gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of .alpha.,.omega.-Diisopropenyloligopropylene by Thermal Degradation of Isotactic Polypropylene (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of .alpha.,.omega.-Diisopropenyloligopropylene by Thermal Degradation of Isotactic PolypropyleneTakashi Sawaguchi, Tadashi Ikemura, and Manabu SenoCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 24, 7973–7978Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00128a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00128a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views639Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Euglena gracilis chloroplast small subunit rRNA. Sequence and base pairing potential of the 3' terminus, cleavage by colicin E3. (1982)

RNA sequencing methods have been used to determine sequences at the 3' ends of the small subunit RNAs from Euglena gracilis cytoplasmic and chloroplast ribosomes. The cytoplasmic rRNA sequence, AUCAU psi GOH, has features typical of eukaryotic 18 S rRNAs. The sequence at the 3' terminus of the chloroplast 17 S rRNA, AACAACUCCCOH, differs in several positions from nucleotides conserved in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic small subunit rRNAs, but it does terminate with a pyrimidine tract. Like prokaryotic ribosomes, the chloroplast ribosome displays highly specific binding to purine-rich oligonucleotides. The 30 S subunits select from a random mixture of oligonucleotides only those that contain the sequence GGGAG, which is complementary to the 3' end of 17 S rRNA. The 68S chloroplast ribosome has been shown to be a substrate in vitro for colicin E3. Colicin E3 introduces a cleavage at a position in the chloroplast 17 S rRNA that corresponds exactly to that hydrolyzed in Escherichia coli S rRNA. These results suggest that the 3'-terminal region of 17 S rRNA has an arrangement in the 68 S chloroplast ribosome that may be equivalent to that of the prokaryotic ribosome, with the 3' end exposed in the 30 S subunit for interactions with complementary RNA sequences.
Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression (1988)

THROUGHOUT most of recorded history, literary and clinical descriptions of depression have adhered to a rigid separation between mental processes and their physical substrates. This impediment to scientific inquiry held sway until Spinoza argued forcefully against the dualism of mind and body and Darwin helped to explain the purposefulness of the living organism in terms of natural selection rather than divine intention.1 In this century, Freud's deromanticizing of the psyche2 and Kraepelin's accurate descriptions of the major psychoses3 set the stage for contemporary efforts to understand mental disorders.We now know that major depression is a heritable, recurrent, syndromal illness. . . .
FTY720/Fingolimod, a Sphingosine Analogue, Reduces Amyloid-β Production in Neurons (2013)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pluripotent lipophilic mediator working as a ligand for G-protein coupled S1P receptors (S1PR), which is currently highlighted as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases including relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Sphingosine related compounds, FTY720 and KRP203 known as S1PR modulators, are phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) to yield the active metabolites FTY720-P and KRP203-P, which work as functional antagonists for S1PRs. Here we report that FTY720 and KRP203 decreased production of Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), a pathogenic proteins causative for Alzheimer disease (AD), in cultured neuronal cells. Pharmacological analyses suggested that the mechanism of FTY720-mediated Aβ decrease in cells was independent of known downstream signaling pathways of S1PRs. Unexpectedly, 6-days treatment of APP transgenic mice with FTY720 resulted in a decrease in Aβ40, but an increase in Aβ42 levels in brains. These results suggest that S1PR modulators are novel type of regulators for Aβ metabolisms that are active in vitro and in vivo.
Combined temporal and spatial filter structures for CDMA systems (2002)

CDMA systems are interference limited and therefore efficient interference management is necessary to enhance the capacity of a CDMA system. In this paper we consider combining two effective receiver based interference management strategies: multiuser detection (temporal filtering) and receiver beamforming (spatial filtering). We formulate and examine the performance of several linear filter structures which are all based on minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criteria, but differ in how the MMSE problems are defined in the temporal and spatial domains, i.e., jointly or in cascade. It is shown that while the joint optimum MMSE filter achieves the maximum signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) among all possible linear filters, the constrained optimum MMSE filter which results in a single temporal and single spatial filter outperforms all combined single-user/multiple-user approaches and cascaded optimization approaches either uniformly or asymptotically. The constrained optimum MMSE filter is near-far resistant in all but very highly loaded systems and enjoys low complexity.
Oestrogen receptors in conjunctival malignant melanoma. (1992)

results originate in two independent centres.Leary et al suggest that as HPV DNA is not always present in glandular neoplasia' that HPV might be a cofactor rather than an initiator of endocervical glandular neoplasia.If this is so then HPV DNA need not necessarily be detected, possibly explaining the discrepant results from the United Kingdom and elsewhere.To summarise, results from the United Kingdom37 suggest that infection with HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18 and 31 does not necessarily have a major role in cervical glandular neoplasia.
Competitive Equilibrium and Reputation Under Imperfect Public Monitoring (2008)

