gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Augments Insulin-Mediated Glucose Uptake in the Obese State (2002)

The insulinotropic hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is being examined as a potential new agent for treatment in type 2 diabetic patients. Whereas the insulinotropic properties of this peptide are well established, another property of the hormone, an insulinomimetic effect per se, is controversial. In the normal glucose-tolerant lean state, it is difficult to demonstrate an insulinomimetic effect. The current study was conducted to examine whether GLP-1 has insulinomimetic effect in the obese state. Ten obese volunteers (body mass index, 34.6 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2)), whose ages were 32.5 +/- 3.0 yr, participated in two euglycemic clamp studies (n = 20 clamps) for 120 min. Five of the volunteers were females. The initial clamp was performed with a primed (0-10)-constant (10-60) infusion of GLP-1 at a final rate of 1.5 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1). At 60 min, the GLP-1 infusion was terminated, and euglycemic was maintained from 60-120 min. After the GLP-1 study, each individual's plasma insulin level was measured. A second study was performed that was identical to the first, with the infusion of regular insulin in place of GLP-1. Insulin infusion rates were regulated in each individual to simulate plasma insulin levels produced during the GLP-1 infusion. The rate of disappearance of glucose was calculated for each subject. Fasting plasma insulin levels were similar between studies. In response to the GLP-1 infusion, with maintenance of plasma glucose level clamped at fasting level, significant increases in plasma insulin occurred in all subjects (P < 0.001). The insulin levels during the insulin infusion study were similar to that induced by GLP-1. The rate of disappearance of glucose (insulin-mediated glucose uptake) progressively increased in response to both the GLP-1 and insulin infusion. However, the rate of disappearance of glucose during the GLP-1 study was significantly higher (P = 0.033) than during the insulin study. We conclude that in insulin-resistant states, GLP-1 has insulinomimetic properties per se.
Red Blood Cells Inhibit Proliferation and Stimulate Apoptosis in Human Lung Fibroblasts In Vitro (2004)

Cell proliferation and apoptosis are both important mechanisms for the regulation of tissue homeostasis. For instance, proliferation is crucial in wound repair, whereas apoptosis is important for removal of damaged cells and resolution of inflammation. Imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis can therefore lead to pathological conditions and disease. In inflammatory and fibrotic lung disorders, red blood cells (RBCs) can interact with fibroblasts and connective tissue. In the present study, we therefore hypothesized that the presence of RBCs can affect fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis. Human foetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) were cultured in the presence or absence of purified whole RBCs and RBC-conditioned media. RBC significantly decreased fibroblast proliferation as determined both by DNA content analysis (Hoechst 33258 staining, P < 0.01; WST-1, P < 0.001) and BrdU incorporation. After treatment with staurosporine (STS) for 48 h, apoptosis was determined by TUNEL and propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry analysis. RBCs augmented STS-induced apoptosis (median: 46.4%; range 12.0-90.4) compared to control cells (median 26.2%; range 7.1-45.5). Thus, our data indicate that the presence of RBCs affects both fibroblast proliferation and susceptibility to undergo apoptosis. Our findings therefore suggest a role for RBCs in regulating fibroblast homeostasis after tissue injury.
Recombinant Human Interleukin‐11 in ExperimentalPseudomonas aeruginosaSepsis in Immunocompromised Animals (1998)

The therapeutic potential of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) was tested in a neutropenic rat model that mimics the clinical consequences of myelosuppressive chemotherapy complicated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. rhIL-11-treated animals (150 micrograms/kg intravenously every 24 h for 3 days) had reduced endotoxin levels (P < .05) and less pulmonary edema fluid (P < .001) and were protected (P < .01) against thinning and necrosis of the intestinal mucosa compared with the control group. The survival rate in rhIL-11-treated animals was 40% (19/47), whereas it was 0 (0 of 19) in the control group (P < .01). The addition of ciprofloxacin (10 mg/kg every 12 h) resulted in a survival rate of 9 (60%) of 15, while the combination of rhIL-11 and ciprofloxacin resulted in 100% survival (15/15; P < .05). These results indicate that rhIL-11 supports mucous membrane integrity of the alimentary tract and decreases the systemic inflammatory response to experimental gram-negative infection in immunocompromised animals.
Prevalence and Trends in Obesity Among US Adults, 1999-2008 (2010)

In 2007-2008, the prevalence of obesity was 32.2% among adult men and 35.5% among adult women. The increases in the prevalence of obesity previously observed do not appear to be continuing at the same rate over the past 10 years, particularly for women and possibly for men.
Potent and prolonged-acting cyclic lactam analogs of .alpha.-melanotropin: design based on molecular dynamics (1989)

