gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Enhancement of n‐3 and n‐6 Fatty Acids in Rotifers and Artemia Nauplii by Feeding Spray‐dried Schizochytrium sp. (1996)

Abstract A docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 22:6(n‐3), rich strain of Schizochytrium sp. was used in a spray‐dried form to evaluate the enhancement of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) in Artemia franciscana nauplii (Utah biotype) and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis . This heterotrophic microalga was selected because of its high concentration of the longest chain HUFAs in the n‐3 and n‐6 series, DHA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), 22:5(n‐6), respectively. When 24‐h‐old Artemia nauplii were fed 400 mg/L of the algae for 24 h, the DHA content of the nauplii went from undetectable levels to 0.8% of dry weight and the omega‐3 HUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 20:5n‐3, content went from 0.1% to 0.5% of dry weight in the nauplii. Similarly, 22:5(n‐6) increased in the nauplii from undetectable levels to 0.4% of dry weight, with a concomitant increase in arachidonic acid, (20:4n‐6), from trace to 0.3% of dry weight even though there was no arachidonic acid in the algal biomass. Similar enrichment patterns were observed in rotifers. The results suggest that spray‐dried cells of Schizochytrium sp. are effective in enriching Artemia naupli and rotifers in both n‐3 and n‐6 HUFAs. The results also suggest that Artemia nauplii and rotifers are capable of readily retroconverting 22:6(n‐3) to 20:5(n‐3) and 22:5(n‐6) to 20:4(n‐6) through the process of β‐oxidation, a well‐known process in mammals.
The half-periodic Josephson effect in an s-wave superconductor - normal-metal - d-wave superconductor junction (1997)

We predict that the Josephson current in a clean s-wave superconductor-normal metal-d-wave superconductor junction is periodic in superconducting phase difference $\phi$ with period $\pi$ instead of $2\pi$. The frequency of non-stationary Josephson effect is correspondingly $2\omega_J = 4eV.$ The effect is due to coexistence in the normal layer of current carrying Andreev levels with phase differences $\phi$ and $\phi+\pi.$
Strontium Retention as a Function of Age in the Dog (1968)

The study of bone turnover in purebred beagles as related to initial retention and loss of alkaline earths was undertaken to determine the effect of age on the retention of a single intramuscular injection of strontium-85. From several litters one dog each was dosed with 5 μCi of ${}^{85}{\rm Sr}$ at birth and at 2, 5, 8, and 10 months of age. Whole-body measurements of the dogs yielded the following average fractional retentions on day 1 postinjection: birth, 0.90; 2 months, 0.86; 5 months, 0.75; 8 months, 0.62; and 10 months, 0.69. On postinjection day 200 the retentions were, respectively, 0.29, 0.28, 0.35, 0.26, and 0.26. The greatest retention at 200 days was observed in the dogs dosed at 5 months of age, which is somewhat before the age of puberty. By 5 months of age, the rapid phase of growth was approaching completion, and, hence, bone turnover was decreasing to a level observed in mature dogs. The autoradiographic distribution patterns of ${}^{85}{\rm Sr}$</tex-math...
High-performance 64-QAM OFDM via carrier interferometry spreading codes (2003)

OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) is an excellent technology that will almost certainly play a large role in next generation wireless communication systems. However, in OFDM, no frequency diversity is exploited to improve BER performance. Today's OFDM systems attempt to overcome this limitation by application of channel coding and interleaving, which requires a reduction in throughput. In our earlier work, we showed how carrier interferometry (CI) codes may be used to spread OFDM symbols over all N subcarriers to exploit frequency diversity without loss in throughput. However, only BPSK was considered in the earlier work. In this paper, we extend the proposed CI/OFDM (carrier interferometry with OFDM) system by updating it for application with QAM modulation schemes. (For example, minimized mean square error combining (MMSEC) is derived for CI/OFDM with QAM modulation schemes.) Simulation results over multi-path fading channels show that 64QAM CI/OFDM significantly outperforms 64QAM OFDM at the cost of a small increase in complexity.
A genetic analysis of germ cell migration and gonadal mesoderm development in drosophila (1998)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 1998.
Biochemical studies on sulfated lactobionic acid amides. (1991)

