gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the performance of cooperative diversity protocols in practical wireless systems (2003)

The concepts of cooperative diversity promise to offer the benefits of spatial diversity gains to handheld wireless devices with single antennas. The information-theoretic bounds that have been established recently serve as basic guidelines; yet, the performance of such protocols should additionally be examined for more realistic assumptions. Towards this end, we study cooperative diversity protocols for systems employing limited modulation alphabets and realistic receiver structures regarding the knowledge of channel state information. Our findings imply that under these conditions full second order diversity can only be achieved by using adaptive versions of cooperative protocols. As with other diversity schemes (e.g. space time block codes), our results for uncoded transmission can easily be combined with FEC techniques to obtain excellent error rate performance.
Desquamation of the human horny layer (1967)

By protecting various portions of the skin surface, the morphology of the shedding process has been discerned. Normal desquamation is neither in the form of subcellular particles nor as a microscopic dust of individual cells. The stratum corneum cracks up in its outermost portion into aggregates of cells to be finally shed as fine scales and flakes.
Cyclophosphamide and 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide/aldophosphamide kinetics in patients receiving high-dose cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. (1996)

Using a recently developed gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method to determine whole-blood cyclophosphamide (CP) and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide/aldophosphamide (4-HO-CP/AP) concentrations, we investigated their pharmacokinetics in women receiving CP therapy. Patients (n = 18) received one or two courses of CP: (a) a 90-min i.v. infusion (4 g/m2) followed by a 96-h i.v. infusion (6 g/m2) in combination with high-dose thiotepa; or (b) a 96-h i.v. infusion (6 g/m2) in combination with high-dose thiotepa. Whole-blood exposures to CP [area under the whole blood concentration versus time curve (AUCCP)] and 4-HO-CP/AP (AUC4HOCP) between courses 1 and 2 were compared after normalization to dose (g/m2). A nonproportional increase was observed for the AUCCP between the first course [1112 micrometer. h/g/m2 +/- 14% coefficient of variation (CV)] and the second course (1579 micrometer . h/g/m2 +/- 28% CV) (P < 0.001). In contrast, the AUC4HOCP (27 micrometer . h/g/m2 +/- 25% CV) determined for the first course was 29% higher than the AUC4HOCP (21 micrometer . h/g/m2 +/- 26% CV) for the second course (P < 0.01). The interpatient whole-blood exposures to both CP and 4-HO-CP/AP were remarkably consistent in this patient population with percent CVs ranging from 14 to 28%. Because thiotepa (800 mg/m2) was administered simultaneously with CP during the second course of treatment, possible inhibition of CP metabolism by thiotepa was investigated using human liver microsomes in vitro. IC50 values determined for inhibition of CP metabolism in three individual liver donors ranged from 1.0 to 40 micrometer. However, the clinical relevance of this observation has not been established.
Structure, sequence, and position of the stem-loop in tar determine transcriptional elongation by tat through the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. (1989)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-encoded trans-activator (tat) increases HIV gene expression and replication. Previously, we demonstrated that tat facilitates elongation of transcription through the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and that short transcripts corresponding to prematurely terminated RNA are released and accumulate in the absence of tat. Here, using a transient expression assay, we tested clustered and compensatory mutations, as well as 3' deletions, in the trans-acting responsive region (tar) and observed that the primary sequence in the loop and secondary structure in the stem of the stem-loop in tar are required for trans-activation by tat. Insertions in the 5' region of tar revealed that tar must be near the site of HIV-1 initiation of transcription for trans-activation by tat. Deletions (3') and an insertion in tar demonstrated that an intact stem-loop is required for the recovery of prematurely terminated transcripts. Short and full-length transcripts were observed also with HIV type 2 (HIV-2) in the absence and presence of tat, respectively. We conclude that an intact stem-loop in tar is essential for trans-activation by tat and that initiation of transcription by HIV-1 promoter factors and elongation of transcription by tat are coupled.
Oxidative Electropolymerization of Metal Schiff-Base Complexes (1988)

