gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyposensitization in asthmatics with mPEG‐modified and unmodified house dust mite extract (1990)

Forty-six adult asthmatics allergic to D. pteronyssinus (Dp) participated in a 2-year study. Thirty-one underwent hyposensitization (HS-group). Fifteen were treated with Dp-extract (Dp-group), and 16 with a similar extract modified by monomethoxypolyethylene glycol with reduced allergenicity (mPEG-Dp-group). Fifteen patients served as controls. Dp-specific antibodies and histamine release from blood basophils were determined and compared with Dp-sensitivity in lungs and skin. In addition, IgG and IgE against the major allergen Der p I were followed in a subgroup. Dp-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG4 increased significantly in both HS-treated groups after 1 and 2 years (median: 2.5- to 11.6-fold). IgG4 was not induced if maintenance dose during the first year was less than 20,000 BU. Median skin sensitivity decreased 4.4- to 8.2-fold after 1 year and 7.4- to 21.4-fold after 2 years. Der p I specific IgG response was unrelated to the occurrence or change in IgE with the same specificity. The mPEG-Dp-extract tended to have less effect on skin sensitivity and immunological parameters, differences reaching statistical significance for skin sensitivity only. In the HS-group, the decrease in bronchial sensitivity was significantly correlated to a decrease in IgE (r = 0.36), IgG1/IgG4 (r = 0.49), Dp-specific histamine release (r = 0.58), and to an increase in Dp-specific IgG4 (r = -0.36) and IgG4/IgE (r = -0.48). In patients improving clinically, Dp-specific IgG4/IgE increased, and median Dp-specific IgE was reduced to 80% compared with an increase to 150-160% seen in the unchanged or deteriorated group (P less than 0.05). Findings indicate an improvement of effect, if the allergen dose is sufficient to reduce specific IgE and/or induce an IgG and especially IgG4 response.
Properties of Biospecific Adsorbents, Obtained by Immobilization of Oestradiol 7α‐Derivatives, for Purification of Calf‐Uterine Cytosol Oestradiol Receptor (1980)

The properties of three types of adsorbents obtained by coupling oestradiol 7α‐derivatives to agarose were compared. The adsorbents examined were: oestradiol 7α‐decamethylene‐agarose, ocstrndiol 7α ‐decamethylene‐poly(alanyl‐lysine)‐agarose and oestradiol 7α‐trimethylene‐poly(alanyl‐lysine)‐agarose. The following results were obtained. (1) All these adsorbents are stable at 0°C for at least a year when stored in water. In the presence of cytosol they are stable for several hours and are reusable after a simple wash. (2) A new method allowing the calculation of the maximal receptor binding capacity of an absorbent was developed. (3) The geometry of the column and the dynamics of the loading have no influence on the binding capacity of the adsorbents. (4) Binding of the cytosol receptor to the adsorbent depends on whether the receptor had previously been partially purified by heparin‐Ultrogel chromatography or treated with low or high salt concentration or trypsin. It was demonstrated that aggregation decreases the binding of the receptor to the adsorbents. (5) A satisfactory recovery of receptor upon elution is possible only with biospecific adsorbents containing low concentrations of coupled steroid (≤ 0.2 mg/ml). The use of these adsorbents for the purification of the trypsin‐treated receptor directly from cytosol allowed a 2500‐fold purification corresponding to 5% pure protein (assuming one oestradiol binding site per molecule of M r , 60000). When starting from a low salt preparation containing the native 8‐S receptor, partially purified by heparin‐Ultrogel chromatography, preliminary experiments using affinity chromatography gave a further purification of 250–500‐fold and led to a 50–90% pure protein (assuming one oestradiol binding site per molecule of M r 70000).
Two-dimensional position detection system with MEMS accelerometer for mouse applications (2002)

