gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation and Regulatory Role of γ-Carboxyglutamic Acid Containing Clotting Factors (1996)

Blood coagulation is initiated following damage of the vessel wall. The large number of proteins that participate in the reactions that regulate blood coagulation must behave in a concerted manner to generate alpha-thrombin. This most abundant enzyme product of the coagulation process acts on the soluble blood protein fibrinogen to create the insoluble fibrin clot, trigger platelet activation, and initiate a variety of vascular processes ranging from coagulation inhibition and activation of fibrinolysis to cell growth. The majority of enzymes that participate in the blood-clotting process circulate in blood as inactive zymogens and procofactors. Following mechanical injury to the vessel wall, a cell-associated protein, tissue factor, is exposed and initiates a series of enzymatic reactions localized on a membrane surface generally provided by cells and accumulating platelets. The binding of the enzymes and zymogen substrates to the exposed membrane surface and their activation are in part governed by the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues (gla) of each protein. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the gla residues are necessary for Ca2+ binding and subsequent exposure of the hydrophobic membrane binding regions to the cell bilayer. Thus, the gla residues play a preeminent role during the blood-clotting process. Absence of gamma-carboxylation of one or more of the critical glutamic acid residues results in an impaired coagulation/anticoagulation process which may lead to a bleeding diathesis or thrombosis.
A review of pre-clinical testing of femoral stem subsidence and comparison with clinical data (2007)

Immediate postoperative stability of femoral stems is one of the key factors for the long-term success of total hip replacement. The need to develop a reliable technique to assess in vitro implant stability under physiological loading conditions is widely recognized. A critical review of the in vitro techniques developed for the assessment of implant stability is presented. In vitro predictions of subsidence are compared to in vivo clinical data available from Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) studies. Limited correlation between in vitro predictions of stability and clinical measurements of subsidence obtained through RSA data was found even though similar migration patterns could be distinguished.
Transcobalamin II receptor imaging via radiolabeled diethylene-triaminepentaacetate cobalamin analogs. (1997)

The radiolabeled DTPA cobalamin analogs are biologically active. Preliminary animal studies suggest that the analogs could be effective in vivo transcobalamin II receptor imaging agents.
A new approach to on-demand loop-free multipath routing (2003)

We present and verify ROAM, an on-demand routing algorithm that maintains multiple loop-free paths to destinations. Each router maintains entries only for those destinations for which data flows through the router which reduces storage space requirements and the amount of bandwidth needed to maintain correct routing tables. In ROAM, routes are established and maintained on demand using diffusing computations. A router does not send updates for active destinations, unless its distance to them increases beyond a given threshold. ROAM maintains a state that informs routers when a destination is unreachable and prevents routers from sending unnecessary search packets attempting to find paths to an unreachable destination. ROAM is shown to converge in a finite time after an arbitrary sequence of topological changes and is shown to be loop-free at every instant. The time and communication complexities of ROAM are analyzed.
DEspR Roles in Tumor Vasculo-Angiogenesis, Invasiveness, CSC-Survival and Anoikis Resistance: A ‘Common Receptor Coordinator’ Paradigm (2014)

A priori, a common receptor induced in tumor microvessels, cancer cells and cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) that is involved in tumor angiogenesis, invasiveness, and CSC anoikis resistance and survival, could underlie contemporaneous coordination of these events rather than assume stochasticity. Here we show that functional analysis of the dual endothelin1/VEGFsignal peptide receptor, DEspR, (formerly named Dear, Chr.4q31.2) supports the putative common receptor paradigm in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and glioblastoma (GBM) selected for their invasiveness, CD133+CSCs, and polar angiogenic features. Unlike normal tissue, DEspR is detected in PDAC and GBM microvessels, tumor cells, and CSCs isolated from PDAC-Panc1 and GBM-U87 cells. DEspR-inhibition decreased angiogenesis, invasiveness, CSC-survival and anoikis resistance in vitro, and decreased Panc1-CSC and U87-CSC xenograft tumor growth, vasculo-angiogenesis and invasiveness in nude(nu/nu) rats, suggesting that DEspR activation would coordinate these tumor progression events. As an accessible, cell-surface 'common receptor coordinator', DEspR-inhibition defines a novel targeted-therapy paradigm for pancreatic cancer and glioblastoma.
특집 : 재미동포의 민족정체성의 현실과 과제 (2013)

The purpose of this research paper is to identify crucial factors which have contributed to the preservation of the national identity of Koreans in America. To perform this task, this paper conducted a survey research of Koreans who have lived in the Los Angeles County, and then performed a logistic regression analysis of the survey data in order to figure out which factors exerted influence over the overseas Koreans` national identity. Holding the other variables constant, this research revealed that age, the degree of contact with Korean culture, citizenship, and political ideology have statistically significant effects on the maintenance of their national identity. In particular, this study uncovered that it is very important to provide overseas Koreans with an opportunity for them to be exposed to Korean culture in order to sustain and strengthen their national identity.
Far-red fluorescent tags for protein imaging in living tissues (2009)

A vast colour palette of monomeric fluorescent proteins has been developed to investigate protein localization, motility and interactions. However, low brightness has remained a problem in far-red variants, which hampers multicolour labelling and whole-body imaging techniques. In the present paper, we report mKate2, a monomeric far-red fluorescent protein that is almost 3-fold brighter than the previously reported mKate and is 10-fold brighter than mPlum. The high-brightness, far-red emission spectrum, excellent pH resistance and photostability, coupled with low toxicity demonstrated in transgenic Xenopus laevis embryos, make mKate2 a superior fluorescent tag for imaging in living tissues. We also report tdKatushka2, a tandem far-red tag that performs well in fusions, provides 4-fold brighter near-IR fluorescence compared with mRaspberry or mCherry, and is 20-fold brighter than mPlum. Together, monomeric mKate2 and pseudo-monomeric tdKatushka2 represent the next generation of extra-bright far-red fluorescent probes offering novel possibilities for fluorescent imaging of proteins in living cells and animals.
Functional activity and regulation of human beta 2-adrenergic receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. (1987)

The recently cloned human beta-adrenergic cDNA and several mutated forms have been expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by injection of RNA made from the cDNA under the control of the bacteriophage SP6 promoter. The cDNA and gene of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor possess the unusual feature of having a second upstream ATG (-101 base pairs) and a 19-codon open reading frame 5' to the initiator methionine codon of the receptor (Kobilka, B. K., Dixon, R. A. F., Frielle, T., Dohlman, H. G., Bolanowski, M., Sigal, I. S., Yang-Feng, T. L., Francke, U., Caron, M. G., and Lefkowitz, R. J. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 46-50). RNA lacking this upstream AUG and open reading frame was translated approximately 10-fold more efficiently both in an in vitro rabbit reticulocyte system and in oocytes. Injected oocytes but not water injected controls expressed typical beta 2-adrenergic receptors as assessed by ligand binding (450 fmol/mg membrane protein) and catecholamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase (approximately 20 fold). Moreover, these receptors displayed typical agonist-induced homologous desensitization when oocytes were incubated with isoproterenol at room temperature for 3-24 h. Among a series of mutations, truncations of the membrane-anchored core of the receptor eliminated receptor binding and cyclase stimulating activity. In contrast, disruption of one of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sites or removal of the serine/threonine-rich carboxyl terminus had little or no effect on these functions or on the extent of agonist-induced desensitization relative to that observed with native receptor. These studies validate the beta 2-adrenergic nature of the cloned human beta-adrenergic cDNA, document the utility of the Xenopus oocyte system for studying functional and regulatory properties of receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase, and suggest the possibility that elements in the 5' untranslated region of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor RNA may regulate its translation in vivo.
Monoubiquitylation: a recurrent theme in membrane protein transport. (2006)

