gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
InGaAsP/InP quantum-well electrorefractive modulators with sub-volt Vpi (2004)

Advanced analog-optical sensor, signal processing and communication systems could benefit significantly from wideband (DC to > 50 GHz) optical modulators having both low half-wave voltage (Vpi) and low optical insertion loss. An important figure-of-merit for modulators used in analog applications is Tmax/Vpi, where Tmax is the optical transmission of the modulator when biased for maximum transmission. Candidate electro-optic materials for realizing these modulators include lithium niobate (LiNbO3), polymers, and semiconductors, each of which has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, we report the development of 1.5-um-wavelength Mach-Zehnder modulators utilizing the electrorefractive effect in InGaAsP/InP symmetric, uncoupled semiconductor quantum-wells. Modulators with 1-cm-long, lumped-element electrodes are found to have a push-pull Vpi of 0.9V (Vpi*L = 9 V-mm) and 18-dB fiber-to-fiber insertion loss (Tmax/Vpi = 0.018). Fabry-Perot cutback measurements reveal a waveguide propagation loss of 7 dB/cm and a waveguide-to-fiber coupling loss of 5 dB/facet. The relatively high propagation loss results from a combination of below-bandedge absorption and scattering due to waveguide-sidewall roughness. Analyses show that most of the coupling loss can be eliminated though the use of monolithically integrated inverted-taper optical-mode converters, thereby allowing these modulators to exceed the performance of commercial LiNbO3 modulators (Tmax/Vpi ~ 0.1). We also report the analog modulation characteristics of these modulators.
Novel polymorphisms in prostate specific antigen gene and its association with prostate cancer. (2001)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is now used widely for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with prostate cancer. The PSA gene is a target of the androgen receptor (AR) which interacts with androgen response elements (AREs) in the PSA gene promoter. Recently, we identified two novel polymorphisms in the PSA promoter ARE2 region in breast cancer. We hypothesized that some genetic variations might also exist in the AREs of prostate cancer, and that feature might correlate with cancer development and/or progression. To test this hypothesis, three AREs of the PSA gene promoter were characterized for 47 prostate cancer cases and 105 controls from the Japanese population. We demonstrated the presence of two polymorphisms at positions -252 (G or A) and -205 (A or AA), which were the same as those we have found in breast cancer. Interestingly, the -252 A was linked with the presence of -205 AA, and the -252 G was always linked with the presence of -205 A. Therefore, only A-AA and G-A (-252--205) alleles were present in the Japanese population. The proportion of patients who were either heterozygotes or homozygotes for the A-AA allele was not significantly different from that observed among 105 individuals without cancer (p = 0.726). However, comparing with G-A allele homozygotes, prostate cancer patients carrying at least 1 A-AA alleles tended to exhibit high serum PSA levels (p = 0.0002), poor differentiation (p = 0.0149) and advanced clinical stage (p = 0.0077). These results suggest that the novel polymorphisms identified in the PSA gene promoter may affect transcriptional activity of the PSA gene, and an excess of PSA production may enhance rapid progression of prostate cancer.
Short‐term safety and pharmacokinetic profile of asenapine in older patients with psychosis (2011)

Despite 12-30% increases in asenapine C(max) and AUC(0-12) in older patients compared with previously published findings in younger schizophrenia patients, possibly as a result of slower drug clearance, asenapine was generally well tolerated during both dose-escalation schedules. No dose adjustment appears to be necessary in older patients.
Clinical outcomes and rotational stability of a 4-haptic toric intraocular lens in myopic eyes (2014)

No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
A review of algorithms for perceptual coding of digital audio signals (2002)

