gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two‐dimensional electrophoresis of proteins: An updated protocol and implications for a functional analysis of the genome (1995)

The two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) technique developed by Klose in 1975 (Humangenetik 1975, 26, 211-234), independently of the technique developed by O'Farrell (J. Biol. Chem. 1975, 250, 4007-4021), has been revised in our laboratory and an updated protocol is presented. This protocol is the result of our experience in using this method since its introduction. Many modifications and suggestions found in the literature were also tested and then integrated into our original method if advantageous. Gel and buffer composition, size of gels, use of stacking gels or not, necessity of isoelectric focusing (IEF) gel incubation, freezing of IEF gels or immediate use, carrier ampholytes versus Immobilines, regulation of electric current, conditions for staining and drying the gels - these and other problems were the subject of our concern. Among the technical details and special equipment which constitute our 2-DE method presented here, a few features are of particular significance: (i) sample loading onto the acid side of the IEF gel with the result that both acidic and basic proteins are well resolved in the same gel; (ii) use of large (46 x 30 cm) gels to achieve high resolution, but without the need of unusually large, flat gel equipment; (iii) preparation of ready-made gel solutions which can be stored frozen, a prerequisite, among others, for high reproducibility. Using the 2-DE method described we demonstrate that protein patterns revealing more than 10 000 polypeptide spots can be obtained from mouse tissues. This is by far the highest resolution so far reported in the literature for 2-DE of complex protein mixtures. The 2-DE patterns were of high quality with regard to spot shape and background. The reproducibility of the protein patterns is demonstrated and shown to be thoroughly satisfactory. An example is given to show how effectively 2-DE of high resolution and reproducibility can be used to study the genetic variability of proteins in an interspecific mouse backcross (Mus musculus x Mus spretus) established by the European Backcross Collaborative Group for mapping the mouse genome. We outline our opinion that the structural analysis of the human genome, currently pursued most intensively on a worldwide scale, should be accompanied by a functional analysis of the genome that starts from the proteins of the organism.
Graded Bit-Error-Correcting Codes With Applications to Flash Memory (2012)

Flash memory is a promising new storage technology. Supported by empirical data collected from a Flash memory device, we propose a class of codes that exploits the asymmetric nature of the error patterns in a Flash device using tensor product operations. We call these codes graded bit-error-correcting codes. As demonstrated on the data collected from a Flash chip, these codes significantly delay the onset of errors and therefore have the potential to prolong the lifetime of the memory device.
Nursing care makes a difference. Application of the Omaha System. (2003)

Nursing classification systems enable practitioners to describe their contributions to client care. The results of this study indicated an improvement in the outcome ratings, using the Omaha System, as a result of nursing interventions for 47 clients with chronic mental illness receiving services in three academic nurse-managed centers. The Omaha System was found to be a valid and reliable nursing documentation tool for outcome and quality of care measurement for clients with mental illness. This study describes how the Omaha System was used by undergraduate nursing students who were caring for adults with mental illness in nurse-managed centers.
Ultrasonographic screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: Analysis of surgical decisions for cost‐effectiveness (1989)

A mathematic model is created to determine the economic cost per year of anticipated prolongation of life that would result from a program of abdominal ultrasonographic (US) screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm. The protocol involves US screening at age 60, 67, and 74 years with additional annual follow-up US and examination if an aneurysm of less than 40 mm is detected. Larger aneurysms are assumed to be sent for early elective resection. The benefits and risks for a subset of men with symptoms of intermittent claudication (IC) as an additional risk factor of atherosclerosis is calculated for comparison. Many of the factors on which these calculated costs and benefits are based are approximations and inferences. These include operative mortality for elective and emergent cases, charges for each such condition, cost of US, and anticipated survival following successful aneurysmectomy both with and without concomitant IC. Sensitivity analysis is performed to show how variations in the major parameters alter the outcome of the calculated cost per year of anticipated extension of life.
Signal transduction in systemic acquired resistance. (1995)

