gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2D large aperture ultrasound phased arrays for hyperthermia cancer therapy: design, fabrication and experimental results (2002)

Ultrasound has proven to be an effective modality for inducing hyperthermia for cancer therapy because of the spatial control of the SAR that may be achieved. The use of phased-array ultrasound applicators provides additional benefits because the ultrasound field may be changed rapidly (at electronic speeds) and may be used to focus the field at several locations simultaneously. To obtain these qualities, large apertures with element counts exceeding several hundred are needed. However, with the increase in the number of elements, both the control and fabrication process involve greater complexity. Therefore the construction of phased array systems, especially those using geometric focusing to increase intensity gain, has proven technically difficult. In order to avoid complex machining and mounting procedures, a modular approach to array construction has been developed. To test this approach, phased arrays with 192 and 512 elements have been designed, fabricated and characterized in the authors' laboratory. These arrays are composed of flat panels arranged to approximate a spherically shaped aperture. Experimental acoustic measurements for both arrays are presented and compared with computer simulations, showing good agreement. In addition, experimental results using these arrays, in conjunction with a control algorithm developed in the authors' lab, to induce and maintain hyperthermia in in vivo canine thigh muscle are presented. These results demonstrate the flexibility of such applicators, and the control which they can achieve over the SAR field.
Fiber-optic wavelength-division multiplexing and demultiplexing using volume holographic gratings (1989)

We present theoretical and experimental results of a novel fiber-optic wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) design employing a broadband (>150-nm) dichromated gelatin volume holographic grating operating in a reflective Littrow configuration with on-axis optics, a single lens, and one fiber array. This configuration can achieve better than -1.5-dB insertion loss and -40-dB cross talk for a 6-channel system and -2.5-dB insertion loss and -20-dB cross talk for a 12-channel system with 15-nm channel spacing. For an experimental 4-channel WDM unit we measured better than -1.5-dB insertion loss for all channels and less than -32-dB cross talk. This design can provide cost and performance benefits for local area network communication applications.
Thioxanthene derivatives of pharmacological interest: 1,2,4-Trichloro and 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro derivatives of 9-(3-dimethylaminopropylidene)thioxanthene (1984)

Reactions of 2,4,5-trichlorothiophenol ( II ) with 2-iodobenzoic acid and 2,3-dichlorothiopheno with 3,5-dichloro-2-iodobenzoic acid gave the acids III and IX which were cyclized to thioxanthones VI and XV . Reactions of these ketones with 3-dimethylaminopropylmagnesium chloride afforded the amino alcohols VII and XVI which were transformed by the acid catalyzed dehydration to the title compounds I and VIII . 2-Chloro-9-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-piperidylidene]thioxanthene ( XVII ) was obtained by a modified synthesis. Compound I is inactive in the line of the CNS effects but it has high inhibitory activity in the in vitro tests towards gram-positive microorganisms. Compound XVII has properties of a mild tranquillizer.
Clomiphene for Male Infertility (1996)

Objective: To review the use of clomiphene for the treatment of male infertility. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search covering the years 1966 through 1994 was used to identify pertinent literature. Study Selection: Only placebo-controlled studies using dosages of clomiphene 25–50 mg/d for at least 3 months were reviewed. Data Extraction: Because there are numerous uncontrolled reports claiming success with clomiphene for the treatment of male infertility, only controlled studies with clomiphene 25–50 mg/d are discussed. This dosage range was selected because higher dosages of clomiphene may suppress spermatogenesis. Data Synthesis: Although the study conducted by the World Health Organization demonstrated an increase in both sperm count and motility after clomiphene treatment, no difference in pregnancy rates between the clomiphene-treated and placebo groups was observed. No significant difference in pregnancy rates was seen in a randomized trial comparing clomiphene with vitamin C. Of the four studies discussed, only one concluded that clomiphene was effective in increasing sperm concentration and pregnancy rates. However, the results do not establish a causal role for clomiphene. Conclusions: To assess the efficacy of clomiphene for the treatment of male infertility, better-designed studies need to be done. Information regarding comparability of female cohorts should be included, and results should be stratified according to the severity of oligospermia.
Increased VEGFR2 expression during human late endothelial progenitor cells expansion enhances in vitro angiogenesis with up‐regulation of integrin α6 (2007)

