gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cystoid macular edema in aphakia and pseudophakia after use of prostaglandin analogs (2002)

Prostaglandin analogs are powerful ocular hypotensive agents that may also be associated with a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and cystoid macular edema. The association is evident in pseudophakic or aphakic patients. This paper presents a case of unilateral latanoprost-associated clinical cystoid macular edema in a bilaterally pseudophakic patient; the only difference between the two eyes was the presence of a capsulotomy in the affected eye. We review the literature concerning prostaglandin analog-associated cystoid macular edema, as well as the evidence for prostaglandin analog-associated breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. Although some evidence is suggestive of a connection between prostaglandin analogs and cystoid macular edema, many questions concerning the complex physiology of prostanoids remain. Until our understanding of these issues is more advanced, judicious use of prostaglandin analogs in patients at risk for cystoid macular edema would be prudent.
Oscillation of Blood Flow and Vascular Resistance During Mayer Waves (1962)

In cats anesthetized with chloralose, Mayer waves developed following graded hemorrhage and, in some, partial carotid occlusion. The average Mayer wave was 56 mm. Hg in amplitude rising from a base systemic pressure of 70 mm. Hg at a frequency of 3.0 per minute. Rhythmic fluctuation of respiratory depth and frequency paralleled but slightly preceded the blood pressure change. There was no significant variation in heart rate during Mayer waves. Flow in the abdominal aorta and vena cava varied inversely with systemic pressure. A flow lag of four to six seconds in the vena cava behind that in the aorta during Mayer waves was probably related to circulation time. Blood flow was measured in muscle, small intestine, skin, and kidney. During the pressure rise of each Mayer wave, blood flow decreased in muscle more than in gut. Cutaneous flow increased moderately. Renal flow varied directly with the arterial pressure. Changes vascular resistance were evaluated by holding perfusion pressure constant and measuring regional blood flow. During Mayer waves, muscle vascular resistance increased 276 per cent, intestinal resistance increased 210 per cent, and cutaneous resistance rose 136 per cent. Renal vascular resistance did not change. Since Mayer waves are apparently reflexogenic in origin, the data are interpreted as evidence for regional differences in the pattern of central reflex control of the peripheral vascular system.
Purification of Pseudomonas putida acyl coenzyme A ligase active with a range of aliphatic and aromatic substrates (1993)

Acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) ligase (acyl-CoA synthetase [ACoAS]) from Pseudomonas putida U was purified to homogeneity (252-fold) after this bacterium was grown in a chemically defined medium containing octanoic acid as the sole carbon source. The enzyme, which has a mass of 67 kDa, showed maximal activity at 40 degrees C in 10 mM K2PO4H-NaPO4H2 buffer (pH 7.0) containing 20% (wt/vol) glycerol. Under these conditions, ACoAS showed hyperbolic behavior against acetate, CoA, and ATP; the Kms calculated for these substrates were 4.0, 0.7, and 5.2 mM, respectively. Acyl-CoA ligase recognizes several aliphatic molecules (acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, hexanoic, heptanoic, and octanoic acids) as substrates, as well as some aromatic compounds (phenylacetic and phenoxyacetic acids). The broad substrate specificity of ACoAS from P. putida was confirmed by coupling it with acyl-CoA:6-aminopenicillanic acid acyltransferase from Penicillium chrysogenum to study the formation of several penicillins.
Production of Inhibitor of Insulin-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase in Fibroblasts From Patient With Insulin Resistance and NIDDM (1991)

