gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
QoS policies and architecture for cache/memory in CMP platforms (2007)

As we enter the era of CMP platforms with multiple threads/cores on the die, the diversity of the simultaneous workloads running on them is expected to increase. The rapid deployment of virtualization as a means to consolidate workloads on to a single platform is a prime example of this trend. In such scenarios, the quality of service (QoS) that each individual workload gets from the platform can widely vary depending on the behavior of the simultaneously running workloads. While the number of cores assigned to each workload can be controlled, there is no hardware or software support in today's platforms to control allocation of platform resources such as cache space and memory bandwidth to individual workloads. In this paper, we propose a QoS-enabled memory architecture for CMP platforms that addresses this problem. The QoS-enabled memory architecture enables more cache resources (i.e. space) and memory resources (i.e. bandwidth) for high priority applications based on guidance from the operating environment. The architecture also allows dynamic resource reassignment during run-time to further optimize the performance of the high priority application with minimal degradation to low priority. To achieve these goals, we will describe the hardware/software support required in the platform as well as the operating environment (O/S and virtual machine monitor). Our evaluation framework consists of detailed platform simulation models and a QoS-enabled version of Linux. Based on evaluation experiments, we show the effectiveness of a QoS-enabled architecture and summarize key findings/trade-offs.
Serum Antibodies to Lipopolysaccharide and Natural Immunity to Shigellosis in an Israeli Military Population (1988)

Journal Article Serum Antibodies to Lipopolysaccharide and Natural Immunity to Shigellosis in an Israeli Military Population Get access Dani Cohen, Dani Cohen Israel Defence Force, Medical Corps; and the Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Manfred S. Green, Manfred S. Green Israel Defence Force, Medical Corps; and the Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Colin Block, Colin Block Israel Defence Force, Medical Corps; and the Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tsvi Rouach, Tsvi Rouach Israel Defence Force, Medical Corps; and the Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Itzhak Ofek Itzhak Ofek Israel Defence Force, Medical Corps; and the Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 157, Issue 5, May 1988, Pages 1068–1071, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/157.5.1068 Published: 01 May 1988 Article history Received: 02 August 1987 Revision received: 30 November 1987 Published: 01 May 1988
Production of human tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 is induced by lactic acid bacteria (1996)

To investigate the role of cytokines in interactions between lactic acid bacteria and the immune system, we measured production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after stimulation with live or glutaraldehyde-fixed bacteria. Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-6, and, in some cases, IL-10 was induced in amounts even greater than those obtained with lipopolysaccharide as a stimulant. Our results suggest that lactic acid bacteria can stimulate nonspecific immunity.
Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Part Four: The Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) (2002)

This document describes a specification for taking Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) and locating an authoritative server for information about that URI. The method used to locate that authoritative server is the Dynamic Delegation Discovery System.
Antixenograft tumor activity of a humanized anti-insulin-like growth factor-I receptor monoclonal antibody is associated with decreased AKT activation and glucose uptake (2008)

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system consists of two ligands (IGF-I and IGF-II), which both signal through IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) to stimulate proliferation and inhibit apoptosis, with activity contributing to malignant growth of many types of human cancers. We have developed a humanized, affinity-matured anti-human IGF-IR monoclonal antibody (h10H5), which binds with high affinity and specificity to the extracellular domain. h10H5 inhibits IGF-IR-mediated signaling by blocking IGF-I and IGF-II binding and by inducing cell surface receptor down-regulation via internalization and degradation, with the extracellular and intracellular domains of IGF-IR being differentially affected by the proteasomal and lysosomal inhibitors. In vitro, h10H5 exhibits antiproliferative effects on cancer cell lines. In vivo, h10H5 shows single-agent antitumor efficacy in human SK-N-AS neuroblastoma and SW527 breast cancer xenograft models and even greater efficacy in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent docetaxel or an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody. Antitumor activity of h10H5 is associated with decreased AKT activation and glucose uptake and a 316-gene transcription profile with significant changes involving DNA metabolic and cell cycle machineries. These data support the clinical testing of h10H5 as a biotherapeutic for IGF-IR-dependent human tumors and furthermore illustrate a new method of monitoring its activity noninvasively in vivo via 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose-positron emission tomography imaging.
Microfabricated dual-polarized, W-band antenna architecture for scalable line arrav feed (2015)