In vitro expansion of late endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) might yield a cell therapy product useful for myocardial and leg ischaemia, but the influence of EPC expansion on the angiogenic properties of these cells is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of in vitro EPC expansion on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor expression. EPCs were obtained from CD34(+) cord blood cells and expanded for up to 5 weeks. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that VEGFR2 expression, contrary to VEGFR1 and VEGFR3 expression, was significantly higher on expanded EPCs than on freshly isolated CD34(+) cells or on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Quantitative flow cytometry confirmed that VEGFR2 density on EPCs increased during the expansion process and was significantly higher than on HUVECs. The impact of VEGFR2 increase was studied on the three theoretical steps of angiogenesis, i.e., EPC proliferation, migration and differentiation. VEGFR2 up-regulation had no effect on VEGF-induced cell proliferation, but significantly enhanced EPC migration and pseudotubes formation dependent on integrin alpha(6) subunit overexpression. In vitro expansion of late EPCs increases the expression of VEGFR2, the main VEGF receptor, with possible implications for EPC-based angiogenic therapy.
The emerging role of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer (2012)

The evaluation of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer can be performed using different platforms. Standardization and comparison of the platforms to each other and their use in prospective clinical trials is needed for incorporation of circulating tumor cell assays into clinical practice.
[Factors influencing the quality of Peucedanum Praeruptorum Dunn and "assessment of quality based on its features"]. (2018)

The factors influencing the evaluation of the quality of <i>Peucedanum praeruptorum</i> Dunn, called "<i>Qianhu</i>" in Chinese, include the botanical origin, places of production, harvesting time and its nature of "<i>Ci Xiong</i>" (bolting and unbolting) etc. The orthodox products are derived from <i>Peucedanum praeruptorum</i> Dunn in successive dynasties, especially the unbolting one produced in Anhui and Zhejiang Provinces picked up during the Beginning of Winter. The "assessment of quality based on its features" includes the "Earthworm head" , "black skin of the root" , "gold inlaid with white jade" , "soft texture like sweet rice" and "strong fragrant smell" . Therefore, the "assessment of quality based on its features" is the summary of all its properties, including the morphology, color, flavor, and property, and it's also the background for evaluating its quality and embodying the wisdom of distinguishing experiences of ancient herbologists.
Abstract #3740: A clinical trial of the Bruton\#8217;s tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitor PCI-32765 in naturally occurring canine lymphoma (2009)

Bruton\#8217;s tyrosine kinase is a Tec family kinase that functions downstream of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in both developing and mature B cells. BCR expression is frequently maintained in non-Hodgkin\#8217;s lymphoma (NHL), suggesting that tonic or antigen-driven activation of the BCR pathway may contribute to tumor cell survival. PCI-32765 is an orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of Btk that covalently binds to Cys-481 in the active site (ChemMedChem 15:58, 2007). We have shown previously that PCI-32765 inhibits BCR signaling, induces apoptosis in a subset of human lymphoma cell lines, and suppresses tumor growth in B cell lymphoma xenograft models in the mouse (Blood 110:475A, 2007). In preparation for clinical trials in human lymphoma, we have initiated a trial of PCI-32765 in naturally occurring B cell NHL in companion dogs. Canine NHL shares many characteristics with human NHL, including diagnostic classifications and response to CHOP chemotherapies. In the current study, both treatment naive and relapsed dogs are being enrolled and PCI-32765 is dosed once per day in capsule form. In order to monitor inhibition of Btk in vivo we have developed a novel pharmacodynamic assay using a fluorescent probe derived from PCI-32765. The probe can be added to protein lysates ex vivo and probe-labeled Btk can be visualized by fluorescent gel scanning. Because the probe binds at the same site as PCI-32765, inhibition of Btk by PCI-32765 prevents subsequent probe labeling. Using this assay we found that in all dogs, a single dose of PCI-32765 (20 mg/kg) is sufficient to fully occupy Btk in peripheral blood and tumor tissue for 24 hours. To date, four dogs have been treated and we have observed a partial response (RECIST) in one dog, in which total tumor burden was reduced 79% after 4 weeks of dosing. In conclusion, PCI-32765 is capable of completely inhibiting tumor-associated Btk in canine lymphoma and may be an effective therapy in human lymphoma. In addition, clinical evaluation in spontaneous cancer in dogs is a valuable approach to explore safety, efficacy and dose scheduling prior to human clinical trials. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 3740.
Fear memory retrieval induces CREB phosphorylation and Fos expression within the amygdala (2001)

