gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Scalable High-Bandwidth Architecture for Lossless Compression on FPGAs (2015)

Data compression techniques have been the subject of intense study over the past several decades due to exponential increases in the quantity of data stored and transmitted by computer systems. Compression algorithms are traditionally forced to make tradeoffs between throughput and compression quality (the ratio of original file size to compressed file size). FPGAs represent a compelling substrate for streaming applications such as data compression thanks to their capacity for deep pipelines and custom caching solutions. Unfortunately, data hazards in compression algorithms such as LZ77 inhibit the creation of deep pipelines without sacrificing some amount of compression quality. In this work we detail a scalable fully pipelined FPGA accelerator that performs LZ77 compression and static Huffman encoding at rates up to 5.6 GB/s. Furthermore, we explore tradeoffs between compression quality and FPGA area that allow the same throughput at a fraction of the logic utilization in exchange for moderate reductions in compression quality. Compared to recent FPGA compression studies, our emphasis on scalability gives our accelerator a 3.0x advantage in resource utilization at equivalent throughput and compression ratio.
Slow but Steady: Cap-Based Client-Network Interaction for Improved Streaming Experience (2018)

Due to widespread popularity of streaming services, many streaming clients typically compete over bottleneck links for their own bandwidth share. However, in such environments, the rate adaptation algorithms used by modern streaming clients often result in instability and unfairness, which negatively affects the playback experience. In addition, mobile clients often waste bandwidth by trying to stream excessively high video bitrates. We present and evaluate a cap-based framework in which the network and clients cooperate to improve the overall Quality of Experience (QoE). First, to motivate the framework, we conduct a comprehensive study using the lab setup showing that a fixed rate cap comes with both benefits (e.g., data savings, improved stability and fairness) and drawbacks (e.g., higher startup times and slower recovery after stalls). To address the drawbacks while keeping the benefits, we then introduce and evaluate a framework that includes (i) buffer-aware rate caps in which the network temporarily boosts the rate cap of clients during video startup and under low buffer conditions, and (ii) boost-aware client-side adaptation algorithms that optimize the bitrate selection during the boost periods. Combined with information sharing between the network and clients, these mechanisms are shown to improve QoE, while reducing wasted bandwidth.
N-sec- and N-tert-Alkyl derivatives of methoxamine and related compounds (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-sec- and N-tert-Alkyl derivatives of methoxamine and related compoundsRichard Baltzly and Nariman B. MehtaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 4, 833–844Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00310a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00310a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clinical pig liver xenotransplantation: how far do we have to go? (2011)

As pigs are currently the preferred species for organ xenotransplantation, initial experience in liver xenotransplantation with wild-type (WT) pigs, advances in the development of genetically modified pigs, and recent studies using livers from them are reviewed. The xenotransplantation of livers from pigs transgenic for the human complement regulatory protein (CRP) CD55 or from α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout pigs+/- additionally transgenic for the CRP CD46 (GTKO/CD46 pigs) is associated with the survival of approximately 1 week. Satisfactory hepatic function has been documented, lending support to the concept that the pig liver might provide a bridge to allotransplantation. However, although significant features of rejection have not been documented, the development of an immediate thrombocytopenia after graft reperfusion is problematic and leads to spontaneous hemorrhage within the body cavities, native organs, and graft. Current studies are being directed to understand the factors causing the activation, aggregation, or phagocytosis of platelets, in particular the interaction between platelets and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells. If this problem can be resolved, a clinical trial of pig liver xenotransplantation as a bridge to allotransplantation may be both feasible and justified.
Design of Coil Length of On-Chip Transformer With High Turn Ratio and High Coupling Performance (2012)

This paper examines the effect of coil length on the turn ratio and coupling coefficient of an on-chip transformer with multiple metal layers. This paper develops a transformer layout that utilizes one winding loop in a metal layer with a ladder where the pieces of metal between two coils crossed. According to the relevant analytical formula, a transformer is properly arranged with two coil locations to ensure high performance. To demonstrate the proposed algorithm, a total of five devices are fabricated using 0.13-μm CMOS technology. Measurements reveal that the proposed transformer has a turn ratio of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> = 5.59, a coupling coefficient of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> = 0.7, and an inductance density of 1052 nH/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Porosity aware buffered steiner tree construction (2003)

