gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model-based 2D&3D dominant motion estimation for mosaicing and video representation (2002)

It is fairly common in video sequences that a mostly fixed background (scene) is imaged with or without objects. The dominant background changes in the image plane mostly due to camera operations and motion (zoom, pan, tilt, track etc.). We address the problem of computation of the dominant image transformation over time and demonstrate how this can be effectively used for efficient video representation through video mosaicing and image registration. We formulate the problem of dominant component estimation as that of model based robust estimation using M estimators with direct, multi resolution methods. In addition to 2D affine and plane projective models, that have been used in the past for describing image motion using direct methods, we also employ a true 3D model of motion and scene structure imaged with uncalibrated cameras. This model parameterizes the image motion as that due to a planar component and a parallax component. For rigid 3D scenes imaged under camera motion only, least squares (LS) methods with the plane and parallax parameterization are also presented. Furthermore, in the context of robust estimation, in contrast with previous approaches for similar problems, our algorithm employs an automatic computation of a scale parameter that is crucial in rejecting the non dominant components as outliers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Signalling properties of FLT4, a proteolytically processed receptor tyrosine kinase related to two VEGF receptors. (1994)

The FLT4, FLT1 and KDR/FLK1 genes encode structurally similar endothelial cell receptor tyrosine kinases. Recently it has been shown that the FLT1 and KDR/FLK-1 proteins function as high-affinity receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here we show that FLT4 does not act as a receptor for VEGF, as VEGF did not show specific binding to the FLT4 tyrosine kinase or induce its autophosphorylation. Also, FLT4 did not interact with KDR in response to VEGF. However, when fused with the ligand binding domain of the colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), the FLT4 tyrosine kinase was specifically activated by CSF-1. The activated FLT4 tyrosine kinase domain was found to interact with the Src homology 2 domains of the SHC and GRB2 adaptor proteins in vitro and with SHC in cells. CSF-1 stimulation of the CSF-1R/FLT4 receptor chimera induced thymidine incorporation in serum-starved NIH3T3 fibroblasts, but not in porcine aortic or murine lung capillary endothelial cells, although tyrosyl phosphorylation of the receptor and SHC occurred in these cells as well. These results suggest that the endothelial cell FLT4 receptor tyrosine kinase transmits signals for an as yet unidentified growth factor.
Novel diarylsulphide derivatives as potential cytotoxic agents. (1995)

A series of diarylsulphides bearing amino, acetamido, sulphonamido, benzamido or arylideneamino synthons have been synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Some of the tested compounds proved to possess a remarkable activity. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic and biological data are reported.
Conclusion (2001)

À l’issue de notre approche socio-historique, nous avons évoqué dans la première partie de ce travail le peu d’enthousiasme des enseignants pour une modification du fonctionnement de l’école. Nous avons de même mentionné les réserves émises par certains syndicats devant la possible instauration d’une école encore plus inégalitaire sous des aspects pourtant plus démocratiques. Au début des années quatre-vingt l’école primaire se trouve reléguée au second plan pour l’élaboration de projets alor...
Combining labeled and unlabeled data with co-training (1998)

We consider the problem of using a large unlabeled sample to boost performance of a learning algorit,hrn when only a small set of labeled examples is available.
Bacterial Ligands Generated in a Phagosome Are Targets of the Cytosolic Innate Immune System (2007)

Macrophages are permissive hosts to intracellular pathogens, but upon activation become microbiocidal effectors of innate and cell-mediated immunity. How the fate of internalized microorganisms is monitored by macrophages, and how that information is integrated to stimulate specific immune responses is not understood. Activation of macrophages with interferon (IFN)-gamma leads to rapid killing and degradation of Listeria monocytogenes in a phagosome, thus preventing escape of bacteria to the cytosol. Here, we show that activated macrophages induce a specific gene expression program to L. monocytogenes degraded in the phago-lysosome. In addition to activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, degraded bacteria also activated a TLR-independent transcriptional response that was similar to the response induced by cytosolic L. monocytogenes. More specifically, degraded bacteria induced a TLR-independent IFN-beta response that was previously shown to be specific to cytosolic bacteria and not to intact bacteria localized to the phagosome. This response required the generation of bacterial ligands in the phago-lysosome and was largely dependent on nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), a cytosolic receptor known to respond to bacterial peptidoglycan fragments. The NOD2-dependent response to degraded bacteria required the phagosomal membrane potential and the activity of lysosomal proteases. The NOD2-dependent IFN-beta production resulted from synergism with other cytosolic microbial sensors. This study supports the hypothesis that in activated macrophages, cytosolic innate immune receptors are activated by bacterial ligands generated in the phagosome and transported to the cytosol.
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (2007)

