gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis using fetal cells from the maternal circulation. (1993)

All current methods of fetal karyotyping are invasive and carry a definite, albeit small, procedure-related risk. Because of this and testing costs, only women older than 35 years who have a greater risk for fetal aneuploidy are currently offered prenatal testing. But this detects only 20% to 25% of fetuses with Down syndrome. It would be a tremendous advance to find a noninvasive technique for prenatal diagnosis that carries no procedure-related risk and could be offered to all pregnant women. We describe a possible technique for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis that aims to identify fetal cells in the peripheral maternal circulation and successfully garner them for prenatal testing. Early attempts at fetal karyotyping were hampered by inaccurate diagnostic methods and cumbersome cell-counting techniques. Today, improved capabilities of identifying and enriching for fetal cells, coupled with sensitive methods of analysis such as the polymerase chain reaction, bring renewed enthusiasm to this task. Many technical issues, as well as serious questions regarding the test's utility, still exist, however, and must be explored and answered before the capture of fetal cells in the maternal circulation translates into reality for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis.
The structural stability of a protein is an important determinant of its proteolytic susceptibility in Escherichia coli (1989)

To investigate the relationship between the degradation rate of a protein in Escherichia coli and its thermal stability in vitro, we constructed a set of variants of the N-terminal domain of lambda repressor with a wide range of melting temperatures. Pulse-chase experiments showed that, within this set, the proteins that are most thermally stable have the longest intracellular half-lives and vice versa. Moreover, second-site mutations which act directly or indirectly to increase the thermodynamic stability of the native N-terminal domain were found to suppress the intracellular degradation of one of the unstable mutants. These data suggest that thermal stability is, indeed, a key determinant of the proteolytic susceptibility of this protein in the cell. It is not the sole determinant, however, as sequences at the extreme C terminus of the N-terminal domain can influence proteolytic sensitivity without affecting the stability of the native structure. We propose that the thermal stability of the N-terminal domain of lambda repressor is an important determinant of its proteolytic sensitivity because degradation proceeds primarily from the unfolded form and that sequence determinants within the unfolded chain influence whether the unfolded protein will be a good substrate for proteolytic enzymes.
Near-infrared spectroscopy (1997)

Resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock may not uniformly restore cellular oxygenation, despite normalization of traditional parameters of resuscitation. Direct monitoring of cytochrome oxidation may be useful in identifying regional areas of dysoxia.
Handbook of cancer vaccines (2004)

Morse, Michael A.; Clay, Timothy M.; Kim Lyerly, H.; Riley, Patrick A. Author Information
Vinyl Sulfone Bifunctional Derivatives of DOTA Allow Sulfhydryl- or Amino-Directed Coupling to Antibodies. Conjugates Retain Immunoreactivity and Have Similar Biodistributions (2001)

We have synthesized a bifunctional vinyl sulfone-cysteineamido derivative of DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) that can be conjugated to the sulfhydryls of mildly reduced recombinant antibody (chimeric anti-CEA antibody cT84.66) at pH 7 or to the amino groups of lysine residues at pH 9. The conjugation is sulfhydryl specific at pH 7 (case 1), and amino specific at pH 9 (case 2) as long as the antibody has no free sulhydryl groups. At a molar ratio of 50 BCA (bifunctional chelating agent) to mAb, the number of chelates conjugated is 0.8 for case 1, and 4.6 for case 2. The resulting conjugates can be radiolabeled with (111)In to high specific activity (5 mCi/mg) with high efficiency (>95%) at 43 degrees C in 60 min. The radiolabeled conjugates retained >95% immunoreactivity and are stable in serum containing 1mM DTPA over 3 d. When the radiolabeled conjugates were injected into nude mice bearing LS174T human colon tumor xenografts, over 40% ID/g accumulated in tumors during the period 24-72h. Tumor-to-blood ratios were 4.5, 3.5, and 2.5 for the sulfhydryl coupled conjugate at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, and 2.7, 2.5, and 2.3 for the amino-coupled conjugate at the same time points. For other organs the biodistributions were nearly identical whether the conjugates were attached via sulfhydryl or amino groups. These novel BCAs are easy to synthesize, offer versatile conjugation options, and give equivalent biodistributions that result in high tumor uptake and good tumor-to-blood ratios.
Macrocycle Breathing in [2]Rotaxanes with Tetralactam Macrocycles (2010)

