gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of Novel tPA- and Plasminogen-Binding Sites within Fibrin(ogen) αC-Domains (2000)

Molecular defects in the alphaC-domains of some abnormal fibrinogens have been associated with impaired fibrin-mediated activation of plasminogen (Pg) by its activator tPA, suggesting the involvement of these domains in fibrinolysis. To test this suggestion, we expressed in E. coli the alphaC-fragment (residues Aalpha221-610) corresponding to the entire alphaC-domain as well as its NH(2)- and COOH-terminal halves (residues Aalpha221-391 and Aalpha392-610) and tested their effects on activation of Pg and their interaction with Pg and tPA. When the activation was monitored by cleavage of a chromogenic substrate with newly formed plasmin, the reaction was much more efficient in the presence of the alphaC-fragment. This stimulation was abolished upon digestion of the alphaC-fragment with plasmin. In surface plasmon resonance experiments, both tPA and Pg bound to the immobilized alphaC-fragment with K(d)s of 33 and 32 nM, respectively. Similar results were obtained by ELISA. This binding occurred via independent sites since saturating amounts of Pg did not prevent binding of tPA and vice versa. Both sites were localized in the COOH-terminal half of the alphaC-domain since the Aalpha392-610 fragment bound both tPA and Pg and was an effective stimulator whereas Aalpha221-391 was inactive. These results indicate that the fibrinogen alphaC-domains contain novel high-affinity tPA- and Pg-binding sites that play an important role in the regulation of fibrinolysis.
Copy number variation in Parkinson's disease (2010)

A central theme of human genetic studies is to understand genomic variation and how this underlies the inherited basis of disease. Genomic variation can provide increased biological understanding of disease processes, which is necessary to develop future treatments. Recent technological advances have highlighted the role of copy number variants in normal and pathological phenotypic expression. These applications have been used in studies of Parkinson's disease, a common, late-onset, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. At present the main therapeutic approach is administration of symptom-alleviating drugs, which neither reverses the disease process nor halts its progression. However, the generation of in vivo model systems and development of novel disease intervention strategies for Parkinson's disease have come from research on monogenic forms of the disorder, including those caused by copy number variants. Here, we review the role of copy number variants and the mechanistic insights they have provided on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
Substrate reduction reduces gangliosides in postnatal cerebrum-brainstem and cerebellum in GM1 gangliosidosis mice (2005)

II3NeuAc-GgOse4Cer (GM1) gangliosidosis is an incurable lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency in acid beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), resulting in the accumulation of ganglioside GM1 and its asialo derivative GgOse4Cer (GA1) in the central nervous system, primarily in the brain. In this study, we investigated the effects of N-butyldeoxygalacto-nojirimycin (N B-DGJ), an imino sugar that inhibits ganglioside biosynthesis, in normal C57BL/6J mice and in beta-gal knockout (beta-gal-/-) mice from postnatal day 9 (p-9) to p-15. This is a period of active cerebellar development and central nervous system (CNS) myelinogenesis in the mouse and would be comparable to late-stage embryonic and early neonatal development in humans. N B-DGJ significantly reduced total ganglioside and GM1 content in cerebrum-brainstem (C-BS) and in cerebellum of normal and beta-gal-/- mice. N B-DGJ had no adverse effects on body weight or C-BS/cerebellar weight, water content, or thickness of the external cerebellar granule cell layer. Sphingomyelin was increased in C-BS and cerebellum, but no changes were found for cerebroside (a myelin-enriched glycosphingolipid), neutral phospholipids, or GA1 in the treated mice. Our findings indicate that the effects of N B-DGJ in the postnatal CNS are largely specific to gangliosides and suggest that N B-DGJ may be an effective early intervention therapy for GM1 gangliosidosis and other ganglioside storage disorders.
Physiological values and procedures in the 24 h before ICU admission from the ward (1999)

Physiological values and interventions in the 24 h before entry to intensive care were collected for admissions from hospital wards. In a 13-month period, there were 79 admissions in 76 patients who had been in hospital for at least 24 h and had not undergone surgery within 24 h of admission to intensive care. Thirty-four per cent of patients underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation before intensive care admission. Using Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scoring to quantify abnormal physiology in the group as a whole, a significant deterioration in respiratory function before admission was found. During the 6-h period immediately before intensive care admission, 75% of patients received oxygen, 37% underwent arterial blood gas sampling, and oxygen saturation was measured in 61% of patients, 63% of whom had an oxygen saturation of less than 90%. Overall hospital mortality in the study group was 58%. Information collected on the wards identified seriously ill patients who may have benefited from earlier expert treatment.
Response of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonusponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to five semiochemicals in British Columbia lodgepole pine forests (1987)

