gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication, Characterization, and Application in SERS of Self-Assembled Polyelectrolyte−Gold Nanorod Multilayered Films (2005)

An effective and facile approach for the preparation of multilayered nanostructure of gold nanorods (Au NRs) has been demonstrated. Linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) was selected as a polymeric adhesive layer, and an anionic polyelectrolyte poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (PSS) was used as the linker of the positively charged Au NRs in multilayered nanostructure. They were deposited onto the LPEI-modified indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) substrate alternately using the layer-by-layer assembly technique via electrostatic interactions. The plasmonic property of the multilayered nanostructure of Au NRs is tunable by the controlled self-assembly process. FE-SEM was used to study the morphologies of the resulted substrates with Au NRs monolayer membrane and with Au NRs multilayered membrane. More importantly, it was found that the multilayered NRs films could be used as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate for probing 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP).
Panel: Security And The World-wide Web (2005)

The World-Wide Web has emerged as a primary means of sharing information on the Internet. It is also a powerful platform for building applications and tying together disparate data sources. As the Web has grown, the demand for security services has grown as well. New applications such as electronic commerce, business transactions, and internal information sharing have driven the development of many different approaches to security on the Web. Three years ago, security on the World-Wide Web largely meant authentication with passwords sent in the clear. Early security proposals included Secure HTTP (S-HTTP) and Shen, which provided rich security models but did not achieve widespread use. These protocols added capabilities for encryption, strong authentication, and digital signatures for Web documents. Today, security on the World-Wide Web usually means the use of the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). SSL provides an encrypted communications channel. It uses public key certificates for authentication of servers and optional authentication of clients. Version 3 of the SSL protocol was released earlier in 1996, and it has quickly become common in both Web browsers and servers. SSL version 3 improved the client authentication capabilities, and certifying authorities that can issue the necessary certificates have emerged to support them. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has chartered its Transport Layer Security (TLS) Working Group to specify a standard security protocol of this type. More recently, the development of downloadable code, using technologies such as Java and ActiveX, has raised new risks. One response has been a set of proposals for digital signatures on downloaded code to authenticate the origin of programs. Many organizations protect their networks with firewalls, isolating the internal network from the public Internet. Allowing security protocols through firewalls has posed a technical challenge as well as questions about appropriate security policies for such systems. Should Web clients authenticate themselves to the firewall before being allowed to make external connections? Should the firewall be able to read the data on a connection, in order to ensure that corporate policies are being followed? Other work has looked at how to bring wellestablished security protocols to the Web. One example is the integration of the Web with the Open Group’s Distributed Computing Environment (DCE). This panel will examine the current state of security on the Web and discuss some of the challenges facing the Web community today. We will also look at the security problems and potential solutions on the road ahead.
Moderation of hemophilia A phenotype by the factor V R506Q mutation (1996)

Although many examples of unrelated hemophilia A patients carrying identical point mutations in the factor VIII (FVIII) gene have been reported, the clinical phenotype is not always the same among patients sharing the same molecular defect. Possible explanations for this discrepancy include undetected additional mutations in the FVIII gene or coinheritance of mutations at other genetic loci that modulate FVIII function. We report molecular genetic analysis of potential modifying genes in two sets of unrelated patients carrying common FVIII missense mutations but exhibiting different levels of clinical severity. Both mutations (FVIII R1689C and R2209Q) are associated with severe hemophilia A in some patients and mild/moderate disease in others. The common von Willebrand disease type 2N mutation (R91Q) was excluded as a modifying factor in these groups of patients. However, analysis of the recently described factor V (FV) R506Q mutation (leading to activated protein C resistance) identified a correlation of inheritance of this defect with reduced hemophilia A severity. Two moderately affected hemophilia A patients, each with either of two FVIII gene mutations, were heterozygous for FV R506Q, whereas two severely affected patients and two moderately affected patients were homozygous normal at the FV locus. Our results suggest that coinheritance of the FV R506Q mutation may be an important determinant of clinical phenotype in hemophilia A and that modification of the protein C pathway may offer a new strategy for the treatment of FVIII deficiency.
<title>Real-time control of lesion size based on reflectance images</title> (1992)

