gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The control of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell survival (2008)

CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are believed to play an important role in suppressing autoimmunity and maintaining peripheral tolerance. How their survival is regulated in the periphery is less clear. Here we show that Treg cells express receptors for gamma chain cytokines and are dependent on an exogenous supply of these cytokines to overcome cytokine withdrawal apoptosis in vitro. This result was validated in vivo by the accumulation of Treg cells in Bim-/- and Bcl-2 tg mice which have arrested cytokine deprivation apoptosis. We also found that CD25 and Foxp3 expression were down-regulated in the absence of these cytokines. CD25+ cells from Scurfy mice do not depend on cytokines for survival demonstrating that Foxp3 increases their dependence on cytokines by suppressing cytokine production in Treg cells. Our study reveals that the survival of Treg cells is strictly dependent on cytokines and cytokine producing cells because they do not produce cytokines. Our study thus, demonstrates that different gamma chain cytokines regulate Treg homeostasis in the periphery by differentially regulating survival and proliferation. These findings may shed light on ways to manipulate Treg cells that could be utilized for their therapeutic applications.
The NMR phased array (1990)

We describe methods for simultaneously acquiring and subsequently combining data from a multitude of closely positioned NMR receiving coils. The approach is conceptually similar to phased array radar and ultrasound and hence we call our techniques the "NMR phased array." The NMR phased array offers the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and resolution of a small surface coil over fields-of-view (FOV) normally associated with body imaging with no increase in imaging time. The NMR phased array can be applied to both imaging and spectroscopy for all pulse sequences. The problematic interactions among nearby surface coils is eliminated (a) by overlapping adjacent coils to give zero mutual inductance, hence zero interaction, and (b) by attaching low input impedance preamplifiers to all coils, thus eliminating interference among next nearest and more distant neighbors. We derive an algorithm for combining the data from the phased array elements to yield an image with optimum SNR. Other techniques which are easier to implement at the cost of lower SNR are explored. Phased array imaging is demonstrated with high resolution (512 x 512, 48-cm FOV, and 32-cm FOV) spin-echo images of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Data were acquired from four-element linear spine arrays, the first made of 12-cm square coils and the second made of 8-cm square coils. When compared with images from a single 15 x 30-cm rectangular coil and identical imaging parameters, the phased array yields a 2X and 3X higher SNR at the depth of the spine (approximately 7 cm).
Supero: A sensor system for unsupervised residential power usage monitoring (2013)

As a key technology of home area networks in smart grids, fine-grained power usage monitoring may help conserve electricity. Several existing systems achieve this goal by exploiting appliances' power usage signatures identified in labor-intensive in situ training processes. Recent work shows that autonomous power usage monitoring can be achieved by supplementing a smart meter with distributed sensors that detect the working states of appliances. However, sensors must be carefully installed for each appliance, resulting in high installation cost. This paper presents Supero - the first ad hoc sensor system that can monitor appliance power usage without supervised training. By exploiting multisensor fusion and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, Supero can classify the appliance events of interest and autonomously associate measured power usage with the respective appliances. Our extensive evaluation in five real homes shows that Supero can estimate the energy consumption with errors less than 7.5%. Moreover, non-professional users can quickly deploy Supero with considerable flexibility.
Pathogenic significance of interleukin-6 (IL-6/BSF-2) in Castleman's disease (1989)

Castleman's disease is a syndrome consisting of giant lymph node hyperplasia with plasma cell infiltration, fever, anemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and an increase in the plasma level of acute phase proteins. It has been reported that clinical abnormalities disappear after the resection of the affected lymph nodes, suggesting that products of lymph nodes may cause such clinical abnormalities. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine inducing B-cell differentiation to immunoglobulin-producing cells and regulating biosynthesis of acute phase proteins. This report demonstrates that the germinal centers of hyperplastic lymph nodes of patients with Castleman's disease produce large quantities of IL-6 without any significant production of other cytokines. In a patient with a solitary hyperplastic lymph node, clinical improvement and decrease in serum IL-6 were observed following surgical removal of the involved lymph node. There was a correlation between serum IL-6 level, lymph node hyperplasia, hypergammaglobulinemia, increased level of acute phase proteins, and clinical abnormalities. The findings in this report indicate that the generation of IL-6 by B cells in germinal centers of hyperplastic lymph nodes of Castleman's disease may be the key element responsible for the variety of clinical symptoms in this disease.
Photonic integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an on-chip reference arm for optical coherence tomography (2014)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive, three-dimensional imaging modality with several medical and industrial applications. Integrated photonics has the potential to enable mass production of OCT devices to significantly reduce size and cost, which can increase its use in established fields as well as enable new applications. Using silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) waveguides, we fabricated an integrated interferometer for spectrometer-based OCT. The integrated photonic circuit consists of four splitters and a 190 mm long reference arm with a foot-print of only 10 × 33 mm(2). It is used as the core of a spectral domain OCT system consisting of a superluminescent diode centered at 1320 nm with 100 nm bandwidth, a spectrometer with 1024 channels, and an x-y scanner. The sensitivity of the system was measured at 0.25 mm depth to be 65 dB with 0.1 mW on the sample. Using the system, we imaged human skin in vivo. With further optimization in design and fabrication technology, Si3N4/SiO2 waveguides have a potential to serve as a platform for passive photonic integrated circuits for OCT.
INCOMPLETE MARKETS AND COMMODITY-LINKED FINANCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (1992)

