gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A mutation in the second nucleotide binding fold of the cystic fibrosis gene. (1991)

The discovery last year of the deletion of a phenylalanine residue at amino acid position 508 of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene has meant that approximately 70% of mutant chromosomes associated with CF can be accounted for. We report the finding of a substitution at nucleotide position 4041 of the CF gene, resulting in a change from asparagine to lysine at amino acid position 1303. We believe that this is a disease-causing mutation, as it involves a nonconservative amino acid change and has only been found on CF chromosomes with a consistent haplotype background. The mutation was detected using direct sequencing of PCR-amplified genomic DNA and was confirmed by dot hybridization to both normal and mutant allele-specific oligonucleotides. The mutation was detected on three chromosomes from four individuals but not on any normal chromosome. Its presence in the heterozygous state is not correlated with the clinical status of the individual patients.
Endopeptidase from rat liver membranes, which generates miniglucagon from glucagon. (1993)

An endopeptidase activity that cleaves glucagon, producing miniglucagon or glucagon (19-29), a Ca2+ pump inhibitory peptide, was isolated from rat liver membranes. The purified enzyme has a molecular mass of approximately 100 kDa and a pH optimum of approximately 8. It is inhibited by both sulfhydryl-blocking reagents and metal-chelating reagents and activated by thiol compounds. The partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 100-kDa protein does not correspond to any known protein. An antiserum was raised against a synthetic octapeptide corresponding to the N-terminal sequence. Immunoblot analysis of crude liver membranes revealed a single band at 100 kDa. Immunoreactivity was found in liver, pancreas, and heart, which are glucagon and miniglucagon target tissues, and in gastric mucosa and kidney. Low levels were detected in spleen, whereas immunoreactivity was undetectable in skeletal muscle and intestinal mucosa. The endopeptidase activity was inhibited by insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide, whereas other peptides that contain dibasic sites had no effect on its activity, indicating that the endopeptidase does not display strict selectivity toward basic doublets.
Use of animal testing for evaluating glycoconjugate vaccine immunogenicity. (1999)

Most animal species respond with high antibody levels to polysaccharide antigens after they have been covalently linked to a protein carrier, converting a T-cell independent to a T-cell dependent antigen. This chemical modification has enabled the development of glycoconjugate vaccines for Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, and multivalent Streptococcus pneumoniae. This new generation of vaccines can be well characterized physically and chemically to ensure consistent vaccine manufacture. Such analytical tests provide an alternative to animal models for Quality Control Laboratories; biological models can be difficult and costly to develop and use on a routine basis. If animal tests are used, they need to be refined, defined, and validated for their intended purpose.
Profile of the California furniture industry: structure, product types, and wood use. (1995)

Msalais is produced from local grape juice in southern Xinjiang (China), by concentration and natural fermentation. In the current study, we combined partial least-square regression analysis based on sensory quantitative descriptive and odor active values (OAVs), aroma extract dilution analysis, and aroma recombination and omission tests to delineate the unique aromatic characteristics of traditional Msalais. Msalais has strong dried fruit, fruit jam, and fruity odors, intermediate-strength caramel and baked odors, and weak floral and herbaceous odors, attributed to 24 key aromatic compounds with OAV ≥1 or flavor dilution ≥4. Furaneol, methionol, and 5-methylfurfural greatly contribute to the dried fruit, fruit jam, and caramel odors, respectively. β-Phenylethyl alcohol mostly contributes to fruit jam odor. β -Damascenone has a complicated effect on dried fruit, fruit jam, and floral odors. Fruity esters contribute to fruity odor. Floral odor is attributed to terpenes. These findings allow precise improvement of the variable quality of traditional Msalais.
Circulating Tumor DNA Measurements As Early Outcome Predictors in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2018)

Pretreatment ctDNA levels and molecular responses are independently prognostic of outcomes in aggressive lymphomas. These risk factors could potentially guide future personalized risk-directed approaches.
Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide (1999)

