gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toxin variability during the cell cycle of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense (1997)

Cultures of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense Balech were subjected to conditions that induced two synchronized divisions over a period of 48 h. Before, during, and after this interval, toxin content, toxin composition, and several other physiological parameters were monitored every 2 h for 94 h. Toxin production was discontinuous, induced by light, and always occurred during a defined time frame within the G 1 phase of the cell cycle. Specific toxin production rates were positive for a period of ∼8–10 h in early G 1 and dropped to zero for the remainder of the interphase and mitosis. Analysis of toxin composition showed that cellular concentrations of all the saxitoxin derivatives followed a similar pattern of increase, stabilization, and decrease throughout one generation time. A putative sequence of interconversions between the derivatives could be established, with C2 as the first compound to appear. Division of a subset of the population during the first 24 h of the experiment and the ensuing total synchrony of the culture suggest the existence of two transition points in the cell cycle of this dinoflagellate. The first transition point, at the beginning of G 1 , is light‐dependent and holds the cells in a G 0 ‐like period. The second block point at the end of G 1 is size‐dependent and arrests the cells in G 1 . We propose a model of the cell cycle of A. fundyense in which progression through the cell cycle can be arrested at two different transition points located in G 1 and toxin production is induced by light during G 1 . The restriction off toxin production to a relatively short segment of the cell cycle provides a tool for comparing cells that are and are not synthesizing toxin.
In vitro synthesis of 16S ribosomal RNA containing single base changes and assembly into a functional 30S ribosome (1987)

Functional 30S ribosomes were reconstructed from total Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal proteins and 16S ribosomal RNA synthesized in vitro by T7 RNA polymerase. Up to 700 mol of RNA/mol of template could be obtained. The transcript lacked all ten normally modified bases and had three additional 5' G residues, an A----G change at position 2, and, in 22% of the molecules, one or two extra 3' residues. The synthetic 16S RNA could be assembled into a particle that cosedimented with authentic 30S and was indistinguishable from 30S by electron microscopy. When supplemented with the 50S subunit, the particles bound tRNA to the 70S P site in a codon- and Mg2+-dependent manner. The specific binding activity was 94% that of particles reconstituted with natural rRNA and 52% that of native 30S. Cross-linking to P site bound tRNA was also preserved. Changing C-1400, the residue known to be close to the anticodon of P site bound tRNA, to A had little effect on reconstitution, but the C----G substitution caused a marked inhibition of assembly. tRNA could bind to both reconstituted mutants, but cross-linking was greatly reduced. These results show that none of the modified bases of 16S RNA are essential for P site binding and that position 1400 may be more important for ribosome assembly than for tRNA binding. Base-specific in vitro mutagenesis can now be used to explore in detail the functional properties of individual residues in ribosomal RNA.
Reverse Southern hybridization (1986)

A DNA oligomer 25 nucleotides long which contained an HMT (4'-hydroxymethyl-4,5', 8-trimethylpsoralen) furan side monoadduct to thymidine at a 5'-TpA-3' site was used as a probe for the polylinker sequence present in single-stranded M13 mp19 DNA and in double-stranded pUC 19 DNA. Hybridization and photofixation were carried out simultaneously in solution under conditions approximating the melting temperature of the probe-target hybrid. Use of probe concentrations greater than 10(-8) M permitted hybridization times of a few minutes. Irradiation with near ultraviolet light converted the HMT monoadduct present in hybrid complexes into an interstrand crosslink. Efficient photofixation removed hybrid from the equilibrium distribution and resulted in the formation of additional probe-target complex. After removal of excess probe by centrifugation through a semi-permeable membrane (Centricon-30), samples were electrophoresed through an alkaline agarose gel which was analyzed by autoradiography. When using an HMT-modified 25-mer probe end-labeled with 3,000 Ci/mmole 32P, 0.015 ng (3.8 X 10(6) copies) of M13 DNA could be detected. With this same probe 10 micrograms of denatured human DNA (corresponding to 3.0 X 10(6) copies) did not give a signal.
Effect of Interleukin-8 Gene Silencing With Liposome-Encapsulated Small Interfering RNA on Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth (2008)

