gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Analysis of the Structure and Interaction of Triblock Copolymer Micelles in Aqueous Solution (1998)

We report analysis of an extensive set of small angle neutron scattering intensity distributions from triblock copolymer micelles in aqueous solutions. We investigated two Pluronics, P84 (PEO19 PPO43 PEO19) and P104 (PEO27 PPO61 PEO27), in an entire range of disordered spherical micellar phases both in temperature and in concentration. At room temperature, both poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) are hydrophilic but at elevated temperature, PPO becomes significantly less hydrophilic, thus creating a thermodynamic driving force for micellization. It has been known that the resultant spherical micelle consists of a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic corona region. In this paper, we propose a “cap-and-gown” model for the microstructure of the micelle, taking into consideration the polymer segmental distribution and water penetration profile in the core and corona regions. We take into account the intermicellar correlation using an adhesive hard sphere model of Baxter. With this combined model, we are able to fit satisfactorily all SANS intensities for the entire micellar range in an absolute scale. We obtain consistent trends for impotant parameters such as the aggregation number, hydration number per polymer in both the core and corona, and surface stickiness. The structure of micelle stays essentially constant as a function of concentration, but changes rapidly with temperature. Both the aggregation number and surface stickiness increase, and the micelle becomes drier with increasing temperature. The micellar core is not completely dry but contains up to 20% (volume fraction) of solvent molecules at lower temperatures.
Production of soluble mammalian proteins in Escherichia coli: identification of protein features that correlate with successful expression (2004)

By analysis of the protein features identified here, this study will help predict which mammalian proteins and domains can be successfully expressed in E. coli as soluble product and also which are best targeted for a eukaryotic expression system. In some cases proteins may be truncated to minimise molecular weight and the numbers of contiguous hydrophobic amino acids and low complexity regions to aid soluble expression in E. coli.
Imaging of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Current Techniques, Spectrum of Findings, and Diagnostic Pitfalls (2006)

Cerebral venous thrombosis is a relatively uncommon but serious neurologic disorder that is potentially reversible with prompt diagnosis and appropriate medical care. Because the possible causal factors and clinical manifestations of this disorder are many and varied, imaging plays a primary role in the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, un-enhanced computed tomography (CT), unenhanced time-of-flight MR venography, and contrast material-enhanced MR venography and CT venography are particularly useful techniques for detecting cerebral venous and brain parenchymal changes that may be related to thrombosis. To achieve an accurate diagnosis, it is important to have a detailed knowledge of the normal venous anatomy and variants, the spectrum of findings (venous sinus thrombi and recanalization, parenchymal diffusion or perfusion changes or hemorrhage), other potentially relevant conditions (deep venous occlusion, isolated cortical venous thrombosis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension), and potential pitfalls in image interpretation.
Vascular Permeability Factor Accelerates Endothelial Regrowth Following Balloon Angioplasty (1994)

Many failures of vascular reconstructions are due to thrombosis and restenosis and are often attributed to inadequate endothelial regeneration at the site of endothelial denudation. Vascular permeability factor (VPF) is a naturally occurring growth factor responsible for vessel permeability and microvascular angiogenesis. Here, we show that VPF stimulated rabbit endothelial cell proliferation in vitro at concentrations 100 ng/ml. However, VPF had no effect on smooth muscle cell proliferation at these concentrations up to 500 ng/ml. When VPF was administered for 4 weeks (120 micrograms, twice weekly, i.v.) following balloon angioplasty-induced endothelial denudation of rabbit carotid artery, there was a significant increase in the in vivo regeneration of endothelium compared to control (57.5 +/- 6.7% vs. 38.3 +/- 1.9%, P < 0.01). Moreover, 8 weeks of VPF administration resulted in 88.1 +/- 3.1% re-endothelialization compared to control (44.7 +/- 3.8%). Hence, VPF appears to be a specific mitogen for endothelial regeneration.
Ventilatory responses at rest and during exercise in marathon runners (1982)

