gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5-Substituted 2-Thiopheneacetic Acids and Amides as Penicillin Precursors (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT5-Substituted 2-Thiopheneacetic Acids and Amides as Penicillin PrecursorsJared H. Ford, George C. Prescott, and Donald R. ColingsworthCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 5, 2109–2112Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01161a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01161a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flexible Optical Fiber Bending Transducer for Application in Glove-Based Sensors (2014)

The development of a low-cost and flexible optical fiber transducer for measurement of angular displacements is reported. The light intensity attenuation due to fiber microbending losses is correlated to the variations in flexing angle, yielding to a sensitivity of 1.80°. The device was also mounted in a fabric glove to the monitoring of flexion and abduction movements of index and thumb fingers. Once calibrated by a simple procedure, the glove-based system was capable to measure the angular positions with average errors <;5° and 7° for interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints, respectively. Additionally, the repeatability analysis resulted in average range and standard deviations of 8.06° and 3.45°, respectively. The optical fiber sensor provides a low-cost alternative to the real-time monitoring of hand posture, and can be suitable for applications in human-robot and human-computer interactions.
Chemical Modification of Fluorinated Polyimides:  New Thermally Curing Hybrid Polymers with POSS (2006)

A series of four new end-capped and hydroxymethyl-functionalized polyimides were prepared. Through a two-step chemical modification process (3-aminopropyl)(hepta-i-butyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was covalently attached to the polymer backbone. POSS loading levels as high as 36 wt % could be obtained while maintaining excellent processability and optical clarity of thin films. Concurrent attachment of either a cyanate ester or hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) group afforded processable POSS-polyimides that underwent thermal curing to yield solvent-resistant films, both having final Tg's of 251 °C. Kinetic analysis of the cure reactions yielded energy of activations of 93 kJ/mol (cyanate ester) and 103 kJ/mol (HEMA). Exposure of a POSS-polyimide containing ∼31 wt % POSS to atomic oxygen displayed no measurable level of erosion relative to a Kapton H standard.
Photonic crystal structure with square symmetry within each layer and a three-dimensional band gap (2003)

We present a layered photonic crystal structure having a connectivity that is different from diamond which possesses square symmetry within each layer. This structure has a complete photonic band gap of 18% of the midgap frequency with a dielectric contrast of 12:1, and is a structure with layered square symmetry having a gap greater than 10%. We demonstrate a waveguide in this crystal created by removing a row of rods from a single layer.
ANALYSIS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAK CYCLES IN NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA, SINCE 1952 (2005)

Spruce budworm populations in New Brunswick have been surveyed an- nually since 1952 by sampling egg masses (later, overwintering larvae) as part of the insecticide application program. Although not designed for an ecological investigation, we extracted as much information from the survey data as we could with respect to several ecological issues. (1) All populations across the province tended to cycle in unison, although three major regions were distinguished by dissimilarity in peak and trough levels. We found that these regional distinctions were a result of random variation in the egg recruitment rate, rather than due to factors associated with comparatively fixed ecoregional (e.g., to- pographic, climatic, or forest type) characteristics. (2) We found, among all regions, a significant correlation in the rate at which eggs were recruited to each generation, thus providing evidence for the Moran effect as the mechanism underlying population synchrony that caused the province-wide outbreaks. (3) We discuss, with the aid of simulations, the nature and significance of random variations in the egg recruitment rate to explain observed differences in the spatial and temporal patterns of population cycles. Finally, we remark on problems in forecasting.
Patterning Thin Films of Poly(ethylene imine) on a Reactive SAM Using Microcontact Printing (1999)

This paper describes the patterning of poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) on a surface into structures having submicron edge resolution. This procedure consists of three steps: (1) formation of a reactive self-assembled monolayer (SAM) terminating in interchain carboxylic anhydride groups on gold and silver; (2) patterning of this SAM by microcontact printing (μCP) using a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp inked with PEI (this polymer contains primary and secondary amines that are reactive toward the anhydride groups); (3) hydrolysis of the unreacted anhydride groups with base and removal of noncovalently bound PEI. The patterned thin films of PEI are attached covalently to the SAM by amide bonds. The pendant, unreacted primary and secondary amines of the attached PEI can be used as reactive nucleophilic groups in further steps of chemical modification. This type of postmodification has been illustrated by allowing the amine groups of the covalently attached PEI to react with perfluorooctanoyl chloride, palmitoyl chloride, palmitic anhydride, and poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride). The PEI films and their derivatives were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarized infrared external reflectance spectroscopy (PIERS), contact angles of water, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
A Passive Diffusion 222Rn Sampler Based on Activated Carbon Adsorption (1985)

