gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of glioblastoma cell growth following antisense oligonucleotide-mediated inhibition of fibroblast growth factor receptor expression (1999)

Astrocytes exhibit significant changes in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene expression during malignant progression. These changes include induction of FGFR1 and concomitant loss of FGFR2 expression. The induction of FGFR1 is believed to endow malignant astrocytes with a selective growth advantage. Glioblastoma (the most malignant form of astrocytoma) cell lines, which exhibit the same pattern of FGFR gene expression as glioblastoma biopsies, were used to evaluate the contribution of FGFR1 expression to glioblastoma cell growth. Addition of phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligonucleotides complementary to the initiation site or the alpha exon of the FGFR1 gene suppressed growth of human glioblastoma-derived cell lines. Reverse antisense controls or antisense oligonucleotide complementary to FGFR2 had no effect on proliferation. Consistent with its growth-suppressive effect, FGFR1 antisense oligonucleotides markedly reduced expression of both FGFR1 mRNA and high-affinity bFGF binding sites, whereas FGFR1 reverse antisense control oligonucleotide had no effect. Antisense oligonucleotide targeted to the alpha exon of the FGFR1 gene suppressed alpha and beta alternatively spliced FGFR1 mRNA isoforms but did not alter the expression of related FGFR family members. Fluorescein-labeled antisense and reverse control oligonucleotides demonstrated cellular uptake and nuclear accumulation. These results indicate that alterations in FGFR expression may contribute to malignant proliferation in human astrocytomas. These findings also illustrate the high degree of selectivity that can be obtained with antisense oligonucleotides, a property that is essential for employing these reagents therapeutically.
Platelets Stimulate Thromboplastin Synthesis in Human Endothelial Cells (1983)

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture synthesize thromboplastin upon stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The thromboplastin activity is further strongly enhanced in a time dependent reaction by the presence of gel-filtered platelets or platelet aggregates. This effect was demonstrable at platelet concentrations lower than those normally found in plasma, it may thus be of pathophysiological relevance. The thromboplastin activity increased with increasing number of platelets added. Cycloheximide inhibited the increase, suggesting that de novo synthesis of the protein component of thromboplastin, apoprotein III, is necessary. When care was taken to remove monocytes no thromboplastin activity and no apoprotein III antigen could be demonstrated in suspensions of gel-filtered platelets, platelets aggregated with thrombin or homogenized platelets when studied with a coagulation assay and an antibody neutralization technique.
Coherence coding for photonic code-division multiple access networks (1995)

We analyze a code-division multiple access technique where information is optically encoded by manipulating the coherence between a pair of transmitted signals. Key features are intrinsic security, operation of the receiver at only the bit rate of a single channel, and reconfiguration without switching optical delays, which are considerable advantages compared to previously proposed CDMA schemes. Experimental results demonstrating the basic operation of the scheme are presented. The performance limitations are calculated and novel implementations are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dual-Color Imaging of Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Dynamics, Viability, and Proliferation of Cancer Cells in the Portal Vein Area (2006)

We used dual-color in vivo cellular imaging to visualize trafficking, nuclear-cytoplasmic dynamics, and the viability of cancer cells after their injection into the portal vein of mice. For these studies, we used dual-color fluorescent cancer cells that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) linked to histone H2B in the nucleus and retroviral red fluorescent protein (RFP) in the cytoplasm. Human HCT-116-GFP-RFP colon cancer and mouse mammary tumor (MMT) cells were HCT-116-GFP-RFP in the portal vein of nude mice. The cells were observed intravitally in the liver at the single-cell level using the Olympus OV100 whole-mouse imaging system. Most HCT-116-GFP-RFP cells remained in sinusoids near peripheral portal veins. Only a small fraction of the cancer cells invaded the lobular area. Extensive clasmocytosis (destruction of the cytoplasm) of the HCT-116-GFP-RFP cells occurred within 6 hours. The number of apoptotic cells rapidly increased within the portal vein within 12 hours of injection. Apoptosis was readily visualized in the dual-color cells by their altered nuclear morphology. The data suggest rapid death of HCT-116-GFP-RFP cells in the portal vein. In contrast, dual-color MMT-GFP-RFP cells injected into the portal vein mostly survived in the liver of nude mice 24 hours after injection. Many surviving MMT-GFP-RFP cells showed invasive figures with cytoplasmic protrusions. The cells grew aggressively and formed colonies in the liver. However, when the host mice were pretreated with cyclophosphamide, the HCT-116-GFP-RFP cells also survived and formed colonies in the liver after portal vein injection. These results suggest that a cyclophosphamide-sensitive host cellular system attacked the HCT-116-GFP-RFP cells but could not effectively kill the MMT-GFP-RFP cells.
External radiotherapy in thyroid cancers (1985)

