gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wnt signaling in cartilage development and degeneration (2008)

The Wnt signaling network, which is composed of Wnt ligands, receptors, antagonists, and intracellular signaling molecules, has emerged as a powerful regulator of cell fate, proliferation, and function in multicellular organisms. Over the past two decades, the critical role of Wnt signaling in embryonic cartilage and bone development has been well established, and much has been learnt regarding the role of Wnt signaling in chondrogenesis and cartilage development. However, relatively little is known about the role of Wnt signaling in adult articular cartilage and degenerative cartilage tissue. This review will briefly summarize recent advances in Wnt regulation of chondrogenesis and hypertrophic maturation of chondrocytes, and review data concerning the role of Wnt signaling in the maintenance and degeneration of articular chondrocytes and cartilage.
Arterial blood pressure responses to graded transient arousal from sleep in normal humans (1993)

During obstructive sleep apnea, transient arousal at the resumption of breathing is coincident with a substantial rise in blood pressure. To assess the hemodynamic effect of arousal alone, 149 transient stimuli were administered to five normal subjects. Two electroencephalograms (EEG), an electrooculogram, a submental electromyogram (EMG), and beat-to-beat blood pressure (Finapres, Ohmeda) were recorded in all subjects. Stimulus length was varied to produce a range of cortical EEG arousals that were graded as follows: 0, no increase in high-frequency EEG or EMG; 1, increased high-frequency EEG and/or EMG for < 10 s; 2, increased high-frequency EEG and/or EMG for > 10 s. Overall, compared with control values, average systolic pressure rose [nonrapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep 10.0 +/- 7.69 (SD) mmHg; rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep 6.0 +/- 6.73 mmHg] and average diastolic pressure rose (NREM sleep 6.1 +/- 4.43 mmHg; REM sleep 3.7 +/- 3.02 mmHg) over the 10 s following the stimulus (NREM sleep, P < 0.0001; REM sleep, P < 0.002). During NREM sleep, there was a trend toward larger blood pressure rises at larger grades of arousal (systolic: r = 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.40; diastolic: r = 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.31-0.62). The average blood pressure rise in response to the grade 2 arousals was approximately 75% of that during obstructive sleep apnea. Arousal stimuli that did not cause EEG arousal still produced a blood pressure rise (mean systolic rise 8.6 +/- 7.0 mmHg, P < 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Affect Growth Regulation of Human Mesothelioma Cells (2004)

This study presents data suggesting that both human mesothelioma (cell lines and human mesothelioma biopsies) and human normal mesothelial cells express receptors for acetylcholine and that stimulation of these receptors by nicotine prompted cell growth via activation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Thus, these data demonstrate that: (a) human mesothelioma cells and human biopsies of mesothelioma as well as of normal pleural mesothelial cells express functionally alpha-7 nicotinic acethlycholine receptors, evaluated by alpha-bungarotoxin-FITC binding, receptor binding assay, Western blot, and reverse transcription-PCR; (b) choline acetyltransferase immunostaining is present in mesothelioma cells; (c) mesothelioma cell growth is modulated by the cholinergic system in which agonists (i.e., nicotine) has a proliferative effect, and antagonists (i.e., curare) has an inhibitory effect, evaluated by cell cloning, DNA synthesis and cell cycle; (d) nicotine induces Ca(+2) influx, evaluated by [(45)Ca(2+)] uptake, and consequently activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p90(RSK) phosphorylation), evaluated by Western blot; and (e) apoptosis mechanisms in mesothelioma cells are under the control of the cholinergic system (nicotine antiapoptotic via induction of nuclear factor-kappaB complexes and phosphorylation of Bad at Ser(112); curare proapoptotic via G(0)-G(1) arrest p21(waf-1) dependent but p53 independent). The involvement of the nonneuronal cholinergic system in mesothelioma appears reasonable and open up new therapeutic strategies.
Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor released by synthetic guidance channels promotes facial nerve regeneration in the rat (2002)

