gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fuzzy Logic Based Intelligent Negotiation Agent (FINA) in Ecommerce (2006)

With the evolution of electronic commerce (eCommerce) on the Web and the rise of interest in intelligence of software agents, automated negotiation is becoming an increasingly popular method for an eCommerce system to be efficient; however, negotiation, which takes place in transactions, is complicated, time-consuming and costly for participants to reach an agreement. This paper presents a model of an intelligent negotiation agent based on fuzzy logic methodology in order to alleviate the complexity of negotiation. The proposed negotiation agent model is particularly suitable to open environments, such as the Internet. The conventional methods, such as game theory, are incapable of handling an open environment where the information is sparse and full of uncertainty, while the fuzzy approaches are suitable to elegantly deal with this problem. The fuzzy logic based intelligent negotiation agent, presented in this paper, is able to interact autonomously and consequently save human labor in negotiations. The aim of modeling a negotiation agent is to reach mutual agreement efficiently and intelligently. The negotiation agent is able to negotiate with other such agents, over various sets of issues, on behalf of the real-world parties they represent, i.e. it can handle multi-issue negotiation. The reasoning model of the negotiation agent has been implemented partially by using c# based on Microsoft .NET. The reliability and the flexibility of the reasoning model are finally evaluated. The results show that performance of the proposed agent model is acceptable for negotiation parties to achieve mutual benefits
Understanding the Economics of Transportation Projects (2012)

Understanding the economic impacts of transportation projects is essential for decision makers, officials, and stakeholders as they determine the best course of action for their jurisdiction. Economic impacts can guide decisions of future projects and help explain past economic fluctuations. This study uses an evaluative (ex-post) analysis process to assess the generative economic impacts of transportation projects after completion that can be used to identify the economic impacts of transportation projects while quantifying their relationship. Both pre- and postconstruction data were collected and used to compare the trends of sales tax revenue and employment numbers adjacent to transportation projects in Utah over a 10-year period. Plots of the trends before, during, and after construction for each project in the analysis were generated. A formal process was created for completing the analysis for future study. Results indicate that there is a positive relationship between transportation improvement projects and sales tax revenues. This relationship amounts to approximately a 4.0 percent increase in trends compared to the state overall. Employment demonstrated a 4.5 percent increase compared to the state overall. Although the results are not considered statistically significant, they are considered practically significant and add to the literature on this topic.
Quantitative DNA methylation analysis based on four-dye trace data from direct sequencing of PCR amplificates (2004)

The algorithm we developed has several key properties: it analyzes trace files from PCR products of bisulfite-treated DNA sequenced directly on ABI machines; it yields quantitative methylation measurements for individual cytosine positions after alignment with genomic reference sequences, signal normalization and estimation of effectiveness of bisulfite treatment; it works in a fully automated pipeline including data quality monitoring; it is efficient and avoids the usual cost of multiple sequencing runs on subclones to estimate DNA methylation. The power of our new algorithm is demonstrated with data from two test systems based on mixtures with known base compositions and defined methylation. In addition, the applicability is proven by identifying CpGs that are differentially methylated in real tissue samples.
The COMS Randomized Trial of Iodine 125 Brachytherapy for Choroidal Melanoma, III: Initial Mortality Findings (2001)

Mortality rates following 125I brachytherapy did not differ from mortality rates following enucleation for up to 12 years after treatment of patients with choroidal melanoma who enrolled in this COMS trial. The power of the study was sufficient to indicate that neither treatment is likely to increase or decrease mortality rates by as much as 25% relative to the other.
Interactions of divalent cations with phosphatidylserine bilayer membranes (1984)

The interaction of divalent cations with a homologous series of diacylphosphatidylserines (diacyl-PS) has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Hydrated di-C14-PS (DMPS) exhibits a gel leads to liquid-crystal bilayer transition at 39 degrees C (delta H = 7.2 kcal/mol of DMPS). With increasing MgCl2 concentration, progressive conversion to a phase exhibiting a high melting (98 degrees C), high enthalpy (delta H congruent to 11.0 kcal/mol of DMPS) transition is observed. Similar behavior is observed for DMPS with increasing CaCl2 concentration. In this case, the high-temperature transition of the Ca2+-DMPS complex occurs at approximately 155 degrees C and is immediately followed by an exothermic transition probably associated with PS decomposition. For di-C12-, di-C14-, di-C16- (DPPS), and di-C18-PS, the transition temperatures of the Ca2+-PS complexes are in the range 151-155 degrees C; only di-C10-PS exhibits a significantly lower value, 142 degrees C. A different pattern of behavior is exhibited by DPPS in the presence of Sr2+ or Ba2+, with transitions in the range 70-80 degrees C being observed. X-ray diffraction of the Ca2+-PS complexes at 20 degrees C provides evidence of structural homology. All Ca2+-PS complexes exhibit bilayer structures, the bilayer periodicity increasing linearly from 35.0 A for di-C10-PS to 52.5 A for di-C18-PS. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction data indicate that hydrocarbon chain "crystallization" occurs on Ca2+-PS complex formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Complete amino acid sequence of a PLA2 from the tiger snake Notechis scutatus scutatus as deduced from a complementary DNA (1988)

