gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local and Systemic Neutralizing Antibody Responses Induced by Intranasal Immunization with the Nontoxic Binding Domain of Toxin A from Clostridium difficile (1999)

Fourteen of the 38 C-terminal repeats from Clostridium difficile toxin A (14CDTA) were cloned and expressed either with an N-terminal polyhistidine tag (14CDTA-HIS) or fused to the nontoxic binding domain from tetanus toxin (14CDTA-TETC). The recombinant proteins were successfully purified by bovine thyroglobulin affinity chromatography. Both C. difficile toxin A fusion proteins bound to known toxin A ligands present on the surface of rabbit erythrocytes. Intranasal immunization of BALB/c mice with three separate 10-microg doses of 14CDTA-HIS or -TETC generated significant levels of anti-toxin A serum antibodies compared to control animals. The coadministration of the mucosal adjuvant heat labile toxin (LT) from Escherichia coli (1 microg) significantly increased the anti-toxin A response in the serum and at the mucosal surface. Importantly, the local and systemic antibodies generated neutralized toxin A cytotoxicity. Impressive systemic and mucosal anti-toxin A responses were also seen following coadministration of 14CDTA-TETC with LTR72, an LT derivative with reduced toxicity which shows potential as a mucosal adjuvant for humans.
The effects of selective cytokine inhibitory drugs (CC‐10004 and CC‐1088) on VEGF and IL‐6 expression and apoptosis in myeloma and endothelial cell co‐cultures (2004)

Myeloma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured to model in vitro the interactions between myeloma and endothelium, and treated with thalidomide and two selective cytokine inhibitory drugs (SelCIDs, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors). Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to assess production of two key cytokines--vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)--and apoptosis in co-cultured HUVECs and myeloma cells. VEGF was produced by both myeloma cells and HUVECs, while IL-6 was almost exclusively produced by endothelial cells. In co-culture, there was significant up-regulation of VEGF and IL-6 production compared with the sum of separate myeloma and endothelial cell cultures. SelCIDs markedly inhibited production of both cytokines in co-cultures, with CC-10004 being more potent than CC-1088. In addition, SelCIDs induced myeloma cell apoptosis. Apoptosis in co-cultured myeloma cells was significantly lower than in those cultured separately, suggesting that co-culture partially protected myeloma cells from drug-induced apoptosis. This protective effect was probably due to IL-6 produced by endothelial cells in co-culture as addition of anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibody, but not anti-VEGF antibody, abrogated it. In conclusion, SelCIDs can exert their anti-myeloma activity through two mechanisms, i.e. inhibition of VEGF and IL-6 production by interacting myeloma and endothelium and induction of myeloma cell apoptosis.
Analysis of the pesticin receptor from Yersinia pestis: role in iron-deficient growth and possible regulation by its siderophore (1995)

We have sequenced a region from the pgm locus of Yersinia pestis KIM6+ that confers sensitivity to the bacteriocin pesticin to certain strains of Escherichia coli and Y. pestis. The Y. pestis sequence is 98% identical to the pesticin receptor from Yersinia enterocolitica and is homologous to other TonB-dependent outer membrane proteins. Y. pestis strains with an in-frame deletion in the pesticin receptor gene (psn) were pesticin resistant and no longer expressed a group of iron-regulated outer membrane proteins, IrpB to IrpD. In addition, this strain as well as a Y. pestis strain with a mutation constructed in the gene (irp2) encoding the 190-kDa iron-regulated protein HMWP2 could not grow at 37 degrees C in a defined, iron-deficient medium. However, the irp2 mutant but not the psn mutant could be cross-fed by supernatants from various Yersinia cultures grown under iron-deficient conditions. An analysis of the proteins synthesized by the irp2 mutant suggests that HMWP2 may be indirectly required for maximal expression of the pesticin receptor. HMWP2 likely participates in synthesis of a siderophore which may induce expression of the receptor for pesticin and the siderophore.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and their implications in diseases (2000)

Although this represents a relatively recent notion, the implication of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in human diseases is undergoing an exceptionally increasing rate of scientific study, currently involving most specialties of medicine. The present review starts with a survey of 1) the molecular regulatory properties of PPARs, including their interactions with cell transcription, cell signaling pathways, and natural and synthetic ligands; and 2) the biologically functional properties of PPARs, which addresses reversal of universal pathogenesis pathways (eg, inflammation, cell dedifferentiation, vascular tree development), explaining why in most cases the PPAR dependence of human disorders refers to their PPAR-induced therapeutic improvement rather than to their induction by PPAR-altered expression. Recent advances in the specific involvement of PPARs in human disorders covers the following items: 1) insulin resistance (diabetes) and obesity states with their complications (hypertension, dyslipidemia, atheromatosis); 2) cardiovascular disorders with emphasis on atherosclerosis; 3) neoplastic proliferative diseases (breast, gastric, prostate, and colon cancers; liposarcoma, choriocarcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia); and 4) inflammatory diseases (including digestive, cutaneous, and rheumatismal inflammatory processes).
Ptychographic electron microscopy using high-angle dark-field scattering for sub-nanometre resolution imaging (2012)

