gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sphinx-4: a flexible open source framework for speech recognition (2004)

Sphinx-4 is a flexible, modular and pluggable framework to help foster new innovations in the core research of hidden Markov model (HMM) speech recognition systems. The design of Sphinx-4 is based on patterns that have emerged from the design of past systems as well as new requirements based on areas that researchers currently want to explore. To exercise this framework, and to provide researchers with a “researchready” system, Sphinx-4 also includes several implementations of both simple and state-of-the-art techniques. The framework and the implementations are all freely available via open source.
Antipsychotics in the treatment of mood disorders and risk of tardive dyskinesia. (2000)

Psychosis occurs commonly in patients with mood disorders and has traditionally been treated with typical antipsychotics. Exposure to typical antipsychotics poses a risk for the emergence of tardive dyskinesia. Atypical antipsychotics may have advantages over typical agents in the treatment of patients with mood disorders complicated by psychotic features. The studies of typical and atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of mood disorders were reviewed. Similarly, studies regarding the risk of tardive dyskinesia from typical and atypical agents in patients with mood disorders were surveyed. Typical and atypical antipsychotics appear to be comparably effective in the treatment of acute mania. Limited data regarding these medications in psychotic depression are available. Advantages of atypical antipsychotics include, for most agents, minimal extrapyramidal and prolactin effects, inherent thymoleptic activity, and lower rates of tardive dyskinesia. Atypical antipsychotics appear to have a number of advantages over typical agents in the treatment of patients with psychotic mood disorders.
Managing geometric complexity with enhanced procedural models (1986)

We illustrate two enhancements to procedural geometric models which allow autonomous procedures to jointly satisfy mutual constraints. One of the techniques adds communications paths between procedures which may affect one another. Conflicts are resolved by modifying communicating procedures as they execute.The second technique is a generalization of widely used subdivision procedures. The termination test of typical subdivision methods is replaced with a "transition" test. The subdivision procedure is augmented with a "script" in the form of a state transition table which controls the procedures' response to external events as well as to the normal termination conditions.In the examples we show how effective these techniques are building complex geometric models with very sparse input.
The Intermediate Filament Nestin is Highly Expressed in Normal Human Podocytes and Podocytes in Glomerular Disease (2007)

The intermediate protein nestin is expressed in proliferating embryonic tissues and adult tissues undergoing repair. Recently this protein been identified in rodent podocytes. Its role in this cell is unknown, since podocytes are believed to be terminally differentiated and nondividing. We report the first study of nestin in human kidney. Nestin expression in normal mature human glomeruli was confined to podocytes. In developing kidney, nestin was detected in metanephric blastema and in podocytic cells at all stages of glomerular development. Nestin co-localized with vimentin but not with actin or heavy chain myosin IIA, using a mouse podocyte cell line. Knockdown of nestin in a murine podocyte cell line failed to produce any obvious phenotypic change or alteration in vimentin distribution but was associated with increased cell cycling. A survey of glomerular diseases failed to identify any condition lacking nestin, indicating that the protein is critical for some aspect of podocyte function. Perhaps through an association with vimentin, nestin serves to bolster the mechanical strength of these cells that experience high tensile stress during glomerular filtration. Nestin was also expressed in podocytes that are reported to be 'dysregulated' (lacking podocyte markers). Thus, nestin has a potential as a reliable podocyte marker, even for podocytes that are not completely differentiated (for example, during development) or 'dedifferentiated' in glomerular disease.
Interface reactions to PEO/PBT copolymers (polyactive®)after implantation in cortical bone (1994)

The bone reaction at the interface of a range of PEO/PBT copolymers (Polyactive) after press-fit implantation in the diaphyseal femur of 20 goats was investigated. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 4, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. Undecalcified histologic sections were prepared, evaluated qualitatively, and quantified with the aid of an image analysis system. The percentage of bone contact was determined morphometrically for all PEO/PBT proportions; for the 70/30 ratio, the percentage of calcification of the material surface and of bone-bonding (defined as a continuum at the light microscopic level between calcification within the material surface and bone tissue) were also assessed. PEO/PBT copolymers possess hydrogelic properties, and a direct relation has been established between water-uptake and PEO content. The swelling behavior of all PEO/PBT substrates resulted in a high degree of bone contact (over 95%) at early stages. From the 12-week survival time onward the 70/30 revealed higher percentages of bone contact (over 80%) when compared with the other ratios (60/40, 55/45, 40/60, and 30/70). This difference was statistically confirmed 1 year postoperatively. The materials with the higher PEO contents showed the highest amounts of calcification, which is reflected by the rate of bone-bonding (70% of bone-bonding for the 70/30 at 52 weeks). Calcification and bone-bonding were not observed for 40/60 and 30/70 proportions. The quantitative results confirmed the relation between PEO content, water-uptake, calcification, and bone-bonding. It was furthermore demonstrated that PEO/PBT copolymers initially establish a high degree of bone contact, whereas the bone-bonding properties, especially of the 70/30, accomplish a long-term implant fixation.
Photochemical and photophysical studies of organic molecules included within zeolites (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical and photophysical studies of organic molecules included within zeolitesV. Ramamurthy, D. F. Eaton, and J. V. CasparCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 25, 7, 299–307Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00019a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00019a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views607Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Formation of insulin-producing cells from pancreatic acinar AR42J cells by hepatocyte growth factor. (1996)

