gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metals and metal compounds in carcinogenesis. (2004)

Several metals and metal containing compounds are potent mutagens and carcinogens. The most often blamed are chromium, arsenic, nickel, vanadium, iron, copper and manganese. Although each of them has its own mechanism of action, it is believed that most of their mechanisms of action involve reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, nickel modulates gene expression by induction of DNA methylation and/or suppression of histone acetylation. Arsenic activity on cell metabolism is multiple; it seems that cell transformation is induced by long-term exposure to a low level of arsenic. The paradox of arsenic is that it has also a valuable therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. Manganese is known to cause DNA damage, although it does not represent a significant carcinogenic risk. Magnesium deficiency and iron excess are not exactly carcinogenetic, but certain concentrations of these metal ions are needed to prevent cancer.
Analytic antialiasing with prism splines (1995)

The theory of the multivariate polyhedral splines is applied to analytic antialiasing: a triangular simplex spline is used to represent surface intensity, while a box spline is used as a filter. Their continuous convolution is a prism spline that can be evaluated exactly via recurrence. Evaluation performance can be maximized by exploiting the properties of the prism spline and its relationship to the sampling grid. After sampling, digital signal processing can be used to evaluate exactly and efficiently the sampled result of any analytic spline filter in the span of the box spline basis used as the original analytic filter.
Palladium complexes bearing an N‐heterocyclic carbene–sulfonamide ligand for cooligomerization of ethylene and polar monomers (2018)

ABSTRACT Herein, we report the synthesis of palladium complexes bearing an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐sulfonamide bidentate ligand and their application in ethylene oligomerization and ethylene/polar monomer cooligomerization. These catalysts could smoothly catalyze ethylene oligomerization and ethylene/methyl acrylate cooligomerization albeit the performance was lower compared to that of a NHC–phenoxide catalyst. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 , 57 , 474–477
Microbiota control of a tryptophan–AhR pathway in disease tolerance to fungi (2014)

An increased understanding of the importance of microbiota in shaping the host's immune and metabolic activities has rendered fungal interactions with their hosts more complex than previously appreciated. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has a pivotal role in connecting tryptophan catabolism by microbial communities and the host's own pathway of tryptophan metabolite production with the orchestration of T-cell function. AhR activation by a Lactobacillus-derived AhR ligand leads to the production of IL-22 to the benefit of mucosal defense mechanisms, an activity upregulated in the absence of the host tryptophan catabolic enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which is required for protection from fungal diseases ("disease tolerance"). As AhR activation in turn leads to the activation-in a feedback fashion-of IDO1, the regulatory loop involving AhR and IDO1 may have driven the coevolution of commensal fungi with the mammalian immune system and the microbiota, to the benefit of host survival and fungal commensalism. This review will discuss the essential help the microbiota provides in controlling the balance between the dual nature of the fungal-host relationship, namely, commensalism vs. infection.
Genomic Footprinting by Ligation Mediated Polymerase Chain Reaction (2003)

Chromatin structure analysis at single-nucleotide resolution can be done by genomic sequencing, and, recently, several techniques have been developed () that give improved specificity and sensitivity over the original method of Church and Gilbert (). The most sensitive method uses ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (LM-PCR) to amplify all fragments of the genomic sequence ladder (,). The unique aspect of LM-PCR is the ligation of an oligonucleotide linker onto the 5′ end of each DNA molecule. This provides a common sequence on the 5′ end, and in conjunction with a gene-specific primer, allows conventional, exponential PCR to be used for signal amplification. Thus by taking advantage of the specificity and sensitivity of PCR, one needs only 1 μg of mammalian DNA per lane to obtain good quality DNA sequence ladders, with retention of methylation, DNA structure, and protein footprint information. The LM-PCR procedure is outlined in Fig. 1. Briefly, the first step is cleavage of DNA, generating 5′ phospho-rylated molecules. This is achieved, for example, by chemical DNA sequencing (β-elimination) or by cutting with the enzyme DNase I. Next, primer extension of a gene-specific oligonucleotide (primer 1) generates molecules that have a blunt end on one side. Linkers are ligated to the blunt ends, and then an exponential PCR amplification of the linker-ligated fragments is done using the longer oligonucleotide of the linker (linker-primer) and a second gene-specific primer (primer 2). After 15–20 amplification cycles, the DNA fragments are separated on a sequencing gel, electroblotted onto nylon membranes, and hybridized with a gene-specific probe to visualize the sequence ladder. By rehybridization, several gene-specific ladders can be sequentially visualized from one sequencing gel ().
Critically evaluated rate coefficients for free‐radical polymerization, 1. Propagation rate coefficient for styrene (1995)

