gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifying factors affecting repeatability in CSEM surveying for reservoir appraisal and monitoring (2008)

The marine CSEM method is widely used in exploration as a method of de‐risking prospects prior to drilling. However the method may also be applied to assist in appraisal of known reservoirs, and for monitoring changes in the properties of a reservoir during production. For these applications accurate, repeatable measurements are required. The repeatability of a CSEM survey will depend on a number of factors which must be characterized as accurately as possible. These factors can be divided into two groups: factors dependent on acquisition (for example uncertainties in source position or orientation), and environmental factors (for example seawater conductivity or the presence of shallow heterogeneity in the earth); the contribution of each depends on survey conditions and acquisition parameters. Since the total number of the parameters that could potentially affect the measured response is large, an important task is to restrict this number by identifying those that contribute most to survey uncertainty and repeatability. The purpose of this study is to produce a systematic review of the contribution of each potentially relevant factor, find the conditions affecting their impact and provide practical recommendations for performing repeatable surveys in the field.
A Pilot Study of Virtual Teamwork Training (2014)

The purpose of this research was to combine ideas from virtual team learning theories with technology acceptance research to identify factors that contribute to the acceptance and use of electronic collaboration technologies. An overview is provided of a model for incorporating virtual teamwork training and identifying factors that contribute to the use of an electronic collaboration system. Additionally, theoretical constructs of the research model, including the research questions and hypotheses for the study, are included. A pilot study was used to test the reliability of the instrument. The results of the pilot are described. Finally, the paper concludes with the proposed data analysis methods.
Antibiotic peptides from Trichoderma harzianum: harzianins HC, proline-rich 14-residue peptaibols (1995)

An original group of antibiotic-antifungal peptides of the peptaibol class, the harzianins HC, was isolated from T. harzianum strains selected for their antagonistic properties against phytopathogenic fungi. Eleven peptides were isolated by reversed-phase HPLC from the original complex mixtures, and sequenced.The sequences resulted both from positive-ion FAB-MS and 1H NMR data. Harzianins HC are 14-residue peptaibols containing three Aib-L-Pro motives at positions 4–5, 8–9 and 12–13. ROESY data and amide temperature coefficient values agreed with a helical structure stabilised by hydrogen bonds of the 4→1 type and looking to differ from 310- and α-helices.Harzianins HC increased the permeability of liposome bilayers and gave rise to voltage-dependent conductance, a property generally observed for longer-sequence peptaibols.
Cyclopentanoid synthesis via directed cationic cyclizations. Efficient generation and rearrangement of the intermediate cyclohexyl cation (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCyclopentanoid synthesis via directed cationic cyclizations. Efficient generation and rearrangement of the intermediate cyclohexyl cationMichael Sworin and William L. NeumannCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 20, 4894–4896Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00255a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00255a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Object oriented constraint programming for transportation problems (1993)

Constraint satisfaction techniques are a very powerful way to tackle highly combinatorial problems such as vehicle routing or crew scheduling. The author presents PECOS, an object oriented constraint programming library, used in various industrial applications, including transportation. It is available in two versions: a C++ library, or a Lisp library. PECOS offers some unique aspects such as: object oriented programming; expressing a constraint at the class level, which is shared by all the instances of the class; use of global optimization techniques such as simulated annealing; symbolic constraints for resource allocation problems; and so on. These features are described and illustrated by the CARAIBE system, which deals with locomotive scheduling for a French railway company. The inputs are the departure and arrival time and stations of all French trains. The system minimizes the number of locomotives and produces a detailed planning for each locomotive. The use of object oriented programming with class constraints allows the representation of the problem with five constraints only, whatever number of trains are considered. The use of simulated annealing enables a very good optimization. This application has clear counterparts within the air transport companies.<
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Interleukin 12, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha are the key cytokines of the generalized Shwartzman reaction. (1994)

