gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field trials of copper fungicides for the control of potato blight I. Foliage protection and yield (1945)

Results are given of eight replicated‐plot trials of a number of copper fungicides in comparison with standard Bordeaux mixture under relatively severe conditions of potato blight incidence, in Devon and Cornwall during the years 1941‐4. Recent methods of disease measurement on foliage were applied and developed; characteristic curves were obtained defining the conditions of trial and the relations between spray timing and progress of blight attack. The time interval between half‐decay dates for sprayed and unsprayed foliage was taken as a numerical criterion of the direct protective effect of spraying. A linear relationship was found to hold between probit foliage decay and time, and this was accounted for by the close correspondence of the probit curve to that derived from a growth law, da = Ca(A ‐ a)dt , where a denotes the percentage foliage area affected by blight at time t after the beginning of the attack. Methods were found for preparing dispersible mixtures of bentonite with active copper compounds for use in spraying. With such admixture, to improve adhesion, both cuprous oxide and copper oxychloride preparations nearly equalled Bordeaux mixture at the same copper dosage. Without sticker, and compounded with water‐soluble dispersing agents, these materials were equalled by Bordeaux mixture at half their copper dosage. Suspensions of metallic copper were found to have pronounced fungicidal effect against Phytophthora infestans. A bearing of this result on the fungicidal mechanism of cuprous oxide is discussed. Results from 103 pairs of twice‐sprayed and unsprayed plots of main‐crop potatoes in Devon and Cornwall in 1941‐4 showed a mean prolongation of growth due to spraying of 16 1/2 days, and a mean gain in total yield of 2 3/4 tons/acre; but the gain in yield resulting from a given prolongation of growth varied greatly, according to the stage of crop development at which the prolongation of growth began. Spray retention data, for correlation with foliage protection and yields, were obtained in all four years.
Targeted Disruption of the Endothelin-B-Receptor Gene Attenuates Inflammatory Nociception and Cutaneous Inflammation in Mice (2000)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been suggested to have a potential function as an inflammatory mediator. The study reported here assessed the putative inflammatory/nociceptive actions of the ET isopeptides using endothelin-B (ET(B))-receptor knockout (KO) mice and ET(A)- (SB 234551) and ET(B)- (A192621) selective antagonists. Phenylbenzoquinone (PBQ)-induced algesia was evident in the wild-type (WT) ET(B) (+/+) mice, attenuated by 80% in the heterozygous ET(B) (+/-) mice, and absent in the ET(B) (-/-) homozygotes. This was reproduced pharmacologically in WT ET(B) (+/+) mice where the algesic effect of PBQ was inhibited 74% by A192621, but unaffected by SB 234551 (both at 25 mg/kg p.o.). Similar observations were made in a model of cutaneous inflammation: ET(B) (+/+) mice had a marked inflammatory response to topical arachidonic acid, ET(B) (+/-) and ET(B) (-/-) mice had significantly reduced edema responses (37% and 65% inhibition). Neutrophil infiltration was reduced in the ET(B) (+/-) and ET(B) (-/-) mice (51% and 65% reduction, respectively). Topical administration of A192621 (500 microg/ear) inhibited arachidonic acid-induced swelling (39%) in WT ET(B) (+/+) mice. Collectively, these results support a role for the ET(B)-receptor in the mediation of inflammatory pain and cutaneous inflammatory responses. As such, the development of ET(B)-receptor-selective antagonists may be of therapeutic utility in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
368. Pseudotyping HIV Vector with the Spike Envelope Protein of SARS-CoV for Studying Viral Tropism, Immunology and Gene Therapy Applications (2004)

The human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a highly infectious agent that requires specific biosafety level 3 laboratory practices. The present study investigated the possibility to pseudotype an HIV-based vector with the SARS-CoV spike envelope protein for facilitating the characterization of this envelope in a safer and less restrictive environment. Spike-pseudotyped HIV vector (spike-HIV) could be produced and concentrated to generate vector stocks containing in the range of 105 transducing units (TU) per ml as determined by limiting dilution on 293T and VeroE6 cells. Spike-HIV vector was compared to wild-type SARS-CoV for transduction/infection of different tissues and the ability to detect neutralizing antibody (NAB) to SARS-CoV from immune serum. Results show that Spike-HIV vector encoding for LacZ (Spike-HIV-LacZ) was slightly more sensitive at detecting the presence of NAB from SARS-CoV immune sera than wild-type SARS-CoV. In addition, both Spike-HIV-LacZ and SARS-CoV could transduce/infect culture of primary human cells such as dendritic and airway epithelial cells. Localization of Spike-HIV-LacZ and SARS-CoV following in vivo administration in the airway of mice will be presented. Overall, results indicate that it is possible to pseudotype HIV vector with the SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein for studying B cell response directed against the virus as well as its natural viral tropism. Spike-HIV vector should facilitate the characterization of SARS-CoV tropism to a high number of different cell types in vitro and in vivo. This could help selecting an optimal animal model and provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis associated with SARS-CoV infection.
Robust decoupled visual servoing based on structured light (2005)

