gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of Hybrid Proteins from the α and β Subunits of Phycocyanins of Unicellular and Filamentous Blue-green Algae (1973)

Phycocyanins of two unicellular (Synechococcus sp., and Aphanocapsa sp.), and one filamentous (Anabaena sp.) blue-green alga, have been purified and characterized with respect to behavior on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence of denaturing agents, isoelectric point, absorption spectra in the visible region, subunit molecular weights, and amino acid composition. The α and β subunits of each of the phycocyanins were separated by chromatography in urea solutions, and characterized in a similar manner. Each phycocyanin was reconstituted from its separated subunits. Hybrid phycocyanins were formed from the α subunits of Synechococcus sp. phycocyanin and the β subunits of Aphanocapsa sp. and Anabaena sp. phycocyanins, and from the β subunit of Synechococcus sp. phycocyanin and the α subunits derived from the phycocyanins of the other two blue-green algae. The reconstituted and hybrid phycocyanins were purified by ion exchange chromatography, and recovered in an over-all yield of 40 to 60% based on the starting weight of subunit protein. The reconstituted and hybrid phycocyanins were characterized in the same manner as the native proteins. The native, reconstituted, and hybrid phycocyanins, all consisted of α and β subunits in a ratio of 1:1, as established by quantitative amino acid analyses and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The chromatographic properties, absorption spectra, and behavior on isoelectric focusing, of both the reconstituted and hybrid phycocyanins, were consistent with the possession by these macromolecules of a three-dimensional structure very similar to that of the native proteins. The divergence of unicellular and filamentous blue-green algae occurred over 2.5 billion years ago. The successful hybridization of subunits of phycocyanins from these two types of organisms indicates a conservation of structural features over a span of time considerably greater than had been involved in previous comparative studies of protein structure.
Worldwide emergence of multiple clades of enterovirus 68 (2012)

Human enterovirus 68 (EV-D68) is a historically rarely reported virus linked with respiratory disease. In the past 3 years, a large increase in respiratory disease associated with EV-D68 has been reported, with documented outbreaks in North America, Europe and Asia. In several outbreaks, genetic differences were identified among the circulating strains, indicating the presence of multiple clades. In this report, we analyse archived and novel EV-D68 strains from Africa and the USA, obtained from patients with respiratory illness. Phylogenetic analysis of all EV-D68 sequences indicates that, over the past two decades, multiple clades of the virus have emerged and spread rapidly worldwide. All clades appear to be currently circulating and contributing to respiratory disease.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Seroconversion in Humans: A Detailed Protocol for a Serological Assay, Antigen Production, and Test Setup (2020)

In late 2019, cases of atypical pneumonia were detected in China. The etiological agent was quickly identified as a betacoronavirus (named SARS-CoV-2), which has since caused a pandemic. Several methods allowing for the specific detection of viral nucleic acids have been established, but these only allow detection of the virus during a short period of time, generally during acute infection. Serological assays are urgently needed to conduct serosurveys, to understand the antibody responses mounted in response to the virus, and to identify individuals who are potentially immune to re-infection. Here we describe a detailed protocol for expression of antigens derived from the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that can serve as a substrate for immunological assays, as well as a two-stage serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These assays can be used for research studies and for testing in clinical laboratories. © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: Mammalian cell transfection and protein purification Basic Protocol 2: A two-stage ELISA for high-throughput screening of human serum samples for antibodies binding to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
Evaluation of the Galα1-3Gal Epitope as a Host Modification Factor Eliciting Natural Humoral Immunity to Enveloped Viruses (1998)