Five principal semiochemicals were field tested in multiple funnel traps for behavioral activity against Dendroctonusponderosae infesting lodgepole pine, Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Engelmann, in British Columbia. The basic experimental design was to test each compound by adding it in varying concentration or enantiomeric composition to a blend of other semiochemicals. (−)-trans-Verbenol was attractive to both sexes. (±)-exo-Brevicomin and (±)-frontalin (in one of two experiments) were attractive with other semiochemicals to females at a release rate of 0.05 mg/24 h. At higher release rates (±)-exo-brevicomin was inhibitory to males, and frontalin was inhibitory to both sexes. Thus both serve as multifunctional pheromones. For neither exo-brevicomin nor frontalin were the separate enantiomers attractive at the low release rate, suggesting that they had an additive effect. However, at the high release rate both enantiomers mimicked the inhibitory effect of the racemates. Verbenone acted as an antiaggregation pheromone for both sexes. Increasing the release rate of myrcene from 18 to 150 mg/24 h to approximate the release rate from a newly attacked tree had the effect of doubling the catch of responding beetles. A conceptual model is proposed for the sequential interaction of these semiochemicals in the mass attack of a tree. Pioneer females release trans-verbenol, which acts in combination with myrcene from the host tree to attract mainly males. The responding males release exo-brevicomin and later frontalin, which in combination with trans-verbenol and myrcene attract mainly females. Meanwhile autoxidation of α-pinene in the host resin results first in the production of predominately trans-verbenol, which supplements that produced by the beetles. Later, autoxidation of α-pinene and microbial conversion of cis- and trans-verbenol result in the production of the antiaggregation pheromone verbenone. This compound, in combination with large amounts of exo-brevicomin and frontalin as the tree becomes fully occupied, results in the close-range redirection of responding beetles toward nearby trees.
Prostaglandin 15‐hydroxydehydrogenase Activity in Human Penile Corpora Cavernosa and its Significance in Prostaglandin‐mediated Penile Erection (1989)

Prostaglandins may be involved in human penile erection and erectile failure. To evaluate the possible role of prostaglandin metabolism in the penile tissue, the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent prostaglandin 15-hydroxydehydrogenase was assayed in the corpora cavernosa of the human penis. Km values (mean +/- SD) of the enzyme for PGE1, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were 60.1 +/- 4.2, 17.7 +/- 1.5 and 16.1 +/- 1.2 microM respectively; Vmax values (mean +/- SD) were 0.219 +/- 0.062, 0.510 +/- 0.012 and 0.424 +/- 0.007 nmol/min/mg protein respectively. The implications of these findings in the erectile process are discussed.
The epithelial glycoprotein 2 (EGP-2) promoter-driven epithelial-specific expression of EGP-2 in transgenic mice: a new model to study carcinoma-directed immunotherapy. (2001)

The human pancarcinoma-associated epithelial glycoprotein-2 (EGP-2), a M(r) 38,000 transmembrane antigen also known as 17-1A or Ep-CAM, is commonly used for targeted immunotherapy of carcinomas because it is strongly expressed by most carcinomas. EGP-2 is, however, also expressed in most normal epithelia. To evaluate anti-EGP-2-directed treatment-associated effects on tumors and on EGP-2-positive normal tissue, we generated EGP-2-expressing transgenic mice. A 55-kb DNA fragment consisting of the 14-kb genomic coding sequence of the human EGP-2 gene with approximately 10-kb-upstream and approximately 31-kb-downstream sequences was isolated and used to direct EGP-2 expression in an epithelium-specific manner. In the EGP-2 transgenic mice, EGP-2 appeared to be specifically expressed in all of those epithelial tissues that also express EGP-2 in humans, whereas all of the other tissues were negative. The specific in vivo localization of the i.v. administered anti-EGP-2 monoclonal antibody MOC31 was studied in EGP-2-positive and -negative tumors induced s.c. in this EGP-2 transgenic mouse model. Immunohistochemical analysis showed specific localization of MOC31 in the EGP-2-positive tumors but not in the EGP-2-negative tumors. No anti-EGP-2 monoclonal antibody localization was observed in any of the EGP-2-positive normal mouse tissues, which indicated a limited in vivo accessibility. In conclusion, an EGP-2 transgenic mouse model has been generated that expresses the EGP-2 antigen as in humans and, therefore, can serve as a model to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a variety of anti-EGP-2-based immunotherapeutic modalities in both tumors and normal tissue.
Evaluating On‐Farm Flooding Impacts on Soybean (2001)