In order to achieve timing closure on increasingly complex IC designs, buffer insertion needs to be performed on thousands of nets within an integrated physical synthesis system. Modern designs may contain large blocks which severely constrain the buffer locations. Even when there may appear to be space for buffers in the alleys between large blocks, these regions are often densely packed or may needed later to fix critical paths. Therefore, within physical synthesis, a buffer insertion scheme needs to be aware of the porosity of the existing layout to be able to decide when to insert buffers in dense regions to achieve critical performance improvement and when to utilize the sparser regions of the chip.This work addresses the problem of finding porosity-aware buffering solutions by constructing a "smart Steiner tree" to pass to van Ginneken's topology based algorithm. This flow allows one to fully integrate the algorithm into a physical synthesis system without paying an exorbitant runtime penalty. We show that significant improvements on timing closure are obtained when this approach is integrated into a physical synthesis system.
Achievable performance over the correlated Rician channel (1994)

The correlated Rician channel is a useful model for a slowly fading channel, in which the complex fading process is composed of two quadrature Gaussian processes with a given autocorrelation function. For slow fading the correlation between adjacent symbols is relatively high. The authors investigate the achievable error probabilities over the channel, employing coherent detection and ideal side information on the realization of the fading processes at the receiver. An underlying decoding delay constraint which precludes the use of (ideal) interleaving is assumed. Coded BPSK performance is addressed both with and without the piecewise constant approximation (according to which the fading value remains constant during the symbol duration). For the latter case, that is no piecewise constant approximation, the analysis relies on the Fredholm determinant associated with the fading process autocorrelation function. The authors focus on the exponentially correlated channel. The "worst case" pairs of codewords are identified. The exponential behavior of the error probability with random coding (and i.i.d. Gaussian inputs) is analyzed, and the behavior of the cut-off rate and capacity is addressed. The results enhance the insight to the effect of the basic parameters governing the performance and these are examined in view of previous works and compared to relevant performance results for the block-fading channel model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Critical Role of MHC Class I-Related Chain A and B Expression on IFN-α-Stimulated Dendritic Cells in NK Cell Activation: Impairment in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2003)

Dendritic cells (DCs) augment effector functions of NK cells, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we show in an in vitro coculture system that human monocyte-derived DCs enhance IFN-gamma production, CD69 expression, and K562 cytolytic ability of NK cells when DCs are prestimulated with various maturation stimuli such as IFN-alpha or LPS. Of interest is the finding that NK cell activation mediated by LPS-stimulated DCs was dependent on IL-12 produced in DC/NK coculture, but that IFN-alpha-stimulated DC-mediated activation was not. Alternatively, MHC class I-related chain A and B (MICA/B), ligands for NKG2D activating receptor, were found to be induced on DCs upon IFN-alpha stimulation and to be responsible for the NK activation because mAb-mediated masking of MICA/B as well as inhibition of direct cell-to-cell contact using transwell insert completely abolished DC-dependent NK cell activation by IFN-alpha. Finally, DCs recovered from chronic hepatitis C virus-infected patients showed defects in the induction of MICA/B and impaired ability to activate NK cells in response to IFN-alpha stimulation. These findings suggested that MICA/B induction on DCs may be one of the mechanisms by which IFN-alpha activates NK cells; this impairment might affect IFN-alpha responsiveness in hepatitis C virus infection.
SOLVING THE UPDATED AND DOWNDATED ORDINARY LINEAR MODEL ON MASSIVELY PARALLEL SIMD SYSTEMS (1993)

Several algorithms have appeared for solving the Ordinary Linear Model (OLM), after a number of observations have been added or deleted. In this paper we employ Householder transformations and Givens rotations to solve the updated and downdated OLM, using a massively parallel SIMD computer. Some of our methods are modified versions of serial algorithms published previously while others appear for the first time. The execution time models of all algorithms are studied and compared.
Selective synthesis of unsymmetrical hydroxylated and methoxylated biaryls (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective synthesis of unsymmetrical hydroxylated and methoxylated biarylsGiovanni Sartori, Raimondo Maggi, Franca Bigi, and Michele GrandiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 25, 7271–7273Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00077a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00077a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views447Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intertransverse Process Fusion with the Aid of Chemosterilized Autolyzed Antigen-Extracted Allogeneic (AAA) Bone (1981)

