gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transition state stabilization by a phylogenetically conserved tyrosine residue in methionyl-tRNA synthetase. (1991)

The crystal structure of a fully biologically active monomeric form of Escherichia coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) complexed with ATP has recently been reported (Brunie, S., Zelwer, C., and Risler, J.-L., (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 216, 411-424), revealing details of the active site of the enzyme, including the location of amino acid residues potentially involved in substrate binding. In the present paper, the role of 3 active site residues in interaction with methionine, ATP, and tRNA(fMet) and in catalysis of methionyl-adenylate has been explored using site-directed mutagenesis. Lys142 is located near the ribose of ATP in the MetRS.ATP cocrystal. Mutation of this residue to Ala caused a 5-fold decrease in kcat/Km for ATP-PPi exchange, indicating some contribution of the lysine side chain to the specificity of the enzyme. Mutation of Tyr359 to Ala produced a 14-fold increase in the Km for ATP with only a small (2-3-fold) change in the other kinetic parameters, indicating that the major role of this residue is in formation of the initial complex with ATP and/or in stabilization of the methionyl-adenylate reaction intermediate. Mutation of the adjacent residue Tyr358 to Ala had no effect on the Km values for methionine or ATP but produced nearly a 2000-fold decrease in the rate of ATP-PPi exchange. This mutation also dramatically reduced the rate of pyrophosphorolysis of the isolated MetRS.Met-AMP complex on addition of pyrophosphate without increasing the Km for PPi. None of the mutations affected the Km for tRNAfMet in the aminoacylation reaction. The results suggest that Tyr358 may enhance the rate of methionyl-adenylate formation by binding to the alpha-phosphate of ATP in the transition state. Interaction of Tyr358 and Tyr359 with ATP during the course of the reaction requires a significant change in the conformation of this region of the active site compared to the structure found in the MetRS.ATP complex. Such a shift is consistent with an induced-fit mechanism for methionine activation. Primary sequence comparisons of methionine-specific enzymes from yeast and bacterial sources reveals that Tyr358 is conserved in all of the known MetRS sequences.
A high power radio frequency transformer for plasma production in a toroidal plasma source (1998)

A high power rf transformer has been developed and implemented for the purpose of plasma production in a toroidal plasma source, PLADEPUS (plasma deposition at the University of Sydney), which is designed for plasma processing experiments. The plasma can be generated, either in a pulsed or a continuous mode, at electron densities up to about 1013 cm−3. The results show that rf power can be efficiently transferred to the plasma through the magnetic coupling of the transformer ferrite core.
<title>Optics and photonics used in road transportation</title> (1998)

Photonics is ideal for precise, remote and contactless measurements in harsh conditions. Thanks to major breakthroughs in the technologies involved, optical sensing is becoming more compact, robust and affordable. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview on the capabilities of photonics applied to road transportation problems. In particular we will consider four types of situations: (1) measurements for traffic analysis and surveillance, (2) measurements for road infrastructures diagnosis and quality assessment, (3) photonics in smart driving and intelligent vehicles and (4) measurements for other purposes (safety, inventories, tolls etc.). These topics will be discussed and illustrated by using the results of different projects that have been carried out at INO over the last few years. We will look at different challenges we had to face such as performing sensitive optical measurements in various outdoor illumination conditions and performing fast and accurate measurements without interfering with normal road traffic flow.
Regulation of proliferation of the fetal myocardium (2000)

Growth of the myocardium involves the completion of a fixed number of rounds of cell division during the embryonic and fetal stages followed by entry into a postmitotic state and hypertrophy of the postmitotic cardiomyocytes during the later stages of heart growth. It has been suggested that at the time of its determination in the early embryo, the embryonic myocardium is programmed for a fixed and limited number of cell divisions, after which the transition to the postmitotic state occurs autonomously. The proliferative response of cultured myocardium of the fetal chick was explored in four culture settings: monolayer cell culture, collagen lattice culture, organ culture of reaggregated cardiomyocyte tissue (cardiomyocyte spheroid culture), and organ culture of pieces of the ventricle wall. Several growth factors were identified by their ability to stimulate DNA synthesis in cardiomyocytes, identified by the incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). The serine proteases thrombin and trypsin, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), and insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) all show growth factor activity but only for cardiomyocytes cultured in three-dimensional myocardial tissue, and not for cardiomyocytes maintained in monolayer cell culture. Thus, during its proliferation phase, the growth of the fetal myocardium is not controlled solely by internal, cell-autonomous programs, but is subject to external regulation by a family of peptide growth factors. The unconventional setting of three-dimensional culture of the myocardium is required to demonstrate its responsiveness to growth factor challenge.
Control of Multivalent Interactions by Binding Epitope Density (2002)

Receptor clustering by multivalent ligands can activate signaling pathways. In principle, multivalent ligand features can control clustering and the downstream signals that result, but the influence of ligand structure on these processes is incompletely understood. Using a series of synthetic polymers that vary systematically, we studied the influence of multivalent ligand binding epitope density on the clustering of a model receptor, concanavalin A (Con A). We analyze three aspects of receptor clustering: the stoichiometry of the complex, rate of cluster formation, and receptor proximity. Our experiments reveal that the density of binding sites on a multivalent ligand strongly influences each of these parameters. In general, high binding epitope density results in greater numbers of receptors bound per polymer, faster rates of clustering, and reduced inter-receptor distances. Ligands with low binding epitope density, however, are the most efficient on a binding epitope basis. Our results provide insight into the design of ligands for controlling receptor−receptor interactions and can be used to illuminate mechanisms by which natural multivalent displays function.
Novel germline mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in a child with incidentally discovered adrenal cortical carcinoma. (1994)

A novel germline p53 mutation was identified by investigation of a sibling pair with cancers associated with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome in a family with an otherwise negative history for cancer. The implications of this case for identification of carriers of p53 germline mutations and their clinical management are discussed.
Retention of Basic Trauma Life Support Skills (1990)

Abstract The Basic Trauma Life Support (BTLS) course was developed to teach prehospital providers a rapid, prioritized approach to assess and manage the trauma victim. Little data currently are available relative to the retention of the cognitive and psychomotor skilk taught in the course. To examine this question, thirteen paramedics were retested on identically moulaged trauma scenarios and written examinations 14–16 months after initial training in BTLS. No advanced notification of the re-test was given. Written test scores decreased from an initial mean of 93.0±6.6 to a mean of 64.9±11.8 (p&lt;0.001) 14–16 months later. Similarly, the trauma scenario test scores declined from 71.6±10.4 to 61.3±16.2 (p&lt;0.05). The results suggest that there is significant loss of both didactic information and practical skills from the BTLS course 14–16 months after training. Frequent BTLS refresher training in the form of supplemental readings, lectures, and repeated exposures to trauma simulations is needed.
Trimethyl- and trichlorosilylcobalt tetracarbonyls and the hydrosilation of ethylene (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrimethyl- and trichlorosilylcobalt tetracarbonyls and the hydrosilation of ethyleneYvonne L. Baay and Alan G. MacDiarmidCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1969, 8, 4, 986–994Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50074a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50074a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Depth-Image Compression Based on an R-D Optimized Quadtree Decomposition for the Transmission of Multiview Images (2007)

This paper presents a novel depth-image coding algorithm that concentrates on the special characteristics of depth images: smooth regions delineated by sharp edges. The algorithm models these smooth regions using piecewise-linear functions and sharp edges by a straight line. To define the area of support for each modeling function, we employ a quadtree decomposition that divides the image into blocks of variable size, each block being approximated by one modeling function containing one or two surfaces. The subdivision of the quadtree and the selection of the type of modeling function is optimized such that a global rate-distortion trade-off is realized. Additionally, we present a predictive coding scheme that improves the coding performance of the quadtree decomposition by exploiting the correlation between each block of the quadtree. Experimental results show that the described technique improves the resulting quality of compressed depth images by 1.5-4 dB when compared to a JPEG-2000 encoder.
Breaking for commercials (2012)

Mobile phones and tablets can be considered as the first incarnation of the post-PC era. Their explosive adoption rate has been driven by a number of factors, with the most signifcant influence being applications (apps) and app markets. Individuals and organizations are able to develop and publish apps, and the most popular form of monetization is mobile advertising.
The Effects of Protein Stabilizers on Aggregation Induced by Multiple-Stresses (2003)

A successful development of therapeutic proteins requires a formulation optimal for long-term storage of the proteins. During storage and shipment, proteins are subjected to multiple stresses. Here we show that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) readily aggregates upon exposure to mechanical stress such as agitation and elevated temperature at 37 degrees C. Sucrose and lysine or arginine protect CNTF from heat stress, while detergents such as Tween20 and organic solvents such as propylene glycol (PG) are effective against agitation. Combination of the amino acids and PG protected the protein from both stresses. The results suggest the importance of combining additives, against multiple stresses, which may have negative as well as positive influence individually against one particular stress.
CD27/CD70 interaction directly induces natural killer cell killing activity (1996)

The CD27 molecule is expressed on a portion of natural killer (NK) cells as well as T and B cells. To provide the functional capacity of CD27 molecule on NK cells, we here highly purified CD3- CD56+ NK cells by flow cytometry (purity > 98%), and investigated their NK cell activity via CD27/CD70 interaction using a CD70-transfectant by a 4 h 51Cr-release assay. The enhancement of NK activity by purified NK cells in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interleukin-12 (IL-12) against CD70/Nalm-6 was not recognized as compared to against mock/Nalm-6. However, after a coculture with the fixed CD70/300-19, the purified NK cells increased the NK cell activity against K562, the value being 10 to 20% higher than coculture with the mock/300-19 in the presence of IL-2 or IL-12. The enhancement of NK activity was blocked by the addition of anti-CD70 monoclonal antibody (mAb). In addition, conjugation of NK cells to the target was increased by coculture with the CD70/300-19 without increased expression of adhesion molecules. In the parallel experiment, there was no increase in the killing capacity of NK cells. These results strongly show that CD27/CD70 interaction directly enhances NK activity in the presence of IL-2 or IL-12 by increasing the effector and target conjugate formation, indicating that CD27/CD70 interaction plays an important role in the cytotoxic function of NK cells.
Genetic and Hormonal Risk Factors in Breast Cancer (2000)

Breast cancer poses a serious public health problem, and it is hoped that identification of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of breast cancer will enhance prevention efforts. Two breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) have been identified, and germline mutations in these genes are thought to account for between 5% and 10% of all breast cancer cases. Current findings suggest that mutations in other highly penetrant genes may play an important role in breast cancer susceptibility, and studies aimed at the isolation of these genes are under way. In addition, common variants in a number of gene classes are thought to act as low-penetrance susceptibility alleles, and efforts to identify and characterize these variants are under way. This review discusses the genetic components of susceptibility to breast cancer from the standpoint of both human genetics and rat models.
Compressive sensing based channel feedback protocols for spatially-correlated massive antenna arrays (2012)

Incorporating wireless transceivers with numerous antennas (such as Massive-MIMO) is a prospective way to increase the link capacity or enhance the energy efficiency of future communication systems. However, the benefits of such approach can be realized only when proper channel information is available at the transmitter. Since the amount of the channel information required by the transmitter is large with so many antennas, the feedback is arduous in practice, especially for frequency division duplexing (FDD) systems. This paper proposes channel feedback reduction techniques based on the theory of compressive sensing, which permits the transmitter to obtain channel information with acceptable accuracy under substantially reduced feedback load. Furthermore, by leveraging properties of compressive sensing, we present two adaptive feedback protocols, in which the feedback content can be dynamically configured based on channel conditions to improve the efficiency.
DNS Server MIB Extensions (1994)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
Significance of Algal Excretory Products for Growth of Epilimnetic Bacteria (1984)

Light-stimulated uptake of CO(2) and differential filtration through Nucleopore filters were used to estimate the significance of phytoplankton excretion as a source of bacterial carbon in water samples collected at different seasons of the year in Lake Mendota, Wis. On an annual basis, about 14% of the estimated bacterial production was accounted for by algal excretion, although at certain times of year the fraction of bacterial carbon derived from algal excretion was considerably higher. About 20% of the annual primary production was estimated to pass through the bacterial component.
Normal CD40-mediated activation of monocytes and dendritic cells from patients with hyper-IgM syndrome due to a CD40 pathway defect in B cells (1998)

Patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome [CD40 ligand (CD40L) deficiency] are prone to infections by intracellular parasites. It has been suggested that this susceptibility is caused by defective macrophage activation through the CD40L-CD40 pathway. We studied the CD40-mediated activation of monocytes and dendritic cells from patients affected with a CD40L+ hyper-IgM syndrome characterized by a defect of B lymphocyte responses to CD40 agonists. We show that the CD40-induced production of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha by monocytes, and IL-12 by dendritic cells, and expression of the activation markers CD83, the costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD80, and HLA-DR antigens were all similar in patient and control cells. This observation is consistent with the clinical characteristics of the syndrome: a defect of immunoglobulin switch but no susceptibility to opportunistic infections, as observed in CD40L-deficient patients. These observations suggest that CD40-mediated activation pathways could be, at least in part, different in B and monocytic/dendritic cell lineages.
Calibration of rectangular atomic force microscope cantilevers (1999)

A method to determine the spring constant of a rectangular atomic force microscope cantilever is proposed that relies solely on the measurement of the resonant frequency and quality factor of the cantilever in fluid (typically air), and knowledge of its plan view dimensions. This method gives very good accuracy and improves upon the previous formulation by Sader et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 3789 (1995)] which, unlike the present method, requires knowledge of both the cantilever density and thickness.
Mobility Shift DNA‐Binding Assay Using Gel Electrophoresis (1996)

The DNA-binding assay using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) provides a simple, rapid, and extremely sensitive method for detecting sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. Proteins that bind specifically to an end-labeled DNA fragment retard the mobility of the fragment during electrophoresis, resulting in discrete bands corresponding to the individual protein-DNA complexes. The assay described in this unit can be used to test binding of purified proteins or of uncharacterized factors found in crude extracts. This assay also permits quantitative determination of the affinity, abundance, association rate constants, dissociation rate constants, and binding specificity of DNA-binding proteins. Three additional protocols describe a competition assay using unlabeled competitor DNA, an antibody supershift assay, and multicomponent gel shift assays.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress response in an INS-1 pancreatic β-cell line with inducible expression of a folding-deficient proinsulin (2010)

The inducible mutant insulin expressing cell model has allowed for the identification of the ER stress response in beta-cells and the repertoire of genes/proteins induced is unique to this cell type. ER-associated degradation is essential in maintaining cell survival in cells expressing mutant insulin. This cell model will be useful for the molecular characterization of ER stress-induced genes.
Generating stable chinese hamster ovary cell clones to produce a truncated SARS‐CoV spike protein for vaccine development (2010)

The spike (S) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is important for vaccine development. S(TR2) (an 88 kDa truncated SARS-CoV TW1 S protein carrying the S fragments S-74-253, S-294-739, and S-1129-1255) is capable of expressing a major form of glycoprotein as endo H-sensitive (∼115 kDa) in CHO cells. To establish stable expressing cell clones, we transfected CHO/dhFr-cells with the amplifiable vectors ISID (IRES-driven dhfr) and ISIZ (SV40-driven dhfr) to select stepwise MTX, and observed enhanced ∼115 kDa glycoform generation through gene amplification. Following stepwise MTX selection, we compared gene amplification levels between two vectors in engineered CHO cell chromosomes. These results confirm that the IRES-driven dhfr promoter generates greater gene amplification, which in turn enhances S(TR2) expression. Our results indicate that the ∼115 kDa glycoform of S(TR2) protein was capable of increasing after gene amplification. The S(TR2) glycoform did not change between suspension and serum-free cultures, suggesting that the stable and amplified cell clones analyzed in this study have potential for producing homologous S(TR2) on a large scale.
Die Stacking is Happening in Mainstream Computin (2014)

Die stacking has proven effective in MEMs and FPGA solutions but has yet to impact mainstream computing CPUs and GPUs. This talk will walk through how die stacking will enter mainstream computing and how it will change the industry in the future Operating 100kV downhole neutron tube power supplies at temperatures above 150 °C yield low operating efficiency due to excessive diode leakage in the series Cockroft - Walton multipliers typically used. Such circuits are usually limited to less than twelve stages due to N3 voltage regulation effects resulting in immoderate potentials across the switching rectifiers. This paper discusses the merits of using parallel multipliers with 30 stages or more to achieve higher conversion efficiencies at elevated temperatures in tools with 1.3 inch (32mm) diameters. By minimizing the per-stage voltage, definite improvements are realized due to reductions in reverse current leakage per device. Efficiencies of up to 50% may be achieved at 175 °C operating temperature by this technique. In addition, ripple voltages present on the output are not a function of the number of multiplying stages in parallel designs.