gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Unconfined Compression of Articular Cartilage (1984)

Analytical solutions have been obtained for the internal deformation and fluid-flow fields and the externally observable creep, stress relaxation, and constant strain-rate behaviors which occur during the unconfined compression of a cylindrical specimen of a fluid-filled, porous, elastic solid, such as articular cartilage, between smooth, impermeable plates. Instantaneously, the "biphasic" continuum deforms without change in volume and behaves like an incompressible elastic solid of the same shear modulus. Radial fluid flow then allows the internal fluid pressure to equilibrate with the external environment. The equilibrium response is controlled by the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the solid matrix.
Characterization of the Insulin and Somatomedin-C Receptors in Human Placental Cell Membranes (1974)

Human placentas have been used to further investigate the binding of insulin and somatomedin to cell membrane receptors. Conditions for optimal binding of 125I-insulin were defined for both participate membrane preparations and membranes solubilized in Triton X-100. Human placental membranes are a rich source of high affinity insulin receptors. As in previous studies with rat liver and fat cell preparations, only somatomedin and proinsulin were effective competitors for binding to the insulin receptor. These findings were used to define the optimal conditions for a competitive binding assay for insulin and insulin-like peptides. This assay had threshold sensitivities of 10 μU/ml for insulin and less than 0.1 U/ml for somatomedin. Incubation at 4 C for 15–18 hr essentially eliminated proteolytic degradation of the labeled hormone and led to strikingly better binding than was observed at higher temperatures. A highly purified preparation of somatomedin-C labeled with radioactive iodine was found to bind preferentially to a highly specific placental receptor different from the insulin receptor. Using identical membrane preparations and incubation conditions, the binding of 131I-somatomedin-C was 100 times more sensitive to competition by unlabeled somatomedin than when 125I-insulin was used as the label. Furthermore, neither insulin nor a wide variety of other hormones tested competed with 131I-somatomedin-C for binding except at high molar concentrations. A competitive binding assay utilizing labeled somatomedin-C has proven useful in monitoring the purification of somatomedin and measuring somatomedin levels in unextracted plasma. With this technique, significant differences were found between plasma somatomedin-C levels in hypopituitary, normal and acromegalic subjects.
Precision Digital Instrument for Calculation of Heart Rate and R-R Interval (1975)

An economical precision digital heart rate meter has been constructed for use in general laboratory EKG studies and especially as a diagnostic aid in pacemaker clinics. The instrument features a digital method for rate computation with no calibration required, a system test feature and ability to measure and digitally display both heart rate in beats per minute (bpm) and R-R interval in miliseconds.
Diagnosis of Zika Virus Infections: Challenges and Opportunities (2017)

Accurate diagnosis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections has become a pressing need for the effective prevention and control of the epidemic. The findings that ZIKV infections are associated with birth defects and neurologic disease, and that the virus can be sexually transmitted, accentuate the need for accurate diagnostic testing for different applications new to the arbovirus field. Antibody response to related flaviviruses has long been known to be cross-reactive, and antibody detection of ZIKV is nonspecific in populations previously exposed to any of the four dengue viruses or West Nile virus, or vaccinated against yellow fever virus. Therefore, the diagnosis of ZIKV infections has increasingly depended on detection by nucleic acid tests. During the recent epidemic, tests authorized for emergency use have been utilized by public health laboratories and the commercial sector, but a more dependable and responsive diagnostic testing has yet to be developed.
Chimpanzees and supporting models in the study of malaria pre-erythrocytic stages (1994)