Regeneration of the human facial nerve after lesion is often limited, leading to severe functional impairments, in particular when repair is delayed for several months, when cross-facial nerve grafts have to be performed, or in elderly patients. To improve the outcome, the potential accelerating and maturating effects of the neurotrophic factors glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) on nerve regeneration were assessed using an axotomy model of the rat facial nerve. One-centimeter-long synthetic guidance channels releasing the neurotrophic factors over several weeks were used to bridge an 8 mm nerve gap, a distance that does not allow regeneration in the absence of growth factors. Nerve cables regenerated in the presence of GDNF showed a large number of myelinated axons 6 weeks after grafting (871 +/- 373, n = 5), whereas only 106 +/- 86 (n = 5) myelinated axons were counted in the presence of NT-3. Retrograde labeling with fluorogold revealed 981 +/- 450 (n = 5) and 53 +/- 38 (n = 5) retrogradely labeled motoneurons in the facial nucleus in the presence of GDNF and NT-3, respectively. No regenerated axons or retrogradely labeled cells were observed in the absence of growth factors (n = 6). These results demonstrate that GDNF, as previously described for the sciatic nerve, a mixed sensory and motor nerve, is also very efficient in promoting regeneration of the facial nerve, an essentially pure motor nerve. GDNF may therefore be useful in improving facial nerve regeneration in the clinic.
Improved fiber-optic chemical sensor for penicillin (1995)

An optical penicillin biosensor is described, based on the enzyme penicillinase. The sensor is fabricated by selective photodeposition of analyte-sensitive polymer matrices on optical imaging fibers. The penicillin-sensitive matrices are fabricated by immobilizing the enzyme as micrometer-sized particles in a polymer hydrogel with a covalently bound pH indicator. An array of penicillin-sensitive and pH-sensitive matrices are fabricated on the same fiber. This array allows for the simultaneous, independent measurement of pH and penicillin. Independent measurement of the two analytes allows penicillin to be quantitated in the presence of a concurrent pH change. An analysis was conducted of enzyme kinetic parameters in order to model the penicillin response of the sensor at all pH values. This analysis accounts for the varying activity of the immobilized penicillinase at different pH values. The sensor detects penicillin in the range 0.25-10.0 mM in the pH range 6.2-7.5. The sensor was used to quantify penicillin concentration produced during a Penicillium chrysogenum fermentation.
How do managers learn to manage? (2002)

Discusses the way in which managers can learn how to be effective managers. Considers the value of the management literature noting that changes in management practice have resulted from external conditions and trends, rather than from theories. Stresses that the human aspects can only be learnt by personal experience and by working under “good” and “bad” managers; however experience is of limited value unless one constantly thinks and feels about the experience.
Increased unsaturated fatty acid production associated with a suppressor of the fabA6(Ts) mutation in Escherichia coli (1996)

Plasmids that corrected the temperature-sensitive unsaturated fatty acid auxotrophy of strain M6 [fabA6 (Ts)] were isolated from an Escherichia coli genomic library. Subcloning and physical mapping localized the new gene (called sfa for suppressor of fabA) at 1,070 kb on the E. coli chromosome. DNA sequencing revealed the presence of a 227-bp open reading frame which directed the synthesis of a peptide of approximately 8 kDa, which correlated with the correction of the fabA6(Ts) phenotype. However, the sfa gene was an allele-specific suppressor since plasmids harboring the sfa gene corrected the growth phenotype of fabA6(Ts) mutants but did not correct the growth of fabA2(Ts) or fabB15(Ts) unsaturated fatty acid auxotrophs. Overexpression of the sfa gene in fabA6(Ts) mutants restored unsaturated fatty acid content at 42 degrees C, and overexpression in wild-type cells resulted in a substantial increase in the unsaturated fatty acid content of the membrane. Thus, the suppression of the fabA6(Ts) mutation by sfa was attributed to its ability to increase the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.
More than 9,000,000 Unique Genes in Human Gut Bacterial Community: Estimating Gene Numbers Inside a Human Body (2009)

