gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastic windows (1996)

Most windowing systems follow the independent overlapping windows approach, which emerged as an answer to the needs of the 80s' application and technology. Advances in computers, display technology, and the applications demand more functionality from window management systems. Based on these changes and the problems of current windowing appraoches, we have updated the requirements for multiwindow systems to guide new methods of window management. We propose elastic windows with improved spatial layout and rapid multi-window operations. Multi-window operations are achieved by issuing operations on window groups hierachically organized in a space-filling tiled layout. Sophisticated multi-window operations and spatial layout dynamics helps users to handle fast task-switching and to structure thier work environment to their rapidly changing needs. We claim that these multi-window operations and the improved spatial layout decrease the cognitive load on users. Users found our prototype system to be comprehensible and enjoyable as they playfully explored the way multiple windows are reshaped.
Wide-band packet radio technology (1987)

Advances in signal processing and architectural design for high-performance packet radio are described. The scope of the work roughly encompasses the data-link and physical levels of standardized layered-network architectures. A hardware-function layering approach is used, including the purposeful design of an interface to provide a structured control environment for a demonstration packet radio. The advanced signal processing provides a robust, flexible data link to service demanding network environments, and uses 100-MHz-bandwidth surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) convolvers as large time-bandwidth product matched filters for communication with nonrepeating pseudonoise waveforms. The convolvers are combined with a binary-quantized postprocessor to implement a hybrid correlator which provides high processing gain for detection, demodulation, and ranging measurements. Data rates can be selected, in response to varying channel conditions, over a range from 1.45 Mbits/s down to 44 bits/s with an almost ideal tradeoff in processing gain for interference rejection and privacy ranging from 18 dB up to 61 dB. Future enhancements are proposed that will advance both the signal processing and the architecture.
Increased Risk of Cerebrovascular Events in Patients with Cancer Treated with Bevacizumab: A Meta-Analysis (2014)

Arterial ischemia and hemorrhage are associated with bevacizumab, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor that is widely used to treat many types of cancers. As specific types of arterial ischemia and hemorrhage, cerebrovascular events such as central nervous system (CNS) ischemic events and CNS hemorrhage are serious adverse events. However, increased cerebrovascular events have not been uniformly reported by previous studies. New randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been reported in recent years and we therefore conducted an up-to-date meta-analysis of RCTs to fully characterize the risk of cerebrovascular events with bevacizumab. We searched the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and the American Society of Clinical Oncology conferences to identify relevant clinical trials up to February 2014. Eligible studies included prospective RCTs that directly compared patients with cancer treated with and without bevacizumab. A total of 12,917 patients from 17 RCTs were included in our analysis. Patients treated with bevacizumab had a significantly increased risk of cerebrovascular events compared with patients treated with control medication, with a relative risk of 3.28 (95% CI, 1.97-5.48). The risks of CNS ischemic events and CNS hemorrhage were increased compared with control, with RRs of 3.22 (95% CI, 1.71-6.07) and 3.09 (95% CI, 1.36-6.99), respectively. Risk varied with the bevacizumab dose, with RRs of 3.97 (95% CI, 2.15-7.36) and 1.96 (95% CI, 0.76-5.06) at 5 and 2.5 mg/kg/week, respectively. Higher risks were observed in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (RR, 6.42; 95% CI, 1.76-35.57), and no significant risk was observed in other types of tumors. In conclusion, the addition of bevacizumab significantly increased the risk of cerebrovascular events compared with controls, including CNS ischemic events and CNS hemorrhage. The risk may vary with bevacizumab dose and tumor type.
Somatostatin analogues and bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide antagonist RC-3095 inhibit the growth of human glioblastomas in vitro and in vivo. (1994)