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an important component of plant defense against pathogen infection. Accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) is required for the induction of SAR. However, SA is apparently not the translocated signal but is involved in transducing the signal in target tissues. Interestingly, SA accumulation is not required for production and release of the systemic signal. In addition to playing a pivotal role in SAR signal transduction, SA is important in modulating plant susceptibility to pathogen infection and genetic resistance to disease. It has been proposed that SA inhibition of catalase results in H2O2 accumulation and that therefore H2O2 serves as a second messenger in SAR signaling. We find no accumulation of H2O2 in tissues expressing SAR; thus the role of H2O2 in SAR signaling is questionable.
Análisis observacional del juego de finalización en el fútbol de alto nivel: caso del R.C. Deportivo de A Coruña en la temporada 2001-2002 (2004)

espanolLa complejidad que caracteriza a todos los juegos deportivos colectivos, y en particular al futbol, nos ofrece una gran cantidad de aspectos a investigar. En este trabajo intentamos caracterizar las caracteristicas del juego de finalizacion del R.C. Deportivo de A Coruna, tanto en el aspecto colectivo, a traves del analisis de los contextos de interaccion entre los equipos enfrentados, como en el aspecto individual, a partir del juego de ataque de los jugadores finalizadores. Para realizar el estudio se han analizado 7 partidos, y se han registrado 64 acciones que finalizan con tiro, a partir de un instrumento que combina los formatos de campo con sistemas de categorias EnglishThe complexity that characterizes the hole collective sports-games, and football in particular, offers lots of aspects for us to research into. Along this study we tried to identify R.C. Deportivo de A Coruna way of finish his offensive actions, on collective aspects, analizing both confronting teams interaction context, as well as on individual aspects, through attack player · s offensive way of play. We analized 7 matches in order to make us research, and we recorder 64 offensive actions that had ended with a shot, we analized them with a too! that mixes field records with category systems
Three case reports (1993)

TENS may be useful in the treatment of angina pectoris which is refractory to medical therapy when the patient is not suitable for revascularisation procedures or revascularisation has failed. The mechanism of action is probably a combination of analgesia per se and inhibition of sympathetic nervous stimulation of the heart.
Influence of Combination between Asphalt Pavement Layers to Water Damages (2008)

The status of adhesion between asphalt layers affects the development of water damages. Through drilling core investigation of a highway, it is found that there are smoothness between asphalt layers in water damage spots and weakness zone at the bottom of asphalt layers. Based on the hypothesis of the roughness and smoothness between the two asphalt layers, the stress statuses of asphalt pavement under eight different adhesions between layers were calculated by using BISAR 3.0 program. Conclusions are drawn that if there are smoothness in asphalt pavement, the stress and shearing strength would centralize at a point, and water would be prone to filter into the weakness zone, thus deteriorate water damages in asphalt pavement and bring out smoothness between asphalt layers.
The cytokine factsbook (1994)

The Cytokine FactsBook contains over 70 entries on cytokines and growth factors and their receptors including the interleukins, interferons, EL8 superfamily, growth factors, colony stimulating factors and tumour necrosis factors. It contains information on: Alternative Nomenclature, Cellular Expression, Cross Species Reactivity, Bioassays, Gene Organization and Chromosomal Location, Protein Structure and Molecular Weights, Amino Acid Sequences of Human and Mouse Proteins, Database Accession Numbers, Biological Function, Key References.
La2O3/Si0.3Ge0.7 p-MOSFETs with high hole mobility and good device characteristics (2002)

We have studied high-k La/sub 2/O/sub 3/ p-MOSFETs on Si/sub 0.3/Ge/sub 0.7/ substrate. Nearly identical gate oxide current, capacitance density, and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) are obtained for La/sub 2/O/sub 3//Si and La/sub 2/O/sub 3//Si/sub 0.3/Ge/sub 0.7/ devices, indicating excellent Si/sub 0.3/Ge/sub 0.7/ quality without any side effects. The measured hole mobility in nitrided La/sub 2/O/sub 3//Si p-MOSFETs is 31 cm/sup 2//V-s and comparable with published data in nitrided HfO/sub 2//Si p-MOSFETs. In sharp contrast, a higher mobility of 55 cm/sup 2//V-s is measured in La/sub 2/O/sub 3//Si/sub 0.3/Ge/sub 0.7/ p-MOSFET, an improvement by 1.8 times compared with La/sub 2/O/sub 3//Si control devices. The high mobility in Si/sub 0.3/Ge/sub 0.7/ p-MOSFETs gives another step for integrating high-k gate dielectrics into the VLSI process.
Measurement of 129Xe T1 in Blood to Explore the Feasibility of Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI (1995)

