gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase family: Modules at work (1993)

The combined use of molecular and structural biology techniques has proved very efficient in elucidating structure-function relationships in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Our present understanding of this family of enzymes is based on two main unifying principles: (i) division into two different classes, corresponding to two different modes of ATP binding and attachment of the activated amino acid to the last nucleotide of tRNA (either 2'OH or 3'OH of the ribose) by two different catalytic mechanisms and two structural domains with completely different folding, and (ii) the modular organization into separate and additional domains that we are just beginning to understand. Sequence analysis complements very nicely existing structural, biochemical and genetic results and makes them more general, leading to verifiable predictions.
Dynamic holography for optical interconnections I Noise floor of low-cross-talk holographic switches (2001)

Reconfigurable optical interconnects constructed by recording dynamic holograms onto spatial light modulators may be crucial elements in all-optical networks. The extremely low cross-talk level of such free-space holographic switches was shown by an analytic approximation and verified experimentally. The fiber-to-fiber switch utilizes the spatial filtering properties of single-mode fibers, and its cross-talk noise is limited to the sidelobe power as a result of diffraction of the clipped Gaussian beam at the hologram aperture edges, provided that all higher orders are avoided. Greater than 45-dB cross-talk isolation has been measured at transverse-axis locations, and locating a fiber port at off-transverse-axis directions promises to double this level if aberrations are negligible.
PAPR reduction of OFDM signal using turbo coding and selective mapping (2004)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique is a promising technique to offer high data rate and reliable communications over fading channels. The main implementation disadvantage of OFDM is the possibility of high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). This paper presents a novel technique to reduce the PAPR using turbo coding and selective mapping (SLM). We show that the probability of the PAPR of OFDM signal with 128 subcarriers exceeding 7 dB can be reduced from 70% to 0.25% with bit error rate (BER) of 6 10 -5 at signal to noise ratio (SNR) 4 dB.
Minimally invasive non‐thermal laser technology using laser‐induced optical breakdown for skin rejuvenation (2011)

We describe a novel, minimally invasive laser technology for skin rejuvenation by creating isolated microscopic lesions within tissue below the epidermis using laser induced optical breakdown. Using an in-house built prototype device, tightly focused near-infrared laser pulses are used to create optical breakdown in the dermis while leaving the epidermis intact, resulting in lesions due to cavitation and plasma explosion. This stimulates a healing response and consequently skin remodelling, resulting in skin rejuvenation effects. Analysis of ex-vivo and in-vivo treated human skin samples successfully demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of the microscopic lesion creation inside the dermis. Treatments led to mild side effects that can be controlled by small optimizations of the optical skin contact and treatment depth within the skin. The histological results from a limited panel test performed on five test volunteers show evidence of microscopic lesion creation and new collagen formation at the sites of the optical breakdown. This potentially introduces a safe, breakthrough treatment procedure for skin rejuvenation without damaging the epidermis with no or little social down-time and with efficacy comparable to conventional fractional ablative techniques.
Controlled attenuation parameter for the diagnosis of steatosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (2015)

The association of CAP with steatosis, especially in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and with elevated BMI could be useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of NAFLD patients.
THE PERMANENT LIFE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE OUTSIDE OF THE ORGANISM (1913)

PLATES 53 AND 54
Correlation between tumor regression and T cell responses in melanoma patients vaccinated with a MAGE antigen (2004)

The cancer-germline gene MAGE-3 codes for tumor-specific antigens recognized on many tumors by T lymphocytes. A MAGE-3 antigen presented by HLA-A1 has been used in several vaccination trials on metastatic melanoma patients. Only a small minority of patients have shown evidence of tumor regression. Attempts to correlate the tumor rejections with the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against the vaccine have been hampered by the low level of these responses. In noncancerous individuals, the frequency of the T cell precursors against antigen MAGE-3.A1 is approximately 4 x 10(-7) CD8 T cells. The diversity of the T cell receptor repertoire of these anti-MAGE-3.A1 precursors was analyzed in one individual. The results indicate that it is very likely that the repertoire comprises >100 clonotypes. On this basis, it is possible to use not only the frequency of CTL precursors in the blood but also the presence of dominant clonotypes to ascertain in patients the existence of anti-MAGE-3.A1 responses as low as 10(-6) of CD8. With this approach, we observed a correlation between tumor regression and anti-MAGE-3.A1 CTL responses in patients vaccinated with a recombinant virus encoding the antigen and also in patients vaccinated with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. In contrast, for patients showing tumor regression after vaccination with peptide alone, CTL responses were almost never observed. It is possible that even those CTL responses that are below our present detection level can trigger a sequence of events that leads to tumor regression.
Antibody Response in Rhesus Monkeys and Guinea Pigs to Inoculation with RNA Derived from Antigenically Stimulated Cell-Free Systems (1970)

