gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct manipulation for comprehensible, predictable and controllable user interfaces (1997)

Direct manipulation user interfaces have proven their worth over two decades, but they are still in their youth. Dramatic opportunities exist to develop direct manipulation programming to create end-user programming tools, dynamic queries to perform information search in large databases, and information visualization to support network database browsing. Direct manipulation depends on visual representation of the objects and actions of interest, physical . actions or pointing instead of complex syntax, and rapid incremental reversible operations whose effect on the object of interest is immediately visible. This strategy can lead to user interfaces that are comprehensible, predictable and controllable. Direct manipulation interfaces are seen as more likely candidates to influence advanced user interfaces than adaptive, autonomous, intelligent agents. User control and responsibility are highly desirable.
Limited efficacy of inactivated influenza vaccine in elderly individuals is associated with decreased production of vaccine-specific antibodies (2011)

During seasonal influenza epidemics, disease burden is shouldered predominantly by the very young and the elderly. Elderly individuals are particularly affected, in part because vaccine efficacy wanes with age. This has been linked to a reduced ability to induce a robust serum antibody response. Here, we show that this is due to reduced quantities of vaccine-specific antibodies, rather than a lack of antibody avidity or affinity. We measured levels of vaccine-specific plasmablasts by ELISPOT 1 week after immunization of young and elderly adults with inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine. Plasmablast-derived polyclonal antibodies (PPAbs) were generated from bulk-cultured B cells, while recombinant monoclonal antibodies (re-mAbs) were produced from single plasmablasts. The frequency of vaccine-specific plasmablasts and the concentration of PPAbs were lower in the elderly than in young adults, whereas the yields of secreted IgG per plasmablast were not different. Differences were not detected in the overall vaccine-specific avidity or affinity of PPAbs and re-mAbs between the 2 age groups. In contrast, reactivity of the antibodies induced by the inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine toward the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, which was not present in the vaccine, was higher in the elderly than in the young. These results indicate that the inferior antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly is primarily due to reduced quantities of vaccine-specific antibodies. They also suggest that exposure history affects the cross-reactivity of vaccination-induced antibodies.
Rewiring of glycolysis in cancer cell metabolism (2010)

Comment on: Vander Heiden MG, et al. Science 2010; 329:1492-9.
Frequency of Sexual Dysfunction in “Normal” Couples (1978)

We developed an InP-based photodetector which was bonded on a CMOS wafer containing a Si3N4-wiring photonic circuit. The detector fabrication is compatible with wafer scale processing steps, guaranteeing compatibility towards future generation electronic IC processing. Integration technology and experimental results are presented in this paper. © 2009 IEEE.
Two-dimensional double metal cyanide complexes: highly active catalysts for the homopolymerization of propylene oxide and copolymerization of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide (2006)

The synthesis of two-dimensional double metal cyanide complexes of the formula Co(H2O)2[M(CN)4].4H2O (M=Ni, Pd or Pt) and the X-ray crystal structure of Co(H2O)2[Pd(CN)4].4H2O are presented. The anhydrous forms of these complexes were found to be effective catalyst precursors for the homopolymerization of propylene oxide as well as the random copolymerization of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide to produce poly(propylene oxide-co-propylene carbonate) with no propylene carbonate byproduct. A detailed copolymer microstructure is proposed.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Asymmetric Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Tertiary Amines to Ketones by Synergistic Multiple Catalysis (2017)

Reported herein is an unprecedented photocatalytic asymmetric cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction between tertiary amines and simple ketones, and it proceeds by synergistic multiple catalysis with substoichiometric amounts of a hydrogen acceptor. This process is enabled by a simple chiral primary amine catalyst through the coupling of a catalytic enamine intermediate and an iminium cation intermediate in situ generated from tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives by coupled Ru/Co catalysis.
Aromatic π-Stacking in Solution as Revealed through the Aggregation of Phenylacetylene Macrocycles (1996)

