gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of livG, a membrane-associated component of the branched-chain amino acid transport in Escherichia coli (1985)

Branched-chain amino acids are transported into Escherichia coli by two osmotic shock-sensitive systems (leucine-isoleucine-valine and leucine-specific transport systems). These high-affinity systems consist of separate periplasmic binding protein components and at least three common membrane-bound components. In this study, one of the membrane-bound components, livG, was identified. A toxic analog of leucine, azaleucine, was used to isolate a large number of azaleucine-resistant mutants which were defective in branched-chain amino acid transport. Genetic complementation studies established that two classes of transport mutants with similar phenotypes, livH and livG, were obtained which were defective in one of the membrane-associated transport components. Since the previously cloned plasmid, pOX1, genetically complemented both livH and livG mutants, we were able to verify the physical location of the livG gene on this plasmid. Recombinant plasmids which carried different portions of the pOX1 plasmid were constructed and subjected to complementation analysis. These results established that livG was located downstream from livH with about 1 kilobase of DNA in between. The expression of these plasmids was studied in minicells; these studies indicate that livG appears to be membrane bound and to have a molecular weight of 22,000. These results establish that livG is a membrane-associated component of the branched-chain amino acid transport system in E. coli.
Global and Specific Translational Control by Rapamycin in T Cells Uncovered by Microarrays and Proteomics (2002)

Rapamycin has been shown to affect translation. We have utilized two complementary approaches to identify genes that are predominantly affected by rapamycin in Jurkat T cells. One was to compare levels of polysome-bound and total RNA using oligonucleotide microarrays complementary to 6,300 human genes. Another was to determine protein synthesis levels using two-dimensional PAGE. Analysis of expression changes at the polysome-bound RNA levels showed that translation of most of the expressed genes was partially reduced following rapamycin treatment. However, translation of 136 genes (6% of the expressed genes) was totally inhibited. This group included genes encoding RNA-binding proteins and several proteasome subunit members. Translation of a set of 159 genes (7%) was largely unaffected by rapamycin treatment. These genes included transcription factors, kinases, phosphatases, and members of the RAS superfamily. Analysis of [(35)S]methionine-labeled proteins from the same cell populations using two-dimensional PAGE showed that the integrated intensity of 111 of 830 protein spots changed in rapamycin-treated cells by at least 3-fold (70 increased, 41 decreased). We identified 22 affected protein spots representing protein products of 16 genes. The combined microarray and proteomic approach has uncovered novel genes affected by rapamycin that may be involved in its immunosuppressive effect and other genes that are not affected at the level of translation in a context of general inhibition of cap-dependent translation.
Targeted Exon Skipping to Correct Exon Duplications in the Dystrophin Gene (2014)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a severe muscle-wasting disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene that ablate functional protein expression. Although exonic deletions are the most common Duchenne muscular dystrophy lesion, duplications account for 10-15% of reported disease-causing mutations, and exon 2 is the most commonly duplicated exon. Here, we describe the in vitro evaluation of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers coupled to a cell-penetrating peptide and 2'-O-methyl phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, using three distinct strategies to reframe the dystrophin transcript in patient cells carrying an exon 2 duplication. Differences in exon-skipping efficiencies in vitro were observed between oligomer analogues of the same sequence, with the phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer coupled to a cell-penetrating peptide proving the most effective. Differences in exon 2 excision efficiency between normal and exon 2 duplication cells, were apparent, indicating that exon context influences oligomer-induced splice switching. Skipping of a single copy of exon 2 was induced in the cells carrying an exon 2 duplication, the simplest strategy to restore the reading frame and generate a normal dystrophin transcript. In contrast, multiexon skipping of exons 2-7 to generate a Becker muscular dystrophy-like dystrophin transcript was more challenging and could only be induced efficiently with the phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer chemistry.
Two-generator-concepts for electric power generation in More Electric Aircraft Engine (2010)

In this paper an Aircraft power generation topology is proposed for a More Electric Engine. There two generators are attached to the engine, a startergenerator on the high pressure- and a generator on the low pressure shaft. Both electric outputs are connected in parallel and feed together one 270 VDC power system of the airplane. The aim is to control the power of the two generators. Therefore several control concepts are suggested which are analyzed in error-free operation as well as in error condition. Via a simulation model it is shown that all proposed concepts can realize the power splitting between the two generators. However, there are differences in the control dynamics and in the behavior under error conditions.
Interpretation of Capacitance-Voltage Profiles from Delta-Doped GaAs Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (1986)

