gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolayers on disordered substrates: self-assembly of alkyltrichlorosilanes on surface-modified polyethylene and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonolayers on disordered substrates: self-assembly of alkyltrichlorosilanes on surface-modified polyethylene and poly(dimethylsiloxane)Gregory S. Ferguson, Manoj K. Chaudhury, Hans A. Biebuyck, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 22, 5870–5875Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00074a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00074a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1141Altmetric-Citations140LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A carrier phase estimator for multimedia satellite payloads suited to RSC coding schemes (2002)

Most of GEO satellite telecommunication systems today aim at providing multimedia access services to low cost and power-limited user terminals by implementing performant regenerative onboard processing techniques (demodulation, routing). In order to meet high QoS performance at low SNR, especially on the satellite uplink, performant coding schemes such as turbo codes are necessary. We focus on the critical point of the on-board demodulator: the carrier phase recovery performed in presence of powerful turbo decoding. Non-data aided (NDA) and TD estimators are presented and analysed in terms of characteristics for transmissions using recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) codes that can be used for turbo codes. We show that TD estimation can operate down to E/sub c//N/sub 0/=0 dB with frequency offset up to 10/sup -3/.
Upper Limb Traumatic Amputees (1997)

The prosthetic status of the traumatic upper limb amputees was reviewed. Fifty-five upper limb amputees were reviewed using a detailed questionnaire, telephone or clinic review and by case note study. Twenty-three patients were traumatic amputees and 32 were congenital amputees. The amputees' function, prosthetic use and satisfaction were evaluated and this formed the basis of a scoring system. The traumatic group were less satisfied with their prosthesis and their functional ability was poorer, especially in the use of the myoelectric prosthesis. Traumatic amputees were their prosthesis for an average of 6.5 hours per day compared to 9.3 hours in the atraumatic group. None of the traumatic amputees fitted after 12 weeks returned to gainful employment. Early prosthetic fitting, rehabilitation and post-traumatic counselling are advocated in upper limb traumatic amputees in order to achieve an optimum prosthetic benefit for the patient.
Oligomannosides or oligosaccharide-lipids as potential substrates for rat liver cytosolic α-d-mannosidase (1996)

We have previously reported the substrate specificity of the cytosolic alpha-D-mannosidase purified from rat liver using Man9GlcNAc, i.e. Man alpha 1-2Man alpha 1-3(Man alpha 1-2Man alpha 1-6)Man alpha 1-6(Man alpha 1-2Man alpha 1-2Man alpha 1-3) Man beta 1-4G1cNAc, as substrate [Grard, Saint-Pol, Haeuw, Alonso, Wieruszeski, Strecker and Michalski (1994) Eur. J. Biochem. 223, 99-106]. Man9 G1cNAc is hydrolysed giving Man5GlcNAc, i.e. Man alpha 1-2 Man alpha 1-2Man alpha 1-3(Man alpha 1-6)Man beta 1-4GlcNAc, possessing the same structure as the oligosaccharide of the dolichol pathway formed in the cytosolic compartment during the biosynthesis of N-glycosylprotein glycans. We study here the activity of the purified cytosolic alpha-D-mannosidase towards the oligosaccharide-diphosphodolichol intermediates formed during the biosynthesis of N-glycans, and also towards soluble oligosaccharides released from the endoplasmic reticulum which are glucosylated or not and possessing at their reducing end either a single N-acetylglucosamine residue or a di-N-acetylchitobiose sequence. We demonstrate that (1) dolichol pyrophosphate oligosaccharide substrates are poorly hydrolysed by the cytosolic alpha-D-mannosidase; (2) oligosaccharides with a terminal reducing di-N-acetylchitobiose sequence are not hydrolysed at all; (3) soluble oligosaccharides bearing a single reducing N-acetylglucosamine are the real substrates for the enzyme. These results suggest a role for alpha-D-mannosidase in the catabolism of glycans released from the endoplasmic reticulum rather than in the regulation of the biosynthesis of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides.
Space-charge limited conduction with traps in poly(phenylene vinylene) light emitting diodes (1997)

