gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diode-laser-illuminated automotive lamp systems (1998)

We have utilized the high brightness of state-of-the-art diode laser sources, and a variety of emerging optical technologies to develop a new class of thin, uniquely styled automotive brake and signal lamps. Using optics based on thin (5 mm) plastic sheets, these lamps provide appearance and functional advantages not attainable with traditional automotive lighting systems. The light is coupled into the sheets using a 1 mm diameter glass fiber, and manipulated using refraction and reflection from edges, surfaces, and shaped cut-outs. Light can be extracted with an efficiency of approximately 50% and formed into a luminance distribution that meets the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) photometric requirements. Prototype lamps using these optics have been constructed and are less than one inch in thickness. Thin lamps reduce sheet metal costs, complexity, material usage, weight, and allow for increased trunk volume. In addition, these optics enhance lamp design flexibility. When the lamps are not energized, they can appear body colored, and when lighted, the brightness distribution across the lamp can be uniform or structured. A diode laser based brake lamp consumes seven times less electrical power than one using an incandescent source and has instant on capability. Also, diode lasers have the potential to be 10-year/150,000 mile light sources.
ECS Presentation_ Controlling CoFe Electrodeposited Film Properties for Improved Magnetostriction. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Do Natural T Regulatory Cells become Activated to Antigen Specific T Regulatory Cells in Transplantation and in Autoimmunity? (2013)

Antigen specific T regulatory cells (Treg) are often CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells, with a phenotype similar to natural Treg (nTreg). It is assumed that nTreg cannot develop into an antigen specific Treg as repeated culture with IL-2 and a specific antigen does not increase the capacity or potency of nTreg to promote immune tolerance or suppress in vitro. This has led to an assumption that antigen specific Treg mainly develop from CD4(+)CD25(-)FoxP3(-) T cells, by activation with antigen and TGF-β in the absence of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1β. Our studies on antigen specific CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells from animals with tolerance to an allograft, identified that the antigen specific and Treg are dividing, and need continuous stimulation with specific antigen T cell derived cytokines. We identified that a variety of cytokines, especially IL-5 and IFN-γ but not IL-2 or IL-4 promoted survival of antigen specific CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Treg. To examine if nTreg could be activated to antigen specific Treg, we activated nTreg in culture with either IL-2 or IL-4. Within 3 days, antigen specific Treg are activated and there is induction of new cytokine receptors on these cells. Specifically nTreg activated by IL-2 and antigen express the interferon-γ receptor (IFNGR) and IL-12p70 (IL-12Rβ2) receptor but not the IL-5 receptor (IL-5Rα). These cells were responsive to IFN-γ or IL-12p70. nTreg activated by IL-4 and alloantigen express IL-5Rα not IFNGR or IL-12p70Rβ2 and become responsive to IL-5. These early activated antigen specific Treg, were respectively named Ts1 and Ts2 cells, as they depend on Th1 or Th2 responses. Further culture of Ts1 cells with IL-12p70 induced Th1-like Treg, expressing IFN-γ, and T-bet as well as FoxP3. Our studies suggest that activation of nTreg with Th1 or Th2 responses induced separate lineages of antigen specific Treg, that are dependent on late Th1 and Th2 cytokines, not the early cytokines IL-2 and IL-4.
A 460-kb DNA Sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 Genome Corresponding to the 40.1-50.0 min Region on the Linkage Map (1996)

The 465,813 base pair sequence corresponding to the 40.1-50.0 min region on the genetic map of Escherichia coli K-12 (W3110) was determined. Analysis of the sequence revealed that this region contained at least 466 potential open reading frames, of which 187 (40%) were previously reported, 105 (23%) were homologous to other known genes, 103 (22%) were identical or similar to hypothetical genes registered in databases, and the remaining 71 (15%) did not show a significant similarity to any other gene. At the 45.2-46.0 min region, we found a very large cluster of about 30 genes, whose functions are involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides as the components of outer membranes. In addition, we identified a new asn-tRNA gene, designated asnW, between the asnT and asnU genes and a new lysogenic phage attachment site as the cis-element.
Saligenin Cyclic Phosphorus Esters as Biological Alkylating Agents and Fungicides (1968)

