gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iron Metabolism: Iron Deficiency and Iron Overload (2000)

Iron is an essential cofactor in a variety of cellular processes. Except for a few unusual bacterial species, iron is indispensable for living organisms. However, free iron is toxic because of its propensity to induce the formation of dangerous free radicals. Consequently, iron balance is tightly regulated. Disorders of iron homeostasis are among the most common afflictions of humans. This review discusses inherited iron deficiency and iron overload disorders and recent insights into their pathophysiology.
Binding of Streptococcus pyogenes to laminin. (1984)

Some strains of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from infected human tissues were shown to bind laminin, a major component of basement membranes. Binding of 125I-laminin to bacteria was time dependent and functionally irreversible. Of several unlabeled proteins tested in competition experiments, laminin and fibrinogen inhibited binding of the radiolabeled protein. The inhibitory effect exerted by fibrinogen was apparently not caused by a binding to the laminin receptors. The number of receptors available for laminin on cells of the strain examined ranged from 0 to 10(3) depending on the media used to grow the bacteria and an apparent KD of 4 X 10(-8)M was calculated for the reaction. Bacterial cells incubated with proteolytic enzymes lose the ability to bind laminin, and a trypsin digest contained active receptors capable of competing with intact cells for 125I-laminin. Active receptors may be adsorbed on a column of laminin-Sepharose but not on Sepharose gels substituted with fibrinogen or fibronectin. After radiolabeling the proteins in the trypsin digest a laminin-binding 125I-labeled protein (Mr greater than 10(6] was isolated by affinity chromatography from a receptor positive strain. Similar components could not be isolated from a strain apparently lacking laminin receptors. Therefore, this protein was tentatively identified as a laminin receptor of streptococci.
Optically detected magnetic resonance study of the interaction of an arsenic(III) derivative of cacodylic acid with EcoRI methyltransferase (1991)

The interaction of the enzyme Escherichia coli RI methyl transferase (methylase) with an arsenic(III) derivative of cacodylic acid has been investigated by optical detection of triplet-state magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy in zero applied magnetic field. The reactive derivative (CH3)2AsSR is formed by the reduction of cacodylate by a thiol. The As(III) derivative binds to the enzyme by mercaptide exchange with a cysteine (Cys) residue located close to a tryptophan (Trp) site. The arsenical binding selectively induces an external heavy-atom effect, perturbing the nearby Trp residue in the enzyme. Zero-field splittings (ZFS) and total decay rate constants of the individual triplet-state sublevels of the Trp residue in the presence and absence of perturbation by As(III) have been determined. The perturbed Trp shows a large reduction in the overall decay lifetime compared with unperturbed Trp residue, exhibiting a high selectively for the Tx sublevel. This selectivity suggests that the As atom lies in the xz plane of the principal magnetic axis system of Trp, but not directly along the z (out-of-plane) axis. The accessibility of this enzyme binding site to the arsenical is decreased upon forming a ternary complex of methylase with sinefungin and a DNA oligomer, d[GCGAA(BrU)(BrU)CGC], containing two 5-bromouracil (BrU) bases in place of thymine within the hexadeoxynucleotide recognition sequence. This result indicates that the arsenical binding site in methylase which produces the Trp heavy-atom effect is protected from this ligand by ternary complex formation or the enzyme undergoes a conformation change, removing the Cys from the Trp site. This protection is also observed in fluorescence quenching experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Transfection of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-7 expressing plasmid into cultured human renal tubular epithelial cells attenuates the extracellular matrix accumulation induced by transforming growth factor-beta]. (2006)

Over-expression of BMP-7 significantly inhibits the increased syntheses of collagen I and III, and fibronectin induced by TGF-beta. BMP-7 exerts its antifibrotic effect partially through blocking the TGF-beta-induced accumulation of extracellular matrix in human renal tubular epithelial cells.
Transcriptional Coactivator Cited2 Induces Bmi1 and Mel18 and Controls Fibroblast Proliferation viaInk4a/ARF (2003)

