gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spinal CGRP1 receptors contribute to supraspinally organized pain behavior and pain-related sensitization of amygdala neurons (2007)

CGRP receptor activation has been implicated in peripheral and central sensitization. The role of spinal CGRP receptors in supraspinal pain processing and higher integrated pain behavior is not known. Here we studied the effect of spinal inhibition of CGRP1 receptors on supraspinally organized vocalizations and activity of amygdala neurons. Our previous studies showed that pain-related audible and ultrasonic vocalizations are modulated by the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Vocalizations in the audible and ultrasonic range and hindlimb withdrawal thresholds were measured in awake adult rats before and 5-6h after induction of arthritis by intra-articular injections of kaolin and carrageenan into one knee. Extracellular single-unit recordings were made from neurons in the latero-capsular division of the CeA (CeLC) in anesthetized rats before and after arthritis induction. CGRP1 receptor antagonists were applied to the lumbar spinal cord intrathecally (5 microl/min) 6h postinduction of arthritis. Spinal administration of peptide (CGRP8-37, 1 microM) and non-peptide (BIBN4096BS, 1 microM) CGRP1 receptor antagonists significantly inhibited the increased responses of CeLC neurons to mechanical stimulation of the arthritic knee but had no effect under normal conditions. In arthritic rats, the antagonists also inhibited the audible and ultrasonic components of vocalizations evoked by noxious stimuli and increased the threshold of hindlimb withdrawal reflexes. The antagonists had no effect on vocalizations and spinal reflexes in normal rats. These data suggest that spinal CGRP1 receptors are not only important for spinal pain mechanisms but also contribute significantly to the transmission of nociceptive information to the amygdala and to higher integrated behavior.
Anisotropic Etching of Crystalline Silicon in Alkaline Solutions: II . Influence of Dopants (1990)

The etching behavior of highly boron doped silicon in aqueous solutions based of ethylenediamine, , , and was studied. For all etchants, a strong reduction of the etch rate for boron concentrations exceeding approximately was observed. This value is in good agreement with published data for the onset of degeneracy of p‐type silicon. The reduction of the etch rate was found to be inversely proportional to the fourth power of the boron concentration. For a given high boron concentration, the etch stop effect was found to be most effective for ethylenediamine‐based solutions and low concentration and least effective for highly concentrated . On the basis of these results, a model is proposed attributing the etch stop phenomenon to electrical effects of holes rather than chemical effects of boron. Due to the high dopant concentration the width of the space charge layer on the silicon surface shrinks drastically. Therefore, electrons injected into the conduction band by an oxidation reaction cannot be confined to the surface and rapidly recombine with holes from the valence band. The lack of these electrons impedes the reduction of water and thereby the formation of new hydroxide ions at the silicon surface. Since the transfer of four electrons is required for the dissolution of one silicon atom the observed fourth power law for the decrease of the etch rate can be explained. The reduction of the etch rate on silicon doped with germanium or phosphorus is much smaller and follows a different mechanism.
Phase I/II study of GSK2118436, a selective inhibitor of oncogenic mutant BRAF kinase, in patients with metastatic melanoma and other solid tumors. (2010)