Polyubiquitylation of cellular proteins has long been recognized as a prelude to a degradative fate in proteasomes. In recent years, however, ubiquitin conjugation has emerged as a regulatory strategy of considerable versatility. Most notably, monoubiquitylation is attributed an intimate role in trafficking of membrane proteins between various cellular compartments. Diverse classes of transmembrane proteins from across the eukaryotic spectrum (e.g., epidermal growth factor-receptor and other receptor tyrosine kinases) become modified with monoubiquitin molecules. Monoubiquitylation of substrates, in turn, regulates both their endocytosis at the plasma membrane and sorting in endosomes for delivery to lysosomes or vacuoles. A mechanistic rationale lies in the identification of a growing list of ubiquitin-binding domains carried by a variety of endocytic adaptor proteins. Thus, ubiquitin-conjugated membrane proteins may form extensive contacts with the endocytic machinery. Further, ubiquitin-binding adaptors and other endocytic components are, likewise, often monoubiquitylated. In this case, ubiquitin conjugation may serve to enhance intermolecular avidity in cargo-bound endocytic complexes, or alternatively, to mediate timely inactivation of ubiquitin-binding adaptors. Interestingly, the ubiquitin/endocytosis interface is appropriated by pathogenic organisms, for instance, during budding of viruses from host-infected cells. Moreover, compromised ubiquitin-mediated transport of certain signaling receptors is associated with disease states, including oncogenic transformation.
A randomized double blind crossover placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the effects of a mouthwash containing chlorine dioxide on oral malodor (2008)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00655772.
Suppression of c-Jun/AP-1 activation by an inhibitor of tumor promotion in mouse fibroblast cells. (1991)

Curcumin, a dietary pigment responsible for the yellow color of curry, is a potent inhibitor of tumor promotion by phorbol esters. Functional activation of transcriptional factor c-Jun/AP-1 is believed to play an important role in signal transduction of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced tumor promotion. Suppression of the c-Jun/AP-1 activation by curcumin is observed in mouse fibroblast cells. In vitro experiments indicate that inhibition of c-Jun/AP-1 binding to its cognate motif by curcumin may be responsible for the inhibition of c-Jun/AP-1-mediated gene expression. These findings show that the effect of curcumin on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced inflammation/tumor promotion could be studied at the molecular level.
A phase II, non-randomized study of abraxane plus carboplatin in patients with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer: Evaluation of side effects and tolerability (2008)

16556 Background: Paclitaxel and carboplatin are currently used as a standard therapy for recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. However Paclitaxel is solubilized in cremophor which is responsible for some paclitaxel associated hypersensitivity. Abraxane is a Cremophor EL-free, albumin-bound nanoparticle paclitaxel developed to reduce the toxicities associated with Cremophor. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Abraxane for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer. Methods: Patients with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma with Measurable Disease to receive Abraxane: 100 mg/m2: day 1, 8, 15, and Carboplatin AUC 5 day 1 every 28 days intravenously for 6 cycles. Response rate and safety will be assessed. 22 patients enrolled. Results: 19 patients completed 6 cycles of chemotherapy with partial or complete response. No hypersensitivity reaction was reported. 4 cases of more than Grade 3 neutropenia were found and 2 cases of more than grade 3 thrombocytopenia and 4 cases needed blood transfusion. 3 patients did not complete the 6 six cycles because of Carboplatin toxicity, severe thrombocytopenia, and progression of the disease respectively. Conclusions: Abraxane could be used to prevent paclitaxel hypersesitivity reaction HSR. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Depression, anxiety, and resting frontal EEG asymmetry: A meta-analytic review. (2006)

