gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo stimulation of granulopoiesis by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. (1987)

Osmotic pumps containing Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) were attached to indwelling jugular vein catheters and implanted subcutaneously into Golden Syrian hamsters. Within 3 days, peripheral granulocyte counts had increased greater than 10-fold with a concomitant 4-fold increase in total leukocytes. Microscopic examination of Wright-Giemsa-stained blood smears from rhG-CSF hamsters showed that only the neutrophil subpopulation of granulocytes had increased. No significant changes in lymphocyte or monocyte counts were observed during the course of continuous rhG-CSF treatment. After subcutaneous injection at rhG-CSF doses of up to 10 micrograms X kg-1 X day-1 only granulocyte counts were affected. However, at higher dose levels, a transient thrombocytopenia was noted. Erythrocyte had lymphocyte/monocyte counts remained unaffected by rhG-CSF over the entire dose range (0.3-300 micrograms X kg-1 X day-1) studied. Total leukocyte counts increased 3-fold within 12 hr after a single s.c. injection of rhG-CSF. This early effect was associated with an increase in the total number of colony-forming cells and the percent of active cycling cells in the marrow. A sustained elevation of peripheral leukocyte and marrow progenitor counts was observed following seven daily s.c. injections of rhG-CSF. The ability of rhG-CSF to increase the production and release of granulocytes from the marrow may underlie the beneficial effect it produced on the restoration of peripheral leukocyte counts in hamsters made leukopenic by treatment with 5-fluorouracil.
Distance Metric Learning with Application to Clustering with Side-Information (2002)

Many algorithms rely critically on being given a good metric over their inputs. For instance, data can often be clustered in many &amp;quot;plausible&amp;quot; ways, and if a clustering algorithm such as K-means initially fails to find one that is meaningful to a user, the only recourse may be for the user to manually tweak the metric until sufficiently good clusters are found. For these and other applications requiring good metrics, it is desirable that we provide a more systematic way for users to indicate what they consider &amp;quot;similar.&amp;quot; For instance, we may ask them to provide examples. In this paper, we present an algorithm that, given examples of similar (and, if desired, dissimilar) pairs of points in , learns a distance metric over that respects these relationships. Our method is based on posing metric learning as a convex optimization problem, which allows us to give efficient, local-optima-free algorithms. We also demonstrate empirically that the learned metrics can be used to significantly improve clustering performance.
Telecommunication networks: protocols, modeling and analysis (1986)

1. Introduction and Overview. 2. Introduction to Queuing Theory. 3. Layered Architectures in Data Networks. 4. Data Link Layer. 5. Examples and Performance Analysis. 6. Network Layer: Flow Control and Congestion Control. 7. Network Layer: Routing Function Transport Layer. 8. Polling and Random Access in Data Networks. 9. Local Area Networks. 10. Introduction to Circuits Switching. 11. Call Processing in Digital Circuit-switching Systems. 12. The Evolution toward Integrated Networks.
Mind reading machines: automated inference of cognitive mental states from video (2005)

Mind reading encompasses our ability to attribute mental states to others, and is essential for operating in a complex social environment. The goal in building mind reading machines is to enable computer technologies to understand and react to people's emotions and mental states. This paper describes a system, for the automated inference of cognitive mental states from observed facial expressions and head gestures in video. The system is based on a multilevel dynamic Bayesian network classifier which models cognitive mental states as a number of interacting facial and head displays. Experimental results yield an average recognition rate of 87.4% for 6 mental states groups: agreement, concentrating, disagreement, interested, thinking and unsure. Real time performance, unobtrusiveness and lack of preprocessing make our system particularly suitable for user-independent human computer interaction
Polyomavirus-Associated Nephropathy in Renal Transplantation: Interdisciplinary Analyses and Recommendations (2005)

Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN) is an emerging cause of kidney transplant failure affecting 1-10% of patients. As uncertainty exists regarding risk factors, diagnosis, and intervention, an independent panel of experts reviewed the currently available evidence and prepared this report. Most cases of PVAN are elicited by BK virus (BKV) in the context of intense immunosuppression. No specific immunosuppressive drug is exclusively associated with PVAN, but most cases reported to date arise while the patient is on triple immunosuppressive combinations, often comprising tacrolimus and/or mycophenolate mofetil plus corticosteroids. Immunologic control of polyomavirus replication can be achieved by reducing, switching, and/or discontinuing components of the immunosuppressive regimen, but the individual's risk of rejection should be considered. The success rate of this intervention is increased with earlier diagnosis. Therefore, it is recommended that all renal transplant recipients should be screened for BKV replication in the urine: 1) every three months during the first two years posttransplant; 2) when allograft dysfunction is noted; and 3) when allograft biopsy is performed. A positive screening result should be confirmed in <4 weeks and assessed by quantitative assays (e.g. BKV DNA or RNA load in plasma or urine). Definitive diagnosis of PVAN requires allograft biopsy. If PVAN and concurrent acute rejection is diagnosed, antirejection treatment should be considered, coupled with subsequently reducing immunosuppression. The antiviral cidofovir is not approved for PVAN, but investigational use at low doses (0.25-0.33 mg/kg intravenously biweekly) without probenicid should be considered for refractory cases. Retransplantation after renal allograft loss to PVAN remains a treatment option for patients clearing polyomavirus replication.
Integrin-Linked Kinase, a Hypoxia-Responsive Molecule, Controls Postnatal Vasculogenesis by Recruitment of Endothelial Progenitor Cells to Ischemic Tissue (2006)

Endogenous ILK is a novel and physiological upstream responder of numerous intracellular molecules involved in hypoxic stress in ECs and may control the recruitment of EPCs to ischemic tissue.
Granule exocytosis mediates immune surveillance of senescent cells (2012)

Senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest program that contributes to tumor suppression, organismal aging and certain wound healing responses. During liver fibrosis, for example, hepatic stellate cells initially proliferate and secrete extracellular matrix components that produce fibrosis; however, these cells eventually senesce and are cleared by immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we examine how NK cells target senescent cells and assess the impact of this process on liver fibrosis. We show that granule exocytosis, but not death-receptor-mediated apoptosis, is required for NK-cell-mediated killing of senescent cells. This pathway bias is due to upregulation of the decoy death receptor, Dcr2, an established senescence marker that attenuates NK-mediated cell death. Accordingly, mice with defects in granule exocytosis accumulate senescent stellate cells and display more liver fibrosis in response to a fibrogenic agent. Our results thus provide new insights into the immune surveillance of senescent cells and reveal how granule exocytosis has a protective role against liver fibrosis.
Suppression of sidelobes in the far-field radiation patterns of optical waveguide arrays (1988)

Arrays of coherent optical emitters are attractive for high-speed, wide-angle optical beamsteering or deflection, but uniform arrays radiate undesirable sidelobes. It is shown that dramatic suppression of sidelobes can be accomplished by configuring emitters in a nonuniform pattern. A nearly optimum radiation pattern for scanning results from gradually doubling the interelement spacing across a one-dimensional array. As an example, a 100-element waveguide array of minimum interelement spacing 5 μm radiates a 0.08° main lobe (full width at half-maximum) with a 30× suppression of sidelobe intensity.
The Measurement of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-1) Concentration in Random Urine Samples (2002)

The aim of the present study was to assess a suitable expression of the urinary concentration of a protein/ peptide hormone such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), measured in the urine of healthy individuals when the specimen collection is executed randomly. One hundred and twenty male subjects were divided by age into four groups, namely healthy sedentary young (SYA) and older (SOA) adults, older (OC) and young (YC) children. In a single urine specimen, randomly collected during the morning from each individual, total urinary IGF-I was measured by immunoradiometric method, and urinary creatinine (uCr) and total proteins (utPr) were measured by capillary electrophoresis and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. The urinary IGF-I concentrations were not significantly different in all groups investigated and they were (mean +/- SD): 82.7 +/- 82.8 ng/l, 103.5 +/- 83.3 ng/l, 80.4 +/- 64.4 ng/l in OC, SYA and SOA, respectively; only in the YC group there was a tendency to higher values (125.2 +/- 93.2 ng/l) compared with the other groups. utPr ranged from 26 to 40 mg/l and did not demonstrate significant differences between groups. The urinary IGF-I correlated with uCr and utPr, and statistical significance was observed in all measurements. The measurement of urinary IGF-I in random urine and its ratio to utPr is an innovative, useful way of investigation of urinary protein/peptide hormones.
Butyrate production in engineered Escherichia coli with synthetic scaffolds (2013)

