gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Repression of the alpha0 gene by ICP4 during a productive herpes simplex virus infection (1996)

During a productive infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), ICP4, the major regulatory protein encoded by the alpha4 gene, binds to its transcription initiation site and represses the accumulation of alpha4 RNA. Evidence suggests that the degree of repression by ICP4 is a function of the absolute distance of an ICP4 binding site 3' from a TATA box. However, repression of HSV-1 gene expression by ICP4 through binding sites located 5' of TATA boxes, as in the case of the alpha0 gene, has not been adequately addressed. To this end, recombinant alpha0 promoters with various arrays of ICP4 binding sites flanking the alpha0 TATA box were constructed and recombined into the HSV-1 genome. Our results demonstrate the following. (i) Destruction of the endogenous alphaO ICP4 binding site, located 5' of the TATA box, results in derepression of alpha0 protein and RNA accumulation in infected Vero cells. (ii) The degree of alpha0 derepression is equivalent to that reported for the alpha4 gene following destruction of the ICP4 binding site at the alpha4 mRNA cap site in HSV-1. (iii) Introduction of an ICP4 binding site at the alpha0 mRNA cap site represses the accumulation of alpha0 RNA greater than threefold relative to the wild type. (iv) Changes in the abundance of alpha0 protein and RNA in infected cells do not affect replication or growth of HSV-1 in tissue culture. Our findings are consistent with the conclusion that alpha0 transcription is repressed by ICP4. These results demonstrate that repression by ICP4 can occur through binding sites located 5' of virus gene TATA boxes in HSV-1. Thus, models addressing repression of HSV-1 gene expression by ICP4 should incorporate the role of binding sites located 5', as well as 3', of virus gene TATA boxes.
Synthesis, optical and ferroelectric properties of PZT thin films: experimental and theoretical investigation (2012)

PbZr0.40Ti0.60O3 (PZT40/60) thin films with ferroelectric and dielectric properties have been grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si and LaAlO3 (100) substrates using the chemical solution deposition method. These films have been characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, infrared and optical transmittance measurements. The transmittance curve of the PZT40/60 thin films on a LaAlO3 (100) substrate showed an optical band gap of 4.03 and 3.10 eV for the direct and indirect transition processes, respectively. To complement experimental data, first principles calculations at the DFT-B3LYP level were performed on periodic model systems of PbTiO3 and PZT40/60 to provide an insight into structural, optical and electronic behavior. The band gap of the PZT40/60 system for PbO and ZrO2 terminations is in agreement with trends of experimental data and results in smaller values than the band gap calculated for the PbTiO3 system.
Operational Efficiency of the Football Team in Chinese Super League with DEA (2018)

With the professionalization of Chinese football, currently, Chinese football industry has become a new economic topic. The team like Guangzhou Evergrande, as a representative of the ‘money’ football policy in China, is popular. The China Football Association Super League (CSL) can be considered as an emerging field of great investment value. As such, the team’s operational efficiency should be a key factor that affects the managers and investors. Based on the input-oriented Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) model, this study analyzes the operational efficiencies of teams in CSL. The empirical study shows three key findings: First, team using the crazy investment mode is not efficient in 2012, 2013, 2014 seasons. Second, Beijing Guoan’s efficiency declined in the 2015 season due to his few investment. Third, in order to achieve good achievements in the league in the future, increasing investment should be an inevitable choice.
Hop and Acacia Phytochemicals Decreased Lipotoxicity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes,db/dbMice, and Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome (2010)

The plant-based compounds rho-iso-alpha acids (RIAA) from Humulus lupulus (hops) and proanthocyanidins (PAC) from Acacia nilotica have been shown to modulate insulin signaling in vitro. We investigated their effects on triglyceride (TG) deposition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, glucose and insulin in obese mouse models, and metabolic syndrome markers in adults with metabolic syndrome. The combination of RIAA and PAC synergistically increased TG content and adiponectin secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes under hyperinsulinemic conditions and reduced glucose or insulin in obese mice. In a clinical trial, tablets containing 100 mg RIAA and 500 mg PAC or placebo were administered to metabolic syndrome subjects (3 tablets/day, n = 35; 6 tablets/day, n = 34; or placebo, n = 35) for 12 weeks. Compared to placebo, subjects taking 3 tablets daily showed greater reductions in TG, TG : HDL, fasting insulin, and HOMA scores. The combination of RIAA : PAC at 1 : 5 (wt : wt) favorably modulates dysregulated lipids in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
Streptavidin-Coated Magnetic Beads for DNA Strand Separation Implicate a Multitude of Problems During Cell-SELEX (2009)