Considerable research has been devoted to the development of algorithms for perceptually transparent coding of high-fidelity (CD-quality) digital audio. As a result, many algorithms have been proposed and several have now become international and/or commercial product standards. This paper reviews algorithms for perceptually transparent coding of CD-quality digital audio, including both research and standardization activities. First, psychoacoustic principles are described with the MPEG psychoacoustic signal analysis model 1 discussed in some detail. Then, we review methodologies which achieve perceptually transparent coding of FM- and CD-quality audio signals, including algorithms which manipulate transform components and subband signal decompositions. The discussion concentrates on architectures and applications of those techniques which utilize psychoacoustic models to exploit efficiently masking characteristics of the human receiver. Several algorithms which have become international and/or commercial standards are also presented, including the ISO/MPEG family and the Dolby AC-3 algorithms. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of future research directions.
Neuroantibodies: molecular cloning of a monoclonal antibody against substance P for expression in the central nervous system. (1991)

We present a strategy to study functional and/or developmental processes occurring in the nervous system, as well as in other systems, of mice. This strategy is based on the local expression of specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by cells of the nervous system. As an application of this strategy, we report the cloning of the anti-substance P rat mAb NC1/34HL. Functional substance P-binding antibodies were reconstituted from the cloned variable domains by using vectors for expression in myeloma cells. With these and other vectors a general system for the cloning and expression of mAbs under a series of promoters (of the rat VGF8a gene, the neurofilament light-chain gene, and the methallothionein gene) has been created. The activity of these plasmids was confirmed by expressing the recombinant NC1/34HL mAb in GH3 pituitary cells, PC12 pheochromocytoma cells, and COS cells. DNA from the described constructs can be used to target the expression of the NC1/34HL mAb to the central nervous system of transgenic mice. This procedure will allow us to perturb substance P activity in a controlled way in order to dissect its multiple roles.
In vitro synthesis of an infectious RNA from cDNA clones of human rhinovirus type 14 (1985)

Development of a novel infectious cDNA assay is described for human rhinovirus type 14. A full-length cDNA clone of the human rhinovirus type 14 genome RNA was assembled and transcribed in vitro by using the SP6 transcription system. Transfection of HeLa cells with the nascent RNA resulted in the production of rhinovirus indistinguishable from the parental virus by both immunological and polyacrylamide gel analysis.
Hepatitis G Virus Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1‐Infected Mothers and Their Children (1998)

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA and anti-E2 glycoprotein antibody (E2Ab) seroprevalence was studied in 58 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected mothers (34 injecting drug users [IDUs] and 24 with risky sexual behavior [RSB]) and their children (median age, 5 days; range, 1-27). Twelve women (20.6%) were RNA- and 20 (34.4%) E2Ab-positive. Seroprevalence was similar in the IDU and RSB groups and high in RSB partners of IDU men. Five (41.6%) children of RNA-positive mothers were HGV-infected, at a median age of 5 days (range, 1-27), independent of maternal CD4 T lymphocyte numbers, mode of delivery, and HIV-1 transmission; no other child at risk became RNA-positive subsequently. No HGV-infected child (follow-up, 16 months; range, 12-52) showed increased liver enzyme levels; 3 children cleared RNA and E2Ab-seroconverted after 10-48 months. Thus, in HIV-1-infected women, HGV infection is common and also sexually transmitted, and clearance may be impaired. Mother-to-child transmission is frequent and occurs antenatally; children remain long infected without evident disease.
The design of nectar: a network backplane for heterogeneous multicomputers (1989)

Nectar is a “network backplane” for use in heterogeneous multicomputers. The initial system consists of a star-shaped fiber-optic network with an aggregate bandwidth of 1.6 gigabits/second and a switching latency of 700 nanoseconds. The system can be scaled up by connecting hundreds of these networks together. The Nectar architecture provides a flexible way to handle heterogeneity and task-level parallelism. A wide variety of machines can be connected as Nectar nodes and the Nectar system software allows applications to communicate at a high level. Protocol processing is off-loaded to powerful communication processors so that nodes do not have to support a suite of network protocols. We have designed and built a prototype Nectar system that has been operational since November 1988. This paper presents the motivation and goals for Nectar and describes its hardware and software. The presentation emphasizes how the goals influenced the design decisions and led to the novel aspects of Nectar.
Prognostic value of 6-minute walk test in stable outpatients with heart failure. (2007)

