gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases (2003)

In this second edition of a much-acclaimed classic laboratory manual, Molecular Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, leading experts from academia and industry describe cutting-edge methods for the protein-based diagnosis of infectious diseases. Explaining the latest developments in genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, biosensors, high-throughput devices, and recombinant technology, the authors demonstrate the power of these new methodologies in both established and novel procedures by applying them successfully to the identification and characterization of valuable diagnostic markers, immunomodulatory components, epitope mapping, the production and purification of recombinant antigens, and their use in diagnostic reagents in immunological assays. Basic problems of serological laboratory diagnostics and the use of immunoproteomics for discovering target proteins are also addressed. Each readily reproducible protocol is described in step-by-step detail and includes a background introduction, equipment and reagent lists, tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls, and extensive references. Comprehensive and up-to-date, Molecular Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, Second Edition offers novice investigators an easy entry into the field and experienced researchers a broad array of time saving tools that will not only elucidate new principles, but also greatly facilitate the development and successful application of rapid diagnostic methods
Position-Dependent Repression and Promotion of DQB1 Intron 3 Splicing by GGGG Motifs (2006)

Alternative splicing of HLA-DQB1 exon 4 is allele-dependent and results in variable expression of soluble DQbeta. We have recently shown that differential inclusion of this exon in mature transcripts is largely due to intron 3 variants in the branch point sequence (BPS) and polypyrimidine tract. To identify additional regulatory cis-elements that contribute to haplotype-specific splicing of DQB1, we systematically examined the effect of guanosine (G) repeats on intron 3 removal. We found that the GGG or GGGG repeats generally improved splicing of DQB1 intron 3, except for those that were adjacent to the 5' splice site where they had the opposite effect. The most prominent splicing enhancement was conferred by GGGG motifs arranged in tandem upstream of the BPS. Replacement of a G-rich segment just 5' of the BPS with a series of random sequences markedly repressed splicing, whereas substitutions of a segment further upstream that lacked the G-rich elements and had the same size did not result in comparable splicing inhibition. Systematic mutagenesis of both suprabranch guanosine quadruplets (G(4)) revealed a key role of central G residues in splicing enhancement, whereas cytosines in these positions had the most prominent repressive effects. Together, these results show a significant role of tandem G(4)NG(4) structures in splicing of both complete and truncated DQB1 intron 3, support position dependency of G repeats in splicing promotion and inhibition, and identify positively and negatively acting sequences that contribute to the haplotype-specific DQB1 expression.
Inhibitory Effects and Spectral Changes on Pig Testicular Cytochrome P-450 (17&alpha;-Hydroxylase /Lyase) by 20&beta;-Hydroxy-C<SUB>21</SUB>-Steroids (1988)

