gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Origin of Oligodendrocytes in the Subventricular Zone of the Adult Brain (2006)

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes (type B cells) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) generate large numbers of new neurons in the adult brain. SVZ stem cells can also generate oligodendrocytes in vitro, but it is not known whether these adult primary progenitors generate oligodendrocytes in vivo. Myelin repair and oligodendrocyte formation in the adult brain is instead associated with glial-restricted progenitors cells, known as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Here we show that type B cells also generate a small number of nonmyelinating NG2-positive OPCs and mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. Some type B cells and a small subpopulation of actively dividing type C (transit-amplifying) cells expressed oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (Olig2), suggesting that oligodendrocyte differentiation in the SVZ begins early in the lineage. Olig2-positive, polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule-positive, PDGF receptor alpha-positive, and beta-tubulin-negative cells originating in the SVZ migrated into corpus callosum, striatum, and fimbria fornix to differentiate into the NG2-positive nonmyelinating and mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, primary clonal cultures of type B cells gave rise to oligodendrocytes alone or oligodendrocytes and neurons. Importantly, the number of oligodendrocytes derived from type B cells in vivo increased fourfold after a demyelinating lesion in corpus callosum, indicating that SVZ astrocytes participate in myelin repair in the adult brain. Our work identifies SVZ type B cells as progenitors of oligodendrocytes in normal and injured adult brain.
Dynamic-covalent nanostructures prepared by Diels–Alder reactions of styrene-maleic anhydride-derived copolymers obtained by one-step cascade block copolymerization (2012)

Macromolecular star formation by Diels–Alder chemistry resulted in dynamic nanomaterials capable of reversibly demonstrating the properties of both linear and highly branched macromolecules. Well-defined block copolymers of maleic anhydride (MAn) and styrene [poly(styrene-alt-MAn)-b-polystyrene (P(S-alt-MAn)-b-PS)] were prepared via a one-pot cascade approach by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Subsequent ring opening of the anhydride groups in the P(S-alt-MAn) segments by amidation with furfurylamine led to the formation of block copolymers with pendant furan functionality. Diels–Alder reactions of the furan-functional block copolymer with a bismaleimide crosslinker resulted in core-crosslinked stars by an arm-first approach. Star-like structures were also prepared by first allowing the furan-functional block copolymers to pre-assemble into polymeric micelles in a solvent selective for the polystyrene block. Subsequent addition of a bismaleimide and heating to allow the Diels–Alder reaction resulted in core-crosslinked micelles with similar structures to the polymeric stars prepared by the arm-first approach. Regardless of the synthetic approach employed, the thermoreversibility of the Diels–Alder linkages within the cores rendered the stars/crosslinked micelles dynamic-covalent, as demonstrated by their ability to reversibly dissociate back to the individual arms on heating.
[Modulation of neuronal activities in the central nervous system via sigma receptors]. (2002)

Sigma receptors have recently been the target of drug development related to psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and depression, as well as cognitive enhancers. This paper focused on the sigma-receptor-mediated modulation of neuronal activity, especially the effects on aminergic neuron and hippocampal neuron activity. Dopaminergic neuron activities in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are variously modified by the systemic administration of sigma ligands. When applied with microiontophoresis, they are reported to increase dopaminergic neuron activity in the VTA. This activity may be involved in the psychotropic or antipsychotic effects of these ligands. Moreover, serotonergic neurons in the raphe nucleus and noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus were activated by sigma ligands. These effects are probably related to the antidepressant activity of sigma receptor ligands. In the hippocampus, sigma ligands suppressed CA1 neuronal activity in vitro. The effects were suggested to be due to an increase in the threshold of action potential and decreased synaptic transmission efficacy. NMDA receptor function was modified in biphasic fashion related to doses of sigma ligands, that is, a lower dose facilitated the NMDA receptor functions, and a higher dose inhibited them. These effects on the hippocampal neurons may contribute to their neuroprotective and antiamnesic actions. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relation between the physiological function of sigma receptor and psychiatric diseases by the use of sigma receptor ligands and molecular techniques.
Enteral Nutrition Enriched With Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Preserves Lean Body Mass Following Esophageal Cancer Surgery: Results of a Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial (2009)

EPA supplemented early EN is associated with preservation of lean body mass post esophagectomy compared with a standard EN. These properties may merit longer-term study to address its impact on recovery of function and quality of life in models of complex surgery or multimodal cancer treatment regimens.
Shear Stress Induces Synthetic-to-Contractile Phenotypic Modulation in Smooth Muscle Cells via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α/δ Activations by Prostacyclin Released by Sheared Endothelial Cells (2009)

