb, the possibility of neuron formation in other brain regions is under vigorous debate. Neurogenesis within the adult hippocampus is suppressed by factors that predispose to major depression and stimulated by antidepressant interventions. This pattern has generated the hypothesis that impaired neurogenesis is pathoetiological in depression and stimulation of newborn neurons essential for effective antidepressant action. This review critically evaluates the evidence in support of and in conflict with this theory. The literature is divided into three areas: neuronal maturation, factors that influence neurogenesis rates, and function of newborn neurons. Unique elements in each of these areas allow for the refinement of the hypothesis. Newborn hippocampal neurons appear to be necessary for detecting subtle environmental changes and coupling emotions to external context. Thus speculatively, stress-induced suppression of neurogenesis would uncouple emotions from external context leading to a negative mood state. Persistence of negative mood beyond the duration of the initial stressor can be defined as major depression. Antidepressant-induced neurogenesis therefore would restore coupling of mood with environment, leading to the resolution of depression. This conceptual framework is provisional and merits evaluation in further experimentation. Critically, manipulation of newborn hippocampal neurons may offer a portal of entry for more effective antidepressant treatment strategies.
Mutations of the CDKN2/p16INK4 gene in Australian melanoma kindreds (1995)

The cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2 (CDKN2) gene on chromosome 9p21 is potentially involved in the genesis of many cancers and is currently under intense investigation as a possible melanoma susceptibility locus. We have analyzed 18 Australian melanoma kindreds for mutations within the coding and neighboring splice junction portions of the CDKN2 gene. In seven kindreds (including our six largest), CDKN2 mutations were found to segregate with the putative melanoma chromosome previously assigned by 9p haplotype analysis. These changes included the duplication of a 24 bp repeat, a deleted C residue resulting in the introduction of a premature stop codon, and four single basepair changes causing amino acid substitutions. Mutations segregated to 46 of 51 affected individuals in these seven kindreds, with three apparent sporadic cases in one family and one in each of another two families. Penetrance was variable (55-100%) among the different mutations. These data provide additional strong support that the CDKN2 gene is the chromosome 9p21 familial melanoma locus.
A procedure for highly specific, sensitive, and unbiased whole-genome amplification (2008)

Highly specific amplification of complex DNA pools without bias or template-independent products (TIPs) remains a challenge. We have developed a method using phi29 DNA polymerase and trehalose and optimized control of amplification to create micrograms of specific amplicons without TIPs from down to subfemtograms of DNA. With an input of as little as 0.5-2.5 ng of human gDNA or a few cells, the product could be close to native DNA in locus representation. The amplicons from 5 and 0.5 ng of DNA faithfully demonstrated all previously known heterozygous segmental duplications and deletions (3 Mb to 18 kb) located on chromosome 22 and even a homozygous deletion smaller than 1 kb with high-resolution chromosome-wide comparative genomic hybridization. With 550k Infinium BeadChip SNP typing, the >99.7% accuracy was compared favorably with results on unamplified DNA. Importantly, underrepresentation of chromosome termini that occurred with GenomiPhi v2 was greatly rescued with the present procedure, and the call rate and accuracy of SNP typing were also improved for the amplicons with a 0.5-ng, partially degraded DNA input. In addition, the amplification proceeded logarithmically in terms of total yield before saturation; the intact cells was amplified >50 times more efficiently than an equivalent amount of extracted DNA; and the locus imbalance for amplicons with 0.1 ng or lower input of DNA was variable, whereas for higher input it was largely reproducible. This procedure facilitates genomic analysis with single cells or other traces of DNA, and generates products suitable for analysis by massively parallel sequencing as well as microarray hybridization.
177Lu-J591 monoclonal antibody (Lu-J591) therapy in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (metCRPC): Correlation of antibody-tumor targeting and treatment response (2008)

The purpose of this investigation was to identify the longitudinal physiological and cardiological changes that occurred in a sample of male NASA executives who participated in an individualized physical conditioning program for 10 years. Only 19% discontinued program participation. Oxygen uptake increased significatnly during the 10 years and the increase was attributed to those who exercised three or more days per week. Serum cholesterol exhibited an upward trend similar to the trend reported in the Framingham population, but systolic blood pressure decreased with age. About 30% of the executives exhibited cardiac arrhythmias during exercise. The incidence of PVCs and PACs increased with age. During the period studied, five executives developed sudden acute myocardial symptomatology which was not detected by the exercise stress test.
Searching for Hidden-Web Databases (2005)