Laser-induced lesion size is controlled in real time based on a two dimensional reflectance image recorded by a CCD array during lesion formation. A feedback system using components of the reflectance image achieves uniform lesions by compensating for light absorption variability in biological media. Lesions are formed in a phantom using an argon laser to simulate retinal photocoagulation. The tissue model consists of an absorptive high temperature black paint layer and an egg white protein layer. Reflectance images are acquired as the lesion forms at a standard frame rate using a 512 X 512 CCD camera attached to an ITI 151 series image processor and a Sun 3/260 computer. A shutter controlled by the computer is closed when certain preset conditions are met in the images. Results show a low variance in the sizes of the lesions (diameter or depth) produced under different irradiation conditions and the ability to produce lesions of a predefined size under varying illumination conditions. Real time control from reflectance images based on certain parameters is demonstrated as a feasible method of controlling lesion size.
Cell Transplantation for Myocardial Repair: An Experimental Approach (1992)

Myocardium lacks the ability to regenerate following injury. This is in contrast to skeletal muscle (SKM), in which capacity for tissue repair is attributed to the presence of satellite cells. It was hypothesized that SKM satellite cells multiplied in vitro could be used to repair injured heart muscle. Fourteen dogs underwent explantation of the anterior tibialis muscle. Satellite cells were multiplied in vitro and their nuclei were labeled with tritiated thymidine 24 h prior to implantation. The same dogs were then subjected successfully to a myocardial injury by the application of a cryoprobe. The cells were suspended in serum-free growth medium and autotransplanted within the damaged muscle. Medium without cells was injected into an adjacent site to serve as a control. Endpoints comprised histology using standard stains as well as Masson trichrome (specific for connective tissue), and radioautography. In five dogs, satellite cell isolation, culture, and implantation were technically satisfactory. In three implanted dogs, specimens were taken within 6-8 wk. There were persistence of the implantation channels in the experimental sites when compared to the controls. Macroscopically, muscle tissue completely surrounded by scar tissue could be seen. Masson trichrome staining showed homogeneous scar in the control site, but not in the test site where a patch of muscle fibres containing intercalated discs (characteristic of myocardial tissue) was observed. In two other dogs, specimens were taken at 14 wk postimplantation. Muscle tissue could not be found. These preliminary results could be consistent with the hypothesis that SKM satellite cells can form neo-myocardium within an appropriate environment. Our specimens failed to demonstrate the presence of myocyte nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Atypical Hemolytic–Uremic Syndrome (2009)

The hemolytic–uremic syndrome, which is characterized by nonimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal impairment, occurs most frequently in young children. Most cases are secondary to infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga-toxin–producing strains. However, approximately 10% of cases are atypical and not associated with infection. This article reviews current concepts about the pathobiology of atypical hemolytic–uremic syndrome and its diagnosis and management.
iPhone: The Missing Manual (2007)

With the iOS5 software and the new iPhone 4S device, Apple has another world-class hit on its hands. This sleek, highly refined pocket computer comes with everything-cellphone, iPod, Internet, camcorder-except a printed manual. Fortunately, David Pogue is back with the latest edition of his witty, crystal-clear, colorful guide: the world's most popular iPhone book. Use it as a phone. Learn the basics as well as time-saving tricks and tips for contact searching by voice, texting, and more.Manage hour stuff in the cloud. Sync and back up your contacts and media across all of your devices with i
Integrating a Structured-Text Retrieval System with an Object-Oriented Database System (1994)

