gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple Random Sampling from Relational Databases (1986)

Sampling is a fundamental operation for the auditing and statistical analysis of large databases.It is not well supported in existing relational database management systems.We discuss how to obtain samples from the results of relational queries without first performing the query.Specifically, we examine simple random sampling from selections, projections, joins, unions, and intersections.We discuss data structures and algorithms for sampling, and their performance.We show that samples of relational queries can often be computed for a small fraction of the effort of computing the entire relational query, i.e., in time proportional to sample size, rather than time proportional to the size of the full result of the relational query.
Mother’s Caffeine Ingestion Affects Fecundity and Offspring Birth Weight in Murine Models (2017)

Caffeine is the world most popularly consumed legal neurostimulant. It is naturally found in beverage drinks including coffee and tea. It is also artificially added to several soft and energy drinks, as well as medicinal drugs including analgesics. Caffeine itself can be employed for therapeutic purposes. The wide range of caffeine distribution in substances and its popularity in some cultures makes it almost impossible to regulate its consumption. Several people consume caffeine from one or more sources, daily and almost inadvertently. Yet, caffeine ingestion during pregnancy has been reported to have observable effects on female fertility as well as on embryo, foetal and child health. This investigation was conducted to analyse the effect of different doses of caffeine on pregnancy and foetus at birth with emphasis on the number of offspring and morphological parameters. Thirty two (n=32) adult female pregnant mice (Mus musculus) were divided into four groups-Group A as the Control, Group B was administered the low-dose caffeine (10mg/kg body weight), Group C was administered the medium-dose caffeine (50 mg/kg body Original Research Article weight) and Group D was administered the high-dose caffeine (120 mg/kg body weight). Anhydrous caffeine was dissolved in distilled water to achieve the target dosage for each group and animals were administered caffeine daily throughout the period of pregnancy. At birth, the parameters of fecundity were examined especially with respect to the average litter number; total sum of litter weights as well as the average litters' weights across the experimental animal groups. Caffeine significantly affected birth weight of the offspring; treated groups had fewer offspring per birth and lower sum of offspring weights. Caffeine had observable effects on pregnancy and litters in manner that were negative especially at the higher doses.
Effects of Tannic Acid on the Feeding Behaviors of Aphis gossypii (2005)

Artificial diet is often used in the study of pest nutrition, symbiotic bacteria and insecticidal toxins as well as the relationship between plants and pests. With the changeless component that can be repeated, artificial diet offers us a good background to investigate the influence of single chemical factor on pests. At first we should analyze the EPG waveforms on artificial diet by aphids to discern if these waveforms are the same with the waveforms on plants. If special waveforms could be identified, it would be very helpful to investigate the aphid behaviors on artificial diet and the influence on aphid feeding behaviors by chemical factors. As one kind of complex acid, tannic acid was usually found in Ailanthus altissima, Pterocarya stenptera and Azadirachta indica. The influence of tannic acid on aphids had two effects, in quality and quantity. On one way, aphids on tannic acid recognized allelochemicals with receptors. On the other way, aphids lost sensitivities for allelochemicals and toxicity accumulated in aphids. The experiments showed that tannic acid had significant inhibitions to Aphis gossypii on artificial diet. The average probing duration and the total probing time by aphids on artificial diet significantly reduced, but the duration and the number of np (non-penetration) increased. Regarded as the symbol of trying to feed on plants, the occurrence of the pd (potential drop) waveforms on tannic acid by aphids also significantly reduced.
Monomeric gremlin is a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 antagonist (2016)