8503 Background: GSK2118436 is a highly potent and selective ATP competitive BRAF inhibitor with > 100-fold selectivity for mutant (mut) BRAF over wild type (wt) in cell lines. It displays dose-dependent inhibition of MEK and ERK phosphorylation in mut BRAF cell lines and tumor regression in xenograft models. Methods: This is a first-time in human, dose escalation study to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and efficacy in cohorts of 1 to 20 patients (pts). Pts were treated with oral GSK2118436 once to three times daily. Once safety was established in cohorts of 3 to 4 pts, cohorts were expanded to determine the optimal dose based on efficacy and tolerability. Results: 61 pts (52 mut BRAF melanoma) received 12–400 mg daily. Plasma concentrations were dose-proportional and exceeded the minimal therapeutic target at doses > 35 mg BID. 1 pt reported dose-limiting toxicity of syncope (200 mg BID) and resumed reduced dosing. AEs included skin changes (23 pts, 1 gr 3), low grade cutaneous SCC (2 pts), headache (12 pts, 1 gr 3), nausea (11 gr 1), fatigue (9 gr 1), and vomiting (8 pts, 4 gr 2). MTD has not yet been determined. Concentration-dependent pERK inhibition was seen in tumor (max 93% inhibition) at GSK2118436 concentration of 140 ng/mL. In pts with mut BRAF melanoma: exposure-related decrease in FDG-PET metabolic uptake was noted with 11/14 (79%) pts showing a decrease from baseline (range −5 to −100%). In pts with mut BRAF melanoma (without brain mets) 18/ 30 (60%) pts have a > 20% tumor decrease by RECIST at first restaging (8–9 wks). Conclusions: MTD has not yet been reached. Clinical activity with minimal toxicity was observed at multiple dose levels in mut BRAF tumors. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline
Comparison of Immunoreactivity of Five Human Cardiac Troponin I Assays toward Free and Complexed Forms of the Antigen: Implications for Assay Discordance (1999)

found in benign breast diseases (25 ). In addition, the presence of PSA (in particular in the uncomplexed form) in NAF is in accordance with the high concentration of enzymes, proteases, and some biochemical analytes that may be prone to metabolic alterations in ductal epithelial cells of women with breast diseases (11 ). In another study we described at the electron microscopic level the epithelial cells present in NAFs, giving evidence for highly metabolizing cells (Malatesta et al., submitted for publication). Accordingly, the intense anti-PSA labeling on ribosomes, sites of protein synthesis, strongly suggests that NAF cells are able to synthesize this protease; moreover, the presence of some labeling along the cell surface could indicate a secretory activity. The small vacuoles containing PSA could represent storage/complexation sites of this protease, although we cannot exclude that they can be removed by exocytosis. Therefore, breast epithelial cells present in NAFs could be a candidate source of PSA found in nipple aspirate extracellular fluid; similarly, in type I breast gross cysts, the apocrine cells occurring in the cystic fluid are responsible for PSA production and secretion (24 ).
On-Chip Temperature Sensor with High Tolerance for Process and Temperature Variation (2005)

A reliable temperature sensor circuit that is robust against wafer or chip process and sensing temperature variation is introduced. The circuit includes a reference voltage generator and a constant current bias voltage generator in order to compensate for process and sensing temperature variations. This method eliminates post-production adjustments by circuits such as fuses or non-volatile memory devices. It reduces adjustment test costs and silicon area for these devices, their test control circuits and the interface circuits. Temperature measurement variation of less than 0.6/spl deg/C by the proposed circuit with a simple low-power structure was verified. The circuit is implemented for a refresh cycle control in 1.5 times of the PAD space on a low-power pseudo-SRAM type DRAM product with a 0.175-/spl mu/m CMOS bulk process.
The continuum architecture: towards enabling chaotic ubiquitous computing (2005)

Interactions in the style of the ubiquitous computing paradigm are possible today, but only in handcrafted environments within one administrative and technological realm. This thesis describes an architecture (called Continuum), a design that realises the architecture, and a proof-of-concept implementation that brings ubiquitous computing to chaotic environments. Essentially, Continuum enables an ecology at the edge of the network, between users, competing service providers from overlapping administrative domains, competing internet service providers, content providers, and software developers that want to add value to the user experience. Continuum makes the ubiquitous computing functionality orthogonal to other application logic. Existing web applications are augmented for ubiquitous computing with functionality that is dynamically compiled and injected by a middleware proxy into the web pages requested by a web browser at the user?s mobile device. This enables adaptability to environment variability, manageability without user involvement, and expansibility without changes to the mobile. The middleware manipulates self-contained software units with precise functionality (called &lt;i&gt;frames&lt;/i&gt;), which help the user interact with contextual services in conjunction with the data to which they are attached. The middleware and frame design explicitly incorporates the possibility of discrepancies between the assumptions of ubiquitous-computing software developers and field realities: multiple administrative domains, unavailable service, unavailable software, and missing contextual information. A framework for discovery and authorisation addresses the chaos inherent to the paradigm through the notion of &lt;i&gt;role assertions&lt;/i&gt; acquired dynamically by the user. Each assertion represents service access credentials and contains bootstrapping points for service discovery on behalf of the holding user. A proof-of-concept prototype validates the design, and implements several frames that demonstrate general functionality, including driving discovery queries over multiple service discovery protocols and making equivalences between service types, across discovery protocols.
A Content-aware Fridge based on RFID in smart home for home-healthcare (2009)

