gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TIS10, a phorbol ester tumor promoter-inducible mRNA from Swiss 3T3 cells, encodes a novel prostaglandin synthase/cyclooxygenase homologue (1991)

TIS10 is a primary response gene whose cDNA was cloned as a result of its rapid, superinducible expression in Swiss 3T3 cells in response to 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. The 5'-untranslated region of the 3.9-kilobase TIS10 message contains only 124 nucleotides, whereas the 3'-untranslated region is almost 2 kilobases in length. Within this long 3' region, there are multiple repeats of the sequence ATTTA, a sequence often present in rapidly degraded mRNA species. Primer extension revealed that the TIS10 cDNA begins 16 base pairs downstream of the transcription start site for the TIS10 gene. The TIS10 cDNA encodes a predicted protein of 604 amino acids. A computer search identified striking similarities between the predicted TIS10 protein product and the murine, sheep, and human prostaglandin synthase/cyclooxygenase proteins. The TIS10 protein has many of the same conserved amino acids that are thought to be important for cyclooxygenase function. TIS10 mRNA is undetectable by Northern analysis in quiescent 3T3 cells. The TIS10 gene is rapidly and transiently induced by forskolin and serum, as well as by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, in Swiss 3T3 cells. These agents elicit far more dramatic changes in TIS10 mRNA levels than in cyclooxygenase mRNA levels. The expression of the TIS10 gene appears to be highly cell type-restricted in cultured cell lines; of 12 cell lines tested under superinducing conditions, only the rodent embryonic Swiss 3T3 and Rat1 cell lines expressed TIS10 gene.
Laser dicing of chip scale and silicon wafer scale packages (2004)

Singulation of PCB based chip scale packages as well as the dicing of silicon based flip chip or wafer scale packaging is becoming critical. With the use of batch processes for PCB circuit fabrication and chip mounting, it becomes highly desirable to move away from standard diamond blade dicing techniques. The advent of silicon based packaging and wafers with a variety of odd form factor silicon chips and custom ASIC devices have caused further limitations to be encountered during dicing. It was inevitable that the inherent limitations of fixed row and column diamond saws would lead to the development and acceptance of free form trepanning capabilities offered by laser dicing and/or singulation. This paper will cover laser dicing and/or singulation of both chip scale and wafer scale-packaging materials. Initially the paper will outline material types with an emphasis on laser materials interactions and the selection of appropriate laser wavelengths for optimum process performance. Further explanations, formulas and basic laser nomenclature will also be discussed to familiarize those individuals who do not have experience with laser technology. The main body of the paper will focus on process parameters, processing rates, debris mitigation techniques, beam delivery configurations, substrate mounting, lasers types and cut quality achieved in the various materials outlined in the first section of the paper. The final section of the paper will summarize the quality of the process and the associated costs of using laser technology as compared to diamond saw technology.
Evidence for functional role of εPKC isozyme in the regulation of cardiac Na+ channels (2001)

Investigation of the role of individual protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in the regulation of Na + channels has been largely limited by the lack of isozyme-selective modulators. Here we used a novel peptide-specific activator (εV1–7) of εPKC and other peptide isozyme-specific inhibitors in addition to the general PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to dissect the role of individual PKCs in the regulation of the human cardiac Na + channel hH1, heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Peptides were injected individually or in combination into the oocyte. Whole cell Na + current ( I Na ) was recorded using two-electrode voltage clamp. εV1–7 (100 nM) and PMA (100 nM) inhibited I Na by 31 ± 5% and 44 ± 8% (at −20 mV), respectively. These effects were not seen with the scrambled peptide for εV1–7 (100 nM) or the PMA analog 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (100 nM). However, εV1–7- and PMA-induced I Na inhibition was abolished by εV1–2, a peptide-specific antagonist of εPKC. Furthermore, PMA-induced I Na inhibition was not altered by 100 nM peptide-specific inhibitors for α-, β-, δ-, or ηPKC. PMA and εV1–7 induced translocation of εPKC from soluble to particulate fraction in Xenopus oocytes. This translocation was antagonized by εV1–2. In native rat ventricular myocytes, PMA and εV1–7 also inhibited I Na ; this inhibition was antagonized by εV1–2. In conclusion, the results provide evidence for selective regulation of cardiac Na + channels by εPKC isozyme.
Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells From Human Umbilical Cord Ameliorate Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Rats: Factors to Consider (2017)