Abstract Cell-free systems derived from rhesus monkey or guinea pig spleens were incubated with influenza virus hemagglutinins. The RNA extracted was designated as informational RNA and was found to be capable of inducing specific antibody responses in recipient non-immune rhesus monkeys and guinea pigs. The immunogenic activity of informational RNA was species-specific and sensitive to the action of RNase. Therefore, it was concluded that the antibody responses observed were due to RNA itself and not to traces of antigen possible present. The doses of RNA injected per animal ranged from 0.73 µg to 0.0005 µg. No correlation was found between immunogenic activity and the dose of RNA.
Modulation of the Arachidonic Cascade with &#969;3 Fatty Acids or Analogues: Potential Therapeutic Benefits (2004)

Increasing interest in the role of omega3 fatty acids has arisen in these latest years since evidence of their implication in the cardioprotective fish based diet of the Inuit has been demonstrated. Furthermore, several in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies support the benefit of this fatty acids intake in various pathological states such as in the cardiovascular, cancer, inflammation, psychiatric, paediatric, pulmonary, dermatological and ophthalmologic fields. This review will focus on metabolism and pharmacological implication of omega3 fatty acids intake as well as its interest in the prevention or treatment of the above-mentioned pathologies.
Optical network synthesis using birefringent crystals (1964)

Abstract : A procedure for the synthesis of birefringent networks having arbitrarily prescribed transfer functions is presented. The basic network configuration consists of n identical dascaded birefringent crystals betweenan input and an output polarizer. The crystals are cut with their optic axes perpendicular to their length. The variable determined by the synthesis procedure are the angles of the optic axes of the crystals and the angle of the output polarizer. Any transfer function which is periodic with frequency and whose corresponding impulse response is real and causal can in theory be realized. A network of n crystals allows the approximation of a desired function by (n + 1) terms of b fourier exponential series. (Author)
Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Compression and Injection Molded PEEK/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Characterization of the active site of monkey sperm hyaluronidase (2001)

The mammalian sperm hyaluronidase, PH-20, is active in macaque spermatozoa at neutral and acid pH. Antibodies were produced to synthesized peptides representing regions of PH-20 that may be involved in hyaluronidase activity and designated peptide 1 (amino acid sequence 142-172) and peptide 3 (amino acid sequence 277-297). Western blotting of proteins extracted from the surface of acrosome-intact spermatozoa showed that the two peptide-specific, affinity-purified IgGs label a 64 kDa band corresponding to the PH-20 molecule. Western blots of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa showed that, under reducing conditions, the two anti-peptide IgGs label the 44 kDa band only, which represents the N-terminal fragment of PH-20. Anti-peptide 3 IgG also labels the 53 kDa form of PH-20 in extracts of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. Peptide-specific, affinity-purified Fab fragments from both IgGs were shown by fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to label the sperm plasma membrane, fused acrosomal vesicles, acrosomal matrix and inner acrosomal membrane. Fab fragments of anti-peptide 1 IgG, but not anti-peptide 3 IgG, inhibited hyaluronidase activity of PH-20 from the sperm surface and from extracts of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa at pH 7.0. Fab fragments of both anti-peptide IgGs inhibited sperm hyaluronidase activity at pH 5.0. It is concluded that the region of PH-20 encompassed by the amino acid sequence 142-172 is essential for hyaluronidase activity at neutral pH, whereas the region of amino acid sequence 277-297 may be more important at a lower pH. It is likely that these two regions are the acid/base catalyst site and the nucleophilic site, respectively, of PH-20 hyaluronidases.
Highly Stretchable and Flexible Graphene/ITO Hybrid Transparent Electrode (2016)

The flexible hybrid transparent electrode was prepared by a two-step process: graphene film was firstly grown on Cu foil by modified thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and then transferred onto indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The quality of the graphene is characterized by various analytic techniques, including the AFM, SEM, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The gradient flux was found to be beneficial to decrease defect. The thickness, morphology, light transmittance, and electromechanical properties of three conductive electrodes were investigated and compared. The outcomes show that the hybrid electrode could resist mechanical force and the results are better than original ITO electrode. It may be a potential trend to apply the graphene to other conducts in the flexible transparent conductive field.
Quantum spin chains and Majorana states in arrays of coupled qubits (2001)

Several designs of inter-qubit coupling are considered. It is shown that by a combination of Josephson and capacitive coupling one can realize qubit interactions of variable spin content. Qubit arrays are discussed as models of quantum spin chains. In particular, a qubit model of the 1D quantum Ising spin chain is proposed. A realization of unpaired Majorana fermion states in this system is considered. It is shown that Majorana states are represented by spin flip excitations localized on the chain ends. Using unpaired Majorana states in qubit chains for decoherence protected quantum computing is discussed.
Solubilization of Membrane-Associated Cross-Protection Factor(s) of Pasteurella multocida (1989)