Chimpanzees are being used in the study of immune response to Plasmodium falciparum malaria pre-erythrocytic stages (MPES). Responses induced by immunisation with recombinant/synthetic antigens and by irradiated sporozoites are being evaluated in a model system that is phylogenetically close to humans and that is amenable to limited manipulation not possible in humans. The value of chimpanzees for the in-depth study of immunological mechanisms at work in MPES-induced protection are discussed. A total number of 7 chimpanzees have been used to evaluate the immune response to recombinant antigens, and 5 have been challenged with large numbers of sporozoites, followed by surgical liver-wedge resection, in order to generate infected liver tissue for histological and immunological studies. As a complementary model, SCID mice carrying live, transplanted human and primate hepatocytes have been inoculated with sporozoites and infection of transplanted cells has been monitored by histological and immunological methods. In ongoing experiments chimpanzees are being immunised with MPES-derived lipopeptides that have been shown to overcome MHC restriction in mice, and with irradiated sporozoites.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: an effective adjuvant for protein and peptide-based vaccines (1996)

Abstract The current studies evaluate granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as a vaccine adjuvant. An important issue for developing vaccine therapy for human malignancy is identifying adjuvants that can elicit T-cell responses to proteins and peptides derived from “self” tumor antigens. GM-CSF, in vitro, stimulates the growth of antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Initial experiments examined whether GM-CSF injected into the skin of rats could affect the number or character of antigen presenting cells, measured as class II major histocompatability complex expressing cells, in lymph nodes draining the injection site. Intradermal (id) inoculation of GM-CSF every 24 hours for a total of five inoculations resulted in an increase of class II+ fluorescing cells that peaked at the fourth inoculation. Subcutaneous (sq) inoculation resulted in an increase of class II+ fluorescing cells that peaked following the second inoculation, then decreased over time. Using this schema for “conditioning” the inoculation site, GM-CSF was administered id or sq for five injections and a foreign antigen, tetanus toxoid (tt), was given at the beginning or the end of the immunization cycle. Id immunization was more effective than sq at eliciting tt specific immunity. In addition, GM-CSF id, administered as a single dose with antigen, compared favorably with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and alum in eliciting tt specific antibody and cellular immunity. We have shown that immunity to rat neu (c-erbB-2) protein, an oncogenic self protein, can be generated in rats by immunization with peptides derived from the normal rat neu sequence plus CFA. The current study demonstrates that rat neu peptides inoculated with GM-CSF could elicit a strong delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) response, whereas peptides alone were non-immunogenic. GM-CSF was as effective as CFA in generating rat neu specific DTH responses after immunization with a neu peptide based vaccine. Soluble GM-CSF is a potent adjuvant for the generation of immune responses to foreign proteins as well as peptides derived from a self tumor antigen.
Origin, differentiation and renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small intestine I. Columnar cell (1974)

Abstract The columnar cells, i.e., the cells which contain neither mucous globules, nor entero‐endocrine granules, nor Paneth type secretion, were investigated independently of other cells in duodenum, jejunum and ileum using light and electron microscopy as well as radioautography in mice sacrificed at various times after single injection or continuous infusion of 3 H‐thymidine. The columnar cells exhibit local differences allowing their classification into four sub‐groups: (a) The crypt‐base columnar cells are immature proliferative cells occupying the nine lowest cell positions of the crypt on the average. (b) The mid‐crypt columnar cells occupy the next positions up to 19 in ileum and 27 elsewhere; they proliferate and show features gradually changing from undifferentiated ones near the base to partially differentiated ones higher up. (c) The crypt‐top columnar cells occupy the rest of the crypt; they do not divide but they continue to differentiate. (d) Finally, the villus columnar cells are fully differentiated absorptive cells. Cryp‐base and mid‐crypt columnar cells take up 3 H‐thymidine label prior to division. With time after a 3 H‐thymidine injection, the intensity of their labeling decreases, while heavily labeled columnar cells appear in crypt‐top by six hours and on the villus by 12 and more hours. Hence, columnar cells migrate. The migration is associated with gradual differentiation from the immature crypt‐base columnar cells to the mature villus columnar cells. The latter eventually reach the villus tips where they drop into the lumen. The columnar cells constitute a large majority of the epithelial cells (95, 94 and 89% in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, respectively). Hence, they are likely to play a key role in the renewal of the epithelium in the three regions of the small intestine. The turnover time of columnar cells estimated from results of continuous 3 H‐thymidine infusion is 3.3 days in duodenum and 3.4 days in jejunum. Evidence from turnover time data indicates that the mitoses of columnar cells produce more cells than required for their own renewal. Presumably some of the mitoses give rise to cells of a type other than columnar.
Affinity labeling of the virginiamycin S binding site on the bacterial ribosome (1990)