Xuan, Yan-Yan MD; Wu, Yi-Yi MD; Xie, Yi-Lian MD; Chu, Jin-Guo MD; Li, Guo-Xiang MD; Wang, Li-Ping MD Author Information
Renomedullary Interstitial Cell Endothelin A Receptors Regulate BP and Renal Function (2020)

Disruption of renomedullary interstitial cell endothelin A receptors reduces BP and increases salt and water excretion associated with enhanced production of intrinsic renal natriuretic and diuretic factors. These studies indicate that renomedullary interstitial cells can modulate BP and renal function under physiologic conditions.
Activity and expression pattern of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in the embryonic mouse nervous system (1993)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) was originally isolated on the basis of its close primary sequence homology to the human cdc2 serine/threonine kinase, the prototype of the cyclin-dependent kinases. While kinase activities of both cdc2 and cdk2 are detected in proliferating cells and are essential for cells to progress through the key transition points of the cell cycle, cdk5 kinase activity has been observed only in lysates of adult brain. In this study, we compared the activity and expression of cdk5 with that of cdc2 and cdk2 in the embryonic mouse forebrain. The expression and activity of cdk5 increased progressively as increasing numbers of cells exited the proliferative cycle. In contrast, the expression and activity of cdc2 and cdk2 were maximum at gestational day 11 (E11) when the majority of cells were proliferating and fell to barely detectable levels at E17 at the end of the cytogenetic period. Immunohistochemical studies showed that cdk5 is expressed in postmitotic neurons but not in glial cells or mitotically active cells. Expression of cdk5 was concentrated in fasciculated axons of postmitotic neurons. In contrast to other cell division cycle kinases to which it is closely related, cdk5 appears not to be expressed in dividing cells in the developing brain. These observations suggest that cdk5 may have a role in neuronal differentiation but not in the cell division cycle in the embryonic nervous system.
Issues and techniques in touch-sensitive tablet input (1985)

Touch-sensitive tablets and their use in human-computer interaction are discussed. It is shown that such devices have some important properties that differentiate them from other input devices (such as mice and joysticks). The analysis serves two purposes: (1) it sheds light on touch tablets, and (2) it demonstrates how other devices might be approached. Three specific distinctions between touch tablets and one button mice are drawn. These concern the signaling of events, multiple point sensing and the use of templates. These distinctions are reinforced, and possible uses of touch tablets are illustrated, in an example application. Potential enhancements to touch tablets and other input devices are discussed, as are some inherent problems. The paper concludes with recommendations for future work.
Visible Light-Driven H2 Production by Hydrogenases Attached to Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Nanoparticles (2009)

A study of hybrid, enzyme-modified nanoparticles able to produce H(2) using visible light as the energy source has been carried out to establish per-site performance standards for H(2) production catalysts able to operate under ambient conditions. The [NiFeSe]-hydrogenase from Desulfomicrobium baculatum (Db [NiFeSe]-H) is identified as a particularly proficient catalyst. The optimized system consisting of Db [NiFeSe]-H attached to Ru dye-sensitized TiO(2), with triethanolamine as a sacrificial electron donor, produces H(2) at a turnover frequency of approximately 50 (mol H(2)) s(-1) (mol total hydrogenase)(-1) at pH 7 and 25 degrees C, even under the typical solar irradiation of a northern European sky. The system shows high electrocatalytic stability not only under anaerobic conditions but also after prolonged exposure to air, thus making it sufficiently robust for benchtop applications.
The impact of genomics on the exploitation of the myxobacterial secondary metabolome (2009)

Covering: 2000 to 2009
Long Range Unmanned Aircraft System for Power Line Inspection of Brazilian Electrical System (2014)