Abstract New electropolymerizable metal Schiff-base complexes (M = Ni, Co, or Mn) were prepared for use in polymer modified electrodes by incorporating two N,N-dimethylaniline-like moieties onto the periphery of the salen (salen = ethylenebis(salicyldiminato)) ligand. Oxidative electropolymerzation appears to occur by the tail-to-tail coupling of aromatic amine cation radicals on adjacent molecules near the electrode surface. The electrochemistry of the resulting redox-conductive polymer film in solvent and supporting electrolyte with no monomer present resembles that for the respective monomer in solution. The voltammetric response for the manganese complex polymer is generally poor but can be enhanced by the addition of a redox mediator tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) to the solution in which the electrode is immersed. Utilizing the mediation reaction approach, approximately twenty five percent of the available manganese in the polymer film was electrochemically active.
Microglial Stimulation of Glioblastoma Invasion Involves Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF-1R) Signaling (2012)

Glioblastoma multiforme is a deadly cancer for which current treatment options are limited. The ability of glioblastoma tumor cells to infiltrate the surrounding brain parenchyma critically limits the effectiveness of current treatments. We investigated how microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, stimulate glioblastoma cell invasion. We first examined the ability of normal microglia from C57Bl/6J mice to stimulate GL261 glioblastoma cell invasion in vitro. We found that microglia stimulate the invasion of GL261 glioblastoma cells by approximately eightfold in an in vitro invasion assay. Pharmacological inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) strongly inhibited microglia-stimulated invasion. Furthermore, blockade of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) signaling using ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference or pharmacological inhibitors completely inhibited microglial enhancement of glioblastoma invasion. GL261 cells were found to constitutively secrete CSF-1, the levels of which were unaffected by epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, EGFR inhibition or coculture with microglia. CSF-1 only stimulated microglia invasion, whereas EGF only stimulated glioblastoma cell migration, demonstrating a synergistic interaction between these two cell types. Finally, using PLX3397 (a CSF-1R inhibitor that can cross the blood-brain barrier) in live animals, we discovered that blockade of CSF-1R signaling in vivo reduced the number of tumor-associated microglia and glioblastoma invasion. These data indicate that glioblastoma and microglia interactions mediated by EGF and CSF-1 can enhance glioblastoma invasion and demonstrate the possibility of inhibiting glioblastoma invasion by targeting glioblastoma-associated microglia via inhibition of the CSF-1R.
Effect of intense laser radiation on controlled VO2 mirrors (2000)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text O. B. Danilov, A. P. Zhevlakov, A. I. Sidorov, S. A. Tul'skii, I. L. Yachnev , and D. Titterton, "Effect of intense laser radiation on controlled VO2 mirrors," J. Opt. Technol. 67, 526- (2000) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Primitive, quiescent, Philadelphia-positive stem cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia are insensitive to STI571 in vitro (2002)

In clinical trials, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 has proven highly effective in reducing leukemic cell burden in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The overall sensitivity of CML CD34(+) progenitor cells to STI571 and the degree to which cell death was dependent on cell cycle status were determined. Stem cells (Lin(-)CD34(+)) from the peripheral blood of patients with CML in chronic phase and from granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor-mobilized healthy donors were labeled with carboxy-fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl diester dye to enable high-resolution tracking of cell division. Then they were cultured for 3 days with and without growth factors +/- STI571. After culture, the cells were separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting into populations of viable quiescent versus cycling cells for genotyping. For healthy controls, in the presence of growth factors, STI571 affected neither cell cycle kinetics nor recovery of viable cells. In the absence of growth factors, normal cells were unable to divide. For CML samples, in the presence or absence of growth factors, the response to STI571 was variable. In the most sensitive cases, STI571 killed almost all dividing cells; however, a significant population of viable CD34(+) cells was recovered in the undivided peak and confirmed to be part of the leukemic clone. STI571 also appeared to exhibit antiproliferative activity on the quiescent population. These studies confirm that CML stem cells remain viable in a quiescent state even in the presence of growth factors and STI571. Despite dramatic short-term responses in vivo, such in vitro insensitivity to STI571, in combination with its demonstrated antiproliferative activity, could translate into disease relapse after prolonged therapy.
Neural Dust: An Ultrasonic, Low Power Solution for Chronic Brain-Machine Interfaces (2013)

