gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
tRNA Nuclear Export inSaccharomyces cerevisiae: In Situ Hybridization Analysis (1998)

To understand the factors specifically affecting tRNA nuclear export, we adapted in situ hybridization procedures to locate endogenous levels of individual tRNA families in wild-type and mutant yeast cells. Our studies of tRNAs encoded by genes lacking introns show that nucleoporin Nup116p affects both poly(A) RNA and tRNA export, whereas Nup159p affects only poly(A) RNA export. Los1p is similar to exportin-t, which facilitates vertebrate tRNA export. A los1 deletion mutation affects tRNA but not poly(A) RNA export. The data support the notion that Los1p and exportin-t are functional homologues. Because LOS1 is nonessential, tRNA export in vertebrate and yeast cells likely involves factors in addition to exportin-t. Mutation of RNA1, which encodes RanGAP, causes nuclear accumulation of tRNAs and poly(A) RNA. Many yeast mutants, including those with the rna1-1 mutation, affect both pre-tRNA splicing and RNA export. Our studies of the location of intron-containing pre-tRNAs in the rna1-1 mutant rule out the possibility that this results from tRNA export occurring before splicing. Our results also argue against inappropriate subnuclear compartmentalization causing defects in pre-tRNA splicing. Rather, the data support "feedback" of nucleus/cytosol exchange to the pre-tRNA splicing machinery.
Prognostic value of estrogen receptor status can be improved by combined evaluation of p53, Bcl2 and PgR expression: an immunohistochemical study on breast carcinoma with long-term follow-up. (1999)

Steroid receptor analysis is the only widely accepted prognostic/predictive marker in breast cancer (BC) treatment. In the present study we evaluated the prognostic role of ER/PgR with p53 and Bcl2, in a series of 277 BC (153 pN1/2, 122 pNO, 2 pNx) with a long-term follow-up (67 months for DFS, 75 months for OS). Our results, besides confirming the usefulness of ER immunohistochemical expression as a prognostic marker, showed that PgR expression alone had a borderline/not significant prognostic value in the whole series (p=0.08 for DFS and p=0.09 for OS), while showed to be prognostic in N+ cases (p=0.02 for DFS and p=0.03 for OS). PgR prognostic value, however, was not independent at the multivariate analysis. By combining ER with PgR, p53 and Bcl2, we showed that ER/p53 and ER/Bcl2 phenotypes had a better discriminant role than ER/PgR phenotype. The ER+/p53+ phenotype was at higher risk of relapse/death as compared with ER+/p53- phenotype. Conversely ER-/p53+ phenotype showed the most unfavourable prognosis. Similar results could be observed concerning ER/Bcl2 phenotypes. Our study showed that the combined evaluation of ER/PgR weakly enhanced the prognostic/predictive power of ER status alone. On the contrary, the combined evaluation of ER/p53 and ER/Bcl2, improved this prognostic/predictive capability and allowed the separation of ER positive and ER negative cases into subgroups with different prognosis.
Tumor-reactive, SSX-2-specific CD8+ T cells are selectively expanded during immune responses to antigen-expressing tumors in melanoma patients. (2003)