Using whole living cells as a target for SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) experiments represents a promising method to generate cell receptor-specific aptamers. These aptamers have a huge potential in diagnostics, therapeutics, imaging, regenerative medicine, and target validation. During the SELEX for selecting DNA aptamers, one important step is the separation of 2 DNA strands to yield one of the 2 strands as single-stranded DNA aptamer. This is being done routinely by biotin labeling of the complementary DNA strand to the desired aptamer and then separating the DNA strand by using streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. After immobilization of the double-stranded DNA on these magnetic beads and alkaline denaturation, the non-biotinylated strand is being eluted and the biotinylated strand is retarded. Using Western blot analysis, we demonstrated the detachment of covalent-bonded streptavidin from the bead surface after alkaline treatment. The eluates were also contaminated with undesired biotinylated strands. Furthermore, a streptavidin-induced aggregation of target cells was demonstrated by flow cytometry and microscopic methods. Cell-specific enrichment of aptamers was not possible due to clustering and patching effects triggered by streptavidin. Therefore, the use of streptavidin-coated magnetic beads for DNA strand separation should be examined thoroughly, especially for cell-SELEX applications.
Mucosal IL-12 gene delivery inhibits allergic airways disease and restores local antiviral immunity (1998)

Allergic asthma strongly correlates with airways inflammation driven by interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 secreted by allergen-specific CD4+ T cells. It is possible that over-production of these factors in the lungs may render asthmatic individuals less able to resolve virus infection of the respiratory tract by down-regulating type 1 cytokine-driven immune responses. IL-12 is important for the establishment of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and may also inhibit responses driven by type 2 cytokine production. Sustained expression of IL-12 in the airways may, therefore, represent an effective preventive treatment or therapy for allergic asthma and any adverse consequences of excessive production of type 2 cytokines for the development of local CMI. Here, we show that allergic responses in airways profoundly inhibit the development of antiviral CMI in mice following local immunization with vaccinia virus (VV) leading to persistent lung infection. However, mucosal gene transfer of IL-12 in the lung, via a VV vector, inhibited local type 2 cytokine production, both prevented the development of allergic disease and airways hyperreactivity in a manner largely dependent on endogenous interferon-gamma expression and suppressed established allergic disease, and reversed the suppression of local antiviral CMI responses resulting in rapid resolution of virus infection. Our study provides the first direct demonstration that allergic conditions, particularly in airways, may inhibit immune responses to concomitant virus infection and suggests that transient mucosal IL-12 gene therapy represents an effective approach to both the prevention and treatment of allergic airways disease and associated immunosuppression of CMI.
Heterozygosity for a protein truncation mutation of sodium channel SCN8A in a patient with cerebellar atrophy, ataxia, and mental retardation (2005)

The phenotypes of the heterozygous individuals suggest that mutations in SCN8A may result in motor and cognitive deficits of variable expressivity, but the study was limited by lack of segregation in the small pedigree and incomplete information about family members. Identification of additional families will be required to confirm the contribution of the SCN8A mutation to the clinical features in ataxia, cognition and behaviour disorders.
The Damaging Potential of Leukocyte Activation in the Microcirculation (1993)

