gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Essential oils as spatial repellents for the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (2013)

Abstract The brown marmorated stink bug ( BMSB ), H alyomorpha halys ( S tål), native to N ortheastern A sia, is a serious invasive pest in the U nited S tates, C anada, S witzerland, G ermany and F rance. Several common essential oils and their compositions were tested against BMSB s as potential repellents. All the tested individual essential oils and a ternary oil blend showed significant repellency to both BMSB nymphs and adults. Clove oil, lemongrass oil, spearmint oil, ylang‐ylang oil, and the ternary oil mixture (clove, lemongrass and spearmint) almost completely blocked attraction of BMSB s to the stink bug attractant‐baited traps; whereas wintergreen oil, geranium oil, pennyroyal oil and rosemary oil resulted in 60–85% trap catch reductions. Over 20 BMSB antennally active compounds were identified from SPME headspace samples of the eight repellent essential oils using GC ‐ EAD and GC ‐ MS techniques. Among the synthetic EAD ‐active compounds tested in the field, eugenol, l ‐carvone, p/l ‐menthone, pulegone, methyl salicylate, trans / cis ‐citral, methyl benzoate and β ‐caryophyllene significantly reduced trap catches of BMSB s by 72–99%; these compounds are likely responsible for the repellency of their corresponding essential oils. Surprisingly, a synthetic mixture of the predacious spined soldier bug ( SSB ) [ P odisus maculiventris (Say)] aggregation pheromone ( trans ‐2‐hexenal, α ‐terpineol and benzyl alcohol) also showed a significant inhibition of BMSB response to its attractants. These repellent essential oils and their active compounds, as well as the synthetic SSB pheromone, are potentially useful as part of an efficient, environmentally sound semiochemical‐based IPM programme to combat this serious invasive stink bug.
High heritability of metabolomic profiles in families burdened with premature cardiovascular disease (2009)

Integration of genetic and metabolic profiling holds promise for providing insight into human disease. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is strongly heritable, but the heritability of metabolomic profiles has not been evaluated in humans. We performed quantitative mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling in 117 individuals within eight multiplex families from the GENECARD study of premature CAD. Heritabilities were calculated using variance components. We found high heritabilities for amino acids (arginine, ornithine, alanine, proline, leucine/isoleucine, valine, glutamate/glutamine, phenylalanine and glycine; h(2)=0.33-0.80, P=0.005-1.9 x 10(-16)), free fatty acids (arachidonic, palmitic, linoleic; h(2)=0.48-0.59, P=0.002-0.00005) and acylcarnitines (h(2)=0.23-0.79, P=0.05-0.0000002). Principal components analysis was used to identify metabolite clusters. Reflecting individual metabolites, several components were heritable, including components comprised of ketones, beta-hydroxybutyrate and C2-acylcarnitine (h(2)=0.61); short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines (h(2)=0.39); amino acids (h(2)=0.44); long-chain acylcarnitines (h(2)=0.39) and branched-chain amino acids (h(2)=0.27). We report a novel finding of high heritabilities of metabolites in premature CAD, establishing a possible genetic basis for these profiles. These results have implications for understanding CAD pathophysiology and genetics.
A VAMP-Binding Protein from Aplysia Required for Neurotransmitter Release (1995)

Before the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane, a protein complex is thought to form between VAMP--an integral membrane protein of the vesicle--and two proteins associated with the plasma membrane, SNAP-25 and syntaxin. The yeast two-hybrid interaction cloning system has now been used to identify additional proteins from Aplysia that interact directly with VAMP. A 33-kilodalton membrane protein, termed VAP-33 (VAMP-associated protein of 33 kilodaltons), was identified whose corresponding messenger RNA was detected only in the central nervous system and the gill of Aplysia. Presynaptic injection of antibodies specific for VAP-33 inhibited synaptic transmission, which suggests that VAP-33 is required for the exocytosis of neurotransmitter.
The First General Method for Palladium-Catalyzed Negishi Cross-Coupling of Aryl and Vinyl Chlorides:  Use of Commercially Available Pd(P(t-Bu)3)2as a Catalyst (2001)