The SSX-2 gene encodes a tumor-specific antigen expressed in neoplasms of various histological types. By analyzing a tumor-infiltrated lymph node of a melanoma patient bearing an SSX-2-expressing tumor, we have recently identified the first SSX-2-derived CD8(+) T-cell epitope, that corresponds to peptide SSX-2(41-49), and is recognized by specific CTL in an HLA-A2 restricted fashion. Here, we have used fluorescent HLA-A2/SSX-2(41-49) peptide multimeric complexes to analyze the response to SSX-2(41-49) in melanoma patients and healthy donors. Multimer(+) CD8(+) T cells were readily detected in the majority of patients bearing SSX-2-expressing tumors and, at lower proportions, in patients with nonexpressing tumors and healthy donors. Importantly, isolated A2/SSX-2(41-49) multimer(+) CD8(+) T cells exhibited a large functional heterogeneity in terms of antigen recognition and tumor reactivity. SSX-2-specific CTLs isolated from tumor-infiltrated lymph node of antigen-expressing patients as well as from the corresponding peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited high functional avidity of antigen recognition and efficiently recognized antigen-expressing tumors. In contrast, SSX-2-specific CTLs isolated from patients with undetectable responses in the tumor-infiltrated lymph node, as well as from healthy donors, recognized the antigen with decreased functional avidity and were not tumor reactive. Together, these data indicate that CD8(+) T-cell responses to SSX-2(41-49) frequently occur in SSX-2-expressing melanoma patients and suggest that SSX-2(41-49)-specific CTLs of high avidity and tumor reactivity are selectively expanded during immune responses to SSX-2-expressing tumors in vivo.
The positive temperature coefficient phenomenon of vinyl polymer/CB composites (1993)

Abstract In this paper, the results of a systematic study of carbon black (CB)‐filled conducting polymer positive and negative temperature coefficient (PTC/NTC) effects are report. The conductivity of the composites jumps by several orders of magnitude at the critical value of carbon black. This critical value, ø c , decreases with the increase of melt index and degree of crystallinity of the polymer. The crystalline lamellae just “modify” the distribution of carbon black and make the dispersion heterogeneous. Radiation cross‐linking enhances the PTC intensity and decreases the NTC effect of the materials. The electrical reproducibility of compounds is improved by the cross‐linking structure that reduces the freedom of carbon black movement at high temperature. The NTC phenomenon is related to the carbon black coagulation that facilitates electrical conduction at high temperature. The larger the melt index, the more easily carbon black coagulates. A new model was set up to explain the results successfully. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
The Fibrillar Collagen Family (2010)

Collagens, or more precisely collagen-based extracellular matrices, are often considered as a metazoan hallmark. Among the collagens, fibrillar collagens are present from sponges to humans, and are involved in the formation of the well-known striated fibrils. In this review we discuss the different steps in the evolution of this protein family, from the formation of an ancestral fibrillar collagen gene to the formation of different clades. Genomic data from the choanoflagellate (sister group of Metazoa) Monosiga brevicollis, and from diploblast animals, have suggested that the formation of an ancestral α chain occurred before the metazoan radiation. Phylogenetic studies have suggested an early emergence of the three clades that were first described in mammals. Hence the duplication events leading to the formation of the A, B and C clades occurred before the eumetazoan radiation. Another important event has been the two rounds of “whole genome duplication” leading to the amplification of fibrillar collagen gene numbers, and the importance of this diversification in developmental processes. We will also discuss some other aspects of fibrillar collagen evolution such as the development of the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of procollagen molecules and of striated fibrils.
Efficient Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV)‐1 Gag‐Env Pseudovirion Formation Elicited from Mammalian Cells by a Canarypox HIV Vaccine Candidate (1999)

Canarypox viruses undergo abortive replication in mammalian cells. Despite this restriction on replication in mammalian cells, significant immune responses have been shown in animals and in humans receiving recombinant canarypox vaccine vectors expressing heterologous immunogens. A recombinant canarypox vaccine candidate (vCP205), which expresses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Gag, Env, and protease proteins, is presently under investigation in phase I and phase II human trials in the United States and elsewhere. In this study, the ability of vCP205 to elicit HIV Gag-Env pseudovirion formation in avian and mammalian cells was investigated. Gag-Env pseudovirions were produced from both avian and mammalian cell lines infected by this vaccine vector. A subset of mammalian cells was identified in which pseudovirion production and release was very efficient, surpassing the production from infected avian cells. The production of Gag-Env pseudovirions by canarypox HIV vaccine vectors may have important implications for future HIV vaccine design.
Evolution and multilevel optimization of the genetic code (2007)