Αggregation of phenylacetylene macrocycles (PAMs) in solution has been studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy and vapor pressure osmometry. The association constant for dimerization, Kassoc, has been determined by curve fitting the concentration dependence of 1H NMR chemical shifts to a model for monomer−dimer equilibrium. The reliability of the NMR-determined aggregation constants and aggregate size have been independently verified by vapor pressure osmometry measurements. Thermodynamic parameters for association have been obtained from van't Hoff analyses which show the aggregation to be favored enthalpically. The aggregation of PAMs bearing various endo- and exo-annular functional groups and PAMs of different geometry and ring size has been studied. The type of pendant functional groups and the manner in which these groups are arranged on the macrocycle is shown to strongly influence self-association. PAMs substituted with electron withdrawing groups (e.g., esters) are more strongly associated than those bearing electron donating groups (e.g., alkyl ethers) or macrocycles bearing a combination of the two substituents. The type of alkyl substituent on the ester or ether group is less important as long as the substituent is not branched and is exo-annular. Endo-annular alkyl ethers as well as branched exo-annular alkyl esters severely disrupt aggregation. Rigidity of the macrocycle also influences self-association. In contrast to hexameric macrocycles, similarly substituted open-chain oligomers and a nonplanar macrocycle show much weaker association. These findings are discussed in the context of face-to-face π−π interactions between aromatic rings. Consideration has also been given to π−π interactions between aromatic and ethynyl groups and between a pair of acetylenes, but these are concluded to be less significant based on an analysis of data from the Cambridge Structural Database.
Functional Interaction between the HIV Transactivator Tat and the Transcriptional Coactivator PC4 in T Cells (2000)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transactivator Tat is a potent activator of transcription from the HIV long terminal repeat and is essential for efficient viral gene expression and replication. Tat has been shown to interact with components of the basal transcription machinery and transcriptional activators. Here we identify the cellular coactivator PC4 as a Tat-interacting protein using the yeast two-hybrid system and confirmed this interaction both in vitro and in vivo by coimmunoprecipitation. We found that this interaction has a functional outcome in that PC4 overexpression enhanced activation of the HIV long terminal repeat in transient transfection studies in a Tat-dependent manner. The domains of PC4 and Tat required for the interaction were mapped. In vitro binding studies showed that the basic transactivation-responsive binding domain of Tat is required for the interaction with PC4. The minimum region of PC4 required for Tat binding was amino acids 22-91, whereas mutation of the lysine-rich domain between amino acids 22 and 43 prevented interaction with Tat. Tat-PC4 interactions may be controlled by phosphorylation, because phosphorylation of PC4 by casein kinase II inhibited interactions with Tat both in vivo and in vitro. We propose that PC4 may be involved in linking Tat to the basal transcription machinery.
The effect of polymorphism and metastability on the characterization and isolation of two pharmaceutical compounds (1993)

L-706,000, a class III antiarrhythmic compound, has been found to exist in several different crystalline structures including two anhydrous polymorphs, two dihydrated enantiotropic polymorphs, a monohydrate, and several organic solvent solvates. The isolation of the desired crystal modification, dihydrate type A, can be accomplished under thermodynamic or kinetic control depending on the conditions. Under kinetic control, the isolation depends on a suspended transformation of a metastable state, L-700,462, a thrombotic agent, has been found to exist in three crystalline structures: a monohydrate and two anhydrous monotropic polymorphs. Both anhydrous polymorphs, when hydrated, yielded the single monohydrate. Drying of the monohydrate, depending on the conditions and sample, will give either anhydrous form. The varying results obtained upon drying are, once again, indicative of the presence of metastable states and suspended transformations in connection with the solid state of L-700,462.
Vascular endothelial growth factor up-regulates nitric oxide synthase expression in endothelial cells (1999)

The results demonstrate that VEGF enhances the expression of eNOS in native and cultured endothelial cells, an effect which may be important in the process of VEGF-induced angiogenesis.
The spfash mouse: a missense mutation in the ornithine transcarbamylase gene also causes aberrant mRNA splicing. (1989)