Saligenin Cyclic Phosphorus Esters as Biological Alkylating Agents and Fungicides Get access Morifura Eto, Morifura Eto Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideo Ohkawa, Hideo Ohkawa Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ken Kobayashi, Ken Kobayashi Institute of Agricultural Chemicals, Toa Noyaku Co. Ltd., Odawara 256 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Toshiharu Hosoi Toshiharu Hosoi Institute of Agricultural Chemicals, Toa Noyaku Co. Ltd., Odawara 256 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 32, Issue 8, 1 August 1968, Pages 1056–1058, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1968.10859186 Published: 01 August 1968 Article history Received: 24 June 1968 Published: 01 August 1968
The Dock-and-Lock Method Combines Recombinant Engineering with Site-Specific Covalent Conjugation To Generate Multifunctional Structures (2011)

Advances in recombinant protein technology have facilitated the production of increasingly complex fusion proteins with multivalent, multifunctional designs for use in various in vitro and in vivo applications. In addition, traditional chemical conjugation remains a primary choice for linking proteins with polyethylene glycol (PEG), biotin, fluorescent markers, drugs, and others. More recently, site-specific conjugation of two or more interactive modules has emerged as a valid approach to expand the existing repertoires produced by either recombinant engineering or chemical conjugation alone, thus advancing the range of potential applications. Five such methods, each involving a specific binding event, are highlighted in this review, with a particular focus on the Dock-and-Lock (DNL) method, which exploits the natural interaction between the dimerization and docking domain (DDD) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and the anchoring domain (AD) of A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAP). The various enablements of DNL to date include trivalent, tetravalent, pentavalent, and hexavalent antibodies of monospecificity or bispecificity; immnocytokines comprising multiple copies of interferon-alpha (IFNα); and site-specific PEGylation. These achievements attest to the power of the DNL platform technology to develop novel therapeutic and diagnostic agents from both proteins and nonproteins for unmet medical needs.
Immunochemistry and Lung Cancer: Application in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Therapy (2011)

Immunochemistry is now an established ancillary technique in lung cancer diagnosis. Not only does it help in supporting the morphological diagnosis of malignancy, but its role now extends to the determination of cell lineage, ascertaining the primary site of tumour origin and contributing to decisions on prognosis and treatment. Early detection and confirmation of lung cancer facilitate early treatment decisions. Lung cancer management now has a multidisciplinary approach which includes cytopathologists and clinicians. Some clinicians may not understand what immunochemistry is and what its role is in lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. The purpose of this paper is to define immunochemistry, on the background of basic respiratory airway epithelial structure and cancer biology, and discuss its application in the diagnosis, treatment and determination of prognosis of lung cancer.
Highly efficient gluten degradation with a newly identified prolyl endoprotease: implications for celiac disease (2006)

Celiac disease is a T cell-driven intolerance to wheat gluten. The gluten-derived T cell epitopes are proline-rich and thereby highly resistant to proteolytic degradation within the gastrointestinal tract. Oral supplementation with prolyl oligopeptidases has therefore been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach. The enzymes studied, however, have limitations as they are irreversibly inactivated by pepsin and acidic pH, both present in the stomach. As a consequence, these enzymes will fail to degrade gluten before it reaches the small intestine, the site where gluten induces inflammatory T cell responses that lead to celiac disease. We have now determined the usefulness of a newly identified prolyl endoprotease from Aspergillus niger for this purpose. Gluten and its peptic/tryptic digest were treated with prolyl endoprotease, and the destruction of the T cell epitopes was tested using mass spectrometry, T cell proliferation assays, ELISA, reverse-phase HPLC, SDS-PAGE, and Western blotting. We observed that the A. niger prolyl endoprotease works optimally at 4-5 pH, remains stable at 2 pH, and is completely resistant to digestion with pepsin. Moreover, the A. niger-derived enzyme efficiently degraded all tested T cell stimulatory peptides as well as intact gluten molecules. On average, the endoprotease from A. niger degraded gluten peptides 60 times faster than a prolyl oligopeptidase. Together these results indicate that the enzyme from A. niger efficiently degrades gluten proteins. Future studies are required to determine if the prolyl endoprotease can be used as an oral supplement to reduce gluten intake in patients.
Decoherence-induced geometric phase in a multilevel atomic system (2007)