Abstract Pulsed‐laser polymerization (PLP) in conjugation with molecular weight distribution (MWD) measurement has emerged as the method of choice for determining the propagation rate coefficient k p in free‐radical polymerizations. Detailed guidelines for using this technique (including essential internal consistency checks) and reporting the results therefrom are given by the authors, members of the IUPAC Working Party on Modeling of kinetics and processes of polymerization. The results for PLP‐MWD k p measurements from many laboratories for bulk free‐radical polymerization of styrene at low conversions and ambient pressure are collated, and are in excellent agreement. They are therefore recommended as constituting a benchmark data set, one that is best fitted by (the confidence ellipsoid for the Arrhenius parameters is also given). These benchmark data are also used to evaluate the merits of several other methods for determining k p ; it is found that appropriately calibrated electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy appears to yield reliable values of k p for styrene.
A Controlled Trial of Long-Term Inhaled Hypertonic Saline in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (2006)

Hypertonic saline preceded by a bronchodilator is an inexpensive, safe, and effective additional therapy for patients with cystic fibrosis. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00271310.)
Study on e-government construction (2005)

E-Government is that the government uses the modern computer and network technology, and transfers its management and service function onto Internet. It can optimize government institutional framework and working procedure without time, space and department restriction at the same time. And it will improve official working efficiency, save the government, offer high-efficient and high-quality service to the whole society, and bring about an economic development.Based on the overall frame of the national e-Government construction, the introduction of this paper has introduced the goal of e-Government: The government affairs come into the open, office automation, sharing information resource, making policy intelligently, the public serves networked; The second part has introduced the focal point of e-Government construction; In the third part, the demand for e-Government construction has been analysed; The fourth part has introduced the construction rule of e-Government; The fifth part has put forward the construction criterion of the national e-Government and technological principle followed; The sixth part has explained the task and content of e-Government construction; The seventh part has described the E-Government system in detail, including the whole structure of e-Government, e-Government network infrastructure, e-Government application platform and the platform for Security Supporting.
Preparation and structure of ethylenediaminetetraacetate complexes of ruthenium(II) with dinitrogen, carbon monoxide, and other .pi.-acceptor ligands (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and structure of ethylenediaminetetraacetate complexes of ruthenium(II) with dinitrogen, carbon monoxide, and other .pi.-acceptor ligandsAlex A. Diamantis and Jules V. DubrawskiCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 4, 1142–1150Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50218a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50218a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1024Altmetric-Citations174LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pharmacological Characterization of Ligands at Recombinant NMDA Receptor Subtypes by Electrophysiological Recordings and Intracellular Calcium Measurements (2008)

Generation of in vitro cellular assays using fluorescence measurements at heterologously expressed NMDA receptors would speed up the process of ligand characterization and enable high-throughput screening. The major drawback to the development of such assays is the cytotoxicity caused by Ca(2+)-flux into the cell via NMDA receptors upon prolonged activation by agonists present in the culture medium. In the present study, we established four cell lines with stable expression of NMDA receptor subtypes NR1/NR2A, NR1/NR2B, NR1/NR2C, or NR1/NR2D in BHK-21 cells. To assess the usefulness of the stable cell lines in conjunction with intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) measurements for evaluation of NMDA receptor pharmacology, several ligands were characterized using this method. The results were compared to parallel data obtained by electrophysiological recordings at NMDA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. This comparison showed that agonist potencies determined by [Ca(2+)](i) measurements and electrophysiological recordings correlated well, meaning that the stable cell lines in conjunction with [Ca(2+)](i) measurements provide a useful tool for characterization of NMDA receptor ligands. The agonist series of conformationally constrained glutamate analogues (2S,3R,4S)-alpha-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (CCG), 1-aminocyclobutane-r-1,cis-3-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACBD), and (+/-)-1-aminocyclopentane-r-1,cis-3-dicarboxylic acid (cis-ACPD), as well as the highly potent agonist tetrazolylglycine were among the characterized ligands that were assessed with respect to subtype selectivity at NMDA receptors. However, none of the characterized agonists displays more than 2-3 fold selectivity towards a specific NMDA receptor subtype. Thus, the present study provides a broad pharmacological characterization of structurally diverse ligands at recombinant NMDA receptor subtypes.
Influence of sintering additives on densification and Li+ conductivity of Al doped Li7La3Zr2O12 lithium garnet (2014)

Al–LLZ with 1 wt% of Li<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> added and sintered at 1200 °C was found to be relatively dense which enhances the total (bulk + grain-boundary) Li<sup>+</sup> conductivity by reducing the grain-boundary contribution.
Treatment of Upper Extremity Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy With Joint Stiffness Using Sympatholytic Bier Blocks and Manipulation (1988)

