gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rebleeding From a Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysm After Endovascular Internal Trapping: Adverse Effect of Intrathecal Urokinase Injection or Incomplete Occlusion? -Case Report- (2009)

A 67-year-old woman suffered rebleeding from a ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm after endovascular internal trapping. The dissecting aneurysm was initially successfully occluded with the affected vertebral artery using detachable coils. However, rebleeding from the aneurysm occurred on the next day. The rebleeding may have resulted from the thrombolytic effect of urokinase, which was injected intrathecally 3 hours before rebleeding occurred, or the relatively loose coil packing of the aneurysm. This case indicates the potential risk of intrathecal use of thrombolytic agents and the importance of complete tight coil packing of the whole dissected site in the treatment of ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms.
Myoblast sensitivity and fibroblast insensitivity to osteogenic conversion by BMP-2 correlates with the expression of Bmpr-1a (2009)

These data demonstrate the osteogenic sensitivity of muscle progenitors and provide a mechanistic insight into the variable response of different cell lineages to BMP-2.
SparsePPG: Towards Driver Monitoring Using Camera-Based Vital Signs Estimation in Near-Infrared (2018)

Camera-based measurement of the heartbeat signal from minute changes in the appearance of a person's skin is known as remote photoplethysmography (rPPG). Methods for rPPG have improved considerably in recent years, making possible its integration into applications such as telemedicine. Driver monitoring using in-car cameras is another potential application of this emerging technology. Unfortunately, there are several challenges unique to the driver monitoring context that must be overcome. First, there are drastic illumination changes on the driver's face, both during the day (as sun filters in and out of overhead trees, etc.) and at night (from streetlamps and oncoming headlights), which current rPPG algorithms cannot account for. We argue that these variations are significantly reduced by narrow-bandwidth near-infrared (NIR) active illumination at 940 nm, with matching bandpass filter on the camera. Second, the amount of motion during driving is significant. We perform a preliminary analysis of the motion magnitude and argue that any in-car solution must provide better robustness to motion artifacts. Third, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and false peaks due to motion have the potential to confound the rPPG signal. To address these challenges, we develop a novel rPPG signal tracking and denoising algorithm (sparsePPG) based on Robust Principal Components Analysis and sparse frequency spectrum estimation. We release a new dataset of face videos collected simultaneously in RGB and NIR.We demonstrate that in each of these frequency ranges, our new method performs as well as or better than current state-of-the-art rPPG algorithms. Overall, our preliminary study indicates that while driver vital signs monitoring using cameras is promising, much work needs to be done in terms of improving robustness to motion artifacts before it becomes practical.
Sites of Termination ofin VitroDNA Synthesis on Psoralen Phototreated Single-stranded Templates (1985)

Single-stranded DNA has been photochemically induced to react with 4'-hydroxymethyl-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (HMT) and used as substrate for DNA replication with E. coli DNA polymerase I large fragment. By using the dideoxy sequencing procedure, it is possible to map the termination sites on the template photoreacted with HMT. These sites occur at the nucleotides preceding each thymine residue (and a few cytosine residues), emphasizing the fact that in a single-stranded stretch of DNA, HMT reacts with each thymine residue without any specificity regarding the flanking base sequence of the thymine residues. In addition, termination of DNA synthesis due to psoralen-adducted thymine is not influenced by the efficiency of the 3'-5'exonuclease proof-reading activity of the DNA polymerase.
Telomerase from human leukemia cells: properties and its interaction with deoxynucleoside analogues. (1998)

Telomerase is a unique reverse transcriptase involved in the maintenance of genomic integrity. In an attempt to understand the properties of this enzyme and to study the effect of deoxynucleoside analogues, we have isolated and partially purified telomerase from the blast cells of a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. During the course of purification of telomerase, three characteristic forms of this enzyme activity were separated. Two processive forms and one less processive form were noted. All forms of the enzyme activities could be abolished by RNase A and proteinase K treatments, implying that they are ribonucleoproteins. The major form of telomerase was characterized with respect to divalent ion requirements, effect of salt and nonionic detergents. The Km of deoxynucleoside triphosphates was determined with a modified telomerase repeat array protocol assay. Studies with deoxynucleoside analogues indicated that 3'-azido-3'deoxythymidine triphosphate is much more inhibitory than 2',3'-dideoxy 2',3'didehydrothymidine triphosphate, and the cytidine analogue ddCTP was not inhibitory. ddGTP was the most potent inhibitor among all dideoxynucleosides studied.
Reversal of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by a soluble peptide variant of a myelin basic protein epitope: T cell receptor antagonism and reduction of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha production. (1994)