Current–voltage, impedance, and transient conductance measurements have been carried out on indium-tin-oxide/poly(phenylene vinylene)/Al light emitting diodes. In these devices injection and transport is expected to be dominated by positive carriers. Fowler–Nordheim tunneling theory cannot account for the temperature dependence, the thickness dependence, or the current magnitude of the current–voltage characteristics. Space-charge limited current theory with an exponential distribution of traps is however in extremely good agreement with all of the recorded current–voltage results in the higher applied bias regime (approximately 0.7⩽V/d⩽1.6×106 V cm−1). This gives a trap density Ht of 5(±2)×1017 cm−3 and the product of μNHOMO of between 1014 and 5×1012 cm−1 V−1 s−1. Assuming NHOMO is 1020 cm−3 gives an effective positive carrier mobility between 10−6 and 5×10−8 cm2 V−1 s−1. The characteristic energy Et of the exponential trap distribution is 0.15 eV at higher temperatures (190⩽T⩽290 K), but this decreases as the devices are cooled, indicating that the distribution is in fact a much steeper function of energy closer to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels. The current–voltage characteristics in the lower applied bias regime (approximately V/d⩽0.7×106 V cm−1) can be fitted to pure space-charge limited current flow with a temperature and field dependent mobility of Arrhnenius form with a mobility at 290 K close to the above values. If NHOMO lies between 1021 and 1019 cm−3, then the trap filled limit bias gives a mobility independent value of Ht of 3(±1)×1017 cm−3. Capacitance–voltage measurements show that at zero bias the devices are fully depleted, and that the acceptor dopant density NA must be less than about 1016 cm−3. The impedance results show that the devices can be modeled on a single, frequency independent, parallel resistor-capacitor circuit with a small series resistor. The variation of the resistor and capacitor in the parallel circuit with applied bias and temperature are consistent with the space-charge limited current theory with the same exponential trap distribution used to model the current–voltage characteristics. Initial results for transient conductance measurements are reported. The transients have decay times greater than 300 s and exhibit a power-law dependence with time. This is shown to be exactly the behavior expected for the decay of an exponential trap distribution. Measurements at higher temperatures (290⩾T⩾150 K) give an Et of 0.15 eV, in excellent agreement with that found from the current–voltage measurements. This value of Et is exactly that found by similar analysis of the current–voltage characteristics in negative carrier dominated dialkoxy poly(phenylene vinylene) and Mq3 devices. It is proposed that this bulk transport dominated behavior is purely a consequence of hopping conduction through an approximately Gaussian density of states in which the deep sites act as traps.
Airway Smooth Muscle (2004)

It is well accepted that many organs in the human body no longer provide evolutionary advantage and appear to be lacking known function. These include the appendix, most body hair, wisdom teeth, male nipples, and external ear muscles, to name just a few. Even worse, many such organs, such as the appendix or wisdom teeth, can be the source of serious pain and medical problems. In this perspective, it is suggested that airway smooth muscle falls into this category—that of an organ with no essential physiologic function that can lead to serious medical problems. The function of smooth muscle in the airway wall has been speculated on for many years, but when looked at closely from a functional perspective, there really seems to be no need for airway smooth muscle. Indeed, most of the proposed reasons for presence of airway smooth muscle have not been based on experimental validation. In a recent discussion, Seow and Fredberg (1) commented that there is no known disease entity or physiologic deficit associated with loss of airway smooth muscle. They further suggested that perhaps airway smooth muscle was a vestigial remnant of its common embryologic origin with the gastrointestinal system, having no modern function. This conjecture, however, is in stark contrast to much classical thinking. In his extensive review article (2), Macklin could not imagine that such a system was there for no physiologic purpose, stating that “Organized as it is, into a very complex system, this muscle would seem of the utmost functional importance—in fact quite indispensable in respiration.” In this discussion, we consider the validity of 10 possible roles for airway smooth muscle that have appeared in the literature over the past 125 years. The emphasis will not be on whether smooth muscle is indispensable in respiration, but rather whether it is needed at all. These possible roles consist of the following: (1) peristalsis to assist exhalation, (2) peristalsis to assist mucus propulsion, (3) peristaltic contraction in the fetal lung to generate fluid pressure, (4) promoting lymphatic and venous flow, (5) ventilation/perfusion matching, (6) protecting the peripheral lung, (7) protecting airway structure, (8) stabilizing airways, (9) enhancing the effectiveness of cough, and (10) optimizing anatomic dead space volume.
Unusual Step Patterns in the Free Walking Grasshopper Neoconocephalus Robustus (1978)

