gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification, Production, and Characterization of Murine Monoclonal Antibody (LO-22) Recognizing 12 Native Species of Human Alpha Interferon (1984)

The present study describes the development of a murine monoclonal antibody (LO-22) directed against 12 native species of HuIFN-alpha. Mice were immunized with purified HuIFN-alpha preparations containing all native species of HuIFN-alpha and spleen cells from immunized mice were fused with P3X63MS1 mouse myeloma cells. Positive hybridoma clones secreting antibodies to HuIFN-alpha were identified by means of a new, extremely sensitive biological semisolid binding assay which was able to disclose positive hybridoma clones consisting of less than 30 hybridoma cells. Antibody affinity columns, made by the LO-22 IgG and monospecific, but polyclonal rabbit IgG, showed identical binding abilities as demonstrated by comparative affinity chromatographies in that the same number of IFN species (12 in total) were found in eluates from parallel experiments. Since LO-22 IgG also recognizes porcine leucocyte interferon, it is suggested that the LO-22 is directed against a common epitope which has been very well conserved in the HuIFN-alpha system, per se. It is suggested that the LO-22 IgG can be used for purification of all HuIFN-alpha proteins--be they recombinantly derived or native--but exerting the common determinant. Preliminary experiments have shown that the LO-22 IgG is highly suitable for ELISA tests.
Distributed, scalable routing based on link-state vectors (1994)

A new family of routing algorithms for the distributed maintenance of routing information in large networks and internets is introduced. This family is called link vector algorithms (LVA), and is based on the selective diffusion of link-state information based on the distributed computation of preferred paths, rather than on the flooding of complete link-state information based on the distributed computation of preferred paths, rather than on the flooding of complete link-state information to all routers. According to LVA, each router maintains a subset of the topology that corresponds to the links used by its neighbor routers in their preferred paths to known destinations. Based on that subset of topology information, the router derives its own preferred paths and communicates the corresponding link-state information to its neighbors. An update message contains a vector of updates; each such update specifies a link and its parameters. LVAs can be used for different types of routing. The correctness of LVA is verified for arbitrary types of routing when correct and deterministic algorithms are used to select preferred paths at each router. LVA is shown to have smaller complexity than link-state and distance-vector algorithms, and to have better average performance than the ideal topology-broadcast algorithm and the distributed Bellman-Ford algorithm.
Immune Complexes as Immunizing Agents to Increase the Number of Monoclonal Antibody Producing Hybrids and to Deviate the Response to Poorly Immunogenic Epitopes (1990)

The use of immune complexes (IC) in an antibody excess, as immunizing agent, led to a large increase in the mouse polyclonal response to human SIgA. This enhanced response, as compared to SIgA alone, was analysed with mouse polyclonal anti-alpha chain antibodies (Ab). A kinetic study showed an early rise (between days 14 and 21) of the antibody response against the discontinuous epitopes of SIgA while the anti-IgA response increase was delayed. Induction of hybridomas with an IC consisting in SIgA containing an excess of anti-alpha chain Ab, increased 10-fold the number of positive wells. Moreover, two of these MAb were specific for weakly immunogenic epitopes. One recognized only SIgA (anti-C), i.e. the association between the alpha chain and the secretory component (SC), while the other mainly combined to IgA dimers (anti-P). Both these MAb will be useful tools for structural studies and for the dosage of secretory Ab.
Accurate Image Search Using the Contextual Dissimilarity Measure (2008)