Power line inspection is an essential procedure in the power lines maintenance area, especially thinking about service availability and energy efficiency. Aerial inspection of electric power transmission lines is typically performed using human-piloted helicopters, which is a procedure that is both expensive and prone to accidents taking risks to human beings' lives. The work presents a solution based on UAS (unmanned aircraft system) for inspecting power lines. In this context a R & D project of an unmanned aircraft system to be used for performing complete aerial inspection of overhead power lines is being executed by ITA (Instituto Tecnolgico de Aeronutica) (Technological Institute of Aeronautics) in Brazil. Special attention is dedicated to the communication system conception in order to comply with Remotely Piloted Aircraft System definition in the context of long endurance operations of the system. It presents a solution based on LTA (lighter than air) platform in order to extend the communication range beyond line of sight.
Epidermal naevus in Proteus syndrome showing loss of heterozygosity for an inherited PTEN mutation (2006)

A 3-year-old boy with Proteus syndrome has a novel germline p.Y68D mutation of the PTEN gene inherited from his mother who has Cowden syndrome. In addition, DNA extracted from curettings of his widespread epidermal naevus shows loss of heterozygosity for this mutation. To our knowledge, this has not been described before.
Dysfunction of chromosomal loop attachment sites: illegitimate recombination linked to matrix association regions and topoisomerase II. (1989)

A family of A + T-rich sequences termed MARs ("matrix association regions") mediate chromosomal loop attachment. Here we demonstrate that several MARs both specifically bind and contain multiple sites of cleavage by topoisomerase II, a major protein of the mitotic chromosomal scaffold. Interestingly, "hotspots" of enzyme cutting occur within the MAR of the mouse immunoglobulin kappa-chain gene at the breakpoint of a previously described chromosomal translocation. Since topoisomerase II can mediate illegitimate recombination in prokaryotes, we explored further the possibility that MARs might be targets for this process in eukaryotes. We found that a MAR had been deleted from one of the two rabbit immunoglobulin kappa-chain genes and that MARs reside next to a long interspersed repetitive element within the recombination junction of a human ring chromosome 21. These results, taken together with other accounts of nonhomologous recombination, lead to the proposal that a dysfunction of MARs is illegitimate recombination.
A System for Shuttling 200-kb BAC/PAC Clones into Human Cells: Stable Extrachromosomal Persistence and Long-Term Ectopic Gene Activation (1998)

A novel shuttle vector, pBH140, has been constructed that allows stable maintenance of large genomic inserts as human artificial episomal chromosomes (HAECs) in mammalian cells. The vector, essentially a hybrid BAC-HAEC, contains an F-based replication system as in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent origin of replication system, oriP, for replication in human cells. A 185-kb DNA insert containing the entire human beta-globin locus, including its locus control region (LCR), was retrofitted into this vector. The resulting beta-globin BAC-HAEC clone, p148BH, was transfected into human cells and analyzed for episomal maintenance and expression of the beta-globin gene. FISH revealed an association of the vector with different human chromosomes but no integration. The beta-globin BAC-HAECs were present at an average copy number of 11-15 per nucleus in the stably transformed human cells. After 1 year of continuous in vitro cultivation, the HAECs persisted as structurally intact 200-kb episomes. While no beta-globin transcription could be detected in the parental D98/Raji cells, correctly spliced RT-PCR products were produced at significant levels in long-term cultures of the BAC-HAEC-transduced cells. The wide availability of BAC and PAC libraries, the ease in manipulating cloned DNA in bacteria, and the episomal stability of the pBH140 vector make this system ideal for studies on gene expression and other genomic functions in human cells. The potential significance of large, functionally active episomes for gene therapy is discussed.
Windows nt one-class masquerade detection (2005)

Previous research has mainly studied UNIX system command line users, while here we investigate Windows system users, utilizing real network data. This work primarily focuses on one-class support vector machine (SVM) masquerade detection. One-class training requires only the user's own legitimate sessions to build up the user's profile. The one-class approach offers significant ease of management of the roster of users, in that the addition of new users or deletion of legacy ones requires much smaller effort compared to the multiclass case. Two-class SVM study has also been carried out for the purpose of comparison. ROC scores have been computed to use to compare the performance in detecting different masqueraders. The two-class training achieves a 63% hit rate with a low false alarm rate (about 3.7%), comparable to the best UNIX system results. The results of one-class training show a detection rate of about 66.7% with a corresponding false alarm rate of about 22%. Even though the one-class training approach results in some sacrifice of performance for false alarms, the gains in ease of roster management and reduction in training needed may be more desirable in some practical environments.
Stoichiometry of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) complex: each TCR/CD3 complex contains one TCR alpha, one TCR beta, and two CD3 epsilon chains. (1994)

