gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hammerhead-like molecules containing non-nucleoside linkers are active RNA catalysts (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHammerhead-like molecules containing non-nucleoside linkers are active RNA catalystsFritz Benseler, Dong Jing Fu, Janos Ludwig, and Larry W. McLaughlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 18, 8483–8484Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00071a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00071a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Synthetic peptides with the biological activities and specificity of human C3a anaphylatoxin. (1977)

Two peptides identical to the COOH-terminal sequence of human C3a anaphylatoxin and two analogs were synthesized by the solid-phase method and tested for biological activity. The synthetic COOH-terminal octapeptide, C3a-(70-77) or Ala-Ser-His-Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala-Arg, caused contraction of guinea pig ileum and uterus, release of vasoactive amines from rat mast cells, and increased vascular permeability in guinea pig and human skin. On a molar basis, the synthetic octapeptide possessed 1-2% of the biological activities of C3a and specifically desensitized smooth muscle to stimulation by C3a. Like natural C3a, the synthetic C3a=(70-77) was inactivated by digestion with carboxypeptidase B [peptidyl-L-lysine(-L-arginine) hydrolase, EC 3.4.12.3], which removed the essential COOH-terminal arginine. A synthetic nonapeptide [C3a-(70-77)-Gly], containing a glycyl instead of an arginyl COOH terminus, was approximately 1% as active as the octapeptide when assayed with smooth muscle. The COOH-terminal 13-residue peptide of C3a, C3a-(65-77), was equal in activity to C3a=(70-77); similarly, C3a-(65-77)-Gly expressed the same activity as C3a-(70-77)Gly. It is concluded that both the biological specificity and the activity of human C3a anaphylatoxin are determined by eight or fewer residues located at the COOH terminus of the natural protein. However, expression of full activity requires additional groups and the secondary conformational integrity of the C3a molecule.
Formation, Clearance, Deposition, Pathogenicity, and Identification of Biopharmaceutical-related Immune Complexes (2014)

Vascular inflammation, infusion reactions, glomerulopathies, and other potentially adverse effects may be observed in laboratory animals, including monkeys, on toxicity studies of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and recombinant human protein drugs. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation suggests these effects may be mediated by deposition of immune complexes (ICs) containing the drug, endogenous immunoglobulin, and/or complement components in the affected tissues. ICs may be observed in glomerulus, blood vessels, synovium, lung, liver, skin, eye, choroid plexus, or other tissues or bound to neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, or platelets. IC deposition may activate complement, kinin, and/or coagulation/fibrinolytic pathways and result in a systemic proinflammatory response. IC clearance is biphasic in humans and monkeys (first from plasma to liver and/or spleen, second from liver or spleen). IC deposition/clearance is affected by IC composition, immunomodulation, and/or complement activation. Case studies are presented from toxicity study monkeys or rats and indicate IHC-IC deposition patterns similar to those predicted by experimental studies of IC-mediated reactions to heterologous protein administration to monkeys and other species. The IHC-staining patterns are consistent with findings associated with generalized and localized IC-associated pathology in humans. However, manifestations of immunogenicity in preclinical species are generally not considered predictive to humans.
Cell-mediated immunity and postexposure protection from rabies by inactivated vaccines of tissue culture origin. (1978)

In a companion paper, a complex-power-flow variational scheme is applied to analyze mode propagation along open circularly cylindrical graded-index waveguides. It leads to a characteristic equation in terms of impedances rather than fields. The resulting impedance-angle formalism provides the basis for the full-wave generalization for optical fibers of the mode-counting scheme previously developed for a scalar wave propagation problem. The complex-power-flow variational scheme for bent waveguides is based on energy considerations. Hence, in its derivation, it is natural to consider a waveguide section (a volume) rather than a cross section (a surface). In the proof of the mode-counting and mode-bracketing theorems, the key issue is to show that the characteristic roots and the roots of the so-called separation function alternate. For general circularly cylindrical open waveguides, the required proofs are intricate. However, the special limiting cases in which the optical fiber is surrounded by electrically or magnetically perfectly conducting walls are tractable. To account for the general case, it appears to be necessary to regard a class of optical waveguide problems with a continuous transition from perfect electric conductor to perfect magnetic conductor boundary conditions via the situation pertaining to the actual exterior medium. Thus, a half-strip is constructed on which the so-called characteristic and separation graphs are seen to alternate. As spin-off, such a "sweep" might prove useful in the design of a fiber cladding.
GEF-H1 Signaling upon Microtubule Destabilization Is Required for Dendritic Cell Activation and Specific Anti-tumor Responses (2019)

