gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization, and properties of novel polyisobutylene‐based urethane model networks (1987)

Abstract This paper concerns the synthesis, characterization, and physical properties of novel polyisobutylene (PIB)‐based urethane model networks prepared from diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and three‐arm star PIBs capped with CH 2 OH end groups (PIB(CH 2 OH) 3 ). The PIB(CH 2 OH) 3 starting materials were produced by the inifer method in the M̄ n = 13,550–27,000 range. The best networks were obtained with NCO : OH = 1. Solvent extractions showed uncatalyzed network formation to be essentially complete and swelling studies indicated the expected architecture, i.e., M̄ c = 2 M̄ n /3 and virtual absence of dangling chains. Stannous octoate was found to increase the rate of network formation in the absence of side reactions (i.e., allophanate formation), while other catalysts also accelerated undesirable reactions. The effect of molecular weight between crosslinks ( M̄ c ) on network physical properties has been studied in the M̄ c = 900–18,500 range. The tensile strength increases with decreasing M̄ c up to a limiting value after which it sharply declines. Elongations at break decrease monotonously with decreasing M̄ c . Low temperature tensile studies show higher tensile data at −20°C, and, surprisingly, a retention of elongations at break. The T g 's decrease with increasing M̄ c 's until a plateau is reached at −73°C. Hysteresis is fairly constant and permanent set is constant and low. The PIB‐based urethane networks exhibit excellent hydrolytic stability, negligible moisture absorption, and outstanding heat‐aging stability, far beyond what is expected for a polyurethane. Conceivably the thermal deblocking of the urethane group may be reversible (NHCOOCH 2 ⇌ NCO + HOCH 2 ) because the isocyanate that arises in the highly hydrophobic PIB matrix recombines with the alcohol, and cannot react with moisture as in conventional urethane networks.
Nonspecificity of the Gibbs reaction (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonspecificity of the Gibbs reactionJack C. DacreCite this: Anal. Chem. 1971, 43, 4, 589–591Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60299a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60299a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Formulation and Aerosol Delivery of Recombinant Deoxyribonucleic Acid Derived Human Deoxyribonuclease I (1994)

Purulent lung secretions from most patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) have high concentrations of DNA (3-14 mg/mL). Human DNase produced by recombinant DNA technology (rhDNase) can improve the rheological properties of CF sputum. We report here the formulation and aerosol delivery by jet nebulizers of rhDNase. Although the developed formulation must provide 1-2 years of stability on storage it also must meet additional requirements that are unique to its delivery as an aerosol. First, the formulation must not cause adverse pulmonary reactions such as cough bronchoconstriction. Secondly, the formulation components should not interfere with the nebulizer performance. For example, the amount of product that is generated as an aerosol should not be decreased, and the desired size distribution (~1 to 6 µm) should not be altered by formulation components. Finally, the formulation also must stabilize the rhDNase sufficiently to ensure that the protein survives the rigors of the nebulization process. We present here the characterization of the physical properties of rhDNase aerosols (droplet size distribution, composition and quantity of rhDNase solution converted to an aerosol), and the chemical and physical stability of rhDNase before and after the nebulization process.
Tocotrienols inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells irrespective of estrogen receptor status (1998)