Twenty patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy involving the upper extremity with associated joint stiffness were treated by manipulation under Bier blocks composed of lidocaine, methylprednisolone, and reserpine or guanethidine. Depending on the patients' response, repeat blocks were performed at 48- to 72-hour intervals. Range of motion in the affected joints (primarily the hand and wrist) improved from a pre-block mean of 46% to 81% of normal following the blocks. Patients also reported an 80% mean improvement in their pain. The treatment of advanced reflex sympathetic dystrophy using joint manipulation under sympatholytic Bier blocks appears to be a safe and effective method of treatment.
INDUSTRIAL GASES AIR LIQUIDE TO BUY MOST OF MESSER (2004)

Our findings suggest that women with more severe back pain are likely to visit a conventional practitioner first, whereas women with less severe back pain are likely to explore a range of treatment options including CAM practitioners. The improvement of back pain over time following the various possible sequencing of consultations with different types of health practitioners is a topic with implications for ensuring safe and effective back pain care and worthy of further detailed investigation.
The hemagglutinin genes hagB and hagC of Porphyromonas gingivalis are transcribed in vivo as shown by use of a new expression vector (1996)

The hemagglutinin genes hagB and hagC of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a putative periodontopathic microorganism, have been cloned, sequenced, and characterized. However, the roles of these putative virulence genes have not yet been determined. In this study, an in vivo expression technology vector termed pPGIVET was constructed and used to determine if hagB and hagC were expressed during an infectious process. We constructed pPGIVET as a conjugative suicide plasmid containing a multiple-cloning site (MCS) upstream of two tandem promoterless reporter genes that encode tetracycline resistance [tetA(Q)2] and galactokinase (galK). The promoter and a portion of the open reading frame (ORF) of hagB were inserted into the MCS in both a positive and a negative orientation relative to the reporter genes. These constructs were conjugated into P. gingivalis 381. Southern blot analysis of different transconjugants indicated that Campbell insertions had occurred at the chromosomal hagB locus and also at the hagC locus, which has high (99%) homology to the ORF of hagB. pPGIVET-labeled clones in which the hag promoters were positively oriented relative to the reporter genes expressed tetracycline resistance and galactokinase activity in vitro and in vivo at significantly higher levels than did the wild-type strain or clones in which the hag promoters were negatively oriented. Expression of tetracycline resistance allowed substantial enrichment of heterodiploids over wild-type cells during a mixed infection in the mouse abscess model. These results indicate that hagB and hagC are transcriptionally active in vivo and suggested that pPGIVET may be used to isolate P. gingivalis genes expressed only during an infectious process.
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver: A follow-up study (1995)

Nonalcohol-induced fatty liver is widely believed to be a benign condition with little or no risk of disease progression. There have been occasional reports of progression to cirrhosis but none in the absence of preexisting fibrosis on the index biopsy specimen even when co-existing hepatitis was present (steatohepatitis). From our histological database (1978 to 1985), we identified 161 patients with fatty liver seen at our institution and traced the case notes of 156. One hundred five patients were initially excluded as having an alcohol-induced cause, and the remaining 51 either were seen in the clinic (37) or had died, in which cases copies of their death certificates were obtained (14). A further 7 patients were excluded after clinic attendance gave evidence of alcohol excess and another 4 after review of their initial biopsy showed the presence of fibrosis or steatohepatitis. The apparent cause of the steatosis in the 40 included patients with strictly nonalcohol-induced pure fatty liver was obesity in 12, diabetes in 4 (1 obese patient), and cachexia associated with extrahepatic malignancy in 6. Four of the remaining 19 had serological evidence of an autoimmune disorder, but none of these had any clinical or histological features of autoimmune liver disease. Nine patients had evidence of hyperlipidemia, 3 of whom were also obese. At a median follow-up of 11 years (7 to 16), 12 of 26 living patients had abnormal results of liver blood tests and had repeat liver biopsies performed. None had progressed to steatohepatitis or cirrhosis; 1 obese patient had developed mild fibrosis 9.8 years after her index biopsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vaccinia-expressed human papillomavirus 16 and 18 e6 and e7 as a therapeutic vaccination for vulval and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. (2003)

The results suggest that the vaccine may have an effect on HPV-positive vulval intraepithelial neoplasia/vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia and that additional studies are warranted to develop an effective therapeutic vaccine.
Purification and Molecular Cloning of a Novel Group of Bmps and Localization of Bmp Mrna in Developing Bone (1989)

