gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of wild-type p53 activity in human cancer cells by ribozymes that repair mutant p53 transcripts (2000)

Several groups have attempted to develop gene therapy strategies to treat cancer via introduction of the wild-type (wt) p53 cDNA into cancer cells. Unfortunately, these approaches do not result in regulated expression of the p53 gene and do not reduce expression of the mutant p53 that is overexpressed in cancerous cells. These shortcomings may greatly limit the utility of this gene replacement approach. We describe an alternative strategy with trans-splicing ribozymes that can simultaneously reduce mutant p53 expression and restore wt p53 activity in various human cancers. The ribozyme accomplished such conversion by repairing defective p53 mRNAs with high fidelity and specificity. The corrected transcripts were translated to produce functional p53 that can transactivate p53-responsive promoters and down-modulate expression of the multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene promoter. The level of wt p53 activity generated was significant, resulting in a 23-fold induction of a p53-responsive promoter and a 3-fold reduction in MDR1 promoter expression in transfected cancer cells. Once efficient delivery systems are developed, this strategy should prove useful for making human cancers more responsive to p53 activity and more sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents.
Visual input for pen-based computers (1996)

Handwriting may be captured using a video camera, rather than the customary pressure-sensitive tablet. This paper presents a simple system based on correlation and recursive prediction methods that can track the tip of the pen in real time with sufficient spatio-temporal resolution and accuracy to enable handwritten character recognition. The system is tested on a large and heterogeneous set of examples and its performance is compared to that of three human operators and a commercial high-resolution pressure-sensitive tablet.
Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Biocides Target the FabI Component of Fatty Acid Synthesis (1998)

The broad spectrum antibacterial properties of 2-hydroxydiphenyl ethers have been appreciated for decades, and their use in consumer products is rapidly increasing. We identify the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (fabI) component of the type II fatty acid synthase system as the specific cellular target for these antibacterials. Biologically active 2-hydroxydiphenyl ethers effectively inhibit fatty acid synthesis in vivo and FabI activity in vitro. Resistant mechanisms include up-regulation of fabI expression and spontaneously arising missense mutations in the fabI gene. These results contradict the view that these compounds directly disrupt membranes and suggest that their widespread use will select for resistant bacterial populations.
Transmission of Rhinovirus Colds by Self-Inoculation (1973)

We investigated transmission of rhinovirus colds by examining shedding by infected patients, survival of virus outside the host, and inoculation of susceptible persons. Two of 25 infected persons expelled virus in a cough or sneeze; four of 10 had virus on their hands. Dried rhinovirus could be picked up by the fingers from skin or environmental surfaces. Four of 11 volunteers became infected after touching their nasal or conjunctival mucosa with fingers previously contaminated by rubbing a dried drop of rhinovirus. Adults expose the nasal or conjunctival mucosa to the fingers frequently under natural conditions. Transmission of rhinoviruses from infected to susceptible persons under natural conditions may proceed by transfer of virus from the hands of the infected person to an intermediary surface or directly to the fingers of the susceptible recipient. Infection then results from self-inoculation of eyes or nose with virus on the fingers. (N Engl J Med 288:1361–1364, 1973)
Improving wireless network performance using sensor hints (2011)

With the proliferation of mobile wireless devices such as smartphones and tablets that are used in a wide range of locations and movement conditions, it has become important for wireless protocols to adapt to different settings over short periods of time. Network protocols that perform well in static settings where channel conditions are relatively stable tend to perform poorly in mobile settings where channel conditions change rapidly, and vice versa. To adapt to the conditions under which communication is occurring, we propose the use of external sensor hints to augment network protocols. Commodity smartphones and tablet devices come equipped with a variety of sensors, including GPS, accelerometers, magnetic compasses, and gyroscopes, which can provide hints about the device's mobility state and its operating environment. We present a wireless protocol architecture that integrates sensor hints in adaptation algorithms. We validate the idea and architecture by implementing and evaluating sensor-augmented wireless protocols for bit rate adaptation, access point association, neighbor maintenance in mobile mesh networks, and path selection in vehicular networks.
Activation of Innate Immunity, Inflammation, and Potentiation of DNA Vaccination through Mammalian Expression of the TLR5 Agonist Flagellin (2005)

