gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Studies on Repair of Large Osteochondral Defects at a High Weight Bearing Area of the Knee Joint: A Tissue Engineering Study (1991)

There is a vast clinical need for the development of an animal model to study the fundamentals of healing of injured or diseased diarthrodial joints (knee, hip, shoulder, wrist, etc). Current prosthetic replacements do not offer acceptable treatment for injuries and diseases of these joints in young active individuals. New clinical treatment modalities, based on sound biologic principles, are sought for the development of repair or healing tissues engineered to have similar biomechanical properties as normal articular cartilage. In this paper we present a brief review of this need, and propose a grafting procedure which may lead to a successful animal model for studies of long term repair of major osteochondral defects. This grafting procedure uses an autologous periosteum-bone graft or an autologous-synthetic bone replacement graft. We have applied these grafts for in vivo repair of large surgically created defects in the high weight bearing area of the distal femoral condyle of mature New Zealand white rabbits. Further, an interdisciplinary study, including histochemistry, biochemistry (composition and metabolic activities), and biomechanics (biphasic properties), was performed to assess the feasibility of our animal model to generate viable repair tissues. We found our grafting procedure produced, 8 weeks postoperatively, tissues which were very similar to those found in normal articular cartilage. However, our histological studies indicate incomplete bonding between the repair tissue and the adjacent cartilage, and lack of an appropriate superficial zone at the articular surface. These deficiencies may cause long term failure of the repair tissue. Further studies must be undertaken to enhance development of a strong bond and a collagen-rich surface zone. This may require the use of growth factors (e.g., transforming growth factors beta) capable of simulating extra collagen production, or the use of serum derived tissue glue for bonding. At present, we are pursuing these studies.
Millimeter wave safety warning system for in-vehicle signing (1998)

Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has developed a millimeter wave safety warning system for in-vehicle signing for use in the nation's Intelligent Transportation System (ITS, formerly IVHS). The Safety Warning System TU (SWS) utilizes a homodyne radar that operates at 24.1 GHz as both a radar and a system to transmit highway safety messages. The warning message is received by a police radar detector or stand-alone safety warning receiver without radar detector capability. When the message is received, it is displayed to the driver via an alphanumeric light emitting diode (LED) display. The message can also be announced by a voice synthesizer internal to the receiver or by a flashing LED labeled "SWS." The system is designed to inform the driver that he or she is being overtaken by a police car or emergency vehicle in motion. When the police car or emergency vehicle stops, the radar transmitter senses that the platform is no longer moving and the system automatically changes its message to warn approaching drivers of a stationary hazard ahead. A second safety warning transmitter deployment concept is to mount the unit near the highway at a fixed location. The fixed location SWS is designed to be programmable and transmit any one of 64 fixed text messages.
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Identifies a Subset of Crizotinib-Responsive ALK-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Not Detected by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (2016)

Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) that includes hybrid capture and specific baiting of intron 19 of ALK is a highly sensitive, alternative method for identification of drug-sensitive ALK fusions in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had previously tested negative using standard ALK fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) diagnostic assays. Given the proven benefit of treatment with crizotinib and second-generation ALK inhibitors in patients with ALK fusions, CGP should be considered in patients with NSCLC, including those who have tested negative for other alterations, including negative results using ALK FISH testing.
FCGR2A and FCGR3A Polymorphisms Associated With Clinical Outcome of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Expressing Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated With Single-Agent Cetuximab (2007)

Our preliminary data suggest that these two polymorphisms may be useful molecular markers to predict clinical outcome in metastatic CRC patients treated with cetuximab and that they may indicate a role of ADCC of cetuximab.
Hepatoprotective activity of ellagic acid against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. (1999)

Administration of CCl4 to normal rats and consequent oral feeding with ellagic acid (50 mg/kg) provided a significant protection against the biochemical alterations in serum and liver produced by CCl4. In vitro experiments showed that liver microsomes from animals treated with ellagic acid and CCl4, decreased lipid peroxidation compared to microsome prepared from rats exposed to CCl4 alone.
DeeperLab: Single-Shot Image Parser (2019)

We present a single-shot, bottom-up approach for whole image parsing. Whole image parsing, also known as Panoptic Segmentation, generalizes the tasks of semantic segmentation for 'stuff' classes and instance segmentation for 'thing' classes, assigning both semantic and instance labels to every pixel in an image. Recent approaches to whole image parsing typically employ separate standalone modules for the constituent semantic and instance segmentation tasks and require multiple passes of inference. Instead, the proposed DeeperLab image parser performs whole image parsing with a significantly simpler, fully convolutional approach that jointly addresses the semantic and instance segmentation tasks in a single-shot manner, resulting in a streamlined system that better lends itself to fast processing. For quantitative evaluation, we use both the instance-based Panoptic Quality (PQ) metric and the proposed region-based Parsing Covering (PC) metric, which better captures the image parsing quality on 'stuff' classes and larger object instances. We report experimental results on the challenging Mapillary Vistas dataset, in which our single model achieves 31.95% (val) / 31.6% PQ (test) and 55.26% PC (val) with 3 frames per second (fps) on GPU or near real-time speed (22.6 fps on GPU) with reduced accuracy.
Reducible siRNA Dimeric Conjugates for Efficient Cellular Uptake and Gene Silencing (2011)