These results indicate that laminar shear stress induces synthetic-to-contractile phenotypic modulation in SMCs through the activation of PPAR-alpha/delta by the EC-released PGI2. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the EC-SMC interplays and the protective homeostatic function of laminar shear stress in modulating SMC phenotype.
Electromagnetic methods for development and production: State of the art (1998)

Electrical and electromagnetic methods are a natural addition to the toolbox of a development and production geophysicist because formation resistivity is a strong function of the reservoir fluid saturation and temperature. Unfortunately, the high degree of cultural noise in developed oil fields has limited the use of surface electrical techniques, and the preponderance of steel well casings has limited the deployment of borehole tools in completed wells. The result is that, with the exception of open-hole logging, electrical methods are not routinely used in oil fields after the exploration phase is complete.
A Novel Approach to Interarea Oscillation Damping by Unified Power Flow Controllers Utilizing Ultracapacitors (2010)

This paper discusses a novel approach for damping interarea oscillations in a bulk power network using multiple unified power flow controllers (UPFCs) utilizing ultracapacitors, also known more generally as electrochemical capacitors (ECs). In this paper, a new control is introduced to mitigate interarea oscillations by directly controlling the UPFCs' sending and receiving bus voltages that better utilizes the stored energy in the ECs. The results of this controller are compared with and without ECs. The proposed control provides better interarea oscillation mitigation when applied to multiple UPFCs in the 118-bus IEEE test system.
Cytomegalovirus Infections After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (1990)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurs in approximately 50% of all recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants and is seen more frequently in CMV-seropositive patients than in CMV-seronegative patients. Sources of infection include reactivation of latent endogenous virus, blood products from CMV-seropositive blood donors, and the use of marrow from a CMV-seropositive donor for a CMV-seronegative recipient. The most common and severe clinical syndrome associated with CMV infection in allogeneic transplant recipients is interstitial pneumonia, which occurs in approximately 15% of patients. Risk factors for CMV pneumonia include old age, conditioning with total-body irradiation, and severe graft-vs.-host disease. The rapid diagnosis of CMV pneumonia has been facilitated by immunochemical staining of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or by centrifugation of cell cultures with CMV monoclonal antibodies. The treatment of CMV pneumonia remains problematic, but therapy with a combination of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) plus ganciclovir has resulted in survival rates substantially better than those achieved in previous trials of antiviral therapy. In CMV-seronegative patients, CMV infection and pneumonia can be prevented or modified by the use of CMV-seronegative blood products and IVIG. IVIG may also have the additional benefits of preventing other infectious complications and graft-vs.-host disease in patients receiving CMV-seronegative blood products. For CMV-seropositive patients, effective prophylaxis for CMV reactivation and pneumonia has not yet been established, but a clinical trial of prophylactic ganciclovir is now under way.
Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs : facts and fallacies : main topic (2003)

Inflammation is a defensive and protective response characterised by erythema,
pain, heat and oedema.
 The acute inflammatory response is initiated by tissue injury and mediated 
by autacoids, namely histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
 Normal gastrointestinal function depends on a balance between protective 
mechanisms and acid secretions.
 NSAIDs upset this balance by inhibiting the COX enzyme ( I and II) which 
convert arachidonic acid into prostaglandins.
 NSAIDs which selectively inhibit the COX II enzyme have emerged as 
effective therapy for inflammatory diseases, while leaving the COX I pathway 
intact.
 As they are selective rather than specific inhibitors of COX II, some inhibition 
of the COX I enzyme still occurs.
 NSAIDs, should always be used with caution, especially in patients at risk 
for gastrointestinal complications, fluid retention, heart failure and hypertension.
A digital-background calibration technique for minimizing timing-error effects in time-interleaved ADCs (2000)

Timing errors in time-interleaved ADC's often generate undesirable spurs, and hence, degrade the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of the ADC. In this paper, a digital-background calibration technique is proposed to minimize these effects. The proposed technique is based on digital interpolation, which estimates the correct output values from the output samples that suffer from timing errors. Since this technique requires an accurate estimation of the timing errors of the individual channels, a digital-background timing-error measurement technique is also proposed. Theoretical analysis, as well as simulation results, show that the calibration technique can greatly attenuate the spurs, and the SFDR can be significantly improved by 20-60 dB, depending on the digital hardware complexity and the ratio of sampling frequency and signal frequency. The major advantage of this technique is that all the calibration processes are carried out in the background using digital circuits, and only slight modification is required on the analog part of the ADC for obtaining a background estimation of the timing errors.
Structural and functional properties of mouse-human chimeric IgD (1992)