In this paper we analyze a reputation-based mechanism that sustains the provision of high quality in a market for an experience good. In contrast to existing models of reputation, however, we consider a competitive market: there is a continuum of firms, each serving at most one consumer each period. We assume a perpetual probability of type replacement and imperfect public monitoring, and we analyze the evolution of firms' reputations in the high quality equilibrium. We find that there is an invariant long run distribution of firms' reputations: each firm's reputation changes every period even in the long run, but the population distribution of reputations remains constant. We consider the long run distribution of firms' reputations to further characterize the steady-state high quality equilibrium. In the equilibrium of the stage game firms with a higher reputation charge a higher price. Furthermore, we show that if the cost of high quality is decreasing in some consumer's characteristic, then buyers pay personalized prices in equilibrium.
Activation of Macrophages From Aging Mice by Detoxified Lipid A (1991)

A detoxified derivative of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides (LPS), monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), which is capable of inducing nonspecific resistance against several infectious organisms, was tested for its capacity to activate peritoneal macrophages (M phi) from young and immunodeficient aging BALB/c and C3H/HeN mice. Superoxide generation and hydrogen peroxide release by M phi from aging mice were elevated following intraperitoneal injection with 25 micrograms of LPS or MPL, although they did not reach the peak levels achieved in LPS or MPL-treated young mice. Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT) by peritoneal M phi from aging C3H/HeN mice treated with MPL was higher than that in control aging mice, equalling that from MPL-treated young mice. LPS, its toxic counterpart, however, failed to increase NBT reduction in either group. MPL enhanced lysozyme activity in M phi from both aging and young C3H/HeN mice above initial control levels. On the other hand, LPS suppressed lysozyme activity in M phi from young, but not aging mice. Phagocytosis of Candida albicans by M phi from BALB/c mice was increased in both groups when stimulated by MPL, but not LPS. Similarly, MPL enhanced the ability to kill Candida in both aging and young BALB/c mice. This effect was not seen with LPS. Thus, a detoxified derivative of LPS was found capable of activating the respiratory burst, NBT reduction, elevating lysozyme activity, as well as phagocytosis and killing of Candida in murine peritoneal M phi from both young and aging mice.
Morphometry of exercise-induced right ventricular hypertrophy in the rat. (1983)

In our morphometric study of the effects of exercise on the heart, male Wistar-Kyoto rats at 5 weeks of age were subjected daily to a moderate treadmill running program that lasted for 7 weeks. The heart responded to physical conditioning by different magnitudes of tissue growth of the right (22%) and left (7%) ventricular myocardium, the latter change not statistically significant. The increase in right ventricular volume was associated with a 25% enlargement of ventricular area, a 26% average lengthening of the myocytes, and no change in sarcomere length and in ventricular midwall thickness. Exercise produced significant alterations in the quantitative parameters of the microvasculature of the right ventricle, but no appreciable changes in the left ventricle. Right ventricular hypertrophy was characterized by an absolute 44% growth of the endothelial luminal surface brought about through a 16% increase in capillary numerical density, and a 41% augmentation of the total length of the capillary network. Maximum diffusion distance from the capillary wall to the mitochondria of myocytes decreased 10% as a result of capillary proliferation and the lack of lateral expansion of myocyte cross-sectional area. Evaluation of the subcellular constituents of myocytes showed no change in the mitochondria:myofibrils volume ratio, indicating a growth of these components proportional to each other and to the growth of the myocyte population as a whole. It was concluded that, as a result of running exercise, right ventricular growth is analogous to eccentric hypertrophy in which the structural adaptations of the capillary bed can be expected to improve the diffusion and transport of oxygen within the tissue.
Association and release of the amyloid protein precursor of Alzheimer's disease from chick brain extracellular matrix (1992)