In this study, dimerized siRNAs linked by a cleavable disulfide bond were synthesized for efficient intracellular delivery and gene silencing. The reducible dimerized siRNAs showed far enhanced complexation behaviors with cationic polymers as compared to monomeric siRNA at the same N/P ratio, as demonstrated by microscopic techniques and gel characterization. Dimerized siRNAs targeting green fluorescent protein (GFP) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were complexed with linear polyethylenimine (LPEI), and treated to various cell lines to examine gene transfection efficiencies. In comparison to monomer siRNA/LPEI complexes, dimeric siRNA/LPEI complexes showed greatly enhanced cellular uptake and gene silencing effects in vitro. These results were mainly due to the higher charge density and promoted chain flexibility of the dimerized siRNAs, providing more compact and stable siRNA complexes. In addition, the conjugation strategy of reducible siRNA dimers was further extended: poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified dimerized siRNAs and heterodimers of siRNAs targeting two different genes (e.g., GFP and VEGF) were synthesized, and their gene silencing efficiencies were characterized. The dimerized siRNA complex system holds great potential for in vivo systemic gene therapy.
Immunization with Different Viral Antigens Alters the Pattern of T Cell Exhaustion and Latency in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Mice (2010)

We have shown previously that immunization with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein K (gK) exacerbated corneal scarring (CS) in ocularly infected mice. In this study, we investigated whether higher levels of CS were correlated with higher levels of latency and T cell exhaustion in gK-immunized mice. BALB/c mice were vaccinated with baculovirus-expressed gK or gD or mock immunized. Twenty-one days after the third immunization, mice were ocularly infected with 2 × 10(4) PFU/eye of virulent HSV-1 strain McKrae. On day 5 postinfection, virus replication in the eye was measured, and on day 30 postinfection, infiltration of the trigeminal ganglia (TG) by CD4, CD8, programmed death 1 (PD-1), and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) was monitored by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This study demonstrated that higher levels of CS were correlated with higher levels of latency, and this was associated with the presence of significantly higher numbers of CD4(+)PD-1(+) and CD8(+)PD-1(+) cells in the TG of the gK-immunized group than in both the gD- and mock-immunized groups. Levels of exhaustion associated with Tim-3 were the same among gK- and mock-vaccinated groups but higher than levels in the gD-vaccinated group. In this study, we have shown for the first time that both PD-1 and Tim-3 contribute to T cell exhaustion and an increase of latency in the TG of latently infected mice.
Performance of Dental Ceramics: Challenges for Improvements (2011)

The clinical success of modern dental ceramics depends on an array of factors, ranging from initial physical properties of the material itself, to the fabrication and clinical procedures that inevitably damage these brittle materials, and the oral environment. Understanding the influence of these factors on clinical performance has engaged the dental, ceramics, and engineering communities alike. The objective of this review is to first summarize clinical, experimental, and analytic results reported in the recent literature. Additionally, it seeks to address how this new information adds insight into predictive test procedures and reveals challenges for future improvements.
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: comparative cytoarchitectonic analysis in the human and the macaque brain and corticocortical connection patterns (1999)

The cytoarchitecture of the human and the macaque monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has been examined in a strictly comparative manner in order to resolve major discrepancies between the available segmentations of this cortical region in the human and the monkey brain. In addition, the connections of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortical areas were re-examined in the monkey. The present analysis showed that only a restricted portion of what had previously been labelled as area 46 in the monkey has the same characteristics as area 46 of the human brain; the remaining part of this monkey region has the characteristics of a portion of the middle frontal gyrus in the human brain that had previously been included as part of area 9. We have labelled this cortical area as 9/46 in both species. These two areas (i.e. 46 and 9/46), which constitute the lower half of the mid-dorsolateral frontal cortex, have a well-developed granular layer IV, and can easily be distinguished from area 9, on the upper part of the mid-dorsolateral region, which does not have a well-developed granular layer IV. Area 9 has the same basic pattern of connections as areas 46 and 9/46, but, unlike the latter areas, it does not receive input from the lateral parietal cortex. Caudal to area 9, on the dorsomedial portion of the frontal cortex, there is a distinct strip of cortex (area 8B) which, unlike area 9, receives significant input from the prestriate cortex and the medial parietal cortex. The present results provide a basis for a closer integration of findings from functional neuroimaging studies in human subjects with experimental work in the monkey.
<p>Differential Immune Activating, Anti-Inflammatory, and Regenerative Properties of the Aqueous, Ethanol, and Solid Fractions of a Medicinal Mushroom Blend</p> (2020)