The study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of the 6-minute walk test in stable outpatients with heart failure. We prospectively studied 43 patients (6 women and 37 men) who had chronic heart failure secondary to ischemic heart disease or idiopathic cardiomyopathy. All patients had left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction, < or = 0.40), and they were in stable New York Heart Association functional class II or III heart failure. All patients were evaluated by M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography. At the outset, walking distances of all the patients were evaluated by the 6-minute walk test. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I, patients with a 6-minute walk test distance of < or = 300 m; and Group II, patients with a 6-minute walk test distance of > 300 m. The patients were then monitored for a period of 2 years in regard to cardiac death. The mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with a 6-minute walk test distance of < or = 300 m than in patients with a 6-minute walk test distance of > 300 m (79% vs 7%; P <0.001). The death risk was found to be significantly higher in patients with a distance of < or = 300 m (P=0.005). The death risk was also higher in patients whose left ventricular ejection fraction was < or = 0.30 (P=0.02). We conclude that a 6-minute walk test distance of < or = 300 m is a simple and useful prognostic marker of subsequent cardiac death in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure.
Methods for encrypting and decrypting MPEG video data efficiently (1996)

Article Free Access Share on Methods for encrypting and decrypting MPEG video data efficiently Author: Lei Tang GSIA, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA GSIA, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims MULTIMEDIA '96: Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on MultimediaFebruary 1997 Pages 219–229https://doi.org/10.1145/244130.244209Published:01 February 1997Publication History 240citation2,238DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations240Total Downloads2,238Last 12 Months144Last 6 weeks55 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Voronoi diagram for multiply-connected polygonal domains II: Implementation and application (1987)

Voronoi diagrams have many novel applications in computer-aided design. In this paper, an implementation of a Voronoi diagram algorithm described in a companion paper by Srinivasan and Nackman is presented. This Voronoi diagram is then used for an application in which equivalent resistance networks are derived from a boundary representation of a two-dimensional VLSI geometry.
Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: What are the main pathophysiologic characteristics of Type 2 diabetes mellitus? What are the physiologic effects of insulin in the body? What is insulin resistance and how is it measured? Which pathophysiologic defect first, but temporally, precedes development of Type 2 DM, insulin resistance or impairment of β-cell secretion? What is the cause of peripheral insulin resistance? Is insulin resistance genetically predetermined or is it due to environmental influences? What is the role of impaired b-cell insulin secretion in Type 2 DM development? How does insulin secretion from the b-cell occur? What is the cause of the impaired secretory ability of the b-cell in Type 2 DM? What is the natural history of Type 2 DM development? Case Study 1 Case Study 2 Case Study 3 Case Study 4 Further reading
Experimental visceral leishmaniasis: production of interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma, tissue immune reaction, and response to treatment with interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma. (1987)

During the first 2 to 4 weeks of progressive visceral infection with the intracellular protozoan, Leishmania donovani, spleen cells from BALB/c mice failed in response to leishmanial antigen to produce either of the activating T cell-derived lymphokines, interleukin 2 (IL 2) or gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma). Four weeks after infection, however, antigen-induced IL 2 and IFN-gamma secretion emerged and coincided with the onset of control over parasite replication and the subsequent killing of greater than 80% of intrahepatic L. donovani. The development of this immunosecretory activity correlated with the hepatic tissue response at the site of parasitized Kupffer cells. This response progressed from Kupffer cell fusion (week 1) to fusion plus a mononuclear cell infiltrate (week 2) to well-organized granuloma formation (weeks 4 to 8). In contrast, T cell-deficient nude BALB/c mice exerted no control over L. donovani, their spleen cells failed to generate antigen-induced IFN-gamma, and at 4 weeks, their livers were devoid of any tissue reaction. Since spleen cells from 2-week infected normal mice did not produce antigen-stimulated IL 2 or IFN-gamma, these mice were treated with recombinant (r) lymphokines. Various protocols using both high and low dose human rIL 2 had no antileishmanial effect. Hepatic parasite replication was completely halted, however, by macrophage-activating doses of murine rIFN-gamma. These results reemphasize that an intact T cell-dependent response is required for successful defense against L. donovani, indicate that this immune response can be measured at both the cellular (secretory) and tissue levels, and confirm that IFN-gamma can exert an antileishmanial effect in vivo.
Communication between Rhizobia and Plants (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Nodulation (nod) Genes are Induced by Flavonoids and are Under Positive and Negative Regulation Activation of the nod Genes Results in the Synthesis and Export of Lipo-Chito-Oligosaccharide Signal Molecules Rhizobia use Secreted Proteins as Effector Molecules Microarray Studies Help in Elucidating the Flavonoid Stimulons nod Genes as Accessory Components of the Rhizobial Core Genome Conclusions and Outlook References
Clioquinol, a Therapeutic Agent for Alzheimer's Disease, Has Proteasome-Inhibitory, Androgen Receptor–Suppressing, Apoptosis-Inducing, and Antitumor Activities in Human Prostate Cancer Cells and Xenografts (2007)

