gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complement in Sickle Cell Disease: Are We Ready for Prime Time? (2021)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a widely spread inherited hemoglobinopathy that includes a group of congenital hemolytic anemias, all characterized by the predominance of sickle hemoglobin (HbS). Its features are anemia, predisposal to bacterial infections and complications such as vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) or delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR), which lead to increased rate of morbidity and mortality even in the era of hydroxyurea. The interaction between sickle cells, neutrophils, platelets or endothelial cells in small vessels results in hemolysis and has been considered the disease's main pathophysiological mechanism. Complement activation has been reported in small cohorts of SCD patients, but the governing mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This will be important to predict the patient group that would benefit from complement inhibition. Until now, eculizumab-mediated complement inhibition has shown beneficial effects in DHTR, with limited reports in patients with VOC. In the meantime, several innovative agents are under clinical development Our state-of-the-art review summarizes current data on 1) complement activation in SCD both in steady state and crisis, 2) underlying mechanisms of complement over-activation for the clinician in the context of SCD, 3) actions of hydroxyurea and new therapeutic approaches including indirect involvement in complement activation, and 4) novel paradigms in complement inhibition.
Concrete Bridge Deck Condition Assessment Guidelines (2005)

Although the substructures and superstructures of bridges in Utah are in relatively good structural condition, the bridge decks are experiencing observable deterioration due to the routine application of deicing salts and repeated freeze-thaw cycling. This manual describes condition assessment methods and threshold values that may be used to determine whether rehabilitation or replacement of a given bridge deck is more appropriate when the severity and extent of deterioration warrant deck improvement. Threshold values given in the manual are based on a questionnaire survey conducted of state departments of transportation nationwide, as well as on standards and guidelines published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and Strategic Highway Research Program.
A comparison between low background silver diammine and silver nitrate protein stains (1992)

Several methods of silver staining of proteins after sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels were compared. The most rapid methods were found to be less sensitive than more time-consuming methods. Among the long methods, those using glutaraldehyde treatment of the gel and silver diammine complex as the silvering agent were found to be the most sensitive, at the expense of the use of a modified polyacrylamide matrix and higher silver concentrations.
Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors Modify the Inflammatory Response of Human Macrophages and Endothelial Cells Infected With Chlamydia pneumoniae (2000)

CSE inhibitors modify the inflammatory response of human immune cells to C. pneumoniae. This finding could be relevant for the therapeutic potential of CSE statins in patients with atherosclerosis and C. pneumoniae infection.
An antipodean view of higher definition television (1988)

The progress towards a higher definition television standard is assessed from an Australian perspective. The author deals with scanning formats, system definition and related issues. He considers the status of the subject as represented by the Documents (Doc.) at the CCIR Interim Meeting, Study Group 11 (SG11) held in Geneva, Oct./Nov. 1987. >
Genetic Analysis of Inherited Hypertension in the Rat (2000)

Blood pressure is a quantitative trait that has a strong genetic component in humans and rats. Several selectively bred strains of rats with divergent blood pressures serve as an animal model for genetic dissection of the causes of inherited hypertension. The goal is to identify the genetic loci controlling blood pressure, i.e., the so-called quantitative trait loci (QTL). The theoretical basis for such genetic dissection and recent progress in understanding genetic hypertension are reviewed. The usual paradigm is to produce segregating populations derived from a hypertensive and normotensive strain and to seek linkage of blood pressure to genetic markers using recently developed statistical techniques for QTL analysis. This has yielded candidate QTL regions on almost every rat chromosome, and also some interactions between QTL have been defined. These statistically defined QTL regions are much too large to practice positional cloning to identify the genes involved. Most investigators are, therefore, fine mapping the QTL using congenic strains to substitute small segments of chromosome from one strain into another. Although impressive progress has been made, this process is slow due to the extensive breeding that is required. At this point, no blood pressure QTL have met stringent criteria for identification, but this should be an attainable goal given the recently developed genomic resources for the rat. Similar experiments are ongoing to look for genes that influence cardiac hypertrophy, stroke, and renal failure and that are independent of the genes for hypertension.
Screening for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Lung Cancer (2009)

