gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal Peptide-Dependent Targeting of a Riceα-Amylase and Cargo Proteins to Plastids and Extracellular Compartments of Plant Cells (2004)

alpha-Amylases are important enzymes for starch degradation in plants. However, it has been a long-running debate as to whether alpha-amylases are localized in plastids where starch is stored. To study the subcellular localization of alpha-amylases in plant cells, a rice (Oryza sativa) alpha-amylase, alphaAmy3, with or without its own signal peptide (SP) was expressed in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and analyzed. Loss-of-function analyses revealed that SP was required for targeting of alphaAmy3 to chloroplasts and/or amyloplasts and cell walls and/or extracellular compartments of leaves and suspension cells. SP was also required for in vitro transcribed and/or translated alphaAmy3 to be cotranslationally imported and processed in canine microsomes. alphaAmy3, present in chloroplasts of transgenic tobacco leaves, was processed to a product with Mr similar to alphaAmy3 minus its SP. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the SP of chloroplast localized alphaAmy3 was cleaved at a site only one amino acid preceding the predicted cleavage site. Function of the alphaAmy3 SP was further studied by gain-of-function analyses. beta-Glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescence protein fused with or without the alphaAmy3 SP was expressed in transgenic tobacco or rice. The alphaAmy3 SP directed translocation of GUS and green fluorescence protein to chloroplasts and/or amyloplasts and cell walls in tobacco leaves and rice suspension cells. The SP of another rice alpha-amylase, alphaAmy8, similarly directed the dual localizations of GUS in transgenic tobacco leaves. This study is the first evidence of SP-dependent dual translocations of proteins to plastids and extracellular compartments, which provides new insights into the role of SP in protein targeting and the pathways of SP-dependent protein translocation in plants.
Compact, low-loss, micromachined rectangular coaxial millimeter-wave power combining networks (2013)

Compact air-dielectric rectangular coaxial power combiners are constructed using the PolyStrata process. Designs for 2-1 combiners centered at 60 GHz 94 GHz are presented, as well as a 4-1 combiner centered at 60 GHz. The simulated insertion loss across the bands of the 60 GHz and 94 GHz combiners is 0.11 dB and 0.1 dB, respectively. Both bands of the 2-1 combiner exhibit output isolation of greater than 14 dB. An implementation of a “direct” 4-1 combiner is presented; simulated insertion loss of less than 0.15 dB and output isolation of greater than 18 dB are also reported. Measured results of back-to-back combiners for all designs and frequencies discussed herein are presented. Good agreement with simulated results is shown.
Enhanced stability of maize endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase is gained through mutants that alter subunit interactions (1998)

Temperature lability of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP; glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase; ADP: alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.27), a key starch biosynthetic enzyme, may play a significant role in the heat-induced loss in maize seed weight and yield. Here we report the isolation and characterization of heat-stable variants of maize endosperm AGP. Escherichia coli cells expressing wild type (WT) Shrunken2 (Sh2), and Brittle2 (Bt2) exhibit a reduced capacity to produce glycogen when grown at 42 degreesC. Mutagenesis of Sh2 and coexpression with WT Bt2 led to the isolation of multiple mutants capable of synthesizing copious amounts of glycogen at this temperature. An increase in AGP stability was found in each of four mutants examined. Initial characterization revealed that the BT2 protein was elevated in two of these mutants. Yeast two-hybrid studies were conducted to determine whether the mutant SH2 proteins more efficiently recruit the BT2 subunit into tetramer assembly. These experiments showed that replacement of WT SH2 with the heat-stable SH2HS33 enhanced interaction between the SH2 and BT2 subunits. In agreement, density gradient centrifugation of heated and nonheated extracts from WT and one of the mutants, Sh2hs33, identified a greater propensity for heterotetramer dissociation in WT AGP. Sequencing of Sh2hs33 and several other mutants identified a His-to-Tyr mutation at amino acid position 333. Hence, a single point mutation in Sh2 can increase the stability of maize endosperm AGP through enhanced subunit interactions.
Studies on the control of antibody synthesis. VIII. Selection for high affinity antibody production in the secondary response. (1975)

Priming with haptenic determinants can augment the antibody response to a new haptenic determinant presented on a different carrier to which the original haptens are also coupled. This augmentation may be accompanied by a slight increase in the affinity of the antibody formed. However, only if the test hapten is present on the original priming antigen is there a selection for high affinity antibody-forming cells and a marked increase in the affinity of the antihapten antibody produced upon boosting is seen. The data are consistent with the assumption that antibody affinity is primarily controlled by the selection of B lymphocytes by antigen, while additional factors may be involved in controlling the magnitude of the response.
Distributed aspects of the response to siphon touch in Aplysia: spread of stimulus information and cross-correlation analysis (1994)