Butyrate pathway was constructed in recombinant Escherichia coli using the genes from Clostridium acetobutylicum and Treponema denticola. However, the pathway constructed from exogenous enzymes did not efficiently convert carbon flux to butyrate. Three steps of the productivity enhancement were attempted in this study. First, pathway engineering to delete metabolic pathways to by-products successfully improved the butyrate production. Second, synthetic scaffold protein that spatially co-localizes enzymes was introduced to improve the efficiency of the heterologous pathway enzymes, resulting in threefold improvement in butyrate production. Finally, further optimizations of inducer concentrations and pH adjustment were tried. The final titer of butyrate was 4.3 and 7.2 g/L under batch and fed-batch cultivation, respectively. This study demonstrated the importance of synthetic scaffold protein as a useful tool for optimization of heterologous butyrate pathway in E. coli.
Angelman and Prader‐Willi syndromes share a common chromosome 15 deletion but differ in parental origin of the deletion (1989)

Many Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) patients have a cytogenetic deletion of 15q11q13. While AS and PWS share a similar cytogenetic anomaly, they have very different clinical phenotypes. DNAs from 4 AS patients were examined using 5 chromosome 15q11q13-specific cloned DNA segments. With the present level of resolution, the molecular deletions between AS and those previously reported for PWS did not appear to differ. However, in contrast to the paternal inheritance of the deleted chromosome 15 observed in the majority of PWS patients, maternal inheritance of the deleted chromosome 15 was demonstrated in the AS patients by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs).
Using fMRI Brain Activation to Identify Cognitive States Associated with Perception of Tools and Dwellings (2008)

Previous studies have succeeded in identifying the cognitive state corresponding to the perception of a set of depicted categories, such as tools, by analyzing the accompanying pattern of brain activity, measured with fMRI. The current research focused on identifying the cognitive state associated with a 4s viewing of an individual line drawing (1 of 10 familiar objects, 5 tools and 5 dwellings, such as a hammer or a castle). Here we demonstrate the ability to reliably (1) identify which of the 10 drawings a participant was viewing, based on that participant's characteristic whole-brain neural activation patterns, excluding visual areas; (2) identify the category of the object with even higher accuracy, based on that participant's activation; and (3) identify, for the first time, both individual objects and the category of the object the participant was viewing, based only on other participants' activation patterns. The voxels important for category identification were located similarly across participants, and distributed throughout the cortex, focused in ventral temporal perceptual areas but also including more frontal association areas (and somewhat left-lateralized). These findings indicate the presence of stable, distributed, communal, and identifiable neural states corresponding to object concepts.
Strain Rate and Timing of Stimulation in Mechanical Modulation of Fracture Healing (1998)

Fracture of the long bones results in a repair process that has the potential to restore the anatomic morphology and mechanical integrity of the bone without scar tissue. The repair process can occur in two patterns. In the first, under conditions of rigid stabilization, direct osteonal remodeling of the fracture line can occur with little or no external callus, a process known as direct bone repair. The second pattern of repair involves bridging of the fragments with external callus and formation of bone in the fracture site by endochondral healing. This type of repair is known as indirect bone healing and occurs under less rigid interfragmentary stabilization. The rate of healing and the extent of callus in this type of repair can be modulated by the mechanical conditions at the fracture site. Applying cyclic interfragmentary micromotion for short periods has been shown to influence the repair process significantly, and characteristics of this stimulus influence the healing response observed. In the current study, a short term interfragmentary cyclic micromovement applied at a high strain rate induced a greater amount of periosteal callus than the same stimulus applied at a low strain rate. This high strain rate stimulus applied later in the healing period significantly inhibited the progress of healing. The beneficial effect of this particular biophysic stimulus early in the healing period may be related to the viscoelastic nature of the differentiating connective tissues in the early endochondral callus. In the early endochondral callus, high rates of movement induce a greater deformation of the fracture fragments because of the stiffening of the callus. Alternatively, the transduction pathway may involve streaming potentials as a result of the high movement rate.
Biliary wound healing, ductular reactions, and IL-6/gp130 signaling in the development of liver disease (2006)

