gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transgenic tobacco plants that overexpress alfalfa NADH‐glutamate synthase have higher carbon and nitrogen content (2001)

This work reports the characterization of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants that constitutively overexpress NADH-GOGAT. Three independent transformants, designated GOS10, GOS13 and GOS19 (for GOGAT sense), with stable integration of the chimeric alfalfa NADH-GOGAT gene fused to the CaMV 35S promoter were studied. The transgene was stably integrated and inherited by the progeny. In these GOS lines, the expression of NADH-GOGAT mRNA and protein was detected at low levels in roots and leaves, while the expression of the host tobacco NADH-GOGAT gene was nearly undetectable. The roots of GOS lines showed an elevated (15-40%) enzyme activity as compared to control plants. When GOS plants were grown under greenhouse conditions and fed with either nitrate or ammonium as the sole nitrogen source, they showed higher total carbon and nitrogen content in shoots and increased shoot dry weight when plants were entering into the flowering stage, as compared to control plants. The observed phenotype of GOS plants was interpreted as reflecting a higher capacity to assimilate nitrogen due to a higher NADH-GOGAT activity.
Detailed Simulations of the Effects of Process Parameters on Adverse Mobility Ratio Displacements (1988)

ABSTRACT This paper describes research in modeling unstable displacement processes (especially related to the application of CO2 flooding) with the ultimate goal of predicting recoveries in unstable field scale displacements. The research has focused on understanding and quantifying the effects of process parameters, such as reservoir heterogeneity, phase behavior, fluid properties, and solvent/water injection ratio, on the stability of displacements. Numerical simulation using very fine grids was used to obtain these results. These fine grid simulations were compared to simulations using the more standard models based on the mixing parameter concept of Todd and Longstaff and the theory of Koval. This work produced the following observations: In secondary miscible displacements in heterogeneous reservoirs, the value of the mixing parameter can be strongly dependent on mobility ratio.In displacements which are not first contact miscible, the shockfront mobility ratio is generally less than the fluid viscosity ratio. This effect tends to stabilize the displacement front. The mixing parameter model can, in some cases, be used to model such processes, and the value of the mixing parameter can be estimated from knowledge of the mobility ratio across the displacement front.In general, for displacements which are not first contact miscible, the mixing parameter model is inadequate due to its inability to account for thermodynamic nonequilibrium between zones of oil contacted and uncontacted by solvent.In tertiary displacements the frontal mobility ratios, as computed from a one-dimensional solution, are in general not sufficient to compute the stability of the displacement.
Stretchable and Twistable Bones for Skeletal Shape Deformation (2011)

Skeleton-based linear blend skinning (LBS) remains the most popular method for real-time character deformation and animation. The key to its success is its simple implementation and fast execution. However, in addition to the well-studied elbow-collapse and candy-wrapper artifacts, the space of deformations possible with LBS is inherently limited. In particular, blending with only a scalar weight function per bone prohibits properly handling stretching, where bones change length, and twisting, where the shape rotates along the length of the bone. We present a simple modification of the LBS formulation that enables stretching and twisting without changing the existing skeleton rig or bone weights. Our method needs only an extra scalar weight function per bone, which can be painted manually or computed automatically. The resulting formulation significantly enriches the space of possible deformations while only increasing storage and computation costs by constant factors.
Expression and characterization of recombinant human factor V and a mutant lacking a major portion of the connecting region (1990)

Human coagulation factor V is a protein cofactor that is an essential component of the prothrombinase complex. A full-length factor V cDNA has been subcloned into the mammalian expression vector pDX and used to transfect COS cells. Approximately 95 +/- 4% of the recombinant human factor V (rHFV) synthesized in COS cells is secreted into the culture medium. Forty-eight hours after transfection rHFV antigen levels in the conditioned medium were 70 +/- 15 ng/mL. Factor V activity determined by fibrometer assay increased approximately 5-fold from 0.027 +/- 0.012 to 0.124 +/- 0.044 unit/mL following activation by the factor V activating enzyme from Russell's viper venom (RVV-V). A chromogenic assay specific for factor Va indicated that recombinant factor V had 3.8 +/- 1.3% of the activity of the activated protein. The estimated specific activity of the recombinant factor Va was approximately 1800 +/- 500 units/mg, which is similar to the specific activity of purified plasma factor Va of 1700-2000 units/mg. Immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled rHFV revealed a single high molecular mass component (approximately 330 kDa). Treatment of rHFV with thrombin or RVV-V resulted in the formation of proteolytic products that were similar to those seen with plasma factor V. We have also expressed a mutant, rHFV-des-B811-1441, that lacks a large portion of the highly glycosylated connecting region that is present in factor V. Immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled rHFV-des-B811-1441 revealed a single-chain polypeptide with Mr approximately 230 kDa. This mutant constitutively expressed 38 +/- 7% of the activity of the RVV-V-activated protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Integration of Human Papillomavirus Type 11 in Recurrent Respiratory Papilloma‐Associated Cancer (2004)