The stoichiometry of the subunits that comprise the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) complex is not completely known. In particular, it is uncertain whether TCR alpha and TCR beta proteins are present in the TCR complex as one or multiple heterodimeric pairs. In this study we have used mice transgenic for two different TCR alpha and two different TCR beta proteins to determine the number of TCR alpha and TCR beta chains in a single TCR complex. Individual thymocytes and splenic T cells from double TCR transgenic mice simultaneously expressed all four transgenic TCR proteins on their surfaces. Because the individual TCR alpha and individual TCR beta proteins were biochemically distinguishable, we were able to examine association among the transgenic TCR products. We found that each TCR alpha chain paired with each TCR beta chain, but that each TCR complex contained only one TCR alpha and one TCR beta protein. Furthermore, quantitative immunofluorescence revealed that T cells expressed twice as many CD3 epsilon as TCR beta proteins. These findings demonstrate that there are precisely one TCR alpha, one TCR beta, and two CD3 epsilon chains in each TCR/CD3 complex expressed on the surfaces of both thymocytes and mature T cells.
MicroRNA identification in plasma and serum: a new tool to diagnose and monitor diseases (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by degrading or blocking translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) targets. MiRNAs play important regulatory roles in a variety of cellular functions as well as in several diseases, including cancer. MiRNA-specific expression profiles have been reported for several pathological conditions. Recently, the discovery of miRNAs in serum opens up the possibility of using miRNAs as biomarkers of disease. In this review, we discuss the potential use of miRNAs as clinically diagnostic biomarkers of various cancers and other diseases as well as the approaches used to detect these molecules in serum and plasma.
Enforced BCL2 expression in B-lymphoid cells prolongs antibody responses and elicits autoimmune disease. (1991)

The biological functions of the BCL2 gene were investigated in transgenic mice harboring human BCL2 cDNA under the control of an immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer (E mu). Mice of a representative transgenic strain, E mu-bcl-2-22, had a great excess of B lymphocytes, immunoglobulin-secreting cells, and serum immunoglobulins, attributable to increased longevity of B-lineage cells. Pre-B and plasma cells as well as B cells exhibited prolonged survival in culture. Immunized animals produced an amplified and protracted antibody response. Within the first year of life, most mice spontaneously produced antibodies to nuclear antigens, and 60% developed kidney disease, diagnosed as immune complex glomerulonephritis. Thus E mu-bcl-2-22 mice constitute a transgenic model for a systemic autoimmune disease resembling the human disorder systemic lupus erythematosus.
Drug delivery by red blood cells (2011)

Drug delivery is a growing field of interdisciplinary activities that combine the use of new materials with the biochemical properties of selected drugs, with the aim of improving their therapeutic action and reducing their toxicity. In few cases, proper medical devices have been also realized to implement new drug delivery modalities. In this article, we have summarized available information and our experience on the use of autologous Red Blood Cells as carriers for drugs to be released within the vascular system. This is not a comprehensive review, but it focuses on the mechanisms that are available to distribute drugs in circulation by carrier red blood cells and provide illustrative examples on how this is currently obtained. We have not included a summary of clinical data collected in recent years using this technology but simply provided proper references for the interested readers. Finally, a special attention is devoted to the possibility of entrapping, into autologous red blood cells, recombinant drug-binding proteins. This new strategy is opening the way at a new modality to influence the vascular distribution of drugs by realizing a dynamic circulating container (the engineered red cell) capable of reversible binding and transportation of one or more drugs of interest selected on the bases of the red cell entrapped target proteins. This new modality is not yet fully developed and explored but will certainly provide a technical solution to the problem of stabilizing drug concentration in circulation improving drug efficacy and reducing drug toxicity.
IT in 2010: The Next Frontier (2006)

