gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the modeling of DCT and subband image data for compression (1995)

Image subband and discrete cosine transform coefficients are modeled for efficient quantization and noiseless coding. Quantizers and codes are selected based on Laplacian, fixed generalized Gaussian, and adaptive generalized Gaussian models. The quantizers and codes based on the adaptive generalized Gaussian models are always superior in mean-squared error distortion performance but, generally, by no more than 0.08 bit/pixel, compared with the much simpler Laplacian model-based quantizers and noiseless codes. This provides strong motivation for the selection of pyramid codes for transform and subband image coding.
Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide on an Indium Wire in a KOH/Methanol-Based Electrolyte at Ambient Temperature and Pressure (1999)

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 in a KOH/methanol-based electrolyte was investigated with an indium (In) wire electrode at ambient temperature and pressure. Formic acid, carbon monoxide, and methane were the main products from the CO2. The formation of formic acid from the CO2 predominated in all the potential ranges studied. Under the optimum experimental conditions, 76.0% Faradaic efficiency formic acid, 41.4% CO, and 0.2% methane were produced from CO2 by the electrochemical reduction. Hydrogen evolution, in competition with CO2 reduction, was observed at only 0.2% Faradaic efficiency. The partial current density for CO2 reduction was more than 429 times larger than that for hydrogen evolution. This research can contribute to the application in the conversion of CO2-saturated methanol into useful products and the large-scale removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. Key words: Electrochemical reduction; carbon dioxide; indium wire electrode; KOH/methanol-based electrolyte; global warming
Computed Tomography of Experimental Liver Abscesses Using a New Liposomal Contrast Agent (1996)

The diagnostic value of LI exceeds that of iopentol in terms of overall abscess contrast and duration of the diagnostic interval. The higher hepatic vessel contrast allows better abscess localization.
The turn sequence directs β‐ strand alignment in designed β‐hairpins (1999)

A previous NMR investigation of model decapeptides with identical beta-strand sequences and different turn sequences demonstrated that, in these peptide systems, the turn residues played a more predominant role in defining the type of beta-hairpin adopted than cross-strand side-chain interactions. This result needed to be tested in longer beta-hairpin forming peptides, containing more potentially stabilizing cross-strand hydrogen bonds and side-chain interactions that might counterbalance the influence of the turn sequence. In that direction, we report here on the design and 1H NMR conformational study of three beta-hairpin forming pentadecapeptides. The design consists of adding two and three residues at the N- and C-termini, respectively, of the previously studied decapeptides. One of the designed pentadecapeptides includes a potentially stabilizing R-E salt bridge to investigate the influence of this interaction on beta-hairpin stability. We suggest that this peptide self-associates by forming intermolecular salt bridges. The other two pentadecapeptides behave as monomers. A conformational analysis of their 1H NMR spectra reveals that they adopt different types of beta-hairpin structure despite having identical strand sequences. Hence, the beta-turn sequence drives beta-hairpin formation in the investigated pentadecapeptides that adopt beta-hairpins that are longer than the average protein beta-hairpins. These results reinforce our previous suggestion concerning the key role played by the turn sequence in directing the kind of beta-hairpin formed by designed peptides.
Glutamine 151 participates in the substrate dNTP binding function of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (1995)

In order to define the role of Gln151 in the polymerase function of HIV-1 RT, we carried out site-directed mutagenesis of this residue by substituting it with a conserved (Q151N) and a nonconserved residue (Q151A). Q151N exhibited properties analogous to those of the wild-type enzyme, while Q151A has severely impaired polymerase activity. The Q151A mutant exhibited a 15-100-fold reduction in kcat with RNA [poly(rC) and poly(rA)] templates, while only a 5-fold reduction could be seen with the DNA [poly(dC)] template. Most interestingly, the affinity of the Q151A mutant for dNTP substrate remained unchanged with RNA templates, but a significant increase in Km was noted with the DNA template. The binding affinity of Q151A for DNA remained unchanged, as judged by photoaffinity cross-linking. However, unlike the wild-type enzyme, the Q151A mutant failed to catalyze the nucleotidyl transferase reaction onto the primer terminus of the covalently immobilized template-primer. The enzyme showed profoundly altered divalent cation preference from Mg2+ to Mn2+. These results strongly implicate Q151 of HIV-1 RT in the substrate dNTP binding function and possibly in the following chemical (catalytic) step. The effects of the mutation seem to be through Q151 of the p66 catalytic subunit, as p66WTt/p51Q151A retains the wild-type kinetic constants and nucleotidyl transferase activity. In contrast, p66Q151A/p51WT is indistinguishable from Q151A (mutated in both subunits). A model of the ternary complex (enzyme-template-primer and dNTP) has been used to infer the possible mode by which Q151 may interact with the base moiety of the substrate as well as with Arg72, a residue present within the active site of HIV-1 RT.
The human transmembrane proteome (2015)

