gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiviral activity of some natural and synthetic sugar analogues (1991)

A number of natural and synthetic sugar analogues have been tested for their antiviral activity, using an influenza virus strain as a model. Hemagglutinating titres (HA) and cytopathic effect (CPE) were surveyed to estimate the virus production. It was found that introduction of the benzyl group into these sugars generally causes them to become antivirally active. Substitution with methyl, acetyl, uridyl and thiocyanyl groups or derivatization with azido, isopropylidene and benzylidene groups were without effect. All sugars containing the 2-deoxy-2-acetamido group were inactive.
A New Combined Purification/Phosphorylation Procedure for Oligodeoxynucleotides (1990)

Abstract We describe a new principle for the purification of oligodeoxynucleotides using a purification handle which leads to a covalent linkage of the desired DNA sequence to a solid matrix. Truncated sequences are removed by washing steps. The release of the pure target sequence is performed in such a way that it is obtained directly in its 5′‐phosphorylated form which represents a further advantage. In addition, the system can be used for 5′‐thiol modifications of synthetic DNA.
One-step single-chain Fv recombinant antibody-based purification of gp96 for vaccine development. (2000)

Heat shock proteins such as gp96 (grp94) isolated from tumor or infected cells are able to induce specific cytotoxic T-cell responses and protective immunity. To facilitate rapid and efficient isolation, we generated gp96-specific recombinant single-chain Fv (scFv) antibodies from a semisynthetic phage display library. When immobilized on Sepharose beads, these antibodies allow a high-yield, one-step purification of native gp96 molecules from both mouse and human tumor cell lysates. gp96 molecules eluted from these affinity columns under mild conditions are still capable of generating antigen-specific CTL responses in mice. Thus, scFv-purified gp96 is still associated with peptides; however, in contrast to conventionally purified gp96, scFv-isolated gp96 is free of contaminating material such as mitogenic concanavalin A and proteolytic cathepsins. With the help of these high-yield antibody columns, it is now possible to rapidly isolate immunogenic gp96-peptide complexes from small amounts of tumor material to a purity that allows their use in cancer immunotherapy protocols.
Kieselguhrs - Suitability as Carriers in Catalysts (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKieselguhrs - Suitability as Carriers in CatalystsR. B. Anderson, J. T. McCartney, W. K. Hall, and L. J. E. HoferCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 12, 1618–1628Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50456a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50456a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Pomalidomide (POM) with or without low-dose dexamethasone (LoDEX) in patients (Pts) with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): MM-002 phase II age subgroup analysis. (2013)

8532 Background: POM demonstrated clinical efficacy and favorable tolerability in RRMM pts previously treated with lenalidomide (LEN) and bortezomib (BORT), in the randomized, multicenter, open label MM-002 phase II trial. This analysis evaluated whether the efficacy and tolerability of POM+LoDEX treatment is consistent across age subgroups. Methods: Pts with RRMM who had received ≥ 2 prior therapies, including LEN and BORT, and were refractory to their last regimen were randomized to either POM+LoDEX (POM 4 mg/day, days 1–21 of a 28-day cycle; LoDEX 40 mg/week) or POM alone. End points included progression-free survival (PFS), response rate (based on EBMT criteria), response duration, and safety. A post-hoc analysis based on age (≤ 65 vs. &gt; 65 yrs) was conducted. Results: A total of 221 pts with a mean age of 64 yrs (range 34–88) were randomized to POM+LoDEX (n = 113) or POM (n = 108). The efficacy outcomes and the most common treatment emergent grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) for the age subgroups according to treatment arm are presented in the Table. Conclusions: Regardless of age (≤ 65 vs. &gt; 65 yrs), POM with or without LoDEX was effective and generally well tolerated in heavily pretreated RRMM pts who had already received LEN and BORT. POM with or without LoDEX represents a new clinical option for pts previously treated with numerous lines of therapy. Updated data will be presented at the meeting. Clinical trial information: NCT00833833. [Table: see text]
Neuropeptide Y and its antagonists (1992)

Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization [MMP] constitutes an essential step of the intrinsic pathway leading to apoptosis. Several oncoproteins, tumor suppressor gene products, viral virulence factors and pharmacological agents modulate apoptosis via direct effects on mitochondria. This has far-reaching implications for the pathophysiology of several major diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and AIDS. The detailed investigation of the mechanisms of MMP will hopefully lead to the discovery of suitable drug targets for therapeutic intervention on cell death control.
Knowledge as a Teacher: Knowledge-Guided Structural Attention Networks (2016)

