gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WST11, A Novel Water-Soluble Bacteriochlorophyll Derivative; Cellular uptake, Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution, and Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Activity Against Melanoma tumors (2004)

WST11 is a novel negatively charged water-soluble palladium-bacteriochlorophyll derivative that was developed for vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) in our laboratory. The in vitro results suggest that WST11 cellular uptake, clearance and phototoxicity are mediated by serum albumin trafficking. In vivo, WST11 was found to clear rapidly from the circulation (t1/2=1.65 min) after intravenous bolus injection in the mouse, whereas a longer clearance time (t1/2=7.5 min) was noted in rats after 20 min of infusion. The biodistribution of WST11 in mouse tissues indicates hepatic clearance (t1/2=20 min), with minor (kidney, lung and spleen) or no intermediary accumulation in other tissues. As soon as 1 h after injection, WST11 had nearly cleared from the body of the mouse, except for a temporal accumulation in the lungs from which it cleared within 40 min. On the basis of these results, we set the VTP protocol for a short illumination period (5 min), delivered immediately after WST11 injection. On subjecting M2R melanoma xenografts to WST11-VTP, we achieved 100% tumor flattening at all doses and a 70% cure with 9 mg/kg and a light exposure dose of 100 mW/cm2. These results provide direct evidence that WST11 is an effective agent for VTP and provide guidelines for further development of new candidates.
Executing SQL over encrypted data in the database-service-provider model (2002)

Rapid advances in networking and Internet technologies have fueled the emergence of the "software as a service" model for enterprise computing. Successful examples of commercially viable software services include rent-a-spreadsheet, electronic mail services, general storage services, disaster protection services. "Database as a Service" model provides users power to create, store, modify, and retrieve data from anywhere in the world, as long as they have access to the Internet. It introduces several challenges, an important issue being data privacy. It is in this context that we specifically address the issue of data privacy.There are two main privacy issues. First, the owner of the data needs to be assured that the data stored on the service-provider site is protected against data thefts from outsiders. Second, data needs to be protected even from the service providers, if the providers themselves cannot be trusted. In this paper, we focus on the second challenge. Specifically, we explore techniques to execute SQL queries over encrypted data. Our strategy is to process as much of the query as possible at the service providers' site, without having to decrypt the data. Decryption and the remainder of the query processing are performed at the client site. The paper explores an algebraic framework to split the query to minimize the computation at the client site. Results of experiments validating our approach are also presented.
The Solubility of Amino Acids and Two Glycine Peptides in Aqueous Ethanol and Dioxane Solutions (1971)

The solubilities of amino acids, diglycine, and triglycine have been measured in water and aqueous ethanol as well as dioxane solutions. Free energies of transfer of amino acid side chains and backbone peptide units from water to ethanol and dioxane solutions have been calculated from these data. The results show the similarity between the effects of ethanol and dioxane on the stability of those side chains and peptide units. In particular, the free energies of transfer of hydrophobic side chains to 100% ethanol and dioxane are essentially identical, and have been used to establish a hydrophobicity scale for hydrophobic side chains.
Specificity of fungal lipase in hydrolytic cleavage of oil. (1987)

Lipase isolated from the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini has shown specificity to saturated acids. In vitro hydrolytic splitting of cotton seed, ground-nut and fungal (F. oxysporum) oil substrates by the enzyme preparation from this fungus, revealed preferential fatty acid specificity. The enzyme attacked the triglyceride molecule, liberating 90-97% of saturated fatty acids, irrespective of length of the carbon chain.
Highly efficient gene knockout in mice and zebrafish with RNA-guided endonucleases (2013)

RNA-guided endonucleases (RGENs), derived from the prokaryotic Type II CRISPR-Cas system, enable targeted genome modification in cells and organisms. Here we describe the establishment of gene-knockout mice and zebrafish by the injection of RGENs as Cas9 protein:guide RNA complexes or Cas9 mRNA plus guide RNA into one-cell-stage embryos of both species. RGENs efficiently generated germline transmittable mutations in up to 93% of newborn mice with minimal toxicity. RGEN-induced mutations in the mouse Prkdc gene that encodes an enzyme critical for DNA double-strand break repair resulted in immunodeficiency both in F₀ and F₁ mice. We propose that RGEN-mediated mutagenesis in animals will greatly expedite the creation of genetically engineered model organisms, accelerating functional genomic research.
<SUP>11</SUP>C-MCG: Synthesis, Uptake Selectivity, and Primate PET of a Probe for Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II (NAALADase) (2002)

