gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heteroepitaxial structures of SrTiO3/TiN on Si(100) by in situ pulsed laser deposition (1996)

High-quality ceramics based heteroepitaxial structures of oxide-nitride-semiconductors, i.e., SrTiO3/TiN/Si(100) have been fabricated by in situ pulsed laser deposition. The dependence of substrate temperature and oxygen partial pressure on the crystalline quality of the SrTiO3 films on Si with epitaxial TiN template has been examined. We found that epitaxial growth occurs on TiN/Si(100) above 500 °C, initially at a reduced O2 pressure (10−6 Torr), and followed by a deposition in the range of 5–10×10−4 Torr. X-ray diffraction (Θ, ω, and Φ scans) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) results revealed an excellent alignment of SrTiO3 and TiN films on Si(100) with a cube-on-cube epitaxy. Rutherford backscattering and ion channeling results show a channeling minimum yield (χmin) of ∼13% for the SrTiO3 films. High-resolution TEM results on the SrTiO3/TiN interface show that the epitaxial SrTiO3 film is separated from the TiN by an uniform 80–90 Å crystalline interposing layer presumably of TiNxO1−x (oxy-nitride). The SrTiO3 film fabricated at 700 °C showed a high relative dielectric constant of 312 at the frequency of 1 MHz. The electrical resistivity and the breakdown field of the SrTiO3 films were more than 5×1012 Ω cm and 6×105 V cm−1, respectively. An estimated leakage current density measured at an electric field of 5×105 V/cm−1 was less than 10−7 A/cm2.
Clinical Application of Modest Hypothermia after Spinal Cord Injury (2009)

There is widespread interest in the use of hypothermia in the treatment of CNS injury. While there is considerable experience in the use of cooling for a variety of brain pathologies, limited data exist after spinal cord injury. In the past few years, technological advances in the induction and maintenance of cooling have been achieved and can potentially allow for a more accurate evaluation of this form of treatment. We report a series of 14 patients with an average age of 39.4 years (range, 16-62 years) with acute, complete (AIS A) cervical spinal cord injuries who underwent a protocol using an intravascular cooling catheter to achieve modest (33 degrees C) systemic hypothermia. There was an excellent correlation between intravascular and intrathecal cerebrospinal fluid temperature. The average time between injury and induction of hypothermia was 9.17 +/- 2.24 h (mean +/- SEM); the time to target temperature was 2.72 +/- 0.42 h; the duration of cooling at target temperature was 47.6 +/- 3.1 h; the average total length of time of cooling was 93.6 +/- 4 h. There was a positive correlation between temperature and heart rate. Most documented adverse events were respiratory in nature. We were able to effectively deliver systemic cooling using the cooling catheters with minimal variation in body temperature. The study represents the largest, modern series of hypothermia treatment of acute spinal cord injury with intravascular cooling techniques and provides needed baseline data for outcome studies to include larger multi-center, randomized trials.
Implementing a system in the global village (1995)

When MSAS decided to improve further the processing of freight forwarding and tracking transactions by the introduction of new information technology (IT), the need for an effective and efficient training programme emerged as one of the key determinants of the project′s success. Describes the implementation of an information technology solution from the training perspective in Australia, Singapore and the UK. Also examines the key operator concept used to support training in each of the regions and the employee reaction to the training methodology, computer‐based training (CBT).
Mimicking the Self-Organized Microstructure of Tooth Enamel (2008)

Under near-physiological pH, temperature, and ionic strength, amelogenin (Amel) accelerates hydroxyapatite (HAP) nucleation kinetics, decreasing the induction time in a concentration-dependent manner. Hierarchically organized apatite microstructures are achieved by self-assembly involving nucleated nanocrystallites and Amel oligomers and nanospheres at low supersaturations and protein concentrations in a slow and well-controlled constant composition (CC) system. The CC method allows the capture of an intermediate structure, the nanorod, following the formation of the critical nuclei at the earliest nucleation stages of calcium phosphate crystallization. The nanorod building blocks form spontaneously by synergistic interactions between flexible Amel protein assemblies and rigid calcium phosphate nanocrystallites. These intermediate structures further assemble by a self-epitaxial growth mechanism to form the final hierarchically organized microstructures that are compositionally and morphologically similar to natural enamel. This in vitro observation provides direct evidence that Amel promotes apatite crystallization and organization. We interpret our observations to propose that in vivo Amel may maximally exert an influence on the structural control of developing enamel crystals at the earliest nucleation stages.
A Randomized Controlled Study of Intravesical α−2b-Interferon in Carcinoma in Situ of the Bladder (1990)

