gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Tumor Suppressor Adenomatous Polyposis Coli and Caudal Related Homeodomain Protein Regulate Expression of Retinol Dehydrogenase L (2004)

Development of normal colon epithelial cells proceeds through a systematic differentiation of cells that emerge from stem cells within the base of colon crypts. Genetic mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are thought to cause colon adenoma and carcinoma formation by enhancing colonocyte proliferation and impairing differentiation. We currently have a limited understanding of the cellular mechanisms that promote colonocyte differentiation. Herein, we present evidence supporting a lack of retinoic acid biosynthesis as a mechanism contributing to the development of colon adenomas and carcinomas. Microarray and reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses revealed reduced expression of two retinoid biosynthesis genes: retinol dehydrogenase 5 (RDH5) and retinol dehydrogenase L (RDHL) in colon adenomas and carcinomas as compared with normal colon. Consistent with the adenoma and carcinomas samples, seven colon carcinoma cell lines also lacked expression of RDH5 and RDHL. Assessment of RDH enzymatic activity within these seven cell lines showed poor conversion of retinol into retinoic acid when compared with normal cells such as normal human mammary epithelial cells. Reintroduction of wild type APC into an APC-deficient colon carcinoma cell line (HT29) resulted in increased expression of RDHL without affecting RDH5. APC-mediated induction of RDHL was paralleled by increased production of retinoic acid. Investigations into the mechanism responsible for APC induction of RDHL indicated that beta-catenin fails to repress RDHL. The colon-specific transcription factor CDX2, however, activated an RDHL promoter construct and induced endogenous RDHL. Finally, the induction of RDHL by APC appears dependent on the presence of CDX2. We propose a novel role for APC and CDX2 in controlling retinoic acid biosynthesis and in promoting a retinoid-induced program of colonocyte differentiation.
Decreased E-cadherin expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer. (1994)

Decreased levels of the cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin are associated with loss of differentiation in a number of human carcinomas. However, the value of E-cadherin as a prognostic marker in these cancers is largely undetermined. A previous study of E-cadherin levels in prostate cancer revealed that almost 50% of tumors examined had reduced or absent levels of this protein (Umbas et al., Cancer Res., 52: 5104-5109, 1992). To determine the potential prognostic significance of this finding, prostate cancer specimens from 89 patients were evaluated immunohistochemically for E-cadherin expression, and the results were related to histopathological grade, tumor stage, presence of metastases, and survival. As previously observed, a significant inverse correlation was found between E-cadherin expression and tumor grade. Importantly, we also found significant correlations between E-cadherin expression and tumor stage and overall survival. Sixty-three percent of the tumors that extended beyond the prostate capsule (T3-4) versus 33% of the tumors confined to the prostate (T1-2) had aberrant expression (chi 2 = 8.1, P < 0.005). Seventy-six percent of the primary tumors from patients that presented with metastases showed aberrant staining compared to 32% from patients without metastases (chi 2 = 14.9; P < 0.001). The life table analysis showed a significantly higher survival rate for patients with normal staining compared to patients with aberrant expression (chi 2 = 20.4, P < 0.001 by log rank test). Moreover, abnormal expression of E-cadherin correlated significantly with progression after radical prostatectomy (P < 0.005). These results suggest that E-cadherin expression can serve as a prognostic indicator for the biological potential of prostate cancer.
Octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled-monolayer islands as a self-patterned-mask for HF etching of SiO2 on Si (1998)

Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), self-assembled-monolayer (SAM) grown on SiO2 in the submonolayer region is investigated by atomic force microscope (AFM), which is further applied to SiO2 characterizations technique. OTS-SAM forms characteristic dendrite-shaped islands in its submonolayer region, whose shape and size significantly depend on the surface roughness of SiO2 formed at different temperatures in the range of 700–1100 °C. Moreover, OTS-SAM islands have practical usefulness as a self-patterned-mask for HF etching. When an oxidized Si wafer covered by OTS-SAM islands is dipped into HF, SiO2 in the area uncovered by the islands is selectively removed. This technique is successfully applied for the precise SiO2 thickness measurement in ultrathin (&amp;lt;50 Å) regions by AFM. In addition, this technique enables a simultaneous observation of the morphologies of SiO2 surface and SiO2/Si interface. The result shows, for the first time, the continuity of the steps on SiO2 surface and SiO2/Si interface, indicating no lateral step motion of Si (111) surface during oxidation.
The Epidemiology of Severe Sepsis in Children in the United States (2003)

