gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of an antisense RNA transcript (gfg) from the human basic fibroblast growth factor gene. (1994)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an autocrine growth factor that is overexpressed in glial tumor cells and promotes their unregulated proliferation. We have previously reported that increased messenger RNA (mRNA) stability contributes to the elevated steady state levels of bFGF mRNA in human U87-MG glioma cells. Stability of bFGF mRNA is regulated by a natural antisense transcript in Xenopus oocytes, but the mammalian equivalent of this transcript has not previously been described. We were interested in identifying the human equivalent of this antisense transcript in order to study its role in bFGF mRNA stability. Analysis of the 3'-untranslated region of the 6.7-kilobase human bFGF mRNA revealed two areas of greater than 75% homology to exons 3 and 4 of the Xenopus antisense transcript, separated by 4300 basepairs of nonhomologous sequence. We used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to amplify, clone, and sequence a 301-basepair fragment of the antisense splice variant from U87-MG cells. The clone (gfg-1) is 73% identical to the Xenopus sequence, with a conserved splice junction and an open reading frame. Strand-specific gfg-1 complementary RNA probes detect a 1.5-kilobase mRNA transcript in normal rat tissues and human T47D breast cancer cells, which contain very low levels of bFGF mRNA. In contrast, antisense transcript expression was undetectable by Northern hybridization in U87-MG cells, which overexpress the bFGF sense mRNA. The reciprocal relationship between bFGF sense and antisense expression suggests that antisense transcripts may regulate bFGF expression in mammalian cells, and that disruption of normal sense/antisense mRNA ratios may lead to overexpression of bFGF in some tumors.
Decreased number and function of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with migraine (2008)

Circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) numbers and functions are reduced in migraine patients, suggesting that EPCs can be an underlying link between migraine and cardiovascular risk.
The Inducible Costimulator (ICOS) Is Critical for the Development of Human T H 17 Cells (2010)

Human T helper 17 (T(H)17) cells regulate host defense, autoimmunity, and tumor immunity. Although cytokines that control human T(H)17 cell development have been identified, the costimulatory molecules important for T(H)17 cell generation are unknown. Here, we found that the inducible costimulator (ICOS) was critical for the differentiation and expansion of human T(H)17 cells. Human cord blood contained a subset of CD161(+)CD4(+) T cells that were recent emigrants from the thymus, expressed ICOS constitutively, and were imprinted as T(H)17 cells through ICOS signaling. ICOS stimulation induced c-MAF, RORC2, and T-bet expression in these cells, leading to increased secretion of interleukin-21 (IL-21), IL-17, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) compared with cells stimulated with CD28. Conversely, CD28 ligation abrogated ICOS costimulation, dampening RORC2 expression while promoting the expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which led to reduced secretion of IL-17 and enhanced production of IL-22 compared with cells stimulated with ICOS. Moreover, ICOS promoted the robust expansion of IL-17(+)IFN-γ(+) human T cells, and the antitumor activity of these cells after adoptive transfer into mice bearing large human tumors was superior to that of cells expanded with CD28. The therapeutic effectiveness of ICOS-expanded cells was associated with enhanced functionality and engraftment in vivo. These findings reveal a vital role for ICOS signaling in the generation and maintenance of human T(H)17 cells and suggest that components of this pathway could be therapeutically targeted to treat cancer or chronic infection and, conversely, that interruption of this pathway may have utility in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune syndromes. These findings have provided the rationale for designing new clinical trials for tumor immunotherapy.
Thymosin β‐10 expression in melanoma cell lines and melanocytic lesions: A new progression marker for human cutaneous melanoma (1993)

When screening a subtraction library for sequences that were specifically expressed in highly metastatic human melanoma cell lines, a cDNA clone was isolated encoding thymosin beta-10. We found that expression of thymosin beta-10 mRNA was associated with metastatic behavior of various human melanoma cell lines in nude mice. Furthermore, Northern blot analysis showed that also in freshly harvested human melanocytic lesions thymosin beta-10 was differentially expressed. Although expression of thymosin beta-10 was also examined in other non-melanoma model systems and materials, no clear relation could be established with metastatic potential or malignancy. Therefore, we conclude that thymosin beta-10 can be considered as a new progression marker for human cutaneous melanoma.
SMART-CUT(R) technology for SOI: A new high volume application for ion implantation (2003)

