gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation and purification of a potent bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein and a closely associated phospholipase A2 from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Observations on their relationship. (1979)

Two antibacterial proteins from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes, a potent bactericidal cationic protein that increases the envelope permeability of susceptible gram-negative bacteria and a phospholipase A2, have been purified to near homogeneity by ion exchange, gel filtration, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The apparently noncatalytic bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein has an approximate molecular weight of 50,000 and is isoelectric at pH 9.5 to 10.0. The molecular properties, including amino acid composition, and the antibacterial potency and specificity of this rabbit leukocyte protein and of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein from human granulocytes that we have recently purified (J. Biol. Chem. 253, 2664-2672, 1978) are closely similar. Both proteins kill several strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Rough strains are more sensitive than smooth strains. All gram-positive bacterial species tested are insensitive to high concentrations of either rabbit or human protein. The phospholipase A2, purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose, ran as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular weight of 14,000 and had a specific enzymatic activity comparable to that of purified phospholipases A2 from other sources. Separation of the phospholipase A2 from the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein has no noticeable effect on the bactericidal and permeability-increasing activities of the purified bactericidal protein, but removes the ability of the phospholipase A2 to hydrolyze the phospholipids of intact Escherichia coli. Upon recombination of the phospholipase A2 with the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, the phospholipase A2 regains its activity toward the phospholipids of intact E. coli suggesting that these two antibacterial leukocyte proteins act in concert.
Theory of Surface States (1965)

The properties of metal-to-semiconductor junctions and of free semiconductor surfaces are usually explained on the basis of surface states. The theory of the metal contacts is discussed critically, because strictly speaking localized surface states cannot exist in such junctions. However, it is shown that virtual or resonance surface states can exist which behave for practical purposes in the same way. They are really the tails of the metal wave functions rather than separate states. In the past, the length of this tail has often been ignored. Some estimates of its length are made and its consequences pointed out. A semiquantitative discussion is given of various recent data, including the effect of an oxide layer on barrier height, the variation of barrier height with the metal, the work function of a free surface at high doping, and the effect of a cesium layer on the work function.
High power‐pulsed Nd:YAG laser as a new stimulus to induce BMP‐2 expression in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts (2010)

The present in vitro findings demonstrate that high-power, low-level Nd:YAG laser increased osteoblast activity, very efficiently accelerating mineral deposition. Osteoinductive effect of laser is likely mediated by activation of BMP-2-related signaling pathway.
SODIUM RETENTION WITH HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE AND ITS SUBFRACTIONS*† (1961)

The administration of 10 mg. of human growth hormone within four hours produced a mean retention of approximately 30 mEq. of sodium and potassium per twenty-four hours in 3 of 5 normal subjects receiving a constant dietary intake; there was no change in urinary aldosterone. In 2 there was slight retention—without the rise in aldosterone that was found in a more prolonged study. Urinary sodium decreased after administration of human growth hormone in 2 patients with primary aldosteronism who had been refractory to daily intramuscular injections of 20 mg. of desoxycorticosterone acetate for four days. The magnitude of sodium retention was increased in primary aldosteronism, possibly because of the potassium-depleted state. Sodium retention was also observed in a bilaterally adrenalectomized subject after human growth hormone was administered. Results indicate that sodium retention with human growth hormone in man is independent of aldosterone secretion.
Hyperoxic exposure alters gene expression in the lung (1989)

Exposure to high concentrations of oxygen can result in tissue damage, particularly in the lung. Lung pathology induced by hyperoxia includes changes in lung cell populations and morphology. Presumably, alterations in gene expression underlie some of these cellular changes. In order to better understand the molecular basis of these events, a cDNA library was constructed from the mRNA of the lungs of a hyperoxia-exposed rabbit and differentially screened for clones corresponding to hyperoxia-induced messages. This approach has led to the isolation of four clones, three of which are presented in this communication. One clone corresponds to a message whose steady state levels were induced 6-fold and encodes the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, a protein that plays a key role in the regulation of connective tissue turnover in some cells and potentiates erythroid development in others.
Zero knowledge proofs of identity (1987)

In this paper we extend the notion of zero knowledge proofs of membership (which reveal one bit of information) to zero knowledge proofs of knowledge (which reveal no information whatsoever). After formally defining this notion, we show its relevance to identification schemes, in which parties prove their identity by demonstrating their knowledge rather than by proving the validity of assertions. We describe a novel scheme which is provably secure if factoring is difficult and whose practical implementations are about two orders of magnitude faster than RSA-based identification schemes. In the last part of the paper we consider the question of sequential versus parallel executions of zero knowledge protocols, define a new notion of “transferable information”, and prove that the parallel version of our identification scheme (which is not known to be zero knowledge) is secure since it reveals no transferable information.
Review article: dual delayed release formulation of dexlansoprazole MR, a novel approach to overcome the limitations of conventional single release proton pump inhibitor therapy (2009)

