gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A performance evaluation of local descriptors (2005)

In this paper, we compare the performance of descriptors computed for local interest regions, as, for example, extracted by the Harris-Affine detector. Many different descriptors have been proposed in the literature. It is unclear which descriptors are more appropriate and how their performance depends on the interest region detector. The descriptors should be distinctive and at the same time robust to changes in viewing conditions as well as to errors of the detector. Our evaluation uses as criterion recall with respect to precision and is carried out for different image transformations. We compare shape context, steerable filters, PCA-SIFT, differential invariants, spin images, SIFT, complex filters, moment invariants, and cross-correlation for different types of interest regions. We also propose an extension of the SIFT descriptor and show that it outperforms the original method. Furthermore, we observe that the ranking of the descriptors is mostly independent of the interest region detector and that the SIFT-based descriptors perform best. Moments and steerable filters show the best performance among the low dimensional descriptors.
Inhibition of platelet aggregation by grafting RGD and KGD sequences on the structural scaffold of small disulfide-rich proteins (2006)

Disintegrins represent a group of disulfide-rich peptides ranging in size from 41 to over 80 residues and are antagonists of several integrin receptors. Disintegrins containing an RGD or KGD sequence are potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation as they block the binding of fibrinogen to alpha(IIb)beta(3) integrin. The high affinity binding to alpha(IIb)beta(3) in comparison to short linear peptides has been attributed to the localisation of the RGD or KGD sequence within a defined three-dimensional structure. Cystine knot microproteins are members of another family of small disulfide-rich peptides that consist of only 28-40 amino acid residues. They display numerous biological activities depending on the peptide sequence of loop regions that are fixed on a structural scaffold that is stabilised by three knot-forming disulfide bonds. In the present study we grafted RGD and KGD containing peptide sequences with seven and 11 amino acids, respectively, into two cystine knot microproteins, the trypsin inhibitor EETI-II and the melanocortin receptor binding domain of the human agouti-related protein AGRP, as well as into the small disintegrin obtustatin. The engineered proteins were much more potent to inhibit the fibrinogen binding, alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation and platelet aggregation when compared to the grafted peptides. Differences that were observed between the engineered proteins indicate the importance of the structural scaffold and the amino acids neighbouring the grafted peptide sequences.
β1-Integrin Circumvents the Antiproliferative Effects of Trastuzumab in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2–Positive Breast Cancer (2009)

Resistance to trastuzumab, the monoclonal antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), is a major concern for HER-2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. To date, HER-2 status is the only available biomarker for selecting patients for trastuzumab-based therapy. Beta(1)-integrin, an adhesion molecule involved in cell survival and drug resistance, shares common downstream signaling elements with HER-2, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways. The significance of beta(1)-integrin expression in HER-2-positive breast cancer and its involvement in a patient's response to trastuzumab-based therapy are unknown. We show here that overexpression of beta(1)-integrin is an independent negative prognostic factor for tumor progression of HER-2-positive MBC patients treated with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy. Enforced overexpression of beta(1)-integrin, its small interfering RNA-induced knockdown or treatment with a beta(1)-integrin-blocking antibody in HER-2-positive breast cancer cells, identified a strong inverse relationship between expression level of beta(1)-integrin and in vitro sensitivity to trastuzumab. Notably, beta(1)-integrin overexpression increased the phosphorylation of Akt-Ser473 and ERK1/2, thereby promoting survival and mitogenic signals to bypass the antiproliferative effects of trastuzumab. Our findings show that beta(1)-integrin provides a novel independent prognostic biomarker of trastuzumab response in HER-2-positive MBC patients and suggest a new target to augment the antiproliferative effects of trastuzumab.
Applications of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Flp-<i>FRT</i> System in Bacterial Genetics (2003)

The Flp-FRT site-specific recombination system from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a powerful and efficient tool for high-throughput genetic analysis of bacteria in the postgenomic era. This review highlights the features of the Flp-FRT system, describes current bacterial genetic methods incorporating this technology and, finally, suggests potential future uses of this system. In combination with improved allele replacement methods, recyclable FRT mutagenesis cassettes, whose antibiotic resistance markers can be excised from the chromosome in vivo, are useful for the rapid construction of multiple, unmarked mutations in the same chromosome, and thus aid in the generation of live vaccine strains or food-safe bacteria. The high-specificity of the Flp-FRT system makes it also applicable for manipulation of whole genomes, including in vivo cloning of large genomic segments. Integration-proficient vectors, from which antibiotic resistance markers and replication functions can be evicted after integration of the desired sequences into the chromosome, are useful for the construction of strains destined for environmental release, e.g. strains used as biosensors or for bioremediation. Although the Flp-FRT system is extremely efficient and easy to use, its true potential in bacterial genetics has not yet been fully exploited. On the contrary, in many instances this technology is probably greatly underutilized, especially in gram-positive bacteria.
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial of a Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist for Overactive Bladder (2010)