This article provides a framework for appraising new financial instruments and evaluating the extent to which they can help alleviate problems of incomplete credit markets and contingent claims markets in developing countries. Although the issues involved apply to any new financial instrument, we give particular attention to commodity-linked securities because many developing countries specialize in producing a handful of primary commodities and are therefore exposed to substantial commodity price risks. The article looks at the supply of, demand for, and pricing of commodity-linked securities and discusses some issues that affect their use by developing countries: their special legal status as sovereign debt; their feasibility (since to become truly effective they will require liquid secondary markets); and the construction of an optimal portfolio of external debt obligations. It also discusses the potential for new financial instruments—particularly commodity-linked securities—as a tool for risk management in developing countries.
Decellularization and Recellularization of Whole Livers (2011)

The liver is a complex organ which requires constant perfusion for delivery of nutrients and oxygen and removal of waste in order to survive. Efforts to recreate or mimic the liver microstructure with grounds up approach using tissue engineering and microfabrication techniques have not been successful so far due to this design challenge. In addition, synthetic biomaterials used to create scaffolds for liver tissue engineering applications have been limited in inducing tissue regeneration and repair in large part due to the lack of specific cell binding motifs that would induce the proper cell functions. Decellularized native tissues such blood vessels and skin on the other hand have found many applications in tissue engineering, and have provided a practical solution to some of the challenges. The advantage of decellularized native matrix is that it retains, to an extent, the original composition, and the microstructure, hence enhancing cell attachment and reorganization. In this work we describe the methods to perform perfusion-decellularization of the liver, such that an intact liver bioscaffold that retains the structure of major blood vessels is obtained. Further, we describe methods to recellularize these bioscaffolds with adult primary hepatocytes, creating a liver graft that is functional in vitro, and has the vessel access necessary for transplantation in vivo.
The energetics of HMG box interactions with DNA: thermodynamics of the DNA binding of the HMG box from mouse sox-5 (1999)

The energetics of the Sox-5 HMG box interaction with DNA duplexes, containing the recognition sequence AACAAT, were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Fluorescence titration showed that the association constant of this HMG box with the duplexes is of the order 4x10(7) M(-1), increasing somewhat with temperature rise, i.e. the Gibbs energy is -40 kJ mol(-1) at 5 degrees C, decreasing to -48 kJ mol(-1) at 32 degrees C. ITC measurements of the enthalpy of association over this temperature range showed an endothermic effect below 17 degrees C and an exothermic effect above, suggesting a heat capacity change on binding of about -4 kJ K(-1) mol(-1), a value twice larger than expected from structural considerations. A straightforward interpretation of ITC data in heat capacity terms assumes, however, that the heat capacities of all participants in the association reaction do not change over the considered temperature range. Our previous studies showed that over the temperature range of the ITC experiments the HMG box of Sox-5 starts to unfold, absorbing heat and the heat capacities of the DNA duplexes also increase significantly. These heat capacity effects differ from that of the DNA/Sox-5 complex. Correcting the ITC measured binding enthalpies for the heat capacity changes of the components and complex yielded the net enthalpies which exhibit a temperature dependence of about -2 kJ K(-1) mol(-1), in good agreement with that predicted on the basis of dehydration of the protein-DNA interface. Using the derived heat capacity change and the enthalpy and Gibbs energy of association measured at 5 degrees C, the net enthalpy and entropy of association of the fully folded HMG box with the target DNA duplexes was determined over a broad temperature range. These functions were compared with those for other known cases of sequence specific DNA/protein association. It appears that the enthalpy and entropy of association of minor groove binding proteins are more positive than for proteins binding in the major groove. The observed thermodynamic characteristics of protein binding to the A+T-rich minor groove of DNA might result from dehydration of both polar and non-polar groups at the interface and release of counterions. The expected entropy of dehydration was calculated and found to be too large to be compensated by the negative entropy of reduction of translational/rotational freedom. This implies that DNA/HMG box association proceeds with significant decrease of conformational entropy, i.e. reduction in conformational mobility.
Numerical abnormalities of chromosome 7 in human prostate cancer detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on paraffin‐embedded tissue sections with centromere‐specific dna probes (1994)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using chromosome-specific alpha-satellite DNA probes for chromosomes 7, 8, and 12 was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections and touch imprint preparations of 53 cases of human prostate cancer. Subsequent haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining of the hybridized tissue sections allowed unambiguous assignment of hybridization signals either to tumour or to non-tumorous parenchyma. Fifty-three cases of human prostate cancer were evaluated for numerical aberrations of chromosome 7. Scoring 200 cells of tumour and non-tumorous parenchyma in each case revealed abnormalities exclusively in tumour parenchyma in 41 cases (77 per cent). Ten of 41 cases (24 per cent) showed trisomy 7, and 15 cases (37 per cent) monosomy 7 or trisomy 7 in combination with monosomy 7, respectively. Sixteen cases (39 per cent) exhibited polysomy 7 in cells of the tumour parenchyma. In the tumour tissue in one case, different polyploid clones (triploid, tetraploid) and polysomy 7 could be identified by double hybridization with chromosome-specific DNA probes for chromosome 7, plus 8 or 12. The indicated numerical aberrations of chromosome 7 were correlated with 78 per cent of advanced pathological stages or poorly differentiated tumours (pT3/4 or G3) of prostate carcinomas. A statistical analysis of the data revealed significant relationships of particular numerical abnormalities of chromosome 7 to different pathological categories (pT, G, pN) of tumour classification. For the T-classification, the frequency of cells carrying polysomy 7 and polysomy 7/+7 increases significantly from pT1 to pT3/4 (P = 0.022).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Molecular Link between the Active Component of Marijuana and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology (2006)

Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia among the elderly, and with the ever-increasing size of this population, cases of Alzheimer's disease are expected to triple over the next 50 years. Consequently, the development of treatments that slow or halt the disease progression have become imperative to both improve the quality of life for patients and reduce the health care costs attributable to Alzheimer's disease. Here, we demonstrate that the active component of marijuana, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), competitively inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as well as prevents AChE-induced amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) aggregation, the key pathological marker of Alzheimer's disease. Computational modeling of the THC-AChE interaction revealed that THC binds in the peripheral anionic site of AChE, the critical region involved in amyloidgenesis. Compared to currently approved drugs prescribed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, THC is a considerably superior inhibitor of Abeta aggregation, and this study provides a previously unrecognized molecular mechanism through which cannabinoid molecules may directly impact the progression of this debilitating disease.
Rapid Determination of Mixed Beta-Gamma Radionuclides in Urine (1959)

A bio-assay procedure was developed which enables a rapid estimation of the total amount of &b.beta;-γ emitting isotopes in a urine specimen. The &b.beta;-γ emitting radionuclides are coprecipitated from urine on an ammoniacal alkaline earth phosphate precipitate. The filtered precipitate is fired in a muffle furnace, dissolved, and directly plancheted. The planchet is both &b.beta;- and γ-counted. The recoveries of strontium-89, strontium-yttrium-90, zirconium-niobium-95, cerium-praseodymium-144, iron-59, chromium-51, and zinc-65 are greater than 90 per cent. Cobalt has a recovery of 85 per cent.
The dynamics of O2 adsorption on Pt(533): Step mediated molecular chemisorption and dissociation (2000)

The dissociative adsorption of oxygen on the stepped Pt(533) surface has been investigated using supersonic molecular beams by measuring the initial dissociative sticking probability S0 as a function of incident kinetic energy Ei, angle Φ, surface temperature TS, and S as a function of coverage Θ. By comparison with dynamical data available on the Pt(111) surface we have been able to establish that step sites dominate the dissociative adsorption process. S0(Ei) for oxygen on Pt(533) at TS=200 in the energy range 52 meV–1.4 eV shows a similar functional dependence to results on Pt(111), however, the magnitude of S0 on Pt(533) is significantly greater at all energies. The measurement of S0(Φ), scattering in a plane perpendicular to the step direction at Ei=1.18 eV at TS=350 K, reveals a strong and asymmetric angular dependence which contains contributions associated with activated adsorption and dissociation of the chemisorbed precursor on the (111) terraces, and a second contribution associated with activated dissociation through a similar channel at the step sites. The latter exhibits a maximum in S0(Φ) at 35°, near the angle corresponding to the normal of the (100) step plane. S0(TS) at Ei=1.18 eV and Φ=0° reveals a much smaller temperature dependence in the range 150&amp;gt;TS(K)&amp;gt;800 on Pt(533) than on Pt(111). At Ei=1.18 eV and Φ=0° ca. 15%–25% of dissociation takes place through molecules impinging directly at step sites. The remaining fraction dissociate through activated adsorption of the chemisorbed species on the (111) terrace and subsequent partition between desorption, and dissociation at step sites. Dissociation of the chemisorbed precursor on the (111) terrace appears highly activated, a result which is consistent with theory. The rapid decrease in S0(Ei) observed below 0.15 eV on Pt(533), observed also on Pt(111), is consistent with a trapping mechanism where the need to dissipate energy limits the probability of adsorption, and subsequent dissociation, of the physisorbed precursor. Kinetic modelling of this partition on Pt(533), between the conversion of the physisorbed precursor to the chemisorbed species, and desorption yields ΔE=120 meV and vd/vpc=80. We conclude that the effective barrier to conversion of the physisorbed to chemisorbed species on Pt(533) is effectively zero. We conclude that defects will tend to dominate this conversion process on the close packed surface. In addition to this channel, at Ei=0.05 meV ca. 50% of molecules dissociate through the same channel operating at higher energy on Pt(533).
Design optimization for efficient erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (1990)

