gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internet traffic control and management architecture (2002)

Internet traffic control and management can be used to serve many different purposes. Congestion control in routing and resource reservation is such an example. Admission control for quality of service is another. Despite the different goals that Internet traffic control and management is trying to achieve, there could be one common architecture that serves as the framework. In this paper, we present such a generic architecture. We also study a particular type of traffic control and management: network load balancing, that is, the distribution of user requests among a set of heterogeneous servers that provide the same information and services to the user. The objective of load balancing is to control and manage how user traffic goes to the servers in order to achieve a higher level of server and network resource utilization. We describe the problem and discuss the various issues for solving the problem. The discussion on the load balancing problem serves as an example to show how the presented architectural framework can be applied to solving real problems.
Abstract 3143: A novel approach to deplete Treg cells using non-IL-2 blocking anti-CD25-targeting antibodies leads to complete rejection of established tumors (2018)

Abstract The accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor hampers effector anti-tumor activity and correlates with a bad prognosis in several human cancers. Increasing the effector T cell (Teff) to regulatory T cell (Treg) ratio is known to result in improved control of established tumors. Studies demonstrating high levels of CD25 expression on Tregs but not Teff in human tumors have underscored its relevance as a target for Treg depletion. This supported the development of anti-CD25 depleting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as a promising monotherapy as well as combination partner in cancer immunotherapies. To date, anti-CD25 antibodies for clinical use have been designed to deplete CD25 positive cells but also to block IL-2 binding and signaling. Since IL-2 is a critical cytokine involved in T cell activation and proliferation, we hypothesized that a depleting antibody targeting CD25 on Treg cells but not blocking IL-2 signaling on Teff cells would induce a more potent anti-tumor response by depleting Tregs whilst still allowing IL-2 to stimulate effector T cells. We therefore compared the functional activity of anti-mouse CD25 depleting mAbs with and without IL-2 blocking activity. After having confirmed their differential impact on IL-2 signaling, we evaluated the therapeutic activity of these mAbs in various syngeneic tumor models. While both the IL-2 blocking and non-IL-2 blocking mAbs showed equivalent Treg-depleting activity, the antibody sparing IL-2 signaling promoted stronger anti-tumor effect than the IL-2 blocking mAb, with complete tumor regression observed in 70-100% of the mice after a single administration of the antibody. Our data demonstrates that targeting CD25 with ADCC enabled antibodies preserving IL-2 signaling is a novel and powerful strategy for rejection of established tumors via depletion of Treg cells and enhanced, cell intrinsic, IL-2-driven effector T cell activation. Citation Format: Isabelle Solomon, Frederick Arce Vargas, Dimitrios Zervas, Chen Qing, Josephine Salimu, Mark Brown, Pascal Merchiers, Aghiles Boughetane, Karl S. Peggs, Anne Goubier, Sergio A. Quezada. A novel approach to deplete Treg cells using non-IL-2 blocking anti-CD25-targeting antibodies leads to complete rejection of established tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3143.
Colorimetric Measurement of Lactic Dehydrogenase Activity of Body Fluids (1958)

Journal Article Colorimetric Measurement of Lactic Dehydrogenase Activity of Body Fluids Get access Philip G. Cabaud, M.D., Philip G. Cabaud, M.D. The Brooklyn Hospital, Brooklyn, and the Sloan-Kettering Institute of Memorial Center, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Felix Wróblewski, M.D., Felix Wróblewski, M.D. The Brooklyn Hospital, Brooklyn, and the Sloan-Kettering Institute of Memorial Center, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar With the Technical Assistance ok, With the Technical Assistance ok Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Vincent Ruggiero Vincent Ruggiero The Brooklyn Hospital, Brooklyn, and the Sloan-Kettering Institute of Memorial Center, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 30, Issue 3, 1 September 1958, Pages 234–236, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/30.3.234 Published: 01 September 1958 Article history Received: 25 February 1958 Revision received: 05 April 1958 Accepted: 21 April 1958 Published: 01 September 1958
Molecular recognition of aminoglycoside antibiotics by ribosomal RNA and resistance enzymes: An analysis of x‐ray crystal structures (2003)

The potential of RNA molecules to be used as therapeutic targets by small inhibitors is now well established. In this fascinating wide-open field, aminoglycoside antibiotics constitute the most studied family of RNA binding drugs. Within the last three years, several x-ray crystal structures were solved for aminoglycosides complexed to one of their main natural targets in the bacterial cell, the decoding aminoacyl-tRNA site (A site). Other crystallographic structures have revealed the binding modes of aminoglycosides to the three existing types of resistance-associated enzymes. The present review summarizes the various aspects of the molecular recognition of aminoglycosides by these natural RNA or protein receptors. The analysis and the comparisons of the detailed interactions offer insights that are helpful in designing new generations of antibiotics.
Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber as a high resolution probe (2016)