This paper introduces the contextual dissimilarity measure, which significantly improves the accuracy of bag-of-features-based image search. Our measure takes into account the local distribution of the vectors and iteratively estimates distance update terms in the spirit of Sinkhorn's scaling algorithm, thereby modifying the neighborhood structure. Experimental results show that our approach gives significantly better results than a standard distance and outperforms the state of the art in terms of accuracy on the Nistér-Stewénius and Lola data sets. This paper also evaluates the impact of a large number of parameters, including the number of descriptors, the clustering method, the visual vocabulary size, and the distance measure. The optimal parameter choice is shown to be quite context-dependent. In particular, using a large number of descriptors is interesting only when using our dissimilarity measure. We have also evaluated two novel variants: multiple assignment and rank aggregation. They are shown to further improve accuracy at the cost of higher memory usage and lower efficiency.
NRF2, a member of the NFE2 family of transcription factors, is not essential for murine erythropoiesis, growth, and development (1996)

The locus control region of the beta-globin gene is composed of four erythroid-specific hypersensitive sites. Hypersensitive site 2 has been shown to be a powerful enhancer and contains a tandem repeat sequence for the transcription factors AP1 and NFE2 (activating protein 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2, respectively). The human NRF2 (NFE2 related factor 2) has been isolated by bacterial expression screening using this core sequence as a probe. p45-NFE2, NRF1, and NRF2 belong to the CNC ("cap 'n' collar") subfamily of the basic region-leucine zipper transcription factors, which exhibits strong homology at specific regions such as the "CNC" and the DNA binding and leucine zipper domains. Although the erythroid-specific p45-NFE2 has been implicated in globin gene regulation, p45-NFE2 null mice succumb to bleedings due to lack of platelets and those that survive exhibit only a mild anemia. To determine the function of NRF2, which we found to be widely expressed in vivo, we have characterized the genomic structure of the mouse NRF2 gene, disrupted the Nrf2 gene by homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells (ES cells), and generated NRF2-/- mice. Homozygous mutant mice developed normally, were not anemic, reached adulthood, and reproduced. Our studies indicate that NRF2 is dispensable for mouse development.
Abstract LB-43: M402, a novel heparin sulphate mimetic, synergizes with gemcitabine to improve survival and reduce metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a genetically engineered mouse model for pancreatic cancer (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play a central role in tumor progression and metastasis by presenting and modulating growth factors, cytokines, and other soluble factors. A novel heparin sulphate mimetic (M402), engineered from heparin to have low anti-coagulant activity, has shown promising anti-tumor efficacy in several pre-clinical tumor models. This study was designed to probe the efficacy and mechanism of action of M402 in a genetically engineered mouse (GEM) model for pancreatic cancer. Methods: Mice that spontaneously develop pancreatic cancer (LSL-KRASG12D/+; Trp53 LSL-R172H/flox; pdx-CRE) were treated with twice weekly i.p. doses of saline or gemcitabine (50 mg/kg) starting at Day 30, or with saline or M402 (40 mg/kg/day) administered by a subcutaneous osmotic minipump from Day 30-90, or with a combination of gemcitabine plus M402. Results: Treatment with M402 alone did not prolong survival and gemcitabine alone showed only a modest improvement in survival; however the combination of M402 and gemcitabine significantly improved survival. Moreover, mice treated with the combination of M402 and gemcitabine showed a substantially lower incidence of metastasis. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that M402 treated mice had significantly lower levels of TGF-alpha mRNA than the saline control group, which is corroborated by a corresponding decrease in tumor cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that M402 treated mice developed reduced areas of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as defined by negative staining for E-Cadherin, strongly positive staining for vimentin and positive nuclear staining for SNAIL. As there is a direct link between EGFR activation and the nuclear localisation of SNAIL we propose that M402 affects gemcitabine sensitivity and metastasis formation by reducing the expression of TGF-alpha. Discussion: M402 increased the anti-tumor efficacy of gemcitabine in a GEM model for pancreatic cancer resulting in increased survival and, interestingly, decreased incidence of metastasis. One potential mechanism is that the observed reduction in EMT may be due to the reduced expression of TGF-alpha, a cognate ligand for EGFR. These data suggest that the EGFR pathway is active in KRAS mutant tumors. Overall, these results provide a rationale for investigating the clinical use of M402 in combination with gemcitabine in the treatment of human pancreatic cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-43.
A 3D electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system for breast cancer detection (2001)

