gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary structure of a novel ABC transporter with a chromosomal localization on the band encoding the multidrug resistance‐associated protein (1996)

Complementary DNA clones encoding a novel protein, ABC-C, with the typical structural features of the ABC transporter family were identified in a human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line. The transporter consists of 1704 amino acid residues with two homologous repeats, each harboring six putative transmembrane helices and an ATP-binding cassette motif. The mRNA is expressed highest in normal lung, but also in varying amounts in other tissues and in C-cell carcinoma. The ABC-C gene is mapped on chromosome 16p13.3, in close physical proximity to another ABC transporter, the multidrug resistance-associated protein. This related protein is assumed to confer resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in small cell lung carcinoma. The genomic clustering of both transporters, typical also for other members of the ABC family, supports the notion that ABC-C may be involved in development of resistance to xenobiotics.
Probing the Agonist Domain of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor by Cysteine Scanning Mutagenesis Reveals Residues in Proximity to the α-Bungarotoxin Binding Site (1999)

We have constructed a series of cysteine-substitution mutants in order to identify residues in the mouse muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) that are involved in alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Bgtx) binding. Following transient expression in HEK 293-derived TSA-201 cells, covalent modification of the introduced cysteines with thiol-specific reagents reveals that alpha subunit residues W187, V188, F189, Y190, and P194 are solvent accessible and are in a position to contribute to the alpha-Bgtx binding site in native receptors. These results with the intact receptor are consistent with NMR studies of an alpha-Bgtx/receptor-dodecapeptide complex [Basus, V., Song., G., and Hawrot, E. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 12290-12298]. We pursued a more detailed analysis of the F189C mutant as this site varies substantially between AChRs that bind Bgtx and certain neuronal AChRs that do not. Treatment of intact cells expressing F189C with either bromoacetylcholine (BrACh) or [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methane-thiosulfonate (MTSET), both methylammonium-containing thiol-modifying reagents with agonist properties, results in a marked decrease ( approximately 55-70%) in the number of alpha-Bgtx binding sites, as measured under saturating conditions. The decrease in sites appears to affect both alpha/gamma and alpha/delta sites to the same extent, as shown for alphaW187C and alphaF189C which were the two mutants examined on this issue. In contrast to the results obtained with MTSET and BrACh, modification with reagents that lack the alkylammonium entity, such as methylmethanethiosulfonate (MMTS), the negatively charged 2-sulfonatoethyl methane-thiosulfonate (MTSES), or the positively charged aminoethyl methylthiosulfonate (MTSEA), has little or no effect on the maximal binding of alpha-Bgtx to the alphaW187C, alphaV188C, or alphaF189C mutant receptors. The striking alkylammonium dependency suggests that an interaction of the tethered modifying group with the negative subsite within the agonist binding domain is primarily responsible for the observed blockade of toxin binding.
Topical application of RTA 408 lotion activates Nrf2 in human skin and is well-tolerated by healthy human volunteers (2015)

Overall, these data suggest RTA 408 Lotion is well-tolerated, activates Nrf2 in human skin, and appears suitable for continued clinical development.
genenames.org: the HGNC resources in 2011 (2010)

The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) aims to assign a unique gene symbol and name to every human gene. The HGNC database currently contains almost 30 000 approved gene symbols, over 19 000 of which represent protein-coding genes. The public website, www.genenames.org, displays all approved nomenclature within Symbol Reports that contain data curated by HGNC editors and links to related genomic, phenotypic and proteomic information. Here we describe improvements to our resources, including a new Quick Gene Search, a new List Search, an integrated HGNC BioMart and a new Statistics and Downloads facility.
Repressible extracellular phosphodiesterases showing cyclic 2',3'- and cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities in Neurospora crassa (1983)