Journal Article Complete amino acid sequence of a PLA2 from the tiger snake Notechis scutatus scutatus as deduced from a complementary DNA Get access Frédéric Ducancel, Frédéric Ducancel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gilberte Guignery-Frelat, Gilberte Guignery-Frelat Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christiane Bouchier, Christiane Bouchier 1Unité des Venins-Unité Associée Institut Pasteur/INSERM U28575015 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar André Ménez, André Ménez Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jean-Claude Boulain Jean-Claude Boulain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 18, 26 September 1988, Page 9049, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.18.9049 Published: 26 September 1988 Article history Received: 03 August 1988 Published: 26 September 1988
Generation of 425-nm light by waveguide frequency doubling of a GaAlAs laser diode in an extended-cavity configuration (1993)

A blue output power of 1.2 mW at 425 nm was generated using a periodically poled KTP waveguide for frequency doubling of a grating tuned, extended-cavity laser containing an antireflection-coated GaAlAs SQW-GRINSCH laser diode as the gain element. A normalized conversion efficiency of 127%/W cm2 was achieved in the extended-cavity configuration.
Stereoselective syntheses. VIII. Retentive nucleophilic displacements of .alpha.-substituted alkylferrocenes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective syntheses. VIII. Retentive nucleophilic displacements of .alpha.-substituted alkylferrocenesGeorge W. Gokel, Dieter Marquarding, and Ivar K. UgiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 20, 3052–3058Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00985a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00985a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1409Altmetric-Citations262LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bragg-Type Polarization Gratings Formed in Thick Polymer Films Containing Azobenzene and Tolane Moieties (2006)

Holographic gratings were formed in thick polymer films containing azobenzene and diphenylacetylene (tolane) moieties in the Bragg regime. Amorphous polymers containing various contents of the azobenzene moiety with photosensitivity and the tolane moiety with large birefringence in the side chain were synthesized, and optically transparent thick polymer films were prepared. The films were irradiated with a linearly polarized beam from an Ar+ laser (488 nm), and the transmittance of a He-Ne laser beam (633 nm) through a pair of crossed polarizers, with the film between them, was measured to estimate a photoinduced birefringence (deltan). The value of deltan increased with an increase in the tolane moiety content in the polymer films. When two linearly polarized beams at 488 nm were interfered in the film, a diffraction beam was observed, and the maximum diffraction efficiency (eta) increased with the tolane moiety content. In the film containing 70 mol% of the tolane moiety, the highest eta of 99% was achieved, and angular selectivity due to Bragg diffraction was clearly observed. We consider the cooperative molecular motion of the tolane moieties to be induced by the photoinduced change in alignment of the azobenzene moieties even if the polymers show no liquid-crystalline phase. When two orthogonal circularly polarized beams were allowed to interfere in the film, a Bragg-type polarization grating was formed. It was found that the value of eta reached 90% within 920 ms.
Network medicine (2008)

To more effectively target complex diseases like cancer, diabetes and schizophrenia, we may need to rethink our strategies for drug development and the selection of molecular targets for pharmacological treatments. Here, we discuss the potential use of protein signaling networks as the targets for new therapeutic intervention. We argue that by targeting the architecture of aberrant signaling networks associated with cancer and other diseases new therapeutic strategies can be implemented. Transforming medicine into a network driven endeavour will require quantitative measurements of cell signaling processes; we will describe how this may be performed and combined with new algorithms to predict the trajectories taken by a cellular system either in time or through disease states. We term this approach, network medicine.
Therapeutic Management of Chronic Neuropathic Pain (2006)

