gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency-Domain Algorithms for Audio Signal Enhancement Based on Transient Modification (2006)

Two processing approaches that enable perceptually compelling modification of audio signals via accentuation or suppression of transients are described. The first algorithm uses a frequency-domain analysis and a soft-decision paradigm to characterize transients in the signal; the transient characterization is then used to drive a nonlinear frequency-domain modification. In the second algorithm the modulation spectrum of the audio signal is manipulated by modifying the time trajectories of spectral envelopes in different frequency bands; scaling of higher modulation frequencies with shelving filters is used to modify rapidly changing signal events, thus altering transient components without the need for explicit detection. The algorithms are described in detail and it is demonstrated that they can achieve substantial modification of a signal's perceptual attributes without introducing significant artifacts.
Neutralizing antibodies are positively associated with CD4+ T-cell counts and T-cell function in long-term AIDS-free infection (1998)

NAb were preferentially found in subjects with relatively preserved T-cell function and CD4+ T-cell numbers. In these individuals, neutralizing activity against heterologous isolates increased with time. These data suggest that the capacity to produce broadly NAb is a function of the integrity of the immune system.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cardiac Biopsies From Heart Transplantation Patients (2004)

Although any of the tissues examined could serve as a surrogate for cardiac omega-3 FA content, RBC EPA+DHA was highly correlated with cardiac EPA+DHA; the RBC omega-3 response to supplementation was similar to that of the heart; RBCs are easily collected and analyzed; and they have a less variable FA composition than plasma. Therefore, RBC EPA+DHA (also called the Omega-3 Index) may be the preferred surrogate for cardiac omega-3 FA status.
Multidrug-resistant Cancer Cells Facilitate E1-independent Adenoviral Replication (2004)

Resistance to chemotherapy is responsible for a failure of current treatment regimens in cancer patients. We have reported previously that the Y-box protein YB-1 regulates expression of the P-glycoprotein gene mdr1, which plays a major role in the development of a multidrug resistant-tumor phenotype. YB-1 predicts drug resistance and patient outcome in breast cancer. Thus, YB-1 is a promising target for new therapeutic approaches to defeat multidrug resistance. In drug-resistant cancer cells and in adenovirus-infected cells YB-1 is found in the nucleus. Nuclear accumulation of YB-1 in adenovirus-infected cells is a function of the E1 region, and we have shown that YB-1 facilitates adenovirus replication. Here we report that E1A-deleted or mutant adenovirus vectors, such as Ad312 and Ad520, replicate efficiently in multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells and induce an adenovirus cytopathic effect resulting in host cell lysis. Thus, replication-defective adenoviruses are a previously unrecognized vector system for a selective elimination of MDR cancer cells. Our work forms the basis for the development of novel oncolytic adenovirus vectors for the treatment of MDR malignant diseases in the clinical setting.
Molecular analyses of the lactococcin A gene cluster from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis WM4 (1992)

The genes responsible for bacteriocin production and immunity in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis WM4 were localized and characterized by DNA restriction fragment deletion, subcloning, and nucleotide sequence analysis. The nucleotide sequence of a 5.6-kb AvaII restriction fragment revealed a cluster with five complete open reading frames (ORFs) in the same orientation. DNA and protein homology analyses, combined with deletion and Tn5 insertion mutagenesis, implicated four of the ORFs in the production of and immunity to lactococcin A. The last two ORFs in the cluster were the lactococcin A structural and immunity genes, lcnA and lciA. The two ORFs immediately upstream of lcnA and lciA were designated lcnC and lcnD, and the proteins that they encoded showed similarities to proteins of signal sequence-independent secretion systems. lcnC encodes a protein of 716 amino acids that could belong to the HlyB family of ATP-dependent membrane translocators. LcnC contains an ATP binding domain in a conserved C-terminal stretch of approximately 200 amino acids and three putative hydrophobic segments in the N terminus. The lcnD product, LcnD, of 474 amino acids, is essential for lactococcin A expression and shows structural similarities to HlyD and its homologs. On the basis of these results, a secretion apparatus that is essential for the full expression of active lactococcin A is postulated.
Online and offline tools for head movement compensation in MEG (2012)

