gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data recorders for accident investigation (1997)

In 1989 the European Commission sponsored work to investigate the design of a recorder for road vehicles which could offer benefits similar to those associated with the 'black box' fitted to aircraft. DRACO (Driving Accident Co-ordinating Observer) was the name of the project which developed a specification for an accident data recorder (ADR) for use on road vehicles. A subsequent project called SAMOVAR (Safety Assessment Monitoring On-Vehicle with Automatic Recording) field tested a low cost implementation of this design. This paper describes the main features of the specification and design of the 'first version' ADR together with some results. The ADR is a specific task orientated complete instrumentation system which includes software for the off-line processing of the recorded data.
T and Tn, General Carcinoma Autoantigens (1984)

Primary and metastatic carcinomas are epithelial in origin and comprise by far the largest group of malignant tumors in humans. In most of these tumors, T and Tn antigens, whose epitopes have been synthesized, are uncovered and immunoreactive. In all other tissues T and Tn antigens are masked and not accessible to the immune system; they are generally precursors in normal complex carbohydrate chains. Thus, carcinomas have antigens recognized as foreign by the patients' immune system. The expression of T and Tn antigens has pathogenic and clinical consequences, and the antigens themselves are powerful histological markers in carcinoma diagnosis and frequently in prognosis. Most patients distinguish their carcinoma from all other cells, as shown by strong autoimmune responses to T antigen. These responses are readily measured by assays, and they allow detection of carcinomas with greater sensitivity and specificity frequently earlier than previously possible. Moreover, the extent of T and Tn expression often correlates with carcinoma differentiation; on a molecular level, clustered T- and Tn-active structures on carcinoma cell surfaces may be involved in invasion.
A rapid fluorescent multiplexed‐PCR analysis (FMPA) for founder mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (2000)

Mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes account for approximately 80% of hereditary breast/ovarian cancer families, but the size of these two genes makes mutation analysis time-consuming and technically challenging. In some populations such as the Ashkenazi Jewish and the French-Canadian, a small number of recurrent founder mutations account for the majority of mutations in cancer families. We have therefore developed two rapid genetic screening tests, which allow us to detect three frequent frameshift mutations in the Ashkenazi Jewish population and five frameshift mutations in the French-Canadian population. These fluorescent non-radioactive methods permit the simultaneous detection of multiple mutations by generating multiplexed PCR-amplified gene fragments, and by discriminating these on the basis of their size in a denaturing polyacrylamide gel. Using these methods, we were able to correctly identify all mutants in a blinded analysis of 276 DNA samples, including 30 derived from paraffin-embedded tumor samples and 10 from buccal-cell brushes, with no false positive or false negative results. These techniques designed for the direct detection of recurrent mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, have the advantages of being efficient, sensitive, cost-effective, and are applicable to large scale screening for epidemiologic studies.
Testosterone receptor blockade after trauma-hemorrhage improves cardiac and hepatic functions in males (1997)

Although studies have shown that testosterone receptor blockade with flutamide after hemorrhage restores the depressed immune function, it remains unknown whether administration of flutamide following trauma and hemorrhage and resuscitation has any salutary effects on the depressed cardiovascular and hepatocellular functions. To study this, male rats underwent a laparotomy (representing trauma) and were then bled and maintained at a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg until the animals could not maintain this pressure. Ringer lactate was given to maintain a MAP of 40 mmHg until 40% of the maximal shed blood volume was returned in the form of Ringer lactate. The rats were then resuscitated with four times the shed blood volume in the form of Ringer lactate over 60 min. Flutamide (25 mg/kg) or an equal volume of the vehicle propanediol was injected subcutaneously 15 min before the end of resuscitation. Various in vivo heart performance parameters (e.g., maximal rate of the pressure increase or decrease), cardiac output, and hepatocellular function (i.e., the maximum velocity and the overall efficiency of indocyanine green clearance) were determined at 20 h after resuscitation. Additionally, hepatic microvascular blood flow (HMBF) was determined using a laser Doppler flowmeter. The results indicate that left ventricular performance, cardiac output, HMBF, and hepatocellular function decreased significantly at 20 h after the completion of trauma, hemorrhage, and resuscitation. Administration of the testosterone receptor blocker flutamide, however, significantly improved cardiac performance, HMBF, and hepatocellular function. Thus flutamide appears to be a novel and useful adjunct for improving cardiovascular and hepatocellular functions in males following trauma and hemorrhagic shock.
Transcriptional activation of human GM3 synthase (hST3Gal V) gene by valproic acid in ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells (2011)