Flooding is a major problem that reduces soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth and grain yield in many areas of the USA and the world. Our objective was to identify the plant and soil characteristics associated with different flooding durations in six fields in central Ohio. The soybean plants were at the V2 and V3 stages when rainfall‐induced flooding occurred. The outer perimeters of the flooded areas were mapped, using GPS (global positioning system) technology, several times during the flooding event to delineate the change of the flooded area over time. Two 9‐m wide transects across the flooded area within each field were divided into plots of 9 m by 9 m according to flooding duration: no flooding, 1 to 3 d, 4 to 6 d, and 6 to 8 d. Soil and plant nutrient levels, grain yield data and grain protein and oil content were determined for each plot. The soil cation‐exchange capacity (CEC), pH, P, Ca, Mn, and Zn concentrations had significant positive correlation with flooding duration. There was a significant negative correlation of flooding duration with the population, height, number of pods, and yield of soybean. There was no significant correlation of flooding duration with seed weight, oil, or protein content of the seeds. Leaf tissue Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Cu, and Al concentrations had a significant positive correlation with flooding duration, whereas leaf tissue N concentration had a significant negative correlation with flooding duration.
Weapons and Ammunition Security: The Expanding Role of Mine Action (2013)

Significant expertise is necessary to meet the security challenges posed by unsecured and poorly stored weapons and ammunition. To address this threat, many donors and mine action actors, including the United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS), are including weapons and ammunition security management as a core role.
Long-term pamidronate in multiple myeloma. (1998)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.7.2572 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9667282 Long-term pamidronate in multiple myeloma. J F SeymourxJ F SeymourSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.7.2572 PDF "Long-term pamidronate in multiple myeloma.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16(7), pp. 2572–2573© 1998 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
CRC Handbook of Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology, Volumes 1 & 2 (2003)

The second edition of this best-selling handbook is bigger, more comprehensive, and now completely current. In addition to thorough updates to the discussions featured in the first edition, this edition includes 66 new chapters that reflect recent developments, new applications, and emerging areas of interest. Within the handbook's 145 critically r
The nutritive and metabolic advantages of homologous milk (1989)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Synthesis of well-defined block copolymers containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) segment by anionic block copolymerization of N-methoxymethyl-N-isopropylacrylamide (2004)

Anionic polymerization of N-methoxymethyl-N-isopropylacrylamide (1) was carried out with diphenylmethyllithium,-potassium and-cesium in the presence of diethylzinc in THF at-78°C for 1-3 h. The resulting poly(1)s possessed the predicted molecular weights based on the molar ratios between monomer and initiators and the narrow molecular weight distributions (M w/M n = 1.1). The methoxymethyl protecting groups were completely hydrolyzed to afford a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (poly(NIPAM)), having well-defined chain structures by treatment with aqueous HCl in 1,4-dioxane at room temperature for 12 h. Stereoregularity of the resulting poly(NIPAM) was strongly affected by the counterions of anionic initiator. From the 1H-NMR measurement, the racemo dyad of poly(NIPAM) obtained with diphenylmethyllithium, -potassium and -cesium in the presence of Et2Zn was found to be 75, 50 and 30%, respectively. The sequential copolymerization of styrene or isoprene with 1 and the subsequent deprotection quantitatively gave well-defined block copolymers containing poly(NIPAM) segments. The copolymers had the predicted molecular weights, compositions and the narrow molecular weight distributions, and showed the typical amphiphilic character with regard to solubility.
Current concepts in psoriatic arthritis (2002)

This review summarizes articles written about psoriatic arthritis in the past year. It concentrates on clinical and epidemiologic issues, pathogenesis and treatment, and updates the reader regarding new concepts in psoriatic arthritis.
Co‐crosslinking FcϵRII/CD23 and B cell surface immunoglobulin modulates B cell activation (1992)

Previous studies have shown that a highly multivalent from of anti-IgD or anti-IgM, prepared by conjugating the respective antibodies to dextran, causes extensive B cell proliferation with ng/ml concentrations of the anti-immunoglobulin (Ig). A modification of this system has been exploited to investigate the effect of co-crosslinking the Fc epsilon RII and surface Ig by binding DNP to the dextran backbone (DNP-dextran) and employing a DNP-specific monoclonal IgE of either rat or mouse origin. Addition of anti-IgD-(H delta a/1)[DNP-dextran] or anti-IgM-[DNP-dextran] to purified, resting murine B cells resulted in B cell proliferation over a broad dose (0.03-30 micrograms/ml). Addition of DNP-specific rat or mouse IgE dramatically modulated the proliferative response. Proliferation in response to doses greater than 0.3 microgram/ml H delta a/1-[DNP-dextran] was consistently reduced in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of increasing amounts of IgE while proliferation to lower concentrations of H delta a/1-[DNP-dextran] was slightly enhanced or not influenced at all by the IgE anti-DNP. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) significantly increased the IgE effect, in line with its known enhancing effects on Fc epsilon RII levels. Experiments measuring Ig production rather than proliferation demonstrated that in the presence of IgE anti-DNP, B cells produced lower amounts of immunoglobulin (IgG1 or IgM) in response to an anti-Ig signal. Control experiments demonstrated that the IgE effect on proliferation was blocked by monoclonal anti-Fc epsilon RII, but not anti-Fc gamma RII, thus demonstrating the necessity for IgE/Fc epsilon RII interaction. In addition, the necessity for co-crosslinking was shown by the inability of IgE anti-DNP to affect the proliferative response to H delta a/1-dextran even in the presence of various doses of DNP-dextran. These results demonstrate that co-crosslinking of sIg and the Fc epsilon RII results in an altered B cell response to anti-Ig mediated activation. IL-4 does not ablate this inhibition, in contrast to the effect of co-crosslinking Fc gamma RII and surface Ig, suggesting a model whereby IgE can modulate its own production.
The Double-Stranded RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase PKR: Structure and Function (1997)

This review describes the structure and function of the interferon (IFN)-inducible, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase PKR. This protein kinase has been studied extensively in recent years, and a large body of evidence has accumulated concerning its expression, interaction with regulatory RNA and protein molecules, and modes of activation and inhibition. PKR has been shown to play a variety of important roles in the regulation of translation, transcription, and signal transduction pathways through its ability to phosphorylate protein synthesis initiation factor eIF2, I-kappaB (the inhibitor of NF-kappaB), and other substrates. Expression studies involving both the wild-type protein and dominant negative mutants of PKR have established roles for the enzyme in the antiviral effects of IFNs, in the responses of uninfected cells to physiologic stresses, and in cell growth regulation. The possibility that PKR may function as a tumor suppressor and inducer of apoptosis suggests that this IFN-regulated protein kinase may be of central importance to the control of cell proliferation and transformation.
Guidelines for Reporting Novel mecA Gene Homologues (2012)

Methicillin-resistant staphylococci are disseminated all over the world and are frequent causes of health care- and community-associated infections. Methicillin-resistant strains typically carry the acquired mecA gene that encodes a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein (PBP), designated PBP2a or PBP2′. In most strains, mecA is part of a chromosomally integrated mobile genetic element called staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). The mecA gene is widely disseminated among Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcal species, and its expression is essential for the methicillin-resistant phenotype. Recently, mecA gene homologues that are only distantly related to mecA have been identified in the genomes of staphylococci and some related bacterial species (Table 1). So far, four groups of mecA homologues have been described based on their degree of homology to the earliest identified mecA gene. We believe that this diversity warrants a new naming system based on phylogenetic principles which can also serve as a guideline for the reporting of additional novel mecA homologues that may be identified in the future.
Fine-Tuning the Ring-Size of Metallacyclophanes:  A Rational Approach to Molecular Pentagons (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFine-Tuning the Ring-Size of Metallacyclophanes: A Rational Approach to Molecular PentagonsCristian Saul Campos-Fernández, Rodolphe Clérac, John M. Koomen, David H. Russell, and Kim R. DunbarView Author Information Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry College Station, Texas 77842-3012 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 4, 773–774Publication Date (Web):January 6, 2001Publication History Received9 August 2000Published online6 January 2001Published inissue 1 January 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja002960rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja002960rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1081Altmetric-Citations156LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Ions,Ligands,Self organization,Solutions Get e-Alerts
TaN and $\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$ Sidewall Gate-Etch Damage Influence on Program, Erase, and Retention of Sub-50-nm TANOS nand Flash Memory Cells (2011)

The sidewall gate-etch damage influence on the electrical behavior of 48-nm TaN/AI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /SiN/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si (TANOS) NAND charge-trapping memory cells is investigated in detail. This etch damage occurs at the sidewall of the high work-function TaN metal gate and high-k AI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> blocking-oxide layers and adversely affects the electrical performance and the mechanical stability of small-ground-rule TANOS cells. Both issues could be solved for 48-nm TANOS cells by the introduction of a new integration scheme, which includes a removable encapsulation liner. This SiN liner protects the TaN sidewall from the etch damage during the aggressive AI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> high-k etch process. The optimum of the 48-nm electrical cell performance was found for a 4-nm encapsulation liner thickness. In contrast to 48-nm TANOS cells, the encapsulation liner thickness does not affect the electrical performance of large 5-μm-long-and-wide memory cells. The memory cell performance dependence on the TANOS liner thickness and memory cell size is explained by a damaged AI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> region approximately 3-4 nm thick at the block oxide side wall. As a result, the reported etch damage exhibits a new scaling issue for TANOS memory cells around the 20-nm technology node when the total encapsulation liner thickness approaches half of the memory cell length.