gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordination Chemistry of 1,3‐Bis(2‐pyridylimino)‐ and 1,3‐Bis(2‐thiazolylimino)soindole Copper Complexes: Investigation of Their Catalytic Behavior in Oxidation Reactions (2004)

Abstract The copper complexes [Cu(4‐MeBPI)(OAc)] ( 4 ), [Cu(4‐Me‐10‐ t BuBPI)(OAc)] ( 5 ) and [Cu(BTI)(OAc)] ( 6 ) [BPI = 1,3‐bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindole, BTI = 1,3‐bis(2‐thiazolylimino)isoindole] were prepared by reaction of the protio ligands with copper( II ) acetate. Compounds 4 and 6 were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, establishing distorted square‐planar coordination geometries of the copper ions. Two monoclinic modifications of 6 ( 6a and 6b ) were found, both crystallizing in the space group P 2 1 / c , but possessing different cell parameters. In contrast to 6a , which is monomeric in the crystal, the second monoclinic modification 6b has a more complicated crystal structure, which is composed of both monomeric complex units such as those found in 6a and infinite chains of coordination polymers. The copper atoms in the polymeric chains of 6b display fivefold coordination and a ligand polyhedron that is an intermediate form between a trigonal‐bipyramidal and a square‐pyramidal geometry. The allylic peroxylation of cyclohexene with t BuOOH (70% aqueous solution) catalyzed by 4 and 6 (0.17 mol %) gave tert ‐butylperoxy‐3‐cyclohexene with selectivities of 86% and 80% (based on cyclohexene) and turnover frequencies of 63 h −1 and 18 h −1 , respectively. The peroxylation reaction is thought to proceed according to a Haber−Weiss radical chain mechanism. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Preparation and characterization of nanostructured and high transparent hydrogel films with pH sensitivity and application (2009)

Abstract Novel nanostructured, high transparent, and pH sensitive poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐ co ‐methacryliac acid)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (P(HEMA‐ co ‐MA)/PVA) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel films were prepared by precipitation copolymerization of aqueous phase and sequential IPN technology. The first P(HEMA‐ co ‐MA) network was synthesized in aqueous solution of PVA, then followed by aldol condensation reaction, it formed multiple IPN nanostructured hydrogel film. The film samples were characterized by IR, SEM, DSC, and UV‐vis spectrum. The transmittance arrived at 93%. Swelling and deswelling behaviors showed the multiple IPN nanostuctured film had rapid response. The mechanical properties of all the IPN films improved than that of PVA film. Using crystal violet as a model drug, the release behaviors of the films were studied. The results showed that compared with PVA, which had low drug loading and exhibited high and burst release, the three IPN films had high drug loading and exhibited sustained release. Besides, the release followed different release mechanism at pH = 4.0 and pH = 7.4, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators (1998)

Over 60 years ago, Selye1 recognized the paradox that the physiologic systems activated by stress can not only protect and restore but also damage the body. What links these seemingly contradictory roles? How does stress influence the pathogenesis of disease, and what accounts for the variation in vulnerability to stress-related diseases among people with similar life experiences? How can stress-induced damage be quantified? These and many other questions still challenge investigators.This article reviews the long-term effect of the physiologic response to stress, which I refer to as allostatic load.2 Allostasis — the ability to achieve stability through change3 — . . .
Smoothing Spline Gaussian Regression: More Scalable Computation via Efficient Approximation (2004)

Summary Smoothing splines via the penalized least squares method provide versatile and effective nonparametric models for regression with Gaussian responses. The computation of smoothing splines is generally of the order O(n3), n being the sample size, which severely limits its practical applicability. We study more scalable computation of smoothing spline regression via certain low dimensional approximations that are asymptotically as efficient. A simple algorithm is presented and the Bayes model that is associated with the approximations is derived, with the latter guiding the porting of Bayesian confidence intervals. The practical choice of the dimension of the approximating space is determined through simulation studies, and empirical comparisons of the approximations with the exact solution are presented. Also evaluated is a simple modification of the generalized cross-validation method for smoothing parameter selection, which to a large extent fixes the occasional undersmoothing problem that is suffered by generalized cross-validation.
Multi-layer scalable LPC audio format (2002)

