gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunoblot Analysis of the Antibody Response to Murine Cytomegalovirus in Genetically Resistant and Susceptible Mice (1989)

The murine of human cytomegalovirus infection was employed to analyse the kinetics of antibody production to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) structural and immediate early (IE) polypeptides following MCMV infection of genetically resistant and susceptible strains of mice. A total of 22 structural and six non-structural. IE proteins were identified. Analysis of immunoblots by densitometry identified four patterns of antibody reactivity to MCMV structural polypeptides during primary and secondary antibody responses over a period of 5 weeks post-infection (p.i.). Firstly, antibodies were strongly reactive with an 83K protein soon after infection, with levels which decreased with time: antibodies to a second group of viral proteins were also recognized soon after infection, but consistent levels of reactivity were maintained. Viral proteins that were recognized beyond day 14 p.i. or following a second MCMV infection formed the third group; the fourth consisted of viral proteins that were detected at variable times p.i. by antisera different mouse strains. The kinetics and intensity of the antibody response to individual viral proteins were influenced by virus dose, time p.i. and by a second MCMV infection. In addition, the genetic constitution of the host influenced the antibody response to MCMV proteins both quantitatively and qualitatively. In particular, sera from mice possessing C57BL but not BALB/c genes detected a 56K Mr viral during seroconversion. Antibody reactivity to this protein was shown to segregate among sera from CXB mice, with a strain distribution pattern which indicated a linkage with the b locus on chromosome 4. Finally, expression of the 56K protein was detected in B10. BR but not BALB/c embryo fibroblasts in vitro, with expression being a dominant trait in (BALB/c x B10.BR) F1 embryo fibroblasts. Thus, host genes may influence the expression of this structural viral protein.
Methane Generation from Methylated Aromatics:  Kinetic Study and Carbon Isotope Modeling (2000)

The aim of this work was to elaborate a mathematical model that accounts for the carbon isotopic composition of methane generated during the thermal cracking of two model compounds: 9-methylphenanthrene (9-MPh) and 1-methylpyrene (1-MPyr). Pyrolysis experiments were carried out in an anhydrous closed system (gold vessels) during times ranging from 1 to 120 h under isothermal conditions (400−475 °C) at a constant pressure of 150 bar. Global rate constants were determined for methane generation from 1-methylpyrene decomposition, similar to those determined by Behar et al. (see ref 36 in the text) for 9-MPh thermal cracking. Two main processes of methane formation were recognized: one related to the loss of the methyl group and the second corresponding to the opening of the aromatic rings, the second of which is hydrogen pressure dependent. The derived apparent first-order kinetic parameters were determined only for the first process: E = 55.6 kcal/mol and A = 4.2 × 1012 s-1. These parameters are in the same range as those found for methane generated from 9-MPh (ref 36). When these results are extrapolated to geological conditions, methane generation occurs at temperatures lower than 200 °C and, thus, constitutes a significant source for natural gas accumulations. This source of natural gas can compete with late methane generation from kerogen. Based on the global kinetic scheme proposed for methane generation, a model of carbon isotopic fractionation was elaborated for predicting the isotopic composition of methane. Results show that very high isotopic fractionation can take place when the methylated aromatics are thermally degraded: the demethylation reaction leads to an isotopic fractionation between the generated methane and its source which is significantly dependent upon the isotopic heterogeneity of the aromatic compound. This study shows that specific isotopic signatures in natural gas might fingerprint the secondary cracking of aromatics in deep reservoirs.
Notes - Methyl Hydrogen Fumarate (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Methyl Hydrogen FumarateSydney Spatz and Herman Stone Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 10, 1559–1560Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1958Publication History Published online4 June 2003Published inissue 1 October 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01104a608https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01104a608research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adoptive T Cell Therapy Using Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells for the Treatment of Patients with Cancer: A Phase I Clinical Study. (2005)

