gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3,3‘-Bis(triphenylsilyl)biphenoxide as a Sterically Hindered Ligand on Fe(II), Fe(III), and Cr(II) (2002)

The structural coordination chemistry of the sterically hindered 3,3'-bis(triphenylsilyl)-1,1'-bi-2-phenoxide ligand ([(TPS)LO(2)](2)(-)), an isosteric homologue of a chiral binaphthoxide ligand used in asymmetric induction, has been investigated on Fe(II), Fe(III), and Cr(II). The ligand diol ((TPS)L(OH)(2), 2) can be prepared on a multigram scale from 2,2'-dimethoxybiphenyl via a convenient, two-step ortho-metalation/silylation/deprotection sequence; the sodium salt of the ligand dianion (Na(2)[(TPS)LO(2)], 3) can be obtained by NaH deprotonation and was crystallographically characterized with two THF ligands bound to each cation. Protonolysis of Fe[N(SiMe(3))(2)](2) or Cr[N(SiMe(3))(2)](2)(THF)(2) with biphenol 2 in arene solvent gives [Fe(mu-(TPS)LO(2))](2) (4) or ((TPS)LO(2))Cr(THF)(2) (9), respectively, while anion metathesis of FeCl(2) or FeCl(3)/bipy with biphenoxide salt 3 in THF yields ((TPS)LO(2))Fe(THF)(2) (8) or ferric monomer ((TPS)LO(2))FeCl(bipy) (10), respectively. Dimer 4 reacts with exogenous ligands to form monomeric ligand adducts of Fe(II): with py, ((TPS)LO(2))Fe(py)(2) (5); with bipy, ((TPS)LO(2))Fe(bipy) (6); with XyNC (Xy = 2,6-xylyl), ((TPS)LO(2))Fe(CNXy)(4) (7); and with THF, 8. Complexes were characterized in solution by (1)H NMR and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The 4-coordinate complexes (5, 6, 8, 9) adopt skew-distorted tetrahedral (for Fe(II)) or square planar (for Cr(II)) geometries; the 5- and 6-coordinate complexes (10 and 7) assume more typical distorted square pyramidal/trigonal bipyramidal and cis-octahedral stereochemistries. Dimer 4 possesses an unusual structure where each Fe(II) center is pseudo-4-coordinate and each biphenoxide ligand provides one terminal phenoxide donor, one bridging phenoxide, and a weak aromatic pi-interaction from one of the phenyl groups of a SiPh(3) substituent. The steric influence of the hindered biphenoxide ligand within the coordination sphere is revealed structurally through distortion of coordination polyhedra in the 4-coordinate species and through conformational and deformational changes within the biphenoxide ligand itself.
Molecular Organization of Surfactants at Solid-Liquid Interfaces (1995)

Interactions between surfactant solutions and solid surfaces play a key role in technologically important processes such as colloidal stabilization, ore flotation, and soil removal; however, the interfacial aggregation of surfactant molecules is not yet well understood. Direct images of surfactant aggregates at solid surfaces in aqueous solutions were obtained with atomic force microscopy. The resulting structures for quaternary ammonium surfactants (above the critical micelle concentration) are consistent with half-cylinders on crystalline hydrophobic substrates, full cylinders on mica, and spheres on amorphous silica. These structures-surprisingly different from earlier models-appear to result from a compromise between the natural free curvature as defined by intermolecular interactions and the constraints imposed by specific surfactant-surface interactions. Such interfacial aggregates can potentially be used to pattern surfaces at nanometer-length scales.
Synthesis of Flexible, Ultrathin Gold Nanowires in Organic Media (2008)

Gold nanoparticles are very interesting because of their potential applications in microelectronics, optical devices, analytical detection schemes, and biomedicine. Though shape control has been achieved in several polar solvents, the capability to prepare organosols containing elongated gold nanoparticles has been very limited. In this work we report a novel, simplified method to produce long, thin gold nanowires in an organic solvent (oleylamine), which can be readily redispersed into nonpolar organic solvents. These wires have a characteristic flexible, hairy morphology arising from a small thickness (<2 nm) and an enormous length (up to several micrometers), with the possibility of adjusting the dimensions through modification of the growth conditions, in particular, the gold salt concentration. Despite their extreme aspect ratio, the wires are stable in solution for long periods of time but easily break when irradiated with high-energy electron beams during transmission electron microscopy.
PEDB: the Prostate Expression Database (1999)