The present study demonstrated that valproic acid (VPA) transcriptionally regulates human GM3 synthase (hST3Gal V), which catalyzes ganglioside GM3 biosynthesis in ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells. For this, we characterized the promoter region of the hST3Gal V gene. Functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the hST3Gal V gene revealed that the -177 to -83 region functions as the VPA-inducible promoter and that the CREB/ATF binding site at -143 is crucial for VPA-induced expression of hST3Gal V in ARPE-19 cells. In addition, the transcriptional activity of hST3Gal V induced by VPA in ARPE-19 cells was inhibited by SP600125, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor. In summary, our results identified the core promoter region in the hST3Gal V promoter and for the first time demonstrated that ATF2 binding to the CREB/ATF binding site at -143 is essential for transcriptional activation of hST3Gal V in VPA-induced ARPE-19 cells.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel 5'-Linked Oligos (1989)

Abstract We have synthesized normal and phosphorothioate oligos with 5′-linked groups, using either a phosphoramidite with the linked group attached or a mercaptopropanol linker. These linked oligos have been studied for cellular uptake as fluorescent labels, and for inhibition of gene expression in a cell free expression system, and in several other biological systems.
Alkane biosynthesis by decarbonylation of aldehydes catalyzed by a particulate preparation from Pisum sativum. (1984)

Mechanism of enzymatic conversion of a fatty acid to the corresponding alkane by the loss of the carboxyl carbon was investigated with particulate preparations from Pisum sativum. A heavy particulate preparation (sp. gr., 1.30 g/cm3) isolated by two density-gradient centrifugation steps catalyzed conversion of octadecanal to heptadecane and CO. Experiments with [1-3H,1-14C]octadecanal showed the stoichiometry of the reaction and retention of the aldehydic hydrogen in the alkane during this enzymatic decarbonylation. This decarbonylase showed an optimal pH of 7.0 and a Km of 35 microM for the aldehyde. This enzyme was severely inhibited by metal ion chelators and showed no requirement for any cofactors. Microsomal preparations and the particulate fractions from the first density-gradient step catalyzed acyl-CoA reduction to the corresponding aldehyde. Electron microscopic examination showed the presence of fragments of cell wall/cuticle but no vesicles in the decarbonylase preparation. It is concluded that the aldehydes produced by the acyl-CoA reductase located in the endomembranes of the epidermal cells are converted to alkanes by the decarbonylase located in the cell wall/cuticle region.
Intracellular Heat Shock Protein-70 Negatively Regulates TLR4 Signaling in the Newborn Intestinal Epithelium (2012)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of gastrointestinal-related mortality in premature infants, and it develops under conditions of exaggerated TLR4 signaling in the newborn intestinal epithelium. Because NEC does not develop spontaneously, despite the presence of seemingly tonic stimulation of intestinal TLR4, we hypothesized that mechanisms must exist to constrain TLR4 signaling that become diminished during NEC pathogenesis and focused on the intracellular stress response protein and chaperone heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70). We demonstrate that the induction of intracellular Hsp70 in enterocytes dramatically reduced TLR4 signaling, as assessed by LPS-induced NF-κB translocation, cytokine expression, and apoptosis. These findings were confirmed in vivo, using mice that either globally lacked Hsp70 or overexpressed Hsp70 within the intestinal epithelium. TLR4 activation itself significantly increased Hsp70 expression in enterocytes, which provided a mechanism of autoinhibition of TLR4 signaling in enterocytes. In seeking to define the mechanisms involved, intracellular Hsp70-mediated inhibition of TLR4 signaling required both its substrate-binding EEVD domain and association with the cochaperone CHIP, resulting in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TLR4. The expression of Hsp70 in the intestinal epithelium was significantly decreased in murine and human NEC compared with healthy controls, suggesting that loss of Hsp70 protection from TLR4 could lead to NEC. In support of this, intestinal Hsp70 overexpression in mice and pharmacologic upregulation of Hsp70 reversed TLR4-induced cytokines and enterocyte apoptosis, as well as prevented and treated experimental NEC. Thus, a novel TLR4 regulatory pathway exists within the newborn gut involving Hsp70 that may be pharmacologically activated to limit NEC severity.
Distinct indirect pathways govern human NK-cell activation by TLR-7 and TLR-8 agonists (2006)

NK cells limit the emergence of cancers and viral infections by surveillance of 'missing-self' and 'induced-self' ligands, and by direct recognition of pathogen-associated molecules. We examined individual roles for Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-7 and -8 in human NK-cell activation using synthetic, small molecule agonists of either TLR-7 (imiquimod and 3M-001), TLR-8 (3M-002) or both TLR-7/8 (3M-003 and R-848) for comparison with known ligands of TLR-2 to -9. Tracking cytokine production in PBMC initially revealed that a subset of TLR agonists including polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), 3M-002, 3M-003, R-848 and single-stranded RNA trigger relatively high levels of IFN-gamma expression by NK cells. Isolated NK cells did not express TLR-7 or TLR-8. Unlike MALP-2 and poly I:C, 3M-001-3 did not induce expression of either CD69 or IFN-gamma by purified NK cells suggesting indirect activation. IL-18 and IL-12p70 were primarily required for induction of IFN-gamma by both synthetic and natural TLR-8 ligands, while type I IFN was required for induction of CD69 on NK cells by the TLR-7 agonist 3M-001. In addition to expression of IFN-gamma and CD69, relative induction of NK-cell cytotoxicity by TLR-7 and TLR-8 agonists was compared. Immune response modifiers (IRMs) with a TLR-8 agonist component (3M-002 and 3M-003) stimulated greater levels of K562 cytolysis than achieved with 3M-001 or IL-2 (1000 units ml(-1)). In vivo NK-cell cytotoxicity was also enhanced by R-848, but not in type I IFNR-deficient mice. We conclude that IRMs can modulate NK-cell function both in vitro and in vivo and that distinct indirect pathways control human NK-cell activation by TLR-7 and TLR-8 agonists.
LR-GAN: Layered Recursive Generative Adversarial Networks for Image Generation (2017)

We present LR-GAN: an adversarial image generation model which takes scene structure and context into account. Unlike previous generative adversarial networks (GANs), the proposed GAN learns to generate image background and foregrounds separately and recursively, and stitch the foregrounds on the background in a contextually relevant manner to produce a complete natural image. For each foreground, the model learns to generate its appearance, shape and pose. The whole model is unsupervised, and is trained in an end-to-end manner with gradient descent methods. The experiments demonstrate that LR-GAN can generate more natural images with objects that are more human recognizable than DCGAN.
Building a network infrastructure for global competitiveness (1995)

The paper provides a strategic impact analysis of communications technology on a nations' global competitiveness. Global competitiveness and its definition is described, along with communications architectures, technologies and economics that have a direct impact on national competitiveness. It is shown that enhancing the communications needs of business workers can fundamentally shift the global competitive position of a nation. The technologies and architectures required to enable the satisfaction of these communications needs are analyzed. Technology and architectural evolution required to provide a business worker oriented service offering from PTTs and communications service providers is also presented.
Oxygen-Hemoglobulin Dissociation Curves: Effect of Inherited Enzyme Defects of the Red Cell (1969)

The blood of a patient with a deficiency of hexokinase in the red cells and a decreased concentration of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate in the red cells showed an increased affinity for oxygen, whereas a patient with a deficiency of pyruvate kinase and an elevated concentration of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate in the red cells had blood with a decreased affinity for oxygen. Defects in red cell glycolysis may alter the oxygen affinity of blood by virtue of their effect on 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations in red cells.
Comparative Properties and Methods of Preparation of Lipid Vesicles (Liposomes) (1980)