Utilizing results from previous structure-activity relationships and theoretical studies of alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH, Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2) and its related superpotent analogues, Ac-[Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH and Ac-[Cys4,Cys10]-alpha-MSH, we have designed a new class of alpha-MSH4-13 and alpha-MSH4-10 cyclic lactam fragment analogues of alpha-melanotropin. The cyclic peptides have the following general structures: Ac-[Nle4,Xxx5,D-Phe7,Yyy10,Gly11]-alpha-MSH4-13- NH2 and Ac-[Nle4,Xxx5,D-Phe7,Yyy10]-alpha-MSH4-10-NH2, where Xxx = Glu or Asp and Yyy = Lys, Orn, Dab, or Dpr. Formation of the lactam bridge between the side-chain groups Xxx and Yyy was performed either in solution or on a solid-phase support. Seven cyclic peptides were prepared and bioassayed for their melanotropic potency by using standard frog (Rana pipiens) and lizard (Anolis carolinensis) skin bioassays. Relative to alpha-MSH (relative potency = 1), the potencies of the cyclic peptides in the lizard skin bioassay were as follows: alpha-MSH (1); Ac-[Nle4,Glu5,D-Phe7,Lys10,Gly11]-alpha-MSH4-13- NH2 (6); Ac-[Nle4,Asp5,D-Phe7,Lys10,Gly11]-alpha-MSH4-13- NH2 (100); Ac-[Nle4,Glu5,D-Phe7,Lys10]-alpha-MSH4-10-NH2 (9); Ac-[Nle4,Asp5,D-Phe7,Lys10]-alpha-MSH4-10-NH2 (90); Ac-[Nle4,Asp5,D-Phe7,Orn10]-alpha-MSH4-10-NH2 (20); Ac-[Nle4,Asp5,D-Phe7,Dab10]-alpha-MSH4-10-NH2 (5); Ac-[Nle4,Asp5,D-Phe7,Dpr10]-alpha-MSH4-10-NH2 (5). Similar results were obtained in the frog skin bioassay, but the analogues were much less potent. Cyclic melanotropins with 23-membered rings exhibited 100-fold higher melanotropic potency than alpha-MSH with selectivity for the lizard melanocyte receptors over the frog melanocyte receptors. Increasing or decreasing the ring size of these cyclic melanotropins from 23 diminishes the biological potency of the resulting cyclic peptide. The 23- and 24-membered ring analogues showed prolonged (residual) biological activities in both biological assays, but the smaller ring systems (20, 21, 22) did not. These results provide new insights into the structural and conformational requirements of alpha-MSH and its analogues at two different types of pigment cell (melanocyte) receptors.
Identification of a Negative Glucocorticoid Response Element in the Rat Type 1 Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide Receptor Gene (1996)

Glucocorticoids play important roles in lung development and function by modulating the expression of a variety of genes. The type 1 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptor gene is highly expressed in the lung where it mediates VIP physiological functions. In this study, the effect of glucocorticoid on VIP receptor gene expression was examined. Dexamethasone (100 n) suppresses endogenous VIP receptor mRNA expression in cultured lung cells. Transient transfection of lung cells with fusion constructs containing various portions of the VIP receptor 5'-flanking sequences linked to the luciferase reporter gene shows that 126 base pairs (bp) of the VIP receptor upstream sequences are sufficient to mediate transcriptional repression by glucocorticoid. DNase I footprinting demonstrates that purified glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binds to the VIP receptor promoter between -21 and -36 bp relative to the transcription start site. Point mutations within this binding site not only abolish GR binding and GR-mediated transcriptional repression of the VIP receptor gene, but basal transcription is also reduced to background levels. Co-transfection of GR expression vector and the VIP receptor GR binding site linked to the thymidine kinase promoter and luciferase shows that this sequence is sufficient to confer glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptional repression to a heterologous promoter. These results indicate that the VIP receptor gene contains a negative glucocorticoid response element between -21 and -36 bp that may act to regulate both basal and glucocorticoid-mediated expressions of the VIP receptor gene in lung cells.
Programmable Direct-Printing Nanowire Electronic Components (2010)

