gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition by Heparinoid of Aldosterone Biosynthesis in Man1 (1966)

The heparinoid (RO1-8307) has been administered for from 2 to 5 days to 3 patients with subsequently proven primary aldosteronism. Patients with this disease are uniquely suited for study of the mechanism by which heparin and heparinoid compounds decrease adrenal production of aldosterone because in them the renin-angiotensin system is severely suppressed. This system, therefore, can be eliminated as a possible site of action of heparinoid. In all 3 patients heparinoid induced large decreases in both excretion and secretion of aldosterone, plasma renin activity remaining undetectable before, during and after administration of the compound. Excretion of 18-hydroxytetrahydro-11-dehydrocorticosterone, as an index of 18-hydroxycorticosterone production, was measured on one patient and was sharply suppressed by heparinoid. Excretion of tetrahydrocorticosterone, initially elevated, did not change. It is concluded that heparinoid acts directly upon the adrenal tumor tissue (and presumably normal adrenal tissue a...
Induced Expression of Alpha-Enolase inDifferentiated Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma (1994)

A unique protein has been detected that is associated with the differentiation of diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL). The WSU-DLCL human cell line was cultured in the absence or presence of the biological agent, Bryostatin 1 (Bryo1). Cellular proteins of parent and differentiated WSU-DLCL cells were analyzed using one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D and 2D PAGE). In the 1D PAGE, a unique protein band of molecular mass approximately 47 kD was detected in the differentiated, but not the parent cells. Amino acid sequence of the band indicated the presence of more than one protein. The 2D PAGE analysis showed that one of the proteins of interest had an isoelectric point of 7.4. Partial amino acid sequencing of the spot by tryptic digest showed 100% homology with alpha-enolase. alpha-Enolase is a nonneuronal enzyme involved in the glycolytic pathway. This is the first report on the induction of alpha-enolase in human DLCL after treatment with the natural biological agent, Bryo1. We suggest that alpha-enolase may play a significant role in the differentiation of lymphoma in man.
Insertion of a SNS‐specific tetrapeptide in S3–S4 linker of D4 accelerates recovery from inactivation of skeletal muscle voltage‐gated Na channel μ1 in HEK293 cells (1997)

Na channel subunits alphaSNS (PN3) and alpha mu1(SkM1) produce slowly inactivating/TTX-resistant and rapidly inactivating/TTX-sensitive currents, respectively. AlphaSNS (PN3) current recovers from inactivation (reprimes) rapidly. Sequence alignment identified the tetrapeptide SLEN, in the S3-S4 linker of D4, as alphaSNS-specific. To determine whether SLEN endows Na channels with slow kinetics and/or rapid repriming, we analyzed the transient Na current produced by a chimera mu1SLEN in HEK293 cells. Neither kinetics nor voltage dependence of activation and inactivation was affected. However, repriming was twice as fast as in the wild type at -100 mV. This suggests that SLEN may contribute to the rapid repriming of TTX-resistant Na current.
A model for cell-type determination and differentiation in plants. (1991)

We are using trichome formation on the plant Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for the study of plant cell determination and differentiation. Several of the genes that are required for trichome formation are defined by mutations. Two mutations, ttg and gl1, prevent the initiation of trichome differentiation. Thus, these mutations define products that are involved in the signalling of trichome determination. Other mutations, gl2, gl3, dis1, and dis2, define genes that are involved in trichome maturation. Our immediate goal has been to isolate the genes defined by these mutations and determine the role that they play in trichome formation. Our general goals are (1) to identify counterparts to these genes that are involved in other cell type determination and differentiation processes; (2) to manipulate cell development by altering the normal expression of these genes; and (3) to determine if this information can be used to improve crop plants. Presently, most of our progress has centered on the GL1 gene, which has been isolated and characterized. We have found that GL1 is a myb-related gene that is uniquely required for trichome initiation. As in other plants, Arabidopsis has a family of myb-related genes. We are currently investigating the possibility that some of these other myb-related genes are also uniquely required for other types of cell determination events.
Forkhead box J1 expression is upregulated and correlated with prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2015)

The forkhead box (FOX) family of transcription factors are considered to have a role in tumorigenesis. FOXJ1 is a member of the FOX family; however, its function in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has remained to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study evaluated the expression of FOXJ1 in human clear cell RCC and the effect of FOXJ1 on the proliferative ability of RCC cells. The RCC specimens analyzed in the present study were obtained from 286 patients with RCC who underwent nephrectomy. FOXJ1 mRNA expression levels were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and FOXJ1 protein expression levels were determined using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. To determine the effect of FOXJ1 on the proliferative ability of RCC cells, the expression of FOXJ1 was decreased using small interfering (si)RNA, and a FOXJ1 vector was stably transfected into RCC cell lines. The proliferative ability of RCC cells was then examined using a WST-1 assay and xenograft experiments with BALB/c nude mice, where the association between FOXJ1 expression and patient survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. FOXJ1 expression was significantly higher in RCC tissues compared with that of healthy renal tissues. Furthermore, FOXJ1 expression was associated with tumor stage, histologic grade and size. In addition, FOXJ1 significantly enhanced the proliferation of RCC cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The present study identified that FOXJ1 expression was upregulated in RCC and enhanced the proliferative ability of RCC cells. Therefore, FOXJ1 may serve as an independent prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with RCC.
Patterns of Improved Survival in Patients With Multiple Myeloma in the Twenty-First Century: A Population-Based Study (2009)

