gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Privacy in video media spaces (2005)

This thesis informs the design and development of video media spaces that enrich distributed collaboration and preserve privacy. Video media spaces are fully interconnected multi-person audio/video networks that are usually on all of the time. They have the potential to benefit distributed teamwork by providing rich informal awareness and casual interactions to distance-separated colleagues. However, the problem is that media spaces may be invasive to privacy. Although there are techniques proposed to preserve privacy in video media spaces, e.g., video blurring, their effectiveness and usability are not known. Furthermore, there is insufficient theoretical knowledge about what privacy is and how it should be supported to guide the design of privacy-preserving video media spaces. 
In this thesis I describe four major contributions that fundamentally change our understanding of the nature of privacy, its role in people's daily lives, and how it may be realised in computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) systems. 
First, I developed the COLLABRARY toolkit to rapidly prototype video media spaces and privacy safeguards so that I could understand the human factors of their design, implementation, and use. 
Second, I evaluated the blur and pixelize distortion filtration techniques. These studies suggest that although they are widely suspected to be useful for mitigating privacy issues in video media spaces, these techniques fail to adequately balance awareness and privacy in high-risk scenarios. 
Third, I developed a comprehensive descriptive theory of privacy in video media spaces based on the social, psychological and CSCW literature about privacy. It decomposes privacy into three normative controls for regulating interpersonal boundaries in an embodied dialectic: solitude, confidentiality and autonomy. This theory yields a powerful vocabulary of terms that disambiguate the many interrelated and subtle meanings of “privacy.” 
Lastly, I developed a systematic method for applying the vocabulary of the descriptive theory of privacy to analyse and describe video media space design and use. This method reveals omissions in the way a media space prototype handles privacy and hidden assumptions regarding technology design, use, users, and their contexts. I illustrate this method in several case studies that generate further analytical knowledge about privacy in video media spaces.
Human Kinesin Light (β) Chain Gene: DNA Sequence and Functional Characterization of Its Promoter and First Exon (1996)

Kinesins are tubulin molecular motors whose function is to transport organelles within cells. Very little is known about the regulation of expression of these proteins. We have characterized the gene product of one differentially spliced mRNA of the human light chain kinesin and cloned its promoter region. A full-length kinesin cDNA was translated in vitro in a cell-free system, producing a 70-kDa protein. Using this cDNA as a probe, we isolated and sequenced the promoter, first exon, and part of the first intron of this gene from a genomic lambda EMBL3 human placental DNA library. The whole gene spans more than 90 kb. The beta kinesin promoter region confers only constitutive transcription to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. In permanently transfected human HeLa and NB100 neuroblastoma cells, a reporter gene containing the promoter and part of the first exon of beta kinesin was 75-fold more active than the HSV-tk promoter. The first exon contains the 5'-untranslated sequence capable of forming a stable double-hairpin loop, which functions as a translational enhancer. Its deletion decreases the efficiency of in vitro translation of beta kinesin mRNA and confers increased translation to a CAT reporter gene.
Recombinant feline herpesviruses expressing feline leukemia virus envelope and gag proteins (1990)

We constructed recombinant feline herpesviruses (FHVs) expressing the envelope (env) and gag genes of feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Expression cassettes, utilizing the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter, were inserted within the thymidine kinase gene of FHV. The FeLV env glycoprotein expressed by recombinant FHV was processed and transported to the cell surface much as in FeLV infection, with the exception that proteolytic processing to yield the mature gp70 and p15E proteins was less efficient in the context of herpesvirus infection. Glycosylation of the env protein was not affected; modification continued in the absence of efficient proteolytic processing to generate terminally glycosylated gp85 and gp70 proteins. A recombinant FHV containing the FeLV gag and protease genes expressed both gag and gag-protease precursor proteins. Functional protease was produced which mediated the proteolytic maturation of the FeLV gag proteins as in authentic FeLV infection. Use of these recombinant FHVs as live-virus vaccines may provide insight as to the role of specific retroviral proteins in protective immunity. The current use of conventional attenuated FHV vaccines speaks to the wider potential of recombinant FHVs for vaccination in cats.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of 7-Substituted 3-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones as Selective Inhibitors of pp60c-src (2000)