HPV type 6 and 11 are considered "low-risk" viruses and are not associated with genital cancers, as are HPV types 16 and 18. However, our data suggests that HPV type 11 is an aggressive virus in laryngeal papilloma that should be monitored in patients with RRP.
Keyword-spotting using SRI's DECIPHER large-vocabulary speech-recognition system (1993)

The application of the speaker-independent large-vocabulary CSR (continuous speech recognition) system DECIPHER to the keyword-spotting task is described. A transcription is generated for the incoming spontaneous speech by using a CSR system, and any keywords that occur in the transcription are hypothesized. It is shown that the use of improved models of nonkeyword speech with a CSR system can yield significantly improved keyword spotting performance. The algorithm for computing the score of a keyword combines information from acoustics, language, and duration. One key limitation of this approach is that keywords are only hypothesized if they are included in the Viterbi backtrace. This does not allow the system builder to operate effectively at high false alarm levels if desired. Other algorithms are being considered for hypothesizing good score keywords that are on high scoring paths. An algorithm for smoothing language model probabilities was also introduced. This algorithm combines small task-specific language model training data with large task-independent language training data, and provided a 14% reduction in test set perplexity.< <ETX>&gt;</ETX>
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase mutants retain in vitro integrase activity yet fail to integrate viral DNA efficiently during infection (1996)

The viral integrase (IN) protein is the only viral protein known to be required for integration of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome into the host cell DNA, a step in the viral life cycle that is essential for viral replication. To better understand the relationship between in vitro IN activity and IN-mediated integration of viral DNA in an infected cell, we characterized the effects of 13 IN mutations on viral replication in cultured cells. Using HIV-1 genomes that express the hygromycin resistance gene and do not express the HIV-1 env gene, we generated stocks of pseudotype virus coated with the murine leukemia virus amphotropic envelope glycoprotein, containing either wild-type or mutant HIV-1 IN. All mutants produced normal amounts of physical particles, as measured by reverse transcriptase activity and capsid protein (p24) concentration, but they formed three groups based on infectious titer and synthesis of viral DNA. Changes at the three highly conserved acidic residues in the IN core domain (D-64, D-116, and E-152) impair provirus formation without affecting viral DNA synthesis or the accumulation of viral DNA in the nucleus of the infected cell, a phenotype predicted by each mutant's lack of in vitro integrase activity. Mutations at positions N-120, R-199, and W-235 minimally affect in vitro integrase activity, but infectious titers are severely reduced, despite normal synthesis of viral DNA, implying a defect during integration in vivo. Mutations in the zinc binding region (H12C, H16V, and H16C), S81R, and a deletion of residues 32 through 275 yield noninfectious particles that synthesize little or no viral DNA following infection, despite wild-type levels of reverse transcriptase activity and viral RNA in the particles. The two latter classes of mutants suggest that IN can affect DNA synthesis or integration during infection in ways that are not appreciated from currently used assays in vitro.
Male infertility : clinical investigation, cause evaluation and treatment (1996)

Part 1 Basic sciences: cytological aspects of spermatogenisis, J. Muller, A. Giwercman and N.E. Skakkeboek genetic mechanism of normal and abnormal sexual development in males, J.-J. Cassiman the neuroendocrine regulation of male reproduction, J.-M. Kaufman growth factors and cytokines in the testis, M. Benahmed physiology and evaluation of epididymal function, T.G. Cooper. Part 2 Clinical investigation: definition of infertility, subfertility and fecundability - methods to calculate the success rate of treatment, F.H. Comhaire basic investigation of the infertile male and andrological aspects of ercectile dysfunction, F.H. Comhaire conventioal methods of semen analysis, F.H. Comhaire advanced semen analysis, F.H. Comhaire, A. Hinting and A.M. Mahmoud biological and biochemical tests on semen, A. Zalata et al sperm function and its evaluation, L.J.D. Zaneveld. Part 3 Major causes of male reproductive impairment: ejaculatory dysfunction, R. Wang, M. Monga and W.J.G. Hellstrom immunological causes, A. Hinting and A.M. Mahmoud varicocele, F.H. Comhaire and J. Gerris sexually transmitted diseases, C.L.R. Barratt some aspects of male accessory gland infection, and its possible role in male infertility, F.H. Comhaire and A. Zalata environmental factors, J.P. Bonde congenital causes, A. Giwercman, J. Muller and N.E. Skakkeboek acquired causes, F. Duyck and D. Vanderschueren testicular cancer, A. Giwercman, J. Muller and N.E. Skakkeboek. Part 4 Therapeutic approaches to male infertility: hormonel treatment, F.H. Comhaire surgical approach, J. Gerris and P. Devroey assisted reproduction technologies, S. Gordts donor sperm insemination and sperm banking, H.T. Depypere, J. Gerris and F.H. Comhaire computer-assisted managment and the infertile male, F. Schoonjans and F.H. Comhaire techniques of semen analysis, F.H. Comhaire and L. Vermeulen.
Dominant Negative Mutants Implicate STAT5 in Myeloid Cell Proliferation and Neutrophil Differentiation (1999)