Potential antiproliferative effects of tocotrienols, the major vitamin E component in palm oil, were investigated on the growth of both estrogen-responsive (ER+) MCF7 human breast cancer cells and estrogen-unresponsive (ER-) MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, and effects were compared with those of alpha-tocopherol (alphaT). The tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) of palm oil inhibited growth of MCF7 cells in both the presence and absence of estradiol with a nonlinear dose-response but such that complete suppression of growth was achieved at 8 microg/mL. MDA-MB-231 cells were also inhibited by TRF but with a linear dose-response such that 20 microg/mL TRF was needed for complete growth suppression. Separation of the TRF into individual tocotrienols revealed that all fractions could inhibit growth of both ER+ and ER- cells and of ER+ cells in both the presence and absence of estradiol. However, the gamma- and delta-fractions were the most inhibitory. Complete inhibition of MCF7 cell growth was achieved at 6 microg/mL of gamma-tocotrienol/delta-tocotrienol (gammaT3/deltaT3) in the absence of estradiol and 10 microg/mL of deltaT3 in the presence of estradiol, whereas complete suppression of MDA-MB-231 cell growth was not achieved even at concentrations of 10 microg/mL of deltaT3. By contrast to these inhibitory effects of tocotrienols, alphaT had no inhibitory effect on MCF7 cell growth in either the presence or the absence of estradiol, nor on MDA-MB-231 cell growth. These results confirm studies using other sublines of human breast cancer cells and demonstrate that tocotrienols can exert direct inhibitory effects on the growth of breast cancer cells. In searching for the mechanism of inhibition, studies of the effects of TRF on estrogen-regulated pS2 gene expression in MCF7 cells showed that tocotrienols do not act via an estrogen receptor-mediated pathway and must therefore act differently from estrogen antagonists. Furthermore, tocotrienols did not increase levels of growth-inhibitory insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) in MCF7 cells, implying also a different mechanism from that proposed for retinoic acid inhibition of estrogen-responsive breast cancer cell growth. Inhibition of the growth of breast cancer cells by tocotrienols could have important clinical implications not only because tocotrienols are able to inhibit the growth of both ER+ and ER- phenotypes but also because ER+ cells could be growth-inhibited in the presence as well as in the absence of estradiol. Future clinical applications of TRF could come from potential growth suppression of ER+ breast cancer cells otherwise resistant to growth inhibition by antiestrogens and retinoic acid.
Fertility Control in the Bitch by Active Immunization with Porcine Zonae Pellucidae: Use of Different Adjuvants and Patterns of Estradiol and Progesterone Levels In Estrous Cycles1,2 (1985)

To determine the changes in patterns of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone levels underlying abnormal cycles in bitches immunized with solubilized crude porcine zonae pellucidae (cPZP), to attempt to circumvent these problems by immunizing with a purified zona fraction (pPZP), and to test the effectiveness of different adjuvants, bitches were immunized with cPZP or pPZP 2-6 times with no adjuvant, Freund's adjuvant, alum adjuvant, or the adjuvant CP-20,961. The bitch immunized without adjuvant had a low titer with a normal cycle and fertility. Immunization with cPZP and adjuvant produced moderate to high titers of antizona antibodies and infertility. Bitches with high titers experienced abnormal estrous cycles. Estradiol rose during proestrus, but instead of falling sharply in early estrus as in controls, it remained elevated. Progesterone did not rise. The moderate-titered bitches had normal cycles and steroid patterns. Bitches immunized with pPZP had moderate titers. Cycles were normal after 3 injections, but after 6 injections one bitch had an abnormal cycle. One pPZP-immunized bitch remained fertile but the others were infertile. Alum was the mildest adjuvant, causing no injection site lesions, but the highest titers occurred with Freund's and CP-20,961 adjuvants. All three adjuvants induced titers sufficient to inhibit fertility. Infertility in bitches immunized with PZP may be due to prevention of zona penetration, because their antisera inhibited zona penetration of oocytes by spermatozoa in vitro. However, alterations in ovarian function preventing ovulation and luteinization could be involved in high-titered bitches.
Identification of a Three-Biomarker Panel in Urine for Early Detection of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2015)

We have established a novel, three-protein biomarker panel that is able to detect patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer in urine specimens.
Developmental Regulation of LR11 Expression in Murine Brain (1998)