7-substituted 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones are potent inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases, with some selectivity for c-Src. The compounds were prepared by condensing 4, 6-diaminonicotinaldehyde with 2,6-dichlorophenylacetonitrile and selectively converting the 2- and 7-amino groups of the product to hydroxy and fluoro groups, respectively, by prolonged diazotization in 50% aqueous fluoboric acid. N-Methylation, followed by treatment with aliphatic diamines, aromatic amines, or their derived lithium anions, gave the desired compounds. Selected isomeric 1, 8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones were also prepared in order to evaluate the relative contributions of both ring A aza atoms of the related pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-ones to the inhibitory activity. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to prevent phosphorylation of a model substrate by c-Src, FGF-1 receptor, and PDGF-beta receptor enzymes. Overall, there was a high degree of correlation of the activities against the different kinases, with c-Src being generally the most sensitive to structural changes. 1, 6-Naphthyridin-2(1H)-one analogues bearing basic aliphatic side chains [7-NH(CH(2))(n)()NRR, 7-NHPhO(CH(2))(n)()NRR, or 7-NHPhN(CH(2))(4)NMe] were the most potent against c-Src (IC(50)s of 10-80 nM), showing good selectivity with respect to PDGFR (10-300-fold) but less with respect to FGFR. The 1, 6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones showed broadly similar activity to the analogous pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-ones, whereas the 1, 8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones were at least 10(3)-fold less potent. These results, indicating that the 3-aza atom in the pyrido[2, 3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-ones is mandatory, whereas the 1-aza atom is not, support the published binding model for these compounds to c-Src (J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 1752), where the 3-aza and 2-NH atoms form a bidentate H-bond donor-acceptor motif that interacts with Met341 and the 1-aza atom is not involved in specific binding interactions.
Re-assessment of acidic glycosphingolpids in small-cell-lung-cancer tissues and cell lines (1994)

The occurrence of tumor-associated glycosphingolipids (GSLs) has been documented in a variety of cancer tissues (Hakomori, 1984, 1985, 1989). In the case of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), the monosialoganglioside IV2Fuc-II3NeuAc-Gg4Cer (Fuc-GM1; short notations of gangliosides are according to Svennerholm, 1963), first described from bovine liver (Wiegandt, 1973), was found to be a unique tumor-associated GSL (Nilsson et al., 1984). It is present in up to 90% of all SCLC cases as compared with 25% frequency in non-SCLC, and no occurrence in normal lung (Brezicka et al., 1989, 1992). Thus, Fuc-GM1 may represent a suitable target antigen for immunotherapy of SCLC, and successful experiments have been performed showing tumor-cell killing by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Fuc-GM1, both in vitro and, in a mouse model, in vivo (Brezicka et al., 1991). However, an effective tumor vaccination in humans would require this antigen to be expressed by the primary tumor and also by all metastases. The co-expression of Fuc-GM1 has already been reported in primary tumors and in most but not all metastases of SCLC (Hanquing et al., 1986; Nilsson et al., 1986; Brezicka et al., 1989). In view of the significance this ganglioside may have for possible immunotherapeutical approaches to SCLC and of the difficulty in obtaining a sufficient number of samples for analysis, a re-assessment of Fuc-GM1 expression was made in SCLC primary tumors and their metastases, as well as in established SCLC cell lines. In addition, the possible presence of such gangliosides, that might help to explain the selective tetanus-toxin binding of SCLC cells (Critchley et al., 1986; Heymanns et al., 1989) was investigated. Finally, the typical occurrence of sulfatide in all SCLC tissues and cell lines could be established.
Prognostic significance of insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma (2008)

IMP-3 expression correlates with the metastatic potential of gastric adenocarcinoma and is an independent prognostic factor.
Activating and inactivating mutations of the alpha subunit of Gi2 protein have opposite effects on proliferation of NIH 3T3 cells. (1991)

