gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective detection of viable Cryptosporidium oocysts by PCR. (1994)

Although the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in diarrheic patients is relatively simple, as large amounts of oocysts are usually shed, environmental samples can contain only few oocysts which have a comparatively high epidemiological relevance. Very sensitive detection methods are therefore requested in environmental hygiene. Additionally these methods should allow a statement about the viability of the detected organisms. The combination of a DNA-digest and a viability assay followed by a PCR might reveal a very promising method. A DNA-digest destroys free DNA in the sample. In the following excystation protocol only viable sporozoites excyst. A PCR carried out now gives definitive proof of viable oocysts. Dead sporozoites within intact oocyst-walls are not detected.
Development and First Patient Trial of a Surgical Robot for Complex Trajectory Milling (2003)

The use of former industrial robots for surgical applications is possible but complex. The advantages are improved precision and quality and the possibility of documentation. The use of such systems is normally limited to research institutions or large clinics, because it is hardly possible to implement the necessary technical and logistic efforts in routine surgical work.
Hyaluronan in cervical epithelia protects against infection-mediated preterm birth (2014)

Increased synthesis of cervical hyaluronan (HA) from early to late pregnancy has long been proposed to play an essential role in disorganization of the collagen-rich extracellular matrix to allow for maximal compliance and dilation of the cervix during the birth process. Here, we show that HA is not essential for increased cervical distensibility during late pregnancy. Rather, cervicovaginal HA plays an unanticipated important role in epithelial barrier protection of the lower reproductive tract. Specifically, HA depletion in the cervix and vagina resulted in inappropriate differentiation of epithelial cells, increased epithelial and mucosal permeability, and strikingly increased preterm birth rates in a mouse model of ascending vaginal infection. Collectively, these findings revealed that although HA is not obligatory for cervical compliance, it is crucial for maintaining an epithelial and mucosal barrier to limit pathogen infiltration of the lower reproductive tract during pregnancy and thereby is protective against infection-mediated preterm birth.
Immune Evasion by CD200: New Approaches to Targeted Therapies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2005)

s: Abstracts for the 20th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer (Primary Authors are Italicized): OVERCOMING IMMUNOSUPPRESSION/TOLERANCE IN CANCER PATIENTS
Emerging Significance of Flavonoids as P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors in Cancer Chemotherapy (2009)

Chemotherapy forms the mainstay of cancer treatment particularly for patients who do not respond to local excision or radiation treatment. However, cancer treatment by drugs is seriously limited by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) associated multi-drug resistance (MDR) in various tumor cells. On the other hand, it is now widely recognized that P-gp also influences drug transport across various biological membranes. P-gp transporter is widely present in the luminal surface of enterocytes, biliary canalicular surface of hepatocytes, apical surface of proximal tubular cells of kidney, endothelial cells of blood brain barrier, etc. thus affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics. Clinical significance of above mentioned carrier is appreciated from the fact that more than fifty percent of existing anti-cancer drugs undergo inhibitable and saturable P-gp mediated efflux. Consequently, there is an increasing trend to optimize pharmacokinetics, enhance antitumour activity and reduce systemic toxicity of existing anti-cancer drugs by inhibiting P-gp mediated transport. Although a wide variety of P-gp inhibitors have been discovered, research efforts are underway to identify the most appropriate one. Flavonoids (polyphenolic herbal constituents) form the third generation, non-pharmaceutical category of P-gp inhibitors. The effects produced by some of these components are found to be comparable to those of well-known P-gp inhibitors verapamil and cyclosporine. Identification of effective P-gp modulator among herbal compounds have an added advantage of being safe, thereby making them ideal candidates for bioavailability enhancement, tissue-penetration (e.g. blood brain barrier (BBB)), decreasing biliary excretion and multi-drug resistance modulating agents. The dual effects, i.e. P-gp modulation and antitumor activity, of these herbal derivatives may synergistically act in cancer chemotherapy. This paper presents an overview of the investigations on the feasibility and application of flavonoids as P-gp modulators for improved efficacy of anti-cancer drugs like taxanes, anthracyclines, epipodophyllotoxins, camptothecins and vinca alkaloids. The review also focuses on flavonoid-drug interactions as well as the reversal activity of flavonoids useful against MDR. In addition, the experimental models which could be used for investigation on P-gp mediated efflux are also discussed.
Recent advances in heat shock protein-based cancer vaccines. (2006)