In 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005, the authors held focus groups with IT leaders from about 15 companies, asking the question, â€œWhat will the IT organization look like five years from now?â€ Each participant was asked to comment on the previous sessionâ€™s predictions and give their predictions for the next five years. This article presents the 2005 focus groupâ€™s predictions. Three previous papers have discussed the 1990, 1995, and 2000 focus group predictions.The 2005 focus group foresaw changes to IT from 2005 to 2010 in 10 areas: * The mission of the IT organization will change from fostering business transformation (in 2005) to fostering business intelligence (helping the enterprise know more about itself and its environment in 2010). * The role of the IT function will change from strategy mobilization (carrying out business strategy in 2005) to strategy collaboration (collaborating with the business in formulating strategy in 2010). * ITâ€™s management style will change from anticipatory (i.e., trying to anticipate business strategy (which was predicted in 2000 but did not materialize by 2005) to architectural (creating the appropriate enterprise, process, and information frameworks to enable flexibility in 2010). * ITâ€™s self-image will change from seeing itself as a catalyst for new forms of business value (in 2005) to becoming an enterprise leader in business transformation and innovation (in 2010). * The focus of IT governance will change from creating a federated network (based on the adoption of external and open standards in 2005) to true horizontal integration (using these standards for competitive advantage in 2010). * Internal IT controls will change from focusing on adding business value (in 2005) to adding enterprise value (in 2010). * IT staffing priorities will change from emphasizing business technologists (staff with business and technical competencies in 2005) to business-technology â€œconductorsâ€ (leaders with IT and business skills who can coordinate complex initiatives involving many different participants in 2010). * System development will change from assembly (in 2005) to orchestration of solutions (in 2010). * Hardware and software management will change from a minefield (with a multiplicity of proprietary offerings in 2005) to standardized (based on open standards in 2010). * ITâ€™s impact on the workplace will change from fostering a boundaryless enterprise workplace (in 2005) to a flexible workplace (with virtual and brick-and-mortar complementing each other in 2010).
Studies on Development of Polyacrilonitrile-based Activated Carbon Fiber. V. Changes of Pore and Adsorption Capacity of Polyacrylonitrile-based Activated Carbon Fiber (PAN-ACF) in Activation. (1993)

アクリロニトリル繊維(PAN-Fibers)を空気中で225～260℃の温度で3～5時間酸化した。この酸化繊維(Oxidized PAN-Fibers)を水蒸気中で900℃ の温度にて賦活し,得られた活性炭素繊維(PAN-ACF)の細孔容積,細孔分布,ヨウ素,メチレンブルー,ビタミンB12の吸着能を測定しピッチ活性炭素繊維(Pitch-ACF)およびフェノール系活性炭素繊維(Pheno1-ACF)と比較検討した。その結果,PAN-ACFはPitch-ACF,およびPhenol-ACF系に比べ,細孔半径20～100A(メソポア)近傍の細孔容積が,賦活時間にして約10分以上(比表面積950m2/g以上)になると著しく増大する傾向が認められた。ビタミンB12の吸着能においてはPAN-ACFの場合,賦活時間が約10分(比表面積で950m2/g)を越えると吸着能が急増する傾向が認められた。一方,メソポアの発達しにくいPitch-ACFおよびPhenol-ACFの賦活時間が10分では吸着能が低く,30分まで賦活を進めた活牲炭素繊維(比衷面積1700～2000m219)においても15～25mg/gと低い吸着量を示した。これらの結果から,PAN-ACFがビタミンB12の吸着能において高い吸着性能を示す要因として,Pitch-ACFまたはPhenol-ACFに比べより高いメソポア容積が存在するためと推察される。
Use of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Fetal Aneuploidies (2006)

With the advent of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), it is now possible to measure nucleic acid concentrations with an accuracy that was not possible only a few years ago. Examples are the analysis of gene expression or gene duplications/losses, where twofold differences in nucleic acid concentration have routinely been determined with almost 100% accuracy. As our primary interest is in prenatal diagnosis, we have investigated whether real-time PCR could be used for the diagnosis of chromosomal anomalies, in particular the aneuploidies such as trisomy 21, where the difference in copy number is only 50%. The feasibility of such an approach was first tested in a pilot study, in which we were able to demonstrate that trisomy 21 samples could be detected with 100% specificity. We have recently modified this test in order to permit the simultaneous analysis of trisomies 18 and 21, and have in a large scale analysis demonstrated that our approach can be used for the highly reproducible and robust detection of only 1.5-fold differences in gene copy number.