Diminished ventilatory responsiveness to hypercapnia and hypoxia has been reported in athletes, but whether reduced chemosensitivity might lessen hyperpnea during exercise and facilitate performance is unknown. To evaluate ventilatory control and its possible role in athletic performance, we prospectively measured ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia at rest and ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) and oxygen (VE/VO2) during exercise in 20 accomplished marathon (42.2 km) runners (RUN) and 20 control subjects (CON). The athletes (mean age 27.8, range 18-41 yr) were all experienced runners with a mean best marathon time of 2 h, 36 min (range 2:14-2:55). There were no significant differences in the ventilatory responses at rest to hypercapnia (RUN, 2.23 +/- 0.73 vs. CON, 2.61 +/- 1.05 l X min-1 X Torr-1) and hypoxia (RUN, 0.57 +/- 0.40 vs. CON, 0.88 +/- 0.72 l X min-1 X 1% desat-1) (mean +/- SD). Similarly, there were no significant differences in VE/VCO2 and VE/VO2 between the two groups. Good correlation (r = 0.68; P less than 0.01) was observed between hypercapnic response at rest and exercise ventilation (VE/VCO2) in RUN. However, both hypercapnic and hypoxic ventilatory responses correlated poorly with marathon running time. These results demonstrate no differences in ventilatory responses at rest and during exercise between marathon runners and control subjects. The range of ventilatory responsiveness observed in this group of marathon runners indicates that a spectrum of ventilatory control is present in well-trained endurance athletes.
Effect of Ganglioside and Tetraspanins in Microdomains on Interaction of Integrins with Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (2005)

The functional interaction ("cross-talk") of integrins with growth factor receptors has become increasingly clear as a basic mechanism in cell biology, defining cell growth, adhesion, and motility. However, no studies have addressed the microdomains in which such interaction takes place nor the effect of gangliosides and tetraspanins (TSPs) on such interaction. Growth of human embryonal WI38 fibroblasts is highly dependent on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and its receptor (FGFR), stably associated with ganglioside GM3 and TSPs CD9 and CD81 in the ganglioside-enriched microdomain. Adhesion and motility of these cells are mediated by laminin-5 ((LN5) and fibronectin (FN) through alpha3beta1 and alpha5beta1 integrin receptors, respectively. When WI38 cells or its transformant VA13 cells were adhered to LN5 or FN, alpha3beta1 or alpha5beta1 were stimulated, giving rise to signaling to activate FGFR through tyrosine phosphorylation and inducing cell proliferation under serum-free conditions without FGF addition. Types and intensity of signaling during the time course differed significantly depending on the type of integrin stimulated (alpha3beta1 versus alpha5beta1), and on cell type (WI38 versus VA13). Such effect of cross-talk between integrins and FGFR was influenced strongly by the change of GM3 and TSPs. (i) GM3 depletion by P4 caused enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of FGFR and Akt followed by MAPK activation, without significant change of ceramide level. GM3 depletion also caused enhanced co-immunoprecipitation of FGFR with alpha3/alpha5/beta1 and of these integrins with CD9/CD81. (ii) LN5- or FN-dependent proliferation of both WI38 and VA13 was strongly enhanced by GM3 depletion and by CD9/CD81 knockdown by siRNA. Thus, integrin-FGFR cross-talk is strongly influenced by GM3 and/or TSPs within the ganglioside-enriched microdomain.
CELL RELATIONSHIP IN A WISTAR RAT MODEL OF SPONTANEOUS PROSTATITIS (2001)

Our results confirm previous reports of spontaneous prostatitis in Wistar rats and indicate that moderate inflammation may occur in 80% of rats at as early as age 13 weeks. While the correlation of the nerve mast cell axis with mast cell degranulation does not prove our hypothesis of mast cell mediated inflammatory mediator release in the development of nonbacterial prostatitis, it suggests that such a relationship is possible.
Decision-theoretic troubleshooting (1995)

You have just finished typing that big report into your word processor. It is formatted correctly and looks beautiful on the screen. You hit print, go to the printer—and nothing is there. Your try again—still nothing. The report needs to go out today. What do you do?
The Esophagogastric Junction (1997)

The lower esophageal sphincter regulates the flow of food between the esophagus and the stomach. It is now clear that both the intrinsic smooth muscle of the distal esophagus and the skeletal muscle of the crural diaphragm constitute the sphincter mechanism at the lower end of the esophagus.1 Furthermore, in normal subjects and patients with reflux esophagitis, transient relaxation of both sphincters rather than diminished lower esophageal sphincter pressure is the major mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux.2 In this article we review the current understanding of the physiology of the sphincter mechanism at the esophagogastric junction and its relation to esophageal . . .
Current Advances in Vehicles for Brain Gene Delivery (2012)

Gene therapy is a novel and promising treatment strategy for brain diseases. Yet, its development is largely obscured by various in vivo transport hurdles, especially the special BBB structure of brain. Developing an ingenious delivery vehicle can provide a great solution. Conventional vehicles for brain gene delivery are viral and non-viral vectors. With inherent superiority of gene transfection, researches on viral vectors are mainly focused on problems of brain cell targeting and global brain delivery. Non-viral vectors are more studied for better brain cell entrance either directly delivered to brain or systemically delivered to the body. Novel vehicles are cell vehicles (genetically engineered or nanoparticle- carrying cells) and exosomes. They exhibit distinct and unique features compared to viral and non-viral vectors. This review gives a summarization of current advances in these four kinds of brain gene vehicles. The merits and demerits of them are also pointed out respectively. We are hoping to give a clue to the future development direction of vehicles for brain gene delivery.
RNA folding at elementary step resolution (2000)