This paper presents a scalable audio format, called "multi-layer scalable LPC audio format", that addresses similar functionalities of MPEG-4. The format offers different levels of data rate and audio quality, and answers to the most important requirements of transmission and storage purposes, such as channel error robustness, cell loss robustness, low delay, and playback control. It operates in four modes. The first mode is based on a modified version of the LD-CELP algorithm, in which each 6 samples are represented by one single byte. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), additional enhancement layers are embedded in the bit stream to allow higher quality at higher bit rates. The resultant bit rates are integer-multiple of 10.67 kbps. The other three modes use QMF splitting to two, four and eight subbands. These modes allow efficient representation of wideband audio and speech signals, and offer extension layers of 5.33 and 2.66 kbps. A simple and efficient header structure is embedded in the bitstream to allow the decoding process even in channel error conditions and even when the bitstream has been down-scaled somewhere during the transmission but has not been acknowledged to the decoder. Comparison results are conducted with respect to MPEG and ITU standards.
The Arabidopsis CLAVATA2 Gene Encodes a Receptor-like Protein Required for the Stability of the CLAVATA1 Receptor-like Kinase (1999)

The CLAVATA2 (CLV2) gene regulates both meristem and organ development in Arabidopsis. We isolated the CLV2 gene and found that it encodes a receptor-like protein (RLP), with a presumed extracellular domain composed of leucine-rich repeats similar to those found in plant and animal receptors, but with a very short predicted cytoplasmic tail. RLPs lacking cytoplasmic signaling domains have not been previously shown to regulate development in plants. Our prior work has demonstrated that the CLV1 receptor-like kinase (RLK) is present as a disulfide-linked multimer in vivo. We report that CLV2 is required for the normal accumulation of CLV1 protein and its assembly into protein complexes, indicating that CLV2 may form a heterodimer with CLV1 to transduce extracellular signals. Sequence analysis suggests that the charged residue in the predicted transmembrane domain of CLV2 may be a common feature of plant RLPs and RLKs. In addition, the chromosomal region in which CLV2 is located contains an extremely high rate of polymorphism, with 50 nucleotide and 15 amino acid differences between Landsberg erecta and Columbia ecotypes within the CLV2 coding sequence.
Epigenetics of chronic pain after thoracic surgery (2013)

The transition from acute to chronic pain after thoracic surgery may be mediated by epigenetics. Here, we discuss epigenetic modifications that have been discovered in animal models of chronic pain that may predispose patients to persistent neuropathic pain after thoracic surgery.
Effects of handle orientation, gloves, handle friction and elbow posture on maximum horizontal pull and push forces (2010)

Biomechanical models were evaluated for effects of handle orientation, handle material, gloves and arm posture on maximal pull/push force. Eight healthy subjects performed maximum pull/push exertions on handles with two different orientations and two different surface materials, using bare hand and two types of glove as well as two arm postures. The empirical data supported the proposed biomechanical models: Pull/push forces for the bare hand on a rubber handle decreased 10% when the handle was parallel to the pull/push direction, compared with when perpendicular to it. For parallel handles, pull/push forces further decreased with decreasing hand-handle friction coefficient (simulated by different handle materials and gloves). Pull force exerted by the bare hand was 29% greater when the elbow was extended than when flexed. Pull force was greater than push force (with bare hand and flexed elbow). The biomechanical models suggest that friction between the hand and handle limits pull/push forces for parallel handles. Elbow strength may be responsible for decreased pull force for the flexed elbow posture and decreased force for pull compared with push in the postures examined. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Biomechanical models presented in this paper provide insights for causes of upper extremity strength limitations during pull/push tasks. Findings in this paper can be used directly in the design of workstation and objects to reduce fatigue and risk of musculoskeletal disorders.
Flexible Self-Aligned Double-Gate IGZO TFT (2014)