We examined two aspects of the response to siphon stimulation in an attempt to test the hypothesis that the Aplysia CNS functions as a distributed system. First, we estimated the number of central neurons that respond to a light touch to the siphon skin. We made voltage-sensitive dye recordings from the abdominal, pleural, pedal, and cerebral ganglia. From these recordings we estimated that 220 abdominal neurons, 110 pleural neurons, and 650 pedal neurons were affected by the light touch. Thus, the information about this mild and localized stimulus is very widely distributed within the Aplysia CNS. This result allows the possibility that the Aplysia CNS functions as a distributed system. If only a small number of neurons had responded to the touch, it would have supported the conclusion that the gill-withdrawal reflex could be generated by a small, dedicated circuit. Second, we searched for correlations between the spike times of the individual abdominal ganglion neurons. Two time scales were examined: a millisecond time scale corresponding to the duration of a fast synaptic potential and a seconds time scale corresponding to the duration of the gill-withdrawal movement. Neuron pairs with highly correlated spike activity on a millisecond time scale must be connected by (or have a common input that uses) relatively powerful, fast, excitatory synapses. We expected that this kind of synaptic interaction would be relatively rare in nervous systems that functioned in a distributed manner. Indeed, only 0.3% of the neuron pairs had correlation coefficients of 0.15 or greater. These correlations accounted for approximately 2% of the action potentials generated in response to siphon stimulation. Thus, large, fast excitatory synaptic interactions appear to be relatively unimportant. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that the abdominal ganglion functions as a distributed system. When the longer time scale was used for the cross-correlograms, a large fraction of the cell pairs had correlated activity because many neurons are activated by the stimulus. It was not possible to interpret the slow correlations in terms of actual synaptic interactions between individual neurons. Our results are consistent with the possibility that the abdominal ganglion functions in a distributed manner. However, this evaluation is indirect and thus only tentative conclusions can be drawn. Evidence from several sources suggests that the neuronal interactions for generating the Aplysia gill-withdrawal reflex are complex.
Alteration of the ATG start codon of the A* protein of bacteriophage ϕX174 into an ATT codon yields a viable phage indicating that A* protein is not essential for ϕX174 reproduction (1987)

Bacteriophage phi X174 gene A encodes two proteins: the gene A protein and the smaller A protein, which is synthesized from a translational start signal within the A gene in the same reading frame as the gene A protein. The gene A protein is involved in initiation, elongation and termination of rolling circle DNA replication. The role of the A protein in the life cycle of phi X174, however, is unknown. Using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis a viable phi X174 mutant was constructed in which the ATG start codon of the A protein was changed into an ATT codon. This mutant, phi X-4499T, does not synthesize A protein. The burst size of phi X-4499T amounted to 50% of that of wild type phi X174. This indicates that A protein, although advantageous for phage reproduction, is not essential during the life cycle of bacteriophage phi X174.
A novel p64-related Cl−channel: subcellular distribution and nephron segment-specific expression (1999)

Several closely related proteins that have been implicated as chloride channels of intracellular membranes have recently been described. We report here the molecular cloning and characterization of a new member of this family from human cells. On the basis of sequence similarity, we conclude that this new protein represents the human version of a previously described protein from rat brain named p64H1. The human version of p64H1 (huH1) is a 28.7-kDa protein that shows an apparent molecular mass of 31 kDa by SDS-PAGE. A single 4.5-kb message is detected on Northern blots and is present in all tissues probed. The protein is expressed in an intracellular vesicular pattern in Panc-1 cells that is distinct from the endoplasmic reticulum, fluid-phase endocytic, and transferrin-recycling compartments, but which does colocalize with caveolin. In human kidney, huH1 is highly expressed in a diffuse pattern in the apical domain of proximal tubule cells. huH1 is expressed less abundantly in a vesicular pattern in glomeruli and distal nephron.
Role of STAT3 in skin fibrosis and transforming growth factor beta signalling (2017)

STAT3 inhibition decreases dermal fibrosis in two models of SSc. STAT3 regulates dermal fibroblasts function in vitro and can be activated by TGF-β. These data suggest that STAT3 is a potential therapeutic target for dermal fibrosis in diseases such as SSc.
[Bone and Calcium Research Update 2015. Novel treatment for FGF23-related hypophosphatemic diseases]. (2015)

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone mainly produced by osteocytes and regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism by binding to Klotho-FGF receptor complex. Most diseases previously called vitamin D-resistant rickets/osteomalacia or familial hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia have been shown to be caused by excess actions of FGF23. Therefore, several methods to inhibit the actions of FGF23 are now considered as new treatment methods for these FGF23-related hypophosphatemic diseases. It has been reported that anti-FGF23 antibody increases serum phosphate in patients with FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disease.
Strain status of self-assembled InAs quantum dots (2000)

Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction experiments employing the asymmetric (202) Bragg diffraction have been performed to characterize self-assembled InAs quantum dots grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. We find that the strain is elastically relaxed with different components. The volume distribution of partially strained InAs inside islands is peaked at intermediate strain values. The fraction of both almost fully strained and totally relaxed InAs is found to be small. In addition, a small volume fraction of relaxed InxGa1−xAs is found.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of the Gene Encoding a Phospholipase A1fromAspergillus oryzae (1999)

Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyzes removal of the acyl group from position 1 of lecithin to form lysolecithin. The genomic DNA and cDNA encoding PLA1 from Aspergillus oryzae were cloned with the mixed deoxyribonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction. The PLA1 gene is composed of 1,056 bp and has four exons and three short introns (63, 54, and 51 bp). The deduced amino acid sequence of PLA1 contained the N-terminal sequence of the mature PLA1 analyzed by Edman degradation. PLA1 cDNA has an open reading frame of 885 bp encoding the PLA1 precursor of 295 amino acid residues. The mature PLA1 is composed of 269 amino acid residues, and a prepro-sequence of 26 amino acid residues is at the N-terminal region of the PLA1 precursor. PLA1 has two possible N-glycosylation sites (Asn27 and Asn55). PLA1 has a consensus pentapeptide (-Gly-His-Ser-Xaa-Gly-), which is conserved in lipases. The amino acid sequence of PLA1 showed 47% identity with that of mono- and diacylglycerol lipase from Penicillium camembertii. The PLA1 cDNA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae KS58-2D, indicating the cloned gene to be functional.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Radiometry Studies of Biotin-Derivatized Poly(l-lysine)-grafted-Poly(ethylene glycol) Monolayers on Metal Oxides (2001)

This paper describes the first detailed analytical characterization of the surface properties of a new class of biomolecular interfaces based on derivatized poly(l-lysine)-grafted-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) copolymers. Such copolymers spontaneously adsorb to negatively charged surfaces under physiological pH and efficiently repel nonspecific protein adsorption while providing PEG-tethered functional/active sites for specific biomolecular recognition. As a model system, we synthesized biotin-derivatized (PLL-g-PEG) copolymers, PLL-g-[(PEG)1-x(PEG-biotin)x], where x varies from 0 to 1. The copolymers were adsorbed on titanium dioxide substrates. Surface characteristics and biorecognition properties were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and radiometry. We show that the monolayer formed is ∼20−25 Å in thickness. It is organized with its PLL backbone located within the first 10 Å on the substrate and with the PEG side chains located above the PLL. The resulting biotin surface concentration depends linearly on the biotin concentration in the bulk copolymer. This aspect implies that the surface concentration of functional groups can be adjusted by adapting their concentration within the bulk copolymer. The PLL-g-PEG(-biotin) monolayers are efficient in repelling nonspecific protein adsorption but can specifically bind streptavidin (SA). Within the biotin range considered, the SA surface concentration increases linearly with the biotin surface concentration of the monolayer.
Paper-based microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic devices (2013)

Dipstick and lateral-flow formats have dominated rapid diagnostics over the last three decades. These formats gained popularity in the consumer markets due to their compactness, portability and facile interpretation without external instrumentation. However, lack of quantitation in measurements has challenged the demand of existing assay formats in consumer markets. Recently, paper-based microfluidics has emerged as a multiplexable point-of-care platform which might transcend the capabilities of existing assays in resource-limited settings. However, paper-based microfluidics can enable fluid handling and quantitative analysis for potential applications in healthcare, veterinary medicine, environmental monitoring and food safety. Currently, in its early development stages, paper-based microfluidics is considered a low-cost, lightweight, and disposable technology. The aim of this review is to discuss: (1) fabrication of paper-based microfluidic devices, (2) functionalisation of microfluidic components to increase the capabilities and the performance, (3) introduction of existing detection techniques to the paper platform and (4) exploration of extracting quantitative readouts via handheld devices and camera phones. Additionally, this review includes challenges to scaling up, commercialisation and regulatory issues. The factors which limit paper-based microfluidic devices to become real world products and future directions are also identified.
The Economic Impact of Hypertension (2003)

