gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Na + /H + Exchanger During Ischemia and Preconditioning in the Isolated Rat Heart (1999)

The role of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger in ischemia, reperfusion, and preconditioning was investigated in isolated perfused rat hearts. Contractile function, [Na(+)](i), and pH(i) were measured; ischemic damage was assessed by the recovery of developed pressure (DP) on reperfusion. After 30 minutes of ischemia, DP recovered to only 14+/-4% of preischemic control. In contrast, after preconditioning (3x5-minute periods of ischemia) followed by 30 minutes of ischemia, DP recovered to 75+/-4%. Hearts treated with the Na(+)/H(+) exchange inhibitor 5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride (MIA) also showed an enhanced recovery after ischemia (DP 62+/-9%). Treatment with a low concentration of tetrodotoxin (TTX, 100 nmol/L), which blocks the persistent component of the Na(+) current, had a small beneficial effect on recovery (DP 37+/-8%). Thirty minutes of ischemia caused a small [Na(+)](i) rise (3.2+/-0.9 mmol/L); reperfusion resulted in a further [Na(+)](i) increase (+11.9+/-2.5 mmol/L), which partially recovered over 30 minutes. Preconditioning did not change the [Na(+)](i) rise during ischemia but abolished the large [Na(+)](i) rise on reperfusion, and [Na(+)](i) instead fell (-3.6+/-1.3 mmol/L). In the presence of MIA, the [Na(+)](i) rise was unchanged from ischemia only; on reperfusion, [Na(+)](i) fell (-3.7+/-0.9 mmol/L), similar to the preconditioned hearts. TTX abolished the [Na(+)](i) rise during ischemia (+0.3+/-0.7 mmol/L), and the increase on reperfusion was similar to ischemia only. We conclude that the rise of [Na(+)](i) during ischemia is caused by Na(+) entry through persistent Na(+) channels. The rise of [Na(+)](i) on reperfusion is caused by activation of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger and is blocked by MIA and by preconditioning. It is known that the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger is inhibited during ischemia; the present result suggests that this inhibition is prolonged into the early part of reperfusion by preconditioning. To test this hypothesis, we measured the time course of pH(i) recovery after ischemia and preconditioning. Preconditioning slowed the rate of pH(i) recovery after ischemia, providing further support for the hypothesis that preconditioning inhibits the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger during early reperfusion. This inhibition of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger during reperfusion prevents Na(+) entry, and therefore Ca(2+) loading, and is part of the protective pathway involved in preconditioning.
Simultaneous localization and mapping for pedestrians using only foot-mounted inertial sensors (2009)

In this paper we describe a new Bayesian estimation approach for simultaneous mapping and localization for pedestrians based on odometry with foot mounted inertial sensors. When somebody walks within a constrained area such as a building, then even noisy and drift-prone odometry measurements can give us information about features like turns, doors, and walls, which we can use to build a form of a map of the explored area, especially when these features are revisited over time. Our initial results for our novel scheme which we call "FootSLAM" are very surprising in that true SLAM with stable relative positioning accuracy of 1-2 meters for pedestrians is indeed possible based on inertial sensors alone without any prior known building indoor layout. Furthermore, the 2D maps obtained even for just 10 minutes of walking converge to a good approximation of the true layout forming the basis for future automated collaborative mapping of buildings.
Flt3-Ligand and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Mobilize Distinct Human Dendritic Cell Subsets In Vivo (2000)