A major hurdle in brain-machine interfaces (BMI) is the lack of an implantable neural interface system that remains viable for a lifetime. This paper explores the fundamental system design trade-offs and ultimate size, power, and bandwidth scaling limits of neural recording systems built from low-power CMOS circuitry coupled with ultrasonic power delivery and backscatter communication. In particular, we propose an ultra-miniature as well as extremely compliant system that enables massive scaling in the number of neural recordings from the brain while providing a path towards truly chronic BMI. These goals are achieved via two fundamental technology innovations: 1) thousands of 10 - 100 μm scale, free-floating, independent sensor nodes, or neural dust, that detect and report local extracellular electrophysiological data, and 2) a sub-cranial interrogator that establishes power and communication links with the neural dust.
Detection of dimension sets in engineering drawings (1994)

This correspondence presents a system for detecting dimension sets in engineering drawings that are drawn to ANSI drafting standards. A new rule-based text/graphics separation algorithm and a model-based procedure for detecting arrowheads in any orientation have been developed. Arrowhead tracking and search methods are used to extract leaders, tails, and witness lines from segmented images containing only graphics. Text blocks and feature control frames extracted from the segmented images are than associated with their corresponding leaders to obtain complete dimension sets. Experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Lysine-2,3-Aminomutase and β-Lysine Acetyltransferase Genes of Methanogenic Archaea Are Salt Induced and Are Essential for the Biosynthesis of N ε -Acetyl-β-Lysine and Growth at High Salinity (2003)

The compatible solute N(epsilon)-acetyl-beta-lysine is unique to methanogenic archaea and is produced under salt stress only. However, the molecular basis for the salt-dependent regulation of N(epsilon)-acetyl-beta-lysine formation is unknown. Genes potentially encoding lysine-2,3-aminomutase (ablA) and beta-lysine acetyltransferase (ablB), which are assumed to catalyze N(epsilon)-acetyl-beta-lysine formation from alpha-lysine, were identified on the chromosomes of the methanogenic archaea Methanosarcina mazei Gö1, Methanosarcina acetivorans, Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanococcus jannaschii, and Methanococcus maripaludis. The order of the two genes was identical in the five organisms, and the deduced proteins were very similar, indicating a high degree of conservation of structure and function. Northern blot analysis revealed that the two genes are organized in an operon (termed the abl operon) in M. mazei Gö1. Expression of the abl operon was strictly salt dependent. The abl operon was deleted in the genetically tractable M. maripaludis. Delta(abl) mutants of M. maripaludis no longer produced N(epsilon)-acetyl-beta-lysine and were incapable of growth at high salt concentrations, indicating that the abl operon is essential for N(epsilon)-acetyl-beta-lysine synthesis. These experiments revealed the first genes involved in the biosynthesis of compatible solutes in methanogens.
Uncertain geometry in robotics (1988)

The author suggests that to operate efficiently, a robot system must be able to represent, account for, and reason about the effects of uncertainty in areas in which geometric analysis also plays an important part. He proposed that uncertainty be represented as an intrinsic part of all geometric descriptions. Toward this goal he develops a description of uncertain geometric features as families of parametrized functions together with a distribution function defined on the associated parameter vector. Uncertain points, curves, and surfaces are considered, and it is shown how they can be manipulated and transformed between coordinate frames in an efficient and consistent manner. The effectiveness of these techniques is demonstrated by application to the problem of developing maximal-information sensing strategies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Content selection based on compositional image quality (2007)