Large-scale screening of patients with lung cancer for EGFR mutations is feasible and can have a role in decisions about treatment.
On the Significance of Cytokinin Incorporation into RNA (1968)

The clarification of the following 2 questions was attempted: (a) are cytokinins precursors in the formation of sRNA, (b) is the observed incorporation of cytokinins into sRNA related to the action of the hormone? Although Escherichia coli contains cytokinins in its sRNA, no cytokinin auxotroph mutants of E. coli could be found and the statistical probability for the existence of such mutants is extremely low. This suggests that cytokinins are not precursors in the synthesis of sRNA. A radioactive cytokinin, 6-benzylamino-9-methyl-purine was synthesized and it was tested whether or not it is incorporated into sRNA of soybean callus tissue. Masking the 9-position of the purine inhibited the incorporation of this cytokinin into RNA while not affecting its biological activity. This is taken as an indication that the observed incorporation of cytokinins such as benzyladenine into sRNA is not related to the action of this hormone.
Lanthanocene Catalysts in Selective Organic Synthesis (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLanthanocene Catalysts in Selective Organic SynthesisGary A. Molander and Jan Antoinette C. RomeroView Author Information Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 6, 2161–2186Publication Date (Web):April 25, 2002Publication History Received22 October 2001Published online25 April 2002Published inissue 1 June 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr010291+Copyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3750Altmetric-Citations450LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (482 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Catalysts,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Metals,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Magnetoencephalography with a chip-scale atomic magnetometer (2012)

We report on the measurement of somatosensory-evoked and spontaneous magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals with a chip-scale atomic magnetometer (CSAM) based on optical spectroscopy of alkali atoms. The uncooled, fiber-coupled CSAM has a sensitive volume of 0.77 mm(3) inside a sensor head of volume 1 cm(3) and enabled convenient handling, similar to an electroencephalography (EEG) electrode. When positioned over O1 of a healthy human subject, α-oscillations were observed in the component of the magnetic field perpendicular to the scalp surface. Furthermore, by stimulation at the right wrist of the subject, somatosensory-evoked fields were measured with the sensors placed over C3. Higher noise levels of the CSAM were partly compensated by higher signal amplitudes due to the shorter distance between CSAM and scalp.
(Cu,Zn)-metallothioneins from fetal bovine liver. Chemical and spectroscopic properties. (1985)

Two metallothioneins (MTs) from bovine fetal liver were purified by a combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The primary structures of the isoproteins MT-1 and MT-2 were elucidated by peptide and amino acid sequence analysis. The amino-terminal part was deduced from automated Edman degradations of the pyridylethylated CNBr-cleaved derivatives. The remaining part of the sequence was established by a comparison of the carboxamidomethylated tryptic peptides to those from equine liver MT-1A and MT-2B. Peptides differing in either amino acid composition or retention time from high pressure liquid chromatography were further subjected to manual Edman degradations or carboxypeptidase Y digestion. The two isoproteins consist of 61 amino acids and show a sequence identity of 90%. When compared with the primary structures of other mammalian MTs, the 20 cysteinyl residues are totally conserved, in agreement with their function as metal ligands. The two isoproteins contain Cu and Zn at a ratio of 3:4. Spectroscopic data reveal absorption properties typical for both Cu- and Zn-thiolate transitions. The marked differences of MT-1 and MT-2 in the Cu-thiolate CD features can be attributed to the six amino acid substitutions occurring exclusively in the amino-terminal parts of the molecules. It is proposed that in bovine fetal MTs also the three copper ions are preferentially bound to the first 9 cysteinyl residues (cluster B) and the four zinc ions to the remaining 11 cysteinyl residues (cluster A) suggested previously by 113Cd NMR spectroscopy of calf liver MTs (Briggs, R. W., and Armitage, I. M. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 1259-1262).
Dynamic Roughening of Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon (2003)

The roughness of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films grown at room temperature is measured as a function of film thickness by atomic force microscopy, to extract roughness and growth exponents of $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\sim}0.39$ and $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\sim}0--0.1$, respectively. This extremely small growth exponent shows that some form of surface diffusion and relaxation operates at a homologous temperature of 0.07, much lower than in any other material. This is accounted for by a Monte Carlo simulation, which assumes a smoothening during a thermal spike, following energetic ion deposition. The low roughness allows ta-C to be used as an ultrathin protective coating on magnetic disk storage systems with $\ensuremath{\sim}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{T}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}/{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{.}}^{2}$ storage density.
Titration of Variant HSV1-tk Gene Expression to Determine the Sensitivity of 18F-FHBG PET Imaging in a Prostate Tumor (2009)

