gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of cancer micrometastases in lymph nodes by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. (1995)

There are few DNA-based studies that detect cancer micrometastases in lymph nodes. We have assayed for the specific detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-expressing carcinoma cells in the lymph nodes of patients with gastrointestinal or breast carcinomas. A CEA-specific nested reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR assay was optimized using limiting dilutions of a CEA-positive cancer cell line mixed with normal lymphocytes. The expression of CEA mRNA was studied in 100 carcinoma tissues, 75 normal mucosal tissues, and 15 lymph nodes from patients with cholelithiasis. Each of 117 lymph nodes from 13 patients with carcinoma was divided into two pieces: one was used for histological examination and the other for RT-PCR, and the results were compared. The sensitivity ratio was one CEA-expressing cancer cell detected in 1 x 10(5) normal lymphocytes. All carcinoma tissues and normal mucosal tissues expressed CEA mRNA, while no amplification was detected in any control lymph nodes. Thirty of 117 lymph nodes were histologically involved by carcinoma cells, and all of these yielded the expected product by RT-PCR. Of the remaining 87 histologically negative nodes, CEA mRNA was detected in 47 lymph nodes by RT-PCR. The positive rate increased from 26% by histological examination to 66% by RT-PCR. The assay by CEA-specific nested RT-PCR is not only sensitive but widely applicable for the detection of cancer micrometastases in lymph nodes. This method may lead to an earlier diagnosis and treatment of patients with subclinical lymph node metastasis.
A Burst Scheduling Access Reordering Mechanism (2007)

Utilizing the nonuniform latencies of SDRAM devices, access reordering mechanisms alter the sequence of main memory access streams to reduce the observed access latency. Using a revised M5 simulator with an accurate SDRAM module, the burst scheduling access reordering mechanism is proposed and compared to conventional in order memory scheduling as well as existing academic and industrial access reordering mechanisms. With burst scheduling, memory accesses to the same rows of the same banks are clustered into bursts to maximize bus utilization of the SDRAM device. Subject to a static threshold, memory reads are allowed to preempt ongoing writes for reduced read latency, while qualified writes are piggybacked at the end of bursts to exploit row locality in writes and prevent write queue saturation. Performance improvements contributed by read preemption and write piggybacking are identified. Simulation results show that burst scheduling reduces the average execution time of selected SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks by 21% over conventional bank in order memory scheduling. Burst scheduling also outperforms Intel's patented out of order memory scheduling and the row hit access reordering mechanism by 11% and 6% respectively
Capillary electrophoresis (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCapillary electrophoresisWerner G. KuhrWerner G. KuhrMore by Werner G. KuhrCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 12, 403–414Publication Date (Print):June 15, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00211a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00211a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Costimulatory pathways in transplantation (2011)

Secondary, so-called costimulatory, signals are critically required for the process of T cell activation. Since landmark studies defined that T cells receiving a T cell receptor signal without a costimulatory signal, are tolerized in vitro, the investigation of T cell costimulation has attracted intense interest. Early studies demonstrated that interrupting T cell costimulation allows attenuation of the alloresponse, which is particularly difficult to modulate due to the clone size of alloreactive T cells. The understanding of costimulation has since evolved substantially and now encompasses not only positive signals involved in T cell activation but also negative signals inhibiting T cell activation and promoting T cell tolerance. Costimulation blockade has been used effectively for the induction of tolerance in rodent models of transplantation, but turned out to be less potent in large animals and humans. In this overview we will discuss the evolution of the concept of T cell costimulation, the potential of 'classical' and newly identified costimulation pathways as therapeutic targets for organ transplantation as well as progress towards clinical application of the first costimulation blocking compound.
Impact of Protein Kinase PKR in Cell Biology: from Antiviral to Antiproliferative Action (2006)

The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR is a critical mediator of the antiproliferative and antiviral effects exerted by interferons. Not only is PKR an effector molecule on the cellular response to double-stranded RNA, but it also integrates signals in response to Toll-like receptor activation, growth factors, and diverse cellular stresses. In this review, we provide a detailed picture on how signaling downstream of PKR unfolds and what are the ultimate consequences for the cell fate. PKR activation affects both transcription and translation. PKR phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 results in a blockade on translation initiation. However, PKR cannot avoid the translation of some cellular and viral mRNAs bearing special features in their 5' untranslated regions. In addition, PKR affects diverse transcriptional factors such as interferon regulatory factor 1, STATs, p53, activating transcription factor 3, and NF-kappaB. In particular, how PKR triggers a cascade of events involving IKK phosphorylation of IkappaB and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation has been intensively studied. At the cellular and organism levels PKR exerts antiproliferative effects, and it is a key antiviral agent. A point of convergence in both effects is that PKR activation results in apoptosis induction. The extent and strength of the antiviral action of PKR are clearly understood by the findings that unrelated viral proteins of animal viruses have evolved to inhibit PKR action by using diverse strategies. The case for the pathological consequences of the antiproliferative action of PKR is less understood, but therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting PKR are beginning to offer promising results.
Synthesis and antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of 5-aroyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acids. The 6-substituted compounds. (1987)