We investigated the effects of somatostatin analogues and a synthetic bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) antagonist on the growth of the human malignant glioma cell lines U-87MG and U-373MG transplanted to nude mice or cultured in vitro. Nude mice bearing s.c. implanted U-87MG or U-373MG tumors were treated for 4 and 6 weeks, respectively, with various somatostatin analogues or bombesin/GRP antagonist RC-3095. Somatostatin analogues RC-160, RC-160-II, and RC-101-I, given s.c. in doses of 100 micrograms/animal/day, inhibited the growth of U-87MG xenografts as shown by more than 60% reduction in tumor volumes and 45% reduction in tumor weights compared with the control group. Bombesin/GRP antagonist RC-3095, given s.c. at a dose of 20 micrograms/animal twice daily, had the greatest inhibitory effect and decreased tumor volumes and weights by approximately 79% and 72%, respectively. The growth of U-373MG xenografts was also significantly inhibited by treatment with analogue RC-160 or antagonist RC-3095. The mean survival time of nude mice, inoculated orthotopically with U-87MG cells into the brain, was significantly prolonged by 4.9 days by treatment with antagonist RC-3095. Serum gastrin levels in animals bearing U-87MG tumors, treated with antagonist RC-3095 or somatostatin analogues, were decreased compared with controls. All three somatostatin analogues also reduced serum growth hormone levels. Receptor analyses demonstrated high-affinity binding sites for bombesin, somatostatin, and epidermal growth factor on membranes of U-87MG and U-373MG tumors. The concentration of binding sites for epidermal growth factor on both tumors was significantly decreased after in vivo treatment with antagonist RC-3095 or the somatostatin analogues. In studies in vitro, RC-3095, added to the culture medium, significantly inhibited the proliferation of U-87MG and U-373MG cells in the presence of GRP(14-27), as measured by cell number, but only a moderate suppression of growth of both cell lines was observed with somatostatin analogue RC-160. These results demonstrate that bombesin/GRP antagonist RC-3095 and somatostatin analogues such as RC-160 can inhibit the growth of human glioblastoma cell lines U-87MG and U-373MG in vitro as well as in vivo. Our work suggests the merit of further investigations of these analogues for the possible development of new approaches for treatments of patients with malignant gliomas.
Parasitic extraction: current state of the art and future trends (2001)

With the increase in circuit performance (higher speeds) and density (smaller feature size) in deep submicrometer (DSM) designs, interconnect parasitic effects are increasingly becoming more important. This paper first surveys the state of the art in parasitic extraction for resistance, capacitance, and inductance. The paper then covers other related issues such as interconnect modeling, model order reduction, delay calculation, and signal integrity issues such as crosstalk. Some future trends on parasitic extraction, model reduction and interconnect modeling are discussed and a fairly complete list of references is given.
Towards zero-shot learning for human activity recognition using semantic attribute sequence model (2013)

Understanding human activities is important for user-centric and context-aware applications. Previous studies showed promising results using various machine learning algorithms. However, most existing methods can only recognize the activities that were previously seen in the training data. In this paper, we present a new zero-shot learning framework for human activity recognition that can recognize an unseen new activity even when there are no training samples of that activity in the dataset. We propose a semantic attribute sequence model that takes into account both the hierarchical and sequential nature of activity data. Evaluation on datasets in two activity domains show that the proposed zero-shot learning approach achieves 70-75% precision and recall recognizing unseen new activities, and outperforms supervised learning with limited labeled data for the new classes.
Free‐running 4D whole‐heart self‐navigated golden angle MRI: Initial results (2014)

The hypothesis that both coronary anatomy and ventricular function can be assessed simultaneously in vivo has been tested positive. Retrospective and flexible acquisition window selection allows to best visualize each coronary segment at its individual time point of quiescence.
Review of the Use of Nasal and Oral Antiseptics During a Global Pandemic (2021)

A review of nasal sprays and gargles with antiviral properties suggests that a number of commonly used antiseptics including povidone-iodine, Listerine<sup>®</sup>, iota-carrageenan and chlorhexidine should be studied in clinical trials to mitigate both the progression and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Several of these antiseptics have demonstrated the ability to cut the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 by 3-4 log<sub>10</sub> in 15-30 s <i>in vitro</i>. In addition, hypertonic saline targets viral replication by increasing hypochlorous acid inside the cell. A number of clinical trials are in process to study these interventions both for prevention of transmission, prophylaxis after exposure, and to diminish progression by reduction of viral load in the early stages of infection.
Towards Shape Control of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals in Confined Molten Media (2015)

Abstract Spray synthesis is a robust route to compositionally complex materials as fine powders; however, the solid‐state synthetic conditions in most cases limit access to discrete nanoparticles with defined structural features. Yet, by maintaining a dynamic droplet phase through integration of molten salt chemistry, product formation can proceed in manners similar to lower temperature solution routes to nanomaterials. This Focus Review connects concepts from classical nucleation theory and molten salt chemistry to provide a framework for nanocrystal formation via aerosol‐assisted molten salt synthesis (AMSS). Examples of metal oxide nanocrystal formation by AMSS are surveyed and highlight how the spatial and temporal confinement of aerosol droplets limits crystal growth in molten media. Ultimately, we strive to provide practical guidelines, not limited to AMSS, towards the synthesis of compositionally complex materials as shape‐defined nanocrystals.
Boolean Analysis of MOS Circuits (1987)

The switch-level model represents a digital metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) circuit as a network of charge storage nodes connected by resistive transistor switches. The functionality of such a network can be expressed as a series of systems of Boolean equations. Solving these equations symbolically yields a set of Boolean formulas that describe the mapping from input and current state to the new network states. This analysis supports the same class of networks as the switch-level simulator MOSSIM II and provides the same functionality, including the handling of bidirectional effects and indeterminate (X) logic values. In the worst case, the analysis of an n-node network can yield a set of formulas containing a total of O(n /sup 3/) operations. However, all but a limited set of dense, pass-transistor networks give formulas with O(n) total operations. The analysis can serve as the basis of efficient programs for a variety of logic design tasks, including logic simulation (on both conventional and special-purpose computers), fault simulation, test generation, and symbolic verification.
Transmission of Mycobacterium pinnipedii to humans in a zoo with marine mammals. (2008)