In this letter, flexible double-gate (DG) thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on InGaZnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> and fabricated on free standing plastic foil, using self-alignment (SA) are presented. The usage of transparent indium-tin-oxide instead of opaque metals enables SA of source-, drain-, and top-gate contacts. Hence, all layers, which can cause parasitic capacitances, are structured by SA. Compared with bottom-gate reference TFTs fabricated on the same substrate, DG TFTs exhibit a by 68% increased transconductance and a subthreshold swing as low as 109 mV/dec decade (-37%). The clockwise hysteresis of the DG TFTs is as small as 5 mV. Because of SA, the source/drain to gate overlaps are as small as ≈ 1 μm leading to parasitic overlap capacitances of 5.5 fF μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . Therefore a transit frequency of 5.6 MHz is measured on 7.5 μm long transistors. In addition, the flexible devices stay fully operational when bent to a tensile radius of 6 mm.
High-frequency inverter with phase-shifted PWM and load-adaptive PFM control strategy for industrial induction-heating (2002)

The authors describe a control scheme incorporated in the voltage-fed full-bridge series resonant high-frequency inverter using static induction high power transistors (SITs), which is based on a load-adaptive variable frequency modulated phase-shift PWM (pulse-width modulation) control strategy. The operating principle of the load-adaptive variable frequency PWM series resonant inverter system with a new control scheme is described along with its operating characteristics in steady state. The 20 kW-200 kHz prototype inverter system suitable for induction heating in industry is demonstrated, including a specially designed power transformer. SIT stacks with a water cooling system, and a building-block assembly for high-power use. Experimental results and simulation results are presented. Finally, an improved variable frequency PWM series resonant inverter topology incorporating partially inserted capacitive lossless snubbers is proposed for soft switching and compared with the inverter mentioned above.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nonhyperbolic reflection moveout in anisotropic media (1994)

Abstract The standard hyperbolic approximation for reflection moveouts in layered media is accurate only for relatively short spreads, even if the layers are isotropic. Velocity anisotropy may significantly enhance deviations from hyperbolic moveout. Nonhyperbolic analysis in anisotropic media is also important because conventional hyperbolic moveout processing on short spreads is insufficient to recover the true vertical velocity (hence the depth).We present analytic and numerical analysis of the combined influence of vertical transverse isotropy and layering on long-spread reflection moveouts. Qualitative description of nonhyperbolic moveout on 'intermediate' spreads (offset-to-depth ratio x/z &amp;lt; 1.7-2) is given in terms of the exact fourth-order Taylor series expansion for P, SV, and P-SV traveltime curves, valid for multilayered transversely isotropic media with arbitrary strength of anisotropy. We use this expansion to provide an analytic explanation for deviations from hyperbolic moveout, such as the strongly nonhyperbolic SV-moveout observed numerically in the case where delta &amp;gt; epsilon . With this expansion, we also show that the weak anisotropy approximation becomes inadequate (to describe nonhyperbolic moveout) for surprisingly small values of the anisotropies delta and epsilon .However, the fourth-order Taylor series rapidly loses numerical accuracy with increasing offset. We suggest a new, more general analytical approximation, and test it against several transversely isotropic models. For P-waves, this moveout equation remains numerically accurate even for substantial anisotropy and large offsets. This approximation provides a fast and effective way to estimate the behavior of long-spread moveouts for layered anisotropic models.
A Twenty-Five Year Review of Laboratory-Acquired Human Infections at the National Animal Disease Center (1987)

