gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phospholipid phase transitions in homogeneous nanometer scale bilayer discs (2003)

Nanoscale protein supported phospholipid bilayer discs, or Nanodiscs, were produced for the purpose of studying the phase transition behavior of the incorporated lipids. Nanodiscs and vesicles were prepared with two phospholipids, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, and the phase transition of each was analyzed using laurdan fluorescence and differential scanning calorimetry. Laurdan is a fluorescent probe sensitive to the increase of hydration in the lipid bilayer that accompanies the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition. The emission intensity profile can be used to derive the generalized polarization, a measure of the relative amount of each phase present. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to further quantitate the phase transition of the phospholipids. Both methods revealed broader transitions for the lipids in Nanodiscs compared to those in vesicles. Also, the transition midpoint was shifted 3-4 degrees C higher for both lipids when incorporated into Nanodiscs. These findings are explained by a loss of cooperativity in the lipids of Nanodiscs which is attributable to the small size of the Nanodiscs as well as the interaction of boundary lipids with the protein encircling the discs. The broad transition of the Nanodisc lipid bilayer better mimics the phase behavior of cellular membranes than vesicles, making Nanodiscs a 'native-like' lipid environment in which to study membrane associated proteins.
Fatal allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome after treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia (2005)

Allopurinol, an analogue of hypoxanthine, which inhibits xanthine oxidase, is an effective urate lowering drug that has been the cornerstone in the treatment of hyperuricaemia and gout for decades. In most patients, the drug is well tolerated, however, about 2% of treated patients develop a skin rash. Also, an estimated 0.4%, particularly people with kidney failure or having concomitant thiazide diuretic therapy, may experience a severe idiosyncratic reaction, known as allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome. ] Most are asymptomatic and will never develop gout. Also, high urate concentrations do not seem to cause cardiovascular disease, as was previously thought. Consequently, urate lowering agents are not indicated in the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. 4 5 We report a case of fatal allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome after inappropriate treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia.
A randomized controlled trial of high-dose intravenous nicardipine in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (1993)

Because of their action as cerebral vasodilators, dihydropyridine calcium antagonists have received intense scrutiny for their potential benefit in ameliorating the devastating consequences of delayed cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). From October, 1987, to September, 1989, 41 North American neurosurgical centers in the Cooperative Aneurysm Study accrued 906 patients with recent (Days 0 to 7) aneurysmal SAH into a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of high-dose intravenous nicardipine to test whether treatment with this agent improved overall outcome. Eligible patients received 0.15 mg/kg/hr of either nicardipine or placebo by continuous infusion for up to 14 days following hemorrhage. The 449 patients randomly assigned to the nicardipine-treated group and the 457 patients assigned to the placebo-treated group were balanced with regard to prognostic factors for ischemic deficits from vasospasm and for overall outcome. Other medical and surgical interventions were used with similar frequency in both groups, except that antihypertensive agents were used less frequently in the nicardipine-treated patients (26% of the nicardipine-treated group vs. 43% of the placebo-treated group, p < 0.001), and more patients in the placebo-treated group had intentional hypervolemia, induced hypertension, and/or hemodilution administered therapeutically for symptomatic vasospasm (38% of the placebo-treated group vs. 25% of the nicardipine-treated group, p < 0.001). The incidence of symptomatic vasospasm during the treatment period was higher in the placebo-treated group (46%) than in the nicardipine-treated group (32%) (p < 0.001). Despite the reduction in symptomatic vasospasm in the nicardipine-treated group, overall outcome at 3 months was similar between the two groups. Fifty-five percent of nicardipine-treated patients were rated as having a good recovery according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale at follow-up review and 17% were dead, compared to 56% and 18%, respectively, in the placebo-treated group (not statistically significant). These data suggest that high-dose intravenous nicardipine treatment is associated with a reduced incidence of symptomatic vasospasm in patients with recent aneurysmal SAH, but not with an improvement in overall outcome at 3 months when compared to standard management in North America. It is postulated that, while nicardipine prevents vasospasm, hypertensive/hypervolemic therapy may be effective in reversing ischemic deficits from vasospasm once they occur.
Disseminating active map information to mobile hosts (1994)

The article describes an active map service (AMS) that supports context-aware computing by providing clients with information about located-objects and how those objects change over time. The authors focus on the communication issues of disseminating information from an active map server to its clients, and in particular, address how to deal with various overload situations that can occur. Simple unicast callbacks to interested clients work well enough if only a few located-objects are moving at any given time and only a few clients wish to know about any given move. However, if many people are moving about in the same region and many clients are interested in their motion, then the AMS may experience overload due to the quadratic nature of the communications involved. This overload affects both the server as well as any slow communications links being used. Mobile distributed computing enables users to interact with many different mobile and stationary computers over the course of the day. Navigating a mobile environment can be aided by active maps that describe the location and characteristics of objects within some region as they change over time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hepatitis C Viral Dynamics in Vivo and the Antiviral Efficacy of Interferon-α Therapy (1998)