Scalable antenna arrays that support active, electronic scanning at W-band are of interest for future remote sensing missions such as the proposed Aerosol, Goad and Ecosystems (ACE) mission. An intermediate step towards an electronically-scanned solution is demonstrated. A dual-polarized passive, 2×8 element 94 GHz array is microfabricated in the Novotronics proprietary PolyStrata® process. Feed networks are located behind the footprint of the array to permit scalable tiling to form larger arrays. Measured S-parameters are presented, demonstrating 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of over 8%, and 45 dB isolation between transmit and cross-polarized receive channel. Measured radiation patterns demonstrate excellent agreement with simulation predictions and repeatability between units.
Polymer-Free Fluid for Hydraulic Fracturing (1997)

Abstract Polymer residues that stay in the fracture after a hydraulic fracturing treatment can limit treatment effectiveness. A new and easy-to-prepare, polymer-free fluid that consists of a quaternary ammonium salt derived from a long-chain fatty acid is described. In brine, it builds viscosity due to the formation of highly entangled worm-like micelles. The micelles have a gross structure similar to a polymer chain. Since the viscosity of the fluid depends on the nature of micelles, the fluid can be broken by changing this micellar structure. The breaking occurs when the fluid is exposed to hydrocarbons or diluted with formation waters. Therefore, conventional breakers are not required, and the produced oil or gas can act as breakers for this fluid system. The structural characteristics of the polymer-free surfactant fluid to its chemical and physical properties are correlated in this paper. Structure, rheology, fluid loss and conductivity of this surfactant fluid together with its production data are presented. Introduction Fracturing fluid is a very critical component of a hydraulic fracturing treatment. Selection of the fracturing fluid, job design, and well turnaround procedure all help to determine the production of a well after a stimulation by hydraulic fracturing. A fracturing fluid should provide sufficient viscosity to suspend and transport proppant into the fracture, and should break into a low-viscosity fluid after the job is completed. This will facilitate the fracture to clean up by allowing rapid flowback of fluid to the surface. Analysis of the fluid returned to the surface (flowback fluid) after hydraulic fracturing indicates that as little as 30 to 45% of the guar-based polymer pumped during the treatment returned from the well during the flowback period. Polymer residues that remain in the fracture significantly contribute to a lowered proppant-pack permeability leading to a loss in fracture treatment effectiveness. The field success of a viscoelastic surfactant-based (VES) polymer-free fluid in frac-pack applications led to the development of a similar fluid for hydraulic fracturing. The VES fluid can be used for the fracturing treatment of potentially all gas and oil wells below 240 F. The principal advantage of this fluid system is its operational simplicity. This fluid is easy to prepare and requires less equipment at the wellsite This fluid does not require polymer hydration, biocides, crosslinkers, or breakers. The hydrocarbons produced, or dilution of VES gel by other formation fluids, can break this fluid. This new fluid has been used for the successful execution of more than 250 fracturing jobs. Results from representative treatments are presented.
The cytosolic entry of diphtheria toxin catalytic domain requires a host cell cytosolic translocation factor complex (2003)

In vitro delivery of the diphtheria toxin catalytic (C) domain from the lumen of purified early endosomes to the external milieu requires the addition of both ATP and a cytosolic translocation factor (CTF) complex. Using the translocation of C-domain ADP-ribosyltransferase activity across the endosomal membrane as an assay, the CTF complex activity was 650-800-fold purified from human T cell and yeast extracts, respectively. The chaperonin heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 and thioredoxin reductase were identified by mass spectrometry sequencing in CTF complexes purified from both human T cell and yeast. Further analysis of the role played by these two proteins with specific inhibitors, both in the in vitro translocation assay and in intact cell toxicity assays, has demonstrated their essential role in the productive delivery of the C-domain from the lumen of early endosomes to the external milieu. These results confirm and extend earlier observations of diphtheria toxin C-domain unfolding and refolding that must occur before and after vesicle membrane translocation. In addition, results presented here demonstrate that thioredoxin reductase activity plays an essential role in the cytosolic release of the C-domain. Because analogous CTF complexes have been partially purified from mammalian and yeast cell extracts, results presented here suggest a common and fundamental mechanism for C-domain translocation across early endosomal membranes.
Shared Mechanisms and Comorbidities in Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders (2001)

Migraine may be comorbid with several other neurologic and psychiatric conditions, including mood disorders (eg, depression, anxiety, panic disorder), epilepsy, stroke, and essential tremor. Comorbidity presents physicians with opportunities and challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. All diseases must be considered, and therapeutic strategies may need to be modified to avoid potential drug interactions. Comorbidities also may provide clues to the pathophysiologies and any shared mechanisms of the two disorders. Longitudinal studies have demonstrated a bidirectional influence between migraine and major depression, but not between migraine and other severe headache. Migraine is strongly and consistently associated with panic disorder. The risk of migraine in epilepsy is increased particularly in individuals with head trauma, partial seizures, and a positive family history of migraine. The influence is bidirectional. There is also growing evidence of an association between migraine and stroke, particularly among women of childbearing age and individuals who experience migraine with aura. Lastly, a bidirectional association between migraine and essential tremor also exists. These findings suggest that migraine, major depression, epilepsy, and essential tremor share one or more common etiologies. Clinicians should be mindful of them as they design treatment strategies, and also should consider the use of a single pharmacologic agent that is effective for all conditions.
Regulation of alloreactivity in vivo by IL-4 and the soluble IL-4 receptor (1991)

