gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Full-Length IgG Antibodies from Combinatorial Libraries Expressed in Escherichia coli (2008)

We have developed a technology for the facile isolation of full-length IgG antibodies with desired specificity from combinatorial libraries expressed in Escherichia coli. Full-length heavy and light chains are expressed from a bicistronic operon and are secreted into the periplasm where they assemble into aglycosylated IgGs that are fully functional for antigen binding. Expression of an inner membrane-tethered Fc-binding protein is used to capture the IgG molecules and anchor them to the cell. Following outer membrane disruption, clones expressing IgGs that specifically recognize fluorescently labeled antigen are selected by flow cytometry. This technique was used for the isolation of several IgGs with nanomolar affinities toward the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis from immune libraries. High-throughput isolation of E. coli-derived full-length IgG can greatly expedite the discovery and production of antibodies for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Significant positive correlation of plasma BPDE-albumin adducts to urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in coke oven workers. (2007)

BPDE-albumin adduct is a useful biomarker for monitoring long-term exposure to PAHs, and plasma BPDE-albumin adducts level is significantly correlated to urinary 1-OHP levels in coke oven workers.
Topical ophthalmic NSAIDs: a discussion with focus on nepafenac ophthalmic suspension (2008)

The removal of diclofenac sodium ophthalmic solution as a viable pharmaceutical entity in September 1999 from the US market spurred considerable interest in the general safety and effectiveness of topical ophthalmic NSAIDs for treatment of anterior segment inflammation. In late 1999 the use of topical ocular NSAIDs declined in the US as a result of incidents involving corneal melts and toxicity surrounding use of generic diclofenac. However, since the removal of diclofenac sodium ophthalmic solution from the marketplace, ophthalmic NSAIDs have regained use as viable pharmacotherapeutic entities. Moreover, several new ophthalmic NSAID products have recently been introduced for commercial use in the US including the novel chemical entity nepafenac. The purpose of this report is to revisit the use of topical ophthalmic NSAIDs for the treatment of surgically induced anterior segment inflammation with a particular focus on nepafenac. Nepafenac is unique among ophthalmic NSAIDs in that it is a prodrug deaminated to amfenac, a highly effective non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor. In the case of topical ophthalmic NSAIDs, practitioners should carefully weigh the cost-benefit of implementing "highly potent" new drug products because perturbations in pharmacodynamic response due to the inherent novelty in terms of chemical designs may outweigh the demonstrated replicative pharmacologic action of all topical ophthalmic NSAIDs.
Direct Observation of Surface Reconstruction and Termination on a Complex Metal Oxide Catalyst by Electron Microscopy (2012)

On the surface: The surface reconstruction of an MoVTeO complex metal oxide catalyst was observed directly by various electron microscopic techniques and the results explain the puzzling catalytic behavior. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Functional expression of human mdr1 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1992)

Development of multiple drug resistance in tumor cells involves amplification of the mdr1 gene product, a 170-kDa plasma membrane glycoprotein that is an ATP-driven pump that extrudes the drugs. Human mdr1 (also designated as PGY1) cDNA was expressed in yeast cells by using the promoter and translational initiation signal of a related yeast gene, STE6. Immunoblotting of subcellular fractions showed that all of the Mdr1 (also known as P glycoprotein) was associated with the particulate material. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the majority of the Mdr1 was localized to the plasma membrane (although a significant amount was also found in the endoplasmic reticulum). In contrast to mammalian cells, Mdr1 was not glycosylated in yeast. Nevertheless, some, if not all, of the Mdr1 made in yeast was properly folded and functional because it could be photoaffinity labeled specifically with 8-azido-ATP and because cells overexpressing Mdr1 displayed increased resistance towards valinomycin, an ionophore known to interact with Mdr1 in animal cells. Hence, a human polytopic membrane protein was correctly inserted into the yeast plasma membrane, and glycosylation was not required for its function.
Differential Roles of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria and Clostridia in Development of the Intestinal Immune System (1999)

