gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surgically Induced Neuropathic Pain (2012)

Nerve damage takes place during surgery. As a consequence, significant numbers (10%-40%) of patients experience chronic neuropathic pain termed surgically induced neuropathic pain (SNPP). The initiating surgery and nerve damage set off a cascade of events that includes both pain and an inflammatory response, resulting in "peripheral and central sensitization," with the latter resulting from repeated barrages of neural activity from nociceptors. In affected patients, these initial events produce chemical, structural, and functional changes in the peripheral and central nervous systems (CNS). The maladaptive changes in damaged nerves lead to peripheral manifestations of the neuropathic state-allodynia, sensory loss, shooting pains, etc, that can manifest long after the effects of the surgical injury have resolved. The CNS manifestations that occur are termed "centralization of pain" and affect sensory, emotional, and other (eg, cognitive) systems as well as contributing to some of the manifestations of the chronic pain syndrome (eg, depression). Currently there are no objective measures of nociception and pain in the perioperative period. As such, intermittent or continuous pain may take place during and after surgery. New technologies including direct measures of specific brain function of nociception and new insights into preoperative evaluation of patients including genetic predisposition, appear to provide initial opportunities for decreasing the burden of SNPP, until treatments with high efficacy and low adverse effects that either prevent or treat pain are discovered.
A general bootstrap performance diagnostic (2013)

As datasets become larger, more complex, and more available to diverse groups of analysts, it would be quite useful to be able to automatically and generically assess the quality of estimates, much as we are able to automatically train and evaluate predictive models such as classifiers. However, despite the fundamental importance of estimator quality assessment in data analysis, this task has eluded highly automatic solutions. While the bootstrap provides perhaps the most promising step in this direction, its level of automation is limited by the difficulty of evaluating its finite sample performance and even its asymptotic consistency. Thus, we present here a general diagnostic procedure which directly and automatically evaluates the accuracy of the bootstrap's outputs, determining whether or not the bootstrap is performing satisfactorily when applied to a given dataset and estimator. We show that our proposed diagnostic is effective via an extensive empirical evaluation on a variety of estimators and simulated and real datasets, including a real-world query workload from Conviva, Inc. involving 1.7TB of data (i.e., approximately 0.5 billion data points).
Transparent Superhydrophobic Films Based on Silica Nanoparticles (2007)

We demonstrate a layer-by-layer processing scheme that can be utilized to create transparent superhydrophobic films from SiO2 nanoparticles of various sizes. By controlling the placement and level of aggregation of differently sized nanoparticles within the resultant multilayer thin film, it is possible to optimize the level of surface roughness to achieve superhydrophobic behavior with limited light scattering. Transparent superhydrophobic films were created by the sequential adsorption of silica nanoparticles and poly(allylamine hydrochloride). The final assembly was rendered superhydrophobic with silane treatment. Optical transmission levels above 90% throughout most of the visible region of the spectrum were realized in optimized coatings. Advancing water droplet contact angles as high as 160 degrees with low contact angle hysteresis (<10 degrees ) were obtained for the optimized multilayer thin films. Because of the low refractive index of the resultant porous multilayer films, they also exhibited antireflection properties.
Reactor design considerations in the hot filament/direct current plasma synthesis of carbon nanofibers (2003)

A combined hot filament/direct current (dc) plasma approach to chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) using an acetylene/ammonia feedstock has been explored. As a part of the study, the impact of filament usage and substrate holder design has been examined by scanning electron microscopy imaging of deposition products and monitoring of downstream products by residual gas analysis (RGA). It is demonstrated that the filament wire is important primarily in the pretreatment of the substrate, improving CNF growth quality. However, the filament has a more minor impact when combined with the dc plasma, increasing growth rate but reducing growth quality. The substrate holder is modified by introducing a graphite spacer into the electrode. By varying the size of the spacer, the effective surface area of the cathode is modified, allowing control over the power input to the reactor while holding the voltage constant. This allows for some independent control of physicochemical processes that are typically inseparable in plasma processing, including gas phase chemistry, substrate heating and etching by ion bombardment, and growth alignment effects due to the electric field. This work demonstrates how separating these processes allows for better control over the desired growth product.
Nickel Thin Films Grown by MOCVD Using Ni(dmg)2 as Precursor (1995)