STAT5 is a member of the signal transducers and activation of transcription (STAT) family of latent transcription factors activated in a variety of cytokine signaling pathways. We introduced alanine substitution mutations in highly conserved regions of murine STAT5A and studied the mutants for dimerization, DNA binding, transactivation, and dominant negative effects on erythropoietin-induced STAT5-dependent transcriptional activation. The mutations included two near the amino-terminus (W255KR→AAA and R290QQ→AAA), two in the DNA-binding domain (E437E→AA and V466VV→AAA), and a carboxy-terminal truncation of STAT5A (STAT5A/▵53C) analogous to a naturally occurring isoform of rat STAT5B. All of the STAT mutant proteins were tyrosine phosphorylated by JAK2 and heterodimerized with STAT5B except for the WKR mutant, suggesting an important role for this region in STAT5 for stabilizing dimerization. The WKR, EE, and VVV mutants had no detectable DNA-binding activity, and the WKR and VVV mutants, but not EE, were defective in transcriptional induction. The VVV mutant had a moderate dominant negative effect on erythropoietin-induced STAT5 transcriptional activation, which was likely due to the formation of heterodimers that are defective in DNA binding. Interestingly, the WKR mutant had a potent dominant negative effect, comparable to the transactivation domain deletion mutant, ▵53C. Stable expression of either the WKR or ▵53C STAT5 mutants in the murine myeloid cytokine-dependent cell line 32D inhibited both interleukin-3–dependent proliferation and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)–dependent differentiation, without induction of apoptosis. Expression of these mutants in primary murine bone marrow inhibited G-CSF–dependent granulocyte colony formation in vitro. These results demonstrate that mutations in distinct regions of STAT5 exert dominant negative effects on cytokine signaling, likely through different mechanisms, and suggest a role for STAT5 in proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells.
Unique space telescope concepts using CFRP composite thin-shelled mirrors and structures (2007)

Presented are unique concepts for space telescopes and optics, based on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) thin-shelled mirror technology. Thin-shell CFRP mirrors have been proven for IR and longer wavelengths and to a large extent, visible wavelength optics. The unique structural/mechanical and lightweight characteristics of thin shells open the design possibilities for advanced space telescopes with active/adaptive mirrors. Low weight and general ease of manufacturing of CFRP structures can result in reduced part-count and inexpensive lightweight telescopes for space applications. Three advanced mirror concepts will be presented in this paper, 1) Advanced stowage of thin-shell mirrors for segmented telescopes, 2) advanced deformable mirror concepts, and 3) simple and inexpensive fabrication concepts using simplified molding tools for space telescope mirrors. Also presented will be empirical data of CFRP thin-shell mirrors and composite structures produced supporting their use for space telescope applications.
Carbon nanotube-based hierarchical composites: a review (2010)

The introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into conventional fibre-reinforced polymer composites creates a hierarchical reinforcement structure and can significantly improve composite performance. This paper reviews the progress to date towards the creation of fibre reinforced (hierarchical) nanocomposites and assesses the potential for a new generation of advanced multifunctional materials. Two alternative strategies for forming CNT-based hierarchical composites are contrasted, the dispersion of CNTs into the composite matrix and their direct attachment onto the primary fibre surface. The implications of each approach for composite processing and performance are discussed, along with a summary of the measured improvements in the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of the resulting hierarchical composites.
Retrieval analysis of total knee prostheses: A method and its application to 48 total condylar prostheses (1983)

A technique for the classification and quantification of damage in retrieved total knee prostheses is presented and applied to the examination of 48 removed total condylar-type knee replacements. The technique involves inspection of all metallic and polyethylene components for evidence of gross deformation, fracture, and damage to articulating surfaces. A grading system was developed to quantitate surface damage on polyethylene components. Results of the examinations are combined with patient variables (weight, activity level, radiographic findings, time of implantation, and results of histology performed on surrounding tissue) to determine correlations between clinical variables and the mechanical damage experienced by the prostheses. For the 48 total condylar-type prostheses, significant positive correlations were found for the surface damage correlated with the patient's weight and the time the prosthesis was implanted.
Portable Filter-Based Microdevice for Detection and Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells (2010)