The Prostate Expression Database (PEDB) is a curated relational database and suite of analysis tools designed for the study of prostate gene expression in normal and disease states. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) and full-length cDNA sequences derived from more than 40 human prostate cDNA libraries are maintained and represent a wide spectrum of normal and pathological conditions. Detailed library information including tissue source, library construction methods, sequence diversity and abundance are available in a library archive. Prostate ESTs are assembled into distinct species groups using the multiple alignment program CAP2 and are annotated with information from the GenBank, dbEST and Unigene public sequence databases. Annotated sequences in PEDB are searched using the BLAST algorithm. The differential expression of each EST species can be viewed across all libraries using a Virtual Expression Analysis Tool (VEAT), a graphical user interface written in Java for intra- and inter-library species comparisons. PEDB may be accessed via the World Wide Web at http://www.mbt.washington.edu/PEDB/
Subcutaneous Administration of Interleukin‐2 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1—Infected Persons (1997)

The safety and efficacy were assessed of 5-day cycles of subcutaneous (sc) interleukin-2 (IL-2) every 8 weeks in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected outpatients with >200 CD4 cells/mm3. Immunologic, virologic, and toxicity parameters were measured in 18 patients receiving standard antiretrovirals plus 5-day courses of sc IL-2 (3-18 MIU/day) every 2 months. Systemic toxicities established the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of IL-2 as 15 MIU/day. CD4 cell responses appeared to correlate directly with baseline CD4 cell counts, with several patients experiencing a dramatic rise after 3 cycles. Virus load increased only transiently in the peri-injection period. It was concluded that serial cycles of outpatient sc IL-2 can be administered safely, with an MTD of 15 MIU/day. Patients with higher baseline counts appear to have a greater CD4 cell response to sc IL-2 therapy.
Four novel mutations in the Tyrosine Hydroxylase gene in patients with infantile parkinsonism (2000)

Mutation detection in the Tyrosine Hydroxylase gene ( TH ) was performed in patients from two families. DNA sequencing revealed the presence of four novel missense mutations (exon 9 and 14 in family A, exon 8 and 9 in family B); the mutations were confirmed with restriction enzyme analysis, and did not occur in control alleles. Three mutations are in the catalytic domain of the enzyme and one may disturb tetramerization. At the moment, all patients are in the fourth decade of life. For more than 30 years they have been able to live a normal life with low‐dose l ‐DOPA medication.
Electrochemical therapy (ECT) for thyroid adenoma during acupuncture anaesthesia: analysis of 46 patients. (1994)

Between February 1989 and April 1993, 46 patients with thyroid adenoma were treated by electrochemical treatment (ECT) during acupuncture anaesthesia. After three months to four years follow up period, the cure rate was 97.8%. ECT is a new technique which provides simple, effective and safe treatment of thyroid adenoma. Treatment of benign tumours with ECT represents a new application.
A new framework for recognition of Mandarin syllables with tones using sub-syllabic units (1993)

Three classes of subsyllabic units for Mandarin syllables are defined, i.e., the initials, the finals, and the transitions. A new structure for Mandarin syllable recognition is developed, in which the tones and base syllables are recognized jointly and a total of 574 subsyllabic unit models will be enough to provide improved recognition performance. This approach has the potential to be extended to continuous Mandarin speech recognition, although the preliminary experiments demonstrated here are based on isolated syllables only.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An approach to analysis of large-scale correlations between genome changes and clinical endpoints in ovarian cancer. (2000)

This report describes analyses of associations of genome copy number abnormalities in ovarian cancers with clinical features using genome-wide graphical and analytical procedures. These studies show that tumor grade is a better indicator of the extent of genomic progression than stage, that loss of chromosome 4 occurs preferentially in high-grade tumors, and that gains of 3q26-qter, 8q24-qter, and 20q13-qter occur frequently in low-grade and low-stage tumors and thus may be early events in ovarian cancer development. In addition, loss of chromosome 16q24 and a total number of independent genome copy number aberrations >7 are associated with reduced survival duration. The association of loss of 16q24 (D16S3026) with decreased survival duration was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Regions that frequently are abnormal and associated with altered survival duration are strong candidates for higher resolution analysis and gene discovery and may be useful markers for prediction of clinical outcome.
Cell surface expression of mouse macrosialin and human CD68 and their role as macrophage receptors for oxidized low density lipoprotein (1996)

