gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces regulatory dendritic cells that prevent acute graft-versus-host disease while maintaining the graft-versus-tumor response (2006)

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for the treatment of leukemia and other immunogenetic disorders. The use of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) that induce the generation/activation of regulatory T (Tr) cells for the treatment of acute GVHD following allogeneic BMT has been recently established. Therefore, the identification of factors that contribute to the development of tolerogenic DCs is highly relevant. We report on the use of the known immunosuppressive neuropeptide, the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), as a new approach to induce tolerogenic DCs with the capacity to prevent acute GVHD. DCs differentiated in the presence of VIP impair allogeneic haplotype-specific responses of donor CD4(+) cells in mice given transplants by inducing the generation of Tr cells in the graft. VIP-induced tolerogenic DCs did not abrogate the graft-versus-leukemia response presumably by not affecting the cytotoxicity of transplanted T cells against the leukemic cells. Therefore, the inclusion of VIP-induced tolerogenic DCs in future therapeutic regimens may minimize the dependence on nonspecific immunosuppressive drugs used currently as antirejection therapy, and facilitate the successful transplantation from mismatched donors, by reducing the deleterious consequences of acute GVHD and extending the applicability of BMT.
PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKO-ENCEPHALOPATHY (1958)

Journal Article PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKO-ENCEPHALOPATHY: A HITHERTO UNRECOGNIZED COMPLICATION O CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKÆMIA AND HODGKIN'S DISEASE Get access KARL-ERIK ÅSTRÖM, KARL-ERIK ÅSTRÖM Departments of Neurology-Neuropathology and of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, and the Neurology Service and the Neuropathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ELLIOTT L. MANCALL, ELLIOTT L. MANCALL Departments of Neurology-Neuropathology and of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, and the Neurology Service and the Neuropathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar EDWARD P. RICHARDSON, JR. EDWARD P. RICHARDSON, JR. Departments of Neurology-Neuropathology and of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, and the Neurology Service and the Neuropathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 81, Issue 1, March 1958, Pages 93–111, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/81.1.93 Published: 01 March 1958
Phosphinimido Complexes of Silicon, Tin, and Germanium (2003)

The preparation of a silyl−phosphinimide of the form (R3PN)SiMe3 (R = Me (1), i-Pr (2), Ph (3), t-Bu (4)) was achieved by the conventional literature methodology of oxidation of phosphine by N3SiMe3. The analogous species (t-Bu3PN)MMe3 (M = Ge (5), Sn (6)) were derived via a stoichiometric reaction of the salt Li[NP-t-Bu3] with Me3MCl. Similarly, the species (t-Bu3PN)2MMe2 (M = Si (7), Ge (8), Sn (9)), (i-Pr3PN)SnMe3 (10), (i-Pr3PN)2SnMe2 (11), and (t-Bu3PN)2SnMeCl (12) were prepared. Subsequent reactions of 12 afforded (t-Bu3PN)3SnMe (13) and (t-Bu3PN)2Sn(Ot-Bu)Me (14). In analogous metathesis reactions R3PNSnPh3 (R = t-Bu (15), i-Pr (16)), (t-Bu3PN)2SnPh2 (17), and (t-Bu3PN)2Sn(t-Bu)2 (18) were also prepared. Reaction of i-Pr3PNH and ClSnMe3 gave (i-Pr3PNH)SnMe3Cl (19), whereas 6 was obtained from the reaction of t-Bu3PNH with Me3SnCl. The reaction of 1 with B(C6F5)3 resulted in the formation of Me3PN(SiMe3)B(C6F5)3 (20), whereas the phosphinimines 2 and 3 react with B(C6F5)3 in a 2:1 ratio to give [R3PNSiMe2(N(PR3)SiMe3)][MeB(C6F5)3] (R = i-Pr (21), Ph (22)). In contrast, reaction of 4 and 6 with B(C6F5)3 afforded [((μ-t-Bu3PN)MMe2)2][MeB(C6F5)3]2 (M = Si (23), Sn (24)). The analogous reaction of 7 and 9 with B(C6F5)3 gave products formulated as [((t-Bu3PN)2MMe)2][MeB(C6F5)3]2 (M = Si (25), Sn (26)) and [((i-Pr3PN)2SnMe)2][MeB(C6F5)3]2 (27). Complexes 7−9, 17, 19, 20, and 24 were characterized crystallographically. The implications of this chemistry with regard to the steric demands of phosphinimide ligands are considered.
Interfacial interactions between natural RBC membranes and synthetic polymeric nanoparticles (2013)

