gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatocyte‐conditioned medium sustains endothelial differentiation of human hematopoietic‐endothelial progenitors† (2007)

This system allowed subsequent stages of differentiation of hematopoietic cells to endothelial cells to be defined, underlining the strict interrelationship between endothelial and hematopoietic cells in a hepatocyte environment.
Pirates! Using the Physical World as a Game Board (2001)

We explore how computer games can be designed to maintain some of the social aspects of traditional game play, by moving computational game elements into the physical world. We have constructed a mobile multiplayer game, Pirates!, to illustrate how wireless and proximity-sensing technology can be integrated in the design of new game experiences. We describe Pirates! and its implementation, and report insights gained during a demonstration at a scientific conference. Observations of test users indicate that Pirates! can be deployed in a social setting where co-located people play together in order to promote social interaction between players and non-players alike.
Efficacy of Common Laboratory Disinfectants on the Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in Cell Culture (2002)

Nine liquid disinfectants were tested for their ability to reduce infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in cell culture. A 4-min exposure to 6% hydrogen peroxide and a 13-min exposure to ammonium hydroxide-amended windshield washer fluid reduced infectivity 1,000-fold. Other disinfectants tested (70% ethanol, 37% methanol, 6% sodium hypochlorite, 70% isopropanol, and three commercial disinfectants) did not reduce the infectivity after a 33-min exposure. The results indicate that hydrogen peroxide and windshield washer fluid or ammonium hydroxide disinfectant may be suitable laboratory disinfectants against C. parvum oocysts.
Established and emerging coronary risk factors in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (2004)

These results indicate that emerging coronary risk factors appear not to be associated with CAD in adults with treated familial hypercholesterolaemia, but the strong association with smoking suggests that patients should be identified early in childhood and discouraged from ever starting to smoke.
Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition: Analysis with Multicolor CT and Targeted Gold Nanoparticles (2010)

Spectral CT used with carefully chosen contrast agents may yield valuable information about atherosclerotic plaque composition.
Purification and properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Molinema dessetae (Nematoda: Filarioidea) (1993)

The presence of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31), an enzyme at the branchpoint of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle was detected in the Filaria Molinema dessetae. This enzyme has not previously been identified in Helminths, which have so far been found to only possess a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32). This enzyme had a level of activity comparable to that of pyruvate kinase, and was relatively less active than enzymes such as malate dehydrogenase or lactate dehydrogenase. We propose here a method of purification of M. dessetae PEP-carboxylase. When purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, the enzyme had a molecular weight of 64 kDa. Kinetic studies indicated that the carboxylation reaction had an optimal pH of 5.8. The enzyme was inhibited by cations such as Fe2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ but required the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+. The enzyme was thermostable. The apparent Km value of 2.38 mmol for phosphoenolpyruvate for the carboxylation reaction was higher than previously reported values. The Km value for KHCO3 was found to be 1.6 mmol. PEP-carboxylase did not catalyse the reverse reaction.
Nuclear transplantation in the pig embryo: Nuclear swelling (1990)

The transfer of nuclei from cleavage stage embryos to enucleated activated meiotic metaphase II oocytes results in a reprogramming of the transferred nucleus such that it behaves as a zygotic nucleus. One estimator of nuclear reprogramming is nuclear swelling after nuclear transfer. The diameter of nuclei after nuclear transfer was not found to be dependent upon the amount of cytoplasm transferred with the donor cell or the amount of cytoplasm in the recipient cell. Nuclei from 4-, 8-, and 16-cell stage embryos swelled to a similar diameter after nuclear transfer (26.9, 27.3, and 27.2 microns, respectively) and this was significantly different from the diameter of contemporary donor embryos (18.3, 14.3, and 13.0 microns, respectively). This is a swelling of 47, 91, and 109%, respectively. Since the degree of nuclear swelling does not appear to be related to cytoplasmic volume it is concluded that the components mediating nuclear swelling are not in a limiting supply.
Fine structural mapping of a critical NH2-terminal region of p60src. (1985)

We have recently demonstrated that an NH2-terminal sequence required for myristylation and membrane association of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein, p60src, is contained within amino acids 2-14 [Cross, F.R., Garber, E. A., Pellman, D. & Hanafusa, H. (1984) Mol. Cell. Biol. 4, 1834-1842]. This sequence is also required for cell transformation. We have now constructed five mutants of Rous sarcoma virus that contain alterations in the src sequence coding for these 14 amino acids. Mutants encoding src proteins with a peptide insertion between amino acids 1 and 2, or peptide substitutions for amino acids 2-4, 3-4, or 7-15, were transformation-defective. The src proteins of these mutants differed from the wild-type protein in that they were not myristylated and did not fractionate with the plasma membrane of infected cells. The fifth mutant encoded a src protein with a short peptide substituted for amino acids 11-15. This protein was myristylated and plasma membrane associated, and the virus transformed cells. We therefore conclude that a sequence required for myristylation and membrane association of p60src is located within the first 7-10 amino acids of the src protein, and that p60src myristylation and membrane association are required for cell transformation. Consistent with this idea, we have isolated four transforming revertants from one of the transformation-defective mutants. The src proteins of all four revertants were found to be myristylated and membrane associated.
Innate Immunity Mediated by the Cytokine IL-1 Homologue 4 (IL-1H4/IL-1F7) Induces IL-12-Dependent Adaptive and Profound Antitumor Immunity (2003)