Cited2 (CBP/p300 interacting transactivator with ED-rich tail 2) is required for embryonic development, coactivation of transcription factor AP-2, and inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 transactivation. Cited2 is induced by multiple growth factors and cytokines and oncogenically transforms cells. Here, we show that the proliferation of Cited2(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts ceases prematurely. This is associated with a reduction in growth fraction, senescent cellular morphology, and increased expression of the cell proliferation inhibitors p16(INK4a), p19(ARF), and p15(INK4b). Deletion of INK4a/ARF (encoding p16(INK4a) and p19(ARF)) completely rescued the defective proliferation of Cited2(-/-) fibroblasts. However, the deletion of INK4a/ARF did not rescue the embryonic malformations observed in Cited2(-/-) mice, indicating that INK4a/ARF-independent pathways are likely to be involved here. We found that Cited2(-/-) fibroblasts had reduced expression of the polycomb-group genes Bmi1 and Mel18, which function as INK4a/ARF and Hox repressors. Complementation with CITED2-expressing retrovirus enhanced proliferation, induced Bmi1/Mel18 expression, and decreased INK4a/ARF expression. Bmi1- and Mel18-expressing retroviruses enhanced the proliferation of Cited2(-/-) fibroblasts, indicating that they function downstream of Cited2. Our results provide genetic evidence that Cited2 controls the expression of INK4a/ARF and fibroblast proliferation, at least in part via the polycomb-group genes Bmi1 and Mel18.
Real-Time Monitoring in Atomic Layer Deposition of TiO2 from TiI4 and H2O−H2O2 (2000)

Atomic layer deposition of TiO2 films from alternate pulses of TiI4 and H2O−H2O2 vapors was studied with a quartz crystal microbalance in real time. The film formation mechanism did not depend remarkably on the time parameters of growth cycles or precursor doses but was dominantly determined by the growth temperature. The reaction of H2O−H2O2 with the TiIx-terminated surface was a self-limited process. The adsorption of TiI4 was not entirely saturative but proceeded via partial decomposition of TiI4, as the adsorbed mass increased continuously during the TiI4 pulse. Changes in the growth mechanism and an increasing contribution of precursor decomposition were observed at temperatures between 200 and 300 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTANCES WITH ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY PART 53, N‐(DELTA‐(4‐PYRROLO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDINYLTHIO)‐VALERYL)‐AMINO ACIDS AND ANALOGOUS DERIVATIVES OF DI‐ AND TRIGLYCINE (1973)

Abstract Durch Kondensation des Mercaptopyrrolopyrimidins (I) mit den Bromvaleriansäurederivaten (II) in Gegenwart stöchiometrischer NaOH‐Mengen in wäßrigem Äthanol werden die Pyrrolopyrimidinylthiovaleriansäureverbindungen (III) dargestellt.
Tranilast Attenuates Structural and Functional Aspects of Renal Injury in the Remnant Kidney Model (2004)

Pathologic fibrosis is a key feature of progressive renal disease that correlates closely with kidney dysfunction and in which the prosclerotic growth factor TGF-beta has been consistently implicated. Tranilast (n-[3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl] anthranilic acid), an antifibrotic agent that is used to treat hypertrophic scars and scleroderma, has also been shown to inhibit TGF-beta-induced extracellular matrix synthesis in a range of cell types, including those of renal origin. Therefore, the effects of tranilast on kidney fibrosis and dysfunction were examined in the subtotal nephrectomy model of progressive renal injury. Subtotal nephrectomy led to proteinuria and renal dysfunction in association with glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and macrophage accumulation. Despite persistent hypertension, treatment with tranilast led to a reduction in albuminuria (61.7 (x)/(/) 1.2 versus 20.5 (x)/(/) 1.3 mg/d; P < 0.01) and plasma creatinine (0.16 versus 0.08 mmol/L; P < 0.01) in subtotally nephrectomized rats. In addition, features suggestive of TGF-beta activation, including glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and macrophage accumulation, all were significantly attenuated by tranilast in association with evidence of reduced TGF-beta signaling in vivo. In the context of a recent pilot study in humans, the findings of the present report suggest that tranilast may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of progressive kidney disease characterized by fibrotic scarring.
Detection of Gov system antibodies by MAIPA reveals an immunogenicity similar to the HPA‐5 alloantigens (2000)

The glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked platelet protein CD109 carries the biallelic alloantigen system Gov. There is limited information on the incidence of Gov alloantibodies in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAITP), post-transfusion purpura (PTP) and platelet refractoriness. We adapted the monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) assay to the detection of Gov antibodies and determined their incidence in 605 archived samples (112 with HPA antibodies) referred for the aforementioned conditions. Here, we show that CD109 expression was reduced upon platelet storage in saline or by cryopreservation, but was stable when stored as whole blood or therapeutic platelet concentrate. Fourteen of the 605 samples contained Gov alloantibodies (anti-Gova, n = 10; anti-Govb, n = 4), with the majority in platelet refractoriness (n = 9) and, of the remaining five, four in NAITP and one in PTP. In seven cases, no other HPA antibodies were detected, three being NAITP cases. The incidence of Gov antibodies was significantly lower than HPA-1 system antibodies (n = 87), but equalled the number of HPA-5 system antibodies (n = 14) and outnumbered HPA-2 and -3 system antibodies (10 altogether).
Product hierarchy-based customer profiles for electronic commerce recommendation (2003)