A gene encoding mouse-human chimeric secreted IgD was constructed using the rearranged murine variable region specific for the hapten dansyl and the genomic gene sequences for the constant region of the heavy (H) chain of human IgD. When expressed with the dansyl-specific chimeric light (L) chain, chimeric IgD specific for the hapten dansyl was synthesized and secreted as an H2L2 molecule. The pathway of assembly was H + L----HL----H2L2. The chimeric IgD heavy chain contains three N-linked carbohydrate moieties; one of these appears to be added co-translationally, and the other two appear to be added post-translationally. In secreted chimeric IgD some of the N-linked carbohydrate remains in the high mannose form. The chimeric IgD heavy chain also contains O-linked carbohydrate, which is added at the time of secretion. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation with tunicamycin halts assembly at the HL half-molecule stage and prevents secretion. Like natural human IgD, the chimeric IgD binds to and upregulates the IgD receptor (IgD-R) on human peripheral blood T cells, and it is equivalent to human myeloma IgD in the competitive inhibition of rosette formation between IgD-R-bearing cells and IgD-coated Ox-RBC, Cross-linking by dansyl-BSA is needed for the chimeric IgD in soluble form to cause IgD-R upregulation.
Expression of Semliki Forest virus proteins from cloned complementary DNA. II. The membrane-spanning glycoprotein E2 is transported to the cell surface without its normal cytoplasmic domain. (1983)

The E2 protein (422 amino acid residues long) of Semliki Forest virus is a spanning membrane protein which is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the infected cell and transported to the cell surface. The cytoplasmic domain of this protein comprises 31 amino acid residues. We introduced deletions of various sizes into the gene region encoding this part of the protein molecule and analyzed the transport behavior of the mutant proteins. The deletions were made using exonuclease digestions of cloned cDNA encoding the E2 protein. When the mutated DNA molecules, engineered into an expression vector, were introduced into nuclei of baby hamster kidney 21 cells, membrane proteins with cytoplasmic deletions were expressed and routed to the cell surface in the same way as the wild-type protein. This suggests that the cytoplasmic domain of the E2 protein does not carry information that is needed for its transport from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface.
Design and Study of New Organic Polymer Crystals and Thin Films. (1983)

Physical studies of nonlinear optical properties of organic and polymer structures have demonstrated exceptionally large second and third order nonlinear optical responses that are important to the fields of nonlinear optics and optical device technologies. These unusual responses have been exhibited by a large number of structures, phases, and states that include organic solids and films, single crystal polymers, Langmuir-Blodgett films, liquid crystals, and liquid crystal polymers. Experimental and theoretical studies of such systems have achieved significant advances in the understanding of these exceptional macroscopic nonlinear optical responses based on theoretically calculated microscopic electronic mechanisms, especially the role of electron-electron correlations and highly charge correlated electron excited states. Combined theory and experiment has led to the recent discovery of liquid crystal polymerization of divinyldiacetylene monomers to form highly conjugated liquid crystal polymers exhibiting large second and third order nonlinear optical responses.
Herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gC-1 and gC-2 bind to the third component of complement and provide protection against complement-mediated neutralization of viral infectivity. (1987)

Cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) form rosettes with C3b-coated erythrocytes, whereas cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) or other herpes viruses do not. It was reported that glycoprotein C of HSV-1 (gC-1) mediates the binding of C3b-coated erythrocytes to infected cells and has regulatory (decay-accelerating) activity for the alternative pathway C3 convertase of human complement. We show here that solubilized gC-1 binds to iC3-Sepharose affinity columns. We also report that solubilized gC-2, the genetically related glycoprotein specified by HSV-2, binds to iC3-Sepharose. mAb specific for gC-1 or gC-2 and mutant viral strains were used to identify the C3-binding glycoproteins. In other experiments, HSV-1 mutant strains and recombinants, differing only in their expression of gC, were tested for sensitivity to neutralization by human complement in the presence or absence of antibodies specific for HSV gD. In either case the gC- strain was most sensitive. Expression of gC-1 or gC-2 by isogenic insertion mutants provided protection against complement-mediated neutralization. These results indicate that the genetically and structurally related gC-1 and gC-2 share the functional activity of binding to human C3 and enhance viral infectivity.
Langerhans cells utilize CD1a and langerin to efficiently present nonpeptide antigens to T cells (2004)