This paper focuses on the problem of realizing a plane-to-plane virtual link between a camera attached to the end-effector of a robot and a planar object. In order to do the system independent to the object surface appearance, a structured light emitter is linked to the camera so that 4 laser pointers are projected onto the object. In a previous paper we showed that such a system has good performance and nice characteristics like partial decoupling near the desired state and robustness against misalignment of the emitter and the camera (J. Pages et al., 2004). However, no analytical results concerning the global asymptotic stability of the system were obtained due to the high complexity of the visual features utilized. In this work we present a better set of visual features which improves the properties of the features in (J. Pages et al., 2004) and for which it is possible to prove the global asymptotic stability.
Understanding Convolution for Semantic Segmentation (2017)

Recent advances in deep learning, especially deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have led to significant improvement over previous semantic segmentation systems. Here we show how to improve pixel-wise semantic segmentation by manipulating convolution-related operations that are of both theoretical and practical value. First, we design dense upsampling convolution (DUC) to generate pixel-level prediction, which is able to capture and decode more detailed information that is generally missing in bilinear upsampling. Second, we propose a hybrid dilated convolution (HDC) framework in the encoding phase. This framework 1) effectively enlarges the receptive fields (RF) of the network to aggregate global information; 2) alleviates what we call the "gridding issue" caused by the standard dilated convolution operation. We evaluate our approaches thoroughly on the Cityscapes dataset, and achieve a state-of-art result of 80.1% mIOU in the test set at the time of submission. We also have achieved state-of-the-art overall on the KITTI road estimation benchmark and the PASCAL VOC2012 segmentation task. Our source code can be found at https://github.com/TuSimple/TuSimple-DUC .
Eigendecomposition-free Training of Deep Networks with Zero Eigenvalue-based Losses (2018)

Many classical Computer Vision problems, such as essential matrix computation and pose estimation from 3D to 2D correspondences, can be solved by finding the eigenvector corresponding to the smallest, or zero, eigenvalue of a matrix representing a linear system. Incorporating this in deep learning frameworks would allow us to explicitly encode known notions of geometry, instead of having the network implicitly learn them from data. However, performing eigendecomposition within a network requires the ability to differentiate this operation. Unfortunately, while theoretically doable, this introduces numerical instability in the optimization process in practice. In this paper, we introduce an eigendecomposition-free approach to training a deep network whose loss depends on the eigenvector corresponding to a zero eigenvalue of a matrix predicted by the network. We demonstrate on several tasks, including keypoint matching and 3D pose estimation, that our approach is much more robust than explicit differentiation of the eigendecomposition, It has better convergence properties and yields state-of-the-art results on both tasks.
Dissolution and Reduction of Magnetite by Bacteria (1995)

Magnetite (Fe3O4) is an iron oxide of mixed oxidation state [Fe(II), Fe(III)] that contributes largely to geomagnetism and plays a significant role in diagenesis in marine and freshwater sediments. Magnetic data are the primary evidence for ocean floor spreading and accurate interpretation of the sedimentary magnetic record depends on an understanding of the conditions under which magnetite is stable. Though chemical reduction of magnetite by dissolved sulfide is well known, biological reduction has not been considered likely based upon thermodynamic considerations. This study shows that marine and freshwater strains of the bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens are capable of the rapid dissolution and reduction of magnetite, converting millimolar amounts to soluble Fe(II)in a few days at room temperature. Conditions under which magnetite reduction is optimal (pH 5-6, 22-37 degrees C) are consistent with an enzymatic process and not with simple chemical reduction. Magnetite reduction requires viable cells and cell contact, and it appears to be coupled to electron transport and growth. In a minimal medium with formate or lactate as the electron donor, more than 10 times the amount of magnetite was reduced over no carbon controls. These data suggest that magnetite reduction is coupled to carbon metabolism in S. putrefaciens. Bacterial reduction rates of magnetite are of the same order of magnitude as those estimated for reduction by sulfide. If such remobilization of magnetite occurs in nature, it could have a major impact on sediment magnetism and diagenesis.
Sound-Induced Motion of a Nanoscale Fiber (2017)

