gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A taxonomy of multi-area state estimation methods (2010)

This paper presents a critical review of the state of the art in multi-area state estimation (MASE) methods, which are currently gaining renewed interest due to their capability of properly tracking multi-TSO transactions and accommodating highly redundant information systems. Based on several classification criteria, a taxonomy of MASE methods is first proposed. Two main categories, namely two-step or hierarchical versus decentralized, are identified. Then, for each class of methods, the resulting model structure and area interactions are discussed and a brief presentation is made of a selected subset of references.
Silicon carbide on insulator formation using the Smart Cut process [Note 1] (1996)

The Smart Cut process has been applied for the first time to SiC, in order to form silicon carbide on insulator (SiCOI) structures. These structures have been formed on polycristalline SiC and on silicon substrates.
Mono- Versus Polyubiquitination: Differential Control of p53 Fate by Mdm2 (2003)

Although Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination is essential for both degradation and nuclear export of p53, the molecular basis for the differential effects of Mdm2 remains unknown. Here we show that low levels of Mdm2 activity induce monoubiquitination and nuclear export of p53, whereas high levels promote p53's polyubiquitination and nuclear degradation. A p53-ubiquitin fusion protein that mimics monoubiquitinated p53 was found to accumulate in the cytoplasm in an Mdm2-independent manner, indicating that monoubiquitination is critical for p53 trafficking. These results clarify the nature of ubiquitination-mediated p53 regulation and suggest that distinct mechanisms regulate p53 function in accordance with the levels of Mdm2 activity.
[The medical treatment of overactive bladder]. (2003)

Overactive bladder, very frequent in neurological disorders, leads to very distressing symptoms such as urgency, frequency and incontinence which may dramatically impair the patient's quality of life. The medical approach is essentially pharmacological but the management of the nociceptive factors must not be neglected. In the mild urinary dysfunctions, bladder training can be advised. The pharmacological treatment aims at reducing the parasympathetic activity or at deafferenting the bladder. The antimuscarinic agents are an essential part of the treatment. Oxybutynin is the most widely used medication but recent agents like tolterodin have a better tolerability. Other drugs can also be used such as desmopressin, flavoxate. New molecules are under experiment (darifenacin). In case of troublesome side-effects or resistance to oral medications, local treatments are considered. Intravesical oxybutynin has been tried but has a short-lived efficacy. Intravesical instillation of capsaicine or resiniferatoxin blocks C-fibres afferents and leads to clinical and urodynamic improvement. Recently, injections of botulinum-A toxin in the detrusor have been advocated aiming at blocking the transmission of parasympathetic impulse. The first studies report encouraging results. All these local treatments resulting in bladder paresis are recommended for patients performing self-catheterization. Should these treatments fail, other therapeutic approaches are considered such as intrathecal treatment, neuromodulation, before deciding on neurosurgical or urosurgical procedures.
Stimulation of migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells by vitronectin: implications for atherosclerosis (1994)

These results show that vitronectin-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell migration is mediated by alpha V beta 3 vitronectin receptor and expression of the receptor is induced by TGF-beta and thrombin, which in turn induce vitronectin driven, vitronectin receptor modulated smooth muscle cell migration.
Penicillium pimiteouiense: A New Species Isolated from Polycystic Kidney Cell Cultures (1999)

As part of a study of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), epithelial cells were isolated and propagated from cyst walls of human kidneys obtained at nephrectomy. A Penicillium species was found growing with the epithelial cells in some culture flasks. It was monoverticillate and somewhat resembled P. restrictum but differed morphologically from this and all other Penicillium species. Two strains of this fungus were isolated in pure culture and described as the new species Penicillium pimiteouiense. Ochratoxin A production was not detected in P. pimiteouiense. The role, if any, that this fungus plays in polycystic kidney disease is not known.
Fibre Optic Magnetic Field Sensors Utilizing Iron Garnet Materials (1993)

