gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clozapine for the Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenic (1988)

The treatment of schizophrenic patients who fail to respond to adequate trials of neuroleptics is a major challenge. Clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug, has long been of scientific interest, but its clinical development has been delayed because of an associated risk of agranulocytosis. This report describes a multicenter clinical trial to assess clozapine's efficacy in the treatment of patients who are refractory to neuroleptics. DSM-III schizophrenics who had failed to respond to at least three different neuroleptics underwent a prospective, single-blind trial of haloperidol (mean dosage, 61 +/- 14 mg/d) for six weeks. Patients whose condition remained unimproved were then randomly assigned, in a double-blind manner, to clozapine (up to 900 mg/d) or chlorpromazine (up to 1800 mg/d) for six weeks. Two hundred sixty-eight patients were entered in the double-blind comparison. When a priori criteria were used, 30% of the clozapine-treated patients were categorized as responders compared with 4% of chlorpromazine-treated patients. Clozapine produced significantly greater improvement on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression Scale, and Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation; this improvement included "negative" as well as positive symptom areas. Although no cases of agranulocytosis occurred during this relatively brief study, in our view, the apparently increased comparative risk requires that the use of clozapine be limited to selected treatment-resistant patients.
Creating Meaningful Environment Models for Augmented Reality (2008)

This article introduces a framework to generate three-dimensional models for augmented reality (AR) including semantics. The semantics of 3D models have been studied previously in the field of intelligent virtual environments, but the process of creating real- world models containing such information have received little attention. We introduce a method for the creation of semantic, 3D models of the environment using an AR application named InventAry. Assisted by an ontology, InventAry enforces the creation of combined geometric and semantic environment model.
Optimizing Treatment in Luminal Breast Cancer (2012)

This article discussed the curability of luminal A and luminal B breast cancer subtypes, pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics to optimize endocrine therapy, new targeted agents in luminal breast cancer, as well as a review of whole genome sequencing for luminal-type breast cancer [Ellis MJ et al. Nature 2012].
Cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol: molecular cloning, chromosomal localization, functional expression and liver-specific gene regulation of rat sterol Δ8-isomerase, a cholesterogenic enzyme with multiple functions (2001)

Sterol ∆8-isomerase (SI) (EC 5.3.3.5), also known as emopamil binding protein or sigma receptor, catalyses the conversion of the 8-ene isomer into the 7-ene isomer in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in mammals. Recently, mutations of SI have been found to be associated with Conradi–Hünermann syndrome in humans. To investigate the invitro and invivo modes of molecular regulation of SI and its role in cholesterol biosynthesis in mammals, we isolated a full-length cDNA encoding rat SI. The deduced amino-acid sequence of rat SI predicts a 230-residue protein (26737Da) with 87% and 80% amino-acid identity to mouse and human counterparts. The rat SI gene was mapped to chromosome 12q1.2 using fluorescence insitu hybridization (FISH). The biological function of the cloned rat SI cDNA was verified by overexpressing recombinant Myc–SI in Saccharomycescerevisiae. It showed a characteristic pattern of inhibition on exposure to trans-2-[4-(1,2-diphenylbuten-1-yl)phenoxy]-N,N-dimethylethylamine (tamoxifen; IC50 = 11.2µM) and 3β-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]androst-5-en-17-one (U18666A; IC50 = 4.2µM), two well known potent inhibitors of SI. Northern-blot analysis of 3-week-old rats compared with 2-year-old rats showed that SI mRNA expression in both age groups was restricted to liver, where a 70% reduction in mRNA levels was observed in 2-year-old rats. The FISH studies revealed ubiquitous expression of SI mRNA in rat hepatocytes. The invitro studies showed that the SI mRNA was highly suppressed by 25-hydroxycholesterol in H4IIE cells. Treatment of H4IIE cells grown in medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum with tamoxifen for 24h resulted in a dose-dependent induction of SI mRNA, with a concomitant suppression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 mRNA. Interestingly, this effect was not seen in emopamil-treated cells. The invivo experiments also indicate that both mRNA expression and enzymic activity of SI in liver were induced approx. 3-fold in rats fed 5% (w/w) cholestyramine plus 0.1% (w/w) lovastatin in normal chow for 2 weeks. With this newly cloned rat SI cDNA, it becomes possible to gain molecular understanding of previously unknown and tamoxifen-mediated gene regulation of SI that is involved in cholesterol metabolism, ischaemia and genetic diseases.
Towards Urban 3D Reconstruction from Video (2006)