Human sera contain high levels of natural antibody (Ab) to Galalpha1-3Gal, a terminal glycosidic structure expressed on the surface of cells of mammals other than Old World primates. Incorporation of this determinant onto retroviral membranes by passage of viruses in cells encoding alpha-1-3-galactosyltransferase (GT) renders retroviruses sensitive to lysis by natural Ab and complement in normal human serum (NHS). Plasma membrane-budding viruses representing four additional virus groups were examined for their sensitivities to serum inactivation after passage through human cell lines that lack a functional GT or human cells expressing recombinant porcine GT. The inactivation of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) by NHS directly correlated with host modification of the virus via expression of Galalpha1-3Gal and was blocked by incorporation of soluble Galalpha1-3Gal disaccharide into the inactivation assay. GT-deficient mice immunized to make high levels of Ab to Galalpha1-3Gal (anti-Gal Ab) were tested for resistance to LCMV passaged in GT-expressing cells. Resistance was not observed, but in vitro analyses of the mouse immune sera revealed that the antiviral activity of the sera was insufficient to eliminate LCMV infectivity on its natural targets of infection, macrophages, which express receptors for Ab and complement. Newcastle disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were inactivated by NHS regardless of cell passage history, whereas Sindbis virus (SV) passaged in human cells resisted inactivation. Both VSV and SV passaged in Galalpha1-3Gal-expressing human cells incorporated this sugar moiety onto their major envelope glycoproteins. SV passaged in mouse cells expressing Galalpha1-3Gal was moderately sensitive to inactivation by NHS. These results indicate that enveloped viruses expressing Galalpha1-3Gal differ in their sensitivities to NHS and that a potent complement source, such as that in NHS, is required for efficient inactivation of sensitive viruses in vitro and in vivo.
Einleitung (2004)

Da die meisten Probleme der Natur-, Ingenieur- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften vor ihrer rechnerischen Lösung mathematisch modelliert werden, entwickelt die numerische Mathematik für eine Vielzahl von Problemstellungen rechnerische Lösungswege, so genannte Algorithmen, siehe Definition 1.1. Sie muss sich daher neben der Mathematik auch mit der Auswahl von Hard- und Software beschäftigen. Damit ist die numerische Mathematik Teil des Gebietes wissenschaftliches Rechnen (Scientific Computing), das Elemente der Mathematik, der Informatik und der Ingenieurwissenschaften umfasst.
ACUTE SUPPURATIVE THYROIDITIS AS A RARE COMPLICATION OF AGGRESSIVE CHEMOTHERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE MYELOGENEOUS LEUKEMIA (2002)

Acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) is quite rare, even in immunocompromised patients. The authors describe 2 cases of AST during aggressive chemotherapy for acute myelogeneous leukemia (AML). They were treated with aggressive combination chemotherapy and achieved complete remission. After several courses of chemotherapy, they developed fever and pain in the region of the thyroid gland. Laboratory tests showed hyperthyroidism and elevated levels of thyroglobulin and C-reactive protein. Ultrasonography revealed hypoechoic areas in the thyroid gland. A diagnosis of AST was made. Bacterial infections were suspected because they were sucessfully treated with antibiotics. After a month, the patients' thyroid function and thyroglobulin levels returned to normal without a period of transient hypothyroidism. A pyriform sinus fistula was not demonstrated. The results suggest that neutropenia and preceding cellulitis around the thyroid gland, which might be subsequent to oral mucosal damage induced by anticancer drugs, may play a role in the development of AST. AST should be considered a potential complication of aggressive chemotheragy for leukemia.
Radioisotope microbattery based on liquid semiconductor (2009)

A liquid semiconductor-based radioisotope micropower source has been pioneerly developed. The semiconductor property of selenium was utilized along with a 166 MBq radioactive source of S35 as elemental sulfur. Using a liquid semiconductor-based Schottky diode, electrical power was distinctively generated from the radioactive source. Energetic beta radiations in the liquid semiconductor can produce numerous electron hole pairs and create a potential drop. The measured power from the microbattery is 16.2 nW with an open-circuit voltage of 899 mV and a short-circuit of 107.4 nA.
Characterization and immunoprotective properties of a monoclonal antibody against the major oocyst wall protein of Eimeria tenella (1996)