Natural language understanding (NLU) is a core component of a spoken dialogue system. Recently recurrent neural networks (RNN) obtained strong results on NLU due to their superior ability of preserving sequential information over time. Traditionally, the NLU module tags semantic slots for utterances considering their flat structures, as the underlying RNN structure is a linear chain. However, natural language exhibits linguistic properties that provide rich, structured information for better understanding. This paper introduces a novel model, knowledge-guided structural attention networks (K-SAN), a generalization of RNN to additionally incorporate non-flat network topologies guided by prior knowledge. There are two characteristics: 1) important substructures can be captured from small training data, allowing the model to generalize to previously unseen test data; 2) the model automatically figures out the salient substructures that are essential to predict the semantic tags of the given sentences, so that the understanding performance can be improved. The experiments on the benchmark Air Travel Information System (ATIS) data show that the proposed K-SAN architecture can effectively extract salient knowledge from substructures with an attention mechanism, and outperform the performance of the state-of-the-art neural network based frameworks.
Intron-exon structure of the human transforming growth factor-β precursor gene (1987)

Journal Article Intron-exon structure of the human transforming growth factor-β precursor gene Get access Rik Derynck, Rik Derynck * Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., 460 Point San Bruno BoulevardSouth San Francisco, CA 94080, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lucy Rhee, Lucy Rhee Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., 460 Point San Bruno BoulevardSouth San Francisco, CA 94080, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ellson Y. Chen, Ellson Y. Chen Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., 460 Point San Bruno BoulevardSouth San Francisco, CA 94080, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ann Van Tilburg Ann Van Tilburg Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., 460 Point San Bruno BoulevardSouth San Francisco, CA 94080, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 15, Issue 7, 10 April 1987, Page 3188, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/15.7.3188 Published: 10 April 1987 Article history Received: 07 January 1987 Published: 10 April 1987
Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus expression in chronically infected monocytic cells by glutathione, glutathione ester, and N-acetylcysteine. (1991)

The effects of glutathione (GSH), glutathione ester (GSE), and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on the induction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) expression were investigated in the chronically infected monocytic U1 cell line, a previously described cellular model for HIV latency. U1 cells constitutively express low levels of virus, which can be increased by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and other inducers. GSH, GSE, and NAC suppressed in a dose-dependent fashion the induction of HIV expression mediated by PMA, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, in the absence of cytotoxic or cytostatic effects. Reverse transcriptase activity, inducible by PMA, TNF-alpha, or IL-6, was decreased by 80-90% after pretreatment with GSH, GSE, or NAC. The induction of total HIV protein synthesis was also decreased appreciably after pretreatment with GSH, GSE, or NAC. The accumulation of HIV mRNA was substantially suppressed after pretreatment with NAC but to a lesser extent after pretreatment with GSH or GSE. Although PMA induces the expression of TNF-alpha in U1 cells, the suppressive effect of GSH, GSE, and NAC on PMA-induced HIV expression in U1 cells was not associated with the inhibition of TNF-alpha expression. The present findings, which elucidate relationships between cellular GSH and HIV expression, suggest that therapy with thiols may be of value in the treatment of HIV infection.
Mechanisms Involved in the Regulation of Free Fatty Acid Release from Isolated Human Fat Cells by Acylation-stimulating Protein and Insulin (1999)

The effects of acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) and insulin on free fatty acid (FFA) release from isolated human fat cells and the signal transduction pathways to induce these effects were studied. ASP and insulin inhibited basal and norepinephrine-induced FFA release by stimulating fractional FFA re-esterification (both to the same extent) and by inhibiting FFA produced during lipolysis (ASP to a lesser extent than insulin). Protein kinase C inhibition influenced none of the effects of ASP or insulin. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition counteracted the effects of insulin but not of ASP. Phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) activity was stimulated by ASP and insulin, whereas PDE4 activity was slightly increased by ASP only. Selective PDE3 inhibition reversed the effects of both ASP and insulin on fractional FFA re-esterification and lipolysis. Selective PDE4 inhibition slightly counteracted the ASP but not the effect of insulin on fractional FFA re-esterification and did not prevent the action of ASP or insulin on lipolysis. Thus, ASP and insulin play a major role in regulating FFA release from fat cells as follows: insulin by stimulating fractional FFA re-esterification and inhibiting lipolysis and ASP mainly by stimulating fractional FFA re-esterification. For both ASP and insulin these effects on FFA release are mediated by PDE3, and for ASP PDE4 might also be involved. The signaling pathway preceding PDE is not known for ASP but involves phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase for insulin.
Level of anti-mouse-antibody response induced by bi-specific monoclonal antibody OC/TR in ovarian-carcinoma patients is associated with longer survival (1999)