We study the stochastic folding kinetics of RNA sequences into secondary structures with a new algorithm based on the formation, dissociation, and the shifting of individual base pairs. We discuss folding mechanisms and the correlation between the barrier structure of the conformational landscape and the folding kinetics for a number of examples based on artificial and natural sequences, including the influence of base modification in tRNAs.
Multipotent Precursors Can Give Rise to All Major Cell Types of the Frog Retina (1988)

A prospective lineage analysis was performed to determine the variety of cell types that could be formed by individual precursor cells of the developing frog retina. Fluorescent dextran was iontophoretically injected into single cells of the embryonic optic vesicle. After further development of the embryo, labeled descendants were observed in all three layers of the larval retina. Furthermore, different clones were composed of various combinations of all major cell types, including the glial Müller cells. Hence, single optic vesicle cells have the potential to form any type of retinal cell, suggesting that the interactions that specify the differentiation pathway of retinal cells must occur late in development.
Multimedia systems for telemedicine and their communications requirements (1996)

Telemedicine is much more than just teleconferencing. ISDN could be used in some low-end applications, but many telemedicine applications will require the higher bandwidth and guaranteed qualities of service supported by ATM. We discuss the design of multimedia systems for telemedicine. First, various applications of telemedicine are presented, and their multimedia and communications requirements are discussed. A telemedicine prototype is then presented, each of its components discussed, and a potential future telemedicine system is shown.
So you know how to treat iron deficiency anemia (2015)

In this issue of Blood, Moretti et al provide data that challenge the entrenched oral treatment of iron deficiency anemia. The paper shows how the newer understanding of hepcidin and iron metabolism in general can lead to very practical improvements in the management of iron deficiency anemia, a disorder that may affect as many as 1 billion people.
Role of Salmonella typhimurium Mn-superoxide dismutase (SodA) in protection against early killing by J774 macrophages (1995)

The Salmonella typhimurium gene for Mn-cofactored superoxide dismutase (sodA) was cloned by complementation of an Escherichia coli sodA sodB mutant for growth on minimal medium. Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 618 bp encoding a polypeptide with 97% identity to E. coli SodA. A S. typhimurium sodA mutant was created by allelic exchange and tested for the ability to survive in the murine macrophage-like cell line J774. Growth of bacteria under iron-limiting conditions, inactivation of the Fur repressor, or expression of sodA from a plasmid resulted in increased resistance to early killing by J774 cells, which was abolished in the sodA mutant. These results suggest that resistance to the early oxygen-dependent microbicidal mechanisms of phagocytes involves the SodA gene product. The S. typhimurium sodA mutant was not significantly attenuated in mice, however, which suggests that resistance to early oxygen-dependent microbicidal mechanisms in vivo may play only a minor role in Salmonella pathogenesis.
FUNCTIONAL HYPERSOMATOTROPISM IN SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE (SGA) NEWBORN INFANTS (1989)

Basal plasma GH levels and the GH responses to an injection of 1 microgram/kg 1-44(NH2) GHRH were determined on day 3 postnatally in 5 small gestational age (SGA) twin newborns and their appropriate gestational age (AGA) co-twins, and in 10 SGA singleton newborns and 6 AGA singleton newborns. The mean basal plasma GH level was higher in the SGA than in the AGA infants but the difference was significant only for singleton newborns (p less than 0.01). The mean peak plasma GH level was markedly increased in SGA compared to AGA infants (p less than 0.05 for twins, p less than 0.01 for singletons). Twelve SGA infants re-tested at 1 month had lower basal and peak plasma GH levels (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01). In 21 SGA and 17 AGA infants, serum IGF-I, measured by RIA between 12 and 96 hours after birth, was significantly higher in SGA than in AGA (p less than 0.001). These results suggest that, whatever the mechanism, functional hypersomatotropism is present at day 3 in SGA infants. This hypersomatotropism may participate in the early catch-up growth process.
Nucleation and Growth in Single DNA Molecules (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNucleation and Growth in Single DNA MoleculesKenichi Yoshikawa and Yukiko MatsuzawaView Author Information Graduate School of Human Informatics Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-01, JapanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4, 929–930Publication Date (Web):January 31, 1996Publication History Received8 August 1995Published online31 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja952685mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja952685mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views417Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cancer,Fluorescence,Genetics,Nucleation,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
Altered expression of androgen-receptor isoforms in human colon-cancer tissues (2000)