Previous studies have demonstrated that mutations of highly conserved residues in the alpha subunit of Gs (alpha s) can inhibit either the intrinsic GTPase activity (glutamine-227 to leucine, Q227L) or the ability of the protein to be activated by GTP (glycine-226 to alanine, G226A). We stably transfected NIH 3T3 cells with cDNAs encoding Gi2 alpha subunit (alpha i2) containing either wild-type sequence or the homologous mutations Q205L and G204A. High expression of wild-type alpha i2, Q205L alpha i2, and G204A alpha i2 was confirmed in transfected cells by immunoblot analysis. The overexpression of all three alpha i2 proteins was accompanied by an increase in beta-subunit expression. Q205L alpha i2 was a poor substrate for ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin as compared with wild-type alpha i2. Expression of Q205L alpha i2 markedly decreased forskolin- or cholera toxin-stimulated intracellular cAMP levels in intact cells, confirming the constitutively activated state of the protein. In contrast, G204A alpha i2 increased intracellular cAMP and was resistant to guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate-induced inhibition of ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin, as expected for an inactive alpha i2. Transfection of wild-type, Q205L, or G204A alpha i2 cDNA did not induce focus formation of NIH 3T3 cells. However, overexpression of Q205L alpha i2 induced a decreased serum requirement, a reduced doubling time, and an 8- to 10-fold increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation. Q205L alpha i2 cells formed small colonies in soft agar, demonstrating some degree of anchorage-independent proliferation. Expression of G204A alpha i2 slowed the growth of NIH 3T3 cells. We conclude that alpha i2 plays an important role in regulation of fibroblast growth.
Azo functional polymers : functional group approach in macromolecular design (1992)

Functional Group Reactivity in Polymer Science The Chemistry of Azo Functional Group Introduction Methods of Preparation Characterization Structural Chemistry Properties of Azo Functional Group Conclusion References Azo Functional Polymers-Strategies for Synthesis Introduction Aliphatic Azo Polymers Aromatic Azo Polymers Conclusion References Thermal Chemistry of Azo Functional Polymers Introduction Thermolabile Polymers: A Radical View Heat Resistant Polymers Conclusion References Photochemistry of Azo Functional Polymers Introduction Photochemistry of Azobenzene: CisTrans Isomerism Macromolecular Photochemistry Conclusion References Biodegradation of Azo Functional Polymers Introduction Bacterial Azo Reduction Bacterial Reduction of Polymeric Azo Dyes Design of Biodegradable Aromatic Azo Linkage Types of Biodegradable Drug Delivery Systems Azo Polymers as Chemical Carriers: Degradable Side Chains Azo Polymers as Physical Carriers Polymers of Controlled Lifetime Conclusion References Miscellaneous Specialty Properties of Azo Functional Polymers Introduction Polymeric Azo Dyes Liquid Crystalline Polymers: Made to Order Polymers with Non-Linear Optical Effect Conducting Polymers Conclusion References
Analysis of the role of MHC class II presentation in the stimulation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by antigens targeted into the exogenous antigen-MHC class I presentation pathway (1996)

By conjugation of proteins to beads, Ags can be selectively targeted into the MHC class I pathway of phagocytes in vivo and can stimulate CTL responses. Because phagocytes also present particulate Ag on MHC class II molecules, we examined whether these Ags stimulated concomitant CD4 T cell immunity. Although the priming of CD4 T cells with soluble OVA required adjuvants, particulate Ag was stimulatory when injected in saline. We next examined whether CD4 T cell responses played a role in the generation of CTL to particulate Ag. At low concentrations of Ag, OVA primed CTLs in wild-type mice but not in MHC class II-deficient animals, indicating that MHC class II presentation of Ag was essential for CTL generation. These data both support a model where CD4 T cells collaborate with CTLs as part of a three-cell interaction and identify a phagocyte as the third cell in this reaction. Interestingly, injection of higher concentrations of the same Ag primed equivalent CTL responses in both wild-type and MHC class II-deficient mice. These results indicate that a key variable in determining whether CTL generation is helper cell dependent or independent is the dose of immunogen. This may explain in part why CTL responses to abundant Ags, such as viruses, tend to be helper independent, while responses to less abundant Ags, such as minor histocompatibility Ags, require T helper cells. In addition, these results also point to the potential of using particulate Ags to prime or boost responses in settings with CD4 immunodeficiency.
Hematopoietic cells from mice deficient in wild-type p53 are more resistant to induction of apoptosis by some agents (1993)