A recent report that 93 per cent of invasive cervical cancers worldwide contain human papillomavirus (HPV) may be an underestimate, due to sample inadequacy or integration events affecting the HPV L1 gene, which is the target of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test which was used. The formerly HPV-negative cases from this study have therefore been reanalyzed for HPV serum antibodies and HPV DNA. Serology for HPV 16 VLPs, E6, and E7 antibodies was performed on 49 of the 66 cases which were HPV-negative and a sample of 48 of the 866 cases which were HPV-positive in the original study. Moreover, 55 of the 66 formerly HPV-negative biopsies were also reanalyzed by a sandwich procedure in which the outer sections in a series of sections are used for histological review, while the inner sections are assayed by three different HPV PCR assays targeting different open reading frames (ORFs). No significant difference was found in serology for HPV 16 proteins between the cases that were originally HPV PCR-negative and -positive. Type-specific E7 PCR for 14 high-risk HPV types detected HPV DNA in 38 (69 per cent) of the 55 originally HPV-negative and amplifiable specimens. The HPV types detected were 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 45, 52, and 58. Two (4 per cent) additional cases were only HPV DNA-positive by E1 and/or L1 consensus PCR. Histological analysis of the 55 specimens revealed that 21 were qualitatively inadequate. Only two of the 34 adequate samples were HPV-negative on all PCR tests, as against 13 of the 21 that were inadequate ( p< 0.001). Combining the data from this and the previous study and excluding inadequate specimens, the worldwide HPV prevalence in cervical carcinomas is 99.7 per cent. The presence of HPV in virtually all cervical cancers implies the highest worldwide attributable fraction so far reported for a specific cause of any major human cancer. The extreme rarity of HPV-negative cancers reinforces the rationale for HPV testing in addition to, or even instead of, cervical cytology in routine cervical screening.
Phase II Study of Sphingosomal Vincristine in CHOP+/ − Rituximab for Patients with Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL): Promising 3 Year Follow-Up Results in Elderly Patients. (2005)

Abstract Background: Individuals older than 60 years have a worse prognosis than younger patients with aggressive NHL. Vincristine is an active drug in the treatment of malignant lymphomas. Sphingosomal vincristine (SV) was well tolerated with 45% ORR in patients with multiple relapses of aggressive NHL (ASH abst. 412, 1999). Based on these data, a phase II study of CHOP with rituximab (no rituximab for T-cell histology), and substituting SV for free vincristine, was undertaken in patients with previously untreated aggressive NHL. Methods: Aggressive NHL histologies eligible for study were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLCL), peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), follicular lymphoma grade 3 (FL gr3), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and indolent lymphomas with aggressive transformation (TL). Patients were treated with standard dose CHOP that included SV 2.0 mg/m2 without dose capping, ± rituximab 375 mg/m2, given every 21 days for 6 to 8 courses (ASH abst. 338, 2002). Results: Of 73 patients enrolled on study, 68 were evaluable for response. Median age was 61 (range 22–80), 36 patients (53%) were &amp;gt;60 years old. Overall, 24 patients (23 elderly) had an IPI score ≥3. Patients received a median of 6 study treatments (range 1–8). Diagnoses were: DLCL = 56; FL gr 3 = 4; PTCL = 4; ALCL = 2 and TL = 2. ORR was 92.6% (63/68 pts) with 55 pts achieving CR (80.1%), 7 CRu (10.3%), and 1 PR (1.5%); 3 patients had PD (4.4%) and 2 were not assessed for response (2.9%). ORR was similar in both elderly (&amp;gt;60) and younger pts (≤60): 91.9% and 93.5% respectively. Neuropathy was generally mild (Gr.1–2). Hematological toxicities were as follows: 56% Gr.3–4 neutropenia, 6% Gr.3 anemia, and 13% Gr.3–4 thrombocytopenia. Toxicites were comparable in elderly and younger patients. The median follow up for the study is 39.6 months (mos), and overall survival 94%. There have been 9 relapses (5 DLCL, 3 T-cell, 1 FL gr3, 1 transformed) for elderly patients and 5 relapses (4 DLCL, 1 T-cell) for patients ≤60. The table below shows progression free survival (PFS) at 3 years, for all histologies, and DLCL by age. There is no difference between the age groups. Conclusions: This regimen, with sphingosomal vincristine in CHOP +/− Rituximab, has a high overall response rate. It is a well-tolerated therapy with mild neurotoxicity for all patients. At 3 years, the PFS in elderly patients with DLCL treated with RCHOP is comparable to that of younger patients, despite a larger fraction of high risk IPI in the older patients. This regimen merits randomized comparison to RCHOP in DLCL. Age (Yrs) All Histologies (n=68) DLCL (n=56) ≤60 84%, CI [66–93] 85%, CI [66–94] &amp;gt;60 83%, CI [66–92] 86%, CI [66–94]
Short-Circuiting the Molecular Wire:  Cooperative Binding of Δ-[Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ and Δ-[Rh(phi)2bipy]3+ to DNA (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTShort-Circuiting the Molecular Wire: Cooperative Binding of Δ-[Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ and Δ-[Rh(phi)2bipy]3+ to DNAPer Lincoln, Eimer Tuite, and Bengt NordénView Author Information Department of Physical Chemistry Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 6, 1454–1455Publication Date (Web):February 12, 1997Publication History Received11 September 1996Published online12 February 1997Published inissue 1 February 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9631965https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9631965rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views689Altmetric-Citations248LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Charge transfer,Cooperativity,Genetics,Luminescence,Quenching Get e-Alerts
Plant Virology Protocols (2008)

