gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of adhesion and spreading of animal cells (1994)

The adhesion and spreading of cells at surfaces are well established phenomena which have been extensively observed using light or electron microscopy. The kinetics of both processes can be quantitatively measured by allowing the cells to attach themselves to the surface of a planar waveguide allows the number of cells per unit area and a parameter uniquely characterizing their shape, such as the area in contact with the surface, to be determined. Cells suspended in nutrient medium or pure phosphate buffer were allowed to attach to and spread on a metal oxide surface or a layer of fibronectin, and the kinetics of attachment and spreading have been measured. Attachment kinetics are the same in all cases, but spreading on the metal oxide requires nutrient medium, without which it does not occur. Spreading of cells attached to a layer of fibronectin in the absence of nutrient medium occurs at about a tenth of the rate of cells spreading on metal oxide in the presence of nutrient. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of butylated hydroxyanisole on the tumorigenicity and metabolism of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine in A/J mice. (1986)

Female A/J mice were maintained on NIH-07 diet or on NIH-07 diet containing butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, a mixture of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole), 5 mg/g, for 1 week prior to and during 10 weeks of treatment with N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) or N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), administered in the drinking water. Twenty weeks after nitrosamine treatment ended, mice were sacrificed and lung adenomas were counted. BHA inhibited NDMA tumorigenesis but enhanced NPYR tumorigenesis. Treatment of A/J mice for three weeks with BHA (5 mg/g) added to semisynthetic diet increased whole lung microsomal alpha-hydroxylation of NDMA and NPYR, as measured by aldehyde production, and increased lung and hepatic glutathione-S-transferase activities. No evidence was found for formation of S-methylglutathione in incubations with NDMA and hepatic supernatants obtained from BHA treated or control mice. Four h after gavage of NDMA, levels of 7-methylguanine in the lung DNA of mice treated with BHA were higher than in the lung DNA of control mice, but levels of O6-methylguanine in the two groups were the same. The results of this study indicate that BHA treatment increases the microsomal metabolic alpha hydroxylation of both NDMA and NPYR, but has differential effects on their tumorigenic activities.
[Measurement of steel corrosion in concrete structures by analyzing long-period fiber grating spectrum character]. (2008)

The consideration on the durability of concrete structures with reinforcement corrosion has become a most urgent problem. A new technique to measure the corrosion of steel in concrete structures was proposed in the present paper. It is based on the microbending characteristic of long period optical grating (LPFG). The temperature spectum character and curvature spectrum character of long period optical fiber grating were studied first. It was shown that the transmission spectrum of long period optical fiber grating shifted right and the transmission of the resonance wavelength was invariable when the temperature increased, while the transmission spectrum of long period optical fiber grating became shallow when the curvature increased, the transmission of the resonance wavelength would increase and it was linear with the curvature. On the basis of the characteristic, a notch shaped pedestal was designed and a long period optical fiber grating was laid on the steel surface. With this method the radial expansion of the steel resulting from the steel corrosion would translate into the curvature of the long period optical fiber grating. The curvature of long period optical fiber grating could be obtained by analyzing the change of spectrum, and then the steel corrosion depth could be measured. This method is simple and immediate and is independent of the variety in temperature, strain and refractive index owing to the inimitable spectrum characteristic of long period optical fiber grating. From the experiment it was found that the precision of the corrosion depth was better than 1.2 microm, and the corrosion depth of 3 mm could be achieved. This measurement could be used to monitor the early to metaphase corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete structures.
Catalytic Role of 2′-Hydroxyl Groups Within a Group II Intron Active Site (1996)

Domain 5 is an essential active-site component of group II intron ribozymes. The role of backbone substituents in D5 function was explored through synthesis of a series of derivatives containing deoxynucleotides at each position along the D5 strand. Kinetic screens revealed that eight 2'-hydroxyl groups were likely to be critical for activity of D5. Through two separate methods, including competitive inhibition and direct kinetic analysis, effects on binding and chemistry were distinguished. Depending on their function, important 2'-hydroxyl groups lie on opposite faces of the molecule, defining distinct loci for molecular recognition and catalysis by D5.
Suppression of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Using Peptide Mimics of CD28 (2002)