Here, we present the most accurate prediction of the human transmembrane proteome together with the experimental topology data. These data, as well as various statistics about the human transmembrane proteins and their topologies can be downloaded from and can be visualized at the website of the human transmembrane proteome ( http://htp.enzim.hu ).
Autoantibodies to Synaptic Receptors and Neuronal Cell Surface Proteins in Autoimmune Diseases of the Central Nervous System (2017)

Investigations in the last 10 years have revealed a new category of neurological diseases mediated by antibodies against cell surface and synaptic proteins. There are currently 16 such diseases all characterized by autoantibodies against neuronal proteins involved in synaptic signaling and plasticity. In clinical practice these findings have changed the diagnostic and treatment approach to potentially lethal, but now treatable, neurological and psychiatric syndromes previously considered idiopathic or not even suspected to be immune-mediated. Studies show that patients' antibodies can impair the surface dynamics of the target receptors eliminating them from synapses (e.g., NMDA receptor), block the function of the antigens without changing their synaptic density (e.g., GABAb receptor), interfere with synaptic protein-protein interactions (LGI1, Caspr2), alter synapse formation (e.g., neurexin-3α), or by unclear mechanisms associate to a new form of tauopathy (IgLON5). Here we first trace the process of discovery of these diseases, describing the triggers and symptoms related to each autoantigen, and then review in detail the structural and functional alterations caused by the autoantibodies with special emphasis in those (NMDA receptor, amphiphysin) that have been modeled in animals.
Design of Slepian-Wolf codes by channel code partitioning (2004)

A Slepian-Wolf coding scheme that can achieve arbitrary rate allocation among two encoders was outlined in the work of Pradhan and Ramchandran. Inspired by this work, we start with a detailed solution for general (asymmetric or symmetric) Slepian-Wolf coding based on partitioning a single systematic channel code, and continue with practical code designs using advanced channel codes. By using systematic IRA and turbo codes, we devise a powerful scheme that is capable of approaching any point on the Slepian-Wolf bound. We further study an extension of the technique to multiple sources, and show that for a particular correlation model among the sources, a single practical channel code can be designed for coding all the sources in symmetric and asymmetric scenarios. If the code approaches the capacity of the channel that models the correlation between the sources, then the system will approach the Slepian-Wolf limit. Using systematic IRA and punctured turbo codes for coding two binary sources, each being independent identically distributed, with correlation modeled by a binary symmetric channel, we obtain results which are 0.04 bits away from the theoretical limit in both symmetric and asymmetric Slepian-Wolf settings.
Fuzzy processing on GPS data to improve the position accuracy (2002)

A new application of fuzzy set theory to the problem of GPS positioning accuracy improvement is presented. We employed fuzzy processing on the C/A code stand-alone receiver and the DGPS receiver. The membership functions for the processing are determined by position dilution of precision (PDOP), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the reliable factor of fixed position. We can select more accurate position fixes according to the values of the reliable factors. The accuracy of positioning has been improved by selecting position fixes from the original ones.
Markers of oxidative and nitrosative stress in systemic lupus erythematosus: Correlation with disease activity (2010)

These findings support an association between oxidative/nitrosative stress and SLE. The stronger response observed in serum samples from patients with higher SLEDAI scores suggests that markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress may be useful in evaluating the progression of SLE and in elucidating the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
Resonant micro-Raman spectroscopy of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes on a-plane sapphire (2008)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Lewis Gomez-De Arco, Bo Lei, Stephen Cronin, Chongwu Zhou; Resonant micro-Raman spectroscopy of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes on a-plane sapphire. Appl. Phys. Lett. 22 September 2008; 93 (12): 123112. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2979701 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: presenting features and outcome in a series with 217 cases (2001)

