gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polypeptide growth factors for periodontal regeneration. (1996)

The regeneration of periodontal attachment apparatus is particularly difficult to achieve, primarily because of the presence of many different kinds of tissue that must be restored to produce a functional unit. Traditional methods aimed at regenerating the periodontium have limited indications, and their results are not predictable. Recently, investigators have begun to understand the cellular processes necessary for repair and regeneration of periodontal tissues. Proteins called growth factors have been identified that coordinate these cellular events. The growth factors that may contribute to periodontal regeneration include platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, and bone morphogenetic proteins. In vitro studies have demonstrated the positive effects of these factors on a number of cell types essential for periodontal regeneration. For instance, it has been shown that platelet-derived and insulin-like growth factors promote proliferation of osteoblasts an periodontal ligament cell-derived fibroblasts. Animal models have also been used to verify that growth factors can enhance regeneration in vivo following periodontal disease and as an adjunct to implant placement. In the future, human clinical trials will be required to identify the ideal growth factors, their proper doses, and the most suitable carrier system for them.
Combined Scanning Electrochemical−Atomic Force Microscopy (1999)

A combined scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM)-atomic force microscope (AFM) is described. The instrument permits the first simultaneous topographical and electrochemical measurements at surfaces, under fluid, with high spatial resolution. Simple probe tips suitable for SECM-AFM, have been fabricated by coating flattened and etched Pt microwires with insulating, electrophoretically deposited paint. The flattened portion of the probe provides a flexible cantilever (force sensor), while the coating insulates the probe such that only the tip end (electrode) is exposed to the solution. The SECM-AFM technique is illustrated with simultaneous electrochemical-probe deflection approach curves, simultaneous topographical and electrochemical imaging studies of track-etched polycarbonate ultrafiltration membranes, and etching studies of crystal surfaces.
Practical Chemical Sensors from Chemically Derived Graphene (2009)

We report the development of useful chemical sensors from chemically converted graphene dispersions using spin coating to create single-layer films on interdigitated electrode arrays. Dispersions of graphene in anhydrous hydrazine are formed from graphite oxide. Preliminary results are presented on the detection of NO(2), NH(3), and 2,4-dinitrotoluene using this simple and scalable fabrication method for practical devices. Current versus voltage curves are linear and ohmic in all cases, studied independent of metal electrode or presence of analytes. The sensor response is consistent with a charge transfer mechanism between the analyte and graphene with a limited role of the electrical contacts. A micro hot plate sensor substrate is also used to monitor the temperature dependence of the response to nitrogen dioxide. The results are discussed in light of recent literature on carbon nanotube and graphene sensors.
Lanthanoids in organic synthesis. 6. Reduction of .alpha.-enones by sodium borohydride in the presence of lanthanoid chlorides: synthetic and mechanistic aspects (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLanthanoids in organic synthesis. 6. Reduction of .alpha.-enones by sodium borohydride in the presence of lanthanoid chlorides: synthetic and mechanistic aspectsAndre L. Gemal and Jean Louis LucheCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 18, 5454–5459Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00408a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00408a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11229Altmetric-Citations919LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural and electronic properties of cubic, 2H, 4H, and 6HSiC (1994)

We study the structural and electronic properties of various polytypes of SiC through self-consistent ab initio pseudopotential calculations. For the wurtzite (2H), 4H, and 6H structures, the equilibrium lattice constants and bulk moduli are very similar to those for the cubic structure. The energies calculated for the polytypes considered here are very close to within 4.3 meV/atom, which may explain the polytypism of SiC. The 4H structure is found to be lowest in energy because of the attractive interactions between the alternating cubic and hexagonal stacking layers, while the wurtzite structure is most unstable among the polytypes. We find the asymmetric charge distribution for a Si-C bond to be on the boundary separating the zinc-blende and wurtzite phases, which should be related to the polytypism of SiC. In the hexagonal polytypes, the M conduction-band energy increases, while that of the K point decreases as the hexagonal close packing becomes more prominent. Thus, the conduction-band minimum state located at the X point for cubic SiC changes to the M point, and then to the K point for the 2H structure. For the cubic structure, the density of states near the conduction-band edge increases slowly with energy, while it shows very rapidly increasing behavior for the 6H polytype because its conduction-band edge states are flattened due to the band folding and the energy-increasing behavior of the M state when the hexagonal-close-packing nature is enhanced.
Phase transitions in anisotropically confined ionic crystals (1993)