The B7:CD28/CTLA-4 costimulatory pathway plays a critical role in regulating the immune response and thus provides an ideal target for therapeutic manipulation of autoimmune disease. Previous studies have shown that blockade of CD28 signaling by mAbs can both prevent and exacerbate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, we have designed two CD28 peptide mimics that selectively block B7:CD28 interactions. By surface plasmon resonance, both the end group-blocked CD28 peptide (EL-CD28) and its retro-inverso isomer (RI-CD28) compete effectively with the extracellular domain of CD28 for binding to B7-1. Both the CD28 peptide mimics inhibited expansion of encephalitogenic T cells in vitro. A single administration of EL-CD28 or RI-CD28 peptide significantly reduced disease severity in EAE. Importantly, we show that either CD28 peptide mimic administered during acute disease dramatically improved clinical signs of EAE, suppressing ongoing disease. The ratio of CD80:CD86 expression was significantly lower on CD4(+) and F4/80(+) spleen cells in CD28 peptide-treated mice. Peripheral deletion of Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells occurs following in vivo blockade of CD28 with synthetic CD28 peptides.
An antagonist of integrin αvβ3 prevents maturation of blood vessels during embryonic neovascularization (1995)

Experimental data in this study demonstrate that integrin alpha v beta 3 is fundamentally involved in the maturation of blood vessels during embryonic neovascularization (vasculogenesis). Integrin alpha v beta 3 was specifically expressed on the surface of angioblasts during vessel development in quail embryos and vitronectin, a ligand for alpha v beta 3, localized to the basal surface of these cells. More importantly, microinjection of the anti-alpha v beta 3 monoclonal antibody, LM609, disrupted the normal pattern of vascular development. After exposure to LM609 the angioblasts in experimental embryos appeared as clusters of rounded cells lacking normal cellular protrusions. This led to disruption of lumen formation and abnormal vessel patterning. These findings demonstrate that during vasculogenesis ligation of integrin alpha v beta 3 on the surface of primordial endothelial cells is critical for the differentiation and maturation of blood vessels. Similar studies on chicken chorioallantoic membrane showed that LM609 blocks angiogenesis. Together the two studies suggest that integrin alpha v beta 3 plays a role in neovascularization of tissues.
Single-chain antibody fragments derived from a human synthetic phage-display library bind thrombospondin and inhibit sickle cell adhesion (2003)

The enhanced adhesion of sickle red blood cells (RBCs) to the vascular endothelium and subendothelial matrix likely plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of vaso-occlusion in sickle cell disease. Sickle RBCs have enhanced adhesion to the plasma and extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP) under conditions of flow in vitro. In this study, we sought to develop antibodies that bind TSP from a highly diverse library of human single-chain Fv fragments (scFvs) displayed on filamentous phage. Following 3 rounds of phage selection of increasing stringency 6 unique scFvs that bound purified TSP by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were isolated. Using an in vitro flow adhesion assay, 3 of the 6 isolated scFvs inhibited the adhesion of sickle RBCs to immobilized TSP by more than 40% compared with control scFvs (P <.001). Furthermore, scFv TSP-A10 partially inhibited sickle RBC adhesion to activated endothelial cells (P <.005). Using TSP proteolytic fragments to map the binding site, we showed that 2 of the inhibitory scFvs bound an epitope in the calcium-binding domain or proximal cell-binding domain of TSP, providing evidence for the role of these domains in the adhesion of sickle RBCs to TSP. In summary, we have isolated a panel of scFvs that specifically bind to TSP and differentially inhibit sickle RBC adhesion to surface-bound TSP under flow conditions. These scFvs will be useful reagents for investigating the role of the calcium and cell-binding domains of TSP in sickle RBC adhesion.
Structural basis for eIF2B inhibition in integrated stress response (2019)