A high volume technology for forming Silicon-on Insulator (SOI) named Smart-Cut(R) is described. Its key feature is a hydrogen implant which irreversibly weakens the structure of the silicon crystal close to the Rp of implantation. This acts as an atomic level scalpel to lift off a thin layer of silicon which is transferred to a second wafer. Since this technology relies only on standard semiconductor manufacturing equipment, capacity increases and silicon market developments-such as 300 mm SOI wafer requirements-can be implemented with ease.
Cardiac effects of botulinal toxin. (1988)

Crystalline type A botulinal toxin rapidly caused temporary bradycardia and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs. In addition, in the dog the force of contraction was measured and found to be depressed. The ECG changes were indicative of conduction defects. The hemagglutinin present in the toxin played no role in the effects on the heart, since a derivative toxin without hemagglutinin also caused these phenomena. The cardiac effects were spontaneously reversible in the intact animal without removal of the toxin. On the other hand, in the in vitro isolated heart of the rat, recovery from the cardiac effects occurred only after the toxin was washed out of the preparation. The findings are consistent with, but do not prove, a physical rather than a chemical mechanism for the effects of toxin on the heart.
On the weight distribution of linear block codes formed from convolutional codes (1996)

We explain how to obtain the weight enumerator and the performance of linear block codes formed in several distinct ways from a convolutional code.
Phytic Acid Studies. (1964)

Relative tendency of some metals to complex with phytic acid, and the influence of sodium phytate on the availability of zinc in chicks were studied. Of the metals studied, zinc appeared to form the most stable complex with phytic acid in the physiological pH ranges. Addition of sodium phytate (0.25%) to a low-zinc chick diet depressed growth rate presumably by binding zinc and rendering the element less available for growth. Therefore, the greater tendency exhibited by zinc to form a complex with phytic acid near physiological pH ranges would possibly explain the adverse effect of phytic acid on zinc metabolism.
Comparative Intracellular (THP-1 Macrophage) and Extracellular Activities of β-Lactams, Azithromycin, Gentamicin, and Fluoroquinolones against Listeria monocytogenes at Clinically Relevant Concentrations (2002)

The activities of ampicillin, meropenem, azithromycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin against intracellular hemolysin-positive Listeria monocytogenes were measured in human THP-1 macrophages and were compared with the extracellular activities observed in broth. All extracellular concentrations were adjusted to explore ranges that are clinically achievable in human serum upon conventional therapy. In broth, ampicillin, meropenem, and azithromycin were only bacteriostatic, whereas gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin were strongly bactericidal in a concentration-dependent manner. In cells, ampicillin, meropenem, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin were slightly bactericidal (0.3- to 0.8-log CFU reductions), moxifloxacin was strongly bactericidal (2.1-log CFU reduction), and gentamicin was virtually inactive. The difference in the efficacies of moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin in cells did not result from a difference in levels of accumulation in cells (6.96 +/- 1.05 versus 7.75 +/- 1.03) and was only partially explainable by the difference in the MICs (0.58 +/- 0.04 versus 1.40 +/- 0.17 mg/liter). Further analysis showed that intracellular moxifloxacin expressed only approximately 1/7 of the activity demonstrated against extracellular bacteria and ciprofloxacin expressed only 1/15 of the activity demonstrated against extracellular bacteria. Gentamicin did not increase the intracellular activities of the other antibiotics tested. The data suggest (i) that moxifloxacin could be of potential interest for eradication of the intracellular forms of L. monocytogenes, (ii) that the cellular accumulation of an antibiotic is not the only determinant of its intracellular activity (for fluoroquinolones, it is actually a self-defeating process as far as activity is concerned), and (iii) that pharmacodynamics (activity-to-concentration relationships) need to be considered for the establishment of efficacy against intracellular bacteria, just as they are for the establishment of efficacy against extracellular infections.
Filter banks for analysis-reconstruction systems: a tutorial (2002)

The problems and issues that arise in systems based on analysis/synthesis filter banks are discussed. A historical perspective of advances made in the development of systems and in the understanding of the problem is presented. The authors define the general system-design problem for one and two dimensions and highlight some of the major contributions to this area over the past 15 yr, beginning with the invention of tree-structured filter banks based on quadrature mirror filters. The emerging application area is reviewed, and the evolution from one-dimensional to multidimensional designs and realizations is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Long-term culture of normal mouse B lymphocytes. (1981)