Serlopitant (0.25 and 4 mg) significantly decreased the primary end point of daily micturitions but not the secondary end points compared with placebo. Serlopitant was generally well tolerated. Thus, NK-1 receptor antagonists may have a role in the treatment of overactive bladder but this compound does not offer advantages in efficacy compared to tolterodine.
Load Signature Study—Part II: Disaggregation Framework, Simulation, and Applications (2009)

Load signatures embedded in common electricity consumption patterns, in fact, could render much information pertaining to the nature of the appliances and their usage patterns. Based on the proposed disaggregation framework, we use three advanced disaggregation algorithms, called committee decision mechanisms (CDMs), to perform load disaggregation at the metering level. Three random switching simulators are also developed to investigate the performance of different CDMs under a variety of scenarios. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that all CDMs outperform any single-feature, single-algorithm-based disaggregation methods. With sensitivity analysis, we also show that the CDMs are less sensitive to any load dynamics and noise. We finally demonstrate some applications of this technology in terms of appliance usage tacking and estimated energy consumption of each appliance.
The Ensembl Analysis Pipeline (2004)

The Ensembl pipeline is an extension to the Ensembl system which allows automated annotation of genomic sequence. The software comprises two parts. First, there is a set of Perl modules ("Runnables" and "RunnableDBs") which are 'wrappers' for a variety of commonly used analysis tools. These retrieve sequence data from a relational database, run the analysis, and write the results back to the database. They inherit from a common interface, which simplifies the writing of new wrapper modules. On top of this sits a job submission system (the "RuleManager") which allows efficient and reliable submission of large numbers of jobs to a compute farm. Here we describe the fundamental software components of the pipeline, and we also highlight some features of the Sanger installation which were necessary to enable the pipeline to scale to whole-genome analysis.
Tim-3 enhances FcεRI-proximal signaling to modulate mast cell activation (2015)

T cell (or transmembrane) immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein 3 (Tim-3) has attracted significant attention as a novel immune checkpoint receptor (ICR) on chronically stimulated, often dysfunctional, T cells. Antibodies to Tim-3 can enhance antiviral and antitumor immune responses. Tim-3 is also constitutively expressed by mast cells, NK cells and specific subsets of macrophages and dendritic cells. There is ample evidence for a positive role for Tim-3 in these latter cell types, which is at odds with the model of Tim-3 as an inhibitory molecule on T cells. At this point, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which Tim-3 regulates the function of T cells or other cell types. We have focused on defining the effects of Tim-3 ligation on mast cell activation, as these cells constitutively express Tim-3 and are activated through an ITAM-containing receptor for IgE (FcεRI), using signaling pathways analogous to those in T cells. Using a variety of gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we find that Tim-3 acts at a receptor-proximal point to enhance Lyn kinase-dependent signaling pathways that modulate both immediate-phase degranulation and late-phase cytokine production downstream of FcεRI ligation.
Explaining Pakistan's High Growth Performance Over the Past Two Decades: Can it be Sustained? (1995)

Pakistan’s 6.0% p.a. growth rate over the past two decades has been considered by some as a “development puzzle” because this growth performance has been accompanied by three major disconcerting factors-high fiscal and current account deficits, relatively low savings and investment rates, and poor human capital formation. Using a standard statistical growth analysis, the paper shows that, consistent with the predictions of economic theory, the main determinants of growth have been: a rapid pace of physical capital accumulation, the positive contribution of labour force growth, greater competition from external trade, and a policy of economic liberalization since 1978. The growth impact of these traditional factors was augmented by improvements in total factor productivity resulting from greater trade and other economic liberalization that has happened in Pakistan since 1978. The sustainability of this high growth performance over the medium-to-longer term in the future is, however, doubtful. The outlook for the 1990s is that both foreign and domestic real interest rates will remain significantly positive. In this situation, if Pakistan were to continue to run fiscal deficits of the same magnitude as in the past, a financial crisis is likely to emerge pretty rapidly. Using a macroeconomic consistency framework, the paper derives estimates of sustainable current account deficits (i.e., deficits that do not worsen external creditworthingess) in the range of 3% of GDP p.a. Consistent with this and the Government’s inflation target of 5% p.a., the sustainable fiscal deficits are in the range of 4.5-5% of GDP p.a. Given the need to reduce macroeconomic imbalances, the paper also concludes that a substantial adjustment effort will be needed to raise domestic saving and investment in order to ensure the consistency of these macroeconomic targets with the growth target. Lower fiscal deficits will also help reconcile the need for greater financial resource mobilization with the objective of stimulating private investment. Finally, the paper argues that Pakistan’s ability to sustain high growth rates over the longer terms will also depend upon rapid progress with human capital development
Animal models in xenotransplantation (2000)