5-Aroyl-6-substituted-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrole-1-carbo xylic acids were synthesized and assayed for analgesic and antiinflammatory activity. Several of these compounds, notably the 5-(4-fluoro- and 4-chlorobenzoyl)-6-methyl derivatives 25 and 26 and the 5-(4-methyl-, 4-fluoro-, 4-chloro-, and 4-methoxybenzoyl)-6-chloro congeners 31-34 were of equal or greater potency than indomethacin as antiinflammatory and analgesic agents both in acute and chronic animal models.
Long-Lasting, Single-Dose Immunocontraception of Feral Fallow Deer in British Columbia (2002)

Mark A. Fraker, Robert G. Brown, Geoffrey E. Gaunt, Jason A. Kerr, Bill Pohajdak, Long-Lasting, Single-Dose Immunocontraception of Feral Fallow Deer in British Columbia, The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 66, No. 4 (Oct., 2002), pp. 1141-1147
Mitigation of control and data traffic attacks in wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks (2006)

Recently we have seen increasing adoption of wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks (WAHAS) for security critical applications in military and civilian domains, such as battlefield surveillance and emergency rescue and relief. However, they are often exposed to a wide-range of control and data traffic attacks. Control attacks are directed to control traffic in the network, such as routing and localization. Examples are wormhole, Sybil, and rushing attacks. Control attacks are often easy to launch even without the need for any cryptographic key and can be used to subvert the functionality of the network by disrupting data flow. Data traffic attacks include selective forwarding and misrouting attacks. We have pursued two lines of defense to secure WAHAS networks. The first is attack prevention using low-cost key management for encryption and authentication. Our protocol SECOS provides the guarantee that communication between any two nodes remains secure despite compromise of any number of other nodes. The second line of defense is control and data traffic attack detection, diagnosis, and isolation through local monitoring and response. Each node oversees the traffic in its one-hop neighborhood and maintains state for the behavior of each neighbor. We develop a suite of three protocols for respectively static networks, mobile networks, and energy efficient sleep-awake aware local monitoring. To demonstrate the protocols, we perform analysis and simulations in ns-2. The metrics for evaluation include fraction of data received at the destination, coverage and delay of isolation, likelihood of false positives, and overhead in terms of resource consumption.
Identification of a New Class of Exonic Splicing Enhancers by In Vivo Selection (1997)

In vitro selection strategies have typically been used to identify a preferred ligand, usually an RNA, for an identified protein. Ideally, one would like to know RNA consensus sequences preferred in vivo for as-yet-unidentified factors. The ability to select RNA-processing signals would be particularly beneficial in the analysis of exon enhancer sequences that function in exon recognition during pre-mRNA splicing. Exon enhancers represent a class of potentially ubiquitous RNA-processing signals whose actual prevalence is unknown. To establish an approach for in vivo selection, we developed an iterative scheme to select for exon sequences that enhance exon inclusion. This approach is modeled on the in vitro SELEX procedure and uses transient transfection in an iterative procedure to enrich RNA-processing signals in cultured vertebrate cells. Two predominant sequence motifs were enriched after three rounds of selection: a purine-rich motif that resembles previously identified splicing enhancers and a class of A/C-rich splicing enhancers (ACEs). Individual selected ACEs enhanced splicing in vivo and in vitro. ACE splicing activity was competed by RNAs containing the purine-rich splicing enhancer from cardiac troponin T exon 5. Thus, ACE activity is likely to require a subset of the SR splicing factors previously shown to mediate activity of this purine-rich enhancer. ACE motifs are found in two vertebrate exons previously demonstrated to contain splicing enhancer activity as well as in the well-characterized Drosophila doublesex (dsx) splicing enhancer. We demonstrate that one copy of the dsx repeat enhances splicing of a vertebrate exon in vertebrate cells and that this enhancer activity requires the ACE motif. We suggest the possibility that the dsx enhancer is a member of a previously unrecognized family of ACEs.
Central Corneal Thickness (2007)

Z-CS4 seems an accurate, noninvasive and reproducible technique for CCT evaluation and confirms that central cornea is thinner when measured with confocal microscopy compared to ultrasounds.
Complete Mapping of Divergent Amino Acids Responsible for Differential Ligand Binding of Folate Receptors α and β (1999)

