gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
141. Synthesis of benzoselenopheno[2,3-b]benzoselenophens from 1,1-diarylethylenes and selenium oxychloride (1962)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Therapeutic Factor XIII Preparations and Perspectives for Recombinant Factor XIII (1996)

With the increasing availability of human plasma this source was used to substitute for the production of factor XIII concentrate from placenta. Prior to changing the source material, the virus safety in accordance with the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) guidelines and the half-life were investigated. Concerning the virus safety, the following cumulative log 10 clearance factors were obtained: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) > or = 18.9, herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) > or = 21.5, polio > or = 19.1, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) > or = 13.3. Half-life studies of factor XIII from plasma in comparison with factor XIII from placenta were done in rabbits by determination of the antigen and in patients with congenital factor XIII deficiency by determination of the activity and antigen. In rabbits, the terminal half-life of the antigen was 78.2 hours for factor XIII from placenta and 87.0 hours for factor XIII from plasma. In patients the half-lives were similar: 9.2 days for activity and antigen of factor XIII from plasma and 8.5 days (activity) versus 9.4 days (antigen) for the placenta-derived factor XIII. Some further clinical studies with factor XIII concentrates are also reviewed. Newer developments concerning recombinant factor XIII, its expression, characterization, and properties are summarized. Concerning the physicochemical data, the behavior in plasma was characterized by the formation of high-molecular-weight complexes, and first in vivo results, the recombinant factor XIII product was comparable to the naturally occurring material.
Combining Pseudoranges from GPS and Loran-C for Air Navigation (1990)

User equipment that combines pseudoranges from GPS and Loran would be more reliable than an unaided GPS receiver or a Loran-only receiver. It could remove coverage outages caused by satellite shutdowns and/or bad satellite geometry. Similarly, it could remove most of the coverage outages caused by Loran station shutdowns, high atmospheric noise levels, or precipitation static. A hybrid GPS/Loran receiver could also reliably provide self-contained fault detection and isolation (otherwise known as receiver autonomous integrity monitoring, or RAIM). This paper treats position fixing, receiver autonomous fault detection, and receiver autonomous fault isolation as system services, and computes the probability of outage for these three services. Our analysis computes the outage probability for the level of service required for nonprecision approach and en route navigation in the National Airspace System. It assumes that GPS is configured in the Optimal 21 Satellite Constellation, and includes the effects of satellite as well as Loran station shutdowns. Finally, our analysis examines whether it is important to synchronize Loran transmissions to GPS time.
GPFS-SNC: An enterprise storage framework for virtual-machine clouds (2011)

In a typical cloud computing environment, the users are provided with storage and compute capacity in the form of virtual machines. The underlying infrastructure for these services typically comprises large distributed clusters of commodity machines and direct-attached storage in concert with a server virtualization layer. The focus of this paper is on an enterprise storage framework that supports the timely and resource-efficient deployment of virtual machines in such a cloud environment. The proposed framework makes use of innovations in the General Parallel File System–Shared Nothing Clusters (GPFS®-SNC) file system, supports optimal allocation of resources to virtual machines in a hypervisor-agnostic fashion, achieves low latency when provisioning for new virtual machines, and adapts to the input–output needs of each virtual-machine instance in order to achieve high performance for all types of applications.
Identification of new protein species among 33 different small GTP‐binding proteins encoded by cDNAs from Lotus japonicus, and expression of corresponding mRNAs in developing root nodules (1997)

