gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vagal Stimulation Prior to Atrial Rapid Pacing Protects the Atrium From Electrical Remodeling in Anesthetized Dogs. (2001)

Atrial electrical remodeling is thought to be the cause of the maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). Although the initiation and maintenance of AF is partially associated with autonomic nervous tone, vagally mediated AF does not tend to become permanent. Therefore, the effects of preceding vagal stimulation (VS) on the atrial effective refractory period (ERP) under electrical remodeling conditions were investigated in anesthetized dogs. Atrial ERPs were measured at 5 sites before and after a 7-h period of atrial rapid pacing in the control group. In the VS group, the vagus nerve was stimulated for 20 min before a period of atrial rapid pacing. Atrial rapid pacing shortened the ERP at each site in the control group (electrical remodeling). On the other hand, atrial rapid pacing after VS did not shorten the ERP at any site in the VS group. Tetrodotoxin, which was administered into the fatty tissue overlying the right atrial side of the right pulmonary vein junctions, blocked the protective effect of VS against the shortening of the ERP induced by atrial rapid pacing. In contrast, atropine did not interfere with such protective effects. These results suggest that VS prior to atrial rapid pacing protects the atrium from atrial electrical remodeling.
A novel CDC2-related protein kinase from Leishmania mexicana, LmmCRK1, is post-translationally regulated during the life cycle. (1993)

The p34CDC2 protein kinase is a key component in the regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle. We have isolated from the protozoan parasite Leishmania mexicana mexicana a CDC2-related kinase gene (Lmmcrk1) encoding a 34-kDa protein kinase (lmmCRK1) which has 56% amino acid identity with the human CDC2 and contains a PCTAIR motif in place of the highly conserved PSTAIR box. lmmCRK1 was detected in all life cycle stages at comparable levels, yet its histone H1 kinase activity was detected in only the promastigote form, indicating that its activity is stage-regulated at a post-translational level. lmmCRK1 did not bind p13suc1 beads and Lmmcrk1 was unable to complement a fission yeast temperature-sensitive cdc2 mutant. These data suggest that Lmmcrk1 is unlikely to be the functional L. mexicana cdc2 homologue. A distinct histone H1 kinase activity that binds p13suc1 beads (SBCRK) was also detected, with activity that correlated with the division status of the developmental forms of the parasite, being present in the dividing stages of the parasite and absent in nondividing metacyclic forms. SBCRK is a candidate for the functional CDC2 homologue, but it does not react with an anti-PSTAIR monoclonal antibody on Western blots when eluted from p13suc1 beads, indicating a divergent PSTAIR box. These data suggest that a family of CDC2-related protein kinases are present in Leishmania. Some share sequence and biochemical properties with CDC2, but significant differences also exist, possibly reflecting the evolutionary distance between Leishmania and higher eukaryotes.
Demystifying Neural Style Transfer (2017)

Neural Style Transfer has recently demonstrated very exciting results which catches eyes in both academia and industry. Despite the amazing results, the principle of neural style transfer, especially why the Gram matrices could represent style remains unclear. In this paper, we propose a novel interpretation of neural style transfer by treating it as a domain adaptation problem. Specifically, we theoretically show that matching the Gram matrices of feature maps is equivalent to minimize the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) with the second order polynomial kernel. Thus, we argue that the essence of neural style transfer is to match the feature distributions between the style images and the generated images. To further support our standpoint, we experiment with several other distribution alignment methods, and achieve appealing results. We believe this novel interpretation connects these two important research fields, and could enlighten future researches.
Dissection of the extracellular human interferon .gamma. receptor .alpha.-chain into two immunoglobulin-like domains. Production in an Escherichia coli thioredoxin gene fusion expression system and recognition by neutralizing antibodies (1995)

The extracellular interferon gamma receptor alpha-chain (IFN gamma R) is believed to comprise two discrete approximately 110 amino acid immunoglobulin-like domains, perhaps similar to those seen in the crystal structure of the extracellular human growth hormone receptor [De Vos, A. M., Ultsch, M., & Kossiakoff, A. (1992) Science 255, 306-312], a distant relative in the cytokine receptor superfamily. In accord with this idea, we show that these IFN gamma R immunoglobulin-like domains can be produced separately in a soluble form with a native-like fold. The N-terminal domain (residues 1-108), with a Cys105 to Ser105 mutation, was produced at a high level, in a soluble form, as a thioredoxin-interferon gamma receptor fragment fusion protein in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. Upon extraction, the receptor Cys60-Cys68 disulfide bond formed spontaneously, to generate a native-like structure directly without the need for refolding. Cleavage of the fusion protein by enterokinase released the receptor fragment (approximately 12 kDa), which was recognized by several neutralizing antibodies with affinities, measured using surface plasmon resonance technology, that were essentially indistinguishable from those seen with the full length extracellular IFN gamma R produced in eukaryotic cells. Circular dichroism and 1D 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that the receptor fragment adopts a folded state, with mainly beta-sheet and reverse turn secondary structure. The second membrane-proximal Ig-like domain of the IFN gamma R (residues 90-229) was produced, albeit less efficiently, and characterized in a similar way. The production of these two independently folded proteins provides experimental support for the two domain organization of the IFN gamma R and opens new avenues for structural studies on these Ig-like molecules by NMR and crystallographic methods.
The safety of vedolizumab for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (2016)