Novel drug delivery platforms, including the dexlansoprazole MR DDR formulation, may improve acid suppression and offer benefits over conventional single release PPI formulations.
Isolation and Preliminary Characterization of Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Influenza Virus (1972)

Isolation of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants was attempted from the WSN strain of influenza A virus which was grown and assayed in MDBK cells. After growth of wild-type virus in the presence of 5-fluorouracil, 15 ts mutants were selected for which the ratio of plaquing efficiency at 39.5 C to that at 33 C was 10(-3) or less. In pairwise crosses of ts mutants, recombination and complementation were either very efficient or undetectable. It is suggested, therefore, that the viral genome consists of physically discrete units and recombination occurs as an exchange of these units. All 15 mutants have been assigned with certainty into five recombination groups. Three mutants are suspected to be double mutants. Any two complementing mutants always recombined with each other, and noncomplementing mutants did not recombine. In physiological tests, mutants showed diverse patterns of functional defects at the nonpermissive temperature. However, it was not always possible to correlate these physiological defects with the results of genetic characterization.
Inhibition of eosinophil cyclic nucleotide PDE activity and opsonised zymosan‐stimulated respiratory burst by ‘type IV’‐selective PDE inhibitors (1991)

1. The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) of guinea-pig eosinophils was partially characterized and the effects of selective inhibitors of PDE isoenzymes upon opsonized zymosan (OZ)-stimulated respiratory burst were studied. 2. PDE activity in eosinophil lysates appeared to be membrane-associated, displayed substrate specificity for adenosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) versus guanosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and was insensitive to cyclic GMP or Ca2+ and calmodulin. 3. The non-selective PDE inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of both OZ-stimulated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation and cyclic AMP hydrolysis. The type IV-selective PDE inhibitors, rolipram and denbufylline, also inhibited H2O2 generation and cyclic AMP hydrolysis in a concentration-dependent manner whilst SK&F 94120 and Org 9935 (type III-selective) and zaprinast (type Ia or V-selective) were ineffective. 4. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, a cell-permeable, non-hydrolysable analogue of cyclic AMP, caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of H2O2 generation stimulated by OZ. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP was ineffective. 5. It is concluded that eosinophil respiratory burst activity induced by OZ can be regulated by intracellular cyclic AMP and that the levels of cyclic AMP are controlled exclusively by a rolipram- and denbufylline-sensitive PDE isoenzyme that resembles a type IV species.
Prognostic Value of Combined Aquaporin 3 and Aquaporin 5 Overexpression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2013)

Our data suggest for the first time that the aberrant expression of AQP3 and AQP5 proteins may be strongly related to tumor progression and prognosis in patients with HCC. The overexpression of AQP3 in combination with upregulation of AQP5 may be an unfavorable prognostic factor for HCC.
Ordered structure in mixtures of a block copolymer and homopolymers. 1. Solubilization of low molecular weight homopolymers (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrdered structure in mixtures of a block copolymer and homopolymers. 1. Solubilization of low molecular weight homopolymersHideaki Tanaka, Hirokazu Hasegawa, and Takeji HashimotoCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 1, 240–251Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00001a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00001a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2236Altmetric-Citations370LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A trichromatic phosphor-free white light-emitting diode by using adhesive bonding scheme (2009)

A trichromatic phosphor-free white light-emitting diode (LED) has been implemented by using adhesive bonding scheme. The device has been operated as a three-terminal device with independent electrical control of an AlGaInPbased red LED chip and a GaN-based dual-wavelength (blue and green) LED chip. As 25mA and 60mA was injected into the red and blue-green LED chips at room temperature respectively, white light emission could be observed with CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.3330,0.3241), correlated color temperature Tc=5467K and optical power &#934;e=2.223mW. The electroluminescence measurements also show that the emitted white light is composed of blue, green and red lights, centered at around 452nm, 517nm and 632nm. The fabrication and the electrical and optical performances of such white LED were described.
A network control architecture for bandwidth management (2003)