Michael Wilson who have consistently inspired him to the tiny but extremely exciting world of plant viruses.
miRNA Therapeutics: A New Class of Drugs with Potential Therapeutic Applications in the Heart (2015)

miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which regulate gene expression. Here, the authors describe the contribution of miRNAs to cardiac biology and disease. They discuss various strategies for manipulating miRNA activity including antisense oligonucleotides (antimiRs, blockmiRs), mimics, miRNA sponges, Tough Decoys and miRNA mowers. They review developments in chemistries (e.g., locked nucleic acid) and modifications (sugar, 'ZEN', peptide nucleic acids) and miRNA delivery tools (viral vectors, liposomes, nanoparticles, pHLIP). They summarize potential miRNA therapeutic targets for heart disease based on preclinical studies. Finally, the authors review current progress of miRNA therapeutics in clinical development for HCV and cancer, and discuss challenges that will need to be overcome for similar therapies to enter the clinic for patients with cardiac disease.
Aerosolized Gamma Interferon (IFN-γ) Induces Expression of the Genes Encoding the IFN-γ-Inducible 10-Kilodalton Protein but Not Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Lung during Tuberculosis (2004)

Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is critical in the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In an ongoing trial of aerosol IFN-gamma in conjunction with standard drug therapy, we have observed activation of IFN signaling in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from tuberculosis (TB) patients. We hypothesized that aerosol IFN-gamma treatment of pulmonary TB would increase expression of genes important for the control of TB. We investigated the expression of downstream genes by measuring inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the chemokine IFN-inducible 10-kDa protein (IP-10) by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. In vitro, M. tuberculosis induced IP-10, and IFN-gamma stimulated this further, with no effect on iNOS expression. We studied 21 patients with pulmonary TB and 7 healthy subjects. Similar to the in vitro model, IP-10 mRNA was increased in BAL cells from TB patients and was augmented after treatment with aerosolized IFN-gamma. TB was also associated with elevated iNOS mRNA, but aerosolized IFN-gamma did not further enhance expression. Genomic analysis identified 1,300 of 4,058 genes expressed in BAL cells from six TB patients before and after 1 month of therapy, including aerosolized IFN-gamma. However, only 15 genes were differentially regulated by IFN-gamma. We conclude that iNOS and IP-10 mRNA expression is increased in TB but that aerosol IFN-gamma treatment increases expression of few genes in the human lung.
Germ‐line transformation of pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) mediated by the piggyBac transposable element (2000)