Digital publishing workflows usually have the need for composition and balance within the document, where certain photographs will have to be chosen according to the overall layout of the document it is going to be placed in. i.e., the composition within the photograph will have a relationship/balance with the rest of the document layout. This paper presents a novel image retrieval method, in which the document where the image is to be inserted is used as query. The algorithm calculates a balance measure between the document and each of the images in the collection, retrieving the ones that have a higher balance score. The image visual weight map, used in the balance calculation, has been successfully approximated by a new image quality map that takes into consideration sharpness, contrast and chroma.
A General Method for Rapid Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibility and Species in Bacterial Infections (2014)

To ensure correct antibiotic treatment and reduce the unnecessary use of antibiotics, there is an urgent need for new rapid methods for species identification and determination of antibiotic susceptibility in infectious pathogenic bacteria. We have developed a general method for the rapid identification of the bacterial species causing an infection and the determination of their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. An initial short cultivation step in the absence and presence of different antibiotics was combined with sensitive species-specific padlock probe detection of the bacterial target DNA to allow a determination of growth (i.e., resistance) and no growth (i.e., susceptibility). A proof-of-concept was established for urinary tract infections in which we applied the method to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli for two drugs with 100% accuracy in 3.5 h. The short assay time from sample to readout enables fast appropriate treatment with effective drugs and minimizes the need to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics due to unknown resistance profiles of the treated infection.
Use of64Cu-labeled Fibronectin Domain with EGFR-Overexpressing Tumor Xenograft: Molecular Imaging (2012)

The stability, low background, and target-specific tumor uptake and retention of the engineered fibronectin domain make it a promising EGFR molecular imaging agent. More broadly, it validates the fibronectin domain as a potential scaffold for a generation of various molecular imaging agents.
Vascular endothelial groth factor induces tissue factor and matrix metalloproteinase production in endothelial cells: Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin results in progelatininase a activation and cell proliferation (1998)

Production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by cancer cells at invasive and metastatic sites is an important aspect of tumor angiogenesis. Although known primarily as a mitogen and a vascular permeability factor (VPF) for endothelial cells, VEGF/VPF has been proposed to induce the expression of procoagulant factors in endothelial cells. In this study, we have explored the ramifications of VEGF induction of tissue factor (TF) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and subsequent activation of progelatinase A. Within 3 hr of incubation with VEGF/VPF, endothelial cells accelerate TF generation as measured using chromogenic substrate assays for coagulation factors Xa and thrombin. Incubation of VEGF/VPF-pre-treated cells with prothrombin and factors X, Va, and VIIa at 37 degrees C and subsequent generation of thrombin resulted in activation of secreted endothelial progelatinase A as demonstrated by gelatin zymography. Anti-thrombin III or antibodies to TF inhibited thrombin generation and progelatinase A activation. VEGF/VPF also directly increased HUVEC secretion of interstitial collagenase, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) and, to a lesser extent, gelatinase A. The effect of thrombin on endothelial proliferation in serum-free media was examined. Thrombin was a growth factor for HUVECs at a lower dose than that required for progelatinase A activation. Whereas TIMP-2 abrogated thrombin-induced progelatinase A activation, it had no significant effect on thrombin-induced endothelial cell growth. We propose that an early step in tumor angiogenesis involves VEGF-induced thrombin generation and increased MMP production with subsequent activation of endothelial progelatinase A and degradation of the underlying basement membrane.
The Primary Culture of Rat Prostate Basal Cells (1998)