Forty intertransverse process spinal fusions were performed across two to three vertebrae in four cases of fracture-dislocations of the dorsolumbar region and 36 cases of degenerative joint and disk disease, including spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis of lumbosacral segments. In all cases, arthrodesis was performed with a composite of AAA cortical bone strips and local autologous spongiosa, including lamellar bone chips. The iliac crest was not used as a donor site in any case. The apophyseal joints were erased, packed with autologous bone slivers, and transfixed with AAA bone pegs. In selected cases, AAA cortical bone "H-blocks" were also placed between the spinous process as in a routine posterior lateral arthrodesis. In cases of bilateral total laminectomy for fractures or spinal stenosis, the excised cancellous bone chips were cleaned of soft parts and transplanted across the transverse processes beneath and around the AAA cortical bone implants. In the above-described operations, graded by the Anatomic-Functional Economic (AEF) system, the long-term excellent and good results were: 4/4 in fracture dislocations; 23/28 in degenerative arthritis and spinal stenosis; 5/8 in spondylolisthesis. Overall, there were over 80% excellent and good results; the pseudarthrosis rate was 12%. In a comparable surgical procedure with autologous iliac bone in 58 control cases, reported in the foregoing article in this volume, the minimum pseudarthrosis rate was 8%. Raw band bone, either frozen or freeze-dried, is now either so infrequently considered or unavailable for lumbar spinal operations or unavailable for lumbar spinal operations that further investigations of AAA bone grafts are warranted in a statistically significant number of patients. Although autologous bone is the ideal bone for a graft, the most important incentive for further investigations of AAA bone is the avoidance of complications of excision of massive bone grafts from iliac crests.
Synthesis of 3,7,8‐15N3‐N1‐(β‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranosyl)‐5‐guanidinohydantoin (2003)

Abstract 3,7,8‐ 15 N 3 ‐N 1 ‐( β ‐D‐ erythro ‐pentofuranosyl)‐5‐guanidinohydantoin was synthesized from the oxidation of 1,7,NH 2 ‐ 15 N 3 ‐8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine with 2 equivalents of Ir(IV) in pH 4.5 potassium phosphate buffer. The synthesis of 1,7,NH 2 ‐ 15 N 3 ‐8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine started with bromination of 1,7,NH 2 ‐ 15 N 3 ‐2′‐deoxyguanosine. The resulting 1,7,NH 2 ‐ 15 N 3 ‐8‐bromo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine reacted with sodium benzyloxide to afford 1,7,NH 2 ‐ 15 N 3 ‐8‐benzyloxy‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine. Subsequent catalytic transfer hydrogenation of 1,7,NH 2 ‐ 15 N 3 ‐8‐benzyloxy‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine with cyclohexene and 10% Pd/C yielded 1,7,NH 2 ‐ 15 N 3 ‐8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine. Purification of 3,7,8‐ 15 N 3 ‐N 1 ‐( β ‐D‐ erythro ‐pentofuranosyl)‐5‐guanidinohydantoin was first carried out on a C18 column and the product was further purified on a graphite column. ESI‐MS was used to confirm the identity and to determine the isotopic purity of all the labeled compounds. The isotopic purity of 3,7,8‐ 15 N 3 ‐N 1 ‐( β ‐D‐ erythro ‐pentofuranosyl)‐5‐guanidinohydantoin was 99.4 atom% based on LC‐MS measurements. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic Investigation of Epigenetics in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Missing Link between Genetics and Behavior? (2010)

Neuropsychiatric disorders affect a large segment of the human population and result in large costs to society. The majority of such disorders have unknown underlying causes. Recent evidence suggests an important role for epigenetic regulation in the emergence of neuropsychiatric disease. Epigenetics may provide a link between genetic and environmental factors and behavior. Epigenetic signaling involves changes on the structure of chromatin; such changes are often triggered and maintained by the post-translational modification of chromatin proteins and/or DNA. Recent proteomic technologies have enabled the study of epigenetic mechanisms in a high-throughput manner. This review will provide an overview of the major epigenetic pathways and modern techniques for their study, before focusing on experimental evidence supporting a strong role for epigenetics in selected psychiatric disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. These results highlight a great need for the inclusion of the proteomic characterization of epigenetic mechanisms in the study of gene/disease associations in psychiatric disorders.
Vaccinia Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses Target a Set of Antigens Largely Distinct from Those Targeted by CD8+ T Cell Responses (2007)

Recent studies have defined vaccinia virus (VACV)-specific CD8(+) T cell epitopes in mice and humans. However, little is known about the epitope specificities of CD4(+) T cell responses. In this study, we identified 14 I-A(b)-restricted VACV-specific CD4(+) T cell epitopes by screening a large set of 2146 different 15-mer peptides in C57BL/6 mice. These epitopes account for approximately 20% of the total anti-VACV CD4(+) T cell response and are derived from 13 different viral proteins. Surprisingly, none of the CD4(+) T cell epitopes identified was derived from VACV virulence factors. Although early Ags were recognized, late Ags predominated as CD4(+) T cell targets. These results are in contrast to what was previously found in CD8(+) T cells responses, where early Ags, including virulence factors, were prominently recognized. Taken together, these results highlight fundamental differences in immunodominance of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses to a complex pathogen.
<title>Optical Disk Servo Control System</title> (1982)