Neuropathic pain is defined as pain caused by a lesion in the nervous system and is common in clinical practice. Diagnosis can be difficult. Recommendations for first-line pharmacologic treatments are based on positive results from multiple, randomized, controlled trials, and recommendations for second-line pharmacologic treatments are based on the positive result of a single, randomized, controlled trial or inconsistent results of multiple, randomized, controlled trials. The results of published trials and clinical experience provide the foundation for specific recommendations for first-line treatments, which include gabapentin, 5% lidocaine patch, opioid analgesics, tramadol hydrochloride, and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Gabapentin (up to 3,600 mg/day) significantly reduced pain compared with placebo; improvements in sleep, mood, and quality of life were also demonstrated. Adverse effects of gabapentin include somnolence and dizziness, and, less commonly, gastrointestinal symptoms and mild peripheral edema. Thus, monitoring and dosage adjustment are required, without discontinuation of the drug. Gabapentin combined with morphine achieved better analgesia at lower doses of each drug than each drug alone, with only mild adverse effects. The first medication that proved effective for neuropathic pain in placebo-controlled trials was TCAs. Treatment decisions for patients with neuropathic pain can be difficult. Interest in the mechanisms and treatment of chronic neuropathic pain has increased during the past years, resulting in significant treatment advances in the future. In this article all recent knowledge on therapeutic management of chronic neuropathic pain is presented.
GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUS-TRANSFORMED CELLS (1970)

Virus transformants (like cancer cells, cells transformed by X-ray or carcinogens, or those which have transformed spontaneously) exhibit a number of phenotypic changes which are usually associated, and which may be lost concurrently. That association is, however, not invariable. More particularly, the altered characteristics here studied (escape from contact inhibition of growth and susceptibility to inhibition by other cells, decreased serum requirement, and ability to grow in soft agar) do not, in and of themselves, endow the cell with the capacity to produce a tumor, at least as judged by the methods of assay here used. Although the question as to whether the tumorigenicity of virus transformants is causally linked to any of these associated changes cannot be answered definitively, the evidence suggests a close linkage, rather than identity, between the determinants of oncogenicity and the other properties here studied.
The Design of the OpenBSD Cryptographic Framework (2003)

Cryptographic transformations are a fundamental building block in many security applications and protocols. To improve performance, several vendors market hardware accelerator cards. However, until now no operating system provided a mechanism that allowed both uniform and efficient use of this new type of resource. We present the OpenBSD Cryptographic Framework (OCF), a service virtualization layer implemented inside the kernel, that provides uniform access to accelerator functionality by hiding card-specific details behind a carefully-designed API. We evaluate the impact of the OCF in a variety of benchmarks, measuring overall system performance, application throughput and latency, and aggregate throughput when multiple applications make use of it. We conclude that the OCF is extremely efficient in utilizing cryptographic accelerator functionality, attaining 95% of the theoretical peak device performance, and over 800 Mbit/sec aggregate throughput using 3DES. We believe that this validates our decision to opt for ease of use by applications and kernel components through a uniform API, and for seamless support for new accelerators. Furthermore, our evaluation points to several bottlenecks in system and operating system design: data copying between user and kernel modes, PCI bus signaling inefficiency, protocols that use small data units, and single-threaded applications. We offer several suggestions for improvements and directions for future work.
Insulin resistance and decreased insulin response to glucose in lean type 2 diabetics (1982)

In an attempt to determine the mechanism of decreased glucose tolerance in lean type 2 diabetics, glucose turnover in such subjects and controls was studied under basal conditions and during hyperglycemia induced by intravenous administration of glucose. The diabetics had decreased intravenous glucose tolerance and a fasting plasma glucose of 6-8 mM (108-144 mg/dl). Glucose was infused for 2 hr at 2 mg/kg per min in the controls (n = 16) and diabetics (n = 9). Furthermore, 11 healthy subjects were infused also with glucose at 4 mg/kg per min to match the glycemia of the diabetics. Glucose production, utilization, and metabolic clearance were assessed by the primed constant tracer infusion technique. In the basal state, diabetics showed normal plasma insulin, C peptide, and glucagon concentrations. Their increased basal plasma glucose levels were associated with normal rates of glucose production and utilization, but the metabolic glucose clearance was 21% lower than in the controls (P < 0.001), indicating decreased sensitivity to insulin. During infusion of glucose at 2 mg/kg per min, the hyperglycemia attained in the diabetics (170 mg/dl) was higher than that in controls (115 mg/dl) but comparable to that of the controls exposed to the higher glucose load. With the lower glucose load, metabolic clearance rate decreased more markedly in diabetics, again suggesting insulin resistance. This was further substantiated by the fact that, at the same insulin levels, glucose utilization did not increase more in the diabetics than in the controls, although the glycemia reached was considerably higher in the diabetics. With the lower glucose load, glucose production was suppressed to the same degree in the controls and diabetics, although the attained glycemia was much more marked in the latter. Because both insulin and hyperglycemia can suppress glucose production, some defect in the regulation of glucose production of the diabetics is also indicated. The insulin and C peptide levels were much higher in the controls than in the diabetics at the same levels of glycemia, demonstrating the inadequacy of insulin response to glycemia of the diabetics. Glucagon concentration was equally suppressed in all groups. In conclusion, impaired glucose tolerance of mild type 2 diabetics resulted both from inadequate insulin response and from decreased sensitivity to insulin. The insulin resistance could mainly be ascribed to inadequate glucose uptake, but a defect in glucose-induced suppression of glucose production may also have contributed.
Simultaneous Imaging of Different Focal Planes in Fluorescence Microscopy for the Study of Cellular Dynamics in Three Dimensions (2004)