Pasteurella multocida harvested from the blood of turkeys dying of experimental fowl cholera were purified by centrifugation and lysed. The soluble and membrane-associated components of the bacteria were separated by centrifugation. Nonionic (octylglucoside) and zwitterionic (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate; CHAPS) detergents were tested for their abilities to solubilize the cross-protection factor(s) (CPF) from the membrane-associated component. Protection studies in turkeys showed that optimum solubilization was by 1.0% octylglucoside and 0.5% CHAPS. Antibodies from turkeys made against solubilized membrane-associated CPF passively cross-protected poults against challenge. Ion exchange chromatography of detergent-solubilized CPF resulted in elution of two protein-containing peaks, each of which conferred active immune protection.
The urgent need to recover MHC class I in cancers for effective immunotherapy (2016)

Immune escape strategies aimed to avoid T-cell recognition, including the loss of tumor MHC class I expression, are commonly found in malignant cells. Tumor immune escape has proven to have a negative effect on the clinical outcome of cancer immunotherapy, including treatment with antibodies blocking immune checkpoint molecules. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel approaches to overcome tumor immune evasion. MHC class I antigen presentation is often affected in human cancers and the capacity to induce upregulation of MHC class I cell surface expression is a critical step in the induction of tumor rejection. This review focuses on characterization of rejection, escape, and dormant profiles of tumors and its microenvironment with a special emphasis on the tumor MHC class I expression. We also discuss possible approaches to recover MHC class I expression on tumor cells harboring reversible/'soft' or irreversible/'hard' genetic lesions. Such MHC class I recovery approaches might well synergize with complementary forms of immunotherapy.
Long-Distance, Graft-Transmissible Action of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T Protein to Promote Flowering (2008)

Day length perceived by a leaf is a major environmental factor that controls the timing of flowering. It has been believed that a mobile, long-distance signal called florigen is produced in the leaf under inductive day length conditions, and is transported to the shoot apex where it triggers floral morphogenesis. Grafting experiments have shown that florigen is transmissible from a donor plant that has been subjected to inductive day length to an uninduced recipient plant. However, the nature of florigen has long remained elusive. Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is expressed in cotyledons and leaves in response to inductive long days (LDs). FT protein, with a basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor FD, acts in the shoot apex to induce target meristem identity genes such as APETALA1 (AP1) and initiates floral morphogenesis. Recent studies have provided evidence that the FT protein in Arabidopsis and corresponding proteins in other species are an important part of florigen. Our work shows that the FT activity, either from overexpressing or inducible transgenes or from the endogenous gene, to promote flowering is transmissible through a graft junction, and that an FT protein with a T7 tag is transported from a donor scion to the apical region of recipient stock plants and becomes detectable within a day or two. The sequence and structure of mRNA are not of critical importance for the long-distance action of the FT gene. These observations led to the conclusion that the FT protein, but not mRNA, is the essential component of florigen.
Gene transfer into hepatocytes using asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated endocytosis of DNA complexed with an artificial tetra-antennary galactose ligand (1992)

We have constructed an artificial ligand for the hepatocyte-specific asialoglycoprotein receptor for the purpose of generating a synthetic delivery system for DNA. This ligand has a tetra-antennary structure, containing four terminal galactose residues on a branched carrier peptide. The carbohydrate residues of this glycopeptide were introduced by reductive coupling of lactose to the alpha- and epsilon-amino groups of the two N-terminal lysines on the carrier peptide. The C-terminus of the peptide, containing a cysteine separated from the branched N-terminus by a 10 amino acid spacer sequence, was used for conjugation to 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate-modified polylysine via disulfide bond formation. Complexes containing plasmid DNA bound to these galactose-polylysine conjugates have been used for asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated transfer of a luciferase gene into human (HepG2) and murine (BNL CL.2) hepatocyte cell lines. Gene transfer was strongly promoted when amphipathic peptides with pH-controlled membrane-disruption activity, derived from the N-terminal sequence of influenza virus hemagglutinin HA-2, were also present in these DNA complexes. Thus, we have essentially borrowed the small functional domains of two large proteins, asialoglycoprotein and hemagglutinin, and assembled them into a supramolecular complex to generate an efficient gene-transfer system.
Addressing Brain Tumors with Targeted Gold Nanoparticles: A New Gold Standard for Hydrophobic Drug Delivery? (2011)

EGF-modified Au NP-Pc 4 conjugates showed 10-fold improved selectivity to the brain tumor compared to untargeted conjugates. The hydrophobic photodynamic therapy drug Pc 4 can be delivered efficiently into glioma brain tumors by EGF peptide-targeted Au NPs. Compared to the untargeted conjugates, EGF-Au NP-Pc 4 conjugates showed 10-fold improved selectivity to the brain tumor. This delivery system holds promise for future delivery of a wider range of hydrophobic therapeutic drugs for the treatment of hard-to-reach cancers.
Study on Anti-Oketsu Activity of Rhubarb. II. Anti-allergic Effects of Stilbene Components from Rhei undulati Rhizoma (Dried Rhizome of Rheum undulatum Cultivated in Korea). (2001)

Methanol extract (RM-ext) obtained from the dried rhizome of Rheum undulatum was screened for activity in experimental models of type I allergy. RM-ext exhibited the inhibition on 48-h homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats and an antigen-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Among nine stilbenes isolated from RM-ext, seven inhibited the histamine release. Rhapontigenin (compound 1), piceatannol (2) and piceatannol 3'-beta-D-glycoside (6) with oral administration showed the inhibition on PCA. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the inhibitory effect on sheep red blood cell-induced delayed-type hyper sensitivity (SRBC-DTH) of type IV allergic model. These results indicated that the rhizome of Rheum undulatum inhibits the allergic reactions and that these inhibitory effects may be partially attributable to the stilbenes mentioned above.
Sleep Deprivation and Sustained Attention Performance: Integrating Mathematical and Cognitive Modeling (2009)

A long history of research has revealed many neurophysiological changes and concomitant behavioral impacts of sleep deprivation, sleep restriction, and circadian rhythms. Little research, however, has been conducted in the area of computational cognitive modeling to understand the information processing mechanisms through which neurobehavioral factors operate to produce degradations in human performance. Our approach to understanding this relationship is to link predictions of overall cognitive functioning, or alertness, from existing biomathematical models to information processing parameters in a cognitive architecture, leveraging the strengths from each to develop a more comprehensive explanation. The integration of these methodologies is used to account for changes in human performance on a sustained attention task across 88 h of total sleep deprivation. The integrated model captures changes due to time awake and circadian rhythms, and it also provides an account for underlying changes in the cognitive processes that give rise to those effects. The results show the potential for developing mechanistic accounts of how fatigue impacts cognition, and they illustrate the increased explanatory power that is possible by combining theoretical insights from multiple methodologies.
Gastrointestinal effects of prebiotics (2002)

The defining effect of prebiotics is to stimulate selectively the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the gut and, thereby, increase the body's natural resistance to invading pathogens. Prebiotic carbohydrates may also have additional, less specific, benefits because they are fermented in the large intestine. The prebiotic carbohydrates that have been evaluated in humans at the present time largely consist of fructans or galactans. There is consistent evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies that these are not digested by normal human enzymes, but are readily fermented by anaerobic bacteria in the large intestine. There are no reports of faecal recovery of measurable quantities of prebiotic carbohydrates. Through fermentation in the large intestine, prebiotic carbohydrates yield short-chain fatty acids, stimulate the growth of many bacterial species in addition to the selective effects on lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, they can also produce gas. Along with other fermented carbohydrates, prebiotics have mild laxative effects, although this has proved difficult to demonstrate in human studies because the magnitude of laxation is small. Potentially, the most important effect of prebiotic carbohydrates is to strengthen the body's resistance to invading pathogens and, thereby, prevent episodes of diarrhoea. At the present time, this effect has not been convincingly demonstrated in either adults or children, although there have been attempts to ameliorate the diarrhoea associated with antibiotics and travel, but without success. However, prebiotic carbohydrates clearly have significant and distinctive physiological effects in the human large intestine, and on the basis of this it is likely that they will ultimately be shown to be beneficial to health.
Molecular beacon aptamer fluoresces in the presence of Tat protein of HIV‐1 (2000)

A novel strategy for exploiting aptamers in the analysis of Tat (analyte) has been described. A similar strategy could be used to study other analytes such as proteins and small molecules. In addition, the molecular beacon aptamer requires half the length of target sequence (eight nucleotides) in comparison with molecular beacons. Thus, it is conceivable that we could insert an analyte-binding site into molecular beacons to convert them to signalling beacons.
Relation of plasma levels and composition of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins to angiographically defined coronary artery disease in young patients with myocardial infarction. (1993)

Global coronary atherosclerosis and distinct stenoses in young postinfarction patients are associated with the number of apolipoprotein B-containing particles in plasma and the concentration of LDL triglyceride. Specifically, dense triglyceride-rich LDL particles and, in hypertriglyceridemic patients, small cholesteryl ester-rich VLDL particles relate to coronary artery disease severity.