To better understand the dynamics of hepatitis C virus and the antiviral effect of interferon-alpha-2b (IFN), viral decline in 23 patients during therapy was analyzed with a mathematical model. The analysis indicates that the major initial effect of IFN is to block virion production or release, with blocking efficacies of 81, 95, and 96% for daily doses of 5, 10, and 15 million international units, respectively. The estimated virion half-life (t1/2) was, on average, 2.7 hours, with pretreatment production and clearance of 10(12) virions per day. The estimated infected cell death rate exhibited large interpatient variation (corresponding t1/2 = 1.7 to 70 days), was inversely correlated with baseline viral load, and was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase levels. Fast death rates were predictive of virus being undetectable by polymerase chain reaction at 3 months. These findings show that infection with hepatitis C virus is highly dynamic and that early monitoring of viral load can help guide therapy.
An antigen-specific hypersensitivity which does not fit into traditional classification of hypersensitivity. (1989)

A unique type of Ag-specific hypersensitivity was induced by challenging the Ag-sensitized mice at the ear. It was elicited within 1 h after the Ag challenge, and thus was distinct from either the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) which developed in 24 h or the immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity which evolved in 4 to 6 h. This hypersensitivity was referred to as early-type hypersensitivity (ETH). The time required for these types of hypersensitivity to develop after immunization was also different; DTH required 4 to 6 days, ETH 9 to 11 days, whereas plasma protein-induced immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity needed 18 to 21 days. The ETH could be induced by a smaller amount of Ag than DTH, and unlike DTH could be transferred by either immune sera or T cell-derived culture factor which was small m.w. Although the ETH developed later than DTH after sensitization, it lasted longer once developed and the pattern of response was inversely related to DTH. Furthermore, the denatured hepatitis B surface Ag induced DTH but not ETH, in contrast to native hepatitis B surface Ag that induced both, suggesting that the epitopes recognized by TETH cells were distinct from those recognized by TDTH cells. The ETH could be induced by most Ag tested including poly(Glu60Ala10Tyr10, L-lactic dehydrogenase, insulin, chicken egg white lysozyme, polymerized human serum albumin, horse gamma-globulin, transferrin, fibrinogen, and plasminogen, but not by purified protein derivative. Because poly(Glu60Ala10Tyr10, L-lactic dehydrogenase, egg white lysozyme and insulin were under the Ir gene control and the inducibility of ETH was Ag dependent and was closely correlated with that of DTH, the expression of ETH also must be regulated by Ir gene. The histopathologic changes in ETH consisted of capillary congestion and edema. The vasopermeability was increased and there was the leakage of plasma proteins into the tissue. Based on these data, we concluded that the ETH reported in this study was a novel type of Ag-specific hypersensitivity.
Pd(OAc)2/DABCO as an Inexpensive and Efficient Catalytic System for Hiyama Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides with Aryltrimethoxysilanes (2005)

Pd(OAc)2/DABCO was found to be an inexpensive and efficient catalyst system for Hiyama cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with aryltrimethoxysilanes. In the presence of Pd(OAc)2, DABCO, and TBAF, coupling of a number of aryl halides with aryltrimethoxysilanes underwent efficiently to afford the corresponding cross-coupled products in moderate to excellent yields.
B cell function in mice transgenic for mCTLA4-H gamma 1: lack of germinal centers correlated with poor affinity maturation and class switching despite normal priming of CD4+ T cells. (1994)