The vascular endothelium, positioned at the interface between the components of the blood and the interstitial milieu, plays a strategic role in the control of vascular physiology and maintenance of body homeostasis. It directs transendothelial gradients of molecules, regulates vascular tone, controls thrombosis, and is a crucial regulator of vascular redox state (1–4). Additionally, one of the most intensely studied and best characterized functions of endothelial cells (ECs) is their participation in innate and adaptive immunity, key steps in response to infection and tissue injury (5).
Oriented diamond films grown on nickel substrates (1993)

A previously reported multistep hot filament chemical vapor deposition process for nucleating diamond directly on nickel substrates has been further refined to increase the nucleation density and improve the orientation of diamond films. The process employed heavy seeding of both 〈100〉 and 〈111〉 oriented single crystal Ni surfaces with diamond powders to enhance the nucleation density of diamond films. The deposition conditions were adjusted to allow for 〈100〉 and 〈111〉 orientations to grow on similarly oriented substrates to form nearly complete films with grain boundaries being eliminated. Thus, the technique holds promise for developing heteroepitaxial diamond films for microelectronics applications.
Proteins of irons metabolism (2002)

IRON ABSORPTION Introduction Iron Requirements Iron Digestion Iron Absorption Physiologic Regulation of Iron Absorption Iron Bioavailability Absorption of Heme Iron References IRON AND CELL PROLIFERATION: MECHANISMS AND APPLICATIONS IN CANCER THERAPY Introduction Ribonucleotide Reductase: A Key Enzyme in the Control of DNA Synthesis Iron and Cell Cycle Control Inhibition of Cell Proliferation by Agents that Reduce Cellular Iron Incorporation Iron and Cancer References LACTOFERRIN Introduction Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Lactoferrin Lactoferrin Receptors Functions of Lactoferrin Lactoferrin Expression in Neutrophils and Mammary Glands Lactoferrin Expression during Development References TRANSFERRIN Introduction Comparative Analysis of the Structures of Transferrin Family Proteins Transferrin Genetic Variants Biochemical Properties of Serum Transferrin Transferrin Gene Expression Transferrin and Microbiology Transferrin as a Growth Factor Congenital Atransferrinemia Transferrin as a Transporter of Drugs References TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR Introduction General Features Molecular Biology Transferrin Receptor Glycosylation Trandferrin Receptor Endocytosis Transferrin Receptor Phosphorylation Intracellular Pools of Transferrin Receptors Effect of Ca2+ and Oxidation on Transferrin Receptor Internalization Tissue Distribution and Expression on Selected Cell Types Regulation of Transferrin Receptors Expression and Regulation in Different Cell Types Interaction between Transferrin Receptors and HFE: The Class I MHC-Related Protein Mutated in Hereditary Hemochromatosis A General Overview of Iron Uptake Mechanisms in Various Cell Types References SOLUBLE TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR Introduction Generation of Soluble Transferrin Receptor Circulation in Human Serum Clinical Relevance References ALTERNATIVE IRON UPTAKE SYSTEMS Transferrin-Idependent Iron Uptake Proton-Coupled Metal Ion Transporter Mechanisms of Iron Transport in and out of Cells: Role of Ceruloplasmin HFE Melanotransferrin References IRON-RESPONSIVE ELEMENTS AND IRON REGULATORY PROTEINS Introduction: The Discovery of Iron Responsive Elements (IRE) and Iron Regulatory Proteins (IRP) Secondary and Tertiary Structures of IRE Iron Regulatory Proteins Role of IRP in Mediating Transferrin mRNA Stability Role of IRP in the Control of Ferritin Translation Evolution of IRPs Regulation of IRP Activity by Nitric Oxide Regulation of IRP by Oxidative Stress Role of Phosphorylation in the Control of IRP Activity Role of Heme in the Regulation of IRP Activity IRPs Coordinate In Vivo Iron Metabolism Tissue-Dependent Regulation of IRP Activity Conclusions References FERRITIN Introduction Evolution of Ferritins Three-Dimensional Structure of Ferritin Ferroxidase Activity of Ferritin Role of Phosphate on Iron Oxidation and Iron-Core Formation Iron Release from Ferritin Hemosiderin Serum Ferritin Ferritin Genes Transcriptional Control of Ferritin Gene Expression Ferritin and Endothelium Ferritin in Tumor Cells Ferritin Expression and Function in Selected Tissues Unexpected Functions of Ferritin References INDEX
Epitope of the Vaccine-TypeBordetella pertussisStrain 186 Lipooligosaccharide and Antiendotoxin Activity of Antibodies Directed against the Terminal Pentasaccharide-Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate (2005)

Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) isolated from Bordetella pertussis strains 186 and 606 were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). These analyses distinguished between the LOS of strains 186 and 606, suggesting that the structure of LOS in B. pertussis is heterogeneous. The pentasaccharide was selectively cleaved from LOS of B. pertussis strain 186, purified, and covalently linked to a monomer fraction of tetanus toxoid. Injection of rabbits with the neoglycoconjugate emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant yielded immunoglobulin G antibodies that were reactive with the LOS. These antibodies reacted strongly with B. pertussis LOS possessing the complete dodecasaccharide, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting, and flow cytometry with intact, live bacterial cells. The binding epitope within the pentasaccharide was investigated by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy. Protons H-1 and H-4 of the terminal alpha-D-GlcpNAc and proton H-6 and protons of an N-methyl group at H-4 of 3-substituted beta-L-FucpNAc4NMe exhibited the largest saturation transfers. STD NMR experiments confirmed that the immunodominant epitope recognized by the antineoglycoconjugate antibodies is located predominantly in the distal trisaccharide of B. pertussis 186 LOS. The antipentasaccharide antibodies induced by the conjugate inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and NO by LOS-stimulated J774A.1 cells.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy with Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (PML-IRIS): Two Case Reports of Successful Treatment with Mefloquine and a Review of the Literature (2012)

Failure of cell-mediated immunity allows reactivation of the 'JC' polyomavirus (JCV) in oligodendrocytes, and the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). This is most commonly associated with advanced human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infection, but is also described after biological therapies such as natalizumab, and rarely other conditions. The development of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has greatly improved this prognosis. In the Swiss Cohort Study, incidence fell 4-fold and attributable 1-year mortality fell from 60% to 20%. 2 Despite these advances, PML still has one of the highest mortality rates among acquired immune defi ciency syndrome (AIDS) defi ning illnesses. A rapid early mortality is observed, and less than half of survivors are expected to recover neurologically. While re-establishment of the immune system is important for successful outcomes, it can trigger an acute infl ammatory response to JCV or host antigens. This immune reconstitution infl ammatory syndrome (IRIS) exacerbates symptoms, though may not adversely affect mortality. either broad spectrum antiviral therapy with interferon alpha nor putative anti-JCV agents such as cytarabine and cidofovir have proved successful PML treatments. 5,6 A cellbased screen of several thousand compounds for inhibition of JCV infection rates identifi ed the anti-malarial mefl oquine as a new theraputic candidate. Mefl oquine appeared to block JCV replication without signifi cant toxicity, and at concentrations achievable in the central nervous system (CNS). A number of case reports have since been published, reporting successful PML treatment with mefl oquine in HIV and non-HIV infected patients. A randomised, raterblinded study sponsored by Biogen Idec (Clinicaltrials.gov identifi er NCT00746941) to assess mefl oquine effi cacy in patients with PML was stopped in early 2011 after an analysis of the fi rst 24 participants randomised identifi ed no virologic benefi t, the primary endpoint. 8 This study is yet to be published, and clearly caution must be adopted with continued off-label use of mefl oquine. However it is possible subgroups may benefi t. We report 2 cases of PML-IRIS in HIV-infected individuals with dramatic responses after mefl oquine treatment was started, and postulate an alternative mechanism of action.
Cloning and Characterization of Porcine 4Ig-B7-H3: A Potent Inhibitor of Porcine T-Cell Activation (2011)

We cloned the porcine 4ig-b7-h3 gene and demonstrated that the porcine 4Ig-B7-H3 serves as a negative regulator for the T-cell immune response.
The Synthesis of Viridamine, A Penicillium Viridicatum Mycotoxin (1989)