The discovery of the genetic code was one of the most important advances of modern biology. But there is more to a DNA code than protein sequence; DNA carries signals for splicing, localization, folding, and regulation that are often embedded within the protein-coding sequence. In this issue, Itzkovitz and Alon show that the specific 64-to-20 mapping found in the genetic code may have been optimized for permitting protein-coding regions to carry this extra information and suggest that this property may have evolved as a side benefit of selection to minimize the negative effects of frameshift errors.
High-Purity Separation of Rare Species in Droplet Microfluidics using Droplet-Conduit Structures (2009)

We present a technique to achieve high-purity isolation of the target species in electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD)-based droplet microfluidics by forming a long and slender liquid path between droplets that acts as a "conduit" for actively transported target species, while minimizing non-specific transport due to diffusion and fluidic movement. By stabilizing the conduit chemically (e.g., using surfactants) and controlling the fluid by EWOD, we demonstrate, as an example, very high magnetic bead (MB) collection efficiency (≫ 99%) while eliminating ~97% non-magnetic beads (nonMBs) in just one separation step.
Fusion of a Kinase Gene, ALK , to a Nucleolar Protein Gene, NPM , in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (1994)

The 2;5 chromosomal translocation occurs in most anaplastic large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas arising from activated T lymphocytes. This rearrangement was shown to fuse the NPM nucleolar phosphoprotein gene on chromosome 5q35 to a previously unidentified protein tyrosine kinase gene, ALK, on chromosome 2p23. In the predicted hybrid protein, the amino terminus of nucleophosmin (NPM) is linked to the catalytic domain of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Expressed in the small intestine, testis, and brain but not in normal lymphoid cells, ALK shows greatest sequence similarity to the insulin receptor subfamily of kinases. Unscheduled expression of the truncated ALK may contribute to malignant transformation in these lymphomas.
Dissociation of Mammalian Polyribosomes into Subunits by Puromycin (1971)

Hepatic ribosomes have been dissociated into biologically active subunits as follows. Polysomes were treated at 0 degrees C with puromycin at high ionic strength. This released most of the nascent polypeptide chains without dissociating the polysomes, which retained the mRNA and the tRNA moiety of peptidyl tRNA, but were unable to continue the translation of mRNA. The polysomes were then heated to 37 degrees C, when they dissociated completely into subunits. Similar treatment without puromycin resulted in only partial dissociation.
Level of Expression of the Tomato rbcS-3A Gene Is Modulated by a Far Upstream Promoter Element in a Developmentally Regulated Manner (1989)

Takashi Ueda, Eran Pichersky, Vedpal S. Malik, Anthony R. Cashmore, Level of Expression of the Tomato rbcS-3A Gene Is Modulated by a Far Upstream Promoter Element in a Developmentally Regulated Manner, The Plant Cell, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Feb., 1989), pp. 217-227
Effect of Hydrofiber(R) wound dressings on bacterial ultrastructure (2008)

Ionic silver has well-proven bactericidal properties, and silver-containing wound dressings are now widely used to aid in the creation of an antimicrobial environment in wounds. The effect of silver ions on bacterial ultrastructure can best be studied by viewing bacterial cells under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Bacterial cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were incubated within a control dressing (e.g. a non-antimicrobial Hydrofiber dressing) (Hydrofiber is a registered trademark of E.R. Squibb and Sons, L.L.C.) and a silver-containing Hydrofiber dressing, followed by processing for TEM. Liquid cultures, with and without silver, were prepared for comparison. The addition of silver to growing bacterial cultures stopped growth of the cells very quickly. Ultrastructurally, the presence of silver was found to affect both the shape of the bacterial nucleoid and the organization of bacterial DNA. X-ray microanalysis of bacteria from liquid cultures showed the presence of silver within silver-treated cells and the absence of calcium. It is suggested that the presence of available silver ions within the Hydrofiber dressing could lead to the loss of cellular ions, vital for maintaining the structural integrity of the nuclear area.
Tumor Behavior in Isolated Perfused Organs (1966)