We consider the STIRAP process in a three-level atom. Viewed as a closed system, no geometric phase is acquired. But in the presence of spontaneous emission and/or collisional relaxation we show numerically that a non-vanishing, purely real, geometric phase is acquired during STIRAP, whose magnitude grows with the decay rates. Rather than viewing this decoherence-induced geometric phase as a nuisance, it can be considered an example of "beneficial decoherence": the environment provides a mechanism for the generation of geometric phases which would otherwise require an extra experimental control knob.
Development of a compact gas imaging sensor employing a cw fiber-amp-pumped PPLN OPO (2001)

Summary form only given. Backscatter absorption gas imaging (BAGI) is a laser technique for real-time video visualization of gas plumes. A scene is illuminated with IR laser radiation as it is imaged by an IR camera. Gases absorbing at the laser wavelength become visible as they attenuate the laser backscatter. We describe the development of a BAGI instrument that is sufficiently portable for use by a walking operator. A compact and electrically efficient format was achieved by developing a miniature PPLN OPO pumped by a fiber amplifier. This effort extends earlier work in which a Nd:YAG-pumped OPO was used in a vehicle-borne imager.
Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Self-Assembly in Dispersions of Silver Nanowires and Nanoparticles (2010)

We report demixed nematic lyotropic liquid crystalline phase formation in dispersions of silver nanowires and spherical nanoparticle aggregates in ethylene glycol and water. This phase is observed in samples in spite of the high density, large aspect ratio, and long relaxation times of the nanowires which have an average length of 6.8 microm. Remarkably, in the biphasic region, the nanowire-rich liquid crystalline phase exhibits a strandlike morphology which has only previously been reported for single-walled carbon nanotube liquid crystals. Shearing predominantly liquid crystalline dispersions results in both significant nanowire alignment and nanowire-aggregate demixing. The results of this research suggest that the nanoparticle contaminants common to many synthesis schemes facilitate liquid crystalline phase formation and that these dispersions can be processed into aligned coatings.
Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 as a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma multiforme and other cancers (2014)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. Despite advances in medical management, the survival rate of GBM patients remains poor, suggesting that identification of GBM-specific targets for therapeutic development is urgently needed. Analysis of several glycan antigens on GBM cell lines revealed that eight of 11 GBM cell lines are positive for stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4), and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that 38/55 (69%) of human GBM specimens, but not normal brain tissue, were SSEA-4(+) and correlated with high-grade astrocytoma. In addition, an SSEA-4-specific mAb was found to induce complement-dependent cytotoxicity against SSEA-4(hi) GBM cell lines in vitro and suppressed GBM tumor growth in mice. Because SSEA-4 is expressed on GBM and many other types of cancers, but not on normal cells, it could be a target for development of therapeutic antibodies and vaccines.
Management of acute asthma in the pediatric patient: an evidence-based review. (2013)

Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood, with asthma exacerbations and wheezing resulting in more than 2 million emergency department visits per year. Symptoms can vary from mild shortness of breath to fatal status asthmaticus. Given the high prevalence of asthma and its potential to progress from mild to moderate to life-threatening, it is vital for emergency clinicians to have a thorough understanding of acute asthma management. Current evidence clearly supports the use of inhaled bronchodilators and systemic steroids as first-line agents. However, in those who fail to respond to nitial therapies, a variety of adjunct therapies and interventions are available with varying degrees of evidence to support their use. This review focuses specifically on evaluation and treatment of pediatric asthma in the emergency department and reviews the current evidence for various modes of treatment.
Development of villus absorptive cells in the human fetal small intestine: A morphological and morphometric study (1979)