Langerhans cells (LCs) constitute a subset of DCs that initiate immune responses in skin. Using leprosy as a model, we investigated whether expression of CD1a and langerin, an LC-specific C-type lectin, imparts a specific functional role to LCs. LC-like DCs and freshly isolated epidermal LCs presented nonpeptide antigens of Mycobacterium leprae to T cell clones derived from a leprosy patient in a CD1a-restricted and langerin-dependent manner. LC-like DCs were more efficient at CD1a-restricted antigen presentation than monocyte-derived DCs. LCs in leprosy lesions coexpress CD1a and langerin, placing LCs in position to efficiently present a subset of antigens to T cells as part of the host response to human infectious disease.
Technical review of the da Vinci surgical telemanipulator (2012)

Knowledge of the technical aspects of the da Vinci robot is important for optimal use. We confirmed the excellent system functionality and ease of use for surgeons without an engineering background. Research and development of the surgical robot has been predominant in the literature. Future trends address robot miniaturization and intelligent control design.
Therapeutic Antisense Oligonucleotides Are Coming of Age (2019)

The first published description of therapeutic applications of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) technology occurred in the late 1970s and was followed by the founding of commercial companies focused on developing antisense therapeutics in the late 1980s. Since the late 1980s, there has been steady progress in improving the technology platform, taking advantage of advances in oligonucleotide chemistry and formulations as well as increased understanding of the distribution and safety of ASOs. There are several approved ASO drugs and a broad pipeline in development. In addition, advances in understanding human disease, including the genetic basis for most monogenic diseases and the availability of the full human genome sequence, have created numerous therapeutic applications for the technology. I summarize the state of the technology and highlight how advances in the technology position ASOs to be an important contributor to future medicines.
Heteroduplex DNA Correction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Mismatch Specific and Requires Functional PMS Genes (1989)

In vitro-constructed heteroduplex DNAs with defined mismatches were corrected in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells with efficiencies that were dependent on the mismatch. Single-nucleotide loops were repaired very efficiently; the base/base mismatches G/T, A/C, G/G, A/G, G/A, A/A, T/T, T/C, and C/T were repaired with a high to intermediate efficiency. The mismatch C/C and a 38-nucleotide loop were corrected with low efficiency. This substrate specificity pattern resembles that found in Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae, suggesting an evolutionary relationship of DNA mismatch repair in pro- and eucaryotes. Repair of the listed mismatches was severely impaired in the putative S. cerevisiae DNA mismatch repair mutants pms1 and pms2. Low-efficiency repair also characterized pms3 strains, except that correction of single-nucleotide loops occurred with an efficiency close to that of PMS wild-type strains. A close correlation was found between the repair efficiencies determined in this study and the observed postmeiotic segregation frequencies of alleles with known DNA sequence. This suggests an involvement of DNA mismatch repair in recombination and gene conversion in S. cerevisiae.
Road talk: a roadside location-dependent audio message system for car drivers (2005)

We present the Road Talk application which is a mobile message system for car drivers. It is designed to allow messaging while driving, for instance, sending notes to surrounding drivers to tell them about hazards. The user annotates the road with audio recordings, typically voice memos. This annotation is location-based, which means that messages are automatically coupled to the location where the audio was recorded. When another driver coincides with this location the audio file is automatically played. In the background, messages are also shared with fellow car drivers. This distribution draws on wireless mobile ad hoc networking (MANET) and the physical movement of vehicles. We designed messages to spread 'epidemically', since MANETs between vehicles are often disconnected. Messages hop from one car to the other when there is coverage and then passively travel some physical distance. Then they hop again when coverage reappears. The design of Road Talk is motivated and informed by a statistical analysis of commercially available systems for distributing warnings of speed trap events. These events occur where police monitors conformance to speed limits and although our intention is not to improve these services the analysis gave insights in, for example, temporal and spatial occurrences of roadside location-dependent messages.
Late transition metal oxo and imido complexes. 11. Gold(I) oxo complexes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLate transition metal oxo and imido complexes. 11. Gold(I) oxo complexesYi Yang, Visalakshi Ramamoorthy, and Paul R. SharpCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 10, 1946–1950Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00062a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00062a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views958Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Patient-reported preferences for oral versus intravenous administration for the treatment of cancer: a review of the literature (2016)

Evidence suggests that oncology patients prefer oral treatment to IV. Rationale for preference was due to a number of factors, including convenience, perception of efficacy, and past experience. Further evaluation should be conducted, given the limited data on patient preference in oncology.
Nerve Agents Detection Using a Cu2+/l-Cysteine Bilayer-Coated Microcantilever (2003)

A Cu2+/l-cysteine bilayer-coated microcantilever undergoes bending upon exposure to dimethyl methyl phosphonate at concentration as low as 10-15 M due to the complexation of a phosphonyl group with the Cu2+/l-cysteine bilayer on the microcantilever surface.