Imaging of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP II), also known as N-acetylated alpha-linked L-amino dipeptidase (NAALADase), may enable study of glutamatergic transmission, prostate cancer, and tumor neovasculature in vivo. Our goal was to develop a probe for GCP II for use with positron emission tomography (PET). Radiosynthesis of 11C-MeCys-C(O)-Glu or 11C-(S)-2-[3-((R)-1-carboxy-2-methylsulfanyl-ethyl)-ureido]-pentanedioic acid (11C-MCG), an asymmetric urea and potent (Ki = 1.9 nM) inhibitor of GCP II, was performed by C-11 methylation of the free thiol. Biodistribution of 11C-MCG was assayed in mice, and quantitative PET was performed in a baboon. 11C-MCG was obtained in 16% radiochemical yield at the end of synthesis with specific radioactivities over 167 GBq/mmol (4000 Ci/mmol) within 30 min after the end of bombardment. At 30 min postinjection, 11C-MCG showed 33.0 +/- 5.1%, 0.4 +/- 0.1%, and 1.1 +/- 0.2% ID/g in mouse kidney (target tissue), muscle, and blood, respectively. Little radioactivity gained access to the brain. Blockade with unlabeled MCG or 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid (PMPA), another potent inhibitor of GCP II, provided sevenfold and threefold reductions, respectively, in binding to target tissue. For PET, distribution volumes (DVs) were 1.38 then 0.87 pre- and postblocker (PMPA). Little metabolism of 11C-MCG occurred in the mouse or baboon. These results suggest that 11C-MCG may be useful for imaging GCP II in the periphery.
Processing of preceramic paper and ceramic green tape derived multilayer structures (2013)

Multilayer laminates with gradients in material composition and porosity were fabricated by the combination of ZrO2, Al2O3–ZrO2 and Al2O3–MgAl2O4 preceramic papers with MgO–MgAl2O4, Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 ceramic green tapes. A ZrO2–loaded adhesive based on an aqueous dispersion of copolymerised polyvinyl acetate served as the interface adhesive. The shrinkage behaviour of the individual layers was adapted by combining coarse and fine grained ceramic powders in order to avoid crack formation and delamination during firing. Defect-free multilayer laminates were obtained after sintering at 1700°C for 5 h which offer a high potential for application in refractory functional components.
Permanent Magnet Reluctance Actuators for Vibration Testing (2013)

Magnetic reluctance actuators exhibit a high force density and energy efficiency. In this thesis a mechatronic design method for magnetic actuators for vibration excitation is developed. Eddy currents are reduced by a lamination of the magnetic circuit thereby enhancing the system dynamics. A reduced order model enables the dynamic simulation of the electromagnetic energy conversion. The presented methods are verified by experiments with two prototype actuators.
Expression of Mouse Interleukin-4 by a Recombinant Ectromelia Virus Suppresses Cytolytic Lymphocyte Responses and Overcomes Genetic Resistance to Mousepox (2001)

Genetic resistance to clinical mousepox (ectromelia virus) varies among inbred laboratory mice and is characterized by an effective natural killer (NK) response and the early onset of a strong CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in resistant mice. We have investigated the influence of virus-expressed mouse interleukin-4 (IL-4) on the cell-mediated response during infection. It was observed that expression of IL-4 by a thymidine kinase-positive ectromelia virus suppressed cytolytic responses of NK and CTL and the expression of gamma interferon by the latter. Genetically resistant mice infected with the IL-4-expressing virus developed symptoms of acute mousepox accompanied by high mortality, similar to the disease seen when genetically sensitive mice are infected with the virulent Moscow strain. Strikingly, infection of recently immunized genetically resistant mice with the virus expressing IL-4 also resulted in significant mortality due to fulminant mousepox. These data therefore suggest that virus-encoded IL-4 not only suppresses primary antiviral cell-mediated immune responses but also can inhibit the expression of immune memory responses.
Long-term Photoepilation Using a Broad-spectrum Intense Pulsed Light Source (2000)

Our data document the long-term clinical efficacy of intense pulsed light source-induced hair removal in light and dark skin phenotypes. Maximal photoepilation was achieved from the initial 1 to 3 treatments; only a small added benefit was seen after more treatments.
The role of Akt activation in the response to chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. (2010)