We treated 87 patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder in a prospective randomized trial of 2 dose levels of intravesically administered alpha-2b-interferon. Patients received either low dose (10 million units) or high dose (100 million units) recombinant alpha-2b-interferon weekly for 12 weeks and then monthly for a maximum of 1 year. Of the 47 high and 38 low dose patients 20 (43%) and 2 (5%), respectively, achieved a complete response. Additionally, partial responses (cytology results positive with no histological evidence of carcinoma in situ) were noted in 23% of the high dose group. Notably, 6 of 9 patients who had failed prior intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy responded to alpha-2b-interferon treatment. Preliminary assessment has shown that among the complete responders 18 of 20 (90%) in the high dose group have maintained responses for at least 6 months after the completion of treatment (10 for more than 12 months). Seven patients in each treatment group have undergone radical cystectomy. All 14 patients had progressive disease except 1 who chose cystectomy although she was still responding to treatment. The median intervals from initial treatment to cystectomy were 18 and 32 weeks in the low and high dose groups, respectively. Local irritation or toxicity did not occur and other adverse effects were rare except for mild to moderate flu-like symptoms (8% in the low dose and 17% in the high dose groups). No patient discontinued therapy due to treatment-related adverse effects. Intravesical alpha-2b-interferon demonstrated a high level of activity in the treatment of carcinoma in situ of the bladder with the 100 million unit dose producing a significantly greater response rate (43% complete response, p less than 0.0001) than the low dose (5% complete response). Safety and tolerance were excellent with no local irritative toxicity.
Talking to UNIX in English (1984)

UC is a natural language help facility which advises users in using the UNIX operating system. Users can query UC about how to do things, command names and formats, online definitions of UNIX or general operating systems terminology, and debugging problems in using commands. UC is comprised of the following components: a language analyzer and generator, a context and memory model, an experimental common-sense planner, highly extensible knowledge bases on both the UNIX domain and the English language, a goal analysis component, and a system for acquisition of new knowledge through instruction in English. The language interface of UC is based on a “phrasal analysis” approach which integrates semantic, grammatical and other types of information. In addition, it includes capabilities for ellipsis resolution and reference disambiguation.
An ORFeome-based Analysis of Human Transcription Factor Genes and the Construction of a Microarray to Interrogate Their Expression (2004)

Transcription factors (TFs) are essential regulators of gene expression, and mutated TF genes have been shown to cause numerous human genetic diseases. Yet to date, no single, comprehensive database of human TFs exists. In this work, we describe the collection of an essentially complete set of TF genes from one depiction of the human ORFeome, and the design of a microarray to interrogate their expression. Taking 1468 known TFs from TRANSFAC, InterPro, and FlyBase, we used this seed set to search the ScriptSure human transcriptome database for additional genes. ScriptSure's genome-anchored transcript clusters allowed us to work with a nonredundant high-quality representation of the human transcriptome. We used a high-stringency similarity search by using BLASTN, and a protein motif search of the human ORFeome by using hidden Markov models of DNA-binding domains known to occur exclusively or primarily in TFs. Four hundred ninety-four additional TF genes were identified in the overlap between the two searches, bringing our estimate of the total number of human TFs to 1962. Zinc finger genes are by far the most abundant family (762 members), followed by homeobox (199 members) and basic helix-loop-helix genes (117 members). We designed a microarray of 50-mer oligonucleotide probes targeted to a unique region of the coding sequence of each gene. We have successfully used this microarray to interrogate TF gene expression in species as diverse as chickens and mice, as well as in humans.
HAVi: Home Audio Video Interoperability (2001)