The optical memory servo control system performs five major functions. They are micro-processor control, disk spindle speed control, focusing, seeking and radial track-following. Preliminary laboratory results show that an average seek time of 100 msec and one track seek of 300 &mu;sec were achieved over a total of 40,000 tracks. Radial tracking with an error less than 0.1 &mu;m was obtained through a tracking servo. These radial tracking and random access capabilities were achieved by combining the use of a specially designed galvanometer and a translator carriage. Normal operating focus error of less than 0.1 &mu;m was also obtained. Finally, the overall servo control system is greatly enchanced through a microprocessor controller with an adaptive control algorithm. This provides high flexibility to the servo system design in order to meet the stringent performance requirements of an optical memory system. A mathematical model of the complete servo system was developed. The analytical information was used to design and fabricate a laboratory model optical memory device.
Über 3‐Acylimino‐3H‐1.2‐benzodithiole (1968)

Abstract Für die durch Umsetzung von 3‐Chlor‐1.2‐benzisothiazolen 5 mit Thiocarbonsäuren erhaltenen Verbindungen wird die Struktur von 3‐Acylimino ‐3 H ‐1.2‐benzodithiolen ( 6B ) bewiesen. Durch Umsetzung mit Hydrazin erhält man in einer interessanten Reaktion 2.2′‐Bis‐[1.2.4‐triazolyl‐(3)]‐diphenyldisulfide ( 14 ). Die Verseifung mit Chlorwasserstoff liefert 3‐Imino‐3 H ‐1.2‐benzodithiole ( 13 ), die bisher unbekannten Grundkörper dieser Verbindungsklasse.
α-l-iduronate ring conformations in heparin and heparin derivatives. 13C Nuclear-magnetic-resonance analysis and titration data for variously desulphated and periodate-oxidized heparins (1978)

A heparin derivative that had been O/N-desulphated and re-N-acetylated was investigated by 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy and potentiometric titration. Three forms of uronic acid were observed, tentatively identified as beta-D-glucuronate, and two different forms of alpha-L-iduronate. A comparison of the n.m.r. spectra of heparin, an oligosaccharide (beta-D-glucuronate-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose)n, and heparin that had been subjected to selective oxidation of beta-D-glucuronate, enabled the position of the anomeric carbon of the latter residue to be assigned [delta 102.9 (p.p.m.)]. Periodate oxidation of O/N-desulphated heparin destroyed in addition, approx. 40% of the alpha-L-iduronate content. The remainder of the alpha-L-iduronate residues displayed only one anomeric resonance, at delta 99.7 (p.p.m.). In another preparation, after sequential desulphation of heparin (N-desulphation, re-N-acetylation and O-desulphation) the anomeric resonance of the alpha-L-iduronate residue shifted downfield [from delta99.7 (p.p.m.) to delta 102.3]indicating a change in ring conformation. These data support the interpretation that the unsulphated alpha-L-iduronate residues may adopt two conformations. It was shown that the proportions of alpha-L-iduronate conformers are determined by the sequence of desulphation operations. Also minor components of heparin were assigned.
Evaluation of the effects of the enantiomers of reduced haloperidol, azaperol, and related 4-amino-1-arylbutanols on dopamine and .sigma. receptors (1993)

The enantiomers of reduced haloperidol (3a), azaperol (3b), and the related compound BMY-14802 (3c) were prepared in high optical purity. The affinity of these compounds for dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, and sigma S1 and S2 sites was determined in vitro. Both enantiomers of 3a display greatly decreased affinity for D2 and D3 receptors compared to haloperidol, although they still possess affinities in the 100-200-nM range. Both enantiomers of 3a possess potent and equal affinity for S1 sites (Ki: 1-2 nM), only slightly weaker than haloperidol (Ki: 0.33 nM). At S2 sites, (R)-(+)-3a displays similar affinity to haloperidol (Ki: 31 and 26 nM, respectively), while (S)-(-)-3a is slight more potent (Ki: 8.2 nM). The stereoselectivity profile of the enantiomers of 3b at D2 and D3 receptors is quite similar to that of 3a, (S)-(-)-3b being about 4 times more potent than its enantiomer at both receptors. (R)-(+)-3b binds preferentially to sigma S1 over S2 sites, while (S)-(-)-3b displays the opposite selectivity profile. Both enantiomers of 3c possess very weak affinity for D2 and D3 receptors. In a manner similar to the enantiomers of 3b, the affinity of (R)-(+)-3c is greater for S1 than S2 sites, while (S)-(-)-3c displays the opposite selectivity profile. Following parenteral administration of both enantiomers of 3a, dopamine synthesis and turnover in rat striatum, cortex, and mesolimbic areas were increased, in a manner similar to the effects produced by haloperidol itself. Additional studies will be required to assess with certainty whether the effects were due to the compounds themselves or simply were a consequence of the in vivo oxidation to haloperidol.