We describe the integration of a structured-text retrieval system (TextMachine) into an object-oriented database system (OpenODB). Our approach is a light-weight one, using the external function capability of the database system to encapsulate the text retrieval system as an external information source. Yet, we are able to provide a tight integration in the query language and processing; the user can access the text retrieval system using a standard database query language. The efficient and effective retrieval of structured text performed by the text retrieval system is seamlessly combined with the rich modeling and general-purpose querying capabilities of the database system, resulting in an integrated system with querying power beyond those of the underlying systems. The integrated system also provides uniform access to textual data in the text retrieval system and structured data in the database system, thereby achieving information fusion. We discuss the design and imple...
Detection of MYB Alterations and Other Immunohistochemical Markers in Primary Cutaneous Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (2015)

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) can arise in several organs, and prognosis is highly dependent on the primary tumor site. Primary cutaneous ACC has an excellent prognosis compared with salivary or lacrimal ACC. Activation of MYB by gene fusion or other mechanisms has been found in salivary, breast, and lacrimal ACCs but has not been described in cutaneous ACC. We analyzed the histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 19 primary cutaneous ACCs, 2 periorbital ACCs, and 12 salivary gland ACCs and assessed for MYB activation in primary cutaneous ACC by immunohistochemistry and molecular methods. The presence of perineural invasion differed significantly among ACCs of various sites (83% salivary, 50% eyelid, 11% skin, P=0.0002). Over 90% of all ACCs were grade 1 or 2 and exhibited diffuse (>50%) positivity with CD117, SOX-10, and smooth muscle actin immunostains. CK15 and vimentin showed diffuse positivity in 36% and 57% of cutaneous ACCs, respectively, and were negative or only focally positive in all salivary ACCs (P=0.04 and 0.002). Six of the 11 cutaneous and periorbital ACCs tested with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization had MYB rearrangements including 2 cases that expressed MYB-NFIB fusion transcripts. Diffuse expression of MYB protein assessed by immunostaining was present in 8 of 9 cutaneous ACCs, including cases both with and without MYB rearrangements. These results indicate that cutaneous ACCs possess the same types of MYB alterations as ACCs of other anatomic sites. Vimentin and CK15 appear to have some discriminatory value in differentiating between primary cutaneous and salivary gland ACCs.
Spectral diagnosis of disease (2003)

Summary form only given. Techniques of optical spectroscopy - fluorescence emission and Raman and elastic scattering - can be used to diagnose diseased tissue and extract biochemical and morphological information. Data can be obtained in real time during clinical procedures using optical fiber contact probes, needles, and endoscopic imaging techniques. Clinical results and their biological basis are presented. Prospects for spectral imaging in two and three dimensions are discussed.
Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels by Adsorption on Carbon-Based Sorbents and Ultrasound-Assisted Sorbent Regeneration (2007)

Several carbon-based adsorbents, CuCl/AC, PdCl2/AC, and Pd/AC (where AC denotes activated carbon), were studied for desulfurization of a model jet fuel by selective adsorption of thiophenic molecules. Comparisons with gamma-Al2O3 support and desulfurization of a commercial jet fuel were also studied. The results showed that the selective sulfur adsorption capacity of PdCl2 was higher than that of CuCl and Pd(0), in agreement with molecular orbital results. It was also found that the activated carbon is the best support for pi-complexation sorbents to remove sulfur-containing compounds, i.e., benzothiophene and methylbenzothiophene. Among all the adsorbents studied, PdCl2/AC had the highest capacity for desulfurization. A significant synergistic effect was observed between the carbon substrate and the supported pi-complexation sorbent, and this effect was explained by a geometric effect. The saturated sorbent was regenerated by desorption assisted by ultrasound with a solvent of 30 wt % benzene and 70 wt % n-octane. The results showed that the amount of sulfur desorbed was higher with ultrasound, 65 wt % desorption vs 45 wt % without ultrasound in a static system at 50 degrees C.
Analysis of the Promoter of the Auxin-Inducible Gene, parC, of Tobacco (1996)