A simple passive sampler for 222Rn with up to 24-hr integration times can be constructed by using a diffusion barrier to regulate the effective sampling rate of an ambient temperature activated carbon bed. The diffusion element serves to make sampler performance relatively independent of the properties of the type of carbon used. Satisfactory results are obtained if the total effective sample volume is kept well below the equivalent air volume of the activated carbon bed. The influence of various temperature and Rn profiles on the sampler's performance have been examined by experiment and by simulation. The amount of Rn adsorbed may be measured by gamma spectroscopy, by outgassing into an alpha scintillation flask, or by desorption into a liquid scintillator. In the latter case, a sensitivity of 0.2 pCi l-1 is obtainable for 24-hr exposures.
Mice homozygous for an insertional mutation in the Zp3 gene lack a zona pellucida and are infertile (1996)

Mammalian oocytes synthesize and secrete a zona pellucida that surrounds the growing oocytes, ovulated eggs and preimplantation embryos. The extracellular zona matrix is composed of three glycoproteins (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3) that are involved in folliculogenesis, species-specific fertilization, and passage of the early embryo down the oviduct. We have established a mouse line in which Zp3 has been inactivated by homologous recombination with an insertional mutation. Neither Zp3 transcripts nor ZP3 protein was detected in female mice homozygous for the mutation (Zp3-/-), whereas both ZP1 and ZP2 were present in mutant oocytes. Homozygous mutant Zp3-/- mice had follicles with germinal-vesicle-intact oocytes but that lacked a zona pellucida matrix and had a disorganized corona radiata. Although mutant oocytes underwent germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) prior to ovulation, the cumulus-oocyte complex was markedly disrupted and the oocytes were often separate from the cumulus cells. After hormone-induced ovulation, cumulus masses were present in the oviducts of homozygous mutant mice, but zona-free eggs were observed in only half of the females and, in these, less than 10% of the normal number [correction of mumber] of eggs were detected. No zona-free 2-cell embryos were recovered from homozygous mutant Zp3-/- female mice after mating with males proven to be fertile, and none became visibly pregnant or produced offspring. These results demonstrate that a genetic defect in a zona pellucida gene causes infertility and, given the conserved nature of the zona pellucida, a similar phenotype is expected in other mammals.
Contactless Stacked-die Testing for Pre-bond Interposers (2014)

A stacked-die product integrates multiple dies on interposers. In this paper, we first discuss the difficulties of traditional testing mechanism for interposers. To improve production yield, a contactless testing mechanism for pre-bond interposers is proposed. Our testing mechanism attempts to detect a defective interposer from the thermal image after heating the interposer. We propose to extract special features from the thermal image and then use a clustering algorithm to determine whether the interposer is defective. Experimental results show that our testing mechanism can efficiently improve the yield from 70.5% to 96.84%.
Growth of Spherules of Coccidioides immitis in a Chemically Defined Liquid Medium (1955)

SummaryA method for growth of the parasitic phase (spherules) of Coccidioides immitis in a chemically defined liquid medium is described. A description of the development and morphology of the structures is included.
Level of minimal residual disease after consolidation therapy predicts outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (2000)

We used flow cytometry to quantify minimal residual disease (MRD) in 56 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) expressing a leukemia-associated phenotype. Thirty-four patients aged 18 to 60 years were entered into the AML-10 protocol (induction, consolidation, and autologous stem-cell transplantation [ASCT]), whereas 22 patients older than 60 years received the AML-13 protocol (induction, consolidation, and consolidation II). After induction, the level of MRD that was best associated with treatment outcome was 4.5 x 10(-4) residual leukemic cells. However, the outcome in patients with at least 4.5 x 10(-4) cells (n = 26) was not significantly different from that in patients with fewer leukemic cells (n = 30); there were 15 (58%) relapses in the first group and 12 (40%) relapses in the second. After consolidation, the most predictive MRD cutoff value was 3.5 x 10(-4) cells: 22 patients had an MRD level of 3.5 x 10(-4) cells or higher and 17 (77%) of these patients had relapse, compared with 5 of 29 patients (17%) with lower MRD levels (P <.001). An MRD level of 3.5 x 10(-4) cells or higher after consolidation was significantly correlated with poor or intermediate-risk cytogenetic findings, a multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) phenotype, short duration of overall survival, and short duration of relapse-free survival (P =.014,.031,.00022, and.00014, respectively). In multivariate analysis, this MRD status was significantly associated with a high frequency of relapse (P <.001) and a short duration of overall (P =.025) and relapse-free survival (P =.007). ASCT did not alter the prognostic effect of high MRD levels after consolidation: the relapse rate after transplantation was 70%. Thus, we found that an MRD level of 3.5 x 10(-4) cells or higher at the end of consolidation strongly predicts relapse and is significantly associated with an MDR1 phenotype and intermediate or unfavorable cytogenetic findings. (Blood. 2000;96:3948-3952)
Genetic markers as prognostic indicators in breast cancer (1992)