The folate receptor (FR) type alpha may be distinguished from FR-beta by its higher affinity for the circulating folate coenzyme, (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3H4folate), and its opposite stereospecificity for reduced folate coenzymes. Previous studies showed that a single leucine to alanine substitution at position 49 of the mature protein sequence is responsible for the functional divergence of FR-beta (Shen, F., Zheng, X., Wang, H., and Ratnam, M. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 6157-6163); however, the results also indicated that the minimum requirement for conversion of FR-beta to the functional equivalent of FR-alpha should include amino acid substitution(s) downstream of residue 92 in addition to mutation of L49A. To pinpoint those residues, chimeric FR-betaL49A/FR-alpha constructs including progressively shorter segments of FR-alpha downstream of position 92 as well as selected point mutants were studied. Simultaneous substitution of Leu-49, Phe-104, and Gly-166 in FR-beta with the corresponding FR-alpha residues Ala, Val, and Glu, respectively, reconstituted the ligand binding characteristics of FR-alpha. The results also exclude a role for other residues in FR-alpha in determining its functional divergence. A homology model of FR-alpha based on the three-dimensional structure of the chicken riboflavin-binding protein is used to show the position of residues 49, 104, and 166 in relation to the hydrophobic cleft corresponding to the riboflavin-binding pocket.
Finite element modeling of an optical fiber photoacoustic generator performance (2011)

A 2D-axisymmetric finite element analysis (FEA) model was built to simulate an optical fiber-based photoacoustic generator. A layer of absorbing film deposited on the tip of an optical fiber converts the pulsed-laser energy into vibrations, which excite broadband ultrasound waves in the adjacent fluid. Instead of 1D or simplified 2D theoretical solution, this multi-physics FEA model successfully calculates the ultrasound generated by film vibration and fluid heating. Another advantage of this numerical calculation is that the dimensions of fiber and film can be optimized to achieve high photoacoustic conversion efficiency. Two major conclusions were obtained from the simulation: 1) Thicker absorbing film has higher photoacoustic conversion efficiency than thinner film; 2) Shorter laser pulse leads to higher conversion efficiency and higher ultrasound central-frequency. The FEA results provide a practical support to the design of this type of optical fiber photoacoustic generator, and make it possible to have a miniaturized non-destructive testing transducer in the intravascular and intraluminal applications.
Outcome of Fulvestrant in Pretreated Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients in a Medical Center in Taiwan (2011)

Background: Fulvestrant is a selective estrogen receptor antagonist, indicated for treating hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women with disease progression following antiestrogen therapy. This is the first observational study in Taiwan to assess the efficacy and tolerability of fulvestrant in Taiwanese women.Methods: A total of 15 postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer, who were treated with endocrine and cytotoxic agents and still had progression of disease, were begun on fulvestrant (250 mg intramuscular injection monthly) from 2005 to 2009 in a medical center in Taiwan. We present the observations while treating these patients.Results: All patients had been previously treated with aromatase inhibitors (AI), while 12 of them also received chemotherapy before fulvestrant. Nine patients (60%) achieved stable disease after an average of 25.4 doses of fulvestrant, and the stable disease lasted for an average of 2.7 years (range, 2 to 5 years). Six patients (40%) experienced progression of disease after an average of 10.8 doses of fulvestrant, and 5 of them (33.3%) died. No patient discontinued fulvestrant treatment due to adverse events, and only minor reactions were reported.Conclusions: Fulvestrant was effective and well-tolerated in treating patients with metastatic breast cancer who had progression on endocrine therapy and/or chemotherapy. It offers another treatment option for patients with terminal disease, and may help them maintain a better quality of life.
Multimirror Fabry–Perot interferometers (1985)

The addition of one or more partially reflecting mirrors to a traditional two-mirror Fabry–Perot interferometer results in a multimirror Fabry–Perot interferometer. A superposition of all possible multiple reflected beams is described with a general theory for multimirror interferometers, featuring matrices analogous to the theory of multilayer thin films. However, the parameters in the matrix elements are mirror reflection coefficients and spacings instead of the usual refractive indices and layer thicknesses of thin films. The transmission characteristics of two-, three-, and four-mirror Fabry–Perot optical filters are described. It is shown that a suitable choice of reflection coefficients results in transmission properties that can be described approximately with Butterworth profiles, which are known from network analysis of electrical circuits.
Amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis by thrombin inhibition (2001)