An outbreak of tuberculosis (TB) in sea lions occurred recently in a zoo in the Netherlands. The disease was detected in a captive colony consisting of 29 animals kept in an open air basin with an indoor night house. Approximately 25 animal keepers were in close contact with the animals.The sea lions were investigated using the tuberculin skin test (TST) with avian and bovine purified protein derivative (PPD) and, in case of positivity, necropsied. A survey was conducted among the animal keepers including TSTs with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex PPD tuberculin, a chest X-ray and an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA).Necropsy was positive for TB in 13 of the 29 sea lions. Three cases of pulmonary involvement were found. Only one of these was infectious and it was therefore regarded as the source case. The causative mycobacterium was identified as M. pinnipedii. Six of the 25 animal keepers were TST-positive; in five of these, infection was confirmed by a positive IGRA.Transmission of M. pinnipedii infection from sea lions to humans was established by TST. IGRA results largely agreed with the TST results. Nebulisation when cleaning the sea lions' enclosure was most likely the main cause of transmission to humans.
New generation of multi-step Doherty amplifier (2011)

This contribution presents an innovative solution to drastically increase the output power range in which the Doherty Power Amplifier shows a high and flat efficiency. The proposed topology and its main theoretical guidelines are shown and discussed. Moreover, the potentialities of the new idea and how it can solve some drawbacks in applications that manage signals with a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) greater than 7-8 dB are listened. The proposed idea has been validated performing several experimental measurements on an X-Band GaAs MMIC Doherty amplifier. In particular, the region of high and flat efficiency has been extended from 6dB to 11dB of output power back-off (OBO), without affecting gain and reached output power levels. As a result, a real average efficiency improvement of about 81% in the added 5dB of OBO has been achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Support Combinatorial Chemistry in Lead Discovery and SAR Optimization (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Production of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 following hypoxia/reoxygenation in glial cells (2000)

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are known to mediate brain inflammation following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), but the precise mechanisms leading to PMN recruitment are undefined. The alpha-chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) has specificity for the recruitment of PMNs. In this study, we found that 8 or 12 h of hypoxia followed by 24-h reoxygenation (H8/R24 or H12/R24) induced MIP-2 secretion in cultures of enriched microglia or mixed glia, respectively. Microglia, however, could not survive longer duration (>12 h) of hypoxia. Astrocytes did not produce any significant amount of MIP-2 even though astrocytes maintained 98-99% viability following H12/R24. We also found that microglia survived the H/R treatment better (following H24) in the presence of astrocytes (mixed glial culture) than in microglia-enriched culture. Reoxygenation for prolonged periods (3 and 5 days) following H24 resulted in progressively larger increases in MIP-2 production (20- and 60-fold, respectively) in mixed glial cultures. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that the cells expressing MIP-2 in response to H/R were microglia rather than astrocytes in mixed glial cultures. Examination of MIP-2 mRNA expression showed that H/R upregulated MIP-2 gene expression. Taken together, our data suggest that microglial cells are an important source of MIP-2 production and suggest a potential injury mechanism involving brain-derived production of MIP-2 in H/R.
Alkali hydrolysis of recombinant proteins allows for the rapid identification of class I MHC-restricted CTL epitopes. (1993)

The characterization of the epitopes recognized by CTL provides insights into the nature of protective immune responses and facilitates the development of methods to enhance immunity to human pathogens. However, no easily applicable approach for CTL epitope identification has been developed. We present a rapid and efficient method for locating CTL epitopes within a protein. The gene encoding the protein of interest is inserted into an inducible prokaryotic expression vector. Random peptides are then generated by alkali digestion of intact or lysed Escherichia coli expressing the protein and assayed for the presence of the epitope by coating target cells for a standard CTL targeting assay. A large panel of clones containing serial 3'-deletions of the gene is then generated by exonuclease III digestion, and the expressed truncated proteins are similarly analyzed for the presence of the antigenic peptide. The epitope is located by determining the deletion points of clones expressing sequential truncations and differing in Ag expression. This technique was used to identify the H-2Ld-restricted nonamer in E. coli beta-galactosidase, with residues 876-884 representing the naturally processed epitope. To test the applicability of this method to other proteins, two genes from human CMV, an often fatal pathogen in immunocompromised individuals, were screened for HLA class I-restricted epitopes. An HLA-B18-restricted epitope from the CMV major immediate-early protein was found to lie between residues 378 and 389, and an HLA-B35-restricted epitope from the CMV pp65 matrix protein was characterized as residues 123 to 131. The results demonstrate that this technique can be used to rapidly identify CTL epitopes within a chosen protein and should be useful for assaying viral isolates or neoplasms for loss of epitopes after mutation and selection by host immune responses.
Surfactant Protein-D Regulates Soluble CD14 through Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 (2005)

