gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Xe-filled capillary discharge extreme-ultraviolet radiation source for semiconductor lithography (2003)

An EUV radiation source development with discharge-produced plasma (DPP) has been started in Gotenba branch of EUVA Hiratsuka R&amp;D center. For the early stage of the development, fundamental characteristics of DPP including current, voltage, EUV energy and spectrum in EUV region were studied. A capillary of which the inner diameter was 2.3 mm, and Xe gas were used as a source to be expected in-band EUV radiation from magnetically-compressed Z-pinch plasma. An all-solid-state magnetic pulse compression generator was employed, which can deliver the current of 14 kA into the capillary load with the rise time of approximately 500 ns. In-band EUV energy and spectroscopic measurements were carried out. It was found that the in-band EUV energy increased with increasing the current amplitude and/or pressure of filled Xe gas. The highest in-band EUV energy obtained was 8 mJ per unit solid angle.
Production, purification and characterization of the catalytic domain of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger (1993)

The catalytic domain of glucoamylases G1 and G2 from Aspergillus niger is produced in vitro in high yield by limited proteolysis using either subtilisin Novo or subtilisin Carlsberg. Purification by affinity chromatography on an acarbose-Sepharose column followed by ion-exchange chromatography on HiLoad Q-Sepharose leads to separation of a number of structurally closely related forms of domain. The cleavage occurs primarily between Val-470 and Ala-471 as indicated by C-terminal sequencing, whereas the N-terminus is intact. Subtilisin Carlsberg, in addition, produces a type of domain which is hydrolysed before Ser-444, an O-glycosylated residue. This leaves the fragment Ser-444-Val-470 disulphide-bonded to the large N-terminal part of the catalytic domain. Subtilisin Novo, in contrast, tends to yield a minor fraction of forms extending approx. 30-40 amino-acid residues beyond Val-470. The thermostability is essentially the same for the single-chain catalytic domain and the original glucoamylases G1 and G2, whereas the catalytic domain cut between Ser-443 and Ser-444 is less thermostable. For both types of domain the kinetic parameters, Km and kcat., for hydrolysis of maltose are very close to the values found for glucoamylases G1 and G2.
The fibronectin-binding integrins α5β1 and αvβ3 differentially modulate RhoA–GTP loading, organization of cell matrix adhesions, and fibronectin fibrillogenesis (2002)

We have studied the formation of different types of cell matrix adhesions in cells that bind to fibronectin via either alpha5beta1 or alphavbeta3. In both cases, cell adhesion to fibronectin leads to a rapid decrease in RhoA activity. However, alpha5beta1 but not alphavbeta3 supports high levels of RhoA activity at later stages of cell spreading, which are associated with a translocation of focal contacts to peripheral cell protrusions, recruitment of tensin into fibrillar adhesions, and fibronectin fibrillogenesis. Expression of an activated mutant of RhoA stimulates alphavbeta3-mediated fibrillogenesis. Despite the fact that alpha5beta1-mediated adhesion to the central cell-binding domain of fibronectin supports activation of RhoA, other regions of fibronectin are required for the development of alpha5beta1-mediated but not alphavbeta3-mediated focal contacts. Using chimeras of beta1 and beta3 subunits, we find that the extracellular domain of beta1 controls RhoA activity. By expressing both beta1 and beta3 at high levels, we show that beta1-mediated control of the levels of beta3 is important for the distribution of focal contacts. Our findings demonstrate that the pattern of fibronectin receptors expressed on a cell dictates the ability of fibronectin to stimulate RhoA-mediated organization of cell matrix adhesions.
Establishment of a monoclonal antibody recognizing an antigenic site common to Clostridium botulinum type B, C1, D, and E toxins and tetanus toxin (1988)

The partial amino acid sequence of the light-chain (Lc) component of Clostridium botulinum type C1 toxin was determined. The sequence was quite similar to those of the other types of botulinum and tetanus toxins. Nine monoclonal antibodies against botulinum type E toxin were established by immunizing BALB/c mice with type E toxoid or its Lc component. Six antibodies reacted with the heavy-chain component and three reacted with the Lc component of the toxin. One of the latter three antibodies reacted with botulinum type B, C1, and D toxins and tetanus toxin, as well as botulinum type E toxin. This antibody recognized the Lc components of these toxins, indicating that there exists one common antigenic determinant on the Lc regions of these toxins.
Renal cell carcinoma (2008)