A hybrid two-dimensional position sensing system is designed for mouse applications. The system measures the acceleration of hand-movements which are converted into two-dimensional location coordinates. The system consists of four major components: 1) MEMS accelerometers, 2) CMOS analog read-out circuitry 3) an acceleration magnitude extraction module, and 4) a 16-bit RISC microprocessor. Mechanical and analog circuit simulation shows that the designed padless mouse system can detect accelerations as small as 5.3 mg and operate up to 18 MHz.
Reduced Expression of miRNA-27a Modulates Cisplatin Resistance in Bladder Cancer by Targeting the Cystine/Glutamate Exchanger SLC7A11 (2014)

Our findings indicate that miRNA-27a negatively regulates SLC7A11 in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer, and shows promise as a marker for patients likely to benefit from cisplatin-based chemotherapy. SLC7A11 inhibition with sulfasalazine may be a promising therapeutic approach to the treatment of cisplatin-resistant disease.
Spatially and temporally controlled gene transfer by electroporation into adherent cells on plasmid DNA-loaded electrodes (2004)

Functional characterization of human genes is one of the most challenging tasks in current genomics. Owing to a large number of newly discovered genes, high-throughput methodologies are greatly needed to express in parallel each gene in living cells. To develop a method that allows efficient transfection of plasmids into adherent cells in spatial- and temporal-specific manners, we studied electric pulse-triggered gene transfer using a plasmid-loaded electrode. A plasmid was loaded on a gold electrode surface having an adsorbed layer of poly(ethyleneimine), and cells were then plated directly onto this modified surface. The plasmid was detached from the electrode by applying a short electric pulse and introduced into the cells cultured on the electrode, resulting in efficient gene expression, even in primary cultured cells. The location of transfected cells could be restricted within a small area on a micropatterned electrode, showing the versatility of the method for spatially controlled transfection. Plasmid transfection could also be performed in a temporally controlled manner without a marked loss of the efficiency when an electric pulse was applied within 3 days after cell plating. The method described here will provide an efficient means to transfer multiple genes, in parallel, into cultured mammalian cells for high-throughput reverse genetics research.
The strength of weak learnability (1989)

The problem of improving the accuracy of a hypothesis output by a learning algorithm in the distribution-free learning model is considered. A concept class is learnable (or strongly learnable) if, given access to a source of examples from the unknown concept, the learner with high probability is able to output a hypothesis that is correct on all but an arbitrarily small fraction of the instances. The concept class is weakly learnable if the learner can produce a hypothesis that forms only slightly better than random guessing. It is shown that these two notions of learnability are equivalent. An explicit method is described for directly converting a weak learning algorithm into one that achieves arbitrarily high accuracy. This construction may have practical applications as a tool for efficiently converting a mediocre learning algorithm into one that performs extremely well. In addition, the construction has some interesting theoretical consequences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SRAM leakage suppression by minimizing standby supply voltage (2004)

Suppressing the leakage current in memories is critical in low-power design. By reducing the standby supply voltage (V/sub DD/) to its limit, which is the data retention voltage (DRV), leakage power can be substantially reduced. This paper explores how low DRV can be in a standard low leakage SRAM module and analyzes how DRV is affected by parameters such as process variations, chip temperature, and transistor sizing. An analytical model for DRV as a function of process and design parameters is presented, and forms the basis for further design space explorations. This model is verified using simulations as well as measurements from a 4 kB SRAM chip in a 0.13 /spl mu/m technology. It is demonstrated that an SRAM cell state can be preserved at sub-300 mV standby VDD, with more than 90% leakage power savings.
Gas-Sterilized Cadaver Bone Grafts for Spinal Fusion Operations (1980)