The structural dynamics of two pairs of [2]rotaxanes were compared using variable-temperature NMR. Each rotaxane had a surrounding tetralactam macrocycle with either 2,6-pyridine dicarboxamide or isophthalamide bridging units. Differences were observed in two types of rotational processes: spinning of the phenylene wall units in the surrounding macrocycle of squaraine rotaxanes and macrocycle pirouetting in xanthone rotaxanes. The rotaxanes with macrocycles containing 2,6-pyridine dicarboxamide bridges exhibited higher rotational barriers due to a cavity contraction effect, which disfavored macrocycle breathing.
Synthesis of porous materials by 2‐nitroresorcinol/cyanuric chloride thermal polycondensation in emulsions (2008)

Abstract Rigid monoliths were prepared from concentrated oil in water (O/W) emulsions by a base‐catalyzed polycondensation reaction of 2‐nitroresorcinol with cyanuric chloride. Mercury intrusion/extrusion porosimetry confirmed that the obtained monoliths were porous with an open porosity. However, scanning electron microscopy showed that the structure of these materials was different from that of emulsion‐derived materials previously described in the literature [polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs)]. In comparison with polystyrene/divinylbenzene‐based polyHIPEs obtained by radical polymerization, these materials exhibited a higher skeletal density, and thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that they were more thermally stable. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Isolation, characterization and functional activity of human marrow stromal progenitors in hemopoiesis. (1994)

In conclusion, monoclonal antibody STRO-1 has proven to be an extremely valuable reagent for the identification, isolation and functional characterization of human bone marrow stromal cell precursors. We were able to isolate CFU-F free of contaminating hemopoietic progenitors and are beginning to construct a detailed picture of their cell surface phenotype and have developed assays to examine the conditions required for their growth and differentiation. In the future, we hope to determine whether multipotential stromal stem cells exist in human bone marrow and to establish culture conditions that selectively promote self-renewal or development along any of a number of stromal cell lineages. Such cells would be an ideal target for gene therapy and may provide a means of treating disorders of the hemopoietic system with a suspected stromal etiology, such as aplastic anemia. We have recently succeeded in generating bone cells from STRO-1+ marrow cells (Gronthos et al, in preparation) and thus marrow stromal cell precursors may also find application in the treatment of other disorders such as those of the osteogenic system. For the present, these must remain tantalizing possibilities.
Voltage‐activated and calcium‐activated currents studied in solitary rod inner segments from the salamander retina (1982)