These relaxation times, though shorter than expected, are comparable to the transport time of blood, and are long enough to encourage use of hyperpolarized xenon for MRI studies in tissues, in addition to lung.
Class-AB high-swing CMOS power amplifier (1992)

A power amplifier for a loudspeaker and the earpiece of a telephone subset, integrated in the codec chip ARCOFI-SP (audio ringing codec filter featuring speakerphone function), are presented. The ARCOFI-SP is part of a subscriber telephone chip set. The analog section of the receive path comprises a low-noise programmable gain microphone amplifier with a maximum gain of 30-dB followed by a 16-b second-order sigma-delta analog-to-digital (A/D) converter. The analog section of the transmit path consists of two 16-b second-order sigma-delta D/A converters, one driving a pair of handset amplifiers for 200- Omega differential load and the other one a pair of loudspeaker amplifiers for 50- Omega differential load. The loudspeaker amplifier is described. A digital signal processor calculates the filter functions and handles frequency and tone generation. The amplifier has 1.2-mA quiescent current, 64-mA peak current, and >60 dB S/THD with 3.2-V output swing into a 25- Omega load.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Functional evidence for a 5‐HT2Breceptor mediating contraction of longitudinal muscle in human small intestine (1995)

Application of 5-hydroxytryptamine induces contraction of longitudinal muscle strips from human terminal ileum. The response was resistant to antagonism by ketanserin, ondansetron or DAU6285, but was non-surmountably antagonized by methysergide. The selective 5-HT2B/2C receptor antagonist, SB 200646A evoked a concentration-dependent, parallel and dextral displacement of the concentration-response curve to 5-HT, yielding a pA2 estimate of 7.17. Application of yohimbine, a 5-HT1 and 5-HT2B receptor antagonist, also induced a rightward shift of the response curve to 5-HT, yielding a pA2 estimate of 8.10. In conclusion, it appears that a 5-HT2B receptor mediates the contractile response of the longitudinal muscle of human small intestine to 5-HT.
Membrane-permeable luciferin esters for assay of firefly luciferase in live intact cells (1991)

Five esters of luciferin were synthesized and compared with native luciferin as substrates for firefly luciferase expressed in live intact mammalian cells. The esters themselves were not substrates for purified luciferase, but four were substrates for a purified esterase and all appeared to be hydrolysed to luciferin within mammalian cells. At a substrate concentration of 0.01 mM, the peak luminescence from the cos cells expressing luciferase was up to 6-fold greater with the esters than with unmodified luciferin. At 0.1 mM, the difference between luciferin and the esters was decreased. The kinetics of the luminescent signal with the different luciferin esters varied significantly, indicating possible differences in the rates of uptake, breakdown and enzyme inhibition. The esters did not support luminescence from Escherichia coli cells expressing firefly luciferase, suggesting a lack of appropriate esterase activity in this particular strain. The esters could be useful for the assay of luciferase expression in intact mammalian cells when luciferin levels are limiting, for example in tissues, and in plants. Alternative luciferin derivatives may allow further improvements in sensitivity.
Rectangular partitioning for Intra prediction in HEVC (2012)