The gain and pumping efficiency of aluminosilicate erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are analyzed as a function of guiding parameters and Er-doping profile for two pump wavelengths of lambda /sub p/=980 nm and lambda /sub p/=1.47 mu m. Three designs of fiber-amplifier waveguides are considered: one with the same mode size as standard 1.5- mu m communication fibers (type 1); one with the same mode size as standard 1.5- mu m dispersion-shifted fibers (type 2); and one with mode size smaller than those of communication fibers (type 3). For the 1.47- mu m pump, fundamental LP/sub 01/ mode excitation is assumed, while for the lambda /sub p/=980-nm pump, concurrent excitation of LP/sub 11/ modes is considered. It is shown that excitation of higher-order pump modes at 980 nm does not significantly affect the amplifier gain performance. The effect of concentrating the Er/sup 3+/ doping near the center of the fiber core is shown to increase the amplifier gain coefficients by a factor of 1.5 to 2.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The preparation and properties of some derivatives of 1-phenylpyrazole (1954)

I. L. Finar and K. E. Godfrey, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 2293 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540002293
Stimulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide synthesis and release (2004)

These results suggest, for the first time, that the hypotensive effect of Rut is mediated by stimulation of CGRP synthesis and release via activation of VR1 in the phenol-induced hypertensive rat.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies of Novel Pyrazolopyridine Derivatives as Inhibitors of Enterovirus Replication (2018)

A series of novel pyrazolopyridine compounds have been designed and prepared by a general synthetic route. Their activities against the replication of poliovirus-1, EV-A71, and CV-B3 enteroviruses were evaluated. The comprehensive understanding of the structure-activity relationship was obtained by utilizing the variation of four positions, namely, N1, C6, C4, and linker unit. From the screened analogues, the inhibitors with the highest selectivity indices at 50% inhibition of viral replication (SI<sub>50</sub>) were those with isopropyl at the N1 position and thiophenyl-2-yl unit at C6 position. Furthermore, the C4 position offered the greatest potential for improvement because many different N-aryl groups had better antiviral activities and compatibilities than the lead compound JX001. For example, JX040 with a 2-pyridyl group was the analogue with the most potent activity against non-polio enteroviruses, and JX025, possessing a 3-sulfamoylphenyl moiety, had the best activity against polioviruses. In addition, analogue JX037, possessing a novel pyrazolopyridine heterocycle, was also shown to have good antienteroviral activity, which further enlarges the compound space for antienteroviral drug design.
Osmium tetraoxide catalyzed vicinal hydroxylation of higher olefins by using hexacyanoferrate(III) ion as a cooxidant (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOsmium tetraoxide catalyzed vicinal hydroxylation of higher olefins by using hexacyanoferrate(III) ion as a cooxidantMakoto Minato, Keiji Yamamoto, and Jiro TsujiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 2, 766–768Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00289a066https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00289a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2747Altmetric-Citations176LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation and comparison of arylsulfatase A from rat liver and Morris hepatoma 7777 (1983)

Rat liver and Morris hepatoma 7777 arylsulfatase A were isolated from the soluble lysosomal extract by a procedure involving blue-Sepharose affinity chromatography, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The preparation obtained by this method was apparently homogenous in disc electrophoresis and in immunoelectrophoresis. The comparative studies revealed that the properties of arylsulfatase A from rat liver and Morris hepatoma 7777 are very similar, considering molecular weight of the native monomer and its subunits, the ability to form tetramers, isoelectric point, Michaelis constant and the anomalous kinetics of the reaction. The twofold elevation of arylsulfatase B activity found in Morris hepatoma 7777 suggests that the enzyme may have certain functions in tumor growth.