1. Solitary rod inner segments were obtained by enzymatic dissociation of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) retina. Their membrane currents were studied with the single-pipette voltage-clamp technique. Individual currents were isolated with the aid of pharmacological agents.2. Extracellular caesium blocked a current activated by hyperpolarization from -30 mV. Changing external sodium and potassium concentrations altered the value of the reversal potential in a manner consistent with the current being carried equally by both ions.3. Extracellular tetraethylammonium (TEA) blocked a current activated by depolarization from -70 mV. In normal medium this current had a reversal potential of -72 mV. Changing the external potassium concentration altered the value of the reversal potential in a manner consistent with the current being carried predominantly by potassium.4. Extracellular cobalt blocked a current activated by depolarization that had an initial inward and a later outward component.5. After EGTA was injected into an inner segment the outward component was suppressed. Cobalt then blocked an inward current. This current is believed to be carried predominantly by calcium. The conductance increased with depolarization from -45 mV and reached a maximum at approximately 0 mV. Following a step of depolarization the current activated rapidly (< 20 msec) and then remained constant for at least several seconds without evidence of inactivation.6. Injecting caesium into an inner segment eliminated a calcium-activated outward current believed to be carried by potassium ions.7. After the injection of caesium there remained another calcium-activated current with a reversal potential of -17 mV. Changing extracellular chloride concentration altered the value of the reversal potential in a manner consistent with chloride carrying at least 70% of the current. Another anion may carry the balance.8. When the five currents mentioned in items 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 were blocked, the membrane resistance between -90 and -25 mV was linear, time-independent, and had a high value (2.1 GOmega).9. The five identified currents can all be activated in the physiological range of voltage in which salamander rods normally operate.
Disruption of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Homologue to the Murine Fatty Acid Transport Protein Impairs Uptake and Growth on Long-chain Fatty Acids (1997)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to utilize exogenous fatty acids for a variety of cellular processes including beta-oxidation, phospholipid biosynthesis, and protein modification. The molecular mechanisms that govern the uptake of these compounds in S. cerevisiae have not been described. We report the characterization of FAT1, a gene that encodes a putative membrane-bound long-chain fatty acid transport protein (Fat1p). Fat1p contains 623 amino acid residues that are 33% identical and 54% with similar chemical properties as compared with the fatty acid transport protein FATP described in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (Schaffer and Lodish (1994) Cell 79, 427-436), suggesting a similar function. Disruption of FAT1 results in 1) an impaired growth in YPD medium containing 25 microM cerulenin and 500 microM fatty acid (myristate (C14:0), palmitate (C16:0), or oleate (C18:1)); 2) a marked decrease in the uptake of the fluorescent long-chain fatty acid analogue boron dipyrromethene difluoride dodecanoic acid (BODIPY-3823); 3) a reduced rate of exogenous oleate incorporation into phospholipids; and 4) a 2-3-fold decrease in the rates of oleate uptake. These data support the hypothesis that Fat1p is involved in long-chain fatty acid uptake and may represent a long-chain fatty acid transport protein.
Studies on Indole Derivatives. I. Synthesis of 3-Phenyl-9H-pyridazino[3, 4-b]indole Derivatives. (1964)

Several 3-phenyl-9H-pyridazino[3, 4-b]indoles were prepared by heating 3-phenacyl-oxindoles and hydrazine hydrate in acetic acid solution.
A thermal gel depot for local delivery of paclitaxel to treat experimental brain tumors in rats (2009)

OncoGel containing 6.3 mg/ml of paclitaxel is safe for intracranial injection in rats and effective when administered on Day 0. When combined with radiation therapy, the combination was more effective than either therapy alone and should be studied clinically for the treatment of malignant glioma.
Characterization of hemolysin in extracellular products of Pseudomonas cepacia (1987)

Pseudomonas cepacia is recognized as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. We screened 120 strains of P. cepacia isolated from clinical specimens for production of extracellular products. About 70% of these strains produced lipase, protease, and lecithinase, but only 4% produced hemolysin. A hemolysin produced by P. cepacia JN106 was characterized. The hemolysin was most active against human erythrocytes. Horse, sheep, chicken, and rabbit erythrocytes were also susceptible. The hemolysin was heat labile and was inhibited by sterols but was not activated by 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol. Four hemolysin-negative mutants obtained by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment produced the other extracellular products. A 58-kilobase-pair plasmid found in the parent strain was also found in the mutant strains, suggesting that the hemolysin gene resides on the chromosome.
Synthesis of deoxydinucleoside phosphorodithioates (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of deoxydinucleoside phosphorodithioatesWolfgang K. D. Brill, John Nielsen, and Marvin H. CaruthersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 10, 3972–3980Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00010a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00010a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views968Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Combination therapy with PEG-IFN-α and 5-FU inhibits HepG2 tumour cell growth in nude mice by apoptosis of p53 (2007)