Angiogenesis plays a key role in various physiological and pathological conditions, including inflammation and tumor growth. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist gremlin has been identified as a novel pro-angiogenic factor. Gremlin promotes neovascular responses via a BMP-independent activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2 (VEGFR2). BMP antagonists may act as covalent or non-covalent homodimers or in a monomeric form, while VEGFRs ligands are usually dimeric. However, the oligomeric state of gremlin and its role in modulating the biological activity of the protein remain to be elucidated.Here we show that gremlin is expressed in vitro and in vivo both as a monomer and as a covalently linked homodimer. Mutagenesis of amino acid residue Cys141 prevents gremlin dimerization leading to the formation of gremlinC141A monomers. GremlinC141A monomer retains a BMP antagonist activity similar to the wild-type dimer, but is devoid of a significant angiogenic capacity. Notably, we found that gremlinC141A mutant engages VEGFR2 in a non-productive manner, thus acting as receptor antagonist. Accordingly, both gremlinC141A and wild-type monomers inhibit angiogenesis driven by dimeric gremlin or VEGF-A165. Moreover, by acting as a VEGFR2 antagonist, gremlinC141A inhibits the angiogenic and tumorigenic potential of murine breast and prostate cancer cells in vivo.In conclusion, our data show that gremlin exists in multiple forms endowed with specific bioactivities and provide new insights into the molecular bases of gremlin dimerization. Furthermore, we propose gremlin monomer as a new inhibitor of VEGFR2 signalling during tumor growth.
Preparation, characterization, and immunogenicity of meningococcal lipooligosaccharide-derived oligosaccharide-protein conjugates (1993)

A method was developed for coupling carboxylic acid-containing oligosaccharides (OS) to proteins. An OS was isolated from Neisseria meningitidis group A strain A1 lipooligosaccharide (LOS). This LOS has no human glycolipid-like lacto-N-neotetraose structure and contains multiple immunotypes, including L8, found in group B and C strains. The carboxylic acid at 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid of the OS was linked through adipic acid dihydrazide to tetanus toxoid. The molar ratio of the OS to tetanus toxoid in three conjugates ranged from 11:1 to 19:1. The antigenicity of the OS was conserved in these conjugates, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an inhibition ELISA with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to A1 LOS. These conjugates induced immunoglobulin G antibodies to A1 LOS in mice and rabbits. The immunogenicity of the conjugates in rabbits was enhanced by use of monophosphoryl lipid A plus trehalose dimycolate as an adjuvant. The resulting rabbit antisera cross-reacted with most of 12 prototype LOSs and with LOSs from two group B disease strains, 44/76 and BB431, in an ELISA and in Western blotting (immunoblotting), which revealed a 3.6-kDa reactive band in these LOSs. The rabbit antisera showed bactericidal activity against homologous strain A1 and heterologous strains 44/76 and BB431. These results indicate that conjugates derived from A1 LOS can induce antibodies against many LOS immunotypes from different organism serogroups, including group B. OS-protein conjugates derived from meningococcal LOSs may therefore be candidate vaccines to prevent meningitis caused by meningococci.
Calibration procedure for short focal length off-the-shelf CCD cameras (1996)

A camera calibration procedure intended for a 3D measurement application is presented, paying attention to the various error sources. The error may be measurement noise that is random by nature, but it may also be systematic originating from the calibration target used, geometrical distortions and illumination. In order to obtain good calibration results, the systematic error sources should be eliminated or their effects compensated for. Then, the camera parameters can be determined by fitting the corrected measurements to the camera model which in our case is a combination of a pinhole camera and lens distortion models. We also notice that a more complete camera model is needed to explain all the error components.
WARRP (Wide Aperture Reflection and Refraction Profiling): The principle of successful data acquisition where conventional seismic fails (1999)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999WARRP (Wide Aperture Reflection and Refraction Profiling): The principle of successful data acquisition where conventional seismic failsAuthors: Jannis MakrisFrank EgloffRoland RihmJannis MakrisInstitut für Geophysik, Univ. Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, Frank EgloffGeoPro GmbH, St. Annenufer 2, 20457 Hamburg, Germany, and Roland RihmGeoPro GmbH, St. Annenufer 2, 20457 Hamburg, Germanyhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821279 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821279FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By3D Seismic Acquisition Technology and Effect in HX Volcanic Area in Liaohe DepressionInternational Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 07, No. 07Crustal structure of the southeastern Iceland-Faeroe Ridge (IFR) from wide aperture seismic dataJournal of Geodynamics, Vol. 37, No. 2The Wide Angle Seismic Wave Field Analysis and Imaging Method below the High Velocity Shield Layers31 May 2013 | Chinese Journal of Geophysics, Vol. 47, No. 1 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1999 Pages: 2061 publication data© 1999 Copyright © 1999 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Jannis Makris, Frank Egloff, and Roland Rihm, (1999), "WARRP (Wide Aperture Reflection and Refraction Profiling): The principle of successful data acquisition where conventional seismic fails," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 989-992. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821279 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Allosteric Modulation of G Protein–Coupled Receptors (2006)