Crystalline, confined ionic systems exhibit well defined phase transitions as a function of the anisotropy of the confining potential. The transitions from one to two dimensions, from two to three, and back from three to two have been investigated as a function of this anisotropy with molecular dynamics simulations. The anisotropy at which such transitions occur seems to be proportional to a power of the number of confined ions.
Role of 5‐HT3 receptors in activation of abdominal sympathetic C fibre afferents during ischaemia in cats (1998)

1. Activation of abdominal sympathetic afferents during ischaemia reflexly excites the cardiovascular system. We have shown previously that exogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, i.e. serotonin) stimulates abdominal sympathetic afferent nerve endings, and recently have documented increased concentrations of 5-HT in intestinal lymph and portal venous plasma during brief abdominal ischaemia. The present investigation evaluated the role of endogenously produced 5-HT in activation of ischaemically sensitive abdominal sympathetic afferents. 2. Nerve activity of single-unit C fibre afferents innervating duodenum, mesentery, pancreas, portal hepatis, bile duct, gall bladder and jejunum was recorded from the right thoracic sympathetic chain of anaesthetized cats. Ischaemically sensitive C fibre afferents were identified according to their response to 5-10 min of abdominal ischaemia. 3. Intra-arterial injection of 5-HT (20 microg kg-1) increased discharge activity of twelve afferents from 0. 23 +/- 0.05 to 0.96 +/- 0.09 impulses s-1 after an onset latency of 5.7 +/- 1.4 s. Also, 2-methylserotonin (100 microg kg-1, i.a.), a 5-HT3 receptor agonist, stimulated eleven of twelve afferents to significantly increase their discharge activity from 0.25 +/- 0.05 to 0.90 +/- 0.10 impulses s-1 after a latency of 3.3 +/- 0.4 s. Furthermore, intravenous injection of tropisetron (200 microg kg-1), a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated the increase in activity of twelve other C fibre afferents during 10 min of abdominal ischaemia from 1.62 +/- 0.18 to 0.94 +/- 0.22 impulses s-1, and eliminated the response of eleven other afferents to 5-HT. 4. Both the 5-HT2 receptor agonist, alpha-methylserotonin (100 microg kg-1, i.a.), and the 5-HT1 receptor agonist, 5-carboxamidotryptamine (100 microg kg-1, i.a.), did not alter the impulse activity of these twelve afferents (0.29 +/- 0.05 to 0.31 +/- 0.06, and 0.26 +/- 0.06 to 0.29 +/- 0.06 impulses s-1, respectively). 5. Treatment with indomethacin (5 mg kg-1, i.v.) in eight different cats did not alter the response of nine C fibre afferents to exogenous 5-HT (0.91 +/- 0. 17 vs. 1.19 +/- 0.25 impulses s-1, P > 0.05). 6. The results suggest that, during mesenteric ischaemia, endogenous 5-HT contributes to the activation of abdominal sympathetic afferents, mainly through direct stimulation of 5-HT3 receptors and that the action of 5-HT on these afferents appears to be independent of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway.
Diversitree: comparative phylogenetic analyses of diversification in R (2012)

Summary 1. The R package ‘diversitree’ contains a number of classical and contemporary comparative phylogenetic methods. Key included methods are BiSSE (binary state speciation and extinction), MuSSE (a multistate extension of BiSSE), and QuaSSE (quantitative state speciation and extinction). Diversitree also includes methods for analysing trait evolution and estimating speciation/extinction rates independently. 2. In this note, I describe the features and demonstrate use of the package, using a new method, MuSSE (multistate speciation and extinction), to examine the joint effects of two traits on speciation. 3. Using simulations, I found that MuSSE could reliably detect that a binary trait that affected speciation rates when simultaneously accounting for additional thats that had no effect on speciation rates. 4. Diversitree is an open source and available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network ( cran ). A tutorial and worked examples can be downloaded from http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/prog/diversitree .
Combined Doppler and time free positioning technique for low dynamics receivers (2012)