The auxin-responsive region (AuxRR) in the promoter of the parC gene was analyzed in transgenic tobacco plants in which the 5' flanking region of the parC promoter was placed upstream of the gene for beta-glucuronidase (GUS). The AuxRR was located between nucleotides (nt) -226 and -54. Detailed dissection of this segment revealed that the presence of the non-contiguous sequences from nt -226 to -151 and from nt -84 to -54 was required for the expression of the auxin responsiveness of the parC promoter. The sequence from nt -226 to -151 was found to contain a sequence which resembles the as-1 element in the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). Although it has been reported that the as-1 element is involved in auxin responsiveness [Liu and Lam (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269: 668], we showed that introduction of a point mutation into the as-1-like sequence completely eliminated auxin responsiveness, a result that suggests that the sequence is indispensable for auxin responsiveness. However, the presence of the as-1-like sequence alone was not sufficient for auxin responsiveness, since the segment (nt -226 to -84) that included the as-1-like sequence failed to confer auxin responsiveness on the core promoter. It is possible that the two separately located sequences play specific roles in interactions with trans-factors that are required for the expression of the auxin responsiveness of the parC promoter.
n-Hexane sensitivity of Escherichia coli due to low expression of imp/ostA encoding an 87 kDa minor protein associated with the outer membrane (2003)

Most Escherichia coli strains are resistant to n-hexane. E. coli OST4251 is a n-hexane-sensitive strain that was constructed by transferring the n-hexane-sensitive phenotype from a n-hexane-sensitive strain by P1 transduction. OST4251 is resistant to diphenyl ether, which is less harmful than n-hexane to micro-organisms. The genetic determinant responsible for this subtle difference in the solvent resistance is mapped at 1.2 min on the E. coli chromosome. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that IS2 and IS5 had integrated upstream of the imp/ostA structural gene in OST4251. The integration of IS2 decreased the activity of the imp/ostA promoter. A product of the gene was identified immunologically as an 87 kDa minor protein associated with the outer membrane. Upon transformation with plasmids containing the imp/ostA gene, OST4251 produced a high level of the gene product in the membrane and acquired n-hexane resistance. Thus, the low level of promoter activity resulted in low Imp production and the n-hexane-sensitivity phenotype. It is likely that the gene product contributes to n-hexane resistance by reducing the influx of n-hexane.
Human pancreatic cancer cell lines express the CCKB receptor. (1999)

These results provide evidence that most human pancreatic cancer cell lines of ductal origin express CCKB receptor mRNA. Malignant pancreatic tissue may overexpress these receptors in comparison with normal tissue.
Dentifrices, mouthwashes, and remineralization/caries arrestment strategies (2006)

While our knowledge of the dental caries process and its prevention has greatly advanced over the past fifty years, it is fair to state that the management of this disease at the level of the individual patient remains largely empirical. Recommendations for fluoride use by patients at different levels of caries risk are mainly based on the adage that more is better. There is a general understanding that the fluoride compound, concentration, frequency of use, duration of exposure, and method of delivery can influence fluoride efficacy. Two important factors are (1) the initial interaction of relatively high concentrations of fluoride with the tooth surface and plaque during application and (2) the retention of fluoride in oral fluids after application. Fluoride dentifrices remain the most widely used method of delivering topical fluoride. The efficacy of this approach in preventing dental caries is beyond dispute. However, the vast majority of currently marketed dentifrice products have not been clinically tested and have met only the minimal requirements of the FDA monograph using mainly laboratory testing and animal caries testing. Daily use of fluoride dental rinses as an adjunct to fluoride dentifrice has been shown to be clinically effective as has biweekly use of higher concentration fluoride rinses. The use of remineralizing agents (other than fluoride), directed at reversing or arresting non-cavitated lesions, remains a promising yet largely unproven strategy. High fluoride concentration compounds, e.g., AgF, Ag(NH3)2F, to arrest more advanced carious lesions with and without prior removal of carious tissue are being used in several countries as part of the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) approach. Most of the recent innovations in oral care products have been directed toward making cosmetic marketing claims. There continues to be a need for innovation and collaboration with other scientific disciplines to fully understand and prevent dental caries.
The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in neuroendocrine responses to stress (2006)