The past decade has witnessed a significant growth in the identification of allosteric modulators of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), i.e., ligands that interact with binding sites that are topographically distinct from the orthosteric site recognized by the receptor's endogenous agonist. Because of their ability to modulate receptor conformations in the presence of orthosteric ligand, allosteric modulators can "fine-tune" classical pharmacological responses. This is advantageous in terms of a potential for engendering greater GPCR subtype-selectivity, but represents a significant challenge for detecting and validating allosteric behaviors. Although allosteric sites need not have evolved to accommodate endogenous ligands, there are a number of examples of where such modulators have been shown to contribute to physiological or pathophysiological processes. Studies are also beginning to unravel the structural basis of allosteric modulation of GPCRs. It remains to be determined whether such modulation represents interactions within monomers versus across dimers.
Human leukaemic stem cells: a novel target of therapy (2004)

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a life-threatening haematopoietic disease that is characterized by clonal growth and the accumulation of myelopoietic progenitor cells. Although AML cells only have a limited potential to undergo differentiation and maturation, each AML clone is organized in a hierarchical manner similar to normal haematopoiesis. Recent data have shown that each AML clone consists of leukaemic stem cells and their progeny, and that AML stem cells differ from more mature cells in several aspects, including survival and target antigen profiles. Most importantly, AML stem cells, but not their progeny, have the capacity to repopulate haematopoietic tissues with leukaemias in NOD/SCID mice. Furthermore, AML stem cells are thought to be responsible for the infinite growth of leukaemias in patients with AML. The phenotypic properties of AML stem cells have also been described. In most cases, these cells are detectable within the CD34+, CD38-, Lin-, CD123+ subpopulation of AML cells. Because of their AML-initiating and -renewing capacity and their unique phenotype, which includes several molecular targets of drug therapy, AML stem cells have recently been proposed as novel important target cell populations in the context of curative therapies. The present article gives an overview of our knowledge about AML stem cells, their phenotype, and their role as a 'therapy-target' in new concepts to treat and to cure patients with AML.
High-resolution mapping and analysis of copy number variations in the human genome: A data resource for clinical and research applications (2009)

