gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primality testing revisited (1992)

Article Primality testing revisited Share on Author: J. H. Davenport View Profile Authors Info & Claims ISSAC '92: Papers from the international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computationAugust 1992 Pages 123–129https://doi.org/10.1145/143242.143290Online:01 August 1992Publication History 3citation642DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads642Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Promoting effect of glucocorticoids on the differentiation of human adipocyte precursor cells cultured in a chemically defined medium. (1989)

Stromal-vascular cells obtained from adult human subcutaneous adipose tissue were cultured in a chemically defined serum-free medium. In the presence of 0.2 nM triiodothyronine and 0.5 microM insulin, up to 25% of the cells were able to undergo terminal adipose differentiation within 18 d, as assessed by lipid accumulation and the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activities. Addition of cortisol resulted in a potent dose-dependent stimulation of the adipose differentiation process. Cortisol could be replaced by dexamethasone and partly by aldosterone, but not by sex steroids. The proportion of differentiated cells was dependent upon the age of the donor; when isolated from young adults, up to 70% of the stromal-vascular cells expressed the adipocyte phenotype as compared with 5-10% when the cells were isolated from the oldest subjects. An inverse relationship was observed between the age of the 27 normal-weight donors and the extent of GPDH expression after maintenance of the cells for 18 d in chemically defined medium supplemented with insulin, triiodothyronine, and cortisol (r = -0.787, P less than 0.001). It is concluded that adult human adipose tissue still contains precursor cells that are able to undergo adipose differentiation in vitro. This improved culture system may offer the opportunity to characterize other adipogenic factors as well as antiadipogenic factors involved in the control of adipose tissue growth.
Folates as adjuvants to anticancer agents: Chemical rationale and mechanism of action (2016)

Folates have been used with cytotoxic agents for decades and today they are used in hundreds of thousands of patients annually. Folate metabolism is complex. In the treatment of cancer with 5-fluorouracil, the administration of folates mechanistically leads to the formation of [6R]-5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate, and the increased concentration of this molecule leads to stabilization of the ternary complex comprising thymidylate synthase, 2'-deoxy-uridine-5'-monophosphate, and [6R]-5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate. The latter is the only natural folate that can bind directly in the ternary complex, with other folates requiring metabolic activation. Modulation of thymidylate synthase activity became central in the study of folate/cytotoxic combinations and, despite wide use, research into the folate component was neglected, leaving important questions unanswered. This article revisits the mechanisms of action of folates and evaluates commercially available folate derivatives in the light of current research. Better genomic insight and availability of new analytical techniques and stable folate compounds may open new avenues of research and therapy, ultimately bringing increased clinical benefit to patients.
The Pharmacophore Hypothesis of Novel Inhibitors for Aurora A Kinase (2007)

Abstract A three‐dimensional pharmacophore model was developed from a series of inhibitors of Aurora A kinase to discover new potent anti‐cancer agents using the HypoGen module in the Catalyst software. The pharmacophore model was developed based on the structure of 20 currently available inhibitors, which were carefully selected from the literature. The best hypothesis (Hypo l) was defined by four features: one hydrogen‐bond donor and three hydrophobic points, with the best correlation coefficient of 0.909, the lowest rms deviation of 1.563, and the highest cost difference of 99.075. The Hypo 1 was then validated by a test set consisting of 24 compounds and by a cross‐validation of 95% confidence level through randomizing the data using the CatScramble program, which suggested that a predictive pharmacophore model had been successfully obtained.
Structure of the gene for human butyrylcholinesterase. Evidence for a single copy (1990)

We have isolated five genomic clones for human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), using cDNA probes encoding the catalytic subunit of the hydrophilic tetramer [McTiernan et al. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 6682-6686]. The BChE gene is at least 73 kb long and contains four exons. Exon 1 contains untranslated sequences and two potential translation initiation sites at codons -69 and -47. Exon 2 (1525 bp) contains 83% of the coding sequence for the mature protein, including the N-terminal and the active-site serine, and a third possible translation initiation site (likely functional), at codon -28. Exon 3 is 167 nucleotides long. Exon 4 (604 bp) codes for the C-terminus of the protein and the 3' untranslated region where two polyadenylation signals were identified. Intron 1 is 6.5 kb long, and the minimal sizes of introns 2 and 3 are estimated to be 32 kb each. Southern blot analysis of total human genomic DNA is in complete agreement with the gene structure established by restriction endonuclease mapping of the genomic clones: this strongly suggests that the BChE gene is present in a single copy.
Frequency–time and time–space mappings for single‐shot coherent four‐wave mixing with chirped pulses and broad beams (2001)