Abstract The adoptive transfer of in vitro induced and expanded tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) provides a promising approach to the immunotherpy of cancer. We have previously shown that antigen-specific CTL can be generated from HLA-A2.1+ cancer patients by 4 rounds of in vitro stimulation of purified CD8+ T cells with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with HLA-A2 binding tumor-associated peptides. Based on these results we have initiated a pilot study of adoptive T cell therapy in advanced melanoma patients demonstrating that in vitro generated Melan-A (ELAGIGILTV)-specific CTL survive intact in vivo for several weeks and localize preferentially to tumor. Here we report on the clinical results of a phase I study of 11 HLA-A2+ melanoma patients that received at least three i.v. infusions of Melan-A-specific CTL i.v. at 2-week intervals. Each T cell infusion was accompanied by a 6-day course of s.c. IL-2 (3x106 IU daily). A total of 51 T-cell infusions were administered, averaging 2.1 x108 Melan-A specific T cells per infusion, with a range from 0.11 – 13.1 x108 T cells per infusion. Clinical side effects were mild and consisted of chills and low-grade fever (WHO grade I–II) in 7 out of 11 patients that typically occurred within 6 to 8 h post infusion. Hematological effects, observed after T cell transfer, included an increase in eosinophils up to 50% in 7 out of 11 patients, peaking 24h post transfer. Clinical and immunological responses consisted of antitumor responses in 3 out of 11 patients (1 CR, 1 PR, 1 mixed response), an elevated frequency of circulating Melan-A multimer+ T cells up to 2% of total CD8+ T cells for 2 weeks post T cell infusion, suggesting long-term survival and/or proliferation of transferred CTL, and a complete loss of Melan-A expression in lymph node metastases of 2 patients after T cell transfer. Our data indicate that the adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T cells in cancer patients is capable of inducing clinical and systemic tumor-specific immune responses without provoking major side effects.
Convolutional feature masking for joint object and stuff segmentation (2015)

The topic of semantic segmentation has witnessed considerable progress due to the powerful features learned by convolutional neural networks (CNNs) [13]. The current leading approaches for semantic segmentation exploit shape information by extracting CNN features from masked image regions. This strategy introduces artificial boundaries on the images and may impact the quality of the extracted features. Besides, the operations on the raw image domain require to compute thousands of networks on a single image, which is time-consuming. In this paper, we propose to exploit shape information via masking convolutional features. The proposal segments (e.g., super-pixels) are treated as masks on the convolutional feature maps. The CNN features of segments are directly masked out from these maps and used to train classifiers for recognition. We further propose a joint method to handle objects and “stuff” (e.g., grass, sky, water) in the same framework. State-of-the-art results are demonstrated on benchmarks of PASCAL VOC and new PASCAL-CONTEXT, with a compelling computational speed.
Magnetization and diffusion effects in NMR imaging of hyperpolarized substances (1997)

The special magnetization characteristics of hyperpolarized noble gases have led to an interest in using these agents for new MRI applications. In this note, the magnetization effects and NMR signal dependence of two noble gases, 3He and l29Xe, are modeled across a range of gradient-echo imaging parameters. Pulse-sequence analysis shows a wide variation in optimum flip angles between imaging of gas (e.g., 3He or 129Xe) in air spaces (e.g., trachea and lung) and in blood vessels. To optimize imaging of the air spaces, it is also necessary to reduce the otherwise substantial signal losses from diffusion effects by increasing voxel size. The possibility of using hyperpolarized 129Xe for functional MRI (fMRI) is discussed in view of the results from the blood flow analysis. The short-lived nature of the hyperpolarization opens up new possibilities, as well as new technical challenges, in its potential application as a blood-flow tracer.
Characterization of immunotoxins active against ovarian cancer cell lines. (1985)

