gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors (2018)

As a treatment for solid tumors, dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has not been as effective as expected. Here, we review the reasons underlying the limitations of DC-based immunotherapy for solid tumors and ask what can be done to improve immune cell-based cancer therapies. Several reports show that, rather than a lack of immune induction, the limited efficacy of DC-based immunotherapy in cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) likely results from inhibition of immune responses by tumor-secreted TGF-β and an increase in the number of regulatory T (Treg) cells in and around the solid tumor. Indeed, unlike DC therapy for solid tumors, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses induced by DC therapy inhibit tumor recurrence after surgery; CTL responses also limit tumor metastasis induced by additional tumor-challenge in RCC tumor-bearing mice. Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the poor efficacy of DC-based therapy for solid tumors and stress the need for new and improved DC immunotherapies and/or combination therapies with killer cells to treat resistant solid tumors.
Characterization of a stable, major DNA polymerase α species devoid of DNA primase activity (1987)

We have purified from Xenopus laevis ovaries a major DNA polymerase alpha species that lacked DNA primase activity. This primase-devoid DNA polymerase alpha species exhibited the same sensitivity as the DNA polymerase DNA primase alpha to BuAdATP and BuPdGTP, nucleotide analogs capable of distinguishing between DNA polymerase delta and DNA polymerase DNA primase alpha. The primase-devoid DNA polymerase alpha species also lacked significant nuclease activity indicative of the alpha-like (rather than delta-like) nature of the DNA polymerase. Using a poly(dT) template, the primase-devoid DNA polymerase alpha species elongated an oligo(rA10) primer up to 51-fold more effectively than an oligo(dA10) primer. In direct contrast, the DNA polymerase DNA primase alpha complex showed only a 4.6-fold preference for oligoribonucleotide primers at the same template/primer ratio. The catalytic differences between the two DNA polymerase alpha species were most dramatic at a template/primer ratio of 300. The primase-devoid DNA polymerase alpha species was found at high levels throughout oocyte and embryonic development. This suggests that the primase-devoid DNA polymerase alpha species could play a physiological role during DNA chain elongation in vivo, even if it is chemically related to DNA polymerase DNA primase alpha.
The new slavery (2000)

The slave won't go away, even in a world where consumer choice is paramount. Index looks at the undying contribution that slavery still makes to our lives and maps some new metaphors for the old shackles
Homozygosity Mapping: A Way to Map Human Recessive Traits with the DNA of Inbred Children (1987)

An efficient strategy for mapping human genes that cause recessive traits has been devised that uses mapped restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and the DNA of affected children from consanguineous marriages. The method involves detection of the disease locus by virtue of the fact that the adjacent region will preferentially be homozygous by descent in such inbred children. A single affected child of a first-cousin marriage is shown to contain the same total information about linkage as a nuclear family with three affected children. Calculations show that it should be practical to map a recessive disease gene by studying DNA from fewer than a dozen unrelated, affected inbred children, given a complete RFLP linkage map. The method should make it possible to map many recessive diseases for which it is impractical or impossible to collect adequate numbers of families with multiple affected offspring.
Three-Dimensional Nanoscale Alignment of Metal Nanoparticles Using Block Copolymer Films as Nanoreactors (2003)

We present a simple dry process to create nanoscale arrangements of metal nanoparticles within block copolymer films. This process involves only one step such that the vapor of palladium(II) acetylacetonato (Pd(acac)2) is exposed to a polymer film in a nitrogen atmosphere at 180 °C for periods up to 2 h. The Pd(acac)2 vapor penetrates into the film and then is decomposed and reduced to a metallic state to form nanoparticles therein. When block copolymer films having nanoscale microdomain structures are used, the metal complex is selectively reduced in one of the phases to give nanoscale arrangements of the metal particles that reflect the microdomain structure of the used block copolymer. In symmetric diblock copolymers of poly(styrene)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA), Pd(acac)2 is selectively reduced in the PS lamellae to yield Pd nanoparticles with the average diameter ranging from 3 to 4 nm with a narrow size distribution, depending on the molecular weight. As a result, the Pd nanoparticles are arranged in a periodic lamellar manner within the film. In an asymmetric diblock copolymer having an alcohol group in the side chain of one of the blocks, poly(styrene)-block-poly(hydroxylated polyisoprene) (PS-b-PIOH), where the PIOH block forms spherical domains in the PS matrix, the Pd particles are selectively assembled in the PIOH domains, not in the PS phase. This approach would be of general applicability to any block copolymers, and the particles should be assembled in the phase having relatively stronger reducing power. The vapor of the metal complex can penetrate into the film deeply, and thus the arrangements of the particles are in a three-dimensional array within a film. Co(acac)2 is also evaluated and gives Co nanoparticles within the PIOH domains in the PS-b-PIOH film as does as Pd(acac)2. Electron spectroscopic imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy on an energy-filtering transmission electron microscope were performed for nanoscale chemical analysis to investigate the reaction products of Co(acac)2 within the polymer films in detail.
<title>Fluorinated acrylates in making low-loss, low-birefringence, and single-mode optical waveguides with exceptional thermo-optic properties</title> (1999)