Recently, there has been increased interest in the retrieval and integration of hidden-Web data with a view to leverage high-quality information available in online databases. Although previous works have addressed many aspects of the actual integration, including matching form schemata and automatically filling out forms, the problem of locating relevant data sources has been largely overlooked. Given the dynamic nature of the Web, where data sources areconstantlychanging, itiscrucialtoautomaticallydiscoverthese resources. However, considering the number of documents on the Web (Google already indexes over 8 billion documents), automatically finding tens, hundreds or even thousands of forms that are relevant to the integration task is really like looking for a few needles in a haystack. Besides, since the vocabulary and structure of forms for a given domain are unknown until the forms are actually found, it is hard to define exactly what to look for. We propose a new crawling strategy to automatically locate hidden-Web databases which aims to achieve a balance between the two conflicting requirements of this problem: the need to perform a broad search while at the same time avoiding the need to crawl a large number of irrelevant pages. The proposed strategy does that by focusing the crawl on a given topic; by judiciously choosing links to follow within a topic that are more likely to lead to pages that contain forms; and by employing appropriate stopping criteria. We describe the algorithms underlying this strategy and an experimental evaluation which shows that our approach is both effective and efficient, leading to larger numbers of forms retrieved as a function of the number of pages visited than other crawlers.
K-glypican: a novel GPI-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is highly expressed in developing brain and kidney. (1995)

Glypicans are a family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). The glypican family, which currently includes glypican, the developmentally regulated rat intestinal transcript OCI-5, and cerebroglycan, is characterized by a similar core protein size and almost complete conservation of cysteine residues. By RT-PCR using degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on the sequence homologies, we isolated mouse cDNA encoding a novel member of the glypican family as well as mouse homologues of glypican and OCI-5. The novel molecule, named K-glypican, has a predicted molecular mass of 57.5 kD and potential attachment sites for heparan sulfate chains and a GPI anchor in its COOH-terminal region, like other members of the glypican family. Transfection of an epitope-tagged full-length K-glypican cDNA into MDCK cells demonstrated that K-glypican is indeed expressed as a GPI-anchored HSPG. Northern blot analyses with K-glypican, glypican, and OCI-5 probes demonstrated that kidney and developing brain, and that these three molecules show remarkable patterns of cell type- and developmental stage-specific expression. In situ hybridization revealed that the major sites of K-glypican expression in developing embryo are tubular epithelial cells in the kidney and proliferating neuroepithelial cells in the brain. These results indicate that K-glypican is a novel GPI-anchored HSPG involved in embryonic development.
Rechargeable Lithium/Sulfur Batteries Based on Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbon and Ionic Liquid Electrolytes (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Fast and sensitive multiple sequence alignments on a microcomputer (1989)

A strategy is described for the rapid alignment of many long nucleic acid or protein sequences on a microcomputer. The program described can handle up to 100 sequences of 1200 residues each. The approach is based on progressively aligning sequences according to the branching order in an initial phylogenetic tree. The results obtained using the package appear to be as sensitive as those from any other available method.
ChemInform Abstract: Evidence for a Rate‐Determining Solvation Change in Methyl Transfer to Water. (1986)

Abstract Rate laws and HzO/ D 2 O KIE′s are measured for the reactions of l‐methylthiophenium hexafluorophosphate, methyl perchlorate, and methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate with dilute solutions of water in MeCN or sulfolane.
A humanized CD18 antibody can block function without cell destruction. (1993)