The oocyst wall of Eimeria spp. consists of a 10-nm-thick outer lipid layer and a 90-mm-thick inner layer of glycoprotein which has been described previously to be composed of a single major protein. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions and (125)I labelling of a oocyst wall fragments and of delipidated intact oocysts revealed a molecule of approximately 12 kDa as the major protein component of the oocyst wall of Eimeria tenella. An immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody (c11B9F3) was produced against this 12-kDa oocyst wall protein sliced from a preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel. Its reactivity by immunofluorescence against oocyst wall fragments and sporozoites or by immunoperoxidase assays of infected tissue sections was stage restricted to gametocytes and oocysts but pan-specific against all face of the oocyst wall. In chicks passively immunized with C11B9F3, oocyst output was significantly (P<0.01) reduced by 42 to 54% after homologous E. tenella infection and by 35% after heterologous Eimeria maxima infection compared with that of control groups. The results demonstrate the presence of a highly conserved, low-molecular-weight antigen on the oocyst wall and the gametocytes of Eimeria spp. which is a candidate for inclusion in a pan-specific, transmission-blocking vaccine against avian coccidiosis.
A modified shuffled frog leaping algorithm for optimal tuning of multivariable PID controllers (2008)

This paper presents a modified shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) for optimal tuning of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller gains for multivariable processes. The SFLA is a meta-heuristic search method inspired from the memetic evolution of a group of frogs when seeking for food. It consists of a frog leaping rule for local search and a memetic shuffling rule for global information exchange. In this paper, a new frog leaping rule is proposed to improve the local exploration of the SFLA. The main idea behind the new frog leaping rule is to extend the direction and the length of each frog’s jump by emulating frog’s perception and action uncertainties. The modification widens the local search space, thus helps to prevent premature convergence and improves the performance of the SFLA. The modified SFLA is then used to tune multivariable PID controllers such that a specified performance criterion is minimized. The effectiveness of the proposed SFLA-based PID tuning method is illustrated via an application to the Wood-Berry distillation column. Simulation results show that the proposed SFLA is able to find better PID controllers than other methods such as the biggest log-modulus tuning (BLT) method and the multi-crossover genetic algorithm (GA).
Intravenous methylprednisolone in the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy. (1988)

Eleven euthyroid patients with severe Graves' eye disease were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and followed up for six months or more by ophthalmological assessment, orbital computed tomography (CT), photographs, and antibody measurements. Papilloedema resolved in the single patient in whom it was present; visual acuity was abnormal in seven eyes initially and in only one eye after treatment; the intraocular pressure differential, which reflects muscle dysfunction, was initially abnormal in 18 eyes but showed a progressive and distinct improvement; nine patients showed substantial improvement in inflammatory signs. Exophthalmos improved early after treatment, but this improvement was not maintained. Orbital CT showed a pronounced reduction in the bulk of eye muscles after treatment in eight of nine patients. Autoantibodies to the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor declined. Adverse effects were trivial. Thus eight patients showed a clear response to intravenous methylprednisolone as judged by ophthalmic assessment and CT scan. The two patients who showed little response and one who had none all had a long history (more than a year) of ophthalmopathy. Results were better than those with oral steroids and adverse effects less. Treatment of Graves' eye disease is more likely to be effective if given early; patients should be referred promptly to specialist centres, where treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone should be considered.
Plasmid-Dependent Methylotrophy in Thermotolerant Bacillus methanolicus (2004)

