gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graft-versus-Host Disease (1991)

DURING the 1980s the number of allogeneic bone marrow transplantations performed worldwide increased exponentially. In 1990 more than 4000 allogeneic transplantations were estimated to have been completed. This dramatic increase has been stimulated by the demonstration that bone marrow transplantation is an important therapeutic option for many patients with leukemia or lymphoma. In addition, the establishment of international marrow-donor registries has made HLA phenotypically matched marrow from unrelated donors available to patients who lack a suitable related donor. These developments have focused attention on the immunologic aspects of allogeneic transplantation and its chief complication, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).Definition and Cause . . .
Type I receptor serine-threonine kinase preferentially expressed in pulmonary blood vessels (1996)

Type II and type I receptor serine-threonine kinases (RSTK) are important components of the transmembrane signaling machinery that allow cells to respond to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of cytokines. We have cloned from rat lung and report here a 3,935-base pair (bp) cDNA encoding a type I RSTK previously identified as R-3 (rat) or ALK-1 (human). Northern blot analysis reveals that the R-3 mRNA is more abundant in lung than in other adult rat tissues. With the use of in situ hybridization, the R-3 transcripts are found exclusively in the pulmonary vessels of all sizes, as well as in aorta, vena cava, and certain blood vessels of kidney, spleen, heart and intestine. In most blood vessels, a higher level of gene expression is found in endothelium than in adjacent smooth muscle. The R-3 transcripts are also found in splenic macrophages, as well as within cells of marginal zone of the splenic lymphoid tissue. In fetal rat lung, the expression of R-3 transcripts differs from the expression patterns of two other type 1 RSTK. The R-3 is expressed in vessels; the activin type IB receptor (R-2) is preferentially expressed in putative developing airways, whereas the TGF-beta type I receptor (R-4) transcripts appear to be ubiquitous. Our data suggest that in vivo R-3 may propagate signaling of TGF-beta in selected cell types. The differential expression of multiple type I receptors within different cell lineages may therefore define cell specific responses to TGF-beta.
Efficacy of a dual chamber defibrillator with atrial antitachycardia functions in treating spontaneous atrial tachyarrhythmias in patients with life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias (2002)

Atrial fibrillation has a high incidence in patients wearing an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for ventricular tachyarrhythmias and may lead to palpitations, heart failure, angina, stroke and inappropriate defibrillator discharge. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a dual chamber defibrillator with atrial antitachycardia functions in treating spontaneous atrial tachyarrhythmias.One hundred and twelve patients, 88 male, mean age 64+/-11 years, were enrolled. Seventy-six had ischaemic heart disease, 21 idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, nine other heart diseases, six no structural heart disease. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 40+/-11%. Sixty-two had prior atrial tachyarrhythmias.Follow-up lasted 11+/-9 months (range 1-42). Among 933 ventricular tachyarrhythmia episodes, 100% of ventricular fibrillation and 92% of ventricular tachycardia were successfully cardioverted. Among 414 detected sustained atrial tachyarrhythmias, 195 were classified as atrial tachycardia (47.1%), 192 as atrial fibrillation (46.4%) and 27 (6.5%) as sinus rhythm. The detection-positive predictive value was 93.5%. Therapy success rates: antitachy pacing on atrial tachycardia = 71.3% (crude estimate); 66.1% (adjusted estimate); 50 Hertz on atrial fibrillation=36.2% (crude estimate); 13.5% (adjusted estimate); atrial shock on atrial fibrillation = 62.5% (mean energy 7.8+/-14.1J). Shock efficacy was 32% when delivered energy was < or = 2 atrial defibrillation threshold at implant and 92% when >2. Duration of successfully treated atrial episodes was significantly lower than that of unsuccessfully treated (6+/-26 min vs 42+/-60).Atrial antitachy pacing and shock therapies demonstrated very high efficacy in treating atrial tachyarrhythmias in defibrillator patients.
RIBOSOMES AND TRANSLATION (1997)