The presence of microflora in the digestive tract promotes the development of the intestinal immune system. In this study, to evaluate the roles of two types of indigenous microbe, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and clostridia, whose habitats are the small and large intestines, respectively, in this immunological development, we analyzed three kinds of gnotobiotic mice contaminated with SFB, clostridia, and both SFB and clostridia, respectively, in comparison with germfree (GF) or conventionalized (Cvd) mice associated with specific-pathogen-free flora. In the small intestine, the number of alpha beta T-cell receptor-bearing intraepithelial lymphocytes (alpha betaIEL) increased in SFB-associated mice (SFB-mice) but not in clostridium-associated mice (Clost-mice). There was no great difference in Vbeta usage among GF mice, Cvd mice, and these gnotobiotic mice, although the association with SFB decreased the proportion of Vbeta6(+) cells in CD8beta- subsets to some extent, compared to that in GF mice. The expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on the epithelial cells was observed in SFB-mice but not in Clost-mice. On the other hand, in the large intestine, the ratio of the number of CD4(-) CD8(+) cells to that of CD4(+) CD8(-) cells in alpha betaIEL increased in Clost-mice but not in SFB-mice. On association with both SFB and clostridia, the numbers and phenotypes of IEL in the small and large intestines changed to become similar to those in Cvd mice. In particular, the ratio of the number of CD8alpha beta+ cells to that of CD8alpha alpha+ cells in alpha betaIEL, unusually elevated in the small intestines of SFB-mice, decreased to the level in Cvd mice on contamination with both SFB and clostridia. The number of immunoglobulin A (IgA)-producing cells in the lamina propria was more elevated in SFB-mice than in Clost-mice, not only in the ileum but also in the colon. The number of IgA-producing cells in the colons of Clost-mice was a little increased compared to that in GF mice. Taken together, SFB and clostridia promoted the development of both IEL and IgA-producing cells in the small intestine and that of only IEL in the large intestine, respectively, suggesting the occurrence of compartmentalization of the immunological responses to the indigenous bacteria between the small and large intestines.
Antibody Expression in Mammalian Cells (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Vectors for Immunoglobulin Expression Antibody Production by Transient Expression Purification of Transiently Expressed Antibodies Analytical and Biophysical Characterization of Purified Antibodies References
Occurence of stromal myofibroblasts in the invasive ductal breast cancer tissue is an unfavourable prognostic factor. (2007)

The present study for the first time documents the unfavourable prognostic significance of myofibroblasts in tissues of invasive ductal mammary carcinomas.
Gene expression profiling in response to estradiol and genistein in ovarian cancer cells. (2009)

Variable response of ovarian cancer cells to E2 and Gen was observed. Study of ERs including splice variants, co-regulatory molecules are necessary to understand the relevance of receptors.
Vancomycin‐Resistant Enterococci (1998)

Enterococci, a part of normal gut flora, are not particularly pathogenic organisms in humans. For example, they do not cause respiratory tract infections. The most frequent enterococcal infections are urinary tract infections. Despite their lack of pathogenicity, enterococci have emerged as significant nosocomial pathogens in the United States and elsewhere. Enterococci are formidable pathogens because of their resistance to antimicrobial agents. Enterococci are intrinsically resistant to beta-lactam agents and aminoglycosides and were the first bacteria to acquire vancomycin resistance. Infection control measures have been far from effective at preventing the dissemination of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the hospital. Therapy for infections due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci presents real challenges. Most isolates remain susceptible to nitrofurantoin, but this agent is useful only for urinary tract infections. The greatest threat posed by vancomycin-resistant enterococci is the potential to transfer their resistance genes to more pathogenic gram-positive bacteria, which could produce truly frightening pathogens.
BRAF Silencing by Short Hairpin RNA or Chemical Blockade by PLX4032 Leads to Different Responses in Melanoma and Thyroid Carcinoma Cells (2008)

BRAF-activating mutations have been reported in several types of cancer, including melanoma ( approximately 70% of cases), thyroid (30-70%), ovarian (15-30%), and colorectal cancer (5-20%). Mutant BRAF has constitutive kinase activity and causes hyperactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. BRAF silencing induces regression of melanoma xenografts, indicating the essential role of BRAF for cell survival. We set up an inducible short hairpin RNA system to compare the role of oncogenic BRAF in thyroid carcinoma versus melanoma cells. Although BRAF knockdown led to apoptosis in the melanoma cell line A375, the anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell ARO underwent growth arrest upon silencing, with little or no cell death. Reexpression of the thyroid differentiation marker, sodium iodide symporter, was induced after long-term silencing. The different outcome of BRAF down-regulation in the two cell lines was associated with an opposite regulation of p21(CIP1/WAF1) expression levels in response to the block of the BRAF mitogenic signal. These results were confirmed using a specific BRAF small-molecule inhibitor, PLX4032. Restoration of p21(CIP1/WAF1) expression rescued melanoma cells from death. Altogether, our data indicate that oncogenic BRAF inhibition can have a different effect on cell fate depending on the cellular type. Furthermore, we suggest that a BRAF-independent mechanism of cell survival exists in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells.
Smad transcription factors (2005)