The authors discuss the network control aspects for a comprehensive operations system and network architecture that enables local exchange companies to provide bandwidth management. This architecture establishes end-to-end DS1 or DS3 connections within minutes and gives the ability to restore service when network failures occur. These capabilities are provided by coupling integrated operations system support with the cross-connect capabilities and remote programmability of SONET equipment, such as add/drop multiplexers and digital cross-connect systems. The focus is on several attributes of this architecture, including network architecture and control, network element communications, routing and assignment algorithms, and survivability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of polymeric surface acoustic wave sensor coatings and semiempirical models of sensor responses to organic vapors (1993)

Responses from an array of four polymer-coated surface acoustic wave sensors exposed to a series of 39 organic vapors were used to investigate sensor response models based on vapor boiling point, solubility parameters, and solvation parameters in conjunction with linear solvation energy relationships. As part of this effort, sensor response data were used to estimate the solubility parameters and solvation parameters of the sensor coatings by adaptation of methods originally developed for use with gas-liquid chromatographic retention data. Values of these parameters were found to be consistent with the structures of the coatings though in some cases different from those determined by other methods. Discrepancies were attributed to differences in the conditions used for the determinations. Sensor responses were linear over the concentration ranges examined and could be summarized using the empirically determined partition coefficient, Ke, for each vapor-coating pair. Linear correlations were found between log Ke and vapor boiling point, and the slopes of the regressions lines were similar to those expected for ideal behavior. The strength of the correlations decreased with increasing coating polarity, and it was necessary to divide the vapors into two or three broad chemical classes in order to obtain satisfactory results. Improved correlations were found by use of Hildebrand solubility parameters in a model based on regular solution theory which attempts to account for nonideal vapor-coating interactions. The use of solvation parameters in linear solvation energy relationships, however, provided the strongest correlations, with modeled K values falling within a factor of 2 of experimental values in all cases and within +/- 25% of experimental values in 83% of the cases. Application of these models to the prediction of sensor array response patterns appears promising.
Antibody variable region binding by Staphylococcal protein A: Thermodynamic analysis and location of the Fv binding site on E‐domain (1999)

Immunoglobulins of human heavy chain subgroup III have a binding site for Staphylococcal protein A on the heavy chain variable domain (V(H)), in addition to the well-known binding site on the Fc portion of the antibody. Thermodynamic characterization of this binding event and localization of the Fv-binding site on a domain of protein A is described. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to characterize the interaction between protein A or fragments of protein A and variants of the hu4D5 antibody Fab fragment. Analysis of binding isotherms obtained for titration of hu4D5 Fab with intact protein A suggests that 3-4 of the five immunoglobulin binding domains of full length protein A can bind simultaneously to Fab with a Ka of 5.5+/-0.5 x 10(5) M(-1). A synthetic single immunoglobulin binding domain, Z-domain, does not bind appreciably to hu4D5 Fab, but both the E and D domains are functional for hu4D5 Fab binding. Thermodynamic parameters for titration of the E-domain with hu4D5 Fab are n = 1.0+/-0.1, Ka = 2.0+/-0.3 x 10(5) M(-1), and deltaH = -7.1+/-0.4 kcal mol(-1). Similar binding thermodynamics are obtained for titration of the isolated V(H) domain with E-domain indicating that the E-domain binding site on Fab resides within V(H). E-domain binding to an IgG1 Fc yields a higher affinity interaction with thermodynamic parameters n = 2.2+/-0.1, Ka > 1.0 x 10(7) M(-1), and deltaH = -24.6+/-0.6 kcal mol(-1). Fc does not compete with Fab for binding to E-domain indicating that the two antibody fragments bind to different sites. Amide 1H and 15N resonances that undergo large changes in NMR chemical shift upon Fv binding map to a surface defined by helix-2 and helix-3 of E-domain, distinct from the Fc-binding site observed in the crystal structure of the B-domain/Fc complex. The Fv-binding region contains negatively charged residues and a small hydrophobic patch which complements the basic surface of the region of the V(H) domain implicated previously in protein A binding.
Plasma Selenium-dependent Glutathione Peroxidase (1989)