Using a novel purification scheme, we have characterized BMP as a 30kD fraction. After reduction, which destroys biological activity, this fraction was shown to be comprised of individual polypeptides with molecular weights of 30kD, 18kD and 16kD. Molecular cloning of these polypeptides resulted in the identification of 4 previously undescribed genes (BMP-1, BMP-2A, BMP-2B, and BMP-3) each of which is capable of directing de novo cartilage formation in vivo. While BMP-1 appears to be unrelated to other known growth factors, the derived amino acid sequence of BMP-2A, 2B, and 3 indicate that they are new members of the TGFb gene family. BMP-1, 2A and 2B are expressed in rat embryos during morphogenesis and can be localized by in situ hybridization to developing limb buds. BMP-3 localizes to neural ectoderm and later on in development to newly forming periosteum. Comparisons to other members of the TGFb family suggest that these newly identified BMPs are involved in pattern formation during early skeletal development.
Retargeting of CTL by an efficiently refolded bispecific single-chain Fv dimer produced in bacteria. (1995)

A single-chain bispecific Fv dimer (bs(sFv)2) having specificity for mouse CD3 epsilon chain and human transferrin receptor was produced in bacterial inclusion bodies. To overcome difficulties associated with in vitro protein folding, we used a novel renaturation approach to obtain active bs(sFv)2. The protein was dissolved in the weak ionic detergent sodium lauroylsarcosine, and disulfides were formed by oxidation in air. After oxidation, the bs(sFv)2 exhibited very little covalent aggregation and migrated as a single species in nonreducing SDS-PAGE, suggesting that disulfides were correctly paired. The detergent was removed using an ion exchange resin and the protein fractionated by size exclusion chromatography. The recovered 65-kDa protein was monomeric in non-denaturing solvent, homogeneous by SDS-PAGE, and comprised 15 to 20% of material applied to the gel filtration column. This protein bound specifically to both mouse CD3 epsilon chain and human transferrin receptor with affinities indistinguishable from those of the parental Fabs or single-chain Fvs. The bs(sFv)2 specifically redirected mouse cytotoxic T cells to lyse target cells expressing human transferrin receptor at picomolar concentrations. Bacterially produced and detergent oxidized bs(sFv)2 molecules may therefore provide the abundant amounts of homogeneous active material required to redirect cytotoxic cells against tumors and other unwanted cells in animal models and in patients.
Bioimaging TOF‐SIMS: High resolution 3D imaging of single cells (2007)

The distribution of phosphocholine ions (m/z 184, m/z 86), sodium ions, and potassium ions in thyroid tumor cells was analyzed by imaging TOF-SIMS. Repeated sputtering with a C(60) (+) source and subsequent analysis with a Bi(3) (+) gun produced a series of 138 images that were stacked to make a 3D display of the chemistry of cells. Phosphocholine was seen in the plasma membrane (m/z 184) and intracellular membranes (m/z 86). The different fragmentation of the phospholipid probably reflects the chemical composition of membranes at these sites. High intensity of secondary ion signals of potassium was seen in membrane-encompassed cellular compartments. The data indicate that potassium ions are compartmentalized in thyroid tumor cells.
Epigenetic and neurological effects and safety of high-dose nicotinamide in patients with Friedreich's ataxia: an exploratory, open-label, dose-escalation study (2014)

Ataxia UK, Ataxia Ireland, Association Suisse de l'Ataxie de Friedreich, Associazione Italiana per le Sindromi Atassiche, UK National Institute for Health Research, European Friedreich's Ataxia Consortium for Translational Studies, and Imperial Biomedical Research Centre.
Preparation, 1H and 13C NMR Spectra of Substituted 2-Benzoylaminocarboxamides (1995)

A new type of herbicides based on imidazolinones has been introduced into agriculture under commercial names of Arsenal, Pursuit, Scepter, Assert etc. by American Cyanamid Company since 1983. These compounds destroy diocotyledonous weeds and are almost nontoxic for mammals and fish (LD 50 rat - 500 mg/kg, LD 50 trout - 300 mg/kg) and nonmutagenic according to the AMES test. The aim of the present work is to synthesize substituted 2-benzoylaminocarboxamides as starting materials for preparation of imidazolinones and potential biologically active substances (Formulae I - III ).
Recent progress in immunoisolated cell therapy (1994)

Biohybrid implants represent a new class of medical device in which living cells, supported in a hydrogel matrix, and surrounded by a semipermiable membrane, produce and deliver therapeutic reagents to specific sites within a host. First proposed in the mid-1970s for diabetes, this treatment modality has progressed rapidly in the past four years and is now being investigated not just for endocrine disorders but also for alleviation of chronic pain, treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, and delivery of neurotrophic factors to sites within the blood brain barrier, and as a practical alternative to conventional ex vivo.