Surgery is the most effective treatment for thyroid cancer; however, in some subsets of patients, the role of radiotherapy (RT) is important. The main indication for external-beam RT is incomplete surgery. When neoplastic tissue is left behind at operation, RT must be considered, but only if an experienced surgeon feels that everything that can be done has been done. Generally, in those patients, the neoplastic tissue involves the larynx, trachea, esophagus, blood vessels or mediastinum. Of 539 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated at Villejuif, France, until 1976, 97 were treated by external radiotherapy after an incomplete surgical excision. Fifteen years after irradiation, the survival rate is 57% and is approximately 40% at 25 years. The relapse-free survival is lower (39% at 15 years). In patients irradiated with an adequate dose (greater than or equal to 50 Gy) to residual neoplastic tissue after incomplete surgery, the incidence of local recurrence is low (actuarial probability of local recurrence 11% at 15 years versus 23% for patients treated by surgery alone, although the irradiated patients had larger and more extensive tumors). This demonstrates the efficacy of external-beam radiotherapy. The effects of radiotherapy on a residual tumor can be monitored by a serum thyroglobulin assay. With regard to local control of tumors, the effectiveness of radioiodine administration is clearly lower. However, since radioiodine facilitates early detection of distant metastases, a combination of external RT and radioiodine is indicated and is well-tolerated. For inoperable patients, the results of RT are limited: although complete remissions are sometimes obtained, the incidence of local recurrence is high. External RT is effective in medullary carcinoma despite the slow shrinkage of the tumor after irradiation. Assay of the calcitonin level helps to monitor the effects of the treatment during follow-up and has demonstrated in some patients the efficacy of cervical RT. In undifferentiated cancers, the results of RT are poor. Combination of RT and chemotherapy are being explored despite the disappointing preliminary results of this combination.
A long data retention SOI-DRAM with the body refresh function (2002)

We have proposed a body refresh function and circuits for SOI DRAMs. The body refresh utilizes a swinging of the bit line and gives stable body potential, long dynamic data retention time and low power consumption without any increase in the chip area.
Measuring nanomechanical motion with an imprecision below the standard quantum limit (2010)

We report a room-temperature measurement of nanomechanical motion with an imprecision below the standard quantum limit (SQL), using cavity-enhanced optical near fields. Fundamental thermodynamical cavity frequency fluctuation limits the total imprecision to $3 \mathrm{dB}$ below the SQL at room temperature [corresponding to $(530 \mathrm{am}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}){}^{2}$ in absolute units] and is expected to reduce to negligible values at moderate cryogenic temperatures. Coupling strengths exceeding those required to reach the SQL by more than two orders of magnitude are achieved, allowing a shot-noise limited imprecision more than $10 \mathrm{dB}$ below the SQL. The transducer, thus, in principle, allows access to the quantum backaction dominated regime, a prerequisite for exploring quantum backaction, measurement-induced squeezing, and obtaining sub-SQL sensitivity using backaction evading techniques.
Carbon Loss from Graphite Cylinders Exposed to Steam for Short Times (1971)