Basic and translational wound healing research in the biliary tree lag significantly behind similar studies on the skin and gastrointestinal tract. This is at least partly attributable to lack of easy access to the biliary tract for study. But clinical relevance, more interest in biliary epithelial cell (BEC) pathophysiology, and widespread availability of BEC cultures are factors reversing this trend. In the extra-hepatic biliary tree, ineffectual wound healing, scarring and stricture development are pressing issues. In the smallest intra-hepatic bile ducts either impaired BEC proliferation or an exuberant response can contribute to liver disease. Chronic inflammation and persistent wound healing reactions in large and small bile ducts often lead to liver cancer. General concepts of wound healing as they apply to the biliary tract, importance of cellular processes dependent on IL-6/gp130/STAT3 signaling pathways, unanswered questions, and future directions are discussed.
Des-serine-proline brain natriuretic peptide 3–32 in cardiorenal regulation (2006)

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP 1-32) plays an important physiologic role in cardiorenal homeostasis. Recently, it has been reported that BNP 1-32 is rapidly cleaved by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV to BNP 3-32, which lacks the two NH2-terminal amino acids of BNP 1-32. The bioactivity of BNP 3-32 in cardiorenal regulation is unknown. We hypothesized that BNP 3-32 has reduced vasodilating and natriuretic bioactivity compared with BNP 1-32 in vivo. Synthetic human BNP 3-32 and BNP 1-32 were administered to eight anesthetized normal canines. After baseline measurements, BNP 1-32 at 30 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1) was administered, followed by a washout, a postinfusion clearance, and a clearance with an equimolar dose of BNP 3-32. In four studies, the sequence of BNP 1-32 and BNP 3-32 infusion was reversed. Peptides were compared by analyzing the changes from the respective preinfusion clearance to the respective infusion clearance. *P < 0.05 between peptides. BNP 3-32, unlike BNP 1-32, did not decrease mean arterial pressure (0 +/- 1 vs. -7 +/- 2* mmHg, respectively) and did not increase renal blood flow (+12 +/- 10 vs. +52 +/- 10* ml/min). Effects on heart rate and cardiac output were similar. Urinary sodium excretion increased 128 +/- 18 microeq/min with BNP 3-32 and 338 +/- 40* microeq/min with BNP 1-32. Urine flow increased 1.1 +/- 0.2 ml/min with BNP 3-32 and 2.8 +/- 0.4* ml/min with BNP 1-32. Plasma BNP immunoreactivity was lower with BNP 3-32, suggesting accelerated degradation. In this study, BNP 3-32 showed reduced natriuresis and diuresis and a lack of vasodilating actions compared with BNP 1-32.
Distinct and Cooperative Functions of Phytochromes A, B, and C in the Control of Deetiolation and Flowering in Rice (2005)

We have isolated phytochrome B (phyB) and phyC mutants from rice (Oryza sativa) and have produced all combinations of double mutants. Seedlings of phyB and phyB phyC mutants exhibited a partial loss of sensitivity to continuous red light (Rc) but still showed significant deetiolation responses. The responses to Rc were completely canceled in phyA phyB double mutants. These results indicate that phyA and phyB act in a highly redundant manner to control deetiolation under Rc. Under continuous far-red light (FRc), phyA mutants showed partially impaired deetiolation, and phyA phyC double mutants showed no significant residual phytochrome responses, indicating that not only phyA but also phyC is involved in the photoperception of FRc in rice. Interestingly, the phyB phyC double mutant displayed clear R/FR reversibility in the pulse irradiation experiments, indicating that both phyA and phyB can mediate the low-fluence response for gene expression. Rice is a short-day plant, and we found that mutation in either phyB or phyC caused moderate early flowering under the long-day photoperiod, while monogenic phyA mutation had little effect on the flowering time. The phyA mutation, however, in combination with phyB or phyC mutation caused dramatic early flowering.
Synthesis of the 1.BETA.-hydroxylated bile acids and identification of 1.BETA.,3.ALPHA.,7.ALPHA.-trihydroxy- and 1.BETA.,3.ALPHA.,7.ALPHA.,12.ALPHA.-tetrahydroxy-5.BETA.-cholan-24-oic acids in human meconium. (1985)