Leukocyte integrins are intimately involved in transient adherence of leukocytes to endothelium and to each other in the processes of extravasation and cell activation. In this study, seven mAb directed against human CD11a and two mAb directed against human CD18, the alpha- and beta-chains of the leukocyte functional Ag-1 molecule, respectively, were analyzed for their ability to inhibit several leukocyte functional Ag-1-mediated interactions. The best blocking mAb in these studies, a rat anti-human CD18, YFC51.1, was subsequently humanized by complementarily-determining region grafting, associated with human C regions and expressed. The humanized mAb was shown to maintain binding for human CD18. Even though the humanized mAb was an IgG1 isotype it still retained the functional blocking characteristics of the rat mAb while failing to mediate cell killing. The IgG1 mAb was unable to bind human Clq and could block but did not mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
Significance of a prenatally diagnosed del(10)(q23) (2001)

Structural chromosome mosaicism is rare. We report a case of prenatal mosaicism for a deletion of chromosome 10(q23). To our knowledge, there are only three reports of prenatally diagnosed cases of del(10)(q23). Two of these cases were due to an inherited fragile site. In the present case amniocentesis revealed 46,XY,del(10)(q23)[9]/46,XY[45]. Follow-up chromosome analysis of peripheral blood and placental tissue from a phenotypically normal liveborn male revealed the del(10)(q23) in only 3/100 blood cells grown in low-folate medium. It appears that prenatally diagnosed deleted (10q) mosaicism represents culture artifact and is not clinically significant.
α-Synuclein–Induced Down-Regulation of Nurr1 Disrupts GDNF Signaling in Nigral Dopamine Neurons (2012)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its close relative neurturin are currently in clinical trials for neuroprotection in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). However, in animal models of PD, GDNF fails to protect nigral dopamine (DA) neurons against α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration. Using viral vector delivery of human wild-type α-synuclein to nigral DA neurons in rats, we show that the intracellular response to GDNF is blocked in DA neurons that overexpress α-synuclein. This block is accompanied by reduced expression of the transcription factor Nurr1 and its downstream target, the GDNF receptor Ret. We found that Ret expression was also reduced in nigral DA neurons in PD patients. Conditional knockout of Nurr1 in mice resulted in reduced Ret expression and blockade of the response to GDNF, whereas overexpression of Nurr1 restored signaling, providing protection of nigral DA neurons against α-synuclein toxicity. These results suggest that Nurr1 is a regulator of neurotrophic factor signaling and a key player in the cellular defense against α-synuclein toxicity.
Handbook of Refractory Carbides and Nitrides: Properties, Characteristics, Processing and Applications (1996)

Refractory carbides and nitrides are useful materials with numerous industrial applications and a promising future, in addition to being materials of great interest to the scientific community. Although most of their applications are recent, the refractory carbides and nitrides have been known for over one hundred years. The industrial importance of the refractory carbides and nitrides is growing rapidly, not only in the traditional and well-established applications based on the strength and refractory nature of these materials such as cutting tools and abrasives, but also in new and promising fields such as electronics and optoelectronics.
Resurgence of Colistin: A Review of Resistance, Toxicity, Pharmacodynamics, and Dosing (2010)

Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic that was discovered in the late 1940s for the treatment of gram-negative infections. After several years of clinical use, its popularity diminished because of reports of significant nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Recently, the antibiotic has resurfaced as a last-line treatment option for multidrug-resistant organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The need for antibiotics with coverage of these gram-negative pathogens is critical because of their high morbidity and mortality, making colistin a very important treatment option. Unfortunately, however, resistance to colistin has been documented among all three of these organisms in case reports. Although the exact mechanism causing colistin resistance has not been defined, it is hypothesized that the PmrA-PmrB and PhoP-PhoQ genetic regulatory systems may play a role. Colistin dosages must be optimized, as colistin is a last-line treatment option; in addition, suboptimal doses have been linked to the development of resistance. The lack of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies and no universal harmonization of dose units, however, have made it difficult to derive optimal dosing regimens and specific dosing guidelines for colistin. In critically ill patients who may have multiorgan failure, renal insufficiency may alter colistin pharmacokinetics. Therefore, dosage alterations in this patient population are imperative to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal toxicity. With regard to colistin toxicity, most studies show that nephrotoxicity is reversible and less frequent than once thought, and neurotoxicity is rare. Further research is needed to fully understand the impact that the two regulatory systems have on resistance, as well as the dosages of colistin needed to inhibit and overcome these developing patterns.