NCT01177228, NCT00619489, NCT00783718, NCT00783692, NCT01224171, NCT00790933.
Electrical Characterization of Semipolar Gallium Nitride Thin Films (2005)

Nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) interacts with hemoglobin (Hb) in various ways to regulate blood flow. During hypoxic vasodilation, nitrite is reduced by deoxyHb to yield nitric oxide (NO). While NO, a hydrophobic gas, could freely diffuse across the cell membrane, how the reactant nitrite anion could permeate through the red blood cell (RBC) membrane remains unclear. We hypothesized that Cl<sup>-</sup>/HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> anion exchanger-1 (AE1; band 3) abundantly embedded in the RBC membrane could transport NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, as HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> exhibit similar hydrated radii. Here, we monitored NO/N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> generated from NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> inside human RBCs by DAF-FM fluorophore. NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, not NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, increased intraerythrocytic DAF-FM fluorescence. To test the involvement of AE1-mediated transport in intraerythrocytic NO/N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> production from nitrite, we lowered Cl<sup>-</sup> or HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> in the RBC-incubating buffer by 20 % and indeed observed slower rise of the DAF-FM fluorescence. Anti-extracellular AE1, but not anti-intracellular AE1 antibodies, reduced the rates of NO formation from nitrite. The AE1 blocker DIDS similarly reduced the rates of NO/N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> production from nitrite in a dose-dependent fashion, confirming that nitrite entered RBCs through AE1. Nitrite inside the RBCs reacted with both deoxyHb and oxyHb, as evidenced by 6.1 % decrease in deoxyHb, 14.7 % decrease in oxyHb, and 20.7 % increase in methemoglobin (metHb). Lowering Cl<sup>-</sup> in the milieu equally delayed metHb production from nitrite-oxyHb and nitrite-deoxyHb reactions. Thus, AE1-mediated NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> transport facilitates NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>-Hb reactions inside the red cells, supporting NOx metabolism in circulation.
Architectural considerations for scalable, secure, mobile computing with location information (2002)

To take full advantage of the promise of mobile/ubiquitous computing requires the availability and use of location information about the various physical objects and persons in an environment. At the same time, indiscriminant use of location information for people can result in an invasion of privacy and provides the potential for abuse by third parties. In this article we describe a suite of useful location-based applications and discuss architectural considerations for supporting them in a scalable, secure fashion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[Treatment of carbuncles]. (1984)

The active aspiration of the wound is a method of mechanical antiseptics responsible for the removal of pyo-necrotic masses and accelerates the process of the wound cleaning. The method was used for the treatment of 90 patients, in 84 of them the carbuncles were opened. The results were good.
Coronary venous pressure and flow: effects of vagal stimulation, aortic occlusion, and vasodilators (1984)

Coronary venous pressure and coronary sinus flow in the canine heart were compared with intramyocardial, intraventricular, aortic, and coronary artery pressures. Stimulation of the thoracic vagus augmented coronary venous pressure, mean venous flow per systole, and coronary venous systolic resistance, but decreased the mean venous flow. Partial occlusion of the aorta augmented coronary venous pressure and coronary venous flow, while systolic coronary venous resistance remained unchanged. Adenosine increased peripheral and central coronary venous pressure and venous flow; it reduced peripheral coronary artery pressure. Adenosine augmented flow per systole and reduced venous resistance more than the other interventions. Dipyridamole decreased left ventricular, aortic, and central coronary artery systolic pressures and systolic venous resistance. It increased the venous flow, mean flow per systole, and coronary venous pressure, even though intramyocardial pressure remained unchanged. Nitroglycerine elevated coronary venous pressure and flow, as well as venous flow per systole, even though it decreased left ventricular, aortic, and central coronary artery pressures. Nitroglycerine significantly decreased coronary venous resistance. It is concluded that coronary venous resistance may be an important resistive component to consider when the total coronary circulation is studied.
Fast estimation of crystal densities (2002)

A simple, efficient and accurate method for the estimation of crystal densities is of interest for different applications. By analysis of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) we derived an average atom volume method to estimate the cell volume for a given formula and Z value. This method extends the work of Mighell et al. (1987) by inclusion of the thermal expansion and error estimation.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to screen for inhibitors of the oncogenic anaplastic lymphoma kinase. (2005)