Diffractive imaging, in which image-forming optics are replaced by an inverse computation using scattered intensity data, could, in principle, realize wavelength-scale resolution in a transmission electron microscope. However, to date all implementations of this approach have suffered from various experimental restrictions. Here we demonstrate a form of diffractive imaging that unshackles the image formation process from the constraints of electron optics, improving resolution over that of the lens used by a factor of five and showing for the first time that it is possible to recover the complex exit wave (in modulus and phase) at atomic resolution, over an unlimited field of view, using low-energy (30 keV) electrons. Our method, called electron ptychography, has no fundamental experimental boundaries: further development of this proof-of-principle could revolutionize sub-atomic scale transmission imaging.
Effective Treatment of Vaginal Atrophy With an Ultra–Low-Dose Estradiol Vaginal Tablet (2008)

I.
Absorbable Mesh Splenorrhaphy for Severe Splenic Injuries: (1991)

Polyglycolic acid mesh has been introduced as a method of controlling hemorrhage in severely damaged spleens. This study examines the effect of splenic wrapping on the immune function of the spleen, and also on its ability to control splenic bleeding in trauma patients. Thirty purebred beagle dogs were divided into three groups and subjected to sham operation (Group 1), splenectomy (Group 2), and splenic wrap (Group 3). Immunologic studies showed no difference between the wrapped group (Group 3) and those with their spleens intact (Group 1) in the induction of specific antibody-producing lymphocytes in splenic tissue after the injection of attenuated Pneumococci. All splenic injuries treated at Cook County Hospital between January 1985 and May 1988 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 60 patients with splenic injuries, 14 underwent mesh splenorrhaphy without mortality or serious complications. This study demonstrates that the immune function of spleen is preserved following mesh splenorrhapy, and that this technique can be used in a clinical setting with safe and efficacious results.
Design of an interactive lumbar puncture simulator with tactile feedback (2002)

A computer-based simulation utilizing high-resolution 3D graphics and a force-feedback device to train students and/or residents in limiter puncture is discussed. The simulator consists of a combination of specialized hardware, custom software running on a high-resolution graphics workstation. The hardware under development for this project is described. The major piece of specialized hardware is the force-feedback needle simulator. Position sensors track the insertion angle or trajectory of the device, while a programmable motor or actuator provides variable resistance to insertion, depending upon which simulated anatomic structures the virtual needle is penetrating. Thus, the student may place the virtual needle at the desired angle and will feel realistic resistance while inserting. If an incorrect trajectory is used and bone is contacted, the resulting sudden sharp increase in resistance would be conveyed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Prevention of Organ Allograft Rejection by a Specific Janus Kinase 3 Inhibitor (2003)

Because of its requirement for signaling by multiple cytokines, Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is an excellent target for clinical immunosuppression. We report the development of a specific, orally active inhibitor of JAK3, CP-690,550, that significantly prolonged survival in a murine model of heart transplantation and in cynomolgus monkeys receiving kidney transplants. CP-690,550 treatment was not associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or lymphoproliferative disease. On the basis of these preclinical results, we believe JAK3 blockade by CP-690,550 has potential for therapeutically desirable immunosuppression in human organ transplantation and in other clinical settings.
Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system in healthy, elderly men: relationship to physical activity (2003)

The aim of the present study was to compare selected markers of oxidative stress and the antioxidant system between groups of men aged 65 or more, differentiated by their level of physical activity. Thirty-one community-dwelling healthy, elderly men (mean age 73.4 +/- 6.1 years) with a good nutritional status participated in the study. The Caltrac accelerometer was used to estimate energy expenditure related to physical activity. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the criteria proposed by Bauman: less active (< 1600 kcal/week) and more active (> 1600 kcal/week). In all the men, plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were determined. The reduced glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in hemolyzed red blood cells were also measured. There were no significant differences in TAS, H2O2 concentrations and the activity of GPx between less and more active men. In the group of more active subjects, plasma levels of GSH were higher, while TBARS concentrations were lower compared with the group of less active men (p < 0.05). Negative correlation between GSH and TBARS levels was observed (r = -0.71; p < 0.01), and GSH concentrations positively correlated with level of physical activity (r = 0.63; p < 0.05). The results indicate that habitual physical activity can favorably affect antioxidant potential and prevent lipid peroxidation in healthy, elderly men.
Rev‐erbα gives a time cue to metabolism (2007)

Normal physiological processes are under control of circadian rhythms. Moreover, certain pathological events, such as cardiovascular accidents (myocardial infarction, stroke) occur more frequently at specific times of the day. Recent observations demonstrate a causal relationship between alterations in circadian rhythmicity and metabolic disorders. Disruption of clock genes results in dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and obesity, all predisposing to atherosclerosis. The nuclear receptor Rev-erb alpha is part of the clock circuitry and plays an important role in keeping proper timing of the clock. Rev-erb alpha also regulates lipid metabolism, adipogenesis and vascular inflammation. Interestingly, Rev-erb alpha also cross-talks with several other nuclear receptors involved in energy homeostasis. Therefore Rev-erb alpha may serve to couple metabolic and circadian signals.
Transcription of the murine iNOS gene is inhibited by docosahexaenoic acid, a major constituent of fetal and neonatal sera as well as fish oils. (1996)

Macrophage activation is deficient in the fetus and neonate when the serum concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are 150 microM, or 10-50-fold higher than in the adult. We now show that DHA inhibits production of nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages stimulated in vitro by IFNgamma plus LPS, or by IFNgamma plus TNFalpha. The half-maximal inhibitory activity of DHA was approximately 25 microM. There were strict biochemical requirements of the fatty acid for inhibition. Polyenoic fatty acids with 22 carbons were more inhibitory than those with 20 carbons. Among 22-carbon fatty acids, those with a greater number of double bonds and a double bond in the n-3 position were more inhibitory. DHA was the most inhibitory of the polyenoic acids we tested. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is the enzyme responsible for the production of NO by macrophages. NO production is initiated after new iNOS enzyme is synthesized following transcription of the iNOS gene. In macrophages stimulated by IFNgamma plus LPS, DHA inhibited accumulation of iNOS mRNA, as measured by Northern blotting, and iNOS transcription, as measured by nuclear run-on assays. We transfected RAW 264.7 macrophages with a construct containing the iNOS promoter fused to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene. DHA inhibited activation of this promoter by IFN gamma plus LPS. By inhibiting iNOS transcription in the fetus and neonate, DHA may contribute to their increased susceptibility to infection.
Synthesis of benzofuro[3,2‐b] quinolin‐6(11H) one and derivatives (1978)

Abstract A new and efficient synthesis of benzof'uro[3,2‐ b ]quinolin‐6(11 H ) one ( 3 ) is reported, by treatment of 2‐ {[(phenoxy)acetyl]amino} benzoic acid ( 6a ) with polyphosphoric acid. An intermediate in the conversion of 3 to 6a , namely, 2‐(3‐benzofuranylamino)benzoic acid ( 7 ), was defined. An improved method for the synthesis of 6a is also described, which was used to prepare analogs ( 6b‐n ) of 6a . In addition, an 11‐alkoxy derivative ( 8 ) and 11‐dialkylamino derivatives ( 10 and 11 ) of benzofuro [3,2‐ b ]quinoline were prepared from 3 .
Liver transplantation and the management of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis in children (2016)

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a constellation of inherited disorders that result in the impairment of bile flow through the liver that predominantly affects children. The accumulation of bile results in progressive liver damage, and if left untreated leads to end stage liver disease and death. Patients often present with worsening jaundice and pruritis within the first few years of life. Many of these patients will progress to end stage liver disease and require liver transplantation. The role and timing of liver transplantation still remains debated especially in the management of PFIC1. In those patients who are appropriately selected, liver transplantation offers an excellent survival benefit. Appropriate timing and selection of patients for liver transplantation will be discussed, and the short and long term management of patients post liver transplantation will also be described.
CMIT &#x2014; A novel cluster-based topology for 3D stacked architectures (2010)

Combining the benefits of 3D IC and Network-on-Chip (NoC) schemes, provides a significant performance gain for 3D stacked architectures. In recent years, Through-Silicon-Via (TSV), employed for inter-layer connectivity (vertical channel), has attracted a lot of interest since it enables faster and more power efficient inter-layer communication across multiple stacked layers. However, the area overhead of TSVs reduces wafer utilization and yield which impact design of 3D architectures using a large number of TSVs. In this paper, we propose a novel stacked topology, named CMIT (Cluster Mesh Inter-layer Topology) for 3D architectures to reduce the area overhead of TSVs and power dissipation on each layer with minimal performance penalty. Experimental results with synthetic test cases demonstrate that the presented topology can save more than 75% of TSV area footprint and reduces more than 10% of power consumption with a negligible performance overhead.
Peptide Nucleic Acid. A Molecule with Two Identities (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeptide Nucleic Acid. A Molecule with Two IdentitiesPeter E. NielsenView Author Information Center for Biomolecular Recognition, Department of Medical Biochemistry & Genetics, Biochemical Laboratory B, The Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3c, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1999, 32, 7, 624–630Publication Date (Web):April 1, 1999Publication History Received29 September 1998Published online1 April 1999Published inissue 1 July 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar980010thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ar980010tresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3536Altmetric-Citations334LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Genetics,Hybridization,Nucleobases,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Initial Clinical Trial of EXOSURF, A Protein-Free Synthetic Surfactant, for the Prophylaxis and Early Treatment of Hyaline Membrane Disease (1991)

EXOSURF is a protein-free surfactant composed of 85% dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, 9% hexadecanol, and 6% tyloxapol by weight. A single dose of 5 mL of EXOSURF per kilogram body weight, which gave 67 mg of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine per kilogram body weight, or 5 mL/kg air was given intratracheally in each of two controlled trials: at birth to neonates 700 through 1350 g (the prophylactic trial, n = 74) or at 4 to 24 hours after birth to neonates greater than 650 g who had hyaline membrane disease severe enough to require mechanical ventilation (the rescue trial, n = 104). In both studies, time-averaged inspired oxygen concentrations and mean airway pressures during the 72 hours after entry decreased significantly (P less than .05) in the treated neonates when compared with control neonates. Thirty-six percent of the treated neonates in the rescue study had an incomplete response to treatment or relapsed within 24 hours, suggesting the need for retreatment in some neonates. In the rescue trial, risk-adjusted survival increased significantly in the treated group. There were no significant differences in intracranial hemorrhages, chronic lung disease, or symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus between control and treated infants in either trial.
Very long instruction work architectures and the ELI-512 (1998)

By compiling ordinary scientific applications programs with a radical technique called trace scheduling, we are generating code for a parallel machine that will run these programs faster than an equivalent sequential machine -we expect 10 to 30 times faster.
A virus in Beechey ground squirrels that is related to hepatitis B virus of humans. (1980)

A virus given the name ground squirrel hepatitis virus (or GSHV), with many of the unique characteristics of human hepatitis B virus (HBV), has been found in Beechey ground squirrels in northern California. Common features include virus morphology, viral DNA size and structure, a virion DNA polymerase that repairs a single-stranded region in the viral DNA, crossreacting viral antigens, and persistent infection with viral antigen continuously in the blood. Although similar, GSHV and HBV Are not identical. The ground squirrel virion has a slightly greater diameter, the viral surface antigens crossreact only partially and, thus, are not identical, and GSHV DNA has two restriction endonuclease EcoRI cleavage sites in contrast to the single site in HBV DNA. Thus, GSHV is a member of the virus group that includes HBV and the virus recently found in woodchucks in the eastern United States and named woodchuck hepatitis virus. It is not yet known how closely the ground squirrel and woodchuck viruses are related.
Topical Putrescine (Fibrostat) in Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars: Phase II Study (1996)

Previous studies indicated that tissue transglutaminase plays a role in the cross-linking of type III procollagen in wound matrices and that this may be inhibited by 50 mM putrescine in vitro. For this reason, the clinical effect of 50 mM putrescine in a eutectic vehicle (Fibrostat) was studied in this phase II double-blind crossover study in 43 patients. Twenty of the patients had had recent surgery and were studied for product safety rather than efficacy. No toxic effects were observed in this group of patients, and only 1 of the 23 unoperated patients had a rash during treatment. The observed effect of Fibrostat versus sham treatment of 1 month's duration in active hypertrophic scar was a significant improvement of hypertrophy in 23 patients during the Fibrostat treatment arm, regardless of the order in which treatment was received. It is suggested that Fibrostat is a safe therapeutic agent for treatment of hypertrophic scar. Clinical examples to illustrate its use are given.
Inhibition of N-linked complex oligosaccharide formation by 1-deoxynojirimycin, an inhibitor of processing glucosidases. (1982)

H3G I Y6Glucosidase activities which remove glucose residues from GlcZMangGlcNAcz and GlclManyGlcNAcz oligosaccharides were obtained in soluble form from Saccharomyces cerevisiae X-2180 without detergent.These two enzyme activities were clearly separated from the GlcsMangGlcNAcz oligosaccharide glucosidase which was shown previously to remove the terminal glucose residue from GlcsMan9GlcNAcz oligosaccharide (Kilker,
[Effects of efferent vagus nerve excitation on inflammatory response in heart tissue in rats with endotoxemia]. (2003)

The results suggested that excitation of the efferent vagus nerve can significantly alleviate the inflammatory response in the heart tissue, thus it might produce a potential protective effect on the heart during endotoxemia in rats.