The ribosome is a large multifunctional complex composed of both RNA and proteins. Biophysical methods are yielding low-resolution structures of the overall architecture of ribosomes, and high-resolution structures of individual proteins and segments of rRNA. Accumulating evidence suggests that the ribosomal RNAs play central roles in the critical ribosomal functions of tRNA selection and binding, translocation, and peptidyl transferase. Biochemical and genetic approaches have identified specific functional interactions involving conserved nucleotides in 16S and 23S rRNA. The results obtained by these quite different approaches have begun to converge and promise to yield an unprecedented view of the mechanism of translation in the coming years.
Immunological response to cytomegalovirus in congenitally infected neonates (2007)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection worldwide and occurs as a result of transplacental transmission of the virus. The human neonate is highly susceptible to infection due to a combination of immaturity of the immune system and antigenic inexperience. This study uses the in vivo model of congenital CMV to examine both the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in vertically infected neonates and their mothers. Ten pairs of matched neonates and their mothers were evaluated for specific IgM responses to three immunodominant CMV antigens: pp38 (pUL80a), pp52 (pUL44) and pp150 (pUL32). In contrast to conventional enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing for CMV-specific IgM, which found five of the mothers and four of the neonates to be positive, Western immunoblotting showed all 10 adults and nine newborns to be positive. Eight mothers and nine newborns had serological evidence of primary infection. All neonates showed a response to pp38, an assembly protein, nine responded to the pp52 immediate early antigen but only four had reactivity to the pp150 tegument associated protein. Of the mothers, eight had pp38 reactivity, 10 showed a response to the pp52 antigen and seven to the pp150 antigen. T cell-mediated immunity was assessed by measuring cytokines using a multiplex microarray assay. Levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma were high in both groups [mean +/- standard error of the mean (s.e.m.): neonates = 657 +/- 238 pg/ml, mothers = 1072 +/- 677 pg/ml, pNS]; however, neonates had significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-8 (316 +/- 136 pg/ml versus 48 +/- 28 pg/ml, P < 0.005). Similar levels of IL-2, IL-7, IL-10 and IL-12 were measured in both groups, but levels of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were either absent or low. In response to CMV, neonates and adults mount a predominant T helper 1 (Th1) response, as evidenced by the presence of IL-2, IL-8, IL-12 and IFN-gamma with concomitant lack of IL-4. These findings suggest that the neonate, when presented with infection in utero, is capable of mounting an individual response; however, the lower IFN-gamma and higher IL-8 levels suggest reduced immune responsiveness when compared to their adult counterparts.
Regiospezifische Reduktionen von 1,3,3‐trisubstituierten Succinimiden mit Diboran (1977)

Regiospecific reduction of 1,3,3‐trisubstituted succinimides by diborane It is possible to reduce 1,3,3‐trisubstituted succinimides regiospecifically by diborane at the less substituted carbonyl group to yield the corresponding lactams. This method was used specially for the reduction of 2,8‐diazaspiro[4,5]decane‐1,3‐diones to 2,8‐diazaspiro[4,5]decan‐1‐ones. These results are in contrast to those of Speckamp et al. [4a‐h] in which sodiumborohydride/HCl was the reducing agent. Possible explanations for the selective reductions are discussed, using the principles of steric approach control of Dunitz &amp; Bürgi [6] and of Baldwin [8].
Browsing large satellite and aerial photographs (2002)

Image content based retrieval in the Alexandria digital library project has focussed on texture and color features for querying the database. A robust texture feature extraction algorithm and a fast segmentation scheme have been developed. The texture features are computed by filtering the image with a bank of Gabor filters. This is followed by a clustering scheme to create a texture based feature dictionary, which is then used to search and retrieve similar looking patterns from other images. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the overall system in searching over a large collection of airphotos and in selecting a surprisingly diverse collection of geographic features such as housing developments, parking lots, highways, and airports.
Smart Augmentation Learning an Optimal Data Augmentation Strategy (2017)

A recurring problem faced when training neural networks is that there is typically not enough data to maximize the generalization capability of deep neural networks. There are many techniques to address this, including data augmentation, dropout, and transfer learning. In this paper, we introduce an additional method, which we call smart augmentation and we show how to use it to increase the accuracy and reduce over fitting on a target network. Smart augmentation works, by creating a network that learns how to generate augmented data during the training process of a target network in a way that reduces that networks loss. This allows us to learn augmentations that minimize the error of that network. Smart augmentation has shown the potential to increase accuracy by demonstrably significant measures on all data sets tested. In addition, it has shown potential to achieve similar or improved performance levels with significantly smaller network sizes in a number of tested cases.
Oligonucleotides Containing 7-Deazaadenines: The Influence of the 7-Substituent Chain Length and Charge on the Duplex Stability (1999)