We sample ultra-broadband light, focused onto a diffraction-limited spot, to an endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber (ESM) and detect both the field amplitude and phase using a SEA TADPOLE interferometer. We resolve spatial features up to 2.5 times finer than the fiber mode size while sampling the periodic features of the bipolar oscillating field in the transverse section. The resolution enhancement is expected also in other types of single-mode fibers in intensity measurements and leads to an inexpensive method for characterizing the point-spread function of such optical fields, e.g., diffraction-limited spots from microscope objectives. In addition, we demonstrate the guidance of a high-NA light field in the fine structure of an ESM fiber mode. The results are especially valuable for devices where a fiber tip acts as an input slit and defines the spatial resolution, e.g., fiber-based interferometers, spectrometers, and sensors.
Anti-CD40 ligand antibody treatment prevents the development of lupus-like nephritis in a subset of New Zealand black x New Zealand white mice. Response correlates with the absence of an anti-antibody response (1996)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by B cell production of pathogenic autoantibodies dependent upon cooperation from CD4+ Th cells. The interaction between CD40 on B cells and CD40 ligand (CD40L) on Th cells is necessary for normal thymus-dependent Ab production. An anti-murine CD40L mAb blocks binding of CD40L to CD40 and prevents primary and secondary immune responses to thymus-dependent Ags. In this study, New Zealand Black x New Zealand White lupus-prone mice treated with this anti-CD40L Ab from ages 4 to 10 mo had reduced anti-DNA autoantibody production and renal disease and significantly prolonged survival compared with control mice. Pathologic examination verified the absence of significant renal damage or immune deposition in responding mice. Mice that responded to treatment did not develop an Ab response to the administered Ab. Long-term survivors mounted a substantial Ab response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin after completion of anti-CD40L Ab treatment, suggesting that some of the immunosuppressive effects of the Ab may be reversible. These results suggest a human form of this Ab may have therapeutic utility in human systemic lupus erythematosus.
PurTreeClust: A Clustering Algorithm for Customer Segmentation from Massive Customer Transaction Data (2017)

Clustering of customer transaction data is an important procedure to analyze customer behaviors in retail and e-commerce companies. Note that products from companies are often organized as a product tree, in which the leaf nodes are goods to sell, and the internal nodes (except root node) could be multiple product categories. Based on this tree, we propose the “personalized product tree”, named purchase tree, to represent a customer's transaction records. So the customers' transaction data set can be compressed into a set of purchase trees. We propose a partitional clustering algorithm, named PurTreeClust, for fast clustering of purchase trees. A new distance metric is proposed to effectively compute the distance between two purchase trees. To cluster the purchase tree data, we first rank the purchase trees as candidate representative trees with a novel separate density, and then select the top k customers as the representatives of k customer groups. Finally, the clustering results are obtained by assigning each customer to the nearest representative. We also propose a gap statistic based method to evaluate the number of clusters. A series of experiments were conducted on ten real-life transaction data sets, and experimental results show the superior performance of the proposed method.
On methods for the detection of reactive oxygen species generation by human spermatozoa: analysis of the cellular responses to catechol oestrogen, lipid aldehyde, menadione and arachidonic acid (2013)

Oxidative stress is known to have a major impact on human sperm function and, as a result, there is a need to develop sensitive methods for measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by these cells. A variety of techniques have been developed for this purpose including chemiluminescence (luminol and lucigenin), flow cytometry (MitoSOX Red, dihydroethidium, 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) and spectrophotometry (nitroblue tetrazolium). The relative sensitivity of these assays and their comparative ability to detect ROS generated in different subcellular compartments of human spermatozoa, have not previously been investigated. To address this issue, we have compared the performance of these assays when ROS generation was triggered with a variety of reagents including 2-hydroxyestradiol, menadione, 4-hydroxynonenal and arachidonic acid. The results revealed that menadione predominantly induced release of ROS into the extracellular space where these metabolites could be readily detected by luminol-peroxidase and, to a lesser extent, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein. However, such sensitivity to extracellular ROS meant that these assays were particularly vulnerable to interference by leucocytes. The remaining reagents predominantly elicited ROS generation by the sperm mitochondria and could be optimally detected by MitoSOX Red and DHE. Examination of spontaneous ROS generation by defective human spermatozoa revealed that MitoSOX Red was the most effective indicator of oxidative stress, thereby emphasizing the general importance of mitochondrial dysregulation in the aetiology of defective sperm function.
The Making of I-BET762, a BET Bromodomain Inhibitor Now in Clinical Development (2013)

Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins belong to a class of proteins collectively called epigenetic "readers". BET bromodomains have emerged as promising drug targets for treatment of cancers, inflammatory diseases, and other medical conditions. GlaxoSmithKline scientists have successfully optimized a class of benzodiazepines as inhibitors of BET bromodomains, without any prior knowledge of identified molecular targets. It thus is possible to hit a target without aiming at it. The optimized lead compound I-BET762 is currently being evaluated in a phase I clinical trial for treatment of human cancer.
Functional balance between haemagglutinin and neuraminidase in influenza virus infections (2002)

Influenza A and B viruses carry two surface glycoproteins, the haemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA). Both proteins have been found to recognise the same host cell molecule, sialic acid. HA binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on target cells to initiate virus infection, whereas NA cleaves sialic acids from cellular receptors and extracellular inhibitors to facilitate progeny virus release and to promote the spread of the infection to neighbouring cells. Numerous studies performed recently have revealed that an optimal interplay between these receptor-binding and receptor-destroying activities of the surface glycoproteins is required for efficient virus replication. An existing balance between the antagonistic HA and NA functions of individual viruses can be disturbed by various events, such as reassortment, virus transmission to a new host, or therapeutic inhibition of neuraminidase. The resulting decrease in the viral replicative fitness is usually overcome by restoration of the functional balance due to compensatory mutations in HA, NA or both proteins.
The surgical CAD/CAM paradigm and an implementation for robotically-assisted percutaneous local therapy (2002)

Computer-integrated surgery represents a growing segment of our national healthcare system. These systems transform preoperative images and other information into models of individual patients, assist clinicians in developing an optimized interventional plan, register this preoperative data to the actual patient in the operating room, and then use a variety of means, such as robots and image overlay displays, to assist in the accurate execution of the planned interventions. Finally, they perform complex postoperative analysis of the interventions. Borrowing analogies from industrial production systems, the process was named surgical CAD/CAM. Percutaneous ("through skin") local therapies represent a significant portion of minimally invasive procedures. They involve the insertion of tubular therapy devices (needles, catheters, bone drills, screws, tissue ablating devices, etc.) into the body, with the guidance of intra-operative imaging devices, like CT, MRI, ultrasound, or fluoroscopy. Percutaneous systems also depend on sophisticated image acquisition and analysis tools. This paper provides an introduction to the surgical CADICAM paradigm and also presents an implementation of the paradigm for percutaneous local therapies.
rpt-1, an intracellular protein from helper/inducer T cells that regulates gene expression of interleukin 2 receptor and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (1988)

The Rpt-1 (for regulatory protein, T-lymphocyte, 1) gene, selectively expressed by resting but not by activated CD4+ inducer T cells, encodes an intracellular protein (rpt-1, Mr 41,000) that down-regulates gene expression directed by the promoter region of the gene encoding interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain and by the long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The data reported here suggest that rpt-1 levels may be inversely correlated with activation of CD4+ T cells and human immunodeficiency virus replication leading to clinical symptoms of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Single-chain Fv-streptavidin substantially improved therapeutic index in multistep targeting directed at disialoganglioside GD2. (2004)

Improvement in the T/NT ratio using pretargeting strategy may increase the efficacy and safety of scFv-based approaches in cancer therapy. Additionally, since biotinylated polypeptides can be rendered tumor selective, a large repertoire of agents can potentially be explored.
Nucleocapsid Protein-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection and Differentiation of Antibodies against European and North American Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (2002)

Two types of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have been reported, the European type (EU PRRSV) and the North American type (US PRRSV). We developed a dual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of serum antibodies directed against either of the two PRRSV types. This tandem PRRS ELISA is based on affinity-purified recombinant nucleocapsid protein expressed in Escherichia coli. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed by using the IDEXX HerdChek PRRS ELISA and the indirect immunofluorescence assay as reference tests. A total of 1571 sera originating from the United States, Europe, and two PRRS-free countries, i.e., Switzerland and New Zealand, were used for validation of the tandem PRRS ELISA. The new test performed at least as well as the reference tests in regard to sensitivity (0.94 for the US PRRS ELISA and 0.93 for the EU PRRS ELISA) and specificity (0.96 for the US PRRS ELISA and 0.99 for the EU PRRS ELISA). Positive sera were correctly differentiated in 582 of 591 cases, indicating a high differentiation capability of this dual ELISA. The robustness and repeatability of the test were assessed and found to be appropriate for diagnostic applications. Taken together, the data indicate that the tandem PRRS ELISA described here is the first differentiation ELISA for PRRSV serology based on recombinant antigen. It is convenient with respect to antigen production, and it is reliable, economical, and highly sensitive and specific. Thus, it is considered to be a powerful tool for routine diagnostics, epidemiological surveys, and outbreak investigations.
Stability of African swine fever virus on spiked spray‐dried porcine plasma (2021)