Wild-type p53 is a tumor-suppressor gene that can induce cell death by apoptosis when expressed in myeloid leukemic and some other types of tumor cells. However, the question remained as to what extent wild-type p53 is a mediator of apoptosis in normal cells. We have used mice deficient in wild-type p53 to determine whether induction of apoptosis in hematopoietic cells from these p53 deficient mice is defective. We show here that bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells from p53-deficient mice are more resistant to induction of apoptosis when there was only a low concentration of the viability factors granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; interleukins-1 alpha, -3, and -6; or stem cell factor; or when apoptosis was induced in these cells by irradiation or heat shock. The loss of one allele of wild-type p53 was sufficient for increased resistance. The higher resistance to apoptosis in p53-deficient mice was also found in irradiated thymocytes, but not in thymocytes treated with dexamethasone or in mature peritoneal granulocytes. The degree of resistance in irradiated myeloid progenitors and thymocytes showed a dosage effect of the number of wild-type p53 genes. The results show that wild-type p53 is involved in the induction of apoptosis by some agents in normal hematopoietic cells. Loss of wild-type p53 can, therefore, contribute to tumor development by decreasing cell death at low concentrations of viability factors and after exposure to a DNA-damaging agent. The results also show that there are wild-type p53-dependent and -independent pathways of normal cell apoptosis.
Variation of cyclopropenoid fatty acids in cottonseed lipids (1983)

The proportions of the cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPA) esters, malvalate and sterculate, varied little in lipids from individual cottonseeds. Coefficients of variation were 10% and 20% for seeds from a lock and 13 varieties, respectively. Within the seed, variations in CPA concentrations were very large. Cyclopropenoid fatty acid concentration in the lipids decreased from 28% in the root tip to 2% in the top of the axis, and to 0.02% in the portion of the cotyledons nearest to the hull. The axial portion was only ca. 5% of the kernel, yet it contained 75% of the CPA. Distribution of dihydrosterculic acid, the precursor of CPA, was similar to that of CPA. High concentrations of CPA were found in immature seeds, root tip and radicle of germinated seeds, and root tips of cotton plants.
Els fonaments d'una veritable autonomia en els infants petits (2008)

BioPlex and Farrzyme assays had similar overall agreement with the Farr assay, with BioPlex best reflecting disease activity in SLE patients.
Erythrocyte C4d and complement receptor 1 in systemic lupus erythematosus. (2008)

Overlap of erythrocyte C4d and CD35 between SLE and other rheumatic diseases limits their utility as diagnostic tests. However, longitudinal investigation of these assays is warranted, especially given the higher levels in some patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered 2,3‐Dioxoheterocycles. Part 21. Reaction of 1,5‐Diaryl‐4‐ ethoxycarbonyltetrahydropyrrole‐2,3‐diones with 2‐Aminopyridine. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Vandetanib for the Treatment of Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Hereditary Medullary Thyroid Cancer (2010)