Virginiamycin S (VS, a type B synergimycin) inhibits peptide bond synthesis in vitro and in vivo. The attachment of virginiamycin S to the large ribosomal subunit (50S) is competitively inhibited by erythromycin (Ery, a macrolide) and enhanced by virginiamycin M (VM, a type A synergimycin). We have previously shown, by fluorescence energy transfer measurements, that virginiamycin S binds at the base of the central protuberance of 50S, the putative location of peptidyltransferase domain [Di Giambattista et al. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 3540-3547]. In the present work, the ribosomal protein components at the virginiamycin S binding site were affinity labeled by the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester derivative (HSE) of this antibiotic. Evidence has been provided for (a) the association constant of HSE-ribosome complex formation being similar to that of native virginiamycin S, (b) HSE binding to ribosomes being antagonized by erythromycin and enhanced by virginiamycin M, and (c) a specific linkage of HSE with a single region of 50S, with virtually no fixation to 30S. After dissociation of covalent ribosome-HSE complexes, the resulting ribosomal proteins have been fractionated by electrophoresis and blotted to nitrocellulose, and the HSE-binding proteins have been detected by an immunoenzymometric procedure. More than 80% of label was present within a double spot corresponding to proteins L18 and L22, whose Rfs were modified by the affinity-labeling reagent. It is concluded that these proteins are components of the peptidyltransferase domain of bacterial ribosomes, for which a topographical model, including the available literature data, is proposed.
A preferable look—APL in window-based environments (1990)

Currently, most APL systems are line and workspace oriented. It will be shown how a modern APL could fit into a window-based, event driven environment. To achieve this goal, a future user interface in an experimental environment is sketched by presenting its language environment, the editor and the debugging facility.
Analysis of the murine All-1 gene reveals conserved domains with human ALL-1 and identifies a motif shared with DNA methyltransferases. (1993)

A series of translocation break points found in a subset of human acute leukemias have one of the breaks on human chromosome 11q23. This region has recently been cloned and a large gene, ALL-1, with homology to the Drosophila trithorax gene has been identified. This paper describes the cloning, sequencing, and mapping of the mouse homolog of ALL-1. We have found a motif present in All-1 that shows homology to the zinc-binding domain of DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.63). Sequence analysis of the murine All-1 gene has identified distinct regions of homology with the human ALL-1 gene; these highly conserved domains may define regions of functional significance in mammals. In addition, we have identified alternatively spliced forms of All-1 within one of the zinc-finger domains, suggesting that there may be different targets and/or functions for All-1 proteins. Finally, we report that All-1 resides in the proximal portion of mouse chromosome 9 and is a candidate for a mutation that results in skeletal transformations during embryonic development.
Prostaglandin F2 alpha induces cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in vitro and cardiac growth in vivo (1996)

Several prostaglandins [prostaglandin (PG) A2, -B2, -D2, -E2, -F2 alpha, and -I2 and carbaprostacyclin] and the thromboxane analogue U-46619 were analyzed for the ability to induce hypertrophy of rat neonatal cardiac ventricular myocytes. Myocyte hypertrophy was induced specifically by PGF2 alpha. Myocytes exposed to this prostanoid in culture increased in size and protein content. The contractile fibrils within the cells became organized into parallel arrays, and the cells tended to cluster and beat spontaneously. PGF2 alpha also induced the expression of c-fos, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), and alpha-skeletal actin in these cells. The effects of PGF2 alpha were compared with several known cardiac myocyte hypertrophy factors (phenylephrine, endothelin-1, leukemia inhibitory factor, cardiotrophin-1, and angiotensin II). PGF2 alpha was found to be intermediate in potency among the factors but induced a level of ANF production that was approximately 10-fold higher than any of the other effectors. Responsiveness to PGF2 alpha was not limited to neonatal cardiocytes. Ventricular myocytes isolated from adult rats also responded specifically to PGF2 alpha with a morphological change similar to that observed with phenylephrine and by producing ANF. In rats, chronic administration of fluprostenol, a potent agonist analogue of PGF2 alpha, resulted in a dose-dependent increase in heart weight- and ventricular weight-to-body weight ratios. The amount of PGF2 alpha extractable from the hearts of rats with cardiac hypertrophy induced by myocardial infarction was also found to be greater than that in sham-operated control rats. These results indicate that PGF2 alpha may play an important role in inducing cardiac hypertrophy.
Integral Grating Coupler On An Optical Fiber (1986)