Recently, several novel members of the IL-1 family have been identified. The possible therapeutic utility and the underlying biologic role of these new members remain unclear. In the present study we analyzed the anti-tumor activity of human IL-1 homologue 4(IL-1H4; renamed IL-F7) by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer (AdIL-1H4) directly into murine tumors. In vitro expression analysis showed that IL-1H4 was a secretory protein. Treatment of an established MCA205 mouse fibrosarcoma by single intratumoral injection of AdIL-1H4 resulted in significant growth suppression. Furthermore, complete inhibition of tumor growth was observed following multiple injections of AdIL-1H4. The anti-tumor activity of IL-1H4 was abrogated in nude and SCID mice and in IL-12-, IFN-gamma-, or Fas ligand-deficient mice. In contrast, IL-1H4 was able to confer substantial anti-tumor effects in NKT-deficient mice. These results suggest that IL-1H4 could play an important role in the link between innate and adaptive immunity and may be useful for tumor immunotherapy.
The lamin B receptor‐associated protein p34 shares sequence homology and antigenic determinants with the splicing factor 2‐associated protein p32 (1994)

The lamin B receptor (p58) is an inner nuclear membrane protein that forms an in vivo complex with the nuclear lamins, a nuclear envelope kinase, and two other nuclear proteins with apparent M(r) of 18,000 (p18) and 34,000 (p34). We now report the isolation of p34 by partial dissociation of the immunoaffinity-purified p58 protein complex. Determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified p34 shows that this polypeptide is homologous to p32, a splicing factor 2 (SF2)-associated protein. The relatedness between p34 and p32 can be further established by showing that antibodies raised against N- and C-terminal peptides of p32 cross-react with purified p34. As the amino acid sequence of p58 contains an arginine/serine (RS)-rich region similar to the RS-rich region found in SF 2, we speculate that these domains provide binding sites for p34 and that this protein may be a linker between the nuclear membrane and intranuclear spliceosomal substructures.
Release of Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride from Osmotically Rupturable Tablets (2002)

Osmotically rupturable systems were developed and the release of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (model drug) from the systems was investigated. Systems were designed using mannitol (osmotic agent) and increasing amounts of polyethylene oxide (PEO, a water-swellable polymer) surrounded by a semipermeable membrane. When placed in an aqueous environment, osmotic water imbibition into the systems distended and swelled the systems until the membrane ruptured and released the active compound to the outside environment. Tablets with increasing amount of PEO exhibited longer rupture times. This may be due to osmotic pressure-modulating properties of the polymer, changing the rate of water imbibition into the systems. The integrity of the membranes was investigated using high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry. Minimal mercury intrusion into the membrane structure and core tablet indicated membrane integrity and lack of defective areas or pin-holes. The results were in agreement with the release profiles where no drug release was detected prior to membrane rupture. Mercury intrusion porosimetry appears to be a promising technique for evaluation of membrane integrity. Once the systems ruptured, drug was released by osmotic pumping and diffusion mechanisms through the ruptured area. There was a decrease in drug release rate with inclusion of PEO in the core. The effects of film thickness on rupture and release times were also investigated. Devices with thicker films produced longer rupture times. This is in agreement with the theoretical prediction.
Tramadol intoxication: a review of 114 cases (2008)

Tramadol as a centrally acting analgesic is extensively used in the management of moderate to severe pain. It slightly affects opioid receptors and inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrin and serotonin in the CNS. There are reports about toxicity and abuse of tramadol. The objective of the present study was to evaluate epidemiology of intentional tramadol intoxications. All poisoning cases that admitted to Loghman-Hakim Hospital Poison Center from April to May 2007 were studied. A total of 114 cases (82 men and 32 women) of intentional tramadol intoxications with the median age of 23.66 +/- 6.87 years (range 16-54 years) were identified. Other illicit drugs were found to be used in combination with tramadol in some of the cases, which among them benzodiazepines were the most common. Tramadol overdose has been one of the most frequent causes of drug poisoning in the country in the recent years, especially in male young adults with history of substance abuse and mental disorders. Nausea, vomiting, Central Nervous System (CNS) depression, tachycardia, and seizure are the most common findings in this kind of poisoning. Cardiopulmonary arrest was found as the cause of death in cases who had ingested more than 5000 mg tramadol.
A new method for fast proton spectroscopic imaging: Spectroscopic GRASE (2000)

A new fast spectroscopic imaging method is presented which allows both a very short minimum total measurement time and effective homonuclear decoupling. After each excitation, all data points from N(GE) k(x)-k(y)-slices at different k(omega)-values are acquired by using a gradient and spin echo (GRASE) imaging sequence. The delay between consecutive gradient echoes, which are measured with uniform phase encoding between consecutive refocusing alpha-pulses, is the inverse of the spectral width (SW). A refocusing 180 degrees pulse, which is applied within a constant delay between excitation and the GRASE sequence, is shifted in a series of measurements by an increment N(GE)/(2 * SW) to cover the whole k(omega)-k(x)-k(y)-space. Spectroscopic GRASE was implemented on a 4.7 T imaging system and tested on phantoms and normal rat brain in vivo. Measurements were performed with a nominal voxel size of 1.5 x 1.5 x 3 mm(3) and a spatial 64 x 64 matrix. The total measurement time was 2 or 4 min using a repetition time of 1.9 sec, 96 chemical shift encoding steps, SW = 800 Hz, N(GE) = 3, and 2 or 4 accumulations.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Rhizobium sin-1 Lipid A Derivatives (2003)

A highly convergent strategy for the synthesis of several derivatives of the lipid A of Rhizobium sin-1 has been developed. The approach employed the advanced intermediate 3-O-acetyl-6-O-(3-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-beta-d-glucopyrano-syl)-2-azido-4-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-1-thio-alpha-d-glucopyranoside (5), which is protected in such a way that the anomeric center, the C-2 and C-2' amino groups, and the C-3 and C-3' hydroxyls can be selectively functionalized. The synthetic strategy was used for the preparation of 2-deoxy-6-O-[2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-3-hydroxy-hexadecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-octacosanoyloxy-hexadecan]amido-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-2-[(R)-3-hydroxy-hexadecan]amido-3-O-[(R)-3-hydroxy-hexadecanoyl]-alpha-d-glucopyranose (11) and 2-deoxy-6-O-[2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-3-hydroxy-hexadecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-octacosanoyloxy-hexadecan]amido-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-2-[(R)-3-hydroxy-hexadecan]amido-3-O-[(R)-3-hydroxy-hexadecanoyl]-d-glucono-1,5-lactone (13), which contain an unusual octacosanoic acid moiety and differ in the oxidation state of the anomeric center. The results of biological studies indicate that 11 and 13 lack the proinflammatory effects of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Furthermore, 13 emulated the ability of heterogeneous R. sin-1 LPS to antagonize enteric LPS, providing evidence for the critical role of the gluconolactone moiety of R. sin-1 LPS in mediating this antagonistic effect. Compound 13 is the first example of a lipid A derivative that is devoid of phosphate but possesses antagonistic properties, making it an attractive lead compound for development of a drug to use in the treatment of Gram-negative septicemia.
Hemodynamic Effects of the Concomitant Use of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping and Venoarterial Bypass without Oxygenation in Cardiogenic Shock (1978)

The concomitant use of INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON PUMPING (IABP) and venoarterial bypass (VAB) without oxygenation (VABsO) was performed in 10 experiments using 6 dogs in cardiogenic shock. VABsO was accomplished with the cricuit from the right atrium to the femoral artery and bypass flow rates were set at approximately one third of the baseline cardiac output. Displacement volume of the IABP balloon was 10 or 20 ml. Evaluation of hemodynamic effects of the concomitant use was carried out, as compared with the single use of IABP or VABsO. The following findings were obtained: (1) In the concomitant use, left ventricular afterload decreased, while mean aortic root pressure increased. Increase in total perfusion flow, decrease in mean left atrial pressure and decrease in left ventricular stroke work were shown more effective than each of the single uses. (2) These results suggest that the concomitant use of IABP and VABsO can be used as a second step assisted circulation when IABP is shown uneffective in the case of severe cardiogenic shock.
High‐dose escitalopram in the treatment of binge‐eating disorder with obesity: a placebo‐controlled monotherapy trial (2007)

High-dose escitalopram was not efficacious in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms of BED, but was efficacious in reducing weight and global severity of illness. No definitive conclusions about its efficacy in reducing binge-eating frequency could be drawn due to limitations related to statistical power.
Preliminary study of the safety and efficacy of SC-58635, a novel cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor: Efficacy and safety in two placebo-controlled trials in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and studies of gastrointestinal and platelet effects (1998)