Traditionally leukocytes have been regarded as beneficial cells, owing to their immunologic and antimicrobial activity. Recent evidence suggests, however, an additional role of granulocytes and monocytes as mediators of cardiovascular complications, such as ischemia, reperfusion, diabetes, physiologic shock, venous ulceration, and other conditions. Granulocytes and monocytes have a large volume, and stiff cytoplasm; they have the ability to adhere to endothelium and to other substrates; and they exert several forms of cytotoxicity. Granulocytes and monocytes may be trapped in the microcirculation, may obstruct capillaries and thereby induce a no-reflow phenomenon, and may initiate organ dysfunction via oxygen free radical production and proteolytic cleavage. Few organs seem to be spared from the potential destructive actions of these cells, and novel approaches are required to interfere with leukocyte accumulation in local regions of the peripheral circulation.
Isolation of Two Triterpenoids and a Biflavanone with Anti-Inflammatory Activity fromSchinus molleFruits (2003)

Three compounds with anti-inflammatory activity were isolated from Schinus molle fruits. Two of the compounds were identified as 3- epi-isomasticadienolalic acid ( 1), isomasticadienonalic acid ( 2) and chamaejasmin ( 3). Triterpenes 1 and 2, and biflavanone 3 were tested on two models of mice paw inflammation: one of acute inflammation, induced by subcutaneous injection of either phospholipase A (2) (PLA (2)) or carrageenan in the paws of mice, and one of chronic inflammation in the form of eczema, provoked by repeated administration of TPA to the ears of mice. On the PLA (2)-induced mouse paw oedema, only 2 was active (30 mg/kg, 66 % inhibition at 60 min), whereas all compounds reduced the chronic model of inflammation (48 to 26 % of swelling reduction), but only triterpenes reduced the leukocyte infiltration, measured as tissue peroxidase activity. In the case of the carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema, only 3 led to a reduction of the swelling 3 h after challenge (50 mg/kg, 46 % oedema inhibition). In addition, 3 inhibited the LTB (4) production in rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes with an IC (50) value of 29.8 microM, while triterpenes showed toxicity against cells at 100 microM.
Isolation of transforming sequences of two human lung carcinomas: structural and functional analysis of the activated c-K-ras oncogenes. (1984)

Human lung tumors PR310 and PR371 maintained in nude mice contain activated c-K-ras oncogenes detectable by the ability of their DNAs to induce the morphological transformation of NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Using phage libraries constructed with DNA from NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast transformants, we have isolated human sequences that span greater than 40 kilobase pairs of the c-K-ras oncogene. Based on the conservation of these human sequences in mouse fibroblast transformants, we conclude that the transforming ability of the oncogene activated in these tumors resides within a 43- to 46-kilobase-pair DNA region. No clear differences were observed between the structures of the PR310 and PR371 cloned oncogene sequences. Nucleotide sequence analysis in concert with DNA transfection experiments suggests that the PR371 oncogene has been activated by a single base change in the first exon, which results in the substitution of cysteine for glycine in position 12 of the predicted amino acid sequence. The genetic alteration responsible for the transforming activity of the PR310 oncogene, however, does not reside in the first exon. These results indicate that the activation of the c-K-ras oncogene in human lung cancer can occur by different mutational events.
Neurochemistry : a practical approach (1997)

1.: Isolation of synaptosomes, growth cones and their subcellular components. 2.: Proteins of the neuronal cytoplasmic and membrane-associated cytoskeleton. 3.: Immunocytochemical techniques for the study of the nervous system. 4.: In situ hybridization approaches to the study of the nervous sytem. 5.: Investigation of mitochondrial defects in brain and skeletal muscle. 6.: Measurement of neurotransmitters and their associated second messengers in vivo. 7.: Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in the nervous system. 8.: Receptor-linked phosphoinositide metabolism. 9.: Neurotransmitter transporters: purification, reconstitution, and assay of the brain GABA transporter
Long-acting reversible contraception by effervescent microneedle patch (2019)