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is measured above the head, which makes it sensitive to variations of the head position with respect to the sensors. Head movements blur the topography of the neuronal sources of the MEG signal, increase localization errors, and reduce statistical sensitivity. Here we describe two novel and readily applicable methods that compensate for the detrimental effects of head motion on the statistical sensitivity of MEG experiments. First, we introduce an online procedure that continuously monitors head position. Second, we describe an offline analysis method that takes into account the head position time-series. We quantify the performance of these methods in the context of three different experimental settings, involving somatosensory, visual and auditory stimuli, assessing both individual and group-level statistics. The online head localization procedure allowed for optimal repositioning of the subjects over multiple sessions, resulting in a 28% reduction of the variance in dipole position and an improvement of up to 15% in statistical sensitivity. Offline incorporation of the head position time-series into the general linear model resulted in improvements of group-level statistical sensitivity between 15% and 29%. These tools can substantially reduce the influence of head movement within and between sessions, increasing the sensitivity of many cognitive neuroscience experiments.
Enhanced radiation sensitivity in prostate cancer by inhibition of the cell survival protein clusterin. (2002)

These findings support the hypothesis that clusterin acts as a cell survival protein that mediates radioresistance through the inhibition of apoptosis. In vivo results further suggest that inactivation of clusterin using ASO technology might offer a novel strategy to improve results of radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients.
Teleoperation for continuous miners and haulage equipment (1992)

Hard-wired or radio remote control of continuous mining machines situates the machine operator off-board but within direct view of the underground coal face. The operator is positioned under permanent roof support but is still exposed to the hazards of roof and rib falls, dust, and methane explosions. The US Bureau of Mines, working with a private cooperator since 1985, has developed an off-board, computer-based remote control system that stations the operator hundreds of feet away from the working face in a highwall mining operation. Details of this teleoperated highwall mining system (continuous miner plus continuous haulage) at a West Virginia field trial site are described, along with plans to incorporate this technology for thin-seam extraction and haulage equipment in deep, room-and-pillar coal mines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tone Reservation's Complexity Reduction Using Fast Calculation of Maximal IDFT Element (2008)

High peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is a main area of concern in multi-carrier signals like Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulated signals and several techniques have been devised to reduce PAPR. One of these PAPR reduction techniques is 'Tone Reservation' where PAPR is reduced by adding tones to the useful data tones to reduce the temporal signal's peak. IDFT is performed to see the effect of the added tones on temporal signal's peak and then the tones are adjusted in frequency domain accordingly to minimize this peak. Enormous use of IDFT operations to get optimized reserved tones makes Tone Reservation technique quite complex. During this optimization process, only the knowledge of maximal IDFT element is required though. Truncated IDFT algorithm calculates only this value and not the complete IDFT output and thus it makes the Tone Reservation's IDFT complexity O(1.5N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">itr</sub> .N) instead of O(N.N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">itr</sub> .log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (N)) where N and N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">itr</sub> are size of IDFT and number of algorithm iterations respectively. This complexity reduction is achieved at the cost of less PAPR reduction. Afterwards, a combination of Truncated and classical IDFT algorithms is presented to be used for tone optimization which improves the PAPR reduction performance. It is observed that the complexity is reduced to half using this combination when compared to Tone Reservation classical IDFT complexity at the cost of 0.3 dB performance loss.
One-tube and one-buffer system of RT-PCR amplification of 1D gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus field isolates. (1997)

A method of reverse transcription (RT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 1D (VP1) gene of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus using one reaction mixture containing both avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) reverse transcriptase (RTase) and Tfl DNA polymerase is described. The procedure was time saving, made use of a single buffer for both RT and subsequent amplification and performed better than the two-step procedure usually conducted with Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) RTase and Taq DNA polymerase for amplification of the VP1 gene of field isolates of FMD virus serotypes O,-A, C and Asia 1. The failure to amplify the VP1 gene of many type O and Asia 1 viruses using MMLV RTase-Taq polymerase enzyme system could be overcome by performing RT of the viral genome at a higher temperature (48 degrees C) with AMV RTase which is not possible with MMLV RTase.
Donor−Acceptor Polymer with Benzotriazole Moiety: Enhancing the Electrochromic Properties of the “Donor Unit” (2008)