When the tumour suppressor p53 is activated by DNA damage, it stimulates the transcription of its target genes, which then induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Here, we examined the role p53 plays in the antitumour effect of combination treatment with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-alpha and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which has been shown to effectively treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nude mice were injected subcutaneously with cultured HepG2 cells, in which p53 is functional. They were treated a week later with PEG-IFN and/or 5-FU for 7 weeks, after which we measured and examined their tumours. Combination groups showed significantly lower tumour volumes and higher tumour cell apoptosis than the other groups. Combination treatment and PEG-IFN monotherapy also significantly elevated the p53 protein and mRNA levels in the tumour but only combination treatment increased the degree of p53 phosphorylation at serine46 and induced p53-regulated apoptosis-inducing protein 1 (p53AIP1) expression. The antitumour effects of combination treatment is due in part to the elevation by PEG-IFN of p53 protein and mRNA expression and in part to the DNA damage that is generated by 5-FU, which induces p53 serine46 phosphorylation, which in turn upregulates p53AIP1 expression.
보호고용수준의 지적장애인에 대한 직업적응훈련프로그램이 직업생활능력 향상에 미치는 효과에 관한 탐색적 고찰 : S장애인종합복지관 보호작업장 사례를 중심으로 (2014)

본 연구는 보호고용수준의 지적장애인의 직업생활능력 증진에 기여하고자 S장애인종합복지관 보호작업장에서 운영 중인 직업적응훈련프로그램의 효과성(직업샐활능력향상)을 실증적으로 탐색함으로써 본 프로그램의 실천적 유용성을 확인하고 이를 바탕으로 증거기반실천(EBP)의 기틀을 마련하는 데 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 조사설계는 집단실험설계 중 단일집단 사전사후설계를 적용하고, 프로그램효과는 지역사회적응검사(CIS-A)척도를 활용하여 사전-사후측정에 의한 차이점수를 대응표본 t검정(paired t-test)을 통해 통계적 유의성을 평가하였다. 분석결과, 직업적응훈련프로그램은 지적장애인의 직업생활능력 전체는 물론 이의 하위요소로서의 직업기능특성(특히 직업준비와 태도부분)과 대인관계 및 여가특성(특히 대인관계기술에 대한 인식수준)에 모두 긍정적인 효과가 있 을 수 있음이 확인되었다. 이에 앞으로 탐색이상의 의미 있는 임상적 효과발현을 위한 프로그램의 정 교화노력과 타 기관에의 적용을 위한 구체화 작업이 요구된다 할 수 있겠다.
Reversal of incipient and radiographic caries through the use of sodium and stannous fluoride dentifrices in a clinical trial. (1998)

Experimental evidence has clearly demonstrated that the early stages of lesion formation (enamel demineralization) are reversible following exposure to saliva and/or fluoride. Clinical evidence for remineralization has also been reported extensively in the literature. However, the literature is lacking with respect to data from well-controlled clinical studies regarding the quantitative contribution of remineralization to arrestment and reversal of caries. Retrospective analysis of an existing clinical trial database provided an opportunity to examine the incidence of clinical lesion reversals in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded caries clinical study. The clinical study examined three treatment groups: 1) 0.243% sodium fluoride/silica dentifrice, 2) 0.4% stannous fluoride/calcium pyrophosphate (positive control) dentifrice and 3) non-fluoridated placebo/calcium pyrophosphate (negative control) dentifrice. Clinical measures in this study included both radiographic and visual-tactile assessments of caries. Examination of all subjects revealed a statistically greater frequency for caries reversals in the sodium fluoride group as compared to the placebo group at Year 3, for both total and radiographic caries. In contrast, while caries reversals in the stannous fluoride group occurred with greater frequency than in the placebo group at Year 3, for both total and radiographic caries, the differences were not statistically significant. When only subjects who were "at risk" for potential reversals (i.e., those with a minimum of one carious lesion at baseline) were examined, a statistically greater frequency in caries reversals was observed in both the sodium fluoride (total, incipient, and radiographic caries) and stannous fluoride (total and radiographic caries) groups as compared to the placebo group at Year 3. Collectively, these data confirm the ability of both 0.243% sodium fluoride/silica and 0.4% stannous fluoride/calcium pyrophosphate dentifrices to clinically reverse caries. The results suggest that sodium fluoride may deliver a greater frequency of caries reversals than stannous fluoride, although these treatments were not found to be significantly different.
O5‐04‐05: Aerobic exercise reduces phosphorylated tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (2015)

