gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
v-Ha-ras transgene abrogates the initiation step in mouse skin tumorigenesis: effects of phorbol esters and retinoic acid. (1990)

Experimental carcinogenesis has led to a concept that defines two discrete stages in the development of skin tumors: (i) initiation, which is accomplished by using a mutagen that presumably activates a protooncogene, and (ii) promotion, which is a reversible process brought about most commonly by repeated application of phorbol esters. We have created a transgenic mouse strain that carries the activated v-Ha-ras oncogene fused to the promoter of the mouse embryonic alpha-like, zeta-globin gene. Unexpectedly, these animals developed papillomas at areas of epidermal abrasion and, because abrasion can also serve as a tumor-promoting event in mutagen-treated mouse skin, we tested these mice for their ability to respond to phorbol ester application. Within 6 weeks virtually all treated carrier mice had developed multiple papillomas, some of which went on to develop squamous cell carcinomas and, more frequently, underlying sarcomas. We conclude that the oncogene "preinitiates" carrier mice, replacing the initiation/mutagenesis step and immediately sensitizing them to the action of tumor promoters. In addition, treatment of the mice with retinoic acid dramatically delays, reduces, and often completely inhibits the appearance of promoter-induced papillomas. This strain has use in screening tumor promoters and for assessing antitumor and antiproliferative agents.
Familial Periodic Ataxia (1979)

Two members of a family suffer from recurrent attacks of either vertigo or cerebellar incoordination. The occurrence of these two distinct types of attack in the same patient may reconcile the disparate features of previously reported cases of familial periodic ataxia. The finding of downbeating nystagmus suggests a medullary disturbance. As in a previously reported family, the attacks were relieved by acetazolamide.
Conotoxins Targeting Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: An Overview (2014)

Marine snails of the genus Conus are a large family of predatory gastropods with an unparalleled molecular diversity of pharmacologically active compounds in their venom. Cone snail venom comprises of a rich and diverse cocktail of peptide toxins which act on a wide variety of ion channels such as voltage-gated sodium- (NaV), potassium- (KV), and calcium- (CaV) channels as well as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) which are classified as ligand-gated ion channels. The mode of action of several conotoxins has been the subject of investigation, while for many others this remains unknown. This review aims to give an overview of the knowledge we have today on the molecular pharmacology of conotoxins specifically interacting with nAChRs along with the structure-function relationship data.
Dynamics of Interaction of Magnesium Atoms on Methoxy-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers:  An Example of a Reactive Metal with a Low Sticking Probability (2006)

The collision of low-flux vapor-generated Mg atoms with a methoxy-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) at room temperature results primarily in nonreactive scattering from the surface. Those atoms that adsorb undergo reaction via O−C bond insertion to form Mg−O−R products, with an estimated activation energy of 38 ± 9 kJ mol-1. These products, in turn, provide nucleation sites for the subsequent formation of Mg clusters. As growth continues, a nonuniform Mg overlayer eventually forms. These behaviors contrast with that of vapor-deposited Al (which shows a high sticking probability and low chemical reactivity under the same experimental conditions). This behavior is consistent with quantum chemical predictions of differences in the ability of the −OCH3 group to stabilize these metal atoms. Overall, these results highlight the importance of dynamic processes in controlling the interfacial chemistry and metal overlayer morphology in vapor-deposited films on organic surfaces.
Effective mixing of laminar flows at a density interface by an integrated ultrasonic transducer (2008)

An acoustic mixer for glass channel microfluidic systems is presented. An acoustic standing wave, perpendicular to the fluid flow, is generated by the excitation of a miniaturized piezoelectric transducer operated around 10 MHz. The mixing occurs at a fluid-fluid density interface due to the acoustic radiation force; an analytical expression is derived to qualitatively describe this phenomenon. Only a density difference in the range of 2-5 % is required to achieve effective peak broadening of a fluorescent sample between sheath flows.
CD137 Is Expressed in Human Atherosclerosis and Promotes Development of Plaque Inflammation in Hypercholesterolemic Mice (2008)