Molecular beam epitaxy allows to grow narrow doping profiles which are described by the Dirac-delta function. Ionized impurities of delta(δ)-doped GaAs layers form a V -shaped potential well. Capacitance-voltage ( C V ) measurements on δ-doped GaAs with two-dimensional donor concentrations of N D 2D =4-6×10 12 cm -2 performed at 77 and 300 K show a maximum C V -concentration of 6.8×10 18 cm -3 and a full-width at half-maximum of 46 Å, which does not depend on the sample temperature. A new theoretical model of C V -profiles from δ-doped GaAs is presented which takes into account the quantum-size effect. The quantum-mechanical interpretation of the C V -profiles shows that the measured profiles reflect neither the dopant concentration nor the free-carrier concentration. The C V -profiles reflect the shift of the electron wavefunction in the V -shaped potential well, which is tilted by the applied voltage. A good agreement between calculated and measured C V -profiles is found.
Large-Scale Concept Ontology for Multimedia (2006)

As increasingly powerful techniques emerge for machine tagging multimedia content, it becomes ever more important to standardize the underlying vocabularies. Doing so provides interoperability and lets the multimedia community focus ongoing research on a well-defined set of semantics. This paper describes a collaborative effort of multimedia researchers, library scientists, and end users to develop a large standardized taxonomy for describing broadcast news video. The large-scale concept ontology for multimedia (LSCOM) is the first of its kind designed to simultaneously optimize utility to facilitate end-user access, cover a large semantic space, make automated extraction feasible, and increase observability in diverse broadcast news video data sets.
Structure-activity relationships of beta-amino acid-containing integrin antagonists. (1999)

Interest in the development of specific antagonists of the beta3 family of integrins (platelet alphaIIbbeta3 and the vitronectin receptor alphavbeta3) has been principally driven by efforts to design more potent antithrombotic agents than either aspirin or the thienopyridine-type ADP receptor modulators. The platelet fibrinogen receptor (aIIbb3) and the vitronectin receptor (alphavbeta3) bind the RGD tripeptide sequence found within adhesive ligands. Because of this, many approaches to antagonists of beta3 receptors have utilized an RGD mimetic to identify antagonists. Integrin antagonists of many structurally diverse classes have been discovered. One of the larger beta3 integrin antagonist classes employs beta-amino acids to mimic the aspartate residue of the RGD mimetic. Structure-activity investigations have revealed the potent activity of agents which have substituents appended to both the alpha and beta position of the beta-amino acid units of these antagonists. Several clinical candidates targeting platelet aIIbb3 contain these beta-amino acid units and are currently being evaluated clinically.
Intrinsic tunneling spectroscopy in small Bi2212 mesas (2000)

We present intrinsic tunneling spectroscopy measurements on small Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+x}$ mesas. The tunnel conductance curves show both sharp peaks at the superconducting gap voltage and broad humps representing the $c$-axis pseudo-gap. The superconducting gap vanishes at $T_c$, while the pseudo-gap exists well above $T_c$. Our observation implies that the superconducting and pseudo-gaps represent different coexisting phenomena.
Cellular Photoencapsulation in Hydrogels (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Background Principles of Methodology: Photopolymerization for Cell Encapsulation Preparation of Media and Reagents Tissue Harvest and Cell Isolation Cell Photoencapsulation Engineered Tissue Analysis Photoencapsulation of Bovine Chondrocytes for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Photoencapsulation of Goat Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Acknowledgments Sources of Materials References
Tap-selectable decision-feedback equalization (1997)

This paper presents an adaptive tap assignment technique for improving the performance of a previously reported reduced-complexity decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) for broadband band wireless systems. The spacings of individual feedforward taps of the DFE are made selectable so that, when the channel consists of a sparsely distributed multipath with a large delay spread (e.g. "hilly terrain" (HT) delay profiles), the equalizer span can be increased without increasing the total number of taps. We propose simple tap selection algorithms and show that they provide: (1) performance gains over a contiguous-tap approach in various outdoor delay profiles and (2) improved robustness against fast fading.
Organic scintillators with unusually large Stokes' shifts (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic scintillators with unusually large Stokes' shiftsH. Guesten, P. Schuster, and W. SeitzCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1978, 82, 4, 459–463Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100493a017https://doi.org/10.1021/j100493a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Rapid Scoping Review of Gender Inequities in the Medical Profession (2019)