The aim of this study was (i) to investigate alternatives to the very toxic Ni(CO)4, (ii) optimization of the parameters for Ni film growth, and (iii) characterization of the film morphology. The thermal behaviour of the precursors bis(dimethylglyoximato)Ni(II), [Ni(dmg)2], bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptandionato)Ni(II), [Ni(thd)2], N,N'-ethylenebis(2,4-pentandioniminoato)Ni(II), [Ni(enacac)], and bis(2-amino-pent-2-en-4-onato)Ni(II), [Ni(apo)2] were investigated in a model reactor. Furthermore, the evaporation rates of these compounds were determined. Metallic nickel films were obtained using Ni(dmg)2 as precursor. The deposition was carried out in a horizontal quartz reactor at reduced pressure in a hydrogen/helium atmosphere. The films were analysed by profilometry, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), fourpoint resistivity measurements and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Comparison of the AFM and ESCA data with the electrical resistances resulted in a two layer film model.
Selective Anti-Gene Therapy for Cancer: Principles and Prospects. (1992)

Oligodeoxynucleotides can act as antisense complements to target sense sequences of natural mRNAs to selectively regulate gene expression by translation arrest. This is a form of interventional gene therapy. Chemically modified analogs that are nuclease-resistant enable this strategy to be utilized in practice. Of the chemically modified backbone analogs of oligodeoxynucleotides we have used the phosphorothioate (PS) analog, in which a non-bridging phosphate oxygen atom is substituted with a sulfur atom. We have shown that these oligodeoxynucleotide analogs inhibit beta-globin expression in cell free systems, and that they are taken up by cells. Specific sequences have been shown to selectively regulate viral and cellular gene expression, for example the bcl-2 oncogene that is found in ca. 90% of lymphomas. However, the PS analog has certain disadvantages, notably reduced hybridization and non-selective inhibition of translation. We have therefore synthesized a series of (PS-PO) co-polymers and characterized their properties. Other related approaches include catalytic ribozymes, and formation of triplexes by direct interaction of oligomers in the major groove of DNA. In general, a chemically modified oligodeoxynucleotide analog can be regarded as a novel form of informational drug.
An IEEE 802.11a/b/g SoC for Embedded WLAN Applications (2006)

An 802.11 a/b/g wireless LAN SoC for low-power embedded applications is implemented in a 0.18μm CMOS technology. The IC integrates the RF transceiver, digital PHY and MAC, CPU and host interface. For 64QAM OFDM, the 5GHz/2.4GHz TX EVM is -27.4dB/-27.5dB at an output power of -5.2dBm/-3.5dBm. Overall 5GHz/2.4GHz RX sensitivity is -73dBm/-76dBm at 54Mb/s
Expression of the wax-specific condensing enzyme CUTI in Arabidopsis (2000)

The Arabidopsis thaliana gene CUT1 encodes a very-long-chain fatty acid-condensing enzyme required for the production of epicuticular wax in bolting stems. We have examined the expression pattern of CUT1 in Arabidopsis at different developmental stages and under different environmental conditions. RNA blot analysis showed that CUT1 was highly expressed in shoots, but not in roots. CUT1 expression was detectable throughout development. Light was required for CUT1 expression, and expression was increased by salt and drought treatments. The promoter region of the CUT1 gene was cloned, and 1.2 kb of the sequence 5' to the translation start codon was used to direct beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression in transgenic plants. Histochemical and fluorometric (quantitative) GUS assays confirmed that the CUT1 promoter directed epidermal-specific expression and was highly active in Arabidopsis and in tobacco. A construct using the CUT1 promoter to drive CUT1 expression (CUT1p-CUT1) was used to transform Arabidopsis. Transgenic plants which had somewhat increased (overexpression) or greatly reduced (co-suppression) wax loads were recovered. Thus, the CUT1 promoter should be useful for genetic engineering applications that require epidermis-specific expression of genes.
lost-a-fin encodes a type I BMP receptor, Alk8, acting maternally and zygotically in dorsoventral pattern formation (2001)