In this study, 266 cDNA clones were isolated from a cDNA library made from mRNA of three-week-old root nodules of Lotus japonicus, employing a degenerate oligonucleotide probe that corresponds to a conserved region of small GTP-binding (SMG) proteins. The clones were sorted into groups by cross hybridization and 3' sequencing, and 33 contigs were sequenced in an orderly fashion. Twenty-seven complete and six incomplete protein structures were deduced, which represent three subfamilies of the superfamily of signal transducing GTP-binding proteins. The 33 proteins are divided into nine subclasses, of which seven belong to the Ypt/Rab subfamily, one subclass represents the Rho/Rac subfamily, and one subclass represents the Ran subfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. The protein sequences were compared with related proteins from other plants, from mammals and other species, and discussed with respect to structure and function in different cellular processes. It is apparent that the number of genes encoding SMG proteins in plants must be quite large, since the large number of subclasses found in other eukaryotes is not fully represented in our analysis. Transcription patterns through root nodule development were analysed for 27 of the 33 cDNAs. Differential expression patterns may reflect whether the coded gene product is of importance for organ development. Most mRNAs appear to be constitutively expressed; however, a few unique mRNAs representing the subclasses Rab1, Rab2, Rab5, Rab7 and Rac show elevated levels in root nodules, and certain Rab7, Rab8 and Rab11 species are enriched in aerial parts of the plant. This suggests that most small GTPases have household functions, whereas a few may be required for specialized activities that are important for specialized cells.
The Expression of Four Genes as a Prognostic Classifier for Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma in 12 Independent Cohorts (2014)

Our results suggest that the 4-gene classifier may assist clinicians in decisions about the postoperative management of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Synthesis of highly nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (2003)

We present a new synthesis route for nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (CNx) based on the aerosol method. Tubes with a record high concentration of nitrogen (∼20 atom%) have been synthesized, confirmed by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). A strong correlation between the N/C ratio and morphology of the tubes is observed and discussed.
LOXL1 and LOXL4 Are Epigenetically Silenced and Can Inhibit Ras/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway in Human Bladder Cancer (2007)

Promoter hypermethylation is one of the common mechanisms leading to gene silencing in various human cancers. Using a combination of pharmacologic unmasking and microarray techniques, we identified 59 candidate hypermethylated genes, including LOXL1, a lysyl oxidase-like gene, in human bladder cancer cells. We further showed that LOXL1 and LOXL4 are commonly silenced genes in human bladder cancer cells, and this silence is predominantly related to promoter methylation. We also found LOXL1 and LOXL4 gene methylation and loss of expression in primary bladder tumors. In addition, somatic mutations were identified in LOXL4, but not in LOXL1 in bladder cancer. Moreover, reintroduction of LOXL1 and LOXL4 genes into human bladder cancer cells leads to a decrease of colony formation ability. Further studies indicated that the overexpression of LOXL1 and LOXL4 could antagonize Ras in activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Thus, our current study suggests for the first time that lysyl oxidase-like genes can act as tumor suppressor genes and exert their functions through the inhibition of the Ras/ERK signaling pathway in human bladder cancer.
Protein Modification, Bioconjugation, and Disulfide Bridging Using Bromomaleimides (2010)

The maleimide motif is widely used for the selective chemical modification of cysteine residues in proteins. Despite widespread utilization, there are some potential limitations, including the irreversible nature of the reaction and, hence, the modification and the number of attachment positions. We conceived of a new class of maleimide which would address some of these limitations and provide new opportunities for protein modification. We report herein the use of mono- and dibromomaleimides for reversible cysteine modification and illustrate this on the SH2 domain of the Grb2 adaptor protein (L111C). After initial modification of a protein with a bromo- or dibromomaleimide, it is possible to add an equivalent of a second thiol to give further bioconjugation, demonstrating that bromomaleimides offer opportunities for up to three points of attachment. The resultant protein-maleimide products can be cleaved to regenerate the unmodified protein by addition of a phosphine or a large excess of a thiol. Furthermore, dibromomaleimide can insert into a disulfide bond, forming a maleimide bridge, and this is illustrated on the peptide hormone somatostatin. Fluorescein-labeled dibromomaleimide is synthesized and inserted into the disulfide to construct a fluorescent somatostatin analogue. These results highlight the significant potential for this new class of reagents in protein modification.
Quantitative analysis of continuous intravenous infusions in pediatric anesthesia: safety implications of dead volume, flow rates, and fluid delivery (2010)