The stepwise titration of prostate cancer cells transduced with the lenti-CMV-sr39tk-IRES-EGFP determined the minimum number of sr39tk-expressing tumor cells necessary to be detected by PET using the (18)F-FHBG reporter probe. Furthermore, PET signal correlated well with traditional methods of protein evaluation such as flow cytometry, quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Unlike the traditional methods, however, the use of PET is noninvasive and will be more advantageous in clinical situations.
Microbial Fuel Cells:  Methodology and Technology (2006)

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) research is a rapidly evolving field that lacks established terminology and methods for the analysis of system performance. This makes it difficult for researchers to compare devices on an equivalent basis. The construction and analysis of MFCs requires knowledge of different scientific and engineering fields, ranging from microbiology and electrochemistry to materials and environmental engineering. Describing MFC systems therefore involves an understanding of these different scientific and engineering principles. In this paper, we provide a review of the different materials and methods used to construct MFCs, techniques used to analyze system performance, and recommendations on what information to include in MFC studies and the most useful ways to present results.
Semantic shape editing using deformation handles (2015)

We propose a shape editing method where the user creates geometric deformations using a set of semantic attributes, thus avoiding the need for detailed geometric manipulations. In contrast to prior work, we focus on continuous deformations instead of discrete part substitutions. Our method provides a platform for quick design explorations and allows non-experts to produce semantically guided shape variations that are otherwise difficult to attain. We crowdsource a large set of pairwise comparisons between the semantic attributes and geometry and use this data to learn a continuous mapping from the semantic attributes to geometry. The resulting map enables simple and intuitive shape manipulations based solely on the learned attributes. We demonstrate our method on large datasets using two different user interaction modes and evaluate its usability with a set of user studies.
Somatostatin Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase via Somatostatin Receptor 1 (SSTR1) (1999)

Hormones and growth factors regulate cell growth via the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade. Here we examine the actions of the hormone somatostatin on the MAP kinase cascade through one of its two major receptor subtypes, the somatostatin receptor 1 (SSTR1) stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Somatostatin antagonizes the proliferative effects of fibroblast growth factor in CHO-SSTR1 cells via the SSTR1 receptor. However, in these cells, somatostatin robustly activates MAP kinase (also called extracellular signal regulated kinase; ERK) and augments fibroblast growth factor-stimulated ERK activity. We show that the activation of ERK via SSTR1 is pertussis toxin sensitive and requires the small G protein Ras, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, the serine/threonine kinase Raf-1, and the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2. The activation of ERK by SSTR1 increased the expression of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor p21(cip1/WAF1). Previous studies have suggested that somatostatin-stimulated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity mediates the growth effects of somatostatin. Our data suggest that SHP-2 stimulation by SSTR1 may mediate some of these effects through the activation of the MAP kinase cascade and the expression of p21(cip1/WAF1).
Scalable feedback control for distributed beamforming in sensor networks (2005)

Recent work has shown that large gains in communication capacity are achievable by distributed beamforming in sensor networks. The principal challenge in realizing these gains in practice, is in synchronizing the carrier signal of individual sensors in such a way that they combine coherently at the intended receiver. In this paper, we provide a scalable mechanism for achieving phase synchronization in completely distributed fashion, based only on feedback regarding the power of the net received signal. Insight into the workings of the protocol is obtained from a simple theoretical model that provides accurate performance estimates
Exploring new applications for photophysically encoded microcarriers (2008)