By combining completed genomes currently available and culture-independent sequencing data, we built a model to estimate the number of genes in human gut bacterial community. The total number of genes is estimated to be about 9 million. Although this number is huge, we believe it is underestimated. This is an initial step to tackle this gene counting problem for the human super-organism. It will still be an open problem in the near future. The list of genomes used in this paper can be found in the supplementary table.
A Tour of Trellis Graphics (1996)

This document leads you through Trellis graphics: it shows the functions in the Trellis library, it describes the common arguments that the functions share, and shows how Trellis displays are customized for various graphical devices. Other information is available about Trellis, including a user&amp;apos;s manual and a journal article with data analysis examples. To find these and more, refer to the Trellis web page:
Effect of nicotinamide analogues on recovery from DNA damage in C3H10T1/2 cells. (1984)

The effects of nicotinamide analogues on cellular recovery following N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) treatment have been characterized in the transformable cell line, C3H10T1/2. The recovery of cell division potential was measured under conditions which allow simultaneous quantification of intracellular levels of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and rates of RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis. 3- Methoxybenzamide (MBA), 3-aminobenzamide, and benzamide, which are effective inhibitors of adenosine diphosphate ribosyltransferases , blocked recovery of cell division following treatment with 34 microM MNNG, while the noninhibitors , 3- methoxybenzoate and benzoate, had no effect. In the presence of MBA, cells progressively lost the ability to resume cell division during the first 24 to 36 hr following DNA damage. The intracellular levels of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) increased approximately 7-fold within 20 min following MNNG treatment, and 1 mM MBA inhibited this increase by approximately 82%. In the presence of MBA, a dramatic decrease in the rate of DNA synthesis occurred approximately 16 hr after MNNG treatment, while RNA and protein synthesis continued at rates similar to those in cells treated with MNNG alone.
Wheat gluten challenge in schizophrenic patients (1981)

Eight chronic schizophrenic patients were maintained on a diet free of gluten, cereal grains, and milk (CM-F diet) and challenged in a double-blind manner with dietary wheat gluten and placebo. While on the CM-F diet, each patient received a daily challenge of 30 g of gluten for 5 weeks and a placebo challenge for 8 weeks. No deterioration in clinical status as measured by the BPRS was noted on gluten challenge. Serum alpha 1 acid glycoprotein measurement demonstrated no evidence of inflammatory response to gluten challenge. The data suggest that sensitivity to dietary gluten is not characteristic of young chronic schizophrenic patients.
RNase E activity is conferred by a single polypeptide: overexpression, purification, and properties of the ams/rne/hmp1 gene product. (1993)

Ribonuclease E, an enzyme that processes pre-5S rRNA from its precursor, is now believed to be the major endoribonuclease participating in mRNA turnover in Escherichia coli. The product of the ams/rne/hmp1 gene, which is required for RNase E activity, was overexpressed, purified to near homogeneity by electroelution from an SDS/polyacrylamide gel, and renatured. The purified polypeptide possesses nucleolytic activity in vitro with a specificity identical to that observed for crude RNase E preparations. In addition, both UV crosslinking and RNA-protein blotting unambiguously showed that the Ams/Rne/Hmp1 polypeptide has a high affinity for RNA. Our results demonstrate that RNase E activity is directly attributable to, and is an inherent property of, an RNA-binding protein, the ams/rne/hmp1 gene product.
Pralatrexate in patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL): Relationship between response and survival. (2010)