Tumor growth and metastasis depend on angiogenesis that requires the cofactor copper. Consistently, high levels of copper have been found in many types of human cancers, including prostate, breast, colon, and lung. Recent studies suggest that copper could be used as a novel selective target for cancer therapies. Clioquinol is capable of forming stable complexes with copper and currently used in clinics for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most recently, it has been reported that clioquinol possesses antitumor effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. We report here that after binding to copper, clioquinol can inhibit the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity, repress androgen receptor (AR) protein expression, and induce apoptotic cell death in human prostate cancer LNCaP and C4-2B cells. In addition, clioquinol alone exhibits similar effects in prostate cancer cell lines with elevated copper at concentrations similar to those found in patients. Addition of dihydrotestosterone did not affect clioquinol-mediated proteasome inhibition in both prostate cancer cell lines. However, dihydrotestosterone partially inhibited clioquinol-induced AR suppression and apoptosis only in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. Animal studies show that clioquinol treatment significantly inhibits the growth of human prostate tumor C4-2B xenografts (by 66%), associated with in vivo proteasome inhibition, AR protein repression, angiogenesis suppression, and apoptosis induction. Our study provides strong evidence that clioquinol is able to target tumor proteasome in vivo in a copper-dependent manner, resulting in formation of an active AR inhibitor and apoptosis inducer that is responsible for its observed antiprostate tumor effect.
Ultrasonic Nozzle Spray in Situ Mixing and Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Nanocrystalline Spinel Metal Oxides:  Nickel Ferrite and Zinc Aluminate (2008)

Nanocrystalline spinel nickel ferrite and zinc aluminate particles (6−20 nm) can be prepared by a recently developed continuous flow method that combines microwave heating and in situ ultrasonic nozzle spray mixing. The preparations were carried out at ambient pressure (1 atm), microwave power (0−600 W), and ultrasonic nozzle with resonant frequency of 48 or 120 kHz. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microcopy, X-ray electron dispersive spectroscopy, Brunauer−Emmett−Teller spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry. The results showed that the ultrasonic nozzle and microwave irradiation complement each other, with respect to the purity of the products. The specific advantages of INM method for the preparing nickel ferrites are that pure materials with high surface areas and tunable particle sizes are produced, and this process is continuous.
Regioselective Wacker Oxidation of Internal Alkenes: Rapid Access to Functionalized Ketones Facilitated by Cross‐Metathesis (2013)

Wacka wacka: The title reaction makes use of a wide range of directing groups (DG) to enable the highly regioselective oxidation of alkenes, and occurs predictably at the distal position. Both E and Z alkenes afford valuable functionalized ketones and cross-metathesis was shown to facilitate the preparation of the starting materials. BQ=benzoquinone.
Growth Factor and Catabolic Cytokine Concentrations Are Influenced by the Cellular Composition of Platelet-Rich Plasma (2011)