Cadaver bone for spinal fusion operations is as safe as autografts. The author's 35 years' experience using cadaver bone for interbody spinal fusion operations has led to the development of a simplified bone bank method. Unsterile bone removed from young, fresh cadavers is cut into appropriate sizes and shapes, washed clean, packaged and sterilized with ethylene oxide gas, then aerated and stored at room temperature. The results of spinal fusion, both cervical and lumbar, using 187 gas-sterilized bone grafts in 58 patients operated on over the past year and half, were reviewed and compared with fusions using autografts or banked bone from proven methods. The rate and percentage of fusion of gas-sterilized bone was comparable to other bone grafts with no untoward complications.
Preparation of Polysubstituted Isochromanes by Addition of ortho-Lithiated Aryloxiranes to Enaminones (2013)

The reaction of ortho-lithiated aryloxiranes with various enaminones straightforwardly affords new functionalized isochromanes as mixtures of two epimeric stereoisomers in reasonable to very good yields (50-90%). The two diastereomers, which show a high structural variability, can be easily separated by column chromatography.
Starch-Polyacrylonitrile Copolymers. Properties of Hydrogels (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStarch-Polyacrylonitrile Copolymers. Properties of HydrogelsE. B. Bagley and N. W. TaylorCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1975, 14, 2, 105–107Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360054a010https://doi.org/10.1021/i360054a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Absence of cyclin D/cdk complexes in cells lacking functional retinoblastoma protein. (1994)

Cyclins D1, D2 and D3 are thought to function in the G1 phase of the cell division cycle by regulating the activity of cyclin-dependent protein kinases. All three D-type cyclins can be shown to associate with two specific kinases, cdk4 and cdk6, providing at least six possible combinations. To establish whether different cell types require different subsets of these complexes and whether they are altered in tumours where D-cyclin expression is perturbed, we surveyed a series of tumour cell lines and compared them where possible to non-tumorigenic counterparts. Although complexes involving cdk4 or cdk6 were readily observed in many of the cell lines, no complexes were detectable in human cells harbouring DNA tumour virus oncoproteins or in which the retinblastoma gene product (pRb) is mutated or missing. These data suggest that as well as being a potential substrate for D-cyclin-kinases, functional pRb contributes to the formation or stability of the complexes, at least in human cells.
The Analysis of Critical Duration of uncontrolled single detention facility in Small Catchment (2005)

The objective of this study is to evaluate the critical duration between detention facility and flood control facility of small size catchment. 4 small size catchments are applied for hydrological analysis and rainfall excess is computed by using the NRCS Runoff Curve Number method. The critical duration of detention facility and flood control facility is evaluated using the concept of allowable release rate. The conclusions studied in this study are as follows; (1) The type of temporal pattern of design rainfall which causes maximum storage ratio has resulted in Huff's 2 quartile in case of the use of the concept of allowable release rate. (2) Based on (1) of conclusion, the critical durations of flood control facility are similar to those of detention facility, which is used for uncontrolled single detention pond.
Molecular mechanisms possibly affecting WT1 function in human ovarian tumors (1994)

The frequent allelic deletions observed on the short arm of chromosome 11 in ovarian tumors suggest that the WT1 gene, a proposed tumor-suppressor gene located on chromosome 11p13 and expressed in the human fetal genitourinary system, may contribute to the development of ovarian neoplasms. Structural and sequence analysis of the entire coding portions of the WT1 gene did not reveal any abnormalities in the 20 ovarian tumor specimens (13 of which showed 11p13 allelic deletions) and 5 cell lines which we analyzed. These findings invalidate the hypothesis that the WT1 gene functions as a classical tumor-suppressor gene in ovarian tumorigenesis and suggest that a different recessive oncogene may be "exposed" by the observed 11p13 allelic deletions. Expression analysis showed that the WT1 gene was transcriptionally active in all the tumors tested, but considerable variations in the mRNA levels were found. This apparent variability, which should be confirmed at the cellular level in the tumor specimens, was also observed in the ovarian tumor-cell lines. Finally, WT1 expression data were evaluated in conjunction with immunohistochemical data on p53. The possible functional effects of altered WT1 mRNA expression in ovarian tumors are discussed, taking into account the potential WT1/p53 protein interaction.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs repress β-secretase gene promoter activity by the activation of PPARγ (2006)