The Shwartzman reaction is elicited by two injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. The priming LPS injection is given in the footpad, whereas the lethal LPS challenge is given intravenously 24 h later. The injection of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) or interleukin 12 (IL-12) instead of the LPS priming injection induced the lethal reaction in mice further challenged with LPS. Antibodies against IFN-gamma when given together with the priming agent, prevented the lethal reaction in mice primed with either LPS, IL-12, or IFN-gamma. Antibodies against IL-12, when given together with the priming agent, prevented the lethal reaction in mice primed with either LPS or IL-12 but not with IFN-gamma. These results strongly suggest that LPS induces the release of IL-12, that IL-12 induces the production of IFN-gamma, and that IFN-gamma is the cytokine that primes macrophages and other cell types. Upon LPS challenge, the lethal Shwartzman reaction is induced by a massive production of inflammatory cytokines that act on the target sites already sensitized by IFN-gamma. If mixtures of TNF and IL-1 or mixtures of TNF and IFN-gamma are used to challenge mice previously primed with IFN-gamma or IL-12, mortality is induced. In the same conditions, the individual cytokines or a mixture of IL-1 and IFN-gamma do not replace the LPS challenge. When the mice are primed with LPS, the combination of TNF, IL-1, and IFN-gamma induced only a partial mortality incidence suggesting that the involvement of other LPS-induced factors.
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR AND Fas SIGNALING MECHANISMS (1999)

Four members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family, TNF-alpha, LT-alpha, LT-beta, and LIGHT, interact with four receptors of the TNF/nerve growth factor family, the p55 TNF receptor (CD120a), the p75 TNF receptor (CD120b), the lymphotoxin beta receptor (LT beta R), and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) to control a wide range of innate and adaptive immune response functions. Of these, the most thoroughly studied are cell death induction and regulation of the inflammatory process. Fas/Apo1 (CD95), a receptor of the TNF receptor family activated by a distinct ligand, induces death in cells through mechanisms shared with CD120a. The last four years have seen a proliferation in knowledge of the proteins participating in the signaling by the TNF system and CD95. The downstream signaling molecules identified so far--caspases, phospholipases, the three known mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, and the NF-kappa B activation cascade--mediate the effects of other inducers as well. However, the molecules that initiate these signaling events, including the death domain- and TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) domain-containing adapter proteins and the signaling enzymes associated with them, are largely unique to the TNF/nerve growth factor receptor family.
Haemodynamic and clinical effects of ularitide in decompensated heart failure (2006)

Ularitide lowered cardiac filling pressures and improved dyspnoea without apparent early deleterious effects on renal function in DHF patients. These results suggest that ularitide may play a role in the management of DHF.
Enrichment and characterization of murine hematopoietic stem cells that express c-kit molecule (1991)

The proto-oncogene c-kit encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for stem cell factor (SCF). The c-kit/SCF signal is expected to have an important role in hematopoiesis. A monoclonal antibody (ACK-2) against the murine c-kit molecule was prepared. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the bone marrow cells that expressed the c-kit molecule (approximately 5%) were B220(B)-, TER119(erythroid)-, Thy1negative-low, and WGA+. A small number of Mac-1(macrophage)+ or Gr-1(granulocyte)+ cells were c-kit-low positive. Colony-forming unit in culture (CFU-C) and day-8 and day-12 CFU-spleen (CFU-S) existed exclusively in the c-kit-positive fraction. About 20% of the Lin(lineage)-c-kit+ cells were rhodamine-123low and this fraction contained more day-12 CFU-S than day-8 CFU-S. On the basis of these findings, murine hematopoietic stem cells were enriched with normal bone marrow cells. One of two and one of four Thy-1lowLin-WGA+c-kit+ cells were CFU-C and CFU-S, respectively. Long-term repopulating ability was investigated using B6/Ly5 congenic mice. Eight and 25 weeks after transplantation of Lin-c-kit+ cells, donor-derived cells were found in the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and peripheral blood. In peripheral blood, T cells, B cells, and granulocyte-macrophages were derived from donor cells. Injection of ACK-2 into the irradiated mice after bone marrow transplantation decreased the numbers of day-8 and day-12 CFU-S in a dose-dependent manner. Day-8 spleen colony formation was completely suppressed by the injection of 100 micrograms ACK-2, but a small number of day-12 colonies were spared. Our data show that the c-kit molecule is expressed in primitive stem cells and plays an essential role in the early stages of hematopoiesis.
Boron control in power plant reclaimed water for potable reuse (1984)

Abstract On the basis of test data, strong‐base anion exchange is recommended as a boron‐control process for the treatment of evaporator effluent.
Structural genes for thiamine biosynthetic enzymes (thiCEFGH) in Escherichia coli K-12 (1993)