Depending on the clinical application, preparations of PRP should be considered based on their ability to concentrate platelets and leukocytes with sensitivity to pathologic conditions that will benefit most from increased platelet or reduced leukocyte concentration.
BNIP3 Heterodimerizes with Bcl-2/Bcl-XL and Induces Cell Death Independent of a Bcl-2 Homology 3 (BH3) Domain at Both Mitochondrial and Nonmitochondrial Sites (2000)

BNIP3 (formerly NIP3) is a pro-apoptotic, mitochondrial protein classified in the Bcl-2 family based on limited sequence homology to the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain and COOH-terminal transmembrane (TM) domain. BNIP3 expressed in yeast and mammalian cells interacts with survival promoting proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), and CED-9. Typically, the BH3 domain of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homologues mediates Bcl-2/Bcl-X(L) heterodimerization and confers pro-apoptotic activity. Deletion mapping of BNIP3 excluded its BH3-like domain and identified the NH(2) terminus (residues 1-49) and TM domain as critical for Bcl-2 heterodimerization, and either region was sufficient for Bcl-X(L) interaction. Additionally, the removal of the BH3-like domain in BNIP3 did not diminish its killing activity. The TM domain of BNIP3 is critical for homodimerization, pro-apoptotic function, and mitochondrial targeting. Several TM domain mutants were found to disrupt SDS-resistant BNIP3 homodimerization but did not interfere with its killing activity or mitochondrial localization. Substitution of the BNIP3 TM domain with that of cytochrome b(5) directed protein expression to nonmitochondrial sites and still promoted apoptosis and heterodimerization with Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L). We propose that BNIP3 represents a subfamily of Bcl-2-related proteins that functions without a typical BH3 domain to regulate apoptosis from both mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial sites by selective Bcl-2/Bcl-X(L) interactions.
The New Skinny in Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials (2013)

While the advent of graphene has focused attention on the extraordinary properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, graphene's lack of an intrinsic band gap and limited amenability to chemical modification has sparked increasing interest in its close relatives and in other 2D layered nanomaterials. In this issue of ACS Nano, Bianco et al. report on the production and characterization of one of these related materials: germanane, a one-atom-thick sheet of hydrogenated puckered germanium atoms structurally similar to graphane. It is a 2D nanomaterial generated via mechanical exfoliation from GeH. Germanane has been predicted to have technologically relevant properties such as a direct band gap and high electron mobility. Monolayer 2D materials like germanane, in general, have attracted enormous interest for their potential technological applications. We offer a perspective on the field of 2D layered nanomaterials and the exciting growth areas and discuss where the new development of germanane fits in, now and in the foreseeable future.
Unexpected Protein Families Including Cell Defense Components Feature in the N-Myristoylome of a Higher Eukaryote (2003)

N-Myristoylation is an irreversible modification that affects the membrane binding properties of crucial cytoplasmic proteins from signal transduction cascades. We characterized the two putative N-myristoyltransferases of Arabidopsis thaliana as a means of investigating the entire N-myristoylation proteome (N-myristoylome) in a higher eukaryote. AtNMT1 compensated for the nmt1 defect in yeast, whereas AtNMT2 and chimeras of the two genes did not. Only AtNMT1 modified known N-myristoylated proteins in vitro. AtNMT1 is therefore responsible for the A. thaliana N-myristoylome, whereas AtNMT2 does not seem to have usual myristoylation activity. We began with the whole set of N-myristoylated G proteins in the A. thaliana proteome. We then used a reiterative approach, based on the in vitro N-myristoylation of more than 60 different polypeptides, to determine the substrate specificity of AtNMT1. We found that the positive charge on residue 7 of the substrate was particularly important in substrate recognition. The A. thaliana N-myristoylome consists of 437 proteins, accounting for 1.7% of the complete proteome. We demonstrated the N-myristoylation of several unexpected protein families, including innate immunity proteins, thioredoxins, components of the protein degradation pathway, transcription factors, and a crucial regulatory enzyme of glycolysis. The role of N-myristoylation is discussed in each case; in particular, this process may underlie the "guard" hypothesis of innate immunity.