Although non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is associated with defects in insulin action, the molecular basis of this resistance is unknown. We studied fibroblasts from a markedly insulin-resistant patient with NIDDM but without acanthosis nigricans. Her fibroblasts were resistant to insulin when alpha-aminoisobutyric acid uptake was measured. Fibroblasts from this patient demonstrated normal insulin-receptor content as measured by both insulin-receptor radioimmunoassay and by Scatchard analysis. However, when compared with nondiabetic control subjects, insulin-receptor kinase assays of wheat-germ-purified receptors prepared from her fibroblasts showed very low basal and no insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity. The insulin receptor was then removed from the wheat-germ fraction by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography. This insulin-receptor-deficient fraction inhibited both basal and insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity of highly purified insulin receptors. When the specificity of this inhibition was tested, less inhibition was seen with insulinlike growth factor I-receptor tyrosine kinase, and even less inhibition was seen with the proto-oncogene p60c-src tyrosine kinase. Thus, these studies indicate that fibroblasts from an insulin-resistant patient with NIDDM produce a relatively specific glycoprotein inhibitor of insulin-receptor tyrosine kinase. Therefore, these studies raise the possibility that this inhibitor may play an important role in the insulin resistance seen in this patient.
Future Approaches to the Formation of Secondary Natural Products in Plant Cell Suspension Cultures (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFuture Approaches to the Formation of Secondary Natural Products in Plant Cell Suspension CulturesPeter F. HeinsteinCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1985, 48, 1, 1–9Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50037a001https://doi.org/10.1021/np50037a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Activation by Soluble CD4 and Monoclonal Antibodies (1998)

Infection by some human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates is enhanced by the binding of subneutralizing concentrations of soluble receptor, soluble CD4 (sCD4), or monoclonal antibodies directed against the viral envelope glycoproteins. In this work, we studied the abilities of different antibodies to mediate activation of the envelope glycoproteins of a primary HIV-1 isolate, YU2, and identified the regions of gp120 envelope glycoprotein contributing to activation. Binding of antibodies to a variety of epitopes on gp120, including the CD4 binding site, the third variable (V3) loop, and CD4-induced epitopes, enhanced the entry of viruses containing YU2 envelope glycoproteins. Fab fragments of antibodies directed against either the CD4 binding site or V3 loop also activated YU2 virus infection. The activation phenotype was conferred on the envelope glycoproteins of a laboratory-adapted HIV-1 isolate (HXBc2) by replacing the gp120 V3 loop or V1/V2 and V3 loops with those of the YU2 virus. Infection by the YU2 virus in the presence of activating antibodies remained inhibitable by macrophage inhibitory protein 1beta, indicating dependence on the CCR5 coreceptor on the target cells. Thus, antibody enhancement of YU2 entry involves neither Fc receptor binding nor envelope glycoprotein cross-linking, is determined by the same variable loops that dictate enhancement by sCD4, and probably proceeds by a process fundamentally similar to the receptor-activated virus entry pathway.
Vitamin B12Derivatives as Activators of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase (2012)

Various newly prepared and previously known vitamin B₁₂ derivatives have been studied as potential soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activators. All compounds tested were found to activate the sGC enzyme, although to differing extents. The best results were obtained with the derivatives synthesized from c-lactone and possessing aliphatic amides in the c- and d-positions.
Spatial correlations of spontaneously down-converted photon pairs detected with a single-photon-sensitive CCD camera (1998)

A single-photon-sensitive intensified charge-coupled-device (ICCD) camera has been used to simultaneously detect, over a broad area, degenerate and nondegenerate photon pairs generated by the quantum-optical process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We have developed a new method for determining the quantum fourth- order correlations in spatially extended detection systems such as this one. Our technique reveals the expected phase-matching-induced spa- tial correlations in a 2-f Fourier-transform system.
Pentoxifylline (Trental) decreases the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in cultured T cells [see comments] (1991)