TGFbeta signaling pathways of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) subclass are essential for dorsoventral pattern formation of both vertebrate and invertebrate embryos. Here we determine by chromosomal mapping, linkage analysis, cDNA sequencing and mRNA rescue that the dorsalized zebrafish mutant lost-a-fin (laf) is defective in the gene activin receptor-like kinase 8 (alk8), which encodes a novel type I TGFbeta receptor. The alk8 mRNA is expressed both maternally and zygotically. Embyros that lack zygotic, but retain maternal Laf/Alk8 activity, display a weak dorsalization restricted to the tail and die by 3 days postfertilization. We rescued the laf dorsalized mutant phenotype by alk8 mRNA injection and generated homozygous laf/alk8 mothers to investigate the maternal role of Laf/Alk8 activity. Adult fish lacking Laf/Alk8 activity are fertile, exhibit a growth defect and are significantly smaller than their siblings. Embryos derived from homozygous females, which lack both maternal and zygotic Laf/Alk8 activity, display a strongly dorsalized mutant phenotype, no longer limited to the tail. These mutant embryos lack almost all gastrula ventral cell fates, with a concomitant expansion of dorsal cell types. During later stages, most of the somitic mesoderm and neural tissue circumscribe the dorsoventral axis of the embryo. Zygotic laf/alk8 mutants can be rescued by overexpression of the BMP signal transducer Smad5, but not the Bmp2b or Bmp7 ligands, consistent with the Laf/Alk8 receptor acting within a BMP signaling pathway, downstream of a Bmp2b/Bmp7 signal. Antibodies specific for the phosphorylated, activated form of Smad1/5, show that BMP signaling is nearly absent in gastrula lacking both maternal and zygotic Laf/Alk8 activity, providing further evidence that Laf/Alk8 transduces a BMP signal. In total, our work strongly supports the role of Laf/Alk8 as a type I BMP receptor required for the specification of ventral cell fates.
Derive d'Isoxazol. II. Synthesis et Structure de la Sulfiodizole N<SUP>1</SUP>-Acylee et Ses homologues (1966)

La structure des derives bis-sulfonyles d'amino-3 halo-4 methyl-5 isoxazol a eteconfirmee chimiquement comme les imides bis-sulfonylees correspondantes en position 3, sans aucune possibilite comme des composes en genre de sulfonyl-2 sulfonylimino-3 halo-4 methyl-5 isoxazoline-4. Une methode nouvelle de preparation de la Sulfiodizole N1-acetylee ou benzoylee a ete presentee au depart de nitro-4 N-(methyl-5 isoxazolyl-3)-benzenesulfonamide, au moyen d'iodination, acylation, et reduction de nitro a l'amine primaire, successivement.
Reducing Photocurable Polymer Pattern Shrinkage and Roughness during Dry Etching in Photo-Nanoimprint Lithography (2004)

When we apply a photocurable polymer to photo-nanoimprint lithography, dry etching is necessary to remove the remaining photocurable polymer after imprinting. During dry etching, it is necessary to achieve pattern profiles with small pattern shrinkage, smooth surface, and low edge roughness. Room-temperature etching resulted in serious pattern shrinkage, but this was markedly reduced by substrate cooling (temperature -120°C). We obtained pattern shrinkage ranging from a maximum of 23 nm to a minimum of 4 nm under optimum etching conditions. We found that the surface of the photocurable polymer became rough and a large amount of polymer residue still remained after removing the remaining photocurable polymer. We obtained a smooth substrate surface by increasing both the RF power and total flow rate of the SF 6 /O 2 gas mixture. Under optimum etching conditions, we obtained fine etch profiles of the photocurable polymer with a surface roughness of 2.5 nm, reduced pattern shrinkage, and a 3 nm line edge roughness.
Differences in Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen Associations Between Immune Responsiveness and Risk of Disease Following Intramammary Infection with Staphylococcus aureus (1995)