This thesis deals with the subject of fibre optic magnetic field sensors utilizing iron garnet materials. Such materials exhibit a large Faraday rotation which make them advantageous for application in compact mag­netic field sensors. After an introduction, in which fibre optic sensors and optical methods to measure electric current are reviewed, the original research work is summarized. A system for the measurement of the magneto-optic properties of trans­parent materials is described. Measurement results, showing the influence of temperature, magnetic field direction and sample treatment on the magneto-optical proper­ties of YIG-crystals, are presented. The proper­ties of thin magneto-optical waveguiding films have also been studied using different light coupling methods. Measurement results obtained for holo­graphic grating, prism and edge (end-fire) light coupling to different substituted YIG films are presented. It is shown that the launching method may affect the properties to be measured. The design and performance of several versions of extrinsic guided wave fibre optic magnetic field sensors are then reported. The sensors employ substi­tuted YIG (Yttrium Iron Garnet, Y3Fe5O12) thin film waveguides as sensing elements. Polari­zation maintaining fibres were used as feed and return to provide two signal channels. The signals were combined in a balanced measure­ment system, providing insensitivity to both fluctuations in optical power and loss. Sensors have been made both with separate fibres to guide the light to and from the sensing element and with a single fibre for both functions. The two fibre version, although less ”elegant”, is found to have a better performance. This version also makes it possible to determine both the magnitude and sign of the magnetic field. Measurement results indicate a usable measurement range of at least several mT with a noise equivalent magnetic field level of less than 8 nT/root(Hz). The design and performance of multimode fibre optic magnetic field sensors utilizing the Faraday effect in an epitaxially grown thick (YbTbBi)IG film is also described. This type of sensor is found to be linear over a range from 27 mT to less than 270 nT. Sensor prototypes suitable for current monitoring in high voltage transmission lines have also been developed.
Decode-Compress-and-Forward with Selective-Cooperation for Relay Networks (2012)

We propose a new signal-processing scheme, referred to as Decode-Compress-and-Forward with Selective-Cooperation (DCF-SC). In DCF-SC, the relay dedicates a certain amount of time to listen to the message broadcasted by the source and then performs Soft-Input Soft-Output (SISO) decoding. The relay then quantizes the Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) values received from the SISO decoder, encodes them and then transmits to the destination. The Selective-Cooperation condition determines whether the destination will accept or reject relay's collaboration. We consider half-duplex relaying with orthogonal channels at the destination and apply turbo coding at both source and relay nodes. We define a trade-off parameter that determines how much of the relay's time should be dedicated to listening and to transmission. We show by simulations that this trade-off factor has an optimal value for which the Block-Error Rate (BLER) is minimized. We compare the error rate performance of the proposed DCF-SC scheme with that of the Decode-Amplify-Forward (DAF) scheme presented in the literature.
Gelişim Güvenden Yana (2001)

The social controls based on autority in hierarchical structures of conventional organizations gave a recent turn into the novel structural orientations where self direction and self control arc the two essentials, where trustability has a vital feature.While teams working face to face gain trust through time; in virtual teams trust is met with their first messages to get acquainted with each other.Hence, to activate any latent organizational potential in hope of increasing productivity, a need turns up to set a balance for trustability between the employers and the employees; since it is well known that any trustability decreases costs of related processings; increases faith and safety levels in relations; and encourages clear and effective information exchanges.
A swept two-frequency microwave reflectometer for edge density profile measurements on TFTR (1992)

The edge density profile can play a significant role in determining the plasma confinement and the coupling of the ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) heating power to the plasma. To experimentally measure the edge density profile in the Tokamak Fusion Test Facility (TFTR), a two-frequency microwave reflectometer is being built. This reflectometer will operate in a swept two-frequency configuration between 91 and 118 GHz using the extraordinary mode. The frequency separation between the two microwave signals will be held constant while the signals are swept across the frequency band. By measuring the differential phase delay between these two signals, the density profile can be reconstructed. Two-frequency profile reflectometry is discussed and results of modeling of this type of reflectometer measurement for TFTR are shown. Finally, the design of the TFTR edge profile reflectometer microwave system is described.
Direct Cerebrospinal Fluid Delivery of an Antiretroviral Agent Using Multivesicular Liposomes (1990)