Dendritic cell (DC) activation is a critical step for anti-tumor T cell responses. Certain chemotherapeutics can influence DC function. Here we demonstrate that chemotherapy capable of microtubule destabilization has direct effects on DC function; namely, it induces potent DC maturation and elicits anti-tumor immunity. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1) is specifically released upon microtubule destabilization and is required for DC activation. In response to chemotherapy, GEF-H1 drives a distinct cell signaling program in DCs dominated by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and AP-1/ATF transcriptional response for control of innate and adaptive immune responses. Microtubule destabilization, and subsequent GEF-H1 signaling, enhances cross-presentation of tumor antigens to CD8 T cells. In absence of GEF-H1, anti-tumor immunity is hampered. In cancer patients, high expression of the GEF-H1 immune gene signature is associated with prolonged survival. Our study identifies an alternate intracellular axis in DCs induced upon microtubule destabilization in which GEF-H1 promotes protective anti-tumor immunity.
The Loss Unit (1990)

Spousal bereavement is a common, severe loss which brings with it a threat to both psychological and physical health. It is not always resolved successfully, a significant proportion of widows need professional help with grief work. Certain factors predispose to morbid grief, personality style, previous psychiatric iilness, nature of the death, prior relationship to the deceased, perceived social support system, and so on. Grief therapy is beneficial to those with bereavement difficulties. An outline of the grief therapy used by the author is described.
Nanomedicines for the Delivery of Biologics (2019)

A special symposium of the Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nanomedicines Focus Group reviewed the current status of the use of nanomedicines for the delivery of biologics drugs. This meeting was particularly timely with the recent approval of the first siRNA-containing product Onpattro™ (patisiran), which is formulated as a lipid nanoparticle for intravenous infusion, and the increasing interest in the use of nanomedicines for the oral delivery of biologics. The challenges in delivering such molecules were discussed with specific emphasis on the delivery both across and into cells. The latest developments in Molecular Envelope Technology<sup>®</sup> (Nanomerics Ltd, London, UK), liposomal drug delivery (both from an academic and industrial perspective), opportunities offered by the endocytic pathway, delivery using genetically engineered viral vectors (PsiOxus Technologies Ltd, Abingdon, UK), Transint™ technology (Applied Molecular Transport Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA), which has the potential to deliver a wide range of macromolecules, and AstraZeneca's initiatives in mRNA delivery were covered with a focus on their uses in difficult to treat diseases, including cancers. Preclinical data were presented for each of the technologies and where sufficiently advanced, plans for clinical studies as well as early clinical data. The meeting covered the work in progress in this exciting area and highlighted some key technologies to look out for in the future.
B7 but not intercellular adhesion molecule-1 costimulation prevents the induction of human alloantigen-specific tolerance. (1993)

Presentation of antigen by the major histocompatibility complex to T lymphocytes without the requisite costimulatory signals does not induce an immune response but rather results in a state of antigen-specific unresponsiveness, termed anergy. To determine which costimulatory signals are critical for the T cell commitment to activation or anergy, we developed an in vitro model system that isolated the contributions of alloantigen and each candidate costimulatory molecule. Here, we show that transfectants expressing HLA-DR7 and either B7 or intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) deliver independent costimulatory signals resulting in alloantigen-induced proliferation of CD4-positive T lymphocytes. Although equivalent in their ability to costimulate maximal proliferation of alloreactive T cells, B7 but not ICAM-1 induced detectable interleukin 2 secretion and prevented the induction of alloantigen-specific anergy. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that blockade of the ICAM-1:lymphocyte function-associated 1 pathway results in immunosuppression, whereas blockade of the B7:CD28/CTLA4 pathway results in alloantigen-specific anergy. This approach, using this model system, should facilitate the identification of critical costimulatory pathways which must be inhibited in order to induce alloantigen-specific tolerance before human organ transplantation.
Humoral Regulation of Red Cell Production (1953)

Abstract Large amounts of plasma from rabbits, rendered anemic by bleeding, were injected into normal rabbits. A significant rise in the number of reticulocytes was observed in these rabbits. Control rabbits receiving the same amount of plasma from normal donor rabbits failed to show any significant change in the reticulocyte count. A definite increase in red blood cell count, hematocrit and per cent nucleated red cells of the bone marrow was noticed in 2 rabbits receiving repeated injections of plasma from anemic rabbits. It is concluded that plasma from rabbits rendered anemic by bleeding contains a factor capable of stimulating red cell production.
Molecular and Phylogenetic Analyses of the Complete MADS-Box Transcription Factor Family in Arabidopsis (2003)