Dendritic cells (DCs) have a unique ability to stimulate naive T cells. Recent evidence suggests that distinct DC subsets direct different classes of immune responses in vitro and in vivo. In humans, the monocyte-derived CD11c+ DCs induce T cells to produce Th1 cytokines in vitro, whereas the CD11c- plasmacytoid T cell-derived DCs elicit the production of Th2 cytokines. In this paper we report that administration of either Flt3-ligand (FL) or G-CSF to healthy human volunteers dramatically increases distinct DC subsets, or DC precursors, in the blood. FL increases both the CD11c+ DC subset (48-fold) and the CD11c- IL-3R+ DC precursors (13-fold). In contrast, G-CSF only increases the CD11c- precursors (>7-fold). Freshly sorted CD11c+ but not CD11c- cells stimulate CD4+ T cells in an allogeneic MLR, whereas only the CD11c- cells can be induced to secrete high levels of IFN-alpha, in response to influenza virus. CD11c+ and CD11c- cells can mature in vitro with GM-CSF + TNF-alpha or with IL-3 + CD40 ligand, respectively. These two subsets up-regulate MHC class II costimulatory molecules as well as the DC maturation marker DC-lysosome-associated membrane protein, and they stimulate naive, allogeneic CD4+ T cells efficiently. These two DC subsets elicit distinct cytokine profiles in CD4+ T cells, with the CD11c- subset inducing higher levels of the Th2 cytokine IL-10. The differential mobilization of distinct DC subsets or DC precursors by in vivo administration of FL and G-CSF offers a novel strategy to manipulate immune responses in humans.
A critical step in metastasis: in vivo analysis of intravasation at the primary tumor. (2000)

Detailed evaluation of all steps in tumor cell metastasis is critical for evaluating the cell mechanisms controlling metastasis. Using green fluorescent protein transfectants of metastatic (MTLn3) and nonmetastatic (MTC) cell lines derived from the rat mammary adenocarcinoma 13762 NF, we have measured tumor cell density in the blood, individual tumor cells in the lungs, and lung metastases. Correlation of blood burden with lung metastases indicates that entry into the circulation is a critical step for metastasis. To examine cell behavior during intravasation, we have used green fluorescent protein technology to view these cells in time lapse images within a single optical section using a confocal microscope. In vivo imaging of the primary tumors of MTLn3 and MTC cells indicates that both metastatic and nonmetastatic cells are motile and show protrusive activity. However, metastatic cells show greater orientation toward blood vessels and larger numbers of host cells within the primary tumor, whereas nonmetastatic cells fragment when interacting with vessels. These results demonstrate that a major difference in intravasation between metastatic and nonmetastatic cells is detected in the primary tumor and illustrate the value of a direct visualization of cell properties in vivo for dissection of the metastatic process.
Glutamine metabolism drives succinate accumulation in plasma and the lung during hemorrhagic shock (2016)

Glutamine metabolism contributes to increased succinate concentration in plasma during hemorrhagic shock. The glutaminolytic pathway is implicated as a therapeutic target to prevent the contribution of succinate accumulation in plasma and the lung-to-postshock pathogenesis.
Towards Unity for Health Utilising Community-Oriented Primary Care in Education and Practice (2007)

In order to reach health objectives set out by disease-specific or health promotion programs, a community-sensitive approach is needed, especially for the most deprived communities. The COPC model offers inspiration and can be a practical tool to work with communities. It is also feasible to create a short COPC exercise to prepare future healthcare workers for complex community work. This model is one of the ways to concretise some of the main objectives of TUFH.
Homing endonuclease structure and function (2005)

Homing endonucleases are encoded by open reading frames that are embedded within group I, group II and archael introns, as well as inteins (intervening sequences that are spliced and excised post-translationally). These enzymes initiate transfer of those elements (and themselves) by generating strand breaks in cognate alleles that lack the intervening sequence, as well as in additional ectopic sites that broaden the range of intron and intein mobility. Homing endonucleases can be divided into several unique families that are remarkable in several respects: they display extremely high DNA-binding specificities which arise from long DNA target sites (14-40 bp), they are tolerant of a variety of sequence variations in these sites, and they display disparate DNA cleavage mechanisms. A significant number of homing endonucleases also act as maturases (highly specific cofactors for the RNA splicing reactions of their cognate introns). Of the known homing group I endonuclease families, two (HNH and His-Cys box enzymes) appear to be diverged from a common ancestral nuclease. While crystal structures of several representatives of the LAGLIDADG endonuclease family have been determined, only structures of single members of the HNH (I-HmuI), His-Cys box (I-PpoI) and GIY-YIG (I-TevI) families have been elucidated. These studies provide an important source of information for structure-function relationships in those families, and are the centerpiece of this review. Finally, homing endonucleases are significant targets for redesign and selection experiments, in hopes of generating novel DNA binding and cutting reagents for a variety of genomic applications.
FTIR spectral study of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist S-145 and related compounds. 3. Conformation and activity of S-145 analogs (1991)