Escherichia coli K-12 synthesizes thiamine pyrophosphate (vitamin B1) de novo. Two precursors [4-methyl-5-(beta-hydroxyethyl)thiazole monophosphate and 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine pyrophosphate] are coupled to form thiamine monophosphate, which is then phosphorylated to make thiamine pyrophosphate. Previous studies have identified two classes of thi mutations, clustered at 90 min on the genetic map, which result in requirements for the thiazole or the hydroxymethylpryimidine. We report here our initial molecular genetic analysis of the thi cluster. We cloned the thi cluster genes and examined their organization, structure, and function by a combination of phenotypic testing, complementation analysis, polypeptide expression, and DNA sequencing. We found five tightly linked genes, designated thiCEFGH. The thiC gene product is required for the synthesis of the hydroxymethylpyrimidine. The thiE, thiF, thiG, and thiH gene products are required for synthesis of the thiazole. These mutants did not respond to 1-deoxy-D-threo-2-pentulose, indicating that they are blocked in the conversion of this precursor compound to the thiazole itself.
Transgenic and knockout analyses of the role of TNF in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis. (1997)

Transgenic mutagenesis in whole animals has become without doubt the most rewarding approach to analyse gene structure, expression, and function. In the TNF field, much of what we now question about TNF/TNF receptor function is based, to a large extent, on what we have already learned by overexpressing these molecules in transgenic mice or by ablating their expression in knockout systems. In addition, a clearer view of the involvement of these molecules in disease pathogenesis has emerged, and useful models for human disease have been generated. In this overview, we summarise our experience with TNF transgenic and knockout systems, and highlight advances made in our understanding of the role played by TNF and its receptors in immune regulation and in the pathogenesis of infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune disease.
A Uniform Asymptotic Solution for the Diffraction by a Right-Angled Dielectric Wedge (2011)

We propose a uniform asymptotic solution for the field diffracted by a lossless right-angled dielectric wedge illuminated by a plane wave at normal incidence. The diffraction problem is solved by splitting the observation domain in the inner region of the wedge and the surrounding free-space. The scattered electric field in each region is assumed to be originated by a set of equivalent electric and magnetic surface currents involved in the well-known radiation integral. Such currents are localized on the interior and exterior faces of the wedge, and expressed in terms of the corresponding geometrical optics field. Useful analytical manipulations and asymptotic evaluations of the resulting integrals allow one to obtain the diffraction coefficients in terms of the Fresnel's reflection and transmission coefficients of the structure and the transition function of the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction. The related diffracted field compensates the discontinuities of the geometrical optics field and gives total field levels in good agreement with finite difference time domain results.
Ultrasensitive Measurement of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol with a High Energy Dynode Detector and Electron-Capture Negative Chemical-Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1991)

Plasma concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive cannabinoid in marijuana, decline to values substantially less than 1 microgram/L within a few hours after a subject has smoked a marijuana cigarette. Using a single-quadrupole gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS) operated in the negative chemical-ionization mode and retrofitted with a High Energy Dynode detector system, we measured delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and a primary metabolite, 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-COOH. Using a trifluoroacetic anhydride derivatization procedure and the High Energy Dynode detector system, we improved by 6.25-fold the limit of detection for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in plasma over that obtained with the same GC/MS system without the new detector (80 vs 500 ng/L). The new detector system will thus permit further investigation of the post-distribution pharmacokinetics of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and detection of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in plasma for a longer time after ingestion of the drug in forensic cases. The High Energy Dynode detector system should be applicable to a wide variety of other GC/MS analyses that require significantly improved sensitivity.
Structure of the binding site for nonnucleoside inhibitors of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (1994)

The dipyridodiazepinone Nevirapine is a potent and highly specific inhibitor of the reverse transcriptase (RT) from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It is a member of an important class of nonnucleoside drugs that appear to share part or all of the same binding site on the enzyme but are susceptible to a variety of spontaneous drug-resistance mutations. The co-crystal-structure of HIV-1 RT and Nevirapine has been solved previously at 3.5-A resolution and now is partially refined against data extending to 2.9-A spacing. The drug is bound in a hydrophobic pocket and in contact with some 38 protein atoms from the p66 palm and thumb subdomains. Most, but not all, nonnucleoside drug-resistance mutations map to residues in close contact with Nevirapine. The major effects of these mutations are to introduce steric clashes with the drug molecule or to remove favorable protein-drug contacts. Additionally, four residues (Phe-227, Trp-229, Leu-234, and Tyr-319) in contact with Nevirapine have not been selected as sites of drug-resistance mutations, implying that there may be limitations on the number and types of resistance mutations that yield viable virus. Strategies of inhibitor design that target interactions with these conserved residues may yield drugs that are less vulnerable to escape mutations.
DNA Methylation Does Not Stably Lock Gene Expression but Instead Serves as a Molecular Mark for Gene Silencing Memory (2012)