The paper introduces a data collection system and a processing pipeline for automatic geo-registered 3D reconstruction of urban scenes from video. The system collects multiple video streams, as well as GPS and INS measurements in order to place the reconstructed models in geo- registered coordinates. Besides high quality in terms of both geometry and appearance, we aim at real-time performance. Even though our processing pipeline is currently far from being real-time, we select techniques and we design processing modules that can achieve fast performance on multiple CPUs and GPUs aiming at real-time performance in the near future. We present the main considerations in designing the system and the steps of the processing pipeline. We show results on real video sequences captured by our system.
Complete inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activities with a bifunctional diabody directed against both VEGF kinase receptors, fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor and kinase insert domain-containing receptor. (2001)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binds to and mediates its activity mainly through two tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGF receptor 1 [or fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor (Flt-1)] and VEGF receptor 2 [or kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR)]. Numerous studies have shown that overexpression of VEGF and its receptor plays an important role in tumor-associated angiogenesis and hence in both tumor growth and metastasis. We demonstrated previously that antagonistic antibodies to KDR specifically inhibited VEGF-stimulated receptor activation, cell migration, and endothelial cell mitogenesis. Here we constructed a recombinant bifunctional diabody that is capable of blocking both Flt-1 and KDR from binding to their ligands, including VEGF and placenta growth factor (PlGF). The diabody was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by single-step affinity chromatography. The diabody retained the capacity to bind both KDR and Flt-1 and effectively blocked interaction between KDR and VEGF, Flt-1 and VEGF, and Flt-1 and PlGF. Furthermore, the diabody is a stronger inhibitor than its parent antibodies to VEGF-stimulated mitogenesis of human endothelial cells, as well as both VEGF- and PlGF-induced migration of human leukemia cells. Taken together, our results suggest that dual receptor blockade with the bifunctional diabody may prove to be a more efficient approach in inhibiting VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis.
Non-L-cell Immunophenotype and Large Tumor Size in Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors Are Associated With Aggressive Clinical Behavior and Worse Prognosis (2015)

According to the 2010 World Health Organization classification, all gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are classified as malignant except for L-cell-type (glucagon-like peptide [GLP] and peptide YY [PYY]-producing) NETs. However, L-cell immunophenotype in rectal NETs has not been widely studied previously. Immunohistochemical labeling of L-cell markers with GLP1 and PYY was performed in 208 surgically or endoscopically resected rectal NET cases with tissue microarrays and was compared with clinicopathologic features and patient survival. Rectal NETs with non-L-cell immunophenotype and large tumor size (>1 cm) were associated with increased tumor grading, advanced T category, lymphovascular and perineural invasions, and lymph node and distant metastases (P<0.001, each). Rectal NET patients with non-L-cell phenotype and measuring >1 cm had significantly worse survival outcome than other groups by univariate (P<0.001) and multivariate (P<0.001) analyses. In summary, non-L-cell immunophenotype and large tumor size are associated with increased tumor grading and staging, concurrently indicating that they are independently poor prognostic indicators in rectal NET patients. Therefore, combining L-cell phenotype and tumor size can demonstrate the clinical behavior of rectal NETs more precisely than use of L-cell immunophenotype alone.
Notes High‐efficiency transformation system for the biocontrol agents, Trichoderma spp. (1990)

