gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contact Electrification and Adhesion Between Dissimilar Materials (1992)

Simultaneous measurements of surface force and surface charge demonstrate strong attraction due to the spontaneous transfer of electrical charge from one smooth insulator (mica) to another (silica) as a result of simple, nonsliding contact in dry nitrogen. The measured surface charge densities are 5 to 20 millicoulombs per square meter after contact. The work required to separate the charged surfaces is typically 6 to 9 joules per square meter, comparable to the fracture energies of ionic-covalent materials. Observation of partial gas discharges when the surfaces are approximately 1 micrometer apart gives valuable insight into the charge separation processes underlying static electrical phenomena in general.
Mouse myeloma cells that make short immunoglobulin heavy chains: pleiotropic effects on glycosylation and chain assembly. (1984)

Two variants in immunoglobulin heavy chain production, derived from the MPC 11 mouse myeloma cell line, make short heavy (H) chains with identical precise deletions of the CH3 domain. The CH3 domain is expressed in the H chain mRNA from both variants. Although in vitro translation of this mRNA produces one H chain species, deleted heavy chains are secreted as heavy-light (HL) and H2L2 moieties in contrast to MPC 11, which secretes only H2L2 . The heavy chains of HL apparently contain more carbohydrate (CHO+) than do the H chains of H2L2 , and inhibition of N-linked glycosylation results in the secretion of relatively more H2L2 . Here we present evidence suggesting that (a) the absence of the CH3 domain has led to conformational changes in these molecules, (b) these changes permit posttranslational glycosylation, and (c) unrestrained glycosylation can frequently yield unusual CHO+ structures that make complete assembly unlikely.
Comparison of NCCLS and 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-Thiazyl)-2,5-Diphenyl-2H-Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) Methods of In Vitro Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi and Development of a New Simplified Method (2000)

The susceptibility of 30 clinical isolates belonging to six different species of filamentous fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Scedosporium prolificans, Scedosporium apiospermum, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium oxysporum) was tested against six antifungal drugs (miconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, UR9825, terbinafine, and amphotericin B) with the microdilution method recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) (M38-P). The MICs were compared with the MICs obtained by a colorimetric method measuring the reduction of the dye 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) to formazan by viable fungi. The levels of agreement between the two methods were 96 and 92% for MIC-0 (clear wells) and MIC-1 (75% growth reduction), respectively. The levels of agreement were always higher for Aspergillus spp. (97% +/- 2.5%), followed by Scedosporium spp. (87% +/- 10.3%) and Fusarium spp. (78% +/- 7.8%). The NCCLS method was more reproducible than the MTT method: 98 versus 95% for MIC-0 and 97 versus 90% for MIC-1. However, the percentage of hyphal growth as determined visually by the NCCLS method showed several discrepancies when they were compared with the percentages of MTT reduction. A new simplified assay that incorporates the dye MTT with the initial inoculum and in which the fungi are incubated with the dye for 48 h or more was developed, showing comparable levels of agreement and reproducibility with the other two methods. Furthermore, the new assay was easier to perform and more sensitive than the MTT method.
Lysyl Oxidase-like Protein from Bovine Aorta (2001)

Recently several cDNAs have been described encoding lysyl oxidase-like proteins. Their deduced amino acid sequences are characterized by a strong similarity in the C-terminal region, corresponding to the lysyl oxidase family catalytic domain, and by marked differences in the N-terminal regions. Different biological functions have been described for lysyl oxidases in addition to their traditionally assumed cross-linking role. To answer the question of whether these different functions are carried out by different lysyl oxidases, purified and active forms of these enzymes are required. At present only the classical form of lysyl oxidase has been purified and characterized. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize the lysyl oxidase-like protein. In view of the strong sequence homology with the C-terminal domain of other lysyl oxidases, we chose to purify the protein from bovine aorta using antibodies specific to the N-terminal domain of the proenzyme. We have isolated a 56-kDa protein identified by amino acid sequencing as the bovine lysyl oxidase-like precursor, which is cleaved at the Arg-Arg-Arg sequence at positions 89-91 by a furin-like activity, as revealed after deblocking of the N-terminal residue. The immunopurified protein was largely inactive, but further processing in vitro by bone morphogenetic protein-1 led to an enzyme that was active on elastin and collagen substrates.
Tissue-specific expression, developmental regulation, and genetic mapping of the gene encoding CCAAT/enhancer binding protein. (1989)

This paper presents the results of experiments that determine the chromosomal location of the mouse gene encoding CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) and measure its expression as a function of tissue type and temporal period of development in mice and rats. Three alleles of the C/EBP gene were identified according to restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The strain distribution pattern of the three alleles was determined in recombinant inbred mouse strains and compared to that of other mouse genes. These results mapped the gene to a position within 2.5 centimorgans (cM) of the structural gene encoding glucose phosphate isomerase on chromosome 7 of the mouse. The expression pattern of the C/EBP gene was studied by a combination of nucleic acid hybridization and antibody staining assays. High levels of C/EBP mRNA were observed in tissues known to metabolize lipid and cholesterol-related compounds at uncommonly high rates. These included liver, fat, intestine, lung, adrenal gland, and placenta. More detailed analysis of two of these tissues, liver and fat, showed that C/EBP expression was limited to fully differentiated cells. Moreover, analysis of the temporal pattern of expression of C/EBP mRNA in two tissues, liver and intestine, revealed a coordinated induction just prior to birth. These observations raise the possibility that the synthesis of C/EBP may be responsive to humoral factors and that modulation in C/EBP expression might mediate coordinated changes in gene expression that facilitate adaptive challenges met during development or during the fluctuating physiological states of adult life.
Selective Semantic Zoom of a Document Collection (2009)

Analysts are challenged to make sense of huge document collections containing text that cannot be easily summarized. Text analytics can help uncover relationships within the data but there is a need for visualizations which smoothly integrate an overview of the document collection with the details of these relationships. This overview should allow the analyst to organize the document collection as their investigation progresses. I introduce the Semantic Zoom View which is designed to do all of the above through the use of nesting entities within documents and using a selective semantic zoom. This zoom reveals the details on demand of a document while keeping the context of the document collection. This context, which is present in the same view as the details, can be organized quickly by the analyst.
Synthesis of Parallel Algorithms (1993)

From the Publisher:
This landmark collaboration will enhance the knowledge and abilities of anyone interested in parallel algorithms and in developing programs for parallel computers. Many problems currently solved with sequential algorithms are themselves highly parallelizable when designers use the powerful parallel techniques now available.

These thorough but introductory presentations demonstrate the most important algorithmic techniques and their use in exposing the hidden parallelism within problems. Beginning with familiar sequential algorithms, the authors provide a careful description of the fundamental problem, its solution, and analysis--complete with examples and exercises. Each of the 22 chapters then synthesizes a more sophisticated parallel algorithm using the simpler sequential and parallel techniques used to introduce the problem. The PRAM shared-memory model of computing provides a unifying framework. This model has been used extensively for designing parallel algorithms and can be efficiently simulated on many of the parallel architectures now in use.

Applying the methods in this book will offer designers a substantial advantage when solving problems for parallel computation.
The effect of buffers on protein conformational stability (2004)

*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. uffers used to formulate proteins should not serve as substrates or inhibitors. They should exhibit little or no change in pH with temperature, show insignificant pen-etration through biological membranes, and have max-imum buffer capacity at a pH where the protein exhibits opti-mal stability. In conformity with the proposition that “Nature designs the optimum molecules, ” buffers should mimic the an-tidenaturant properties of nature exhibited by osmolytes (1–5) that are independent of the evolutionary history of the proteins (6, 7). Such properties may include preferential exclusion from the protein domain (8–11) and stabilization without changing the denaturation Gibbs energy (Gd) (12). Conformational instability refers not only to unfolding, ag-gregation, or denaturation but also to subtle changes in local-
Combinatorial Synthesis Hits The Spot (2000)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCombinatorial Synthesis Hits The SpotSTU BORMANCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2000, 78, 27, 25–27Publication Date (Print):July 3, 2000Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 3 July 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v078n027.p025https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n027.p025newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Organic compounds,Organic synthesis Get e-Alerts
[Three-dimensional radiation planning. Studies on clinical integration]. (1993)