Abstract Although numerous in vitro studies have demonstrated that cytokines are involved in the generation of alloreactive effector cells, the role of these regulatory substances in vivo is less well defined. We have recently cloned and expressed cDNAs encoding both membrane bound and soluble forms of the murine IL-4R. The effects of murine rIL-4 and a recombinant, soluble, extracellular portion of the murine IL-4R soluble(s) IL-4R on the generation of alloresponsiveness in vivo were evaluated by measuring the lymphoproliferative response to a localized injection of allogeneic cells and the survival of cardiac allografts. Administration of IL-4 to BALB/c mice resulted in a slight augmentation of the anti-C57BL/6 lymphoproliferative response compared to that occurring in control, mouse serum albumin-(MSA) treated mice. In contrast, the sIL-4R suppressed this response to allogeneic cells in a dose-dependent manner, with a dose of 50 micrograms/kg/day causing nearly complete inhibition of the response as compared to the response observed in controls. The inhibitory effect of sIL-4R was reversed by simultaneous administration of IL-4. A neutralizing antibody against IL-4 (11B11) and another against the IL-4R (M1) were also effective inhibitors of the response when given at 100- to 1000-fold higher concentrations than the amount of sIL-4R required to inhibit the response. In cardiac allograft experiments, BALB/c mice were engrafted with newborn C57BL/6 hearts in the ear pinnae and treated with sIL-4R (50 micrograms/kg) or MSA. Such allografts survived an average of 4 days longer in sIL-4R-treated mice than in MSA-treated controls. In conclusion, neutralization of IL-4 inhibits alloresponsiveness in vivo. These results confirm a regulatory role for this pleiotropic cytokine in allograft rejection and suggest a therapeutic value for IL-4 antagonists alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive regimens.
Flash reliability in production: the expected and the unexpected (2016)

As solid state drives based on flash technology are becoming a staple for persistent data storage in data centers, it is important to understand their reliability characteristics. While there is a large body of work based on experiments with individual flash chips in a controlled lab environment under synthetic workloads, there is a dearth of information on their behavior in the field. This paper provides a large-scale field study covering many millions of drive days, ten different drive models, different flash technologies (MLC, eMLC, SLC) over 6 years of production use in Google's data centers. We study a wide range of reliability characteristics and come to a number of unexpected conclusions. For example, raw bit error rates (RBER) grow at a much slower rate with wearout than the exponential rate commonly assumed and, more importantly, they are not predictive of uncorrectable errors or other error modes. The widely used metric UBER (uncorrectable bit error rate) is not a meaningful metric, since we see no correlation between the number of reads and the number of uncorrectable errors. We see no evidence that higher-end SLC drives are more reliable than MLC drives within typical drive lifetimes. Comparing with traditional hard disk drives, flash drives have a significantly lower replacement rate in the field, however, they have a higher rate of uncorrectable errors.
A technique for instantaneous tracking of frequency agile signals in the presence of spectrally correlated interference (2003)

A single-sensor technique for detecting and tracking frequency agile signals in the presence of spectrally correlated or second-order cyclostationary noise and cochannel interference is presented. The technique is developed from the maximum-likelihood estimate of the spectral frequency of a frequency agile signal received in complex Gaussian interference with unknown spectral correlation, and is implemented using a frequency-channelized least-mean-square adaptive processing algorithm. The resulting algorithm can significantly outperform conventional frequency-channelized whitener/detector approaches when tracking agile signals corrupted by spectrally correlated interference, by using the correlation between spectrally separated interference components to reduce the interference content in each spectral bin prior to the whitening/detection operation. These results are demonstrated via computer simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Inhibition of Th1 Immune Response by Glucocorticoids: Dexamethasone Selectively Inhibits IL-12-Induced Stat4 Phosphorylation in T Lymphocytes (2000)