We present a database of copy number variations (CNVs) detected in 2026 disease-free individuals, using high-density, SNP-based oligonucleotide microarrays. This large cohort, comprised mainly of Caucasians (65.2%) and African-Americans (34.2%), was analyzed for CNVs in a single study using a uniform array platform and computational process. We have catalogued and characterized 54,462 individual CNVs, 77.8% of which were identified in multiple unrelated individuals. These nonunique CNVs mapped to 3272 distinct regions of genomic variation spanning 5.9% of the genome; 51.5% of these were previously unreported, and >85% are rare. Our annotation and analysis confirmed and extended previously reported correlations between CNVs and several genomic features such as repetitive DNA elements, segmental duplications, and genes. We demonstrate the utility of this data set in distinguishing CNVs with pathologic significance from normal variants. Together, this analysis and annotation provides a useful resource to assist with the assessment of CNVs in the contexts of human variation, disease susceptibility, and clinical molecular diagnostics.
Evaluating triggers and enhancers of tau fibrillization (2005)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized in part by the aggregation of tau protein into filamentous inclusions. Because tau filaments form in brain regions associated with memory retention, and because their appearance correlates well with the degree of dementia, they have emerged as robust markers of disease progression. Yet the discovery that mutations in tau protein can lead directly to filament and tangle formation in humans, and that filament formation is linked to neurodegeneration in model biological systems, suggests that tau aggregation may also contribute directly to degeneration in affected neurons. In this context, the mechanism of tau filament formation and its modulation by mutation and posttranslational modification is of fundamental importance. Here, recent progress on the molecular mechanisms underlying tau aggregation deduced from in vivo and in vitro experimentation is reviewed and a model rationalizing the effect of posttranslational and other structural modifications on assembly kinetics and thermodynamics is presented. We hypothesize that tau aggregation can be described as a heterogeneous nucleation reaction, where exogenous effectors, tau gene mutations, or other modifications that stabilize assembly-competent conformations of tau act to trigger the fibrillization reaction. In contrast, those that modulate postnuclear equilibria can enhance fibrillization by increasing the free energy difference between polymers and unincorporated monomers, resulting in stabilization of filaments at low bulk protein concentrations.
A Two-Component Enhancer-Inhibitor Transposon Mutagenesis System for Functional Analysis of the Arabidopsis Genome (1999)

A modified Enhancer-Inhibitor transposon system was used to generate a series of mutant lines by single-seed descent such that multiple I insertions occurred per plant. The distribution of original insertions in the population was assessed by isolating transposon-flanking DNA, and a database of insertion sites was created. Approximately three-quarters of the identified insertion sites show similarity to sequences stored in public databases, which demonstrates the power of this regimen of insertional mutagenesis. To isolate insertions in specific genes, we developed three-dimensional pooling and polymerase chain reaction strategies that we then validated by identifying mutants for the regulator genes APETALA1 and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS. The system then was used to identify inserts in a class of uncharacterized genes involved in lipid biosynthesis; one such insertion conferred a fiddlehead mutant phenotype.
Detection of Amyloid-&#946; Aggregates in Body Fluids: A Suitable Method for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimers Disease? (2009)

Today, the most reliable diagnosis for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the post mortem identification of amyloid plaques, consisting of the Amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide, (and neurofibrillary tangles) in the brain of the patient. Great efforts are being made to identify reliable biomarkers for AD that are suitable for minimal invasive early diagnosis and prognosis of AD. During the past years, body fluids of AD patients were assayed for their content of total or soluble Abeta(1-40) or Abeta(1-42) concentrations using classical (ELISA) or non-classical (with additional signal amplification) read-out. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of soluble Abeta(1-42) are reduced by 40 to 50 % in AD patients compared to age-matched healthy controls as confirmed in more than 30 studies, with both sensitivity and specificity exceeding 80 % in most of the studies. Thus, it was suggested that low levels of CSF Abeta(1-42) might be useful for preclinical diagnosis. Because the current average sensitivity of AD biomarker detection in the CSF is approximately 85 %, these assays do not offer a considerable increase in predictive value over existing algorithms based on neuropsychological and imaging modalities. Regarding the amyloid cascade hypothesis, Abeta oligomers and aggregates are directly involved in the pathogenic process. Therefore, presence of Abeta aggregates seem to be the most direct disease biomarker for AD and increasing effort is being made into the development of methods suitable for the detection of different Abeta aggregates in body fluids like CSF and plasma. We therefore give an overview of the current state of Abeta aggregate specific detection.
Three-Dimensional Integration Approach to High-Density Memory Devices (2011)

The three-dimensionally alternating integration of stackable logic devices with memory cells represents a revolutionary approach to the fabrication of extremely high density memory devices. Conventional silicon-based memory devices face impending limits if they are progressively scaled toward smaller-sized features. Here, we present a high-density memory architecture that utilizes electronically active oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) combined with memory elements such as vertical NAND and resistive random access memory devices. High-mobility [~μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">saturation</sub> of 20 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /(eV·s)] oxide TFTs with amorphous Hf-In-Zn-O performs fairly well as a decoder, a driver, a sense amplifier, and a latch, and the core elements that are required for 3-D logic circuits. With these logic circuit elements, memory density can be considerably increased up to tens of terabits due to the significantly reduced interconnection lines and logic circuit areas in the bottom silicon layer. This approach can serve as a useful strategy for the development of high-density memory devices.
Up‐regulation of stromal cell–derived factor 1 (CXCL12) production in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts through interactions with T lymphocytes: Role of interleukin‐17 and CD40L–CD40 interaction (2007)

