gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin-induced intravascular fibrin formation in meth A fibrosarcomas. (1988)

Recent studies have indicated that TNF can promote activation of the coagulation mechanism by modulating coagulant properties of endothelial cells. In this report, we demonstrate that infusion of low concentrations of TNF (3 micrograms/animal) into mice bearing meth A fibrosarcomas leads to localized fibrin deposition with formation of occlusive intravascular thrombi in close association with the endothelial cell surface. Studies with 125I-fibrinogen showed tenfold enhanced accumulation of radioactivity in tumor within 2 h after TNF infusion. Western blots of tumor extracts subjected to SDS-PAGE and visualized with a fibrin-specific mAb indicated that fibrin forms in the tumor after the TNF infusion. Electron microscopic studies demonstrated fibrin strands, based on the characteristic 21-nm periodicity, which appeared to be adherent to the endothelial cell surface. Further ultrastructural studies indicated that fibrin formation, first evident within 30 min of the TNF infusion, led to occlusive thrombi limited to the tumor vascular bed (i.e., not in the normal mouse vasculature) within 2 h and was associated with an 80% reduction in tumor perfusion based on studies with Evans blue. In view of previous work concerning TNF induction of endothelial cell procoagulant activity, the hypothesis that tumor cell products prime the response of endothelium to this cytokine was tested. Supernatants of cultured meth A fibrosarcomas obtained serum-free conditions, which had no intrinsic procoagulant activity, considerably enhanced tissue factor induction in endothelium in response to submaximal concentrations of TNF. The factor(s) in the tumor-conditioned medium appeared to be distinct from IL-1, fibroblast growth factor, IFN-gamma, TNF, endotoxin, TGF-alpha, and TGF-beta. These studies delineate a novel model of localized clot formation in which thrombosis is initiated by a pathophysiologic mediator, TNF, and provides an opportunity to examine mechanisms in the microenvironment directing clot formation to the tumor vascular bed.
“Green”-enzymatic synthesis of pegylated phenolic macromer and polymer (2004)

Environmentally benign synthesis of novel pegylated polyphenolics, by combining the extraordinary selectivities of a lipase and an oxidase to develop polymeric electrolytes for applications in dye sensitised solar cells.
Effects of creatine monohydrate ingestion in sedentary and weight‐trained older adults (1998)

To investigate the effects of an oral creatine supplementation in older adults, 32 elderly subjects (67-80 years; 16 females, 16 males) were randomly assigned to four equivalent subgroups (control-creatine; control-placebo; trained-creatine; trained-placebo) based on whether or not they took part in an 8-week strength training programme and an 8-week oral creatine monohydrate creatine supplementation programme. The strength training programme consisted of three sets of eight repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum, for leg press, leg extension and chest press, 3 days a week. The 52-day supplementation programme consisted of 20 g of creatine monohydrate (or glucose) and 8 g of glucose per day for the initial 5 days followed by 3 g of creatine monohydrate (or glucose), and 2 g of glucose per day. Prior to and after the training and supplementation periods, body mass, body fat, lower limb muscular volume, 1-, 12-repetitions maxima and isometric intermittent endurance tests for leg press, leg extension and chest press were determined. In all groups, no significant changes in anthropometric parameters were observed. For all movements, the increases in 1- and 12-repetitions maxima were greater (P < 0.02) in trained than control subjects. No significant interactions (supplementation/training/time) were observed for the 1-, 12-repetitions maxima, and the isometric intermittent endurance, whatever the movement considered. We conclude that oral creatine supplementation does not provide additional benefits for body composition, maximal dynamical strength, and dynamical and isometric endurances of healthy elderly subjects, whether or not it is associated with an effective strength training.
Promotional Events in Peculiar Places: Persistent Disasters and Polar Beach Parties (2001)