Eight major consumer electronics manufacturers have come up with an open standard enabling home entertainment devices to communicate intelligently with each other. The HAVi (Home Audio Video Interoperability) standard promises to bring true platform independent interoperability to consumer devices using high bandwidth IEEE 1394 (FireWire) as the connecting medium. This paper studies the HAVi standard and what it has to offer to consumers.
Colorectal carcinogenesis: sequential steps in the in vitro immortalization and transformation of human colonic epithelial cells (review). (1990)

The development of colorectal cancer is an excellent example of the complex multistage nature of carcinogenesis and most colorectal cancers are thought to develop from adenomas. In this paper we have reviewed in vitro models developed in our laboratory for the study of human colorectal carcinogenesis. For these studies epithelial cell lines have been isolated from hereditary and sporadic colorectal adenomas representing different stages in tumour progression. Karyotypic analysis has shown specific abnormalities of chromosomes 1, 7, 14, 17, 18 and 22 to occur in these premalignant adenoma cell lines. The majority of cell cultures derived from small adenomas (less than 1 cm in diameter) senesced whereas the larger adenomas (greater than 2 cm in diameter) were more likely to give rise to immortal cell lines indicating that the acquisition of in vitro immortality occurs at a relatively late stage of colorectal carcinogenesis. Abnormalities of chromosome I have been implicated in tumour progression and in the in vitro immortalization of colorectal adenomas. Furthermore, several stages have been described in the transformation of an adenoma cell line PC/AA to a tumorigenic phenotype. Sodium butyrate and the potent carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were used in this transformation. Sodium butyrate is proposed to act as a possible promoter of colorectal carcinogenesis, and MNNG to cause the further genetic changes required for the conversion of the premalignant cells to a carcinoma. Markers to study the progression of an adenoma cell line to a tumorigenic phenotype in vitro include in vitro immortalization, aneuploidy, clonogenicity, resistance to the inhibitory effects of sodium butyrate, anchorage independent growth, ras gene activation, production of active proteinases and tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice. A role for a constitutively produced tumour promoter in colorectal carcinogenesis is discussed together with the possibility that different events are involved in the development of sporadic versus hereditary tumours due to the importance of the microenvironment in hereditary cancer. Our in vitro progression provides the first experimental evidence for the adenoma to carcinoma sequence and the cytogenetic evidence suggests that it is relevant to in vivo carcinogenesis.
Transformation to continuous growth of primary human T lymphocytes by human T-cell leukemia virus type I X-region genes transduced by a Herpesvirus saimiri vector. (1989)

The role of the X region of the genome of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) in the immortalization of lymphocytes has been difficult to distinguish from its role in viral replication as this region encodes at least two genes, tax and rex, required for replication and the expression of viral proteins. To determine whether the X region does encode immortalizing functions, a fragment of the HTLV-I provirus capable of expressing known X-region proteins was inserted into the genome of a transformation-defective, replication-competent Herpesvirus saimiri. Infection of fresh mitogen-activated human cord blood and thymocytes yielded immortal T-cell lines that had the same phenotype (CD4+, CD5+, HLA class II+, interleukin 2 receptor alpha-chain +) as lymphocytes transformed by cocultivation with HTLV-I. These experiments demonstrate that the X region encodes the functions of HTLV-I that immortalize a distinct subpopulation of human T cells. The experiments also demonstrate the utility of the H. saimiri vector for the transduction of heterologous genes into human T cells.
Genetically-Modified Hematopoietic Stem Cells and their Progeny for Widespread and Efficient Protein Delivery to Diseased Sites: The Case of Lysosomal Storage Disorders (2012)