With a single protocol, commercially available Pd(P(t-Bu)(3))(2) can effect the Negishi cross-coupling of a wide range of aryl and vinyl chlorides with aryl- and alkylzinc reagents. The process tolerates nitro groups, and it efficiently generates sterically hindered biaryls. In addition, a high turnover number (>3000) can be achieved.
Improved Use of Continuous Attributes in C4.5 (1996)

A reported weakness of C4.5 in domains with continuous attributes is addressed by modifying the formation and evaluation of tests on continuous attributes. An MDL-inspired penalty is applied to such tests, eliminating some of them from consideration and altering the relative desirability of all tests. Empirical trials show that the modifications lead to smaller decision trees with higher predictive accuracies. Results also confirm that a new version of C4.5 incorporating these changes is superior to recent approaches that use global discretization and that construct small trees with multi-interval splits.
Viral mimicry: common mode of association with HCF by VP16 and the cellular protein LZIP (1997)

Upon infection of human cells, the herpes simplex virus protein VP16 associates with the endogenous cell-proliferation factor HCF. VP16 can also associate with HCFs from invertebrates, suggesting that VP16 mimics a cellular protein whose interaction with HCF has been conserved. Here, we show that VP16 mimics the human basic leucine-zipper protein LZIP, which, through association with HCF, may control cell-cycle progression. VP16 and LZIP share a tetrapeptide motif-D/EHXY-used to associate with human HCF. The LZIP-related Drosophila protein BBF-2/dCREB-A contains this HCF-binding motif, indicating that the LZIP-HCF interaction has been conserved during metazoan evolution.
Bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia: influence of conditioning and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis regimens on outcome (1992)

Data for 595 patients with severe aplastic anemia receiving HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplants were analyzed to determine the effect of pretransplant conditioning and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis on outcome. Transplants were performed between 1980 and 1987 and reported to the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. Three conditioning regimens (cyclophosphamide alone, cyclophosphamide plus limited field radiation, and cyclophosphamide plus total body radiation) were studied; none was associated with superior long-term survival. Three GVHD prophylaxis regimens (methotrexate, cyclosporine, and methotrexate plus cyclosporine) were studied. Recipients of cyclosporine with or without methotrexate had a significantly higher probability of 5-year survival (69%, 95% confidence interval 63% to 74%) than patients receiving methotrexate only (56%, 49% to 62%, P less than .003). Higher survival with cyclosporine resulted from decreased risks of interstitial pneumonia (P less than .0002) and chronic GVHD (P less than .005). Additional risk factors adversely associated with survival included infection pretransplant (P less than .004), use of parous or transfused female donors (P less than .005), older patient age (P less than .005), and 20 or more pretransplant transfusions (P less than .006). These data may prove useful in planning randomized clinical trials and in identifying patients at high-risk of treatment failure.
Dynamic key frame presentation techniques for augmenting video browsing (1998)

Because of unique temporal and spatial properties of video data, different techniques for summarizing videos have been proposed. Key frames extracted directly from video inform users about content without requiring them to view the entire video. As part of ongoing work to develop video browsing interfaces, several interface displays based on key frames were investigated. Variations on dynamic key frame "slide shows" were examined and compared to a static key frame "filmstrip" display. The slide show mechanism displays key frames in rapid succession and is designed to facilitate visual browsing by exploiting human perceptual capabilities. User studies were conducted in a series of three experiments. Key frame display rate, number of simultaneous displays, and user perception were investigated as a function of user performance in object recognition and gist determination tasks. No significant performance degradation was detected at display rates up to 8 key frames per second, but performance degraded significantly at higher rates. Performance on gist determination tasks degraded less severely than performance on object recognition tasks as display rates increased. Furthermore, gist determination performance dropped significantly between three and four simultaneous slide shows in a single display. Users generally preferred key frame filmstrips to dynamic displays, although objective measures of performance were mixed. Implications for visual interface design and further questions for future research are provided.
Optimization of continuous queries with shared expensive filters (2007)