SDF-1 is overproduced in RA FLS, and IL-17 could up-regulate the expression of SDF-1 in RA FLS via pathways mediated by PI 3-kinase, NF-kappaB, and AP-1. Our findings suggest that inhibition of the interaction between IL-17 from T cells and SDF-1 in FLS may provide a new therapeutic approach in RA.
Pulmonary Vein Anatomy in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (2003)

This study demonstrates that AF patient have larger PVs than control subjects and demonstrates the value of MRI in facilitating AF ablation. The benefits of preprocedural MRI of PVs include the ability to evaluate the number, size, and shape of the PVs. MRI also provides an assessment of the severity of PV stenosis.
Phenobarbital rheumatism in patients with brain tumor (1989)

We reviewed the charts of 429 patients with primary brain tumors treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center to determine the frequency, clinical characteristics, and provocative factors involved in the development of the shoulder-hand syndrome. Five percent (20/429) of patients developed this syndrome, which was strongly associated with phenobarbital use (p less than 0.0001) and often produced more short-term disability than the brain tumor itself.
Azelastine in the Treatment and Prevention of Seasonal Grass Pollinosis. (1991)

Azelastine was administered to 36 patients with grass pollinosis (timothy and orchard grass) for prevention and treatment.In the patients who started before the beginning of the pollen season, azelastine was very effective, and the rate of prevention of nasal and ocular symptoms of allergy was over 90%. When azelastine treatment was initiated after the onset of allergic symptoms the rate of improvement was not so high.Side effects appeared in only 3 patients (8.3%), mainly somnolence.These results indicate that azelastine therapy before the beginning of the pollen season is a useful method to prevent the symptoms of grass pollinosis.
Growth Hormone Secretory Patterns in Young, Middle-Aged and Old Female Rats (1987)

Pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion was compared in young (5 months), middle-aged (11 months) and old (25–29 months) female Sprague-Dawley rats under nonanesthetized, free-moving conditions. Mean plasma GH levels were 99.1 ± 9.3 ng/ml in young rats, 56.3 ± 5.8 ng/ml in middle-aged rats and 49.7 ± 4.9 ng/ml in old rats (p < 0.01 for young vs. middle-aged and old rats). In young females, 10 out of 17 rats had GH pulses with peak levels greater than 200 ng/ml, in 6 middle-aged females all GH peaks were below 200 ng/ml, and in old females 13 out of 17 rats showed GH peaks of less than 100 ng/ml. The average peak (amplitude) of GH pulses in the old rats (69.3 ± 8.3 ng/ml) was lower than in the young rats (130.4 ± 17.5 ng/ml, p < 0.01) and somewhat lower than in the middle-aged rats (87.0 ± 8.9 ng/ml). There was no change in intervals between GH pulses. Pituitary GH content in middle-aged and old females (1,189 ± 60 and 1,100 ± 89 µg, respectively) was significantly lower (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) than in young female rats (1,464 ± 76 µg). Somatostatin content in the median eminence of old rats (22.4 ± 1.9 ng) was significantly lower than in young rats (28.5 ± 1.6 ng, p < 0.05). It is concluded that GH secretion is reduced in aging female rats, but unlike in aging male rats the decrease is seen at an earlier age. This may account for the relatively early body growth stasis observed in female but not in male rats. Among the possible causes for the decline in GH secretion with aging in these rats are an increase in somatostatin release and a decrease in GHRH release, associated with a reduction in hypothalamic catecholamine activity.