The amyloid protein precursor (APP) of Alzheimer's disease was found to bind saturably (Kd = 60 nM) to embryonic chick brain extracellular matrix (ECM). The binding of APP to ECM was not inhibited by 10 micrograms/ml heparin or heparan sulfate. However, pretreatment of cells with 1 mM 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside, an inhibitor of proteoglycan biosynthesis, reduced the number of APP binding sites on the ECM by 80%. The binding of APP to ECM was also inhibited by pretreatment with chlorate, an inhibitor of glycan sulfation, and heparitinase, which digests the carbohydrate component of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. These results suggest that APP binds with high affinity to one or more heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Acidic and basic fibroblasts growth factor (FGF) also bound to chick ECM. When ECM was incubated with a protease associated with the enzyme AChE (AChE-AP), APP and acidic FGF were released intact from the matrix. The AChE-AP was at least 100-fold more potent in releasing APP from ECM than other trypsin-like proteases (trypsin, plasmin, thrombin). The action of the AChE-AP was inhibited by glia-derived nexin (protease nexin I) and by human brain APP at low nanomolar concentrations. These results suggest that in vivo an AChE-AP may cleave ECM proteins to regulate the availability of soluble APP or other factors bound to the ECM.
Association between Gαi2 and ELMO1/Dock180 connects chemokine signalling with Rac activation and metastasis (2013)

The chemokine CXCL12 and its G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 control the migration, invasiveness and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Binding of CXCL12 to CXCR4 triggers activation of heterotrimeric Gi proteins that regulate actin polymerization and migration. However, the pathways linking chemokine G-protein-coupled receptor/Gi signalling to actin polymerization and cancer cell migration are not known. Here we show that CXCL12 stimulation promotes interaction between Gαi2 and ELMO1. Gi signalling and ELMO1 are both required for CXCL12-mediated actin polymerization, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. CXCL12 triggers a Gαi2-dependent membrane translocation of ELMO1, which associates with Dock180 to activate small G-proteins Rac1 and Rac2. In vivo, ELMO1 expression is associated with lymph node and distant metastasis, and knocking down ELMO1 impairs metastasis to the lung. Our findings indicate that a chemokine-controlled pathway, consisting of Gαi2, ELMO1/Dock180, Rac1 and Rac2, regulates the actin cytoskeleton during breast cancer metastasis.
In vivo paracrine interaction between urokinase and its receptor: effect on tumor cell invasion. (1991)

Numerous studies have linked the production of increased levels of urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) with the malignant phenotype. It has also been shown that a specific cell surface receptor can bind uPA through a domain distinct and distant from the proteolytic domain. In an in vivo model of invasion, consisting of experimentally modified chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of a chick embryo, only cells that concurrently expressed both uPA and a receptor for uPA, and in which the receptor was saturated with uPA, were efficient in invasion. To test whether uPA produced by one cell can, in a paracrine fashion, affect the invasive capacity of a receptor-expressing cell, we transfected LB6 mouse cells with human uPA (LB6[uPA]), or human uPA-receptor cDNA (LB6[uPAR]). LB6(uPA) cells released into the medium 1-2 Ploug units of human uPA per 10(6) cells in 24 h. The LB6(uPAR) cells expressed on their surface approximately 12,000 high affinity (Kd 1.7 x 10(-10) M uPA binding sites per cell. Unlabeled LB6(uPA) and 125-IUdR-labeled LB6(uPAR) cells were coinoculated onto experimentally wounded and resealed CAMs and their invasion was compared to that of homologous mixtures of labeled and unlabeled LB6(uPAR) or LB6(uPA) cells. Concurrent presence of both cell types in the CAMs resulted in a 1.8-fold increase of invasion of the uPA-receptor expressing cells. A four-fold stimulation of invasion was observed when cells were cocultured in vitro, prior to in vivo inoculation. Enhancement of invasion was prevented in both sets of experiments by treatment with specific antihuman uPA antibodies, indicating that uPA was the main mediator of the invasion-enhancing, paracrine effect on the receptor-expressing cells.
Disaggregation and invasion of ovarian carcinoma ascites spheroids (2006)

We present here in vitro assays using ascites spheroids that imitate the spread of ovarian cancer in vivo. Our results suggest that systematic studies of the ascites cellular content are necessary to understand the biology of ovarian carcinoma.
Amino Acids Interfere with the ERK1/2-dependent Control of Macroautophagy by Controlling the Activation of Raf-1 in Human Colon Cancer HT-29 Cells (2003)