This paper presents a mechanism of using rectangular prediction blocks for Intra prediction in the emerging High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard. In the previous and current video coding standards, Intra predictions have been processed on square blocks, e.g. 16×16, 8×8 and 4×4 pixel blocks H.264/MPEG4 AVC, and 2N×2N or N×N square prediction units (PU) in the current HEVC. In this paper, it is proposed to include 2N×N and N×2N prediction block sizes (or PU types) in a 2N×2N coding unit (CU) for the Intra prediction, as in the Inter prediction. Experimental results show that, together with other tools (e.g. NSQT) significant coding gain, i.e. average 1.8% BD-rate reduction with the use of 2-point prediction and transforms, or 1.4% BD-rate reduction without the use of 2-point prediction and transforms (for “All Intra” configuration) can be achieved, compared with HM5.0 anchor.
Antiviral Effects of an Iminosugar Derivative on Flavivirus Infections (2002)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, which block the trimming step of N-linked glycosylation, have been shown to eliminate the production of several ER-budding viruses. Here we investigated the effects of one such inhibitor, N-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin (NN-DNJ), a 9-carbon alkyl iminosugar derivative, on infection by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and dengue virus serotype 2 (DEN-2). In the presence of NN-DNJ, JEV and DEN-2 infections were suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect appeared to influence DEN-2 infection more than JEV infection, since lower concentrations of NN-DNJ substantially blocked DEN-2 replication. Secretion of the flaviviral glycoproteins E and NS1 was greatly reduced, and levels of DEN-2 viral RNA replication measured by fluorogenic reverse transcription-PCR were also decreased, by NN-DNJ. Notably, the viral glycoproteins, prM, E, and NS1 were found to associate transiently with the ER chaperone calnexin, and this interaction was affected by NN-DNJ, suggesting a potential role of calnexin in the folding of flaviviral glycoproteins. Additionally, in a mouse model of lethal challenge by JEV infection, oral delivery of NN-DNJ reduced the mortality rate. These findings show that NN-DNJ has an antiviral effect on flavivirus infection, likely through interference with virus replication at the posttranslational modification level, occurring mainly in the ER.
MCL-1 Promoter Insertions Dial-Up Aggressiveness of Chronic Leukemia (2004)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in the western world, accounting for approximately 12 000 new cases annually, and a prevalence of about 50 000 to 60 000 patients in the United States alone. CLL is a quintessential example of a human malignancy caused predominantly by defective apoptosis, as opposed to accelerated cell division. The malignant lymphocytes that accumulate in patients with CLL are largely quiescent, noncycling cells that display prolonged lifespans due to failed programmed cell death (1). Normally, a delicate balance of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic genes keeps cell lifespan in check, functioning analogous to an electrical rheostat to carefully adjust the body’s cell flux dial that ensures the daily production of approximately 50 –70 billion cells in humans that is offset by a commensurate amount of cell death. Imbalances in the activities of these apoptosis-regulatory gene networks create a fertile soil in which the seeds of carcinogenesis can take root. In this issue of the Journal, Moshynska et al. (2) describe somatic mutations in the promoter region of MCL-1, an anti-apoptotic gene. The findings provide new insights into the mechanisms responsible for dysregulation of apoptosis in CLL. MCL-1 is a member of the BCL-2 gene family, which includes 25 known members in humans [see (3) for review]. Bcl-2-family proteins include both anti-apoptotic and proapoptotic members. Imbalances in the levels or activities of these proteins are commonly associated with malignancy, including lymphocytic malignancies such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, in which the founding member of the family, Bcl-2, was first discovered nearly two decades ago by virtue of the involvement of its encoding gene in chromosomal translocations (4). Analogously, transgenic mice overexpressing Mcl-1 protein in lymphocytes frequently develop lymphomas (5), attesting to the in vivo importance of this anti-apoptotic protein for B-cell neoplasia. The clinical course of CLL is highly heterogeneous, with time to progression varying from months to many years. Responses to chemotherapy also vary widely. This heterogeneity has prompted searches for biomarkers that might be predictive of prognosis. Previous studies documented high levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 relative to pro-apoptotic Bax protein in CLLs,
GaN-on-Si switched mode RF power amplifiers for non-constant envelope signals (2017)

This work implements three discrete switched mode power amplifier (PA) topologies, namely inverse class-D (CMCD), push-pull class-E and inverse push-pull class-E, in a GaN-on-Si process for medium power level (5-10W) femto/pico-cells base-station applications. The designs are analyzed and compared with respect to non-idealities such as bond-wire effects and input signal duty cycle variation. These architectures are designed for non-constant envelope inputs in the form of digitally modulated signals such as RFPWM, which undergoes duty cycle variation. After comparing the three topologies, this work concludes that an inverse push-pull class-E architecture gives highest output power and efficiency for GaN-based discrete power amplifiers. This inverse class-E PA achieves 61.5% drain efficiency at 37.7dBm output power in the 880MHz band.
Purification and partial sequence of human osteoclast-activating factor: identity with interleukin 1 beta. (1985)