MADS-box transcription factors are key regulators of several plant development processes. Analysis of the complete Arabidopsis genome sequence revealed 107 genes encoding MADS-box proteins, of which 84% are of unknown function. Here, we provide a complete overview of this family, describing the gene structure, gene expression, genome localization, protein motif organization, and phylogenetic relationship of each member. We have divided this transcription factor family into five groups (named MIKC, Malpha, Mbeta, Mgamma, and Mdelta) based on the phylogenetic relationships of the conserved MADS-box domain. This study provides a solid base for functional genomics studies into this important family of plant regulatory genes, including the poorly characterized group of M-type MADS-box proteins. MADS-box genes also constitute an excellent system with which to study the evolution of complex gene families in higher plants.
Physicochemical and Kinetic Properties of Mushroom Tyrosinase (1970)

Abstract Tyrosinase (o-diphenol:O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.1) has been purified from a commercial lyophilized powder prepared from edible mushrooms. Specific activities toward dl-dihydroxyphenylalanine and catechol, homogeneity, molecular weight, absorption spectrum, amino acid composition, and copper content of the preparation are comparable to other purified samples of tyrosinase prepared from fresh mushrooms. Circular dichroism of the enzyme reveals an unusually shaped envelope of negative ellipticity bands in the deep ultraviolet (196 to 250 mµ), which is difficult to explain by a combination of the usual peptide conformational forms. Small positive ellipticity bands ([θ] per 32,000 mol wt ≅ 30,000) are associated with the near ultraviolet absorption of the aromatic amino acid side chains. Kinetic constants for the oxidation of a homologous series of catechol substrates substituted in position 4 by groups —H, —SCN, —COCH3, —CHO, —CN, and —NO2 have been determined. As the electron-withdrawing ability of the substituent increases, Km and kcat decrease in the order H g SCN g COCH3 g CHO g CN g NO2. Except for the kcat values for the two most slowly oxidized substrates, both Km and kcat conform to Hammett relationships when the substituent parameter σ- is used. The ρ values are -1.01 ± 0.09 for Km and -2.49 ± 0.11 for kcat. The oxidation of pyrocatechol, 4-COCH3, and 4-CHO-catechol give a satisfactory isokinetic relationship between ΔH‡ and ΔS‡. These findings suggest that these substrates are oxidized by the same basic mechanism. Studies of the dependence of catechol oxidation on the concentration of oxygen show that Km for oxygen varies with the nature of the catechol substrate. With the exception of the pyrocatechol complex, the enzyme-substrate complexes for this series of catechols are saturated in air (20.95% O2). The oxygen kinetics suggest a sequential mechanism for the binding of catechol and oxygen. Detailed studies of the pH dependence of Km and kcat show the presence of a group in the enzyme whose pKa changes upon the binding of a catechol molecule. Inhibition of tyrosinase by benzoic acid and cyanide show that the former is competitive with catechol and noncompetitive with oxygen, while the latter is competitive with oxygen and noncompetitive with catechol. These results are taken to indicate two distinct substrate binding sites on the enzyme, one with a high affinity for aromatic compounds including phenolic substrates, the other for metal-binding agents and oxygen. The latter site presumably involves enzyme copper. Binding studies with 14C-benzoic acid suggest that there are two binding sites for benzoic acid per mole of tetramer (mol wt = 128,000). The equilibrium constant for this binding is the same as the Ki measured for competitive inhibition of catechol oxidation by benzoic acid. Catechols are activators of the phenolase reaction of tyrosinase, and tyrosine is shown to be an inhibitor of this activation of its own oxidation in a manner suggesting that there is a third binding site on the enzyme for an activator catechol or phenol.
Magnetic circular dichroism and Faraday rotation spectra ofY3Fe5O12 (1975)

The magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), Faraday rotation (FR), and absorption spectra of ${\mathrm{Y}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{5}$${\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ at 77 K are presented between 10 000 and 25 000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Comparison of MCD and FR line shapes with absorption-band energies indicates that the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ crystal-field transitions are predominantly paramagnetic in nature. It is shown that spin-orbit mixing of the $^{4}T_{1g}(G)$ excited crystal-field states into the ground state is sufficient to explain the observed MCD of the $^{6}A_{1g}(S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{4}T_{1g}(G)$ band without producing an unacceptable change in the ground-state $g$ factor and is consistent with the observation of paramagnetic line shapes for the other ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ crystalfield transitions. It is pointed out that previous analyses of the magneto-optic spectra of iron garnets above 20 000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ are probably in error.
Two-wavelength phase shifting interferometry (1984)

This paper describes a technique that combines ideas of phase shifting interferometry (PSI) and two-wavelength interferometry (TWLI) to extend the phase measurement range of conventional single-wavelength PSI. To verify theoretical predictions, experiments have been performed using a solid-state linear detector array to measure 1-D surface heights. Problems associated with TWLPSI and the experimental setup are discussed. To test the capability of the TWLPSI, a very fine fringe pattern was used to illuminate a 1024 element detector array. Without temporal averaging, the repeatability of measuring a surface having a sag of ~100 μm is better than 25-Å (0.0025%) rms.
A system for unrestricted topic retrieval from radio news broadcasts (2002)