We have previously identified a 94- to 97-kDa oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL)-binding protein in mouse macrophages as macrosialin (MS), a member of the lamp family. Earlier immunostaining studies have shown that MS and its human homolog, CD68, are predominantly intracellular proteins. However, using sensitive techniques such as flow cytometry (FACS) and cell-surface-specific biotinylation, we now show that there is significant surface expression of these proteins. FACS analysis of intact cells using mAb FA/11 showed small but definite surface expression of MS in resident mouse peritoneal macrophages but this was greatly enhanced with thioglycollate elicitation. Biotinylation of intact cells and detergent-solubilized cell preparations followed by immunoprecipitation revealed 10-15% of the total MS content of elicited macrophages on the plasma membrane. Similar results were obtained with untreated RAW 264.7 cells. FACS analysis of intact THP-1 monocytic cells showed minimal surface expression of CD68 on unactivated cells (4% of total cell content). Stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increased both surface and total CD68 expression considerably. Furthermore, the specific binding at 4 degrees C and uptake at 37 degrees C of 125I-labeled oxidized LDL by activated THP-1 cells was inhibited by 30-50% by CD68 mAbs KP-1 and EBM-11. Thus, although the surface expression of MS/CD68 at steady-state represents only a small percentage of their total cellular content, these proteins can play a significant role in oxidized LDL uptake by activated macrophages in vitro and could contribute to foam cell formation in atherosclerotic lesions.
Headache in Acromegaly: Dramatic Improvement with the Somatostatin Analogue SMS 201–995 (1990)

Two acromegalic patients with severe headache, persisting after pituitary adenomectomy followed by radiotherapy in one, were treated with the somatostatin analogue SMS 201–995. Both had been resistant to conventional headache therapy and experienced dramatic and rapid relief after the first injection of the analogue. This result persisted with long-term treatment of the drug. Although the mechanism of action of SMS 201–995 in pain remains unclear, the rapid and efficacious analgesic effect of this compound may be one more indication for its use in pituitary tumors associated with cephalalgias.
Fabrication of Large‐Area Silicon Nanowire p–n Junction Diode Arrays (2004)

Large‐area silicon nanowire p–n junction diode arrays (see Figure) have been fabricated by chemical etching of planar silicon p–n junction wafers in aqueous HF solution that contains appropriate amounts of silver nitrate near room temperature. The I–V characteristics have been measured using current‐sensing atomic force microscopy, and nonlinear and rectifying electrical transport behavior has been observed.
Demonstration of gigabit WDMA networks using parallelly processed subcarrier hopping pilot-tone (P/sup 3/) signaling technique (1996)

An extremely short header transmission and processing time in a gigabit wavelength-division-multiple-access (WDMA) network has been experimentally demonstrated. This was achieved by using parallelly processed subcarrier hopping pilot-tones in combination with an array of detectors and RF switches. The results showed that, without considering the time consumed in an arbitration circuit, the total processing time of the hopping pilot-tone headers was as short as 40 ns which is independent of the number of network nodes and data transmission rate.
Photovoltaic power systems and the National Electrical Code: Suggested practices (1996)

This guide provides information on how the National Electrical Code (NEC) applies to photovoltaic systems. The guide is not intended to supplant or replace the NEC; it paraphrases the NEC where it pertains to photovoltaic systems and should be used with the full text of the NEC. Users of this guide should be thoroughly familiar with the NEC and know the engineering principles and hazards associated with electrical and photovoltaic power systems. The information in this guide is the best available at the time of publication and is believed to be technically accurate; it will be updated frequently. Application of this information and results obtained are the responsibility of the user.
On Setting Up and Assessing Docking Simulations for Virtual Screening (2012)

Small molecule docking and virtual screening of candidate compounds have become an integral part of drug discovery pipelines, complementing and streamlining experimental efforts in that regard. In this chapter, we describe specific software packages and protocols that can be used to efficiently set up a computational screening using a library of compounds and a docking program. We also discuss consensus- and clustering-based approaches that can be used to assess the results, and potentially re-rank the hits. While docking programs share many common features, they may require tailored implementation of virtual screening pipelines for specific computing platforms. Here, we primarily focus on solutions for several public domain packages that are widely used in the context of drug development.
Triterpenoids Display Single Agent Anti-tumor Activity in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Small B Cell Lymphoma (2007)