Pancreatic AR42J cells are derived from acinar cells and express both exocrine and neuroendocrine properties. We have recently shown that these cells convert into insulin-producing cells in vitro after treatment with activin A and betacellulin. Here, we investigated the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in those cells. When AR42J cells were incubated with HGF, DNA synthesis was attenuated, and the amylase content was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. HGF-treated cells extended processes, but bundle formation was not observed using an antibody against tubulin. Reverse both insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were expressed in HGF-treated, but not naive, AR42J cells. Immunocytochemical analysis indicated that approximately 3% of the HGF-treated cells were stained with antiinsulin antibody, and some were also stained with anti-PP antibody. When AR42J cells were exposed to a combination of activin A and HGF, cells extended longer processes, and over 10% of them were stained with antiinsulin antibody. In these cells, messenger RNAs for insulin, PP, glucose transporter 2, and glucokinase, but not those for glucagon or somatostatin, were expressed. A subclone of AR42J cells, AR42J-B13, was obtained. Most of the AR42J-B13 cells converted to insulin-producing cells after the incubation with activin A and HGF. Insulin secretion was augmented by tolbutamide, depolarizing concentrations of potassium, carbachol, and glucagon-like peptide-1 in these cells. These results indicate that HGF reduces the acinar cell-like property of AR42J cells and converts them into insulin-producing cells. The effect of HGF was markedly enhanced by activin A.
TNF-α-Induced microRNAs Control Dystrophin Expression in Becker Muscular Dystrophy (2015)

The amount and distribution of dystrophin protein in myofibers and muscle is highly variable in Becker muscular dystrophy and in exon-skipping trials for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Here, we investigate a molecular basis for this variability. In muscle from Becker patients sharing the same exon 45-47 in-frame deletion, dystrophin levels negatively correlate with microRNAs predicted to target dystrophin. Seven microRNAs inhibit dystrophin expression in vitro, and three are validated in vivo (miR-146b/miR-374a/miR-31). microRNAs are expressed in dystrophic myofibers and increase with age and disease severity. In exon-skipping-treated mdx mice, microRNAs are significantly higher in muscles with low dystrophin rescue. TNF-α increases microRNA levels in vitro whereas NFκB inhibition blocks this in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these data show that microRNAs contribute to variable dystrophin levels in muscular dystrophy. Our findings suggest a model where chronic inflammation in distinct microenvironments induces pathological microRNAs, initiating a self-sustaining feedback loop that exacerbates disease progression.
The comparative roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids in pig neonatal development (1999)

The present review focuses on the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) provision for the normal development of the pig neonate. The review describes first the selected fatty acid composition of a range of porcine tissues including nervous tissues, muscle and adipose tissues, reproductive organs and immune-responsive organs and/or cells. The importance of PUFA to the functioning of the immune system of the neonate is considered briefly and is followed by an in-depth consideration of the sources of PUFA for the neonatal pig. The effects of different categories or specific types of fatty acid (i.e. non-essential, linoleic, α-linolenic, long-chain n -6 and n -3 PUFA) on various indices of pig neonatal growth are reviewed. The importance of n -3 PUFA supply to the fetal and early neonatal pig is underlined and evidence is presented for more attention to be given to the amounts available from maternal sources. Based on the material reviewed, recommendations are made on the dietary intake of PUFA in the gestating pig.
Methyl protogracillin (NSC-698792): the spectrum of cytotoxicity against 60 human cancer cell lines in the National Cancer Instituteʼs anticancer drug screen panel (2001)