Epidemiological evidence suggests that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decrease the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Certain NSAIDs can activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), which is a nuclear transcriptional regulator. Here we show that PPARgamma depletion potentiates beta-secretase [beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE1)] mRNA levels by increasing BACE1 gene promoter activity. Conversely, overexpression of PPARgamma, as well as NSAIDs and PPARgamma activators, reduced BACE1 gene promoter activity. These results suggested that PPARgamma could be a repressor of BACE1. We then identified a PPARgamma responsive element (PPRE) in the BACE1 gene promoter. Mutagenesis of the PPRE abolished the binding of PPARgamma to the PPRE and increased BACE1 gene promoter activity. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokines decreased PPARgamma gene transcription, and this effect was supressed by NSAIDs. We also demonstrate that in vivo treatment with PPARgamma agonists increased PPARgamma and reduced BACE1 mRNA and intracellular beta-amyloid levels. Interestingly, brain extracts from AD patients showed decreased PPARgamma expression and binding to PPRE in the BACE1 gene promoter. Our data strongly support a major role of PPARgamma in the modulation of amyloid-beta generation by inflammation and suggest that the protective mechanism of NSAIDs in AD involves activation of PPARgamma and decreased BACE1 gene transcription.
Vaccination as a Therapeutic Approach to Alzheimer's Disease (2010)

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Alzheimer's disease is a member of a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases characterized pathologically by the conformational change of a normal protein into a pathological conformer with a high beta-sheet content that renders it neurotoxic. In the case of Alzheimer's disease, the normal soluble amyloid beta peptide is converted into oligomeric/fibrillar amyloid beta. The oligomeric forms of amyloid beta have been hypothesized to be the most toxic, whereas fibrillar amyloid beta becomes deposited as amyloid plaques and congophilic angiopathy, which both serve as neuropathological markers of the disease. In addition, the accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau as soluble toxic oligomers and as neurofibrillary tangles is a critical part of the pathology. Numerous therapeutic interventions are under investigation to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease. Among the most exciting and advanced of these approaches is vaccination. Immunomodulation is being tried for a range of neurodegenerative disorders, with great success being reported in most model animal trials; however, the much more limited human data have shown more modest clinical success so far, with encephalitis occurring in a minority of patients treated with active immunization. The immunomodulatory approaches for neurodegenerative diseases involve targeting a self-protein, albeit in an abnormal conformation; hence, effective enhanced clearance of the disease-associated conformer has to be balanced with the potential risk of stimulating excessive toxic inflammation within the central nervous system. The design of future immunomodulatory approaches that are more focused is dependent on addressing a number of questions, including when is the best time to start immunization, what are the most appropriate targets for vaccination, and is amyloid central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease or is it critical to target tau-related pathology also. In this review, we discuss the past experience with vaccination for Alzheimer's disease and the development of possible future strategies that target both amyloid beta-related and tau-related pathologies.
EMBRYO MANIPULATION AND GENE TRANSFER IN LIVESTOCK (1985)