The deleterious role of fibrin deposition in arthritic joints prompted us to explore the effect of the thrombin inhibition on the course of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in the mouse. CIA was induced in male DBA/1J mice using native chicken type II collagen. The thrombin inhibitor polyethyleneglycol-hirudin (PEG-hirudin) was given for 16 days, starting 20 days after the first immunization (preventive treatment) or at the onset of clinical signs of arthritis (curative treatment). All the mice treated with PEG-hirudin had a significantly prolonged clotting time compared with control mice. PEG-hirudin, administered in a preventive way, led to significantly reduced incidence and severity of CIA during most of the treatment period, as assessed by clinical scoring. Accordingly, histological features showed a significant diminution of synovial hyperplasia in PEG-hirudin-treated mice compared with untreated mice. There was also a significant downmodulation of the synovial proinflammatory IL-1beta and IL-12p35 cytokine mRNAs in treated mice. Intra-articular fibrin, evaluated by immunohistochemistry, was significantly reduced in treated mice compared with control mice and correlated with both clinical and histological scorings. Most importantly, once arthritis was established, PEG-hirudin also showed a curative effect. In conclusion, PEG-hirudin can both prevent the onset of CIA in a dose-dependent manner and ameliorate established arthritis, suggesting that thrombin inhibition may offer a new therapeutic approach in arthritis.
Electron Discharge Model of Locally-Trapped Charge in Oxide-Nitride-Oxide (ONO) Gates for NROM TM Non-Volatile Semiconductor Memory Devices (2001)

2001 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Electron Discharge Model of Locally-Trapped Charge in Oxide-Nitride-Oxide (ONO) Gates for NROM TM Non-Volatile Semiconductor Memory Devices
Application of Blocking Oligonucleotides to Improve Signal-to-Noise Ratio in a PCR (2010)

"Universal" or group-specific PCR primers have a tendency to predominately hybridise with the common sequences in samples with mixed templates. The result is that the rarer sequences are seldom retrieved by cloning or sequencing. The use of a blocking oligonucleotide (oligo) designed to specifically prevent amplification of dominant or unwanted DNA templates is an easy way to improve the amplification of rarer sequences. Here, we describe the different types of blocking principles and the different types of blocking oligos and give guidelines and examples of their application.
ChemInform Abstract: Cluster Mannosides as Inhibitors of Type 1 Fimbriae‐Mediated Adhesion of Escherichia coli: Pentaerythritol Derivatives as Scaffolds. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Metal ion dependent luminescence effects in metal tris-quinolate organic heterojunction light emitting devices (1994)

We present a systematic analysis of the relationship between the photoluminescence (PL), light emitting device electroluminescence (EL), and conducting properties of a series of metalquinolates, Mq3, where M is a metal (Al, Ga, In, or Sc), and q3 is tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline). We compare the solution and thin film PL quantum yields and spectra of each quinolate with the EL quantum efficiencies of organic heterojunction light emitting diodes using the compound as the emitter layer. Our results indicate that, contrary to previous reports, the relative PL yield is not a good indicator of the EL quantum efficiency of a particular material. Specifically, we find that while the PL of Alq3 films is four times that of Gaq3, light emitting devices made from these two materials have comparable electroluminescence quantum efficiencies and long-term stabilities. Furthermore, the Gaq3 devices have an approximately 50% higher power efficiency than Alq3 structures, suggesting that Gaq3 is a superior emitter material for display applications.
Epidermal barrier defects link atopic dermatitis with altered skin cancer susceptibility (2014)

Atopic dermatitis can result from loss of structural proteins in the outermost epidermal layers, leading to a defective epidermal barrier. To test whether this influences tumour formation, we chemically induced tumours in EPI-/- mice, which lack three barrier proteins-Envoplakin, Periplakin, and Involucrin. EPI-/- mice were highly resistant to developing benign tumours when treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The DMBA response was normal, but EPI-/- skin exhibited an exaggerated atopic response to TPA, characterised by abnormal epidermal differentiation, a complex immune infiltrate and elevated serum thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). The exacerbated TPA response could be normalised by blocking TSLP or the immunoreceptor NKG2D but not CD4+ T cells. We conclude that atopy is protective against skin cancer in our experimental model and that the mechanism involves keratinocytes communicating with cells of the immune system via signalling elements that normally protect against environmental assaults.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01888.001.
Inorganic Biochemistry of Iron Metabolism (2001)

Solution chemistry of iron in biological media the importance of iron for biological systems microbial iron uptake and intracellular release iron assimilation in plants and fungi iron absorption in mammals with special reference to man chemistry and biology of the transferrins the transferrin receptor, the transferrin to cell cycle and intracellular iron release intracellular iron storage - ferritin, haemosiderin and the low molecular weight from pool iron homeostasis and cellular iron release iron deficiency and iron overload in man iron and oxidative damage iron and infection concluding remarks.
Genetic Modifier of the Gut Microbiome, GvHD and Bacterial Translocation Following HSCT (2015)

longterm toxicity associated with radiation.
LOXL2 Status Correlates with Tumor Stage and Regulates Integrin Levels to Promote Tumor Progression in ccRCC (2014)

This is the first report demonstrating that LOXL2 is highly expressed and involved in ccRCC progression by regulating the levels of integrins α5 and β1.