Abstract The possibilities of using chirped pulses and broad beams for single‐shot measurements in coherent four‐wave mixing (FWM) are examined. The idea of such measurements is based on the fact that chirped pulses define a linear transform, mapping the difference between the instantaneous frequencies of pump pulses on to the delay time between these pulses. This delay between the pump pulses can be then mapped onto the spatial coordinate with the use of a broad‐beam FWM geometry. We consider various modifications of chirped‐pulse FWM techniques, including degenerate and non‐degenerate four‐wave mixing, coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering and Raman‐induced Kerr effect. The ways of extending the single‐shot broad‐beam FWM concept to multidimensional wave‐mixing techniques are discussed, and the possibilities of full reconstruction of the third‐order non‐linear optical susceptibility in the time domain as a function of its time variables for non‐stationary molecular systems are explored. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
The end of a long search: at last thrombopoietin. (1995)

HAEMATOLOGICA editorials normally comment original papers published in the journal. The present editorial is an exception, justified by the discovery of a new hematopoietic growth factor: thrombopoietin. The Editorial Board believes that we must point out to our readers this major scientific advance. More than 15 hemopoietic growth factors have now been biochemically characterized, genetically cloned and tested for in vitro and/or in vivo biologic activity. 1 Of these, erythropoietin and G-CSF have already become powerful tools in the hands of clinicians, and their clinical applications have already been documented in books. 2,3 Recombinant human erythropoietin corrects anemia, eliminates the need for transfusion, improves quality of life and is cost effective in anemic patients with renal failure. 2,4,5 Autologous
[Tumor localization in vivo on the basis of scintigraphic detection of clostridium rods by means of 131J-labeled antibodies and F(ab')2 antibody fragments]. (1979)

The authors report about investigations for localization of tumours in vivo by scintigrafic iddntification of Clostridium butyricum Jena H8 by 131I-labelled antibodies and by 131I-labelled F(ab')2-fragment antibodies in mouse transplantation-tumour UVT 15264. The application of 131I-labelled anti-clostridial-rod-antibodies in tumour bearing mice demonstrates increase of radioactivity in tumours of animals, pretreated by spores, as well as in animals without pretreatment. These appearently unspecific increases of radioactivity could not be demonstrated by application of 131I-labelled F(ab')2-fragment antibodies directed against clostridial rods, but also the specific fixation of 131I-labelled F(ab')2-fragment antibodies in tumours of mice, pretreated by clostridial spores, could not be demonstrated. The results are discussed with regard to further investigations.
NLRX1 negatively modulates type I IFN to facilitate KSHV reactivation from latency (2017)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a herpesvirus that is linked to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). KSHV establishes persistent latent infection in the human host. KSHV undergoes periods of spontaneous reactivation where it can enter the lytic replication phase of its lifecycle. During KSHV reactivation, host innate immune responses are activated to restrict viral replication. Here, we report that NLRX1, a negative regulator of the type I interferon response, is important for optimal KSHV reactivation from latency. Depletion of NLRX1 in either iSLK.219 or BCBL-1 cells significantly suppressed global viral transcription levels compared to the control group. Concomitantly, fewer viral particles were present in either cells or supernatant from NLRX1 depleted cells. Further analysis revealed that upon NLRX1 depletion, higher IFNβ transcription levels were observed, which was also associated with a transcriptional upregulation of JAK/STAT pathway related genes in both cell lines. To investigate whether IFNβ contributes to NLRX1's role in KSHV reactivation, we treated control and NLRX1 depleted cells with a TBK1 inhibitor (BX795) or TBK1 siRNA to block IFNβ production. Upon BX795 or TBK1 siRNA treatment, NLRX1 depletion exhibited less inhibitory effects on reactivation and infectious virion production, suggesting that NLRX1 facilitates KSHV lytic replication by negatively regulating IFNβ responses. Our data suggests that NLRX1 plays a positive role in KSHV lytic replication by suppressing the IFNβ response during the process of KSHV reactivation, which might serve as a potential target for restricting KSHV replication and transmission.
Active antibody fragment (Fv) composed of the variable portions of heavy and light chains (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActive antibody fragment (Fv) composed of the variable portions of heavy and light chainsJacob Hochman, Dan Inbar, and David GivolCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 6, 1130–1135Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00730a018https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00730a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Out-of-Plane Reflection and Refraction of Light by Anisotropic Optical Antenna Metasurfaces with Phase Discontinuities (2012)