We have developed an efficient transformation system based on the use of polyethylene glycol and CaCl2 for the biocontrol agents, Trichoderma spp. Transformation was obtained with the plasmid pAN7-1, carrying a bacterial hygromycin-resistance gene as a selectable marker, under the control of Aspergillus nidulans heterologous expression signals. The system described here yielded 200-800 transformants per microgram of DNA. Transformants contained several copies of the plasmid integrated into their genome, apparently at the same site in the different transformants analysed. Stability of the transformants was achieved by inserting a 2.4kb homologous DNA fragment into pAN7-1. Southern blot analysis indicated that integration in the stable transformants occurs through non-homologous recombination.
Time Interval Between Abnormalities Seen on CT and the Clinical Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer: Retrospective Review of CT Scans Obtained Before Diagnosis (2004)

CT can detect a significant proportion of asymptomatic incident pancreatic cancers before the clinical diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. CT should be considered in screening at-risk patient populations. Pancreatic duct dilatation and cutoff are early findings associated with the development of pancreatic cancer and can be detected on CT with a high degree of reproducibility.
In vitro function and phagocytosis of galactosylated platelet concentrates after long‐term refrigeration (2007)

It is shown that refrigerated human PLTs retain in vitro function better than RT PLTs during storage and demonstrate that galactosylation prevents recognition of stored refrigerated PLTs by macrophages in vitro.
ac Josephson effect in superconductingd-wave junctions (1999)

We study theoretically the ac Josephson effect in superconducting planar d-wave junctions. The insulating barrier assumed to be present between the two superconductors may have arbitrary strength. Many properties of this system depend on the orientation of the d-wave superconductor: we calculate the ac components of the Josephson current. In some arrangements there is substantial negative differential conductance due to the presence of midgap states. We study how robust these features are to finite temperature and also comment on how the calculated current-voltage curves compare with experiments. For some other configurations (for small barrier strength) we find zero-bias conductance peaks due to multiple Andreev reflections through midgap states. Moreover, the odd ac components are strongly suppressed and even absent in some arrangements. This absence will lead to a doubling of the Josephson frequency. All these features are due to the d-wave order parameter changing sign when rotated $90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}.$ Recently, there have been several theoretical reports on parallel current in the d-wave case for both the stationary Josephson junction and for the normal-metal--superconductor junction. Also in our case there may appear current density parallel to the junction, and we present a few examples when this takes place. Finally, we give a fairly complete account of the method used and also discuss how numerical calculations should be performed in order to produce current-voltage curves.
Gene prediction with a hidden Markov model and a new intron submodel (2003)

A web interface for AUGUSTUS and the executable program are located at http://augustus.gobics.de.
Operative Technique and Surgical Pitfalls (2000)

Few surgical specialties have undergone the rapid technical evolution as have sports medicine and shoulder surgery. New technologic innovations have revolutionized the surgical approach to this rapidly expanding field, with substantial improvements in surgical outcomes and marked reductions in patients’ recovery time. The advent of the arthroscope has minimized patient morbidity and permitted most surgical procedures to be performed on an outpatient basis. The field of shoulder surgery has witnessed tremendous advances in the understanding of shoulder disorders. The demand of caring for the performance and recreational athletes spearheaded basic science investigations and the development of better imaging studies (especially MR imaging). These developments, together with breakthroughs in physical therapy, material science, and other aspects of orthopedics, have revolutionized shoulder surgery. Although the arthroscope was first introduced into the shoulder of a cadaver by Burman, Wantabe’s development of the no. 21 arthroscope in the early 1950s stimulated interest in arthroscopy.22 With the creation of fiber optics in the 1970s, shoulder arthroscopy became more common,
A statistical channel model for indoor environments including angle of arrival (2002)

Nowadays there is an increasing need for broadband wireless communication systems. Designing digital communication systems requires dedicated simulation approaches with an emphasis on the multipath propagation channel. Different approaches for overcoming the problem of multipath propagation have been made. Channel equalization has been an interesting research field and techniques like SDMA and diversity have become a focus of attention. A statistical channel model is presented which allows one to take the antenna characteristics into account. Simulation results to demonstrate the functioning of the model are presented.
Antigenically Distinct Conformations of CXCR4 (2001)