Smad transcription factors lie at the core of one of the most versatile cytokine signaling pathways in metazoan biology-the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) pathway. Recent progress has shed light into the processes of Smad activation and deactivation, nucleocytoplasmic dynamics, and assembly of transcriptional complexes. A rich repertoire of regulatory devices exerts control over each step of the Smad pathway. This knowledge is enabling work on more complex questions about the organization, integration, and modulation of Smad-dependent transcriptional programs. We are beginning to uncover self-enabled gene response cascades, graded Smad response mechanisms, and Smad-dependent synexpression groups. Our growing understanding of TGFbeta signaling through the Smad pathway provides general principles for how animal cells translate complex inputs into concrete behavior.
UNSATURATED FOUR-MEMBERED RING COMPOUNDS. II. 1,2-DIPHENYLBENZOCYCLOBUTENE, A COMPOUND HAVING UNUSUAL REACTIVITY (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUNSATURATED FOUR-MEMBERED RING COMPOUNDS. II. 1,2-DIPHENYLBENZOCYCLOBUTENE, A COMPOUND HAVING UNUSUAL REACTIVITYFrederick R. Jensen and William E. ColemanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 22, 6149Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01555a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01555a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views318Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intravitreal Injections - High Standard of the Procedure Necessary (2005)

Intravitreale (IVT) Injektionen werden in der Augenheilkunde bereits seit mehr als 100 Jahren durchgeführt, zunächst mit Glaskörper, Kammerwasser, Kochsalzlösung oder sogar Jodtinktur. Wenig später wurde erstmals auch Luft injiziert, wodurch die zuvor unbefriedigende Therapie der Netzhautablösung revolutioniert wurde. Bis heute findet die IVT Injektion von Luft oder inerten expansiblen Gasen zur pneumatischen Retinopexie bei rhegmatogener Ablatio Anwendung. Die Injektion von Gas, meist kombiniert mit „rekombinantem Tissue-Plasminogen-Activator” (rTPA), hat sich auch zur Verlagerung frischer submakulärer Blutungen als wirkungsvoll erwiesen. IVT appliziertes Healon findet bei der Behandlung der chronischen Hypotonie Anwendung.
High-efficiency recovery of immature haematopoietic progenitor cells with extensive proliferative capacity from human cord blood cryopreserved for 10 years. (1997)

Cord blood is enriched with haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells which have high levels of proliferative, replating and expansion capacity in vitro. Cryopreserved cord blood stored for up to a few years has been used as a source of transplantable cells for related and unrelated allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Information on retrieval of immature and mature subsets of viable haematopoietic progenitor cells from long-term cryopreserved cord blood is not yet available. We therefore assessed the recovery of cord blood cells stored frozen in liquid nitrogen for up to 10 years. Calculations of efficiency of recovery were possible because the exact same culture conditions were used for pre-freeze and post-thaw cells with the serum and growth factors presently used being of similar potency to those used for the studies 10 years ago. High efficiency recovery of immature and mature progenitors was found even though a relatively unsophisticated freezing procedure had been used. Recovery of nucleated cells averaged 88% and that of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), erythroid (BFU-E) and multipotential (CFU-GEMM) progenitors averaged from 74 to 91% for different populations, with some samples in each category being recovered at 100%. Recovery of immature progenitors responsive to stimulation in vitro with a colony stimulating factor plus the potent co-stimulating cytokine, steel factor, was also demonstrated, although the per cent recovery of such cells could not be calculated directly as steel factor was not available 9-10 years ago when the cells were originally frozen. While the cell populations assayed are not considered to represent long-term narrow repopulating cells, the data presented demonstrate that cells with very high proliferative capacity can be stored long term in cryopreserved form.
Alpha 1,6-Linked Fucose Affects the Expression and Stability of Polysialic Acid-Carrying Glycoproteins in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (1998)

To determine the effect of alpha1,6-linked fucose modification of N-glycans on the expression of polysialic acids (PSAs), the expression of PSAs in a fucose-lacking mutant of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, Lec13, was compared with that in CHO K1 cells. PSA synthase activity in these cells and the antennary structures of N-glycans associated with the neural adhesion molecule (NCAM), which is a major PSA-carrying glycoprotein, did not differ between the two types of cells. Metabolic labeling of cells with [3H]glucosamine for 48 h followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-PSA monoclonal antibodies revealed that the amount of labeled PSA-carrying glycoproteins obtained from Lec13 cells was 10-times less than that from K1 cells, although the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into total extracts and NCAM was almost the same. In contrast, when cells were pulse labeled with [35S]methionine followed by a 1 h chase, there was not such a great difference in PSA-carrying protein synthesis between K1 and Lec13 cells. However, during a prolonged chase period, PSA-carrying proteins rapidly decreased in Lec13 cells, whereas those in K1 cells did not change. The degradation of PSA-carrying glycoproteins in Lec13 cells was partly prevented when the cells were grown in fucose-containing medium. Therefore, fucose modification of core N-glycans may affect the efficient expression of PSAs through the intracellular stability of PSA-carrying glycoproteins.
Approaches to the management of rheumatoid arthritis: rationale for early combination therapy. (1993)