The use of multivesicular liposomes for administration of antiviral agents into cerebrospinal fluid was explored in a Sprague-Dawley rat model. DDC (2',3'-dideoxycytidine) was encapsulated into multivesicular liposomes made from dioleoyl lecithin, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol, cholesterol, and triolein. The half-lives of drug leakage in human plasma and in 0.9% NaCl were 15 and 47 h, respectively. After intraventricular injection with a stereotaxic apparatus, DDC levels within the central nervous system decreased exponentially, with a half-life of 1.1 h for the unencapsulated DDC and 23 h for the liposome-encapsulated DDC. There were no abnormalities observed in the behavior of the rats. Encapsulation of a more hydrophilic antiviral agent is expected to increase the half-life even further. The results of this study offer the possibility of a practical intrathecal drug delivery for drugs that do not cross the blood-brain barrier.
Dendritic cell presentation of antigens from apoptotic cells in a proinflammatory context: Role of opsonizing anti-?2-glycoprotein I antibodies (1999)

Opsonization influences the outcome of the disposal of low numbers of apoptotic cells by DCs. This implies that soluble factors bound to apoptotic cells modulate their immunogenicity.
The Mechanism(s) of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction: Potassium Channels, Redox O2Sensors, and Controversies (2002)

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction matches perfusion to ventilation and optimizes systemic oxygenation. Alterations in PO(2) are sensed by a vascular redox O(2) sensor in the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell, probably within the mitochondria. This creates a signal that modulates redox-sensitive K(+) channels, thereby controlling membrane potential, Ca(2+) entry, and tone.
Absorption Measurements for Oxygenated and Reduced Hemoglobin in the Range 0.6—1.88 Microns (1962)

Abstract Absorbance measurements are made for oxygenated and reduced hemoglobin in the range 0.6—1.88 µ for application to new methods of dye-dilution studies. Experimental results show that an isosbestic region exists between 1.3 and 1.88 µ, with the relative extinction coefficients of O2Hb and Hb equaling zero at 1.3, 1.67, and 1.77 µ.
Clinical cancer genomics: how soon is now? (2010)

Germline and somatic alterations in DNA mediate the genesis and progression of human cancers. Not only do these events represent the molecular underpinnings of disease but many are of immense clinical importance as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. In fact, rapidly evolving sequencing technologies have empowered enormous growth in the breadth and depth of cancer genome characterization. Whether these will impact routine clinical practice and the treatment of disease is no longer debatable, but how precisely this will happen is a source of ongoing speculation and development.
Calin from Hirudo medicinalis, an inhibitor of von Willebrand factor binding to collagen under static and flow conditions (1995)

Calin from the saliva of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, is a potent inhibitor of collagen mediated platelet adhesion and activation. In addition to inhibition of the direct platelet-collagen interaction, we presently demonstrate that binding of von Willebrand to coated collagen can be prevented by Calin, both under static and flow conditions in agreement with the occurrence of binding of Calin to collagen, confirmed by Biospecific Interaction Analysis. To define whether Calin acted by inhibiting the platelet-collagen or the platelet-von Willebrand factor (vWF)-collagen-mediated thrombus formation, platelet adhesion to different types of collagens was studied in a parallel-plate flow chamber perfused with whole blood at different shear rates. Calin dose-dependently prevented platelet adhesion to the different collagens tested both at high- and low-shear stress. The concentration of Calin needed to cause 50% inhibition of platelet adhesion at high-shear stress was some fivefold lower than that needed for inhibition of vWF-binding under similar conditions, implying that at high-shear stress, the effect of Calin on the direct platelet-collagen interactions, suffices to prevent thrombus formation. Platelet adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells was only partially prevented by Calin, and even less so at a high-shear rather than a low-shear rate, whereas the platelet binding to coated vWF and fibrinogen were minimally affected at both shear rates. Thus, Calin interferes with both the direct platelet-collagen interaction and the vWF-collagen binding. Both effects may contribute to the inhibition of platelet adhesion in flowing conditions, although the former seems to predominate.
Antiangiogenic Therapy for Cancer: An Update (2012)