This report outlines the B cell phenotype of transgenic mice that overexpresses the mouse CTLA-4-human gamma 1 (mCTLA4-H gamma 1) protein. Despite the fact that these mice prime CD4+ T cells (Ronchese, F., B. Housemann, S. Hubele, and P. Lane. 1994. J. Exp. Med. 179:809), antibody responses to T-dependent antigens are severely impaired. In contrast, T-independent responses are normal which suggests mCTLA4-H gamma 1 does not act directly on B cells, but acts indirectly by impairing T cell help. The impaired antibody defect is associated with impaired class switching, with low total immunoglobulin (Ig)G and antigen-specific IgG responses, and an absence of germinal center formation in spleen and lymph nodes but not gut-associated tissues. The defective germinal center formation is associated with a reduction in the degree of somatic mutation in hybridomas made from transgenic mice in comparison with those made from normal mice. It seems likely that mCTLA4-H gamma 1 exerts its effect by blocking an interaction between T and B cells that induce T cell help for B cells.
Anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptors with fully human heavy-chain-only antigen recognition domains (2020)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) have activity against multiple myeloma, but improvements in anti-BCMA CARs are needed. We demonstrated recipient anti-CAR T-cell responses against a murine single-chain variable fragment (scFv) used clinically in anti-BCMA CARs. To bypass potential anti-CAR immunogenicity and to reduce CAR binding domain size, here we designed CARs with antigen-recognition domains consisting of only a fully human heavy-chain variable domain without a light-chain domain. A CAR designated FHVH33-CD8BBZ contains a fully human heavy-chain variable domain (FHVH) plus 4-1BB and CD3ζ domains. T cells expressing FHVH33-CD8BBZ exhibit similar cytokine release, degranulation, and mouse tumor eradication as a CAR that is identical except for substitution of a scFv for FHVH33. Inclusion of 4-1BB is critical for reducing activation-induced cell death and promoting survival of T cells expressing FHVH33-containing CARs. Our results indicate that heavy-chain-only anti-BCMA CARs are suitable for evaluation in a clinical trial.
Characterization of the Tacaribe Group of Arboviruses. 1. Propagation and Plaque Assay of Tacaribe Virus in a Line of African Green Monkey Kidney Cells (Vero) (1967)

An African green monkey kidney cell line (Vero) has been found to support growth of Tacaribe virus. Cytopathic effects (CPE) were pronounced and appeared within 7 days after inoculation with 10-5 dilution of the virus. They were reproducible in 10 serial subcultures. Tacaribe virus also produced distinct plaques with sharp boundaries in monolayer cultures of Vero cells under agar overlay. A linear relationship was observed between plaque counts and virus concentration. The development of CPE and plaques was specifically inhibited by Tacaribe virus immune rabbit serum, but not by Junin or Machupo virus antiserum. Virus assays obtained by titration endpoints of CPE or by plaque counts in tissue culture were comparable to those obtained by titration in suckling mice. When the cultures were infected with <0.001 PFU/cell, virus yields reached their peaks within 7 days.
Nucleotide sequence of the region coding for 100K and 33K proteins of human enteric adenovirus type 41 (Tak) (1990)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of the region coding for 100K and 33K proteins of human enteric adenovirus type 41 (Tak) Get access Susan B. Slemenda, Susan B. Slemenda 1Parasitic Diseases BranchAtlanta, GA 30333, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Norman J. Pieniazek, Norman J. Pieniazek 1Parasitic Diseases BranchAtlanta, GA 30333, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jorge Velarde, Jr., Jorge Velarde, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Danuta Pieniazek, Danuta Pieniazek 2AIDS Program, Centers for Disease ControlAtlanta, GA 30333, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ronald B. Luftig Ronald B. Luftig * * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 10, 25 May 1990, Page 3069, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.10.3069 Published: 25 May 1990 Article history Received: 23 March 1990 Published: 25 May 1990
Real Power Scheduling of Thermal Power Plants Using Evolution Technique (2014)

In present days with increasing in load demand and with large interconnection of various networks it is essential to operate generating stations optimally within its constraints. Otherwise the price for the cost of generation increases. So it is very much essential to reduce the cost of generation. The cost of generation mainly includes running cost of generation ie., fuel cost with respect to thermal & nuclear power stations. Also the major economic factor in power system planning, operation and control is with the cost of generating real power. 
In this paper, the main objective is to minimize the cost of real power generation by optimal allocation of generating units to load demand subjected to equality and inequality constraints. The optimum generation scheduling plays an extremely important role in optimal operation of power system. To obtain economic scheduling, a method is proposed based on lambda iterative approach using Differential Evolution programming. The Economic Dispatch (ED) is to minimize the operating fuel cost while satisfying the load demand and operational constraints. The analysis is carried out with inclusion of transmission losses and the results are presented. The proposed method is tested with two sample systems by considering various load demands. The numerical results have shown the performance and applicability of the proposed method. Also the results obtained by the proposed method are compared with the existing methods.
A variant of the Kochen-Specker theorem localising value indefiniteness (2015)

The Kochen-Specker theorem proves the inability to assign, simultaneously, noncontextual definite values to all (of a finite set of) quantum mechanical observables in a consistent manner. If one assumes that any definite values behave noncontextually, one can nonetheless only conclude that some observables (in this set) are value indefinite. In this paper, we prove a variant of the Kochen-Specker theorem showing that, under the same assumption of noncontextuality, if a single one-dimensional projection observable is assigned the definite value 1, then no one-dimensional projection observable that is incompatible (i.e., non-commuting) with this one can be assigned consistently a definite value. Unlike standard proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem, in order to localise and show the extent of value indefiniteness, this result requires a constructive method of reduction between Kochen-Specker sets. If a system is prepared in a pure state ψ, then it is reasonable to assume that any value assignment (i.e., hidden variable model) for this system assigns the value 1 to the observable projecting onto the one-dimensional linear subspace spanned by ψ, and the value 0 to those projecting onto linear subspaces orthogonal to it. Our result can be interpreted, under this assumption, as showing that the outcome of a measurement of any other incompatible one-dimensional projection observable cannot be determined in advance, thus formalising a notion of quantum randomness.
MBNL binds similar RNA structures in the CUG repeats of myotonic dystrophy and its pre-mRNA substrate cardiac troponin T (2007)