Oligonucleotides carrying alkynyl and aminoalkynyl chains at the position 7 of 7-deazaadenine are synthesized, and the chain lengths as well as the bulkiness of the substituents are varied. The corresponding nucleosides 1a – f are prepared from 7-deaza-2′-deoxy-7-iodoadenosine and the particular alkynes by the Pd0-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. The nucleosides are converted to the phosphoramidites 2a – f, which are used in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. The stability of the duplexes is determined by the Tm values and the thermodynamic data. Compared to adenine or the unsubstituted 7-deazaadenine, the incorporation of a 7-ethynyl chain in a 7-deazaadenine moiety increases the duplex stability significantly, while a dodecynyl residue or a bulky steroid moiety leads to a duplex destabilization. A 3-aminoprop-1-ynyl residue (see 1g) or a 5-aminopent-1-ynyl residue (see 1h), which are charged under neutral conditions, lead to zwitterionic DNA. A high density of charged residues as found in homomers impairs duplex formation, most probably by counter-ion condensation.
Preparation of stable aqueous solution of keratins, and physiochemical and biodegradational properties of films (1996)

A stable aqueous solution of reduced keratins was prepared by extracting the proteins from wool (Corriedale) with a mixture of urea, mercaptanol, surfactant, and water at 40-60 degrees C. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was especially effective as a surfactant, not only in promoting extraction but also in stabilizing the aqueous protein solution. The proteins had the following constants: MW, 52,000-69,000 daltons; cysteine content, 8-9 mol%; pl about 6.7. A clear film was readily prepared from a keratin solution containing glycerol. The film was insoluble in water and organic solvents including dimethyl sulfoxide. The keratin film was permeable to glucose, urea, and sodium chloride. The keratin film was degraded in vitro (by trypsin) and in vivo (by subcutaneous embedding in mice).
Acute myeloid leukaemia (2009)

Extract Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) comprises a group of clonal disorders caused by maturation arrest leading to proliferation of abnormal myeloid precursor cells. However, this definition incorporates a wide and heterogenous group of leukaemias (see Classification). The prognosis of paediatric AML was very poor until the introduction of intensive chemotherapy protocols in the 1980s, but has now improved greatly although survival rates still lag behind those for ALL. Epidemiology ... Aetiology ... Clinical presentation ... Investigations ... Diagnosis Morphology is the mainstay of diagnosis, but may be supported by immunophenotyping, immunocytochemistry and/or cytogenetics/molecular genetics. Classification Morphology (French-American-British [FAB] criteria) (Fig 27.1) ... With the exception of the association between M2, M3 and M4Eo with good risk cytogenetic abnormalities (Classification (27), Cytogenetics and molecular genetics p.411). there is no consistent evidence that FAB type has important prognostic significance since intensive chemotherapy has improved the overall survival rates for paediatric AML.
Fractional Flow Reserve–Guided PCI for Stable Coronary Artery Disease (2014)

In patients with stable coronary artery disease, FFR-guided PCI, as compared with medical therapy alone, improved the outcome. Patients without ischemia had a favorable outcome with medical therapy alone. (Funded by St. Jude Medical; FAME 2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01132495.).
Discovery of 5-Amino- N -(1 H -pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide Inhibitors of IRAK4 (2015)

Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is an essential signal transducer downstream of the IL-1R and TLR superfamily, and selective inhibition of the kinase activity of the protein represents an attractive target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. A series of 5-amino-N-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamides was developed via sequential modifications to the 5-position of the pyrazolopyrimidine ring and the 3-position of the pyrazole ring. Replacement of substituents responsible for poor permeability and improvement of physical properties guided by cLogD led to the identification of IRAK4 inhibitors with excellent potency, kinase selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties suitable for oral dosing.
Maltose-binding Protein Is Open in the Catalytic Transition State for ATP Hydrolysis during Maltose Transport (2004)

The maltose transport complex of Escherichia coli, a member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily, mediates the high affinity uptake of maltose at the expense of ATP. The membrane-associated transporter consists of two transmembrane subunits, MalF and MalG, and two copies of the cytoplasmic ATP-binding cassette subunit, MalK. Maltose-binding protein (MBP), a soluble periplasmic protein, delivers maltose to the MalFGK(2) transporter and stimulates hydrolysis by the transporter. Site-directed spin labeling electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to monitor binding of MBP to MalFGK(2) and conformational changes in MBP as it interacts with MalFGK(2). Cysteine residues and spin labels have been introduced into the two lobes of MBP so that spin-spin interaction will report on ligand-induced closure of the protein (Hall, J. A., Thorgeirsson, T. E., Liu, J., Shin, Y. K., and Nikaido, H. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 17610-17614). At least two different modes of interaction between MBP and MalFGK(2) were detected. Binding of MBP to MalFGK(2) in the absence of ATP resulted in a decrease in motion of spin label at position 41 in the C-terminal domain of MBP. In a vanadate-trapped transition state intermediate, all free MBP became tightly bound to MalFGK(2), spin label in both lobes became completely immobilized, and spin-spin interactions were lost, suggesting that MBP was in an open conformation. Binding of non-hydrolyzable MgATP analogs or ATP in the absence of Mg is sufficient to stabilize a complex of open MBP and MalFGK(2). Taken together, these data suggest that closure of the MalK dimer interface coincides with opening of MBP and maltose release to the transporter.
Reduction of the Incidence of Sperm DNA Fragmentation by Oral Antioxidant Treatment (2005)