Renal cell carcinoma continues to evolve swiftly with the approval of new agents and the maturation of clinical trials to provide relevant structure to treatment decisions. This study will give an overview of the latest concepts in the epidemiology and biology of renal cell carcinoma and provide current surgical and systemic updates for managing renal cell carcinoma.
Species-restricted interactions between CD8 and the alpha 3 domain of class I influence the magnitude of the xenogeneic response. (1989)

As compared with the vigorous T cell response normally observed against allogeneic MHC molecules, T cells recognize xenogeneic MHC molecules poorly. To define structural features of the MHC molecule important for such species-specific recognition, HLA-A2(A2)-specific murine CTL were examined for their recognition of transfected cell lines expressing the class I molecules A2 or A2/H-2Kb(A2/Kb). A2/Kb is a chimeric molecule consisting of the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of A2 and the alpha 3, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic regions of Kb. The majority of CTL clones showed enhanced recognition of transfected cell lines expressing this chimeric molecule. Enhanced recognition was shown to correlate with sensitivity of the CTL clones to inhibition by anti-CD8 antibody. These results suggested that CD8 may interact with class I in a species-specific manner, and that suboptimal CD8 interaction with the alpha 3 domain of xenogeneic molecules may be an important contribution to poor xenoreactivity. This conclusion was supported by the capacity of A2/Kb, but not A2 human cell transfectants, to induce a primary in vitro CTL xenoresponse specific for A2.
Biological and Virologic Characteristics of Primary HIV Infection (1998)

The variability in viral RNA levels associated with acute HIV-1 infection is greater than previously appreciated. Within 120 days of acquisition, plasma HIV RNA levels rapidly decrease to an inflection point, after which they gradually increase. Virus-host interactions soon after acquisition seem to have a major influence on the long-term outcome of HIV-1 disease.
Distributed virtual machines (1998)

Article Distributed virtual machines: a system architecture for network computing Share on Authors: Emin Gün Sirer Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WAView Profile , Robert Grimm Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WAView Profile , Brian N. Bershad Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WAView Profile , Arthur J. Gregory Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WAView Profile , Sean McDirmid Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WAView Profile Authors Info & Claims EW 8: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGOPS European workshop on Support for composing distributed applicationsSeptember 1998 Pages 13–16https://doi.org/10.1145/319195.319198Online:07 September 1998Publication History 6citation459DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations6Total Downloads459Last 12 Months12Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Gravity, flexure, and the deep structure of the Grenville Front, eastern Quebec and Labrador (1994)

The Grenville Front in eastern Quebec and southern Labrador is characterized by a large negative Bouguer gravity anomaly with flanking highs. Forward flexural modelling of this anomaly provides constraints on the deep structure of the eastern Grenville. The Grenville Front is assumed to mark the surface trace of a boundary between less dense crust to the northwest and more dense crust to the southeast, with constant dip all the way to the Moho. An end load is applied to the northwestern plate to simulate the effect of orogenic and (or) subsurface loads, but is then removed underneath a continuous plate to simulate the transient nature of the load. This simple model yields good fits to the gravity anomaly, provided the effective elastic thickness of the lower plate is less than about 30 km and the crustal boundary dips at about 20°. The deep structure of the eastern Grenville Front may therefore be dominated by a major shallow-dipping straight thrust. The applied end loads for the best-fitting models are only a few tens of kilometres southeast of the Grenville Front. This may reflect the former presence of allochthonous crust at and near the present Grenville Front in the eastern Grenville, or delamination of the lithospheric mantle of the northern plate from its overlying mantle, which could also be responsible for the low modelled elastic thicknesses. The absence of a similarly pronounced gravity anomaly in the western Grenville may reflect a lower orogenic load, as evidenced by the absence of a fold-and-thrust belt there, and a steeper dip for the crustal boundary.
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image (1965)

Over 5,000 high-school students of different social, religious, and national backgrounds were studied to show the effects of family experience, neighborhoods, minority groups, etc. on their self-image and response to society. Originally published in 1965. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Preparation of Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate) by Homogeneous Aqueous AGET ATRP (2006)