A new donor−acceptor type polymer poly(4,7-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-2-dodecyl-2H-benzo [1,2,3] triazole) (PBEBT) was synthesized and its electrochromic properties were investigated. Spectroelectrochemistry studies for PBEBT showed an absorption maximum at 618 nm which is nearly identical to that of poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) where polymer has a saturated blue color in its neutral state. However, PBEBT film revealed better properties than that of PEDOT in terms of optical contrast, switching time and coloration efficiency. Additionally, electrochemical and spectral results conclude that PBEBT is a both p- and n-type dopable polymer. PBEBT proved to be a superior option for electrochromic display device applications.
Occupation times for two state Markov chains (1971)

Consider first a Markov chain with two ergodic states E 1 and E 2 , and discrete time parameter set {0, 1, 2, ···, n }. Define the random variables Z 0 , Z 1 , Z 2 , ···, Z n by then the conditional probabilities for k = 1,2,···, n , are independent of k . Thus the matrix of transition probabilities is
Development of Mesoscale Actuator Device with Microinterlocking Mechanism (1998)

A novel proof-of-concept prototype Mesoscale Actuator Device (MAD) is described in this paper. The MAD is similar to piezoelectric driven inchworm motors with the exception that mechanically interlocking microridges replace the traditional frictional clamping mechanisms. The interlocked microridges, microfabricated from single crystal silicon, are shown to support macroscopic loads with exact values dependent upon manufacturing processes. Tests conducted on the current design demonstrate that the interlocked microridges support 16 MPa in shear or that two sets of 3 x 5 mm locked chips support a 50 kgf. Operation of a prototype MAD device containing microridges is accomplished at relatively large frequencies using an open loop control signal. Synchronizing the locking and unlocking of the microridges with the elongating and contracting actuator requires a dedicated waveform in the voltage signal supplied and permitted large operational frequencies. The system was successfully operated from 0.2 Hz to 500 Hz corresponding to speeds from 2,um/s to 5 mm/s. The upper limit (500 Hz) was imposed by software limitations and not related to physical limitations of the current device.
Continuous Multicore Optical Fiber Grating Arrays for Distributed Sensing Applications (2017)

We describe the fabrication and distributed sensing capabilities of very long continuous fiber grating sensor arrays in a twisted multicore fiber. The continuous gratings are fabricated in fibers with UV transparent coating using a flexible and scalable reel-to-reel processing system. Single-frequency continuous gratings are characterized using optical frequency-domain reflectometry and a shape reconstruction algorithm to measure fiber bend radius. Broadband reflection gratings are shown to act as enhanced quasi-Rayleigh scattering elements allowing for distributed temperature measurements in the presence of 10-dB transmission loss.
Probiotic strainLactobacillus plantarum299v increases iron absorption from an iron-supplemented fruit drink: a double-isotope cross-over single-blind study in women of reproductive age (2015)

Iron deficiency is common, especially among young women. Adding probiotics to foods could be one way to increase iron absorption. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that non-haem iron absorption from a fruit drink is improved by adding Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v). Iron absorption was studied in healthy women of reproductive age using a single-blind cross-over design in two trials applying the double-isotope (55Fe and 59Fe) technique. In Trial 1, iron absorption from a fruit drink containing 109 colony-forming units (CFU) Lp299v was compared with that from a control drink without Lp299v. Trial 2 had the same design but 1010 CFU were used. The test and control drinks contained approximately 5 mg of iron as ferrous lactate and were labelled with 59Fe (B) and 55Fe (A), respectively, and consumed on 4 consecutive days in the order AABB. Retention of the isotopes was measured with whole-body counting and in blood. Mean iron absorption from the drink containing 109 CFU Lp299v (28·6(sd 12·5) %) was significantly higher than from the control drink (18·5(sd 5·8) %), n 10, P<0·028). The fruit drink with 1010 CFU Lp299v gave a mean iron absorption of 29·1(sd 17·0) %, whereas the control drink gave an absorption of (20·1(sd 6·4) %) (n 11, P<0·080). The difference in iron absorption between the 109 CFU Lp299v and the 1010 CFU Lp299v drinks was not significant (P=0·941). In conclusion, intake of probiotics can increase iron absorption by approximately 50 % from a fruit drink having an already relatively high iron bioavailability.
Mechanisms Contributing to Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease Treated with Bardoxolone Methyl (2014)