精巣におけるアンドロゲン生合成はcholesterolを出発原料として行われており, 各種ステロイド代謝酵素によりその生合成が触媒されている.その中でヒドロキシラーゼ反応や炭素-炭素間切断のリアーゼ反応はミトコンドリアあるいは小胞体に局在するチトクロームP-450 (P-450) の関与するオキシゲナービ反応であることが知られている.ChoresterolからC21-ステロイドの生合成はミトコンドリア内膜に局在するP-450seeにより触媒さねているが, C21-ステロイドからアンドロゲンであるC19-ステロイドの生合成は小胞休に局在するP-450 (17α-ヒトロキシラーゼ/リアーゼ)(P-45017α/lyase) により触媒されており, 見かけ土異なる反応である17α-ヒドロキシラーゼ活性 (17α活性) とC17, 20-リアーゼ活性 (lyase活性) を有していることが著者らにより明らかにされている. またこのP-45017α/Lyaseはその電子伝達系にチトクロームb5 (b5) が関与することによりフェロモンと考えられているΔ16-C19-ステロイドを生合成することも明らかにしており, 本酵素は精巣におけるアンドロゲン生事合成における重要な位置を占めるP-450オキシゲナーゼである.最近著者らは幼若ブタ精巣中に20-ケト-C21-ステロでドを20β (20R)-ヒドロキシステロイドに還元する20β-ドロキシステロイド脱水素酵素 (20β-HSD) 活性を認め, 幼若時に, その活性が著しく高いことを報告した. 更にその精製, 純化に成功した.本論文ではこの精巣20β-HSDの生理的意義を明らかにする目的の一端として, 本酵素の還元反応により生成する20β-ビドロキシ-C21-ステロイドが精巣のP-45017α/lyaseによ触媒さ, れるオキシゲナーゼ活性, すなわち△16-C19ーステロイド合成酵素活性 (△16活性), 17α 活性及びlyase活性に及ぼす景多響を検討し, 併せてオキシゲナーゼの末端酵素であるP-45017α/lyase自身に及ぼす影響をSoret帯の吸収スヘクトル変化から検討した.
Chemistry of 2H-3,1-benzoxazine-2,4-(1H)-dione (isatoic anhydride). 2. Reactions with thiopseudoureas and carbanions (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of 2H-3,1-benzoxazine-2,4-(1H)-dione (isatoic anhydride). 2. Reactions with thiopseudoureas and carbanionsGary M. Coppola, Goetz E. Hardtmann, and Oskar R. PfisterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 5, 825–831Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00867a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00867a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views759Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gene therapy for human cancer: an essay for clinicians. (1996)

In the last decade our understanding of the processes that govern growth and differentiation has become quite sophisticated. A variety of tumor suppressor genes and more than 100 oncogenes have been identified. The roles of developmental genes in shaping the expression of neoplasia and of defective housekeeping genes in allowing mutations to persist and be transcribed have been appreciated. These advances have revolutionized our ability to diagnose and to formulate prognoses for patients with cancer. However, successful gene therapy for cancer has been elusive. This review highlights the current approaches to gene therapy for cancer and their scientific bases. The requirement that the therapy repair or destroy every cancer cell seems an insurmountable hurdle. Environmental manipulation through systemic administration of exogenous antisense may circumvent this problem in cases where it is appropriate. The more practical application of the technology of genetic engineering to facilitate cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy is also reviewed. Particularly encouraging are the preclinical and clinical results of in vivo, in situ gene transfer. It remains to be determined if this local approach impacts favorably on survival.
Reported Neurologic Disorders Following Live Measles Vaccine (1968)

In the 26 months from January 1965 through February 1967, 23 instances of neurologic disorder following measles vaccination were reported to the National Communicable Disease Center. Analysis of data for individual cases reveals that one was probably caused by herpes simplex and three (possibly four) patients had no serologic response to vaccination. In no case was it possible to determine whether the illness was actually vaccine induced or whether the temporal association with vaccine inoculation was merely coincidental. That 23 known cases of encephalitis have been reported indicates the need for active surveillance of all suspect cases. However, it is obvious that the risk of encephalitis is much greater after the natural disease than after vaccination.
Safety and immunogenicity of a nonavalent pneumococcal vaccine conjugated to CRM197 administered simultaneously but in a separate syringe with diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines in Gambian infants (2000)

Simultaneous administration of PnCV with Expanded Program of Immunization vaccines is safe and immunogenic. immune response to the composite antigens is likely to confer protection.
A Hybrid Planar–Mixed Molecular Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cell (2004)

An organic hybrid planar-mixed molecular heterojunction photovoltaic cell, whose photoactive region consists of a mixed layer of donor and acceptor molecules sandwiched between homogeneous donor and acceptor layers, is demonstrated. A power conversion efficiency of (5.0 ± 0.3) % under 1 sun AM1.5G solar illumination is achieved. The cell exhibits a low resistance to charge transport and a high exciton-diffusion efficiency.
Liver transplantation in the Nordic countries – An intention to treat and post-transplant analysis from The Nordic Liver Transplant Registry 1982–2013 (2015)