Improving DNA vaccination remains a fundamental goal in vaccine research. Theoretically, this could be achieved by molecules encoded by DNA capable of activating TLRs to mimic inflammatory responses generated by infection. Therefore, we constructed an expression vector that allows mammalian cells to express the TLR5 agonist flagellin (FliC) at the cell surface. In vitro, cell lines expressing FliC stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines and the up-regulation of costimulatory molecules on monocytes. Mice given the FliC expression vector intradermally exhibited site-specific inflammation and, in combination with vectors expressing Ags, developed dramatic increases in Ag-specific IgG as well as IgA. Surprisingly, mice also developed strong Ag-specific MHC class I-restricted cellular immunity. To determine whether vaccination using FliC vectors could elicit protective immunity to an infectious agent, mice were given dermal injections of FliC expression vector together with a vector encoding the influenza A virus nucleoprotein. This vaccination strategy elicited protective immunity to lethal influenza A virus infection. These results demonstrate that expression of DNA-encoded TLR agonists by mammalian cells greatly enhance and broaden immune responses, imposing new possibilities on DNA vaccination to infectious agents and cancer.
Regulated Expression of pdx-1 Promotes In Vitro Differentiation of Insulin-Producing Cells From Embryonic Stem Cells (2004)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells can differentiate into many cell types. Recent reports have shown that ES cells can differentiate into insulin-producing cells. However, the differentiation is not efficient enough to produce insulin-secreting cells for future therapeutic use. Pdx-1, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, is a crucial regulator for pancreatic development. We established an ES cell line in which exogenous pdx-1 expression was precisely regulated by the Tet-off system integrated into the ROSA26 locus. Using this cell line, we examined the effect of pdx-1 expression during in vitro differentiation via embryoid body formation. The results showed that pdx-1 expression clearly enhanced the expression of the insulin 2, somatostatin, Kir6.2, glucokinase, neurogenin3, p48, Pax6, PC2, and HNF6 genes in the resulting differentiated cells. Immunohistochemical examination also revealed that insulin was highly produced in most of the differentiated ES cells. Thus, exogenous expression of pdx-1 should provide a promising approach for efficiently producing insulin-secreting cells from human ES cells for future therapeutic use in diabetic patients.
CUT&Tag for efficient epigenomic profiling of small samples and single cells (2019)

Many chromatin features play critical roles in regulating gene expression. A complete understanding of gene regulation will require the mapping of specific chromatin features in small samples of cells at high resolution. Here we describe Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag), an enzyme-tethering strategy that provides efficient high-resolution sequencing libraries for profiling diverse chromatin components. In CUT&Tag, a chromatin protein is bound in situ by a specific antibody, which then tethers a protein A-Tn5 transposase fusion protein. Activation of the transposase efficiently generates fragment libraries with high resolution and exceptionally low background. All steps from live cells to sequencing-ready libraries can be performed in a single tube on the benchtop or a microwell in a high-throughput pipeline, and the entire procedure can be performed in one day. We demonstrate the utility of CUT&Tag by profiling histone modifications, RNA Polymerase II and transcription factors on low cell numbers and single cells.
Augmenting fast-forward and rewind for personal digital video recorders (2005)

This work describes a set of interfaces for augmenting fast-forward and rewind on consumer digital video recorders. Our method overlays a series of images sampled from the video over top of the traditional full screen accelerated playback. This sequence creates a trail that provides contextual information and highlights upcoming scene changes in the video stream. With this augmentation, consumers are more accurate at traversing to a desired location in a recorded video. This advantage is achieved by taking advantage of compressed-domain processing and adds little computational and storage overhead.
NK1.1+ CD4+ CD8‐ thymocytes with specific lymphokine secretion (1993)

Abstract CD4+8 − or CD4 − 8 + thymocytes have been regarded as direct progenitors of peripheral T cells. However, recently, we have found a novel NK1.1 + subpopulation with skewed T cell antigen receptor (TcR) Vβ family among heat‐stable antigen negative (HSA − ) CD4 + 8 − thymocytes. In the present study, we show that these NK1.1 + CD4+8 − thymocytes, which represent a different lineage from the major NK1.1 − CD4 + 8 − thymocytes or CD4 + lymph node T cells, vigorously secrete interleukin (IL)‐4 and interfron (IFN)‐γ upon stimulation with immobilized anti‐TcR‐αβ antibody. On the other hand, neither NK1.1 − CD4+8 − thymocytes nor CD4 + lymph node T cells produced substantial amounts of these lymphokines. A similar pattern of lymphokine secretion was observed with the NK1.1 + CD4 + T cells obtained from bone marrow. The present findings elucidate the recent observations that HSA − CD4 + 8 − thymocytes secrete a variety of lymphokines including IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐10 before the CD4 + 8 − thymocytes are exported from thymus. Our evidence indicates that NK1.1 + CD4 + 8 − thymocytes are totally responsible for the specific lymphokine secretions observed in the HSA‐ CD4 + 8 − thymocytes.
Pentafluoropropionyl Hypofluorite (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPentafluoropropionyl HypofluoriteAndrew Menefee and George H. CadyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 7, 2020–2021Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01636a095https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01636a095research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Code reuse DS-CDMA - A Space Time approach (2002)