ABSTRACT The free walking step patterns of the tettigonid Neoconocephalus robustus are described and compared with the predictions of a model for walking co-ordination developed for the stick insect. Regular absences of rear leg protractions are found when the animal has walked for some minutes. The relative phasing of leg protractions before and after isolated absences suggests that an absence is created by a failure to meet all the conditions required for a protraction and that a ‘central oscillator’ maintains its intrinsic rhythm during such an absence.
Nod2, a Nod1/Apaf-1 Family Member That Is Restricted to Monocytes and Activates NF-κB (2001)

Apaf-1 and Nod1 are members of a protein family, each of which contains a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) linked to a nucleotide-binding domain, which regulate apoptosis and/or NF-kappaB activation. Nod2, a third member of the family, was identified. Nod2 is composed of two N-terminal CARDs, a nucleotide-binding domain, and multiple C-terminal leucine-rich repeats. Although Nod1 and Apaf-1 were broadly expressed in tissues, the expression of Nod2 was highly restricted to monocytes. Nod2 induced nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, which required IKKgamma and was inhibited by dominant negative mutants of IkappaBalpha, IKKalpha, IKKbeta, and IKKgamma. Nod2 interacted with the serine-threonine kinase RICK via a homophilic CARD-CARD interaction. Furthermore, NF-kappaB activity induced by Nod2 correlated with its ability to interact with RICK and was specifically inhibited by a truncated mutant form of RICK containing its CARD. The identification of Nod2 defines a subfamily of Apaf-1-like proteins that function through RICK to activate a NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
COMPLEMENTARY CHROMATIC ADAPTATION IN A FILAMENTOUS BLUE-GREEN ALGA (1973)

Fluorescent and red light environments generate greatly different patterns of pigmentation and morphology in Fremyella diplosiphon. Most strikingly, red-illuminated cultures contain no measurable C-phycoerythrin and have a mean filament length about 10 times shorter than fluorescent-illuminated cultures. C-phycoerythrin behaves as a photoinducible constituent of this alga. Spectrophotometric and immunochemical procedures were devised so that C-phycoerythrin metabolism could be studied quantitatively with [(14)C]-phenylalanine pulse-chased cultures. Transfer of red-illuminated cultures to fluorescent light initiates C-phycoerythrin production by essentially de novo synthesis. C-phycoerythrin is not degraded to any significant extent in cultures continuously illuminated with fluorescent light. Transfer of fluorescent-illuminated cultures to red light causes an abrupt cessation of C-phycoerythrin synthesis. The C-phycoerythrin content of cultures adapting to red light decreases and subsequently becomes constant. Loss of C-phycoerythrin is not brought about by metabolic degradation, but rather by a decrease in mean filament length which is effected by transcellular breakage. In this experimental system, light influences intracellular C-phycoerythrin levels by regulating the rate of synthesis of the chromoprotein.
Chemical activation of nitrocellulose membranes for peptide antigen‐antibody binding studies: Direct substitution of the nitrate group with diaminoalkane (1993)