IAbbreviations used in this article are as follows: AraC= l -,B-d arabinofuranosyl cytosine, Chol=cholesterol, DNA=deoxyribonucleic acid, DMPA=dimyristoyl phos­ phatidic acid, DMPC = dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, DMPE = dimyristoyl phos­ phatidylethanolamine, DOPC = dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine, DOPE = dioleoyl phos­ phatidylethanolamine, DPPA=dipaJmitoyl phosphatidic acid, DPPC=dipaJmitoyl phos­ phatidylcholine, DPPG = dipaJmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol, DPPS;= dipalmitoyl phos­ phatidylserine, DSPC = distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, EPC = egg phosphatidylcholine, EDTA=ethylene diamine tetracetic acid, HDL=high density lipoprotein, HPLC=high performance liquid chromatography, LUV = large unilamellar vesicle, MLV = multilamellar vesicle, NT A = nitrilotriacetic acid, NMR = nuclear magnetic resonance, PA phosphatidic acid, PC = phosphatidylcholine, PE = phosphatidylethanolamine, PO = phosphatidylglycerol, PS = phosphatidylserine, REV = reverse-phase evaporation vesicle, RNA = ribonucleic acid, SUV=small unilameUar vesicle, Tc=transition temperature. 2Present address: Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
Walking on thin ice! Identifying methamphetamine “drug mules” on digital plain radiography (2014)

Diagnostic signs (double-condom and halo signs) on digital plain radiography are specific in MA "drug mules", although DR is associated with high diagnostic insecurity and underreports the total internal payload.
Structure and inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease reveals strategy for developing dual inhibitors against M pro and cathepsin L (2020)

The main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>) of SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is a key antiviral drug target. While most SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> inhibitors have a γ-lactam glutamine surrogate at the P1 position, we recently discovered several M<sup>pro</sup> inhibitors have hydrophobic moieties at the P1 site, including calpain inhibitors II/XII, which are also active against human cathepsin L, a host-protease that is important for viral entry. To determine the binding mode of these calpain inhibitors and establish a structure-activity relationship, we solved X-ray crystal structures of M<sup>pro</sup> in complex with calpain inhibitors II and XII, and three analogues of <b>GC-376</b>, one of the most potent M<sup>pro</sup> inhibitors <i>in vitro</i>. The structure of M<sup>pro</sup> with calpain inhibitor II confirmed the S1 pocket of M<sup>pro</sup> can accommodate a hydrophobic methionine side chain, challenging the idea that a hydrophilic residue is necessary at this position. Interestingly, the structure of calpain inhibitor XII revealed an unexpected, inverted binding pose where the P1' pyridine inserts in the S1 pocket and the P1 norvaline is positioned in the S1' pocket. The overall conformation is semi-helical, wrapping around the catalytic core, in contrast to the extended conformation of other peptidomimetic inhibitors. Additionally, the structures of three <b>GC-376</b> analogues <b>UAWJ246</b>, <b>UAWJ247</b>, and <b>UAWJ248</b> provide insight to the sidechain preference of the S1', S2, S3 and S4 pockets, and the superior cell-based activity of the aldehyde warhead compared with the α-ketoamide. Taken together, the biochemical, computational, structural, and cellular data presented herein provide new directions for the development of M<sup>pro</sup> inhibitors as SARS-CoV-2 antivirals.
Self-Assembled Aggregates of Rod-Coil Block Copolymers and Their Solubilization and Encapsulation of Fullerenes (1998)

Amphiphilic poly(phenylquinoline)-block-polystyrene rod-coil diblock copolymers were observed to self-organize into robust, micrometer-scale, spherical, vesicular, cylindrical, and lamellar aggregates from solution. These diverse aggregate morphologies were seen at each composition, but their size scale decreased with a decreasing fraction of the rigid-rod block. Compared to coil-coil block copolymer micelles, the present aggregates are larger by about two orders of magnitude and have aggregation numbers of over 10(8). The spherical and cylindrical aggregates have large hollow cavities. Only spherical aggregates with aggregation numbers in excess of 10(9) were formed in the presence of fullerenes (C60, C70) in solution, resulting in the solubilization and encapsulation of over 10(10) fullerene molecules per aggregate.
“Liberalism and the Left: Rethinking the Relationship”: Introduction (1998)