Experiments on ultrathin anisotropic arrays of subwavelength optical antennas display out-of-plane refraction. A powerful three-dimensional (3D) extension of the recently demonstrated generalized laws of refraction and reflection shows that the interface imparts a tangential wavevector to the incident light leading to anomalous beams, which in general are noncoplanar with the incident beam. The refracted beam direction can be controlled by varying the angle between the plane of incidence and the antenna array.
Review of Interpolation Methods for Digital Terrain Models (1976)

This paper reviews the methods of height interpolation for digital terrain models that have been published in photogrammetric and related journals. These methods are arranged in six groups, according to the type of surface representation that they produce, and a short comparative evaluation is made. In addition, the construction of profiles and of contour lines is reviewed.
Discovery and Preclinical Pharmacology of a Novel, Potent, Nonsteroidal Estrogen Receptor Agonist/Antagonist, CP-336156, a Diaryltetrahydronaphthalene (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTDiscovery and Preclinical Pharmacology of a Novel, Potent, Nonsteroidal Estrogen Receptor Agonist/Antagonist, CP-336156, a DiaryltetrahydronaphthaleneRobert L. Rosati, Paul Da Silva Jardine, Kimberly O. Cameron, David D. Thompson, Hua Zhu Ke, Steven M. Toler, Thomas A. Brown, Lydia C. Pan, Charles F. Ebbinghaus, Anthony R. Reinhold, Nancy C. Elliott, Bradley N. Newhouse, Christina M. Tjoa, Paul M. Sweetnam, Mark J. Cole, Mark W. Arriola, Jeffrey W. Gauthier, D. Todd Crawford, David F. Nickerson, Christine M. Pirie, Hong Qi, Hollis A. Simmons, and George T. TkalcevicView Author Information Central Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 16, 2928–2931Publication Date (Web):July 11, 1998Publication History Received23 January 1998Published online11 July 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm980048bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm980048brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1310Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anatomy,Bioavailability,Cholesterol,Receptors,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Effect of nitrite and nitrate on in situ sulfide production in an activated sludge immobilized agar gel film as determined by use of microelectrodes (2002)

Microelectrode, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses were used to investigate the effect of nitrite and nitrate on in situ sulfide production in an activated sludge immobilized agar gel film. Microelectrode measurements of O(2), H(2)S, NO(3)(-), NO(2)(-), and pH revealed that the addition of NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-) forced sulfate reduction zones deeper in the agar gel and significantly reduced the in situ sulfide production levels. The sulfate reduction zone was consequently separated from O(2) and NO(2)(-) or NO(3)(-) respiration zones with increasing the concentrations of NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-). These NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-) treatments had only a transient effect on sulfide production. The in situ sulfide production quickly recovered to the previous levels when NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-) were removed. The PCR-DGGE and FISH analyses revealed that 2-day-continuous addition of 500 microM NO(3)(-) did not change the metabolically active sulfate-reducing bacterial (SRB) community. On the basis of these data, it could be concluded that the addition of NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-) did not kill SRB, but induced the interspecies competition for common carbon source (i.e., acetate) between nitrate-reducing heterotrophic bacteria and SRB and enhanced the oxidation of the produced sulfide, which were main possible causes of the suppression of in situ sulfide production in the agar gel.
The Tomato Cf-5 Disease Resistance Gene and Six Homologs Show Pronounced Allelic Variation in Leucine-Rich Repeat Copy Number (1998)