An analysis is presented of the motion of a thin fiber, supported on each end, due to a sound wave that propagates in the direction perpendicular to its long axis. Predicted and measured results indicate that when fibers or hairs having a diameter measurably less than 1 μm are subjected to air-borne acoustic excitation, their motion can be a very reasonable approximation to that of the acoustic particle motion at frequencies spanning the audible range. For much of the audible range of frequencies resonant behavior due to reflections from the supports tends to be heavily damped so that the details of the boundary conditions do not play a significant role in determining the overall system response. Thin fibers are thus constrained to simply move with the surrounding medium. These results suggest that if the diameter or radius is chosen to be sufficiently small, incorporating a suitable transduction scheme to convert its mechanical motion into an electronic signal could lead to a sound sensor that very closely depicts the acoustic particle motion over a wide range of frequencies.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in inflamed and vascularized human corneas. (2000)

These results demonstrate that VEGF, Flt-1, and Flk-1 are strongly expressed in inflamed and vascularized human corneas and, thus, may play an important role in corneal neovascularization.
Desarrollo de sistemas software industriales dirigido por modelos: aplicación a OPC UA e IEC 61131-3 (2018)

El objetivo principal de esta tesis se centra en estudiar las posibilidades que ofrecen las herramientas y tecnologias de la Ingenieria Dirigida por Modelos en la construccion de software para sistemas industriales flexibles, adaptables, confiables y que sean facilmente mantenibles.
Effect of high-pressure processing on the mechanical and barrier properties of selected packagings (2006)

This investigation focuses on the effect of high-pressure processing (HPP) on possible changes of the mechanical properties and of the water vapour permeability of seven selected packaging materials. NOD 259 (PA-PE), BB4L (Cryovac-Grace packaging), PET/BOA/PE, PET/PVDC/PE, PA/SY, LDPE and EVA/PE were investigated (PET, polyester; PE, polyethylene; SY, surlyn; LDPE, low-density polyethylene; EVA, polyethylene–vinyl acetate co-polymer; BOA, biaxially oriented polyamide). These packaging materials were selected because of their interest to the food industry. All had an internal film of PE for food use. High-pressure tests were realized at 10°C for 10 min at pressures of 200, 400 and 600 MPa, with water as a food-simulating fluid. The depressurization rate was either rapid (pressure drop in <10s) or slow (20 MPa/min). Permeability to water vapour was realized using the NFF H 00 030–ASTM E96-90 standard. Mechanical tests were carried out with a tensile testing machine (Lloyd LR5K), according to the NF 54-102 standard. Maximal stress, rupture stress and strain at rupture were evaluated with non-treated and treated samples. Obtained results showed that HPP minimally affects the mechanical strength of packaging material. The depressurization rate did not have any significant influence in our conditions. The barrier properties to water vapour were not significantly affected and were even slightly enhanced for LDPE, which is a packaging material commonly used for HPP applications and at least as a food contact material. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of CdSe Nanocrystals with Applications to Studies of the Nanocrystal Surface (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTX-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of CdSe Nanocrystals with Applications to Studies of the Nanocrystal SurfaceJ. E. Bowen Katari, V. L. Colvin, and A. P. AlivisatosCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 15, 4109–4117Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100066a034https://doi.org/10.1021/j100066a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7855Altmetric-Citations1010LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Isolation and characterization of a novel class of plant antimicrobial peptides form Mirabilis jalapa L. seeds. (1992)

We have isolated from seeds of Mirabilis jalapa L. two antimicrobial peptides, designated Mj-AMP1 and Mj-AMP2, respectively. These peptides are highly basic and consist of 37 and 36 residues for Mj-AMP1 and Mj-AMP2, respectively. Both peptides contain three disulfide bridges and differ from one another only by 4 amino acids. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the reduced and unreduced peptides suggests that the peptides associate into dimers in their native form. The Mj-AMPs exhibit a broad spectrum of antifungal activity since they are active against all 13 tested plant pathogenic fungi. Concentrations required for 50% inhibition of fungal growth vary from 6 to 300 micrograms/ml for Mj-AMP1 and from 0.5 to 20 micrograms/ml for Mj-AMP2. These peptides were also active on two tested Gram-positive bacteria but were apparently nontoxic for Gram-negative bacteria and cultured human cells. Although the Mj-AMPs show sequence similarity to mu-agatoxins, a class of insecticidal neurotoxic peptides isolated from the venom of spiders, they do not affect pulse transmission in insect nerves.
Subunit Arrangement in P2X Receptors (2003)