Introduction: There continue to be large inequities in the representation of women at progressive levels of training and seniority in both academic and community practice settings. Gender inequity in medicine is not only problematic in its own right but has the potential to deliver inequitable outcomes, including the neglect of important research and care that continues to disadvantage women patients. As significant evidence is emerging on gender inequities in the medical profession, it is an opportune time to review the current evidence on the persisting gaps, potential causes, and possible solutions. Methods: A rapid scoping review was conducted for articles on the topic of gender inequity and the medical profession in PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was limited to articles published from 1990 to the search date (June 1, 2017), and included only papers published in English. Results: An initial 1055 articles were screened according to established inclusion and exclusion criteria. After initial and full-text review, supplemented by a hand search through the article references, 45 articles were included in the review. Articles were classified as a) evidence for gender inequities, b) causes of inequities, and c) solutions for inequities. Only 13% of articles found (6 studies) addressed possible interventions to reduce inequities. Significant gaps exist in the literature, particularly around part-time work options, parental and family leave options, and ad-dressing implicit biases to reduce sexism in professional settings. Discussion: The evidence highlights substantial inequities in the representation of women in the medical profession, in both the academic and community settings, in medical literature, and in leadership positions. This review also highlighted substantial gaps in the literature on understanding what can be done to reduce these gaps. More research is needed in the area of gender inequities in medicine to improve the representation of women in medicine.
Differing Phenotypes between Intraepithelial and Stromal Lymphocytes in Early-Stage Tongue Cancer (2007)

The significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has attracted much attention in relation to the prognosis of patients. We herein examined the activation status of the TILs in relation to the tumor microenvironment. By using frozen sections of human early-stage tongue cancers (n = 22), the TILs in the cancer nests and those in the cancer stroma were compared for the expression of PD-1, NKG2A, NKG2D, CD69, and Ki-67. The lymphocytes in oral lichen planus, an active immune response-mediated mucosal disease, were also analyzed for comparison purposes. All of the cancer specimens were abundantly infiltrated by CD8(+) T cells and CD56(+) natural killer (NK) cells in the stroma, as well as in the tumor nest. The tumor nest-infiltrating (intraepithelial) CD8(+) T cells frequently expressed PD-1, an inhibitory receptor, in sharp contrast to those in the stroma or in the lichen planus. Conversely, the intraepithelial CD8(+) T cells only infrequently expressed NKG2D, an activating receptor, in contrast to those in the stroma or in the lichen planus. No intraepithelial CD8(+) T cells expressed Ki-67, a proliferation-associated marker, whereas those in the stroma frequently expressed it. Furthermore, the intraepithelial NK cells expressed NKG2A, an inhibitory receptor, more frequently than those in the stroma or the lichen planus. Collectively, the intraepithelial CD8(+) T cells and NK cells are phenotypically inactivated, whereas stromal counterparts are phenotypically just as active as those in the lichen planus. These results suggest the first-step occurrence of an immune evasion mechanism in the tumor nest of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Inhibition of Carcinogenic Effects of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons by Benzyl Isothiocyanate and Related Compounds2 (1977)

Benzyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate, two compounds found in cruciferous plants, and phenyl isothiocyanate, a synthetic compound, all inhibit 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (CMBA)-induced mammary tumor formation in female Sprague-Dawley rats when administered 4 hours prior to the DMBA. Comparable studies in which benzyl isothiocyanate was administered 24 hours before or 4 hours after DMBA showed almost complete loss of inhibition. Additions of benzyl isothiocyanate or phenethyl isothiocyanate to a diet containing CMBA inhibited formation of neoplasms of the forestomach and pulmonary adenomas in female ICR/Ha mice. Addition of benzyl isothiocyanate to a diet containing benzo[a]pyrene also inhibited carcinogenesis of the mouse forestomach due to this carcinogen. The finding of two additional anutrient dietary compounds which inhibit chemical carcinogenesis focuses on the possibility that dietary constituents of this nature may diminish the impact of exposures to chemical carcinogens.
Treatment and outcome of infants with acute myeloid leukemia (2002)

We read with interest the article reporting the results of the Japan Infant Leukemia Study Group treatment of infants with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) on the ANLL91 protocol. The event-free survival reported for their patients treated with intensive chemotherapy is quite impressive.[1][1] The
Microcarriers as a culturing system of insect cells and insect viruses. (1987)

There is an increasing interest in culturing of insect cells, which are host for arthropod-born (Arbo) viruses. The potential applications of Arbo viruses are in the following two main fields: 1. Medical applications (e.g. preparation of viral vaccines and viral antigens for diagnostic purposes). 2. As bioinsecticides in pest control in horticulture, agriculture and forestry. One of the potential cell substrates for these applications is an anchorage-dependent-mosquito cell line established from embryonic tissues of Aedes aegypti (AA). The following areas were investigated in the reported research with the AA cell line: The AA cells were successfully propagated in microcarrier (MC)-culturing-systems. Of the tested MC's the cellulose-based microgranular MC (DE-53 of Whatman, having an exchange capacity of 2 meq/g) was found to be the best MC. Cells grew in MCs-cells aggregates in submerged spinner culture. The AA-MC's culture was successfully scaled-up to 8 litre culture volume. "Trypsinization" of the AA cells from the MC surface is successfully done by RDB, a dispersion agent from a plant origin (produced and marketed at the author's Institute). Other known dispersion agents (trypsin, collagenase, pronase) failed to disperse the AA cells from the MC. A serum-free medium was developed for culturing the AA cells on the DE-53 MC's. Bovine serum albumin was the main serum substituant in the developed medium. Arboviruses, from the Toga group, were grown in the AA-MC culture. Sindbis virus (from alpha-group) and West Nile virus (from the Flavi group), chronically infected the AA cells, which continuously produce and liberate these two viruses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TIME-RESOLVED DYNAMICS OF PROTON TRANSFER IN PROTEINOUS SYSTEMS (1997)