An immunodominant epitope of myelin basic protein (MBP), VHFFKNIVTPRTP (p87-99), is a major target of T cells in lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) and in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). T cells found in EAE lesions bear the same amino acids in the third complementary determining region of the T cell receptor (TCR) as those found in MS lesions. We analyzed the trimolecular interactions between MBP p87-99, class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and TCR, and designed soluble inhibitors for therapy. F, N, I, and V at positions 90, 92, 93, and 94 interact with MHC, whereas K, T, and P at positions 91, 95, and 96 interact with TCR. The peptides, p87-99[95T > A] and p87-99[96P > A] could compete more effectively with p87-99 for binding to MHC and could antagonize the in vitro response to T cells to p87-99 more effectively than p87-99[91K > A]. However, only p87-99[91K > A] prevented and reversed EAE, indicating that the extent of MHC or TCR competition does not predict success in treating EAE. To elucidate the mechanism of inhibition of EAE, draining lymph node cells from rats immunized with the native peptide alone or together with each of the three TCR antagonists were challenged in vitro with p87-99. Administration of p87-99[91K > A], but not p87-99 [95T > A] or p87-99[96P > A], reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- alpha and interferon (IFN) gamma. IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha are two cytokines that are critical in the pathogenesis of EAE and MS.
Enhanced cytotoxicity of allogeneic NK cells with killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand incompatibility against melanoma and renal cell carcinoma cells (2004)

Cellular inactivation through killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) may allow neoplastic cells to evade host natural killer (NK) cell-mediated immunity. Recently, alloreactive NK cells were shown to mediate antileukemic effects against acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) after mismatched transplantation, when KIR ligand incompatibility existed in the direction of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Therefore, we investigated whether solid tumor cells would have similar enhanced susceptibility to allogeneic KIR-incompatible NK cells compared with their KIR-matched autologous or allogeneic counterparts. NK populations enriched and cloned from the blood of cancer patients or healthy donors homozygous for HLA-C alleles in group 1 (C-G1) or group 2 (C-G2) were tested in vitro for cytotoxicity against Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastic cell lines (EBV-LCLs), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and melanoma (MEL) cells with or without a matching KIR-inhibitory HLA-C ligand. Allogeneic NK cells were more cytotoxic to tumor targets mismatched for KIR ligands than their KIR ligand-matched counterparts. Bulk NK populations (CD3(-)/CD2(+)/CD56(+)) expanded 10(4)-fold from patients homozygous for C-G1 or C-G2 had enhanced cytotoxicity against KIR ligand-mismatched tumor cells but only minimal cytotoxicity against KIR ligand-matched targets. Further, NK cell lines from C-G1 or C-G2 homozygous cancer patients or healthy donors expanded but failed to kill autologous or KIR-matched MEL and RCC cells yet had significant cytotoxicity (more than 50% lysis at 20:1 effector-target [E/T] ratio) against allogeneic KIR-mismatched tumor lines. These data suggest immunotherapeutic strategies that use KIR-incompatible allogeneic NK cells might have superior antineoplastic effects against solid tumors compared with approaches using autologous NK cells.
In vitro analysis of aminoglycoside therapy for the Arg 120stop nonsense mutation in RP2 patients (2001)

X linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is a heterogeneous disease causing a severe form of retinal degeneration. Patients typically present with night blindness and constricted visual fields within the first two decades of life owing to peripheral photoreceptor degeneration. As the disease progresses, impairment of central vision occurs resulting in loss of visual acuity and complete functional blindness often by the age of 40-50 years.1 The gene that causes one form of this disease, RP2 , has recently been positionally cloned and has been shown to account for between 15-20% of XLRP.2 The RP2 gene consists of five exons encoding a polypeptide of 350 amino acids and is ubiquitously expressed. There are currently few functional data available about this protein. One functional clue is a similarity to cofactor C with the predicted RP2 amino acid sequence having 30.4% identity over 151 amino acids.2 Cofactor C was initially thought to play a role in the folding of β-tubulin,3,4 suggesting that RP2 could also be involved in tubulin biogenesis. A recent study has shown, however, that RP2 undergoes N-terminal acyl modification and thus has a predominantly plasma membrane localisation in cultured cells.5 For this reason it seems unlikely that RP2 functions exclusively in tubulin folding and its precise function and any specific role in the retina are at present unknown. Mutation screening in XLRP patients has identified over 20 different pathogenic mutations in the RP2 gene, including missense, frameshift, insertion, and deletion changes.2,6–11 There are also three different identified nonsense mutations causing a premature stop within the first two exons of the gene.2,6–8

In this study, we have investigated a potential drug mediated therapy to restore RP2 function in patients with nonsense mutations, in particular the opal nonsense mutation converting CGA …
A review of progress in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of brain edema (2007)