PURPOSE Randomized multiple myeloma (MM) studies show improved response rates and better progression-free survival for newer therapies. However, a less pronounced effect has been found for overall survival (OS). Using population-based data including detailed treatment information for individual patients, we assessed survival patterns for all patients diagnosed with MM in Malmö, Sweden from 1950 to 2005. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified 773 patients with MM (48% males). On the basis of the age limit used for treatment with high-dose melphalan with autologous stem-cell support (HDM-ASCT; < or = 65 years old) in Sweden, we constructed Kaplan-Meier curves and used the Breslow generalized Wilcoxon test to evaluate OS patterns (diagnosed in six calendar periods) for patients 65 years old or younger and patients older than 65 years. Results Including all age groups, patients diagnosed from 1960 to 1969 had a better survival than patients diagnosed from 1950 to 1959. In subsequent 10-year calendar periods, median OS increased from 24.3 to 56.3 months (P = .036) in patients < or = 65 years old. In contrast, OS did not improve among patients older than age 65 years (21.2 to 26.7 months, P = .7). CONCLUSION With the establishment of HDM-ASCT as the standard therapy for younger patients with MM, OS has improved significantly for this age group in the general MM population. With novel therapies being commonly used at disease progression, presumably it becomes increasingly difficult to confirm survival differences between defined induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapies in the future. Consequently, in the era of novel MM therapies, population-based studies will serve as a necessary complement to randomized trials.
Crystal Structure of the Human Ubiquitin-like Protein NEDD8 and Interactions with Ubiquitin Pathway Enzymes (1998)

The NEDD8/Rub1 class of ubiquitin-like proteins has been implicated in progression of the cell cycle from G1 into S phase. These molecules undergo a metabolism that parallels that of ubiquitin and involves specific interactions with many different proteins. We report here the crystal structure of recombinant human NEDD8 refined at 1.6-A resolution to an R factor of 21.9%. As expected from the high sequence similarity (57% identical), the NEDD8 structure closely resembles that reported previously for ubiquitin. We also show that recombinant human NEDD8 protein is activated, albeit inefficiently, by the ubiquitin-activating (E1) enzyme and that NEDD8 can be transferred from E1 to the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2-25K. E2-25K adds NEDD8 to a polyubiquitin chain with an efficiency similar to that of ubiquitin. A chimeric tetramer composed of three ubiquitins and one histidine-tagged NEDD8 binds to the 26 S proteasome with an affinity similar to that of tetraubiquitin. Seven residues that differ from the corresponding residues in ubiquitin, but are conserved between NEDD8 orthologs, are candidates for mediating interactions with NEDD8-specific partners. One such residue, Ala-72 (Arg in ubiquitin), is shown to perform a key role in selecting against reaction with the ubiquitin E1 enzyme, thereby acting to prevent the inappropriate diversion of NEDD8 into ubiquitin-specific pathways.
Experimental models of plasma perfusion (1991)

A system allowing repeated plasma perfusion in the unrestrained conscious rat was developed in order to examine the effects of plasma filtration with on-line sorbent treatment of plasma in various models of disease. In experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis, perfusion over a column coated with glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigen lowered circulating levels of anti-GBM antibodies. In experimental endotoxaemia, perfusion over a column coated with polymixin B (PB) lowered circulating endotoxin levels and protected animals from haematological abnormalities and death. In experimental acute hepatic failure, perfusion over a combination of charcoal, resin, and PB columns improved survival in grades II and III hepatic coma. This experimental system has allowed preclinical evaluation of the effectiveness of different sorbents in the treatment of a range of disorders.
Morphometric and Visual Evaluation of Fibrosis in Renal Biopsies (2010)