We consider the problem of optimizing and executing multiple continuous queries, where each query is a conjunction of filters and each filter may occur in multiple queries. When filters are expensive, significant performance gains are achieved by sharing filter evaluations across queries. A shared execution strategy in our scenario can either be fixed, in which filters are evaluated in the same predetermined order for all input, or adaptive, in which the next filter to be evaluated is chosen at runtime based on the results of the filters evaluated so far. We show that as filter costs increase, the best adaptive strategy is superior to any fixed strategy, despite the overhead of adaptivity. We show that itis NP-hard to find the optimal adaptive strategy, even if we are willing to approximate within any factor smaller than m where m is the number of queries. We then present a greedy adaptive execution strategy and show that it approximates the best adaptive strategy to within a factor O(log2m log n) where n is the number of distinct filters. We also give a precomputation technique that can reduce the execution overhead of adaptive strategies.
Laser assisted and wet chemical etching of silicon nanostructures (2006)

Etching of silicon can be accomplished in a number of ways: in aqueous solutions of fluoride or KOH, or by simultaneous exposure to a gas such as SF6 or HCl and high power laser irradiation. Here we review how laser assisted etching, chemically enhanced laser ablation, and stain etching can be used to create pillars, pores, porosified pillars, and macropores. Pillar dimensions can range from 10μm tall with ∼200nm tips to &amp;gt;100μm high with 10μm tips. Ordered arrays can be produced and sharpening can lead to aspect ratio approaching 104. Porous silicon with a visibly photoluminescent nanocrystalline structure can be made by etching in fluoride solutions. Acidic fluoride+oxidant solutions (stain etchants) allow us to form porous silicon on substrates of arbitrary topology. Moreover, these etchants can be used to control the photoluminescence spectrum of the resulting film, presumably through control of the size distribution of the nanocrystalline structures that are responsible for photoluminescence.
Catalytic Enantioselective O−H Insertion Reactions (2006)

The first effective method for catalytic enantioselective insertions into O-H bonds has been developed. Specifically, a copper/bisazaferrocene catalyst couples alcohols such as 2-trimethylsilylethanol with alpha-aryl-alpha-diazo esters in high yield and good ee.
Kinetics of cytokine expression in melanoma metastases classifies immune responsiveness (2001)

Production of cytokines (CKs) in the tumor micro-environment may modulate tumor-host interactions. However, pre-clinical models often provide conflicting data and there is no established role for CKs as modulators of the natural or treatment-related behavior of tumors. Serial sampling by fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) of identical metastases from patients affected with metastatic melanoma and undergoing IL-2-based vaccination allowed prospective measurement of IL-10, TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 and IFN-gamma transcriptional levels assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Thus, it was possible to prospectively document the expression of markers relevant to a given treatment and follow at the same time the clinical outcome of the lesions left in place. Eight of 27 metastatic lesions completely regressed in response to the treatment and 1 demonstrated >50% shrinkage. These regressions occurred after the follow-up FNA had been obtained. IL-10 transcript was differentially expressed in pre-treatment FNA of responding lesions (t-test p(2) = 0.002). During treatment, INF-gamma transcript levels significantly increased in regressing compared to non-regressing lesions (t-test p(2) = 0.03). These data suggest that the pre-treatment CK profile of the tumor micro-environment may determine clinical responsiveness to immune therapy. Furthermore, temporal changes in CK expression during treatment might describe the biological characteristics of an effective immune response.
Combining Lexical and Grammatical Features to Improve Readability Measures for First and Second Language Texts (2007)

This work evaluates a system that uses interpolated predictions of reading difficulty that are based on both vocabulary and grammatical features. The combined approach is compared to individual grammar-and language modeling-based approaches. While the vocabulary-based language modeling approach outperformed the grammar-based approach, grammar-based predictions can be combined using confidence scores with the vocabulary-based predictions to produce more accurate predictions of reading difficulty for both first and second language texts. The results also indicate that grammatical features may play a more important role in second language readability than in first language readability. 1
Optimal switch-aided flooding operations in ATM networks (2002)

