gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Accurate Debye Models for Normal and Malignant Breast Tissue Dielectric Properties at Microwave Frequencies (2007)

The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is widely used as a computational tool for development, validation, and optimization of emerging microwave breast cancer detection and treatment techniques. When expressed in terms of Debye parameters, dispersive breast tissue dielectric properties can be efficiently incorporated into FDTD codes. Previously, we experimentally characterized the dielectric properties of a large number of excised normal and malignant breast tissue samples from 0.5 to 20 GHz. We subdivided the large database of normal tissue data into three groups based on the percent adipose tissue present in a particular sample. In addition, we formed a group of all cancer samples that contained at least 30% malignant tissue. We summarized the data using one-pole Cole-Cole models that were rigorously fit to the median dielectric properties of the three normal tissue groups and one malignant tissue group. In this letter, we present computationally simpler one- and two-pole Debye models that retain the high accuracy of the Cole-Cole models. Model parameters are derived for two sets of frequency ranges: the entire measurement frequency range from 0.5 to 20 GHz, and the 3.1-10.6 GHz FCC band allocated for ultrawideband medical applications. The proposed Debye models provide a means for creating computationally efficient FDTD breast models with realistic wideband dielectric properties derived from the largest and most comprehensive experimental study conducted to date on human breast tissue.
Effect of Ajoene, a Compound Derived from Garlic (Allium sativum), on Phytophthora drechsleri f. sp. cajani (1992)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: ajoeneinhibitionPhytophthora drechsleri f. sp. cajani
Cep164 is a mediator protein required for the maintenance of genomic stability through modulation of MDC1, RPA, and CHK1 (2008)

The activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM/Rad3-related (ATR) kinases triggers a diverse cellular response including the initiation of DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints. Mediator of DNA Damage Checkpoint protein, MDC1, and H2AX are chromatin remodeling factors required for the recruitment of DNA repair proteins to the DNA damage sites. We identified a novel mediator protein, Cep164 (KIAA1052), that interacts with both ATR and ATM. Cep164 is phosphorylated upon replication stress, ultraviolet radiation (UV), and ionizing radiation (IR). Ser186 of Cep164 is phosphorylated by ATR/ATM in vitro and in vivo. The phosphorylation of Ser186 is not affected by RPA knockdown but is severely hampered by MDC1 knockdown. siRNA-mediated silencing of Cep164 significantly reduces DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of RPA, H2AX, MDC1, CHK2, and CHK1, but not NBS1. Analyses of Cep164 knockdown cells demonstrate a critical role of Cep164 in G2/M checkpoint and nuclear divisions. These findings reveal that Cep164 is a key player in the DNA damage-activated signaling cascade.
6-(Substituted phenyl)-5-substituted-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinones. Antihypertensive agents (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT6-(Substituted phenyl)-5-substituted-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinones. Antihypertensive agentsFrancis J. McEvoy and George R. Allen Jr.Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 3, 281–286Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00249a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00249a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solid-Phase Oligodeoxynucleotide Synthesis:  A Two-Step Cycle Using Peroxy Anion Deprotection (2003)

A novel solid-phase phosphoramidite based oligodeoxynucleotide two-step synthesis method has been developed. Keys to this method are replacement of the 5'-dimethoxytrityl blocking group with an aryloxycarbonyl and the use of N-dimethoxytrityl protection for the exocyclic amines of adenine and cytosine. With these modifications, coupling of each 2'-deoxynucleoside 3'-phosphoramidite to the growing oligodeoxynucleotide on the solid support can be followed by treatment with an aqueous mixture of peroxy anions buffered at pH 9.6. This reagent effectively removes the carbonate protecting group and simultaneously oxidizes the phosphite internucleotide linkage. As a consequence a new two-step synthesis cycle is possible. Oligodeoxynucleotides synthesized using this approach are identical to authentic samples when tested by a variety of analytical techniques.
Design and Validation of a Fully Implantable, Chronic, Closed-Loop Neuromodulation Device With Concurrent Sensing and Stimulation (2012)