A core event in the integrated stress response, an adaptive pathway common to all eukaryotic cells in response to various stress stimuli, is the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2). Normally, unphosphorylated eIF2 transfers the methionylated initiator tRNA to the ribosome in a guanosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent manner. By contrast, phosphorylated eIF2 inhibits its specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, eIF2B. To elucidate how the eIF2 phosphorylation status regulates the eIF2B activity, we determined cryo-electron microscopic and crystallographic structures of eIF2B in complex with unphosphorylated or phosphorylated eIF2. The unphosphorylated and phosphorylated forms of eIF2 bind to eIF2B in completely different manners: the nucleotide exchange-active and -inactive modes, respectively. These structures explain how phosphorylated eIF2 dominantly inhibits the nucleotide exchange activity of eIF2B.
Estudio piloto comparativo entre la colonoscopia virtual y colonoscopia convencional en pacientes con patología de colon (2013)

: La colonoscopia convencional es el estandar de oro para el diagnostico de la patologia de colon. La colonoscopia virtual es un metodo diagnostico no invasivo basado en una tecnica tomografi ca que utiliza programas computacionales que permiten la reconstruccion de ima- genes multiplanares o endoluminales simulando el examen del colon. Objetivo: Determinar la efi cacia diagnostica de ambos metodos. Material y metodos: Se seleccionaron 12 pacientes que presentaban sintomas o patologia de colon, que acudieron a la consulta externa del Servicio de Coloproctologia y a quienes se les realizo ambos estudios. Posteriormente se comparo la tasa diagnostica y precision de cada uno de los metodos. Resultados: La colonoscopia convencional fue positiva para el diagnostico de enfermedad en 12 pacientes (100%), mientras que la colonoscopia virtual fue positiva en nueve pacientes (90%), aunque solo en cinco pacientes (50%) el diagnostico coincidio con el diagnostico defi nitivo. Conclusiones: La colonoscopia virtual es un auxiliar en el diagnostico cuando no es posible realizar la colonoscopia convencional, pero no la sustituye
Assessing Postural Control and Postural Control Strategy in Diabetes Patients Using Innovative and Wearable Technology (2010)

This study suggested an innovative system that enables the investigation of COM as well as postural control compensatory strategy in humans. Results suggest that neuropathy significantly impacts PCS.
Controversies with aminosalicylates in inflammatory bowel disease. (2004)

Aminosalicylates have been shown to exhibit a wide range of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Since the discovery of sulfasalazine's efficacy in ulcerative colitis and the subsequent development of sulfa-free mesalamine delivery systems, aminosalicylates have evolved to become an integral part of our therapeutic armamentarium and are now first-line therapies for the treatment of mildly to moderately active inflammatory bowel disease and for maintenance of remissions after successful induction therapy. Despite the substantial body of evidence supporting the use of aminosalicylates in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, gaps in our evidence base and controversies surrounding aminosalicylates clinical application have emerged. In this review, issues of dose response and optimization of the treatment regimen in ulcerative colitis, the discrimination between oral mesalamine formulations in left-sided colitis, and their efficacy in active and quiescent Crohn's disease are discussed.
Lid for a Vacuum Line Cooling Trap. (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLid for a Vacuum Line Cooling Trap.Saqib Ali , M. Danish , and M. Mazhar Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 6, 549Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1995Published inissue 1 June 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ed072p549Request reuse permissions Article Views45Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (281 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Syntheses of Variations of Stereogenic-at-Metal Imido Alkylidene Complexes of Molybdenum (2012)