We continue our previous work on switch-aided flooding (SAF) for use in ATM networks. The SAF-based protocols take advantage of hardware-supported cell relay and cell duplication in order to reduce the time needed to disseminate changes in network topology and resource availability. The SAF protocols use a spanning multipoint connection (SMC), which is a hardware-switched network spanning tree, but revert to conventional link-by-link flooding when the SMC is unavailable or under construction. The SAF protocol developed here further constructs a virtual ring topology to provide reliability more efficiently than our earlier protocols. The result is a robust flooding protocol that is guaranteed to deliver a broadcast message to all network switches reachable from the source node, and is (complexity-wise) as efficient as unreliable, hardware-based broadcast. The performance of the protocol in the presence of adverse network topology change events is studied via simulation. The results of the simulation reveal that the proposed flooding protocol delivers network updates several times faster than conventional approaches in normal situations, and is still, on average, twice as fast as conventional approaches in presence of component failures. Furthermore, the bandwidth consumed by a flooding operation is also significantly reduced.
Neurotensin receptors in human neoplasms: High incidence in Ewing's sarcomas (1999)

Receptors for regulatory peptides, such as somatostatin or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), expressed at high density by neoplastic cells, can be instrumental for tumor diagnosis and therapy. Little is known about the expression of neurotensin receptors in human tumors. In the present study, 464 human neoplasms of various types were investigated for their neurotensin receptor content by in vitro receptor autoradiography on tissue sections using 125I-[Tyr3]-neurotensin as radioligand. Neurotensin receptors were identified and localized in tumor cells of 11/17 Ewing's sarcomas, 21/40 meningiomas, 10/23 astrocytomas, 5/13 medulloblastomas, 7/24 medullary thyroid cancers and 2/8 small cell lung cancers. They were rarely found in non-small cell lung cancers and breast carcinomas; they were absent in prostate, ovarian, renal cell and hepatocellular carcinomas, neuroendocrine gut tumors, pituitary adenomas, schwannomas, neuroblastomas and lymphomas. When present, the receptors bound with nanomolar affinity neurotensin and acetyl-neurotensin-(8-13), with lower affinity neuromedin N, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acidneurotensin-(8-13) and SR 48692, but not neurotensin-(1-11). They were all of the NT1 type, without high affinity for levocabastine. Further, in 2 receptor-positive Ewing's sarcomas, neurotensin mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization techniques. Since neurotensin is known to stimulate cell proliferation, the presence of neurotensin receptors in human neoplasia may be of biological relevance, possibly as an integrative part of an autocrine feedback mechanism of tumor growth stimulation.
Structure and biological activity of human homologs of the raf/mil oncogene. (1985)

Two human genes homologous to the raf/mil oncogene have been cloned and sequenced. One, c-raf-2, is a processed pseudogene; the other, c-raf-1, contains nine exons homologous to both raf and mil and two additional exons homologous to mil. A 3' portion of c-raf-1 containing six of the seven amino acid differences relative to murine v-raf can substitute for the 3' portion of v-raf in a transformation assay. Sequence homologies between c-raf-1 and Moloney leukemia virus at both ends of v-raf indicate that the viral gene was acquired by homologous recombination. Although the data are consistent with the traditional model of retroviral transduction, they also raise the possibility that the transduction occurred in a double crossover event between proviral DNA and the murine gene.
Localization of the vegetative form of Clostridium tetani in mouse tumors following intravenous spore administration. (1955)

Summary Mice bearing spontaneous mammary carcinomas, transplanted mammary carcinomas, hepatomas, and sarcomas were given intravenous injections of Cl. tetani spores in doses ranging from 9,000 to 150,000 spores per mouse. All the treated animals died of tetanus 48 hours after spore injection, indicating the germination of the tetanus spores and the formation of the lethal toxin. Nontumor-bearing mice similarly treated remained asymptomatic throughout the 40-day observation period. At various time intervals after spore injection, microscopic examination of the tumors and organs of the Cl. tetani spore-treated, antitoxin-protected mice bearing the previously described tumors revealed that germination of the Cl. tetani spores occurred only in the cancerous tissue and that the vegetative (antigenic) form of the organism remained within the tumor area. Cultures made from portions of the tissues examined microscopically further confirmed spore germination and the exclusive localization of the vegetative form of Cl. tetani in the cancerous sites and demonstrated that this antigen was present in a high concentration.
THE AMP-ACTIVATED/SNF1 PROTEIN KINASE SUBFAMILY: Metabolic Sensors of the Eukaryotic Cell? (1998)

Mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase and yeast SNF1 protein kinase are the central components of kinase cascades that are highly conserved between animals, fungi, and plants. The AMP-activated protein kinase cascade acts as a metabolic sensor or "fuel gauge" that monitors cellular AMP and ATP levels because it is activated by increases in the AMP:ATP ratio. Once activated, the enzyme switches off ATP-consuming anabolic pathways and switches on ATP-producing catabolic pathways, such as fatty acid oxidation. The SNF1 complex in yeast is activated in response to the stress of glucose deprivation. In this case the intracellular signal or signals have not been identified; however, SNF1 activation is associated with depletion of ATP and elevation of AMP. The SNF1 complex acts primarily by inducing expression of genes required for catabolic pathways that generate glucose, probably by triggering phosphorylation of transcription factors. SNF1-related protein kinases in higher plants are likely to be involved in the response of plant cells to environmental and/or nutritional stress.
Caracterización matemática del periodo posdescarga aferente del asta dorsal de la médula espinal (2008)

The nociceptive sensorial signals that enter the dorsal spinal horn (DH) through primary afferents, establish synaptic connections with neuronal circuits of itself, to which descendent supraspinal modulators pathways and/or propriospinals pathways converge too, exerting a powerful inhibiting or excitatory modulation of the nociceptive experience. Objective: to evaluate and characterize mathematically the postdischarge periods of the lumbar evoked potentials (LEP) of the DH in rats. Materials and methods: the experiments were done in male Sprague-Dawley rats; an electrical paired transcutaneal stimulus (20V; 0,2Hz; interstimulus latency of 1- 200ms) was applied. Five pairs of LEP by each interestimulus interval were registered and stored; the N and P waves generated by the second conditioner stimulus (Nc and Pc) were averaged. Results: for interstimulus latencies <7.5 ms the inhibition of the Nc and Pc waves was absolute. The Nc wave showed a
In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of liposomal fenretinide targeted to human neuroblastoma (2003)

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. In advanced disease stages, prognosis is poor and treatments have limited efficacy, thus novel strategies are warranted. The synthetic retinoid Fenretinide (HPR) induces apoptosis in NB and melanoma cell lines. We reported an in vitro potentiation of HPR effects on melanoma cells when the drug is incorporated into GD2-targeted immunoliposomes (anti-GD2-SIL-HPR). We investigated the antitumor activity of anti-GD2-SIL-HPR against NB cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Anti-GD2-SIL showed specific, competitive binding to and uptake by, various NB cell lines. In in vitro cytotoxicity studies, NB cells, incubated with 30 microM HPR entrapped in anti-GD2-immunoliposomes, showed a significant reduction in cellular growth compared to free HPR, HPR entrapped in Ab-free liposomes or anti-GD2 empty liposomes. In an in vivo NB metastatic model, we demonstrated that anti-GD2-SIL-HPR completely inhibited the development of macroscopic and microscopic metastases in comparison to controls. Similar, but significantly less potent, antitumor effect was observed also in mice treated with anti-GD2 immunoliposomes without HPR (anti-GD2-SIL-blank) or anti-GD2 MAb alone (p = 0.0297 and p = 0.0294, respectively, vs. anti-GD2-SIL-HPR). Moreover, our results clearly demonstrated that although anti-GD2 MAb had a strong antitumor effect in this in vivo NB model, 100% curability was obtained only after treatment with anti-GD2-SIL-HPR (p < 0.0001). Anti-GD2 liposomal HPR should receive clinical evaluation as adjuvant therapy of neuroblastoma.