A medical device which allows imaging of the distribution of conductivity in 3D in regions below the skin surface has been developed and tested. Its purpose is to enable early detection and preliminary diagnosis of breast tumours. Design of the measuring system and software are described. Results of clinical evaluation of the system are presented. EIT images of healthy and cancerous breasts are presented and discussed. The system is able to visualize various states of the breast and it may be possible to apply it to breast cancer detection.
Control and applications of nondiffracting beams for laser ablation (2011)

International audience
Prehospital cooling in cardiac arrest - the next frontier? (2009)

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in unconscious survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is now a well-documented part of post-resuscitation care. Implementation of TH into daily clinical practice has been far more successful in the Scandinavian countries than in the rest of the world. Still, many questions remain. One of them is whether prehospital cooling will result in better outcomes.
GROWTH RESPONSE OF A NITROGEN FIXER (ANABAENA FLOS‐AQUAE, CYANOPHYCEAE) TO LOW NITRATE1 (1984)

ABSTRACT Anabaena flos‐aquae (Lyngb.) Bréb. was grown in varying concentrations of nitrate. Specific growth rates, as estimated in batch culture, were constant and approached the maximum rate at all concentrations of NO 3 − ‐N tested bewteen 0 and 400 μ/L. Steady‐state biomass, as determined in semicontinuous culture, did not vary with NO 3 − at slower dilution rates. However at a faster dilution rate, significantly less biomass occurred in intermediate concentrations of NO 3 − than in either higher or lower concentrations. The results indicate that both growth rate and standing crop are maximized by either N 2 fixation or NO 3 − assimilation, but extracellular NO 3 − reduces the rate of N 2 fixation. Consequently, at very low NO 3 − concentrations, growth is virtually maximized by N 2 fixation alone, and at high concentrations of NO 3 − , N 2 fixation is inhibited but growth is maximized by assimilation of NO 3 − . At intermediate concentrations of NO 3 − , growth becomes a function of NO 3 − assimilation augmented by N 2 fixation. In this case, full growth potential is realized only if hydraulic residence time is sufficiently long to compensate for the reduced rate of N 2 fixation. Growth rate and standing crop are not diminished in response to the large amount of energy allocated to N 2 fixation. Instead, other cellular processes are probably affected negatively during N 2 fixation.
Globalizing restricted and segmented markets: Challenges to theory and values in economic sociology (2006)

The efforts by the world's most powerful corporations to develop global markets have spawned a substantial sociological and economic literature on how transnational markets form, what stages characterize market development, and what rules of exchange are most effective. As the authors of a prominent article put it, - the central question is "what kinds of rules and structures promote market activity and what kinds stifle it"(Fligstein and Stone Sweet 2002:1212). Such a goal assumes market activity to be a per se good, part of the grand globalization blueprint for a better society. But as Robert Merton emphasized throughout his writings, such grand purposive actions may have unintended consequences and serve latent functions or dysfunctions. Alejandro Portes (2000), in his extension of Merton's analytic framework, adds four other possibilities pertinent to good research on globalization: concealed goals to achieve covert ends, emergent means and altered outcomes, backfire or results contrary to those intended, and unexpected changes that facilitate outcomes or frustrate them.
Microwave discharges at low pressures and peculiarities of the processes in strongly non-uniform plasma (2015)