Two molecular species of repressible extracellular phosphodiesterases showing cyclic 2',3'- and cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities were detected in mycelial culture media of wild-type Neurospora crassa and purified. The two molecular species were found to be monomeric and polymeric forms of an enzyme constituted of identical subunits having molecular weights of 50,000. This enzyme had the same electrophoretic mobility as repressible acid phosphatase. The enzyme designated repressible cyclic phosphodiesterase showed pH optima of 3.2 to 4.0 with a cyclic 3',5'-AMP substrate and 5.0 to 5.6 with a cyclic 2',3'-AMP substrate. Repressible cyclic phosphodiesterase was activated by MnCl2 and CoCl2 with cyclic 2',3'-AMP as substrate and was slightly activated by MnCl2 with cyclic 3',5'-AMP. The enzyme hydrolyzed cyclic 3',5'- and cyclic 2',3'-nucleotides, in addition to bis-rho-nitrophenyl phosphate, but not certain 5' -and 3'-nucleotides. 3'-GMP and 3'-CMP were hydrolyzed less efficiently. Mutant strains A1 (nuc-1) and B1 (nuc-2), which cannot utilize RNA or DNA as a sole source of phosphorus, were unable to produce repressible cyclic phosphodiesterase. The wild type (74A) and a heterocaryon between strains A1 and B1 produced the enzyme and showed growth on orthophosphate-free media containing cyclic 2',3'-AMP or cyclic 3',5'-AMP, whereas both mutants showed little or no growth on these media.
Molecular cloning and expression of subunit 12: a non‐MCP and non‐ATPase subunit of the 26 S protease (1995)

A cDNA encoding subunit 12 (S12) of human erythrocyte 26 S protease has been isolated, sequenced and expressed. The cDNA contains an open reading frame that encodes a 36.6 kDA protein 96% identical to mouse Mov-34 and 67% identical to its Drosophila melanogaster homolog. Based on the high degree of sequence identity between human S12, mouse and Drosophila Mov-34 proteins, we conclude that the Mov-34 gene product is a component of the 26 S protease. Antibodies produced against two S12 fragments, Met1-Tyr95 (S12f95) and Met1-Leu205 (S12f205), react with S12 transferred to nitrocellulose from SDS-PAGE. In contrast, after transfer from native gels, the epitope(s) recognized by anti-S12f205 is exposed in the regulatory complex but appears to be masked when the regulatory complex associates with the multicatalytic protease.
The Sequence and Expression of the γ-VPE Gene, One Member of a Family of Three Genes for Vacuolar Processing Enzymes in <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic> (1995)

Vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) are responsible for the maturation of seed proteins. Southern blot analysis showed that a family of genes for VPEs in Arabidopsis thaliana was composed of three genes, for alpha-VPE, beta-VPE and gamma-VPE, respectively. The gene for gamma-VPE was isolated from a genomic library. It was composed of nine exons and eight introns. The positions of the introns were fully conserved among the three genes, with the exception that the alpha-VPE gene was missing the fifth intron found in the beta-VPE and gamma-VPE genes. The predicted gamma-VPE protein was 80% and 57% identical in terms of amino acid sequence to the alpha-VPE protein and beta-VPE protein, respectively. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the gamma-VPE gene was expressed predominantly in the stems, with a lower level of expression in rosette and cauline leaves. However, the expression was not detected in roots, flowers plus buds, or green siliques, in contrast to the high-level expression of the beta-VPE gene in the flowers plus buds. Thus, gamma-VPE seems to be an isoform that is specific to vegetative organs. Members of the VPE family can be separated into two subfamilies, one that is specific to seeds and another that is specific to vegetative organs, such as leaves and stems. The members of the seed subfamily might function in the protein-storage vacuoles of seeds, while those of the vegetable subfamily might function in the lytic vacuoles of non-storage organs.
Regulation of Peroxiredoxin I Activity by Cdc2-mediated Phosphorylation (2002)

Hydrogen peroxide is implicated as an intracellular messenger in various cellular responses such as proliferation and differentiation. Peroxiredoxin (Prx) I is a member of the peroxiredoxin family of peroxidases and contains a consensus site (Thr(90)-Pro-Lys-Lys) for phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). This protein has now been shown to be phosphorylated specifically on Thr(90) by several CDKs, including Cdc2, in vitro. Phosphorylation of Prx I on Thr(90) reduced the peroxidase activity of this protein by 80%. The phosphorylation of Prx I in HeLa cells was monitored with the use of antibodies specific for Prx I phosphorylated on Thr(90). Immunoblot analysis with these antibodies of HeLa cells arrested at various stages of the cell cycle revealed that Prx I phosphorylation occurs in parallel with the activation of Cdc2; Prx I phosphorylation was thus marked during mitosis but virtually undetectable during interphase. Furthermore, when Cdc2 expression was reduced by RNA interference with cognate small interfering RNAs, Prx I phosphorylation was not observed in the cells synchronized in mitotic phase. The cytosolic location of Prx I likely prevents its interaction with activated CDKs until after the breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitosis, when Cdc2 is the CDK that is most active. Phosphorylation of Prx I on Thr(90) both in vitro and in vivo was blocked by roscovitine, an inhibitor of CDKs. These results suggest that Cdc2-mediated phosphorylation and inactivation of Prx I and the resulting intracellular accumulation of H(2)O(2) might be important for progression of the cell cycle.
Specific p53 mutations detected in plasma and tumors of hepatocellular carcinoma patients by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. (2001)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common cause of cancer deaths worldwide, has several major etiological risk factors, including infection with the hepatitis viruses and exposure to aflatoxin B1. A specific missense mutation resulting from a guanine to thymine transversion at the third position of codon 249 in the p53 tumor suppressor gene has been reported in 10-70% of HCCs from areas of high dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1. Short oligonucleotide mass analysis was compared with DNA sequencing in 25 HCC samples for specific p53 mutations. Mutations were detected in 10 samples by short oligonucleotide mass analysis in agreement with DNA sequencing. Analysis of another 20 plasma and tumor pairs showed 11 tumors containing the specific mutation, and this change was detected in six of the paired plasma samples. Four of the plasma samples had detectable levels of the mutation; however, the tumors were negative, suggesting possible multiple independent HCCs. Ten plasma samples from healthy individuals were all negative. This molecular diagnostic technique has implications for prevention trials and for the early diagnosis of HCC.
Thermodynamic Aspects of Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction in Acetonitrile and with an Ionic Liquid as Solvent or Electrolyte (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTThermodynamic Aspects of Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction in Acetonitrile and with an Ionic Liquid as Solvent or ElectrolyteYasuo Matsubara*†, David C. Grills*‡, and Yutaka Kuwahara§View Author Information† Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan‡ Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States§ Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan*E-mail: [email protected] (Y.M.).*E-mail: [email protected] (D.C.G.).Cite this: ACS Catal. 2015, 5, 11, 6440–6452Publication Date (Web):September 17, 2015Publication History Received27 March 2015Published online1 October 2015Published inissue 6 November 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscatal.5b00656https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b00656editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views12138Altmetric-Citations159LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cations,Electrodes,Imidazolium,Redox reactions,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts
A comparison of state-of-the-art efficiency enhancement techniques of fully integrated CMOS power amplifiers for handset LTE applications (2013)

Among the significant remaining challenges of complete transceiver integration for handset applications is the implementation of high-efficiency power amplifiers (PA) in CMOS. This challenge is exacerbated by the high crest factors of the signals utilized in WCDMA and LTE standards. The first aim of this paper is to identify the shortcomings of the traditional efficiency enhancement techniques in dealing with LTE in CMOS. In addition, an investigation of state-of-the-art implemented efficiency enhancement methods is performed. Moreover, a comparative overview of the aforementioned techniques is presented to provide guidelines for high-efficiency CMOS LTE PA. This is accomplished while identifying the bottlenecks for the future LTE upgrades. Finally, the performances of the investigated techniques for CMOS are compared with other technologies to assay the commercial suitability of CMOS PA for LTE.
Activation of Calcineurin A Subunit Phosphatase Activity by Its Calcium-Binding B Subunit (1996)