A series of sulfated bis-lactobionic acid amides was prepared. The compounds comprise highly charged poly-anions of very low molecular weight. Usually, the compounds contain 16 sulfate groups per molecule and are homogeneous, monodisperse substances. The molecular weights range from 2388 to 2514. The compounds were evaluated for anticoagulant activity using a number of standard tests. The compounds exhibited moderate to good APTT activity. Interestingly, the anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities were very low, particularly in amidolytic assays. Using prothrombin and Factor X activation assays, it was demonstrated that these compounds were more potent in these experimental settings than in standard anti-Xa or anti-IIa assays. Compared with heparin and LMW heparins, the bis-lactobionic acid amides were particularly active as inhibitors of the intrinsic system activation of Factor X. The bis-lactobionic acid amides exhibited potent anticomplement activity, being clearly superior to heparin and LMW heparins. For the most interesting substance, LW 10082, experimental results suggest that its anticoagulant activity is independent of antithrombin II. The anticoagulant activity of LW 10082 was readily neutralized by protamine sulfate. Platelet factor 4, however, did not reduce its anticoagulant activity. Because of these favorable properties, it is hoped that LW 10082 might prove to be an interesting alternative to heparin or LMW heparin in clinical use.
Contribution of Galactofuranose to the Virulence of the Opportunistic Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus (2008)

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is responsible for a lethal disease called invasive aspergillosis that affects immunocompromised patients. This disease, like other human fungal diseases, is generally treated by compounds targeting the primary fungal cell membrane sterol. Recently, glucan synthesis inhibitors were added to the limited antifungal arsenal and encouraged the search for novel targets in cell wall biosynthesis. Although galactomannan is a major component of the A. fumigatus cell wall and extracellular matrix, the biosynthesis and role of galactomannan are currently unknown. By a targeted gene deletion approach, we demonstrate that UDP-galactopyranose mutase, a key enzyme of galactofuranose metabolism, controls the biosynthesis of galactomannan and galactofuranose containing glycoconjugates. The glfA deletion mutant generated in this study is devoid of galactofuranose and displays attenuated virulence in a low-dose mouse model of invasive aspergillosis that likely reflects the impaired growth of the mutant at mammalian body temperature. Furthermore, the absence of galactofuranose results in a thinner cell wall that correlates with an increased susceptibility to several antifungal agents. The UDP-galactopyranose mutase thus appears to be an appealing adjunct therapeutic target in combination with other drugs against A. fumigatus. Its absence from mammalian cells indeed offers a considerable advantage to achieve therapeutic selectivity.
The complex world of oligodendroglial differentiation inhibitors (2011)

Myelination is a central nervous system (CNS) process wherein oligodendrocyte-axon interactions lead to the establishment of myelin sheaths that stabilize, protect, and electrically insulate axons. In inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), the degeneration and eventual loss of functional myelin sheaths slows and blocks saltatory conduction in axons, which results in clinical impairment. However, remyelination can occur, and lesions can be partially repaired, resulting in clinical remission. The recruitment and activation of resident oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) play a critical role in the repair process because these cells have the capacity to differentiate into functional myelinating cells. Mature oligodendrocytes, however, are thought to have lost the capacity to develop new myelin sheaths and frequently undergo programmed cell death in MS. The endogenous capacity to generate new oligodendrocytes in MS is limited, and this is predominantly due to the presence of inhibitory components that block OPC differentiation and maturation. Here, we present an overview of recently identified negative regulators of oligodendroglial differentiation and their potential relevance for CNS repair in MS. Because currently available immunomodulatory drugs for MS mainly target inflammatory cascades outside the brain and fail to repair existing lesions, achieving more efficient lesion repair constitutes an important goal for future MS therapies.
Online Review Analysis by Visual Feature Selection (2017)

The purpose of this work is to show that feature selection through visualization is at least as powerful as the best automatic feature selection algorithms. This is proved by applying our visualization technique on the online review analysis. Opinion spamming is a reality, and it can have unpleasant consequences in the retail industry. While there are, several promising research works done on identifying the fake online reviews from genuine online reviews, there have been few involving visualization and visual analytics. This is achieved by applying radial chart visualization technique to the online review classification into fake and genuine reviews. Radial chart and the color overlaps are used to explore the best feature selection through visualization for classification. The system gives a structure to each text review based on certain attributes, compares how different or similar the structure of the different or same categories are, and highlights the key features that contribute to the classification the most. Our visualization technique helps the user get insights into the high dimensional data by providing means to eliminate the worst features right away, pick some best features without statistical aids, understand the behavior of the dimensions in different combinations.
CD73 Is a Major Regulator of Adenosinergic Signalling in Mouse Brain (2013)

CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) is a cell surface enzyme that regulates purinergic signalling by desphosphorylating extracellular AMP to adenosine. 5'-nucleotidases are known to be expressed in brain, but the expression of CD73 and its putative physiological functions at this location remain elusive. Here we found, using immunohistochemistry of wild-type and CD73 deficient mice, that CD73 is prominently expressed in the basal ganglia core comprised of striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) and globus pallidus. Furthermore, meninges and the olfactory tubercle were found to specifically express CD73. Analysis of wild type (wt) and CD73 deficient mice revealed that CD73 confers the majority of 5'-nucleotidase activity in several areas of the brain. In a battery of behavioural tests and in IntelliCage studies, the CD73 deficient mice demonstrated significantly enhanced exploratory locomotor activity, which probably reflects the prominent expression of CD73 in striatum and globus pallidus that are known to control locomotion. Furthermore, the CD73 deficient mice displayed altered social behaviour. Overall, our data provide a novel mechanistic insight into adenosinergic signalling in brain, which is implicated in the regulation of normal and pathological behaviour.
Formation of Cubic GaN on (111)B GaAs by Metal-Organic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy with Dimethylhydrazine (1994)

The microstructure of GaN grown on (111)B GaAs by a metal-orgnic vapor-phase epitaxy method has been examined by transmission electron microscopy. Trimethylgallium and dimethylhydrazine were used as the source materials. It was revealed that the GaN crystal has a zincblende structure and is formed heterogeneously penetrating into the GaAs substrate. In a GaN crystal, stacking faults propagate on {111} planes other than those normal to the growth direction.
DNA-Passivated CdS Nanocrystals:  Luminescence, Bioimaging, and Toxicity Profiles (2007)

A class of luminescent semiconductor quantum dots is described that exhibit low cellular toxicity without the use of bulky surface coatings. Nucleic acids, either in the form of mononucleotides or DNA oligonucleotides, are used as a ligand system in the aqueous synthesis of CdS nanocrystals. The materials produced exhibit diameters on the order of 4 nm and luminescence in the range of 500-700 nm. Importantly, DNA-CdS is stable in buffers of high ionic strength for many hours. When tested for toxicity in HeLa cells, minimal decreases in cell viability were observed, indicating that the DNA-CdS nanocrystals are highly stable in biological media. Uptake of the nanocrystals into unfixed mammalian cells was tested, and internalization was observed. The results reported indicate that the use of DNA as a ligand system for water-soluble semiconductor nanocrystals represents a worthwhile strategy for the production of new biological imaging agents.
Extraction of phenol and its metabolites from aqueous solution (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtraction of phenol and its metabolites from aqueous solutionL. A. Jones, J. B. Prabel, J. J. Glennon, M. F. Copeland, and R. J. KavlockCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 5, 735–741Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00029a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00029a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views362Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parasitic Protozoa and Helminths: Biological and Immunological Challenges (1989)

Parasitic protozoans and helminths pose considerable medical as well as scientific challenges. Investigations of the complex and very different life cycles of these organisms, their adaptation to the obligate parasitic mode of life, and their ability to face the hostile host environment have resulted in many exciting discoveries. Invasion of host erythrocytes by plasmodial sporozoites and intact skin by schistosomal cercariae are outlined as examples of the elaborate mechanisms of parasitism. Isolation and characterization of single protective antigens or subunit vaccines from these two organisms are examined as models for vaccine development. Finally, developments in exploring gene regulation in protozoans and free and parasitic nematodes are briefly outlined.
Glutamate in CNS disorders as a target for drug development: an update (1998)

The authors provide an extensive review of new data related to the role of glutamate in CNS disorders, describing new aspects in glutamate and glutamatergic receptors-NMDA receptors, NR2B-selective antagonists, non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors, N-acetylaspartylglutamate, and glutamate and glycine transporters. New findings in animal models and in human diseases-stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, tardive dyskinesia, ALS, olivopontcerebellar degeneration, AIDS, allergic encephalomyelitis, epilepsy, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, liver disease, aminoglycoside antibiotic-induced hearing loss, hemiplegia, chronic pain and drug tolerance and abuse-are presented. Finally, the authors cite the progress achieved in the development of agents that interact with the glutamatergic system: NMDA channel blockers, competitive NMDA receptor antagonists, NR2B-selective antagonists, glutamate release inhibitors, glycineB antagonists, AMPA and kainate receptor antagonists, AMPA receptor-positive modulators and agents that act by modifying endogenous kynurenic acid metabolism.
Term Weighting Schemes for Latent Dirichlet Allocation (2010)