The major human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptors are the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. The patterns of expression of the major coreceptors and their use by HIV-1 strains largely explain viral tropism at the level of entry. However, while virus infection is dependent upon the presence of CD4 and an appropriate coreceptor, it can be influenced by a number of factors, including receptor concentration, affinity between envelope gp120 and receptors, and potentially receptor conformation. Indeed, seven-transmembrane domain receptors, such as CCR5, can exhibit conformational heterogeneity, although the significance for virus infection is uncertain. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to CXCR4, we found that CXCR4 on both primary and transformed T cells as well as on primary B cells exhibited considerable conformational heterogeneity. The conformational heterogeneity of CXCR4 explains the cell-type-dependent ability of CXCR4 antibodies to block chemotaxis to stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha and to inhibit HIV-1 infection. In addition, the MAb most commonly used to study CXCR4 expression, 12G5, recognizes only a subpopulation of CXCR4 molecules on all primary cell types analyzed. As a result, CXCR4 concentrations on these important cell types have been underestimated to date. Finally, while the factors responsible for altering CXCR4 conformation are not known, we found that they do not involve CXCR4 glycosylation, sulfation of the N-terminal domain of CXCR4, or pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein coupling. The fact that this important HIV-1 coreceptor exists in multiple conformations could have implications for viral entry and for the development of receptor antagonists.
Treatment with laquinimod reduces development of active MRI lesions in relapsing MS (2005)

Oral laquinimod in a dosage of 0.3 mg daily was well tolerated and effective in suppressing development of active lesions in relapsing multiple sclerosis.
Tight Bite AngleN,O‐Chelates. Amidates, Ureates and Beyond (2016)

N,O-Chelated complexes of early transition metals have emerged as modular, tunable and rapidly assembled compounds for catalytic polymerization and hydrofunctionalization reactions. This simple ligand set can be installed onto reactive yttrium, titanium, zirconium and tantalum metal centers using protonolysis, or in some cases, salt metathesis reactions. The coordination chemistry of this asymmetric ligand set is ideally suited for catalysis in that these tight bite angle ligands are prone to accessing variable coordination modes and have fluxional behavior in solution phase. Consequently, advances in catalytic ring-opening polymerization, hydroamination, and hydroaminoalkylation have been realized.
Targeting mitochondrial complex I using BAY 87-2243 reduces melanoma tumor growth (2015)

Taken together, our results suggest that complex I inhibition has potential clinical applications as a single agent in melanoma and also might be efficacious in combination with BRAF inhibitors in the treatment of patients with BRAF mutant melanoma.
Regulation of host gene expression by HIV-1 TAR microRNAs (2013)

HIV-1 TAR miRNAs may contribute to the replication cycle and pathogenesis of HIV-1, by regulating host genes involved in the intricate balance between apoptosis and infected cell, to induce conditions that promote HIV-1 propagation and survival.
The evolution of N-glycan-dependent endoplasmic reticulum quality control factors for glycoprotein folding and degradation (2007)