DNA methylation is commonly thought of as a "molecular lock" that leads to permanent gene silencing. To investigate this notion, we tested 24 different histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) on colon cancer cells that harbor a GFP locus stably integrated and silenced by a hypermethylated cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. We found that HDACi efficiently reactivated expression of GFP and many other endogenous genes silenced by DNA hypermethylation. After treatment, all promoters were marked with active chromatin, yet DNA hypermethylation did not change. Thus, DNA methylation could not prevent gene reactivation by drug-induced resetting of the chromatin state. In evaluating the relative contribution of DNA methylation and histone modifications to stable gene silencing, we followed expression levels of GFP and other genes silenced by DNA hypermethylation over time after treatment with HDACi or DNA-demethylating drugs. Reactivation of methylated loci by HDACi was detectable for only 2 weeks, whereas DNA-demethylating drugs induced permanent epigenetic reprogramming. Therefore, DNA methylation cannot be considered as a lock for gene expression but rather as a memory signal for long-term maintenance of gene silencing. These findings define chromatin as an important druggable target for cancer epigenetic therapy and suggest that removal of DNA methylation signals is required to achieve long-term gene reactivation.
A new excitation model for LPC vocoder at 2.4 kb/s (1992)

A novel excitation model called the multicategory vector excitation (MCVE) model for a linear predictive coding (LPC) vocoder at 2.4 kb/s is proposed. In this model, speech signal is classified into four categories: unvoiced, voiced, onset, and offset. For every category of speech, an excitation codebook is available. Different excitation codebooks hold different characteristics. The analysis-by-synthesis procedure is used to select the excitation vectors. The computer simulation has been carried out, and the results show that the vocoder with the new excitation model is capable of synthesizing more intelligible and more natural speech at 2.4 kb/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Growth characteristics of murine B16 melanoma multicellular spheroids: a model for invasion and effects of doxorubicin treatments. (1993)

Multicellular spheroids, derived from murine B16 melanoma cells, showed unique growth characteristics: when they reached about 500 microns in diameter, their morphology changed rapidly and they became amoeba-like irregular-shaped aggregates. This morphological characteristic closely resembled that of invasive cancer, and may serve as a model for local invasion. To test the possibility that the changes mentioned above can be inhibited by a drug, spheroids were treated with 0.8 microgram/ml of doxorubicin for one hour and their morphology was observed temporally. Although this concentration of the drug decreased the survival of the melanoma cells in monolayer to about 10(-3), the growth was not delayed nor were the "invasion"-like changes inhibited in the spheroids. We believe this system of multicellular spheroids is a useful model to study the mechanisms of tumour invasion, although doxorubicin could not inhibit "invasion"-like changes in this system.
Suppression in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1982)

INTRODUCTION It can be said that significant advancements in determining the molecular basis of suppression have been made so far only with the prokaryotes Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium and with the eukaryotic yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. With notable and important exceptions, the properties of suppressors from yeast are identical or similar to the properties of suppressors from bacteria. In fact, the conceptual framework for the work on yeast suppressors has been based on the earlier and more extensive work on bacterial suppressors. In this brief review, the suppressors of the yeast S. cerevisiae are tabulated, and their properties are summarized. The chromosomal map positions of many of the suppressors can be found on the genetic map that is presented in Appendix I of this volume. Suppressors in yeast, as well as in prokaryotes, have proved to be important for probing the translational process, for investigating tRNA biosynthesis, and for providing a convenient means of deducing the nucleotide sequences of suppressible mutations. Investigations with bacteria have shown that extragenic information suppression is primarily mediated by altered tRNAs or altered ribosomes. Another class of suppressors, the polarity suppressors, has altered components required for proper transcriptional termination, and these types of suppressors are not to be expected to occur in yeast or other eukaryotes. Altered tRNAs with suppressor activity can have base changes within or outside anticodons, or they can have bases lacking proper modifications. Prokaryotic tRNA suppressors have been reviewed recently by Korner et al. (1978), Smith (1979), and...