The aqueous, ethanol, and insoluble compounds within MMB induced differential immune-activating, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative effects. This in vitro data suggests that, upon consumption, MMB may induce a concerted series of immunomodulatory events based on the differential solubility and bioavailability of the active constituents. These differential responses support both immune-activation and resolution of the host defense-induced inflammatory reactions, thus assisting a post-response return to homeostasis.
Design and binding of a distamycin A analog to d(CGCAAGTTGGC).cntdot.d(GCCAACTTGCG): synthesis, NMR studies, and implications for the design of sequence-specific minor groove binding oligopeptides (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign and binding of a distamycin A analog to d(CGCAAGTTGGC).cntdot.d(GCCAACTTGCG): synthesis, NMR studies, and implications for the design of sequence-specific minor groove binding oligopeptidesTammy J. Dwyer, Bernhard H. Geierstanger, Yadagiri Bathini, J. William Lown, and David E. WemmerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 15, 5911–5919Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00041a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1000 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Written Emotional Disclosure Buffers the Effects of Social Constraints on Distress Among Cancer Patients. (2004)

The aims of the present study were to examine whether written emotional disclosure would reduce distress among cancer patients and whether it would buffer the effects of high levels of social constraint (negative social responses to patients' expressions of emotion regarding their cancer) on distress. Cancer patients (N=104) were randomly assigned to write about their emotions regarding their cancer 20 min a day for 3 days or to write about a nonemotional topic. They completed questionnaires at baseline and 6 months postintervention. Results showed that written disclosure buffered the effects of social constraints on stress at the 6-month follow-up and that avoidance partly mediated these effects. The present data reinforce the notion that interventions should be tailored to patients' needs.
Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample (2010)

The ongoing revolution in high-throughput sequencing continues to democratize the ability of small groups of investigators to map the microbial component of the biosphere. In particular, the coevolution of new sequencing platforms and new software tools allows data acquisition and analysis on an unprecedented scale. Here we report the next stage in this coevolutionary arms race, using the Illumina GAIIx platform to sequence a diverse array of 25 environmental samples and three known "mock communities" at a depth averaging 3.1 million reads per sample. We demonstrate excellent consistency in taxonomic recovery and recapture diversity patterns that were previously reported on the basis of metaanalysis of many studies from the literature (notably, the saline/nonsaline split in environmental samples and the split between host-associated and free-living communities). We also demonstrate that 2,000 Illumina single-end reads are sufficient to recapture the same relationships among samples that we observe with the full dataset. The results thus open up the possibility of conducting large-scale studies analyzing thousands of samples simultaneously to survey microbial communities at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution.
Histoplasma capsulatum modulates the acidification of phagolysosomes. (1993)

The phagolysosome is perhaps the most effective antimicrobial site within macrophages due both to its acidity and to its variety of hydrolytic enzymes. Few species of pathogens survive and multiply in these vesicles. However, one strategy for microbial survival would be to induce a higher pH within these organelles, thus interfering with the activity of many lysosomal enzymes. Altering the intravesicular milieu might also profoundly influence antigen processing, antimicrobial drug delivery, and drug activity. Here we report the first example of an organism proliferating within phagolysosomes that maintain a relatively neutral pH for a sustained period of time. We inoculated P388D1 macrophages with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled Histoplasma capsulatum or zymosan. Using the ratio of fluorescence excitations at 495 and 450 nm, we determined that vesicles containing either virulent or avirulent FITC-labeled H. capsulatum yeasts had a pH one to two units higher than vesicles containing either zymosan or methanol-killed H. capsulatum. The difference in pH remained stable for at least 5.5 h postinoculation. Longer-term studies using cells preincubated with acridine orange indicated that phagolysosomes containing live Histoplasma continued to maintain a relatively neutral pH for at least 30 h. Many agents raise the pH of multiple vesicles within the same cell. In contrast, H. capsulatum affects only the phagolysosome in which it is located; during coinoculation of cells with unlabeled Histoplasma and labeled zymosan, organelles containing zymosan still acidified normally. Similarly, unlabeled zymosan had no influence on the elevated pH of vesicles housing labeled Histoplasma. Thus, zymosan and Histoplasma were segregated into separate phagolysosomes that responded independently to their phagocytized contents. This localized effect might reflect an intrinsic difference between phagosomes housing the two particle types, active buffering by the microbe, or altered ion transport across the phagolysosomal membrane such that acidification is inhibited.
One-pot Synthesis of a Rice-ball-shaped Cyclophane with syn-Diethanoanthracene-fused Dipyrrole and Hexafluorobenzene (2016)