The purpose of the present study was to develop immunotoxins directed against human ovarian carcinoma cells. Four monoclonal antibodies (260F9, 454C11, 280D11, and 245E7) were chosen because they were found to bind to various ovarian carcinoma cell lines. These antibodies were covalently linked to either Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) or ricin A chain (RTA), and the conjugates were tested against five ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-2, -3, -4, -5; A1847). The ability of the immunotoxins to inhibit both protein synthesis and colony formation was evaluated. Qualitatively similar results were obtained for both types of assays. Usually, PE conjugates were more toxic than their corresponding RTA conjugates. 454C11-PE was very toxic for all ovarian carcinoma lines, whereas 454C11-RTA had low activity. Both 260F9-PE and 260F9-RTA were active in all OVCAR cell lines but not in A1847 cells. 280D11-PE was toxic for OVCAR-4; otherwise, 280D11-PE and RTA conjugates of both 280D11 and 245E7 had little activity. Specificity of immunotoxin action was shown by competition by excess antibody, nontoxicity in nontarget cells, and inactivity of an irrelevant immunotoxin. To investigate the basis of antibody-dependent differences in activity of the various immunotoxins, antibody uptake was studied in OVCAR-2 cells, and the results indicate that antibody internalization is one important factor in the activity of immunotoxins.
Inhibition of the Growth Factor MDK/Midkine by a Novel Small Molecule Compound to Treat Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2013)

Midkine (MDK) is a heparin-binding growth factor that is highly expressed in many malignant tumors, including lung cancers. MDK activates the PI3K pathway and induces anti-apoptotic activity, in turn enhancing the survival of tumors. Therefore, the inhibition of MDK is considered a potential strategy for cancer therapy. In the present study, we demonstrate a novel small molecule compound (iMDK) that targets MDK. iMDK inhibited the cell growth of MDK-positive H441 lung adenocarcinoma cells that harbor an oncogenic KRAS mutation and H520 squamous cell lung cancer cells, both of which are types of untreatable lung cancer. However, iMDK did not reduce the cell viability of MDK-negative A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells or normal human lung fibroblast (NHLF) cells indicating its specificity. iMDK suppressed the endogenous expression of MDK but not that of other growth factors such as PTN or VEGF. iMDK suppressed the growth of H441 cells by inhibiting the PI3K pathway and inducing apoptosis. Systemic administration of iMDK significantly inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model in vivo. Inhibition of MDK with iMDK provides a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung cancers that are driven by MDK.
Transforming Growth Factor-β Induction of Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotpye Requires Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Control of Serum Response Factor (2002)

Transforming growth factor-beta induces a smooth muscle cell phenotype in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. To elucidate the mechanism(s) of this phenotypic induction, we focused on the molecular regulation of smooth muscle-gamma-actin, whose expression is induced at late stages of smooth muscle differentiation and developmentally restricted to this lineage. Transforming growth factor-beta induced smooth muscle-gamma-actin protein, cytoskeletal localization, and mRNA expression in mesenchymal cells. Smooth muscle-gamma-actin promoter-luciferase reporter activity was enhanced by transforming growth factor-beta, and deletion analysis revealed that CArG box 2 in the promoter was necessary for this transcriptional activation. CArG motifs bind transcriptional activator serum response factor; gel shift analyses revealed increased binding of serum response factor-containing complexes to this site in response to transforming growth factor-beta, paralleled by increased serum response factor protein expression. Serum response factor expression was found to be up-regulated by transforming growth factor-beta via transcriptional activation of the gene and post-transcriptional regulation. Using mesenchymal cells stably transfected with wild type or dominant-negative serum response factor, we demonstrated that its expression is sufficient for induction of a smooth muscle phenotype in mesenchymal cells and is necessary for transforming growth factor-beta-mediated smooth muscle induction.
Practical Secure Aggregation for Privacy Preserving Machine Learning. (2017)