A procedure is described for the preparation of long-term lines of normal mouse B lymphocytes. Surface immunoglobulin-bearing splenic B lymphocytes were purified with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter and then cultured with lipopolysaccharide for 1-4 wk. The cells were then transferred into medium supplemented with a T-hybridoma-derived supernatant containing interleukin 2 (IL2). Continuous feeding with this supernatant led to the establishment of cell lines that also could be propagated to IL 2-free medium containing interleukin 1 but not in culture medium alone. Cell lines have been propagated in this manner for as long as 10 mo. The cells in these lines have the appearance for small, dense lymphocytes, which all bear surface IgM detectable by immunofluorescence, rosetting, and surface radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation. The cells express Ia and lack Thy 1. These cultured B lymphocytes are unresponsive to lipopolysaccharide but can be activated to become more rapidly dividing, immunoglobulin-secreting cells by exposure to culture supernatants containing both T-cell-replacing factor and IL 2.
Automated classification of encounter notes in a computer based medical record. (1995)

Harvard Community Health Plan is exploring emerging information technologies for means to use the text portion of its 25 year old computerized medical record system. The Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval is developing systems to answer the question: to what extent can automated information systems replace manual chart review of encounter notes? INQUERY, a probabilistic inference net information retrieval system, and FIGLEAF, an inductive decision tree text classifier are applied to the problem of classifying electronic encounter notes to identify acute exacerbations in pediatric asthmatics. Both systems achieve average precisions of greater than 80%, with a new enhancement to INQUERY's relevance feedback, the top performer. Refinement of the systems and plans for their integration are discussed.
An Analysis of the Ex Ante Probabilities of Mortgage Prepayment and Default (1998)

Observed mortgage prepayment and default rates have been far different than the ruthless option exercise rates predicted by contingent claims models of mortgage pricing. The discrepancies have been attributed to both the competing‐risk nature of prepayment and default and to transactions costs. This paper tries a different means of reconciliation. We introduce a third stochastic process, household income, into the usual pricing model that includes only the spot interest rate and the house price. The presence of income allows considering consumption‐theoretic determinants of termination. The role of mortgage underwriting rules in restricting optimal prepayment is also explicitly modeled. Numerical ex ante prepayment and default rates based on the theoretical model come much closer to historical experience.
Dysregulation of interleukin‐10 production in relatives of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (1997)

The dysregulation of IL-10 production previously identified in SLE patients is also present in healthy members of families with several cases of SLE, and it may contribute to the immunologic abnormalities affecting relatives of SLE patients.
Cu(I) Tol-BINAP-Catalyzed Enantioselective Michael Reactions of Grignard Reagents and Unsaturated Esters (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCu(I) Tol-BINAP-Catalyzed Enantioselective Michael Reactions of Grignard Reagents and Unsaturated EstersShun-Yi Wang, Shun-Jun Ji, and Teck-Peng LohView Author Information Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, and Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou (Soochow) University, Jiangsu 215123, China Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 2, 276–277Publication Date (Web):December 21, 2006Publication History Received13 September 2006Published online21 December 2006Published inissue 1 January 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0666046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0666046rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4561Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Catalysts,Organic compounds,Reagents,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects of statins in the management of coronary artery disease. (2002)

Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (statins), a potent class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, exert a number of pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties. Evidence is now accumulating that these effects are not related to the reduction in lipid levels. In vitro studies, supported recently by in vivo data, indicate that treatment with statins results in a significant decrease in the levels of inflammation markers, such as C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, which appear to be predictors of acute coronary events and help stratify cardiovascular risk. Up to now, only high-sensitive C-reactive protein testing has the potential to become an adjunctive method to assess the risk of coronary events in low- and high-risk individuals. Statins can also inhibit tissue factor expression, leading to impaired activation of the blood coagulation cascade, as evidenced by a decrease in thrombin generation in vivo. Interrelated inhibition of inflammation and thrombosis induced by statins is believed to largely contribute to clinical benefits from statin therapy, regardless of cholesterol levels. Further studies will answer the question whether markers of inflammation, other than C-reactive protein and possibly indices of thrombin formation, might improve cardiovascular risk stratification.
Research and development needs for advanced vehicle control systems (1993)

The technical issues that the Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS) Committee of the Intelligent Vehicle Highway Society (IVHS) of America has identified as necessary to improve the performance of the surface transportation system are discussed. AVCSs represent the application of sensors, computers, and electromechanical actuators to provide drivers with warnings of hazards, assistance in controlling their vehicles, or fully automated control of vehicle motions. The constraints under which AVCS enabling technologies must be brought to maturity, such as cost, reliability, fault tolerance, and environmental hardening, combined with the basic performance requirements, are outlined. The enabling technologies for AVCS, subdivided into categories of sensors, communication, computation, electromechanical actuators, software and systems technologies, and special tools and facilities, are discussed. AVCS target products are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nerve regenration and repair: A review (1987)