Increased IL-8 expression is associated with poor clinical outcome in human ovarian carcinoma, and IL-8 gene silencing decreases tumor growth through antiangiogenic mechanisms.
Naked RNA immunization with replicons derived from poliovirus and Semliki Forest virus genomes for the generation of a cytotoxic T cell response against the influenza A virus nucleoprotein (2001)

The potential of RNA-based vaccines was evaluated for the generation of a protective immune response in the mouse model of influenza type A virus infection using the internal nucleoprotein (NP) as antigen. This antigen is of particular interest, since it has the potential to elicit protective cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against heterologous strains of influenza A virus. In view of the short half-life of RNA, self-replicating RNAs or replicons of the positive-stranded genomes of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and poliovirus were engineered to synthesize the influenza A virus NP in place of their structural proteins. NP expression was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation after transfection of cells with RNA from the SFV (rSFV-NP) and poliovirus (rDeltaP1-E-NP) genome-derived replicons transcribed in vitro. C57BL/6 mice were injected intramuscularly with these synthetic RNAs in naked form. Both replicons, rSFV-NP and rDeltaP1-E-NP, induced antibodies against the influenza virus NP, but only mice immunized with the rSFV-NP replicon developed a CTL response against the immunodominant H-2D(b) epitope NP366. Finally, the protective potential of the CTL response induced by immunization of mice with rSFV-NP RNA was demonstrated by the reduction of virus load in the lungs after challenge infection with mouse-adapted influenza A/PR/8/34 virus and was comparable to the protective potential of the response induced by plasmid DNA immunization. These results demonstrate that naked RNA immunization with self-replicating molecules can effectively induce both humoral and cellular immune responses and constitutes an alternative strategy to DNA immunization.
Human monocytes/macrophages: NO or no NO? (1994)

The production of nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen intermediates by cytokine-activated rodent cells is an important component of antimicrobial and/or antineoplastic activity of these cells. This pathway involves the oxidation of arginine to citrulline, with the concomitant release of NO by an inducible form of NO synthase (iNOS). Numerous cell types express iNOS after stimulation with bacterial products and/or cytokines. The role of NO and its derivatives in host resistance is a subject of intense investigation in mouse models of infections or neoplasia. Although human cells such as hepatocytes and endothelial cells have been shown to express an inducible NO synthase, the presence of such a pathway in human monocytes/macrophages has been questioned by many investigators and is a subject of great controversy. In this short review, we discuss some salient points of this debate.
Analysis of the Proteins from Single Wool Fibers by Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (1981)

The proteins from a single 20-μm Merino wool fiber, after extraction at pH 8 with 8 Murea containing dithiothreitol, were radiolabelled by S-carboxymethylation with iodo(2- 14 C) acetate. The unfractionated mixture of proteins was examined by two- dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with the separation in the first dimension according to charge at pH 8.9 and in the second dimension according to apparent molecular weight by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis. Following electrophoresis the proteins were visualized by fluorography. Eight low-sulfur, eight high-sulfur, and ten high-tyrosine protein components were resolved. The method is extremely sensitive, with the proteins from approximately 4 cm of wool fiber being visualized in less than six hours. Because of the high sensitivity of the method, protein components in small samples—for example, those used in mechanical property measurements—can be examined.
Neural-Guided RANSAC: Learning Where to Sample Model Hypotheses (2019)

