gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential and challenges of zeolite chemistry in the catalytic conversion of biomass (2015)

Increasing demand for sustainable chemicals and fuels has pushed academia and industry to search for alternative feedstocks replacing crude oil in traditional refineries. As a result, an immense academic attention has focused on the valorisation of biomass (components) and derived intermediates to generate valuable platform chemicals and fuels. Zeolite catalysis plays a distinct role in many of these biomass conversion routes. This contribution emphasizes the progress and potential in zeolite catalysed biomass conversions and relates these to concepts established in existing petrochemical processes. The application of zeolites, equipped with a variety of active sites, in Brønsted acid, Lewis acid, or multifunctional catalysed reactions is discussed and generalised to provide a comprehensive overview. In addition, the feedstock shift from crude oil to biomass involves new challenges in developing fields, like mesoporosity and pore interconnectivity of zeolites and stability of zeolites in liquid phase. Finally, the future challenges and perspectives of zeolites in the processing of biomass conversion are discussed.
Large change in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy induced by an electric field in FePd ultrathin films (2011)

The magnetic properties of FePd ultrathin films and their variation under the influence of an electric field are investigated by magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements. L10-ordered FePd shows a spin reorientation transition when varying the thickness. The easy axis of magnetization is found to be normal to the plane at thicknesses above 9 monolayers (MLs) and in-plane below 9 ML. The coercive field, the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the MOKE signal at saturation vary with the applied electric field. The sensitivity of the interface magnetic anisotropy is estimated to be 602 fJ/V m.
Ballistic-Diffusive Heat-Conduction Equations (2001)

We present new heat-conduction equations, named ballistic-diffusive equations, which are derived from the Boltzmann equation. We show that the new equations are a better approximation than the Fourier law and the Cattaneo equation for heat conduction at the scales when the device characteristic length, such as film thickness, is comparable to the heat-carrier mean free path and/or the characteristic time, such as laser-pulse width, is comparable to the heat-carrier relaxation time.
Biohybrid microsystems actuated by cardiomyocytes: Microcantilever, microrobot, and micropump (2008)

This paper introduces biohybrid microsystems actuated by cardiomyocytes, such as microcantilever, microrobot, and micropump. The microfabicated biohybrid microcantilever can measure the contractile force of self-organized cardiomyocytes. The microcantilever is made of a biocompatible PDMS substrate, using a simple microfabrication technique and a specially designed 3D micromolding aligner. The contractile force of the cardiomyocytes makes a bending displacement of the microcantilever. Conversely, from the displacement, we can estimate the contractile of the cardiomyocytes on the microcantilever. The bending motion of the microcantilever can be applied as a biohybrid actuator of microrobot. We have developed a novel method to fabricate a crab-like microrobot that can actuate for a long period under a physiological condition. The microrobot consists of three separate front and rear legs which have a shape of the microcantilever. The performance of our crab-like microrobot was measured at an average velocity of 100 mum/s, and the estimated total distance it traveled was 50 m for a one-week period. Finally, a micropump actuated by the self-beating cardiomyocytes is fabricated and the pumping performance is demonstrated.
Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade with C225 plus gemcitabine results in regression of human pancreatic carcinoma growing orthotopically in nude mice by antiangiogenic mechanisms. (2000)

Both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) signaling mechanisms and angiogenesis have been evaluated as independent targets for therapy of human pancreatic carcinoma, but a link between the two processes has been identified only recently. This study evaluated whether EGF-R blockade therapy with anti-EGF-R antibody C225 inhibits pancreatic carcinoma growth and metastasis in an orthotopic nude mouse model via tumor-mediated angiogenesis and whether gemcitabine potentiates this effect. In vitro treatment of human pancreatic carcinoma L3.6pl cells with C225 inhibited EGF-R autophosphorylation, producing a maximum of 20% cytostasis. Treatment with C225 plus gemcitabine resulted in additive cytotoxic effects that increased with increasing gemcitabine concentrations. Dose-dependent decreases in expression of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8 (but not basic fibroblast growth factor) were observed in the C225-treated cells (mRNA and protein levels). In L3.6pl tumors established in the pancreas of nude mice, systemic therapy with C225 alone and C225 in combination with gemcitabine resulted in growth inhibition, tumor regression, and abrogation of metastasis; median tumor volume was reduced from 538 to 0.3 and to 0 mm3, respectively. Gemcitabine treatment alone reduced median tumor volume from 538 to 152 mm3. Liver metastases were present in 50% of the controls, 30% of the gemcitabine-treated animals, and 20% of C225-treated animals. No macroscopically visible liver metastases were observed in the combination treatment group. As early as 11 days after C225 treatment, the median percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells was substantially reduced compared with gemcitabine treatment alone (26% versus 73%, respectively) versus controls (92%), correlating with in vivo blockade of EGF-R activation. Similarly after 11 days treatment, production of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8 was significantly lower in C225 and C225 plus gemcitabine-treated tumors versus gemcitabine-treated and control tumors. Significant differences in microvessel density were observed 18 days after C225 or combination treatments (but not gemcitabine alone) in direct correlation with the difference in percentage of apoptotic endothelial cells, as visualized by double immunofluorescence microscopy. These experiments indicate that therapeutic strategies targeting EGF-R have a significant antitumor effect on human L3.6pl pancreatic carcinoma growing in nude mice which is mediated in part by inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis, leading to tumor cell apoptosis and regression. Furthermore, this effect is potentiated in combination with gemcitabine.
Factor Xa Induces Mitogenesis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Autocrine Production of Epiregulin , (2003)