With the ever increasing popularity of Radio Frequency Identification, it is easier for us to lead a more convenient and healthier life. In this paper we present a Content-aware Fridge based on RFID to provide several content-aware services to adjust our Eating habits. Especially, for patients, the system is able to inform them to take certain food which is good for their health and print a shopping list intelligently when the stock of fridge is in short. With the food ontology, we analyze the nutrients between the different types of food. And make recommendations on recipe so as to ensure that each of the family members will receive a well-balanced diet.
An Evaluation of the NVIDIA TX1 for Supporting Real-Time Computer-Vision Workloads (2017)

Autonomous vehicles are an exemplar for forward-looking safety-critical real-time systems where significant computing capacity must be provided within strict size, weight, and power (SWaP) limits. A promising way forward in meeting these needs is to leverage multicore platforms augmented with graphics processing units (GPUs) as accelerators. Such an approach is being strongly advocated by NVIDIA, whose Jetson TX1 board is currently a leading multicore+GPU solution marketed for autonomous systems. Unfortunately, no study has ever been published that expressly evaluates the effectiveness of the TX1, or any other comparable platform, in hosting safety-critical real-time workloads. In this paper, such a study is presented. Specifically, the TX1 is evaluated via benchmarking efforts, blackbox evaluations of GPU behavior, and case-study evaluations involving computer-vision workloads inspired by autonomousdriving use cases. Autonomous vehicles are an exemplar for forward-looking safety-critical real-time systems where significant computing capacity must be provided within strict size, weight, and power (SWaP) limits. A promising way forward in meeting these needs is to leverage multicore platforms augmented with graphics processing units (GPUs) as accelerators. Such an approach is being strongly advocated by NVIDIA, whose Jetson TX1 board is currently a leading multicore+GPU solution marketed for autonomous systems. Unfortunately, no study has ever been published that expressly evaluates the effectiveness of the TX1, or any other comparable platform, in hosting safety-critical real-time workloads. In this paper, such a study is presented. Specifically, the TX1 is evaluated via benchmarking efforts, blackbox evaluations of GPU behavior, and case-study evaluations involving computer-vision workloads inspired by autonomous-driving use cases.
Linkage analysis in autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (AR LGMD) maps a sixth form to 5q33-34 (LGMD2F) and indicates that there is at least one more subtype of AR LGMD (1996)

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) represent a clinically heterogeneous group of genetic diseases characterised by progressive weakness of the pelvic and shoulder girdle muscles. An autosomal dominant form (LGMD1A) has been mapped at 5q22.3-31.3, while five genes responsible for the autosomal recessive forms were mapped respectively at: 15q15.1 (LGMD2A), 2p12-p16 (LGMD2B), 13q12 (LGMD2C), 17q12-q21.33 (LGMD2D) and 4q12 (LGMD2E). Among 17 autosomal recessive (AR) LGMD Brazilian families with at least three affected sibs, we were able to exclude four families (one mild and three severe) from all these five known loci as well as from the dystroglycan and syntrophin genes. Therefore, we have performed a genome-wide search in two of the severely affected families, which are alpha-sarcoglycan negative. We demonstrate linkage of these two Duchenne muscular dystrophy-like families to 5q33-34, and propose to classify them as LGMD2F. In addition, linkage analysis in the other two genealogies that are alpha-sarcoglycan positive suggests that there is at least one other gene which causes AR LGMD.
Treating a Nonhealing Wound with Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (2006)