The routine use of three-dimensional treatment planning was evaluated in a clinical project funded by the German Krebshilfe at the Radiological Department of the University of Heidelberg. 166 patients entered the prospective study within 14 months, 155 of them were treated according to the 3D-plans. More than 50% of the patients had thoracic tumors, followed by pelvic tumors. One medicine physicist and one specially trained technician performed the treatment planning. The target volumes were contoured in the CT slices at the planning computer by the responsible radiotherapists. A mean of 6.5 hours per patient was necessary for all planning procedures, however, this time consumption shows a trend toward less time of only four hours including about ten optimization steps. Meanwhile approximately 20 to 30% of all computer assisted planning are performed in 3D, corresponding to about one plan per day. The achieved time consumption is a clinically accepted quantity, that allows the introduction of 3D-planning into clinical routine.
Nature of the lowest excited state in tricarbonylchloro-1,10-phenanthrolinerhenium(I) and related complexes (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNature of the lowest excited state in tricarbonylchloro-1,10-phenanthrolinerhenium(I) and related complexesMark Wrighton and David L. MorseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 4, 998–1003Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00811a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00811a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3446Altmetric-Citations686LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A sub-400°C germanium MOSFET technology with high-κ dielectric and metal gate (2003)

A novel low thermal budget (/spl les/400/spl deg/C) germanium MOS process with high-/spl kappa/ gate dielectric and metal gate electrode has been demonstrated. For the first time, self-aligned surface-channel Ge p-MOSFETs with ZrO/sub 2/ gate dielectric having equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 6-10 /spl Aring/ and platinum gate electrode are demonstrated with twice the low-field hole mobility of Si MOSFETs.
The development and evaluation of a computerised decision supportsystem for primary care based upon 'patient profile decisionanalysis' (2003)

The feasibility of individualised decision analysis for general practice has been questioned. Patient profile decision analysis, however, may be a valuable means of harnessing some of the advantages of the methodology to produce more patient-specific guidelines for primary care.
Screening for drugs of abuse: effect of heat-treating urine for safe handling of samples (1990)

Heating urine samples from high-risk patients for 1 h at 56 degrees C is no longer believed to completely inactivate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; AIDS virus). To protect staff who are handling infectious samples such as those from drug-addiction units, heating at a higher temperature may be necessary. We report the stability to heat treatment (at 60, 70, and 100 degrees C) at pH 5.1 and 7.6 of some commonly abused drugs, namely, methadone, pethidine, amphetamine, the cocaine metabolite, benzoylecgonine, and the dextropropoxyphene metabolite nordextropropoxyphene. Heat-treating urine at 60 degrees C for 1.5 h or 70 degrees C for 1 h did not significantly affect the measured concentrations of these drugs. However, heat treatment at 100 degrees C for 1 h reduced the recovery of all the drugs. Benzoylecgonine and amphetamine were most susceptible to the different forms of heat treatment.
Intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions of nitrosoalkenes with olefins (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions of nitrosoalkenes with olefinsScott E. Denmark, Michael S. Dappen, and Jeffrey A. SternbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 24, 4741–4743Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00198a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00198a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views606Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Abnormal glucose metabolism accompanies failure of glucose to stimulate insulin release from a rat pancreatic cell line (RINm5F) (1983)

Glucose metabolism and insulin release were studied in isolated rat islets and in an insulin-producing rat cell-line (RINm5F). Intact islets displayed two components of glucose utilization, with glucose stimulation of insulin release being associated with the high-Km component (reflecting glucokinase-like activity). Glucose failed to stimulate insulin release from RINm5F cells, which only displayed a single low-Km component of glucose utilization. Only low-Km (hexokinase-like) glucose-phosphorylating activity was found for disrupted RINm5F cells. These changes in glucose metabolism may contribute towards the failure of glucose to stimulate insulin release from RINm5F cells.
Paradoxical SR Ca2+ release in guinea‐pig cardiac myocytes after β‐adrenergic stimulation revealed by two‐photon photolysis of caged Ca2+ (2005)