The rate, extent, and spatial variation of carbon loss from a graphite cylinder exposed to steam has been calculated as a function of time. The geometrical arrangement considered was a hollow cylinder with a helium-steam mixture on the inside. At the outer boundary either a zero concentration or a zero steam flux may be maintained. The reaction was assumed to be first order. Changes in the rate of carbon removal with time other than those associated with establishing a steady-state steam concentration gradient were not considered.Calculations using constants derived from current experimental work lead one to conclude that the time needed to establish a concentration gradient is insignificant compared with the times for which the hot core of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor could be exposed to steam accidentally. This conclusion could change if much tighter graphites or more massive sections, equivalent to thicker cylinders in our analysis, were to be used.
Crystallinity and lateral crystallite size of different UHMW PE materials (1991)

Abstract Nascent high‐molecular‐weight (UHMW) polyethylene (PE) samples of different origins show a rather high crystallinity of about 70–75% and contain both a major portion of orthorhombic extended chain crystallites and a minor portion of triclinic crystallites. The triclinic content is greater the higher the molecular weight of the sample and the higher the activity of the used catalyser. A melting / recooling treatment results in a reduction of crystallinity by about 15–25% and disappearance of the triclinic phase. Further, an irreversible conversion of nascent orthorhombic extended chain crystallites to orthorhombic folded chain crystallites of increased lateral dimensions and crystalline perfections takes place during the melting / recooling treatment. The results are compared to those obtained for lower‐molecular‐weight PE samples and for high‐strength / modulus PE fibers of different origins.
Removal of lymphocyte surface molecules with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C: effects on mitogen responses and evidence that ThB and certain Qa antigens are membrane-anchored via phosphatidylinositol. (1987)

We reported previously that the Thy-1 antigen was released from murine thymocytes and thymoma cells by S. aureus-derived phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). It is therefore part of a small group of proteins known to use a unique form of membrane attachment. This finding has now been extended in studies with peripheral lymphocytes and additional leukocyte markers. Retention of viability and responsiveness to LPS were excellent in PI-PLC-treated spleen cells and there was no appreciable effect on lectin-binding surface glycoproteins. Thy-1 regeneration was insignificant on unstimulated spleen cells within 24 hr of treatment, but nearly complete at this time with a continuously dividing cell line. In contrast to the result with LPS, responses to the mitogens Con A, PHA, and PWM were virtually eliminated. Of more than 40 monoclonal antibodies tested, only staining with ThB and particular Qa specificities were diminished by PI-PLC treatment. The latter included Qa-2, Qa-4, Qa-5, and possibly also Qa-6, whereas Qa-1, TLa, and other class I and class II histocompatibility antigens were unaffected. Although the validity of the Qa results seems assured by the total PI-PLC resistance of many other lymphocyte antigens, the pattern of release was notably different from that observed with Thy-1 and ThB. That is, the density of Qa-2 was usually unchanged on a subpopulation of Qa-2-positive cells. This raises interesting questions about lymphocyte heterogeneity and flexibility in the use of this form of surface protein anchoring. Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked proteins may be functionally significant in immunological responses, and this experimental approach should continue to be valuable for their identification and characterization.
Adiponectin Agonist ADP355 Attenuates CCl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice (2014)

Liver fibrosis is a growing global health problem characterized by excess deposition of fibrillar collagen, and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Adiponectin is known to possess anti-fibrotic properties; however a high physiological concentration and multiple forms circulating in blood prohibit clinical use. Recently, an adiponectin-like small synthetic peptide agonist (ADP355: H-DAsn-Ile-Pro-Nva-Leu-Tyr-DSer-Phe-Ala-DSer-NH2) was synthesized for the treatment of murine breast cancer. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of ADP355 as an anti-fibrotic agent in the in vivo carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis model. Liver fibrosis was induced in eight-week old male C57BL/6J mice by CCl4-gavage every other day for four weeks before injection of a nanoparticle-conjugated with ADP355 (nano-ADP355). Control gold nanoparticles and nano-ADP355 were administered by intraperitoneal injection for two weeks along with CCl4-gavage. All mice were sacrificed after 6 weeks, and serum and liver tissue were collected for biochemical, histopathologic and molecular analyses. Biochemical studies suggested ADP355 treatment attenuates liver fibrosis, determined by reduction of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase ALT) and hydroxyproline. Histopathology revealed chronic CCl4-treatment results in significant fibrosis, while ADP355 treatment induced significantly reversed fibrosis. Key markers for fibrogenesis-α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase I (TIMP1) were also markedly attenuated. Conversely, liver lysates from ADP355 treated mice increased phosphorylation of both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and AMPK while AKT phosphorylation was diminished. These findings suggest ADP355 is a potent anti-fibrotic agent that can be an effective intervention against liver fibrosis.
Polydom: a secreted protein with pentraxin, complement control protein, epidermal growth factor and von Willebrand factor A domains (2000)

To identify extracellular proteins with epidermal growth factor (EGF) domains that are potentially involved in the control of haemopoiesis, we performed degenerate reverse-transcriptase-mediated PCR on the murine bone-marrow stromal cell line MS-5 and isolated a new partial cDNA encoding EGF-like domains related to those in the Notch proteins. Cloning and sequencing of the full-length cDNA showed that it encoded a new extracellular multi-domain protein that we named polydom. This 387kDa mosaic protein contained a signal peptide followed by a new association of eight different protein domains, including a pentraxin domain and a von Willebrand factor type A domain, ten EGF domains, and 34 complement control protein modules. The human polydom mRNA is strongly expressed in placenta, its expression in the other tissues being weak or undetectable. The particular multidomain structure of the encoded protein suggests an important biological role in cellular adhesion and/or in the immune system.
Transplantation of embryonic stem cells improves cardiac function in postinfarcted rats (2002)

Massive loss of cardiac myocytes after myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of heart failure. The present study was designed to investigate the improvement of cardiac function in MI rats after embryonic stem (ES) cell transplantation. MI in rats was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Cultured ES cells used for cell transplantation were transfected with the marker green fluorescent protein (GFP). Animals in the treated group received intramyocardial injection of ES cells in injured myocardium. Compared with the MI control group injected with an equivalent volume of the cell-free medium, cardiac function in ES cell-implanted MI animals was significantly improved 6 wk after cell transplantation. The characteristic phenotype of engrafted ES cells was identified in implanted myocardium by strong positive staining to sarcomeric alpha-actin, cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain, and troponin I. GFP-positive cells in myocardium sectioned from MI hearts confirmed the survival and differentiation of engrafted cells. In addition, single cells isolated from cell-transplanted MI hearts showed rod-shaped GFP-positive myocytes with typical striations. The present data demonstrate that ES cell transplantation is a feasible and novel approach to improve ventricular function in infarcted failing hearts.
Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery (2003)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction: Application of Nanoparticles for Noncancer Applications Physiological and Uptake of Particles Routes of Tissue and Cellular Uptake of Particles Uptake by Macrophages and Lymphoid Tissues Mucosal‐associated Lymphoid Tissues ( MALT ) Routes of Delivery Oral Nasal Pulmonary Transdermal/Subcutaneous Drug Delivery Ocular Delivery Anatomy of the Eye Pathology Drug Delivery Tolerability Future Prospects for Nanoparticles in Ocular Delivery Macrophage‐related Diseases Leishmaniasis Other Parasitic Infections Antifungal Treatment Drug Delivery Systems Tuberculosis Physiology and Pathology Treatment Future Prospects AIDS Pathology Treatment Nanoparticle Delivery Systems Vaccines and AIDS Vaccines Delivery Route Diabetes Treatment Delivery Routes Conclusions
The activities of the Escherichia coli MalK protein in maltose transport, regulation, and inducer exclusion can be separated by mutations (1991)