Human plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) has been shown to be a glycosylated selenoprotein distinct enzymatically, structurally, and antigenically from known cellular glutathione peroxidases. The extracellular location of the enzyme and the fact that it is glycosylated suggested that it is a secreted protein. Utilizing mutually non-cross-reactive antibodies to human cellular and plasma GSHPx, we conducted a search to determine the tissue of origin for plasma GSHPx. The cells screened were endothelial cells because they are the main source of extracellular superoxide dismutase, HL-60 cells (myeloid cell line) because they are the main source of extracellular H2O2, and Hep G2 cells (hepatic cell line) because they are the source of many plasma proteins. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were metabolically labeled with either [35S]methionine or [75Se]selenious acid, and HL-60 cells and Hep G2 cells were metabolically labeled with [75Se]selenious acid. Proteins were immunopurified from the labeled cells and their media with either anti-red blood cell (RBC) GSHPx IgG or with anti-plasma GSHPx IgG. Utilizing anti-RBC GSHPx IgG, only the cellular form of the enzyme was precipitated from all the cells tested but not from their media. When anti-plasma GSHPx IgG was applied to the cells and their media, a selenoprotein was precipitated only from the media of Hep G2 cells. When Hep G2 cells were incubated in the presence of the carboxylic ionophore monensin, an intracellular selenoprotein could be detected using anti-plasma GSHPx IgG. The precipitation of the cellular form from all three cell types was partially inhibited by preincubation of the anti-RBC GSHPx IgG with purified RBC GSHPx while the precipitation of the selenoprotein from the medium of Hep G2 cells by anti-plasma GSHPx IgG was prevented by preincubation of the antibody with purified plasma GSHPx. We suggest that plasma GSHPx is synthesized by and secreted from hepatic cells. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the only known selenoprotein with a defined function that has been shown to be synthesized for secretion by mammalian cells.
The DiskusTM: a review of its position among dry powder inhaler devices (2007)

The use of dry powder inhalers (DPIs) to administer treatments for respiratory diseases has increased significantly in recent years. There is now a wide range of DPIs available that vary considerably in design, required operational techniques, output characteristics and drug delivery across a range of inhalation patterns. Different patient populations may find individual types of DPI easier to use correctly than others and selecting the right DPI for particular patient requirements will improve compliance with therapy. For example, some DPIs offer a greater resistance against inspirational flow rate than others which affects the total emitted dose and also fine particle mass of the aerosol released. An individual patient may therefore receive different amounts of drug when inhaling from different DPIs. Therefore, it is important that the prescriber is fully aware of the characteristics of the different types of DPI, so that he or she can prescribe the device that is most appropriate to an individual patient's needs. This review explores the characteristics of currently available DPIs and evaluates their efficacy and patient acceptability. The differences in output characteristics, ease of use and patient preferences between available devices is shown to affect treatment efficacy and patient compliance with therapy. Changing the DPI prescribed to a patient to a cheaper or generic device may therefore adversely affect disease control and thereby increase the cost of treatment.
Dendritic cells and the replication of HIV-1 (1996)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a distinct lineage of white cells that arise from CD34+ progenitors in the bone marrow. DCs exhibit many specializations that lead to efficient antigen capture and presentation to T cells, both CD4+ helpers and CD8+ killers. In several human tissues, DCs express the CD4 receptor for HIV-1. Some early reports described the explosive infection of blood-derived DCs by HIV-1 and a severe compromise of their presenting function. In contrast, other studies described active HIV-1 replication when DCs were interacting with CD4+ T cells. This productive infection could begin with a low viral burden in DCs but required that the DCs retain their normal binding and stimulatory function for T cells. In this review we first summarize those features of the DC system that seem pertinent to HIV-1 infection. Then we consider the current literature on the interaction of HIV-1 with DCs, from several different tissues, in HIV-1-infected patients or following challenge with HIV-1 in vitro. The literature leads to the hypothesis that HIV-1 infection is a battleground in which DCs could be leading both of the armies, the aggressor that promotes HIV-1 replication from relatively small numbers of infected cells and the defender that mediates T cell-dependent resistance.
Characterization of an acyl-coenzyme A binding protein predominantly expressed in human primitive progenitor cells (2008)

Human acyl-coenzyme A binding domain-containing member 6 (ACBD6) is a modular protein that carries an acyl-CoA binding domain at its N terminus and two ankyrin motifs at its C terminus. ACBD6 binds long-chain acyl-CoAs with a strong preference for unsaturated, C18:1-CoA and C20:4-CoA, over saturated, C16:0-CoA, acyl species. Deletion of the C terminus, which is not conserved among the members of this family, did not affect the binding capacity or the substrate specificity of the protein. ACBD6 is not a ubiquitous protein, and its expression is restricted to tissues and progenitor cells with functions in blood and vessel development. ACBD6 was detected in bone marrow, spleen, placenta, cord blood, circulating CD34+ progenitors, and embryonic-like stem cells derived from placenta. In placenta, the protein was only detected in CD34+ progenitor cells present in blood and in CD31+ endothelial cells surrounding the blood vessels. These cells were also positive for the marker CD133, and they probably constitute hemangiogenic stem cells, precursors of both blood and vessels. We propose that human ACBD6 represents a cellular marker for primitive progenitor cells with functions in hematopoiesis and vascular endothelium development.