We have shown that in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, aerobic exercise has favorable effects on executive function and plasma beta amyloid, a biomarker linked to Alzheimer's disease pathology. These and similar findings by other investigators suggest that aerobic exercise may be a disease-modifying intervention for adults in the earliest stages of the disease. High tau protein levels in the brain predict rate of progression to Alzheimer's dementia; thus, identifying interventions that can successfully reduce tau levels is a priority in clinical treatment trials. We enrolled 65 sedentary older adults (age: 55-89yrs) with amnestic MCI and prediabetes, as per American Diabetes Association hemoglobin A1c criteria given the added dementia risk conferred by early glucometabolic disease. Participants were randomized to an aerobic training or a stretching control group, and completed structured exercise under the supervision of a trainer for 45-60 min, 4 times/week for 6 months using community facilities. The aerobic group exercised at 70-80% of heart rate reserve (HRR), while the stretching group exercised at an intensity below 35% HRR. At baseline and month 6, participants completed cognitive testing (verbal recall, tests of executive function), a 400m timed walk test, glucose tolerance test, body fat assessment, and blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection. Forty participants also received structural and functional brain MRI. ANCOVA models were used with adjustments for age and education. Adherence to the intervention protocols was 92%, and aerobic exercise improved walk times and glucose tolerance relative to the control group (p<0.05). Six months of structured moderate-to-high intensity aerobic exercise reduced CSF levels of phosphorylated and total tau protein, particularly for adults over the age of 70 years (p<0.05). We also report exercise-induced increases in blood flow in the right anteromedial temporal lobe region (p<0.05), and favorable effects on a composite measure of executive function (p<0.05). Six months of aerobic exercise is sufficient to favorably move tau protein levels in older adults at high risk of progression to dementia. These findings provide important evidence to support a disease-modifying effect and thus high therapeutic relevance of a readily accessible nonpharmacological intervention for adults with MCI.
Computationally efficient transforms for video coding (2005)

This paper describes the construction of computationally efficient transforms which can significantly reduce the complexity of a video decoder without loss in compression efficiency. In particular, these inverse transforms can be implemented using purely 16-bit arithmetic with similar rate-distortion performance to a 32-bit or floating point transform. To allow for variable block size coding, four 2D transforms are considered: one each for 8&8, 8&4, 4&8 and 4&4 blocks respectively. The design criteria for a pure 16 bit arithmetic implementation of the inverse transform are introduced, and used to derive the only useful set of transforms under these conditions. These transforms have been used in the WMV9/VC-1 codec to achieve significant reduction in computational complexity.
32. Patterns of Failure in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2003)

PROCEEDINGS: Program from the Annual Meeting of the American Radium Society: PAPERS: Monday, April 28, 2003: 10: 45 – 11: 35 AM: HEAD AND NECK PAPERS
Resource auction multiple access (RAMA) for statistical multiplexing of speech in wireless PCS (1994)

The excess capacity of resource auction multiple access (RAMA), originally proposed for fast handoffs and resource allocations in wireless personal communications systems (PCS), is evaluated for statistical multiplexing of speech. Using selected GSM parameters in conjunction with M-ary FSK for signaling, it is shown that, in cells with propagation delays of up to 45 /spl mu/s, 216 assignments/s are feasible. The aim is to exploit this large assignment capacity to increase channel utilization. The authors show that, for packet dropping probabilities of 1%, RAMA can have a multiplexing gain as high as 2.63 with fast speech detection and 2.28 with slow speech detection. RAMA permits graceful degradation during peak traffic demand by operating at higher packet dropping probabilities. The authors also observe that, at low values of packet dropping probability, delays experienced by transmitted packets are more evenly distributed for the case of fast speech detection while the bulk of the packets experience less delay with slow speech detection. Speech clipping statistics associated with various values of packet dropping probabilities are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>