Miller, Michael S. DO, FACOS, FAPWCA, CWS; Whinney, Robert DO, FACOS; McDaniel, Cheryl LPN Author Information
Inhibitory effect of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives on lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase. (1986)

Glycyrrhetinic acid and fifteen derivatives of glycyrrhetinic acid including glycyrrhizin were examined to determine whether they inhibit the lipoxygenase and the cyclooxygenase activities of cloned mastocytoma cells. These compounds were more effective in inhibiting the lipoxygenase than the cyclooxygenase. Of these compounds, the disodium salt of olean-12-ene-3β, 30-diol 3β, 30-di-O-hemiphthalate inhibited 5-lipoxygenase most strongly (ID50, 5.8×10-6 M), whereas the half-inhibition dose for the cyclooxygenase was 5.6×10-5 M. Glycyrrhetinic acid, the aglycone of glycyrrhizin, slightly inhibited the lipoxygenase and the cyclooxygenase at a concentration of 10-4 M but had little effect at 10-5 M. Glycyrrhizin and carbenoxolon sodium showed no detectable inhibition of either enzyme at less than 10-4 M.
The prevalence of Candida albicans populations in the mouths of complete denture wearers. (1998)

Using imprint cultures, the prevalence of oral candidosis and the frequency of isolation of Candida albicans and its density in oral mucosal sites and denture surfaces was determined in 190 healthy dentate subjects and 230 complete denture wearers. Candida colonization was 36.8% and 78.3% in healthy dentate and complete denture wearers patients, respectively. In the healthy dentate subjects the tongue, palate and cheeks, and in complete denture wearers additionally the upper and lower dentures, were the most frequently and densely colonized oral sites. Oral carrier rate and density of C. albicans were both higher in the denture wearers diabetic group than in the control non-diabetic group. Smoking was associated with an increase in the frequency and density of the yeast in denture wearers. Attention to these predisposing factors could reduce the incidence of oral candidosis particularly in immunocompromised patients.
Alpha-Toxin Damages the Air-Blood Barrier of the Lung in a Rat Model ofStaphylococcus aureus-Induced Pneumonia (1999)

We have shown that injury to alveolar epithelial type I cells may account, in part, for damage to the air-blood barrier of the lung in a rat model of Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. We have also shown that alpha-toxin is an important cause of damage to the air-blood barrier; however, our data suggest that the toxin is not acting directly on alveolar type I cells.
Reduction of CT artifacts caused by metallic implants. (1987)

A technique to reduce metallic implant artifacts on computed tomography scans is presented. The implant boundaries are determined semiautomatically; the missing projection data are replaced by linear interpolation. The complete procedure requires 1-2 minutes per scan. Images with greatly improved quality were obtained in the presence of surgical clips and pelvic implants; success is limited in highly structured regions, such as the facial skull.
Altered CXCR3 isoform expression regulates prostate cancer cell migration and invasion (2012)

These data suggest that the aberrant expression of CXCR3A and down-regulation of CXCR3B may switch a progression "stop" to a "go" signal to promote prostate tumor metastasis via stimulating cell migration and invasion.
Pan-zoom coordination in multi-scale pointing (2001)

We report some data from an experiment on multi-scale pointing with right-hand panning and left-hand zooming. We use a new metric derived from Zhai and Milgram [6] to quantify pan-zoom coordination, and we show that two-handed input allows parallelism.
Cloning and sequencing of the 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene from Escherichia coli HB101 and characterization of the expressed enzyme (1991)