The unique structural features and stealth properties of a recently developed red blood cell membrane-cloaked nanoparticle (RBC-NP) platform raise curiosity over the interfacial interactions between natural cellular membranes and polymeric nanoparticle substrates. Herein, several interfacial aspects of the RBC-NPs are examined, including completeness of membrane coverage, membrane sidedness upon coating, and the effects of polymeric particles' surface charge and surface curvature on the membrane cloaking process. The study shows that RBC membranes completely cover negatively charged polymeric nanoparticles in a right-side-out manner and enhance the particles' colloidal stability. The membrane cloaking process is applicable to particle substrates with a diameter ranging from 65 to 340 nm. Additionally, the study reveals that both surface glycans on RBC membranes and the substrate properties play a significant role in driving and directing the membrane-particle assembly. These findings further the understanding of the dynamics between cellular membranes and nanoscale substrates and provide valuable information toward future development and characterization of cellular membrane-cloaked nanodevices.
Light-emitting diodes based on phosphorescent guest/polymeric host systems (2002)

Fabrication of polymer light-emitting diodes based on emission from the phosphorescent molecule fac tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium doped into a poly(vinyl carbazole) host are reported. Several spin-coating solvents were evaluated for deposition of the polymer layer; toluene and chlorobenzene were found to consistently produce device-quality films with sufficient incorporation of the dopant. For single-layered devices with Mg0.9Ag0.1 cathodes, the luminance efficiency at 20 mA/cm2 was measured to be 8.7 Cd/A for devices processed from chlorobenzene. This efficiency could be increased by over a factor of two with a trilayered device geometry consisting of the doped polymer layer, a hole-blocking layer, and electron transport layer. Further increases in efficiency, up to 30 Cd/A and 8.5% external quantum efficiency, were observed when a second dopant of 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole was added to the polymer emitter layer.
Predicting Protein Content by near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy in Diverse Cereal Food Products (2000)

Simultaneous determination of constituents (e.g. dietary fibre, protein, fat) by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy would increase the speed and efficiency of nutrient analysis while substantially reducing the cost. Previous work has described the development of NIR reflectance models for the prediction of dietary fibre in a diverse group of cereal food products. While NIR spectroscopy has been used to measure protein content in cereal samples comprised of a single grain type, the utility of the NIR technique would be greatly improved if it could be expanded to cereal products derived from a diverse cross-section of grains and formulations. The present study was conducted to investigate the potential of NIR spectroscopy for the analysis of protein in a data set that included products with numerous grains, such as wheat, oats, rice, rye, corn, millet, buckwheat and with a wide range of fat, sugar and fibre contents. In addition, numerous processing techniques and food additives were represented in the data set. Nitrogen content of dry-milled cereal products was measured by combustion analysis (AOAC Method 992.23) and the range in nitrogen values was from 0.65 to 3.31% of dry weight. Milled cereal products were scanned from 1100 to 2500nm with a scanning monochromator. A nitrogen calibration was developed, using a commercial analysis program, with modified partial least squares as the regression method. The standard error of cross validation and R 2 for nitrogen ( n=147 calibration samples) were 0.090% and 0.973, respectively. Independent validation samples ( n=72) were predicted with a standard error of performance of 0.079% nitrogen and r 2 of 0.984. Because of the diversity of grains in the data set, crude protein was calculated using two nitrogen-to-protein conversion methods and two PLS models were developed for the prediction of crude protein. Crude protein was predicted with a similar precision to nitrogen and the results for both protein models are within the precision required for US nutrition labelling legislation. In conclusion, NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used for rapid and accurate prediction of nitrogen and crude protein content in a heterogeneous group of cereal products comprised of a wide cross-section of grains and formulations.
Fatty Acid Composition and Triglyceride Structure of Corn Oil, Hydrogenated Corn Oil, and Corn Oil Margarine (1982)

ABSTRACT Corn oil, hydrogenated corn oil and corn oil margarine were compared on the basis of fatty acid composition and triglyceride structure, including configurational isomerism of unsaturated fatty acids. Hydrogenated corn oil contained trans unsaturation and positional isomers not naturally found in corn oil. The β‐position of triglycerides of hydrogenated corn oil was 85% occupied by trans octadecenoic acids (trans‐18:1); that of corn oil was 70% occupied by linoleic acid. The proportion of cis octadecenoic acids (cis‐18:1) in the β‐position of the triglycerides was distinctly less in the hydrogenated corn oil than in corn oil, indicating a hydrogenation and/or a geometrical isomerization of cis‐18:1 to trans‐18:1 preferentially in the β‐position, as compared with the α‐positions. Chemical composition of corn oil margarine was intermediate between that of corn oil and that of hydrogenated corn oil.
Changes in substrate metabolism and effects of excess fatty acids in reperfused myocardium (1988)