The discovery of novel anti-cancer drugs targeting anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), an oncogenic tyrosine kinase, raises the need for in vitro assays suitable for screening compounds for ALK inhibition. To this aim we have developed and optimized an ALK-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that employs a novel ALK peptide substrate and purified ALK kinase domain.
Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells and its Applications (2013)

The production of proteins in appropriate quantity and quality is an essential requirement of the present time. There appears to be a progressive increase in the application of mammalian cells for proteins production. Expression systems utilizing mammalian cells for recombinant proteins are able to introduce proper protein folding, post-translational modifications, and product assembly, which are important for complete biological activity. This review article is totally based on literature survey. In this article much emphasis has been done on the mammalian expression system. The author focused on different mammalian cell lines that express the gene. The different vector systems that transfer the gene into mammalian cells like plasmid based expression vectors, adenovirus vectors, vaccinia vectors, retroviral vector and baculovirus as vectors were explored. The processes for the transfer of gene into mammalian cells were also reviewed. Application and limitations of mammalian expression system were also focused. The purpose of research in writing this article is to create awareness in researchers, starting their career in gene expression related to mammalian cells. The principal result and major conclusion of this article is to make available the molecular technologies, expression system and applications of gene expression in mammalian cell lines.
Cruciate ligament prosthesis: strength, creep, and fatigue properties. (1976)

The mechanical properties of the Richards polyethylene ligament implant were studied and compared with the strength of human cruciate ligament preparations. The implant yields and plastically deforms at a force of 420 newtons (ninety-four pounds) and approximately 10 per cent elongation when tested at a strain rate of 100 per second. This is one-fourth the average tensile strength of the human anterior curciate ligament preparations. When tested at a strain rate of 1 per cent per second the implant's yield-point force was lowered by 15 per cent. The implant exhibits considerable viscoelastic behavior and will progressively elongate under repetitive loads when insufficient time is allowed for it to return to its original length. In bending, the implant did not fail after eighty million stress reversals (forty million revolutions) when tested while immersed in saline solution at body temperature. The tests indicate that the tensile strength of the implant is low in comparison with both the strength of human preparations and estimates of actual in vivo functional loads. We conclude that caution is required in the use of this implant.
Multithread Face Recognition in Cloud (2016)

Faces are highly challenging and dynamic objects that are employed as biometrics evidence in identity verification. Recently, biometrics systems have proven to be an essential security tools, in which bulk matching of enrolled people and watch lists is performed every day. To facilitate this process, organizations with large computing facilities need to maintain these facilities. To minimize the burden of maintaining these costly facilities for enrollment and recognition, multinational companies can transfer this responsibility to third-party vendors who can maintain cloud computing infrastructures for recognition. In this paper, we showcase cloud computing-enabled face recognition, which utilizes PCA-characterized face instances and reduces the number of invariant SIFT points that are extracted from each face. To achieve high interclass and low intraclass variances, a set of six PCA-characterized face instances is computed on columns of each face image by varying the number of principal components. Extracted SIFT keypoints are fused using sum and max fusion rules. A novel cohort selection technique is applied to increase the total performance. The proposed protomodel is tested on BioID and FEI face databases, and the efficacy of the system is proven based on the obtained results. We also compare the proposed method with other well-known methods.
Expression of the second lysine decarboxylase gene of Escherichia coli (1998)

Certain amino acids are substrates for two decarboxylase enzymes in Escherichia coli, one inducible by anaerobic growth at low pH and the other constitutive. In the case of lysine, an inducible decarboxylase (CadA) has been extensively characterized, but evidence for the existence of a second lysine decarboxylase is fragmentary and uncertain. This paper confirms that a second lysine decarboxylase is encoded by a locus (ldc) previously suggested to be a lysine decarboxylase gene on the basis of sequence comparisons. Overexpression of the cloned gene provided sufficient quantities of enzyme in cell-free extracts for preliminary examination of the properties of the ldc gene product, Ldc. The enzyme is active over a broad range of pH with an optimum at 7.6, much higher than that of CadA, about 5.5. The temperature optimum for both enzymes is similar, at about 52 degrees C, but Ldc is more readily inactivated by heat than CadA. Expression of ldc from its own promoter was very weak for cells growing in a variety of media, although a low level of lysine decarboxylase was present in cells that carried the ldc region on an oligo-copy plasmid when these were grown in minimal-glucose medium. Northern analysis of RNA extracted from such cells revealed a transcript whose length corresponded to that of the ldc gene, suggesting that ldc is normally transcribed from a promoter immediately upstream. However, most of the ldc mRNA was shorter, indicating degradation or premature termination. The ldc upstream sequence promoted transcription of a lacZ gene to which it was fused. Introduction of the upstream sequence as an insert in a multicopy vector increased transcription of the resident lacZ fusion. The low level of expression in single copy, the emergence of expression when the gene is present at moderate copy number, and the derepression by the upstream sequence in trans imply that this second lysine decarboxylase gene may not be constitutive but subject to specific repression by a factor which remains to be identified.
Effect of colostrum on gravity separation of milk somatic cells in skim milk (2013)