Factor Xa has been reported to elicit smooth muscle cell proliferation via autocrine release of platelet-derived growth factor. However, this study has shown that factor Xa-induced mitogenesis of rat aortic smooth muscle cell is independent of platelet-derived growth factor. We also could not observe any platelet-derived growth factor isoforms in the cultured medium of factor Xa-stimulated cells. Our finding that the cultured medium of factor Xa-stimulated cells strongly induces rat aortic smooth muscle cell mitogenesis in the absence of factor Xa activity led us to explore the existence of a novel autocrine pathway. The autocrine growth factor was purified from the cultured medium and was identified to be epiregulin. Recombinant epiregulin was also able to induce the mitogenesis. The secretion of epiregulin from factor Xa-stimulated rat aortic smooth muscle cell required mRNA expression and protein synthesis of the growth factor. The mitogenic effect of factor Xa on rat aortic smooth muscle cell was significantly reduced by anti-epiregulin antibody or by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to epiregulin. Several lines of experimental evidence clearly indicate that the autocrine production of epiregulin, an epidermal growth factor-related ligand, is induced in the factor Xa-stimulated mitogenic process of rat aortic smooth muscle cell.
Probing the substrate-binding sites of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases with the procion dye green HE-4BD (1989)

A reactive bis-dichloro derivative of the Procion dye Green HE-4BD was shown to inactivate irreversibly methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MTS) from Escherichia coli and also tryptophyl-tRNA synthetase (WTS) and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YTS) from Bacillus stearothermophilus at pH 8.5 and 37 degrees C. At a 5-fold excess of reactive dye over enzyme subunit concentration MTS was quantitatively inactivated within 20 min in the ATP/pyrophosphate exchange assay, whereas WTS and YTS show an 80% loss of activity over the same time period. The inactivation is affected by the addition of substrates, which either protect (WTS and YTS) or promote (YTS with tyrosine) the dye-mediated enzyme inactivation. Green HE-4BD-OH was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of MTS with respect to MgATP, methionine and tRNA substrates.
Distorted and inequivalently chargedC60anions inYb2.75C60 (1997)

Near-edge x-ray absorption measurements from single-phase ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{2.75}{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ establish that all of the Yb cations are divalent, meaning that the average negative formal charge of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ anions is 5.5. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and Raman measurements also reveal that the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ anions are distorted in shape, despite their well-ordered local structure around the Yb cations. These findings are combined with a model to show that the charge transferred from Yb to ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ is both anisotropically distributed on the anions and inequivalently partitioned among them within the unit cell. In the model, the inhomogeneously distributed transferred charge (which arises from the comparatively greater electron affinity of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ pentagonal faces) interacts strongly with the divalent cations and leads to significant anion distortions. The redistribution of transferred charge is traceable to the three crystallographically different types of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ anions that are surrounded by 8, 10, or 12 Yb cations, a situation similar to the inequivalently coordinated and charged O anions in the high-${T}_{c}$ compound ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}.$ Additional EXAFS and Raman data from ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{2.75}{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ heated above 670 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C show the removal of local order around the Yb cations and the production of an amorphous carbidic phase containing Yb(III). Our collective results, along with comparisons to analogous fulleride and organometallic compounds, provide insight into the distinctive structural features of ${\mathrm{Yb}}_{2.75}{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and its unique distribution of anion charge. They also have general implications for a variety of other metal-doped fullerides.
Genetic variants and strains of the laboratory mouse (1990)