On almost every day of the year, New York's Grand Central Station bustles with office workers and tourists passing strategically positioned street signs, maps, cafes, newspaper stands, and wall-to-wall advertisements of every shape, size, and colour. While the growing ubiquity of iconic signs or corporate logos-Nike's swoosh logo or Pepsi's red, white, and blue circle-seem likewise to meld into every facet of our lives, littering the eye-level horizon of our everyday time-space paths (Harvey 1990), the fragmentation or interruption of such commercial placements and messages have also become increasingly commonplace. During a typical rush hour in Grand Central Station, for instance, the number-one-selling tequila in the United States, Jose Cuervo, sponsored a concert of over one 100 tubas, aptly dubbed the Octuba Fest 1993. In an interview with the trade journal Brandweek, the Cuervo vice president responsible for the event's production posed the simple question: Consumers can either flip through a magazine looking at ads or they can be dancing to tequila songs played on a tuba.. . . Which do you think they'd rather do? (qtd. in Warner 1994: 18).
Nanostructure‐Enhanced Photoconductive Terahertz Emission and Detection (2018)

Photoconductive antennas are commonly used for terahertz wave generation and detection. However, their relatively low radiation power and detection sensitivity often place limitations on the signal-to-noise ratio and operation bandwidth of terahertz imaging and spectroscopy systems. Several different techniques are attempted to address these limitations. The most promising ones take advantage of the unique tools provided by nanotechnology. In this review, the recent nanotechnology-enabled advances in photoconductive antennas, which use nanostructures, such as optical nanoantennas, plasmonic structures, and optical nanocavities, to increase the interaction of the optical pump beam with the photoconductive semiconductor, are discussed. All of these techniques are experimentally demonstrated to be efficient tools for enhancing the performance of photoconductive antennas for terahertz wave generation and detection.
Rolipram and Its Optical Isomers, Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors, Attenuated the Scopolamine-Induced Impairments of Learning and Memory in Rats (1997)

We investigated the effects of (+/-)-rolipram, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitor, and its isomers on scopolamine-induced deficits of learning and memory in rats using an 8-arm radial maze task and a passive avoidance task. 1) In the 8-arm radial maze task, (+/-)-rolipram (0.02-0.2 mg/kg, p.o.), (-)-rolipram (0.01-0.02 and 0.2-0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) and (+)-rolipram (20-50 mg/kg, p.o.) attenuated the scopolamine-induced deficits of spatial cognition. As for the minimum effective dose of each drug, (-)-rolipram was 2 and 2000 times as potent as (+/-)-rolipram and (+)-rolipram, respectively. (-)-Rolipram produced a biphasic dose-response and (+/-)-rolipram produced a broad dose-response. 2) (+/-)-Rolipram and its isomers also attenuated the scopolamine-induced deficits in the passive avoidance response. Also for the minimum effective dose, (-)-rolipram (0.01-0.02 mg/kg) was 2 and 200 times as potent as (+/-)-rolipram (0.02-0.1 mg/kg) and (+)-rolipram (2mg/kg). 3) The behaviorally effective doses of (+/-)-rolipram and its isomers also enhanced the oxotremorine-induced tremors in mice. Comparing these racemic isomers, (-)- and (+/-)-rolipram have more potent effects than (+)-rolipram on scopolamine-induced deficits in the 8-arm radial maze task and passive avoidance task. Especially (+/-)-rolipram has a wide dose range in these behavioral study. These results suggest that the ameliorating effects of rolipram might result from the indirect potentiation of various transmitters including cholinergic and noradrenergic systems by an increase in cAMP with the inhibition of PDE4.
EGFR Mutations in Lung Cancer: Correlation with Clinical Response to Gefitinib Therapy (2004)

Receptor tyrosine kinase genes were sequenced in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and matched normal tissue. Somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene EGFR were found in 15of 58 unselected tumors from Japan and 1 of 61 from the United States. Treatment with the EGFR kinase inhibitor gefitinib (Iressa) causes tumor regression in some patients with NSCLC, more frequently in Japan. EGFR mutations were found in additional lung cancer samples from U.S. patients who responded to gefitinib therapy and in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line that was hypersensitive to growth inhibition by gefitinib, but not in gefitinib-insensitive tumors or cell lines. These results suggest that EGFR mutations may predict sensitivity to gefitinib.
Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of 4-Hexanolide and 4-Dodecanolide. (1991)

are ubiquitous natural products among insects pheromones1} and flavor components of fruits.2)
Recent Studies on Cellular Metabolism by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1979)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
A non-volatile flip-flop in magnetic FPGA chip (2006)