The dynamics of proton dissociation from an acidic moiety and its subsequent dispersion in the bulk is regulated by the physical chemical properties of the solvent. The solvent has to provide a potential well to accommodate the discharged proton, screen it from the negative charge of the conjugated base, and provide an efficient mode for the diffusion of the proton to the bulk. On measuring the dynamics of proton dissociation in the time-resolved domain, the kinetic analysis of the reaction can quantitate the properties of the immediate environment. In this review we implement the kinetic analysis for evaluating the properties of small cavities in proteins and the diffusion of protons within narrow channels. On the basis of this analysis,we discuss how the clustering of proton-binding sites on a surface can endow the surface with enhanced capacity to attract protons and to funnel them toward a specific site.
N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide, a new retinoid for prevention of breast cancer in the rat. (1979)

The synethesis of a new retinoid, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-all-trans-retinamide, which has useful biological properties, is described. This retinoid was more potent than retinyl acetate in reversing keratinization caused by retinoid deficiency in tracheal organ culture. It was markedly less toxic than retinyl acetate when fed p.o. to rats over 2-week or 6-month periods. It was an effective agent for inhibition of the development of breast cancer induced in rats by N-nitroso-N-methylurea, although it was not as potent as retinyl acetate in this regard. However, the lesser toxicity of 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide makes it a superior agent for prevention of breast cancer. High-pressure liquid chromatographic analyses of liver and breast extracts from rats treated for 6 months with retinoids show the pharmacokinetic basis for the superiority of 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide; this retinoid and its metabolites were found in high concentrations in breast tissue, without any measurable accumulation in the liver or evident liver toxicity. In contrast, chronic feeding of retinyl acetate caused marked deposition of retinyl esters in the liver and severe hepatotoxicity. Whole mounts of rat mammary glands, made after chronic feeding of 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide, showed that it had a marked antiproliferative effect on mammary epithelium.
Probabilistic Judgment by a Coarser Scale: Behavioral and ERP Evidence (2004)

We hypothesize that statistically unsophisticated people perceive event likelihood with a coarser scale with a limited number of categories, before they report exact numerical probability values.Refinement of the scale beyond a certain level would therefore not improve overall judgmental accuracy and consistency but just impose a heavier burden on their limited computational capacity.An experiment of probabilistic judgment was conducted to test this hypothesis.Results from both behavioral data and event-related potentials in EEG recordings supported our hypothesis.
Folate-Responsive Homocystinuria and “Schizophrenia” (1975)

Homocystinuria and homocystinemia without hypermthioninemia, but with reccurent episodes of folate responseive schizophrenic-like behavior, was documented in a mildly retarded adolescent girl who lacked the habitus associated with cystathionine synthase deficiency. Enzymes involved in homocysteine-methionine metabolism were demonstrated to be normal. A defect in the ability to reducte N-5-10--methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was demonstrated. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase was 18 per cent of control values. Methyltetrahydrofolate is used for the methylation of homocysteine to methionine, and a deficiency of this compound could explain the homocystinemia and homocystinuria.
Antibody Conjugate Therapeutics: Challenges and Potential (2011)

Antibody conjugates are a diverse class of therapeutics consisting of a cytotoxic agent linked covalently to an antibody or antibody fragment directed toward a specific cell surface target expressed by tumor cells. The notion that antibodies directed toward targets on the surface of malignant cells could be used for drug delivery is not new. The history of antibody conjugates is marked by hurdles that have been identified and overcome. Early conjugates used mouse antibodies; cytotoxic agents that were immunogenic (proteins), too toxic, or not sufficiently potent; and linkers that were not sufficiently stable in circulation. Investigators have explored 4 main avenues using antibodies to target cytotoxic agents to malignant cells: antibody-protein toxin (or antibody fragment-protein toxin fusion) conjugates, antibody-chelated radionuclide conjugates, antibody-small-molecule drug conjugates, and antibody-enzyme conjugates administered along with small-molecule prodrugs that require metabolism by the conjugated enzyme to release the activated species. Only antibody-radionuclide conjugates and antibody-drug conjugates have reached the regulatory approval stage, and nearly 20 antibody conjugates are currently in clinical trials. The time may have come for this technology to become a major contributor to improving treatment for cancer patients.