gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of three‐dimensional finite element‐based deformable registration of pre‐ and intraoperative prostate imaging (2001)

In this report we evaluate an image registration technique that can improve the information content of intraoperative image data by deformable matching of preoperative images. In this study, pretreatment 1.5 tesla (T) magnetic resonance (MR) images of the prostate are registered with 0.5 T intraoperative images. The method involves rigid and nonrigid registration using biomechanical finite element modeling. Preoperative 1.5 T MR imaging is conducted with the patient supine, using an endorectal coil, while intraoperatively, the patient is in the lithotomy position with a rectal obturator in place. We have previously observed that these changes in patient position and rectal filling produce a shape change in the prostate. The registration of 1.5 T preoperative images depicting the prostate substructure [namely central gland (CG) and peripheral zone (PZ)] to 0.5 T intraoperative MR images using this method can facilitate the segmentation of the substructure of the gland for radiation treatment planning. After creating and validating a dataset of manually segmented glands from images obtained in ten sequential MR-guided brachytherapy cases, we conducted a set of experiments to assess our hypothesis that the proposed registration system can significantly improve the quality of matching of the total gland (TG), CG, and PZ. The results showed that the method statistically-significantly improves the quality of match (compared to rigid registration), raising the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) from prematched coefficients of 0.81, 0.78, and 0.59 for TG, CG, and PZ, respectively, to 0.94, 0.86, and 0.76. A point-based measure of registration agreement was also improved by the deformable registration. CG and PZ volumes are not changed by the registration, indicating that the method maintains the biomechanical topology of the prostate. Although this strategy was tested for MRI-guided brachytherapy, the preliminary results from these experiments suggest that it may be applied to other settings such as transrectal ultrasound-guided therapy, where the integration of preoperative MRI may have a significant impact upon treatment planning and guidance.
Asymmetric Aldol Additions with Titanium Enolates of Acyloxazolidinethiones:  Dependence of Selectivity on Amine Base and Lewis Acid Stoichiometry (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAsymmetric Aldol Additions with Titanium Enolates of Acyloxazolidinethiones: Dependence of Selectivity on Amine Base and Lewis Acid StoichiometryMichael T. Crimmins, Bryan W. King, and Elie A. TabetView Author Information Venable and Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 33, 7883–7884Publication Date (Web):August 20, 1997Publication History Received22 May 1997Published online20 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9716721https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9716721rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7581Altmetric-Citations200LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Anions,Enolates,Selectivity,Titanium Get e-Alerts
‘Unstirred layers’ in frog skin (1966)

1. Estimates of the magnitudes of the unstirred regions associated with isolated frog skin in sulphate Ringer's solution have been made under different stirring conditions.2. The method of investigation was an analysis of the time course of the p.d. transients which occurred when external sodium concentration and internal potassium concentration changes were made in the bathing solution.3. Making an arbitrary but reasonable assumption about the diffusional coefficient of Na(2)SO(4) in the outer unstirred region, the magnitudes of the outer unstirred layers were found to lie within the ranges 40-60 mu, 30-50 mu and 30-40 mu under stirring conditions of 120, 300 and 500 rev/min, respectively.4. Making an arbitrary but reasonable assumption about the diffusion coefficient of K(2)SO(4) in the inner unstirred region, the magnitudes of the inner unstirred layers were found to lie within the ranges 150-230 mu, 120-200 mu and 100-170 mu under stirring conditions of 120, 300 and 500 rev/min, respectively.
Evidence for a vascular factor in migraine (2010)

These data show that migraine without aura is associated with dilatation of extra- and intracerebral arteries and that the headache location is associated with the location of the vasodilatation. Furthermore, contraction of extracerebral and not intracerebral arteries is associated with amelioration of headache. Collectively, these data suggest that vasodilatation and perivascular release of vasoactive substances is an integral mechanism of migraine pathophysiology.
Quantifying Onion Flavor Compounds Responding to Sulfur Fertility-Sulfur Increases Levels of Alk(en)yl Cysteine Sulfoxides and Biosynthetic Intermediates (1995)

Three onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars were grown to maturity at five S fertility levels and analyzed for S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (ACSO) flavor precursors, γ-glutamyl peptide (γ-GP) intermediates, bulb S, pyruvic acid, and soluble solids content. ACSO concentration and composition changed with S fertility, and the response was cultivar dependent. At S treatments that induced S deficiency symptoms during active bulbing, (+)S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide was the dominant flavor precursor, and the flavor pathway was a strong sink for available S. As S fertility increased to luxuriant levels, trans(+)-S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide (PRENCSO) became the dominant ACSO. (+)S-propyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide was found in low concentration relative to total ACSO at all S fertility treatments. With low S fertility, S rapidly was metabolized and low γ-GP concentrations were detected. As S fertility increased, γ-GP increased, especially γ-L-glutamyl-S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide, the penultimate compound leading to ACSO synthesis. Nearly 95% of the total bulb S could be accounted for in the measured S compounds at low S fertility. However, at the highest S treatment, only 40 % of the total bulb S could be attributed to the ACSO and γ-GP, indicating that other S compounds were significant S reservoirs in onions. Concentrations of enzymatically produced pyruvic acid (EPY) were most closely related to PRENCSO concentrations. Understanding the dynamics of flavor accumulation in onion and other vegetable Alliums will become increasing important as the food and phytomedicinal industries move toward greater product standardization and characterization.
A new human experimental pain model (1999)