Other| May 01 1998 “Liberalism and the Left: Rethinking the Relationship”: Introduction Eliza Jane Reilly Eliza Jane Reilly Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Radical History Review (1998) 1998 (71): 3–5. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1998-71-3 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Eliza Jane Reilly; “Liberalism and the Left: Rethinking the Relationship”: Introduction. Radical History Review 1 May 1998; 1998 (71): 3–5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1998-71-3 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter Books & JournalsAll JournalsRadical History Review Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1998 by MARHO: The Radical Historians' Organization, Inc.1998 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Feature Articles You do not currently have access to this content.
Effects of Ligand Coordination Number and Surface Curvature on the Stability of Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solutions (2009)

The colloidal stability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) cap-exchanged with either monothiol- or dithiolane-terminated PEG-OCH(3) ligands was investigated. Three distinct aspects were explored: (1) effects of excess salt concentration; (2) ligation competition by dithiothreitol (DTT); and (3) resistance to sodium cyanide digestion. We found that overall ligands presenting higher coordination numbers (dithiolane) exhibit much better stability to excess added salt and against competition from DTT compared to their monodentate counterparts. Resistance to NaCN digestion indicated that there is a balance between coordination number and density of ligand packing on the NP surface. For smaller NPs, where a larger surface curvature reduces the ligand packing density, a higher coordination number is clearly beneficial. In comparison, a higher ligand density allowed by the smaller curvature for larger nanocrystals makes monothiol-PEG-capped NPs more resistant to cyanide digestion. The present study indicates that balance between the coordination number and surface packing density is crucial to enhancing the colloidal stability of AuNPs.
Multi-Institutional Phase I/II Trial of Oral Bexarotene in Combination With Cisplatin and Vinorelbine in Previously Untreated Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2001)

In patients with advanced NSCLC, bexarotene with cisplatin and vinorelbine yielded acceptable phase II response rates (25%) and was associated with better-than-expected survival (14-month median survival time; 61% 1-year, 32% 2-year, and 30% projected 3-year survival rates). The regimen should be studied in larger clinical trials.
Synthesis of 8-amino-5,6-quinolinediones from 6-quinolinols and 5,6-dimethoxyquinolines. (1990)

Twenty-five 8-amino-5, 6-quinolinediones were prepared by copper(II)-catalyzed oxidation of 6-quinolinol in methanol with secondary amines, or by oxidative demethylation of the corresponding 5, 6-dimethoxyquinolines in aqueous acetonitrile with cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate.
Large-scale electrochromic devices for smart windows and absorbers (1992)

Application of smart windows and absorbers demand electrochromic (EC) devices with long term stability and a large scale production technology. The paper presents recent results on preparation of rigid and flexible EC devices with 0.3 X 0.3 m<SUP>2</SUP> active area in a three layer arrangement (polyaniline/polymeric electrolyte/tungsten trioxide). The main items and risks of processing an EC element are discussed. It is shown, that highly conductive, chemical resistant electrodes (sheet resistance 5 (Omega) /sq., transparency 85%) on flexible PMMA and PC substrates can be prepared by low temperature sputtering of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition apparatus and parameters are described. Well known standard techniques for the synthesis of EC films like polyaniline and tungsten trioxide are adapted for large surfaces: polyaniline and tungsten trioxide based EC films on ITO glass have been prepared with chemical and electrochemical preparation techniques. Electrode geometry plays an important role for the homogeneity of the grown film. We succeed in minimizing tolerances in optical density over 0.3 X 0.3 m<SUP>2</SUP> down to 2%. The solid polymer electrolyte essentially determines the performance of the EC device. High transmittance, proper conductivity, and strong adhesion, are the main attributes.
Efficient production and secretion of bovine β-lactoglobulin by Lactobacillus casei (2007)

BLG production and secretion in L. casei were significantly improved by fusions to a propeptide enhancer and a carrier protein. The resulting recombinant strains will be further tested for their ability to modulate the immune response against BLG via mucosal delivery in a cow's milk allergy model in mice.