More than 60% of cancer patients injected with intact murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) develop a humoral response against the antigen even after a single dose. Analysis of a series of 35 ovarian-cancer patients entered in phase-I and -II clinical studies of T-cells retargeted with the bi-specific F(ab')2 OC/TR revealed: (i) a detectable human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) response in 31/35 (88%) patients, with high HAMA levels (> or = 150 ng/ml) in 18/31 (58%) cases by the end of the treatment; (ii) no correlation between HAMA levels and the form of delivery of the mAb (OC/TR bound to T cells or bound plus soluble), time schedule or cumulative dose; (iii) an association between high HAMA levels and favorable clinical parameters and response to immunotherapy; and (iv) a significantly longer median survival probability in patients with high HAMA levels than in patients with lower HAMA levels, even when the sub-group of non-responder patients was considered. Evaluation of the anti-idiotypic response in HAMA-positive sera indicated that 11/17 sera showed high-titer (>6000) binding of OC/TR, as evaluated by a specific radioimmunoassay, and 15/18 and 16/16 sera specifically inhibited the binding of the MOv18 and anti-CD3 parental MAbs to ovarian-carcinoma cells and T lymphocytes respectively. Of 7 patients evaluated for duration of the HAMA response, 5 showed stable or even increased HAMA levels. The long-lasting HAMA response maintained an anti-idiotypic component, directed mainly against the alphaCD3 idiotype of bi-MAb OC/TR in 2 out of 3 cases tested.
Evaluation of a Porcine Circovirus Type 2–Specific Antigen-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Diagnosis of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in Pigs: Comparison with Virus Isolation, Immunohistochemistry, and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (2002)

Quantitative virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and a porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)-specific antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for differentiation between clinical and subclinical PCV2 infections of swine. Tissue samples from pigs experimentally infected with PCV2 and field cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and PCV2-associated reproductive disorders were used in this evaluation. In initial studies on 6 PCV2 pools using 3 previously published PCR protocols for PCV2 detection, quantitative virus isolation, and antigen-capture ELISA, substantial differences in sensitivity were identified among these procedures. Examination of tissue samples from diseased and clinically normal pigs indicated that immunohistochemistry, quantitative virus isolation, and antigen-capture ELISA could be used to differentiate between clinical and subclinical PCV2 infections, but the PCR assay could not. Because subclinical infections of pigs with PCV2 are common, the use of nonquantitative PCR as a diagnostic tool for PCV2-related diseases should be discouraged and the PCV2-specific antigen-capture ELISA evaluated further.
A NEW SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA NEW SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDESR. B. Woodward, R. A. Olofson, and Hans MayerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 4, 1010–1012Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01465a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01465a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views570Altmetric-Citations162LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anatomy of a P2P Content Distribution system with Network Coding. (2006)

In this paper we present our experiences with a P2P content distribution system that uses Network Coding. Using results from live trials, we are able to present a detailed performance analysis of such P2P system from a variety of novel perspectives. We show that Network Coding incurs little overhead, both in terms of CPU processing and I/O activity, and it results in smooth and fast downloads. To ensure secure transfers, we describe a novel scheme that verifies encoded blocks on-the-fly and analyze its performance. We also study the effect of peers behind NATs and firewalls and show the robustness of the system to large number of unreachable peers.
New Soluble-Formazan Assay for HIV-1 Cytopathic Effects: Application to High-Flux Screening of Synthetic and Natural Products for AIDS-Antiviral Activity (1989)

Journal Article New Soluble-Formazan Assay for HIV-1 Cytopathic Effects: Application to High-Flux Screening of Synthetic and Natural Products for AIDS-Antiviral Activity Get access Owen S. Weislow, Owen S. Weislow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rebecca Kiser, Rebecca Kiser Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donald L. Fine, Donald L. Fine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John Bader, John Bader Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert H. Shoemaker, Robert H. Shoemaker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael R. Boyd Michael R. Boyd Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 8, 19 April 1989, Pages 577–586, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.8.577 Published: 19 April 1989 Article history Received: 12 January 1989 Accepted: 23 January 1989 Published: 19 April 1989
THE MOLECULAR GENETICS OF CELLULAR ONCOGENES (1984)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
Chromosomal Speciation and Molecular Divergence--Accelerated Evolution in Rearranged Chromosomes (2003)