Taken together, these observations suggest that CD137-CD137L interactions in the vasculature may contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis via augmented leukocyte recruitment, increased inflammation, and development of a more disease-prone phenotype.
Comprehensive biocompatibility testing of a new PMMA-HA bone cement versus conventional PMMA cement in vitro (2003)

For more than 50 years PMMA bone cements have been used in orthopaedic surgery. In this study attempts were made to show whether cultured human bone marrow cells (HBMC) show an osteogenetic response resulting in new bone formation, production of extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell differentiation when they were cultured onto polymerized polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-hydroxyapatite (HA), conventional PMMA bone cement being taken as reference. Biocompatibility parameters were collagen-I and -II synthesis, the detection of the osteoblast markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin, the number of adherent cells and the cytodifferentiation of immunocompetent cells. Cement surface structure, HA stability in culture medium and chemical element analysis of specimens were considered. Fresh marrow cells were obtained from the human femora during hip replacement. Incubation time was up to ten weeks. We used atomic forced microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for cement specimen analysis. Fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS), immunohistochemical staining. SEM and light microscopy (LM) served us to judge the cellular morphology. Products of the extracellular matrix were analyzed by protein dot blot analysis, SEM energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and Ca2+/PO(4)3- detection. HA particles increased the osteogenetic potential of PMMA bone cement regarding the cellular production of collagen, alkaline phosphatase (AP), the number of osteoblasts and the cellular differentiation pattern in vitro. Both tested cements showed good biocompatibility in a human long-term bone marrow cell-culture system.
Erks: their fifteen minutes has arrived. (1992)

In conclusion, a multigene family (ERK) encoding protein kinases that have the capacity to convert tyrosine kinase signals to serine/threonine phosphorylation signals has been identified in animal and yeast cells. Protein kinases from this family have been shown to be phosphorylated on tyrosine and threonine in response to mitogens, as well as to have the capacity to autophosphorylate on these amino acid residues. In contrast, they apparently phosphorylate exogenous substrates on serine and/or threonine. Studies with cultured cells, Xenopus, and sea star oocytes have furthered our understanding of possible functions of Erks in vivo. These enzymes respond immediately to extracellular signals and are involved in G0-G1 transition (cultured cells), as well as in the M phase of oocyte maturation (Xenopus and sea star oocytes). Their usage of MAPs as substrates in vivo suggests a possible role of Erks in microtubule reorganization. ERK-encoded protein kinases use c-Jun, EGF receptor, and Raf-1 as potential substrates and can also reactivate dephosphorylated S6 kinase in vitro. Taken together, these data suggest that these enzymes play an important role in relaying the mitogenic signal by phosphorylating down-stream kinases and specific transcriptional factors, as well as having possible feedback function in the process of signal transduction. The results from the study of the yeast enzymes are pertinent to Erk activation in cells with nonmitogenic responses described above. In such cases, Erk protein kinases may act directly or indirectly on cyclins to arrest division and permit differentiation. The pathways influenced by ERK-like gene products in animal and yeast cells suggest that, depending on the downstream targets of substrates, transcriptional changes in a particular cell may occur to drive the cell cycle or, alternatively, withdrawal from the cell cycle may lead to specific differentiation events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dual-In/Out strategy for genes integration into bacterial chromosome: a novel approach to step-by-step construction of plasmid-less marker-less recombinant E. coli strains with predesigned genome structure (2008)

The developed Dual-In/Out strategy is a rather straightforward, but convenient combination of previously developed recombination methods: phages site-specific and general Red/ET-mediated. This new approach allows us to detail the design of future recombinant marker-less strains, carrying, in particular, rather large artificial insertions that could be difficult to introduce by usually used PCR-based Recombineering procedure. The developed strategy is simple and could be particularly useful for construction of strains for the biotechnological industry.
1200-V Normally Off GaN-on-Si Field-Effect Transistors With Low Dynamic on -Resistance (2011)