Rules and guidelines for gene nomenclature, Mary F.Lyon catalogue of mutant genes and polymorphic loci, Margaret C. Green retroviral and cancer-related genes, Christine A.Kozak linkage map, Muriel T.Davisson and Thomas H.Roderick map of the t-complex, Anna-Maria Frischauf recombination percentages and chromosomal assignments, Muriel T.Davisson et al linkage and synteny homologies in mouse and man, Joseph H.Nadeau and Andrew H.Reiner DNA polymorphisms, Rosemary W.Elliott highly repeated DNA families in the genome of mus-musculus, Nicholas D.Hastie rules for nomenclature of chromosome anomalies, Mary F.Lyon standard idiogram, Edward P.Evans standard G-banded karyotype, Edward P.Evans standard karyotype of early replicating bands, Imre E. Somssich and Horst Hameister numerical variants and structural rearragements, Anthony G.Searle centromeric heterochromatin variants, Muriel T.Davisson nucleolus organizer regions, Muriel T.Davisson map of reciprocal translocations, inversions and insertions, Anthony G.Searle and Colin V.Beechey map of inversions, Thomas H. Roderick et al rules for nomenclature of inbred strains, Mary F.Lyon inbred strains of mice, Michael F.W.Festing the wild house mouse and its relatives, Francois Bonhomme and Jean-Louis Guenet strain distribution of polymorphic variants, Thomas H.Roderick and John H.Guidi recombinant inbred strains, Benjamin A.Taylor immunologically important loci, Jan Klein mutant genes and biochemical loci, Priscilla W.Lane and Mary F.Lyon subline codes for holders and producers, Dorothy D.Greenhouse.
Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 DNA in Dried Blood Spots by a Duplex Real-Time PCR Assay (2005)

A dried blood spot (DBS) is a well-accepted means for the collection, transport, and storage of blood samples for various epidemiologic, serologic, and molecular assays for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) studies. It is particularly important for mother-to-infant-transmission studies of affected individuals living in remote areas. We have developed a real-time PCR method to detect HIV type 1 (HIV-1) DNA in dried blood spots. A cellular gene, RNase P, was coamplified with the HIV-1 DNA in the same tube to monitor the DNA extraction efficiency and the overall assay performance. Our assay is a one-tube, single-step closed-system assay and uses a dUTP/uracil DNA glycosidase anti-PCR contamination control. The HIV-1 primers and probe were derived from a conserved region of the long terminal repeat. The detection of RNase P is attenuated by lowering the forward and reverse primer concentrations so that its amplification will not overwhelm the HIV-1 amplification and yet will provide a semiquantitative measurement of the quality of the isolated DBS DNA. We examined 103 HIV-1-seropositive and 56 seronegative U.S. adults and found that our assay has a sensitivity of 98.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.5% to 100%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 99% to 100%). The positive and negative predictive values are 100% and 96.6%, respectively. This duplex PCR assay may be useful in identifying HIV-1-infected persons, particularly infants born to seropositive mothers in remote areas of the world.
Evaluating the Implementation of UNESCO Rights Based Early Childhood Education Programme in Selected Anglophone West African Countries (2018)

This study evaluated the implementation of UNESCO Rights Based Early Childhood Education programme in selected Anglophones West African Countries. Six research questions were addressed and four hypotheses were tested for the study.Data were collected from 55 participants which comprised 40 parents, 8 teachers, 2 head teachers and 5 stakeholders drawn from 2 cosmopolitan towns of Ago-Iwoye and Winneba respectively. Four questionnaires were used in collecting data for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, frequency counts, simple percentages, mean and standard deviation, while hypotheses were tested using the t-test statistics. Some of the major finding in the study indicated that, Winneba and Ago- Iwoye both had their compliance ratings in the areas of location, records and instructional materials and Ago –Iwoye is slightly ahead of Winneba in terms of compliance ratings on parental/community involvement and government involvement. Both Winneba and Ago-iwoye rated low in their provision for special needs learners and awareness of legislative, policy and practice environment is low. There is a significant difference in Ago- Iwoye and Winneba teachers and stakeholders’ perception of legislation. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Keywords: Evaluation, Right Based, Approach, Early Childhood Education
A Cross-Layer On-Demand Routing Protocol for Delay-Sensitive Applications (2006)

