gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Ideal Broth Formulations Needed to Prepare Hydrous Hafnium Oxide Microspheres via the Internal Gelation Process (2009)

A simple test-tube methodology was used to determine optimum process parameters for preparing hydrous hafnium oxide microspheres by the internal gelation process. Broth formulations of hafnyl chloride [HfOCl{sub 2}], hexamethylenetetramine, and urea were found that can be used to prepare hydrous hafnium oxide gel spheres in the temperature range of 70-90 C. A few gel-forming runs were made in which microspheres were prepared with some of these formulations in order to equate the test-tube gelation times with actual gelation times. These preparations confirmed that the test-tube methodology is reliable for determining the ideal broths.
Genetic Analysis of Type E Botulinum Toxin-Producing Clostridium butyricum Strains (2000)

Type E botulinum toxin (BoNT/E)-producing Clostridium butyricum strains isolated from botulism cases or soil specimens in Italy and China were analyzed by using nucleotide sequencing of the bont/E gene, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and Southern blot hybridization for the bont/E gene. Nucleotide sequences of the bont/E genes of 11 Chinese isolates and of the Italian strain BL 6340 were determined. The nucleotide sequences of the bont/E genes of 11 C. butyricum isolates from China were identical. The deduced amino acid sequence of BoNT/E from the Chinese isolates showed 95.0 and 96.9% identity with those of BoNT/E from C. butyricum BL 6340 and Clostridium botulinum type E, respectively. The BoNT/E-producing C. butyricum strains were divided into the following three clusters based on the results of RAPD assay, PFGE profiles of genomic DNA digested with SmaI or XhoI, and Southern blot hybridization: strains associated with infant botulism in Italy, strains associated with food-borne botulism in China, and isolates from soil specimens of the Weishan lake area in China. A DNA probe for the bont/E gene hybridized with the nondigested chromosomal DNA of all toxigenic strains tested, indicating chromosomal localization of the bont/E gene in C. butyricum. The present results suggest that BoNT/E-producing C. butyricum is clonally distributed over a vast area.
Células glandulares atípicas e câncer de colo uterino: revisão sistemática (2011)

Atypical glandular cells are a common finding in cervical cytology in cervical cancer screening and its occurrence has increased in the last decades. The identification of these cells is clinically very important due to its association with cervical and endometrial dysplasic lesions and cancer. Using a systematic approach, this article reviewed studies investigating cervical lesions that are characteristic in patients previously diagnosed as having atypical glandular cells. Studies in which diagnostic investigation did not include histopathological diagnosis were excluded. A comprehensive search for available material in LILACS, SciELO, PubMed/ Medline and Old Medline databases, dated between 1966 and 2009 was performed. Articles omitted by the electronic database search were also included. Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected. This report aims at evaluating whether atypical glandular cells, initially found in cervical cytology and subsequently identified at the histological analysis, are related to the presence of benign, pre-malignant and malignant lesions. Eleven out of 19 selected articles showed the highest correlation between atypical glandular cells with benign diseases and six with squamous pre-malignant lesions.
A Facile One-pot Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidines and Pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d‘]dipyrimidines (1999)

The reactions of enaminones (6-aminouracils) 1a–c and 4 with cyano olefins 2a–b and 5a–f led to the formation of pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidines. 3a–f and 6a–f in good yield, while the treatment of 4-amino-2-thiouracil 4 with aromatic aldehydes afforded pyridodipyrimidines 7a–c.
Requirement of a Novel Upstream Response Element in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced IL-8 Gene Expression (2000)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) produces intense pulmonary inflammation, in part, through its ability to induce chemokine synthesis in infected airway epithelial cells. In this study, we compare mechanisms for induction of the CXC chemokine IL-8, in human type II alveolar (A549) cells by RSV infection and by stimulation with the cytokine TNF. Promoter deletion and mutagenesis experiments indicate that although the region from -99 to -54 nt is sufficient for TNF-induced IL-8 transcription, this region alone is not sufficient for RSV-induced IL-8 transcription. Instead, RSV requires participation of a previously unrecognized element, spanning from -162 to -132 nt, that we term the RSV response element (RSVRE), and a previously characterized element at -132 to -99 nt, containing an AP-1 binding site. RSV infection of A549 cells induces increased RSVRE- and AP-1-binding activities and increased synthesis of IFN regulatory factor-1 protein, which is present in the RSVRE-binding complex. These data confirm that the IL-8 gene enhancers are controlled in a stimulus-specific fashion and participation of distinct promoter elements is required to activate gene transcription. These observations are important for rational design of inhibitors of RSV-induced lung inflammation.
Generation of High-Titer, Helper-Free Retroviruses by Transient Transfection (2003)

Retroviral gene transfer is presently one of the most powerful techniques for introducing stably heritable genetic material into mammalian cells (reviewed in ref. 1). One serious drawback of this technique, however, has been the difficulty in readily producing high-titer recombinant retroviruses. For many applications, such as infecting rare target cells or the majority of cells in tissue culture, the recombinant virus titer must be at least 10(6) infectious units/mL. Although one can usually obtain high-titer mixtures of recombinant and replication-competent retroviruses in a relatively short time, many applications such as cell marking studies or studying genes in vivo demand freedom from replication-competent virus.
The price of privacy and the limits of LP decoding (2007)

This work is at theintersection of two lines of research. One line, initiated by Dinurand Nissim, investigates the price, in accuracy, of protecting privacy in a statistical database. The second, growing from an extensive literature on compressed sensing (see in particular the work of Donoho and collaborators [4,7,13,11])and explicitly connected to error-correcting codes by Candès and Tao ([4]; see also [5,3]), is in the use of linearprogramming for error correction.
Studies in sugar chemistry. 2. A simple method for O-deacylation of polyacylated sugars (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in sugar chemistry. 2. A simple method for O-deacylation of polyacylated sugarsJacob Herzig, Abraham Nudelman, Hugo E. Gottlieb, and Bilha FischerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 5, 727–730Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00355a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00355a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1887Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanisms to suppress multipolar divisions in cancer cells with extra centrosomes (2008)

Multiple centrosomes in tumor cells create the potential for multipolar divisions that can lead to aneuploidy and cell death. Nevertheless, many cancer cells successfully divide because of mechanisms that suppress multipolar mitoses. A genome-wide RNAi screen in Drosophila S2 cells and a secondary analysis in cancer cells defined mechanisms that suppress multipolar mitoses. In addition to proteins that organize microtubules at the spindle poles, we identified novel roles for the spindle assembly checkpoint, cortical actin cytoskeleton, and cell adhesion. Using live cell imaging and fibronectin micropatterns, we found that interphase cell shape and adhesion pattern can determine the success of the subsequent mitosis in cells with extra centrosomes. These findings may identify cancer-selective therapeutic targets: HSET, a normally nonessential kinesin motor, was essential for the viability of certain extra centrosome-containing cancer cells. Thus, morphological features of cancer cells can be linked to unique genetic requirements for survival.
Protein Complexes of the Escherichia coli Cell Envelope (2005)

Protein complexes are an intrinsic aspect of life in the membrane. Knowing which proteins are assembled in these complexes is therefore essential to understanding protein function(s). Unfortunately, recent high throughput protein interaction studies have failed to deliver any significant information on proteins embedded in the membrane, and many membrane protein complexes remain ill defined. In this study, we have optimized the blue native-PAGE technique for the study of membrane protein complexes in the inner and outer membranes of Escherichia coli. In combination with second dimension SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry, we have been able to identify 43 distinct protein complexes. In addition to a number of well characterized complexes, we have identified known and orphan proteins in novel oligomeric states. For two orphan proteins, YhcB and YjdB, our findings enable a tentative functional assignment. We propose that YhcB is a hitherto unidentified additional subunit of the cytochrome bd oxidase and that YjdB, which co-localizes with the ZipA protein, is involved in cell division. Our reference two-dimensional blue native-SDS-polyacrylamide gels will facilitate future studies of the assembly and composition of E. coli membrane protein complexes during different growth conditions and in different mutant backgrounds.
OFDM time and frequency synchronization by spread spectrum pilot technique (1999)

Correct time and frequency synchronization is important for the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) systems. We evaluate a system where a pseudonoise sequence (PN-sequence) is used for estimation of these synchronization parameters. The PN-sequence is superimposed on the OFDM signal. The system is evaluated by means of the variance of the frequency estimation error and the probability for correct timing synchronization. Both theoretical and simulated results are presented. The proposed technique is very flexible and works also at low signal to noise ratios. The frequency offset range has been significantly increased compared to conventional OFDM synchronizer schemes.
Low threshold, singly-resonant CW OPO pumped by an all-fiber pump source (2006)

An oscillation threshold of 780mW has been demonstrated in a singly-resonant, continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator (CW SRO) using a fiber-amplified, distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser as pump source. A linewidth of 1MHz was measured, and the idler frequency was fine-tuned by up to 130GHz by tuning the pump laser. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a single frequency CW SRO pumped by an all-fiber pump source, a reduction in threshold by a factor of three over previous 1- microm-pumped CW SROs, and a reduction by two orders of magnitude in the linewidth of CW SROs pumped by fiber pump sources.
FlowMenu (2000)