In this paper, the authors propose a non-volatile flip-flop, which presents simultaneously low power dissipation and high speed. This flip-flop is based on MRAM (magnetic RAM) technology on standard CMOS. In this non-volatile flip-flop design, the authors use magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) as storage element. Contrary to the complex sense amplifier circuit in standard MRAM circuits, a simple one based on SRAM cell is used to couple with two MTJs per bit in magnetic logic circuit. The flip-flop works exactly as a classical flip-flop hut the information is stored simultaneously in the two MTJs, which makes this flip-flop non-volatile. As the writing frequency has a strong impact on the power consumption, the MTJ writing frequency is designed to be defined by the users depending on different usage. During the startup or reset phase, the flip-flop master stage is used as the MTJ sense amplifier and the flip-flop is initialized to the previously stored state in about 200 ps. This figure has been demonstrated by electrical simulation on a 90 nm CMOS technology and with a complete and precise MTJ model
Computing approximate blocking probabilities for a class of all-optical networks (1996)

We study a class of all-optical networks using wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and wavelength routing, in which a connection between a pair of nodes in the network is assigned a path and a wavelength on that path. Moreover, on the links of that path no other connection can share the assigned wavelength. Using a generalized reduced load approximation scheme we calculate the blocking probabilities for the optical network model for two routing schemes: fixed routing and least loaded routing.
The Small GTPase Rap1 Is Required for Mn2+- and Antibody-induced LFA-1- and VLA-4-mediated Cell Adhesion (2002)

In T-lymphocytes the Ras-like small GTPase Rap1 plays an essential role in stimulus-induced inside-out activation of integrin LFA-1 (alpha(L)beta(2)) and VLA-4 (alpha(4)beta(1)). Here we show that Rap1 is also involved in the direct activation of these integrins by divalent cations or activating antibodies. Inhibition of Rap1 either by Rap GTPase-activating protein (RapGAP) or the Rap1 binding domain of RalGDS abolished both Mn(2+)- and KIM185 (anti-LFA-1)-induced LFA-1-mediated cell adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Mn(2+)- and TS2/16 (anti-VLA-4)-induced VLA-4-mediated adhesion were inhibited as well. Interestingly, both Mn(2+), KIM185 and TS2/16 failed to induce elevated levels of Rap1GTP. These findings indicate that available levels of GTP-bound Rap1 are required for the direct activation of LFA-1 and VLA-4. Pharmacological inhibition studies demonstrated that both Mn(2+)- and KIM185-induced adhesion as well as Rap1-induced adhesion require intracellular calcium but not signaling activity of the MEK-ERK pathway. Moreover, functional calmodulin signaling was shown to be a prerequisite for Rap1-induced adhesion. From these results we conclude that in addition to stimulus-induced inside-out activation of integrins, active Rap1 is required for cell adhesion induced by direct activation of integrins LFA-1 and VLA-4. We suggest that Rap1 determines the functional availability of integrins for productive binding to integrin ligands.
Disruption of nNOS‐PSD95 protein–protein interaction inhibits acute thermal hyperalgesia and chronic mechanical allodynia in rodents (2009)

nNOS-PSD95 interaction is important in maintaining hypersensitivity in acute and chronic pain. Disruption of the nNOS-PSD95 interaction provides a novel approach to obtain selective anti-hyperalgesic compounds.
A primer of genome science (2002)

PART 1: GENOME PROJECTS: ORGANIZATION AND OBJECTIVES - The Human Genome Project - Animal Genome Projects - Plant Genome Projects - Microbial Genome Projects - Boxes - Flat File and Relational Databases - GenBank Files - PART 2: GENOME SEQUENCING AND ANNOTATION - Automated Sequencing - Genome Sequencing - Genome Annotation - Clustering of Gene Families - Boxes - Alignment Algorithms and Tools - BLAST and Alignment Implementation - Hidden Markov Models and Gene Finding - Fundamentals of Phylogenetic Methods - PART 3: GENE EXPRESSION AND THE TRANSCRIPTOME - Parallel Analysis of Gene Expression: Microarrays and Oligonucleotide Arrays SAGE, Microbeads, and Differential Display - Gene-by-Gene Analysis - Properties of Transcriptomes - Boxes - Image Extraction for Microarray Analysis - Clustering Methods - Identification of Regulatory Motifs - PART 4: PROTEOMICS AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS - Functional Proteomics - Structural Proteomics - Protein Interaction Maps - High Throughput Forward and Reverse Genetics - Boxes - Domain Profiling - Construction of Transgenic Animals and Plants - PART 5: SNPs AND VARIATION - Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms - Applications of SNP Technology - SNP Discovery - SNP Genotyping - Boxes - Linkage Disequilibrium Measures - Population-based Association Statistics - Transmission Disequilibrium Test Statistics - PART 6: COMPUTATIONAL GENOMICS - Metabolomics - In silico Genomics
Approximation property of multi-layer neural network (MLNN) and its application in nonlinear simulation (2002)