Glucocorticoids are widely used in the therapy of inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic diseases. As the end-effectors of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, endogenous glucocorticoids also play an important role in suppressing innate and cellular immune responses. Previous studies have indicated that glucocorticoids inhibit Th1 and enhance Th2 cytokine secretion. IL-12 promotes Th1 cell-mediated immunity, while IL-4 stimulates Th2 humoral-mediated immunity. Here, we examined the regulatory effect of glucocorticoids on key elements of IL-12 and IL-4 signaling. We first investigated the effect of dexamethasone on IL-12-inducible genes and showed that dexamethasone inhibited IL-12-induced IFN-gamma secretion and IFN regulatory factor-1 expression in both NK and T cells. This occurred even though the level of expression of IL-12 receptors and IL-12-induced Janus kinase phosphorylation remained unaltered. However, dexamethasone markedly inhibited IL-12-induced phosphorylation of Stat4 without altering its expression. This was specific, as IL-4-induced Stat6 phosphorylation was not affected, and mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor, as it was antagonized by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486. Moreover, transfection experiments showed that dexamethasone reduced responsiveness to IL-12 through the inhibition of Stat4-dependent IFN regulatory factor-1 promoter activity. We conclude that blocking IL-12-induced Stat4 phosphorylation, without altering IL-4-induced Stat6 phosphorylation, appears to be a new suppressive action of glucocorticoids on the Th1 cellular immune response and may help explain the glucocorticoid-induced shift toward the Th2 humoral immune response.
Control of immune response by amino acid metabolism (2010)

The interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and their hosts is regulated by reciprocal survival strategies, including competition for essential nutrients. Though paradoxical, mammalian hosts have learned to take advantage of amino acid catabolism for controlling pathogen invasion and, at the same time, regulating their own immune responses. In this way, ancient catabolic enzymes have acquired novel functions and evolved into new structures with highly specialized functions, which go beyond the struggle for survival. In this review, we analyze the evidence supporting a critical role for the metabolism of various amino acids in regulating different steps of both innate and adaptive immunity.
Analytical platforms for activity-based protein profiling ? exploiting the versatility of chemistry for functional proteomics (2006)

The field of proteomics aims to develop and apply technologies for the characterization of protein function on a global scale. Toward this end, synthetic chemistry has played a major role by providing new reagents to profile segments of the proteome based on activity rather than abundance. Small molecule probes for activity-based protein profiling have been created for more than a dozen enzyme classes and used to discover several enzyme activities elevated in disease states. These innovations have inspired complementary advancements in analytical chemistry, where new platforms have been introduced to augment the information content achievable in chemical proteomics experiments. Here, we will review these analytical platforms and discuss how they have exploited the versatility of chemical probes to gain unprecedented insights into the function of proteins in biological samples of high complexity.
Hybrid Parity-Check and CRC Aided SCL Decoding for Polar Codes (2016)

Polar codes under cyclic redundancy check-aided successive cancellation list (CA-SCL) decoding can outperform the turbo codes and the LDPC codes at the cost of high complexity and decoding delay. In order to reduce the decoding complexity, in this paper we propose a hybrid parity-check and CRC aided SCL decoding scheme for polar codes. Simulation results under the binary input additive white Gaussian noise channels (BI-AWGNs) show that, the proposed approach successfully provides over 20% complexity reduction, and 0.2dB performance gain over the traditional CA-SCL scheme with short codeword length at the block error probability (BLER) of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> .
Quantum yield excitation spectrum (UV-visible) of CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots by thermal lens spectrometry (2010)

A recently developed thermal lens spectrometry configuration has been used to study CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) suspended in toluene and tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvents. The special features of this configuration make it very attractive to measure fluorescence quantum yield (η) excitation spectrum since it simplifies the measurement procedure and consequently improve the accuracy. Furthermore, the precision reached is much higher than in conventional photoluminescence (PL) technique. Two methods, called reference sample and multiwavelength have been applied to determine η, varying excitation wavelength in the UV-visible region (between 335–543 nm). The η and PL spectra are practically independent of the excitation wavelength. For CdSe/ZnS QDs suspended in toluene we have obtained η=76±2%. In addition, the aging effect on η and PL has been studied over a 200 h period for QDs suspended in THF.
Micron-Size Optical Waveguide for Optoelectronic Integrated Circuit (1994)

Fundamental technologies for the optical interconnection in the VLSI chip have been developed by using conventional Si LSI technologies. The micron-size optical waveguide consisting of Si 3 N 4 core and SiO 2 cladding layers has been fabricated by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) and atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD), respectively. The small lenses and the micron-size mirror which changes the light propagation direction from vertical to horizontal for the interlayer interconnection have also been fabricated.
Derivation of the sledai. A disease activity index for lupus patients (1992)

The SLEDAI is a validated model of experienced clinicians' global assessments of disease activity in lupus. It represents the consensus of a group of experts in the field of lupus research.