There is growing interest in the use of planar waveguide devices in telecommunications. Polymeric planar waveguide devices are of special interest in thermo-optic devices because of their high values for dn/dT. This paper details the possible choices in different photolithographic system that could be used in making such devices. This paper explains the benefits of using fluorinated acrylates in achieving low-loss waveguides with low birefringence. It also explains the unique benefits of fluorinated acrylates in making Bragg gratings.
Long-Term Results of Lung Decortication in Patients with Trapped Lung Secondary to Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2011)

Lung decortications, re-expanding the affected lung, ensures symptom remission and improves quality of life of patients with trapped lung after coronary bypass grafting in the long-term.
Classification of waist-acceleration signals in a continuous walking record (2000)

We attempted to distinguish walking on level ground from walking on a stairway using waist acceleration signals. A triaxial accelerometer was fixed to the subject's waist and the three acceleration signals were recorded by a portable data logger at a sampling rate of 256 Hz. Twenty healthy male subjects were asked to walk through a corridor and up and down a stairway as a single sequence, without any instruction. The data were analyzed using discrete wavelet transform. Walking patterns were classified in two stages. In the first stage, the times when the walking pattern changed were detected using the low-frequency component of the anteroposterior acceleration (LF(A)) and of the vertical acceleration (LF(V)). In the second stage, the three types of walking patterns were classified by comparing powers of wavelet coefficients in the vertical direction (P(WCV)) and in the anteroposterior direction (RP(WCA)). Changes in walking patterns could be detected by using either LF(A) or LF(V). Walking down stairs could be distinguished from the other types of walking as it gave the largest value in P(WCV), and walking up stairs could be discriminated from level walking using RP(WCA). Level and stairway walking could be classified from continuous records of waist acceleration.
A Theory of Self-Nonself Discrimination (1970)

1) Induction of humoral antibody formation involves the obligatory recognition of two determinants on an antigen, one by the receptor antibody of the antigen-sensitive cell and the other by carrier antibody (associative interaction). 2) Paralysis of antibody formation involves the obligatory recognition of only one determinant by the receptor antibody of the antigen-sensitive cell; that is, a nonimmunogenic molecule (a hapten) can paralyze antigen-sensitive cells. 3) There is competition between paralysis and induction at the level of the antigen-sensitive cell. 4) The mechanisms of low- and high-zone paralysis, and maintenance of the unresponsive state, are identical. 5) High-zone paralysis occurs when both the carrier antibody and the receptor antibody are saturated, so that associated interactions cannot take place. 6) The mechanisms of paralysis and induction for the carrier-antigen-sensitive cell are identical to those for the humoral-antigen-sensitive cell. 7) The formation of carrier-antigen-sensitive cells is thymus-dependent, whereas humoral-antigen-sensitive cells are derived from bone marrow. Since carrier antibody is required for induction, all antigens are thymus-dependent. 8) The interaction of antigen with the receptor antibody on an antigen-sensitive cell results in a conformational change in an invariant region of the receptor and consequently paralyzes the cell. As the receptor is probably identical to the induced antibody, all antibody molecules are expected to be able to undergo a conformational change on binding a hapten. The obligatory associated recognition by way of carrier antibody (inductive signal) involves a conformational change in the carrier antibody, leading to a second signal to the antigen-sensitive cell. 9) The foregoing requirements provide an explanation for self-nonself discrimination. Tolerance to self-antigens involves a specific deletion in the activity of both the humoral- and the carrier-antigen-sensitive cells.
Accurate Quantification of Lipid Species by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry — Meets a Key Challenge in Lipidomics (2011)

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has become one of the most popular and powerful technologies to identify and quantify individual lipid species in lipidomics. Meanwhile, quantitative analysis of lipid species by ESI-MS has also become a major obstacle to meet the challenges of lipidomics. Herein, we discuss the principles, advantages, and possible limitations of different mass spectrometry-based methodologies for lipid quantification, as well as a few practical issues important for accurate quantification of individual lipid species. Accordingly, accurate quantification of individual lipid species, one of the key challenges in lipidomics, can be practically met.
Direct neuro-adaptive control of robot manipulators (2003)