We present Neural-Guided RANSAC (NG-RANSAC), an extension to the classic RANSAC algorithm from robust optimization. NG-RANSAC uses prior information to improve model hypothesis search, increasing the chance of finding outlier-free minimal sets. Previous works use heuristic side-information like hand-crafted descriptor distance to guide hypothesis search. In contrast, we learn hypothesis search in a principled fashion that lets us optimize an arbitrary task loss during training, leading to large improvements on classic computer vision tasks. We present two further extensions to NG-RANSAC. Firstly, using the inlier count itself as training signal allows us to train neural guidance in a self-supervised fashion. Secondly, we combine neural guidance with differentiable RANSAC to build neural networks which focus on certain parts of the input data and make the output predictions as good as possible. We evaluate NG-RANSAC on a wide array of computer vision tasks, namely estimation of epipolar geometry, horizon line estimation and camera re-localization. We achieve superior or competitive results compared to state-of-the-art robust estimators, including very recent, learned ones.
[Allogenic bone marrow transplantation in multiple myeloma. Analysis of 12 consecutive cases]. (1995)

Bone marrow transplantation conditioning gives place to a high number of complete remission in multiple myeloma. However, the incidence of acute grade II-IV graft versus host disease and mortality due to complications related to the transplantation are very high. Nonetheless, a proportion of patients may achieve curation with bone marrow transplantation.
Copy-number variations add a new layer of complexity in the human genome (2007)

The first draft of the DNA sequence of the human genome was completed in 2001.[1][1],[2][2] This Herculean effort involved scientific teams around the world who together arranged in correct sequence 3 billion base pairs of DNA. Afterward, many thought that the genome had been “conquered,” with
Mixed echo train acquisition displacement encoding with stimulated echoes: An optimized DENSE method for in vivo functional imaging of the human heart (2001)

Mixed echo train acquisition displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (meta-DENSE) is a phase-based displacement mapping technique suitable for imaging myocardial function. This method has been optimized for use with patients who have a history of myocardial infarction. The total scan time is 12-14 heartbeats for an in-plane resolution of 2.8 x 2.8 mm2. Myocardial strain is mapped at this resolution with an accuracy of 2% strain in vivo. Compared to standard stimulated echo (STE) methods, both data acquisition speed and resolution are improved with inversion-recovery FID suppression and the meta-DENSE readout scheme. Data processing requires minimal user intervention and provides a rapid quantitative feedback on the MRI scanner for evaluating cardiac function. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Carnitine biosynthesis from gamma-butyrobetaine and from exogenous protein-bound 6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine by the perfused guinea pig liver. Effect of ascorbate deficiency on the in situ activity of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. (1984)

The production of carnitine from peptide-bound 6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine (Lys(Me3)) or 4-N-trimethyl-aminobutyrate(gamma-butyrobetaine) perfused through isolated guinea pig livers was investigated. [Methyl-3H] Lys(Me3)-labeled agalacto-orosomucoid (AGOR) and asialofetuin were rapidly taken up and degraded by the perfused liver. Most of the free Lys(Me3) derived from Lys(Me3)-AGOR was released unmodified into the perfusion medium. However, Lys(Me3), arising from Lys(Me3)-asialofetuin was converted mostly to gamma-butyrobetaine and carnitine. gamma-Butyrobetaine added to the perfusion medium was hydroxylated to carnitine by the liver at a rate of 2.3 mumol/h. Guinea pigs maintained on an ascorbate-free diet for 17-60 days showed lowered ascorbate contents in all tissues measured and, coincidentally, a sharp reduction in carnitine levels in kidney, liver, and cardiac, and skeletal muscle. Carnitine production from [1,2,3,4-14C]gamma-butyrobetaine and [methyl-3H]Lys(Me3)-asialofetuin was reduced in perfused livers obtained from ascorbate-deficient guinea pigs. Although hydroxylation of gamma-butyrobetaine to carnitine was effectively depressed in the perfused isolated livers from ascorbate-deficient animals, hydroxylation of [methyl-3H]Lys(Me3) (derived from asialofetuin) to [methyl-3H]3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine was unaffected. Prior administration of ascorbate to the medium perfusing the isolated livers caused carnitine biosynthesis from all precursors examined to return to control values.
Use of Injectable Cultured Human Fibroblasts for Percutaneous Tissue Implantation: An Experimental Study (1989)