The available results in preclinical tests and clinical trials indicate that HSP-based cancer vaccines are promising in cancer therapy.
Rapidly-Deployable Mesh Network Testbed (2009)

This paper describes a wireless mesh network testbed for research in rapid deployment and auto-configuration of mesh nodes. Motivated by the needs of first responders and military personnel arriving to an incident area, we developed and tested an automated deployment algorithm that indicates when a mesh node needs to be deployed as the coverage area grows. Conventional radios can experience severe coverage limitations inside structures such as hi-rise buildings, subterranean buildings, caves, and underground mines. The approach examined here is to deploy wireless relays that extend coverage through multihop communication using a deployment algorithm that employs physical layer measurements. A flexible platform based on IEEE 802.11 radios has been implemented and tested in a subterranean laboratory complex where conventional public safety radios have no coverage. Applications tested include two-way voice, data, and location information. This paper describes the testbed, presents experimental results, and recommends areas for further study and development in rapidly-deployable multihop networks.
Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of 2-[4-(4,5-di hydro-5-(substituted phenyl)-1H-Pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy] Acetic Acid Hydrazides and Related Compounds (2008)

Condensation of 4-hydroxyacetophenone (1) with substituted aldehydes (2–8) gave various 1-(4-hydroxy phenyl)-3-(substituted phenyl) prop-2-en-1-ones (9–15). Alkylation of chalcones(9–13) with ethyl chloroacetate in presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate gave the corresponding ethyl 2-[4-(substituted cinnamoyl) phenoxy] acetates (16–20), respectively. Hydrolysis of various esters (16–20) gave 4-(substituted cinnamoyl) phenoxy acetic acids (21–25). Compounds 16–20 were also refluxed with hydrazine hydrate to afford 2-[4-(4,5-dihydro-5-(substituted phenyl)-I H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy] acetic acid hydrazide (26–30). These compounds were characterized and evaluated for their insecticidal activity against Helicoverpa armigera and some ef them exhibited dignificant insecticidal activity.
Finding a place to die (1999)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism commonly complicates CKD and associates with morbidity and mortality. We profiled microRNA (miRNA) in parathyroid glands from experimental hyperparathyroidism models and patients receiving dialysis and studied the function of specific miRNAs. miRNA deep-sequencing showed that human and rodent parathyroids share similar profiles. Parathyroids from uremic and normal rats segregated on the basis of their miRNA expression profiles, and a similar finding was observed in humans. We identified parathyroid miRNAs that were dysregulated in experimental hyperparathyroidism, including miR-29, miR-21, miR-148, miR-30, and miR-141 (upregulated); and miR-10, miR-125, and miR-25 (downregulated). Inhibition of the abundant let-7 family increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion in normal and uremic rats, as well as in mouse parathyroid organ cultures. Conversely, inhibition of the upregulated miR-148 family prevented the increase in serum PTH level in uremic rats and decreased levels of secreted PTH in parathyroid cultures. The evolutionary conservation of abundant miRNAs in normal parathyroid glands and the regulation of these miRNAs in secondary hyperparathyroidism indicates their importance for parathyroid function and the development of hyperparathyroidism. Specifically, let-7 and miR-148 antagonism modified PTH secretion <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>, implying roles for these specific miRNAs. These findings may be utilized for therapeutic interventions aimed at altering PTH expression in diseases such as osteoporosis and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia (2000)

12 patients with schizophrenia and auditory hallucinations received 1 Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation of left temporoparietial cortex. In a double-blind crossover trial, active stimulation significantly reduced hallucinations relative to sham stimulation.
Ex vivo transduction of human dermal tissue structures for autologous implantation production and delivery of therapeutic proteins (2005)

Systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins through gene transfer approaches has been carried out mostly by ex vivo transduction of single cells or by direct in vivo injection of an expression vector. In this work an intact miniature biopsy of human dermis (microdermis) is harvested and transduced ex vivo by a viral vector encoding a gene for the therapeutic protein. The microdermis preserves its three-dimensional structure and viability during the ex vivo manipulations. Furthermore, upon transduction with adenoviral and adeno-associated viral vectors the microdermis secretes recombinant human erythropoietin (hEPO). Biochemical analysis of the secreted hEPO showed similarity to the clinically approved recombinant hEPO. Subcutaneous implantation of microdermal hEPO into SCID mice exhibited hEPO secretion in the blood circulation and preserved elevated hematocrit for several months, demonstrating the technology's potential for sustained delivery of protein therapeutics.
Huntingtin phosphorylation on serine 421 is significantly reduced in the striatum and by polyglutamine expansion in vivo (2005)

Huntington disease (HD) results from polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin protein (htt). Despite the widespread tissue expression pattern of htt, neuronal loss is highly selective to medium spiny neurons of the striatum. Huntingtin is phosphorylated on serine-421 (S421) by the pro-survival signaling protein kinase Akt (PKB) and this has been previously shown to be protective against the toxicity of polyglutamine-expanded htt in cell culture. Using an antibody specific for htt phosphorylated on S421, we now demonstrate that htt phosphorylation is present at significant levels under normal physiological conditions in human and mouse brain. Furthermore, htt phosphorylation shows a regional distribution with the highest levels in the cerebellum, less in the cortex, and least in the striatum. In cell cultures and in YAC transgenic mice, the endogenous phosphorylation of polyglutamine-expanded htt is significantly reduced relative to wild-type htt. The presence and pattern of significant htt phosphorylation in the brain indicates that this dynamic post-translational modification is important for the regulation of htt and may contribute to the selective neurodegeneration seen in HD.
Rosiglitazone and 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14 -Prostaglandin J 2 , PPAR γ Agonists, Differentially Regulate Cigarette Smoke-Mediated Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Release in Monocytes/Macrophages (2007)

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands have the potential for use as anti-inflammatory agents in chronic airway diseases. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke (CS)-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine release would be downregulated in the monocyte-macrophage cell line (MonoMac6) by synthetic and natural PPARgamma ligands. Surprisingly, treatment of MonoMac6 cells with the natural PPARgamma ligand 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 led to increased cytokine (IL-8) release in response to either TNF-alpha or CS extract (CSE). However, exposure to rosiglitazone, a synthetic agonist, led to decreased TNF-alpha, but not CSE, mediated cytokine release. Cytokine release correlated with nuclear PPARgamma localization; CSE reduced the amount of activated PPARgamma located in the nucleus and formed aldehyde adducts as PPARgamma protein carbonyls. Furthermore, it was shown that PPARgamma interacts with the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-kappaB under TNF-alpha exposure conditions, but this interaction was disrupted by CS exposure, suggesting that CS blocks this important anti-inflammatory pathway involving PPARgamma. Thus, these new data show that activation of PPARgamma with natural or synthetic ligands have differential inhibitory effects on CS-mediated pro-inflammatory mediator release. These data have implications in designing therapies for treatment of COPD and pulmonary fibrosis.
Tumor localization using radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (1985)

THIS ESSAY PRESENTS AN OVERVIEW OF TUMOR LOCALIZATION using radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. In particular the contribution of three major factors—the antibodies, imaging techniques, and various properties of the tumor—are all considered. Despite the fact that monoclonal antibodies are not truly tumor-specific, the evidence suggests that specific tumor localization is possible. In addition, tumor detection may be improved by the use of antibody fragments. The use of isotopes other than iodine to label immunoglobulins as well as single photon emission computerized tomography may also improve tumor resolution. Tumor heterogeneity and the presence of circulating tumor antigens may be self-limiting, but each of these problems can be overcome. The accurate detection of lymph node metastases is a subject of current study, but if feasible it may represent the major contribution of this imaging technology to clinical medicine.
Gateways to clinical trials. (2004)