This letter reports high-voltage GaN field-effect transistors fabricated on Si substrates. A halide-based plasma treatment was performed to enable normally off operation. Atomic layer deposition of Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> gate insulator was adopted to reduce the gate leakage current. Incorporation of multiple field plates, with one field plate connected to the gate electrode and two field plates connected to the source electrode successfully enabled a high breakdown voltage of 1200 V and low dynamic on-resistance at high-voltage operation.
Directed mutagenesis : a practical approach (1991)

Mutagenesis facilitated by the removal or introduction of unique restriction sites, Paul Carter efficient site-directed in vitro mutagenesis using uracil-containing DNA and phagemid vectors, P.D.Yuckenberg, F.Witney, J.Geisselsoder and J.McClary phosphorothioate-based site-directed mutagenesis for single-stranded vectors, J.Sayers and F.Eckstein site-specific mutagenesis using double-stranded plasmid DNA, S.Inouye and M.Inouye phosphorothioate-based double-stranded plasmid mutagenesis, D.M.Olsen and F.Eckstein linker scanning mutagenesis, B.Luckow and G.Shutz random chemical mutagenesis and the non-selective isolation of mutated DNA sequences in vitro, C.Walton, R.K.Booth and P.G.Stockley an enzymatic method for the complete mutagenesis of genes, J.K.C.Knowles and P.Lehtovaara spiked oligonucleotide mutagenesis, S.C.Blacklow and J.R.Knowles cassette mutagenesis, J.H.Richards recombination and mutagenesis of DNA sequences using PCR, R.M.Horton and L.R.Pease.
The Prediction of User Topic Interest Based on Tags and Interaction of Users (2016)

With the rapid development of the Internet, more and more people use social networks to share information and express their views, which lead to a vigorous growth of information. How to select useful and interesting information for users, that is user topic interest, gets more and more attention. Tag functionality in microblog can get user topic interests easily and achieve information recommendation effectively. To deal with the situation that there are few or no tags for most users in microblog, a user topic interest prediction method based on the tag content and interactive relations of users is proposed. The method utilizes Wikipedia to extend the tags and produce a preliminary estimate of the tags' importance. What's more, interactive relations and propagation analysis of different tags are studied. An extensive empirical study using real Sina Microblog data clearly demonstrates that our method has a better performance in user topic interest prediction.
Diagnosis and treatment of dementia: 1. Risk assessment and primary prevention of Alzheimer disease (2008)

Despite the personal and societal burden of dementia, our understanding of genetic predisposition to dementias and the contribution of other risk factors remains limited. More importantly, there are few data to explain the overall risks and benefits of prevention strategies or their impact of risk modification.
Detection and Preliminary Analysis of Motifs in Promoters of Anaerobically Induced Genes of Different Plant Species (2005)

It is believed that the promoter motifs identified could be functional by conferring anaerobic sensitivity to the genes that possess them. This proposal now requires experimental verification.
Interactive volume on standard PC graphics hardware using multi-textures and multi-stage rasterization (2000)

Interactive direct volume rendering has yet been restricted to high-end graphics workstations and special-purpose hardware, due to the large amount of trilinear interpolations, that are necessary to obtain high image quality. Implementations that use the 2D-texture capabilities of standard PC hardware, usually render object-aligned slices in order to substitute trilinear by bilinear interpolation. However the resulting images often contain visual artifacts caused by the lack of spatial interpolation. In this paper we propose new rendering techniques that significantly improve both performance and image quality of the 2D-texture based approach. We will show how in ulti-texturing capabilitiesof modern consumer PC graphboards are exploited to enable in teractive high quality volume visualization on low-cost hardware. Furthermore we demonstrate how multi-stage rasterization hardware can be used to efficiently render shaded isosurfaces and to compute diffuse illumination for semi-transparent volume rendering at interactive frame rates.
Effect of interferon-α on redirected T-cell killing of pancreatic and gastric cancers. (2014)