The presented data demonstrate that triterpenoids CDDO and CDDO-Im reduce leukemia and lymphoma burden in vivo in a transgenic mouse model of CLL/SBL, and support the clinical testing of CDDO-based synthetic triterpenoids in patients with CLL.
Barbara BlSCOTTl, Dal pacere ai pacta conventa. Aspetti sostanziali e tutela del fenomeno pattizio dall'epoca arcaica all'Editto giulianeo. (2004)

Jones Huguette. Barbara BlSCOTTl, Dal pacere ai pacta conventa. Aspetti sostanziali e tutela del fenomeno pattizio dall'epoca arcaica all'Editto giulianeo.. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 73, 2004. p. 560.
BET bromodomain inhibition targets both c-Myc and IL7R in high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2012)

We investigated the therapeutic potential of JQ1, an inhibitor of the BET class of human bromodomain proteins, in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We show that JQ1 potently reduces the viability of B-ALL cell lines with high-risk cytogenetics. Among the most sensitive were lines with rearrangements of CRLF2, which is overexpressed in ~ 10% of B-ALL. CRLF2 heterodimerizes with the IL7 receptor (IL7R) and signals through JAK2, JAK1, and STAT5 to drive proliferation and suppress apoptosis. As previously observed, JQ1 induced the down-regulation of MYC transcription, the loss of BRD4 at the MYC promoter, and the reduced expression of c-Myc target genes. Strikingly, JQ1 also down-regulated IL7R transcription, depleted BRD4 from the IL7R promoter, and reduced JAK2 and STAT5 phosphorylation. Genome-wide expression profiling demonstrated a restricted effect of JQ1 on transcription, with MYC and IL7R being among the most down-regulated genes. Indeed, IL7R was the only cytokine receptor in CRLF2-rearranged B-ALL cells significantly down-regulated by JQ1 treatment. In mice xenografted with primary human CRLF2-rearranged B-ALL, JQ1 suppressed c-Myc expression and STAT5 phosphorylation and significantly prolonged survival. Thus, bromodomain inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for B-ALL as well as other conditions dependent on IL7R signaling.
Perceived velocity of moving chromatic gratings (1984)

Equiluminous red-green sine-wave gratings were drifted at a uniform rate in the bottom half of a 10-deg field. In the top half of the display was a sinusoidal-luminance grating of the same spatial frequency and 95% contrast that drifted in the opposite direction. Observers, while fixating a point in the display center, adjusted the speed of this upper comparison grating so that it appeared to match the velocity of the chromatic grating below. At low spatial frequencies, equiluminous gratings were appreciably slowed and sometimes stopped even though the individual bars of the grating could be easily resolved. The amount of slowing was proportionally greatest for gratings with slow drift rates. Blue-yellow sine-wave gratings showed similar effects. When luminance contrast was held constant, increasing chrominance modulation caused further decreases in apparent velocity, ruling out the possibility that the slowing was simply due to decreased luminance contrast. Perceived velocity appears to be a weighted average of luminance and chrominance velocity information.
Destination ‘Lysosome’: a target organelle for tumour cell killing? (2003)

Lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles constitute a system of acid compartments that interconnect the inside of the cell with the extracellular environment via endocytosis, phagocytosis and exocytosis. In recent decades it has been recognized that lysosomes are not just wastebaskets for disposal of unused cellular constituents, but that they are involved in several cellular processes such as post-translational maturation of proteins, degradation of receptors and extracellular release of active enzymes. By complementing the autophagic process, lysosomes actively contribute to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Proteolysis by lysosomal cathepsins has been shown to mediate the death signal of cytotoxic drugs and cytokines, as well as the activation of pro-survival factors. Secreted lysosomal cathepsins have been shown to degrade protein components of the extracellular matrix, thus contributing actively to its re-modelling in physiological and pathological processes. The malfunction of lysosomes can, therefore, impact on cell behaviour and fate. Here we review the role of lysosomal hydrolases in several aspects of the malignant phenotype including loss of cell growth control, altered regulation of cell death, acquisition of chemoresistance and of metastatic potential. Based on these observations, the lysosome is proposed as a potential target organelle for the chemotherapy of tumours. We will also present some recent data concerning the technologies for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs to the endosomal-lysosomal compartment and the strategies to improve their efficacy.
Functional Aspects of Creatine Kinase in Brain (1993)