ATP-gated ionotropic receptors (P2X receptors) are distributed widely in the nervous system. For example, a hetero-oligomeric receptor containing both P2X2 and P2X3 subunits is involved in primary afferent sensation. Each subunit has two membrane-spanning domains. We have used disulfide bond formation between engineered cysteines to demonstrate close proximity between the outer ends of the first transmembrane domain of one subunit and the second transmembrane domain of another. After expression in HEK 293 cells of such modified P2X2 or P2X4 subunits, the disulfide bond formation is evident because an ATP-evoked channel opening requires previous reduction with dithiothreitol. In the hetero-oligomeric P2X2/3 receptor the coexpression of doubly substituted subunits with wild-type partners allows us to deduce that the hetero-oligomeric channel contains adjacent P2X3 subunits but does not contain adjacent P2X2 subunits. The results suggest a "head-to-tail" subunit arrangement in the quaternary structure of P2X receptors and show that a trimeric P2X2/3 receptor would have the composition P2X2(P2X3)2.
Gut Microbiota Is a Key Modulator of Insulin Resistance in TLR 2 Knockout Mice (2011)

Environmental factors and host genetics interact to control the gut microbiota, which may have a role in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. TLR2-deficient mice, under germ-free conditions, are protected from diet-induced insulin resistance. It is possible that the presence of gut microbiota could reverse the phenotype of an animal, inducing insulin resistance in an animal genetically determined to have increased insulin sensitivity, such as the TLR2 KO mice. In the present study, we investigated the influence of gut microbiota on metabolic parameters, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and signaling of TLR2-deficient mice. We investigated the gut microbiota (by metagenomics), the metabolic characteristics, and insulin signaling in TLR2 knockout (KO) mice in a non-germ free facility. Results showed that the loss of TLR2 in conventionalized mice results in a phenotype reminiscent of metabolic syndrome, characterized by differences in the gut microbiota, with a 3-fold increase in Firmicutes and a slight increase in Bacteroidetes compared with controls. These changes in gut microbiota were accompanied by an increase in LPS absorption, subclinical inflammation, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and later, obesity. In addition, this sequence of events was reproduced in WT mice by microbiota transplantation and was also reversed by antibiotics. At the molecular level the mechanism was unique, with activation of TLR4 associated with ER stress and JNK activation, but no activation of the IKKβ-IκB-NFκB pathway. Our data also showed that in TLR2 KO mice there was a reduction in regulatory T cell in visceral fat, suggesting that this modulation may also contribute to the insulin resistance of these animals. Our results emphasize the role of microbiota in the complex network of molecular and cellular interactions that link genotype to phenotype and have potential implications for common human disorders involving obesity, diabetes, and even other immunological disorders.
PEG Hydrogels for the Controlled Release of Biomolecules in Regenerative Medicine (2008)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels are widely used in a variety of biomedical applications, including matrices for controlled release of biomolecules and scaffolds for regenerative medicine. The design, fabrication, and characterization of PEG hydrogels rely on the understanding of fundamental gelation kinetics as well as the purpose of the application. This review article will focus on different polymerization mechanisms of PEG-based hydrogels and the importance of these biocompatible hydrogels in regenerative medicine applications. Furthermore, the design criteria that are important in maintaining the availability and stability of the biomolecules as well as the mechanisms for loading of biomolecules within PEG hydrogels will also be discussed. Finally, we overview and provide a perspective on some of the emerging novel design and applications of PEG hydrogel systems, including the spatiotemporal-controlled delivery of biomolecules, hybrid hydrogels, and PEG hydrogels designed for controlled stem cell differentiation.
Chemical Biology of Protein Arginine Modifications in Epigenetic Regulation (2015)

Review article on histone citrullination (arginine deimination), histone arginine methylation, and noncanonical histone arginine modifications.
A Novel Chemoimmunomodulating Property of Docetaxel: Suppression of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Tumor Bearers (2010)

These findings suggest potential clinical benefit for the addition of docetaxel to current immunotherapeutic protocols.
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repairs: An Anatomic and Biomechanical Rationale for Different Suture‐Anchor Repair Configurations (2007)

The goal of rotator cuff repairs is to achieve high initial fixation strength, minimize gap formation, maintain mechanical stability under cyclic loading, and optimize the biology of the tendon-bone interface until the cuff heals biologically to the bone. We have seen an evolution in our approaches to fixing rotator cuff tears from open to mini-open to all arthroscopic. In our arthroscopic techniques, we have also seen a change in the types of anchors and sutures we use and our repair techniques including an evolution in techniques that include single row, double row, and, most recently, transosseous equivalent fixation. Single-row repairs are least successful in restoring the footprint of the rotator cuff and are most susceptible to gap formation. Double-row repairs have an improved load to failure and minimal gap formation. Transosseous equivalent repairs have the highest ultimate load and resistance to shear and rotational forces and the lowest gap formation. This review will discuss the anatomy and biomechanics of a normal rotator cuff, the biomechanical factors that play a role in rotator cuff repairs, the initial fixation repair mechanics, and finally propose an algorithm for rotator cuff fixation based on tissue quality and tear configuration.