In this report we analyse the presenting features of a series of patients diagnosed with Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) in Spain over the last 10 years. Criteria for diagnosis required a serum monoclonal IgM protein > or = 30 g/l and > 20% bone marrow lymphocytes. Two hundred and seventeen patients were included in the study, with a median age of 69 years and male/female ratio of 2:1. The most common symptoms at diagnosis were anaemia (38%), hyperviscosity (31%), B symptoms (23%), bleeding (23%) and neurological symptoms (22%). Sixty-one patients (27%) were asymptomatic at diagnosis and, to date, 32 of them have not received chemotherapy. Variables predicting a shorter survival free of therapy were haemoglobin < 12.5 g/dl and high beta2microglobulin (beta2M). The 83% of patients who did receive treatment were distributed as follows: chlorambucil/prednisone (43%), intermittent chlorambucil (11%), continuous chlorambucil (26%), cyclophosphamide/vincristine/prednisone (COP, 13.5%) and other (6.5%). Response to therapy was complete in 2%, partial in 48% and minor in 10%. Finally, 28% and 13% of patients presented stable and progressive disease, respectively, which was more common among patients treated with COP. Progression-free survival was 43% at 5 years, with three independent predictors for shorter progression-free survival (PFS): COP treatment, age > 65 and B symptoms at diagnosis. The 10-year projected overall survival (OS) was 55%. The two most frequent causes of death were development of second malignancies (31%), or infections (19%). The two main variables predicting a poor OS were hyperviscosity and high beta2M. In summary, this study favours the use of chlorambucil-based therapy as the standard treatment for WM, and describes a subset of patients who should be considered as suffering a smouldering form and who therefore do not require treatment for a long period of time.
PCR-Based Assay for Discrimination between Invasive and Contaminating Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains (2000)

The discrimination between Staphylococcus epidermidis strains that contaminate and infect blood cultures is a daily challenge for clinical laboratories. The results of PCR detection of putative virulence genes were compared for contaminating strains, sepsis-related strains, catheter strains, and saprophytic strains. Multiplex PCR was used to explore the atlE gene, which is involved in initial adherence, the intercellular adhesion gene cluster (ica), which mediates the formation of the biofilm, and the agrA, sarA, and mecA genes, which might contribute to the pathogenicity of S. epidermidis. Whereas the atlE, agrA, and sarA genes were almost ubiquitously amplified, the ica and mecA genes were detected significantly more in infecting strains than in contaminating strains (P </= 0.02) and thus appeared to be related to the potential virulence of S. epidermidis.
Synthesis of Native Proteins by Chemical Ligation (2000)

In just a few short years, the chemical ligation of unprotected peptide segments in aqueous solution has established itself as the most practical method for the total synthesis of native proteins. A wide range of proteins has been prepared. These synthetic molecules have led to the elucidation of gene function, to the discovery of novel biology, and to the determination of new three-dimensional protein structures by both NMR and X-ray crystallography. The facile access to novel analogs provided by chemical protein synthesis has led to original insights into the molecular basis of protein function in a number of systems. Chemical protein synthesis has also enabled the systematic development of proteins with enhanced potency and specificity as candidate therapeutic agents.
An Efficient Nonviral Method to Generate Integration-Free Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Cord Blood and Peripheral Blood Cells (2012)

The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides the opportunity to use patient-specific somatic cells, which are a valuable source for disease modeling and drug discovery. To promote research involving these cells, it is important to make iPSCs from easily accessible and less invasive tissues, like blood. We have recently reported the efficient generation of human iPSCs from adult fibroblasts using a combination of plasmids encoding OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, L-MYC, LIN28, and shRNA for TP53. We herein report a modified protocol enabling efficient iPSC induction from CD34+ cord blood cells and from peripheral blood isolated from healthy donors using these plasmid vectors. The original plasmid mixture could induce iPSCs; however, the efficiency was low. The addition of EBNA1, an essential factor for episomal amplification of the vectors, by an extra plasmid greatly increased the efficiency of iPSC induction, especially when the induction was performed from αβT cells. This improvement enabled the establishment of blood-derived iPSCs from seven healthy donors ranging in age from their 20s to their 60s. This induction method will be useful for the derivation of patient-specific integration-free iPSCs and would also be applicable to the generation of clinical-grade iPSCs in the future.
Functional origin of reflected pressure waves in a multibranched model of the human arterial system (1994)

The effects of wave travel and wave reflection were simulated in a mathematical model of the whole arterial tree consisting of 142 uniform transmission line segments. The arterial model was partitioned into three separate segments: upper limbs, trunk, and lower limbs. Aging was simulated by increasing average pulse wave velocities of these segments (10.9-12.9, 8.0-11.7, and 9.0-11.3 m/s for upper limbs, trunk, and lower limbs, respectively). Reflection coefficients at the terminal elements were altered to simulate vasodilation (0.0) and vasoconstriction (0.95). The impedance patterns and spatial distribution of pressure waveforms generated by the model simulating aging and vasoconstriction were similar to in vivo measurements by other investigators. Reflected pressure waves from each segment reached the ascending aorta and contributed differently to the late systolic peak on the aortic pressure wave. Aging does not alter the origin of these reflected pressure waves in the trunk. Aortic impedance and pressure wave changes induced by simulation of dilation of splanchnic bed were similar to those observed experimentally with nitroglycerin.
Cancer, thrombosis, and anticoagulants (2000)