Significant new findings have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of brain edema; however, less progress has been made in treatment. Aquaporin water channels offer hope for modulating and abating the devastating effects of fulminating brain edema in trauma and stroke.
Removal of N‐terminal methionine from recombinant proteins by engineered E. coli methionine aminopeptidase (2004)

The removal of N-terminal translation initiator Met by methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is often crucial for the function and stability of proteins. On the basis of crystal structure and sequence alignment of MetAPs, we have engineered Escherichia coli MetAP by the mutation of three residues, Y168G, M206T, Q233G, in the substrate-binding pocket. Our engineered MetAPs are able to remove the Met from bulky or acidic penultimate residues, such as Met, His, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Leu, Ile, Tyr, and Trp, as well as from small residues. The penultimate residue, the second residue after Met, was further removed if the antepenultimate residue, the third residue after Met, was small. By the coexpression of engineered MetAP in E. coli through the same or a separate vector, we have successfully produced recombinant proteins possessing an innate N terminus, such as onconase, an antitumor ribonuclease from the frog Rana pipiens. The N-terminal pyroglutamate of recombinant onconase is critical for its structural integrity, catalytic activity, and cyto-toxicity. On the basis of N-terminal sequence information in the protein database, 85%-90% of recombinant proteins should be produced in authentic form by our engineered MetAPs.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome (2010)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)and metabolic syndrome(MS) both are chronic diseases with leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and result social burden.They impact each other in some way and have some similarity in pathogenesis.The reasons including smoking,hypoxia,oxidative stress,a sedentary lifestyle,cytokines,adipocytokines,and corticosteroid therapy may explain that MS is frequent in patients with COPD.However,the influence of hyperglycemia to infection,immunity and lung function could deteriorate the prognosis from COPD.This review is to discuss the relationship between COPD and MS.

Key words: 
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Metabolic syndrome; Insulin resistant
Physical Polymer Matrices Based on Affinity Interactions between Peptides and Polysaccharides (2003)

A rapidly forming polymer matrix with affinity-based controlled release properties was developed based upon interactions between heparin-binding peptides and heparin. Dynamic mechanical testing of 10% (w/v) compositions consisting of a 3:1 molar ratio of poly(ethylene glycol)-co-peptide (approximately 18,000 g/mol) to heparin (approximately 18,000 g/mol) revealed a viscoelastic profile similar to that of concentrated, large molecular weight polymer solutions and melts. In addition, the biopolymer mixtures recovered quickly following thermal denaturation and mechanical insult. These gel-like materials were able to sequester exogenous heparin-binding peptides and could release these peptides over several days at rates dependent on relative heparin affinity. The initial release rates ranged from 3.3% per hour for a peptide with low heparin affinity to 0.025% per hour for a peptide with strong heparin affinity. By altering the affinity of peptides to heparin, a series of peptides can be developed to yield a range of release profiles useful for controlled in vivo delivery of therapeutics.
Characterization of DNA synthesis during the 2‐cell stage and the production of tetraploid chimeric pig embryos (1996)

The DNA content of nuclei during the 2-cell stage as well as in presumptive tetraploid embryos was investigated. In vivo produced pig zygotes were cultured to the 2-cell stage and either monitored for cleavage to the 4-cell stage or mounted at various times postcleavage and DNA content determined. The length of the 2-cell stage was 14.8 ± 3.0 hr. There was a significant increase in the length of the 2-cell stage due to the time in vitro as a zygote (P < 0.001: R2 = 0.866). The DNA content increased (P < 0.05) each 2 hr postcleavage until 10 hr postcleavage. This suggested that there is a short G1 and G2 phase and a relatively long phase of DNA synthesis. Next, 2-cell stage embryos were pulsed with electricity to induce cell-to-cell fusion. Whereas only about half fused within 30 min (55%), most (96%) developed to the blastocyst stage. The DNA content of the nuclei of the embryos was consistent with them being tetraploid. A final experiment was designed to evaluate the ability of the tetraploid embryo to form a chimera with isolated inner cell mass (ICM) cells. Inner cell masses were isolated from d 6 embryos, cut into thirds, labeled with DiO (a membrane die) and injected into the perivitelline space of 4-cell-stage tetraploid embryos. Twelve of 17 formed blastocysts. In most 8/12), the ICM of the resulting blastocyst was labeled, whereas in one the only fluorescence was in the trophectoderm, and in two fluorescence was evenly distributed between the ICM and trophectoderm. These results suggest that it may be possible to create a fetus derived from ICM cells, or potentially stem cells, that has a tetraploid trophoblast. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Spherical Microphone Arrays for 3D Sound Recording (2006)