The authors present a method for the adaptive control of a robot arm based on a feedforward neural network. The method is based on the backpropagation algorithm. Backpropagation is used within a learning by reinforcement framework instead of learning by teaching. A neural network is used to estimate the adaptive control law based only on an error signal resulting from the deviation between the desired position, velocity, and acceleration inputs to the robot inverse model and those generated by the robot system. The proposed method does not require any explicit parameter estimation of robot parameters. A cylindrical three-degree-of-freedom robot arm was simulated to demonstrate the control algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of microglia in the cerebral white matter of the human fetus and infant (2006)

Although microglial activation may be an initial beneficial response to a variety of insults, prolonged activation can release toxic substances and lead to cell death. Microglial activation secondary to hypoxia-ischemia and/or infection in immature cerebral white matter is important in the pathogenesis of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), the major pathological substrate of cerebral palsy in the premature infant. We hypothesize that a transient overexpression in activated microglial density occurs normally in the cerebral white matter of the human fetus during the peak window of vulnerability for PVL. Such an increase could render this region susceptible to insults that cause prolonged microglial activation, as conceptualized in PVL. To examine the developmental profile of microglia in the human fetus and infant brain, immunocytochemistry with microglial specific markers were used in 23 control (non-PVL) cases ranging from 20 to 183 postconceptional (PC) weeks. Tomato lectin, used to identify microglial morphology, revealed that the cerebral white matter of the human fetus and infant is densely populated with intermediate and amoeboid microglia; the latter is indicative of an activated state. Quantitative analysis with CD68 showed increased density of activated microglia in the cerebral white matter of the fetus (<37 PC weeks) relative to the neonate/infant (> or =37 PC weeks) and to the overlying cortex of either age group (P = 0.01). The primary finding of a transient, developmental-dependent overabundance of CD68-activated microglia in the cerebral white matter of the fetus suggests a potential "priming" of this area for diverse brain insults characterized by activation of microglia, particularly PVL. J.
Structure-activity relationships of synthetic analogs of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as proteasome inhibitors. (2004)

The A-ring and gallate ester/amide bond are essential for the proteasome-inhibitory function of (-)-EGCG.
Bi- and Tricyclic Nucleoside Derivatives Restricted in S-Type Conformations and Obtained by RCM-Reactions (2003)

Ring-closing metathesis (RCM) is applied as a new and powerful technology in the construction of nucleoside analogues that are conformationally restricted in S-type conformations due to additional 3',4'- and/or 3',5'-linkages.
Online Generation of Locality Sensitive Hash Signatures (2010)

Motivated by the recent interest in stream-ing algorithms for processing large text collections, we revisit the work of Ravichandran et al. (2005) on using the Locality Sensitive Hash (LSH) method of Charikar (2002) to enable fast, approxi-mate comparisons of vector cosine simi-larity. For the common case of feature updates being additive over a data stream, we show that LSH signatures can be main-tained online, without additional approxi-mation error, and with lower memory re-quirements than when using the standard offline technique. 1
Oxpholipin 11D: An Anti-Inflammatory Peptide That Binds Cholesterol and Oxidized Phospholipids (2010)

Given the substantial evidence that oxidized phospholipids are pro-inflammatory in vivo, OxP-11D and other Oxpholipins may have therapeutic potential.
Intervertebral Disk Tissue Engineering Using Biphasic Silk Composite Scaffolds (2011)

Scaffolds composed of synthetic, natural, and hybrid materials have been investigated as options to restore intervertebral disk (IVD) tissue function. These systems fall short of the lamellar features of the native annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue or focus only on the nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue. However, successful regeneration of the entire IVD requires a combination approach to restore functions of both the AF and NP. To address this need, a biphasic biomaterial structure was generated by using silk protein for the AF and fibrin/hyaluronic acid (HA) gels for the NP. Two cell types, porcine AF cells and chondrocytes, were utilized. For the AF tissue, two types of scaffold morphologies, lamellar and porous, were studied with the porous system serving as a control. Toroidal scaffolds formed out of the lamellar, and porous silk materials were used to generate structures with an outer diameter of 8 mm, inner diameter of 3.5 mm, and a height of 3 mm (the interlamellar distance in the lamellar scaffold was 150-250 μm, and the average pore sizes in the porous scaffolds were 100-250 μm). The scaffolds were seeded with porcine AF cells to form AF tissue, whereas porcine chondrocytes were encapsulated in fibrin/HA hydrogels for the NP tissue and embedded in the center of the toroidal disk. Histology, biochemical assays, and gene expression indicated that the lamellar scaffolds supported AF-like tissue over 2 weeks. Porcine chondrocytes formed the NP phenotype within the hydrogel after 4 weeks of culture with the AF tissue that had been previously cultured for 2 weeks, for a total of 6 weeks of cultivation. This biphasic scaffold simulating in combination of both AF and NP tissues was effective in the formation of the total IVD in vitro.
Expression of the human cytomegalovirus pentamer complex for vaccine use in a CHO system (2015)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant disease worldwide. Multiple HCMV vaccines have been tested in man but only partial protection has been achieved. The HCMV gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131A complex (Pentamer) is the main target of neutralizing antibodies in HCMV seropositive individuals and raises high titers of neutralizing antibodies in small animals and non-human primates (NHP). Thus, Pentamer is a promising candidate for an effective HCMV vaccine. Development of a Pentamer-based subunit vaccine requires expression of high amounts of a functional and stable complex. We describe here the development of a mammalian expression system for large scale Pentamer production. Several approaches comprising three different CHO-originated cell lines and multiple vector as well as selection strategies were tested. Stable cell pools expressed the HCMV Pentamer at a titer of approximately 60 mg/L at laboratory scale. A FACS-based single cell sorting approach allowed selection of a highly expressing clone producing Pentamer at the level of approximately 400 mg/L in a laboratory scale fed-batch culture. Expression in a 50 L bioreactor led to the production of HCMV Pentamer at comparable titers indicating the feasibility of further scale-up for manufacturing at commercial scale. The CHO-produced HCMV Pentamer bound to a panel of human neutralizing antibodies and raised potently neutralizing immune response in mice. Thus, we have generated an expression system for the large scale production of functional HCMV Pentamer at high titers suitable for future subunit vaccine production.
Design Principles of the KASUMI Block Cipher (2000)

