gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell adhesion and drug resistance in cancer (1997)

The impact of cell adhesion in the pathobiology of tumors has been studied almost exclusively in the context of invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Here we review data supporting a major role for cell-cell adhesion in the regulation of intrinsic or acquired resistance of solid tumors to various anticancer therapeutics. Cell-cell interactions are known to protect cells from apoptosis, and may help to explain chemoresistance of solid tumors. Recent data implicates p27KIP1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, as a possible mediator of adhesion-dependent drug resistance. A model is described whereby cell-cell interactions signal the upregulation of p27, which in turn causes growth arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and resistance to apoptosis induced by anticancer agents that target rapidly dividing cells. We focus on E-cadherin, a homophilic cell-cell adhesion molecule capable of upregulating p27, as one potential mediator of intrinsic resistance of carcinomas. A clearer understanding of how cell-cell adhesion suppresses cell growth and apoptosis should aid in the development of novel, more effective anticancer strategies.
Systemic gemcitabine combined with intra-arterial low-dose cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Seven cases (2008)

The combination of intra-arterial low-dose cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is effective against advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Systemic gemcitabine chemotherapy seems effective in many cancers. We report the results of combination therapy with systemic gemcitabine, intra-arterial low-dose cisplatin and 5-FU (GEMFP). Seven patients with non-resectable advanced HCC were treated with GEMFP. One course of chemotherapy consisted of daily intra-arterial cisplatin (20 mg/body weight/hour on d 1, 10 mg/body weight per 0.5 h on d 2-5 and 8-12), followed by 5-FU (250 mg/body weight per 5 h on d 1-5 and 8-12) via an injection port. Gemcitabine at 1000 mg/m 2 was administered intravenously at 0.5 h on d 1 and 8. The objective response was 57%. The response to GEMFP was as follows: complete response (no patients), partial response (four patients), stable disease (three patients), and progressive disease (no patients). The median survival period was 8 mo (range, 5-55). With regard to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions, seven (100%), seven, six (86%) and one (14%) patients developed leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia, respectively. GEMFP may potentially be effective for nonresectable advanced HCC, but it has severe hematologic toxicity.
Two yeast genes that encode unusual protein kinases. (1987)

Mixed synthetic oligonucleotides encoding sequences conserved among tyrosine-specific protein kinases were used to probe the genome of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two genes with homology to protein kinases were isolated and characterized by DNA sequence analysis. These genes, designated KIN1 and KIN2, are closely related to each other. Among previously characterized protein kinases, the products of KIN1 and KIN2 are most closely related to the bovine cAMP-dependent protein kinase (30% amino acid identities) and the protein encoded by the v-src oncogene (27% and 25% identities with KIN1 and KIN2, respectively) within their putative kinase domains. KIN1 and KIN2 are transcribed into 3.5-kilobase mRNAs that contain uninterrupted open reading frames encoding polypeptides of 117 kDa and 126 kDa, respectively. The predicted proteins are unusual in two respects: (i) their catalytic domains are carried near the N termini of relatively large proteins, in contrast to the majority of characterized protein kinases, and (ii) these catalytic domains are structural mosaics, with some features characteristic of tyrosine-specific protein kinases and other elements that are distinctive of serine/threonine-specific enzymes.
Temporal and Regional Changes after Focal Traumatic Brain Injury (2009)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to evaluate the consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in both experimental and clinical studies. Improved assessment of experimental TBI using the same methods as those used in clinical investigations would help to translate laboratory research into clinical advances. Here our goal was to characterize lateral fluid percussion-induced TBI, with special emphasis on differentiating the contused cortex from the pericontusional subcortical tissue. We used both in vivo MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) to evaluate adult male Sprague-Dawley rats 24 h and 48 h and 7 days after TBI. T2 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were derived from T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images, respectively. Ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline compounds (Cho), and lactate (Lac) over creatine (Cr) were estimated by (1)H-MRS. T2 values were high in the contused cortex 24 h after TBI, suggesting edema development; ADC was low, consistent with cytotoxic edema. At the same site, NAA/Cr was decreased and Lac/Cr elevated during the first week after TBI. In the ipsilateral subcortical area, NAA/Cr was markedly decreased and Lac/Cr was elevated during the first week, although MRI showed no evidence of edema, suggesting that (1)H-MRS detected "invisible" damage. (1)H-MRS combined with MRI may improve the detection of brain injury. Extensive assessments of animal models may increase the chances of developing successful neuroprotective strategies.
Continuous CO2 Capture from Flue Gases Using a Dual Fluidized Bed Reactor with Calcium-Based Sorbent (2009)