This study evaluated the relationships between immune response, disease resistance, and bovine leukocyte antigens, BoLA, in Holstein cows following intramammary challenge with Staphylococcus aureus. This investigation was to determine whether immune responsiveness differed between these cows and whether differences were related to expression of class I BoLA antigens, which might explain the increased resistance or susceptibility to S. aureus mastitis. Antibody responses to S. aureus in milk and serum, total IgG1 in milk, and blastogenic responses with and without concanavalin A were evaluated. The CA42 allele, previously associated with increased risk of infection, was relatively uninformative for the immune response parameters examined. Other alleles, such as W3, were associated with higher milk antibody responses to S. aureus and higher milk IgG1 postchallenge. Alleles W7, W4, and W26 were associated with lower milk IgG1 and lower antibody titers in serum postchallenge. The association reported between allele CA42 and increased risk of S. aureus mastitis did not relate to lower antibody or blastogenic responses by these cows; however, indicators of innate resistance were not examined. In addition, the different associations detected between milk and serum emphasize the importance of considering mucosal immunity and unique immunological compartments when searching for relevant genetic markers of disease resistance.
Layered agent system architecture for personalized retrieval of information from Internet (2000)

The article focuses on the architecture of the agent system designed for personalized data retrieval from the Internet. As a consequence of the explosion of the World Wide Web, an increasing amount of information is stored in repositories all over the Web. We suggest three-layered architecture of the agent system including user side layer, which contains user profile and personalization module, information source layer and an intermediary layer offering accompanying services such as authentication and service registration. Such architecture enables inclusion of different information sources, personalization of search results and later enhancements of the system.
Sinusoidal modeling using frame-based perceptually weighted matching pursuits (1999)

We propose a method for sinusoidal modeling that takes into account the psychoacoustics of human hearing using a frame-based perceptually weighted matching pursuit. Working on blocks of the input signal, a set of sinusoidal components for each block is iteratively extracted taking into consideration perceptual significance by using extensions to the well known matching pursuits algorithm. These extensions allow including information about the time-varying masking threshold of the input signal during the pursuit. The blocks overlap-add together to reconstruct the entire signal. Although the perceptually weighted matching pursuit on each block can iterate until the error between the original and the reconstructed signal is zero, lower order approximations are possible by stopping the pursuit when the error becomes imperceptible to the human ear or by stopping the pursuit after a number of the perceptually most significant sinusoidal elements are found. The proposed sinusoidal model finds use in many applications including signal modifications and compression.
Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation of Opioid Receptor Signaling (2000)

Cloning of multiple opioid receptors has presented opportunities to investigate the mechanisms of multiple opioid receptor signaling and the regulation of these signals. The subsequent identification of receptor gene structures has also provided opportunities to study the regulation of receptor gene expression and to manipulate the concentration of the gene products in vivo. Thus, in the current review, we examine recent advances in the delineation basis for the multiple opioid receptor signaling, and their regulation at multiple levels. We discuss the use of receptor knockout animals to investigate the function and the pharmacology of these multiple opioid receptors. The reasons and basis for the multiple opioid receptor are addressed.
Silicon Bulk Micromachined High Q Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator Devices with Mo/AlN/Mo Structures (2005)

Fully integrated film bulk acoustic resonators and band pass filters using a bulk micromachining method have been designed, fabricated, and characterized. Aluminum nitride (AlN) has been used for a piezoelectric material and Molybdenum (Mo) was employed as top and bottom electrodes. Also, Ti seed layers were used in order to obtain highly c-axis oriented AlN piezoelectric films. The film bulk acoustic resonators fabricated with highly c-axis oriented AlN films showed good performances such as an effective mechanical coupling coefficient of 7.5% and a quality factor of 1530. The band pass filter consisted of seven film bulk acoustic resonators with a high quality factor exhibited a transmission loss of −3.2 dB, a ripple of 1.2 dB in pass band, and attenuation values of −38 dB and −49 dB at both band boundaries, respectively.
Comparison of total costs of administering calcium polycarbophil and psyllium mucilloid in an institutional setting. (1990)