In the past few years significant progress has been made in manipulation of reproduction and in development of genetic engineering techniques which can be applied to animal species. Artificial insemination and embryo transfer are now used widely in the livestock industry. The advent of non-surgical embryo collection and transfer, embryo freezing and splitting along with estrus synchronization has allowed the industry to move from the laboratory to the farm. Embryo manipulation now involves embryo splitting to produce monozygotic twins, in vitro fertilization, cross-species fertilization, embryo sexing, and chimeric production of tetraparental animals among others. Advances in recombinant DNA, plasmid construction and embryo manipulation technologies allow the production of genetically engineered animals. The application of recombinant DNA technology involves the isolation and manipulation of desired genes which have potential for significant changes in productivity in genetically engineered livestock. Recombinant DNA constructs involve the coupling of promoter, enhancer, regulatory and structural DNA sequences to form a "fusion gene" which can then be multiplied, purified, assayed and expressed in cell culture prior to being introduced into an animal genome. Such DNA gene constructs are readily available for many human and mouse genes. However, they are not readily available for livestock species because the detailed molecular biology has not yet been established in these species. Gene transfer offers a powerful new tool in animal research. Transfer of genes into the bovine genome has been accomplished. However, successful directed expression of these incorporated genes has not been achieved to date. New combinations of fusion genes may be an effective way of producing transgenic domestic animals which show controlled expression of the desired genes. Embryo manipulation and genetic engineering in livestock species is moving rapidly. The problems being addressed at present in numerous laboratories will result in enhanced livestock production in the not too distant future. Key words: Embryo transfer, embryo manipulation, transgenic livestock, genetic engineering, gene transfer, monozygotic twins
Fetal response to cardiopulmonary bypass. (1980)

The fetal heart rate (FHR) was continuously monitored by ultrasonography during a mitral valve replacement in a patient at 22 weeks' gestation. The changes in FHR were analyzed in relationship to events of cardiopulmonary bypass. The baseline FHR dropped substantially during bypass with initial loss of variability. After the pump run, a brief episode of fetal tachycardia was followed by stabilization to preoperative levels. The patient delivered at 30 weeks' gestation and the infant did well.
A Short Enantioselective Pathway for the Synthesis of the Anti-Influenza Neuramidase Inhibitor Oseltamivir from 1,3-Butadiene and Acrylic Acid (2006)

A short synthetic pathway has been developed for the synthesis of oseltamivir (1) or the enantiomer (ent-1). The intermediates and conditions for this process are summarized in Scheme 1. The synthesis provides a number of advantages: (1) use of inexpensive and abundant starting materials; (2) complete enantio-, regio-, and diastereocontrol; (3) avoidance of explosive, azide-type intermediates; (4) good overall yield (ca. 30%, still not completely optimized); and (5) scalability.
Escherichia coli K5 antigen in relation to various infections and in healthy individuals (1984)

A phage specific for Escherichia coli K5 antigen was used to determine the frequency of K5 in strains of E. coli isolated from cases of sepsis, meningitis, and urinary tract infection (pyelonephritis, cystitis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria), as well as from fecal samples of healthy subjects. Although entirely absent from meningitic strains, K5 was found to be one of the most common E. coli capsular antigens, especially in strains causing sepsis. K5 was less common in the fecal strains of healthy subjects than in strains causing various urinary tract infections, between which there was no significant difference in its frequency. Thus, even if K5 is a less important antigen than K1 in the etiology of acute pyelonephritis or acute meningitis, as the fifth most commonly occurring K antigen in E. coli strains causing urinary tract infection it should be included as a component in any K antigen-based vaccine against acute pyelonephritis.
SEL1L Affects Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Cycle and Invasiveness through Modulation of PTEN and Genes Related to Cell-Matrix Interactions (2005)

Previously, it was reported that SEL1L is able to decrease the aggressive behavior of human pancreatic tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. To gain insights into the involvement of SEL1L in tumor invasion, we performed gene expression analysis on the pancreatic cancer cell line Suit-2 subjected to two complementary strategies: upregulation and downregulation of SEL1L expression by stable transfection of the entire cDNA under an inducible promoter and by RNA-mediated interference. SuperArray and real-time analysis revealed that SEL1L modulates the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors TIMP1 (P < .04-.03) and TIMP2 (P < .03-.05), and the PTEN gene (P < .03-.05). Gene expression modulations correlate with the decrease in invasive ability (P < .05) and in accumulation of SEL1L-expressing cells in G1. Taken together, our data indicate that SEL1L alters the expression of mediators involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix by creating a microenvironment that is unfavorable to invasive growth and by affecting cell cycle progression through promotion of G1 accumulation.