To increase access to long-acting contraception, we developed a reversible contraceptive microneedle patch that is simple-to-administer, slowly releases contraceptive hormone (levonorgestrel) for >1 month, and generates no biohazardous sharps waste. After manually pressing the patch to skin for 1 min, microneedles rapidly separate from the patch within the skin due to effervescence triggered by contact with skin's interstitial fluid, as demonstrated in rats and human participants. Long-acting contraception is achieved by formulating microneedles with a biodegradable polymer [poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic) acid] that slowly releases levonorgestrel for ~1 month in vitro. In rats, the patch maintained levonorgestrel concentration above the human contraceptive threshold level for >1 month, and a placebo microneedle patch was well-tolerated in human participants. Women of reproductive age in three continents demonstrated interest in and preference for long-acting contraception by microneedle patch. These studies indicate that an effervescent microneedle patch could facilitate greater access to long-acting contraception.
High Efficiency DNA-Mediated Transformation of Primate Cells (1983)

Tissue culture cells from several mammalian species, including three primate lines, were transfected with recombinant vectors carrying Escherichia coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase or Tn5 aminoglycoside phosphotransferase dominant selectable markers. Human HeLa and SV40-transformed xeroderma pigmentosum cells exhibited stable transformation frequencies of at least 10(-3) (0.1 percent). CV-1, an African green monkey kidney cell line, could be stably transformed with the exceptionally high frequency of 6 X 10(-2) (6 percent).
Maintaining Configurations of Evolving Software Systems (1987)

Software configuration management ( SCM) is an emerging discipline. An important aspect of realizing SCM is the task of maintaining the configurations of evolving software systems. In this paper, we provide an approach to resolving some of the conceptual and technical problems in maintaining configurations of evolving software systems. The approach provides a formal basis for existing notions of system architecture. The formal properties of this view of configurations provide the underpinnings for a rigorous notion of system integrity, and mechanisms to control the evolution of configurations. This approach is embodied in a language, NuMIL, to describe software system configurations, and a prototype environment to maintain software system configurations. We believe that the approach and the prototype environment offer a firm base to maintain software system configurations and, therefore, to implement SCM.
Physical and Optical Properties of Inverse Opal CeO2 Photonic Crystals (2008)

Inverse opal ceria (CeO2) films and powders, exhibiting three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) structures and a photonic band gap (PBG) in the visible region, were successfully fabricated using the colloidal crystal template approach. Colloidal crystals templates, comprising polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spheres of diameter ∼325 nm arranged on a face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice, were prepared by self-assembly from aqueous colloidal suspensions of PMMA spheres. After drying, the interstitial spaces in the PMMA colloidal crystals were filled with a ceria sol–gel precursor, and then the resulting structure calcined at 400 °C to remove the polymer template. The ceria inverse opals obtained were characterized by SEM, XRD, BET, porosity, and UV–vis transmittance measurements and showed fcc ordering of macropores (diameter around 240 nm) within a CeO2 nanocrystal matrix. The CeO2 volume fraction in the inverse opals was 17–18 vol %, and its surface area was 51 m2 g−1. Both the PMMA colloidal crystals and CeO2 inverse opals behaved as 3-dimensional photonic crystals, with PBGs at 877 and 485 nm, respectively. Filling the macropores of the CeO2 inverse opal with solvent caused a redshift in the position of the PBG, with the magnitude of the shift being directly proportional to the refractive index of the solvent. Refractive index sensing with a sensitivity of n = 0.001 or better is achievable using inverse opal CeO2 thin films. Inverse opal CeO2 powders showed improved thermal stability at 800 °C compared to non-networked ceria nanoparticles of similar initial crystallite size and surface area, suggesting that inverse opal architectures may be useful in applications where retention of large surface area during high temperature operation is important (e.g., heterogeneous catalysis).
In vitrocharacterization ofTrichophyton rubrumandT. mentagrophytesbiofilms (2014)

Dermatophytes are fungi responsible for a disease known as dermatophytosis. Biofilms are sessile microbial communities surrounded by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and host defenses. This paper describes, for the first time, the characteristics of Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes biofilms. Biofilm formation was analyzed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) as well as by staining with crystal violet and safranin. Metabolic activity was determined using the XTT reduction assay. Both species were able to form mature biofilms in 72 h. T. rubrum biofilm produced more biomass and EPS and was denser than T. mentagrophytes biofilm. The SEM results demonstrated a coordinated network of hyphae in all directions, embedded within EPS in some areas. Research and characterization of biofilms formed by dermatophytes may contribute to the search of new drugs for the treatment of these mycoses and might inform future revisions with respect to the dose and duration of treatment of currently available antifungals.
Lipopolysaccharide Effectively Up‐Regulates B7‐1 (CD80) Expression and Costimulatory Function of Human Monocytes (1995)