Despite extensive research into the etiology and treatment of severe sepsis, little is known about its epidemiology in children. We sought to determine the age- and sex-adjusted incidence, outcome, and associated hospital costs of severe sepsis in United States children using 1995 hospital discharge and population data from seven states (24% of the United States population). Of 1,586,253 hospitalizations in children who were 19 years old or less, 9,675 met International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification-based severe sepsis criteria or 42,364 cases of pediatric severe sepsis per year nationally (0.56 cases per 1,000 population per year). The incidence was the highest in infants (5.16 per 1,000), fell dramatically in older children (0.20 per 1,000 in 10 to 14 year olds), and was 15% higher in boys than in girls (0.60 versus 0.52 per 1,000, p < 0.001). Hospital mortality was 10.3%, or 4,383 deaths nationally (6.2 per 100,000 population). Half of the cases had underlying disease (49.0%), and over one-fifth (22.9%) were low-birth-weight newborns. Respiratory infections (37%) and primary bacteremia (25%) were the most common infections. The mean length of stay and cost were 31 days and $40,600, respectively. Estimated annual total costs were 1.97 billion US dollars nationally. Severe sepsis is a significant health problem in children and is associated with the use of extensive healthcare resources. Infants are at highest risk, especially those with a low birth weight.
Electrospun Blends of Gelatin and Gelatin–Dendrimer Conjugates As a Wound-Dressing and Drug-Delivery Platform (2013)

In this work, we report a new nanofiber construct based on electrospun blends of gelatin and gelatin-dendrimer conjugates. Highly branched star-shaped polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G3.5 was covalently conjugated to gelatin via EDC/NHS chemistry. Blends of gelatin and gelatin-dendrimer conjugates mixed with various loading levels of silver acetate (0, 0.83, 1.65, and 3.30% w/w) were successfully electrospun into nanofiber constructs (NCs). The NCs were further converted into semi-interpenetrating networks (sIPNs) with photoreactive polyethylene glycol diacrylate (Mn = 575 g mol(-1)) (PEG DA575). They were characterized in terms of fiber morphology, diameter, pore size, permeability, degradation, and mechanical properties. The resulting sIPN NCs retained nanofiber morphology, possessed similar fiber diameters to counterpart NCs, and gained improved structural stability. The sIPN NCs also showed good swelling capacity owing to porous structures and were permeable to aqueous solutions. Silver-containing sIPN NCs allowed sustained silver release and showed antimicrobial activity against two common types of pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Incorporation of dendrimers into the gelatin nanofibers through covalent conjugation not only expands drug loading capacity of nanofiber constructs but also provides tremendous flexibility for developing multifunctional electrospun dressing materials.
Both transforming growth factor-beta and substrate release are inducers of apoptosis in a human colon adenoma cell line. (1995)

VACO-330, a nontransformed cell line established from a human colon adenoma, undergoes spontaneous apoptosis and shedding of cells into the culture medium. Shed cells were shown to be apoptotic, both by nuclear morphology and by generation of a typical "laddered" pattern of degraded DNA. Quantitation of DNA released into the medium, compared with the amount retained on the plate, demonstrated that 6.2 +/- 1.1% of the total cell mass underwent apoptotic death daily. The addition of transforming growth factor beta (20 ng/ml) accelerated this spontaneous apoptotic rate 3.2-fold. Moreover, apoptosis could be rapidly induced in up to 45% of the VACO-330 cells by using brief exposure to a calcium chelating medium to release the cells from the substratum. We suggest that transforming growth factor beta is a likely physiological regulator of apoptosis during maturation of the colonic epithelial cells. We additionally suggest the existence of an alternate pathway, which at the time of shedding from the crypt induces apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells that have escaped earlier apoptotic signals.
Glued Fixation of Split-Skin Graft to the Bony Orbit Following Exenteration (1985)

A technique is described to fix a split-skin graft to the bony orbit with a new homologous fibrin adhesive system. This shortens the time between the exenteration and the fitting of an epithesis to the bony orbit as compared with the granulation technique or fitting the graft with a prolonged pressure bandage. The advantages and risks connected to the glue system are discussed.
Thrombosis and hemorrage (1998)