S-145, (+/-)-(5Z)-7-[3-endo-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]bicyclo[2.2.1] heptenoic acid, its chain analogues HO2C(CH2)nNHSO2Ph (n = 3-8, 10, and 11) 1-8, and (5Z)-9-(phenylsulfonyl) aminonon-5-enoic acid (9) were synthesized in order to elucidate the dependence of the conformation in solution and of the pharmacological activity on the side-chain length. Their FTIR spectra were measured in dilute CCl4 solution. For these compounds, intramolecular hydrogen bonds similar to those observed for S-145 were found between the carboxyl and sulfonamido groups. A linear relationship was also found between the percentage (rho) of the intramolecular hydrogen-bonded molecules and the n value. Compounds 1-9 were examined in vitro for inhibitory concentrations (IC50) against U-46619- and collagen-induced aggregations for rabbit and rat washed platelets (WP), respectively, and U-46619-induced contraction for rat aorta. Three kinds of TXA2 receptor antagonistic potencies [log(1/IC50)] showed parabolic correlations with the n value, though the rho value was in direct proportion to the n value. The log (1/IC50) values for 6 (n = 8), which forms a 12-membered ring similar to the one observed for S-145, were found to be maximal values in 1-8 and were comparable to those for BM-13177. In compounds 9 (rho = 83%) and S-145 (rho = 89%), the IC50 values of 41 and 2.9 nM for rat WP were 10 and 141 times lower than that of 6 (rho = 52%), respectively. In these compounds, which form the 12-membered ring, the inhibitory potencies increase as the rho value increases.
Metal/metal homoepitaxy on fcc(111) and fcc(001) surfaces: Deposition and scattering from small islands (1992)

For systems of a single chemical species, we investigate the dynamics of adsorption of a metal atom on a clean fcc(111) metal substrate and on a pyramidal defect built on the fcc(001) substrate; the defect extends three layers above the surface, with nine, four, and one atoms in each layer, respectively. Each face thus forms a small part of an fcc(111) face. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used where the interaction energy and the corresponding forces are generated from the recently developed non-self-consistent density functional based corrected effective medium (CEM) method in its simplest and computationally most efficient semiempirical MD/MC-CEM formulation. In previous work, the MD/MC-CEM form has been shown to predict the geometric and energetic properties of clean and adsorbate covered surfaces accurately. We show that there is no transient mobility for the Cu/Cu(111) system at a surface temperature of 80 K and an incident gas atom kinetic energy of 0.25 eV at incident angles up to 45° from the surface normal. This finding should hold for other homogeneous metal deposition systems since it arises from the fact that energy dissipation to the metal substrate is so efficient. For the Cu system, we determine that the cross section for sticking on the sides of the 14 atom pyramid varies from 9.0 to 37.2 Å2 for two MD/MC-CEM based potential energy surfaces (PES) differing only in the energetics of low coordination binding. Normalized to the aiming area, these give probabilities of 8.6% to 35.7%. Thus, it is shown that the low coordination region of the interaction strongly impacts the determination of growth modes, shifting from a funneling method giving two-dimensional (2D) layer by layer growth to a 3D mode, producing a rougher surface.
Conversion from subtypes of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer dementia (2007)

Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) showed a high probability to be diagnosed with Alzheimer dementia (AD) after 30 months. Subtypes of MCI were not useful in defining early stages of various types of dementia: Not only amnestic MCI but also nonamnestic MCI converted frequently to AD, and conversion to vascular dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies was not restricted to nonamnestic MCI.
Cryptographic smart cards (1996)

Smart cards have the tremendous advantage over their magnetic-stripe ancestors of being able to execute cryptographic algorithms in their internal circuitry. This means that the user's secrets (be these PIN codes or keys) never have to leave the boundaries of the tamper-resistant silicon chip, which brings maximum security to the overall system in which the cards participate. Smart cards also provide special-purpose microcontrollers with built-in, self-programmable memory. Together, these features make the cost of a malevolent attack far greater than the benefits. in 1996, 600 million IC cards will be manufactured throughout the world. This article surveys the existing crypto-dedicated microprocessors and describes some of their possible evolutions.
Immunogenicity and Safety of Defective Vaccinia Virus Lister: Comparison with Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (2002)

Potent and safe vaccinia virus vectors inducing cell-mediated immunity are needed for clinical use. Replicating vaccinia viruses generally induce strong cell-mediated immunity; however, they may have severe adverse effects. As a vector for clinical use, we assessed the defective vaccinia virus system, in which deletion of an essential gene blocks viral replication, resulting in an infectious virus that does not multiply in the host. The vaccinia virus Lister/Elstree strain, used during worldwide smallpox eradication, was chosen as the parental virus. The immunogenicity and safety of the defective vaccinia virus Lister were evaluated without and with the inserted human p53 gene as a model and compared to parallel constructs based on modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), the present "gold standard" of recombinant vaccinia viruses in clinical development. The defective viruses induced an efficient Th1-type immune response. Antibody and cytotoxic-T-cell responses were comparable to those induced by MVA. Safety of the defective Lister constructs could be demonstrated in vitro in cell culture as well as in vivo in immunodeficient SCID mice. Similar to MVA, the defective viruses were tolerated at doses four orders of magnitude higher than those of the wild-type Lister strain. While current nonreplicating vectors are produced mainly in primary chicken cells, defective vaccinia virus is produced in a permanent safety-tested cell line. Vaccines based on this system have the additional advantage of enhanced product safety. Therefore, a vector system was made which promises to be a valuable tool not only for immunotherapy for diseases such as cancer, human immunodeficiency virus infection, or malaria but also as a basis for a safer smallpox vaccine.
STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF EPROSARTAN IN PURE AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION (2010)

A simple, rapid and accurate and stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of Eprosartan in pure and tablet forms. The method showed a linear response for concentrations in the range of 2-12 µg/mL using Methanol: Acetonitrile: Buffer solution (Dissolve 0.02 M potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate in water. Adjust pH of solution to 6.85 with orthophosphoric acid) in the ratio (45:45:10) as the mobile phase with detection at 232 nm and a flow rate of 1 mL/min and retention time 7.1 min. The value of correlation coefficient, slope and intercept were, 0.9998, 1661.8 and 114.82, respectively. The method was validated for precision, recovery, ruggedness and robustness. The drug undergoes degradation under acidic, basic, photochemical and thermal degradation conditions. All the peaks of degraded product were resolved from the active pharmaceutical ingredient with significantly different retention time. As the method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation product, it can be employed as a stabilityindicating one.
Interleukin 6 Knockout Prevents Angiotensin II Hypertension (2010)