Basal Akt activity does not appear to be a useful predictor for selection of pancreatic cancers in targeting Akt to broadly induce chemosensitivity.
Secondary structure and topology of human interleukin 4 in solution (1991)

Human interleukin 4 (IL-4) has been studied by 2D and 3D NMR techniques using uniformly 15N-labeled recombinant protein. Assignment of resonances for all but 3 of the 130 residues of the recombinant protein has been achieved, enabling the secondary structure of the protein to be defined. This consists of four major alpha-helical regions and one short section of double-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet. Analysis of distance and angle restraints derived from NMR experiments has enabled the overall molecular topology to be determined. This is related to that found for other four-helix proteins but has several distinctive features including cross-linking of helices by means of three disulfide bonds and a short section of beta-sheet. The structural analysis gives support to the hypothesis that many helical cytokines have a common fold and provides a basis for understanding the biological function of IL-4.
Increasing the chemical potential of the germ-line antibody repertoire. (1993)

To augment the chemical potential of the immunological repertoire, a metal ion-binding light chain has been introduced into the murine genome. Mice containing the transgene were subsequently immunized with a fluorescein conjugate. The transgenic light chain was found at a high frequency in the anti-fluorescein memory B-cell compartment. This general method should be applicable to other cofactors and small molecules and should lead to generation of antibodies with unique catalytic activities.
Activation of the Immune System is the Pivotal Event in the Production of Wasting Disease in Pigs Infected with Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2) (2001)

Porcine circovirus (PCV)-2, a newly described single-stranded circular DNA virus pathogen of swine is the cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In gnotobiotic piglets, PCV-2 infection alone produces asymptomatic infection without evidence of overt PMWS. Gnotobiotic piglets infected with PCV-2 were injected with keyhole limpet hemocyanin in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (KLH/ICFA), and the effects on virus production and development of PMWS were determined. In the first experiment, piglets were injected subcutaneously on the left hip and shoulder, and viral burden was assessed in regional lymph nodes draining the injection sites and in contralateral lymph nodes 13-14 days after infection. Immune activation increased the number of virus antigen-positive cells in draining lymph nodes and increased the amount of infectious virus recovered by 1-4 log10. In a second experiment, the effects of injections of KLH/ICFA with or without concurrent stimulation of peritoneal macrophages by intraperitoneal injections of thioglycollate broth on induction of PMWS was assessed. All immunized piglets developed moderate to severe PMWS, whereas none of the piglets infected with PCV-2 alone developed PMWS. In PMWS-affected piglets, extensive replication of PCV-2 was documented by both immunocytochemistry and quantitative viral titrations. Thus, immune activation is a key component of the pathogenesis of PCV-2-associated PMWS in swine.
Influence of Histologic Subtype of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung on Clinical Presentation, Response to Therapy, and Survival<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref> (1980)

Patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) were histologically subtyped according to the Working Party for Therapy of Lung Cancer classification and were treated with combination chemotherapy. Of the 103 patients studied, 54 had the lymphocyte-like (oat cell) subtype, 41 had the intermediate cell subtype, and 8 had a mixture of the two. No significant difference in initial performance status, extent of disease, chemotherapeutic response rate, or survival (median, 10.2 mo) was noted among the histologic subtypes. When the histologic subtype of the primary biopsy tissue was compared with the subtype of other pathology specimens from the same patient, concordance of subtype was present in 74% of the patients. In the remaining 26%, two or three histologic subtypes were present. This study demonstrates no clinically significant differences among the various histologic subtypes of SCCL in patients extensively staged and treated with aggressive cytotoxic therapy. Because of this and because concurrent biopsy tissues from multiple sites in the same patient may vary in subtype, we conclude that prognostic or therapeutic decisions should not be based on SCCL subtype.
Estrus, Ovulation and Conception following Synchronization with Progesterone, Prostaglandin F2α and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Pony Mares (1977)