It has been demonstrated that a position can be estimate in a GPS receiver using only sub millisecond code phase measurements, as opposed to complete pseudoranges. This technique is referred to as time free or snap shot positioning and requires a course estimate of time, an a-priori estimate of the receiver position and GPS satellite ephemeris information. Using assisted-GNSS techniques the GPS satellite information can be obtained from publicly available Internet sources. The approximate time at the receiver can be estimated using a low accuracy clock. This leaves only the a-priori receiver position requirement to an accuracy of approximately half a GNSS code chip (or approximately 150 km for GPS CIA code). Unfortunately, there is no universally available solution to this last requirement as the receiver could be anywhere on or near the Earth. This last restriction has the potential to limit the usefulness of the time free positioning technique. We have developed a combined Doppler assisted time free navigation methods which requires no knowledge of the a-priori receiver position. We propose that first the position can be estimated with no a-priory knowledge of the receiver position using only Doppler measurements. The accuracy of this estimate is not useful for navigation, but it is within the initialization requirements of the time free positioning method. This Doppler estimate will provide a reasonable initialization to the time free algorithm and thus effectively removes the requirement for a-priori position knowledge when estimating a receiver position using short snap shots of data, as is often the case in software receivers. This combined technique eliminates a cumbersome requirement and improves the effectiveness of receivers being designed using short bursts of data and software radio processing techniques. This paper will give an overview of the combine Doppler, time free positioning method and presents a discussion on the performance of both methods under various initial conditions. The method has been developed and tested with a software receiver and tested with off-air signals. Additionally, simulations will be presented that asses the limitations of this technique with regard to receiver dynamics.
A ratiometric fluorescent sensor with a large Stokes shift for imaging zinc ions in living cells (2008)

The ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on furoquinoline has been designed and synthesized, and not only exhibits a large Stokes shift of 199 nm in a mixture of C(2)H(5)OH-H(2)O (v/v = 8 ratio 2, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH = 7.3), but can selectively detect zinc ions in the presence of competing metal ions with a red-shift of 75 nm; moreover, cell stain experiments show that can readily reveal a change in intracellular Zn(2+).
Speaker identification on the SCOTUS corpus (2008)

This paper reports the results of our experiments on speaker identification in the SCOTUS corpus, which includes oral arguments from the Supreme Court of the United States. Our main findings are as follows: 1) a combination of Gaussian mixture models and monophone HMM models attains near-100% text-independent identification accuracy on utterances that are longer than one second; (2) the sampling rate of 11025 Hz achieves the best performance (higher sampling rates are harmful); and a sampling rate as low as 2000 Hz still achieves more than 90% accuracy; (3) a distance score based on likelihood numbers was used to measure the variability of phones among speakers; we found that the most variable phone is the phone UH (as in good), and the velar nasal NG is more variable than the other two nasal sounds M and N; 4.) our models achieved “perfect” forced alignment on very long speech segments (one hour). These findings and their significance are discussed.
Reactions in Droplets in Microfluidic Channels (2006)

Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights.
Development of a TCP/IP for the IBM/370 (1985)

This paper describes the design and implementation decisions that have been made in developing software to support the DARPA TCP/IP protocols for the IBM OS/370 environment at the University of California Division of Library Automation. The implementation is designed to support over 100 concurrent TCP connections, all of which are managed by a single program, which acts as a specialized sub-operating system. The system is optimized for line-by-line or screen-by-screen terminal traffic rather than character-by-character traffic. In addition, this TCP is designed to exploit the availability of the large main storage and processor speed available on the IBM/370. TCP/IP is generally considered to be a mature protocol specification; however, in the course of our implementation we found several parts to be either ambiguous or problematic — in particular, error handling and notification, ICMP and its relationship to other protocols, and synchronization of data flow with TCP callers. We also discuss problems encountered in trying to replace hardwired terminals in a public access environment with TCP and TELNET, and some protocol changes that would make these protocols more hospitable to our environment.
A PDZ-interacting domain in CFTR is an apical membrane polarization signal (1999)

