gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of type II activin receptor genes during differentiation of human K562 cells and cDNA cloning of the human type IIB activin receptor (1994)

Recent studies have indicated that activin A/erythroid differentiation factor is a physiologic hematopoietic growth and differentiation factor mainly for cells of the erythroid lineage. We studied the expression of the two type II activin receptor mRNAs during the differentiation of K562 erythroleukemic cells, which are known to be induced toward the erythroid lineage in response to activin or toward the megakaryoblastic lineage by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The cDNA of the human activin receptor type IIB (hActR-IIB) was cloned and sequenced from two RNA sources, the K562 cells and the human fetal brain, which is, of the tissues screened by Northern blot analysis, the most abundant source of ActR-IIB RNA. The cDNA encodes a predicted 512 amino acid protein containing an extracellular ligand binding domain, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and an intracellular serine/threonine kinase domain. The amino acid sequence is 99.2% and 98.4% homologous in the coding region to the previously described mouse and rat ActR-IIB2s, respectively, and 69% identical to the other human activin serine/threonine kinase receptor, hActR-II. The alternative splicing events in the juxtamembrane region previously reported for the respective mouse receptor were not observed during the processing of K562 cell and human fetal brain RNA. Northern analysis showed that the 10- and 2.5-kb transcripts of hActR-IIB are more abundantly expressed than the 6.0- and 3.0-kb transcripts of hActR-II in K562 cells. No changes in the steady-state levels of hActR-II and IIB mRNAs were detected upon differentiation of K562 cells by activin A or by PMA. Similarly, the receptor mRNA levels remained constant in HL-60 cells induced to either monocyte/macrophage or granulocyte-like cells by PMA or dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively. Thus, the mRNA expression levels of both receptors apparently do not correlate with the differentiation status of these cells.
Cellular Localization of Human Kininogens (1992)

An immunocytochemical screening using polyclonal and monoclonal antikininogen antibodies was performed in various human tissues including blood cells. By comparing the spatial relationship between the cellular localizations of tissue kallikrein and kininogens it was evident that in some tissues both enzyme and substrate were present establishing a close anatomical relationship whereas in others only one of the components could be detected. This pattern of distribution suggests that within various tissues (cells) the major function of either tissue kallikrein (kininogenase, processing enzyme) or kininogen (kinin precursor, cysteine protease inhibitor, kallikrein acceptor molecule) could be different and probably specific to each cell type.
Potential Behavior of Biochemically Modified Gold Electrode for Extended-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (2005)

We propose potentiometric detection of biomolecules using an extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET). Using a gold film electrode as the extended gate, the stability of the interface potential was characterized for a shift and a drift, and found to depend on the surface roughness of the gold electrode. The surface of the gold film was coated with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of various types of alkanethiol molecules with functional sites such as amino groups, carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups and oligonucleotides. In all the alkanethiol molecules, the interface potential decreased drastically just after the introduction of each molecule because of the negative charges of thiol groups in aqueous solutions. Moreover, the complementary target deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been introduced to the gold electrode modified with oligonucleotide probes and hybridized with them. The interface potential shifted in the negative direction due to the negative charges of the target DNA. Thus, the charge density change due to DNA hybridization as well as the adsorption of alkanethiol molecules on the gold electrode could be successfully detected using the biochemically modified EGFET.
Matrix GLA Protein Function in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells: Inhibition of BMP2-Induced Calcification Process (2006)

MGP protein is active and functions as an inhibitor of BMP2-induced ALP activity in the HTM cells. The human TM may undergo a calcification process with age. Inhibition of the calcification mechanism mediated by MGP could be used to regulate resistance and elevated IOP.
Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Bulk Glassy Cu-Zr-Ti-(Nb, Ta) Alloys (2002)

Bulk glassy Cu–Zr–Ti base alloys containing a small amount of Nb or Ta were found to exhibit high strength combined with significant plastic elongation. The glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tx) and ΔTx(=Tx−Tg) of the Cu-based bulk glassy alloys are in the range of 719 to 731 K, 765 to 769 K and 46 to 44 K, respectively, for the Nb-containing alloy and 716 to 741 K, 752 to 780 K and 44 to 34 K, respectively, for the Ta-containing alloy. With increasing Nb or Ta content to 3 at% for the (Cu0.6Zr0.3Ti0.1)100−xMx alloys, the Young’s modulus, yield strength and compressive fracture strength increase from 114 to 121 GPa, 1785 to 2010 MPa and 2150 to 2250 MPa, respectively, and the plastic elongation shows a maximum of 1.8% at 1%Nb and 3.4% at 1%Ta. The 1%Ta alloy exhibited good combination of high fracture strength of 2250 MPa and large total elongation of 5.4%. The effectiveness of additional Nb or Ta on the increase in elongation and fracture strength is presumably due to the mixed state of atomic pairs with attractive and repulsive bonding natures among the constituent elements with significantly different atomic size mismatches. The success of forming the bulk glassy alloys with high strength and significant elongation is encouraging for future applications as high-strength type materials.
Increased susceptibility of cord blood B lymphocytes to undergo spontaneous apoptosis (2006)