In experiment 1, 72 pony mares were assigned randomly to an experiment of 3 × 6 factorial design (four mares/group) in which treatments were: controls, no injections (C); progesterone daily, 50 mg IM, days 0 through 18, plus HCG, 2,000 IU SC, 6 days later (P-HCG); prostaglandin F2α, 1.25 mg IM, days 0 and 18 only, plus HCG, 2,000 IU SC, 6 days following the last PGF2α injection (PGF2α-HCG). Treatments were initiated on day 2 of estrus or days 1, 4, 7, 10 or 13 post-ovulation. There was no significant (P>.05) effect of day of cycle on which treatment began or treatment by day interaction on interval from day 18 to ovulation. Thus, data pooled over days indicated interval to ovulation was shorter (P<.05) for both P-HCG (8.5 ± .4 days, mean ± SE) and PGF2α-HCG (8.9 ± .8) treated mares than controls (12.8 ± 1.4). Although there was no difference between means for both treated groups there was greater variance (P<.01) in interval to ovulation following treatment with PGF2α-HCG than P-HCG. Mean size of largest follicle was greater (P<05) in P-HCG (31.2 ± 2.7 mm) than PGF2α-HCG (22.7 ± 2.5 mm) treated mares; 11 of 21 P-HCG and six of 23 PGF2α-HCG treated mares ovulated within 2 days following HCG. Four of 21 P-HCG and six of 23 PGF2α-HCG treated mares ovulated before HCG treatment. Initial treatment with PGF2α did not result in return to estrus or ovulation before the second PGF2α injection in three of four and one of four mares which were treated on days 1 and 4 post-ovulation, respectively. Results indicate that better synchronization of ovulation occurred after the P-HCG regime than after the PGF2α-HCG regime. In experiment 2, a combination progesterone -PGF2α-HCG regime was followed by a single breeding (SB) or multiple breedings (MB) to determine pregnancy rate. Sixty pony mares were assigned randomly, without regard to stage of the estrous cycle, to three groups (n= 20). Controls were given no injections while treated mares received progesterone (75 mg, IM) for 10 days in addition to PGF2α (1.25 mg, IM) on day 7 during progesterone treatment, and HCG (2,000 IU, SC) 5 days following progesterone. Controls were bred by artificial insemination with 10 ml fresh whole semen every other day while in estrus. Mares in one treated group (MB) were inseminated every other day during the post-treatment estrus, while another group (SB) was inseminated only once one day after HCG. Pregnancy rate following one estrous cycle was not significantly different among the three groups (controls, 64.7%; MB, 57.8%; SB, 40%). The number of inseminations per estrus and per conception, respectively, were controls, 3.9 and6.0;MB, 3.7 and 6.4; and SB, 1 and 2.5.
Molecular targeted photoimmunotherapy for HER2-positive human gastric cancer in combination with chemotherapy results in improved treatment outcomes through different cytotoxic mechanisms (2016)

PIT in combination with 5-FU resulted in enhanced antitumor effects compared to PIT alone for HER2-expressing human gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. This combination photoimmunochemotherapy represents a practical method for treating human gastric cancer and should be investigated further in the clinical setting.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (2006)

Cardiovascular disease occurs in ESRD patients at rates that are far higher than is seen in the general population, and cardiovascular deaths account for the majority of deaths among dialysis patients. Abnormal mineral metabolism is a novel cardiovascular risk factor among dialysis patients. Recently published results demonstrated that even with good control of BP and anemia, conventional hemodialysis is associated with significant left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH); however, daily hemodialysis was associated with a significant reduction in LV mass index (LVMI). Furthermore, it was shown that control of serum phosphorus correlates with the reduction in LVMI. These data suggest a novel mechanism for the deleterious effect of elevated serum phosphorus on cardiovascular outcomes among hemodialysis patients: LVH. Other investigators have noted an association of hyperphosphatemia and LVH; however, this study was the first to demonstrate that improvement in serum phosphorus is associated with reduction in LVM. In addition, it is shown that daily hemodialysis is an effective modality in improving serum phosphorus through significantly improved phosphorus removal. Elevated serum phosphorus leads to vascular calcification, which can lead to LVH by decreasing vascular compliance. However, our study showed an improvement in LVMI during a 12-mo period. Because vascular calcification is unlikely to remit over this time period, it is proposed that serum phosphorus has a reversible, cardiotoxic effect that leads to LVH that can be reversed successfully with good control of serum phosphorus.
Deep Learning for Identifying Metastatic Breast Cancer (2016)