CO2 capture using multiple carbonation and calcination reaction looping is an emerging postcombustion capture technology. Dual fluidized bed reactors are the key technology to fulfill the carbonation/calcination looping process. Dual bubbling fluidized bed reactors were constructed to demonstrate the process feasibility of continuous CO2 capture from flue gases. First, a cold model of the dual bubbling fluidized bed reactor was built and tested on the foundation of analyzing different types of dual fluidized bed reactors. Long-term stable operation and continuous solids circulation between the two reactors was achieved in the cold model. The solids circulation rate increased with increasing bed material height, solid injection nozzle diameter, and hole diameter on the solid injection nozzle. Second, a hot model of the dual bubbling fluidized bed reactor was constructed. The sorbent particles successfully circulated between the carbonator and the regenerator at high temperatures and the CO2 in the flue gases was continuously captured by the Ca-based sorbent, dolomite. Experimental results indicate that ∼95.0% CO2 capture efficiency could be achieved. In the carbonator, about 70.4% CaO in the sorbent was converted to CaCO3. In the regenerator, the CaCO3 did not decompose completely with more than 13.9 wt % CaCO3 still in the sorbent leaving the regenerator. The carbonation temperature and the sorbent attrition were found to significantly influence the carbonation/calcination looping process.
Monoclonal Antibody Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer With Cetuximab (2012)

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease, with a median survival of around 6 months for patients with stage IV disease. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, or HER1) belongs to the erbB receptor tyrosine kinase family. HER1-mediated cell signaling has been shown to play a major role in promoting tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and evasion of apoptosis. Over-expression of HER1 is observed in multiple human malignancies, including colorectal, lung, breast and pancreatic cancers. In pancreatic carcinoma, over-expression of HER1 is observed in greater than 70% of patients and is associated with a poor prognosis and a significant decrease in survival. Cetuximab (Erbitux) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to the extracellular domain of the HER1 molecule preventing ligand binding and promoting internalization and subsequent degradation of the HER1 receptor. Cetuximab has shown anti-tumor activity either alone or in combination with other agents and is currently FDA approved for use in both squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and colorectal carcinoma. Research efforts continue to elucidate a possible role for cetuximab in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Despite promising preclinical work, phase II and phase III clinical trials have failed to consistently show efficacy of cetuximab treatment in advanced pancreatic cancer either alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents. Alternative approaches to HER1 blockade and mAbs including immune modulation with cytokines might be necessary in order to improve the efficacy of mAbs in pancreatic cancer therapy.
Use of baculovirus MHC/peptide display libraries to characterize T‐cell receptor ligands (2006)

Peptide/protein display libraries are powerful tools for identifying and manipulating receptor/ligand pairs. While the large size of bacterial phage display libraries has made them the platform of choice in many applications, often considerable engineering has been required to achieve display of properly folded and active eukaryotic proteins, such as antibodies. This problem has been partially solved in several eukaryotic display systems, e.g. using yeast or retroviruses, but these systems have their own limitations. Recently, baculovirus has been developed as a display system using the virus itself or infected insect cells as the display platform. Here, we review the development and use of baculovirus-infected cells as a platform for display libraries of peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHCI) or class II (MHCII). We have used fluorescent multimeric soluble T-cell receptors (TCRs) to screen these libraries and to identify peptide antigen mimotopes. We also present some improvements to this system that allow very large libraries to be constructed and screened. We have used these libraries to examine the role of MHCII-bound peptides in the presentation of the staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and to manipulate an MHCI tumor-associated antigen.
Steady magnetic fields in noninvasive electromagnetic flowmetry (1980)

Transcutaneous electromagnetic (EM) flowmetry measures, noninvasively, the induced voltage generated by the flow of blood through a region immersed in a magnetic field. Steady magnetic fields of less than 0.5 tesla (T) have been used to measure pulsatile popliteal, brachial, and bilateral common carotid blood flow in normal subjects, in patients with arteriovascular disease, and in subjects with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) surgically created for hemodialysis. In these studies, field magnitude and time of exposure were below the limits suggested by two exposure guidelines available. Flow rate was calculated from the measured voltages and geometrical and electrical parameters using equations developed for three-media (body segment-vessel-blood) cylindrical models, based on electromagnetic theory. The 68 measurements reported here are in the expected range.
The signal sequence suffices to direct export of outer membrane protein OmpA of Escherichia coli K-12 (1987)