The idea of antiangiogenic therapy was the brainchild of Dr. Judah Folkman in the early 1970s. He proposed that by cutting off the blood supply, cancer cells would be deprived of nutrients and, hence, treated. His efforts paid off when bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor, was approved as antiangiogenic therapy in 2004 for the treatment of colon cancer. Since then, an array of antiangiogenic inhibitors, either as monotherapy or in combination with other cytotoxic and chemotherapy drugs, have been developed, used in clinical trials, and approved for the treatment of cancer. Despite this important breakthrough, antiangiogenic therapy for cancer met with a number of hurdles on its way to becoming an option for cancer therapy. In this article, we summarize the most current information on the mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, potential targets and their mechanisms of action, and experimental evidences, as well as the most recent clinical trial data on antiangiogenic agents for cancer therapy.
Abstract #5465: CD79BxDR SCORPIONTM molecule: a single chain, bispecific immunotherapeutic with potent in vitro activity against B cell lymphoma (2009)

Bispecific and multivalent therapeutics are compelling candidates for next-generation oncology treatments. B cell depletion with agents such as rituximab has proven successful in the treatment of hematological malignancies in the clinic, but patients still relapse and become refractory. Strategies to improve efficacy of B-cell directed therapies include boosting the cytotoxicity of agents and expanding to targets beyond CD20. Following a screen to rank candidate bispecific B-cell therapies, an agent that targets CD79B and DR (MHC class II) was developed. This bispecific molecule demonstrated highly potent activities against B lymphoma cells in vitro. A matrix approach was taken to identify the optimal targets for direct killing of B cell lymphoma by a bispecific molecule. When selected sets of antibodies were tested on tumor cell lines, several combinations showed synergistic activities. Of the targets tested, CD79B and DR were among the leading pairs showing enhanced cytotoxicity. A SCORPION molecule is a single-chain bispecific immunopharmaceutical comprised of independent binding domains (BDs) on each end of the molecule, flanking an IgG CH2 and CH3 domain. For the Scorpion molecule directed against CD79B and DR, BDs were derived from hybridomas generated against these receptors. Following transient expression in HEK-293 cells, CD79BxDR dimerized in solution and was purified as a single species that specifically bound both receptors on target cells. The activities of the CD79BxDR SCORPION protein were gauged against those of each monospecific molecule (Small Modular Immunopharmaceutical or SMIPTM protein) having the same IgG domain as the SCORPION protein. Targeting either CD79B or DR alone led to distinct cytotoxic activities. The DR SMIP protein promoted Fc-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (FcDCC), whereas the CD79B SMIP protein exhibited strong direct killing and only modest FcDCC activity. Advantages of a bispecific approach were evident in the activities of CD79BxDR, which had strong FcDCC as well as highly potent direct killing. In assays against the NHL-derived DoHH2 cell line, CD79BxDR not only outperformed each component SMIP molecule, but consistently gave IC50 values that were two orders of magnitude more potent than rituximab. Upon 48 hour incubation with primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD79BxDR showed selective depletion of B (CD19+) but not T (CD3+) cells. The selectivity and high potency of the bispecific CD79BxDR SCORPION molecule shows promise as a therapeutic for B cell depletion, particularly in disease refractory to CD20-targeted therapies. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5465.
Sustained telomere length in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes with increasing age in normal liver (2012)

In normal liver and over a broad age range, cholangiocytes have longer telomeres than all other intrahepatic lineages. Age-related telomere length decline is restricted to Kupffer cells and stellate cells.
BPI-ANCA is found in reactive arthritis caused by Yersinia and Salmonella infection and recognise exclusively the C-terminal part of the BPI molecule (2000)

BPI-ANCA was associated with ReA triggered by Salmonella and Yersinia infection. Directed against the C-terminal part of BPI, it can potentially inhibit its antibiotic activity and might be useful to identify patients with infectious bowel disease prone to extraintestinal sequelae.
Entwicklung von Tyrosinkinase‐Inhibitoren bei hämatologischen Neoplasien. FLT3 und JAK2 als therapeutische Targets (2008)