The tomato Cf-2 and Cf-5 genes confer resistance to Cladosporium fulvum and map to a complex locus on chromosome 6. The Cf-5 gene has been isolated and is predicted to encode a largely extracytoplasmic protein containing 32 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), resembling the previously isolated Cf-2 gene, which has 38 LRRs. Three haplotypes of this locus from Lycopersicon esculentum, L. pimpinellifolium, and L. esculentum var cerasiforme were compared, and five additional homologs of Cf-5 were sequenced. All share extensive sequence identity, particularly within the C-terminal portions of the predicted proteins. In striking contrast to the Cf-9 gene family, six of seven homologs in the Cf-2/Cf-5 gene family vary in LRR copy number, ranging from 25 to 38 LRRs. Cf-5 and one adjacent homolog differ by only two LRRs. Recombination events that vary the LRR copy number in this region could provide a mechanism for the generation of new specificities for recognition of different ligands. A recombination breakpoint between the Cf-2 and Cf-5 loci was fully characterized and shown to be intragenic.
Silent domains are assembled continuously from the telomere and are defined by promoter distance and strength, and by SIR3 dosage. (1993)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, telomeres repress transcription of genes located nearby. This region-specific gene inactivation is thought to involve the packaging of telomeric domains into silent chromatin. To gain insight into the mechanism of telomeric silencing, a genetic assay to examine the spread of silencing along the distal right arm of chromosome V was developed. The frequency of silencing a telomere-adjacent URA3 gene decreased with increasing distance of the gene's promoter from the telomere, irrespective of transcriptional orientation. The distance over which telomeric silencing of URA3 was observed was extended by weakening the gene's promoter--specifically, by deleting PPR1, the trans-activator of URA3. The silent telomeric domain was extended even farther by increasing the gene dosage of SIR3. These results suggest that a gene's promoter is a key determinant in controlling silencing on that gene and that SIR3 is a crucial component of the silent chromatin domain that initiates at the telomere and is assembled inwardly along the yeast chromosome. Finally, silencing is not observed on the centromeric side of an actively transcribed telomeric gene, demonstrating that the repressed telomeric domain is propagated continuously along the DNA. Taken together, these data reflect the complex and dynamic organization of eukaryotic genomes into functionally distinct regions.
The nucleotide sequence of the HEM1 gene and evidence for a precursor form of the mitochondrial 5-aminolevulinate synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1986)

The biosynthesis of yeast 5-aminolevulinate (ALA) synthase, a mitochondrial protein encoded by the nuclear HEM1 gene, has been studied in vitro in a cell-free translation system and in vivo in whole cells. In vitro translation of mRNA hybrid-selected by the cloned HEM1 gene, or of total RNA followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-(ALA synthase) antibody yielded a single polypeptide of higher molecular mass than the purified ALA synthase. This larger form, also seen in pulse-labeled cells, can be post-translationally processed by isolated mitochondria. These results show that the cytoplasmically made ALA synthase is synthesized with a cleavable extension which was estimated to be about 3.5 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The complete nucleotide sequence of the HEM1 gene and its flanking regions was determined. The 5' ends of the HEM1 mRNAs map from -76 to -63 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon. The open reading frame of 1644 base pairs encodes a protein of 548 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 59,275. The predicted amino-terminal sequence of the protein is strongly basic (five basic and no acidic amino acids within the first 35 residues), rich in serine and threonine and must represent the transient presequence that targets this protein to the mitochondria. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences indicates a clear homology between the mature yeast and chick embryo liver ALA synthases.
Synthesis and Mechanistic Evaluation of 7-Vinylidenecephem Sulfones as .beta.-Lactamase Inhibitors (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Mechanistic Evaluation of 7-Vinylidenecephem Sulfones as .beta.-Lactamase InhibitorsJohn D. Buynak, Dipti Khasnis, Brian Bachmann, Kuangcong Wu, and Grady LambCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 24, 10955–10965Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00103a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00103a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts