gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BIOCHEMICAL DEFINITION OF DLA‐A AND DLA‐B GENE PRODUCTS BY ONE‐DIMENSIONAL ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING AND IMMUNOBLOTTING (1995)

The serologically defined canine MHC gene products (DLA-A and DLA-B) were investigated by one-dimensional isoelectric focusing after detergent phase separation, and immunoblotting (1D-IEF). The animals studied (n = 36) represented three different breeds. Since DLA-A and DLA-B antigens are MHC class I and class II molecules, respectively, cross-reactive polyclonal antibodies specific for human class I or class II molecules were utilized to visualize the protein pattern. The relative positions of the bands were correlated with the DLA-A and DLA-B antigens. In most cases DLA antigens of identical serological type did not differ in their 1D-IEF pattern except for DLA-A9 and the serologically undefined DLA-B gene product DLA-B 'blank'. For DLA-A9, two subtypes (A9.1 and A9.2) were identified in Beagle and associations of A9.1 with the haplotype A9,B4 and of A9.2 with A9,B6 were seen. In contrast, the haplotype A9,B6 in Labradors was associated with A9.1. Whereas all six serologically defined DLA-A antigens possessed distinct isoelectric points (IEP), not all DLA-B antigens could be differentiated by 1D-IEF:B5 as well as B13 coband with one B 'blank' specificity (BE1). Furthermore, a second B 'blank' (BE2) could be identified by 1D-IEF, underlining the advantage of this technique in the immunogenetic analysis of DLA gene products in dogs.
Molecular Semiconductors in Organic Photovoltaic Cells (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMolecular Semiconductors in Organic Photovoltaic CellsAlexander W. Hains, Ziqi Liang, Michael A. Woodhouse, and Brian A. Gregg*View Author Information National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 11, 6689–6735Publication Date (Web):February 25, 2010Publication History Received4 September 2009Published online25 February 2010Published inissue 10 November 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9002984https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9002984review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23302Altmetric-Citations827LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrical conductivity,Electrodes,Interfaces,Layers,Solar cells Get e-Alerts
Iliad and Medical HouseCall: evaluating the impact of common sense knowledge on the diagnostic accuracy of a medical expert system. (1995)

Diagnostic expert systems are gaining acceptance among physicians. Recently, a comparative study of the performance of four major commercial diagnostic programs demonstrated that the information they produce contains a certain amount of irrelevancy that the trained physician ignores. Medical HouseCall is a consumer health information expert system based on a medical expert system for physicians, Iliad. To enhance the usefulness of Medical HouseCall to health care consumers, we are interested in significantly reducing the amount of irrelevancy contained in the diagnostic differential list. Testing with over 470 'textbook' cases revealed that a large part of the irrelevancy can be eliminated by adding universal and medical 'common sense' knowledge. Using four performance measures, we compared, on a subset of cases, the differential lists from two versions of the program: the refined knowledge base (1995) and an older version (1994) 'pre-common sense'. The results suggest that the performance of a diagnostic expert system can be significantly improved with the addition of common sense knowledge.
Amyloid beta peptide potentiates cytokine secretion by interleukin-1 beta-activated human astrocytoma cells. (1995)

Neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer disease (AD) are thought to be driven in part by the deposition of amyloid beta (A beta), a 39- to 43-amino acid peptide product resulting from an alternative cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. Recent descriptions of in vitro neurotoxic effects of A beta support this hypothesis and suggest toxicity might be mediated by A beta-induced neuronal calcium disregulation. In addition, it has been reported that "aging" A beta results in increased toxic potency due to peptide aggregation and formation of a beta-sheet secondary structure. In addition, A beta might also promote neuropathology indirectly by activating immune/inflammatory pathways in affected areas of the brain (e.g., cortex and hippocampus). Here we report that A beta can modulate cytokine secretion [interleukins 6 and 8 (IL-6 and IL-8)] from human astrocytoma cells (U-373 MG). Freshly prepared and aged A beta modestly stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 secretion from U-373 MG cells. However, in the presence of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), aged, but not fresh, A beta markedly potentiated (3- to 8-fold) cytokine release. In contrast, aged A beta did not potentiate substance P (NK-1)- or histamine (H1)-stimulated cytokine production. Further studies showed that IL-1 beta-induced cytokine release was potentiated by A beta-(25-35), while A beta-(1-16) was inactive. Calcium disregulation may be responsible for the effects of A beta on cytokine production, since the calcium ionophore A23187 similarly potentiated IL-1 beta-induced cytokine secretion and EGTA treatment blocked either A beta or A23187 activity. Thus, chronic neurodegeneration in AD-affected brain regions may be mediated in part by the ability of A beta to exacerbate inflammatory pathways in a conformation-dependent manner.
Increased Citrullination of Histone H3 in Multiple Sclerosis Brain and Animal Models of Demyelination: A Role for Tumor Necrosis Factor-Induced Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 Translocation (2006)

Modification of arginine residues by citrullination is catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), of which five are known, generating irreversible protein structural modifications. We have shown previously that enhanced citrullination of myelin basic protein contributed to destabilization of the myelin membrane in the CNS of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We now report increased citrullination of nucleosomal histones by PAD4 in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of MS patients and in animal models of demyelination. Histone citrullination was attributable to increased levels and activity of nuclear PAD4. PAD4 translocation into the nucleus was attributable to elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) protein. The elevated TNF-alpha in MS NAWM was not associated with CD3+ or CD8+ lymphocytes, nor was it associated with CD68+ microglia/macrophages. GFAP, a measure of astrocytosis, was the only cytological marker that was consistently elevated in the MS NAWM, suggesting that TNF-alpha may have been derived from astrocytes. In cell cultures of mouse and human oligodendroglial cell lines, PAD4 was predominantly cytosolic but TNF-alpha treatment induced its nuclear translocation. To address the involvement of TNF-alpha in targeting PAD4 to the nucleus, we found that transgenic mice overexpressing TNF-alpha also had increased levels of citrullinated histones and elevated nuclear PAD4 before demyelination. In conclusion, high citrullination of histones consequent to PAD4 nuclear translocation is part of the process that leads to irreversible changes in oligodendrocytes and may contribute to apoptosis of oligodendrocytes in MS.
Pictorial transcripts: multimedia processing applied to digital library creation (2002)

This paper describes a working system for the automated archiving and selective retrieval of textual, pictorial and auditory information contained in video programs. Video processing performs the task of representing the visual information using a small subset of the video frames. Linguistic processing refines the closed caption text, generates table of contents, and creates links to relevant multimedia documents. Audio and video information are compressed and indexed based on their temporal association with the selected video frames and processed text. The derived information is used to automatically generate a hypermedia rendition of the program contents. This provides a compact representation of the information contained in the video program. It also serves as a textual and pictorial index for selective retrieval of the full-motion video program. This fully automatic system generates HyperText Markup Language (HTML) renditions of television programs, and makes them available for access over the Internet within seconds of their broadcast. This digital library currently contains over 2200 hours of television programs.
Enhanced in vitro growth suppression of human glioblastoma cultures treated with the combination of recombinant fibroblast and immune interferons. (1988)

In the present study we have evaluated the effect of recombinant human fibroblast, IFN-beta ser, and immune, IFN-gamma, interferon, alone and in combination, on the proliferation of fifteen early passage human glioblastoma cell cultures. Explant cultures were established from glioblastoma tumor tissue obtained at the time of surgery. After sufficient outgrowth, cultures were dispersed with trypsin/versene and maintained as independent cell lines. IFN-beta ser induced a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in the 7 day growth of 6 of the 15 cultures. The majority of cultures, 9 of 15, displayed less than or equal to 50% growth suppression in comparison with control cultures after 7 days exposure to 2000 Units/ml of IFN-beta ser. When treated with 2000 Units/ml of IFN-gamma, only 1 of the 15 glioblastoma cultures exhibited a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in growth. In contrast, when treated with the combination of IFN-beta ser plus IFN-gamma, 1000 Units/ml of each interferon preparation, 12 of 15 cultures were inhibited by greater than or equal to 50% after 7 days growth. The combination of interferons was effective in suppressing glioblastoma growth both in cultures displaying relative sensitivity and those exhibiting innate resistance to either or both types of interferon when employed alone. One glioblastoma culture, G-7, was studied through 45 passages and displayed the same sensitivity at different passages to growth inhibition when exposed to IFN-beta ser, IFN-gamma or both interferons. Based on previous clinical studies indicating that IFN-beta or IFN-gamma when administered alone to patients do not generally alter the clinical progression of malignant gliomas, the present results suggest that the combination of IFN-beta plus IFN-gamma may prove more effective than either agent alone in the clinical treatment of patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
Microfluidics for single-cell genetic analysis (2014)

The ability to correlate single-cell genetic information to cellular phenotypes will provide the kind of detailed insight into human physiology and disease pathways that is not possible to infer from bulk cell analysis. Microfluidic technologies are attractive for single-cell manipulation due to precise handling and low risk of contamination. Additionally, microfluidic single-cell techniques can allow for high-throughput and detailed genetic analyses that increase accuracy and decrease reagent cost compared to bulk techniques. Incorporating these microfluidic platforms into research and clinical laboratory workflows can fill an unmet need in biology, delivering the highly accurate, highly informative data necessary to develop new therapies and monitor patient outcomes. In this perspective, we describe the current and potential future uses of microfluidics at all stages of single-cell genetic analysis, including cell enrichment and capture, single-cell compartmentalization and manipulation, and detection and analyses.
Optical fiber access-perspectives toward the 21st century (1994)

The vision of an all-fiber telecommunications network delivering an ever increasing variety of services to both business and residential customers has been the subject of much speculation for more than a decade. However, although optical fibers are now used routinely for longer haul transmission and for connections to large business customers; fiber to provide the final link to the generality of customers has proved to be a tougher challenge than originally expected. The extent to which fiber will penetrate the network depends not only on technical capabilities and economic performance, but also on regulation, competition, and the types of service that customers will actually want. The interplay between these complex factors is discussed, and potential scenarios are described. An endpoint vision of a future broadband infrastructure is described in order to illustrate the major new service delivery and operational benefits, which can flow from the revolutionary new technologies that can now be unleashed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
VKORC1 Haplotypes Are Associated With Arterial Vascular Diseases (Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, and Aortic Dissection) (2006)

The haplotype of VKORC1 may serve as a novel genetic marker for the risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and aortic dissection.
Data-parallel rasterization of micropolygons with defocus and motion blur (2009)

Current GPUs rasterize micropolygons (polygons approximately one pixel in size) inefficiently. We design and analyze the costs of three alternative data-parallel algorithms for rasterizing micropolygon workloads for the real-time domain. First, we demonstrate that efficient micropolygon rasterization requires parallelism across many polygons, not just within a single polygon. Second, we produce a data-parallel implementation of an existing stochastic rasterization algorithm by Pixar, which is able to produce motion blur and depth-of-field effects. Third, we provide an algorithm that leverages interleaved sampling for motion blur and camera defocus. This algorithm outperforms Pixar's algorithm when rendering objects undergoing moderate defocus or high motion and has the added benefit of predictable performance.
Antigen-Specific Responses Accelerate Bacterial Clearance in the Bladder (2006)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause patient morbidity and have a substantial economic impact. Half of all women will suffer a UTI at least once, and 25% of these women will have recurrent infections. That 75% of previously infected women do not become reinfected strongly suggests a role for an adaptive immune response. The goal of this study was to characterize the adaptive immune responses to uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the predominant uropathogen. A novel murine model of UTI reinfection was developed using the prototypic cystitis UPEC isolate NU14 harboring a plasmid encoding OVA as a unique antigenic marker. Bacterial colonization of the bladder was quantified following one or more infections with NU14-OVA. Animals developed anti-OVA serum IgG and IgM titers after the initial infection and marked up-regulation of activation markers on splenic T cells. We observed a 95% reduction in bacterial colonization upon reinfection, and splenic leukocytes showed Ag-specific proliferation in vitro. Adoptive transfer of splenic T cells or passive transfer of serum from previously infected mice protected naive syngeneic mice from UPEC colonization. These findings support our hypothesis that adaptive immune responses to UPEC protect the bladder from reinfection and form the basis of understanding susceptibility to recurrent UTI in women.
Autologous and homologous fibrinogen sealants: Adhesive strength (1989)

The adhesive strength of autologous fibrinogen sealants prepared from the individual patient's blood with the help of ammonium sulphate or polyethylene glycol was compared to that of a homologous commercial fibrinogen sealant. The concentration of the fibrinogen harvested by each method was measured. The bonding power measurements were carried out by gluing pieces of human dura, rat skin, or cotton cloth together. The commercial fibrinogen sealant yielded the highest concentration of fibrinogen and also proved to be the strongest of the glues tested. The PEG glue was better than the AS glue. Humidity did not have a significant influence on adhesive strength, nor did deep-freezing worsen the properties of the fibrinogen sealants. In addition to the commercial products, the self-made fibrinogen glues, especially the PEG glue, were also strong enough for otolaryngological use.
Plastic surgery (1998)

The primary aims of plastic surgery are the restoration of appearance and function. This includes reconstruction after traumatic defects, congenital anomalies, and ablative surgery for malignancy, as well as surgery of the hand, breast surgery, and the field of aesthetic surgery. Considerable advances are being made as we begin to understand the biological basis for tissue regeneration, malignant neoplasia, and wound healing. The tools of the plastic surgeon now encompass the means of cellular manipulation of these biological processes.
"Viral deja vu" elicits organ-specific immune disease independent of reactivity to self (2006)

Autoimmune diseases are often precipitated by viral infections. Yet our current understanding fails to explain how viruses trigger organ-specific autoimmunity despite thymic tolerance extending to many non-lymphohematopoietic self antigens. Additionally, a key epidemiological finding needs to be explained: In genetically susceptible individuals, early childhood infections seem to predispose them to multiple sclerosis (MS) or type 1 diabetes years or even decades before clinical onset. In the present work, we show that the innate immune system of neonatal mice was sufficient to eliminate an attenuated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) from most tissues except for the CNS, where the virus persisted in neurons (predisposing virus). Virus-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) were neither deleted nor sufficiently primed to cause disease, but they were efficiently triggered in adulthood upon WT LCMV infection (precipitating virus). This defined sequence of viral infections caused severe CNS inflammation that was histomorphologically reminiscent of rasmussen encephalitis, a fatal human autoimmune disease. Yet disease in mice was mediated by antiviral CTLs targeting an epitope shared by the precipitating virus and the predisposing virus persisting in neurons (déjà vu). Thus the concept of "viral déjà vu" demonstrates how 2 related but independently encountered viral infections can cause organ-specific immune disease without molecular mimicry of self and without breaking self tolerance.
Magnetic resonance microscopy of changes in water content in stems of transpiring plants. (1987)

Differences in water content and degree of binding in the various stem tissues of Pelargonium hortorum were observed by magnetic resonance imaging. 1H images were obtained with a resolution of 100 microns in the transverse plane and a slice thickness of 1250 microns. It was possible to distinguish the principal tissues of the stem by differences in their proton density or apparent water content and spin lattice relaxation time (T1) or degree of water binding. Measurements were made while the plant was slowly and actively transpiring. In the slowly transpiring plant, T1 of various tissues ranged from an average of 659 to 865 ms with a proton density variation of from 72 to 100%. In the actively transpiring plant, T1 ranged from an average of 511 to 736 ms, and the proton density was reduced, ranging between 62 and 88% of the peak value found in the slowly transpiring plant. The fibrous sheath surrounding the vascular tissue and the epidermal region was found to have the highest spin density and T1. Both tissues are comprised of relatively small thick-walled cells. Cortical and pith parenchyma are composed of larger, thinner-walled cells with numerous intercellular spaces and lower spin density and T1. The differences are attributed to the higher water content by volume in the tissue composed of smaller, more compactly arranged cells. The resolution obtained in this work enables clear definition of tissues in the living plant and quantitative information concerning differences in the distribution and extent of binding of water.
Tolerance of fungal and bacterial biocontrol agents to six pesticides commonly used in the control of soil borne plant pathogens (2013)

The compatability of fungal (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma virens and Pochonia chlamydosporia) and bacterial biocontrol agents (Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens) was assessed to 6 pesticides viz., carbendazim, mancozeb, metalaxyl, captan, thiram, and nemacur commonly used by farmers in India for the control of soil borne plant pathogens. The compatability was assessed at different concentrations and the concentration of 60, 1050, 160, 225, 25, and 980 µg/ml of carbendazim, metalaxyl, captan, mancozeb, thiram and nemacur was the safe tolerance limit for T. harzianum whereas the corresponding values for T. virens were 40, 1000, 125, 177, 9, and 700 µg/ml, respectively. The safe tolerance limit for P. chlamydosporia were 37.5 µg carbendazim/ml, 75 µg captan/ml, 100 µg metalaxyl/ml, 5 µg thiram/ml, 110 µg mancozeb/ml and 250 µg nemacur/ml. Among the bacteria, P. fluorescens was found to be more compatible with fungicides than B. subtilis and the maximum tolerance concentration for the former being 2500 µg Thiram/ml, 1600 µg mancozeb/ml, and 50,000 µg/ml for captan and carbendazim. Hence, pesticidal contamination at above concentration in soil will not affect their effectiveness. Moreover, the pesticide tolerance ability broadened the use as these biopesticides in conjugation with pesticides can be applied under integrated disease management for the management of soil borne plant pathogens.