In this paper, we discuss some of theory of provable security against differential and linear cryptanalysis. We also review the design principles of the block cipher KASUMI—especially its resistance against the basic forms of linear and differential cryptanalysis. Key words. KASUMI, differential cryptanalysis, linear cryptanalysis, provable security, correlation. 1
Competition between methanogenesis and quinone respiration for ecologically important substrates in anaerobic consortia (2000)

Anaerobic consortia obtained from a wide variety of environments were tested for oxidizing several ecologically significant substrates with the humic model compound, anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS), as terminal electron acceptor. All the substrates, including hydrogen, acetate, propionate, methanol and lactate, were completely or partially converted to methane when bicarbonate was the only electron acceptor available. Addition of AQDS (20 mM) to the cultures prevented methanogenesis in most cases and AQDS reduction became the preferred pathway. AQDS was shown to be toxic for methanogenesis and this effect played an important role in enabling quinone-respiring bacteria to outcompete methanogens. Furthermore, AQDS respiration is thermodynamically more favorable than methanogenesis. All the consortia evaluated were capable of oxidizing hydrogen linked to the reduction of AQDS. Most inocula tested were also able to oxidize acetate and lactate in the same way. When methanol was provided as an electron donor competition between methanogenesis and acetogenesis occurred. Acetate accumulated from the latter process was responsible for quinone respiration. These results suggest that quinone-respiring bacteria are ubiquitous and that quinones in humus may significantly contribute to carbon cycling process by serving as a terminal electron acceptor for the anaerobic microbial oxidation of a wide variety of ecologically important substrates.
The Near-Death Experience Scale (1983)

Near-death experiences (NDEs) have been described consistently since antiquity and more rigorously in recent years. Investigation into their mechanisms and effects has been impeded by the lack of quantitative measures of the NDE and its components. From an initial pool of 80 manifestations characteristic of NDEs, a 33-item scaled-response preliminary questionnaire was developed, which was completed by knowledgeable subjects describing their 74 NDEs. Items with significant item-total score correlations that could be grouped into clinically meaningful clusters constituted the final 16-item NDE Scale. The scale was found to have high internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability; was highly correlated with Ring's Weighted Core Experience Index; and differentiated those who unequivocally claimed to have had NDEs from those with qualified or questionable claims. This reliable, valid, and easily administered scale is clinically useful in differentiating NDEs from organic brain syndromes and nonspecific stress responses, and can standardize further research into mechanisms and effects of NDEs.
C35 Terpenoids from the Bark of Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana with Activity against Human Cancer Cell Lines (2006)

Ferrugicadinol (1) and ferrugieudesmol (2), two new compounds with a unique C35 terpene skeleton, were isolated from the bark of Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana. Their structures were elucidated principally from spectroscopic evidence. The two new C35 terpenes showed cytotoxicity against human oral epidermoid carcinoma KB cells with IC50 values ranging from 11 to 14 microM.
Ion mass assignments based on mobility measuremets. Validity of plasma chromatographic mass mobility correlations (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon mass assignments based on mobility measuremets. Validity of plasma chromatographic mass mobility correlationsG. W. Griffin, I. Dzidic, D. I. Carroll, R. N. Stillwell, and E. C. HorningCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 7, 1204–1209Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60329a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60329a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts