gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymeric Self-Assembled Monolayers. 5. Synthesis and Characterization of ω-Functionalized, Self-Assembled Diacetylenic and Polydiacetylenic Monolayers (1996)

Here we discuss the preparation and characterization of photopolymerizable, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) that consist of acid-, hydroxyl-, and methyl-terminated n-alkanethiols containing a diacetylene group (HS(CH2)10C⋮CC⋮C(CH2)10X; X = COOH, CH2OH, and CH3, respectively). The acid and hydroxyl surfaces are readily amenable to further synthetic elaboration, while the methyl-terminated SAM results in a clean, low-energy surface. As demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared external reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ERS), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), ellipsometry, UV−vis spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods, all three materials self assemble onto Au surfaces to form ordered monolayers that can be photopolymerized with UV light.
Superactive Iodination Reagent on a Base of Iodine Chloride and Silver Sulfate (1999)

After reaction of ICl and Ag2SO4 in sulfuric acid and separation of resulting AgCl a stable solution is formed, containing very active forms of electrophilic iodine. This solution has a powerful iodination ability with respect to aromatic compounds. Deactivated arenes are iodinated easily and in mild conditions by action of this new reagent in generally good yields of the iodoarenes.
Data embedding in scrambled digital video (2004)

A technique for embedding data in scrambled MPEG video is described. The embedding technique is applied to the video sequence jointly with the video scrambling algorithm. The scrambling operation together with the data embedding process are performed prior to MPEG encoding, and the scrambled and data-embedded video is MPEG-2 encoded with a minimal increase in the MPEG bitrate. The applied technique uses premanipulation of the block scrambling parameters to generate interblock differentials to embed the data bits. Embedded data has sufficient robustness to resist the MPEG encoding attack. The data channel capability of the system arises due to the scrambling process and is not available when the video is not scrambled. The data embedding scrambler precedes input of any MPEG-2 compliant encoder. The technique is totally independent of the MPEG level, profile and parameters, and is applicable to all MPEG-2 based broadcast schemes including ATSC and DVB-S/C/T.
Persistence of Abnormal Chloride Conductance Regulation in Transformed Cystic Fibrosis Epithelia (1989)

An airway epithelial cell line (CF/T43) was developed by infecting cultured airway epithelial cells from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with the pZIPneoSV(X)1/SV40T retrovirus and selecting for G418 resistance and ion transport properties. The distinctive chloride secretory phenotypes of the CF cell line CF/T43 and a normal cell line (NL/T4) were not perturbed by SV40T-induced cell transformation. Epithelial cell lines generated from CF cells with the SV40T gene can be used to test candidate CF genes and to evaluate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the CF phenotype.
Purification and partial biochemical characterization of a human monocyte-derived, neutrophil-activating peptide that lacks interleukin 1 activity. (1987)

A novel monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide (MONAP) produced by lipopolysaccharide- and phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated human peripheral blood monocytes was purified by sequential ion exchange-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), size exclusion HPLC, and reversed phase HPLC. Biologic activities of the purified cytokine were monitored by either an enzyme release assay or a chemotaxis assay, using peripheral human neutrophils. Purified MONAP was found to be homogeneous, giving a single peak on size-exclusion HPLC, reversed-phase HPLC, as well as a single 10-kDa band on silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. Purified MONAP stimulate human neutrophil chemotaxis at an estimated molarity of 5 x 10(-11) M. Half-maximal enzyme release of cytochalasin B pretreated neutrophils occurred at 2 to 3 x 10(-10) M, whereas superoxide anion production elicited by various concentrations of MONAP was found to be low. Isolated human peripheral monocytes, as well as human eosinophils, showed no chemotactic response to MONAP, indicating neutrophil specificity. MONAP activity was separated from thymocyte-stimulating activity by reversed-phase HPLC, indicating nonidentity with interleukin (IL)-1. This was further supported by heat resistance of MONAP, which is in contrast to the heat sensitivity of IL-1. In addition, IL-1 obtained as a by-product during isolation of MONAP did not stimulate human neutrophil chemotaxis.
评V.索格林著《十八世纪美国革命的思想倾向》 (1983)

这部专著是多年工作的结晶,该书对十八世纪美国社会思想主要倾向的形成及其代表人物的思想立场进行了透彻的分析。作者指出,直到现在,苏联学者主要研究美国革命思想意识中具有民主倾向的代表人物的观点,而对其他温和保守的开国元老
Synthesis of derivatives of isoindole and of pyrazino[2,1-a]isoindole (1985)

Amines were reacted with lactones 7 or with unsaturated nitro derivatives 8 to give isoindole and pyrazino[2,1-a]isoindole derivatives. The mechanisms of formation, proofs of structure, and stereochemistry are presented.
An X-Band 10 W Monolithic Transmit-Receive GaAs FET Switch (2005)

A monolithic transmit-receive GaAs FET switch capable of switching more than 10 W CW power with about 1 dB insertion loss and 26 dB isolation at X-band frequencies is reported.
Methodological and Theoretical Implications of Intraindividual Variability in Perceptual-Motor Performance (2004)

As an individual differences variable, lability (within-person variability) has often been neglected even though it has been shown to predict key outcomes such as mortality. We examine intraindividual variability in perceptual-motor performance and relate it to chronological age in a sample of adults. The magnitude of between-session variability was found to average between 25 % and 50 % of the between-person variability and was equivalent in magnitude to the variation that was apparent across an age range of 12 to 27 years in cross-sectional comparisons. Age is related to the magnitude of intraindividual variability, which in turn is negatively related to performance on other cognitive tasks. Various implications of the findings are discussed. S CIENTIFIC interest in short-term change and fluctuation inbehavior has a long history (e.g., Cattell, 1957; Fiske &amp;amp; Rice, 1955; Thouless, 1936; Woodrow, 1932) and has in-creased substantially over the past two decades. In addition to numerous publications on substantive aspects of the topic
A low-temperature wafer bonding technique using patternable materials (2002)

In this paper we present a silicon wafer bonding technique for 3D microstructures using MEMS process technology. Photo-definable material with patternable characteristics served as the bonding layer between the silicon wafers. A bonding process was developed and several types of photo-definable material were tested for bonding strength and pattern spatial resolution. The results indicated that SU-8 is the best material with a bonding strength of up to 213 kg cm−2 (20.6 MPa), and a spatial resolution of 10 μm, at a layer thickness of up to 100 μm. The low-temperature bonding technique that is presented is particularly suitable for microstructure and microelectronics integration involved in MEMS packaging.
Texture and Flavor Characteristics of Beverages Containing Commercial Thickening Agents for Dysphagia Diets (2003)

ABSTRACT Starch‐based thickeners often are recommended to facilitate fluid intake for dysphagia patients. Four beverages (water, milk, orange juice, apple juice) were prepared to a “honey‐like” consistency using 4 commercially available starch‐based thickeners. Sensory characteristics of the beverages were described using descriptive sensory analysis. The brands of thickeners differed in the perceived viscosity of the products they produced. With thickeners, the main flavors of the base beverages were suppressed, all imparted a starchy flavor, and some products imparted slight off‐flavors, such as metallic, astringent, or bitter, and a grainy texture that might be perceived as reducing quality. This sensory information could be related to physicochemical information to improve product quality.
Progression of kyphosis in mdx mice (2004)

Spinal deformity in the form of kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis occurs in most patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a fatal X-linked disorder caused by an absence of the subsarcolemmal protein dystrophin. Mdx mice, which also lack dystrophin, show thoracolumbar kyphosis that progresses with age. We hypothesize that paraspinal and respiratory muscle weakness and fibrosis are associated with the progression of spinal deformity in this mouse model, and similar to DMD patients there is evidence of altered thoracic conformation and area. We measured kyphosis in mdx and age-matched control mice by monthly radiographs and the application of a novel radiographic index, the kyphotic index, similar to that used in boys with DMD. Kyphotic index became significantly less in mdx at 9 mo of age (3.58 +/- 0.12 compared with 4.27 +/- 0.04 in the control strain; P < or = 0.01), indicating more severe kyphosis, and remained less from 10 to 17 mo of age. Thoracic area in 17-mo-old mdx was reduced by 14% compared with control mice (P < or = 0.05). Peak tetanic tension was significantly lower in mdx and fell 47% in old mdx latissimus dorsi muscles, 44% in intercostal strips, and 73% in diaphragm strips (P < or = 0.05). Fibrosis of these muscles and the longissimus dorsi, measured by hydroxyproline analysis and histological grading of picrosirius red-stained sections, was greater in mdx (P < 0.05). We conclude that kyphotic index is a useful measure in mdx and other kyphotic mouse strains, and assessment of paralumbar and accessory respiratory muscles enhance understanding of spinal deformity in muscular dystrophy.
Mutational Analysis of ATP8B1 in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis (2013)

We did not find an association between heterozygous ATP8B1 variants and chronic pancreatitis in our cohort of patients with hereditary and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis.
PABPN1: molecular function and muscle disease (2013)

The polyadenosine RNA binding protein polyadenylate-binding nuclear protein 1 (PABPN1) plays key roles in post-transcriptional processing of RNA. Although PABPN1 is ubiquitously expressed and presumably contributes to control of gene expression in all tissues, mutation of the PABPN1 gene causes the disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), in which a limited set of skeletal muscles are affected. A major goal in the field of OPMD research is to understand why mutation of a ubiquitously expressed gene leads to a muscle-specific disease. PABPN1 plays a well-documented role in controlling the poly(A) tail length of RNA transcripts but new functions are emerging through studies that exploit a variety of unbiased screens as well as model organisms. This review addresses (a) the molecular function of PABPN1 incorporating recent findings that reveal novel cellular functions for PABPN1 and (b) the approaches that are being used to understand the molecular defects that stem from expression of mutant PABPN1. The long-term goal in this field of research is to understand the key molecular functions of PABPN1 in muscle as well as the mechanisms that underlie the pathological consequences of mutant PABPN1. Armed with this information, researchers can seek to develop therapeutic approaches to enhance the quality of life for patients afflicted with OPMD.
Current and future treatment approaches for neuromyelitis optica (2011)

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by severe attacks of optic neuritis and myelitis, and which, unlike multiple sclerosis (MS), commonly spares the brain in the early stages. NMO used to be considered as a special form of MS. During the past 10 years, however, the two diseases have been shown to be clearly different. NMO is a B-cell-mediated disease associated with anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in many cases and its pathophysiology seems to be near the acute lesion of necrotizing vasculitis. Assessment of prevalence shows that NMO is far less frequent than MS, which explains the absence of randomized clinical trials and NMO treatment strategies validated by evidence-based medicine. Recently, many data have been published that suggest that the therapeutic option in NMO should be immunosuppressive rather than immunomodulatory drugs. In the present study, after a brief overview of NMO, we review therapeutic studies and propose new therapeutic strategies in the relapse and disease-modifying fields.
Coherent Transient Enhancement of Optically Induced Resonant Transitions (2002)

By applying pulse shaping techniques to a broadband 100 fs pulse in resonance with a two-level atomic transition, we are able to enhance the peak transient excited level population relative to that achievable with transform limited pulses. We also demonstrate how the dispersion induced by the absorption line itself leads to similar rapidly oscillating transients in the excited population. These transient population effects are applicable in any multiphoton resonant transition.
Coming Full Circle: Contributions of Central and Peripheral Oxytocin Actions to Energy Balance (2012)

The neuropeptide oxytocin has emerged as an important anorexigen in the regulation of energy balance. Its effects on food intake have largely been attributed to limiting meal size through interactions in key regulatory brain regions such as the hypothalamus and hindbrain. Pharmacologic and pair-feeding studies indicate that its ability to reduce body mass extends beyond that of food intake, affecting multiple factors that determine energy balance such as energy expenditure, lipolysis, and glucose regulation. Systemic administration of oxytocin recapitulates many of its effects when administered centrally, raising the questions of whether and to what extent circulating oxytocin contributes to energy regulation. Its therapeutic potential to treat metabolic conditions remains to be determined, but data from diet-induced and genetically obese rodent models as well as application of oxytocin in humans in other areas of research have revealed promising results thus far.
Disruption of reducing pathways is not essential for efficient disulfide bond formation in the cytoplasm of E. coli (2010)

Our results refute the current paradigm in the field that disruption of at least one of the reducing pathways is essential for the efficient production of disulfide bond containing proteins in the cytoplasm of E. coli and open up new possibilities for the use of E. coli as a microbial cell factory.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta; A New Target in Pancreatic Cancer? (2007)

Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) was initially described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism. However, since that time it has been found to regulate a diverse range of cell functions. In addition to having a major role in the regulation of the important onco-protein beta-catenin, GSK is also a critical regulator of NF-kappaB. NF-kappaB comprises a family of transcription factors which activate the expression of a wide array of genes involved in inflammation, tumourigenesis, metastasis, differentiation, embryonic development, apoptosis. Inflammation mediated by the NF-kappaB family has been implicated in the initiation of pancreatic cancer, resistance to chemotherapy and the development of the debilitating cancer cachexia seen with advanced disease. Hence, GSK has potential as an important new target both in the treatment of resectable pancreatic cancer as an adjuvant to surgery, and in the palliation of inoperable tumours.
Real-time observation of taxa-specific plankton distributions: an optical sampling method (2004)

A fundamental problem in limnology and oceanography is the inability to measure the taxonomic composition of plankton quickly over a broad range of scales. Traditional sampling with bottles and nets provides critical data at the species-level, but has limited spatio-temporal coverage and can destroy ubiquitous delicate forms. To augment traditional sampling, recent advances in bioacoustics and non-imaging optics provide real-time high-resolution data on biomass abundance and size composition. New optical imaging approaches provide coarse taxonomic composition but require manual image identification, preventing real-time observation. Here, we describe a method of optical sampling and analysis, using the Video Plankton Recorder, to automatically identify plankton to major taxa (and to species in some cases) and observe their distributions at sea in real time. We present a detailed assessment of classifier accuracy, including a comparison of machine-and handclassification of images. The automated classification method was found to be sufficiently accurate for estimating abundance patterns of dominant taxa but not for less abundant taxa. The range in overall accuracy was 60 to 70% for 7 taxa and 79 to 82% for 2 taxa, with accuracies for individual taxa ranging between 45 and 91%. Classification error was small relative to natural variability in abundance of dominant taxa. For a given taxon, the error in the abundance estimate was low in regions of high relative abundance. A manual correction step can be used in areas of low relative abundance to obtain accurate abundance estimates. Example data from 2 cruises are presented to illustrate the utility of real-time taxa-specific data collection. These data represent the first real-time automatic identification and mapping of plankton taxa at sea. This methodology represents an intermediate step towards the ultimate goal of real-time identification of plankton to the level of species and life stage. At present, optical imaging methods cannot replace net and bottle surveys, but can be used to obtain coarse taxonomic composition of plankton (including fragile forms) with an identification accuracy that is high enough to produce quantitative high-resolution maps of abundant taxa in real time.
Sensory Responses in Solution vs Solid State:  A Fluorescence Quenching Study of Poly(iptycenebutadiynylene)s (2005)

A new series of poly(p-phenylenebutadiynylene)s has been synthesized with unique polymer structural features. In these systems each of the p-phenylene units in the conjugated backbone is the core of a rigid three-dimensional iptycene scaffold. The fluorescence quenching properties of these polymers in response to a series of electron-deficient aromatic compounds have been investigated in both solution and the solid state. It was found that in solution these polymers displayed higher quenching sensitivity toward studied quenchers compared to a more open-structure iptycene-containing poly(p-phenyleneethynylene). The quenching behaviors of the conjugated polymer were shown to be strongly influenced by the configuration of the incorporated iptycences. The thin films investigations revealed differences in both the fluorescence quenching and the recovery processes. Distinct behaviors indicated that the fluorescence quenching in the solid state is dictated by different factors than those in solution. Our results further suggest that poly(p-phenylenebutadiynylene)s containing large iptycene scaffolds that introduce porosity have the ability to efficiently sequester the quencher molecules within thin films as these materials display slow fluorescence recoveries.
Phenylcinnamides as Novel Antimitotic Agents (2010)