Presents the approximation properties of multilayer neural networks (MLNN) and their application in nonlinear simulation and analysis. The authors give a direct proof of the approximation ability for a single input-output MLNN with hidden units with sigmoid activation functions, and also give the relationship between the best polynomial approximation and the number of MLNN hidden units. Based on the analysis, the authors propose an MLNN model with hybrid sigmoid-Gaussian activation functions. To verify the idea, they present experiments and results of nonlinear simulation and analysis by MLNN for a solid-state power amplifier. These results prove that the proposed method has general application in nonlinear engineering simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CLIP Identifies Nova-Regulated RNA Networks in the Brain (2003)

Nova proteins are neuron-specific antigens targeted in paraneoplastic opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia (POMA), an autoimmune neurologic disease characterized by abnormal motor inhibition. Nova proteins regulate neuronal pre-messenger RNA splicing by directly binding to RNA. To identify Nova RNA targets, we developed a method to purify protein-RNA complexes from mouse brain with the use of ultraviolet cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP).Thirty-four transcripts were identified multiple times by Nova CLIP.Three-quarters of these encode proteins that function at the neuronal synapse, and one-third are involved in neuronal inhibition.Splicing targets confirmed in Nova-/- mice include c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2, neogenin, and gephyrin; the latter encodes a protein that clusters inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine receptors, two previously identified Nova splicing targets.Thus, CLIP reveals that Nova coordinately regulates a biologically coherent set of RNAs encoding multiple components of the inhibitory synapse, an observation that may relate to the cause of abnormal motor inhibition in POMA.
Effects of CD34+ cell selection and perfusion on ex vivo expansion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1995)

Ex vivo expansion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs), cultured both directly and after selection for CD34+ cells, was compared in static and continuously perfused cultures containing interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G- CSF), and stem cell factor (SCF). Cultures inoculated with either MNCs or CD34+ cells produced cells that were remarkably similar after 10 days of culture, as evidence by cell morphology, expression of CD34, CD33, CD15, and CD11b, and the fractions of cells giving rise to colony- forming units granulocyte-monocyte (CFU-GM) and long-term culture- initiating cells (LTC-IC). Static and perfusion cultures gave similar average total cells and CFU-GM expansions for both MNC and CD34+ cell cultures. However, those samples that performed poorly in static culture performed at near-normal levels in perfusion. In addition, perfusion supported higher LTC-IC numbers for both MNC and CD34+ cell cultures. While total cell expansion was about ten times greater in CD34+ cell cultures (approximately 100-fold), CFU-GM expansion (approximately 20-fold) was similar for both MNC and CD34+ cell cultures. The similar distribution of cell types produced in MNC and CD34+ cell cultures allows direct comparison of total and colony- forming cell production. After 15 days in perfusion, MNC cultures produced 1.5-, 2.6-, and 2.1-fold more total cells, CFU-GM, and LTC-IC, respectively, than the same sample selected and cultured as CD34+ cells. Even if the CD34+ selection process was 100% efficient, CFU-GM production would be 1.5-fold greater for MNCs than for CD34+ cells.
Learning spam: simple techniques for freely-available software (2003)

Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes.
Block Copolymer Thermoplastic Elastomers for Microcontact Printing (2003)