Chronically implantable, closed-loop neuromodulation devices with concurrent sensing and stimulation hold promise for better understanding the nervous system and improving therapies for neurological disease. Concurrent sensing and stimulation are needed to maximize usable neural data, minimize time delays for closed-loop actuation, and investigate the instantaneous response to stimulation. Current systems lack concurrent sensing and stimulation primarily because of stimulation interference to neural signals of interest. While careful design of high performance amplifiers has proved useful to reduce disturbances in the system, stimulation continues to contaminate neural sensing due to biological effects like tissue-electrode impedance mismatch and constraints on stimulation parameters needed to deliver therapy. In this work we describe systematic methods to mitigate the effect of stimulation through a combination of sensing hardware, stimulation parameter selection, and classification algorithms that counter residual stimulation disturbances. To validate these methods we implemented and tested a completely implantable system for over one year in a large animal model of epilepsy. The system proved capable of measuring and detecting seizure activity in the hippocampus both during and after stimulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate an embedded algorithm that actuates neural modulation in response to seizure detection during stimulation, validating the capability to detect bioelectrical markers in the presence of therapy and titrate it appropriately. The capability to detect neural states in the presence of stimulation and optimally titrate therapy is a key innovation required for generalizing closed-loop neural systems for multiple disease states.
Microbial cell-cell interactions (1991)

Introduction Mating interactions in Gram-positive bacteria Conjugation among enteric bacteria Chlamydomonas mating interactions Cell-cell interactions involved in yeast mating Intercellular interactions during Dictyostelium development Cell-cell interactions in Myxobacteria The role of intercellular chemical communication in the Vibrio fischeri-monocentrid fish symbiosis Rhizobium-legume symbiosis Coaggregation: adherence in the human oral microbial ecosystem Intercellular signalling in the Bdellovibrio developmental cycle
Comparison of biochemical and biological effects of ML858 (salinosporamide A) and bortezomib (2006)

Strains within the genus Salinospora have been shown to produce complex natural products having antibiotic and antiproliferative activities. The biochemical basis for the cytotoxic effects of salinosporamide A has been linked to its ability to inhibit the proteasome. Synthetically accessible salinosporamide A (ML858) was used to determine its biochemical and biological activities and to compare its effects with those of bortezomib. ML858 and bortezomib show time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of the proteasome in vitro. However, unlike bortezomib, which is a reversible inhibitor, ML858 covalently binds to the proteasome, resulting in the irreversible inhibition of 20S proteasome activity. ML858 was equipotent to bortezomib in cell-based reporter stabilization assays, but due to intramolecular instability is less potent in long-term assays. ML858 failed to maintain levels of proteasome inhibition necessary to achieve efficacy in tumor models responsive to bortezomib. Our results show that ML858 and bortezomib exhibit different kinetic and pharmacologic profiles and suggest that additional characterization of ML858 is warranted before its therapeutic potential can be fully appreciated.
[Isolation of mutants with impaired retroinhibition of histidine biosynthesis]. (1988)

The Escherichia coli, strain possessing purF, deoD and add mutations converts exogenous adenine into guanine nucleotides exclusively by the pathway coupled with histidine biosynthesis. When grown on adenine, this strain demonstrated sensitivity to histidine, thus making it possible to select histidine-resistant hisGR mutants with ATP-phosphoribosyltransferase desensibilized for histidine. The hisGR mutations were obtained in two his operons introduced into the his operon-sensitive E. coli strain: his operon of Salmonella typhimurium incorporated in DNA and his operon of E. coli on the F'episome. In both cases, the hisGR mutants obtained were shown to excrete histidine.
Evolutionarily conserved domains required for activation and repression functions of the Drosophila Hox protein Ultrabithorax (2005)

While testing the functions of deletion mutants in the Hox protein Ultrabithorax (Ubx), we found that the embryonic repression function of Ubx on Distal-less transcription in limb primordia is highly concentration dependent. The steep sigmoidal relationship between in vivo Ubx concentration and Distal-less repression is dependent on the Ubx YPWM motif. This suggests that Ubx cooperatively assembles a multi-protein repression complex on Distal-less regulatory DNA with the YPWM motif as a key protein-protein interface in this complex. Our deletion mutants also provide evidence for a transcriptional activation domain in the N-terminal 19 amino acids of Ubx. This proposed activation domain contains a variant of the SSYF motif that is found at the N termini of many Hox proteins, and is conserved in the activation domain of another Hox protein, Sex combs reduced. These results suggest that the N-terminal region containing the SSYF motif has been conserved in many Hox proteins for its role in transcriptional activation.
DNA-Mediated Immunization in Mice Induces a Potent MHC Class I-Restricted Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response to the Hepatitis B Envelope Protein (1995)