The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, is a world-wide pest of cultivated cotton. In certain growing regions populations are suppressed by a sterile release strategy. Efforts to improve the sterile insect technique as well as our understanding of lepidopteran biology could benefit greatly from a germ-line transformation system. We report transformation of pink bollworm with a piggyBac transposable element carrying the enhanced green flourescent protein (EGFP) marker gene. This vector-marker system resulted in recovery of transgenics at a rate of approximately 3.5%. Integration of the transforming construct that was typical of piggyBac was demonstrated by Southern analysis and sequence determination of transposon flanks. Expression of the EGFP marker was visualized by fluorescent microscopy and Western Blot analysis. Maintenance of transformed strains indicates that the transgene segregates in a Mendelian fashion and has been stable over fourteen generations to date.
Genomic Organization of the Structural Proteins of Borna Disease Virus Revealed by a cDNA Clone Encoding the 38-kDa Protein (1993)

Borna disease is a rare neurological disease of sheep and horses. The etiological agent, borna disease virus (BDV), has been shown to be an RNA virus but has not been characterized sufficiently to assign it to a virus family. Previous studies have shown that three BDV-specific proteins of 14, 24 and 38 to 39 kDa are found in infected animals and cell culture (Ludwig et al., 1988, Prog. Med. Virol. 35, 107-151). cDNA clones have been isolated that encode the 14- and 24-kDa proteins; using the nucleotide sequences from these clones additional cDNAs were isolated that contained a large open reading frame (ORF) corresponding to the 38-kDa protein. Monoclonal antibodies against the BDV 38- to 39-kDa protein recognized the protein product of the large ORF. The relative gene order of the three BDV proteins (5' 38, 14, and 24 kDa 3') can be deduced from cDNAs which include portions of both the 24- and 38-kDa ORFs. The abundance of these proteins in BDV-infected animals and cultured cells suggests that these proteins are structural components of the virus. Previously all BDV-specific mRNAs (10.5, 3.6, 2.1, and 0.85 kb) were thought to be organized as overlapping 3' coterminal RNAs. Oligonucleotide probes made to the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA that encodes the 38-kDa protein identified an additional BDV-specific mRNA of 1.4 kb. This 1.4-kb mRNA species partially overlaps with the 2.1-kb RNA but is not 3' coterminal.
Oversized Biodegradable Arterial Grafts Promote Enhanced Neointimal Tissue Formation (2018)

Most tissue-engineered arterial grafts are complicated by aneurysmal dilation secondary to insufficient neotissue formation after scaffold degradation. The optimal graft would form an organized multilayered structure with a robust extracellular matrix that could withstand arterial pressure. The purpose of the current study was to determine how oversizing a biodegradable arterial scaffold affects long-term neotissue formation. Size-matched (1.0 mm, n = 11) and oversized (1.6 mm, n = 9) electrospun polycaprolactone/chitosan scaffolds were implanted as abdominal aortic interposition grafts in Lewis rats. The mean lumen diameter of the 1.6 mm grafts was initially greater compared with the native vessel, but matched the native aorta by 6 months. In contrast, the 1.0 mm grafts experienced stenosis at 6 and 9 months. Total neotissue area and calponin-positive neotissue area were significantly greater in the 1.6 mm grafts by 6 months and similar to the native aorta. Late-term biomechanical testing was dominated by remaining polymer, but graft oversizing did not adversely affect the biomechanics of the adjacent vessel. Oversizing tissue-engineered arterial grafts may represent a strategy to increase the formation of organized neotissue without thrombosis or adverse remodeling of the adjacent native vessel by harnessing a previously undescribed process of adaptive vascular remodeling.
Concurrent Validity of a New Instrument for Measuring Nutritive Sucking in Preterm Infants (1992)

The purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of the Whitney strain gage for the measurement of nutritive sucking in preterm infants. Ten preterm infants were studied continuously during at least one entire bottle feeding per week, from admission into the study until discharge from the nursery. Sucking was measured simultaneously by an adapted nipple and the Whitney gage. The two instruments were compared on the following measures: number of sucking bursts, number of sucks per burst, and duration of bursts and pauses between bursts. Total percent agreement for the occurrence of a sucking burst was 99.3% (K = .99). Sucks per burst varied from 2 to 113, with 89.3% of the pairs of sucking bursts differing by < or = 1 suck per burst. The mean absolute difference between the two instruments for the duration of sucking bursts and pauses was .64 s and .72 s, respectively. These results demonstrate the concurrent validity of the Whitney gage for measurement of sucking events in preterm infants.
Bridging the Gap between Polyfluorene and Ladder-Poly-p-phenylene:  Synthesis and Characterization of Poly-2,8-indenofluorene (2000)

We present here a new derivative of poly-p-phenylene (PPP), the poly-2,8-indenofluorene (8a,b), to bridge the gap between 2,7-poly-9,9‘-dialkylfluorene (PF) (2) and ladder-poly-p-phenylene (LPPP) (4). The monomer 7a,b was synthesized starting from 6,12-dihydroindeno[1,2b]fluorene (5), which was four times alkylated, brominated with copper(II) bromide on an aluminum oxide matrix, and polymerized via a Ni(0)-mediated coupling reaction (Mn ∼ (3.3−3.9) × 104 (tuluene, polystyrene standards)). As expected, the wavelength data for absorption and emission are intermediate to those of PF and LPPP and prove the suitability of the polymer to be used as blue-light-emitting material in polymer light-emitting diodes. The polymer 8a,b is stable up to 380 °C and shows thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior at high temperatures (250−300 °C). Oligomers of the 6,6‘,12,12‘-tetraoctylindenofluorene (6a) have been synthesized by Ni(0)-induced coupling of monobromo and dibromo (7a) compounds, to determine the effective conjugation length (n∞,abs = 6−7, n∞,em = 5−6).
Multicenter clinical evaluation of a continuous monitoring blood culture system using fluorescent-sensor technology (BACTEC 9240) (1993)

The BACTEC 9240 (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument Systems, Sparks, Md.) is a new continuous-monitoring blood culture system that uses internal, fluorescent-CO2 sensors. In a multicenter clinical trial, organism yield and times to detection with the prototype BACTEC 9240 system were compared with those of the BACTEC NR 660 system. Equal volumes of blood were inoculated into the bottles included in the study blood culture sets (aerobic and anaerobic 9240 and NR6A and NR7A bottles). A total of 9,391 aerobic and 8,951 anaerobic bottle pairs were inoculated with 9,801 blood specimens. A total of 587 clinically significant positive blood cultures and 415 cases of sepsis were studied. The standard 9240 aerobic bottle detected significantly more Staphylococcus aureus (P < 0.05), coagulase-negative staphylococci (P < 0.01), and total microorganisms (P < 0.001) than the NR6A bottle. The standard 9240 anaerobic bottle detected significantly more coagulase-negative staphylococci (P < 0.001), members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.01), and total microorganisms (P < 0.001) than the NR7A bottle. A total of 420 positive cultures were detected in both systems; for 284, the time to detection was equivalent with both systems (within 12 h); for 123, the 9240 system was faster; and for 13, the NR 660 system was faster (P < 0.001). The average times to detection for the 9240 and the NR 660 systems were 20.2 and 27.5 h, respectively. Ninety-nine cultures were positive only in the 9240 system, and 68 cultures were positive only in the NR 660 system (P < 0.02). The 9240 system also detected significantly more episodes of bacteremia (P < 0.001). The false-positive rates for the 9240 and NR 660 systems were 2.2 and 2.3%, respectively. The false-negative rates for the two systems after 5 days of incubation did not differ significantly. The contamination rates for the 9240 and NR 660 systems were 1.9 and 1.5%, respectively (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the prototype 9240 system detected more clinically significant positive blood cultures and did so sooner than the NR 660 system, with the additional advantages of full automation, continuous monitoring, and noninvasive sampling.