Coagulation and fibrinolysis platelets vessel wall experimental models clinical approach to bleeding and thrombosis quantitative platelet disorders qualitative platelet disorders disorders of coagulation factors and fibrinolysis thrombotic disorders other disorders of haemostasis management of bleeding management of thrombosis.
A Unified Approach to Inter-Domain Routing (1992)

This memo is an informational RFC which outlines one potential approach for inter-domain routing in future global internets. The focus is on scalability to very large networks and functionality, as well as scalability, to support routing in an environment of heterogeneous services, requirements, and route selection criteria.
Involvement of Thromboxane and Neutrophils in Multiple-system Organ Edema with Interleukin-2 (1990)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) produces toxicity characterized by generalized edema within 24 hours. This study tests whether the rate of IL-2 administration modulates the onset of edema and examines thromboxane (Tx) and neutrophils as possible mediators of this event. Recombinant human IL-2, 10(5) U (n = 7), 10(6) U (n = 9), or vehicle (n = 8) were given to anesthetized rats intravenously during a period of 1 hour. At 6 hours edema, as measured by increase in wet to dry weight (w/d) ratio, was present in the heart, liver, and kidney, with 10(5) U IL-2 and in the lung, heart, liver and kidney, with 10(6) U IL-2, relative to values with vehicle-infused controls (all p less than 0.05). With a 1-hour infusion of 10(6) U IL-2, there was an increase in plasma thromboxane (Tx)B2 level to 1290 +/- 245 pg/mL, higher than 481 +/- 93 pg/mL in control rats (p less than 0.05); lung polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) sequestration of 53 +/- 7 PMN/10 higher-power fields (HPF) relative to 23 +/- 2 PMN/10 HPF in controls (p less than 0.05); and increased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid protein concentration of 1970 +/- 210 micrograms/mL relative to 460 micrograms/mL in controls (p less than 0.05). When 10(6) U IL-2 was given as a 1-minute intravenous bolus (n = 9), edema was not demonstrated, plasma TxB2 levels were similar to controls, there was no leukosequestration, and BAL protein levels were normal. These data indicate that a constant infusion but not the rapid bolus administration of IL-2 produces in rats multiple-system organ edema, increased plasma TxB2, sequestration of PMNs, and microvascular permeability. These findings may explain the early toxicity seen in patients given high-dose IL-2 in cancer treatment.
Antisweet Natural Products. VI. Jujubasaponins IV, V and VI from Zizyphus jujuba MILL.. (1992)

Three new dammarane saponins, jujubasaponins IV-VI (1-3), in addition to zizyphus saponins I-III (4-6)and jujuboside B (7) have been isolated from the fresh leaves of Zizyphus jujuba MILL. (Rhamnaceae). Their structures were established on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. On the bioassay of the sense of taste, all of them showed antisweet activities.
Immunization with Live Types 7 and 4 Adenovirus Vaccines. I. Safety, Infectivity, Antigenicity, and Potency of Adenovirus Type 7 Vaccine in Humans (1971)

Journal Article Immunization with Live Types 7 and 4 Adenovirus Vaccines. I. Safety, Infectivity, Antigenicity, and Potency of Adenovirus Type 7 Vaccine in Humans Get access Franklin H. Top, Jr., Franklin H. Top, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard A. Grossman, Richard A. Grossman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter J. Bartelloni, Peter J. Bartelloni Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Herbert E. Segal, Herbert E. Segal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Burton A. Dudding, Burton A. Dudding Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Philip K. Russell, Philip K. Russell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward L. Buescher Edward L. Buescher Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 124, Issue 2, August 1971, Pages 148–154, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/124.2.148 Published: 01 August 1971 Article history Received: 25 September 1970 Revision received: 09 December 1970 Published: 01 August 1971
Engineering challenges in biodiesel production from microalgae (2012)

In recent years, the not too distant exhaustion of fossil fuels is becoming apparent. Apart from this, the combustion of fossil fuels leads to environmental concerns, the emission of greenhouse gases and issues with global warming and health problems. Production of biodiesel from microalgae may represent an attractive solution to the above mentioned problems, and can offer a renewable source of fuel with fewer pollutants. This review presents a compilation of engineering challenges related to microalgae as a source of biodiesel. Advantages and current limitations for biodiesel production are discussed; some aspects of algae cells biology, with emphasis on cell wall composition, as it represents a barrier for fatty acid extraction and lipid droplets are also presented. In addition, recent advances in the different stages of the manufacturing process are included, starting from the strain selection and finishing in the processing of fatty acids into biodiesel.
Lithium-Ammonia Reduction of Ephedrine to Methamphetamine: An Unusual Clandestine Synthesis (1990)