The liver transplant program in the Nordic countries provides comparable outcomes to programs with a MELD-based donor liver allocation system. Unique features comprise the diagnostic spectrum, waiting times and the availability of an integrated waiting list and transplant registry (NLTR).
Regenerative Capacity of Transplanted Cardiac Muscle in the Rat (1986)

The authors analyzed the regenerative ability of cardiac muscle in the rat. Normal cardiac muscle was minced into mm3 fragments and homotransplanted into a triceps surae complex cavity of a nonsibling rat. Subsequent histological examination of the cardiac regenerate revealed the presence of myofibers. These myofibers typically exhibited centrally located nuclei, a characteristic of normal cardiac muscle. However, the absence of intercalated discs and autonomous contractility prevented indentification of these fibers as cardiac.
Real-time adaptive control for haptic telemanipulation with Kalman active observers (2006)

This paper discusses robotic telemanipulation with Kalman active observers and online stiffness estimation. Operational space techniques, feedback linearization, discrete state space methods, augmented states, and stochastic design are used to control a robotic manipulator with a haptic device. Stiffness estimation only based on force data (measured, desired, and estimated forces) is proposed, avoiding explicit position information. Stability and robustness to stiffness errors are discussed, as well as real-time adaptation techniques. Telepresence is analyzed. Experiments show high performance in contact with soft and hard surfaces.
Etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (2011)

The past 25 years have seen a major expansion of knowledge concerning the cause of Parkinson's disease provided by an understanding of environmental and genetic factors that underlie the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons. Based on the actions of toxins, postmortem investigations, and gene defects responsible for familial Parkinson's disease, there is now a general consensus about the mechanisms of cell death that contribute to neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, altered protein handling, and inflammatory change are considered to lead to cell dysfunction and death by apoptosis or autophagy. Ageing is the single most important risk factor for Parkinson's disease, and the biochemical changes that are a consequence of aging amplify these abnormalities in Parkinson's disease brain. What remains to be determined is the combination and sequence of events leading to cell death and whether this is identical in all brain regions where pathology occurs and in all individuals with Parkinson's disease. Focusing on those events that characterize Parkinson's disease, namely, mitochondrial dysfunction and Lewy body formation, may be the key to further advancing the understanding of pathogenesis and to taking these mechanisms forward as a means of defining targets for neuroprotection.
Clinical testing of an inactivated influenza A/H5N1 vaccine candidate in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial in healthy adults in Vietnam (2016)

We tested an inactivated egg-grown whole virus influenza A/H5N1 vaccine candidate developed by the Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals (IVAC), a state-run vaccine manufacturer in Vietnam, in a Phase 1, placebo controlled, double blinded, randomized trial. The vaccine was adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide. The trial enrolled 75 subjects who were randomized to receive two injections of one of the following: low-dose of vaccine (7.5 mcg HA), high-dose of vaccine (15 mcg HA), or placebo. The vaccine candidate was well tolerated with minimal local reactogenicity consisting of mild, short-lived injection site pain and/or tenderness. No systemic reactogenicity was observed other than transient low-grade fever in about 13% of the subjects and no unsolicited adverse events were attributable to product administration. Immune responses were assessed at baseline and after the first and second dose by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and microneutralization (MN) assays, with 72% of the high-dose and 68% of the low-dose vaccine recipients presenting a ⩾4-fold response in the HAI assay and 72% of the high-dose and 61% of the low-dose vaccine recipients exhibiting a ⩾4-fold response in the MN assay. These promising results support further development. ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02171819, June 20, 2014.
TAK1: molecular cloning and characterization of a new member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. (1994)

Using polymerase chain reaction and two degenerate primers whose designs were based on the two best conserved regions of the DNA-binding domain of the nuclear receptor superfamily, we identified and cloned a novel orphan receptor, named TAK1. The open reading frame of TAK1 encodes a protein of 596 amino acid residues. Based on the modular structure and the presence of a DNA-binding domain containing two zinc fingers TAK1 belongs to the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. The amino acid sequence of TAK1 is most closely related to the orphan receptor TR2-11. Their overall sequence homology is 64%, with the highest similarity (82%) being observed in the DNA-binding domain. Northern blot analysis using RNA from multiple human tissues showed that a 9.4 kilobase TAK1 transcript was expressed ubiquitously and that the presence of a 2.8 kilobase mRNA was largely restricted to the testis. In situ hybridization using sections of rat and mouse testes and Northern blot analysis using RNA from testes of rats at various ages revealed that TAK1 is most abundantly expressed in spermatocytes whereas little expression was observed in other germ cells or somatic cells. In situ hybridization using other mouse and rat tissues revealed cell type-specific expression of TAK1 in several tissues. Our observations suggest a role for this putative transcription factor in the regulation of gene expression in specific cell types. In the testis, TAK1 appears to control gene expression during spermatogenesis, particularly during the meiotic phase.
China in Ghana: Easing the Shift from Aid Dependency to Oil Ecoomy? (2010)

The author examines recent changes in the Ghanaian aid and investment landscape as China has stepped up its relations with this donor ‘darling’. Recent oil discoveries further transform the financing scenarios and more established donors are concerned about the riskiness of this. These tensions reveal wider differences in approaches to development and the desires of many African governments which could herald big changes in the ethos and practice of development.

These are interesting times for Ghana. The country is a long-standing donor ‘success’, transitioned smoothly to democracy, and the economy has been performing reasonably well. Recently the Chinese have stepped up diplomatic relations, largely through aid, as they have with many African countries that serve their geopolitical and economic ends. But with the discovery of oil things have changed quickly. The Chinese and other Asian investors are seeking deals backed by oil revenues which could see Ghana moving away from being aid dependent. Moreover the ‘established’ donors of the OECD are worried about Ghana’s turn to these seemingly riskier and un-transparent forms of finance which they see as destabilising hard won efforts at donor harmonisation. Yet the Ghana story suggest deeper tensions between approaches to development –one centred on ‘softer’ institutional agendas and the other on ‘harder’ economic ones of infrastructure and growth–. The Chinese approach favours the latter, which is also something African governments are keen to pursue, so the changing aid and investment landscape may presage major changes in the ethos and direction of African development.
Two-Point Fixation of the Lumbar Spine (1991)

Single vertebral motion segments were tested in torsion. The adjacent vertebrae were transfixed by two 3-mm Steinman pins placed vertically. These were applied in five different positions: between the anterior vertebral bodies, posterior vertebral bodies, pedicles, transverse processes, and lamina. Rotational displacement was limited the most by transfixation between the vertebral bodies (position one or two). Disrupting the anulus fibrosus significantly increased rotation in all positions except those in the vertebral body. These findings may imply that spinal fixation devices that engage the vertebral bodies may offer inherent advantages over purely posterior devices in stabilizing a vertebral motion segment. In addition, an interbody arthrodesis may prevent intervertebral motion better than a posterior or posterolateral fusion.
Interrelationships between victimization experiences and women's alcohol use. (1993)

The interrelationships between experiences of childhood victimization and the development of women's alcohol-related problems are explored. Two different forms of childhood victimization are examined: (1) parent-to-child violence and (2) childhood sexual abuse (familial and nonfamilial). Data were collected from 472 women between the ages of 18 and 45 during in-depth interviews. Women were grouped to allow for the following two sets of comparisons: comparison 1: alcoholics in alcoholism treatment (n = 98), drinking drivers (n = 100) and a household sample (without alcohol problems) (n = 82); comparison 2: women with alcohol problems in treatment (n = 178), women without alcohol problems in treatment (n = 92) and a household sample (n = 82). High rates of childhood victimization for women with alcohol problems suggest that there is a link between victimization and the development, specifically, of women's alcohol problems. The strength of the interrelationships between childhood victimization and the development of women's alcohol problems when holding the treatment condition constant is of particular interest in this study. The rates of childhood victimization were significantly greater for women with alcohol problems in treatment as compared to women without alcohol problems in treatment. Thus, even when holding the treatment condition and family background variables constant, childhood victimization has a specific connection to the development of women's alcohol problems. These findings remained significant even when controlling for demographic and family background differences, including parental alcohol problems.
A Scalable Implementation of Malware Detection Based on Network Connection Behaviors (2013)

When hundreds of thousands of applications need to be analyzed within a short period of time, existing static and dynamic malware detection methods may become less desirable because they could quickly exhaust system and human resources. Additionally, many behavioral malware detection methods may not be practical because they require the collection of applications' system-level and network-level activities, which may not always be available. In this paper, we propose a malware behavioral clustering approach to detect malware variants based on applications' simple network connection data, which can be easily collected from anti-virus (AV) products. This approach is highly scalable and has been used on huge volumes of real-world data. Our experiments demonstrate that, at a false positive rate lower than 0.001%, the proposed method achieved a detection rate of 80%+ in identifying spambots and achieved a 50%+ detection rate on average when detecting 3 popular malware families. In addition, the proposed method was deployed in a real environment and it detected malware instances more than one week earlier on average than two other leading AV products.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of Pt/CNT nanocomposite electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells (2009)

Microwave-assisted heating of functionalized, single-wall carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) in ethylene glycol solution containing H(2)PtCl(6), led to the reductive deposition of Pt nanoparticles (2.5-4 nm) over the FCNTs, yielding an active catalyst for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In single-cell testing, the Pt/FCNT composites displayed a catalytic performance that was superior to Pt nanoparticles supported by raw (unfunctionalized) CNTs (RCNTs) or by carbon black (C), prepared under identical conditions. The supporting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), functionalized with carboxyl groups, were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and Raman spectroscopy. The loading level, morphology, and crystallinity of the Pt/SWNT catalysts were determined using TGA, SEM, and XRD. The electrochemically active catalytic surface area of the Pt/FCNT catalysts was 72.9 m(2)/g-Pt.
Effects of interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and neutralizing antibody on proinflammatory cytokine expression by human squamous cell carcinoma lines. (1998)

Proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have been detected in tumor specimens and primary cell cultures from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. IL-1alpha has been reported to play an important role in inducing the expression of cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF during inflammation. We examined whether these cytokines are expressed together in five primary and seven established UM-SCC cell lines, and we also examined the effects of IL-1alpha, IL-1 receptor antagonist or neutralizing antibody (Ab) upon expression of this repertoire of proinflammatory cytokines in established UM-SCC lines. Secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF was detected by ELISA in both the primary and established UM-SCC lines. Constitutive expression of specific mRNAs for these cytokines was confirmed in the UM-SCC lines by reverse transcriptase-PCR and Northern blot analysis. Addition of recombinant IL (rIL)-1alpha but not rIL-6 induced a dose-dependent increase in IL-8 and GM-CSF production. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-RA) or anti-IL-1 neutralizing Ab could completely inhibit the rIL-1alpha-inducible increase in IL-8 and GM-CSF expression, but the inhibitors had a negligible effect on the constitutive level of production of the cytokines. Transfer and expression of the IL-1alpha gene in a low-cytokine-producing cell line, UM-SCC-38, induced IL-8 and GM-CSF expression, but this expression was also not inhibited by IL-1RA or anti-IL-1 neutralizing Ab. We conclude that IL-1alpha can enhance the expression of cytokines IL-8 and GM-CSF in UM-SCC cell lines but that constitutive expression of these cytokines by UM-SCC is not inhibited by exogenous IL-1RA or neutralizing Ab.