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a genetic disorder with multisystemic symptoms that is caused by expression (as RNA) of expanded repeats of CTG or CCTG in the genome. It is hypothesized that the RNA splicing factor muscleblind-like (MBNL) is sequestered to the expanded CUG or CCUG RNAs. Mislocalization of MBNL results in missplicing of a subset of pre-mRNAs that are linked to the symptoms found in DM patients. We demonstrate that MBNL can bind short structured CUG and CCUG repeats with high affinity and specificity. Only 6 base pairs are necessary for MBNL binding: two pyrimidine mismatches and four guanosine-cytosine base pairs in a stem. MBNL also has a preference for pyrimidine mismatches, but many other mismatches are tolerated with decreased affinity. We also demonstrate that MBNL binds the helical region of a stem-loop in the endogenous pre-mRNA target, the cardiac troponin T (cTNT) pre-mRNA. The stem-loop contains two mismatches and resembles both CUG and CCUG repeats. In vivo splicing results indicate that MBNL-regulated splicing is dependent upon the formation of stem-loops recognized by MBNL. These results suggest that MBNL may bind all of its RNA substrates, both normal and pathogenic, as structured stem-loops containing pyrimidine mismatches.
Dynamic hammock predication for non-predicated instruction set architectures (1998)

Conventional speculative architectures use branch prediction to evaluate the most likely execution path during program execution. However certain branches are difficult to predict. One solution to this problem is to evaluate both paths following such a conditional branch. Predicated execution can be used to implement this form of multi-path execution. Predicated architectures fetch and issue instructions that have associated predicates. These predicates indicate if the instruction should commit its result. Predicating a branch reduces the number of branches executed, eliminating the chance of branch misprediction at the cost of executing additional instructions. In this paper, we propose a restricted form of multi-path execution called Dynamic Predication for architectures with little or no support for predicated instructions in their instruction set. Dynamic predication dynamically predicates instruction sequences in the form of a branch hammock concurrently executing both paths of the branch. A branch hammock is a short forward branch that spans a few instructions in the form of an if-then or if-then-else construct we mark these and other constructs in the executable. When the decode stage detects such a sequence, it passes a predicated instruction sequence to a dynamically scheduled execution core. Our results show that dynamic predication can accrue speedups of up to 13%.
A practical, low-noise, stretched pulse Yb/sup 3+/ doped fiber laser (2001)

Summary form only given. Yb/sup 3+/ doped silica fibers represent an attractive medium for the generation and amplification of ultrashort pulses. We demonstrated the first short pulse Yb/sup 3+/ silica fiber oscillator in 1996. Although good self-starting performance was obtained and <100fs pulses were generated, the cavity was of a complex design, incorporating an optical circulator arrangement and an intracavity prism based dispersion compensator. Moreover, it was pumped with a Ti:sapphire laser. We report the development of a far more practical and stable diode-pumped system, that we consider will prove highly attractive for a wide range of scientific and industrial applications.
Morphological Alteration Caused by Brassinosteroid Insensitivity Increases the Biomass and Grain Production of Rice (2006)

The rice (Oryza sativa) dwarf mutant d61 phenotype is caused by loss of function of a rice BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 ortholog, OsBRI1. We have identified nine d61 alleles, the weakest of which, d61-7, confers agronomically important traits such as semidwarf stature and erect leaves. Because erect-leaf habit is considered to increase light capture for photosynthesis, we compared the biomass and grain production of wild-type and d61-7 rice. The biomass of wild type was 38% higher than that of d61-7 at harvest under conventional planting density because of the dwarfism of d61-7. However, the biomass of d61-7 was 35% higher than that of wild type at high planting density. The grain yield of wild type reached a maximum at middensity, but the yield of d61-7 continued to increase with planting density. These results indicate that d61-7 produces biomass more effectively than wild type, and consequently more effectively assimilates the biomass in reproductive organ development at high planting density. However, the small grain size of d61-7 counters any increase in grain yield, leading to the same grain yield as that of wild type even at high density. We therefore produced transgenic rice with partial suppression of endogenous OsBRI1 expression to obtain the erect-leaf phenotype without grain changes. The estimated grain yield of these transformants was about 30% higher than that of wild type at high density. These results demonstrate the feasibility of generating erect-leaf plants by modifying the expression of the brassinosteroid receptor gene in transgenic rice plants.