Microwave discharges (MD) are widely used as a source of non-equilibrium low pressure plasma for different applications. This paper reviews the methods of microwave plasma generation at pressures from 10−2 approximately to 30 kPa with centimeter–millimeter wavelength microwaves on the basis of scientific publications since 1950 up to the present. The review consists of 16 sections. A general look at MDs and their application is given in the introduction, together with a description of a typical block-schema of the microwave plasma generator, classification of MD, and attractive features of MD. Sections 2–12 describe the different methods of microwave plasma generators on the basis of cavity and waveguide discharges, surface and slow wave discharges, discharges with distributed energy input, initiated and surface discharges, discharges in wave beams, discharges with stochastically jumping phases of microwaves, discharges in an external magnetic field and discharges with a combination of microwave field and dc and RF fields. These methods provide the possibility of producing nonequilibriun high density plasma in small and large chambers for many applications. Plasma chemical activity of nonequilibrium microwave plasma is analyzed in section 13. A short consideration of the history and status of the problem is given. The main areas of microwave plasma application are briefly described in section 14. Non-uniformity is the inherent property of the majority of electrical discharges and MDs are no exception. Peculiarities of physical–chemical processes in strongly non-uniform MDs are demonstrated placing high emphasis on the influence of small noble gas additions to the main plasma gas (section 15). The review is illustrated by 80 figures. The list of references contains 350 scientific publications.
Psychological and psychiatric factors as predictors for success in sacral neuromodulation treatment (2011)

• In the present study there was no evidence that psychological screening with the ABQ or SCL-90-R can predict the outcome of SNM treatment. • Patients with a medical history of psychiatric disease appear to be more likely to encounter AEs with permanent SNM treatment.
Transient Receptor Potential 1 Regulates Capacitative Ca2+ Entry and Ca2+ Release from Endoplasmic Reticulum in B Lymphocytes (2002)

Capacitative Ca(2+) entry (CCE) activated by release/depletion of Ca(2+) from internal stores represents a major Ca(2+) influx mechanism in lymphocytes and other nonexcitable cells. Despite the importance of CCE in antigen-mediated lymphocyte activation, molecular components constituting this mechanism remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that genetic disruption of transient receptor potential (TRP)1 significantly attenuates both Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) currents and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3))-mediated Ca(2+) release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in DT40 B cells. As a consequence, B cell antigen receptor-mediated Ca(2+) oscillations and NF-AT activation are reduced in TRP1-deficient cells. Thus, our results suggest that CCE channels, whose formation involves TRP1 as an important component, modulate IP(3) receptor function, thereby enhancing functional coupling between the ER and plasma membrane in transduction of intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in B lymphocytes.
Safety and Efficacy of INCB018424, a JAK1 and JAK2 Inhibitor, in Myelofibrosis (2010)

INCB018424 was associated with marked and durable clinical benefits in patients with myelofibrosis for whom no approved therapies existed. (Funded by Incyte; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00509899.)
Toxicity evaluation of biodegradable and thermosensitive PEG‐PCL‐PEG hydrogel as a potential in situ sustained ophthalmic drug delivery system (2009)

In this work, a biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG-PCL-PEG, PECE) triblock copolymer was successfully synthesized, which was flowing sol at low temperature and turned to nonflowing gel at body temperature. The toxicity evaluation of PECE hydrogel as a potential in situ sustained opthalmic drug delivery system was performed, including the biodegradability of PECE hydrogel in the eye, its effect on cultured human lens epithelia, intraocular pressure, and ocular tissues. The results indicated that the prepared PECE hydrogel was biocompatible and biodegradable despite of temporary elevated intraocular pressure and slight corneal endothelial damage at specific concentration. Therefore, PECE hydrogel may be a safe candidate for sustained ophthalmic drug delivery system.
Wave-front engineering by use of transparent elastomeric optical elements (1997)

We describe a class of devices based on elastomeric optical phase gratings. These devices operate by reversibly controlling the phase of transmitted or reflected light by mechanical compression of the transparent elastomer. An optical modulator and an element in an optical display demonstrate two possible applications.
DNA binding specificity of the bovine papillomavirus E1 protein is determined by sequences contained within an 18-base-pair inverted repeat element at the origin of replication (1994)