PURPOSE There is no effective therapy for patients with distant metastasis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Activating mutations in the RET proto-oncogene cause hereditary MTC, which provides a strong therapeutic rationale for targeting RET kinase activity. This open-label, phase II study assessed the efficacy of vandetanib, a selective oral inhibitor of RET, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, in patients with advanced hereditary MTC. METHODS Patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic hereditary MTC received initial treatment with once-daily oral vandetanib 300 mg. The dose was adjusted additionally in some patients on the basis of observed toxicity until disease progression or any other withdrawal criterion was met. The primary assessment was objective tumor response (by RECIST [Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors]). Results Thirty patients received initial treatment with vandetanib 300 mg/d. On the basis of investigator assessments, 20% of patients (ie, six of 30 patients) experienced a confirmed partial response (median duration of response at data cutoff, 10.2 months). An additional 53% of patients (ie, 16 of 30 patients) experienced stable disease at >/= 24 weeks, which yielded a disease control rate of 73% (ie, 22 of 30 patients). In 24 patients, serum calcitonin levels showed a 50% or greater decrease from baseline that was maintained for at least 4 weeks; 16 patients showed a similar reduction in serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels. The most common adverse events were diarrhea (70%), rash (67%), fatigue (63%), and nausea (63%). CONCLUSION In this study, vandetanib demonstrated durable objective partial responses and disease control with a manageable adverse event profile. These results demonstrate that vandetanib may provide an effective therapeutic option in patients with advanced hereditary MTC, a rare disease for which there has been no effective therapy.
High efficiency side-coupling of light into opticalfibres using imbedded v-grooves (1995)

Transverse v-grooves, directly formed into the side of an optical fibre, totally reflect light incident on the fibre side-wall, directing it along the fibre axis. For a 96 µm core fibre, light incident from a laser diode is coupled into the fibre by the v-groove with 96% coupling efficiency.
Cannabinoid receptor type 2 gene is associated with human osteoporosis (2005)

Osteoporosis is one of the most common degenerative diseases. It is characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) with an increased risk for bone fractures. There is a substantial genetic contribution to BMD, although the genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of human osteoporosis are largely unknown. Mice with a targeted deletion of either the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (Cnr1) or type 2 (Cnr2) gene show an alteration of bone mass, and pharmacological modification of both receptors can regulate osteoclast activity and BMD. We therefore analyzed both genes in a systematic genetic association study in a human sample of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients and matched female controls. We found a significant association of single polymorphisms (P = 0.0014) and haplotypes (P = 0.0001) encompassing the CNR2 gene on human chromosome 1p36, whereas we found no convincing association for CNR1. These results demonstrate a role for the peripherally expressed CB2 receptor in the etiology of osteoporosis and provide an interesting novel therapeutical target for this severe and common disease.
Structure and expression of yeast DPR1, a gene essential for the processing and intracellular localiation of ras proteins (1988)

The ras proteins represent a unique example of membrane proteins which apparently do not utilize the secretory pathway for their membrane localization. Instead, it is believed that palmitic acid, covalently attached to the protein, acts as an anchor to the membranes. Recent identification of yeast mutants defective in the processing of the ras proteins has provided a novel approach for defining these biosynthetic processes. We report here the characterization of yeast DPR1, a gene essential for the processing of the ras proteins. The sequence of the gene indicates that it encodes a protein of 431 amino acids which contains no significant homology with any known proteins. It is a relatively hydrophilic protein with no apparent hydrophobic stretches. The C-terminal half of the encoded protein has an unusually high content of cysteine. The DPR1 gene product has been identified in a cell-free translation system as a protein having an apparent molecular weight of 43 kd. This represents the first step in the investigation of a novel protein-processing pathway, one that is distinct from the secretory pathway.
Low-cost microbioreactor for high-throughput bioprocessing (2000)

The design of a microbioreactor is described. An optical sensing system was used for continuous measurements of pH, dissolved oxygen, and optical density in a 2 mL working volume. The K(L)a of the microbioreactor was evaluated under different conditions. An Escherichia coli fermentation in both the microbioreactor and a standard 1 L bioreactor showed similar pH, dissolved oxygen, and optical density profiles.%The low cost of the microbioreactor, detection system, and the small volume of the fermentation broth provide a basis for development of a multiple-bioreactor system for high-throughput bioprocess optimization.
Differential Effects of Anti–β 2 -Glycoprotein I Antibodies on Endothelial Cells and on the Manifestations of Experimental Antiphospholipid Syndrome (1998)

The results of the study demonstrate the differential effects of various populations of anti-beta2GPI antibodies on endothelial cell activation and on experimental APS.