The imaging of cellular dynamics in three dimensions using a standard microscope is severely limited due to the fact that only one focal plane can be imaged at a given point in time. Here we present a modification of the classical microscope design with which two or more focal planes can be imaged simultaneously. This is achieved by a modification of the emission pathway of a standard microscope. The efficacy of the design is shown by imaging bead samples and an FcRn-green fluorescent protein expressing tubule that leaves a sorting endosome and subsequently exocytoses at the plasma membrane.
Environmental and auxin regulation of wood formation involves members of the Aux/IAA gene family in hybrid aspen (2002)

Indole acetic acid (IAA/auxin) profoundly affects wood formation but the molecular mechanism of auxin action in this process remains poorly understood. We have cloned cDNAs for eight members of the Aux/IAA gene family from hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. x Populus tremuloides Michx.) that encode potential mediators of the auxin signal transduction pathway. These genes designated as PttIAA1-PttIAA8 are auxin inducible but differ in their requirement of de novo protein synthesis for auxin induction. The auxin induction of the PttIAA genes is also developmentally controlled as evidenced by the loss of their auxin inducibility during leaf maturation. The PttIAA genes are differentially expressed in the cell types of a developmental gradient comprising the wood-forming tissues. Interestingly, the expression of the PttIAA genes is downregulated during transition of the active cambium into dormancy, a process in which meristematic cells of the cambium lose their sensitivity to auxin. Auxin-regulated developmental reprogramming of wood formation during the induction of tension wood is accompanied by changes in the expression of PttIAA genes. The distinct tissue-specific expression patterns of the auxin inducible PttIAA genes in the cambial region together with the change in expression during dormancy transition and tension wood formation suggest a role for these genes in mediating cambial responses to auxin and xylem development.
Inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase by 2-bromooctanoate in cultured rat hepatocytes. (1985)

Triacylglycerol synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes was inhibited by 2-bromooctanoate with a concomitant accumulation of diacylglycerols. 2-Bromooctanoate inhibition could be ascribed to its thioesterification by medium chain fatty acyl-CoA synthase (Raaka, B.M., and Lowenstein, J.M. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 6755-6762) with 2-bromooctanoyl-CoA acting as a competitive inhibitor of diacylglycerol acyltransferase. The Ki of 2-bromooctanoyl-CoA was 1.5 microM compared with a Km of 25 microM for the palmitoyl-CoA substrate. Diacylglycerol esterification was also inhibited by C12-C16 2-bromo fatty acids. However, inhibition of triacylglycerol synthesis by long chain 2-bromo fatty acids was accompanied by decreased overall neutral lipid synthesis as a result of inhibition of the long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthase. Since 2-bromooctanoate was a poor inhibitor of the long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthase, it appears to function selectively as an inhibitor of diacylglycerol acyltransferase in cultured rat hepatocytes.
技术管理将是成功的关键——索尼公司主席对确定目标、精通其经营业务和运用企业家能力重要性的思考 (1988)

工业公司管理必须不断地给工程师制订目标,这项也许是最重要的管理工作,本身得和工程师打交道。若是目标制订错了,就会浪费研究与发展规划的经费。因此,管理工作应适当设笔奖金。如我所想,这意味着经营业务的人应该相当精通他们所干的一行。一九
Reduced circulating angiogenic cells in Alzheimer disease (2009)

Our results indicate that patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) have reduced circulating angiogenic cells, suggesting that an abnormal capacity to regenerate endothelium is associated with AD.
Adaptation to the environment: Streptococcus pneumoniae, a paradigm for recombination‐mediated genetic plasticity? (2000)

Genetic plasticity plays a central role in the biology of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. This is illustrated by the existence of at least 90 different capsular types (the polysaccharide capsule has an essential antiphagocytic function) as well as by the rapid emergence of penicillin-resistant (PenR) pneumococcal isolates. Natural genetic transformation is believed to be essential for this genetic plasticity; capsular types can be switched by intraspecies transformation, whereas interspecies transformation is responsible for the appearance, in the PenR isolates, of mosaic pbp genes, which encode proteins with reduced affinity for penicillin. Data on the regulation of competence for transformation in S. pneumoniae, on the control of intra- and interspecies genetic exchange and on the shuffling and capture of exogenous sequences during transformation are reviewed. Possible links between transformation and changes in environmental conditions are discussed, and the adaptive 'strategy' deduced for S. pneumoniae is compared with that of Escherichia coli.