Ornithine transcarbamylase (ornithine carbamoyltransferase; carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.3) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme of the mammalian urea cycle. The X chromosome-linked spfash mutation in the mouse causes partial ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and has served as a model for the human disease. We show here that the spfash mutation is a guanine to adenine transition of the last nucleotide of the fourth exon of the ornithine transcarbamylase gene. This nucleotide change produces two remarkably different effects. First, this transition causes ornithine transcarbamylase mRNA deficiency because the involved exon nucleotide plays a part in the recognition of the adjacent splice donor site. As a result of the mutation, ornithine transcarbamylase pre-mRNA is spliced inefficiently both at this site and at a cryptic splice donor site 48 bases into the adjacent intron. Second, two mutant proteins are translated from these mRNAs. From the correctly spliced mRNA, the transition results in a change of amino acid 129 from arginine to histidine. This missense substitution has no discernable effect on mitochondrial import, subunit assembly, or enzyme activity. On the other hand, the elongated mRNA resulting from mis-splicing is translated into a dysfunctional ornithine transcarbamylase subunit elongated by the insertion of 16 amino acid residues.
The Importance of Timing of Surgery for Hemodialysis Vascular Access Thrombectomy (1997)

The effect of delay in thrombectomy of occluded hemodialysis accesses was examined to determine whether a critical period exists during which a salvage procedure was more likely to be successful. A total of 1,126 vascular access surgeries between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1994, were analyzed. No period of delay in thrombectomy was found when it was possible to say with certainty that an access could not be salvaged, although success was greatest in the first 48 h. Autogenous fistulas were less likely to be salvaged and surgery was unlikely to be successful if performed later than the day of thrombosis. However, grafts were likely to undergo successful thrombectomy even 3 days after thrombosis. Overall when the delay was more than 3 weeks after thrombosis, a new access was more likely to be constructed than the thrombosed access was to be successfully declotted.
Analysis of adherence to peak flow monitoring when recording of data is electronic (2002)

Value of butterburAlthough the effects of butterbur have been linked to its constituents, [5][6][7] we set out to test whether its clinical effects in seasonal allergic rhinitis were comparable to those of antihistamines as judged separately and blindly by patients and their doctors.The results showed that the effects of the two treatments are similar.The trends in favour of butterbur in some measures need to be confirmed in future prospective trials.With regard to safety, butterbur was well tolerated and did not have the sedative effects associated with antihistamines.We believe butterbur should be considered for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis, particularly in cases where the sedative effects of antihistamines need to be avoided.
Ratcheted electrophoresis for rapid particle transport (2013)

Ratcheted electrophoresis of contact-charged particles allows for high speed transport through microfluidic channels over large distances and even against fluid flows. Using a set of predictive design heuristics, we demonstrate an extension of this microfluidic ratchet to separate conductive particles from a particle suspension.
DNA uptake into nuclei: numerical and analytical results (2003)

The dynamics of polymer translocation through a pore has been the subject of recent theoretical and experimental works. We have considered theoretical estimates and performed computer simulations to understand the mechanism of DNA uptake into the cell nucleus, a phenomenon experimentally investigated by attaching a small bead to the free end of the double helix and pulling this bead with the help of an optical trap. The experiments show that the uptake is monotonous and slows down when the remaining DNA segment becomes very short. Numerical and analytical studies of the entropic repulsion between the DNA filament and the membrane wall suggest a new interpretation of the experimental observations. Our results indicate that the repulsion monotonically decreases as the uptake progresses. Thus, the DNA is pulled in (i) either by a small force of unknown origin, and then the slowing down can be interpreted only statistically; (ii) or by a strong but slow ratchet mechanism, which would naturally explain the observed monotonicity, but then the slowing down requires additional explanations. Only further experiments can unambiguously distinguish between these two mechanisms.
Altromycins, novel pluramycin-like antibiotics. I. Taxonomy of the producing organism, fermentation and antibacterial activity. (1990)