In this study, we compared the rate of spontaneous apoptosis of B cells from umbilical cord blood with adult B cells and assessed the role of Bcl-2, CD5, interleukin (IL)-4 and B cell-activating factor in B cell spontaneous apoptosis. We found that spontaneous apoptosis of cultured B cells, as assessed by utilizing annexin-V binding, was significantly higher in cord blood than in healthy adult individuals (77.5; 95 CI, 73.5-81.5 versus 59.2; 95 CI, 54-64, respectively, P < 0.0001) and further confirmed by 4' 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining. Whereas the expression of B cell-activating factor from the tumour necrosis factor family (BAFF) receptor mRNA was similar in B cells from adults and cord blood, we detected lower levels of circulating BAFF in the serum of cord blood (0.68 +/- 0.13 ng versus 1.83 +/- 0.54 ng, P = 0.01). The latter may explain, in part, our observation of lower levels of mean fluorescence intensity of Bcl-2 in cord B cells compared with adults (1.6 +/- 0.9 versus 2.85 +/- 1.3, P = 0.033). CD19(+) CD5(+) B cells from cord blood underwent a lower rate of apoptosis in comparison to CD19(+) CD5(-) B cells (25.1 +/- 9.3%versus 58.5 +/- 12.5%, P < 0.0001). This pattern of sensitivity was comparable in adult blood (15 +/- 5.5%versus 22.7 +/- 9.3%, P = 0.01). Nevertheless, the rate of apoptosis was higher in CD19(+) CD5(+) from cord blood compared to CD19(+) CD5(+) from adults (25.1 +/- 9.3%versus 15 +/- 5.5%, P = 0.0013). The addition of rIL-4 (10 u/ml) to cultured cells decreased B cell apoptosis in a similar fashion in both cord and adults blood. This rescue was strengthened when BAFF (100 microg/ml) was further added. Thus, alterations in Bcl-2 or serum BAFF level may explain the increased rate of cord blood B cell apoptosis.
Explanation structures in XSEL (1985)

Article Free AccessExplanation structures in XSEL Share on Author: Karen Kukich Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburg, PA Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburg, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACL '85: Proceedings of the 23rd annual meeting on Association for Computational LinguisticsJuly 1985 Pages 228–237https://doi.org/10.3115/981210.981238Online:08 July 1985Publication History 4citation228DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads228Last 12 Months62Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Transforming Growth Factor β1:  Three-Dimensional Structure in Solution and Comparison with the X-ray Structure of Transforming Growth Factor β2, (1996)

The three-dimensional solution structure of human transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) has been determined using multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a hybrid distance geometry/simulated annealing algorithm. It represents one of the first examples of a mammalian protein structure that has been solved by isotopic labeling of the protein in a eukaryotic cell line and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The solution structure of the 25 kDa disulfide-linked TGF-β1 homodimer was calculated from over 3200 distance and dihedral angle restraints. The final ensemble of 33 accepted structures had no NOE or dihedral angle violations greater than 0.30 Å and 5.0°, respectively. The RMSD of backbone atoms for the ensemble of 33 structures relative to their mean structure was 1.1 Å when all residues were used in the alignment and 0.7 Å when loop regions were omitted. The solution structure of TGF-β1 follows two independently determined crystal structures of TGF-β2 (Daopin et al., 1992, 1993; Schlunegger & Grütter, 1992, 1993), providing the first opportunity to examine structural differences between the two isoforms at the molecular level. Although the structures are very similar, with an RMSD in backbone atom positions of 1.4 Å when loop regions are omitted in the alignment and 1.9 Å when all residues are considered, there are several notable differences in structure and flexibility which may be related to function. The clearest example of these is in the β-turn from residues 69−72: the turn type found in the solution structure of TGF-β1 falls into the category of type II, whereas that present in the X-ray crystal structure of TGF-β2 is more consistent with a type I turn conformation. This may be of functional significance as studies using TGF-β chimeras and deletion mutants indicate that this portion of the molecule may be important in receptor binding.
Long-Range Interocular Suppression in Adults with Strabismic Amblyopia: A Pilot fMRI Study (2019)