The National Animal Disease Center's experience with personnel exposure or infection with pathogenic agents is summarized. A total of 128 laboratory-associated exposures to infectious disease agents were reported. Of these exposures, 103 resulted from known accidents. The other 25 were identified only after the development of clinical or serological manifestations of infection. Thirty-four cases of laboratory-acquired infections were reviewed. Class 3 organisms--Chlamydia sp., Brucella sp. and Mycobacterium sp.--were responsible for 76% of the infections encountered, with Brucella sp. incriminated most frequently. The most commonly reported cause of exposure was associated with hypodermic syringe use. Unknown routes of exposure, presumed to be aerosol related, were the overwhelming explanation involved in the laboratory-associated infections.
Intravital Microscope Studies on the Effects of Neurokinin Agonists and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide on Dural Vessel Diameter in the Anaesthetized Rat (1997)

This study describes a novel intravital microscope technique for direct measurement of dural blood vessel diameter through a closed cranial window in anaesthetized rats. This technique avoids removal of the skull, which can lead to problems of altered vessel reactivity and brain swelling that are encountered with open cranial window techniques. Substance P and calcitonin gene-related (CGRP) evoked increases in dural vessel diameter, which were abolished by the NK1 receptor antagonist, RP67580 and the CGRP receptor antagonist, human-alpha CGRP(8-37) respectively. Neurokinin A produced increases in dural vessel diameter which were unaffected by the NK2 receptor antagonist SR 48968 but were blocked by RP67580, suggesting that neurokinin A can act through NK1 receptors to produce dural vasodilation in rats. The NK3 receptor agonist, senktide, had no effects on dural vessel diameter. All drugs were administered intravenously. In humans, vasodilation within the meningeal vasculature has been implicated in the pathogenesis of migraine, the present experiments indicate that substance P or neurokinin A (both acting through NK1 receptors) or CGRP may be responsible.
Ovine luteinizing hormone: isoforms in the pituitary during the follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle and during anestrus (1992)

Pituitaries were collected from late follicular phase (n = 5), mid-luteal phase (n = 5), and anestrous ewes (n = 4) to assess changes in intrapituitary LH heterogeneity at selected reproductive states. After homogenization, an aliquot of each pituitary extract was desalted by flow dialysis against water and chromtofocused on a pH 10.5 to 4.0 gradient. Concentrations of LH in pituitary extracts and chromatofocusing fractions were determined by RIA. The LH in pituitary extracts resolved into 13 isoforms during chromatofocusing, which were coded with letters beginning with the most basic isoform. Follicular and mid-luteal phase ewes exhibited similar distributions of intrapituitary LH among its isoforms. Relative to follicular and luteal phase ewes, anestrous ewes had lower percentages of isoforms D and E as well as higher percentages of isoforms G, H, J and K. Isoform F, the predominant molecular form of LH, constituted a similar percentage in all treatment groups (P > .05). Thus, the distribution of intrapituitary LH among its isoforms did not change significantly between the mid-luteal and follicular phases of the estrous cycle, but higher percentages of the weakly basic and acidic forms of LH were present during anestrus. These observations suggest that intrapituitary LH heterogeneity changes minimally throughout the estrous cycle of ewes during the breeding season.
IL-17 Promotes Bone Erosion in Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis Through Loss of the Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand/Osteoprotegerin Balance (2003)

IL-17 is a T cell-derived proinflammatory cytokine in experimental arthritis and is a stimulator of osteoclastogenesis in vitro. In this study, we report the effects of IL-17 overexpression (AdIL-17) in the knee joint of type II collagen-immunized mice on bone erosion and synovial receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of NF-kappa B/osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression. Local IL-17 promoted osteoclastic bone destruction, which was accompanied with marked tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity at sites of bone erosion in cortical, subchondral, and trabecular bone. Accelerated expression of RANKL and its receptor, receptor activator of NF-kappa B, was found in the synovial infiltrate and at sites of focal bone erosion, using specific immunohistochemistry. Interestingly, AdIL-17 not only enhanced RANKL expression but also strongly up-regulated the RANKL/OPG ratio in the synovium. Comparison of arthritic mice from the AdIL-17 collagen-induced arthritis group with full-blown collagen-arthritic mice having similar clinical scores for joint inflammation revealed lower RANKL/OPG ratio and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in the latter group. Interestingly, systemic OPG treatment prevented joint damage induced by local AdIL-17 gene transfer in type II collagen-immunized mice. These findings suggest T cell IL-17 to be an important inducer of RANKL expression leading to loss of the RANKL/OPG balance, stimulating osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion in arthritis.
Advanced glycation end-products and the progress of diabetic vascular complications. (2004)