Humans and their closest evolutionary relatives, the chimpanzees, differ in approximately 1.24% of their genomic DNA sequences. The fraction of these changes accumulated during the speciation processes that have separated the two lineages may be of special relevance in understanding the basis of their differences. We analyzed human and chimpanzee sequence data to search for the patterns of divergence and polymorphism predicted by a theoretical model of speciation. According to the model, positively selected changes should accumulate in chromosomes that present fixed structural differences, such as inversions, between the two species. Protein evolution was more than 2.2 times faster in chromosomes that had undergone structural rearrangements compared with colinear chromosomes. Also, nucleotide variability is slightly lower in rearranged chromosomes. These patterns of divergence and polymorphism may be, at least in part, the molecular footprint of speciation events in the human and chimpanzee lineages.
Overreplication and recombination of DNA in higher eukaryotes: potential consequences and biological implications. (1986)

We propose that a fundamental problem in the faithful replication of complex chromosomes of higher eukaryotes is the proper control of both the number and timing of the multiple initiations of replication on single chromosomes. When replication patterns are disrupted by any of a variety of agents, overreplication of DNA can occur. We propose a model that accounts for the generation of a wide variety of chromosomal aberrations-rearrangements, resulting from the various ways in which the overreplicated strands can undergo recombination. We also discuss certain implications of the generation of chromosomal alterations in higher eukaryotes as they may relate to cancer chemotherapy, cancer progression, aging, and rapid speciation-evolution.
Preparation of Glycosyltriazenes (2000)

O-Unprotected glycosyltriazenes are prepared for the first time by coupling of 1-anthraquinone-1-diazonium hydrogensulfate with β-glycopyranosylamines to afford 1- (anthraquinone-1-yl)-3-( β-glycopyranosyl)triazenes 3a—h. Acetylation of compounds 3 furnished the O-acetates 4a—g. The stability of triazenes 3 results from fixation of the NH proton in an intramolecular hydrogen bond to one of the anthraquinone carbonyl oxgen atoms. Treatment of triazenes 4 with tert-butyl hypochlorite afforded acetoglycosyl chlorides 6 and 1-azidoanthraquinone 7. With acetic acid the triazene 4a formed tetra-O-acetyl-D-xylopyranose 9 together with 1- aminoanthraquinone 10.
A new partitioned approach to image-based visual servo control (2001)

In image-based visual servo control, where control is effected with respect to the image, there is no direct control over the Cartesian velocities of the robot end effector. As a result, the robot executes trajectories that are desirable in the image, but which can be indirect and seemingly contorted in Cartesian space. We introduce a partitioned approach to visual servo control that overcomes this problem. In particular, we decouple the x-axis rotational and translational components of the control from the remaining degrees of freedom. Then, to guarantee that all features remain in the image throughout the entire trajectory, we incorporate a potential function that repels feature points from the boundary of the image plane. We illustrate our control scheme with a variety of results.
5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), a novel antivascular agent: phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study (2003)

The purpose of this phase I, dose-escalation study was to determine the toxicity, maximum tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic end points of 5,6-dimethylxanthenone acetic acid (DMXAA). In all, 46 patients received a total of 247 infusions of DMXAA over 15 dose levels ranging from 6 to 4900 mg x m(-2). The maximum tolerated dose was established at 3700 mg x m(-2); dose-limiting toxicities in the form of urinary incontinence, visual disturbance, and anxiety were observed at the highest dose level (4900 mg x m(-2)). The pharmacokinetics of DMXAA were dose dependent. Peak concentrations and area under the curve level increased from 4.8 microM and 3.2 microM h, respectively, at 6 mg x m(-2) to 1290 microM and 7600 microM h at 3700 mg x m(-2), while clearance declined from 7.4 to 1.7 l h(-1) x m(-2) over the same dose range. The terminal half-life was 8.1+/-4.3 h. More than 99% of the drug was protein bound at doses up to 320 mg x m(-2); at higher doses the percent free drug increased to a maximum of 6.9% at 4900 mg x m(-2). Dose-dependent increases in the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were observed at dose levels of 650 mg x m(-2) and above. There was one unconfirmed partial response at 1300 mg x m(-2). In conclusion, DMXAA is a novel vascular targeting agent and is well tolerated.