Emotion-related disturbances, such as depression and anxiety, have been linked to relative right-sided resting frontal electroencephalograph (EEG) asymmetry among adults and infants of afflicted mothers. However, a somewhat inconsistent pattern of findings has emerged. A meta-analysis was undertaken to (a) evaluate the magnitude of effects across EEG studies of resting frontal asymmetry and depression, anxiety, and comorbid depression and anxiety and (b) determine whether certain moderator variables could help reconcile inconsistent findings. Moderate effects of similar magnitude were obtained for the depression and anxiety studies, whereas a smaller effect emerged for comorbid studies. Three moderating variables predicted effect sizes: (a) Shorter EEG recording periods were associated with larger effects among adults, (b) different operationalizations of depression yielded effects of marginally different magnitudes, and (c) younger infant samples showed larger effects than older ones. The current data support a link between resting frontal EEG asymmetry and depression and anxiety and provide a partial account of inconsistent findings across studies.
IL-13 Is Required for Eosinophil Entry into the Lung during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine-Enhanced Disease (2008)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children. Children previously vaccinated with a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine experienced enhanced morbidity and mortality upon natural RSV infection. Histological analysis revealed the presence of eosinophils in the pulmonary infiltrate of the vaccinated children. Eosinophils are characteristic of Th2 responses, and Th2 cells are known to be necessary to induce pulmonary eosinophilia in RSV-infected BALB/c mice previously immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus (vv) expressing the RSV G protein (vvG). Using IL-13-deficient mice, we find that IL-13 is necessary for eosinophils to reach the lung parenchyma and airways of vvG-immunized mice undergoing RSV challenge infection. IL-13 acts specifically on eosinophils as the magnitude of pulmonary inflammation, RSV G protein-specific CD4 T cell responses, and virus clearance were not altered in IL-13-deficient mice. After RSV challenge, eosinophils were readily detectable in the blood and bone marrow of vvG-immunized IL-13-deficient mice, suggesting that IL-13 is required for eosinophils to transit from the blood into the lung. Pulmonary levels of CCL11 and CCL22 protein were significantly reduced in IL-13-deficient mice indicating that IL-13 mediates the recruitment of eosinophils into the lungs by inducing the production of chemokines important in Th2 cell and eosinophil chemotaxis.
ETS‐1 converts endothelial cells to the angiogenic phenotype by inducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and integrin β3 (1999)

The transcription factor ETS-1 is induced in endothelial cells (ECs) by angiogenic growth factors and the specific elimination of ETS-1 synthesis by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibited angiogenesis in vitro (Iwasaka et al., 1996, J Cell Physiol 169:522–531). To understand the precise role of ETS-1 in angiogenesis, we established both high and low ETS-1 expression EC lines and compared angiogenic properties of these cell lines with those of the parental murine EC line, MSS-31. Although growth rate was almost identical for each cell line, the invasiveness was markedly enhanced in high ETS-1 expression cells and reduced in low ETS-1 expression cells compared with that of parental cells. The gene expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9) and gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 were significantly increased in high ETS-1 expression cells. Low ETS-1 expression cells could not spread on a vitronectin substratum, and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase was markedly impaired because of the reduced expression of integrin β3. These results indicate that ETS-1 is a principal regulator that converts ECs to the angiogenic phenotype. J Cell Physiol 178:121–132, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Three Regions within Acta Promote Arp2/3 Complex-Mediated Actin Nucleation and Listeria monocytogenes Motility (2000)

The Listeria monocytogenes ActA protein induces actin-based motility by enhancing the actin nucleating activity of the host Arp2/3 complex. Using systematic truncation analysis, we identified a 136-residue NH(2)-terminal fragment that was fully active in stimulating nucleation in vitro. Further deletion analysis demonstrated that this fragment contains three regions, which are important for nucleation and share functional and/or limited sequence similarity with host WASP family proteins: an acidic stretch, an actin monomer-binding region, and a cofilin homology sequence. To determine the contribution of each region to actin-based motility, we compared the biochemical activities of ActA derivatives with the phenotypes of corresponding mutant bacteria in cells. The acidic stretch functions to increase the efficiency of actin nucleation, the rate and frequency of motility, and the effectiveness of cell-cell spread. The monomer-binding region is required for actin nucleation in vitro, but not for actin polymerization or motility in infected cells, suggesting that redundant mechanisms may exist to recruit monomer in host cytosol. The cofilin homology sequence is critical for stimulating actin nucleation with the Arp2/3 complex in vitro, and is essential for actin polymerization and motility in cells. These data demonstrate that each region contributes to actin-based motility, and that the cofilin homology sequence plays a principal role in activation of the Arp2/3 complex, and is an essential determinant of L. monocytogenes pathogenesis.
Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy (1973)