Receptors belonging to the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) superfamily play important biological roles in addition to mediating lipoprotein metabolism. The recent discovery of a novel mosaic LDLR family member by us (Yamazaki H., Bujo, H., Kusunoki, J., Seimiya, K., Kanaki, T., Morisaki, N., Schneider, W.J., and Saito, Y. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 24761-24768) and others, which we termed LR11, offers the opportunity to gain new insights into receptor multifunctionality. The predominant expression of LR11 in brain and the presence of elements found in neural adhesion molecules suggested a function(s) in the central nervous system (CNS). In order to gain information about this complex receptor in an accessible system, we have molecularly characterized the murine LR11 and report on its detailed localization and developmental expression pattern. The primary sequence of the murine protein further establishes that LRlls are among the closest relatives within the LDLR family and that brain is the predominant site of expression. In situ hybridization showed that neuronal bodies such as Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and other neurons in the hippocampal formations and the cerebral cortex are particularly rich in LR11 transcripts. The developmental pattern of LR11 expression in brain, which peaks at 2 weeks, is in contrast to those of two other LDLR family members, the very low density lipoprotein receptor and the LDLR. During early development, murine LR11 expression levels are highly dependent on neural cell types. These findings are compatible with function(s) of LR11 in neural organization and, possibly, pathogenesis of degenerative brain diseases. In addition, detailed knowledge of LR11 biology will help to elucidate the roles of other mosaic proteins that share with LR11 elements whose function is not yet known.
Transfer of functional EGF receptors to an IL3‐dependent cell line (1988)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small protein that acts as a mitogen for various epidermal, epithelial, and fibroblastic cells that bear specific EGF receptors. The molecule that binds EGF is a 175-kD transmembrane protein, with an extracellular ligand binding domain and an intracellular domain that possesses tyrosine kinase activity, thought to be involved in the mitogenic signalling process. Here we have constructed a recombinant murine retrovirus that transduces a human cDNA encoding the 175-kD protein and used this retrovirus to infect BAF3, a murine, bone marrow-derived cell line, which is dependent on the haematopoietic factor interleukin-3 (IL3) for its growth in culture. The EGF receptors expressed in the infected cells exhibit two affinity states, as well as EGF-stimulated autophosphorylation. Furthermore, EGF can replace IL3 in supporting short-term proliferation of these cells. These data identify functional properties of the EGF receptor upon expression of the 175-kD EGF binding protein in a haemotopoietic cell that does not express endogenous receptors. They also suggest that gene transfer of growth factor receptors to heterologous cells may allow novel growth stimuli to be exploited.
Co-expression of trypsin and tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in colorectal adenocarcinomas. (2003)

Trypsin and its specific inhibitor, TATI (tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor), are expressed in normal human pancreas and in a variety of tumours. The aim of the present study was to assess the parallel expression of trypsin and TATI in colorectal cancer, in comparison with their expression in normal epithelial tissue, since proteases and their inhibitors are thought to be co-expressed in malignant neoplasms. We also assessed the possible significance of their expression as a means of differentiation between normal and malignant tissue. We examined qualitatively and semi-quantitatively the immunohistochemical expression of trypsin and TATI on paraffin-embedded serial tissue sections from 91 colorectal adenocarcinomas. The reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) was also performed on fresh malignant tissue from 55 of the above adenocarcinomas. Normal and non-malignant tissues adjacent to the tumours were also evaluated. Cytoplasmic expression of trypsin (more than 25% of the cancer cells positive) was found in 67 (73.6%) adenocarcinomas, whereas TATI was expressed in the cytoplasm of 59 (64.8%) cases studied. Statistical analysis using Spearman's test has demonstrated a significant correlation between trypsin and TATI immunohistochemical expression (p<0.01). RT-PCR showed co-expression of trypsin and TATI mRNA in all carcinomas studied. Distinct patterns of trypsin and TATI immunohistochemical expression were observed in adjacent, non-malignant tissues, where both trypsin and TATI mRNA were also detected. Normal tissues were negative by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate co-expression of trypsin and TATI in colorectal tumours both at the mRNA and protein level. We conclude that in colorectal neoplasms, high levels of trypsin and TATI may be important for malignant tumour formation and/or metastatic process.
Multi-Color Quantum Dot Tracking Using a High-Speed Hyperspectral Line-Scanning Microscope (2013)