This filter-based microdevice is both a capture and analysis platform, capable of multiplexed imaging and genetic analysis. The microdevice presented here has the potential to enable routine CTC analysis in the clinical setting for the effective management of cancer patients.
Host groups: A multicast extension for datagram internetworks (1985)

The extensive use of local networks is beginning to drive requirements for internetwork facilities that connect these local networks. In particular, the availability of multicast addressing in many local networks and its use by sophisticated distributed applications motivates providing multicast across internetworks. This paper proposes a model of service for multicast in an internetwork, describe how this service can be used, and describe aspects of its implementation including how it would fit into one existing internetwork architecture, namely the US DoD internet Architecture. (Author)
Human colonic biota studied by ribosomal DNA sequence analysis (1996)

Human colonic biota is a complex microbial ecosystem that serves as a host defense. Unlike most microbial ecosystems, its composition has been studied extensively by relatively efficient culture methods. We have compared an established culture-based method with direct amplification and partial sequencing of cloned 16S rRNA genes from a human fecal specimen. Nine cycles of PCR were also compared with 35 cycles. Colonies and cloned amplicons were classified by comparing their ribosomal DNA (rDNA; DNA coding for rRNA) sequences with rDNA sequences of known phylogeny. Quantitative culture recovered 58% of the microscopic count. The 48 colonies identified gave 21 rDNA sequences; it was estimated that 72% of the rDNA sequences from the total population of culturable cells would match these 21 sampled sequences (72% coverage). Fifty 9-cycle clones gave 27 sequences and 59% coverage of cloned rDNAs. Thirty-nine rDNAs cloned after 35 cycles of PCR gave 13 sequences for 74% coverage. Thus, the representation of the ecosystem after 35 cycles of PCR was distorted and lacked diversity. However, when the number of temperature cycles was minimized, biodiversity was preserved, and there was good agreement between culturing bacteria and sampling rDNA directly.
Faecal Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Levels in Faeces from Infants with Cow‘s Milk Protein Allergy (2011)

The findings clearly set a link between a dysbiosis in gut microbiota composition and the pathogenesis of CMPA. No single species or genus appeared to play an essential role, but dysbiosis led to biomarkers of CMPA among bacterial fermentation products.
Noise properties of microwave signals synthesized with femtosecond lasers (2007)

We discuss various aspects of high resolution measurements of phase fluctuations at microwave frequencies. This includes methods to achieve thermal noise limited sensitivity, along with the improved immunity to oscillator amplitude noise. A few prototype measurement systems were developed to measure phase fluctuations of microwave signals extracted from the optical pulse trains generated by femtosecond lasers. This enabled first reliable measurements of the excess phase noise associated with optical-to-microwave frequency division. The spectral density of the excess phase noise was found to be -140 dBc/Hz at 100 Hz offset from the 10 GHz carrier which was almost 40 dB better than that of a high quality microwave synthesizer.
Antiinsulin Receptor Autoantibodies Induce Insulin Receptors to Constitutively Associate with Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and -2 and Cause Severe Cell Resistance to Both Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I1 (1999)

We report here that antiinsulin receptor (anti-IR) autoantibodies (AIRs) from a newly diagnosed patient with type B syndrome of insulin resistance induced cellular resistance not only to insulin but also to insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) for the stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase activities and of glycogen and DNA syntheses. The molecular mechanisms of this dual resistance were investigated. Patient AIRs bound the IR at the insulin-binding site and caused insulin resistance at the IR level by inducing a 50% decrease in cell surface IRs and a severe defect in the tyrosine kinase activity of the residual IRs, manifested by a loss of insulin-stimulated IR autophosphorylation and IR substrate-1 (IRS-1)/IRS-2 phosphorylation. In contrast, cell resistance to IGF-I occurred at a step distal to IGF-I receptors (IGF-IRs), as AIRs altered neither IGF-I binding nor IGF-I-induced IGF-IR autophosphorylation, but inhibited the ability of IGF-IRs to mediate tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in response to IGF-I. Coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that in AIR-treated cells, IRs, but not IGF-IRs, were constitutively associated with IRS-1 and IRS-2, strongly suggesting that AIR-desensitized IRs impeded IGF-I action by sequestering IRS-1 and IRS-2. Accordingly, AIRs had no effect on the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity or DNA synthesis by vanadyl sulfate, FCS, epidermal growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor, all of which activate signaling pathways independent of IRS-1/IRS-2. Thus, AIRs induced cell resistance to both insulin and IGF-I through a novel mechanism involving a constitutive and stable association of IRS-1 and IRS-2 with the IR.
Immunoglobulin Genes (1983)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
The Gene Encoding Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and the Risk of Human Stroke (1999)

Our findings suggest that molecular variants of the ANP gene may represent an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents in humans. The strong parallelism to the experimental data obtained in the stroke-prone animal model provides assurance for the relevance of our observation.