Many implementations of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), including those described in Blei et al. (2003), rely at some point on the removal of stopwords, words which are assumed to contribute little to the meaning of the text. This step is considered necessary because otherwise high-frequency words tend to end up scattered across many of the latent topics without much rhyme or reason. We show, however, that the ‘problem ’ of high-frequency words can be dealt with more elegantly, and in a way that to our knowledge has not been considered in LDA, through the use of appropriate weighting schemes comparable to those sometimes used in Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI). Our proposed weighting methods not only make theoretical sense, but can also be shown to improve precision significantly on a non-trivial cross-language retrieval task. 1
Cyanation of aromatic halides (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyanation of aromatic halidesGwynn P. Ellis and Trevor M. Romney-AlexanderCite this: Chem. Rev. 1987, 87, 4, 779–794Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00080a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00080a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5523Altmetric-Citations516LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the Bacillus cereus 5/B/6 beta-lactamase II structural gene (1988)

Two forms of heat-stable, zinc-containing beta-lactamase II have been described for strains of Bacillus cereus and have been shown to differ in substrate specificity (R. B. Davies, E. P. Abraham, J. Fleming, and M. R. Pollock, Biochem. J. 145: 409-411, 1975). We report here the nucleotide sequence, inferred amino acid sequence, and expression of beta-lactamase II from B. cereus 5/B/6 and compare our results with those for its homolog characterized in B. cereus 569/H (M. Hussain, C. Anthony, M. J. Madonna, and J. O. Lampen, J. Bacteriol. 164: 223-229, 1985) to document amino acid differences contributing to the specific properties of these enzymes.
Studies on the Mechanism of B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed Hydrosilation of Carbonyl Functions (2000)

The strong organoborane Lewis acid B(C(6)F(5))(3) catalyzes the hydrosilation (using R(3)SiH) of aromatic and aliphatic carbonyl functions at convenient rates with loadings of 1-4%. For aldehydes and ketones, the product silyl ethers are isolated in 75-96% yield; for esters, the aldehydes produced upon workup of the silyl acetal products can be obtained in 45-70% yield. Extensive mechanistic studies point to an unusual silane activation mechanism rather than one involving borane activation of the carbonyl function. Quantitative kinetic studies show that the least basic substrates are hydrosilated at the fastest rates; furthermore, increased concentrations of substrate have an inhibitory effect on the observed reaction rate. Paradoxically, the most basic substrates are reduced selectively, albeit at a slower rate, in competition experiments. The borane thus must dissociate from the carbonyl to activate the silane via hydride abstraction; the incipient silylium species then coordinates the most basic function, which is selectively reduced by [HB(C(6)F(5))(3)](-). In addition to the kinetic data, this mechanistic proposal is supported by a kinetic isotope effect of 1.4(5) for the hydrosilation of acetophenone, the observation that B(C(6)F(5))(3) catalyzes H/D and H/H scrambling in silanes in the absence of substrate, computational investigations, the synthesis of models for proposed intermediates, and other isotope labeling and crossover experiments.
Phenolic Compounds of Barley Grain and Their Implication in Food Product Discoloration (2006)

Barley grains contain significant amounts of phenolic compounds that may play a major role in the discoloration of food products. Phenolic acid and proanthocyanidin (PA) composition of 11 barley genotypes were determined, using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and their significance on food discoloration was evaluated. Abraded grains contained 146-410 microg/g of phenolic acids (caffeic, p-coumaric, and ferulic) in hulled barley and 182-282 microg/g in hulless barley. Hulled PA-containing and PA-free genotypes had comparable phenolic acid contents. Catechin and six major barley PAs, including dimeric prodelphinidin B3 and procyandin B3, and four trimers were quantified. PAs were quantified as catechin equivalents (CE). The catechin content was higher in hulless (48-71 microg/g) than in hulled (32-37 microg/g) genotypes. The total PA content of abraded barley grains ranged from 169 to 395microg CE/g in PA-containing hulled and hulless genotypes. Major PAs were prodelphinidin B3 (39-109 microg CE/g) and procyanidin B3 (40-99 microg CE/g). The contents of trimeric PAs including procyanidin C2 ranged from 53 to 151 g CE/g. Discoloration of barley flour dough correlated with the catechin content of abraded grains (r = -0.932, P < 0.001), but not with the content of individual phenolic acids and PAs. Discoloration of barley flour dough was, however, intensified when total PA extracts and catechin or dimeric PA fractions were added into PA-free barley flour. The brightness of dough also decreased when the total PA extract or trimeric PA fraction was added into heat-treated PA-free barley flour. Despite its low concentration, catechin appears to exert the largest influence on the discoloration of barley flour dough among phenolic compounds.