The severe shortage of donor organs has provided a strong impetus to push the investigation into the use of animal organs for humans. Xenotransplantation will not only benefit patients, but also represents a unique and potentially profitable business opportunity. However, there are many barriers to successful clinical xenotransplantation, including immunological barriers, physiological incompatibility, zoonosis and ethical concerns. This overview will focus on currently available animal models used in attempts to break through the immunological barriers to xenotransplantation. There are many advantages to using small animal, namely rodent, models in xenotransplantation research. For example, the use of the mouse model allows the use of knockout mice and careful dissection of rejection mechanisms at the molecular level. The following models can be used to study hyperacute rejection (HAR): guinea-pig-to-rat, mouse-to-rabbit, guinea-pig-to-mouse, rat-to-presensitised mouse and rat-to-α-Gal knockout mouse. The hamster-to-rat, mouse-to-rat and rat-to-mouse models are commonly used to study acute vascular rejection. Large animal models are complex and expensive, but they are more relevant to clinical xenotransplantation. Based on experiments using transgenic pig-to-primate models, HAR can be overcome. However, acute vascular rejection remains a major barrier at the present time. A pig cartilage-to-monkey model has been developed to study chronic rejection. Other novel models such as pig venous segment-to-monkey model and rat-to-primate model may represent viable options to study immunological barriers following xenotransplantation. Like many other medical breakthroughs, animal research will continue to make enormous contributions towards the eventual success of xenotransplantation.
Synthesis of 7‐ and 5,7‐substituted‐6‐fluoro‐2‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines: Convenient precursors of quinolone antibacterial agents (1992)

Abstract An original procedure to obtain substitution at the 7 or 5, 7 positions on 6‐halogenated tetrahydroquinaldines is described. The title products are a new class of precursors of quinolone antibacterial agents.
A fully automatic redeye detection and correction algorithm (2003)

A fully automatic redeye detection and correction algorithm was developed at Eastman Kodak Company Research Laboratories. The algorithm is highly sophisticated so that it is able to distinguish most redeye pairs from scene content. It is also highly optimized for execution speed and memory usage enabling it to be included in a variety of products. Detected redeyes are corrected so that the red color is removed, but the eye maintains a natural look.
Cyclosporin A inhibits the growth of Cryptococcus neoformans in a murine model (1988)

Cryptococcus neoformans is a frequent opportunistic infectious agent in patients with decreased T-lymphocyte-mediated immune function, including those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Cyclosporin A (CsA), a potent inhibitor of T-lymphocyte function, was administered subcutaneously to mice to study the pathogenesis of C. neoformans infections in the setting of impaired T-cell function. Surprisingly, survival was prolonged indefinitely in animals that received immunosuppressive doses of CsA following either intratracheal or intravenous inoculations of C. neoformans. Furthermore, following intratracheal inoculation, mice treated with CsA cleared C. neoformans from their lungs more rapidly than did control mice. CsA directly inhibited the growth of C. neoformans when it was added to cultures in vitro at concentrations comparable to the blood levels achieved in experimental mice. Thus, CsA inhibited both in vitro and in vivo growth of C. neoformans. While these results must be extended to studies in humans, these data suggest that patients who now receive CsA-immunosuppressive therapy may be fortuitously protected against infections with C. neoformans. Furthermore, research into cyclosporin derivatives may yield compounds with less immunosuppressive properties and enhanced antifungal activity.
INFLUENCE OF MACROPHAGE DEPLETION ON BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION AND REJECTION IN SMALL BOWEL TRANSPLANTATION (1996)

Rejection and sepsis can be intimately related following small bowel transplantation when rejection compromises normal intestinal barrier mechanisms and bacterial translocation results. Macrophages play a role in controlling the egress of intestinal luminal bacteria--and they have also been implicated in allograft rejection. In this study, the role of macrophages in rejection and bacterial translocation was evaluated by depleting macrophages in donors and/or recipients of rat small bowel allografts with injection of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate (CL2MDP). In preliminary studies, we demonstrated that a single intraperitoneal injection of liposome-encapsulated CL2MDP (350 mg/kg) depleted ED2-positive macrophages by > 90% in the liver mesenteric lymph nodes and proximal and distal small bowel, and by approximately 50% in the spleen. ED1-positive macrophages were depleted by > 90% in the liver and by approximately 50% at the other sites. ED3-positive macrophages were completely depleted. Dendritic cells were > 90% depleted in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes, but were not depleted in the small bowel. Macrophage depletion in the donor resulted in increased translocation of bacteria to the peritoneal cavity (P = 0.03) if recipient macrophages were present. With histopathologic analysis, a significantly milder rejection with less arteritis was seen in the allografts of the recipient macrophage-depleted group compared with nondepleted controls (P = 0.045). This suggests that recipient macrophages play an important role in rejection. With macrophage depletion in both the donor and the recipient, graft survival was prolonged significantly (13.2 +/- 1.9 days) compared with non-macrophage-depleted controls (9.2 +/- 1.3 days) (P = 0.003). These studies suggest that strategies targeting recipient macrophages may be useful in controlling small bowel allograft rejection without increasing bacterial translocation.
Interactive phenotyping of large-scale histology imaging data with HistomicsML (2017)

ABSTRACT Whole-slide imaging of histologic sections captures tissue microenvironments and cytologic details in expansive high-resolution images. These images can be mined to extract quantitative features that describe histologic elements, yielding measurements for hundreds of millions of objects. A central challenge in utilizing this data is enabling investigators to train and evaluate classification rules for identifying objects related to processes like angiogenesis or immune response. Here we present HistomicsML, an interactive machine-learning framework for large whole-slide imaging data. HistomicsML uses active learning direct user feedback, making classifier training efficient and scalable in datasets containing 10 8 + histologic objects. We demonstrate how HistomicsML can be used to phenotype microvascular structures in gliomas to predict survival, and to explore the molecular pathways associated with these phenotypes. Our approach enables researchers to unlock phenotypic information from digital pathology datasets to investigate prognostic image biomarkers and genotype-phenotype associations.
What Might a Person-Centred Model of Teacher Education Look Like in the 21st Century? The Transformism Model of Teacher Education (2010)

This article focuses on Big Picture thinking about 21st-century teacher education and presents a conceptual shift as the result of two decades of research and practice centred around an understanding that we live in a world troubled by a massive breakdown in relationships. Through reflection within four specific educational contexts and with the recognition of a need for the personal and social development of teachers, a person-centred model of teacher education, the transformism model, has been developed. The transformism, or evolution of teacher education, seeks to use a different mind-set, or a changed psychology, which moves away from a focus on the control of others by those who think they know what is best. Rather it is about transformative learning, achieved through reflection within a landscape of transformation. Effective teacher education, using this model embraces Gardner’s Five Minds for the Future and the embedding of Glasser’s choice theory. The conceptual shift occurs through a major change in consciousness and the concomitant development of a worldview rather than a me view.
On the convergence of the quasioptimality criterion for (iterated) Tikhonov regularization (2008)

In this paper we derive convergence and convergence rates resultsof the quasioptimality criterion for (iterated) Tikhonov regularization. Weprove convergence and suboptimal rates under a qualitative condition on thedecay of the noise with respect to the spectral family of $T$$T$*. Moreover,optimal rates are obtained if the exact solution satisfies a decay condition withrespect to the spectral family of $T$*$T$.
The Raman Spectrum and the Structure of Water (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Raman Spectrum and the Structure of WaterPaul C. Cross, John Burnham, and Philip A. LeightonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 6, 1134–1147Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1937https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01285a052RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views6602Altmetric-Citations210LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wearable devices: new ways to manage information (1999)

Although the Information Age has many upsides, one of its major downsides is information overload. Indeed, the amount of information easily pushes the limit of what people can manage. This conflict drives research to seek a solution to humanity's information woes. As computers have shrunk from room size to palm size, so they have also moved from being passive accessories, such as laptops and personal digital assistants, to wearable appliances that form an integral part of our personal space. Wearable computers are always on and accessible. As the computer moves from desktop to coat pocket to the human body, its ability to help manage, sort, and filter information will become more intimately connected to our daily lives. The paper discusses the principles of wearable computers.
Turning on Natural Killer Cells (2000)

NK cells preferentially recognize and kill cells that lack expression of MHC class I ([1][1]). While inhibitory receptors expressing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs prevent NK cells from harming tissues expressing normal levels of classical or nonclassical MHC class I (for a review,