Nowadays, the cross-layer design approach is an important concept in mobile ad-hoc networks which is adopted to solve several open issues. It aims to overcome MANET performance problems by allowing protocols belonging to different layers to cooperate and share network status information while still maintaining separated layers. Indeed, the mechanisms on how to access the radio channel are extremely important in order to guarantee QoS and improve application performance. In this work, we present a cross layer routing protocol called CLAE which is based on the cooperation between the on-demand AODV routing protocol and the new IEEE 802.11e MAC protocol (EDCA). This proposal aims to find the best path according to application requirements in terms of delay, bandwidth, route stability, etc. Without loss of generality, this paper focuses only on determining the path with the lowest delay. Each node periodically estimates the average transmission delay for each class of service defined by 802.11e. This information is injected into routing requests and replies crossing each node. The sender is then able to select the best path which fits its delay requirement. Furthermore, in order to overcome transient network characteristics due to new communications set up and mobility, we develop a new buffer management scheme for the audio class of service that aims to discriminate audio packets according to their tolerated end-to-end transfer delay and their current experienced delay. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposal improves the performance of delay-sensitive applications while maintaining a good packet delivery ratio of other traffics
Sequence analysis of the Streptococcus mutans scrB gene (1988)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the Streptococcus mutans GS-5 scrB gene coding for sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase activity was determined. A potential ribosome-binding site as well as promoter sequences were identified upstream from the gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme suggested a molecular weight of 51,750, which is similar to that estimated for the enzyme isolated from strain GS-5. The enzyme is slightly acidic, with a pI of 5.9, and is a relatively hydrophilic protein. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the enzyme showed significant homology with those of the sacA protein from Bacillus subtilis. In addition, a region of amino acid homology with the S. mutans fructosyltransferase and B. subtilis levansucrase proteins was also detected.
Characterization of Suspensions and Assessment of Their Stability (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Assessment of the Structure of the Solid/Liquid Interface Assessment of Sedimentation of Suspensions Assessment of Flocculation and Ostwald Ripening (Crystal Growth) Scattering Techniques Measurement of Rate of Flocculation Measurement of Incipient Flocculation Measurement of Crystal Growth (Ostwald Ripening) Bulk Properties of Suspensions: Equilibrium Sediment Volume (or Height) and Redispersion References
Identification of human T‐lymphoid progenitor cells in CD34+CD38low and CD34+CD38+ subsets of human cord blood and bone marrow cells using NOD‐SCID fetal thymus organ cultures (1999)

In contrast to myeloid and B-lymphoid differentiation, which take place in the marrow environment, development of T cells requires the presence of thymic stromal cells. We demonstrate in this study that human CD34+, CD34+ CD38+ and CD34+ CD38(low) cells from both cord blood and adult bone marrow reproducibly develop into CD4+ CD8+ T cells when introduced into NOD-SCID embryonic thymuses and further cultured in organotypic cultures. Such human/mouse FTOC fetal thymic organ culture) thus represents a reproducible and sensitive system to assess the T-cell potential of human primitive progenitor cells. The frequency of T-cell progenitors among cord-blood-derived CD34+ cells was estimated to be 1/500. Furthermore, the differentiation steps classically observed in human thymus were reproduced in NOD-SCID FTOC initiated with cord blood and human marrow CD34+ cells: immature human CD41(low) CD8- sCD3- TCR alphabeta- CD5+ CD1a+ T cells were mixed with CD4+ CD8+ cells and more mature CD4+ CD8- TCR alphabeta+ cells. However, in FTOC initiated with bone marrow T progenitors, <10% double-positive cells were observed, whereas this proportion increased to 50% when cord blood CD34+ cells were used, and most CD4+ cells were immature T cells. These differences may be explained by a lower frequency of T-cell progenitors in adult samples, but may also suggest differences in the thymic signals required by bone marrow versus cord blood T progenitors. Finally, since cytokine-stimulated CD34+ CD38(low) cells retained their ability to generate T cells, these FTOC assays will be of value to monitor, when combined with other biological assays, the influence of different expansion protocols on the potential of human stem cells.
NFX1-123 and Poly(A) Binding Proteins Synergistically Augment Activation of Telomerase in Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6-Expressing Cells (2007)

Overcoming senescence signals in somatic cells is critical to cellular immortalization and carcinogenesis. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) can immortalize epithelial cells in culture through degradation of the retinoblastoma protein by HPV E7 and activation of hTERT transcription, the catalytic subunit of telomerase, by the heterodimer HPV E6/E6-associated protein (E6AP). Recent work in our laboratory identified a novel repressor of hTERT transcription, NFX1-91, which is targeted for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by HPV type 16 (HPV16) E6/E6AP. In contrast, NFX1-123, a splice variant NFX1, increased expression from an hTERT promoter that was activated by HPV16 E6/E6AP. Here, we show that HPV16 E6 bound both NFX1-91 and NFX1-123 through the common central domain of NFX1 in the absence of E6AP. NFX1-123 positively regulated hTERT expression, as its knockdown decreased hTERT mRNA levels and telomerase activity and its overexpression increased telomerase activity. We identified new protein partners of NFX1-123, including several cytoplasmic poly(A) binding proteins (PABPCs) that interacted with NFX1-123 through its N-terminal PAM2 motif, a protein domain characteristic of other PABPC protein partners. Furthermore, NFX1-123 and PABPCs together had a synergistic stimulatory effect on hTERT-regulated reporter assays. The data suggest that NFX1-123 is integral to hTERT regulation in HPV16 E6-expressing epithelial cells and that the interaction between NFX1-123 and PABPCs is critical to hTERT activity.