Methyl protogracillin (NSC-698792) was a furostanol saponin isolated from the rhizome of Dioscorea collettii var. hypoglauca (Dioscoreaceae), a Chinese herbal remedy for the treatment of cervical carcinoma, carcinoma of urinary bladder and renal tumor for centuries, in our previous studies. In order to systematically evaluate its potential anticancer activity, methyl protogracillin was tested for its cytotoxicity in vitro against 60 human cancer cell lines in the National Cancer Institute (NCI)'s anticancer drug screen. As a result, it was found that methyl protogracillin was cytotoxic against all the tested cell lines from leukemia and solid tumors in the NCI's human cancer panel; it showed particular selectivity against one colon cancer line (KM12), one central nervous system (CNS) cancer line (U251), two melanoma lines (MALME-3M and M14), two renal cancer lines (786-0 and UO-31) and one breast cancer line (MDA-MB-231) with GI50< or =2.0 microM. The selectivity between these seven most sensitive lines and the least sensitive line (CCRF-CEM) ranged from 26- to 56-fold. In the same cancer subpanel, selectivity more than 15-fold was observed between MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, NCI-ADR-RES, BT-549 in breast cancer. From a general view of the mean graph, CNS cancer is the most sensitive subpanel, while ovarian cancer and renal cancer are the least sensitive subpanels. Based on an analysis of the COMPARE computer program with methyl protogracillin as a seed compound, no compounds in the NCI's anticancer drug screen database have similar cytotoxicity patterns (mean graph) to that of methyl protogracillin, indicating a potential novel mechanism of the anticancer action involved.
Biological Activity of the Spinosyns, New Fermentation Derived Insect Control Agents, on Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae (1998)

Journal Article Biological Activity of the Spinosyns, New Fermentation Derived Insect Control Agents, on Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Get access Thomas C. Sparks, Thomas C. Sparks Dow AgroSciences, Discovery and Field Research, Indianapolis, IN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gary D. Thompson, Gary D. Thompson Dow AgroSciences, Discovery and Field Research, Indianapolis, IN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Herbert A. Kirst, Herbert A. Kirst 1 Dow AgroSciences, Discovery and Field Research, Indianapolis, IN 1Elanco Animal Health Research and Development, Greenfield, IN. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark B. Hertlein, Mark B. Hertlein Dow AgroSciences, Discovery and Field Research, Indianapolis, IN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Larry L. Larson, Larry L. Larson Dow AgroSciences, Discovery and Field Research, Indianapolis, IN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas V. Worden, Thomas V. Worden Dow AgroSciences, Discovery and Field Research, Indianapolis, IN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stephen T. Thibault Stephen T. Thibault Dow AgroSciences, Discovery and Field Research, Indianapolis, IN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 91, Issue 6, 1 December 1998, Pages 1277–1283, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/91.6.1277 Published: 01 December 1998
Biocatalysis as a Rational Approach to Enantiodivergent Synthesis of Highly Oxygenated Compounds: (+)‐ and (—)‐Pinitol and Other Cyclitols (1991)

Abstract Bacterial oxygenation of halogenated aromatic compounds yields arene cis ‐diols of type 2 of high enantiomeric purity. Further oxygenation of these extremely versatile synthetic intermediates provides for stereo‐ and regioselective introduction of additional functionalities such as hydroxyl groups. Several rational methods of oxygenation (epoxidation, osmylation, singlet oxygen addition, and ozonolysis) are used to produce, in short synthetic routes, cyclitol derivatives of medicinal importance. Proper symmetry considerations lead to the development of enantiodivergent synthetic design of target compounds from a single enantiomer of a starting diol. These principles are illustrated on the short syntheses of (+)‐ and (‐)‐pinitol. Stereocontrolled oxidative transformation of diols of type 2 are exemplified in the synthesis of conduritol C and dihydroconduritol C. Full experimental details are provided for all compounds. A guide to the stereorational design of any stereoisomer of cyclohexane (poly)ols or carbohydrates is provided at the end of the paper.
EphA4 (Sek1) receptor tyrosine kinase is required for the development of the corticospinal tract (1998)

Members of the Eph family of tyrosine kinase receptors have been implicated in the regulation of developmental processes and, in particular, axon guidance in the developing nervous system. The function of the EphA4 (Sek1) receptor was explored through creation of a null mutant mouse. Mice with a null mutation in the EphA4 gene are viable and fertile but have a gross motor dysfunction, which is evidenced by a loss of coordination of limb movement and a resultant hopping, kangaroo-like gait. Consistent with the observed phenotype, anatomical studies and anterograde tracing experiments reveal major disruptions of the corticospinal tract within the medulla and spinal cord in the null mutant animals. These results demonstrate a critical role for EphA4 in establishing the corticospinal projection.
PERK–Dependent Regulation of Ceramide Synthase 6 and Thioredoxin Play a Key Role in mda -7/IL-24–Induced Killing of Primary Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells (2010)

Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7(mda-7) encodes IL-24, a cytokine that can selectively trigger apoptosis in transformed cells. Recombinant mda-7 adenovirus (Ad.mda-7) effectively kills glioma cells, offering a novel gene therapy strategy to address deadly brain tumors. In this study, we defined the proximal mechanisms by which Ad-mda-7 kills glioma cells. Key factors implicated included activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress kinase protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), Ca(++) elevation, ceramide generation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. PERK inhibition blocked ceramide or dihydroceramide generation, which were critical for Ca(++) induction and subsequent ROS formation. Activation of autophagy and cell death relied upon ROS formation, the inhibition of which ablated Ad.mda-7-killing activity. In contrast, inhibiting TRX induced by Ad.MDA-7 enhanced tumor cytotoxicity and improved animal survival in an orthotopic tumor model. Our findings indicate that mda-7/IL-24 induces an endoplasmic reticulum stress response that triggers production of ceramide, Ca(2+), and ROS, which in turn promote glioma cell autophagy and cell death.
Histamine, mast cells, and the enteric nervous system in the irritable bowel syndrome, enteritis, and food allergies (2006)

There is altered expression of histamine H1 and H2 receptor subtypes in mucosal biopsies from the terminal ileum and large intestine of patients with symptoms of food allergy and/or irritable bowel syndrome
Models for metasearch (2001)

Given the ranked lists of documents returned by multiple search engines in response to a given query, the problem ofmetasearchis to combine these lists in a way which optimizes the performance of the combination. This paper makes three contributions to the problem of metasearch: (1) We describe and investigate a metasearch model based on an optimal democratic voting procedure, the Borda Count; (2) we describe and investigate a metasearch model based on Bayesian inference; and (3) we describe and investigate a model for obtaining upper bounds on the performance of metasearch algorithms. Our experimental results show that metasearch algorithms based on the Borda and Bayesian models usually outperform the best input system and are competitive with, and often outperform, existing metasearch strategies. Finally, our initial upper bounds demonstrate that there is much to learn about the limits of the performance of metasearch.
Ferroelectricity in Simple Binary ZrO2 and HfO2 (2012)

The transition metal oxides ZrO(2) and HfO(2) as well as their solid solution are widely researched and, like most binary oxides, are expected to exhibit centrosymmetric crystal structure and therewith linear dielectric characteristics. For this reason, those oxides, even though successfully introduced into microelectronics, were never considered to be more than simple dielectrics possessing limited functionality. Here we report the discovery of a field-driven ferroelectric phase transition in pure, sub 10 nm ZrO(2) thin films and a composition- and temperature-dependent transition to a stable ferroelectric phase in the HfO(2)-ZrO(2) mixed oxide. These unusual findings are attributed to a size-driven tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition that in thin films, similar to the anticipated tetragonal to monoclinic transition, is lowered to room temperature. A structural investigation revealed the orthorhombic phase to be of space group Pbc2(1), whose noncentrosymmetric nature is deemed responsible for the spontaneous polarization in this novel, nanoscale ferroelectrics.
Mesenchymal Differentiation and Organ Distribution of Established Human Stromal Cell Lines in NOD/SCID Mice (2001)

Two human stromal cell lines were established previously from bone marrow-derived primary long-term cultures by immortalization using the SV40 large T antigen and cellular cloning. After irradiation, the fibroblast-like cell lines L87/4 and L88/5 support hematopoietic differentiation of allogeneic cord blood cells in vitro. The stromal cells do not express CD34 and CD50, but some adhesion molecules and integrins, such as CD44, CD54 and CD58. Their expression profiles on RNA and protein levels are suggestive of their osteogenic potency. The quality and quantity of osteocalcin and osteopontin protein expression depended on the culture conditions. Expression of the osteogenic markers increased over time in culture, especially in cells growing in clusters. The stromal cells also expressed collagens I and V, but did not show any expression of collagens II and III. The potentially osteoblastic stromal cells were transplanted into NOD/ SCID recipient mice by intravenous injection and were found in various mesenchymal organs up to 10 weeks after transplantation. Osteocalcin-positive human stromal cells could be detected in the bone marrow, thymus, liver, brain and gut of the recipient animals. In summary, there is evidence that human bone-marrow-derived stromal cells have to be considered mesenchymal progenitors, persistently expressing osteogenic markers in vitro and in vivo.
Evaluation of Polymer-Supported Rhodium Catalysts in 1-Octene Hydroformylation in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2003)

Supercritical CO2 has been used as a benign solvent in the hydroformylation of 1-octene using a Rh-based catalyst. The catalyst is attached to a polymer backbone that has fluoroacrylate branches that make it soluble in supercritical CO2. Quantitative solubility determinations of catalyst precursors and the catalyst were carried out at 318.15 K and 172.4 bar. The catalyst was evaluated in the hydroformylation reaction of 1-octene at 323.15 and 348.15 K and 172.4 and 241.3 bar. Results showed that the reaction rate is enhanced by pressure at constant temperature. The catalyst was evaluated for intact recovery after reaction using an arlcite filter. Hydrogenation of 1-octene was the model reaction. A total of 20 reaction cycles were performed in the batch mode with no decrease in activity and no Rh leaching.