Efficient therapeutic protein delivery is a challenging task in several disease contexts and particularly when the CNS is concerned. Different approaches for brain-directed delivery have been thus far investigated, including direct injection of molecules or of their coding information carried by dedicated vector systems within the brain parenchyma or in the ventricular space, intravenous systemic administration of molecules/vectors modified to target and cross the blood-brain-barrier, and exploitation of allogeneic and/or autologous and genetically modified cells as vehicles for the therapeutic of interest. Among these, we here review one of the most promising approaches based on hematopoietic stem cells, taking advantage of lysosomal storage disorders as representative disease setting.
Polyglutamine expansions cause decreased CRE-mediated transcription and early gene expression changes prior to cell death in an inducible cell model of Huntington's disease (2001)

Huntington's disease (HD) is one of 10 known diseases caused by a (CAG)(n) trinucleotide repeat expansion that is translated into an abnormally long polyglutamine tract. We have developed stable inducible neuronal (PC12) cell lines that express huntingtin exon 1 with varying CAG repeat lengths under doxycycline (dox) control. The expression of expanded repeats is associated with aggregate formation, caspase-dependent cell death and decreased neurite outgrowth. Post-mitotic cells expressing mutant alleles were more prone to cell death compared with identical cycling cells. To determine early metabolic changes induced by this mutation in cell models, we studied changes in gene expression after 18 h dox induction, using Affymetrix arrays, cDNA filters and adapter-tagged competitive PCR (ATAC-PCR). At this time point there were low rates of inclusion formation, no evidence of mitochondrial compromise and no excess cell death in the lines expressing expanded compared with wild-type repeats. The expression profiles suggest novel targets for the HD mutation and were compatible with impaired cAMP response element (CRE)-mediated transcription, which we confirmed using CRE-luciferase reporter assays. Reduced CRE-mediated transcription may contribute to the loss of neurite outgrowth and cell death in polyglutamine diseases, as these phenotypes were partially rescued by treating cells with cAMP or forskolin.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Cu_2(pba)(bpy)_2Cl_2·4H_2O (2000)

A new copper complex, Cu_2(pba)(bpy)_2Cl_2·4H_2O (here pba was propylenebis (oxamic acid), bpy was bipyridine), was synthesized. Crystal structure of the title complex was determined. It belongs to the tetragonal system, molecular formula Cu_2Cl_2O_ 10N_6C_ 27H_ 32, M_r=798.58, space group P4_12_12, a=b=9.484(4), c=35\^918(9), V=3235(2)3, D_x=1.64gcm -3 and F(000)=1568, μ=1\^546mm -1 for Z=4. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods for final R=0\^048 and R_w=0.060 for 1992 observed reflections with I3σ(I). The complex has a C_2 symmetry. A chloride anion, two nitrogen atoms from bipyridine and two oxygen atoms from the oxamide carbonyl and carboxyl coordinated to the Cu II ion forming a square pyramidal geometry. In each molecule, two bpy are almost parallel.
A relationship between gait and clinical changes following high tibial osteotomy. (1985)

We studied the cases of twenty-one patients with high tibial osteotomy in order to determine the relationship between knee-joint loading during gait and clinical outcome. The patients were tested before surgery, one year after surgery, and again at an average of 3.2 years after surgery. An age-matched group of fifteen control subjects was also studied. The results of this study indicate that certain characteristics of preoperative walking are associated with postoperative clinical results. In particular, the moment tending to adduct the knee joint during walking preoperatively was predictive of postoperative clinical results. The patients were classified into a high adduction-moment group and a low adduction-moment group according to the magnitude of the knee-adduction moment. The adduction moment was reduced in both groups after high tibial osteotomy. However, the average postoperative adduction moments in the low adduction-moment group were still significantly lower than those in the high adduction-moment group. The two groups were indistinguishable on the basis of preoperative knee score, initial varus deformity, immediate postoperative correction, age, and weight. However, at an average 3.2-year follow-up, patients with low preoperative adduction moments had substantially better clinical results than did patients with high adduction moments. The low adduction-moment group had 100 per cent excellent or good clinical results, while only 50 per cent of the patients in the high adduction-moment group had an excellent or good result. Furthermore, there was a significant recurrence of varus deformity in the patients in the high adduction-moment group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Emergence Delirium in a Schizophrenic Patient who Underwent Craniotomy forElevation of Depressed Skull Fracture under General Anaesthesia: A Case Report (2018)