We design a novel, communication-efficient, failure-robust protocol for secure aggregation of high-dimensional data. Our protocol allows a server to compute the sum of large, user-held data vectors from mobile devices in a secure manner (i.e. without learning each user's individual contribution), and can be used, for example, in a federated learning setting, to aggregate user-provided model updates for a deep neural network. We prove the security of our protocol in the honest-but-curious and active adversary settings, and show that security is maintained even if an arbitrarily chosen subset of users drop out at any time. We evaluate the efficiency of our protocol and show, by complexity analysis and a concrete implementation, that its runtime and communication overhead remain low even on large data sets and client pools. For 16-bit input values, our protocol offers $1.73 x communication expansion for 210 users and 220-dimensional vectors, and 1.98 x expansion for 214 users and 224-dimensional vectors over sending data in the clear.
Monoclonal Antibody against Cell Surface GRP78 as a Novel Agent in Suppressing PI3K/AKT Signaling, Tumor Growth, and Metastasis (2013)

GRP78-specific antibody MAb159 modulates the PI3K pathway and inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Humanized MAb159 will enter human trials shortly.
The Laser Diode: 50 Years On (2013)

This paper is an introduction to the following three papers summarizing presentations made at the rump session of the International Semiconductor Laser Conference (San Diego, CA, USA, Oct. 2012), which addressed the question: What is a laser?
Effects of Estrogen Receptor and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 Levels on the Efficacy of Trastuzumab (2016)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00045032.
A single 10-residue pre-S(1) peptide can prime T cell help for antibody production to multiple epitopes within the pre-S(1), pre-S(2), and S regions of HBsAg. (1987)

The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize T cell and B cell recognition sites within the pre-S(1) region of HBsAg/p43, and to then analyze functional T cell-B cell interactions at the level of in vivo antibody production. The results indicate: three peptide sequences within the pre-S(1) region of HBsAg were identified which can induce and elicit HBsAg/p43-specific T cell proliferation; a 10-amino acid peptide, p12-21, defines one pre-S(1)-specific T cell recognition site, and residues 18 and 19 are critical to the recognition process; the p12-21 sequence can function as a T cell carrier for a synthetic B cell epitope within the pre-S(2) region; the p94-117 sequence contains at least two T cell recognition sites; five distinct, pre-S(1)-specific antibody binding sites were identified; synthetic pre-S(1) region T cell determinants can prime in vivo antibody production to multiple B cell epitopes within the pre-S(2) and S regions, as well as within the pre-S(1) region; the specificity of the primed T cell population can influence the specificity of the B cell response; and T cell recognition of pre-S(1) region peptides is regulated by H-2-linked genes.
Beneficial effects of pimobendan on exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Results of a multicenter trial. The Pimobendan Multicenter Research Group. (1992)

These data demonstrate that pimobendan significantly increases exercise duration, peak VO2, and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Pimobendan appears to be useful adjunctive therapy when added to digitalis, diuretics, and vasodilators.
Insulin and IGF-I Receptors Signaling in Protection from Apoptosis (1999)

R-cells are mouse embryo fibroblasts with a targeted disruption of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) genes. Because R-cells do not express the IGF-IR, they are ideal for studying the biological effects of the insulin receptor (IR), independently from any contribution by the IGF-IR. By stably transfecting R-cells with constructs expressing the IR, we show here the IR can protect cells from apoptosis induced by anoikis or by okadaic acid. The IR, however, is not as efficient as the IGF-IR in protecting mouse embryo fibroblasts from apoptosis, even when IRS-1, one of its major substrates, is over-expressed. In addition, the protection by the IGF-IR is resistant to inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-ki), while the anti-apoptotic effect of the IR is sensitive. These experiments suggest that the IGF-IR uses an alternative anti-apoptotic pathway, not shared with the IR, which is PI3-ki-independent.
Antineovascular Agents in the Treatment of Eye Diseases (2006)