Two com. thermoplastic block copolymer elastomers with a high stiffness were investigated as stamp materials for microcontact printing and compared to conventional poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Stamps with a relief structure were produced by hot embossing techniques, utilizing the thermoplastic properties of these rubberlike block copolymers. It is shown that the stamps based on these copolymers are able to transfer a thiol ink to a gold substrate. After printing, the thiol ink acts as an etch resist, which indicates that a coherent self-assembled monolayer is formed. Like PDMS stamps, specific copolymer stamps can be used for repeated printing without re-inking. Moreover, the higher stiffness of the thermoplastic stamps increases the load above which structural collapse occurs by a factor of 10-15 in comparison to that of identical PDMS stamps, which is potentially useful in the reprodn. of structures which are sensitive to sagging, buckling, or pairing. An example is presented of relief structures, which are accurately reproduced with the thermoplastic elastomers, in contrast to identical chem. cross-linked PDMS stamps. [on SciFinder (R)]
Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery (2010)

Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery combined with microbubble agents provides significant safety advantages over other methods of local gene delivery.
MONOAMINE OXIDASE: From Genes to Behavior (1999)

Cloning of MAO (monoamine oxidase) A and B has demonstrated unequivocally that these enzymes are made up of different polypeptides, and our understanding of MAO structure, regulation, and function has been significantly advanced by studies using their cDNA. MAO A and B genes are located on the X-chromosome (Xp11.23) and comprise 15 exons with identical intron-exon organization, which suggests that they are derived from the same ancestral gene. MAO A and B knock-out mice exhibit distinct differences in neurotransmitter metabolism and behavior. MAO A knock-out mice have elevated brain levels of serotonin, norephinephrine, and dopamine and manifest aggressive behavior similar to human males with a deletion of MAO A. In contrast, MAO B knock-out mice do not exhibit aggression and only levels of phenylethylamine are increased. Mice lacking MAO B are resistant to the Parkinsongenic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine. Both MAO A and B knock-out mice show increased reactivity to stress. These knock-out mice are valuable models for investigating the role of monoamines in psychoses and neurodegenerative and stress-related disorders.
Effect of Time of Insemination on Number of Accessory Sperm, Fertilization Rate, and Embryo Quality in Nonlactating Dairy Cattle (2001)

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of insemination time on number of accessory sperm per embryo (ovum), fertilization rate, and embryo quality. Semen was collected from three fertile Holstein bulls and cryopreserved in egg yolk-citrate-glycerol. In experiment 1, cows were continuously monitored for behavioral estrus by the HeatWatch estrous detection system and were artificially inseminated (AI) with one 0.5-ml straw (25 x 10(6) sperm) at the onset of estrus (AI 0 h), 12 h after onset (AI 12 h), or received natural service at 0 h (Nat 0 h) from one of three bulls. From 150 inseminations, 115 embryos and ova (AI 0 h: n = 39; AI 12 h: n = 39; Nat 0 h: n = 37) were recovered 6 or 7 d after insemination. Fertilization rates differed between treatments (AI 0 h: 67%; AI 12 h: 79%; Nat 0 h: 98%). Median accessory sperm per embryo (ovum) also differed (AI 0 h: 1; AI 12 h: 10; and Nat 0 h: 27) and paralleled the fertilization rate. Embryo quality was not affected by insemination time or natural service. In experiment 2, cows received AI at 0, 12, or 24 h (AI 24 h) after the onset of estrus as determined by HeatWatch. From 154 inseminations, 117 embryos and ova (AI 0 h: n = 39; AI 12 h: n = 39; AI 24 h: n = 39) were recovered 6 or 7 d after insemination. Fertilization rates did not differ in experiment 2 (AI 0 h: 66%; AI 12 h: 74%; AI 24 h: 82%); however, a trend toward a higher fertilization rate accompanied AI 24 h. Median accessory sperm values increased from AI 0 h (1) to AI 24 h (4). Embryo quality declined with AI at increasing intervals after onset of estrus, as percentages of excellent and good, fair and poor, and degenerate embryos were as follows: 77, 15, 8; 52, 38, 10; and 47, 19, 34 for the 0-, 12-, and 24-h inseminations, respectively. Results indicate AI 12 h after the onset of estrus provides a compromise between potential fertilization failure (AI 0 h) and embryo failure (AI 24 h), despite increased accessory sperm per embryo (ovum) after AI 24 h. Artificial insemination 12 h after onset of estrus should optimize fertility of dairy cattle through an acceptable fertilization rate, number of accessory sperm per embryo, and desirable embryo quality.