The 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.159) gene from Escherichia coli HB101 was cloned and expressed in E. coli DH1. The hybrid plasmid pSD1, with a 2.8-kbp insert of chromosomal DNA at the BamHI site of pBR322, was subcloned into pUC19 to construct plasmid pSD3. The entire nucleotide sequence of an inserted PstI-BamHI fragment of plasmid pSD3 was determined by the dideoxy chain-termination method. Within this sequence, the mature enzyme protein-encoding sequence was found to start at a GTG initiation codon and to comprise 765 bp, as judged by comparison with the protein sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme indicated that the molecular weight is 26,778. The transformant of E. coli DH1 harboring pSD3 with a 1.8-kbp fragment showed about 200-fold-higher enzyme activity than the host. The enzyme was purified by a single chromatography step on DEAE-Toyopearl and obtained as crystals, with an activity yield of 39%. The purified enzyme was homogeneous, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was most active at pH 8.5 and stable between pH 8 and 9. The enzyme was NAD+ dependent and had a pI of 4.3. The molecular mass was estimated to be 120 kDa by the gel filtration method and 28 kDa by electrophoresis, indicating that the enzyme exists in a tetrameric form.
The soft side. (2005)

For true communication between dentist and patient, a dentist must develop behavioral skills (or "soft" skills) in addition to clinical skills. These skills should be utilized at all times but particularly during a patient's initial visit. Educating the patient is mandatory and the dentist should never offer solutions to problems that the patient cannot see, feel, or understand. If these ideas are kept paramount at all times they will become normal operating procedure and not seem artificial. Caring about the patient and remaining committed to technical excellence will go a long way toward the delivery of quality care.
Review article: roles played by 5‐hydroxytryptamine in the physiology of the bowel (1999)

The application of 5-HT to the gut elicits a wide variety of effects because of the expression and wide distribution in the bowel of many subtypes of 5-HT. There is, however, no reason to believe that all of these receptors are stimulated by endogenous 5-HT. 5-HT has been found to be the neurotransmitter of a subset of myenteric interneurons, which evoke a slow excitatory postsynaptic response mediated by 5-HT1P receptors. The major enteric depot of 5-HT is found in mucosal enterochromaffin cells, which are sensory transducers that utilize 5-HT to activate both intrinsic (via 5-HT1P and 5-HT4 receptors) and extrinsic (via 5-HT3 receptors) primary afferent nerves. Mucosal 5-HT is inactivated by uptake into epithelial cells mediated by the same 5-HT transporter utilized by serotonergic neurons. Antagonism of 5-HT3 receptors by compounds such as alosetron should be useful in treating functional bowel disease because they can inhibit excitation of extrinsic sensory nerves by 5-HT without interfering with intrinsic enteric reflexes.
TGF-β in T Cell Biology: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy (2018)

Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-&beta;) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced in large amounts within cancer microenvironments that will ultimately promote neoplastic progression, notably by suppressing the host&rsquo;s T-cell immunosurveillance. This effect is mostly due to the well-known inhibitory effect of TGF-&beta; on T cell proliferation, activation, and effector functions. Moreover, TGF-&beta; subverts T cell immunity by favoring regulatory T-cell differentiation, further reinforcing immunosuppression within tumor microenvironments. These findings stimulated the development of many strategies to block TGF-&beta; or its signaling pathways, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, to restore anti-cancer immunity. Paradoxically, recent studies provided evidence that TGF-&beta; can also promote differentiation of certain inflammatory populations of T cells, such as Th17, Th9, and resident-memory T cells (Trm), which have been associated with improved tumor control in several models. Here, we review current advances in our understanding of the many roles of TGF-&beta; in T cell biology in the context of tumor immunity and discuss the possibility to manipulate TGF-&beta; signaling to improve cancer immunotherapy.
Preliminary Results of Suburothelial Injection of Botulinum A Toxin in the Treatment of Chronic Interstitial Cystitis (2005)

The clinical result of suburothelial botulinum A toxin injection was disappointing. None of the patients was symptom free and only a limited improvement in bladder capacity and pain score was achieved in 2 patients.
Photochemical Cycloaromatization of Non-Benzenoid Enediynes (1999)

An efficient photo-Bergman reaction of aliphatic enediynes has been realized. Photolysis of 1 results in the formation of 4 in good yields along with [D<sub>2</sub> ]3. Enediyne 4, which has never been isolated in the thermal reaction of 1, arises here by a retro-Bergman reaction of the diradical intermediate 2.