Pentoxifylline (Trental), used routinely for the treatment of intermittent claudication, has been shown previously to decrease the levels of tumor necrosis factors-alpha (TNF-alpha) RNA in cancer patients and to lead to a general improvement of well being. Increased TNF-alpha levels have been observed not only in cancer patients but also in cachectic patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and TNF-alpha is known to increase the expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) via activating its long terminal repeat (LTR). Moreover, TNF-alpha decreases the therapeutic efficacy of zidovudine (AZT). Here we show a significant decrease in HIV-1 replication by pentoxifylline in infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The reduction was proportional to the downregulation of expression of a reporter gene, the bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase, linked to the HIV-1 LTR in human monocytoid cells. We conclude that patients with AIDS may benefit from pentoxifylline treatment because of its blockage of TNF-alpha-mediated HIV-1 upregulation, from increased efficacy of AZT, and also from improvement in TNF-alpha-induced cachexia.
DnaX Complex of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase III Holoenzyme (1995)

A physical characterization of the tau and gamma subunits of the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme and their complexes with the delta, delta', chi, and psi subunits is presented. The native molecular mass of the tau and gamma subunits was determined to be 255,000 and 189,000 Da, respectively, by sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation. Both values indicate a tetrameric quaternary structure. The tau and gamma complexes were reconstituted and purified using two different methods. Both complexes assembled readily and were reconstituted at subunit concentrations approaching physiological levels. The stoichiometries of the tau and gamma complexes, as determined by quantitative densitometry of SDS-polyacrylamide gels, were found to be tau 4 delta 1 delta' 1 chi 1 psi 1 and gamma 4 delta 1 delta' 1 chi 1 psi 1. BIAcore analysis demonstrated that the formation of large multiprotein complexes of holoenzyme subunits depends on the presence of the tau subunit; gamma could not substitute. We present a model for a gamma-less form of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme that has asymmetrical structural features that may be responsible for the functional asymmetry observed in holoenzyme. The stoichiometry of the reconstituted DNA polymerase III* component of holoenzyme in this model is (alpha epsilon theta)2DnaX4 delta 1 delta' 1 chi 1 psi 1.
Mutation of Dileucine-Like Motifs in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Capsid Disrupts Virus Assembly, Gag-Gag Interactions, Gag-Membrane Binding, and Virion Maturation (2006)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag precursor protein Pr55(Gag) drives the assembly and release of virus-like particles in the infected cell. The capsid (CA) domain of Gag plays an important role in these processes by promoting Gag-Gag interactions during assembly. The C-terminal domain (CTD) of CA contains two dileucine-like motifs (L189/L190 and I201/L202) implicated in regulating the localization of Gag to multivesicular bodies (MVBs). These dileucine-like motifs are located in the vicinity of the CTD dimer interface, a region of CA critical for Gag-Gag interactions during virus assembly and CA-CA interactions during core formation. To study the importance of the CA dileucine-like motifs in various aspects of HIV-1 replication, we introduced a series of mutations into these motifs in the context of a full-length, infectious HIV-1 molecular clone. CA mutants LL189,190AA and IL201,202AA were both severely impaired in virus particle production because of a variety of defects in the binding of Gag to membrane, Gag multimerization, and CA folding. In contrast to the model suggesting that the CA dileucine-like motifs regulate MVB targeting, the IL201,202AA mutation did not alter Gag localization to the MVB in either HeLa cells or macrophages. Revertants of single-amino-acid substitution mutants were obtained that no longer contained dileucine-like motifs but were nevertheless fully replication competent. The varied phenotypes of the mutants reported here provide novel insights into the interplay among Gag multimerization, membrane binding, virus assembly, CA dimerization, particle maturation, and virion infectivity.
Daytime Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (1988)