Many groups have examined of androgen the effects on normal and neoplastic colon tissues, but no clear picture has hitherto emerged. In particular, the presence and the function of the androgen receptor (AR) has only partially been investigated in the past. The present study reports analysis of expression of the AR gene as messenger RNA and as protein in surgical samples of neoplastic colon mucosa and of corresponding healthy surrounding tissue. Specific binding for DHT, demonstrating the presence of AR, was observed in almost all the samples (2 samples out of 12 were negative). No significant difference was observed between healthy and neoplastic mucosa, or between male and female patients. A further characterization of AR was performed with Western blot, using 2 different primary antibodies. Both AR isoforms, AR-B and AR-A, were detected in healthy mucosa, while only AR-A, resolving at 87 kDa, was observed in neoplastic mucosa. RT-PCR analysis revealed the transcript for AR in both healthy and neoplastic mucosa in 10 samples; no message was detectable in 2 samples (negative also for binding); 2 additional samples presented AR mRNA only in healthy colon mucosa, 2 others only in neoplastic mucosa. In addition, a variant AR messenger RNA, probabily derived from alternative splicing, was observed. We found that AR is expressed both in healthy and in neoplastic colon mucosa, either as mRNA or as protein. Neoplastic colon tissue shows a characteristic loss of expression of the AR-B isoform, while AR-A expression is maintained. These findings underscore the possible role of androgen and its receptor in colon carcinogenesis.
Secure access to electronic newspaper (2005)

Presents and investigates the performance of a secure access scheme to shared information. The primary target application is the electronic newspaper for mobile, wirelessly accessing users. In this application, a dynamically changing set of users is allowed to access the newspaper server. The authors based the solution on the locker key scheme, in which a user's access permission is granted by the server placing a universal encryption key in the user's buffer. The newspaper is then encrypted with the universal key and made public. Some of the salient features of the proposed scheme are: the newspaper is encrypted once and a single copy is stored in the server, the encryption is done off-line, considerably reducing the server congestion, and there is no need to redistribute the universal key upon its change. Furthermore, the authors show that, using some realistic parameter values, the scheme can reduce the access time two to three orders of magnitude over a scheme in which the encryption is performed in real-time on a request-by-request basis.
ETSI reconfigurable radio systems: status and future directions on software defined radio and cognitive radio standards (2010)

This article details the current work status of the ETSI Reconfigurable Radio Systems Technical Committee, positions the ETSI work with respect to other standards efforts (IEEE 802, IEEE SCC41) as well as the European Regulatory Framework, and gives an outlook on the future evolution. In particular, software defined radio related study results are presented with a focus on SDR architectures for mobile devices such as mobile phones. For MDs, a novel architecture and inherent interfaces are presented enabling the usage of SDR principles in a mass market context. Cognitive radio principles within ETSI RRS are concentrated on two topics, a cognitive pilot channel proposal and a Functional Architecture for Management and control of reconfigurable radio systems, including dynamic self-organizing planning and management, dynamic spectrum management, joint radio resource management. Finally, study results are indicated that are targeting a SDR/CR security framework.
Bending instability in electrospinning of nanofibers (2001)

A localized approximation was developed to calculate the bending electric force acting on an electrified polymer jet, which is a key element of the electrospinning process for manufacturing of nanofibers. Using this force, a far reaching analogy between the electrically driven bending instability and the aerodynamically driven instability was established. Continuous, quasi-one-dimensional, partial differential equations were derived and used to predict the growth rate of small electrically driven bending perturbations of a liquid column. A discretized form of these equations, that accounts for solvent evaporation and polymer solidification, was used to calculate the jet paths during the course of nonlinear bending instability leading to formation of large loops and resulting in nanofibers. The results of the calculations are compared to the experimental data acquired in the present work. Agreement of theory and experiment is discussed.
In vitroselection and evolution of functional proteins by using ribosome display (1997)

We report here a system with which a correctly folded complete protein and its encoding mRNA both remain attached to the ribosome and can be enriched for the ligand-binding properties of the native protein. We have selected a single-chain fragment (scFv) of an antibody 10(8)-fold by five cycles of transcription, translation, antigen-affinity selection, and PCR. The selected scFv fragments all mutated in vitro by acquiring up to four unrelated amino acid exchanges over the five generations, but they remained fully compatible with antigen binding. Libraries of native folded proteins can now be screened and made to evolve in a cell-free system without any transformation or constraints imposed by the host cell.