Animals respond to stress by activating a wide array of behavioral and physiological responses that are collectively referred to as the stress response. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a central role in the stress response by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In response to stress, CRF initiates a cascade of events that culminate in the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex. As a result of the great number of physiological and behavioral effects exerted by glucocorticoids, several mechanisms have evolved to control HPA axis activation and integrate the stress response. Glucocorticoid feedback inhibition plays a prominent role in regulating the magnitude and duration of glucocorticoid release. In addition to glucocorticoid feedback, the HPA axis is regulated at the level of the hypothalamus by a diverse group of afferent projections from limbic, midbrain, and brain stem nuclei. The stress response is also mediated in part by brain stem noradrenergic neurons, sympathetic andrenomedullary circuits, and parasympathetic systems. In summary, the aim of this review is to discuss the role of the HPA axis in the integration of adaptive responses to stress. We also identify and briefly describe the major neuronal and endocrine systems that contribute to the regulation of the HPA axis and the maintenance of homeostasis in the face of aversive stimuli.
Cloning, expression and characterization of a mammalian Nudix hydrolase-like enzyme that cleaves the pyrophosphate bond of UDP-glucose (2003)

A distinct UDP-glucose (UDPG) pyrophosphatase (UGPPase, EC 3.6.1.45) has been characterized using pig kidney ( Sus scrofa ). This enzyme hydrolyses UDPG, the precursor molecule of numerous glycosylation reactions in animals, to produce glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and UMP. Sequence analyses of the purified enzyme revealed that, similar to the case of a nucleotide-sugar hydrolase controlling the intracellular levels of ADP-glucose linked to glycogen biosynthesis in Escherichia coli [Moreno-Bruna, Baroja-Fernández, Muñoz, Bastarrica-Berasategui, Zandueta-Criado, Rodri;guez-López, Lasa, Akazawa and Pozueta-Romero (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98, 8128-8132], UGPPase appears to be a member of the ubiquitously distributed group of nucleotide pyrophosphatases designated Nudix hydrolases. A complete cDNA of the UGPPase-encoding gene, designated UGPP, was isolated from a human thyroid cDNA library and expressed in E. coli. The resulting cells accumulated a protein that showed kinetic properties identical to those of pig UGPPase.
Identification of Interleukin-13 Receptor α2 Peptide Analogues Capable of Inducing Improved Antiglioma CTL Responses (2006)

Restricted and high-level expression of interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2) in a majority of human malignant gliomas makes this protein an attractive vaccine target. We have previously described the identification of the IL-13Ralpha2(345-353) peptide as a human leukocyte antigen-A2 (HLA-A2)-restricted CTL epitope. However, as it remains unclear how efficiently peptide-based vaccines can induce specific CTLs in patients with malignant gliomas, we have examined whether analogue epitopes could elicit heteroclitic antitumor T-cell responses versus wild-type peptides. We have created three IL-13Ralpha2 analogue peptides by substitutions of the COOH-terminal isoleucine (I) for valine (V) and the NH(2)-terminal tryptophan (W) for either alanine (A), glutamic acid (E), or nonsubstituted (W; designated as 1A9V, 1E9V, and 9V, respectively). In comparison with the native IL-13Ralpha2 epitope, the analogue peptides 9V and 1A9V displayed higher levels of binding affinity and stability in HLA-A2 complexes and yielded an improved stimulatory index for patient-derived, specific CTLs against the native epitope expressed by HLA-A2(+) glioma cells. In HLA-A2-transgenic HHD mice, immunization with the peptides 9V and 1A9V induced enhanced levels of CTL reactivity and protective immunity against an intracranial challenge with IL13Ralpha2-expressing syngeneic tumors when compared with vaccines containing the native IL-13Ralpha2 epitope. These findings indicate highly immunogenic IL-13Ralpha2 peptide analogues may be useful for the development of vaccines capable of effectively expanding IL-13Ralpha2-specific, tumor-reactive CTLs in glioma patients.