We studied whether information required for export is present within the mature form of the Escherichia coli 325-residue outer membrane protein OmpA. We had previously analyzed overlapping internal deletions in the ompA gene, and the results allowed us to conclude that if such information exists it must be present repeatedly within the membrane part of the protein encompassing amino acid residues 1 to 177 (R. Freudl, H. Schwarz, M. Klose, N. R. Movva, and U. Henning, EMBO J. 4:3593-3598, 1985). A deletion which removed the codons for amino acid residues 1 to 229 of the OmpA protein was constructed. In this construct the signal sequence was fused to the periplasmic part of the protein. The resulting protein, designated Pro-OmpA delta 1-229, was processed, and the mature 95-residue protein accumulated in the periplasm. Hence, information required for export does not exist within the OmpA protein.
CFH Y402H Confers Similar Risk of Soft Drusen and Both Forms of Advanced AMD (2005)

Soft drusen occur prior to progression to advanced AMD and represent a histological feature shared by neovascular AMD and GA. Our results suggest that CFH is a major risk factor of soft drusen, and additional genetic factors and/or environmental factors may be required for progression to advanced AMD.
Pen + touch = new tools (2010)

We describe techniques for direct pen+touch input. We observe people's manual behaviors with physical paper and notebooks. These serve as the foundation for a prototype Microsoft Surface application, centered on note-taking and scrapbooking of materials. Based on our explorations we advocate a division of labor between pen and touch: the pen writes, touch manipulates, and the combination of pen + touch yields new tools. This articulates how our system interprets unimodal pen, unimodal touch, and multimodal pen+touch inputs, respectively. For example, the user can hold a photo and drag off with the pen to create and place a copy; hold a photo and cross it in a freeform path with the pen to slice it in two; or hold selected photos and tap one with the pen to staple them all together. Touch thus unifies object selection with mode switching of the pen, while the muscular tension of holding touch serves as the "glue" that phrases together all the inputs into a unitary multimodal gesture. This helps the UI designer to avoid encumbrances such as physical buttons, persistent modes, or widgets that detract from the user's focus on the workspace.
Nucleic acids. 16. Orally active derivatives of ara-cytidine (1976)

Water-soluble derivatives of ara-cytidine (cytarabine, Cytosar) were prepared and tested for antitumor, immunosuppressive, and antiarthritic activities in animals after oral administration. The compounds tested included the 5'-palmitate, 5'-benzoate, and 5'-adamantoate esters of ara-cytidine, made water soluble by use of their hydrochloride salts of peptidyl derivatives, and two basic 5' esters (5'-nicotinoate and 5'-quinuclidinate) as their hydrochloride salts. Five of the compounds had antitumor activity superior to that found with ara-cytidine itself after oral administration in the L1210 leukemic mouse assay. One of these, 5'-adamantoyl-ara-cytidine hydrochloride, had antitumor activity after oral administration approaching that achieved with parenterally administered ara-cytidine.
Gastrointestinal influences in multiple sclerosis: Focus on the role of the microbiome (2018)

Abstract Despite extensive research, the etiology of multiple sclerosis remains unclear. Gene–environment interactions are believed to determine the risk of disease, but the necessary exposures have not been identified. Here, we review the evidence for the role of disturbances in the normal intestinal flora (the gut microbiome) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. We present data from human and animal studies proposing that the intestinal immune system integrates bacterial signaling with systemic inflammatory and regulatory responses. Dysbiosis, which is observed more frequently in multiple sclerosis than in health, can skew the intestinal T‐cell repertoire towards an effector T‐cell response, which is subsequently amplified in different tissues. In patients with a genetically determined predisposition, this could lead to inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system. Furthermore, bacterial products can directly affect the blood–brain barrier, neurons and microglia, and bacterial antigens that mimic neuro‐antigens can lead to activation and proliferation of autoreactive T cells.
Needle and Trocar Injuries in Diagnostic Laparoscopy under Local Anesthesia: What Is the True Incidence of These Complications? (2003)

Laparoscopy is a relatively safe invasive procedure, but complications can occur, mainly related to Veress needle and trocar insertion. The rate of these complications is generally reported to be low, but the true incidence may be higher because of underreporting. We retrospectively studied the records of 2650 consecutive diagnostic laparoscopies performed by the same operator with the aim of assessing the true incidence and nature of these complications. Major complications occurred in 0.41% of cases and included bladder injury, bowel perforation, hemoperitoneum, and abdominal wall hematoma. Minor complications, including omental and subcutaneous emphysema, occurred in 1.58% of cases. Some of these resolved spontaneously, whereas others required surgical or medical treatment. We believe that all laparoscopic complications should be reported to a registry so that their potential risk can be quantified. Simply reporting complications as major or minor on the basis of the follow-up does not allow laparoscopists to understand their true incidence completely.
The Metabolism and Excretion of Curcumin (1,7-Bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) in the Rat (1978)