Interocular suppression plays an important role in the visual deficits experienced by individuals with amblyopia. Most neurophysiological and functional MRI studies of suppression in amblyopia have used dichoptic stimuli that overlap within the visual field. However, suppression of the amblyopic eye also occurs when the dichoptic stimuli do not overlap, a phenomenon we refer to as long-range suppression. We used functional MRI to test the hypothesis that long-range suppression reduces neural activity in V1, V2 and V3 in adults with amblyopia, indicative of an early, active inhibition mechanism. Five adults with amblyopia and five controls viewed monocular and dichoptic quadrant stimuli during fMRI. Three of five participants with amblyopia experienced complete perceptual suppression of the quadrants presented to their amblyopic eye under dichoptic viewing. The blood oxygen level dependant (BOLD) responses within retinotopic regions corresponding to amblyopic and fellow eye stimuli were analyzed for response magnitude, time to peak, effective connectivity and stimulus classification. Dichoptic viewing slightly reduced the BOLD response magnitude in amblyopic eye retinotopic regions in V1 and reduced the time to peak response; however, the same effects were also present in the non-dominant eye of controls. Effective connectivity was unaffected by suppression, and the results of a classification analysis did not differ significantly between the control and amblyopia groups. Overall, we did not observe a neural signature of long-range amblyopic eye suppression in V1, V2 or V3 using functional MRI in this initial study. This type of suppression may involve higher level processing areas within the brain.
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 39) (2011)

ABSTRACT Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since July 2011 are reviewed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Constitutive and Inducible Expression of B7 Family of Ligands by Human Airway Epithelial Cells (2005)

Activated T cells have been implicated in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma and physically interact with epithelial cells in the airways. We now report that human airway epithelial cells display significant constitutive cell-surface expression of costimulatory ligands, B7-H1, B7-H2, B7-H3, and B7-DC. Expression of B7-H1 and B7-DC was selectively induced by stimulation of either BEAS2B or primary nasal epithelial cells (PNEC) with interferon (IFN)-gamma (100 ng/ml). The combination of IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (100 ng/ml) selectively induced expression better than IFN-gamma alone. Fluticasone treatment (10(-7) M) reduced the baseline expression and inhibited the induction of B7-H1 and B7-DC in BEAS2B cells. In vitro exposure of PNEC to IFN-gamma also resulted in selective induction of B7-H1 and B7-DC. Monoclonal antibody blockade of B7-H1 or B7-DC enhanced IFN-gamma expression by purified T cells in co-culture experiments, suggesting that these two B7 homologs inhibit T cell responses at the mucosal surface. Immunohistochemical staining of human sinonasal surgical tissue confirmed the presence of B7-H1, B7-H2, and B7-H3 in the epithelial cell layer, especially in samples from patients diagnosed with Samter's Triad, a severe form of CRS. Real-time PCR analysis of sinonasal tissue revealed elevated levels of B7-H1 and B7-DC in CRS compared with controls. These results demonstrate that epithelial cells express functional B7 costimulatory molecules and that expression of selected B7 family members is inducible in vitro and in vivo. Epithelial B7 homologs could play a role in regulation of lymphocytic activity at mucosal surfaces.
Syntheseversuche in der Reihe der 3.6‐Epidithio‐2.5‐dioxo‐piperazin‐Antibiotika Gliotoxin, Sporidesmin, Aranotin und Chaetocin, II (1971)

Abstract cis ‐3.6‐Dimercapto‐2.5‐dioxo‐1.4‐dimethyl‐piperazin ( 9 ) wurde durch stereospezifische Synthese aus 3.6‐Dibrom‐2.5‐dioxo‐1.4‐dimethyl‐piperazin ( 2 ) unbekannter Konfiguration über die Reduktion des Epitetrasulfids 5 hergestellt. Die cis ‐Struktur wird durch Umwandlung in das Epitetrasulfid 5 und das Dithiocarbonat 7 bewiesen. Durch Grenzflächendehydrierung im System CHCl 3 /H 2 O‐KJ 3 erhielt man aus dem Dimercaptan 9 das Epidisulfid 8 mit dem charakteristischen Strukturmerkmal der antiviralen Antibiotika.
A wireless microwave sensor for remote monitoring of heart and respiration activity (2010)

The aim of this paper is to present a new microwave contactless sensor for heartbeat and respiration activities. The system is operating on 9 GHz. It's composed of two parts: a hardware one based on Doppler radar with a Digital Multimeter, and a software one based on the acquisition of the signals and the separation of the 2 informations of heartbeat and respiratory signals using simple filtering method with Labview.
CDD: a database of conserved domain alignments with links to domain three-dimensional structure (2002)

The Conserved Domain Database (CDD) is a compilation of multiple sequence alignments representing protein domains conserved in molecular evolution. It has been populated with alignment data from the public collections Pfam and SMART, as well as with contributions from colleagues at NCBI. The current version of CDD (v.1.54) contains 3693 such models. CDD alignments are linked to protein sequence and structure data in Entrez. The molecular structure viewer Cn3D serves as a tool to interactively visualize alignments and three-dimensional structure, and to link three-dimensional residue coordinates to descriptions of evolutionary conservation. CDD can be accessed on the World Wide Web at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cdd.shtml. Protein query sequences may be compared against databases of position-specific score matrices derived from alignments in CDD, using a service named CD-Search, which can be found at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi. CD-Search runs reverse-position-specific BLAST (RPS-BLAST), a variant of the widely used PSI-BLAST algorithm. CD-Search is run by default for protein-protein queries submitted to NCBI's BLAST service at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST.
Towards optimal design of second-generation immunomodulatory oligonucleotides. (2002)