Asn-linked glycans (N-glycans) play important roles in the quality control (QC) of glycoprotein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and in ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of proteins by cytosolic proteasomes. A UDP-Glc:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase glucosylates N-glycans of misfolded proteins, which are then bound and refolded by calreticulin and/or calnexin in association with a protein disulfide isomerase. Alternatively, an alpha-1,2-mannosidase (Mns1) and mannosidase-like proteins (ER degradation-enhancing alpha-mannosidase-like proteins 1, 2, and 3) are part of a process that results in the dislocation of misfolded glycoproteins into the cytosol, where proteins are degraded in the proteasome. Recently we found that numerous protists and fungi contain 0-11 sugars in their N-glycan precursors versus 14 sugars in those of animals, plants, fungi, and Dictyostelium. Our goal here was to determine what effect N-glycan precursor diversity has on N-glycan-dependent QC systems of glycoprotein folding and ERAD. N-glycan-dependent QC of folding (UDP-Glc:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase, calreticulin, and/or calnexin) was present and active in some but not all protists containing at least five mannose residues in their N-glycans and was absent in protists lacking Man. In contrast, N-glycan-dependent ERAD appeared to be absent from the majority of protists. However, Trypanosoma and Trichomonas genomes predicted ER degradation-enhancing alpha-mannosidase-like protein and Mns1 orthologs, respectively, each of which had alpha-mannosidase activity in vitro. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the diversity of N-glycan-dependent QC of glycoprotein folding (and possibly that of ERAD) was best explained by secondary loss. We conclude that N-glycan precursor length has profound effects on N-glycan-dependent QC of glycoprotein folding and ERAD.
The Product of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus M2 Gene ORF1 Enhances Readthrough of Intergenic Junctions during Viral Transcription (1998)

The mRNA encoding the M2 protein of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus contains two open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes the 22-kDa structural protein, M2, and ORF2 has the potential to encode a 10-kDa protein (90 amino acids). Using a vaccinia virus T7 expression system, we examined the RNA synthetic activities of mono- and dicistronic subgenomic replicons of RS virus by direct metabolic labeling of RNA in the presence and absence of the products of ORF1 and ORF2. In the absence of ORF1 and ORF2, the negative- and positive-sense products of genomic RNA replication and positive-sense polyadenylated mRNA(s) were synthesized. Expression of the whole M2 transcription unit (containing ORF1 and ORF2) or ORF1 alone caused an increase in the synthesis of polyadenylated mRNA, the majority of which was due to a substantial increase in the quantity of polycistronic mRNAs generated by the polymerase failing to terminate at gene end signals. In agreement with previous reports, the ORF2 product was found to inhibit viral RNA replication and mRNA transcription. These data show that the M2 protein functions as a transcriptional antiterminator that enhances the ability of the viral RNA polymerase to read through intergenic junctions. The role of such a function during the viral life cycle is discussed.
Analysis of floating-body-induced leakage current in 0.15 /spl mu/m SOI DRAM (1996)

Summary form only given. Degradation of the dynamic retention time in SOI DRAMs is a critical issue in the application of SOI technology to memory devices. One possible degradation mode related with the floating-body effect occurs in a non-selected memory cell storing "1" due to a transient lowering of the threshold voltage (Vth) of the transistor associated with a voltage drop of a data line from a precharge level to 0 V. It was reported that this dynamism can induce a leakage current as high as several mA at low voltage regions. In this paper, the possibility of this degradation mode in a 0.15 /spl mu/m SOI DRAM cell is analyzed in detail considering various device parameters and the design guideline to avoid the degradation is described.
Relationship Between Root Colonization and Suppression ofGaeumannomyces graminisvar.triticibyPseudomonas fluorescensStrain 2-79 (1991)

Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79RN 10 produces the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (Phz + ) and is a biocontrol agent of take-all of wheat. This study demonstrated a positive relationship between root colonization by 2-79RN 10 and biological control of take-all (...)
Inhibition of Cell-Free Splicing by Saccharides That Bind Galectins and SR Proteins (2012)

The carbohydrate-binding proteins galectin-1 and galectin-3 are found in the nucleus of cells. Using a cell-free assay, depletion and reconstitution experiments have documented that these two proteins are required factors in pre-mRNA splicing. Thiodigalactoside, which binds to both galectins, inhibited the splicing reaction, whereas cellobiose, which binds neither protein, failed to yield the same effect. Although L-rhamnose does not bind to either galectin-1 or galectin-3, it does inhibit the cell-free splicing assay. The effect of rhamnose is best explained by its strong binding to Sfrs1, one member of another family of nuclear splicing factors (the SR proteins) that exhibit carbohydrate-binding activity.