The lymphokine osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) was purified to homogeneity. OAF was produced by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with concanavalin A and phorbol myristate acetate under serum-free culture conditions. OAF was purified by sequential gel filtration, ion-exchange, and reverse-phase HPLC by following bone resorptive activity. Homogeneity was indicated by the criteria of a single 17,800-dalton band on silver-stained polyacrylamide gels, a single pI 6.8 band on isoelectric focusing, and a single aminoterminal sequence. Purified OAF stimulated half-maximal release of calcium from fetal rat long bones at a concentration of approximately 0.66 ng/ml. The amino-terminal sequence of OAF was determined and found to be identical to that of interleukin 1 beta. Homogeneous OAF possessed an activity of 8.2 X 10(6) U/mg in the thymocyte proliferation assay. Because the m.w., isoelectric point, amino-terminal sequence, and specific activity in the thymocyte proliferation assay are the same for homogeneous OAF and interleukin 1 beta, we conclude that they are the same molecule, and that interleukin 1 beta is the major protein with OAF activity produced by lectin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
A Study on Replay Attack and Anti-Spoofing for Automatic Speaker Verification (2017)

For practical automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems, replay attack poses a true risk. By replaying a pre-recorded speech signal of the genuine speaker, ASV systems tend to be easily fooled. An effective replay detection method is therefore highly desirable. In this study, we investigate a major difficulty in replay detection: the over-fitting problem caused by variability factors in speech signal. An F-ratio probing tool is proposed and three variability factors are investigated using this tool: speaker identity, speech content and playback &amp; recording device. The analysis shows that device is the most influential factor that contributes the highest over-fitting risk. A frequency warping approach is studied to alleviate the over-fitting problem, as verified on the ASV-spoof 2017 database.
Epigenetic Multiple Ligands: Mixed Histone/Protein Methyltransferase, Acetyltransferase, and Class III Deacetylase (Sirtuin) Inhibitors (2008)

A number of new compounds bearing two ortho-bromo- and ortho, ortho-dibromophenol moieties linked through a saturated/unsaturated, linear/(poly)cyclic spacer (compounds 1- 9) were prepared as simplified analogues of AMI-5 (eosin), a recently reported inhibitor of both protein arginine and histone lysine methyltransferases (PRMTs and HKMTs). Such compounds were tested against a panel of PRMTs (RmtA, PRMT1, and CARM1) and against human SET7 (a HKMT), using histone and nonhistone proteins as a substrate. They were also screened against HAT and SIRTs, because they are structurally related to some HAT and/or SIRT modulators. From the inhibitory data, some of tested compounds ( 1b, 1c, 4b, 4f, 4j, 4l, 7b, and 7f) were able to inhibit PRMTs, HKMT, HAT, and SIRTs with similar potency, thus behaving as multiple ligands for these epigenetic targets (epi-MLs). When tested on the human leukemia U937 cell line, the epi-MLs induced high apoptosis levels [i.e., 40.7% ( 4l) and 42.6% ( 7b)] and/or massive, dose-dependent cytodifferentiation [i.e., 95.2% ( 1c) and 96.1% ( 4j)], whereas the single-target inhibitors eosin, curcumin, and sirtinol were ineffective or showed a weak effect.
Yeast-enhanced green fluorescent protein (yEGFP): a reporter of gene expression in Candida albicans (1997)

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) of Aequorea victoria has been developed here as a reporter for gene expression and protein localization in Candida albicans. When wild-type (wt) GFP was expressed in C. albicans, it was not possible to detect fluorescence or a translation product for the wt protein. Since this was probably due in part to the presence of the non-canonical CTG serine codon in the Aequorea sequence, this codon was changed to the leucine codon TTG. C. albicans cells expressing this construct contained GFP mRNA but were non-fluorescent and contained no detectable translation product. Hence a codon-optimized GFP gene was constructed in which all of the 239 amino acids are encoded by optimal codons for C albicans. In this gene were also incorporated two previously identified mutations in the chromophore that increase GFP fluorescence. C. albicans cells expressing this yeast-enhanced GFP gene (yEGFP3) are fluorescent and contain GFP protein. yEGFP3 can be used as a versatile reporter of gene expression in C. albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the optimized GFP described here should have broad applications in these and other fungal species.