Abstract The synthesis of viridamine, involving the condensation of 2-(3,3-dimethylallyi)-4(5)-formylimidazole with cyclo-glycyl-L-valyl is described. Different methods for the preparation of the imidazole intermediate were investigated.
Therapeutic Effects of a New Lymphocyte Homing Reagent FTY720 in Interleukin-10 Gene-deficient Mice with Colitis (2004)

Treatment of established colitis in IL-10-/- mice with FTY720 ameliorated the colitis, probably as a result of decreasing the number of lymphocytes in the colonic mucosa and an associated reduction in IFN-gamma production.
The JPL Serpentine Robot: a 12-DOF system for inspection (2002)

The Serpentine Robot is a prototype hyper-redundant (snake-like) manipulator system developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It is designed to navigate and perform tasks in obstructed and constrained environments in which conventional 6-DOF manipulators cannot similarly function. This paper describes the Serpentine Robot mechanical design, a low level inverse kinematic algorithm for the joint assembly, a brief synopsis of control development to date, and the applications of this technology.
Efficient neutralization and disruption of rhinovirus by chimeric ICAM-1/immunoglobulin molecules (1993)

The intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is used as a cellular receptor by 90% of human rhinoviruses (HRVs). Chimeric immunoadhesin molecules containing extracellular domains of ICAM-1 and constant regions of immunoglobulins (Igs) were designed in order to determine the effect of increased valency, Ig isotype, and number of ICAM-1 domains on neutralization and disruption of rhinovirus structure. These immunoadhesins include ICAM-1 amino-terminal domains 1 and 2 fused to the hinge and constant domains of the heavy chains of IgA1, IgM, and IgG1 (IC1-2D/IgA, -/IgM, and -/IgG). In addition, all five extracellular domains were fused to IgA1 (IC1-5D/IgA). Immunoadhesins were compared with soluble forms of ICAM-1 containing five and two domains (sICAM-1 and ICI-2D, respectively) in assays of HRV binding, infectivity, and conformation. In prevention of HRV plaque formation, IC1-5D/IgA was 200 times and IC1-2D/IgM and IC1-2D/IgA were 25 and 10 times more effective, respectively, than ICAM-1. The same chimeras were highly effective in inhibiting binding of rhinovirus to cells and disrupting the conformation of the virus capsid, as demonstrated by generation of approximately 65S particles. The results show that the number of ICAM-1 domains and a flexible Ig hinge are important factors contributing to the efficacy of neutralization. The higher efficiency of chimeras that bound bivalently in disrupting HRV was attributed to higher binding avidity. The IC1-5D/IgA immunoadhesin was effective at nanomolar concentrations, making it feasible therapy for rhinovirus infection.
Skeletal muscle weakness, reduced exercise tolerance, and COPD: is systemic inflammation the missing link? (2005)

Systemic inflammation may be the “missing link” between airway dysfunction and the extrapulmonary manifestations of COPD
Efficacy and safety of Id-protein-loaded dendritic cell vaccine in patients with multiple myeloma – Phase II study results (2012)

dendritic cells, immunotherapy, anticancer vaccines, Id-protein, multiple myeloma.
Optofluidic fabrication for 3D-shaped particles (2015)

Complex three-dimensional (3D)-shaped particles could play unique roles in biotechnology, structural mechanics and self-assembly. Current methods of fabricating 3D-shaped particles such as 3D printing, injection moulding or photolithography are limited because of low-resolution, low-throughput or complicated/expensive procedures. Here, we present a novel method called optofluidic fabrication for the generation of complex 3D-shaped polymer particles based on two coupled processes: inertial flow shaping and ultraviolet (UV) light polymerization. Pillars within fluidic platforms are used to deterministically deform photosensitive precursor fluid streams. The channels are then illuminated with patterned UV light to polymerize the photosensitive fluid, creating particles with multi-scale 3D geometries. The fundamental advantages of optofluidic fabrication include high-resolution, multi-scalability, dynamic tunability, simple operation and great potential for bulk fabrication with full automation. Through different combinations of pillar configurations, flow rates and UV light patterns, an infinite set of 3D-shaped particles is available, and a variety are demonstrated.
Gene Silencing Mediated by Small Interfering RNAs in Mammalian Cells (2003)