Large quantities of cultured human facial dermal fibroblasts were propagated from randomly selected patients to determine their relative suitability as percutaneously injectable living implants. Volumetric and histologic comparisons were made between the following implants that were injected subcutaneously into athymic nude mice: (1) cultured human fibroblasts (HFb); (2) cultured human fibroblasts dispersed in Zyderm II collagen (HFb + Zyd); (3) Zyderm II collagen (Zyd); and (4) Zyplast collagen (Zyp). Both the HFb and HFb + Zyd implants were accepted as primary takes but regressed volumetrically at significantly greater rates than either the Zyd or Zyp implants. Correlative immunohistochemical staining revealed that, by 10 days, 90% of the cells within the HFb implants and 80% within the HFb + Zyd implants were of human origin; however, by 9 weeks, approximately 25% of the cells were of human origin in both types of implants. These results indicated that cultured human fibroblasts can be successfully injected as living grafts; however, the subsequent gradual attrition in the numbers of implanted cells, as noted in this model system, limits the long-term retention of the implants.
Length Scale Heterogeneity in Lateral Gradients of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Polymer Brushes Prepared by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Coupled with In-Plane Electrochemical Potential Gradients (2005)

We report the preparation and characterization of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) polymer brushes exhibiting controlled lateral variations in the patchiness of polymer chains. These gradients were achieved through an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) grafting-from approach utilizing surfaces on which the spatial profile of the initiator density was carefully controlled. Initiator density gradients were formed on Au by first preparing a hexadecanethiol (HDT) density gradient, by reductive desorption using a laterally anisotropic electrochemical gradient. The bare areas in the original HDT gradient were then back-filled with a disulfide initiator, (BrC(CH3)2COO(CH2)11S)2. The initiator coverage was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then, surface-initiated ATRP was utilized to transfer the initiator density gradient into gradients of PNIPAAm chain density. Ellipsometry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize these PNIPAAm density gradients. The defining characteristic of the PNIPAAm gradients is the evolution of the morphology from discontinuous mushroom structures at extremely low grafting densities to heterogeneous patchy structures at intermediate grafting densities. The size of the patchy domains gradually increases, until at a high grafting density region, the morphology evolves to a smoother, presumably more extended, structure.
Synthesis and Study of Bidentate Benzimidazolylidene−Group 10 Metal Complexes and Related Main-Chain Organometallic Polymers (2006)

A series of group 10 bis(benzimidazolylidene) complexes featuring chelating N-(o-phenol) moieties were synthesized and characterized. The ligand was prepared in 85% overall yield from 1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene using a short SNAr/reductive cyclization/alkylation reaction sequence. Direct metalation of the respective benzimidazolium precursor with Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) salts under ambient atmosphere at 50−80 °C provided the discrete chelating complexes in excellent yields (≥91%). Whereas chelation occurred spontaneously in the case of the Ni complex, an intermediate displaying ligation from the NHCs without chelation from pendent phenol groups was isolated and characterized when Pd was used. This complex was subsequently converted to its chelated form upon treatment with base. The effect of chelation was measured via thermogravimetric analysis and found to enhance the stability of the complex by 24 °C. The chelation also did not significantly effect overall electronic characteristics. A similar reaction sequence was observed when Pt was used, but the respective intermediate could not be isolated. Chelated Ni, Pd, and Pt complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography and found to exhibit cis configurations about their respective square-planar metal centers. Based on these model systems, a new class of main-chain organometallic polymers comprised of a benzobis(imidazolylidene) ligand with chelating phenolate moieties and group 10 transition metals was synthesized and characterized. The respective bis(bidentate) ligand was prepared from 1,5-dichloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in three chromatography-free steps in 78% overall yield from commercially-available starting materials and used as monomer. Consistent with the model studies, direct metalation of the monomer was accomplished by addition of a stoichiometric amount of metal(II) salt under basic conditions, which resulted in excellent yields (≥95%) of the respective organometallic polymers with molecular weights up to 363,000 g/moL (relative to polystyrene standards). The polymers were found to be exceptionally air- and moisture-stable and displayed thermal stabilities exceeding 350 °C (under nitrogen), as measured by thermogravimetric analysis. Electronic absorption measurements indicated the λmax values of these polymers ranged between 312 and 322 nm, depending on the incorporated transition metal, and were bathochromically shifted by up to 27 nm relative to their corresponding model complexes.
Lenalidomide Monotherapy in Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2008)