A method to covalently link peptide and proteins, through a diaminoalkane spacer to nitrocellulose membrane was developed for immunochemical applications. Initially the nitrocellulose membrane was modified by covalent incorporation of diaminoalkane spacers without any prior activation. The incorporation was shown primarily to involve alpha-elimination of the nitrate groups, and an imine was formed between the carbonyl group on the membrane and the diaminoalkane. The rate of incorporation increased exponentially with the length of the diaminoalkane as determined by a ninhydrin colorimetric reaction, which was developed for the study. More than 200 nmole diamine per mg nitrocellulose could be incorporated, but less than 11 nmol/mg (63 nmol/cm2) was chosen in order to retain the strength of the membrane. The primary amino groups of the modified membrane was glutaraldehyde activated and the octapeptide, angiotensin II, was covalently bound. A dot immunoassay was performed where specific anti-angiotensin II antibodies reacted with the peptide and was visualized by peroxidase coupled secondary antibodies. The results were quantified by video densitometry above 0.005 microgram AII per cm2. The immunoassay showed improved detection of the peptide on the activated as compared to unactivated membrane as well as increased retention of radiolabeled [125I]angiotensin II.
The Walter Reed Staging Classification for HTLV-III/LAV Infection (1986)

Before the identification of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) as the cause of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the clinical recognition of this disease depended on the occurrence of secondary opportunistic infections and certain neoplastic processes.1 However, focusing on the late complications of HTLV-III infections severely limits the clinical appreciation of the spectrum of disease as related to the causative agent. Although the natural history of HTLV-III infection is only partially defined, it is clear that patients with AIDS represent only a minority of the patients who have been infected. The clinical presentation of patients with . . .
Pentosidine Plasma Levels and Relation with Metabolic Control in Diabetic Patients (2005)

Levels of plasma pentosidine, a well-known AGE, were measured in type 2 diabetic patients in varying states of metabolic control to verify possible relationships between this parameter and traditional metabolic control parameters such as HbA1c and plasma glucose levels. At baseline, mean values of fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and pentosidine were significantly higher in diabetic patients than those of controls, confirming patients' poor glycemic control. After ten months, patients with good metabolic control achieved showed near-normal HbA1c levels and reduced but not normalized pentosidine levels. Significant differences were found in the mean percentage decrease in the parameters. Regarding linear correlation, HbA1c levels only showed a positive relationship with plasma glucose values at baseline. Patients affected by chronic complications showed higher levels of pentosidine than those without complications. Thus, pentosidine plasma levels may be used to evaluate very long-term metabolic control in diabetic patients. In addition, a period of ten months of acceptable metabolic control is not enough to normalize pentosidine levels in diabetics, thus emphasizing the need for a longer period of improved metabolic control to reduce both this parameter and the burden of chronic diabetic complications.
AL2CO: calculation of positional conservation in a protein sequence alignment (2001)

The C code of the AL2CO program and its pre-compiled versions for several platforms as well as the details of the analysis are freely available at ftp://iole.swmed.edu/pub/al2co/.
Production of Immunity to Dengue with Virus Modified by Propagation in Mice (1945)

It has been demonstrated that dengue virus can be propagated by intracerebral inoculation in mice. Although initial adaptation to the mouse is a tedious and difficult process, 16 consecutive passages have been achieved already in one series and further passages are in progress. The virus propagated in mice produced dengue in human volunters, but was not pathogenic for cotton rats, hamsters, guinea pigs or rabbits. Although it was evident that even after 2 serial passages in mice the virus produced a modified type of disease in human beings, tests with the 7th, 9th and 10th passage material indicated that the modification had become so marked that it could be used as a vaccine for the production of immunity against dengue.
RNA aptamers specifically interact with the prion protein PrP (1997)