In order for recently developed advanced nanowire (NW) devices(1-5) to be produced on a large scale, high integration of the separately fabricated nanoscale devices into intentionally organized systems is indispensible. We suggest a unique fabrication route for semiconductor NW electronics. This route provides a high yield and a large degree of freedom positioning the device on the substrate. Hence, we can achieve not only a uniform performance of Si NW devices with high fabrication yields, suppressing device-to-device variation, but also programmable integration of the NWs. Here, keeping pace with recent progress of direct-writing circuitry,(6-8) we show the flexibility of our approach through the individual integrating, along with the three predesigned N-shaped sites. On each predesigned site, nine bottom gate p-type Si NW field-effect transistors classified according to their on-current level are programmably integrated.
Anti-DNA antibodies and their relationships with anti-histone and anti-nucleosome specificities. (1992)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the archetypic non-organ specific autoimmune disease in which polyclonal B-cell activation is reflected by the wide range of auto-antibody specificities. Among these, anti-ds DNA antibodies bear special significance since they are disease specific, tend to occur at high titers in an active clinical state and are considered to be pathogenic through immune complex formation. However, data accumulated in the last few years have led to a somewhat more complex view of anti-DNA autoantibodies and SLE pathogenesis. For instance, the definition of pathogenic subpopulations of anti-DNA antibodies is an important question which has been addressed in terms of isotypes, idiotypes and DNA sequences of antibodies. Also, some of the cross reactivities described with monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies appear to be due to the formation of immune complexes with DNA, histones or nucleosomes. In addition, anti-DNA-nucleosome immune complexes can react with the cell membrane. These findings indicate that not only DNA but also the nucleosome as a multimolecular complex or its non-DNA component, i.e. histone, may be viewed as relevant target autoantigens in SLE. This review will focus on experimental data supporting this new representation of this set of autoantibodies directed against DNA, histone and the nucleosome, and their possible intervention in SLE pathogenesis.
Genipin Cross-linking of Type II Collagen-chondroitin Sulfate-hyaluronan Scaffold for Articular Cartilage Therapy (2007)

Articular cartilage extracellular matrixes are composed of type II collagen, chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronan (HA). Type II collagen is the major structural protein in hyaline cartilage. Modification of the collagen scaffold which mimics articular cartilage biochemically by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) hyaluronan (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) may enhance chondrocyte differentiation into more functional forms or promote preservation of the differentiated state of the cells. In the investigation, we prepared, characterized, and evaluated type II collagen scaffold with and without HA and CS. In order to fabricate porous scaffold containing collagen, HA and CS the mixture was freeze dried at –20 °C, -80 °C and -196 °C. The porous scaffold was cross-linked by genipin to enhance mechanical stability. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the scaffold demonstrated that the scaffold had interconnected pores after cross-linking process with mean diameters of 80~300 µm and porosity of 90-95% depending on freezing temperature. In cytotoxicity test using human articular primary cells, the cross-linked scaffold showed no significant cytotoxicity. The data of GAG and DNA content of cultivated cartilage on scaffolds demonstrated that high molecular mass HA and long chain CS have potential to up-regulate biochemical synthesis rate of chondrocytes.
fau cDNA encodes a ubiquitin-like-S30 fusion protein and is expressed as an antisense sequence in the Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus. (1993)

The Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus (FBR-MuSV) is capable of inducing osteosarcomas in susceptible mice. This retrovirus transduced sequences derived from the transcription factor c-fos and from an unrelated mouse sequence called fox. Here, we describe the cloning and sequence analysis of human and mouse cellular cDNAs hybridizing to the fox sequence. The cloned cDNAs encode for a single ubiquitin-like (Fubi) protein fused in frame to S30, a protein of the small ribosomal subunit. Fubi conserved amino acid residues known to be involved in the ATP-dependent proteolytic activity of ubiquitin. Moreover, the fau gene is conserved in several species, while its mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in different mouse tissues. Surprisingly, FBR-MuSV transduced the complete but mutated open reading frame (ORF) in its reversed transcriptional orientation. This is the first report about a retrovirus in which an antisense sequence to a cellular gene, which we called fau (FBR-MuSV-associated ubiquitously expressed gene), is discovered. Rat-2 cells transfected with plasmids containing v-fau/fox recombinants of FBR-MuSV revealed a twofold increase of the transformation capacity of FBR-MuSV 'in vitro' because of the fau antisense sequence. Newly formed retropseudogenes were identified in three out of eight primary radiation-induced osteosarcomas. This high incidence of creating retropseudogenes in these 90Sr-induced bone tumours may contribute to the mechanism by which FBR-MuSV, originally isolated from such tumours, acquired the fau gene in its reverse orientation.
Comparative outcomes of squamous and non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in phase II studies of ASA404 (DMXAA) - retrospective analysis of pooled data. (2010)

This analysis is limited by its retrospective nature, and by the small size of the overall group, treatment and disease subgroups. However, as ASA404 appears to have a similar safety and activity profile in patients with squamous and non-squamous NSCLC, the findings support inclusion of both groups of patients in ongoing definitive phase III trials of ASA404 (NCT00832494).
Risk Prediction of Gastric Cancer by Analysis of Aberrant DNA Methylation in Non-Neoplastic Gastric Epithelium (2007)

Our data suggest that promoter of the p14 gene may be one of the specific regions whose methylation is closely associated with H. pylori infection. Methylation levels of the p16 gene seem to be accumulated in the progression of gastric mucosal atrophy and IM, and thus may be associated with the presence of gastric cancer especially for intestinal-type histopathology.
Nonionic nucleic acid analogs. Synthesis and characterization of dideoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates (1979)