FOLKMAN, JUDAH M.D.; COLE, PETER M.B., CH.B., F.R.C.S.; ZIMMERMAN, SHIRLEY M.T. (ASCP) Author Information
Vitamin E inhibits CD95 ligand expression and protects T cells from activation-induced cell death (2002)

Apoptosis is a morphologically distinct form of cell death involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Expression of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) ligand (CD95L) is critically involved in activation-induced cell death (AICD) of activated T cells. Here we show that the natural free radical scavenger vitamin E suppresses the activity of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1, thus blocking expression of CD95L and preventing T cell AICD. Since AICD is a major cause of T cell depletion in AIDS, we examined 35 HIV-1–positive individuals and found that their T cells are more susceptible to AICD than are T cells isolated from healthy controls. Administration of vitamin E suppresses CD95L mRNA expression and protects T cells of HIV-1–infected individuals from CD95-mediated apoptosis. This evidence that vitamin E can affect T cell survival may merit further clinical investigation.
A unified Push Notifications service for mobile devices (2015)

Push Notifications are widely used in a variety of platforms like GSM, CDMA for various applications servers to communicate with their clients to give real time updates without any pull strategy. They are also used by different service providers to advertise their services to users. However the notifications from different providers are not integrated at the platform level. In this paper we present a unified push service from multiple platforms on a mobile device. Our service provides a generalized interface to accommodate any kind of new push platform. As the service is a unified background service, additional features can be developed to benefit the users and content providers, as well as provide relevant data to applications. Applications have the option to either process the new push messages directly or to send the messages to the notification center without processing, thus enabling power and performance optimization for mobile devices. The service can be used by all the apps and individual mobile applications need not poll separately for information, thus saving power and memory at the device. The service also supports multiple push platforms at the same time. We provide a few unique use cases where this kind of unified service for push notifications can be useful. Finally, we present the results of a few experiments to study the performance metrics of our push architecture, including the latency of receiving push notifications from different sources on the device, as well as the memory consumed by applications using the unified push platform.
Genetic methods for detection of antimicrobial resistance (2004)

Accurate and rapid diagnostic methods are needed to guide antimicrobial therapy and infection control interventions. Advances in real-time PCR have provided a user-friendly, rapid and reproducible testing platform catalysing an increased use of genetic assays as part of a wider strategy to minimize the development and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. In this review we outline the principal features of genetic assays in the detection of antimicrobial resistance, their advantages and limitations, and discuss specific applications in the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, glycopeptide-resistant enterococci, aminoglycoside resistance in staphylococci and enterococci, broad-spectrum resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria, as well as genetic elements involved in the assembly and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Multifunctional adamantane derivatives as new scaffolds for the multipresentation of bioactive peptides (2014)

The remarkable structural and chemical properties of adamantane afford attractive opportunities to design various adamantane-based scaffolds for biomedical applications. A wide range of mono-functionalized adamantane compounds have already been investigated and reviewed, mostly as anti-viral agents. The four bridgehead positions of adamantane provide many possibilities to design poly-functional derivatives, and the recent conception of adamantane building blocks with multiple substituents has shown promising applications in several domains. In this review, we provide a detailed description of the different ways to synthesize multifunctional derivatives starting from adamantane molecule as the main core. We will then describe the interesting biological activity of the diverse multivalent scaffolds, focusing in particular on peptide-based systems. The results reported here will certainly encourage the development of novel adamantane-based structures for biological purposes.
Sequence Analysis of the Cloned glossy8 Gene of Maize Suggests That It May Code for a β-Ketoacyl Reductase Required for the Biosynthesis of Cuticular Waxes (1997)