Curcumin labelled with deuterium and tritium was prepared. Oral and intraperitoneal doses of [3H]curcumin led to the faecal excretion of most of the radioactivity. 2. Intravenous and intraperitoneal doses of [3H]curcumin were well excreted in the bile of cannulated rats. 3. The major biliary metabolites were glucuronides of tetrahydrocurcumin and hexahydrocurcumin. A minor biliary metabolite was dihydroferulic acid together with traces of ferulic acid. Metabolites were identified using chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
Visualization and functional characterization of the developing murine cardiac conduction system (2001)

The cardiac conduction system is a complex network of cells that together orchestrate the rhythmic and coordinated depolarization of the heart. The molecular mechanisms regulating the specification and patterning of cells that form this conductive network are largely unknown. Studies in avian models have suggested that components of the cardiac conduction system arise from progressive recruitment of cardiomyogenic progenitors, potentially influenced by inductive effects from the neighboring coronary vasculature. However, relatively little is known about the process of conduction system development in mammalian species, especially in the mouse, where even the histological identification of the conductive network remains problematic. We have identified a line of transgenic mice where lacZ reporter gene expression delineates the developing and mature murine cardiac conduction system, extending proximally from the sinoatrial node to the distal Purkinje fibers. Optical mapping of cardiac electrical activity using a voltage-sensitive dye confirms that cells identified by the lacZ reporter gene are indeed components of the specialized conduction system. Analysis of lacZ expression during sequential stages of cardiogenesis provides a detailed view of the maturation of the conductive network and demonstrates that patterning occurs surprisingly early in embryogenesis. Moreover, optical mapping studies of embryonic hearts demonstrate that a murine His-Purkinje system is functioning well before septation has completed. Thus, these studies describe a novel marker of the murine cardiac conduction system that identifies this specialized network of cells throughout cardiac development. Analysis of lacZ expression and optical mapping data highlight important differences between murine and avian conduction system development. Finally, this line of transgenic mice provides a novel tool for exploring the molecular circuitry controlling mammalian conduction system development and should be invaluable in studies of developmental mutants with potential structural or functional conduction system defects.
Double-shelled target simulations with LASNEX (1978)

Double-shelled inertial confinement fusion targets in which the outer shell is exploded have been studied with LASNEX. To achieve high DT density, configurations have been found in which the inner shell is ablatively driven by the hot outer shell. Calculations indicate that greater than 100 times liquid DT density can be achieved with the Shiva laser while still retaining some of the symmetry and stability advantages of the single-shelled exploding pusher target. The relative merits of transferring energy to the inner shell by electron conduction and by hydrodynamic work will be discussed.
Inferring similarity between music objects with application to playlist generation (2005)

The growing libraries of multimedia objects have increased the need for applications that facilitate search, browsing, discovery, recommendation and playlist construction. Many of these applications in turn require some notion of distance between, or similarity of, such objects. The lack of a reliable proxy for similarity of entities is a serious obstacle in many multimedia applications.In this paper we describe a simple way to automatically infer similarities between objects based on their occurrences in an authored stream. The method works both for audio and video. This allows us to generate playlists by emulating a particular stream or combination of streams, recommend objects that are similar to a chosen seed, and derive measures of similarity between associated entities, such as artists.
The focused plenoptic camera (2009)

Plenoptic cameras, constructed with internal microlens arrays, focus those microlenses at infinity in order to sample the 4D radiance directly at the microlenses. The consequent assumption is that each microlens image is completely defocused with respect to to the image created by the main camera lens and the outside object. As a result, only a single pixel in the final image can be rendered from it, resulting in disappointingly low resolution. In this paper, we present a new approach to lightfield capture and image rendering that interprets the microlens array as an imaging system focused on the focal plane of the main camera lens. This approach captures a lightfield with significantly higher spatial resolution than the traditional approach, allowing us to render high resolution images that meet the expectations of modern photographers. Although the new approach samples the lightfield with reduced angular density, analysis and experimental results demonstrate that there is sufficient parallax to completely support lightfield manipulation algorithms such as refocusing and novel views.