We have isolated RNA aptamers which are directed against the recombinant Syrian golden hamster prion protein rPrP23-231 (rPrPc) fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST). The aptamers did not recognize the fusion partner GST or the fusion protein GST::rPrP90-231 (rPrP27-30), which lacks 67 amino acids from the PrP N terminus. The aptamer-interacting region of PrPc was mapped to the N-terminal amino acids 23 to 52. Sequence analyses suggest that the RNA aptamers may fold into G-quartet-containing structural elements. Replacement of the G residues in the G quartet scaffold with uridine residues destroyed binding to PrP completely, strongly suggesting that the G quartet motif is essential for PrP recognition. Individual RNA aptamers interact specifically with prion protein in brain homogenates from wild-type mice (C57BL/6), hamsters (Syrian golden), and cattle as shown by supershifts obtained in the presence of anti-PrP antibodies. No interaction was observed with brain homogenates from PrP knockout mice (prn-p(0/0)). Specificity of the aptamer-PrP interaction was further confirmed by binding assays with antisense aptamer RNA or a mutant aptamer in which the guanosine residues in the G tetrad scaffold were replaced by uridine residues. The aptamers did not recognize PrP27-30 in brain homogenates from scrapie-infected mice. RNA aptamers may provide a first milestone in the development of a diagnostic assay for the detection of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.
Activation of Yeast PBS2 MAPKK by MAPKKKs or by Binding of an SH3-Containing Osmosensor (1995)

The role of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades in integrating distinct upstream signals was studied in yeast. Mutants that were not able to activate PBS2 MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK; Pbs2p) at high osmolarity were characterized. Pbs2p was activated by two independent signals that emanated from distinct cell-surface osmosensors. Pbs2p was activated by MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) Ssk2p and Ssk22p that are under the control of the SLN1-SSK1 two-component osmosensor. Alternatively, Pbs2p was activated by a mechanism that involves the binding of its amino terminal proline-rich motif to the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of a putative transmembrane osmosensor Sho1p.
Thalidomide-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (1984)

• Sensory neuropathies developed in three of four patients with prurigo nodularis who had been treated with thalidomide. The serum samples of the patients who had neuropathy produced morphologic changes in cultured dorsal root ganglion cells. These observed changes support the postulate that thalidomide induces primary neuronal degeneration. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1984;120:1466-1470)
7.* SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF 1-R-3-(2- BENZIMIDAZOLYL)-4-HYDROXY-2-QUINOLONES (1993)

It is common knowledge that among diseases connected with dysfunction of organs of the endocrine system second place according to rate of occurrence is occupied by pathology of the thyroid gland. At the present time, according to VOZ data, there are worldwide more than 200 million afflicted with endemic goiter. The complicated, insufficiently effective conservative and surgical methods for medical treatment of diseased thyroid gland points to the necessity for a further search for more effective pharmacological materials for the correction of pathology of this type. Designed screening conducted by us for 2-oxo-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxamides by the use of the complex ORACLE program, developed jointly with the BIKhS Scientific Research Institute and the Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Latvian Academy of Sciences [2], showed the advisability of an experimental study of the antithyroid activity of compounds of this type (confidence coefficient = 0.26). On the other hand, fairly high antithyroid action has been recorded for benzimidazoles [3]. We were therefore interested in combining in one molecule these two heterocyclic systems with the aim of creating potential drug materials, useful for treatment of diseased thyroid glands associated with thyrotoxicosis. The present study is devoted to the development of means for preparing and studying the biological activity of 1-R-3-(2benzimidazolyl)-4-hydroxy-2-quinolones, which were synthesized by fusing the corresponding esters I with an equimolar quantity of o-phenylene diamine. It was thus shown that, depending upon the conditions of synthesis, the intermediate aminoanilide II maybe isolated, the free amino group of which can be easily identified by 1H NMR spectral data (Table 1) or by the formation of the N-acyl derivative, for example IV, or finally the benzimidazoles III (Table 2).
Electrochemical experiments in cold nuclear fusion (1989)

Recently, two scientific papers have reported positive detection of nuclear radiation from similar electrochemical cells operating with deuterated water. We have experimented with similar electrolytic cells and have looked for energetic charged particles which are characteristic of nuclear fusion reactions. We report on six variations of the cell, with an upper limit of 0.005 detected particles/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ sec. Within background statistics, we observe no nuclear fusions.