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate, [188Re]-P2045, 12B75, 89-12; Abacavir sulfate/lamivudine, Abatacept, Abiraterone acetate, ABT-869, Adalimumab, Ad-rh Endostatin, AI-700, Alemtuzumab, Alvimopan hydrate, Amrubicin hydrochloride, AP-12009, Apomab 7.3, Arformoterol tartrate, Aripiprazole, AS-1404, Azacitidine, AZD-0530; Bevacizumab, BHT-3009, Biapenem, Bortezomib, Bosentan, Bremelanotide; CA9-SCAN, Calcitonin gene-related peptide, Canertinib dihydrochloride, Cannabidiol, Carboxyamidotriazole, Caspofungin acetate, Celgosivir, Certolizumab pegol, Cinacalcet hydrochloride, Clevudine, CP-751871, Curcumin, Cx-401, Cypher; Darunavir, Decitabine, Deforolimus, Dexamet, Dipyridamole/prednisolone, Drospirenone, Drospirenone/estradiol, DTPw-HepB-Hib, Duloxetine hydrochloride; Efalizumab, Emtricitabine, Erlotinib hydrochloride, Escitalopram oxalate, Eszopiclone; Ferumoxtran-10, Ferumoxytol, Fondaparinux sodium, Fosaprepitant dimeglumine; gamma-Hydroxybutyrate sodium, Gefitinib, Genistein, Ghrelin (human), Gimatecan, GM-CSF PMED, Golimumab, gp100 PMED; Imatinib mesylate, Immunoglobulin intravenous (human), IV Gamma-globulin; LA-419, Laropiprant, L-BLP-25, Levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone, Lidocaine/prilocaine, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Lumiracoxib, LY-2076962; Mepolizumab, Methylnaltrexone bromide, Mitiglinide calcium hydrate, Mycophenolic acid sodium salt, Myristyl nicotinate; Natalizumab, Nesiritide, Niacin/lovastatin; Oblimersen sodium, Ofatumumab, Olmesartan medoxomil, Olmesartan medoxomil/hydrochlorothiazide, Ozarelix; Palonosetron hydrochloride, Parathyroid hormone (human recombinant), Pazopanib hydrochloride, Pegaptanib octasodium, Pegfilgrastim, Peginterferon alfa- 2a, Peginterferon alfa-2b, Pegvisomant, Pemetrexed disodium, Pexelizumab, Picoplatin, Pimecrolimus, Posaconazole, Pregabalin, PRO-1762, Progesterone caproate, Prulifloxacin; Ramelteon, Ranelic acid distrontium salt, Reparixin, Rosuvastatin calcium; Rotigotine; Satraplatin, Sertraline, Sipuleucel-T, SLIT-cisplatin, SNDX-275, Solifenacin succinate, Sunitinib malate; Tadalafil, Talnetant, Tanespimycin, Taxus, Tegaserod maleate, Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine, Teriparatide, tgAAC-94, Tiotropium bromide, Tocilizumab, Tolvaptan, Trimethoprim; Vardenafil hydrochloride hydrate, Vatalanib succinate, Vinflunine, Voriconazole, VX-680; XL-880; Yttrium 90 (90Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan.
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adults aged ≥18 years--United States, 2008-2009. (2011)

A better understanding of the patterns of the precursors to suicide is crucial to planning and evaluating a broad spectrum of suicide prevention efforts. These results can be used by state health departments and federal agencies to measure progress toward achieving national and state health objectives (e.g., those outlined in the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention). Continued surveillance is needed to design, implement, and evaluate public health policies and programs that can lead to a reduction in morbidity and mortality related to suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. Possible strategies to implement could include universal strategies (e.g., public education campaigns that focus on improving recognition of suicide risk) and indicated strategies (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy) that address the needs of persons exhibiting certain risk factors (e.g., persons who have made suicide attempts).
Extracting the frequencies of the pinna spectral notches in measured head related impulse responses (2005)

The head related impulse response (HRIR) characterizes the auditory cues created by scattering of sound off a person's anatomy. The experimentally measured HRIR depends on several factors such as reflections from body parts (torso, shoulder, and knees), head diffraction, and reflection/ diffraction effects due to the pinna. Structural models (Algazi et al., 2002; Brown and Duda, 1998) seek to establish direct relationships between the features in the HRIR and the anatomy. While there is evidence that particular features in the HRIR can be explained by anthropometry, the creation of such models from experimental data is hampered by the fact that the extraction of the features in the HRIR is not automatic. One of the prominent features observed in the HRIR, and one that has been shown to be important for elevation perception, are the deep spectral notches attributed to the pinna. In this paper we propose a method to robustly extract the frequencies of the pinna spectral notches from the measured HRIR, distinguishing them from other confounding features. The method also extracts the resonances described by Shaw (1997). The techniques are applied to the publicly available CIPIC HRIR database (Algazi et al., 2001c). The extracted notch frequencies are related to the physical dimensions and shape of the pinna.
Activation of the Transcription Factor ISGF3 by Interferon-gamma (1999)

The interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) transcription factor has been extensively studied in the context of the type I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta)-mediated antiviral response; it consists of the major DNA-binding component p48, and the signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat)1 and Stat2. We show here that type II IFN (IFN-gamma) can also invoke the activation of ISGF3 in mouse primary embryonic fibroblasts. In fact, the two Stat proteins were tyrosine phosphorylated in IFN-gamma stimulated cells. Our present findings reveal an additional mechanism by which these two distinct types of cytokines, IFN-alpha/beta and -gamma, can commonly elicit antiviral activities.
Rapid determination of the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics with ‘Sensititre’ plates and nitroblue tetrazolium (1981)

Journal Article Rapid determination of the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics with 'Sensititre' plates and nitroblue tetrazolium Get access Teresa Urban, Teresa Urban Department of Clinical Bacteriology of the Karolinska Institute at Roslagstull HospitalStockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Connie Jarstrand Connie Jarstrand Department of Clinical Bacteriology of the Karolinska Institute at Roslagstull HospitalStockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 8, Issue 5, November 1981, Pages 363–369, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/8.5.363 Published: 01 November 1981 Article history Accepted: 15 July 1981 Published: 01 November 1981
ANTIGENIC ANALYSIS BY DIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE OF 114 ISOLATES OF RICKETTSIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI RECOVERED FROM FEBRILE PATIENTS IN RURAL MALAYSIA (1979)

One hundred and fourteen Rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolates, recovered from febrile patients in central Peninsular Malaysia, were antigenically analyzed by direct immunofluorescence using eight prototype strains. Twenty-nine antigenic types were detected. The TA763, TA716, Karp and TA686 strains were the most common and occurred singly or in combination with each other or other strains in 86% of the isolates.
Surface-Induced Denaturation of Proteins during Freezing and its Inhibition by Surfactants (1996)

In this study, we found that the denaturation of proteins during freezing is closely related to surface-induced denaturation. Several proteins with varying sensitivities to freezing were tested, and the results were compared with susceptibilities to surface denaturation in unfrozen aqueous solution. Also, the influence of the surfactant Tween 80 on the denaturation of each of the proteins was examined during freeze-thawing, as were the effects of Tween 80 and several other surfactants on the stability of lactate dehydrogenase. Proteins formed insoluble precipitates when they were subjected to a quench cooling by dipping in liquid nitrogen, although freezing followed by supercooling caused less precipitation. A strong correlation (r = 0.99) was observed between the tendency of a protein to freeze denature and its tendency to surface denature. Also, the addition of small amounts of surface-active agents protected proteins from both freeze- and surface-induced denaturation. Freeze-induced denaturation of IL-1ra at the ice-water interface during freeze-drying was effectively prevented by adding a small amount of Tween 80. These results suggest that the denaturation of proteins during freeze-thawing can be ascribed primarily to the increase in the area of the ice-water interface during freezing.
Macrophages Promote Cyst Growth in Polycystic Kidney Disease (2011)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) exhibits an inflammatory component, but the contribution of inflammation to cyst progression is unknown. Macrophages promote the proliferation of tubular cells following ischemic injury, suggesting that they may have a role in cystogenesis. Furthermore, cultured Pkd1-deficient cells express the macrophage chemoattractants Mcp1 and Cxcl16 and stimulate macrophage migration. Here, in orthologous models of both PKD1 and PKD2, abnormally large numbers of alternatively activated macrophages surrounded the cysts. To determine whether pericystic macrophages contribute to the proliferation of cyst-lining cells, we depleted phagocytic cells from Pkd1(fl/fl);Pkhd1-Cre mice by treating with liposomal clodronate from postnatal day 10 until day 24. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, macrophage-depleted mice had a significantly lower cystic index, reduced proliferation of cyst-lining cells, better-preserved renal parenchyma, and improved renal function. In conclusion, these data suggest that macrophages home to cystic areas and contribute to cyst growth. Interruption of these homing and proliferative signals could have therapeutic potential for PKD.