With the recent widespread availability of inexpensive DVD players and home theater systems, surround sound has become a mainstream consumer technology. The basic recording techniques for live sound events have not changed to accommodate this new dimension of sound field playback. More advanced analysis of sound fields and forensic capture of spatial sound also require new microphone array systems. This chapter describes a new spherical microphone array that performs an orthonormal decomposition of the sound pressure field. Sufficient order decomposition into these eigenbeams can produce much higher spatial resolution than traditional recording systems, thereby enabling more accurate sound field capture. A general mathematical framework based on these eigenbeams forms the basis of a scalable representation that enables one to easily compute and analyze the spatial distribution of live or recorded sound fields. A 24 element spherical microphone array composed of pressure microphones mounted on the surface of a rigid spherical baffle was constructed. Experimental results from a real-time implementation show that a theory based on spherical harmonic eigenbeams matches measured results.
Human HER2 (neu) promoter: evidence for multiple mechanisms for transcriptional initiation. (1987)

We localized the 5' region of the human gene HER2 in a cloned fragment of genomic DNA. This clone contained exons 1 to 4 of HER2, spanning the coding sequence for the first 191 amino acids. The promoter region of HER2 was identified upstream to exon 1 by nuclease S1 mapping and by a functional assay in which the promoter region drives the expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. The HER2 promoter is different from the promoter of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (HER1), and the GC boxes which are typical of the promoter of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene are absent from the HER2 promoter. One major and two minor RNA start sites located at nucleotides 178, 244, and 257 upstream to the initiator ATG were identified. The first one is 21 and 70 base pairs downstream from typical TATAA and CAAT boxes, respectively. This indicates that transcription of HER2/neu can be regulated by a mechanism involving a TATA box, as well as by other unidentified regulatory elements.
Gene Therapy (1993)

Genetics is playing an increasingly important role in medicine. It has become clear that genetic factors are involved in virtually every disease that afflicts humanity. Although conventional pharmacologic therapy is effective for many diseases, the underlying genetic predispositions that lead to the diseases are not influenced by these therapies. In particular, with few exceptions, therapy is woefully inadequate for diseases that follow a simple mendelian pattern of inheritance and thus are caused primarily by a single genetic defect. The ultimate goal of treatment of genetic disease is repair of the genetic defect, ie, gene therapy.<sup>1,2</sup>In the past few years, there has been an explosion of interest in this new form of medical treatment. As gene therapy increasingly moves from research laboratories to clinical trials, it will inevitably become standard therapy for many diseases commonly seen by general pediatricians, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), hemophilia, and sickle cell anemia. Thus,
Сенсорно-этические интроверты: опыт наблюдения в природе (2010)

Psychological, behavioural and intellectual features of representatives of type the sensing ethical introvert are considered. The special attention is given to those aspects which did not find a reflection in the socionical descriptions of this type before. A reader can get the additional information about the features of type and the mechanism of identity relations, comparing the texts belonging to each of co-authors.
Amplitude dependence of frequency in oscillators (1972)

The lower part of the f.m. spectrum in oscillators is discussed and experimental results at 36 GHz are compared with Edson&apos;s theory. The discrepancy found is explained by Blaquière&apos;s frequency-amplitude dependence, and the parameter involved in this dependence is evaluated by equating experimental and theoretical linewidths. The signal-power spectrum is also presented.
A tutorial on MPEG/audio compression (1995)

This tutorial covers the theory behind MPEG/audio compression. While lossy, the algorithm can often provide "transparent", perceptually lossless compression, even with factors of 6-to-1 or more. It exploits the perceptual properties of the human auditory system. The article also covers the basics of psychoacoustic modeling and the methods the algorithm uses to compress audio data with the least perceptible degradation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Highly selective partial oxidation of methane to methyl trifluoroacetate (1990)

Methane has been oxidized stoicheiometrically by cobalt(III) trifluoroacetate in CF3CO2H solution at 150–180 °C and 10–40 atm to give methyl trifluoroacetate in 90 ± 10% yield based on CoIII, which is reduced to CoII; in the presence of O2(1–5 atm) the reaction becomes catalytic with respect to the cobalt(III) salt, giving methyl trifluoroacetate as the sole product of the oxidation of methane by dioxygen.
Styrene‐divinylbenzene copolymers II. Influence of the nature of the diluent on the texture of macroporous copolymers (1979)

Abstract Macroporous styrene‐divinylbenzene resins are studied using precipitating agents as diluents. A definition of the macroporous domain is given, based on homogeneous properties and structures. The existence of this macroporous domain is proved to be a general feature of the macroporous resins field. The position of this domain is specified for 4 different diluents. The evolution of the texture of the resins, according to their position inside or outside the macroporous domain is analyzed and discussed.