The altromycins are novel anthraquinone-derived antibiotics related to the pluramycins. They are produced by an actinomycete, AB 1246E-26, which was isolated from a South African bushveld soil. The altromycins have Gram-positive antibacterial activity with MICs of 0.2 to 3.12 micrograms/ml against Streptococci and Staphylococci.
Comparative Efficacy of a DA2/α2 Agonist and a β-Blocker in Reducing Adrenergic Drive and Cardiac Fibrosis in an Experimental Model of Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Coronary Artery Occlusion (1998)

Attenuation of neuroendocrine activation may be beneficial in congestive heart failure. Sympathetic nervous system overactivity can be reduced by receptors blockade or by reducing norepinephrine (NE) spillover. This study evaluated and compared the effects of a DA2-dopaminergic receptor/alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist (CHF-1024) and a beta1-adrenoreceptor antagonist in terms of hemodynamics, ventricular remodeling, beta-adrenergic drive, and cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. MI was induced by left coronary artery ligation in 213 rats, whereas 12 were left unoperated on. After 2 months, the operated-on animals were treated for 1 more month with CHF-1024 at either 0.33 mg/kg/day (low dose) or 1 mg/kg/day (high dose) or with metoprolol (10 mg/kg/day), delivered through implanted osmotic minipumps. Plasma concentration and urinary excretion of NE were measured before the rats were killed. Hemodynamic variables were measured and morphometric analysis was done on the diastole-arrested hearts to quantify left ventricular remodeling and interstitial collagen density. Metoprolol treatment tended to normalize LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). CHF-1024 at either dose, and metoprolol, significantly reduced collagen deposition in LV of infarcted animals (from 8.8 +/- 0.5% LV area in vehicle-treated rats to 6.6 +/- 0.2% or 6.4 +/- 0.2% after the low or high dose of CHF-1024, respectively; p < 0.05). Similarly, CHF-1024 at either dose reduced the plasma concentration of NE (from 224 +/- 53 pg/ml to 60 +/- 7 pg/ml or 87 +/- 13 pg/ml; p < 0.05) and urinary excretion of NE in rats with MI, whereas beta-blockade did not affect these variables. In conclusion, CHF-1024 infused for 1 month to rats with LV dysfunction reduced heart rate, NE spillover, and collagen deposition, without unwanted effects, only appearing at the higher dose. Effective beta-blockade with metoprotol reduced LVEDP with no effects on heart function. Neither DA2/alpha2 stimulation nor beta-blockade altered LV remodeling after coronary artery ligation.
Two Faces of Protein Kinase Cδ: The Contrasting Roles of PKCδ in Cell Survival and Cell Death (2010)

Protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) is a member of the PKC family that plays a critical role in the regulation of various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell death, and tumor promotion. Since the identification that PKCδ is a substrate for caspase-3, there has been overwhelming literature that linked PKCδ with proapoptotic signaling. While PKCδ generally functions as a proapoptotic protein during DNA damage-induced apoptosis, it can act as an antiapoptotic protein during receptor-initiated cell death. PKCδ has also been implicated in tumor suppression as well as survival of several cancers. The function of PKC-delta depends on various factors, including its localization, tyrosine phosphorylation, and the presence of other pro- and antiapoptoic signaling molecules. This review discusses the current literature on the contrasting roles of PKCδ in cell survival and cell death.
Rheological aspects of thrombosis and haemostasis: basic principles and applications. ICTH-Report--Subcommittee on Rheology of the International Committee on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. (1986)

Etude des debits liquidiens a travers les vaisseaux cylindriques, du comportement de debit du sang, des concepts de base du transport de masse dans le sang. Rappel de la nomenclature
Taxol and discodermolide represent a synergistic drug combination in human carcinoma cell lines. (2000)