RNA interference (RNAi) as a protecting mechanism against invasion by foreign genes was first described in C. elegans and has subsequently been demonstrated in diverse eukaryotes such as insects, plants, fungi and vertebrates. RNAi is the mechanism of sequence-specific, post-transcriptional gene silencing initiated by double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) homologous to the gene being suppressed. dsRNAs are processed by Dicer, a cellular ribonuclease III, to generate duplexes of about 21 nt with 3'-overhangs (small interfering RNA, siRNA) which mediate sequence-specific mRNA degradation. In mammalian cells siRNA molecules are capable of specifically silencing gene expression without induction of the unspecific interferon response pathway. Thus, siRNAs have become a new and powerful alternative to other genetic tools such as antisense oligonucleotides and ribozymes to analyze loss-of-function phenotypes. Application of siRNA duplexes to interfere with the expression of a specific gene requires knowledge of target accessibility, highly effective delivery of siRNAs into target cells and for some applications long-term siRNA expression. Effective strategies to deliver siRNAs to target cells in cell culture include transduction by physical or chemical transfection. An alternative strategy uses the endogenous expression of siRNAs by various Pol III promoter expression cassettes that allow transcription of functional siRNAs or their precursors. This review summarizes some genetic and biochemical aspects of RNAi, the delivery and application of siRNAs to target cells, the kinetics of RNAi and the utility of siRNAs as analytical and potential therapeutic tools.
Study of an alternate glyoxylate cycle for acetate assimilation by Rhodobacter sphaeroides (2006)

Organisms, which grow on organic substrates that are metabolized via acetyl-CoA, are faced with the problem to form all cell constituents from this C(2)-unit. The problem was solved by the seminal work of Kornberg and is known as the glyoxylate cycle. However, many bacteria are known to not contain isocitrate lyase, the key enzyme of this pathway. This problem was addressed in acetate-grown Rhodobacter sphaeroides. An acetate-minus mutant identified by transposon mutagenesis was affected in the gene for beta-ketothiolase forming acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA. This enzyme activity was missing in this mutant, which grew on acetoacetate and on acetate plus glyoxylate. A second acetate/acetoacetate-minus mutant was affected in the gene for a putative mesaconyl-CoA hydratase, an enzyme which catalyses the hydration of mesaconyl-CoA to beta-methylmalyl-CoA. Beta-methylmalyl-CoA is further cleaved into glyoxylate and propionyl-CoA. These results as well as identification of acetate-upregulated proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis lead to the proposal of a new pathway for acetate assimilation. In a first part, affected by the mutations, two molecules of acetyl-CoA and one molecule CO(2) are converted via acetoacetyl-CoA and mesaconyl-CoA to glyoxylate and propionyl-CoA. In a second part glyoxylate and propionyl-CoA are converted with another molecule of acetyl-CoA and CO(2) to l-malyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA.
Distinct regions of allelic loss on 13q in prostate cancer. (1996)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) involving the long arm of chromosome 13 has been reported to occur in as many as one third of primary prostate cancers. Candidate tumor suppressor genes on 13q that may be important in the development of prostate cancer include the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RBI) and a gene associated with inherited breast cancer (BRCA2). To define the pattern of allelic loss of 13q in prostate cancer, LOH analysis was performed using nine mapped polymorphic markers spanning the entire chromosomal arm. Nineteen (48%) of 40 prostate cancer cases obtained following radical prostatectomy demonstrated atllelic loss with at least one marker. Furthermore, 13 (33%) of 40 cases had evidence of allelic loss involving a region of 13q14 containing RB1. To test the hypothesis that RB1 is the targeted tumor suppressor gene in this region, 37 of 40 cases were assessed for expression of pRB, the protein product of RB1 using immunohistochemical techniques. By this analysis, 8 (22%) of 37 prostate tumors demonstrated no pRB expression. However, allelic loss at RB1, assessed with an intragenic marker, did not correlate with absent pRB expression (Fisher's exact test, P=0.375). Taken together, these data confirm that allelic loss of a common region of 13q14 occurs in approximately one third of prostate cancers. Lack of correlation of LOH at RB1 with absent pRB expression suggests the existence of another tumor suppressor gene in this region important in prostate cancer.