The frequency of daytime pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has not been well established and its mechanisms are still under debate. We have thus performed right heart catheterization, in addition to standard spirography and arterial blood gas measurements, in a series of 46 consecutive patients in whom OSAS was firmly diagnosed by whole-night polysomnography. Only 9 of the 46 patients (20%) had PH defined by a mean resting pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg. Among the patients without resting PH, 14 had exercising PH (defined by a Ppa greater than 30 mm Hg during 40-watt, steady-state exercise). Patients with resting PH differed from the others by a lower daytime PaO2 (60.8 +/- 7.6 versus 76.2 +/- 9.4 mm Hg; p less than 0.001), a higher daytime PaCO2 (44.6 +/- 4.2 versus 38.0 +/- 4.0 mm Hg; p less than 0.001), and lower VC and FEV1 (p less than 0.001). There was no difference between the 2 groups with regard to apnea index (62 +/- 34 versus 65 +/- 40) or the lowest sleep SaO2 (59 +/- 21 versus 66 +/- 18%) or the time spent in apnea. For the group as a whole, there was a good correlation between Ppa and daytime PaO2 (r = -0.61; p less than 0.001), PaCO2 (r = 0.55; p less than 0.001), and FEV1 (r = -0.52; p less than 0.001), but there was no significant correlation between Ppa and the apnea index, the lowest sleep SaO2, or the time spent in apnea.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the oncogenic properties of chicken embryo lethal orphan virus, an avian adenovirus. (1970)

Summary The oncogenicity of chicken embryo lethal orphan virus for newborn hamsters has been confirmed. Tumor incidence was found to be a function of the titer of the virus inoculum. Fifty-four % (7/13) of the hamsters given 109.3 50% lethal dose developed tumors, while only 8% (8/99) of the hamsters given 109.0 50% lethal dose developed tumors. With a single exception, lower virus doses were nononcogenic; one tumor developed among 26 hamsters given virus inactivated from 108.7 to 104.0 50% lethal dose by nitrous acid. Although all the tumors were of mesenchymal origin a variety of sarcomatous types were noted. The latent period varied from 14 to 52 weeks and all but one tumor appeared at the site of injection. Female hamsters appeared more susceptible than males. Indirect immunofluorescence and complement-fixation tests failed to demonstrate antibody in the sera of tumor-bearing hamsters to autologous tumor extracts or to chicken embryo lethal orphan virus-infected chick and hamster embryo cells.
INDOCYANINE GREEN: OBSERVATIONS ON ITS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, PLASMA DECAY, AND HEPATIC EXTRACTION* (1960)

Indocyanine green 1 (ICG) is a tricarbocyanine dye (Figure Animal studies (3) and prelimi- nary observations of human subjects (4, 5) have suggested that this dye may have characteristics that could make its uptake, storage, and excretion by the liver helpful indices of hepatic function. The present investigations were carried out to determine whether indocyanine green has proper- ties that may render it suitable for assessing liver function and hepatic blood flow in man.
Accurate model for effective dielectric constant of microstrip with validity up to millimetre-wave frequencies (1982)

A closed-form expression is presented for the effective dielectric constant of single microstrip lines which is valid with high accuracy up to mm-wave frequencies. The formula given has been designed for use in MIC and MMIC CAD programs as well as in the indirect measurement of substrate permittivities by resonance techniques.
Binge antecedents in obese women with and without binge eating disorder. (2000)

In this study, women with binge eating disorder (BED; n = 41) and weight- and age-matched comparison women without BED (NBED; n = 38) monitored their eating for 6 days, using handheld computers to measure mood, appetite, and setting at all eating episodes and comparison noneating episodes. Poor mood, low alertness, feelings of poor eating control, and craving sweets all preceded binge episodes for the BED group. An unanticipated finding was the frequent report of binge episodes in the comparison group; only feelings of poor eating control and craving sweets predicted binge episodes in this group. Binge eating NBED women tended to experience worse mood, less control, and more craving than other NBED women, contributing to evidence of the close relationship of binge eating and decrements in emotional and appetitive functioning.
Review article: coccidiosis of domestic ruminants. (1994)