The conventional short code CDMA system has a user capacity that is constrained to the short code spreading gain. In order to overcome this limitation, in this paper we propose a blind asynchronous single-user code reuse direct sequence CDMA array receiver, which is based on a novel multipath joint space-time channel estimation technique. The proposed near-far resistant architecture is appropriate for the uplink. Unlike existing multipath receivers, such as the Space-Time Decorrelating Detector and the Space-Time MMSE Receiver, the proposed receiver is tolerant to incomplete channel estimation. The theoretical framework is supported by computer simulations.
Targeting of Embryonic Stem Cells by Peptide-Conjugated Quantum Dots (2010)

These data demonstrate that our established method of screening for embryonic stem cell specific binding peptides by phage display is feasible. Moreover, the peptide-conjugated quantum dots may be applicable for embryonic stem cell study and utilization.
Secondary metabolites with nematicidal and antimicrobial activity from nematophagous fungi and Ascomycetes (1995)

Screening of nematode-trapping fungi for antimicrobial and nematicidal activities gave three new antimicrobial metabolites from cultures of five Arthrobotrys strains. The compounds exhibited no nematicidal activities towards Caenorhabditis elegans and Meloidogyne incognita. From trap-forming submerged cultures of Arthrobotrys conoides, linoleic acid was isolated as a nematicidal principle. Its production increased with the number of traps formed in both Arthrobotrys oligospora and Arthrobotrys conoides. Nematoctonus robustus and Nematoctonus concurrens produced pleurotin, dihydropleurotinic acid, and leucopleurotin, metabolites previously isolated from cultures of Hohenbuehelia species, suggesting that the same biosynthetic pathways function in both the teleomorph and anamorph. Several strains of Ascomycetes had nematicidal activities; linoleic acid was responsible for the activity in cultures of a Chlorosplenium species, 14-epicochlioquinone B in cultures of Neobulgaria pura, and two naphthalenes derived from the melanin biosynthetic pathway in Daldinia concentrica. 5-Pentyl-2-furaldehyde, previously known as a metabolite from a Basidiomycete, was produced by an unidentified Australian Ascomycete. More than 30 mostly new metabolites have been isolated from cultures of Lachnum papyraceum, many being chlorinated. Under different conditions the fungus incorporated bromine instead of chlorine. Key words: nematophagous fungi, natural nematicides, linoleic acid, chlorinated secondary metabolites.
Gonococcal Phospholipase D Modulates the Expression and Function of Complement Receptor 3 in Primary Cervical Epithelial Cells (2003)

CR3-mediated endocytosis is a primary mechanism by which Neisseria gonorrhoeae elicits membrane ruffling and cellular invasion of the cervical epithelia. Our data indicate that, upon infection of cervical epithelia, N. gonorrhoeae specifically releases proteins, including a phospholipase D (PLD) homolog, which facilitate membrane ruffling. To elucidate the function of gonococcal PLD in infection of the cervical epithelia, we constructed an N. gonorrhoeae PLD mutant. By comparative association and/or invasion assays, we demonstrated that PLD mutant gonococci are impaired in their ability to adhere to and to invade primary cervical cells. This defect can be rescued by the addition of supernatants obtained from wild-type-infected cell monolayers but not by exogenously added Streptomyces PLD. The decreased level of total cell association (i.e., adherence and invasion) observed for mutant gonococci is, in part, attributed to the inability of these bacteria to recruit CR3 to the cervical cell surface with extended infection. Using electron microscopy, we demonstrate that gonococcal PLD may be necessary to potentiate membrane ruffling and clustering of gonococci on the cervical cell surface. These data may be indicative of the inability of PLD mutant gonococci to recruit CR3 to the cervical cell surface. Alternatively, in the absence of gonococcal PLD, signal transduction events required for CR3 clustering may not be activated. Collectively, our data indicate that PLD augments CR3-mediated gonococcus invasion of and survival within cervical epithelia.
The Design, Activation and Selective Transformation of Organometallic Compounds into Common and Exotic Materials (1988)

Abstract : Future directions in Materials Chemistry research are identified based on the NATO/ONR Advanced Research Workshop 'The Design, Activation and Selective Transformation of Organometallic Compounds into Common and Exotic Materials'. Specific problems and research needs in the fields of: (1) Premetallic and preceramic organometallics; (2) Chemical Vapor deposition precursors; and, (3) Sol-gel chemistry are discussed. Fundamental problems at the interfaces of chemistry, physics, and materials science are also considered. Keywords: Polymers, Molecular structure, Thermodynamics, Chemical engineering, Monomers, Reaction kinetics, Catalysis, Pyrolysis.
Variation in Gene Expression Patterns in Human Gastric Cancers (2003)