Interstitial fibrosis is an outcome measure of increasing importance in clinical trials of both renal transplantation and native disease, but data on the comparative advantages of fibrosis measurement methods are limited. We compared four morphometric techniques and contrasted these with two visual fibrosis-scoring methods on trichrome-stained slides. Two morphometric methods included whole-slide digital images: collagen III immunohistochemistry and a new technique using trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff subtraction morphometry; the other two methods included Sirius Red with and without polarization on multiple digital fields. We evaluated 10 serial sections from 15 renal biopsies with a range of fibrosis extent and diagnoses on duplicate sections with each method on separate days. Three pathologists performed visual scoring on whole-slide images. Visual and morphometric techniques had good to excellent interassay reproducibility (R(2) = 0.62 to 0.96) and interobserver reproducibility (R(2) = 0.75 to 0.99, all P < 0.001). Morphometry showed less variation between observers than visual assessment (mean of 1% to 5% versus 11% to 13%). Collagen III, Sirius Red unpolarized, and visual scores had the strongest correlations (R(2) = 0.78 to 0.89), the greatest dynamic range, and the best correlation with estimated GFR (R(2) = 0.38 to 0.50, P < 0.01 to 0.001). Considering efficiency, reproducibility, and functional correlation, two current techniques stand out as potentially the best for clinical trials: collagen III morphometry and visual assessment of trichrome-stained slides.
Activation Functions 1 and 2 of Nuclear Receptors: Molecular Strategies for Transcriptional Activation (2003)

Nuclear receptors (NRs) comprise a family of ligand inducible transcription factors. To achieve transcriptional activation of target genes, DNA-bound NRs directly recruit general transcription factors (GTFs) to the preinitiation complex or bind intermediary factors, so-called coactivators. These coactivators often constitute subunits of larger multiprotein complexes that act at several functional levels, such as chromatin remodeling, enzymatic modification of histone tails, or modulation of the preinitiation complex via interactions with RNA polymerase II and GTFs. The binding of NR to coactivators is often mediated through one of its activation domains. Many NRs have at least two activation domains, the ligand-independent activation function (AF)-1, which resides in the N-terminal domain, and the ligand-dependent AF-2, which is localized in the C-terminal domain. In this review, we summarize and discuss current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of AF-1- and AF-2-mediated gene activation, focusing on AF-1 and AF-2 conformation and coactivator binding.
Interferon γ Is Required for Activation-induced Death of T Lymphocytes (2002)

The effector cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) may play a role in T cell homeostasis. We have examined the requirement for IFN-gamma in one mechanism that regulates T cell expansion and survival, activation-induced cell death (AICD). CD4(+) T cells lacking IFN-gamma or the Stat1 transcription factor are resistant to AICD. IFN-gamma is required for the production of caspases, and retrovirus-mediated expression of caspase-8 restores the sensitivity of Stat1-deficient T cells to AICD. In vitro, IFN-gamma limits the expansion of T cells that are stimulated through their antigen receptors. Thus, IFN-gamma may function to control the expansion and persistence of T cells by promoting caspase-8-dependent apoptosis.
miR‐21: a small multi‐faceted RNA (2008)

More than 1000 microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed in human cells, some tissue or cell type specific, others considered as house-keeping molecules. Functions and direct mRNA targets for some miRNAs have been relatively well studied over the last years. Every miRNA potentially regulates the expression of numerous protein-coding genes (tens to hundreds), but it has become increasingly clear that not all miRNAs are equally important; diverse high-throughput screenings of various systems have identified a limited number of key functional miRNAs over and over again. Particular miRNAs emerge as principal regulators that control major cell functions in various physiological and pathophysiological settings. Since its identification 3 years ago as the miRNA most commonly and strongly up-regulated in human brain tumour glioblastoma [1], miR-21 has attracted the attention of researchers in various fields, such as development, oncology, stem cell biology and aging, becoming one of the most studied miRNAs, along with let-7, miR-17-92 cluster ('oncomir-1'), miR-155 and a few others. However, an miR-21 knockout mouse has not yet been generated, and the data about miR-21 functions in normal cells are still very limited. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge of miR-21 functions in human disease, with an emphasis on its regulation, oncogenic role, targets in human cancers, potential as a disease biomarker and novel therapeutic target in oncology.
Amoxicillin for acute lower-respiratory-tract infection in primary care when pneumonia is not suspected: a 12-country, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (2012)

European Commission Framework Programme 6, UK National Institute for Health Research, Barcelona Ciberde Enfermedades Respiratorias, and Research Foundation Flanders.
Cyclic Hexapeptides and Chimeric Peptides as Mimics of Tendamistat (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic Hexapeptides and Chimeric Peptides as Mimics of TendamistatFelicia A. Etzkorn, Tao Guo, Mark A. Lipton, Steven D. Goldberg, and Paul A. BartlettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 23, 10412–10425Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00102a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00102a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Carbon Nanotube Quantum Resistors (1998)

The conductance of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was found to be quantized. The experimental method involved measuring the conductance of nanotubes by replacing the tip of a scanning probe microscope with a nanotube fiber, which could be lowered into a liquid metal to establish a gentle electrical contact with a nanotube at the tip of the fiber. The conductance of arc-produced MWNTs is one unit of the conductance quantum G0 = 2e2/h = (12.9 kilohms)-1. The nanotubes conduct current ballistically and do not dissipate heat. The nanotubes, which are typically 15 nanometers wide and 4 micrometers long, are several orders of magnitude greater in size and stability than other typical room-temperature quantum conductors. Extremely high stable current densities, J > 10(7) amperes per square centimeter, have been attained.
Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering from and toward the Uterus (2015)