African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease that affects members of the Suidae family. The notifiable disease is considered a major threat to the pig industry, animal health, and food security worldwide. According to the European Food Safety Authority, ASF virus (ASFV) survival and transmission in feed and feed materials is a major research gap. Against this background, the objective of this study was to determine the survival of ASFV on spiked spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) when stored at two different temperatures. To this means, commercial SDPP granules were contaminated with high titers of ASFV in a worst-case external contamination scenario. Three samples per time point and temperature condition were subjected to blind passaging on macrophage cultures and subsequent haemadsorption test to determine residual infectivity. In addition, viral genome was detected by real-time PCR. The results indicate that heavily contaminated SDPP stored at 4°C remains infectious for at least 5 weeks. In contrast, spiked SDPP stored at room temperature displayed a distinct ASFV titer reduction after 1 week (>2.8 log levels) and complete inactivation after 2 weeks (>5.7 log levels). In conclusion, the residual risk of ASFV transmission through externally contaminated SDPP is low if SDPP is stored at room temperature (21 ± 2°C) for a period of at least 2 weeks before feeding.
Isolation of active genes containing CAG repeats by DNA strand invasion by a peptide nucleic acid. (1995)

An amplification of tandem CAG trinucleotide sequences in DNA due to errors in DNA replication is involved in at least four hereditary neurodegenerative diseases. The CAG triplet repeats when translated into protein give rise to tracts of glutamine residues, which are a prominent feature of many transcription factors, including the TATA-binding protein of transcription factor TFIID. We have used a biotin-labeled, complementary peptide nucleic acid (PNA) to invade the CAG repeats in intact chromatin and then employed a method for the selective isolation of transcriptionally active chromatin restriction fragments containing the PNA.DNA hybrids. The PNA-containing chromatin fragments were captured on streptavidin-agarose magnetic beads and shown to contain all the CAG.PNA hybrids of the active chromatin fraction. DNA hybridization experiments using a DNA probe specific for unique sequences downstream of the CAG-tandem repeats confirmed that the PNA.DNA hybrids contained the transcribed gene for the TATA-binding protein. In contrast, no hybridization signal was detected with a DNA probe specific for the c-myc protooncogene, which is amplified and transcriptionally active in COLO 320DM cells but lacks CAG tandem repeats.
Thermo‐Oxidative aging of a primary lightguide coating in films and dual‐coated fibers (1989)

Abstract The thermo‐oxidative aging of a polyether urethane lightguide primary coating has been studied in films and dual‐coated fibers, In films, oxygen absorption is correlated with changes in modulus, yellowness, glass transition temperature, and sample weight. Thermal aging of fibers shows similar trends with regards to coating weight loss and discoloration as those observed with films. In addition, the force to mechanically strip the fiber follows the same patterns of change as the modulus of aged films. For both films and fibers, the time for onset of property changes varies inversely with temperature and can be delayed by the incorporation of an antioxidant.
[The application of frozen homogenic brephobone in surgical treatment of chronic periapical periodontitis] (1993)

Clinical effectiveness of frozen homogenic brephobone as a filling material in the treatment in the treatment of chronic periapical periodontitis was evaluated.42 patents with chronic periapical periodontitis,periapical,cyst and periapical granuloma were observed.After apical curettage was performed,22 cases were filled with frozen homogenic brephobone and other cases were close bone cavity with traditional treatment.All these cases were then covered with periodontal packing agent.Radiograph and clinical observation were made respectively at 2 week,1 month,3 month,6 month and 12 month recall visit following the surgery.It was found that the way of filling with frozen homogenic brephobone is more advantageous than the traditional way.
Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus with adjustable buttoned device. Initial clinical experience. (1993)

BACKGROUNDSeveral devices are available for transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus. Most of these devices either require complicated intracardiac maneuvering, have not been tried in humans, or need a large-sized sheath for implantation of the device.METHODS AND RESULTSDuring a 26-month period ending November 1992, 14 patients underwent transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus with an adjustable buttoned device delivered via a 7F sheath under an institutional review board-approved custom-made device protocol. The children were 15 months to 8 years of age with weight range of 7.2 to 19 kg. The patent ductus arteriosus measured from 2 to 7.5 mm (median, 3 mm) at the narrowest diameter and was conical, short, or tubular. They were occluded with devices measuring 15 to 20 mm. The ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow decreased (P < .01) from 1.9 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SD; range, 1.3 to 3.2) to 1.05 +/- 0.1 (1 to 1.3). Continuous murmur of patent ductus arteriosus disappeared in all except 1 pati...