Traditional studies focus on drug disposition once a drug enters the circulation. Our analysis shows the potential importance of factors influencing drug delivery to the patient's circulation, focusing on propofol and remifentanil administration to small patients. The drug mass available for inadvertent bolus residing in the reservoir of the dead volume at steady state may be large and clinically relevant. Lag times to achieve steady-state delivery are long, depending on the infusion system's architecture and fluid flow rates. By themselves, drug infusions can deliver significant fluid loads to children. These observations have practical and perhaps safety implications for infusions of drugs commonly administered to infants and children.
Factor XIII Deficiency Causes Cardiac Rupture, Impairs Wound Healing, and Aggravates Cardiac Remodeling in Mice With Myocardial Infarction (2006)

These data suggest that FXIII has an important role in murine myocardial healing after infarction.
Visualizing Antigen-Specific and\nInfected Cells in Situ Predicts\nOutcomes in Early Viral Infection (2009)

In the early stages of viral infection, outcomes depend on a race between expansion of infection and the immune response generated to contain it. We combined in situ tetramer staining with in situ hybridization to visualize, map, and quantify relationships between immune effector cells and their targets in tissues. In simian immunodeficiency virus infections in macaques and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections in mice, the magnitude and timing of the establishment of an excess of effector cells versus targets were found to correlate with the extent of control and the infection outcome (i.e., control and clearance versus partial or poor control and persistent infection). This method highlights the importance of the location, timing, and magnitude of the immune response needed for a vaccine to be effective against agents of persistent infection, such as HIV-1.
Aggregation of features of the metabolic syndrome is associated with increased prevalence of chronic complications in Type 2 diabetes (2004)

The metabolic syndrome and the aggregation of its components were significantly associated with macro- and microvascular complications in Type 2 DM patients.
Modeling disease mutations by gene targeting in one-cell mouse embryos (2012)

Gene targeting by zinc-finger nucleases in one-cell embryos provides an expedite mutagenesis approach in mice, rats, and rabbits. This technology has been recently used to create knockout and knockin mutants through the deletion or insertion of nucleotides. Here we apply zinc-finger nucleases in one-cell mouse embryos to generate disease-related mutants harboring single nucleotide or codon replacements. Using a gene-targeting vector or a synthetic oligodesoxynucleotide as template for homologous recombination, we introduced missense and silent mutations into the Rab38 gene, encoding a small GTPase that regulates intracellular vesicle trafficking. These results demonstrate the feasibility of seamless gene editing in one-cell embryos to create genetic disease models and establish synthetic oligodesoxynucleotides as a simplified mutagenesis tool.
Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Insulin (Exubera) Compared With Subcutaneous Insulin Therapy in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (2004)

Inhaled insulin is effective, well tolerated, and well accepted in patients with type 1 diabetes and provides glycemic control comparable to that with a conventional insulin regimen.
A data-driven multitone echo canceller (2002)

A data-driven echo canceller for full-duplex data transmission with multitone modulation is presented. This echo canceller is shown not to be impaired by the eigenvalue-spread problems that are inherent in signal-driven echo cancellers, and to have numerical performance and cancellation range that equals, and in most cases exceeds, that of data-driven echo cancellers used in data transmission with baseband or quadrature amplitude modulation. The method makes use of frequency-domain updating, but with time-domain implementation of the canceller. It introduces no delay into the received signal path.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ZnO quantum particle thin films fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (1999)

Thin films of quantum size ZnO particles were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition from stable colloidal suspensions. The average particle size and hence the optical properties can be tailored by controlling the aging time and temperature of the suspensions. Thin films prepared by electrophoretic deposition exhibit optical properties characteristic of the quantum size particles. Both the band-to-band and visible photoluminescence were progressively blue shifted with decreasing particle size in the film.
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Precursor Frequencies in BALB/c Mice after Acute Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection or Immunization with a Formalin-Inactivated RSV Vaccine (1998)

ABSTRACT A better understanding of the immune response to live and formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is important for developing nonlive vaccines. In this study, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- and II-restricted, RSV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor (CTLp) frequencies were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and spleen lymphocytes of BALB/c mice intranasally infected with live RSV or intramuscularly inoculated with formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV). After RSV infection, both class I- and class II-restricted CTLps were detected by day 4 or 5 postinfection (p.i.). Peak CTLp frequencies were detected by day 7 p.i. The class II-restricted CTLp frequencies in the BAL following RSV infection were less than class I-restricted CTLp frequencies through day 14 p.i., during which class I-restricted CTLp frequencies remained elevated, but then declined by 48 days p.i. The frequencies of class II-restricted CTLps in the BAL were 2- to 10-fold less than those of class I-restricted CTLps. For spleen cells, frequencies of both MHC class I- and II-restricted CTLps to live RSV were similar. In contrast, class II-restricted CTLps predominated in FI-RSV-vaccinated mice. RSV challenge of vaccinated mice resulted in an increase in the frequency of class I-restricted CTLps at day 3 p.i. but did not enhance class II-restricted CTLp frequencies. These studies demonstrate differences in the CTLp response to live RSV infection compared with FI-RSV immunization and help define possible mechanisms of enhanced disease after FI-RSV immunization. In addition, these studies provide a quantitative means to address potential vaccine candidates by examining both MHC class I- and II-restricted CTLp frequencies.
Disruption of Oncogenic K-Ras4B Processing and Signaling by a Potent Geranylgeranyltransferase I Inhibitor (1995)

Prenylation of the carboxyl-terminal CAAX (C, cysteine; A, aliphatic acid; and X, any amino acid) of Ras is required for its biological activity. We have designed a CAAX peptidomimetic, GGTI-287, which is 10 times more potent toward inhibiting geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I) in vitro (IC50 = 5 nM) than our previously reported farnesyltransferase inhibitor, FTI-276. In whole cells, the methyl ester derivative of GGTI-287, GGTI-286, was 25-fold more potent (IC50 = 2 microM) than the corresponding methyl ester of FTI-276, FTI-277, toward inhibiting the processing of the geranylgeranylated protein Rap1A. Furthermore, GGTI-286 is highly selective for geranylgeranylation over farnesylation since it inhibited the processing of farnesylated H-Ras only at much higher concentrations (IC50 > 30 microM). While the processing of H-Ras was very sensitive to inhibition by FTI-277 (IC50 = 100 nM), that of K-Ras4B was highly resistant (IC50 = 10 microM). In contrast, we found the processing of K-Ras4B to be much more sensitive to GGTI-286 (IC50 = 2 microM). Furthermore, oncogenic K-Ras4B stimulation inhibited potently by GGTI-286 (IC50 = 1 microM) but weakly by FTI-277 (IC50 = 30 microM). Significant inhibition of oncogenic K-Ras4B stimulation of MAP kinase by GGTI-286 occurred at concentrations (1-3 microM) that did not inhibit oncogenic H-Ras stimulation of MAP kinase. The data presented in this study provide the first demonstration of selective disruption of oncogenic K-Ras4B processing and signaling by a CAAX peptidomimetic. The higher sensitivity of K-Ras4B toward a GGTase I inhibitor has a tremendous impact on future research directions targeting Ras in anticancer therapy.
Recognition in the Minor Groove of DNA at 5'-(A,T)GCGC(A,T)-3' by a Four Ring Tripeptide Dimer. Reversal of the Specificity of the Natural Product Distamycin (1995)

The tripeptide ImPImP containing alternating imidazole and pyrrole carboxamides specifically binds the designated six base pair site 5'-d(A,T)GCGC(A,T)-3' in the minor groove of DNA. Quantitative footprint titration experiments demonstrate that ImPImP binds the sites 5'-AGCGCT-3' and 5'-TGCGCA-3' with apparent first order binding affinities of 3.8 x 10^5 M^(-1) and 3.6 x 10^5 M^(-1), respectively (25 mM tris acetate, 10 mM NaCl, pH 7.0 and 22 °C). Affinity cleaving experiments with ImPImP-EDTA . Fe reveals equal cleavage on both sides of the 5'-(A,T)GCGC(A,T)-3' site, consistent with a side-by-side antiparallel arrangement of the four ring peptides in the minor groove, This reversal of specificity of the natural product distamycin which prefers to bind pure A,T sequences underscores the utility of 2:1 peptide-DNA models for the design of ligands for sequence-specific recognition in the minor groove of DNA. By extending these peptides to four ring systems, a new lower limit of six base pair binding by 2:1 peptide-DNA complexes has been defined.
Optical gain of strained wurtzite GaN quantum-well lasers (1996)

A theory for the electronic band structure and the free-carrier optical gain of wurtzite-strained quantum-well lasers is presented. We take into account the strain-induced band-edge shifts and the realistic band structures of the GaN wurtzite crystals. The effective-mass Hamiltonian, the basis functions, the valence band structures, the interband momentum matrix elements, and the optical gain are presented with analytical expressions and numerical results for GaN-AlGaN strained quantum-well lasers. This theoretical model provides a foundation for investigating the electronic and optical properties of wurtzite-strained quantum-well lasers.
Evidence for an association between dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and nonfatal, premature myocardial infarction in males. (1994)

Our conclusions are limited by the retrospective nature of this study. However, these data indicate that serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels are inversely related to premature myocardial infarction in males and that this association is independent of the effects of several known risk factors for premature myocardial infarction.
Processing complex noun phrases in a natural language interface to a statistical database (1992)

Analysis of a corpus of queries to a statistical database has shown considerable variation in the location and order of modifiers in complex noun phrases. Nevertheless, restrictions can be defined on nominal modification because of certain correspondences between nominal modifiers and the role they fulfill in a statistical database, notably that the names of database tables and columns, and values of columns, are all determined by the modifiers. These restrictions are described. Incorporating these restrictions into Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) has caused us to examine the treatment of nominal modification in HPSG. A new treatment is proposed and an implementation within an HPSG based natural language front-end to a statistical database is described.
Expression of CD134 (0X-40) on T cells during the first 100 days following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation as a marker for lymphocyte activation and therapy-resistant graft-versus-host disease (1999)

CD134 (OX-40) is an activation-associated antigen which functions as a costimulatory receptor for CD4+ T cells. In order to determine the expression of CD134 during immune recovery following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), we measured its expression on T cells and T cell subsets during the first 100 days following BMT in 26 patients. CD4+CD134+ T could be seen approximately 14 days following BMT cells in patients who did not develop GvHD which required therapy (n = 20). The percentage of CD4+CD134+ cells continued to increase up to the fourth week following BMT to a maximum of 40-50% of CD4+ T cells (normal = 1-8%). Two patients who developed Grade I-II GvHD and who responded to treatment with pulsed high-dose methylprednisolone (MPD) showed a decline of approximately 40% in CD4+CD134+ T cells was seen within 48 hours of treatment. Four patients who developed GvHD that was not responsive to MPD and who later developed high IV GvHD showed increasing CD4+CD134+ T cells up to 85% of the CD4+ T cells. Additionally, rapid increases in CD134+ T cells following antibody-based T cell therapy were associated with GvHD recurrence. In no cases was the percentage of CD134+ CD4+ T cells predictive of clinical GvHD. In this exploratory study, we have shown that CD134, although not predictive of the initial onset of GvHD, may be a useful tool for monitoring the response to early GvHD therapy and identification of patients at risk for reemergence of GvHD who may benefit from anti-T cell therapy. Cytometry (Comm. Clin. Cytometry) 38: 238-243, 1999.
Preparation of genetically engineered monoclonal antibodies for human immunotherapy (1992)

Production of human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of predefined specificity using conventional hybridoma technology has proved to be difficult. Immunotherapeutic intervention in humans with rodent MAbs, however, is disadvantageous because of the antigenicity of these proteins and may result in human antibody responses against this foreign agent. To circumvent this problem, recombinant DNA techniques have been developed to transplant the specificity of a rodent MAb into a human antibody. Two basic approaches are being employed: first, combining rodent MAb variable regions with human constant regions; and more recently, "reshaping" human MAbs by grafting complementarity-determining regions (CDR) into the human antibody framework. These humanized MAbs can now be used to study human Fc-dependent effector mechanisms in detail, which seems essential to optimize potential in vivo application.