Compound 8H is a phenylcinnamide that induces G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest and cell death in cancer cell lines. Here we show that 8H exerts its cytotoxic activity through disruption of microtubule dynamics in vitro and in cell culture. A series of cinnamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated, and several new compounds were identified that improve on the activity of the parent compound, with IC(50) values for induction of cell death ranging from 1 to 10 microM. Notably, these compounds retain potency in the HL-60/VCR leukemia cell line, which is resistant to antimitotic cancer drugs vincrisitine and paclitaxel through up-regulation of P-glycoprotein drug efflux pumps. As P-glycoprotein expression is often responsible for drug resistance in cancer and the exclusion of compounds from the central nervous system, 8H and its derivatives merit further examination as potential antimitotic therapeutics, specifically for brain cancers and cancers that are resistant to standard antimitotic agents.
Overexpression of the c-MET/HGF receptor gene in human thyroid carcinomas. (1992)

The receptor for Hepatocyte Growth Factor is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase encoded by the c-MET oncogene. We have previously shown that the Met protein is expressed in several human epithelial tissues. The receptor is barely detectable, however, in normal thyroids and in specimens from patients affected by non-neoplastic thyroid diseases. Now we report that the expression of the Met/HGF receptor is increased a hundred fold in 22 out of 41 human carcinomas derived from the thyroid follicular epithelium. A comprehensive analysis of 15 cases showed that the overexpressing carcinomas belong to histotype variants correlated with negative prognosis and in all but one case there were evidences of locally advanced disease and/or distant metastases. The 11 benign adenomas and the 5 medullary carcinomas tested were negative. Western blot analysis with monoclonal antibodies directed against either the intracellular or the extracellular receptor domains failed to reveal major structural alterations. Southern blot analysis also demonstrated that the c-MET gene was not amplified nor rearranged. These data suggest a role for the overexpression of c-MET oncogene in the pathogenesis and progression of thyroid tumors derived from the follicular epithelium.
Identification of a new APC/C recognition domain, the A box, which is required for the Cdh1-dependent destruction of the kinase Aurora-A during mitotic exit (2002)

The mitotic kinase Aurora A (Aur-A) is required for formation of a bipolar mitotic spindle and accurate chromosome segregation. In somatic cells, Aur-A protein and kinase activity levels peak during mitosis, and Aur-A is degraded during mitotic exit. Here, we investigated how Aur-A protein and kinase activity levels are regulated, taking advantage of the rapid synchronous cell division cycles of Xenopus eggs and cell-free systems derived from them. Aur-A kinase activity oscillates in the early embryonic cell cycles, just as in somatic cells, but Aur-A protein levels are constant, indicating that regulated activation and inactivation, instead of periodic proteolysis, is the dominant mode of Aur-A regulation in these cell cycles. Cdh1, the APC/C activator that targets many mitotic proteins for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis during late mitosis and G1 in somatic cells, is missing in Xenopus eggs and early embryos. We find that addition of Cdh1 to egg extracts undergoing M phase exit is sufficient to induce rapid degradation of Aur-A. Aur-A contains both of the two known APC/C recognition signals, (1) a C-terminal D box similar to those required for ubiquitin-dependent destruction of cyclin B and several other mitotic proteins, and (2) an N-terminal KEN box similar to that found on cdc20, which is ubiquitinated in response to APC/C(Cdh1). The D box is required for Cdh1-induced destruction of Aur-A but the KEN box is not. Destruction also requires a short region in the N terminus, which contains a newly identified recognition signal, the A box. The A box is conserved in vertebrate Aur-As and contains serine 53, which is phosphorylated during M phase. Mutation of serine 53 to aspartic acid, which can mimic the effect of phosphorylation, completely blocks Cdh1-dependent destruction of Aur-A. These results suggest that dephosphorylation of serine 53 during mitotic exit could control the timing of Aur-A destruction, allowing recognition of both the A box and D box by Cdh1-activated APC/C.