Neovascularization is a common and potentially visually threatening complication of eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). An antiangiogenic therapy is aimed at inhibiting the growth of new blood vessels and should prevent onset or progression of neovascularization. Accumulated evidence indicates that growth factors, endothelial cell surface receptors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are major mediators of neovascularization and appealing targets for pharmacotherapeutical intervention. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of retinal neovascularization (in linking tissue ischemia to angiogenesis), and is likely to contribute also significantly to choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Several antineovascular agents antagonize the function of VEGF, by blocking its proangiogenic activity. Indeed, VEGF targeting or disruption of VEGF signalling is the most effective strategy known so far in the pharmacological treatment of ocular neovascularization. Other compounds such as pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) either aim at balancing the levels of pro-angiogenic and angiostatic molecules, target inflammation (cyclooxygenase inhibitors, steroids) or comprise modifiers of the ECM such as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and agents that block the action of integrins. Vascular targeting agents (combretastatin) promote removal of newly formed vessels. This review provides an update on recent investigations directed at the pharmacotherapeutical management of ocular neovascular diseases, placing special emphasis on the underlying target molecules and relevant intracellular signalling pathways.
Enzyme crystal structure in a neat organic solvent. (1993)

The crystal structure of the serine protease subtilisin Carlsberg in anhydrous acetonitrile was determined at 2.3 A resolution. It was found to be essentially identical to the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme in water; the differences observed were smaller than those between two independently determined structures in aqueous solution. The hydrogen bond system of the catalytic triad is intact in acetonitrile. The majority (99 of 119) of enzyme-bound, structural water molecules have such a great affinity to subtilisin that they are not displaced even in anhydrous acetonitrile. Of the 12 enzyme-bound acetonitrile molecules, 4 displace water molecules and 8 bind where no water had been observed before. One-third of all subtilisin-bound acetonitrile molecules reside in the active center, occupying the same region (P1, P2, and P3 binding sites) as the specific protein inhibitor eglin c.
Advances in real-time non-contact monitoring of medical thermal treatment through multistatic array microwave imaging (2015)

In this paper, we present some recent advances in real-time non-contact monitoring of thermal treatment through multistatic array imaging. The work presented was primarily motivated by the need to improve the flexibility and computational efficiency of the forward modeling of microwave imaging systems in general and of our real-time microwave thermal monitoring system in particular. Specifically, we have developed a conformal finite-difference time domain (CFDTD) solver that addresses several limitations inherent to our previously reported forward modeling methods. In particular, this CFDTD solver has enabled the implementation of a fully integrated numerical vector Green's function that addresses the task of linking the object's scattered field to the measured scattered voltage in a more general and flexible way than the waveport vector Green's function method used in our earlier work. Both the CFDTD solver and the integrated numerical Green's function are validated for a prototype microwave imaging cavity through comparison with CST Microwave Studio. These validated methods are currently being used in an ongoing experimental characterization of microwave imaging for both dielectric reconstruction and real-time thermal monitoring.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-AB Limits the Extent of Myocardial Infarction in a Rat Model (2002)

Aging hearts have impaired angiogenic function as a result of depressed PDGF-B production. Restoration of the dysregulated endothelial PDGF-mediated angiogenic pathway in the aging heart reverses the senescent impairment in cardioprotective angiogenic function and offers a foundation for developing novel therapies for cardiovascular disease in older individuals.
Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motor using Linear Discriminant Analysis (2004)

본 논문에서는 산업전반에 걸쳐 널리 사용되는 유도전동기의 고장상태를 검출하기 위해 선형판별분석기법에 기반을 둔 진단 알고리즘을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 기법은 우선 주기별로 실험에 의해 측정된 전류값의 입력차원을 주성분분석기법을 이용하여 축소한 후 선형판별분석기법을 이용하여 고장상태별로 특징벡터를 추출한다. 다음으로 진단단계는 확보된 고장 종류별 특징벡터와 운전시 입력되는 특징벡터간의 유클리디안 거리를 이용하여 유도전동기의 운전상태를 진단하는 구조로 되어있다. 마지막으로 선형판별분석기법의 타당성을 보이기 위해 노이즈가 있는 다양한 조건하에서 실험한 결과, 주성분분석기법만을 이용한 경우보다 우수한 결과를 나타냈다.