The International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) held a grand challenge to evaluate computational systems for the automated detection of metastatic breast cancer in whole slide images of sentinel lymph node biopsies. Our team won both competitions in the grand challenge, obtaining an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.925 for the task of whole slide image classification and a score of 0.7051 for the tumor localization task. A pathologist independently reviewed the same images, obtaining a whole slide image classification AUC of 0.966 and a tumor localization score of 0.733. Combining our deep learning system's predictions with the human pathologist's diagnoses increased the pathologist's AUC to 0.995, representing an approximately 85 percent reduction in human error rate. These results demonstrate the power of using deep learning to produce significant improvements in the accuracy of pathological diagnoses.
Enzymatically Crosslinked Dextran-Tyramine Hydrogels as Injectable Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering (2010)

Enzymatic crosslinking of dextran-tyramine (Dex-TA) conjugates in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide was successively applied in the preparation of hydrogels. Depending on the molecular weight of the dextran (M(n,) (GPC) of 14000 or 31000 g/mol) and the degree of substitution (of 5, 10, or 15) with TA groups, the gelation times ranged from 20 s to 1 min. Hydrogels prepared from Dex31k-TA with a degree of substitution of 10 had storage moduli up to 60 kPa. Similar values were found when chondrocytes were incorporated into the hydrogels. Chondrocyte-seeded Dex-TA hydrogels were prepared at a molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide/TA of 0.2 and cultured in a chondrocyte medium. A live-dead assay and a methylthiazol tetrazolium assay revealed that almost all chondrocytes retained their viability after 2 weeks. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the encapsulated chondrocytes were capable of maintaining their round shape. Histology and immunofluorescent staining demonstrated the production of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen type II after culturing for 14 and 21 days. Biochemical analysis showed that GAG accumulation increased with time inside Dex-TA hydrogels. Besides, GAG/DNA for Dex-TA hydrogels was higher than that for agarose at day 28. These results indicate that Dex-TA hydrogels are promising 3D scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
Water-Soluble Organometallic Compounds. 7.1Further Studies of 1,3,5-Triaza-7-Phosphaadamantane Derivatives of Group 10 Metals, Including Metal Carbonyls and Hydrides (1999)

The syntheses of Ni(PTA)4 (5), Pd(PTA)4 (6), and Pt(PTA)4 (8) are accomplished through the reduction of the MIICl2 salts in water with excess 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA). The products are obtained as partially protonated derivatives with protonation occurring at the nitrogen atoms of the bound PTA ligands. Crystal structures illustrating the monoprotonated and bis-protonated derivatives of 8, [Pt(PTA)3(PTAH)][Cl] (1S) and [Pt(PTA)2(PTAH)2][BF4]2 (2S), are reported. The crystal structure of an intermediate along the reduction pathway, [PdCl(PTA)3][Cl] (7), is also presented, showing a trans influence whereby the Pd−P bond length trans to the Cl- ligand is shorter, 2.238(3) Å, than the average Pd−P bond length cis to the Cl- ligand, 2.334(2) Å. Complex 8 is also protonated at the metal center to form [(H)Pt(PTA)4][X], where X = Cl-, BF4-, HCO3-, and C3H5CO2-, through the addition of weak acids such as CO2/H2O, NH4Cl, PTAH+Cl-, HPy+BF4-, and crotonic acid. Addition of strong acids such as HCl or HBF4 results in protonation at the PTA ligands. Thereby, the Pt metal center is shown to have a pKa between 7.44 and 9.25. The bound PTA ligands on complex 8 have a pKa below 4.69 but above 2.12. Ni(CO)4-n(PTA)n derivatives are also reported for n = 3 (9), 2 (10), and 1 (11). Using IR data of 11, PTA is determined to have an electronic parameter (χ) as defined by Tolman to be 15.3 cm-1, indicating PTA to be slightly less donating than PPh3, where χ = 12.8 cm-1. Complex 10 is crystallized out of a MeOH/ether solution maintained at −15 °C and characterized by X-ray crystallography. It is a distorted tetrahedron and has a crystallographically determined Tolman cone angle of PTA of 103°. Monitored reactions of Ni(PTA)4 with CO in water via in situ IR techniques show that the rate observed for the dissociation of PTA to provide Ni(CO)(PTA)3 is 7.92 × 10-4 s-1 at 20 °C. This rate, along with 31P NMR results, indicates that the M0(PTA)4 complexes exhibit little dissociation and slow exchange of the bound PTA ligands.