The particulate form of the major envelope or surface (S) protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be taken up by antigen-presenting cells and processed for class I presentation as an exogenous protein. We have used several DNA plasmid vectors expressing the HBV envelope proteins to determine whether these sequences are able to induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in BALB/c mice after intramuscular DNA injection. A potent and specific induction was obtained, which can be detected ex vivo using either specific or nonspecific (interleukin-2) stimulation in cell culture, and the DNA-primed CTL responses are stronger than those obtained with protein injection with either stimulation protocol. The CTL response induced by DNA-based immunization is both canonical and highly specific as indicated by the nature of the epitope presented (amino acids 28-39), the class I allele used (Ld), and the T lymphocytes involved (CD8+). The CTL response is initiated between 3 and 6 days after DNA injection. By 6-12 days after a single DNA injection, ex vivo cytolytic activity is nearly maximal, and similar high levels of activity can still be detected 4 months after injection. The possibility is discussed that the unusual mode of delivery of the antigen to the immune system provided by in situ expression might allow HBV envelope antigen to be taken up and processed for class I presentation by in situ expression might allow HBV envelope antigen to be taken up and processed for class I presentation as an exogenous protein in addition to activating potentially the classical endogenous pathway.
The mammalian ionic environment dictates microbial susceptibility to antimicrobial defense peptides (2006)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been shown in animal and human systems to be effective natural antibiotics. However, it is unclear how they convey protection; they often appear inactive when assayed under culture conditions applied to synthetic antibiotics. This inactivation has been associated with loss of function in physiological concentrations of NaCl or serum. In this study we show that the balance of host ionic conditions dictate microbial sensitivity to AMPs. Carbonate is identified as the critical ionic factor present in mammalian tissues that imparts the ability of AMPs such as cathelicidins and defensins to kill at physiological NaCl concentrations. After adapting to carbonate-containing solutions, global changes occur in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli structure and gene expression despite no change in growth rate. Our findings show that changes in cell wall thickness and Sigma factor B expression correspond to the increased susceptibility to the AMP LL-37. These observations provide new insight into the factors involved in enabling function of innate immune effector molecules, and suggest that discovery of new antimicrobials should specifically target pathogens as they exist in the host and not the distinctly different phenotype of bacteria grown in culture broth.
A Dynamic Cryptographic Algorithm to Provide Nodal Level Security in Wireless Sensor Network (2010)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) continue to evolve as one of the most exciting and challenging research areas. There are many applications of wireless sensor networks that collect and disseminate sensitive and important information. For successful operation of many of the sensor node applications, it is necessary to maintain the privacy and security of the data stored in the sensor nodes and of the transmitted data. The security models and protocols used in the wired and other networks such as ad-hoc networks are not suitable for WSNs due to their severe resource constrictions. Thus there is a lack of an agreeable and most effective way of securing the information. In this paper a unique, dynamic cryptographic algorithm to provide security to the wireless sensor network by securing the individual nodes of the network, has been proposed.
Nootropics and metabolically active compounds in Alzheimer's disease (1989)

Conference Article| February 01 1989 Nootropics and metabolically active compounds in Alzheimer's disease C. DAVID NICHOLSON C. DAVID NICHOLSON 1Organon Laboratories Limited, Newhouse Industrial Estate, Newhouse, M11 5SH, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1989) 17 (1): 83–85. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0170083 Article history Received: August 08 1988 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation C. DAVID NICHOLSON; Nootropics and metabolically active compounds in Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1989; 17 (1): 83–85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0170083 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: SDAT, senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type, GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid, DHET, dihydroergotoxine This content is only available as a PDF. © 1989 Biochemical Society1989 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Stopping Rule for the MLE Algorithm Based on Statistical Hypothesis Testing (1987)

It is known that when the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) algorithm passes a certain point, it produces images that begin to deteriorate. We propose a quantitative criterion with a simple probabilistic interpretation that allows the user to stop the algorithm just before this effect begins. The MLE algorithm searches for the image that has the maximum probability to generate the projection data. The underlying assumption of the algorithm is a Poisson distribution of the data. Therefore, the best image, according to the MLE algorithm, is the one that results in projection means which are as close to the data as possible. It is shown that this goal conflicts with the assumption that the data are Poisson-distributed. We test a statistical hypothesis whereby the projection data could have been generated by the image produced after each iteration. The acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis is based on a parameter that decreases as the images improve and increases as they deteriorate. We show that the best MLE images, which pass the test, result in somewhat lower noise in regions of high activity than the filtered back-projection results and much improved images in low activity regions. The applicability of the proposed stopping rule to other iterative schemes is discussed.
Ruthenium-Catalysed Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones DIPHOSPHINE LIGANDS IN HYDROGENATIONS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SYNTHESIS (2005)