disease is not yet clearly known, but surgeons at last have an operation of real immediate benefit to offer.
Polymer Compatibilization Through Hydrogen Bonding (1984)

Abstract Partially modified polystyrene containing vinyl phenyl hexafluorodimethyl carbinol was mixed with a number of counterpolymers containing poly(vinyl-acetate), poly(methyl methacry1 ate), poly(ethy] methacrylate, poly (n-butyl methacry late), poly(viny] methyl ether), poly(2,6 dimethyl-1,4 phenylene oxide), bisphenol A polycarbonate poly(styrene-co-acryloni-trile), poly (dimethyl siloxane), a crystallizable polyester, an amorphous polyamide and two amorphous polyamides. Hydrogen bonding interactions to effect miscibility were related to the number of proton donating groups in the modified polystyrene, and these were studied in regard to lower critical solution temperatures and the glass transition temperatures of the hydrogen bonded blends.
A real-time spoken- language system for interactive problem-solving (1990)

SRI is developing a system to improve complex problem-solving through the use of interactive spoken language in conjunction with other media. This requires real-time performance, large vocabulary, high semantic accuracy and habitability, as well as robustness to expected and unexpected variability. SRI's spoken-language system is being developed in the air travel planning domain along two overlapping research and development lines, one focussed on an SLS kernel for database query, and the other on the full interactive system.
Limited Induction of Tumor Cross-Reactive T Cells without a Measurable Clinical Benefit in Early Melanoma Patients Vaccinated with Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I–Modified Peptides (2012)

Adjuvant setting is an appealing approach for testing cancer vaccines because specific CD8(+) T cells can be efficiently induced in most vaccinated patients. However, the marginal antitumor activity of the T cells induced by modified peptides in this study largely accounts for the observed lack of benefit of vaccination. These findings suggest reconsidering this immunization strategy, particularly in early disease.
Receptors and cGMP signalling mechanism for E. coli enterotoxin in opossum kidney (1988)

Receptors for the heat-stable enterotoxin produced by Escherichia coli were found in the kidney and intestine of the North American opossum and in cultured renal cell lines. The enterotoxin markedly increased guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) production in slices of kidney cortex and medulla, in suspensions of intestinal mucosa, and in the opossum kidney (OK) and rat kangaroo kidney (PtK-2) cell lines. In contrast, atrial natriuretic factor elicited much smaller increases in cGMP levels of kidney, intestine, or cultured kidney cell lines. The enterotoxin receptors in OK cells had a molecular mass of approximately 120 kDa when measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of receptors crosslinked with 125I-enterotoxin. The occurrence of receptors for the E. coli peptide in OK implies that these receptors may be involved in the regulation of renal tubular function in the opossum. E. coli enterotoxin caused a much larger increase in urine cGMP excretion (10- to 50-fold over control) than did atrial natriuretic factor when these peptides were injected intravenously into opossums. However, atrial natriuretic factor elicited a marked diuresis, natriuresis, and increased urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, potassium, and magnesium. In contrast, the enterotoxin did not acutely influence OK fluid and electrolyte excretion. Thus the substantial increase in cGMP synthesis produced by the bacterial peptide in OK cortex and medulla in vitro and the increased renal excretion of cGMP in vivo were not associated with changes in electrolyte or water excretion. Whether cGMP represents a second messenger molecule in the kidney is an interesting question that was raised but not answered in this series of experiments.