The protein phosphatase activity of calcineurin (CaN) is activated through calcium binding to both calmodulin and the B subunit of CaN. The purpose of this study was to determine which domain(s) in the CaN B subunit is required for either binding to the CaN A subunit or for transducing the effects of B subunit Ca2+ binding to the stimulation of the CaN A subunit phosphatase activity. We have previously demonstrated that interaction of CaN B regulatory subunit with the CaN A catalytic subunit requires hydrophobic residues within the CaN A sequence 328-390 [Watanabe Y., Perrino, B.A., Chang, B.H., & Soderling, T.R. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 456-460]. In the present study, selected hydrophobic residues within the B subunit were mutated to Glu to Gln. CaN B subunit mutants BE-1 (Val115/Leu116 to Glu), BE-2 (Val156/157/168/169 to Glu), and BQ-2 (Val156/157/168/169 to Gln) were expressed and purified. The three mutant B subunits bound 45Ca2+ normally. Mutants BE-2 and BQ-2 interacted with a GST fusion protein containing the B subunit binding domain of the CaN A subunit (residues 328-390), and they stimulated the phosphatase activity of the CaN A subunit in an in vitro reconstitution assay. Mutant BE-1 had a 3-fold reduced affinity for binding CaN A, and this mutant, even at saturating concentrations, gave very little stimulation of CaN A phosphatase activity. We conclude that residues Val115/Leu116 in the B subunit participate in high-affinity binding to the A subunit and are required for transducing the effects [i.e., decrease Km and increase Vmax; Perrino, B.A., Ng, L.Y., & Soderling, T.R. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 340-346] of B subunit Ca2+ binding to stimulation of CaN A phosphatase activity.
A Network Control System for Television Distribution by Satellite (1975)

The Canadian Broadcasting Corp. (CBC) utilizes the Canadian Domestic Satellite System to distribute three television channels throughout Canada via ANIK-1, the world's first synchronous-orbit domestic satellite, and a network of 33 earth stations. A Network Control System has been developed to provide the CBC with centralized remote control over the routing of channels to specific areas of the country or the accessing of satellite channels by different transmitting stations. With dual identical control centers — in Toronto (English Network) and Montreal (French Network) — either control center is able to control any earth station in the network to feed regions or specific locations with the desired channel, to control the audio/video output feeds to given regions or communities at the beginning and end of the broadcast day (or to blank out commercial messages), and to control the origination point of the program for any given satellite channel by turning transmitters on and off.
Regulation and Function of the Interleukin 13 Receptor α 2 During a T Helper Cell Type 2–dominant Immune Response (2003)

Highly polarized type 2 cytokine responses can be harmful and even lethal to the host if they are too vigorous or persist too long. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms that down-regulate these reactions. Interleukin (IL)-13 has emerged as a central mediator of T helper cell (Th)2-dominant immune responses, exhibiting a diverse array of functional activities including regulation of airway hyperreactivity, resistance to nematode parasites, and tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Here, we show that IL-13 receptor (R)alpha2 is a critical down-regulatory factor of IL-13-mediated tissue fibrosis induced by the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni. IL-13Ralpha2 expression was induced after the onset of the fibrotic response, IL-10, IL-13, and Stat6 dependent, and inhibited by the Th1-inducing adjuvant IL-12. Strikingly, schistosome-infected C57BL/6 and BALB/c IL-13Ralpha2-deficient mice showed a marked exacerbation in hepatic fibrosis, despite displaying no change in granuloma size, tissue eosinophilia, or mastocytosis. Fibrosis increased despite the fact that IL-13 levels decreased significantly in the liver and serum. Importantly, pathology was prevented when IL-13Ralpha2-deficient mice were treated with a soluble IL-13Ralpha2-Fc construct, formally demonstrating that their exacerbated fibrotic response was due to heightened IL-13 activity. Together, these studies illustrate the central role played by the IL-13Ralpha2 in the down-regulation of a chronic and pathogenic Th2-mediated immune response.
Angiopoietin-1 and -2 Coiled Coil Domains Mediate Distinct Homo-oligomerization Patterns, but Fibrinogen-like Domains Mediate Ligand Activity (1999)