Fear memory retrieval has been shown to induce a protein-synthesis dependent re-consolidation of memories within the amygdala. Here, using immunocytochemistry, we investigated the molecular basis of this process in the rat and show that retrieval of a cued fear memory induces the activation, by phosphorylation, of the transcription factor CREB within the basal and lateral nuclei of the amygdala, as well as expression of the CREB-regulated immediate-early gene, c-fos, in the basal amygdala. We also show an increase in CREB phosphorylation within the central nucleus of the amygdala following behavioural testing, with an accompanying increase in Fos-immunoreactive nuclei in animals retrieving the cued association. There were no changes in either phosphorylated CREB or Fos in the hippocampus following exposure to discrete fear stimuli. These results show that activation of CREB, which has been shown to be involved in the formation of long-term fear memories, also accompanies memory retrieval, and also suggest a role for CREB phosphorylation in memory re-consolidation following retrieval.
Assembly of metallic nanoparticle arrays on glass via nanoimprinting and thin-film dewetting (2017)

We propose a nanofabrication process to generate large-area arrays of noble metal nanoparticles on glass substrates via nanoimprinting and dewetting of metallic thin films. Glass templates were made via pattern transfer from a topographic Si mold to an inorganically cross-linked sol-gel (IGSG) resist on glass using a two-layer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp followed by annealing, which turned the imprinted resist into pure silica. The transparent, topographic glass successfully templated the assembly of Au and Ag nanoparticle arrays via thin-film deposition and dewetting at elevated temperatures. The microstructural and mechanical characteristics that developed during the processes were discussed. The results are promising for low-cost mass fabrication of devices for several photonic applications.
Human Mig chemokine: biochemical and functional characterization. (1995)

Mig is a chemokine of the CXC subfamily that was discovered by differential screening of a cDNA library prepared from lymphokine-activated macrophages. The mig gene is inducible in macrophages and in other cells in response to interferon (IFN)-gamma. We have transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with cDNA encoding human Mig and we have derived CHO cell lines from which we have purified recombinant human Mig (rHuMig). rHuMig induced the transient elevation of [Ca2+]i in human tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) and in cultured, activated human peripheral blood-derived lymphocytes. No responses were seen in human neutrophils, monocytes, or Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines. rHuMig was chemotactic for TIL by a modified Boyden chamber assay but rHuMig was not chemotactic for neutrophils or monocytes. The CHO cell lines, IFN-gamma-treated human peripheral-blood monocytes, and IFN-gamma-treated cells of the human monocytic cell line THP-1 all secreted multiple and identical HuMig species as revealed by SDS-PAGE. Using the CHO-derived rHuMig, we have shown that the species' heterogeneity is due to proteolytic cleavage at basic carboxy-terminal residues, and that the proteolysis occurs before and not after rHuMig secretion by the CHO cells. The major species of secreted rHuMig ranged from 78 to 103 amino acids in length, the latter corresponding to the full-length secreted protein predicted from the HuMig cDNA. Carboxy-terminal-truncated forms of rHuMig were of lower specific activity compared to full-length rHuMig in the calcium flux assay, and the truncated species did not block the activity of the full-length species. It is likely that HuMig plays a role in T cell trafficking and perhaps in other aspects of the physiology of activated T cells.
Effects of phospholipid and GTP on recombinant ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). Molecular basis for differences in requirements for activity of mammalian ARFs. (1992)

ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are highly conserved approximately 20-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that were first identified based on their ability to stimulate the cholera toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of Gs alpha and thus activate adenylyl cyclase. Proteins with ARF activity have been characterized from different mammalian tissues and exhibited different requirements for activity, stability, and phospholipid. Based on molecular cloning and mRNA distribution, at least six mammalian ARFs, which fall into three classes, have been identified. To test whether individual ARFs might have different requirements for optimal activity, as judged by their ability to enhance cholera toxin ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, four ARFs from classes I, II, and III were produced as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli and characterized. Recombinant bovine ARF 2 (rARF 2) and human ARF 3 (rARF 3) (class I), human ARF 5 (rARF 5, class II), and human ARF 6 (rARF 6, class III) differed in the effects of phospholipid and detergent on their ability to enhance cholera toxin activity; rARFs 2, 3, and 5 required dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and cholate, whereas rARF 6 did not require phospholipid/detergent for activity. Further characterization of two of the more divergent ARFs (ARFs 2 and 6) showed that both exhibited guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate binding which was enhanced by DMPC/cholate. In the transferase assay, rARF 2 required approximately 4 microM GTP for half-maximal stimulation of toxin activity, whereas rARF 6 required 0.05 microM GTP. rARF 6 exhibited a delay in activation of toxin not detected with rARF 2 that may be related to a requirement for guanine nucleotide exchange and/or GTP binding. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that the highly conserved members of the ARF family have different requirements for optimal activity.
Are They Really Working?: A Critique of '10 Year Plans to End Homelessness' (2008)

A 2007 report on the current progress of several local 10 year action plans undertaken in the United States since the early 2000s to end homelessness is presented. It is observed that the plans are quite successful in decreasing chronic homelessness, and their potential scope to be successful as adapted to Australian conditions is highlighted.
Introduction: Perspectives on Family, Friend and Neighbor Child Care (2017)

Introduces a series of essays that explore family, friend, and neighbor child care. This form of child care has often been portrayed as "substandard, unregulated care" without any adequate research to support this claim. In 2005, the National Alliance for Family, Friend and Neighbor Child Care was formed. This series aims to encourage greater recognition of the role that kith and kin caregivers play in the child care continuum - offering a review of recent research, programs, and policy.
Human low-affinity IgG receptor Fc gamma RIIa (CD32) introduced into mouse fibroblasts mediates phagocytosis of sensitized erythrocytes (1992)

Multiple isoforms of human (h) Fc gamma RII are currently recognized. We set up experiments to evaluate the significance of different hFc gamma RII (CD32) isoforms in the uptake of IgG-coated particles. Therefore, a panel of stable hFc gamma RII-transfected fibroblasts was constructed to study phagocytosis. It was observed that over 40% of 3T6 fibroblasts transfected with hFc gamma RIIa cDNA phagocytose human erythrocytes (E) coated with mouse (m) IgG1 or mIgG2a (EA). This was in contrast to cells expressing a tail-minus variant of Fc gamma RII (hFc gamma RIItail-). Fibroblasts transfected with hFc gamma RIIb1 cDNA infrequently internalized EA. There was no difference in EA binding by these transfectants; all three clones formed more than 80% EA-rosettes. Uptake of particles was dependent on the degree of E sensitization, and was inhibitable by CD32 monoclonal antibody AT10. Preincubation of cells with cytochalasin D blocked internalization completely, with no effect on binding. This shows that phagocytosis underlies the observed E internalization. Immunofluorescence studies using an anticathepsin D antiserum showed the maturation of phagosomes, containing antibody-coated E, into lysosomes. In conclusion, our studies show, for the first time, that fibroblasts possess the basic machinery for ingestion of erythrocytes, and are capable of phagocytosis only when equipped with an appropriate receptor. hFc gamma RIIa and, to a lesser extent hFc gamma RIIb1, are suited for this task, which seems dictated by the cytoplasmic domain.
ski can cause selective growth of skeletal muscle in transgenic mice. (1990)