ABSTRACT: Sperm DNA fragmentation is known to compromise male fertility. Previous findings have suggested the implication of oxidative stress in the etiology of this pathological condition. The present study was conducted to find out if the pathologically increased incidence of DNA fragmentation in ejaculated spermatozoa can be reduced by oral treatment with two antioxidants, vitamins C and E. Sixty‐four men with unexplained infertility and an elevated (≥15%) percentage of DNA‐fragmented spermatozoa in the ejaculate were randomized between an antioxidant treatment (1 g vitamin C and 1 g vitamin E daily for 2 months) group and a placebo group. Sperm DNA fragmentation was evaluated by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling assay before and after treatment. No differences in basic sperm parameters were found between the antioxidant treatment and the placebo group before or after treatment. However, the percentage of DNA‐fragmented spermatozoa was markedly reduced ( P &lt; .001) in the antioxidant treatment group after the treatment (9.1 ± 7.2) as compared with the pretreatment values (22.1 ± 7.7). No difference in the pretreatment and posttreatment incidence of sperm DNA fragmentation was observed in the placebo group. These data show that sperm DNA damage can be efficiently treated with oral antioxidants administered during a relatively short time period.
New natural and renewable low transition temperature mixtures (LTTMs): screening as solvents for lignocellulosic biomass processing (2012)

New natural and biorenewable solvents are prepared in this work consisting of high melting temperature starting materials that form low transition temperature mixtures (LTTMs). The physicochemical behaviour of these new solvents can be tailored by a judicious selection of the constituents’ nature and ratio. Their suitability as solvents for lignocellulosic biomass processing is evaluated.
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of heterocycles bearing carbon-sulfur and carbon-selenium bonds: 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-selenadiazole, and tetrazole derivatives (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of heterocycles bearing carbon-sulfur and carbon-selenium bonds: 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-selenadiazole, and tetrazole derivativesJ. R. Bartels-Keith, M. T. Burgess, and J. M. StevensonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 23, 3725–3731Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00443a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00443a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views510Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Phase II Study of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol for Appetite Stimulation in Cancer-Associated Anorexia (1994)

THC is an effective appetite stimulant in patients with advanced cancer. It is well tolerated at low doses. Further studies are needed to determine the most appropriate dose and the specific population most likely to respond.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) — 2018 (2019)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumours of gastrointestinal tract. Advances in the understanding of the pathologic-molecular mechanisms of GIST pathogenesis have emerged GIST as a model of targeted therapy in oncology. The paper describes advances in diagnostics and therapy of these tumours based on new scientific basis. Radical surgery is still the mainstay treatment for primary, localized, resectable GISTs, although high percentages of the patients after potentially curative operations develop recurrent or metastatic disease; thus all GIST should be evaluated for potential adjuvant therapy with imatinib. In inoperable/metastatic lesions the treatment of choice is tyrosine kinase inhibitor — imatinib mesylate In case of disease progression the increase of imatinib dose to 800 mg daily is recommended and if further progression exists — sunitinib in the initial dose 50 mg daily should be introduced, thereafter sorafenib/regorafenib or clinical trial with new drugs (e.g. BLU-285 or DCC2618).
Multiple emitter location and signal Parameter estimation (1979)

Processing the signals received on an array of sensors for the location of the emitter is of great enough interest to have been treated under many special case assumptions. The general problem considers sensors with arbitrary locations and arbitrary directional characteristics (gain/phase/polarization) in a noise/interference environment of arbitrary covariance matrix. This report is concerned first with the multiple emitter aspect of this problem and second with the generality of solution. A description is given of the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, which provides asymptotically unbiased estimates of 1) number of incident wavefronts present; 2) directions of arrival (DOA) (or emitter locations); 3) strengths and cross correlations among the incident waveforms; 4) noise/interference strength. Examples and comparisons with methods based on maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum entropy (ME), as well as conventional beamforming are included. An example of its use as a multiple frequency estimator operating on time series is included.