A cyclophane composed of diethanoanthracene (DEA)-fused dipyrrole and tetrafluorobenzene was synthesized by one-pot aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr). Reflecting the fixed angle of DEA-fused dipyrrole, X-ray single-crystal structure analysis of the cyclophane revealed its rice-ball-shaped structure.
A transparent sheet display by plastic MEMS (2006)

Abstract— A new type of color‐image display pixel based on MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology of plastic materials is presented. The mechanism for making color is optical interference using a Fabry‐Perot interferometer. A thin sheet of PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) with a metal half‐mirror was laminated over a glass or PEN substrate with an optical cavity inside. The electrostatically controlled deformation of the PEN film changes the color of the transmitting light by interference within the optical cavity. Color pixels of three primary colors (red, green, and blue) were successfully developed and demonstrated, with a driving voltage ranging from 80 to 120 V dc . Thanks to the mechanical flexibility of the PEN films, the display could operate even when placed on a curved surface.
In-plane microactuator for fluid control application (2002)

We introduce a new approach that alters the local flow condition using electrostatically driven microactuator moving in the in-plane direction such that form drag of the actuator can be eliminated. This is in contrast to the electromagnetically driven microflap moving normal to the substrate. A 60 /spl mu/m/spl times/200 /spl mu/m plate moving parallel to the substrate surface induces a "spanwise velocity" into the flow field. This spanwise velocity, when applied to the near-wall streaks, increases the transport of high-speed fluid away from the wall, therefore causing reduction in viscous drag. The microplate is attached at the end of a microcantilever capable of, even in non-resonance, large tip deflection (>100 /spl mu/m), tested at the operation frequencies of 500-1200 Hz. The cantilever is of a high-aspect-ratio structure (2 /spl mu/m wide, 6-17 /spl mu/m thick silicon) to ensure parallel motion over a long distance and provide robustness against out-of-plane deflection under external disturbances from the flow. We report the design and one-mask fabrication of the in-plane microactuator array made from Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) wafers and experimental verification of the induced Stoke's flow and a local fluid flow.
MECHANISMS OF WOOD DIGESTION IN THE SHIPWORMBANKIA GOULDIBARTSCH: ENZYME DEGRADATION OF CELLULOSES, HEMICELLULOSES, AND WOOD CELL WALLS (1978)

Tissue extracts from the digestive tract of the wood-boring bivalve Bankia gouldi were tested for their ability to degrade celluloses and wood to soluble sugars. Tissue extracts showed high levels of glucose production from cellobiose, demonstrating the presence of β-glucosidase. The crystal structure of cellulose determines its lability to enzymes. Microcrystalline cellulose (MC) was used as an analogue to native crystalline cellulose in wood cell walls. Swollen microcrystalline cellulose (SMC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are more labile celluloses. Bankia goudi extracts showed maximum activity on SMC and minimum activity on MC, when assayed as glucose production. When assayed over time, glucose production from SMC gradually declined as a function of enzyme inactivation and decreasing substrate lability. These results are interpreted as showing the removal of a cellulose fraction of altered crystal structure, leaving the more inert native crystalline fraction. Activity of Bankia gouldi extracts over time was compared to commercial cellulose-digesting enzyme preparations. The pattern of activity closely resembles that of Aspergillus niger, a fungus unable to grow on native crystalline cellulose. The pattern is very different from that seen with Trichoderma viride and Helix pomatia enzymes, characterized as true cellulose decomposing systems. The production of glucose from ground wood by Bankia gouldi extracts is consistent with the crystallinity of the substrate and the results for purified cellulose. A higher level of production of reducing sugars other than glucose indicates the digestion of wood hemicelluloses. Digestibility of wood hemicelluloses is limited by the lignin fraction in the wood cell wall. The experimental results were interpreted in terms of a model for the molecular architecture of the wood cell wall. The cellulose is present as crystalline fibrils coated with hydrophilic hemicellulose polymers. These coated fibrils are embedded in a hydrophobic lignin matrix. The digestibility of wood is a function of polymer accessibility and lability to digestive enzymes. The enzymes demonstrated in vitro in Bankia gouldi tissue extracts are β-1,4-glucanases with limited activity on native crystalline cellulose, which they cannot digest at a nutritionally significant rate. The mechanism of cellulose digestion by shipworms remains an unsolved problem.