The distinct isoenzyme-specific localization of creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes found recently in brain suggests an important function for CK in brain energetics and points to adaptation of the CK system to the special energy requirements of different neuronal and glial cell types. For example, the presence of brain-type B-CK in Bergmann glial cells and astrocytes is very likely related to the energy requirements for ion homeostasis (K(+)-resorption) in the brain, as well as for metabolite and neurotransmitter trafficking between glial cells and neurons. In contrast, the presence of muscle-type M-CK, found exclusively in Purkinje neurons which also express other muscle-specific proteins, is very likely related to the unique calcium metabolism of these neurons. In addition, the developmentally late appearance of mitochondrial CK (Mi-CK) during brain development indicates an important function for Mi-CK in the oxidative energy metabolism of the brain. The physiological importance of the phosphocreatine circuit fully operating in adult brain has been corroborated by recent data from in vivo 31P-NMR magnetization transfer measurements. Future investigations should concentrate on the possible involvement of CK in diseases of the CNS with altered energy metabolism, aspects of which are also discussed here.
Analysis of the Multiple Interactions Between IL-12 and the High Affinity IL-12 Receptor Complex (1998)

IL-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine, composed of a p40 and a p35 subunit, that exerts its biological effects by binding to specific cell surface receptors. Two IL-12R proteins, designated human IL-12 (huIL-12) receptor beta1 (huIL-12Rbeta1) and huIL-12Rbeta2, have been previously identified. These IL-12R individually bind huIL-12 with low affinity and in combination bind huIL-12 with high affinity and confer IL-12 responsiveness. In this study the interactions of hulL-12 with these two identified human IL-12R protein subunits are examined. The heterodimer-specific anti-huIL-12 mAb 20C2, which neutralizes huIL-12 bioactivity but does not block 125I-huIL-12 binding to huIL-12Rbeta1, blocked binding of huIL-12 to huIL-12Rbeta2. In contrast, anti-huIL-12Rbeta1 mAb 2B10 and mouse IL-12 p40 subunit homodimer (mo(p40)2) blocked 125I-huIL-12 binding to huIL-12Rbeta1, but not to huIL-12Rbeta2. Therefore, two classes of IL-12 inhibitors can be identified that differ in their ability to block huIL-12 interaction with either huIL-12Rbeta1 or huIL-12Rbeta2. Both mo(p40)2 and 20C2 blocked high affinity binding to huIL-12Rbeta1/beta2-cotransfected COS-7 cells, although, as previously reported, mo(p40)2 does not block high affinity binding to IL-12R on PHA-activated human lymphoblasts. Furthermore, these two classes of IL-12 inhibitors synergistically decreased hulL-12-stimulated proliferation and IFN-gamma production. Therefore, IL-12, in binding to the high affinity IL-12R, interacts with IL-12Rbeta1 primarily via regions on the IL-12 p40 subunit and with IL-12Rbeta2 via 20C2-reactive, heterodimer-specific regions of IL-12 to which the p35 and p40 subunits both contribute.
T Follicular Helper (TFH) Cells in Normal and Dysregulated Immune Responses (2008)

T cell help for antibody production is a fundamental aspect of immune responses. Only recently has a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms for T cell help emerged. A subset of T cells, termed T follicular helper cells (T(FH) cells), provides a helper function to B cells and represents one of the most numerous and important subsets of effector T cells in lymphoid tissues. T(FH) cells are distinguishable from Th1 and Th2 cells by several criteria, including chemokine receptor expression (CXCR5), location/migration (B cell follicles), and function (B cell help). Central to the function of CD4(+) T cells is IL-21, a "helper" cytokine produced by T(FH) cells that potently stimulates the differentiation of B cells into Ab-forming cells through IL-21R. Consequently, dysregulation of T(FH) cell function, and over- or under-expression of T(FH) cell-associated molecules such as ICOS or IL-21, most likely contributes to the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases or immunodeficiencies.