3056 Background: Trop-2 is highly expressed in diverse epithelial cancers with limited presence on normal tissues. (E1)-3s is a T-cell redirecting trivalent bsAb, which comprises an anti-CD3 scFv covalently linked to a stabilized dimer of a Trop-2-targeting Fab (Rossi et al., mAbs, 2014; 6(2), in press). IFNα has demonstrated clinical efficacy in multiple solid cancers, and is approved for melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma and various hematologic cancers. We studied the effects of IFNα on (E1)-3s-mediated T-cell killing of gastric and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Methods: DOCK-AND-LOCK was used to link an anti-CD3 scFv to a stabilized Fab dimer of the humanized anti-Trop-2 mAb, hRS7. T-cell activation, cytokine induction and cytotoxicity were evaluated ex vivo using PBMCs or purified T cells with NCI-N87 gastric cancer as target cells. In vivo activity was assayed with NCI-N87 and Capan-1 (pancreatic) xenografts. Results: In presence of target cells and PBMCs, (E1)-3s did not cause excess cytokine production. When combined with (E1)-3s, peginterferonalfa-2a, which alone did not increase T-cell activation or raise cytokine levels over baseline, enhanced T-cell activation, but did not significantly increase cytokine induction. In vitro, (E1)-3s mediated a highly potent (IC50=0.37 pM) T-cell lysis of NCI-N87 target cells. Inclusion of peginterferonalfa-2a potentiated the activity of (E1)-3s, improving the IC50 (0.14 pM) by more than 2.5-fold (P=.0001). A more potent form of IFNα, 20*-2b, enhanced the potency of (E1)-3s by more than 7-fold (IC50=0.05 pM; P<.0001). In vivo, combining peginterferonalfa-2a with (E1)-3s delayed Capan-1 tumor out-growth longer than each single agent (P<0.0007, log-rank), with all animals cured in the combination group (MST>57 d), versus 18% and 14% in the (E1)-3s (MST=50 d) and peginterferonalfa-2a (MST=53 d) groups, respectively. Combination therapy delayed tumor out-growth of NCI-N87 compared to (E1)-3s or peginterferonalfa-2a single-treatment groups (MST>66 vs. 49 or 35 days, respectively; P<0.0094). Conclusions: T-cell-mediated killing of Trop-2-expressing pancreatic and gastric cancer was effectively induced by (E1)-3s and enhanced significantly with IFNα.
Measurement of subpicosecond time intervals between two photons by interference (1987)

A fourth-order interference technique has been used to measure the time intervals between two photons, and by implication the length of the photon wave packet, produced in the process of parametric down-conversion. The width of the time-interval distribution, which is largely determined by an interference filter, is found to be about 100 fs, with an accuracy that could, in principle, be less than 1 fs.
<title>Discriminant analysis in aerial images using fractal-based features</title> (1993)

This paper presents a processing technique for computer assisted discriminant analysis in remote sensing applications. Local features extracted using Richardson's power law are investigated for their discriminatory power and a nonparametric classification scheme based on probability density function estimation is suggested. The capability to adjust false alarm rates and perform on-line learning is provided by this probabilistic approach. Case studies indicating the ability to discriminate between classes of objects in aerial images are presented. The technique can be used as a preprocessing aid in segmentation or in conjunction with morphological features in a more complete discrimination system.
Recurrent deep venous thrombosis: limitations of US. (1989)

Compression ultrasound (US) has become widely used to diagnose acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT). To determine the appearance of veins with previous DVT, 60 legs (58 patients) in which DVT had been diagnosed 6-31 months earlier (mean, 15.1 months) were reexamined with compression US. At reevaluation there was no indication of acute DVT. Thirty-two extremities had an appearance consistent with clot at the time of this study; 28 demonstrated normal findings. Variables that correlated with findings at follow-up US included age, location of clot, number of previous clots, pain, and augmentation of flow at compression. These preliminary data indicate that compression US may not be reliable as a follow-up study in patients in whom postphlebotic syndrome develops after an acute episode of DVT.
Does Progesterone Treatment Influence Risk Factors for Recurrent Preterm Delivery? (2005)