A retrospective series showed gene amplification at the erbB2 locus in 22% of rapidly recurrent (RR) tumors and 13% of tumors from long-term tumor-free survivors (LTS), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.18). The erbB2 product was displayed histochemically with equal frequency between those with RR tumors and LTS patients. Moreover, the correlation was poor between different analytic measures on the same tumors. This result was tested using a prospective study of erbB2 to correlate DNA analysis with western blot findings and frozen and fixed histochemical results. Another oncogene, int2, showed significant correlation between amplification and recurrence; 16% of RR tumors showing genetic amplification (P = 0.02). Loci on other chromosomes, 1 (muc1) and 17 (cmm86), also are being investigated in groups selected for differences in survival.
Serpentine superlattice nanowire-array lasers (1995)

We report characterization and modeling of serpentine superlattice nanowire-array lasers. These samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (100) n/sup +/-GaAs vicinal substrates. In-plane ridge-waveguide lasers with ridge stripes either parallel or perpendicular to the nanowire arrays have been characterized at low temperatures. The measured net gain spectra at 1.4 K showed strong optical gain anisotropy such that the TM mode gain became greater than the TE mode gain when the optical cavity was placed along the nanowire direction. This provides strong evidence that the lateral quantum confinement in the serpentine superlattice is stronger than the vertical quantum confinement. Optical gain spectra in the serpentine superlattice are calculated with consideration of coupling between wires and homogeneous line broadening. A good fit to the measured polarization-dependent gain spectra is achieved when the lateral Al segregation and the homogeneous line broadening are chosen to be 8% and 7 meV, respectively. This small but finite Al segregation in the serpentine superlattice provides lateral quantum confinement for holes, which results in significant anisotropy in the relation between net gain and injection current density,.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expression of cell surface transmembrane carbonic anhydrase genes CA9 and CA12 in the human eye: overexpression of CA12 (CAXII) in glaucoma (2003)

Transmembrane CAIX and CAXII enzymes are expressed in the ciliary cells and, thus, may be involved in aqueous humour production. CA12 may be a targeted gene in glaucoma.
The roles of insulin and glucagon in the regulation of hepatic glycogen synthesis and turnover in humans. (1996)

To determine the respective roles of insulin and glucagon for hepatic glycogen synthesis and turnover, hyperglycemic clamps were performed with somatostatin [0.1 micrograms/(kg.min)] in healthy young men under conditions of: (I) basal fasting) portal vein insulinemia-hypoglucagonemia, (II) basal portal vein insulinemia-basal glucagonemia, and (III) basal peripheral insulinemia-hypoglucagonemia. Synthetic rates, pathway (direct versus indirect) contributions, and percent turnover of hepatic glycogen were assessed by in vivo 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy during [1-13C]glucose infusion followed by a natural abundance glucose chase in conjunction with acetaminophen to noninvasively sample the hepatic UDP-glucose pool. In the presence of hyperglycemia (10.4 +/- 0.1 mM) and basal portal vein insulinemia (192 +/- 6 pM), suppression of glucagon secretion (plasma glucagon, I:31 +/- 4, II: 63 +/- 8 pg/ml) doubled the hepatic accumulation of glycogen (Vsyn) compared with conditions of basal glucagonemia [I: 0.40 +/- 0.06, II: 0.19 +/- 0.03 mumol/(liter.min): P < 0.0025]. Glycogen turnover was markedly reduced (I: 19 +/- 7%, II: 69 +/- 12%; P < 0.005), so that net rate of glycogen synthesis increased approximately fivefold (P < 0.001) by inhibition of glucagon secretion. The relative contribution of gluconeogenesis (indirect pathway) to glycogen synthesis was lower during hypoglucagonemia (42 +/- 6%) than during basal glucagonemia (54 +/- 5%; P < 0.005). Under conditions of basal peripheral insulinemia (54 +/- 2 pM) and hypoglucagonemia (III) there was negligible hepatic glycogen synthesis and turnover. In conclusion, small changes in portal vein concentrations of insulin and glucagon independently affect hepatic glycogen synthesis and turnover. Inhibition of glucagon secretion under conditions of hyperglycemia and basal concentrations of insulin results in: (a) twofold increase in rate of hepatic glycogen synthesis, (b) reduction of glycogen turnover by approximately 73%, and (c) augmented percent contribution of the direct pathway to glycogen synthesis compared with conditions of basal glucagonemia.
Redox Modification of Cysteine Residues Regulates the Cytokine Activity of High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) (2011)