In this paper we describe the syntheses of several new stereogenic-at-metal imido alkylidene complexes of molybdenum, Mo(NR)(CHR′)(X)(Y), many of which had to be prepared through selective nucleophilic displacement reactions in imido alkylidene complexes. The reported compounds include Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)(MesPyr)2 (1a; MesPyr = 2-mesitylpyrrolide, Ad = 1-adamantyl), Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)(2-CNPyr)2 (1b; 2-CNPyr = 2-cyanopyrrolide), Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)(MesPyr)(OTPP) (2a; OTPP = 2,3,5,6-tetraphenylphenoxide), Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)(MesPyr)(OBr2Bitet) (2b; OBr2Bitet = (R)-3,3′-dibromo-2′-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′-octahydro-1,1′-binaphthyl-2-olate), Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)(OHIPT)(2-Mespyr) (2c; HIPT = 2,6-(2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)2C6H3), Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)(OTf)(OHIPT) (3), Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)(OTf)(OHIPT)(PMe3) (3(PMe3)), Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)(2-CNPyr)(OHIPT) (4), Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)(OHIPT)(OCMe3) (5), Mo(NR)(CHCMe2Ph)(ORF6)(OHMT) (ORF6 = OCMe(CF3)2; HMT = 2,6-Mes2C6H3; R = 2,6-iPr2C6H3 (Ar, 6a), 2,6-Me2C6H3 (Ar′, 6b), 2-iPrC6H4 (AriPr, 6c), Ad (6d)), Mo(NR)(CHCMe2Ph)(ORF6)[N(H)HMT] (7a (R = Ar′) and 7b (R = AriPr)), and Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)(ORF6)(HMT) (8). X-ray structural studies were carried out on 1b, 2a–c, 3(PMe3), 4, 5, 6d, 7b, and 8. Compound 1b is an octamer in which two η1-pyrrolides are trans to one another at each metal center and cyano groups bind from neighboring Mo centers trans to the alkylidene and imido ligands.
A CORBA Trader-based Dynamic Binding Infrastructure in Pervasive Computing (2006)

Pervasive computing environments are far more dynamic and heterogeneous than enterprise environments, in which, the computing is invisible for users, but they may still enjoy its services perfectly. In order to realize this stirring idea, the system needs to automatically discover, use the devices and services. The paper introduces A CORBA trader-based dynamic binding infrastructure called CTDBI that automatically deals with issues of service discovery and binding. The CTDBI mask the dynamic and heterogeneous environment, and provide constant available services to application through uniform interface. By providing robust separation of concerns to applications, it can simplify the implementation of application in pervasive computing. It also uses a contextual approach to improve the efficiency of discovery mechanism. Finally, we have presented detailed examples to evaluate the validity of CTDBI
Wafer scale production of carbon nanotube scanning probe tips for atomic force microscopy (2002)

A methodology is developed to enable wafer scale fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) tips for atomic force microscopy. Catalyst selectively placed onto 375 prefabricated Si tips on a wafer is made possible by a simple patterning technique. Chemical vapor deposition on the wafer scale leads to the growth of SWNTs protruding from more than 90% of the Si tips. This represents an important step towards the scale up of nanotube probe tips for advanced nanoscale imaging of solid-state and soft biological systems and for scanning probe lithography.
Diode laser illuminators for night-vision applications (2001)

We describe a prototype night vision system for automotive applications that uses a high power near-infrared (NIR) diode laser, compact optics, and a CCD camera. Because NIR radiation is invisible to the human eye, a high-beam illumination pattern can be formed permitting a clear view of objects on both sides of the roadway, even in the presence of oncoming traffic. A narrow band-pass filter in front of the camera passes only the laser wavelength and prevents blooming of the image due to the headlights of other vehicles. This system permits drivers to see objects at night (such as debris or pedestrians) that are in close proximity to oncoming vehicles. The diode laser operates at 810 nm and emits 5 - 10 W. The illuminator distributes the laser light using a combination of refractive, reflective, and holographic optics in a manner that meets the standards for Maximum Permissible Exposure. We discuss the performance of our prototype system as a function of laser power and camera field-of-view and sensitivity, and we provide comparisons with a commercially available automotive night-vision system that uses a thermal-imaging camera.
Strategies towards a longer acting factor VIII (2006)