I.
Perforated monolayers (1994)

The synthesis of polymeric membranes that exhibit high permeation selectivity and high flux is a major challenge that has important technological implications. The concept of perforated monolayers (i.e., two‐dimensional arrays of porous surfactants) has been introduced in an attempt to rationally design such materials. The presented results indicate that these ultrathin materials have potential as novel membranes for separation.
The activity status of cofilin is directly related to invasion, intravasation, and metastasis of mammary tumors (2006)

Understanding the mechanisms controlling cancer cell invasion and metastasis constitutes a fundamental step in setting new strategies for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of metastatic cancers. LIM kinase1 (LIMK1) is a member of a novel class of serine-threonine protein kinases. Cofilin, a LIMK1 substrate, is essential for the regulation of actin polymerization and depolymerization during cell migration. Previous studies have made opposite conclusions as to the role of LIMK1 in tumor cell motility and metastasis, claiming either an increase or decrease in cell motility and metastasis as a result of LIMK1 over expression (Zebda, N., O. Bernard, M. Bailly, S. Welti, D.S. Lawrence, and J.S. Condeelis. 2000. J. Cell Biol. 151:1119-1128; Davila, M., A.R. Frost, W.E. Grizzle, and R. Chakrabarti. 2003. J. Biol. Chem. 278:36868-36875; Yoshioka, K., V. Foletta, O. Bernard, and K. Itoh. 2003. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100:7247-7252; Nishita, M., C. Tomizawa, M. Yamamoto, Y. Horita, K. Ohashi, and K. Mizuno. 2005. J. Cell Biol. 171:349-359). We resolve this paradox by showing that the effects of LIMK1 expression on migration, intravasation, and metastasis of cancer cells can be most simply explained by its regulation of the output of the cofilin pathway. LIMK1-mediated decreases or increases in the activity of the cofilin pathway are shown to cause proportional decreases or increases in motility, intravasation, and metastasis of tumor cells.
Attenuated Total Internal Reflection Infrared Mapping Microspectroscopy Using an Imaging Microscope (2001)

Attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) infrared mapping microspectroscopy using an infrared microscope and a focal plane array is investigated and reported. The study demonstrates the advantages of conducting ATR microspectroscopy using a focal plane array detector. These benefits include the rapid acquisition of molecular specific images, ease of sample preparation, and increased spatial resolution. An experimental determination of the spatial resolution found that the combined system operates very close to the diffraction limit, and a 4 magnification factor associated with the germanium internal reflection element was realized. Experiments conducted on several polymer samples and a biological sample demonstrate the future viability of the method.
Windows Azure Storage (2011)

Windows Azure Storage (WAS) is a cloud storage system that provides customers the ability to store seemingly limitless amounts of data for any duration of time. WAS customers have access to their data from anywhere at any time and only pay for what they use and store. In WAS, data is stored durably using both local and geographic replication to facilitate disaster recovery. Currently, WAS storage comes in the form of Blobs (files), Tables (structured storage), and Queues (message delivery). In this paper, we describe the WAS architecture, global namespace, and data model, as well as its resource provisioning, load balancing, and replication systems.
Efficient moving object segmentation algorithm using background registration technique (2002)

An efficient moving object segmentation algorithm suitable for real-time content-based multimedia communication systems is proposed in this paper. First, a background registration technique is used to construct a reliable background image from the accumulated frame difference information. The moving object region is then separated from the background region by comparing the current frame with the constructed background image. Finally, a post-processing step is applied on the obtained object mask to remove noise regions and to smooth the object boundary. In situations where object shadows appear in the background region, a pre-processing gradient filter is applied on the input image to reduce the shadow effect. In order to meet the real-time requirement, no computationally intensive operation is included in this method. Moreover, the implementation is optimized using parallel processing and a processing speed of 25 QCIF fps can be achieved on a personal computer with a 450-MHz Pentium III processor. Good segmentation performance is demonstrated by the simulation results.
Differing association of macrophage subsets with atherosclerotic plaque stability. (2013)

Our findings demonstrate that while macrophage levels in general negatively correlate with plaque cap thickness, levels of M2 macrophages do not. This may be in part due to their ability to produce collagen (ie adopt a fibrocyte phenotype) in the plaque.