Recently, three natural products have been identified, the epothilones, eleutherobin, and discodermolide, whose mechanism of action is similar to that of Taxol in that they stabilize microtubules and block cells in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. In this report, we have compared and contrasted the effects of these new agents in Taxol-sensitive and -resistant cell lines. We also have taken advantage of a human lung carcinoma cell line, A549-T12, that was isolated as a Taxol-resistant cell line and found to require low concentrations of Taxol (2-6 nM) for normal cell division. This study then examined the ability of these new compounds to substitute for Taxol in sustaining the growth of A549-T12 cells. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry have both indicated that the epothilones and eleutherobin, but not discodermolide, can substitute for Taxol in this Taxol-dependent cell line. In A549-T12 cells, the presence of Taxol significantly amplified the cytotoxicity of discodermolide, and this phenomenon was not observed in combinations of Taxol with either the epothilones or eleutherobin. Median effect analysis using the combination index method revealed a schedule-independent synergistic interaction between Taxol and discodermolide in four human carcinoma cell lines, an effect that was not observed between Taxol and epothilone B. Flow cytometry revealed that concurrent exposure of A549 cells to Taxol and discodermolide at doses that do not induce mitotic arrest caused an increase in the hypodiploid population, thereby indicating that a possible mechanism for the observed synergy is the potentiation of apoptosis. Our results suggest that Taxol and discodermolide may constitute a promising chemotherapeutic combination.
연구논문 : 두개의 공분산 행렬의 동질성 검정에서의 영양치 분석 (1994)

두개의 공분산 행렬의 동질성을 검정하는데 있어서, influence curve 방법을 이용하여 outlier를 찾는데 유용한 진단법을 제시한다. 이러한 진단법은 두개 이상의 공분산 행렬의 경우에 쉽게 일반화된다. 경험적 분포함수에 입각한 진단법의 sample version을 고려하며, 이것은 Wilks가 제안한 한개의 outlier를 찾는데 필요한 통계량과 두개의 모집단의 경우로 일반화된 Wilks 통계량를 포함한다.
Evaluation of the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes on contractile function in myocardial reperfusion injury. Evidence for plasma-mediated leukocyte activation. (1993)

Thus, plasma factors, most likely complement, are required for neutrophil activation with oxygen free-radical generation and secondary contractile dysfunction.
A language for shading and lighting calculations (1990)

A shading language provides a means to extend the shading and lighting formulae used by a rendering system. This paper discusses the design of a new shading language based on previous work of Cook and Perlin. This language has various types of shaders for light sources and surface reflectances, point and color data types, control flow constructs that support the casting of outgoing and the integration of incident light, a clearly specified interface to the rendering system using global state variables, and a host of useful built-in functions. The design issues and their impact on the implementation are also discussed.
Stochastic human segmentation from a static camera (2003)

Segmenting individual humans in a high-density scene (e.g., a crowd) acquired from a static camera is challenging mainly due to object inter-occlusion. We define this problem as a "model-based segmentation" problem and the solution is obtained using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach. Knowledge of various aspects including human shape, human height, camera model, and image cues including human head candidates, foreground/background separation are integrated in a Bayesian framework. We show promising results on some challenging data.
Contemporary treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: an update for clinicians (2010)

The prognosis for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has improved significantly, with 20-year survival now approximately 80% owing partly to effective treatment. SLE treatment has evolved from the use of conventional drugs such as hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids, nonspecific immunosuppressants including mycophenolate mofetil, to targeting selective components of the immune cascade with a view to increased efficacy, tolerability and safety profile. These novel treatments include B-cell-depleting antibodies and fusion proteins that block the costimulatory pathways of B and T cells. A discussion of these pharmacological options and ongoing research forms the basis of this review.
Hematopoietic Stem Cells Can Be CD34+ or CD34- (2001)

Until recently, it was thought that the most primitive HSC have a fixed phenotype within a hierarchical differentiation system, and that changes in engraftment and renewal potential occur in a stepwise fashion linked with differentiation. In this review, we summarize the data from several different species and different animal models of hematopoietic stem cell function. Taking into account all of the published data, it becomes clear that the hematopoietic stem cell compartment contains more than one phenotypically identifiable population capable of self-renewal and long term pluripotent engraftment. It is clear that some stem cells express CD34, and others do not. The exact phenotypic progression between these cells needs to be further defined, because different in vivo and ex vivo manipulations may shift the stem cells from one phenotype to another, and this can complicate interpretation of experimental transplant data.