Rapid progress has been made recently in our understanding of the pathogenesis of coagulation activation in malignancy and mechanisms by which the coagulation mechanism may control malignant growth. Idiopathic thromboembolic disease may be the sentinel presentation in patients subsequently diagnosed with malignancy. Thrombosis complicating the course of malignancy may be notoriously difficult to treat, but the introduction of the low-molecular-weight heparins has greatly improved management and may obviate the need for invasive approaches, such as the use of inferior vena cava filters, in many cases. Tantalizing clues from clinical trials of anticoagulant therapy in cancer have suggested that components of coagulation pathways may support tumor growth. Many of these can be intercepted using drugs that are well known and non-toxic. The importance of performing high-quality controlled clinical trials that build on past studies and on data from basic research cannot be overemphasized.
Robotics in minimally invasive surgery (1995)

Minimally Invasive Surgery is a relative term. Anything that can reduce the trauma of entry and access to the site of the procedure will be of great benefit. Robots have a considerable part to play in this. Because they can carry out precise motions along predetermined trajectories to achieve very accurate positions, the entry wound can be made minimal. Robots can also accurately carry out repetitive motions and do not require good vision to avoid getting `lost&apos; inside a cavity. All these aspects give robots a considerable potential in minimally invasive surgery. The term robot in this regard is generally used loosely to include not only externally powered reprogrammable manipulating devices but also computer assisted devices. The latter may be passive arms, held by the surgeon, which are used to point at targets displayed on a computer screen. They may also include sensors attached to tools to keep track of the tool relative to a target. (2 pages)
The Ultrastructure of Pancreatic Tissue from Duct-Ligated Rats Implanted into Anterior Chamber of Rat Eyes (1972)

Pancreatic tissue from rats with ligated pancreatic ducts was implanted into the anterior chamber of the eyes of diabetic and non-diabetic rats, and the ultrastructure of the implants studied afterwards at inervals ranging from 15 min to 4 weeks. During the first, avascular, stage, lasting for 2 days at most, serious damage to a number of the islet cells was noted. During the next, revascularization stage, the ultrastructure, especially in the 2–4-week-old implants, pointed to recovery and/or regeneration of islet cells; on the whole, both the β and α cells in the implants from the non-diabetic hosts showed a normal ultrastructure at this time, whereas in the implants from the diabetic hosts the β cells showed signs of heightened activity. The cells in the excretory ducts showed largely the same changes with the passage of time as the islet cells, but to a less pronounced degree. The ultrastructure of the duct cells at the end of a few weeks exhibited greater signs of activity in the implants from the diabetic hosts than did the duct cells in the implants from the non-diabeic hosts.
Cannabinoids and the skeleton: From marijuana to reversal of bone loss (2009)

The active component of marijuana, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, thus mimicking the action of endogenous cannabinoids. CB1 is predominantly neuronal and mediates the cannabinoid psychotropic effects. CB2 is predominantly expressed in peripheral tissues, mainly in pathological conditions. So far the main endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, have been found in bone at 'brain' levels. The CB1 receptor is present mainly in skeletal sympathetic nerve terminals, thus regulating the adrenergic tonic restrain of bone formation. CB2 is expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, stimulates bone formation, and inhibits bone resorption. Because low bone mass is the only spontaneous phenotype so far reported in CB2 mutant mice, it appears that the main physiologic involvement of CB2 is associated with maintaining bone remodeling at balance, thus protecting the skeleton against age-related bone loss. Indeed, in humans, polymorphisms in CNR2, the gene encoding CB2, are strongly associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Preclinical studies have shown that a synthetic CB2-specific agonist rescues ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Taken together, the reports on cannabinoid receptors in mice and humans pave the way for the development of 1) diagnostic measures to identify osteoporosis-susceptible polymorphisms in CNR2, and 2) cannabinoid drugs to combat osteoporosis.
PEKING TO ICHANG (2012)

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Circulating DNA in Plasma and Serum: Biology, Preanalytical Issues and Diagnostic Applications (2002)

The recent studies in circulating nucleic acids have brought about a new dimension to medical diagnostics. In oncology, various tumor-associated molecular alterations have been detected in the plasma/serum of cancer patients. These findings have important implications for the diagnosis, prognostication and monitoring of many types of malignancies. In pregnancy, the discovery of fetal DNA in maternal circulation has opened up a new source of fetal genetic material for noninvasive analysis for numerous fetal conditions and detection of certain pregnancy-associated disorders. The measurement of circulating DNA has also found potential application in the post-treatment monitoring of transplant patients and the assessment and prognostication of trauma patients. Although much attention has focused on circulating DNA, the knowledge of its biology is still at an early stage. For example, the origin and mechanisms of release of circulating DNA remain to be elucidated. The eventual clinical application of circulating DNA technology would also require the thorough elucidation of preanalytical factors that may affect its measurement in clinical laboratories.