The total cost of administering calcium polycarbophil per unit dose (two tablets) was compared with that of administering psyllium mucilloid (one packet dissolved in 8 oz of water) in 20 elderly nursing-home residents. Times for printing labels, checking and initialing labels, gathering materials needed, and preparing and administering the medications were recorded during at least 50 observations in each treatment group. Total cost included nurses' and pharmacists' time, materials, and medications. Calcium polycarbophil doses were prepared and administered more quickly (mean, 49.5 sec) than psyllium mucilloid (105.3 sec). The mean cost of preparing and administering a unit dose was 28.2 for calcium polycarbophil tablets and 59.9 for psyllium mucilloid. The results suggest that the use of calcium polycarbophil tablets would save time and money in institutions in which laxatives are frequently administered.
Mussel-designed Protective Coatings for Compliant Substrates (2008)

The byssus of marine mussels has attracted attention as a paradigm of strong and versatile underwater adhesion. As the first of the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa)-containing byssal precursors to be purified, Mytilus edulis foot protein-1 (mefp-1) has been much investigated with respect to its molecular structure, physical properties, and adsorption to surfaces. Although mefp-1 undoubtedly contributes to the durability of byssus, it is not directly involved in adhesion. Rather, it provides a robust coating that is 4-5 times stiffer and harder than the byssal collagens that it covers. Protective coatings for compliant tissues and materials are highly appealing to technology, notwithstanding the conventional wisdom that coating extensibility can be increased only at the expense of hardness and stiffness. The byssal cuticle is the only known coating in which high compliance and hardness co-exist without mutual detriment; thus, the role of mefp-1 in accommodating both parameters deserves further study.
Acholeplasma florum, a New Species Isolated from Plants (1984)

Three acholeplasmas isolated from floral surfaces of healthy plants in Florida were found to be similar in their biochemical and serological properties. These organisms did not require serum or cholesterol for growth, although addition of some supplementary fatty acids (as represented by Tween 80) was necessary for growth to occur in serum-free medium. The three strains possessed biochemical properties typical of the Acholeplasmataceae and were distinguished from the nine previously recognized Acholeplasma species by serological and deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization techniques. The genome molecular weight of the three Acholeplasma strains was 109, and the guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid was 27 to 28 mol%. On the basis of these results and other morphological, biological, and serological properties, we propose that these organisms represent a new species, Acholeplasma florum. Strain L1 (= ATCC 33453) is the type strain.
Conformationally restrained analogs of sympathomimetic catecholamines. Synthesis, conformational analysis and adrenergic activity of isochroman derivatives (1993)

In previous papers dealing with the study of the conformations and the biopharmacological activity of conformationally restrained analogs of sympathomimetic catecholamines (NE and ISO), proposals were advanced for the three-dimensional molecular models A, B, and C; these models provided information about the steric requirements for the direct activation of alpha 1, alpha 2,beta 1, and beta 2 adrenoceptors, respectively. The 1-(aminomethyl)-6,7-dihydroxyisochromans 11 and 12 and the 1-(aminomethyl)-5,6-dihydroxyisochromans 13 and 14 (1-AMDICs) are two different types of semirigid analogs of NE and ISO. The alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2 adrenergic properties of the 1-AMDICs 11-14 were evaluated in vitro, both by radioligand binding assays and by functional tests on isolated preparations, and were compared with those of their parent compounds (NE and ISO). The results of a conformational study carried out by means of both 1H NMR spectrometry and theoretical calculations indicated that, in these 1-AMDICs, the presumed active groups (aryl moiety, amine nitrogen and benzylic ethereal oxygen) are in a spatial relationship corresponding to the one found for NE and ISO in their preferred conformations, which also proved to be the pharmacophoric conformation in the models A-C. By means of a comparison of the stereostructures of the 1-AMDICs 11-14 with their biopharmacological properties, it was possible to obtain a further definition of the model B with respect to the activation of the alpha 2 adrenoceptors; the superimposition of the 1-AMDICs 11 and 12 with the molecular model C made it possible to detect an area of the beta-adrenergic receptors which might hinder the fit of adrenergic drugs that are analogs of catecholamines with these receptors.