A new convenient initiation process for ATRP, activators generated by electron transfer (AGET ATRP), was investigated in homogeneous aqueous solution at ambient temperature (30 °C). Tris[(2-pyridyl)methyl]amine (TPMA)/CuBr2 complex was used as an oxidatively stable Cu(II) precursor. Ascorbic acid was used as a reducing agent to reduce the air-stable Cu(II) complex, resulting in generation of an active catalyst. Two oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylates (OEOMA) with different pendent OEO chain lengths (OEOMA300 and OEOMA475) were used to demonstrate the broad applicability of aqueous AGET ATRP for the synthesis of well-controlled water-soluble homopolymers and random copolymers at the targeting degree of polymerization (DP) = 300. Concentrations of Cu(II) complex and ascorbic acid as well as ratio of water to macromonomer were varied to produce well-controlled homopolymers of P(OEOMA300) and P(OEOMA475) as well as random copolymer P(OEOMA300-ran-OEOMA474) with DP > 240 and Mw/Mn < 1.3. CuCl2/TPMA complex resulted in a slower but better controlled polymerization than CuBr2/TPMA complex. The CuBr2/bpy complex produced polymers with broader molecular weight distribution than the CuBr2/TPMA complex. Aqueous AGET ATRP retains all of the benefits of normal ATRP. Additionally, it provides a facile route for the preparation of polymers due to the use of oxidatively stable catalyst precursors.
Nuclear translocation of NF-κB is increased in dopaminergic neurons of patients with Parkinson disease (1997)

Evidence from postmortem studies suggest an involvement of oxidative stress in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease (PD) that have recently been shown to die by apoptosis, but the relationship between oxidative stress and apoptosis has not yet been elucidated. Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB is associated with oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in several nonneuronal in vitro models. To investigate whether it may play a role in PD, we looked for the translocation of NF-kappaB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, evidence of its activation, in melanized neurons in the mesencephalon of postmortem human brain from five patients with idiopathic PD and seven matched control subjects. In PD patients, the proportion of dopaminergic neurons with immunoreactive NF-kappaB in their nuclei was more than 70-fold that in control subjects. A possible relationship between the nuclear localization of NF-kappaB in mesencephalic neurons of PD patients and oxidative stress in such neurons has been shown in vitro with primary cultures of rat mesencephalon, where translocation of NF-kappaB is preceded by a transient production of free radicals during apoptosis induced by activation of the sphingomyelin-dependent signaling pathway with C2-ceramide. The data suggest that this oxidant-mediated apoptogenic transduction pathway may play a role in the mechanism of neuronal death in PD.
Induction and expression of amphiregulin in human pancreatic cancer. (1994)

The epidermal growth factor receptor is activated by a family of polypeptides that includes the growth factor amphiregullin (AR). Using Northern blot analysis and the polymerase chain reaction, we now report that AR mRNA is expressed in human pancreatic cancer cell lines, and that this expression is enhanced in several of these cell lines by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate and transforming growth factor alpha. AR was also expressed in normal and malignant pancreatic tissues. However, in the normal pancreas, AR immunostaining was most evident in the nuclei of ductal cells. In contrast, in many carcinomas, AR was also present in the cytoplasm of the ductal-like cancer cells. Cytoplasmic localization of AR was associated with a more advanced clinical stage. These findings suggest that AR may contribute to aberrant activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in human pancreatic cancer, and may enhance disease progression.
Review article: effect of bile salt pool composition on hepatic and biliary functions (2000)

The enterohepatic recirculation of bile salts exerts important regulatory effects on many hepatic, biliary and intestinal functions: such regulation is likely to depend, to a large extent, on the physical-chemical property of hydrophobicity of the recirculating pool. The present review summarizes the main experimental evidence carried out by our research group over the past two decades, in the attempt to investigate systematically the relationships between structural properties and biological effects of bile acids in humans. Hydrophobic bile acids (chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid), but not hydrophilic acids (ursodeoxycholic acid), significantly suppressed hepatic activity of HMG-CoA reductase, the limiting step of cholesterol synthesis, and in vivo cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylation, the limiting step of bile acid synthesis. The output of biliary cholesterol and phospholipid was also directly related to the hydrophobicity of the bile acid pool. Finally, treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid, but not with ursodeoxycholic acid, significantly decreased gall-bladder emptying rates. When turning to the in vitro model of HepG2 cells, hydrophobic bile acids were found to induce greater cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects. From this series of studies, we conclude that the regulatory effects of bile acids on the liver and biliary tract are largely dependent on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of the recirculating bile acid pool.
Two-Dimensional Optical Beam Steering With InP-Based Photonic Integrated Circuits (2013)