Many cellular signaling processes are initiated by dimerization or oligomerization of membrane proteins. However, since the spatial scale of these interactions is below the diffraction limit of the light microscope, the dynamics of these interactions have been difficult to study on living cells. We have developed a novel high-speed hyperspectral microscope (HSM) to perform single particle tracking of up to 8 spectrally distinct species of quantum dots (QDs) at 27 frames per second. The distinct emission spectra of the QDs allows localization with ∼10 nm precision even when the probes are clustered at spatial scales below the diffraction limit. The capabilities of the HSM are demonstrated here by application of multi-color single particle tracking to observe membrane protein behavior, including: 1) dynamic formation and dissociation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor dimers; 2) resolving antigen induced aggregation of the high affinity IgE receptor, FcεR1; 3) four color QD tracking while simultaneously visualizing GFP-actin; and 4) high-density tracking for fast diffusion mapping.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes of eclampsia with and without HELLP syndrome in a teaching hospital in western Turkey (2014)

In this study, we compared the perinatal and maternal outcomes of women with eclampsia with and without HELLP syndrome. A total of 219 pregnancies complicated by eclampsia with and without HELLP syndrome managed between January 2002 and December 2011, were reviewed. The incidence of eclampsia was 1.7/1,000 deliveries. Among 219 patients with eclampsia, 141 (64.4%) did not develop HELLP syndrome and 78 (35.6%) did develop HELLP syndrome. Maternal age and the rates of nulliparity were similar in both groups. Interval time from eclamptic seizure to delivery was significantly longer in the without-HELLP syndrome group (0.92 ± 0.29 weeks vs 0.16 ± 0.12 weeks, p = 0.028). Furthermore, overall perinatal mortality (particularly after gestational week 32) was significantly higher in the with-HELLP syndrome group (20.5% vs 9.9%, p = 0.029). In conclusion, patients with HELLP syndrome had significantly higher perinatal mortality than those with eclampsia without HELLP syndrome and no regular prenatal care.
Can Zr be Substituted for Co in Co[sub 1−z]Zr[sub z](OH)[sub 2] and LiCo[sub 1−z]Zr[sub z]O[sub 2]? (2010)

There have been literature reports on and in the study of layered double hydroxides and positive electrodes for Li-ion batteries, respectively. However, the different oxidation states of Co ( or ) and Zr suggest that the amount of substitution, , will be limited. In this paper, the precipitate, hoped to be , formed by the addition of an aqueous solution of and to LiOH solution has been thoroughly studied as a function of the ratio, , for . X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis results show that Zr is not incorporated into the brucite-like layers and do not substitute for a part of the divalent cations . Instead, the added Zr forms or impurities. Attempts to prepare samples from the hydroxide precursors over the range failed. The products were found to be and or impurities, even for . This suggests that cannot be prepared even for additions of Zr as low as 1%.
A Set of Computationally Designed Orthogonal Antiparallel Homodimers that Expands the Synthetic Coiled-Coil Toolkit (2014)

Molecular engineering of protein assemblies, including the fabrication of nanostructures and synthetic signaling pathways, relies on the availability of modular parts that can be combined to give different structures and functions. Currently, a limited number of well-characterized protein interaction components are available. Coiled-coil interaction modules have been demonstrated to be useful for biomolecular design, and many parallel homodimers and heterodimers are available in the coiled-coil toolkit. In this work, we sought to design a set of orthogonal antiparallel homodimeric coiled coils using a computational approach. There are very few antiparallel homodimers described in the literature, and none have been measured for cross-reactivity. We tested the ability of the distance-dependent statistical potential DFIRE to predict orientation preferences for coiled-coil dimers of known structure. The DFIRE model was then combined with the CLASSY multistate protein design framework to engineer sets of three orthogonal antiparallel homodimeric coiled coils. Experimental measurements confirmed the successful design of three peptides that preferentially formed antiparallel homodimers that, furthermore, did not interact with one additional previously reported antiparallel homodimer. Two designed peptides that formed higher-order structures suggest how future design protocols could be improved. The successful designs represent a significant expansion of the existing protein-interaction toolbox for molecular engineers.
Chronic Autophagy Is a Cellular Adaptation to Tumor Acidic pH Microenvironments (2012)