(1987). Nerve regenration and repair: A review. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 145-169.
The Particle Size Of Hepatitis C Virus Estimated By Filtration Through Microporous Regenerated Cellulose Fibre (1991)

To estimate the particle size of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major causative agent of post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis, we filtered plasma or serum samples through microporous cellulose fibres with different pore sizes. The amount of HCV particles in samples before and after filtration was determined by a quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Since there is no quantitative biological assay for HCV, except for that in chimpanzees, the HCV titre obtained from the PCR method was used in an equation constructed previously for application to filtration experiments with a flavivirus which is distantly related to HCV. The particle was estimated to be between 30 and 38 nm in diameter, although the possibility remained that larger HCV particles or HCV aggregates with a diameter of more than 39 nm might exist. Double-step filtration through microporous cellulose fibres with a pore size of 35 nm reduced the HCV content to below levels detectable by our PCR method, indicating that it is possible to eliminate HCV particles by simple filtration techniques.
Detection of HTLV-III RNA in Lungs of Patients With AIDS and Pulmonary Involvement (1986)

A majority of pediatric patients and rare adult patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develop a chronic respiratory disorder referred to as "lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis" (LIP). Efforts to identify an infectious agent responsible for this process so far have failed. In this study, frozen sections of lungs from patients with AIDS and pulmonary disease were tested by in situ molecular hybridization for the presence of cells infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) and expressing viral RNA. In the case of an infant with LIP, a relatively high frequency (0.1%) of cells in the lung were found to be positive for HTLV-III RNA. This number is the lower limit of total cells infected since the in situ hybridization technique as applied in this study depends on expression of HTLV-III genes, and previous evidence indicates that a proportion of cells infected with HTLV-III may not express viral RNA. Moreover, this degree of infection of the lung is likely limited to LIP, since in ten patients with AIDS and pulmonary diseases other than LIP, only 0% to 0.002% of cells in lung were positive for viral RNA expression. Thus, HTLV-III may play a direct causal role in the development of LIP in infected patients, implicating its involvement in yet another of the diverse clinical diseases associated with this virus.
Towards the Maturation and Characterization of Smooth Muscle Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2011)

In this study we demonstrate that CD34(+) cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have higher smooth muscle cell (SMC) potential than CD34(-) cells. We report that from all inductive signals tested, retinoic acid (RA) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF(BB)) are the most effective agents in guiding the differentiation of CD34(+) cells into smooth muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs) characterized by the expression of SMC genes and proteins, secretion of SMC-related cytokines, contraction in response to depolarization agents and vasoactive peptides and expression of SMC-related genes in a 3D environment. These cells are also characterized by a low organization of the contractile proteins and the contractility response is mediated by Ca(2+), which involves the activation of Rho A/Rho kinase- and Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)/myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-dependent pathways. We further show that SMPCs obtained from the differentiation of CD34(+) cells with RA, but not with PDGF(BB,) can be maturated in medium supplemented with endothelin-1 showing at the end individualized contractile filaments. Overall the hESC-derived SMCs presented in this work might be an unlimited source of SMCs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Poor Oral Health and Coronary Heart Disease (1996)

A few recent studies have shown associations between poor oral health and coronary heart disease (CHD). The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of CHD in relation to number of teeth present and periodontal disease, and to explore potential mediators of this association, in a prospective cohort study. This study is a part of the ongoing Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). Participants included a US national sample of 44,119 male health professionals (58% of whom were dentists), from 40 to 75 years of age, who reported no diagnosed CHD, cancer, or diabetes at baseline. We recorded 757 incident cases of CHD, including fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and sudden death, in six years of follow-up. Among men who reported pre-existing periodontal disease, those with 10 or fewer teeth were at increased risk of CHD compared with men with 25 or more teeth (relative risk = 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.71), after adjustment for standard CHD risk factors. Among men without pre-existing periodontal disease, no relationship was found (relative risk = 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.68). The associations were only slightly attenuated after we controlled for dietary factors. No overall associations were found between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease. Tooth loss may be associated with increased risk of CHD, primarily among those with a positive periodontal disease history; diet was only a small mediator of this association.