In heart muscle the amplification and shaping of Ca(2+) signals governing contraction are orchestrated by recruiting a variable number of Ca(2+) sparks. Sparks reflect Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via Ca(2+) release channels (ryanodine receptors, RyRs). RyRs are activated by Ca(2+) influx via L-type Ca(2+) channels with a specific probability that may depend on regulatory mechanisms (e.g. beta-adrenergic stimulation) or diseased states (e.g. heart failure). Changes of RyR phosphorylation may be critical for both regulation and impaired function in disease. Using UV flash photolysis of caged Ca(2+) and short applications of caffeine in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes, we found that Ca(2+) release signals on the cellular level were largely governed by global SR content. During beta-adrenergic stimulation resting myocytes exhibited smaller SR Ca(2+) release signals when activated by photolysis (62.3% of control), resulting from reduced SR Ca(2+) content under these conditions (58.6% of control). In contrast, local signals triggered with diffraction limited two-photon photolysis displayed the opposite behaviour, exhibiting a larger Ca(2+) release (164% of control) despite reduced global and local SR Ca(2+) content. This apparent paradox implies changes of RyR open probabilities after beta-adrenergic stimulation, enhancing local regenerativity and reliability of Ca(2+) signalling. Thus, our results underscore the importance of phosphorylation of RyRs (or of a related protein), as a regulatory physiological mechanism that may also provide new therapeutic avenues to recover impaired Ca(2+) signalling during cardiac disease.
Detection of micrometastatic prostate cancer cells in lymph nodes by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. (1993)

We have developed a highly sensitive method for detecting prostate cancer cells using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific for prostate-specific antigen gene. Forty-four lymph nodes obtained from 22 patients with prostate cancers were analyzed by RT-PCR to detect metastatic prostate cancer cells. RT-PCR could detect prostate-specific antigen mRNA in five lymph nodes with histologically and/or immunohistochemically identifiable metastases and in four lymph nodes with negative histological and immunohistochemical analyses for metastases. RT-PCR was a more sensitive method than histology and immunohistochemistry in detecting metastatic prostate cancer cells and could be applied for diagnosing micrometastases of prostate cancer to lymph nodes. This highly sensitive RT-PCR will be a relevant tool to allow a more accurate clinical assessment of lymph node metastases of prostate cancer and to understand lymphatic dissemination of prostate cancer biologically.
The Mnd1 Protein Forms a Complex with Hop2 To Promote Homologous Chromosome Pairing and Meiotic Double-Strand Break Repair (2002)

The hop2 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae arrests in meiosis with extensive synaptonemal complex (SC) formation between nonhomologous chromosomes. A screen for multicopy suppressors of a hop2-ts allele identified the MND1 gene. The mnd1-null mutant arrests in meiotic prophase, with most double-strand breaks (DSBs) unrepaired. A low level of mature recombinants is produced, and the Rad51 protein accumulates at numerous foci along chromosomes. SC formation is incomplete, and homolog pairing is severely reduced. The Mnd1 protein localizes to chromatin throughout meiotic prophase, and this localization requires Hop2. Unlike recombination enzymes such as Rad51, Mnd1 localizes to chromosomes even in mutants that fail to initiate meiotic recombination. The Hop2 and Mnd1 proteins coimmunoprecipitate from meiotic cell extracts. These results suggest that Hop2 and Mnd1 work as a complex to promote meiotic chromosome pairing and DSB repair. The identification of Hop2 and Mnd1 homologs in other organisms suggests that the function of this complex is conserved among eukaryotes.
Robust ballistocardiogram acquisition for home monitoring (2009)

The ballistocardiogram (BCG) measures the reaction of the body to cardiac ejection forces, and is an effective, non-invasive means of evaluating cardiovascular function. A simple, robust method is presented for acquiring high-quality, repeatable BCG signals from a modified, commercially available scale. The measured BCG waveforms for all subjects qualitatively matched values in the existing literature and physiologic expectations in terms of timing and IJ amplitude. Additionally, the BCG IJ amplitude was shown to be correlated with diastolic filling time for a subject with premature atrial contractions, demonstrating the sensitivity of the apparatus to beat-by-beat hemodynamic changes. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the BCG was estimated using two methods, and the average SNR over all subjects was greater than 12 for both estimates. The BCG measurement was shown to be repeatable over 50 recordings taken from the same subject over a three week period. This approach could allow patients at home to monitor trends in cardiovascular health.
Effect of inoculation ofBacillus licheniformison tomato and pepper (2004)

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