Two-dimensional optical beam steering using an InP photonic integrated circuit has been demonstrated. Lateral beam steering controlled by a 1-D phased array has been made easier through on-chip interferometer monitors. Longitudinal beam steering controlled by the input wavelength has demonstrated an efficiency of 0.14 °/nm. Very fast beam steering (>10 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{7}$</tex></formula> °/s) in both dimensions has been demonstrated as well. As the latest development, a widely tunable sampled-grating distributed Bragg reflector laser has been monolithically integrated and 2-D beam steering has been demonstrated with this on-chip tunable laser source.
Structurally Homologous Ligand Binding of Integrin Mac-1 and Viral Glycoprotein C Receptors (1991)

Three spatially distant surface loops were found to mediate the interaction of the coagulation protein factor X with the leukocyte integrin Mac-1. This interacting region, which by computational modeling defines a three-dimensional macromotif in the catalytic domain, was also recognized by glycoprotein C (gC), a factor X receptor expressed on herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected endothelial cells. Peptidyl mimicry of each loop inhibited factor X binding to Mac-1 and gC, blocked monocyte generation of thrombin, and prevented monocyte adhesion to HSV-infected endothelium. These data link the ligand recognition of Mac-1 to established mechanisms of receptor-mediated vascular injury.
Particle alignment in a viscoelastic liquid flowing in a square-shaped microchannel (2013)

We demonstrate the possibility to achieve 3D particle focusing in a straight microchannel with a square cross-section by exploiting purely viscoelastic effects. Experiments are carried out by considering an elastic, constant-viscosity aqueous solution of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) as the suspending liquid. Several flow rates and two channel dimensions (with a fixed particle size to channel dimension ratio) are investigated. A novel technique combining particle tracking measurements and numerical simulations is used to reconstruct the position of the flowing particles over the channel cross-section. The results show that, for all the investigated experimental conditions, particles migrate towards the channel centerline. Flow-focusing is enhanced by higher flow rates. The measured particle fractions can be rescaled according to a single dimensionless parameter, as already reported in the literature for the case of cylindrical channels. The so-obtained master curve can be used as a guide to predict the required focusing length. The effect of the entrance on the focusing channel length is also addressed. Finally, analogies and discrepancies with similar previous works are discussed.
Cartwheel projections of segmented pulmonary vasculature for the detection of pulmonary embolism (2005)

Pulmonary embolism (PE) detection via contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images is an increasingly important topic of research. Accurate identification of PE is of critical importance in determining the need for further treatment. However, current multi-slice CT scanners provide datasets typically containing 600 or more images per patient, making it desirable to have a visualization method to help radiologists focus directly on potential candidates that might otherwise have been overlooked. This is especially important when assessing the ability of CT to identify smaller, sub-segmental emboli. We propose a cartwheel projection approach to PE visualization that computes slab projections of the original data aided by vessel segmentation. Previous research on slab visualization for PE has utilized the entire volumetric dataset, requiring thin slabs and necessitating the use of maximum intensity projection (MIP). Our use of segmentation within the projection computation allows the use of thicker slabs than previous methods, as well as the ability to employ visualization variations that are only possible with segmentation. Following automatic segmentation of the pulmonary vessels, slabs may be rotated around the X-, Y- or Z-axis. These slabs are rendered by preferentially using voxels within the lung vessels. This effectively eliminates distracting information not relevant to diagnosis, lessening both the chance of overlooking a subtle embolus and minimizing time on spent evaluating false positives. The ability to employ thicker slabs means fewer images need to be evaluated, yielding a more efficient workflow.
Processing of Swedish Compounds for Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation (2008)

In this thesis I explore how compound processing can be used to improve phrase-based statistical machine translation (PBSMT) between English and German/Swedish. Both German and Swedish generally use closed compounds, which are written as one word without spaces or other indicators of word boundaries. Compounding is both common and productive, which makes it problematic for PBSMT, mainly due to sparse data problems. The adopted strategy for compound processing is to split compounds into their component parts before training and translation. For translation into Swedish and German the parts are merged after translation. I investigate the effect of different splitting algorithms for translation between English and German, and of different merging algorithms for German. I also apply these methods to a different language pair, English--Swedish. Overall the studies show that compound processing is useful, especially for translation from English into German or Swedish. But there are improvements for translation into English as well, such as a reduction of unknown words. I show that for translation between English and German different splitting algorithms work best for different translation directions. I also design and evaluate a novel merging algorithm based on part-of-speech matching, which outperforms previous methods for compound merging, showing the need for information that is carried through the translation process, rather than only external knowledge sources such as word lists. Most of the methods for compound processing were originally developed for German. I show that these methods can be applied to Swedish as well, with similar results.