Bacillus methanolicus can efficiently utilize methanol as a sole carbon source and has an optimum growth temperature of 50 degrees C. With the exception of mannitol, no sugars have been reported to support rapid growth of this organism, which is classified as a restrictive methylotroph. Here we describe the DNA sequence and characterization of a 19,167-bp circular plasmid, designated pBM19, isolated from B. methanolicus MGA3. Sequence analysis of pBM19 demonstrated the presence of the methanol dehydrogenase gene, mdh, which is crucial for methanol consumption in this bacterium. In addition, five genes (pfk, encoding phosphofructokinase; rpe, encoding ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase; tkt, encoding transketolase; glpX, encoding fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase; and fba, encoding fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase) with deduced roles in methanol assimilation via the ribulose monophosphate pathway are encoded by pBM19. A shuttle vector, pTB1.9, harboring the pBM19 minimal replicon (repB and ori) was constructed and used to transform MGA3. Analysis of the resulting recombinant strain demonstrated that it was cured of pBM19 and was not able to grow on methanol. A pTB1.9 derivative harboring the complete mdh gene could not restore growth on methanol when it was introduced into the pBM19-cured strain, suggesting that additional pBM19 genes are required for consumption of this carbon source. Screening of 13 thermotolerant B. methanolicus wild-type strains showed that they all harbor plasmids similar to pBM19, and this is the first report describing plasmid-linked methylotrophy in any microorganism. Our findings should have an effect on future genetic manipulations of this organism, and they contribute to a new understanding of the biology of methylotrophs.
The Vergulde Draeck excavation 1981 and 1983 (1983)

The main excavation of the Vergulde Draeck wreck site was undertaken in 1971- 72 and has been described extensively elsewhere (Green, 1973 and particularly Green, 1977). In 1981 a brief investigation was made of the unexcavated areas left at the end of the first season. In a period of 93 days between 31 March and 2 July 1981, it was only possible to work on the site for a total of 12 days. This poor working ratio of 1 in 7.5 was due to the bad weather and the late start in the year of the work. The 1981 excavation has been described elsewhere (Green, 1981) and it is outlined briefly here.
Role of phospholipases in generating lipid second messengers in signal transduction 1 (1991)

Many lipids or lipid-derived products generated by phospholipases acting on phospholipids in membranes are implicated as mediators and second messengers in signal transduction. Our current understanding of the primary sequence relationships within the class of extracellular phospholipase A2's and among the numerous forms of the mammalian phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C's is reviewed. New results suggesting roles for these phospholipases as well as other phospholipases such as phospholipase C and D acting on phosphatidlycholine in generating arachidonic acid for eicosanoid biosynthesis, inositol phosphates for Ca2+ mobilization, and diglyceride for protein kinase C activation through receptor-mediated processes, are discussed. In addition, the possible role of phospholipases acting on sphingolipids such as sphinglomyelinase in generating lipid mediators is considered.
A new gamboge derivative Compound 2 inhibits cancer stem‐like cells via suppressing EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2013)

Cancer stem-like cells represent a population of tumour-initiating cells that lead to the relapse and metastasis of cancer. Conventional anti-cancer therapeutic drugs are usually ineffective in eliminating the cancer stem-like cells. Therefore, new drugs or therapeutic methods effectively targeting cancer stem-like cells are in urgent need to successfully cure cancer. Gamboge is a natural anti-cancer medicine whose pharmacological effects are different from those of conventional chemotherapeutical drugs and they can kill some kinds of cancer cells selectively. In this study, we identified a new gamboge derivative, Compound 2 (C2), which presents eminent suppression effects on cancer cells. Interestingly, when compared with cisplatin (CDDP), C2 effectively suppresses the growth of both cancer stem-like cells and non-cancer stem-like cells derived from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), inhibiting the formation of tumour spheres and colony in vitro, resulting in the loss of expression of multiple cancer stem cell (CSC)-related molecules in HNSCC. Treating with C2 effectively inhibited the growth of HNSCC in BALB/C nude mice. Further investigation found that C2 notably inhibits the activation of epithelial growth factor receptor and the phosphorylation of its downstream protein kinase homo sapiens v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) in HNSCC, resulting in down-regulation of multiple CSC-related molecules in HNSCC. Our study has demonstrated that C2 effectively inhibits the stem-like property of cancer stem-like cells in HNSCC and may be a hopeful targeting drug in cancer therapy.
Fibrous Concrete - Construction Material for the Seventies (May 1-3, 1972) (1972)