Abstract We describe the sequential ultrastructural changes in villus absorptive cells of human fetal small intestine between 9 and 22 weeks of gestation. In concert with villus formation at 9 to 10 weeks, a complex membranous system designated the apical tubular system appeared in the apical cytoplasm of absorptive cells. The apical tubular system consisted of deep invaginations of plasma membrane and membrane‐bounded vesicles and tubules. Some elements of this system were characterized by linear arrays of particles on the inner (luminal) membrane leaflet. After villus formation, many lysosomal elements designated “meconium corpuscles” also appeared in the apical cytoplasm. Modified morphometric studies suggested that both the apical tubular system and the lysosomal elements were more extensively developed in the distal than in the proximal intestine, were most abundant at 15 to 17 weeks, and decreased by 18 to 22 weeks. Morphometry also showed an inverse relationship between the relative surface density of the apical tubular system and microvillus membrane, suggesting the possible derivation of elements of the former from the apical plasma membrane. Exposure of intestine to ferritin for 8 to 40 minutes in vitro revealed ferritin in elements of the apical tubular system of 12– to 20‐week fetuses. There was no evidence of transport of ferritin across absorptive cells. Distinctive membranous bodies composed of convoluted membrane‐bound cisternae separated by narrow channels of cytoplasmic matrix were seen in the Golgi region and apical cytoplasm of fetal absorptive cells between 14 and 22 weeks. In a single 22‐week fetus, there was marked proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, a decrease in cytoplasmic glycogen and loss of most lysosomal and apical tubular elements in the proximal but not the distal intestine. Thus, by the end of the second trimester, the structure of absorptive cells in proximal intestine was remarkably similar to absorptive cells in adult intestine.
Cold agglutinin disease (2013)

Cold agglutinin disease is a rare and poorly understood disorder affecting 15% of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. We reviewed the clinical and pathologic features, prognosis, and management in the literature and describe our institutional experience to improve strategies for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Retrospective analysis identified 89 patients from our institution with cold agglutinin disease from 1970 through 2012. Median age at symptom onset was 65 years (range, 41 to 83 years), whereas the median age at diagnosis was 72 years (range, 43 to 91 years). Median survival of all patients was 10.6 years, and 68 patients (76%) were alive 5 years after the diagnosis. The most common symptom was acrocyanosis (n = 39 [44%]), and many had symptoms triggered by cold (n = 35 [39%]) or other factors (n = 20 [22%]). An underlying hematologic disorder was detected in 69 patients (78%). Thirty-six patients (40%) received transfusions during their disease course, and 82% received drug therapy. Rituximab was associated with the longest response duration (median, 24 months) and the lowest proportion of patients needing further treatment (55%). Our institution's experience and review of the literature confirms that early diagnostic evaluation and treatment improves outcomes in cold agglutinin disease.
Fabrication of Phospholipid Bilayer-Coated Microchannels for On-Chip Immunoassays (2000)

Herein we describe a new class of microfluidic immunoassays based upon solid supported lipid bilayers. Two-dimensionally fluid bilayer material, which can accommodate multivalent binding between surface-bound ligands and aqueous receptors, was coated on the surface of poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchannels. The bilayers contained dinitrophenyl (DNP)-conjugated lipids for binding with bivalent anti-DNP antibodies. Twelve independent data points of surface coverage versus bulk protein concentration could be made simultaneously by forming a linear array of channels and flowing fluorescently labeled antibodies into them. This enabled an entire binding curve to be obtained in a single experiment. The measured apparent binding constant for the DNP/anti-DNP system was 1.8 microM. The methodology for performing heterogeneous assays developed here not only produces rapid results but also requires much less protein than traditional procedures and eliminates some standard sources of experimental error.
Efficacy of fluoxetine in Austrian patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. (1999)