International audience
Identification of Novel Binding Interactions in the Development of Potent, Selective 2-Naphthamidine Inhibitors of Urokinase. Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and SAR of N-Phenyl Amide 6-Substitution (2003)

The preparation and assessment of biological activity of 6-substituted 2-naphthamidine inhibitors of the serine protease urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA, or urokinase) is described. 2-Naphthamidine was chosen as a starting point based on synthetic considerations and on modeling of substituent vectors. Phenyl amides at the 6-position were found to improve binding; replacement of the amide with other two-atom linkers proved ineffective. The phenyl group itself is situated near the S1' subsite; substitutions off of the phenyl group accessed S1' and other distant binding regions. Three new points of interaction were defined and explored through ring substitution. A solvent-exposed salt bridge with the Asp60A carboxylate was formed using a 4-alkylamino group, improving affinity to K(i) = 40 nM. Inhibitors also accessed two hydrophobic regions. One interaction is characterized by a tight hydrophobic fit made with a small dimple largely defined by His57 and His99; a weaker, less specific interaction involves alkyl groups reaching into the broad prime-side protein binding region near Val41 and the Cys42-Cys58 disulfide, displacing water molecules and leading to small gains in activity. Many inhibitors accessed two of these three regions. Affinities range as low as K(i) = 6 nM, and many compounds had K(i) < 100 nM, while moderate to excellent selectivity was gained versus four of five members of a panel of relevant serine proteases. Also, some selectivity against trypsin was generated via the interaction with Asp60A. X-ray structures of many of these compounds were used to inform our inhibitor design and to increase our understanding of key interactions. In combination with our exploration of 8-substitution patterns, we have identified a number of novel binding interactions for uPA inhibitors.
The chaperonin GroEL binds a polypeptide in an .alpha.-helical conformation (1991)

Chaperones facilitate folding and assembly of nascent polypeptides in vivo and prevent aggregation in refolding assays in vitro. A given chaperone acts on a number of different proteins. Thus, chaperones must recognize features present in incompletely folded polypeptide chains and not strictly dependent on primary structural information. We have used transferred nuclear Overhauser effects to demonstrate that the Escherichia coli chaperonin GroEL binds to a peptide corresponding to the N-terminal alpha-helix in rhodanese, a mitochondrial protein whose in vitro refolding is facilitated by addition of GroEL, GroES, and ATP. Furthermore, the peptide, which is unstructured when free in aqueous solution, adopts an alpha-helical conformation upon binding to GroEL. Modification of the peptide to reduce its intrinsic propensity to take up alpha-helical structure lowered its affinity for GroEL, but, nonetheless, it could be bound and took up a helical conformation when bound. We propose that GroEL interacts with sequences in an incompletely folded chain that have the potential to adopt an amphipathic alpha-helix and that the chaperonin binding site promotes formation of a helix.
Simulation studies of dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (1989)

Computer simulations were performed to predict the performance characteristics of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. K-edge filter techniques were analyzed in detail and compared to 153Gd sources in terms of output intensity, precision, patient dose, image contrast, beam hardening, and marrow fat effects. Similar analyses were performed for two dual-kV techniques that have been reported in the literature. The simulations indicate that K-edge filter techniques, or a dual-kV technique combined with K-edge filtering, can provide performance capabilities that equal or exceed those achievable with 153Gd systems. A (70/140) dual-kV technique with conventional (Al or Cu) filtration also has advantages in terms of source output intensity, but is 2-3 X inferior to the K-edge techniques and 153Gd in terms of patient dose and beam-hardening effects.
The Tromsø Heart Study (1983)

We examined the relation between coffee consumption and levels of serum total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides in a population of 7213 women and 7368 men between the ages of 20 and 54 years. Coffee consumption was positively associated with levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in both sexes and was inversely associated with levels of HDL cholesterol in women. The coffee-cholesterol relation remained strong and statistically significant (P less than 0.0001 in a covariance analysis) after adjustment for age, logarithm of body-mass index, physical activity in leisure time, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. After adjustment for all covariates, the total cholesterol level was 5.56 +/- 0.05 mmol per liter (mean +/- S.E.) in men drinking less than one cup of coffee a day, as compared with 6.23 +/- 0.03 mmol per liter in those consuming more than nine cups a day. The corresponding figures for women were 5.32 +/- 0.05 and 5.92 +/- 0.04 mmol per liter. None of the other variables considered could explain this relation. We conclude that coffee consumption is a major contributor to the variation in levels of total cholesterol.
Excess Mortality, Hospital Stay, and Cost Due to Candidemia: A Case-Control Study Using Data From Population-Based Candidemia Surveillance (2005)