8054 Background: Pralatrexate (FOLOTYN) is a targeted antifolate designed for preferential uptake and accumulation in tumor cells, due to high affinity for reduced folate carrier and efficient polyglutamation by folypolyglutamyl synthetase. Pralatrexate was approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL based on the results of the pivotal trial PROPEL (Pralatrexate in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma), which was the largest prospective study in this patient population. The primary end point, objective response rate (ORR) by independent central review using International Workshop Criteria, was 29% (32/109), including 11% complete response/complete response unconfirmed (CR/CRu) with a median duration of response of 10.1 months. The ORR by investigator assessment was 39% (43/109), including 18% CR/CRu median. Overall survival was 14.5 months. Methods: The relationship between the PROPEL responses and survival were analyzed using time-dependent covariate and landmark methods, 2 well accepted methods for analyzing the association of tumor response and survival. Results: The time-dependent covariate analysis results are summarized below. Analysis using the landmark method at cycle 1 (approximately 7 weeks) had similar results. Conclusions: Responding patients had a 44% (per central review) to 56% (per investigator) reduction in risk of death (p=.07 and p<.01, respectively). The PROPEL results demonstrate substantial pralatrexate antitumor activity in patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL, and these responses are associated with prolonged survival. Evaluation Statistical Method N (# Responders) HR* (95% CI) p Central Review Time-Dep Covariate 109 (32) 0.56 (0.30, 1.05) .07 Investigator Time-Dep Covariate 109 (43) 0.44 (0.25, 0.78) <.01 * Hazard ratio of response to non-response based on the Cox model. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Allos Therapeutics Allos Therapeutics Allos Therapeutics Allos Therapeutics
Cyclosporin-A to prevent graft-versus-host disease: a pilot study in 22 patients receiving allogeneic marrow transplants (1983)

Cyclosporin-A (CsA) was given to 22 patients who received allogeneic bone marrow transplants as therapy for aplastic anemia and hematologic malignancies. The drug was given daily for 180 days starting with the day of marrow infusion. Engraftment was not impaired and myelotoxicity was not observed. Cutaneous graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developed in five patients and all either spontaneously resolved or promptly responded to therapy with steroids. Five patients developed systemic GVHD and all responded to therapy with steroids, but only two survived. Interstitial pneumonia was seen in six patients and was fatal in all of them. Liver function abnormalities were seen in 14 patients but could not positively be correlated with CsA administration. Renal function abnormalities were seen in 17 patients. Amphotericin-B therapy contributed significantly to the renal failure. Serum levels of CsA, measured by radioimmunoassay, could not be correlated with the presence of liver or renal function abnormalities. Overall survival so far has been 50.0%. Second malignancies were not observed, but one patient relapsed with leukemia at 343 days.
Increasing Affinity of Interferon-γReceptor 1 to Interferon-γby Computer-Aided Design (2013)

We describe a computer-based protocol to design protein mutations increasing binding affinity between ligand and its receptor. The method was applied to mutate interferon-γ receptor 1 (IFN-γ-Rx) to increase its affinity to natural ligand IFN-γ, protein important for innate immunity. We analyzed all four available crystal structures of the IFN-γ-Rx/IFN-γ complex to identify 40 receptor residues forming the interface with IFN-γ. For these 40 residues, we performed computational mutation analysis by substituting each of the interface receptor residues by the remaining standard amino acids. The corresponding changes of the free energy were calculated by a protocol consisting of FoldX and molecular dynamics calculations. Based on the computed changes of the free energy and on sequence conservation criteria obtained by the analysis of 32 receptor sequences from 19 different species, we selected 14 receptor variants predicted to increase the receptor affinity to IFN-γ. These variants were expressed as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli, and their affinities to IFN-γ were determined experimentally by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The SPR measurements showed that the simple computational protocol succeeded in finding two receptor variants with affinity to IFN-γ increased about fivefold compared to the wild-type receptor.
Advanced load-shedding methodology and architecture for normal and emergency operation of the Italian power system (2005)

The paper presents the actual situation and the on-going development concerning load participation to power system security in Italy. It is intended as a contribution to a panel session organized by the Fast-Acting Load Control for System and Price Stability Task Force of the IEEE Power System Dynamic Performance Committee. The architecture of an integrated system for security control aimed at fronting alert and emergency situations and at implementing preventive control actions by means of load control is presented. Some operating experiences on load-shedding by interruptible loads for normal and emergency operation of the Italian power system are reported.
IBC c-Si solar cells based on ion-implanted poly-silicon passivating contacts (2016)