Our objective was to determine if immunoglobulins play a role in the gravity separation (rising to the top) of somatic cells (SC) in skim milk. Other researchers have shown that gravity separation of milk fat globules is enhanced by IgM. Our recent research found that bacteria and SC gravity separate in both raw whole and skim milk and that heating milk to >76.9 °C for 25s stopped gravity separation of milk fat, SC, and bacteria. Bovine colostrum is a good natural source of immunoglobulins. An experiment was designed where skim milk was heated at high temperatures (76 °C for 7 min) to stop the gravity separation of SC and then colostrum was added back to try to restore the gravity separation of SC in increments to achieve 0, 0.4, 0.8, 2.0, and 4.0 g/L of added immunoglobulins. The milk was allowed to gravity separate for 22 h at 4 °C. The heat treatment of skim milk was sufficient to stop the gravity separation of SC. The treatment of 4.0 g/L of added immunoglobulins was successful in restoring the gravity separation of SC as compared with raw skim milk. Preliminary spore data on the third replicate suggested that bacterial spores gravity separate the same way as the SC in heated skim milk and heated skim milk with 4.0 g/L of added immunoglobulins. Strong evidence exists that immunoglobulins are at least one of the factors necessary for the gravity separation of SC and bacterial spores. It is uncertain at this time whether SC are a necessary component for gravity separation of fat, bacteria, and spores to occur. Further research is needed to determine separately the role of immunoglobulins and SC in gravity separation of bacteria and spores. Understanding the mechanism of gravity separation may allow the development of a continuous flow technology to remove SC, bacteria, and spores from milk.
Exome sequencing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identifies risk genes and pathways (2015)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurological disease with no effective treatment. We report the results of a moderate-scale sequencing study aimed at increasing the number of genes known to contribute to predisposition for ALS. We performed whole-exome sequencing of 2869 ALS patients and 6405 controls. Several known ALS genes were found to be associated, and TBK1 (the gene encoding TANK-binding kinase 1) was identified as an ALS gene. TBK1 is known to bind to and phosphorylate a number of proteins involved in innate immunity and autophagy, including optineurin (OPTN) and p62 (SQSTM1/sequestosome), both of which have also been implicated in ALS. These observations reveal a key role of the autophagic pathway in ALS and suggest specific targets for therapeutic intervention.
Liquid−Liquid Equilibria for Ternary Mixtures of Water + Ethanol with 1-Hexanol, Butyl Propionate, or Ethyl Caproate (2003)

Liquid−liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were measured for the ternary mixtures of water + ethanol + 1-hexanol, water + ethanol + butyl propionate, and water + ethanol + ethyl caproate at atmospheric pressure over a temperature range of 283.15 K to 323.15 K. All three ternary systems exhibit type I behavior of LLE. The area of the two-phase region decreases with increasing temperature for each ternary system; its magnitude follows the order of the mixtures containing ethyl caproate > butyl propionate > 1-hexanol. The NRTL and the UNIQUAC models correlated the LLE data very well, except for the region near the plait point. The NRTL model is generally better than the UNIQUAC model for representing the LLE behavior for the three investigated systems.
Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in normal and abnormal human fetal growth. (1994)

There is now a well recognized series of findings which suggests that the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) may play an important role in both normal and abnormal human fetal growth: (1) IGFs are detectable in many fetal tissues from the first trimester onwards; (2) the levels of the IGFs in the fetal circulation increase during pregnancy, and at term the levels of IGF-I are directly related to birthweight; (3) in mice, disruption of the IGF gene leads to severe growth retardation; (4) in the first trimester the levels of IGFBP-1 are higher in the coelomic fluid than in amniotic fluid or maternal serum; (5) at 9-12 weeks there is a striking increase in IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 levels in amniotic fluid; (6) the major binding proteins in the human fetus are IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2; (7) from as early as 16 weeks there is an inverse correlation between fetal levels of IGFBP-1 and birthweight; (8) in the mother, circulating levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-1 increase during pregnancy; (10) maternal levels of IGFBP-1 are elevated in severe pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation; (11) fetal levels of IGFBP-1 are elevated in cases of intrauterine growth retardation, especially those associated with specific evidence of reduced uteroplacental bloodflow; and (12) fetal levels of IGFBP-1 are elevated in labour, especially if there is evidence of fetal hypoxia. In conclusion, levels of IGFBP-1 appear to be a sensitive indicator of fetal nutrition, and of the short- or long-term response to reduced fetal nutrition.