The totality of the evidence suggests that through modulation of the endothelin pathway, bardoxolone methyl may pharmacologically promote acute sodium and volume retention and increase blood pressure in patients with more advanced CKD.
Enterobactin: An archetype for microbial iron transport (2003)

Bacteria have aggressive acquisition processes for iron, an essential nutrient. Siderophores are small iron chelators that facilitate cellular iron transport. The siderophore enterobactin is a triscatechol derivative of a cyclic triserine lactone. Studies of the chemistry, regulation, synthesis, recognition, and transport of enterobactin make it perhaps the best understood of the siderophore-mediated iron uptake systems, displaying a lot of function packed into this small molecule. However, recent surprises include the isolation of corynebactin, a closely related trithreonine triscatechol derivative lactone first found in Gram-positive bacteria, and the crystal structure of a ferric enterobactin complex of a protein identified as an antibacterial component of the human innate immune system.
Antipyretic actions of human recombinant lipocortin‐1 (1991)

The effect of human recombinant lipocortin-1 (hrLC-1) on the pyrogenic actions of the synthetic polyribonucleotide polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) has been studied in conscious rabbits. Poly I:C (2.5 micrograms kg-1) given i.v. produced a biphasic fever with a first peak after 90-105 min and a second peak between 225-240 min. hrLC-1 (50 micrograms kg-1) given i.v. simultaneously with the poly I:C produced a significant reduction in the febrile response but without complete suppression. The thermal response index over 5 h (TRI5) was 4.69 +/- 0.51 for poly I:C given with saline and the TRI5 for poly I:C given with hrLC-1 was 2.66 +/- 0.45 (values are for n = 5 +/- s.e. mean, P less than 0.05). hrLC-1 administered alone had no effect on body temperature and its antipyretic activity was lost on heating. In a separate series of experiments 1 h pretreatment with dexamethasone (1 mg kg-1) given i.v. reduced the pyrogenic response (TRI5) to poly I:C (2.5 micrograms kg-1) from 4.87 +/- 0.54 without dexamethasone to 2.00 +/- 0.25 (n = 5, P less than 0.05) and dexamethasone given alone had no effect on body temperature. These data demonstrate that LC-1 possesses antipyretic actions and raises the possibility that the antipyretic actions of dexamethasone are mediated through the induction of LC-1.
A novel, sensitive detection system for high-density microarrays using dendrimer technology (2000)

To improve signal detection on cDNA microarrays, we adapted a fluorescent oligonucleotide dendrimeric signal amplification system to microarray technology. This signal detection method requires 16-fold less RNA for probe synthesis, does not depend on the incorporation of fluorescent dNTPs into a reverse transcription reaction, generates a high signal-to-background ratio, and can be used to allow for multichannel detection on a single chip. Furthermore, since the dendrimers can be detected individually, it may be possible, by employing dendrimer-binding standards, to calculate the numbers of bound cDNAs can be estimated. These features make the dendrimer signal detection reagent ideal for high-throughput functional genomics research.
Hybrid Integrated Silicon Microfluidic Platform for Fluorescence Based Biodetection (2007)