Epidemiological studies have confirmed that hyperglycemia is the most important factor in the onset and progress of vascular complications, both in Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. The formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) correlates with glycemic control. The AGE hypothesis proposes that accelerated chemical modification of proteins by glucose during hyperglycemia contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications including nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that increased formation of serum AGEs exists in diabetic children and adolescents with or without vascular complications. Furthermore, the presence of diabetic complications in children correlates with elevated serum AGEs. The level of serum AGEs could be considered as a marker of later developments of vascular complications in children with Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. The careful metabolic monitoring of young diabetics together with monitoring of serum AGEs can provide useful information about impending AGE-related diabetic complications. It is becoming clear that anti-AGE strategies may play an important role in the treatment of young and older diabetic patients. Several potential drug candidates such as AGE inhibitors have been reported recently.
Surface protein p104 is involved in adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes to human intestinal cell line, Caco-2 (1999)

Adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes to intestinal endothelial cells is an important initial event in the pathogenesis of infection which is not well understood. The suggestion has been made that some proteins, including internalin and actin polymerisation protein (ActA), and carbohydrate molecules mediate, at least in part, the adhesion of listeria to certain cultured mammalian cells. This study investigated the role of a L. monocytogenes cell-surface protein of 104 kDa (p104) in adhesion to human intestinal enterocyte-like Caco-2 cell lines by transposon (Tn916) mutagenesis and a p104-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb-H7). Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of Tn916-transformed L. monocytogenes strains, AAMU530 and AAMU572, revealed that these strains did not express p104, and the transposon had been inserted at a single locus in the structural gene. Strains AAMU530 and AAMU572 yielded only 10 and 6.3% adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Coating of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua wild-type strains with MAb-H7 reduced adhesion to Caco-2 cells from 100% to 50 and 45%, respectively, whereas on isotype control MAb EM-7G1 had no effect. Western blot analysis with MAb-H7 indicated that p104 is present in all Listeria spp. except in L. grayi. Furthermore, p104 is also present in internalin (BUG8) and ActA (LUT12) deficient strains, suggesting that p104 is indeed different from internalin or ActA proteins. Cytotoxicity analysis of strains AAMU530 and AAMU572 demonstrated that these strains, although haemolytic and phospholipase-positive, were avirulent when tested with a hybridoma B-lymphocyte cell line. Loss of virulence could be attributed to the interruption of adhesion of mutant strains to the hybridoma cell line. These results strongly suggest that p104 is an adhesion factor in L. monocytogenes and possibly in other Listeria species and is involved in adhesion to intestinal cells.
A new model for the performance evaluation of synchronous circuit switched multistage interconnection networks (2002)

Patel (1981) proposed a probabilistic approach to analyze the performance of multiprocessor systems using synchronous multistage interconnection networks (MINs) based on a uniform reference model and the assumption of independent requests. Through extensive simulation, the authors have found that, in many cases, their model will result in rather significant inaccuracy. the factors which cause inaccuracy in Patel's model are investigated in detail. A new queueing model is then proposed and is shown to be very accurate. Since only six states are needed, this new model is very efficient computationally.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Renal dysfunction according to the ADQI-RIFLE system and clinical practice patterns after cardiac surgery in Germany. (2006)

Renal dysfunction is a frequent complication following cardiac surgery in many German heart centers. The variance between centers may not be explained by patient heterogeneity and may be related to different strategies regarding fluid therapy and the use of inotropes and vasopressors.