A series of dideoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonate analogues, dNpN and dNpNp, which contain a nonionic 3'--5' methylphosphonyl internucleoside linkage were prepared. The two diastereoisomers, designated isomers 1 and 2, of each dimer differ in configuration of the methylphosphonate group and were separated by column chromatography. The diastereoisomers of each dimer have different conformations in solution as shown by ultraviolet hypochromicity data and their circular dichroism spectra. For example, dApA isomer 1 is more highly stacked than isomer 2, although both isomers are less stacked than the dinucleoside monophosphate, dApA. The circular dichroism spectrum of isomer 1 is very similar to that of dApA, while the CD spectrum of isomer 2 shows a loss of molecular ellipticity, [theta], at 270 nm and a greatly diminished [theta] at 250 nm. These results suggest that the stacked bases of dApA isomer 1 tend to orient in an oblique manner, while those in isomer 2 tend to orient in a parallel manner. This interpretation is verified by the 1H NMR study of these dimers (L. S. Kan, D. M. Cheng, P. S. Miller, J. Yano, and P. O. P. Ts'o, unpublished experiments). Both diastereoisomers of dAaA form 2U:1A and 2T:1A complexes with poly(U) and poly(dT), respectively. The higher Tm (Tm of poly(U)--isomer 1, 15.4 degrees C; Tm of poly(U)--isomer 2, 19.8 degrees C; Tm of poly(dT)--isomer 1, 18.7 degrees C; Tm of poly(dT)--isomer 2, 18.4 degrees C) values of these complexes vs. those of the corresponding dApA--polynucleotide complexes (Tm of poly(U)--dApA, 7.0 degrees C; Tm of poly(dT)--DApA, 9.2 degrees C) result from decreased charge repulsion between the nonionic dimer backbone and the negatively charged polymer backbone. The difference in conformations between dApA isomer 1 and dApA isomer 2 is reflected in the Tm of the isomer 1-poly(U) complex which is 4.4 degrees C lower than that of the isomer 2-poly(U) complex. Since these nonionic oligonucleotide analogues are taken up by cells in culture, they show promise as molecular probes for the function and structure of nucleic acids inside living cells.
Degradation of trans-ferulic acid by Pseudomonas acidovorans (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDegradation of trans-ferulic acid by Pseudomonas acidovoransAnne Toms and John Mathew WoodCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 2, 337–343Publication Date (Print):January 20, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 January 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00804a021https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00804a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views512Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Correct Folding of Circularly Permuted Variants of a βα Barrel Enzyme in Vivo (1989)

An important question in protein folding is whether the natural amino and carboxyl termini and the given order of secondary structure segments are critical to the stability and to the folding pathway of proteins. Here it is shown that two circularly permuted versions of the gene of a single-domain beta alpha barrel enzyme can be expressed in Escherichia coli. The variants are enzymically active and are practically indistinguishable from the original enzyme by several structural and spectroscopic criteria, despite the creation of new termini and the cleavage of a surface loop. This novel genetic approach should be useful for protein folding studies both in vitro and in vivo.
Vision-based global localization and mapping for mobile robots (2005)

We have previously developed a mobile robot system which uses scale-invariant visual landmarks to localize and simultaneously build three-dimensional (3-D) maps of unmodified environments. In this paper, we examine global localization, where the robot localizes itself globally, without any prior location estimate. This is achieved by matching distinctive visual landmarks in the current frame to a database map. A Hough transform approach and a RANSAC approach for global localization are compared, showing that RANSAC is much more efficient for matching specific features, but much worse for matching nonspecific features. Moreover, robust global localization can be achieved by matching a small submap of the local region built from multiple frames. This submap alignment algorithm for global localization can be applied to map building, which can be regarded as alignment of multiple 3-D submaps. A global minimization procedure is carried out using the loop closure constraint to avoid the effects of slippage and drift accumulation. Landmark uncertainty is taken into account in the submap alignment and the global minimization process. Experiments show that global localization can be achieved accurately using the scale-invariant landmarks. Our approach of pairwise submap alignment with backward correction in a consistent manner produces a better global 3-D map.
Systemic activation of the immune system induces aberrant BAFF and APRIL expression in B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2009)

Our data show that B cells contribute to the enhanced levels of circulating BAFF and APRIL. The aberrant up-regulation of these cytokines may initiate a vicious circle in which enhanced levels of BAFF and APRIL act in an autocrine manner to reinforce the systemic activation of the humoral immune system.
SixthSense (2009)

This prototype is comprised of a pocket projector, a mirror, and a camera. The hardware components are contained in a pendant-like wearable device. Both the projector and the camera are connected to the mobile computing device in the user's pocket. The projector projects visual information on walls and other physical objects, which become interfaces, while the camera recognizes and tracks the user's hand gestures and physical objects using computer-vision techniques.