The 1β-hydroxylated lithocholic (1), deoxycholic (2), chenodeoxycholic (3) and cholic acids (4) were synthesized from the corresponding bile acids as starting materials. These unusual bile acids in human meconium were determined by the selected ion monitoring in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and novel 1β-hydroxychenodeoxycholic (3) and 1β-hydroxycholic acids (4) were identified in significant amounts of 10.6% and 5.8%, respectively, of the total bile acids.
Effects of prasterone on disease activity and symptoms in women with active systemic lupus erythematosus (2004)

In adult women with active SLE, administration of prasterone at a dosage of 200 mg/day improved or stabilized signs and symptoms of disease and was generally well tolerated.
Distribution and Repair of Bipyrimidine Photoproducts in Solar UV-irradiated Mammalian Cells (2000)

In order to better understand the relative contribution of the different UV components of sunlight to solar mutagenesis, the distribution of the bipyrimidine photolesions, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), (6-4) photoproducts ((6–4)PP), and their Dewar valence photoisomers (DewarPP) was examined in Chinese hamster ovary cells irradiated with UVC, UVB, or UVA radiation or simulated sunlight. The absolute amount of each type of photoproduct was measured by using a calibrated and sensitive immuno-dot-blot assay. As already established for UVC and UVB, we report the production of CPD by UVA radiation, at a yield in accordance with the DNA absorption spectrum. At biologically relevant doses, DewarPP were more efficiently produced by simulated solar light than by UVB (ratios of DewarPP to (6-4)PP of 1:3 and 1:8, respectively), but were detected neither after UVA nor after UVC radiation. The comparative rates of formation for CPD, (6-4)PP and DewarPP are 1:0.25 for UVC, 1:0.12:0.014 for UVB, and 1:0.18:0.06 for simulated sunlight. The repair rates of these photoproducts were also studied in nucleotide excision repair-proficient cells irradiated with UVB, UVA radiation, or simulated sunlight. Interestingly, DewarPP were eliminated slowly, inefficiently, and at the same rate as CPD. In contrast, removal of (6-4) photoproducts was rapid and completed 24 h after exposure. Altogether, our results indicate that, in addition to CPD and (6-4)PP, DewarPP may play a role in solar cytotoxicity and mutagenesis.
Osmotic Shock Stimulates GLUT4 Translocation in 3T3L1 Adipocytes by a Novel Tyrosine Kinase Pathway (1997)

Similar to insulin, osmotic shock of 3T3L1 adipocytes stimulated an increase in glucose transport activity and translocation of GLUT4 protein from intracellularly localized vesicles to the plasma membrane. The docking/fusion of GLUT4 vesicles with the plasma membrane appeared to utilize a similar mechanism, since expression of a dominant interfering mutant of syntaxin-4 prevented both insulin- and osmotic shock-induced GLUT4 translocation. However, although the insulin stimulation of GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport activity was completely inhibited by wortmannin, activation by osmotic shock was wortmannin-insensitive. Furthermore, insulin stimulated the phosphorylation and activation of the Akt kinase, whereas osmotic shock was completely without effect. Surprisingly, treatment of cells with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, or microinjection of phosphotyrosine antibody prevented both the insulin- and osmotic shock-stimulated translocation of GLUT4. In addition, osmotic shock induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of several discrete proteins including Cbl, p130(cas), and the recently identified soluble tyrosine kinase, calcium-dependent tyrosine kinase (CADTK). In contrast, insulin had no effect on CADTK but stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of Cbl and the tyrosine dephosphorylation of pp125(FAK) and p130(cas). These data demonstrate that the osmotic shock stimulation of GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes occurs through a novel tyrosine kinase pathway that is independent of both the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the Akt kinase.
Quantitative Clinical Chemistry (1932)

Journal Article Quantitative Clinical Chemistry Get access Quantitative Clinical Chemistry. Volume II, Methods. BY Peters John P.Van Slyke Donald D. Pp. xx + 957, 1932, Baltimore, The Williams & Wilkins Company, $10.00 American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 2, Issue 6, 1 November 1932, Page 492, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/2.6.492 Published: 06 November 1932