Coccidiosis in ruminants results from complex interactions between hosts and parasites with many external factors influencing the severity of disease. The study of ruminant coccidiosis is still very much in its infancy despite the advances made in recent years in determining life cycles, pathogenesis, epidemiology and control. Many of the life cycles of the species, considered to be of lesser importance, have still to be elucidated and controversy still exists concerning the pathogenicity of some of these species. Outbreaks of coccidiosis occur with ever increasing frequency yet few drugs exist for prevention. Only limited investigations have been undertaken on immunological methods of control. This paper seeks to review the current knowledge on the biology and control of the coccidial species affecting cattle, sheep and goats.
An IFN-γ-Dependent Pathway Controls Stimulation of Memory Phenotype CD8+ T Cell Turnover In Vivo by IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-γ (2001)

Unlike naive T cells, memory phenotype (CD44(high)) T cells exhibit a high background rate of turnover in vivo. Previous studies showed that the turnover of memory phenotype CD8(+) (but not CD4(+)) cells in vivo can be considerably enhanced by products of infectious agents such as LPS. Such stimulation is TCR independent and hinges on the release of type I IFNs (IFN-I) which leads to the production of an effector cytokine, probably IL-15. In this study, we describe a second pathway of CD44(high) CD8(+) stimulation in vivo. This pathway is IFN-gamma rather than IFN-I dependent and is mediated by at least three cytokines, IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-gamma. As for IFN-I, these three cytokines are nonstimulatory for purified T cells and under in vivo conditions probably act via production of IL-15.
Leukocyte Telomere Length in Major Depression: Correlations with Chronicity, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress - Preliminary Findings (2011)

These preliminary data indicate that accelerated aging at the level of leukocyte telomeres is proportional to lifetime exposure to MDD. This might be related to cumulative exposure to oxidative stress and inflammation in MDD. This suggest that telomere shortening does not antedate depression and is not an intrinsic feature. Rather, telomere shortening may progress in proportion to lifetime depression exposure.
Betaine Improves the PCR Amplification of GC-Rich DNA Sequences (1997)

Betaine improves the co-amplification of the two alternatively spliced variants of the prostate-specific membrane antigen mRNA as well as the amplification of the coding cDNA region of c-jun. It is suggested that betaine improves the amplification of these genes by reducing the formation of secondary structure caused by GC-rich regions and, therefore, may be generally applicable to ameliorate the amplification of GC-rich DNA sequences.
K252a Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis by Inhibiting Cdc2 and Cdc25c (1999)

The indole carbazole K252a has been shown in previous studies to inhibit the platelet-derived growth factor signal transduction pathway in gliomas. Because K252a has nonspecific effects on protein kinase function, we studied its effect on cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and cell cycle blockade in glioma cells. K252a blocked T98G cells at the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints. Consistent with cell cycle arrest, K252a was shown to hypophosphorylate Rb, upregulate p21, and decrease Cdc2 and Cdc25c activity. Finally, cell cycle arrest in T98G cells resulted in apoptosis as determined by cell morphology and DNA laddering. K252a is a useful tool for studying the effects of CDK inhibition and cell cycle blockade in tumor cells.
Transmissible microbial and metabolomic remodeling by soluble dietary fiber improves metabolic homeostasis (2015)

Dietary fibers are increasingly appreciated as beneficial nutritional components. However, a requisite role of gut microbiota in fiber function and the overall impact of fibers on metabolomic flux remain unclear. We herein showed enhancing effects of a soluble resistant maltodextrin (RM) on glucose homeostasis in mouse metabolic disease models. Remarkably, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) caused pronounced and time-dependent improvement in glucose tolerance in RM recipient mice, indicating a causal relationship between microbial remodeling and metabolic efficacy. Microbial 16S sequencing revealed transmissible taxonomic changes correlated with improved metabolism, notably enrichment of probiotics and reduction of Alistipes and Bacteroides known to associate with high fat/protein diets. Metabolomic profiling further illustrated broad changes, including enrichment of phenylpropionates and decreases in key intermediates of glucose utilization, cholesterol biosynthesis and amino acid fermentation. These studies elucidate beneficial roles of RM-dependent microbial remodeling in metabolic homeostasis, and showcase prevalent health-promoting potentials of dietary fibers.