The objective of this study was to identify the cells from rat prostate epithelium that attach and proliferate in primary culture. Minced ventral prostate was dissociated by DNAse/collagenase digestion, suspended in RPMI-1640 containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and subjected to Percoll centrifugation to separate the epithelial cells from stromal cells. With the use of lectins, it became possible to identify and monitor the fate of the dissociated epithelial cells held in suspension at 37 degrees C for several hours. In tissue sections of the rat prostate, Griffonia simplicifolia I-isolectin B4 (GSI-B4) specifically bound to basal cells, while Glycine maximus (soybean agglutinin [SBA]) was specific for secretory cells. Double staining with lectins and propidium iodide of dissociated cells revealed a preponderance of GSI-B4-positive live cells. The cells were plated in WAJC-404 medium supplemented with various factors, including insulin (5 ng/ml), transferrin (5 ng/ml), EGF (10 ng/ml), and bovine pituitary extract (30 microg/ml). Epithelial colonies that formed and proliferated from these cells also stained positively for GSI-B4 marker and for cytokeratins specific for basal cells as assessed by immunocytochemical staining. Proliferation was greater in cells grown on a collagen Type I matrix. These findings suggest that the epithelial cells that survived in suspension and proliferated in culture originated from basal cells of the rat prostate epithelium.
Killer Cell Activity and Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Are Normal in Hashimoto’s Disease* (1986)

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is the process by which antibodies interact with killer cells to effect cell lysis, whereas natural killing (NK) refers to the ability of peripheral blood killer cells to lyse target cells in the absence of specific antibody. The purpose of the present study was to determine if either NK cells or ADCC might play a role in the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HD) by testing the ability of killer cells to cause lysis of K562 erythroleukemia tumor cells and human thyrocytes in the presence and absence of serum from normal and HD patients. Using K562 target cells, NK activity was 70 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM) for HD effector cells and 66 +/- 5% for normal effector cells at an effector to target ratio of 100:1. Similarly, with thyrocytes as targets, effector cells from HD patients (38 +/- 3%) and normal subjects (34 +/- 5%) caused comparable lysis (at an effector to target ratio of 100:1). Using K562 target cells, ADCC was 35% when effector cells from HD or normal subjects were coincubated with either normal or HD sera. Using thyrocyte target cells, lysis was about 25-30%, but, again, no differences were found between HD and normal effector cells or serum. There was a significant correlation between lysis for K562 and thyrocyte target cells, but there was no significant correlation between the titer of serum antithyroid microsomal antibodies and specific lysis. Intrathyroidal lymphocytes and peripheral lymphocytes from one patient with HD caused comparable lysis of labeled thyrocyte targets, as did normal peripheral lymphocytes. We conclude that ADCC and NK activities in peripheral lymphocytes were normal in HD patients and, therefore, may not have a primary role in mediating thyrocyte destruction in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Myostatin Inhibition Enhances the Effects of Exercise on Performance and Metabolic Outcomes in Aged Mice (2009)

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of short-term exercise training, myostatin inhibition (PF-354), and exercise+PF-354, all relative to a vehicle control, on performance and metabolic measures in 24-month-old mice. At study termination, PF-354-treated mice exhibited significantly greater muscle weights. Performance measures revealed that exercise+PF-354 increased treadmill running time and distance to exhaustion (more than twofold) and increased habitual activity. Measures of strength were not different; however, all treatment groups demonstrated more than 30% reductions in muscle fatigue. Metabolic measures showed that basal metabolic rates were higher in PF-354- and exercise+PF-354-treated mice, and exercise and exercise+PF-354 groups exhibited significantly greater insulin sensitivity. PF-354 was associated with decreased Smad3 phosphorylation and increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha expression and, similar to exercise, decreased MuRF-1. The data suggest that the combination of exercise training and myostatin blockade may significantly improve physical function and whole-body metabolism in older individuals.
Acquired Resistance in Arabidopsis (1992)

Scott Uknes, Brigitte Mauch-Mani, Mary Moyer, Sharon Potter, Shericca Williams, Sandra Dincher, Danielle Chandler, Alan Slusarenko, Eric Ward, John Ryals, Acquired Resistance in Arabidopsis, The Plant Cell, Vol. 4, No. 6 (Jun., 1992), pp. 645-656