SC-58635 achieves analgesic and antiinflammatory efficacy in arthritis through selective COX-2 inhibition, without showing any evidence of 2 of the toxic effects of COX-1 inhibition associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
Nicotine Inhibits Amyloid Formation by the β-Peptide (1996)

The 42-residues beta-(1-42) peptide is the major protein component of amyloid plaque cores in Alzheimer's disease. In aqueous solution at physiological pH, the synthetic beta-(1-42) peptide readily aggregates and precipitates as oligomeric beta-sheet structures, a process that occurs during amyloid formation in Alzheimer's disease. Using circular dichroism (CD) and ultraviolet spectroscopic techniques, we show that nicotine, a major component in cigarette smoke, inhibits amyloid formation by the beta-(1-42) peptide. The related compound cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine in humans, also slows down amyloid formation, but to a lesser extent than nicotine. In contrast, control substances pyridine and N-methylpyrrolidine accelerate the aggregation process. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies demonstrate that nicotine binds to the 1-28 peptide region when folded in an alpha-helical conformation. On the basis of chemical shift data, the binding primarily involves the N-CH3 and 5'CH2 pyrrolidine moieties of nicotine and the histidine residues of the peptide. The binding is in fast exchange, as shown by single averaged NMR peaks and the lack of nuclear Overhauser enhancement data between nicotine and the peptide in two-dimensional NOESY spectra. A mechanism is proposed, whereby nicotine retards amyloidosis by preventing an alpha-helix-->beta-sheet conformational transformation that is important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Crystal Cs2Al2(B3O6)2O: A Benign Member of the Sr2Be2(BO3)2O Family with [Al2(B3O6)2O]2− Double Layers (2018)

For the explorations of deep ultraviolet (DUV) nonlinear optical (NLO) borates, a type of important optoelectronic material, the (BO<sub>3</sub> )<sup>3-</sup> group has been long regarded as the sole microscopic optically-active unit, and toxic Be-containing raw materials are frequently-adopted. Herein, a new DUV NLO crystal, Cs<sub>2</sub> Al<sub>2</sub> (B<sub>3</sub> O<sub>6</sub> )<sub>2</sub> O (CABO), was designed and synthesized by simultaneously replacing the (BO<sub>3</sub> )<sup>3-</sup> groups and Be<sup>2+</sup> cations for (B<sub>3</sub> O<sub>6</sub> )<sup>3-</sup> units and Al<sup>3+</sup> cations in Sr<sub>2</sub> Be<sub>2</sub> (BO<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> O, which possesses a favorable structure, through a chemical co-substitution approach. CABO exhibits a considerable DUV NLO capability because of the wide band gap and large birefringence originating from the [Al<sub>2</sub> (B<sub>3</sub> O<sub>6</sub> )<sub>2</sub> O]<sup>2-</sup> double layers. Remarkably, CABO melts congruently and does not contain the toxic beryllium, which is favorable for bulk-size crystal growth and practical applications.
Role of Cytokines and CD4+ T‐Cell Subsets in the Regulation of Parasite Immunity and Disease (1989)

CD4+ T cells have been separated into two subsets, designated TH1 and TH2, based upon the repertoire of lymphokines that they produce following stimulation. We have analyzed the role of these T-cell subsets in two chronic parasitic infections, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis. In both diseases, we found a strong association with TH1 stimulation and protection, and TH2 stimulation and immunopathology. In addition, certain parasite antigens appeared to be strongly linked with either TH1 or TH2 cell development. This led to the establishment of protective T-cell lines and clones in a L. major model, from which we identified a new candidate antigen for vaccination against Leishmania parasites. Moreover, we show that protection against L. major infection can be significantly augmented by coadministration of IFN-gamma with antigen, a lymphokine known to inhibit TH2 cell proliferation. In S. mansoni-infected mice, animals with a patent infection exhibit an overwhelming TH2 response, while animals protectively immunized with irradiated cercariae preferentially produce IFN-gamma, a lymphokine associated with TH1 cell stimulation. In addition, we show that ablation of schistosome-induced eosinophilia by in vivo anti-IL-5 monoclonal treatment fails to reduce the protection induced by irradiated cercariae. Similarly, anti-IL-5 treatment resulted in egg-induced granulomas nearly devoid of eosinophils, but only caused a marginal reduction in granuloma size. These results demonstrate that an understanding of the factors controlling TH1 and TH2 development will significantly facilitate the identification and development of vaccines for parasitic infections.
Fusions of the lac and trp Regions of the Escherichia coli Chromosome (1970)

Two classes of strains were studied in which the lac operon is transposed to a chromosomal site close to the tonB and trp loci. The two classes differ in the orientation of the lac region on the chromosome. In both types of strains, tonB mutants were selected in which deletions removing the tonB locus also caused a fusion of the lac and trp regions. The study of the properties of such fusion strains provides information on the control of both the lac and trp operons.