The maltose regulon consists of several genes encoding proteins involved in the uptake and utilization of maltose and maltodextrins. Five proteins make up a periplasmic binding-protein-dependent active transport system. One of these proteins, MalK, contains an ATP-binding site and is thought to couple the hydrolysis of ATP to the accumulation of substrate. Beside its function in transport, MalK has two additional roles: (i) it negatively regulates mal regulon expression and (ii) it serves as the target for regulation of transport activity by enzyme IIIGlc of the phosphotransferase system. To determine whether the three functions of MalK are separable, we have isolated and characterized three classes of malK mutations. The first type (class I) exhibited constitutive mal gene expression but still allowed normal transport of maltose; the second type (class II) lacked the ability to transport maltose but retained the ability to repress the mal genes. Class I mutations were localized in the last third of the gene, at amino acids 267 (Trp to Gly) and 346 (Gly to Ser). Mutations of class II were found at the positions 137 (Gly to Ala), 140 (delta Gln Arg), and 158 (Asp to Asn). These mutations are near or within the region of MalK that exhibits extensive homology to the B site of an ATP-binding fold. In addition, site-directed mutagenesis was used to add or remove one amino acid in the A site of the ATP-binding fold. Plasmids carrying these mutations also behaved as class II mutants. The third class of malK mutations resulted in resistance to the enzyme IIIGlc-mediated inhibitory effects of alpha-methylglucoside. These mutations did not interfere with the regulatory function of MalK. One of these mutations (exchanging a serine at position 282 for leucine) is located in a short stretch of amino acids that exhibits homology to a sequence in the Escherichia coli Lac permease in which alpha-methylglucoside-resistant mutations have been found.
Rapid disruption of intestinal barrier function by gliadin involves altered expression of apical junctional proteins (2005)

Coeliac disease is a chronic enteropathy caused by the ingestion of wheat gliadin and other cereal prolamines derived from rye and barley. In the present work, we investigated the mechanisms underlying altered barrier function properties exerted by gliadin-derived peptides in human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. We demonstrate that gliadin alters barrier function almost immediately by decreasing transepithelial resistance and increasing permeability to small molecules (4 kDa). Gliadin caused a reorganisation of actin filaments and altered expression of the tight junction proteins occludin, claudin-3 and claudin-4, the TJ-associated protein ZO-1 and the adherens junction protein E-cadherin.
Current-phase relation of high-T/sub c/ bicrystal and step-edge Josephson junctions (1997)

The real and imaginary part of the rf impedance of a phase-biased weak link based on YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ thin films were investigated experimentally at 77 K. The investigated weak links were step-edge or bicrystal Josephson junctions incorporated into a washer type superconducting ring with a small inductance L=80...300 pH. The ring was inductively coupled to a tank circuit with a resonant frequency of about 23 MHz. The phase shift /spl alpha/ between the rf voltage and rf current through the tank circuit was found to be a convenient measure of the change of inductance of a weak link. From the dependence of /spl alpha/ on the magnetic flux in the ring one can deduce the current-phase relation I(/spl phi/)=I/sub c/ f(/spl phi/) of the weak link. The influence of thermal noise on f(/spl phi/) was estimated numerically using a Gaussian distribution of the noise amplitude. The experimentally observed dependence /spl alpha/(/spl phi/) for the bicrystal weak link can be sufficiently good described with f(/spl phi/)=sin (/spl phi/) and with a reasonable value of the noise amplitude. The step-edge junction shows remarkable deviation from the sinusoidal current-phase relation.
Protective effect of rhubarb on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. (2001)

To approach the mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in causing acute lung injury (ALI) and the protective effect of rhubarb and dexamethasone, lung specimens were examined with macroscopy, microscopy, electron microscopy and the biological markers of ALI including lung wet/dry weight, the rate of neutrophils and protein content in the pulmonary alveolar lavage fluid, pulmonary capillary permeability and pulmonary alveolar permeability index were observed. The mechanism of the ALI is mainly due to direct injury of alveolar epithelium and pulmonary vascular endothelium. Rhubarb and dexamethasone could significantly reduce the edema of the lung tissue, decrease the red blood cell exudation, neutrophil infiltration and plasma protein exudation in the alveoli and all the biological markers in comparison with the ALI model rats, indicating they have protective action on vascular endothelium and alveolar epithelium.