Abstract Tyrosinkinase‐Inhibitoren stellen einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung und Verbesserung der Therapie von hämatologischen Neoplasien dar. Zahlreiche Inhibitoren befinden sich bereits in fortgeschrittener klinischer Testung. Während bei einem Teil der Erkrankungen (CML) die Inhibitor‐Therapie bereits als Standard etabliert ist, befinden sich die “ small molecules ” bei Akuter Myeloischer Leukämie und chronisch‐myeloproliferativen Syndromen noch in der Etablierungsphase. Die Entwicklung von neuen zielgerichteten Substanzen zählt zu den großen präklinischen und klinischen Herausforderungen der nächsten Jahre.
Symmetric diblock copolymer thin films confined between homogeneous and patterned surfaces: Simulations and theory (2000)

We have investigated the ability of a simple phenomenological theory to describe the behavior of symmetric diblock copolymer thin films confined between two hard surfaces. Prior knowledge of the morphology in the confined films is crucial for applying this theory to predict the phase diagram of such systems. Taking advantage of our observations in Monte Carlo simulations, we use the theory to construct phase diagrams for thin films confined between patterned-homogeneous surfaces, and obtain good agreement with our results of simulations. Two conditions are essential for obtaining long-range ordered perpendicular lamellae: a lower stripe-patterned surface with the surface pattern period Ls comparable to the bulk lamellar period L0, and an upper neutral or weakly preferential surface. We have also examined the undulation of perpendicular lamellae between two hard surfaces. For the cases of two homogeneous (preferential) surfaces and patterned-preferential surfaces, our calculations using the phenomenological theory indicate that the amplitudes of the undulation are on the same order of magnitude as observed in our Monte Carlo simulations, and are one order of magnitude larger than previously reported. The theory, however, is unable to capture the shape of the undulation. For the case of patterned-neutral surfaces, we find that an earlier analysis is unable to yield the undulations that would stabilize the perpendicular lamellar morphology. We have addressed this issue and obtained undulations that are consistent with our observations from Monte Carlo simulations.
A general approach to the design and implementation of linear differential microphone arrays (2013)

The design of differential microphone arrays (DMAs) and the associated beamforming algorithms have become very important problems. Traditionally, an Nth order DMA is formed by subtractively combining the outputs of two DMAs of order N-1. This method, though simple and easy to implement, suffers from a number of limitations. For example, it is difficult to design the equalization filter that is needed for compensating the array's non-uniform frequency response, particularly for high-order DMAs. In this paper, we propose a new approach to the design and implementation of linear DMAs for speech enhancement. Unlike the traditional method that works in the time domain, this proposed approach works in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain. The core issue with this framework is how to design the desired differential beamformer in each subband, which is accomplished by solving a linear system consisting of N +1 fundamental constraints for an Nth-order DMA.
Immunoperoxidase technique modified by counterstain with azure B as a diagnostic aid in evaluating heavily pigmented melanocytic neoplasms (1991)

Heavily-pigmented melanocytic neoplasms are difficult to evaluate on routine hematoxylin and eosin stained slides because pigmented melanocytes are difficult to distinguish from the numerous melanophages that are usually seen in the background of these lesions. Immunoperoxidase staining for S100 protein or HMB-45 antibody using diaminobenzidine (DAB) as chromogen, which forms a brown product, does not adequately distinguish melanocytes from melanophages. We modified this technique by replacing hematoxylin as the counterstain with azure B, which stains melanin green-blue. Thus, positive melanocytes appear brown while melanin granules in their cytoplasm are green-blue. However, negative melanophages only stain green-blue. This technique is useful in evaluating heavily pigmented melanocytic lesions such as malignant melanomas, melanosis of regressing malignant melanoma, residual malignant melanoma in areas of granulation tissue with melanophages, blue nevi, pigmented spindle cell variant of Spitz's nevi and combined nevi.