The goal of using of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing CpG dinucleotides (CpG DNA) as immunomodulatory agents has been realized in recent years. Therapeutic applications of CpG DNA as monotherapies and as adjuvants in combination with vaccines, antibodies, antigens and allergens for a number of disease indications are rapidly expanding, and the safety and efficacy of several first-generation CpG DNA agents are being evaluated in human clinical trials. The biological effects of CpG DNA have been known for two decades; however, only recently has a specific receptor(s) that recognizes CpG DNA and activates immune cascade been identified. A number of sequence and structural characteristics of CpG DNA and chemical modifications that influence immunostimulatory activity have been identified. In this article we summarize the recent progress in understanding the structural and chemical characteristics of CpG DNA that are significant for molecular recognition. In addition, we describe the design of second-generation CpG DNA agents, and clinical applications of first-generation agents.
Identification of Immunogenic and Virulence-Associated Campylobacter jejuni Proteins (2011)

With the aim of identifying proteins important for host interaction and virulence, we have screened an expression library of NCTC 11168 Campylobacter jejuni genes for highly immunogenic proteins. A commercial C. jejuni open reading frame (ORF) library consisting of more than 1,600 genes was transformed into the Escherichia coli expression strain BL21(DE3), resulting in 2,304 clones. This library was subsequently screened for immunogenic proteins using antibodies raised in rabbit against a clinical isolate of C. jejuni; this resulted in 52 highly reactive clones representing 25 different genes after sequencing. Selected candidate genes were inactivated in C. jejuni NCTC 11168, and the virulence was examined using INT 407 epithelial cell line and motility, biofilm, autoagglutination, and serum resistance assays. These investigations revealed C. jejuni antigen 0034c (Cj0034c) to be a novel virulence factor and support the usefulness of the method. Further, several antigens were tested as vaccine candidates in two mouse models, in which Cj0034c, Cj0404, and Cj0525c resulted in a reduction of invasion in spleen and liver after challenge.
Polarization-maintaining fibers and their applications (1986)

Polarization-maintaining fibers and their applications are reviewed. The classification of high-birefringent fibers and low-birefringent fibers and their fabrication methods and characteristics are discussed in Section II. Analytical methods and numerical methods for fiber design on the birefringence are presented in Section III. Degradation factors of polarization maintenance expressed as crosstalk or mode-coupling parameters caused by internal origins such as structural imperfections, wavelength, and nonlinear effects, and by external origins such as temperature fluctuations, mechanical perturbations, and electromagnetic effects, are discussed in Section IV. Characterization methods on beat length, mode coupling, stress distribution, and mechanical strength are presented in Section V. Applications to the fiber devices and nonlinear effects, and splicing methods for the polarization-maintaining fibers are described in Sections VI and VII.
CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Stimulate Protective Innate Immunity against Pulmonary Klebsiella Infection (2004)

Bacterial pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality in the United States. Innate immune responses, including type-1 cytokine production, are critical to the effective clearance of bacterial pathogens from the lung. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotide motifs (CpG ODN), which mimic the effects of bacterial DNA, have been shown to enhance type-1 cytokine responses during infection due to intracellular pathogens, resulting in enhanced microbial clearance. The role of CpG ODN in modulating protective innate immunity against extracellular pathogens is unknown. Using a murine model of Gram-negative pneumonia, we found that CpG ODN administration stimulated protective immunity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Specifically, intratracheal (i.t.) administration of CpG ODN (30 microg) 48 h before i.t. K. pneumoniae challenge resulted in increased survival, compared with animals pretreated with control ODN or saline. Pretreatment with CpG ODN resulted in enhanced bacterial clearance in lung and blood, and higher numbers of pulmonary neutrophils, NKT cells, gammadelta-T cells, and activated NK1.1+ cells and gammadelta-T lymphocytes during infection. Furthermore, pretreatment with CpG ODN enhanced the production of TNF-alpha, and type-1 cytokines, including IL-12, IFN-gamma, and the IFN-gamma-dependent ELR- CXC chemokines IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 and monokine induced by IFN-gamma in response to Klebsiella challenge, compared with control mice. These findings indicate that i.t. administration of CpG ODN can stimulate multiple components of innate immunity in the lung, and may form the basis for novel therapies directed at enhancing protective immune responses to severe bacterial infections of the lung.