A 21-year-old male patient with schizophrenia was scheduled for craniotomy for elevation of a right temporal region depressed skull fracture. General anaesthesia was induced with i.v sodium thiopentone and endotracheal intubation was facilitated with i.v rocuronium and maintained with sevoflurane and mechanically ventilated with volume controlled ventilation. There were no complications intraoperatively. However, postoperatively in the post anaesthesia care unit, the patient developed emergence delirium which responded to intravenous diazepam.
Mas Deficiency in FVB/N Mice Produces Marked Changes in Lipid and Glycemic Metabolism (2007)

These results show that Mas deficiency in FVB/N mice leads to dramatic changes in glucose and lipid metabolisms, inducing a metabolic syndrome-like state.
Frontiers in pruritus research: scratching the brain for more effective itch therapy (2006)

This Review highlights selected frontiers in pruritus research and focuses on recently attained insights into the neurophysiological, neuroimmunological, and neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying skin-derived itch (pruritogenic pruritus), which may affect future antipruritic strategies. Special attention is paid to newly identified itch-specific neuronal pathways in the spinothalamic tract that are distinct from pain pathways and to CNS regions that process peripheral pruritogenic stimuli. In addition, the relation between itch and pain is discussed, with emphasis on how the intimate contacts between these closely related yet distinct sensory phenomena may be exploited therapeutically. Furthermore, newly identified or unduly neglected intracutaneous itch mediators (e.g., endovanilloids, proteases, cannabinoids, opioids, neurotrophins, and cytokines) and relevant receptors (e.g., vanilloid receptor channels and proteinase-activated, cannabinoid, opioid, cytokine, and new histamine receptors) are discussed. In summarizing promising new avenues for managing itch more effectively, we advocate therapeutic approaches that strive for the combination of peripherally active antiinflammatory agents with drugs that counteract chronic central itch sensitization.
Abstract 3640: IL-9 is involved in the establishment of a tolerogenic milieu that prevents anti-tumor immunity (2014)

Abstract IL-9 is a Th2 cytokine associated with T regulatory cell function, parasite expulsion and allergic airway inflammation. In many tumors IL-9 contributes to the establishment of a tolerogenic / immunosuppressive environment or acts directly to drive tumor growth, whereas in melanomas it inhibits tumor growth. Little is known about the effect of IL-9 in breast cancer biology. Here we show that IL-9 is a key factor in establishing a permissive growth environment for two murine breast cancer cells lines: TUBO cells that express Her2/neu and 4T1 cells that resemble aggressive, triple-negative breast cancers. We observed that TUBO cells were rejected by 78%, and 4T1 cells by 68% of IL-9 -/- (IL-9ko) mice, and that in the remaining mice the tumors developed later and grew slower than in WT mice. Tumor rejection is CD8+ T cell dependent and is capable of producing a memory response against tumor rechallenge. Delayed depletion of CD8+ T cells in mice that had rejected 4T1 cells showed no tumor growth in 63 % of the mice, suggesting that in these mice the tumor had been completely eradicated and was not held in stasis by immune surveillance. Furthermore we found a 3.7 fold increase (p=0.007) in the number of activated CD8+ T cells derived from IL-9ko mice rejecting tumors as compared to CD8+ T cells from tumor bearing WT mice. More importantly, the transfer of activated splenocytes from IL-9ko mice led to tumor rejection in WT mice (p&amp;lt;0.001). Moreover, WT mice treated with neutralizing anti-IL-9 evidenced slower 4T1 tumor growth compared to untreated and isotype control antibody treated mice. These data suggest that IL-9 neutralization should be examined as an adjuvant to immunotherapeutic or chemotherapeutic approaches. Supported by the NCI : CA155295 Citation Format: Dominique B. Hoelzinger, Ana Lucia Dominguez, Peter A. Cohen, Sandra J. Gendker. IL-9 is involved in the establishment of a tolerogenic milieu that prevents anti-tumor immunity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3640. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3640