Ion-implanted poly-crystalline silicon (poly-Si), in combination with a tunnel oxide layer, is investigated as a carrier-selective passivating contact in c-Si solar cells based on an interdigitated back contact (IBC) architecture. The optimized poly-Si passivating contacts enable low interface recombination, resulting in implied V OC (iV OC ) of about 720 mV and 704 mV for n-type and p-type, respectively, before any hydrogenation step. It is found that high-quality passivation can be obtained when confining the dopants within the poly-Si layers and realizing a shallow diffusion of dopants into the c-Si bulk, meaning a sharp decrease in doping concentration in the c-Si at the poly-Si/c-Si interface. The doping profile at the poly-Si/c-Si interface can be influenced by poly-Si layer thickness, poly-Si ion-implantation parameters, and post-implantation annealing conditions. The detailed discussion on the passivation properties of the poly-Si passivating contacts and their preparation conditions are presented in this paper. In addition, IBC solar cells with/without front surface field (FSF) are fabricated, with the optimized poly-Si passivating contacts as back surface field, BSF (n-type poly-Si), and emitter (p-type poly-Si). The best cell shows an efficiency of 21.2% (V OC 692 mV, J SC 39.2 mA/cm 2 , FF 78.3%, and pFF83.5%).
Coordination context-based spectrum sharing for 5G millimeter-wave networks (2014)

Spectrum sharing is particularly promising for 5G-oriented millimeter-wave (MMW) networks, since MMW network deployments are predominantly expected to be only partially overlapping or adjacent islands, and it would not make sense to assign a dedicated sub-band to each operator in this case. However,
Human T cell immunosenescence and inflammation in aging (2017)

The aging process is driven by a finite number of inter-related mechanisms that ultimately lead to the emergence of characteristic phenotypes, including increased susceptibility to multiple chronic diseases, disability, and death. New assays and analytical tools have become available that start to unravel some of these mechanisms. A prevailing view is that aging leads to an imbalance between stressors and stress-buffering mechanisms that causes loss of compensatory reserve and accumulation of unrepaired damage. Central to this paradigm are changes in the immune system and the chronic low-grade proinflammatory state that affect many older individuals, even when they are apparently healthy and free of risk factors. Independent of chronological age, high circulating levels of proinflammatory markers are associated with a high risk of multiple adverse health outcomes in older persons. In this review, we discuss current theories about causes and consequences of the proinflammatory state of aging, with a focus on changes in T cell function. We examine the role of NF-κB activation and its dysregulation and how NF-κB activity differs among subgroups of T cells. We explore emerging hypotheses about immunosenescence and changes in T cell behavior with age, including consideration of the T cell antigen receptor and regulatory T cells (T<sub>regs</sub>). We conclude by illustrating how research using advanced technology is uncovering clues at the core of inflammation and aging. Some of the preliminary work in this field is already improving our understanding of the complex mechanisms by which immunosenescence of T cells is intertwined during human aging.
Efficient balanced codes (1986)

Coding schemes in which each codeword contains equally many zeros and ones are constructed in such a way that they can be efficiently encoded and decoded.
Interface reactions and Kirkendall voids in metal organic vapor-phase epitaxy grown Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films on GaAs (2006)

Cu ( In 1 − x Ga x ) Se 2 (CIGS) films were grown on (001) GaAs at 570 or 500°C by means of metal organic vapor-phase epitaxy. All films were Cu-rich [Cu∕(In+Ga)&amp;gt;1] with pseudomorphic Cu2Se second phase particles found only on the growth surface. During growth, diffusion of Ga from the substrate and vacancies generated by the formation of CIGS from Cu2Se at the surface occurred. The diffusion processes lead to the formation of Kirkendall voids at the GaAs/CIGS interface. Transmission electron microscopy and nanoprobe energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to analyze the diffusion and void formation processes. The diffusivity of Ga in CIGS was found to be relatively low. This is postulated to be due to a comparatively low concentration of point defects in the epitaxial films. A reaction model explaining the observed profiles and voids is proposed.
Relation Between Cardiac Sympathetic Activity and Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (2003)

Our findings demonstrate that hypertensive LV hypertrophy is associated with increased sympathetic activity largely confined to the heart, suggesting that increased cardiac norepinephrine release is related to the development of LV hypertrophy.