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) and CD14 are important innate immune defense molecules that mediate clearance of pathogens and apoptotic cells from the lung. To test whether CD14 expression and function were influenced by SP-D, the surface expression of CD14 was assessed on alveolar macrophages from SP-D-/- mice. CD14 was reduced on alveolar macrophages from SP-D-/- mice and was associated with reduced uptake of LPS and decreased production of TNF-alpha after LPS stimulation. CD14 is proteolytically cleaved from the cell surface to form a soluble peptide. Soluble CD14 (sCD14) was increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from SP-D-/- mice. Because matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and -12 activities were increased in the lungs of SP-D-/- mice, the role of these metalloproteases in the production of sCD14 was assessed. sCD14 was decreased in both MMP(9-/-)/SP-D-/- and MMP12(-/-)/SP-D-/- mice demonstrating MMP-9 and MMP-12 contribute to proteolytic shedding of CD14. The increased sCD14 seen in SP-D-/- mice was dependent upon the activation of MMP-12 via an MMP-9-dependent mechanism. Supporting this observation, MMP-12 caused the release of sCD14 from RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. In conclusion, SP-D influences innate host defense, in part, by regulating sCD14 in a process mediated by MMP-9 and MMP-12.
Nonsurgical Methods for the Acceleration of the Orthodontic Tooth Movement (2015)

Surgical techniques for the acceleration of the orthodontic tooth movement have been tested for more than 100 years in clinical practice. Since original methods have been extremely invasive and have been associated with increased tooth morbidity and various other gaps, the research in this field has always followed an episodic trend. Modern approaches represent a well-refined strategy where the concept of the bony block has been abandoned and only a cortical plate around the orthodontic tooth movement has been desired. Selective alveolar decortication has been a reproducible gold standard to this end. Its proposed mechanism has been the induction of rapid orthodontic tooth movement through the involvement of the periodontal ligament. More recent techniques included further refinement of this procedure through less invasive techniques such as the use of piezoelectricity and corticision. This chapter focuses on the evolution of the surgical approaches and the mechanistic concepts underlying the biological process during the surgically accelerated orthodontic tooth movement.
Handbook of Materials for Medical Devices (2003)

The Handbook of Materials for Medical Devices provides an in-depth review of the properties, processing, and selection of materials used in the environment of the human body - an environment that is surprisingly hostile and aggressive. Among the application areas described are orthopedics (hips, knees, and spinal and fracture fixation), cardiology (stents, heart valves, pacemakers), surgical instruments, and restorative dentistry. Materials discussed include metals and alloys, ceramics, glasses, and glass-ceramics, polymeric materials, composites, coatings, and adhesives and cements. The book is divided into three major sections. The first section provides an expansive overview of biomaterials and their use in medical devices. Charts and diagrams illustrate/list the many parts of the body that can be replaced by manmade materials. Case histories document some of the more common and successful medical device applications. Biocompatibility and mechanical requirements for implantable devices are also reviewed. The second section of the handbook deals with medical (nondental) applications. Stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys, titanium alloys, shape memory alloys, and tantalum are among the metallic materials described. Similar information is provided on nonmetallic materials, including new coatings that offer lubricity, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial action to device surfaces. Other coatings can be used to release drugs or make implanted devices more visible to imaging systems. The final section addresses biomaterials for dental applications. Emphasis is placed on corrosion and tribological behavior and corresponding test procedures to determine corrosion and wear resistance. Contents: Introduction: Overview of Biomaterials and Their use in Medical Devices; Physical and Mechanical Requirements for Medical Device Materials. Medical (Nondental) Applications: Metallic Materials; Corrosion of Metallic Implants and Prosthetic Devices; Failure Analysis of Metallic Orthopedic Implants; Ceramic Materials; Polymeric Materials; Adhesives and Cements; Coatings. Dental Applications: Biomaterials for Dental Applications; Tarnish and Corrosion of Dental Alloys; Friction and Wear of Dental Materials; Index.
Neuropathological Evidence of Graft Survival and Striatal Reinnervation after the Transplantation of Fetal Mesencephalic Tissue in a Patient with Parkinson's Disease (1995)

Grafts of fetal mesencephalic tissue can survive for a long period in the human brain and restore dopaminergic innervation to the striatum in patients with Parkinson's disease. In the patient we studied, clinical improvement and enhanced fluorodopa with uptake on PET scanning were associated the survival of the grafts and dopaminergic reinnervation of the striatum.