We present a new kind of marking menu that was developed for use with a pen device on display surfaces such as large, high resolution, wall-mounted displays. It integrates capabilities of previously separate mechanisms such as marking menus and Quikwriting, and facilitates the entry of multiple commands. While using this menu, the pen never has to leave the active surface so that consecutive menu selections, data entry (text and parameters) and direct manipulation tasks can be integrated fluidly.
Computational Analysis of Subthalamic Nucleus and Lenticular Fasciculus Activation During Therapeutic Deep Brain Stimulation (2006)

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is the most common target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with deep brain stimulation (DBS). DBS of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) is also effective in the treatment of PD. The output fibers of the GPi that form the lenticular fasciculus pass in close proximity to STN DBS electrodes. In turn, both STN projection neurons and GPi fibers of passage represent possible therapeutic targets of DBS in the STN region. We built a comprehensive computational model of STN DBS in parkinsonian macaques to study the effects of stimulation in a controlled environment. The model consisted of three fundamental components: 1) a three-dimensional (3D) anatomical model of the macaque basal ganglia, 2) a finite element model of the DBS electrode and electric field transmitted to the tissue medium, and 3) multicompartment biophysical models of STN projection neurons, GPi fibers of passage, and internal capsule fibers of passage. Populations of neurons were positioned within the 3D anatomical model. Neurons were stimulated with electrode positions and stimulation parameters defined as clinically effective in two parkinsonian monkeys. The model predicted axonal activation of STN neurons and GPi fibers during STN DBS. Model predictions regarding the degree of GPi fiber activation matched well with experimental recordings in both monkeys. Only axonal activation of the STN neurons showed a statistically significant increase in both monkeys when comparing clinically effective and ineffective stimulation. Nonetheless, both neural targets may play important roles in the therapeutic mechanisms of STN DBS.
Immunization with Bivalent Flagellin Protects Mice against FatalPseudomonas aeruginosaPneumonia (2017)

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> lung infections present a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide because they are commonly associated with high morbidity and mortality. Here, we demonstrate the protective efficacy of type a and b flagellins (bivalent flagellin) against acute fatal pneumonia in mice. Mice immunized intranasally with a bivalent flagellin vaccine were challenged by different flagellated strains of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in an acute pneumonia model. Besides the protective effect of the vaccine, we further measured the host innate and cellular immunity responses. The immunized mice in our study were protected against both strains. Remarkably, active immunization with type a or b flagellin significantly improved survival of mice against heterologous strain compared to flagellin a or b antisera. We also showed that after an intranasal challenge by <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strain, neutrophils are recruited to the airways of vaccinated mice, and that the bivalent flagellin vaccine was proved to be protective by the generated CD4<sup>+</sup>IL-17<sup>+</sup> Th17 cells. In conclusion, bivalent flagellin vaccine can confer protection against different strains of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in an acute pneumonia mouse model by eliciting effective cellular and humoral immune responses, including increased IL-17 production and improved opsonophagocytic killing.
[Comparative study of two methods for the extraction of yolk IgG]. (1990)

Extraction of specific IgG antibodies from egg yolks of immunized hens is a convenient and economical approach to the production of diagnostic antibody reagents. In this study, two methods for the extraction of yolk IgG were constructed and compared. That either method could extract at least 15 mg of yolk IgG preparation from 1 ml of egg yolk of hyperimmunized hens clearly indicates that both methods are reliable and efficient. Yolk IgG preparations obtained by method II were purer and possessed higher antibody activity than the yolk IgG preparations produced by method I, so method II is superior to method I. Nevertheless, the yolk IgG preparations produced by method I and method II contained 22% and 16% unrelated proteins respectively. Therefore, these two methods should primarily be used for the rough extraction of hens yolk IgG antibodies. If yolk antibody reagents with higher purity are required, the yolk IgG preparations produced by both methods should be further purified.
Photonic pseudo-gap-based modification of photoluminescence from CdS nanocrystal satellites around polymer microspheres in a photonic crystal (2002)

We report the combination of microsphere self-organization to form a photonic crystal, providing spectrally and angularly dependent electromagnetic structural resonances; with nanocrystal growth in situ on microsphere surfaces, providing optical functionalization with spectral control achieved through the quantum size effect. We demonstrate this material system using CdS nanocrystals coating the surfaces of poly(methyl methacrylate)–poly(methacrylic acid) (PMMA–PMAA) micrometer spheres. The in situ synthesis of the CdS nanocrystals on the surface of the PMMA/PMAA microspheres preserves the propensity of the hybrid microspheres to form ordered colloid arrays. Luminescence from surface states ensures that light is emitted at energies significantly below the absorption edge of the emitting species. Transmission and photoluminescence measurements reveal the interaction of the photonic stop band with photoluminescence from the nanocrystals.
Charging behavior and thermal stability of porous and non-porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) electrets (2007)