A diffraction grating etched on the thinned cladding of a single-mode optical fiber offers the convenience of a compact, self-aligned, high-data-rate, wavelength-specific coupler. Various possible arrangements could permit detection or insertion of single- or multi- wavelength signals on a fiber bus. We demonstrated the fabrication of a chirped grating on the cladding of a single-mode fiber by holographic exposure of photoresist followed by argon-ion etching of the fused silica cladding, resulting in grooves with a depth of about 50 nm. This demonstration was done both on the cladding (where coupling to the core would be negligible), and on fibers etched close to the core. Recent work by others has demonstrated the requisite polishing techniques to obtain evanescent-wave coupling of the grating to the fiber core. Our calculations of expected diffraction efficiency generally agree with recently published experiments.
Opioids and the immune system: implications for clinical practice (2004)

Juz ponad 100 lat temu obserwowano niekorzystny wplyw opioidow na uklad immmunologiczny. Od tego
czasu zgromadzono wiele dowodow na to, ze opioidy oddzialują na rozne elementy tego ukladu, takie jak
makrofagi, granulocyty, komorki NK czy cytokiny. Jednakze wiekszośc wnioskow oparta jest na badaniach 
in vitro albo na modelach zwierzecych. Prawdopodobnie istnieją trzy mechanizmy immunosupresji wywolanej
opioidami, a mianowicie bezpośrednie dzialanie na receptory opioidowe na komorkach immunologicznych
oraz dzialanie pośrednie - poprzez wplyw na uklad adrenergiczny i uwalnianie steroidow. Nadal nie wiadomo, jakie znaczenie w praktyce klinicznej mają wszystkie te obserwacje.
W artykule omowiono miedzy innymi rozne kontrowersyjne problemy dotyczące wplywu leczenia opioidami
na rozwoj infekcji, przebieg zakazenia HIV-1 czy oddzialywania na chorobe nowotworową. Nadal istnieje
potrzeba przeprowadzenia badan klinicznych, ktore pozwolilyby na wyjaśnienie tych wątpliwości.
ERIS, an endoplasmic reticulum IFN stimulator, activates innate immune signaling through dimerization (2009)

We report here the identification and characterization of a protein, ERIS, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) IFN stimulator, which is a strong type I IFN stimulator and plays a pivotal role in response to both non-self-cytosolic RNA and dsDNA. ERIS (also known as STING or MITA) resided exclusively on ER membrane. The ER retention/retrieval sequence RIR was found to be critical to retain the protein on ER membrane and to maintain its integrity. ERIS was dimerized on innate immune challenges. Coumermycin-induced ERIS dimerization led to strong and fast IFN induction, suggesting that dimerization of ERIS was critical for self-activation and subsequent downstream signaling.
Optical Clocks and Relativity (2010)

Observers in relative motion or at different gravitational potentials measure disparate clock rates. These predictions of relativity have previously been observed with atomic clocks at high velocities and with large changes in elevation. We observed time dilation from relative speeds of less than 10 meters per second by comparing two optical atomic clocks connected by a 75-meter length of optical fiber. We can now also detect time dilation due to a change in height near Earth's surface of less than 1 meter. This technique may be extended to the field of geodesy, with applications in geophysics and hydrology as well as in space-based tests of fundamental physics.
Speech-enabled information retrieval in the automobile environment (1999)