Oral lenalidomide monotherapy is active in relapsed or refractory aggressive NHL, with manageable side effects.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Methods for the Controlled Preparation of Supported Catalytic Materials (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Vapor Deposition Methods for the Controlled Preparation of Supported Catalytic MaterialsPhilippe Serp, Philippe Kalck, and Roselyne FeurerView Author Information Laboratoire de Catalyse Chimie Fine et Polymères, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs en Arts Chimiques Et Technologiques, 118 Route de Narbone Toulouse 31077, France CIRIMAT-UMR-CNRS/INPT/UPS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs en Arts Chimiques Et Technologiques, 118 Route de Narbone Toulouse 31077, France Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 9, 3085–3128Publication Date (Web):August 3, 2002Publication History Received10 April 2002Published online3 August 2002Published inissue 1 September 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9903508Copyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4665Altmetric-Citations211LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (544 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Catalysts,Chemical vapor deposition,Deposition,Oxides,Precursors Get e-Alerts
Motion sickness: effect of the frequency of lateral oscillation. (2004)

Mild nausea caused by lateral oscillation may be predicted by an acceleration frequency weighting that is independent of frequency from 0.0315 to 0.25 Hz and reduces at 12 dB per octave (i.e., proportional to displacement) from 0.25 to 0.8 Hz. This weighting differs from the frequency weighting currently used for predicting motion sickness caused by vertical oscillation. The frequency weighting for lateral oscillation may not be applicable in those environments in which there is roll motion during lateral oscillation.
[Function and dysfunction of the endothelium]. (2000)

Endothelium is a multi-functional barrier separating blood from interstitium. It plays a role in coagulation, inflammation, angiogenesis and it has vasomotor functions. The endothelial dysfunction can be considered as an initial stage of atherosclerosis. Using morphological and biochemical methods it is possible to study the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on the vessels and the effect of therapeutic interventions. A short review of endothelial functions, endothelial dysfunction and its quantification methods is presented in this article.
Automatic Instruction-Level Software-Only Recovery (2007)

Software-only reliability techniques protect against transient faults without the overhead of hardware techniques. Although existing low-level software-only fault-tolerance techniques detect faults, they offer no recovery assistance. This article describes three automatic, instruction-level, software-only recovery techniques representing different trade-offs between reliability and performance
Speckle-Based Optical Sensor for Low Field Faraday Rotation Measurement (2012)

Faraday rotation refers to rotation of linearly polarized light by certain materials when exposed to magnetic fields. In this paper, we present a simple and compact method for accurate measurement of low Faraday rotations. The technique measures rotations by determining the changes occurring to a speckle pattern generated by a laser beam passing through the medium. The speckle pattern is generated by a ground glass diffuser placed after the rotation introducing medium. As the polarization state of the beam passing through the medium is changed, the speckle pattern also varies. Change in the speckle pattern is computed by comparing it to a reference speckle pattern. This change is then related to the rotation angle. From the value of the correlation coefficient, we are able to measure rotation changes as low as 0.0066 degrees with less than 8% error. Optical experimental demonstration using a cell phone camera to record speckle pattern is also presented.