In view of the high piezoelectric activity found on some cellular polymer electret films, polymeric space-charge electrets were studied more frequently during the last ten years. An alternative concept -between cellular electret materials and devices with non-porous electret films -are layer systems of porous and non-porous electret films. Such layer systems exhibit the typical properties of ferroelectrets. In the late nineties, there were several investigations on the charging behavior of porous FIFE, but the main research focus shifted to new cellular ferroelectrets such as polyolefins and polyesters. Today, the additional expertise with polymer ferroelectrets may help to study and better understand the charging behavior of porous PTFE films. In this contribution, maximum charging levels and thermal charge stabilities of porous PTFE films are analyzed. As expected, the charging behavior is strongly influenced by the porosity of the polymer film. Mechanisms that limit the maximum charging levels -such as breakdown-induced conduction -are identified. The thermal stability of trapped charges is tested, and the light emission during the dielectric-barrier discharges of the charging process is briefly described.
The Calcium Requirements of Laying Hens and Effects of Dietary Oyster Shell Upon Egg Shell Quality (1971)

IN 1962 the Subcommittee on Poultry Nutrition of the National Research Council (N.A.S.-N.R.C, 1962) revised its recommended calcium requirement for laying hens. A level of 2.75% was adopted as the new recommendation, based on the many reports indicating the need for more calcium than the 2.25% previously recommended. The 2.75% level of calcium also was recommended in the fifth revised edition of The Nutrient Requirements of Poultry (N.A.S.-N.R.C, 1966). However, Peterson et al. (1960) reported that a level of at least 3.4% was necessary for maximum egg shell quality. They also noted that environmental temperature had an important influence upon the required calcium level. Numerous other reports have provided evidence for a dietary calcium requirement greater than 2.75% for maximum shell quality (Hurwitz and Griminger, 1962; Harms and Waldroup, 1961; Reddy and Sanford, 1963). A deficiency of calcium is generally recognized to cause a decline in egg production and a…
Anatomy of the herpes simplex virus 1 strain F glycoprotein B gene: primary sequence and predicted protein structure of the wild type and of monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants (1985)

In this paper we report the nucleotide sequence and predicted amino acid sequence of glycoprotein B of herpes simplex virus 1 strain F and the amino acid substitutions in the domains of the glycoprotein B gene of three mutants selected for resistance to monoclonal antibody H126-5 or H233 but not to both. Analyses of the amino acid sequence with respect to hydropathicity and secondary structure yielded a two-dimensional model of the protein. The model predicts an N-terminal, 29-amino-acid cleavable signal sequence, a 696-amino-acid hydrophilic surface domain containing six potential sites for N-linked glycosylation, a 69-amino-acid hydrophobic domain containing three segments traversing the membrane, and a charged 109-amino-acid domain projecting into the cytoplasm and previously shown to marker rescue glycoprotein B syn mutations. The nucleotide sequence of the mutant glycoprotein B DNA fragments previously shown to marker transfer or rescue the mutations revealed that the amino acid substitutions cluster in the hydrophilic surface domain between amino acids 273 and 305. Analyses of the secondary structure of these regions, coupled with the experimentally derived observation that the H126-5- and H233-antibody cognitive sites do not overlap, indicate the approximate locations of the epitopes of these neutralizing, surface-reacting, and immune-precipitating monoclonal antibodies. The predicted perturbations in the secondary structure introduced by the amino acid substitutions correlate with the extent of loss of reactivity with monoclonal antibodies in various immunoassays.
Codon catalog usage and the genome hypothesis (1980)

Frequencies for each of the 61 amino acid codons have been determined in every published mRNA sequence of 50 or more codons. The frequencies are shown for each kind of genome and for each individual gene. A surprising consistency of choices exists among genes of the same or similar genomes. Thus each genome, or kind of genome, appears to possess a "system" for choosing between codons. Frameshift genes, however, have widely different choice strategies from normal genes. Our work indicates that the main factors distinguishing between mRNA sequences relate to choices among degenerate bases. These systematic third base choices can therefore be used to establish a new kind of genetic distance, which reflects differences in coding strategy. The choice patterns we find seem compatible with the idea that the genome and not the individual gene is the unit of selection. Each gene in a genome tends to conform to its species' usage of the codon catalog; this is our genome hypothesis.