Gastric cancer is the world's second most common cause of cancer death. We analyzed gene expression patterns in 90 primary gastric cancers, 14 metastatic gastric cancers, and 22 nonneoplastic gastric tissues, using cDNA microarrays representing approximately 30,300 genes. Gastric cancers were distinguished from nonneoplastic gastric tissues by characteristic differences in their gene expression patterns. We found a diversity of gene expression patterns in gastric cancer, reflecting variation in intrinsic properties of tumor and normal cells and variation in the cellular composition of these complex tissues. We identified several genes whose expression levels were significantly correlated with patient survival. The variations in gene expression patterns among cancers in different patients suggest differences in pathogenetic pathways and potential therapeutic strategies.
New York Times Annotated Corpus (2012)

The New York Times Corpus contains over 1.8 million articles written and published by the New York Times between January 1, 1987 and June 19, 2007 with article metadata provided by the New York Times Newsroom, the New York Times Indexing Service and the online production staff at nytimes.com. The corpus includes: over 1.8 million articles (excluding wire services articles that appeared during the covered period); over 650,000 article summaries written; over 1,500,000 articles manually tagged by library scientists with tags drawn from a normalized indexing vocabulary of people, organizations, locations and topic descriptors; over 275,000 algorithmically-tagged articles that have been hand verified by the online production staff at nytimes.com; Java tools for parsing corpus documents from .xml into a memory resident object. As part of the New York Times' indexing procedures, most articles are manually summarized and tagged by a staff of library scientists. This collection contains over 650,000 article-summary pairs which may prove to be useful in the development and evaluation of algorithms for automated document summarization. Also, over 1.5 million documents have at least one tag. Articles are tagged for persons, places, organizations, titles and topics using a controlled vocabulary that is applied consistently across articles.
CONCEPT AND THEORY OF TEST ANXIETY (1991)

Test situations are relatively specific and are experienced by everyone. The major purposes of this overview are to review the current concepts and theories of test anxiety and based on this review to suggest future directions in test anxiety theory and research. Test anxiety can be explained in terms of drive-oriented approach. trait-state anxiety theory, cognitive theory, cognitive and emotional approach, and psychodynamic theory. Usually, high test-anxious students keep the following characteristics : 1) The test situation is seen as difficult, challenging and threatening. 2) The individual sees himself as ineffective, and inadequate in handling the task at hand. 3) The individual focuses on undesirable consequences of personal inadequacy. 4) Self-deprecatory preoccupations are strong and interfere or compete with task-relevant cognitive activity. 5) The individual expects and anticipates failure and loss of regard by others. Future directions in test anxiety research should be focused to elucidate the nature and construct of test anxiety and the etiological factors of test anxiety by conducting research on the relationship between parental or social attitude and test anxiety. The effects of test anxiety on memory, attention, and cue utilization should be performed to elucidate the relationship between test anxiety and performance.
Anaerobic oxidation of p-cresol by a denitrifying bacterium (1986)

Metabolism of p-cresol (pCr) under nitrate-reducing conditions is mediated by the denitrifying bacterial isolate PC-07. The methyl substituent of the substrate is oxidized anaerobically by whole-cell suspensions of PC-07 through a series of dehydrogenation and hydration reactions to yield p-hydroxybenzoate (pOHB) in stoichiometric proportions. The partially oxidized intermediates in the pathway p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde can also serve as substrates for pOHB formation. Nitrate is required as the external electron acceptor and is reduced to molecular N2. Reduction of the nitrate is stoichiometric, with pCr serving as the electron donor. In addition, the molar relationship between the electron acceptor (NO3-) reduced to the electron donor oxidized decreased to approximately 2:3 and then to 1:3 when p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol or p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, respectively, served as substrates. The decreased ratios were to be expected when the partially oxidized intermediates served as substrates, because they provided correspondingly less reducing power for pOHB formation. The anaerobic oxidation of pCr by PC-07 demonstrates a mechanism whereby aromatic compounds can be transformed in anoxic environments.
CACTI: an enhanced cache access and cycle time model (1996)

This paper describes an analytical model for the access and cycle times of on-chip direct-mapped and set-associative caches. The inputs to the model are the cache size, block size, and associativity, as well as array organization and process parameters. The model gives estimates that are within 6% of Hspice results for the circuits we have chosen. This model extends previous models and fixes many of their major shortcomings. New features include models for the tag array, comparator, and multiplexor drivers, nonstep stage input slopes, rectangular stacking of memory subarrays, a transistor-level decoder model, column-multiplexed bitlines controlled by an additional array organizational parameter, load-dependent size transistors for wordline drivers, and output of cycle times as well as access times. Software implementing the model is available via ftp.