Personalized service is becoming a key strategy in electronic commerce. Traditional personalization techniques such as collaborative filtering and rule-based method have many drawbacks, including lack of scalability, reliance on subjective user rating or static profiles, and the inability to capture a richer set of semantic relationships among objects. In this paper, we present a new approach by building customer profiles based on the product hierarchy for more effective personalization in electronic commerce. We divide each customer profile into three parts: the basic profile, preference profile, and rule profile. Based on the customer profiles, two kinds of recommendations can be generated: interest recommendation and association recommendation. We also propose a special data structure: a profile tree for effective searching and matching. By using our method, customer profiles can be constructed online, and real-time recommendations can be implemented. Finally, we conducted experiments to validate our methods using real data.
Arrangement of attachment-promoting, self-association, and heparin-binding sites in horse serum fibronectin. (1982)

Chicken myoblasts require fibronectin (a dimeric protein with subunits of M, -230,000) for their attachment to a substratum.Large monomeric fragments (Mr -200,000) of horse serum fibronectin retain f u l l attachment-promoting activity and ability to bind to gelatin; digestion with chymotrypsin of fibronectin bound to gelatin-Sepharose yields a mixture of two attachmentpromoting fragments (M, = 160,000 and 135,000) and a single M, = 60,000 gelatin-binding fragment (Ehrismann, R., Chiquet, M., and Turner, D. C. (1981) J. Biot
Detection, measurement and characterization of unwanted antibodies induced by therapeutic biologicals. (2005)

Assessment of the unwanted immunogenicity of therapeutic biologicals in recipients is an important consideration in the evaluation of these medicinal products. Proper planning of immunogenicity studies with appropriately devised strategies is critical if valid and meaningful conclusions concerning the unwanted immunogenicity are to be derived. An essential requisite for such studies is the need for conducting carefully selected and validated procedures. Several techniques are available for detection, characterization and measurement of antibodies elicited in an immune response. These include various formats of immunoassays, surface plasmon resonance and biological assays. None of these assays alone can provide sufficient information on the characteristics of the induced antibodies. A combination of methods is therefore usually necessary for a detailed understanding of the quantity and type(s) of antibodies generated against a therapeutic product. This manuscript considers the benefits and limitations of the various techniques available for antibody detection and outlines a brief strategy for the assessment of unwanted immunogenicity of therapeutic products.
Selective brain cooling after cardiac arrest (1996)

Safar, Peter MD FCCM; Klain, Miroslav MD PhD; Tisherman, Samuel MD Author Information
Functional Neuroanatomy of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus: Its Roles in the Regulation of Arousal and Autonomic Function Part II: Physiological and Pharmacological Manipulations and Pathological Alterations of Locus Coeruleus Activity in Humans (2008)

The locus coeruleus (LC), the major noradrenergic nucleus of the brain, gives rise to fibres innervating most structures of the neuraxis. Recent advances in neuroscience have helped to unravel the neuronal circuitry controlling a number of physiological functions in which the LC plays a central role. Two such functions are the regulation of arousal and autonomic activity, which are inseparably linked largely via the involvement of the LC. Alterations in LC activity due to physiological or pharmacological manipulations or pathological processes can lead to distinct patterns of change in arousal and autonomic function. Physiological manipulations considered here include the presentation of noxious or anxiety-provoking stimuli and extremes in ambient temperature. The modification of LC-controlled functions by drug administration is discussed in detail, including drugs which directly modify the activity of LC neurones (e.g., via autoreceptors, storage, reuptake) or have an indirect effect through modulating excitatory or inhibitory inputs. The early vulnerability of the LC to the ageing process and to neurodegenerative disease (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases) is of considerable clinical significance. In general, physiological manipulations and the administration of stimulant drugs, alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists and noradrenaline uptake inhibitors increase LC activity and thus cause heightened arousal and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. In contrast, the administration of sedative drugs, including alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists, and pathological changes in LC function in neurodegenerative disorders and ageing reduce LC activity and result in sedation and activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Degradation of Veratramine to Benzene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic Acid (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDegradation of Veratramine to Benzene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic AcidO. Wintersteiner, M. Moore, and N. HosanskyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 11, 2781–2782Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01107a521RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (314 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
III-8 GaAs electrooptic directional coupler switch (1975)

Summary form only. An abstract of the above-titled article taken from the Device Research Conference (24-26 June 1975, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont., Canada) is presented.
A Blood-Resistant Surgical Glue for Minimally Invasive Repair of Vessels and Heart Defects (2014)

Currently, there are no clinically approved surgical glues that are nontoxic, bind strongly to tissue, and work well within wet and highly dynamic environments within the body. This is especially relevant to minimally invasive surgery that is increasingly performed to reduce postoperative complications, recovery times, and patient discomfort. We describe the engineering of a bioinspired elastic and biocompatible hydrophobic light-activated adhesive (HLAA) that achieves a strong level of adhesion to wet tissue and is not compromised by preexposure to blood. The HLAA provided an on-demand hemostatic seal, within seconds of light application, when applied to high-pressure large blood vessels and cardiac wall defects in pigs. HLAA-coated patches attached to the interventricular septum in a beating porcine heart and resisted supraphysiologic pressures by remaining attached for 24 hours, which is relevant to intracardiac interventions in humans. The HLAA could be used for many cardiovascular and surgical applications, with immediate application in repair of vascular defects and surgical hemostasis.
Phase I clinical trials of tezacitabine [(E)-2'-deoxy-2'-(fluoromethylene)cytidine] in patients with refractory solid tumors. (2002)

In general, FMdC was well tolerated. On the basis of the time to recovery from neutropenia, the recommended schedule for Phase II studies is one treatment every 2 weeks, at a minimum dose of 270 mg/m(2).
Dosimetric evaluation of immunoscintigraphy using indium-111-labeled monoclonal antibody fragments in patients with ovarian cancer. (1992)

This study reports the biodistribution and dosimetry for a monoclonal antibody against ovarian carcinoma. Eight patients received 140 MBq 111In-OV-TL 3 F(ab')2; thereafter gamma camera imaging was performed daily up to 96 hr. By using the conjugated view counting method, activity in the organs was quantitated by phantom calibration and by whole-body measurements using a whole-body counter with the conjugated view counting method. Red bone marrow uptake was derived from regions of interest over the lumbar vertebrae and iliac crest. In both methods, organ uptake varied only slightly with time, having a mean value of approximately 18%, 4%, 6% and 17% of the injected dose in the liver, spleen, kidneys and red bone marrow, respectively. The mean radiation dose to these organs was 0.9, 1.5, 1.2 and 0.5 mGy/MBq. The effective dose equivalent was 0.4 mSv/MBq. In this study, two different methods of uptake calculations, result in similar values of organ uptake.
Tracer Diffusion in Silica Inverse Opals (2010)

We employed fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to study the diffusion of small fluorescence tracers in liquid filled silica inverse opals. The inverse opals consisted of a nanoporous silica scaffold spanning a hexagonal crystal of spherical voids of 360 nm diameter connected by circular pores of 70 nm diameter. The diffusion of Alexa Fluor 488 in water and of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) in toluene was studied. Three diffusion modes could be distinguished: (1) Free diffusion limited by the geometric constraints given by the inverse opal, where, as compared to the free solution, this diffusion is slowed down by a factor of 3-4, (2) slow diffusion inside the nanoporous matrix of the silica scaffold, and (3) diffusion limited by adsorption. On the length scale of the focus of a confocal microscope of roughly 400 nm diffusion was non-Fickian in all cases.
Incompletely reverse-transcribed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes in quiescent cells can function as intermediates in the retroviral life cycle (1992)

Using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, we have previously shown that a molecularly cloned isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can efficiently enter quiescent primary lymphocytes; however, the reverse transcription process is not completed in these cells. In this study, we further characterized the reverse transcription of HIV-1 in quiescent cells, and our results indicate that while initiation of reverse transcription occurs simultaneously in both activated and quiescent lymphocytes, it not only ends prematurely but also proceeds more slowly in quiescent cells. We also performed experiments to address the role of partial reverse transcripts as intermediates in the viral life cycle. We used azidothymidine either before or after infection with HIV-1 to prevent formation of and further DNA synthesis by partial reverse transcripts, respectively. Decreases in virus production from these cells following mitogenic stimulation indicated that partial reverse transcripts can contribute significantly to virus rescue from infected quiescent cells stimulated subsequent to infection. Furthermore, we established that mitogenic stimulation of infected quiescent cells induces reinitiation of DNA synthesis from partial reverse transcripts. However, the virus rescue is inefficient relative to the initial multiplicity of infection, and this is explained by inefficient completion of DNA synthesis from the partial reverse transcript. Thus, the arrest of reverse transcription in quiescent cells may play an important role in HIV-1 pathogenesis by contributing to the inefficient infection of potential target cells in the peripheral blood of HIV-1-infected individuals.