Activation of ERK1/2 stimulates macroautophagy in the human colon cancer cell line HT-29 by favoring the phosphorylation of the Galpha-interacting protein (GAIP) in an amino acid-dependent manner (Ogier-Denis, E., Pattingre, S., El Benna, J., and Codogno, P. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 39090-39095). Here we show that ERK1/2 activation by aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) treatment induces the phosphorylation of GAIP in an amino acid-dependent manner. Accordingly, ATA challenge increased the rate of macroautophagy, whereas epidermal growth factor did not significantly affect macroautophagy and GAIP phosphorylation status. In fact, ATA activated the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, whereas epidermal growth factor stimulated both the ERK1/2 pathway and the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, known to decrease the rate of macroautophagy. Amino acids interfered with the ATA-induced macroautophagy by inhibiting the activation of the kinase Raf-1. The role of the Ras/Raf-1/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in the GAIP- and amino acid-dependent control of macroautophagy was confirmed in HT-29 cells expressing the Ras(G12V,T35S) mutant. Similar to the protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor okadaic acid, amino acids sustained the phosphorylation of Ser(259), which is involved in the negative regulation of Raf-1. In conclusion, these results add a novel target to the amino acid signaling-dependent control of macroautophagy in intestinal cells.
ORegAnno: an open-access community-driven resource for regulatory annotation (2007)

ORegAnno is an open-source, open-access database and literature curation system for community-based annotation of experimentally identified DNA regulatory regions, transcription factor binding sites and regulatory variants. The current release comprises 30 145 records curated from 922 publications and describing regulatory sequences for over 3853 genes and 465 transcription factors from 19 species. A new feature called the 'publication queue' allows users to input relevant papers from scientific literature as targets for annotation. The queue contains 4438 gene regulation papers entered by experts and another 54 351 identified by text-mining methods. Users can enter or 'check out' papers from the queue for manual curation using a series of user-friendly annotation pages. A typical record entry consists of species, sequence type, sequence, target gene, binding factor, experimental outcome and one or more lines of experimental evidence. An evidence ontology was developed to describe and categorize these experiments. Records are cross-referenced to Ensembl or Entrez gene identifiers, PubMed and dbSNP and can be visualized in the Ensembl or UCSC genome browsers. All data are freely available through search pages, XML data dumps or web services at: http://www.oreganno.org.
Functional analysis of the FimE integrase of Escherichia coli K‐12: isolation of mutant derivatives with altered DNA inversion preferences (1999)

Phase variable expression of type 1 fimbriae in Escherichia coli arises from a site-specific recombination event that inverts a short segment of chromosomal DNA carrying the promoter for transcription of the gene encoding the fimbrial subunit protein. Two integrase-like recombinases are involved in switching. The FimB recombinase inverts the DNA segment in either orientation, whereas the FimE protein inverts it predominantly in the ON-to-OFF direction. In this paper, we report the isolation of a FimE mutant protein that has enhanced bidirectional switching activity. This protein has an arginine-to-lysine substitution at position 59, and this confers a FimB-like switching character on FimE without altering its ability to bind to DNA. The arginine was not a member of the arginine-histidine-arginine-tyrosine catalytic tetrad that is common to all integrase-like recombinases. The catalytic tetrad members of FimE were identified at positions 41, 136, 139 and 171 and shown to be essential for FimE function. In addition, other amino acid residues that make important contributions to the DNA binding activity of FimE or its ON-to-OFF inversion efficiency were identified.
CCT241533 Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of CHK2 that Potentiates the Cytotoxicity of PARP Inhibitors (2011)

CHK2 is a checkpoint kinase involved in the ATM-mediated response to double-strand DNA breaks. Its potential as a drug target is still unclear, but inhibitors of CHK2 may increase the efficacy of genotoxic cancer therapies in a p53 mutant background by eliminating one of the checkpoints or DNA repair pathways contributing to cellular resistance. We report here the identification and characterization of a novel CHK2 kinase inhibitor, CCT241533. X-ray crystallography confirmed that CCT241533 bound to CHK2 in the ATP pocket. This compound inhibits CHK2 with an IC(50) of 3 nmol/L and shows minimal cross-reactivity against a panel of kinases at 1 μmol/L. CCT241533 blocked CHK2 activity in human tumor cell lines in response to DNA damage, as shown by inhibition of CHK2 autophosphorylation at S516, band shift mobility changes, and HDMX degradation. CCT241533 did not potentiate the cytotoxicity of a selection of genotoxic agents in several cell lines. However, this compound significantly potentiates the cytotoxicity of two structurally distinct PARP inhibitors. Clear induction of the pS516 CHK2 signal was seen with a PARP inhibitor alone, and this activation was abolished by CCT241533, implying that the potentiation of PARP inhibitor cell killing by CCT241533 was due to inhibition of CHK2. Consequently, our findings imply that CHK2 inhibitors may exert therapeutic activity in combination with PARP inhibitors.
Direct evidence for manganese (III) binding to the manganosuperoxide dismutase of Escherichia coli B. (1976)

The results of maganetic susceptibility and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments are reported which demonstrate unequivocally that the valence state of the metal bound to manganosuperoxide dismutase is trivalent, Mn (III).