The "topic classification" systems described in the speech literature typically partition a collection of spoken messages into a small number of pre-defined topics. As such, they are only useful if the set of message topics does not vary over time. However, the techniques of textual information retrieval (IR) have long allowed for retrieval by arbitrary subject from a document collection. This paper describes experiments in unrestricted retrieval from a collection of radio news broadcasts. A hybrid message indexing strategy, with conventional word recognition and a fast lattice-based wordspotter, allows for the retrieval of news reports concerning any subject. The results show that retrieval can be carried out extremely quickly and that high accuracy is possible, even with recognition output errors.
Temperature-Responsive Protein Pores (2006)

We describe temperature-responsive protein pores containing single elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) loops. The ELP loops were placed within the cavity of the lumen of the alpha-hemolysin (alphaHL) pore, a heptamer of known crystal structure. The cavity is roughly spherical with a molecular surface volume of about 39,500 A3. In an applied potential, the wild-type alphaHL pore remained open for long periods. In contrast, the ELP loop-containing alphaHL pores exhibited transient current blockades, the nature of which depended on the length and sequence of the inserted loop. Together with similar results obtained with poly(ethylene glycols) covalently attached within the cavity, the data suggest that the transient current blockades are caused by excursions of ELP into the transmembrane beta-barrel domain of the pore. Below its transition temperature, the ELP loop is fully expanded and blocks the pore completely, but reversibly. Above its transition temperature, the ELP is dehydrated and the structure collapses, enabling a substantial flow of ions. Potential applications of temperature-responsive protein pores in medical biotechnology are discussed.
Microstrip Spiral Directional Coupler (1981)

A new microwave directional coupler with a spiral-shaped construction is described. This coupler is named the spiral coupler and is formed by coiling two edge-coupled lines. Therefore, the size of the coupler can be greatly miniaturized. Furthermore, this coupler can achieve tight coupling much easier than the conventional coupler with edge-coupled lines on account of the multiconductor structure. The spiral couplers with a total length of a quarter-wave were fabricated on alumina ceramic substrates and resulted in 3.5-dB maximum conpling for a 40-mu m strip spacing. The size of the coupler was about one-sixth of the conventional one. The spiral coupler with a total length of three quarter-waves theoretically showed 2.5-dB coupling for a 95-mu m strip spacing on an alumina substrate. The achieved coupling is due to the skillful construction of the spiral. An experimental coupler fabricated on a Teflon substrate confirmed the usefulness of this approach.
Biotransformation of nitrobenzene by bacteria containing toluene degradative pathways (1991)

Nonpolar nitroaromatic compounds have been considered resistant to attack by oxygenases because of the electron withdrawing properties of the nitro group. We have investigated the ability of seven bacterial strains containing toluene degradative pathways to oxidize nitrobenzene. Cultures were induced with toluene vapor prior to incubation with nitrobenzene, and products were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pseudomonas cepacia G4 and a strain of Pseudomonas harboring the TOL plasmid (pTN2) did not transform nitrobenzene. Cells of Pseudomonas putida F1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain JS150 converted nitrobenzene to 3-nitrocatechol. Transformation of nitrobenzene in the presence of 18O2 indicated that the reaction in JS150 involved the incorporation of both atoms of oxygen in the 3-nitrocatechol, which suggests a dioxygenase mechanism. P. putida 39/D, a mutant strain of P. putida F1, converted nitrobenzene to a compound tentatively identified as cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3-nitrocyclohexa-3,5-diene. This compound was rapidly converted to 3-nitrocatechol by cells of strain JS150. Cultures of Pseudomonas mendocina KR-1 converted nitrobenzene to a mixture of 3- and 4-nitrophenol (10 and 63%, respectively). Pseudomonas pickettii PKO1 converted nitrobenzene to 3- and 4-nitrocatechol via 3- and 4-nitrophenol. The nitrocatechols were slowly degraded to unidentified metabolites. Nitrobenzene did not serve as an inducer for the enzymes that catalyzed its oxidation. These results indicate that the nitrobenzene ring is subject to initial attack by both mono- and dioxygenase enzymes.
DNA sequence and transcription of the BamHI fragment B region of B95-8 Epstein-Barr virus. (1983)

The DNA sequence of the BamHI fragments B and the contiguous portion of G extending from the BamHI site to the EcoRI site of the B95-8 strain of Epstein-Barr virus has been determined. The sequence has been analysed for possible protein coding regions and transcriptional control sites. At least eight large open reading frames were found. Several RNA polymerase II promoters have been identified in the BamHI-B fragments. RNAs transcribed from these promoters are substantially induced by treatment of B95-8 cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Phosphonoacetic acid reversed the stimulatory effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on the transcription of these RNAs indicating that they are late RNAs.