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) DNA replicates episomally and requires two virally expressed proteins, E1 and E2, for this process. Both proteins bind to the BPV-1 genome in the region that functions as the origin of replication. The binding sequences for the E2 protein have been characterized previously, but little is known about critical sequence requirements for E1 binding. Using a bacterially expressed E1 fusion protein, we examined binding of the BPV-1 E1 protein to the origin region. E1 strongly protected a 28-bp segment of the origin (nucleotides 7932 to 15) from both DNase I and exonuclease III digestion. Additional exonuclease III protection was observed beyond the core region on both the 5' and 3' sides, suggesting that E1 interacted with more distal sequences as well. Within the 28-bp protected core, there were two overlapping imperfect inverted repeats (IR), one of 27 bp and one of 18 bp. We show that sequences within the smaller, 18-bp IR element were sufficient for specific recognition of DNA by E1 and that additional BPV-1 sequences beyond the 18-bp IR element did not significantly increase origin binding by E1 protein. While the 18-bp IR element contained sequences sufficient for specific binding by E1, E1 did not form a stable complex with just the isolated 18-bp element. Formation of a detectable E1-DNA complex required that the 18-bp IR be flanked by additional DNA sequences. Furthermore, binding of E1 to DNA containing the 18-bp IR increased as a function of overall increasing fragment length. We conclude that E1-DNA interactions outside the boundaries of the 18-bp IR are important for thermodynamic stabilization of the E1-DNA complex. However, since the flanking sequences need not be derived from BPV-1, these distal E1-DNA interactions are not sequence specific. Comparison of the 18-bp IR from BPV-1 with the corresponding region from other papillomaviruses revealed a symmetric conserved consensus sequence, T-RY--TTAA--RY-A, that may reflect the specific nucleotides critical for E1-DNA recognition.
Human body segmentation based on adaptive feature selection in complex situations (2008)

The human object segmentation and classification are main work in the applications of Intelligent Visual Surveillance System or Passenger Flow Counting System. Traditional approaches to segment and classify human objects are usually based on the face, leg motion and silhouette. These algorithms' performances and their applications have proved to be effective in recent years. But these algorithms all assume that features can always be extracted. In complex situations, however, features adopted in traditional algorithms might not be extracted, because human attitude and illumination change greatly. In this case, if a definite feature is used, the algorithm's accuracy will fall. In this paper we propose an approach to select the feature and the corresponding algorithm adaptively based on the human attitude and object neighborhood illumination. The selected features can be used in the following tracking operation. Because this method solves the human object segmentation and classification problem, it can broad the 3D recovery and behavior understanding research results in simple situations to the application in complex situations. In this paper, the algorithms are proposed for the human attitude and illumination detection, the feature selection strategies in different situation are given. The experimental results show that the algorithm can detect the object lightness properly, and can give the right attitude for feature selection. The algorithms have good performance and computation efficiency.
A Weighted Metric Based Adaptive Algorithm for Web Server Load Balancing (2009)

We propose a load balancing algorithm that adapts its strategies for allocating Web requests based on the Web servers' status. The system used in our experiment comprises of two components: (1) a Prober and (2) an Allocator. The Prober gathers the status information from the Web servers every 50 milliseconds. The status information consists of the load on each Web server and a check for a cache hit. Based on this status information, the Allocator calculates a weighted metric for each server. This metric has three components: (1) CPU load on the server, (2) server's response rate, and (3) the number of requests served by the server. The Allocator chooses the Web server with the least value for this metric. Unique features of this approach are (1) consideration of both the global information (consisting of status at other Web servers) and local information at each Web server to choose the best server to allocate a request, and (2) the algorithm passes the IP address of the chosen Web server to the client that initiated the request and then allows the client to establish a connection with the server directly, thereby eliminating the participation overhead of the intermediate redirector. We compare our algorithm with three different methods: (1) random allocation scheme, (2) round robin allocation scheme, and (3) a recently reported scheme that uses neural networks. Our method is as good as or better (in most cases) in response time, than the other three approaches.