Polarization of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated chloride channel, to the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells is critical for vectorial transport of chloride in a variety of epithelia, including the airway, pancreas, intestine, and kidney. However, the motifs that localize CFTR to the apical membrane are unknown. We report that the last 3 amino acids in the COOH-terminus of CFTR (T-R-L) comprise a PDZ-interacting domain that is required for the polarization of CFTR to the apical plasma membrane in human airway and kidney epithelial cells. In addition, the CFTR mutant, S1455X, which lacks the 26 COOH-terminal amino acids, including the PDZ-interacting domain, is mispolarized to the lateral membrane. We also demonstrate that CFTR binds to ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50), an apical membrane PDZ domain-containing protein. We propose that COOH-terminal deletions of CFTR, which represent about 10% of CFTR mutations, result in defective vectorial chloride transport, partly by altering the polarized distribution of CFTR in epithelial cells. Moreover, our data demonstrate that PDZ-interacting domains and PDZ domain-containing proteins play a key role in the apical polarization of ion channels in epithelial cells.
ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION BY THE CLASS I MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (1996)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules bind peptides derived from cellular proteins and display them for surveillance by the immune system. These peptide-binding molecules are composed of a heavy chain, containing an antigen-binding groove, which is tightly associated with a light chain (beta 2-microglobulin). The majority of presented peptides are generated by degradation of proteins in the cytoplasm, in many cases by a large multicatalytic proteolytic particle, the proteasome. Two beta-subunits of the proteasome, LMP2 and LMP7, are inducible by interferon-gamma and alter the catalytic activities of this particle, enhancing the presentation of at least some antigens. After production of the peptide in the cytosol, it is transported across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in an ATP-dependent manner by TAP (transporter associated with antigen presentation), a member of the ATP-binding cassette family of transport proteins. There are minor pathways for generating presented peptides directly in the ER, and some evidence suggests that peptides may be further trimmed in this location. The class I heavy chain and beta 2-microglobulin are cotranslationally translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum where their assembly may be facilitated by the sequential association of the heavy chain with chaperone proteins BiP and calnexin. The class I molecule then associates with the lumenal face of TAP where it is retained, presumably awaiting a peptide. After the class I molecule binds a peptide, it is released for exocytosis to the cell surface where cytotoxic T lymphocytes examine it for peptides derived from foreign proteins.
Improved Methods for the Synthesis of Branched DNA (bDNA) for use as Amplification Multimers in Bioassays (1991)

Abstract We have reported the synthesis of comb type bDNA where a unique, primary oligonucleotide fragment is tailed with several identical copies of a secondary oligonucleotide1. The strategy for synthesis of these molecules is based on the use of a nucleoside analog branching monomer. Recent improvements in solid phase methods enable the synthesis of bDNA with as many as 50 copies of secondary sequences. Characterization of these bDNA is also discussed.
Liver-specific ATP-citrate lyase inhibition by bempedoic acid decreases LDL-C and attenuates atherosclerosis (2016)

Despite widespread use of statins to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk, many patients do not achieve sufficient LDL-C lowering due to muscle-related side effects, indicating novel treatment strategies are required. Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) is a small molecule intended to lower LDL-C in hypercholesterolemic patients, and has been previously shown to modulate both ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in rodents. However, its mechanism for LDL-C lowering, efficacy in models of atherosclerosis and relevance in humans are unknown. Here we show that ETC-1002 is a prodrug that requires activation by very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-1 (ACSVL1) to modulate both targets, and that inhibition of ACL leads to LDL receptor upregulation, decreased LDL-C and attenuation of atherosclerosis, independently of AMPK. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the absence of ACSVL1 in skeletal muscle provides a mechanistic basis for ETC-1002 to potentially avoid the myotoxicity associated with statin therapy.
Sudden-death syndrome of soybean is caused by two morphologically and phylogenetically distinct species within theFusarium solanispecies complex—F. virguliformein North America andF. tucumaniaein South America (2003)

Soybean sudden-death syndrome has become a serious constraint to commercial production of this crop in North and South America during the past decade. To assess whether the primary etiological agent is panmictic in both hemispheres, morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted on strains selected to represent the known pathogenic and genetic diversity of this pathogen. Maximum-parsimony analysis of DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer region and the single copy nuclear gene translation elongation factor 1-α, together with detailed morphological comparisons of conidial features, indicate that SDS of soybean in North and South America is caused by two phylogenetically and morphologically distinct species. Fusarium virguliforme sp. nov., formally known as F. solani f. sp. glycines, is described and illustrated for the SDS pathogen in North America, and F. tucumaniae sp. nov. is proposed for the South American pathogen. The molecular phylogenetic results challenge the forma specialis naming system because pathogenicity to soybean might have evolved convergently in F. tucumaniae and F. virguliforme. Phylogenetic evidence indicates the two SDS pathogens do not share a most recent common ancestor, since F. tucumaniae was resolved as a sister to a pathogen of Phaseolus vulgaris, F. phaseoli comb. nov. All three pathogens appear to have evolutionary origins in the southern hemisphere since they are deeply nested within a South American clade of the F. solani species complex.