Tumor cell survival relies upon adaptation to the acidic conditions of the tumor microenvironment. To investigate potential acidosis survival mechanisms, we examined the effect of low pH (6.7) on human breast carcinoma cells. Acute low pH exposure reduced proliferation rate, induced a G1 cell cycle arrest, and increased cytoplasmic vacuolization. Gene expression analysis revealed elevated levels of ATG5 and BNIP3 in acid-conditioned cells, suggesting cells exposed to low pH may utilize autophagy as a survival mechanism. In support of this hypothesis, we found that acute low pH stimulated autophagy as defined by an increase in LC3-positive punctate vesicles, double-membrane vacuoles, and decreased phosphorylation of AKT and ribosomal protein S6. Notably, cells exposed to low pH for approximately 3 months restored their proliferative capacity while maintaining the cytoplasmic vacuolated phenotype. Although autophagy is typically transient, elevated autophagy markers were maintained chronically in low pH conditioned cells as visualized by increased protein expression of LC3-II and double-membrane vacuoles. Furthermore, these cells exhibited elevated sensitivity to PI3K-class III inhibition by 3-methyladenine. In mouse tumors, LC3 expression was reduced by systemic treatment with sodium bicarbonate, which raises intratumoral pH. Taken together, these results argue that acidic conditions in the tumor microenvironment promote autophagy, and that chronic autophagy occurs as a survival adaptation in this setting.
The activation domain of the maize transcription factor Opaque-2 resides in a single acidic region (1997)

The maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm specific transcription factor, encoded by the Opaque-2(O2) locus, functions in vivo to activate transcription from its target promoters.O2 regulates the expression of a major storage protein class, the 22 kDa zeins, and of a type I ribosome inactivating protein, b-32, during maturation phase endosperm development. The coding sequence of O2, which indicates it to be a member of the basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) class of DNA-binding proteins, contains a number of regions rich in either proline or acidic residues which are candidates for activation domains. In functional assays using tobacco mesophyll protoplasts, the level of transactivation conferred by a series of O2-deletion constructs was tested using as a reporter a fusion of the b-32 target promoter to beta-glucuronidase (GUS). The results indicate that O2 has a single acidic activation domain, located near the N-terminus of the protein (amino acids 41-91). The ability of a shorter part of this domain (amino acids 39-82) to confer transactivation was also demonstrated in domain swapping experiments, using fusions of the O2 polypeptide sequence to the DNA-binding domain of the parsley (Petroselinum crispum) transcription factor CPRF1.
Pre‐column liquid chromatographic determination of dipicolinic acid from bacterial endospores (2012)

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for fluorescence detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a unique component of bacterial endospores, was developed for rapid and highly sensitive quantification of endospores. DPA was pre‐column complexed to the lanthanide metal terbium (Tb 3+ ). Surplus free Tb 3+ and the Tb 3+ ‐DPA complex were separated by reverse‐phase gradient chromatography and the fluorescence emission was read at 545 nm after exitation at 270 nm. The limits of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) were 0.26 and 0.08 nM, respectively. The method was used to detect DPA extracted from Bacillus subtilis endospores, DPA extracted from B. subtilis endospores added to more complex substrates such as marine sediment and canned tuna and DPA extracted from indigenous endospores in a coastal marine sediment. Endospores represented 4% of the microbial community (bacterial cells + endospores) in active surface sediment from the Aarhus Bay.