The gl8 locus of maize (Zea mays L.) was previously defined by a mutation that reduces the amount and alters the composition of seedling cuticular waxes. Sixty independently derived gl8 mutant alleles were isolated from stocks that carried the Mutator transposon system. A DNA fragment that contains a Mu8 transposon and that co-segregates with one of these alleles, gl8-Mu3142, was identified and cloned. DNA flanking the Mu8 transposon was shown via allelic cross-referencing experiments to represent the gl8 locus. The gl8 probe revealed a 1.4-kb transcript present in wild-type seedling leaves and, in lesser amounts, in other organs and at other developmental stages. The amino acid sequence deduced from an apparently full-length gl8 cDNA exhibits highly significant sequence similarity to a group of enzymes from plants, eubacteria, and mammals that catalyzes the reduction of ketones. This finding suggests that the GL8 protein probably functions as a reductase during fatty acid elongation in the cuticular wax biosynthetic pathway.
DVB conditional access (1996)

The DVB project&apos;s development of common elements of conditional access technology for digital TV is described, including the common scrambling system, Simulcrypt and the common interface. The regulation of conditional access activity in Europe through a European directive built on a DVB consensus position is outlined and the initial market development at the date of writing is described.
Biological Treatments in Atopic Dermatitis (2015)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases that affect both children and adults with a prevalence of 30% and 10%, respectively. Even though most of patients respond satisfactory to topical anti-inflammatory drugs, about 10% require one or more systemic treatments to achieve good control of their illness. The progressive and increasingly detailed knowledge in the immunopathogenesis of AD has allowed research on new therapeutic targets with very promising results in the field of biological therapy. In this article, we will review the different biological treatments with a focus on novel drugs. Their mechanism of action, current status and results from clinical trials and observational studies will be specified.
A New Method to Isolate Polyalkylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticle Preparations (1995)

A simple method for the separation of polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles was developed using polyisohexylcyanoacrylate (PIHCA) as a model. Fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 70 was used to label the nanoparticles. Ultracentrifugation onto a performed sucrose gradient allowed the easy elimination of the dextran and of the free molecules remaining in the upper phase. After such treatment, the physicochemical characteristics of the PIHCA nanoparticles were not modified. This method could be usefully extended to other types of nanoparticles.
Low Serum Magnesium and the Development of Atrial Fibrillation in the Community (2012)

Low serum magnesium is moderately associated with the development of AF in individuals without cardiovascular disease. Because hypomagnesemia is common in the general population, a link with AF may have potential clinical implications. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Extracellular vesicles: Exosomes, microvesicles, and friends (2013)

Cells release into the extracellular environment diverse types of membrane vesicles of endosomal and plasma membrane origin called exosomes and microvesicles, respectively. These extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an important mode of intercellular communication by serving as vehicles for transfer between cells of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, and RNA. Deficiencies in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms for EV formation and lack of methods to interfere with the packaging of cargo or with vesicle release, however, still hamper identification of their physiological relevance in vivo. In this review, we focus on the characterization of EVs and on currently proposed mechanisms for their formation, targeting, and function.
The Effect of Temperature on Water Vapor Sorption by Some Amorphous Pharmaceutical Sugars (1999)

To determine the effect of temperature on the water vapor sorption behavior of some amorphous pharmaceutical sugars, aqueous solutions of sucrose, lactose, trehalose, and raffinose were freeze-dried using a conventional laboratory lyophilizer. The amorphous sugars formed were stored for several months at 5, 30, and 50 degrees C and at a range of relative humidities (0-90% RH). After equilibration the extent of water vapor sorption was determined gravimetrically, and the presence of any crystalline material was determined. A significant amount of water was sorbed by each of the amorphous sugars even at moderate humidities. In every system studied, lowering the storage temperature at any given relative humidity caused an increased quantity of water to be sorbed. This indicated the predominance of an exothermic water vapor sorption process. Spontaneous crystallization of all the sugars occurred at elevated RHs, and the onset of crystallization did not necessarily coincide with attainment of the water content of the final crystalline forms(s) or the reduction of the sugars' glass transition temperature to ambient conditions. Notably, the amorphous and crystalline forms of some sugars were able to coexist in a quasi-equilibrium state under certain temperature and humidity conditions.