The asymmetric reduction of carbonyl, C=O, groups for the production of enantiomerically pure secondary alcohols is a reaction of fundamental importance in modern synthetic chemistry. This reaction can be performed in a number of ways. Asymmetric chemocatalysis (1) and the often complementary biocatalysis offer solutions to the stereoselective reduction of C=O groups. These two techniques have found wide industrial application (2). In the mid 1990s, two new ruthenium systems based on dihydrogen or transfer hydrogenation for asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones were developed by Professors Noyori and Ikariya. These systems enable catalytic asymmetric reduction to provide a route for the generation of enantiomerically pure secondary alcohols in a highly efficient, simple and economic way (3). This paper describes some robust and cost-effective chemocatalytic technology for asymmetric ketone reduction, using ruthenium catalysts with diphosphine ligands.
Micromechanics for actuators via deep x-ray lithography (1994)

Micromechanics and, in particular, micromechanics for actuators requires a processing tool that can provide 3-dimensionality and can accommodate many materials in a cost effective manner. The tool is further enhanced if high geometric resolution and compatibility with microelectronics are provided for. The desired attributes for the processing tool are in part contained in the original German LIGA process which introduced deep x-ray lithography and metal plating to micromechanics with achieved structural heights above 500 micrometer. This process can and has been extended to heights above 1 cm with improved resolution by developing a low stress photoresist application technology which is based on precut photoresist sheets and solvent bonding. Exposure of these thick layers is achieved by using 20 keV photon fluxes from the Brookhaven National Laboratory 2.6 GeV synchrotron. Application of this technology to actuator construction has taken two forms: linear, spring constrained electrostatic and magnetic actuators with large throws, and magnetic rotational machines for either high output torques or very high rotational speeds.
Facilitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors on Hypogastric Nerve-Evoked Urethral Contractions in the Cat: A Prominent Role of Urethralβ-Adrenergic Receptors (1994)

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), such as imipramine, are well-accepted for the treatment of urinary incontinence and enuresis, but their mechanism of action remains undefined due to their multiple pharmacological actions. To explore only the contribution imparted by sympathomimetic effects on the urethra by norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibition, two selective NE reuptake inhibitors (nisoxetine and tomoxetine) that possess no antimuscarinic or serotonergic properties were examined for their effects on sympathetic hypogastric nerve (HgN) evoked urethral contractions in chloralose anesthetized cats. Under control conditions, HgN stimulation produced a biphasic response composed of a consistent initial contraction that was prazosin- (alpha adrenergic antagonist) sensitive, followed by a more variable relaxation that was propranolol- (beta adrenergic antagonist) sensitive. Unexpectedly, nisoxetine (0.03 to 1.0 mg./kg. intravenously, n = 6) and tomoxetine (0.3 to 3 mg./kg. intravenously, n = 3) produced decreases (about 50% to 60% of control) in HgN-evoked contractions. These inhibitory effects of the reuptake inhibitors were reversed by propranolol. In cats that were pretreated with propranolol, nisoxetine produced a significant increase in HgN-evoked contractions. In conclusion, these results indicate that inhibition of NE reuptake into the sympathetic nerve terminal produces a relative increase in the activation of beta adrenergic receptors compared with alpha adrenergic receptors in the urethra. This increased beta receptor stimulation might be due to a greater diffusion of NE away from the neuro-effector junction to extrajunctional sites following blockade of junctional reuptake. These findings should highlight the importance of urethral beta adrenergic receptors, which is not well-recognized in the literature.
An exploration of streets as social spaces as informative for urban planning and design (2016)

Public open spaces can positively contribute to people’s quality of life. With the world’s growing urban population, especially in developing countries, quality public spaces are becoming increasingly important. Streets are considered important public spaces for people-environment interactions. Streets play an important social role in communities’ lives and can contribute to a sense of community. Using people-environment interaction as theoretical framework, the study used a qualitative approach to explore social dynamics in a multi-modal street (Helen Joseph Street) in a South Africa metropolitan city (Pretoria). Aspects of ethnography was applied using observations and semi-structured interviews to generate data from 32 participants about social dynamics in the street. Themes that emerged from the content analysis of the data include: the multi-functional role of the street, serving an economic, cultural, social, political and functional role; the generation of vigorous social interaction with multi-levels of contact/interaction; the interrelated nature of the social and spatial/built environment; the role of the street space in facilitating social interaction and being supportive of the social environment. The findings illustrate the interrelatedness and complexity of people and their environment in Helen Joseph Street. It is suggested that streets have the potential to positively impact on people’s social lives. Streets can act as platforms for social interaction by becoming self-reinforced social spaces that attract people and in return change urban spaces into vibrant public spaces.