With the advances in speech recognition and wireless communications, the possibilities for information access in the automobile have expanded significantly. We describe four system prototypes for (i) voice-dialing, (ii) Internet information retrieval-called InfoPhone, (iii) voice e-mail, and (iv) car navigation. These systems are designed primarily for hands-busy, eyes-busy conditions, use speaker-independent speech recognizers, and can be used with a restricted display or no display at all. The voice-dialing prototype incorporates our hands-free speech recognition engine that is very robust in noisy car environments (1% WER and 3% string error rate on the continuous digit recognition task at 0 db SNR). The InfoPhone, voice e-mail, and car navigation prototypes use a client-server architecture with the client designed to be resident on a phone or other hand-held device.
Detection of Microdeletion 22q11.2 in a Fetus by Next-Generation Sequencing of Maternal Plasma (2012)

Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of subchromosomal fetal genomic anomalies is feasible with next-generation sequencing.
The pUL37 tegument protein guides alpha-herpesvirus retrograde axonal transport to promote neuroinvasion (2017)

A hallmark property of the neurotropic alpha-herpesvirinae is the dissemination of infection to sensory and autonomic ganglia of the peripheral nervous system following an initial exposure at mucosal surfaces. The peripheral ganglia serve as the latent virus reservoir and the source of recurrent infections such as cold sores (herpes simplex virus type I) and shingles (varicella zoster virus). However, the means by which these viruses routinely invade the nervous system is not fully understood. We report that an internal virion component, the pUL37 tegument protein, has a surface region that is an essential neuroinvasion effector. Mutation of this region rendered herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) incapable of spreading by retrograde axonal transport to peripheral ganglia both in culture and animals. By monitoring the axonal transport of individual viral particles by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, the mutant viruses were determined to lack the characteristic sustained intracellular capsid motion along microtubules that normally traffics capsids to the neural soma. Consistent with the axonal transport deficit, the mutant viruses did not reach sites of latency in peripheral ganglia, and were avirulent. Despite this, viral propagation in peripheral tissues and in cultured epithelial cell lines remained robust. Selective elimination of retrograde delivery to the nervous system has long been sought after as a means to develop vaccines against these ubiquitous, and sometimes devastating viruses. In support of this potential, we find that HSV-1 and PRV mutated in the effector region of pUL37 evoked effective vaccination against subsequent nervous system challenges and encephalitic disease. These findings demonstrate that retrograde axonal transport of the herpesviruses occurs by a virus-directed mechanism that operates by coordinating opposing microtubule motors to favor sustained retrograde delivery of the virus to the peripheral ganglia. The ability to selectively eliminate the retrograde axonal transport mechanism from these viruses will be useful in trans-synaptic mapping studies of the mammalian nervous system, and affords a new vaccination paradigm for human and veterinary neurotropic herpesviruses.
Human c-myc onc gene is located on the region of chromosome 8 that is translocated in Burkitt lymphoma cells. (1982)

Human sequences related to the transforming gene (v-myc) of avian myelocytomatosis virus (MC29) are represented by at least one gene and several related sequences that may represent pseudogenes. By using a DNA probe that is specific for the complete gene (c-myc), different somatic cell hybrids possessing varying numbers of human chromosomes were analyzed by the Southern blotting technique. The results indicate that the human c-myc gene is located on chromosome 8. The analysis of hybrids between rodent cells and human Burkitt lymphoma cells, which carry a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14, allowed the mapping of the human c-myc gene on region (q24 leads to qter) of chromosome 8. This chromosomal region is translocated to either human chromosome 2, 14, or 22 in Burkitt lymphoma cells.
Lamotrigine monotherapy for control of neuralgia after nerve section (2002)

We conclude that lamotrigine may be beneficial in the treatment of neuralgia after nerve section following the failure of previous pharmacological or surgical attempts.