Activity of endothelial Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase is modulated by two naturally occurring, secreted ligands, angiopoietin-1 and -2, which have opposing effects on its phosphorylation. Receptor tyrosine kinase activation requires receptor dimerization/multimerization, which, for many receptors, is mediated by homo-oligomeric ligands binding to and bridging receptor molecules. We show here that angiopoietin-1 and -2 form distinct arrays of disulfide-linked homo-oligomeric complexes. Their mobilities on nonreducing gels suggest that angiopoietin-2 exists predominantly as a homodimer but also forms higher order multimers. In contrast, angiopoietin-1 forms some homotrimers, but predominantly exists in higher order multimers. These two structurally related, 60% homologous ligands are predominantly composed of an amino-terminal coiled coil domain and a carboxyl-terminal fibrinogen-like domain. We show that their distinct oligomerization patterns are determined by their coiled coil domains and, furthermore, that their coiled coil domains, but not their fibrinogen-like domains, are sufficient to mediate formation of disulfide-linked homo-oligomers. In contrast, the differential effects of these ligands on endothelial Tie2 phosphorylation is mediated by their fibrinogen-like domains. We conclude from these studies that the coiled coil and fibrinogen-like domains of the angiopoietins have distinct functions with the coiled coil domain mediating ligand homo-oligomerization and the fibrinogen-like domain mediating ligand activity.
Minutiae-based Fingerprint Extraction and Recognition (2011)

In our electronically inter-connected society, reliable and user-friendly recognition and verification system is essential in many sectors of our life. The person’s physiological or behavioral characteristics, known as biometrics, are important and vital methods that can be used for identification and verification. Fingerprint recognition is one of the most popular biometric techniques used in automatic personal identification and verification. Many researchers have addressed the fingerprint classification problem and many approaches to automatic fingerprint classification have been presented in the literature; nevertheless, the research on this topic is still very active. Although significant progress has been made in designing automatic fingerprint identification systems over the past two decades, a number of design factors (lack of reliable minutia extraction algorithms, difficulty in quantitatively defining a reliable match between fingerprint images, poor image acquisition, low contrast images, the difficulty of reading the fingerprint for manual workers, etc.) create bottlenecks in achieving the desired performance. Nowadays, investigating the influence of the fingerprint quality on recognition performances also gains more and more attention. A fingerprint is the pattern of ridges and valleys on the surface of a fingertip. Each individual has unique fingerprints. Most fingerprint matching systems are based on four types of fingerprint representation schemes (Fig. 1): grayscale image (Bazen et al., 2000), phase image (Thebaud, 1999), skeleton image (Feng, 2006; Hara & Toyama, 2007), and minutiae (Ratha et al., 2000; Bazen & Gerez, 2003). Due to its distinctiveness, compactness, and compatibility with features used by human fingerprint experts, minutiae-based representation has become the most widely adopted fingerprint representation scheme. The uniqueness of a fingerprint is exclusively determined by the local ridge characteristics and their relationships. The ridges and valleys in a fingerprint alternate, flowing in a local constant direction. The two most prominent local ridge characteristics are: 1) ridge ending and, 2) ridge bifurcation. A ridge ending is defined as the point where a ridge ends abruptly. A ridge bifurcation is defined as the point where a ridge forks or diverges into branch ridges. Collectively, these features are called minutiae. Detailed description of fingerprint minutiae will be given in the next section. The widespread deployment of fingerprint recognition systems in various applications has caused concerns that compromised fingerprint templates may be used to make fake fingers, which could then be used to deceive all fingerprint systems the same person is enrolled in.
Rotational Atherectomy Does Not Reduce Recurrent In-Stent Restenosis (2002)

In terms of the primary objective of the study, PTCA produced a significantly better long-term outcome than ROTA followed by adjunctive low-pressure PTCA.