In an 8-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial we studied the efficacy of fluoxetine (FLX) in 53 Austrian patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) diagnosed according to DSM-III-R. The dosage of FLX was fixed at either 20, 40, or 60 mg per day. Response was prospectively defined as an at least 25% reduction on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and an improvement on Clinical Global Impression (CGI) rating to at least "much improved" at the endpoint. Patients treated with at least 40 mg FLX per day showed significantly higher response rates than did those receiving either placebo or FLX 20 mg/day. Compulsions were more reduced than obsessions and we also observed a strong placebo effect which is largely attributable to an improvement in the Y-BOCS compulsion subscore.
<title>Low bit rate near-transparent image coding</title> (1995)

In this paper, we describe an improved version of our previous approach for low bit rate near- perceptually transparent image compression. The method exploits both frequency and spatial domain visual masking effects and uses a combination of Fourier and wavelet representations to encode different bands. The frequency domain masking model is based on the psychophysical masking experimental data of sinusoidal patterns while the spatial domain masking is computed with a modified version of Girod's model. A discrete cosine transform is used in conjunction with frequency domain masking to encode the low frequency subimages. The medium and high frequency subimages are encoded in the wavelet domain with spatial domain masking. The main improvement over our previous technique is that a better model is used to calculate the tolerable error level for the subimages in the wavelet domain, and a boundary control is used to prevent or reduce the ringing noise in the decoded image. This greatly improves the decoded image quality for the same coding bit rates. Experiments show the approach can achieve very high quality to nearly transparent compression at bit rates of 0.2 to 0.4 bits/pixel for the image Lena.
The Combination of Apoptotic U937 Cells and Lupus IgG Is a Potent IFN-α Inducer (2000)

Patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have signs of an ongoing IFN-alpha production, that may be of pathogenic significance in the disease. We previously showed that SLE patients have an IFN-alpha-inducing factor in blood, probably consisting of complexes containing anti-DNA Abs and immunostimulatory DNA. The DNA component could be derived from apoptotic cells, because SLE patients have been reported to have both increased apoptosis and reduced clearance of apoptotic cell material. In the present study, we therefore investigated whether apoptotic cells, together with IgG from SLE patients, could act as an IFN-alpha inducer in normal PBMC in vitro. We found that apoptotic cells of the myeloid leukemia cell line U937 as well as four other cell lines (MonoMac6, H9, Jurkat, U266) could induce IFN-alpha production in PBMC when combined with IgG from SLE patients. The IFN-alpha production by PBMC was much enhanced when PBMC were costimulated by IFN-alpha2b. The ability of IgG from different SLE patients to promote IFN-alpha induction by apoptotic U937 cells was associated with the presence of anti-ribonucleoprotein Abs, but not clearly with occurrence of anti-DNA Abs. These results suggest that apoptotic cells in the presence of autoantibodies can cause production of a clearly immunostimulatory cytokine, which is IFN-alpha. This mechanism for induction of IFN-alpha production could well be operative also in vivo, explain the IFN-alpha production seen in SLE patients, and be important in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Kinetics of cytokine expression during healing of acute colitis in mice (1996)

The mechanisms of wound healing in the gut are poorly understood but are mediated by cytokines in other tissues. In this study we wanted to determine which cytokines were expressed after nonspecific colonic injury, the kinetics of that expression, and how cytokine expression correlated with tissue histology. At 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after intrarectal administration of 3% acetic acid to C3H/HeJ mice, their colons were removed for histology, organ culture, and RNA extraction. Cytokine mRNA expression for various cytokines was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for each cytokine. Cytokine production in organ cultures was measured with bioassays. Shortly after colonic injury and during colonic regeneration, proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were expressed. In contrast, expression of T cell-derived cytokines was not detected at any time point. Cytokines such as IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and MIP-1 are important mediators of tissue repair and restitution after nonspecific colonic injury and may subserve a similar role in human colitis.