High blood pressure is the most common chronic medical problem prompting visits to primary health care providers, yet it is estimated that only 34% of the 50 million American adults with hypertension have their blood pressure controlled to a level of <140/90 mm Hg. Thus, about two thirds of Americans with hypertension are at increased risk for cardiovascular events. The medical, economic, and human costs of untreated and inadequately controlled high blood pressure are enormous. Adequate management of hypertension can be hampered by inadequacies in the diagnosis, treatment, and/or control of high blood pressure. Health care providers face many obstacles to achieving blood pressure control among their patients, including a limited ability to adequately lower blood pressure with monotherapy and a typical reluctance to increase therapy (either in dose or number of medications) to achieve blood pressure goals. Patients also face important challenges in adhering to multidrug regimens and accepting the need for therapeutic lifestyle changes. Nonetheless, the achievement of blood pressure goals is possible, and, most importantly, lowering blood pressure significantly reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as proved in clinical trials. The medical and human costs of treating preventable conditions such as stroke, heart failure, and end-stage renal disease can be reduced by antihypertensive treatment. The recurrent and chronic morbidities associated with hypertension are costly to treat. Pharmacotherapy for hypertension therefore offers a substantial potential for cost savings. Pharmacoeconomic analyses regarding antihypertensive drug therapies, their costs, and the relevant reductions in health care expenditures are a useful framework for optimizing current strategies for hypertension management.
S3-R1: the IBM smart surveillance system release 1 (2005)

Summary form only given. One of the key components of tele-presence systems is automatic awareness of the remote environment. This very same capability of automatic situation awareness is currently being developed and deployed in the context of the next generation smart surveillance systems. Smart surveillance systems use a number of automatic video analysis techniques like object detection, tracking and classification in conjunction with database and Web application servers to provide users with the capability of distributed smart surveillance. The IBM smart surveillance system is one of the few advanced surveillance systems which provides not only the capability to automatically monitor a scene but also the capability to manage the surveillance data, perform event based retrieval, receive real time event alerts thru standard web infrastructure and extract long term statistical patterns of activity.
Efficient adaptation text design based on the Kullback-Leibler measure (2002)

This paper proposes an efficient algorithm for the automatic selection of sentences given a desired phoneme distribution. The algorithm is based on the Kullback-Leiblermeasure under the criterion of minimum cross-entropy. One application of this algorithm is the design of adaptation text for automatic speech recognition with a particular phoneme distribution. The algorithm is efficient and flexible, especially in the case of limited text size. Experimental results verify the advantage of this approach.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND STRUCTURE OF CARMINOMYCIN, A NEW ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTIC (1974)

Institute of New Antibiotics, Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, USSR In the course of our screening program we have isolated from the culture fo Actinomadura carminata carminomycin, a new anthracycline antibiotic which possessed strong antitumor activity in animal experiments. It is produced as a mixture of several active components: the more interesting ones are components 1, 2 and 3.Components 2 and 3 can be transformed by means of mild hydrolysis into carminomycin 1, which is obtained as a red crystalline hydrochloride C26H27O10N•HCl. The ultra-violet and visible spectra resemble that of daunomycin but are different.
Tissue proteome profiling of preeclamptic placenta using recombinant antibody microarrays (2010)

we have taken one step further toward de-convoluting the complex features of PE at the molecular level using affinity proteomics.
Chaetocin: a promising new antimyeloma agent with in vitro and in vivo activity mediated via imposition of oxidative stress (2006)

Chaetocin, a thiodioxopiperazine natural product previously unreported to have anticancer effects, was found to have potent antimyeloma activity in IL-6-dependent and -independent myeloma cell lines in freshly collected sorted and unsorted patient CD138(+) myeloma cells and in vivo. Chaetocin largely spares matched normal CD138(-) patient bone marrow leukocytes, normal B cells, and neoplastic B-CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) cells, indicating a high degree of selectivity even in closely lineage-related B cells. Furthermore, chaetocin displays superior ex vivo antimyeloma activity and selectivity than doxorubicin and dexamethasone, and dexamethasone- or doxorubicin-resistant myeloma cell lines are largely non-cross-resistant to chaetocin. Mechanistically, chaetocin is dramatically accumulated in cancer cells via a process inhibited by glutathione and requiring intact/unreduced disulfides for uptake. Once inside the cell, its anticancer activity appears mediated primarily through the imposition of oxidative stress and consequent apoptosis induction. Moreover, the selective antimyeloma effects of chaetocin appear not to reflect differential intracellular accumulation of chaetocin but, instead, heightened sensitivity of myeloma cells to the cytotoxic effects of imposed oxidative stress. Considered collectively, chaetocin appears to represent a promising agent for further study as a potential antimyeloma therapeutic.
Epithelial Cell Cultures From Normal Glandular Tissue of Mice 2 (1974)

Journal Article Epithelial Cell Cultures From Normal Glandular Tissue of Mice Get access R.B. Owens, R.B. Owens Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar CH. S. Smith, CH. S. Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.J. Hackett A.J. Hackett 3Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 1, July 1974, Pages 261–269, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.1.261 Published: 01 July 1974 Article history Received: 04 February 1974 Accepted: 10 April 1974 Published: 01 July 1974