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein with extracellular inflammatory cytokine activity. It is released passively during cell injury and necrosis, and secreted actively by immune cells. HMGB1 contains three conserved redox-sensitive cysteine residues: C23 and C45 can form an intramolecular disulfide bond, whereas C106 is unpaired and is essential for the interaction with Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4. However, a comprehensive characterization of the dynamic redox states of each cysteine residue and of their impacts on innate immune responses is lacking. Using tandem mass spectrometric analysis, we now have established that the C106 thiol and the C23-C45 disulfide bond are required for HMGB1 to induce nuclear NF-κB translocation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in macrophages. Both irreversible oxidation to sulphonates and complete reduction to thiols of these cysteines inhibited TNF production markedly. In a proof of concept murine model of hepatic necrosis induced by acetaminophen, during inflammation, the predominant form of serum HMGB1 is the active one, containing a C106 thiol group and a disulfide bond between C23 and C45, whereas the inactive form of HMGB1, containing terminally oxidized cysteines, accumulates during inflammation resolution and hepatic regeneration. These results reveal critical posttranslational redox mechanisms that control the proinflammatory activity of HMGB1 and its inactivation during pathogenesis.
CC Chemokine Receptor-3 Undergoes Prolonged Ligand-induced Internalization (1999)

CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR-3) is a major receptor involved in regulating eosinophil trafficking; therefore, elucidation of ligand-induced CCR-3 events has important implications in understanding the biological and pathological properties of eosinophils. Previous studies have demonstrated that unique receptor events occur in different cell types supporting investigation of CCR-3-mediated events in eosinophilic cells. We now report biochemical characterization of CCR-3 internalization following exposure of eosinophils to CCR-3 ligands. Treatment of freshly isolated human eosinophils with CCR-3 ligands resulted in marked and differential internalization of CCR-3 in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to 100 ng/ml eotaxin reduced surface expression to 43, 43, and 76% at 15 min, 1 h, and 3 h, respectively. RANTES (reduced on activation T cell expressed and secreted) treatment induced more significant and prolonged internalization of CCR-3 than eotaxin; following 100 ng/ml of RANTES, 29, 24, and 47% of the receptor was expressed at 15 min, 3 h, and 18 h, respectively. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that receptor modulation involved receptor internalization by an endocytic pathway shared with the transferrin receptor. Receptor internalization was accompanied by partial degradation of CCR-3, and reexpression of CCR-3 was dependent in part upon de novo protein synthesis. Internalization was not blocked by pretreatment of eosinophils with pertussis toxin. Furthermore, staurosporine did not inhibit internalization although it blocked phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced CCR-3 down-modulation. These results demonstrate that CCR-3 ligands induce differential receptor internalization that is not dependent upon Gi-protein coupling, calcium transients, or protein kinase C.
Intrinsic Functional Connectivity As a Tool For Human Connectomics: Theory, Properties, and Optimization (2009)

Resting state functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) is widely used to investigate brain networks that exhibit correlated fluctuations. While fcMRI does not provide direct measurement of anatomic connectivity, accumulating evidence suggests it is sufficiently constrained by anatomy to allow the architecture of distinct brain systems to be characterized. fcMRI is particularly useful for characterizing large-scale systems that span distributed areas (e.g., polysynaptic cortical pathways, cerebro-cerebellar circuits, cortical-thalamic circuits) and has complementary strengths when contrasted with the other major tool available for human connectomics-high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI). We review what is known about fcMRI and then explore fcMRI data reliability, effects of preprocessing, analysis procedures, and effects of different acquisition parameters across six studies (n = 98) to provide recommendations for optimization. Run length (2-12 min), run structure (1 12-min run or 2 6-min runs), temporal resolution (2.5 or 5.0 s), spatial resolution (2 or 3 mm), and the task (fixation, eyes closed rest, eyes open rest, continuous word-classification) were varied. Results revealed moderate to high test-retest reliability. Run structure, temporal resolution, and spatial resolution minimally influenced fcMRI results while fixation and eyes open rest yielded stronger correlations as contrasted to other task conditions. Commonly used preprocessing steps involving regression of nuisance signals minimized nonspecific (noise) correlations including those associated with respiration. The most surprising finding was that estimates of correlation strengths stabilized with acquisition times as brief as 5 min. The brevity and robustness of fcMRI positions it as a powerful tool for large-scale explorations of genetic influences on brain architecture. We conclude by discussing the strengths and limitations of fcMRI and how it can be combined with HARDI techniques to support the emerging field of human connectomics.
Urine leukotriene B4 in familial Mediterranean fever. (2005)

These findings suggest a persistent activation of the leukotriene pathway in FMF. Whether elevated LTB4 levels are the cause or the effect of inflammation is yet to be determined.
Targeting the ROR1 and ROR2 receptors in epithelial ovarian cancer inhibits cell migration and invasion (2015)

ROR2 expression is increased in epithelial ovarian cancer, and silencing ROR2 and its sister receptor ROR1 has a strong inhibitory effect on the ability of ovarian cancer cells to proliferate, migrate and invade through an extracellular matrix.