We have created several lines of mice that contain a truncated chicken c-ski cDNA linked to an MSV LTR promoter. Adult mice from three independent lines show large increases in skeletal muscle. All three lines of mice express high levels of c-ski mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle. All other tissues examined show little or no expression of the c-ski transgene. The muscles of one of the three lines were examined in more detail. Type II fast fibers undergo selective hypertrophy in affected muscles of this line.
Improving biosensor analysis (1999)

The quality of optical biosensor data must be improved in order to characterize the mechanism and rate constants associated with molecular interactions. Many of the artifacts associated with binding data can be minimized or eliminated by designing the experiment properly, collecting data under optimum conditions and processing the data with reference surfaces. It is possible to globally fit high-quality biosensor data with simple bimolecular reaction models, which validates the technology as a biophysical tool for interaction analysis.
Novel Biological Response Modifiers:  Phthalimides with Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production-Regulating Activity (1997)

Novel N-substituted phthalimides (2-substituted 1H-isoindole-1,3-diones) were prepared, and their effects on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by human leukemia cell line HL-60 stimulated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) or okadaic acid (OA) were examined. A structure-activity relationship study of the N-phenylphthalimides and N-benzylphthalimides revealed that their enhancing effect on TPA-induced TNF-alpha production by HL-60 cells and their inhibiting effect on OA-induced TNF-alpha production by HL-60 cells are only partially correlated.
Structure and Function of Apolipoproteins (1992)

Human Plasma Apolipoproteins in Biology and Medicine (Henry J. Pownall and Antonio M. Gotto, Jr.). Apolipoprotein Gene Expression, Structure, and Evolution (Lawrence Chan and Wen-Hsiung Li). Structure and Function of Apolipoprotein B (Chao-Yuh Yang and Henry J. Pownall). Mutations in ApolipoproteinsGenes and HDL Metabolism (Gerd Assmann, Arnold von Eckardstein, and Harald Funke). Detection and Physiological Relevance of Mutations in the Apoprotein E, CII, and B Genes (Philippa Talmud). Analysis of the Primary and of the Secondary Structure of the Apolipoproteins (Maryvonne Rosseneu, Berlinda Vanloo, Laurence Lins, Jean-Marie Ruysschaert, and Robert Brasseur). Interactions of Apolipoproteins at Interfaces (Michael C. Phillips). Lipid-Binding Properties of Apolipoproteins (Ana Jonas). Mode of Assembly of Apolipoproteins with Lipids. Structural Determinants of the Complexes (Laurence Lins, Maryvonne Rosseneu, Jean-Marie Ruysschaert, and Robert Brasseur). Apolipoproteins as Ligands for Lipoprotein Receptors (Ulrike Beisiegel). Lipolytic Enzymes and the Role of Apolipoproteins in the Regulation of their Activity (Peter J. Dolphin). Immunological Studies of Apolipoprotein Structure and Function (Yves Marcel, Eric Rassart, Louise Brissette and Ross W. Milne). Lipid Transfer Activities and Apolipoproteins (Kerry-Anne Rye and Philip J. Barter).
Software Representation for Heterogeneous Location Data Sources Using Probability Density Functions (2001)

Exploring the prognostic classification and biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma (HNSC) is of great clinical significance. We hybridized three prominent strategies to comprehensively characterize the molecular features of HNSC. We constructed a 15-gene signature to predict patients' death risk with an average AUC of 0.744 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year on TCGA-HNSC training set, and average AUCs of 0.636, 0.584, 0.755 in GSE65858, GSE-112026, CPTAC-HNSCC datasets, respectively. By combined with NMF clustering and consensus clustering of fraction of tumor immune cell infiltration (ICI) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), we captured a more refined biological characteristics of HNSC, and observed a prognosis heterogeneity in high tumor immunity patients. By matching tumor subset-specific expression signatures to drug-induced cell line expression profiles from large-scale pharmacogenomic databases in the OCTAD workspace, we identified a group of HNSC patients featured with poor prognosis and demonstrated that the individuals in this group are likely to receive increased drug sensitivity to reverse differentially expressed disease signature genes. This trend is especially highlighted among those with higher death risk and tumour immunity.