The influence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and various cytokines on the expression of the costimulatory molecule B7-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), lymphocyte function associated antigen-3 (LFA-3) and human histocompatibility leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) on human monocytes and their effect on the costimulatory function was investigated. Freshly isolated human monocytes constitutively express ICAM-1, LFA-3 and HLA-DR, but no B7-1. B7-1 expression was up-regulated by LPS and, to a lesser extent, by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The other stimuli tested, including IFN-alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and GM-CSF+TNF-alpha, did not influence expression of B7-1 on monocytes. ICAM-1 and HLA-DR were up-regulated by IFN-gamma and LPS; LFA-3 expression was not influenced. LPS also effectively enhanced costimulatory function of monocytes as determined in the tetanustoxoid (TT) assay. Blocking of B7 by CTLA-4Ig inhibited the LPS-induced enhancement of costimulatory function almost completely. Our results indicate that the LPS-mediated up-regulation of the costimulatory function of human monocytes is mediated by B7. This mechanism may be important for host defence against Gram-negative bacteria.
Schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis: a review (1992)

Fourteen epidemiologic studies of the relationship of rheumatoid arthritis to schizophrenia have been conducted between 1934 and 1985. Twelve of the studies report a lower-than-expected rate of rheumatoid arthritis in populations of schizophrenics. Methodologic weaknesses in the studies are assessed. Nutritional, hormonal, psychosocial, genetic, and immunologic data and theories are briefly reviewed which might explain the epidemiologic results. There is sufficient evidence for the negative association between the two disorders to justify further research.
The Major Reverse Transcriptase–Incompetent Splice Variant of the Human Telomerase Protein Inhibits Telomerase Activity but Protects from Apoptosis (2013)

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT; the catalytic protein subunit of telomerase) is subjected to numerous alternative splicing events, but the regulation and function of these splice variants is obscure. Full-length hTERT includes conserved domains that encode reverse transcriptase activity, RNA binding, and other functions. The major splice variant termed α+β- or β-deletion is highly expressed in stem and cancer cells, where it codes for a truncated protein lacking most of the reverse transcriptase domain but retaining the known RNA-binding motifs. In a breast cancer cell panel, we found that β-deletion was the hTERT transcript that was most highly expressed. Splicing of this transcript was controlled by the splice regulators SRSF11, HNRNPH2, and HNRNPL, and the β-deletion transcript variant was associated with polyribosomes in cells. When ectopically overexpressed, β-deletion protein competed for binding to telomerase RNA (hTR/TERC), thereby inhibiting endogenous telomerase activity. Overexpressed β-deletion protein localized to the nucleus and mitochondria and protected breast cancer cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Our results reveal that a major hTERT splice variant can confer a growth advantage to cancer cells independent of telomere maintenance, suggesting that hTERT makes multiple contributions to cancer pathophysiology.
Acoustic Microscopy (1985)

The acoustic microscope is a new entry in the field of microscopic imaging. It comes after a delay of many years, but now appears to be well established. At last year's conference of the Royal Microscopical Society in London, for example, the booth traditionally reserved for new instruments was used to introduce commercial versions of acoustic instruments. Visitors to the exhibit learned that one can focus acoustic waves in water to a diffractionlimited waist and use them as a probe for microscopic examination. They found in examining their own samples that they could observe new detail with a resolution comparable to that achieved by optical microscopes. (See figures 1 and 2.)
Active mode locking with whispering-gallery modes (2003)

We theoretically propose an architecture of a whispering-gallery mode-locked laser with an integrated intracavity microphotonic electro-optic modulator based on an Er:LiNbO3 disk resonator. The laser promises to be small in size, to have a high pulse repetition rate, and to use a small amount of microwave power.