In evaluating current therapy of RA, it is becoming recognized that sequential single drug treatment, as exemplified by the traditional therapeutic pyramid, is often too little and too late in patients with aggressive 'at risk' synovitis. Evidence exists that prevention of joint damage correlates best with control of clinical and laboratory measures of inflammation, regardless of the medication used. Until a major breakthrough occurs in this disease, it is recommended that patients with 'at risk' RA be treated aggressively to achieve early control of inflammation, and then 'bridge down' to a simplified maintenance programme. While currently available fast and slow acting drugs might be used in combination today for early induction therapy, newer drugs, cancer chemotherapeutic preparations, biologic agents, or novel therapies may prove more effective and superior tomorrow. Control trials will be necessary to establish the most effective and least toxic induction and maintenance programmes.
Metabolic network analysis. A powerful tool in metabolic engineering. (2000)

Metabolic network analysis is a tool for investigating the features that identify the topology of a metabolic network and the relative activities of its individual branches. The pillars of metabolic network analysis are mathematical modeling, allowing for a quantitative analysis, biochemical knowledge of, for example, reaction stoichiometry, and the experimental techniques, providing input for the modeling part. The modeling part includes metabolite balancing, usually the basis for metabolic flux analysis, and isotope balancing. Isotope balancing can be used for both identification of active pathways and for estimation of the relative fluxes through two pathways leading to the same metabolite, aspects that are difficult to investigate using metabolite balancing. The combination of metabolite and isotope balancing is very powerful and constitutes the basis of metabolic network analysis. With the main focus being on investigating the metabolic network structure, this review describes how central metabolic features, for example, pathway identification, flux distribution, and compartmentation, can be addressed using a combination of metabolite balancing and labeling experiments.
Introduction to quantum Monte Carlo simulations for fermionic systems (2003)

We tutorially review the determinantal Quantum Monte Carlo method for fermionic systems, using the Hubbard model as a case study. Starting with the basic ingredients of Monte Carlo simulations for classical systems, we introduce aspects such as importance sampling, sources of errors, and finite-size scaling analyses. We then set up the preliminary steps to prepare for the simulations, showing that they are actually carried out by sampling discrete Hubbard-Stratonovich auxiliary fields. In this process the Green's function emerges as a fundamental tool, since it is used in the updating process, and, at the same time, it is directly related to the quantities probing magnetic, charge, metallic, and superconducting behaviours. We also discuss the as yet unresolved 'minus-sign problem', and two ways to stabilize the algorithm at low temperatures.
Inhibition of homologue of Slimb (HOS) function sensitizes human melanoma cells for apoptosis. (1999)

Homologue of Slimb (HOS)/beta-transducin repeats containing proteins up-regulate nuclear factor kappaB activity by targeting its inhibitor (IkappaB) for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. We investigated whether inhibition of HOS function may modulate apoptosis in human melanoma cells. Forced expression of the dominant negative HOSdeltaF construct inhibited IkappaB degradation and led to sensitization of melanoma cells to apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha with cycloheximide, as well as by cisplatin and ionizing and UV irradiation. These data indicate that HOS plays an important role in controlling the IkappaB-dependent apoptotic pathways in human melanoma.
Contact Electron-Spin Coupling of Nuclear Magnetic Moments (1959)

The valence-bond theory for the contact electron-spin coupling of nuclear magnetic moments is used to calculate the proton-proton, proton-fluorine, and fluorine-fluorine coupling constants in ethanic and ethylenic molecules. A considerable simplification is introduced into the theory by approximations which reduce the problem to one involving only a small number of electrons and canonical structures. The agreement between calculated and experimental values is such as to demonstrate that the mechanism considered is the one of primary importance for the nuclear coupling in the compounds studied. Of particular interest is the theoretical confirmation of the observation that in ethylenic compounds the trans coupling between nuclei (HH, HF, FF) is considerably larger than cis coupling.
Generation of 20 mW of blue laser radiation from a diode-pumped sum-frequency laser (1993)

Resonant intracavity sum-frequency mixing of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser and a 100 mW single stripe laser diode, has been used to generate a measured output power of 20 mW of blue laser radiation at 459 nm. This represents a total conversion efficiency of approximately 68% of the single stripe laser diode power incident on the cavity. The laser was also demonstrated to operate over a tuning range of 12 nm via angle tuning of the nonlinear crystal.
GLOP Addressing in 233/8 (2000)

This describes an experimental policy for use of the class D address space using 233/8 as the experimental statically assigned subset of the class D address space. This new experimental allocation is in addition to those described on [IANA] (e.g. [RFC2365]).