Abstract A suspected clandestine methamphetamine laboratory was seized in Vacaville, California. Ephedrine, a precursor for the manufacture of methamphetamine, was discovered at the site. However, the chemicals normally expected to be found at an ephedrine conversion laboratory were not recovered. Other chemicals found at the scene included tetrahydrofuran, ammonium chloride, lithium metal, and ammonia gas. Examination of the suspect's notes showed several different common synthesis routes to methamphetamine and a novel route utilizing a lithium/ammonia/ammonium chloride reduction. The reduction of ephedrine to methamphetamine using this dissolving metal procedure has not been reported in the literature. The authors reproduced the suspect's reaction scheme and found the lithium/ammonia/ammonium chloride reduction of ephedrine to be a viable synthesis for methamphetamine.
Phase I Study and Pharmacokinetics of CPT-11 With 5-Day Continuous Infusion (1992)

Journal Article Phase I Study and Pharmacokinetics of CPT-11 With 5-Day Continuous Infusion Get access Yuichiro Ohe, Yuichiro Ohe * Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo, Japan *Correspondence to : Yuichiro Ohe, M.D., Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104,Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yasutsuna Sasaki, Yasutsuna Sasaki Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tetsu Shinkai, Tetsu Shinkai Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kenji Eguchi, Kenji Eguchi Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tomohide Tamura, Tomohide Tamura Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Akira Kojima, Akira Kojima Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hiroshi Kunikane, Hiroshi Kunikane Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hiroaki Okamoto, Hiroaki Okamoto Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Atsuya Karato, Atsuya Karato Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hironobu Ohmatsu, Hironobu Ohmatsu Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ... Show more Fumihiko Kanzawa, Fumihiko Kanzawa Pharmacology Division, National Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nagahiro Saijo Nagahiro Saijo Pharmacology Division, National Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 12, 17 June 1992, Pages 972–974, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.12.972 Published: 17 June 1992 Article history Revision received: 03 April 1992 Accepted: 13 April 1992 Published: 17 June 1992 Received: 30 December 1992
The Carbohydrates of the Gramineae. VII. The Constitution of a Water-soluble Hemicellulose of the Endosperm of Wheat (Triticum vulgare)1,2 (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Carbohydrates of the Gramineae. VII. The Constitution of a Water-soluble Hemicellulose of the Endosperm of Wheat (Triticum vulgare)1,2R. Montgomery and F. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 12, 3325–3328Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01617a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01617a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Image Based Localization in Urban Environments (2006)

In this paper we present a prototype system for image based localization in urban environments. Given a database of views of city street scenes tagged by GPS locations, the system computes the GPS location of a novel query view. We first use a wide-baseline matching technique based on SIFT features to select the closest views in the database. Often due to a large change of viewpoint and presence of repetitive structures, a large percentage of matches (> 50%) are not correct correspondences. The subsequent motion estimation between the query view and the reference view, is then handled by a novel and efficient robust estimation technique capable of dealing with large percentage of outliers. This stage is also accompanied by a model selection step among the fundamental matrix and the homography. Once the motion between the closest reference views is estimated, the location of the query view is then obtained by triangulation of translation directions. Approximate solutions for cases when triangulation cannot be obtained reliably are also described. The presented system is tested on the dataset used in ICCV 2005 Computer Vision Contest and is shown to have higher accuracy than previous reported results.
Glucosylceramides in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides are involved in the differentiation of conidia into mycelial cells (2004)

Glucosylceramides (GlcCer) were extracted from the plant pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and purified by several chromatographic steps. By using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, GlcCer from C. gloeosporioides were identified as N-2'-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-1-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine and N-2'-hydroxyoctadecenoyl-1-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine. Monoclonal antibodies against these structures were produced and used as tools for the evaluation of the role of GlcCer in the morphological transition of C. gloeosporioides. In the presence of antibodies to GlcCer, the differentiation of conidia into mycelia was blocked. Since GlcCer is present in several plant pathogens, the inhibitory activity of external ligands recognizing these structures may be applicable in other models of fungal infections.