Regenerative medicine offers the potential for replacement or repair of different types of cells within damaged tissues or the tissues themselves, typically through cell therapy or tissue engineering. Stem cells are critical to these approaches; indeed, the involvement of bone marrow in the differentiation of stem cells to nonhematopoietic cells is well demonstrated. Further, the contribution of bone marrow-derived stem cells in promoting neoangiogenesis has been demonstrated not only in animal models, but also in human clinical trials with an excellent safety profile. Recent evidence indicates that the endometrium is a tissue with the potential for regeneration through such approaches. The presence of donor cells in the endometrium of women receiving bone marrow transplantation suggests a hematopoietic source with the ability to renew this tissue. Here we describe the role of cell therapy with bone marrow-derived stem cells in treating endometrial dysfunction in Asherman syndrome and/or endometrial atrophy in human and murine models. Additionally, the emerging field of tissue engineering has recently been applied in the reproductive tissues-beyond the endometrium-with elegant studies involving humans and animal models.
Investigation on crosslinking density for development of novel interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) based formulation (2010)

Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) based formulation, consisting of sodium alginate and poly vinyl alcohol, were prepared by water-in-oil emulsion crosslinking method. IPN based formulation was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, and loaded with diclofenac sodium (DS) as a model drug. Scanning electron microscopy revealed spherical nature of microspheres (size, 472-157 μm). Drug entrapment efficiency (72%) was obtained depending upon concentration of crosslinking density. Novel formulation can be a potential carrier for controlled delivery of short half-lived drugs.
Structure and Electrochemistry of LiNi[sub 1∕3]Co[sub 1∕3−y]M[sub y]Mn[sub 1∕3]O[sub 2] (M=Ti, Al, Fe) Positive Electrode Materials (2009)

A series of materials based on the system has been synthesized and examined structurally and electrochemically. It is found that the changes in electrochemical performance depend highly on the nature of the substituting atom and its effect on the crystal structure. Substitution with small amounts of leads to the formation of a high-capacity and high-rate positive electrode material. Iron substituted materials suffer from an increased antisite defect concentration and exhibit lower capacities and poor rate capabilities. Single-phase materials are found for when and all exhibit decreased capacities when cycled to . However, an increase in rate performance and cycle stability upon aluminum substitution is correlated with an improved lamellar structure.
SUPPRESSION OF ANTI-SKIN-ALLOGRAFT RESPONSE BY PHOTODAMAGED EFFECTOR CELLS—THE MODULATING EFFECTS OF PREDNISOLONE AND CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE (1992)

Using a murine model of skin allotransplantation, we have demonstrated previously that inhibition of specific response to alloantigen is inducible by immunization of the host with intravenously administered photoinactivated antigraft effector T cells. This hyporesponsiveness, which was demonstrated by specific inhibition of mixed leukocyte culture (MLC), inhibition of cytotoxic T lympholysis (CTL), specific suppression of the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, and prolongation of specific skin allograft survival, was adoptively transferable by CD8+ radiosensitive T lymphocytes. In this study, we extend those results to evaluate the effects of an immunosuppressive agent (prednisolone) and an alkylating drug (cyclophosphamide) on the induction of this specific suppressive cellular response. Our results reveal that the administration of prednisolone reduces the induction of the specific hyporesponsiveness to alloantigen, as demonstrated by maintenance of the DTH response to alloantigen and continued accelerated rejection of skin allografts. In contrast, the administration of cyclophosphamide augmented this specific suppressive response to alloantigen in the DTH assay and in prolongation of specific skin allograft survival. These results indicate that adjuvant immunomodulating chemotherapy alters the immune response to photoinactivated effector T cells.
An MPEG-1 audio/video decoder with run-length compressed antialiased video overlays (2002)

This chip decodes MPEG-1 audio and video in real-time when connected to a single 80 ns 256 k/spl times/16 DRAM. An MPEG-1 system stream, optionally embedded in a CD data stream, is sent to the chip on either an 8 b host bus or a serial bus. The host interface contains a code FIFO that buffers input bit streams before they are written to the audio, video or overlay bitstream buffers in DRAM. The MPEG system stream is processed by interrupting the on-chip CPU after a packet of compressed data has been written to DRAM. The CPU reads the system stream headers out of the code FIFO and initiates a block transfer of the next packet of compressed data to DRAM. The chip uses less than 5% of the clock cycles for system stream processing. The chip alternates between audio decoding and video decoding, with the audio portion using 15% of the clock cycles and video using 80%.