The desideratum to develop a fully integrated Lab-on-a-chip device capable ofrapid specimen detection for high throughput in-situ biomedical diagnoses and Point-of-Care testing applications has called for the integration of some of the novel technologiessuch as the microfluidics, microphotonics, immunoproteomics and Micro ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS). In the present work, a silicon based microfluidic device hasbeen developed for carrying out fluorescence based immunoassay. By hybrid attachment ofthe microfluidic device with a Spectrometer-on-chip, the feasibility of synthesizing anintegrated Lab-on-a-chip type device for fluorescence based biosensing has beendemonstrated. Biodetection using the microfluidic device has been carried out usingantigen sheep IgG and Alexafluor-647 tagged antibody particles and the experimentalresults prove that silicon is a compatible material for the present application given thevarious advantages it offers such as cost-effectiveness, ease of bulk microfabrication,superior surface affinity to biomolecules, ease of disposability of the device etc., and is thussuitable for fabricating Lab-on-a-chip type devices.
Therapeutic effects of serotonin uptake inhibitors in depression. (1986)

Depression has been associated with a disturbance in serotonin function as reflected in platelet uptake of the transmitter as well as in CSF levels of its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). CSF 5-HIAA levels are subnormal in approximately 30% of melancholia patients. Early studies suggested that patients with a disturbed serotonin metabolism were less responsive to treatment with uptake inhibitors with a preferential action on noradrenaline neurons. Such findings encouraged the search for compounds with a selective effect on serotonin neurons. Although some classical antidepressants are potent inhibitors of serotonin uptake, they are not selective, since their metabolites, which appear to have antidepressant effects, inhibit noradrenaline uptake. The consistent findings of an increased risk for suicide in patients with low CSF 5-HIAA underlines the importance of exploring drugs that act on serotonin transmission. The biochemical effects of some serotonin uptake inhibitors and their clinical and research potential in depression are reviewed.
The Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease and the Acute Coronary Syndromes (1992)

IN the 19th century there were two major hypotheses to explain the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: the "incrustation" hypothesis and the "lipid" hypothesis. The incrustation hypothesis of von Rokitansky,1 proposed in 1852 and modified by Duguid,2 suggested that intimal thickening resulted from fibrin deposition, with subsequent organization by fibroblasts and secondary lipid accumulation. The lipid hypothesis, proposed by Virchow3 in 1856, suggested that lipid in the arterial wall represented a transduction of blood lipid, which subsequently formed complexes with acid mucopolysaccharides; lipid accumulated in arterial walls because mechanisms of lipid deposition predominated over those of removal. The two hypotheses are now . . .
Surgical Thoracotomy Simulator (2009)

Final report and team photo for Project 07 of ME450, Fall 2009 semester.
Presence of a lysosomal enzyme, arylsulfatase-A, in the prelysosome-endosome compartments of human cultured fibroblasts. (1989)

Although endosomes and lysosomes are associated with different subcellular functions, we present evidence that a lysosomal enzyme, arylsulfatase-A, is present in prelysosomal vesicles which constitute part of the endosomal compartment. When human cultured fibroblasts were subfractionated with Percoll gradients, arylsulfatase-A activity was enriched in three subcellular fractions: dense lysosomes, light lysosomes, and light membranous vesicles. Pulsing the cells for 1 to 10 min with the fluid-phase endocytic marker, horseradish peroxidase, showed that endosomes enriched with the marker were distributed partly in the light lysosome fraction but mainly in the light membranous fraction. By pulsing the fibroblasts for 10 min with horseradish peroxidase conjugated to colloidal gold and then staining the light membranous and light lysosomal fractions for arylsulfatase-A activity with a specific cytochemical technique, the endocytic marker was detected under the electron microscope in the same vesicles as the lysosomal enzyme. The origin of the lysosomal enzyme in this endosomal compartment was shown not to be acquired through mannose 6-phosphate receptor-mediated endocytosis of enzymes previously secreted from the cell. Together with our recent finding that the light membranous fraction contains prelysosomes distinct from bona fide lysosomes and was highly enriched with newly synthesized arylsulfatase-A molecules, these results demonstrate that prelysosomes also constitute part of the endosomal compartment to which intracellular lysosomal enzymes are targeted.