Chronic angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion stimulates interleukin (IL) 6 release, and we and others have shown that preventing the increase in IL-6 significantly attenuates Ang II hypertension. This study measured renal blood flow (RBF) chronically, using Transonic flow probes in wild-type (WT) and IL-6 knockout (KO) mice, to determine the role of RBF regulation in that response. Ang II infusion at 200, 800, and 3600 ng/kg per minute caused a dose-dependent decrease in RBF in WT mice, and the response at 800 ng/kg per minute was compared between WT and IL-6 KO mice. Ang II infusion increased plasma IL-6 concentration in WT mice and increased mean arterial pressure (19 h/d with telemetry) from 113±4 to 149±4 mm Hg (Δ36 mm Hg) over the 7-day infusion period, and that effect was blocked in IL-6 KO mice (119±7 to 126±7 mm Hg). RBF decreased to an average of 61±8% of control over the 7-day period (control: 0.86±0.02 mL/min) in the WT mice; however, the average decrease to 72±6% of control (control: 0.88±0.02 mL/min) in the KO mice was not significantly different. There also was no difference in afferent arteriolar constriction by Ang II in blood-perfused juxtamedullary nephrons in WT versus KO mice. Phosphorylation of janus kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in renal cortex homogenates increased significantly in Ang II-infused WT mice, and that effect was prevented completely in Ang II-infused IL-6 KO mice. These data suggest that IL-6-dependent activation of the renal janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway plays a role in Ang II hypertension but not by mediating the effect of Ang II to decrease total RBF.
Crystalline 3-methylaspartase from a facultative anaerobe, Escherichia coli strain YG1002 (1994)

Crystalline 3-methylaspartase (EC 4.3.1.2) from Escherichia coli strain YG1002 that had been isolated from soil was characterized. The enzyme activity was induced when the organism was grown statically on medium containing (S)-glutamic acid. Its molecular mass is about 84 kDa, and it may be composed of two identical subunits of 42 kDa. The enzyme requires both divalent and monovalent cations such as Mg2+ and K+, respectively. The enzyme catalyzes reversible amination-deamination between mesaconic acid and (2S,3S)-methylaspartic acid, which is the best substrate.
Luminescence and redox reactions of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited state of tricarbonylchloro-(polypyridyl)rhenium(I) complexes (1986)

The metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited state of tricarbonylchloro(polypyridyl)rhenium(I) complexes, [Re(CO)3(LL)(Cl)], (LL = 2,2-bipyridine, 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyrazine) is emissive in solution at room temperature and undergoes facile electron-transfer reactions with a variety of electron donor and acceptor molecules. Laser photolysis studies on three aspects of the excited-state photophysics and photoredox chemistry are described in this work: (a) sensitivity of the room-temperature absorption and emission to variation in the nature of the polypyridyl ligand and solvent; (b) excited-state absorption spectral features and (c) reversible and irreversible ‘reductive’ quenching (using various amines as electron donors) and their relevance to the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO.
Pharmacological studies of the new antiinflammatory agent 3-formylamino-7-methylsulfonylamino-6-phenoxy-4'-1-benzopyran-4-o ne. 2nd communication: effect on the arachidonic acid cascades. (1992)

The in vitro and in vivo effects of 3-formylamino-7-methylsulfonylamino-6-phenoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-on e (T-614, CAS 123663-49-0), a new antiinflammatory agent, on arachidonic acid metabolism were investigated in comparison with those of reference drugs. Although the inhibitory effect of T-614 on the synthesis of prostaglandins by rabbit renal microsomes was very weak (IC50 of 58 micrograms/ml), T-614 effectively inhibited the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) generation by mouse fibroblasts stimulated with bradykinin with an IC50 value of 0.47 micrograms/ml. The suppressive effect of T-614 on the PGE2 generation in fibroblasts was also found when cells were stimulated with Ca ionophore A23187, but not when induced with arachidonic acid. T-614 suppressed the A23187-induced PGE2 generation by rat macrophages, but not the leukotriene B4 production. In addition, 5-lipoxygenase activities in guinea-pig peritoneal exudated cells were not inhibited. In in vivo experiments, at doses of more than 1 mg/kg, T-614 reduced the PGE2 contents in inflammatory exudate of rat carrageenin-sponge type inflammation, but it was almost inactive in inhibiting gastric prostaglandins production up to 100 mg/kg. T-614 also did not affect the urinary PGE2 excretion in rats, and slightly inhibited the thromboxane synthesis in rat blood. Furthermore, the convulsion-induced increase of PGE2 in mouse brain was inhibited by T-614. These data suggest that T-614 inhibits the production of cyclooxgenase-mediated products with apparently different mode from classical non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and may partly explain the discrepancy in pharmacological properties between this compound and other drugs.