The first goal of this thesis was to investigate the potential of two cationic polysaccharides (PQ-4 and PQ-10) for DNA delivery. We have shown that, compared to PEI based polyplexes, they were less efficient in transfecting cells. However, as they had very low toxicity, further tailoring of the nature and extent of cationic side chains on cationic hydroxyethylcellulose may be a promising avenue to further enhance their DNA delivery properties. As a second goal we investigated the applications of digitally encoded microcarriers for cell based assays. We succeeded to show that encoded microcarriers were suitable to grow cells on. Neither the coating at the surface of the beads (which facilitates the growth of the cells), nor the cells themselves hampered the decoding of the beads, even when the cells covering the microcarriers exhibited green or red fluorescence due to the expression of GFP and RFP respectively. We were able (a) to immobilize DNA, siRNA or adenoviral particles on the surfaces of the encoded microcarriers by the use of polyelectrolytes and, subsequently, (b) to grow cells on top of the nucleic acids/adenoviral particles. The DNA and siRNA immobilized on the surface of the microcarrier were not able to transfect cells. However, we showed that the cells growing on the polyelectrolyte layer could indeed become transduced with adenoviral particles hosted by the polyelectrolyte layer. In conclusion, a proof of principal to use photophysically encoded microcarriers as transfected microarray has been shown. As a third goal we investigated the use of digitally encoded microcarriers as tool to combat counterfeiting of tablets. We showed that the codes in the Memobeads in tables produced by granulation did not deform during tabletting and that the code in the beads remained readable. We also found evidence that, after oral intake, the encoded microparticles are highly unlikely toxic to humans.
Aligned silver nanorod arrays produce high sensitivity surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates (2005)

Substrates consisting of silver nanorod arrays with an irregular surface lattice (i.e., random nucleation sites) and with varying rod lengths were fabricated by an oblique angle vapor deposition method. These arrays were evaluated as potential surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates using trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene as a reported molecule. SERS activity was shown to depend upon the length of the nanorods. The Ag nanorods with average lengths of 508.29±44.86nm, and having aspect ratios of 5.69±1.49 exhibited the maximum SERS enhancement factors of greater than 108. Theoretical calculations indicate that this large SERS enhancement may be partially explained by the shape, density, and lateral arrangement of the Ag nanorod arrays.
Flavor Trivia and Tomato Aroma: Biochemistry and Possible Mechanisms for Control of Important Aroma Components (2000)

Consumers are often dissatisfied with the flavor of fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) purchased in the supermarket. There are several reasons for this, ranging from poor genetic material to harvest and handling procedures. Research is ongoing to determine the important flavor components in tomato in order to give breeders and molecular biologists access to objective flavor criteria for use in selection of high-quality material. Furthermore, harvest and postharvest handling, and shipping and storage procedures can be analyzed for their effects on important flavor components. FLAVOR TRIVIA To successfully conduct this research, one must first understand what comprises flavor and how it is perceived. The nose has olfactory nerve endings at the back with receptors that bind volatiles emanating from food. These reactions are somewhat analogous to enzyme/ substrate stereochemical associations. Tastes such as sweet, sour, salty, or bitter are perceived because of reactions of sugars or polyalcohols, hydronium ions, sodium ions, glucosides , alkaloids, etc., with receptors located in certain regions of the tongue. The nerves in the tongue can also detect texture, temperature, metallic irritation, bite (carbonation), chemical heat [e.g., hot pepper ( Capsicum fruitescens L.)], etc., collectively known as trigeminal responses. The olfactory system is the more sensitive of the two organs, however, and the most sensitive of the five senses. It can detect odors in parts per trillion whereas receptors on the tongue can detect flavor compounds in parts per hundred. The adverse side of this extreme sensitivity is fatigue, which may be a protective mechanism against nerve damage (DeRovira, 1997). Nevertheless, the fatigue factor must be considered in sensory work with aroma compounds. The extreme sensitivity of the olfactory organ has played an important role in the evolutionary development of mammals, allowing for the odor imprinting involved in olfactory recognition. This has helped in developing behavioral relationships, such as mother-offspring, consort interactions, and general kin recognition, not to mention detection of predator and prey (Margot and Salvadori, 1995; Rouhi, 1996). Specific odors can evoke powerful thoughts and emotions in humans. The sense of smell, therefore, has played a key role in several areas important to species survival. In mammals at least 1000 receptor genes are devoted to encoding receptors that recognize odors; these comprise 1% to 2% of the mammalian genome (Rouhi, 1996). Many factors can affect our perception of flavor, especially the components of flavor made up of aroma compounds. Smelling an aromatic food through the front of the nose may produce a different