Our findings underscore the burden of candidemia, particularly regarding the risk of death, length of hospitalization, and cost associated with treatment.
Ferroelectric nanoparticle/liquid‐crystal colloids for display applications (2006)

Abstract— A non‐synthetic approach to modify liquid crystals (LCs) by dispersing low concentrations of ferroelectric nanoparticles is reported. These dilute colloids are stable and appear similar to a pure LC. However, by changing the concentration and the type of ferroelectric particles, the physical properties of the LC materials can be tailored, including the nematic isotropic transition temperature (T NI ), the dielectric constants, the birefringence (Δ n ), elastic constants, and the threshold voltage. Specifically, doping low concentrations of BaTiO 3 nanoparticles (∼1%) into a LC MLC‐6609 increases T NI up to ∼40°C. This giant shift of T NI has never been previously reported and indicates strong interactions between the LC and ferroelectric nanoparticles on a molecular level. The doped LC also demonstrates significant enhancement in birefringence (by 10–30%), dielectric anisotropy (by ∼50%), and the elastic constant K 33 (by ∼20%). Ferroparticles act as molecular additives and modify the intrinsic properties of LC materials without time consuming and expensive chemical synthesis. The new LC materials are very attractive and suitable for use in displays, switchable lenses, beam steering, as well as other light‐controlling devices.
Synthesis and characterization of colloidal dispersions of fluorescent, monodisperse silica spheres (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of colloidal dispersions of fluorescent, monodisperse silica spheresA. Van Blaaderen and A. VrijCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 12, 2921–2931Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00048a013https://doi.org/10.1021/la00048a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9038Altmetric-Citations606LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human Placenta‐Derived Cells Have Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cell Potential (2004)

Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are widely distributed in a variety of tissues in the adult human body (e.g., bone marrow [BM], kidney, lung, and liver). These cells are also present in the fetal environment (e.g., blood, liver, BM, and kidney). However, MSCs are a rare population in these tissues. Here we tried to identify cells with MSC-like potency in human placenta. We isolated adherent cells from trypsin-digested term placentas and established two clones by limiting dilution. We examined these cells for morphology, surface markers, gene expression patterns, and differentiation potential and found that they expressed several stem cell markers, hematopoietic/ endothelial cell-related genes, and organ-specific genes, as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. They also showed osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials under appropriate conditions. We suggest that placenta-derived cells have multilineage differentiation potential similar to MSCs in terms of morphology, cell-surface antigen expression, and gene expression patterns. The placenta may prove to be a useful source of MSCs.
Phase II study of Spherex (degradable starch microspheres) injected into the hepatic artery in conjunction with doxorubicin and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: interim analysis. (1997)

Patients with advanced-stage unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were treated with intrahepatic arterial doxorubicin 30 mg/m2 plus escalating doses of cisplatin up to 100 mg/m2 in conjunction with rapid bolus injection of Spherex (degradable starch microspheres; Kabi Pharmacia, Lund, Sweden) into the hepatic artery, until slowing or reversal of blood flow. Treatments were repeated every 4 to 6 weeks until progression, or were continued indefinitely if there was disease stability or response. Thirty-five evaluable patients have so far been accrued to the study. Objective tumor responses have occurred in 22 patients (63%), of whom 20 had partial responses and two had complete responses. Four of the patients had reversal of tumor-induced portal vein thrombus. Toxicities included death, one patient (and a death of uncertain cause in an additional patient); hepatitis, two patients; pancreatitis, one patient; dyspnea/hypotension, two patients; and hepatic artery nontransient thrombosis in four patients. Six patients have survived 2 years and an additional 10 patients have survived 1 year. The addition of Spherex to intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy for advanced-stage HCC appears to be relatively safe and is well tolerated even in patients with portal vein thrombosis, which represent the majority of patients with advanced-stage HCC.
Identification of ω-N-Methyl-4-hydroxytryptamine (Norpsilocin) as a Psilocybe Natural Product (2017)

We report the identification of ω-N-methyl-4-hydroxytryptamine (norpsilocin, 1) from the carpophores of the hallucinogenic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis. The structure was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Norpsilocin has not previously been reported as a natural product. It likely represents the actual psychotropic agent liberated from its 4-phosphate ester derivative, the known natural product baeocystin. We further present a simple and artifact-free extraction method that prevents dephosphorylation and therefore helps reflect the naturally occurring metabolic profile of Psilocybe mushrooms in subsequent analyses.