The reduced mortality, improved joint outcomes and enhanced quality of life, which have been witnessed in the developed world for patients with haemophilia, have been an outstanding achievement. Advancements in biotechnology contributed significantly through the development of improved pathogen screening, viral inactivation techniques and the development of recombinant clotting factors. These were partnered with enhanced delivery of care through comprehensive haemophilia centres, adoption of home therapy and most recently effective prophylaxis. This came at great costs to governments, medical insurers and patients' families. In addition, barriers persist limiting the adoption and adherence of effective prophylactic therapy. Biotechnology has been successful at overcoming similar barriers in other disease states. Long-acting biological therapeutics are an incremental advance towards overcoming some of these barriers. Strategies that have been successful for other therapeutic proteins are now being applied to factor VIII (FVIII) and include modifications such as the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers and polysialic acids and alternative formulation with PEG-modified liposomes. In addition, insight into FVIII structure and function has allowed targeted modifications of the protein to increase the duration of its cofactor activity and reduce its clearance in vivo. The potential advantages and disadvantages of these approaches will be discussed.
Nestin and SOX9 and SOX10 transcription factors are coexpressed in melanoma (2009)

Nestin is an intermediate filament expressed in proliferating neural progenitor cells and has been considered as a stem cell marker. Nestin is also found in melanoma and we recently demonstrated that its expression in melanoma cell lines is regulated by the transcription factors SOX9 and SOX10, but not BRN2. In this study, the expression levels of nestin, BRN2, SOX9 and SOX10 were analysed in tissues of melanoma (n = 78) and melanocytic nevi (n = 26) by immunohistochemistry. All proteins were highly expressed in primary and metastatic melanomas and, apart from BRN2, showed much lower levels in melanocytic nevi. Significant coexpression of nestin with SOX9 and SOX10 was found in primary melanoma confirming our in vitro data. Correlation analysis with clinicopathological data revealed that nestin was significantly associated with presence of ulceration in primary tumors and SOX9 with more advanced stage of disease. Our data reveal that SOX9 and SOX10 are highly expressed in melanoma and seem to have a regulatory role in nestin expression. The association with ulceration and advanced-stage tumors, respectively, suggests that nestin and SOX9 may be negative prognostic markers in melanoma.
Dental plaque: biological significance of a biofilm and community life‐style (2005)

Dental plaque displays properties that are typical of biofilms and microbial communities in general, a clinical consequence of which is a reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial agents as well as pathogenic synergism.
Adaptive real-time anomaly detection using inductively generated sequential patterns (1990)

A time-based inductive learning approach to the problem of real-time anomaly detection is described. This approach uses sequential rules that characterize a user's behavior over time. A rulebase is used to store patterns of user activities, and anomalies are reported whenever a user's activity deviates significantly from those specified in the rules. The rules in the rulebase characterize either the sequential relationships between security audit records or the temporal properties of the records. The rules are created in two ways: they are either dynamically generated and modified by a time-based inductive engine in order to adapt to changes in a user's behavior, or they are specified by the security management to implement a site security policy. This approach allows the correlation between adjacent security events to be exploited for the purpose of greater sensitivity in anomaly detection against seemingly intractable (or erratic) activities using statistical approaches. Real-time detection of anomaly activities is possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A subspace rotation approach to signal parameter estimation (1986)

A new approach to Estimation of Signal Parameters by Rotational Invariance Techniques (ESPRIT) is described in the context of direction-of-arrival estimation, but is also applicable to other problems. The method relies on finding the underlying rotation between the common subspaces associated with an array of pairwise-matched and codirectional sensor doublets. ESPRIT has several remarkable advantages over earlier techniques such as MUSIC, and also provides asymptotically unbiased and efficient estimates.