Abstract : This Conference Proceedings contains many of the papers presented at the May 1972 Fibrous Concrete Conference sponsored by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The conference emphasized fibrous concrete as a construction material for the 1970's. Two papers are of interest to PLASTEC.
Determination of the covalent structure of an N‐ and C‐terminally blocked glycoprotein from endocuticle of Locusta migratoria (1991)

The complete structure of protein isolated from endocuticle of sexually mature locusts, Locusta migratoria, has been determined by a combination of automatic Edman degradation and plasma desorption mass spectrometry. The protein is extensively post-translationally modified. The N-terminal is 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) and the C-terminal proline residue is amidated. Furthermore, the protein is glycosylated by a single N-acetyl-galactosamine residue at one, two or three threonines. The N-terminal sequence was obtained by analysing the N-acetylated N,O-permethylated derivative using plasma desorption mass spectrometry. The position and type of carbohydrate were determined by combining an HPLC-based carbohydrate analysis with the peak pattern of the phenylthiohydantoin derivative in automatic sequencing and with mass information on peptides. The protein has pronounced similarity to cuticular proteins from larvae of diptera and lepidoptera, but only slight resemblance to the previously sequenced locust exocuticular proteins. This indicates a similarity between soft larval cuticles and locust endocuticle, a similarity which may extend to their mechanical properties.
Increased Glomerular Filtration Rate after Converting-Enzyme Inhibition in Essential Hypertension (1979)

To test the influence of an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, teprotide (SQ 20881), we administered it to seven patients with essential hypertension and normal renal function and nine with an unequivocal reduction in creatinine clearance, caused by bilateral renal-artery stenosis in two and by essential hypertension in seven. Despite the fall in blood pressure (112.7 +/- 4.5 to 100.3 +/- 3.9 mm Hg, mean +/- S.E.M., P less than 0.01), there were prompt increases in both creatinine clearance (95.9 +/- 10.5 to 109.9 +/- 9.5 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area, P less than 0.01) and sodium excretion (17.0 +/- 5.9 to 31.7 +/- 7.2 mumol per minute, P less than 0.01) in patients with essential hypertension. The increase in glomerular filtration rate was most striking, averaging 33 per cent (66.0 +/- 10.3 to 88.0 +/- 9.2 ml per minute per 1.73 m2, P less than 0.001) in patients in whom an initial reduction was evident and hypertension was more severe. These observations suggest that a functional element, perhaps involving angiotensin-mediated renal vasoconstriction, frequently has a role in the reduction in glomerular filtration rate that occurs in essential hypertension. This class of agent may improve renal excretory function as it controls hypertension.
Identification of a host compound and its practical applications: 4-allylanisole as a bark beetle repellent (1994)

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of resin collected before and after injection of loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) with a fungicide mixture known to make pines more attractive to southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., resulted in the identification of 4-allylanisole as a likely candidate for repellent effects. The phenylpropanoid, 4-allylanisole (Chemical Abstract 140-67-0), is a compound produced by many conifers, including loblolly pine, an abundant species in southern pine forests and a preferred host of the southern pine beetle. The repellency of 4-allylanisole to southern pine beetle was demonstrated in laboratory behavioral assays and in natural populations by comparing its effects with those of the beetle-produced inhibitory pheromone, verbenone. Responses of other North American scolytids and associates were also determined. Additionally, responses of southern pine beetle to various chemical analogues of 4-allylanisole were tested. The response in the field of southern pine beetle to its attractant pheromone in funnel traps was significantly reduced by simultaneous release of either 4-allylanisole or verbenone, which did not differ from one another in repellency. Both compounds together did not significantly further reduce trap catch. The response of a major predator, Thanasimus dubius (p.), to the attractant pheromone of southern pine beetle did not differ with the simultaneous release of either compound. The results of preliminary field tests with 4-allylanisole, in which lightning-struck pines were protected from southern pine beetle attack, are presented and discussed in relation to implications for development of a practical tree protection tactic.