The heat/capsaicin sensitization model is a new human experimental pain model that synergistically combines non-invasive physical and chemical methods of nociceptor stimulation to produce stable and long-lasting hyperalgesia with a low potential for skin injury. In 10 healthy volunteers the forearm was stimulated with a 45 degrees C thermode for 5 min to produce an area of secondary hyperalgesia. Applying capsaicin cream for 30 min further expanded the area of secondary hyperalgesia. Periodically heating the treated skin with a previously non-painful temperature of 40 degrees C re-kindled the sensitization enough to maintain stable areas of secondary hyperalgesia for 4h. The evoked pain was moderate and well tolerated. The heat/capsaicin sensitization model should be well suited for studying pain mechanisms and testing new analgesics.
Antisense L/D-Oligodeoxynucleotide Chimeras: Nuclease Stability, Base-Pairing Properties, and Activity at Directing Ribonuclease H (1994)

Ultraviolet thermal denaturation studies substantiate our earlier hypothesis that substitution of a L-nucleotide residue for a D-nucleotide within a DNA duplex permits a stable structure in which all bases are paired through Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds (Damha, M. J., Giannaris, P. A., Marfey, P., & Reid, L. S. (1991) Tetrahedron Lett. 32, 2573-2576). This conclusion is also evident from the NMR work of Blommers et al. [Blommers, M. J. J., et al. (1994) Biochemistry (following paper in this issue)]. Our thermal denaturation studies indicate that, while weakening the interaction with target DNA and RNA, these substitutions allow for excellent cooperative binding. When the target is single-stranded DNA, the melting temperature of the complex is lowered by 4-5 degrees C per L-dU incorporation and by 0.4-2.6 degrees C when an internal D-dC is replaced by L-dC (1 M NaCl). When the target is RNA, the depression of Tm is also greater for L-dU substitutions (5-8 degrees C) than for L-dC substitutions (2-4 degrees C). The depressions of Tm caused by introducing A/C and G/T mismatches at the same positions were significantly greater. L/D-DNA chimeras were found to activate RNase H cleavage when hybridized to RNA. Furthermore, the stability of chimeric L/D-DNA against degradation by various commercial phosphodiesterases was found to be significant, as was their stability against digestion in human serum. These experiments establish that L/D-DNA chimeras serve as excellent models of antisense oligonucleotides.
A journey through the life of an IN service in a commercial IN system (2002)

There have been lots of speeches about service creation and service management at various conferences during the last couple of years-but the more we talk about it, the more complex this subject seems to get. Where the first talks were mostly restricted to pure creation of the service logic itself, the latest speeches tackle more and more the different aspects to be considered when you actually want to implement your new service in a live environment, e.g. integration and service provisioning aspects. The article looks at the entire life cycle of an intelligent network (IN) service from the idea of a new service via the verification and realisation of this service idea until final operation of the service in a commercial IN system i.e. in a 'live' network. The article reflects Siemens' and Siemens Nixdorf's experience in developing and implementing services for various customers worldwide, tackling the various stages of the service implementation and service operation to be considered. In a time of ongoing deregulation and the merging of computer and telecommunication technologies network operators find themselves confronted with a more and more competitive environment. The players have to secure their market shares by offering new value adding services based on their customers' needs.
Challenges in Nasal Drug absorption: How Far have We come? (2016)

The nasal route is commonly used for local delivery of drugs to treat inflammatory conditions. It is also an attractive route for systemic delivery of some drugs. Irrespective of intended use, administered drugs must permeate the epithelial or olfactory membrane to be effective. The enthusiasm for potential use of the nasal route for systemic drug delivery has not been met by comparable success. In this paper, the anatomical and physiological attributes of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses important for drug delivery and challenges limiting drug absorption are discussed. Efforts made so far in improving nasal drug absorption such as overcoming restrictive nasal geometry and paranasal sinuses accessibility, mucociliary clearance, absorption barriers, metabolism and drug physicochemical challenges are discussed. Highlights on future prospects of nasal drug delivery/absorption were discussed.
Genetic Association with Response to Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Han Chinese Population (2013)

HTRA1 gene polymorphism may influence patient response to treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab for neovascular AMD.
The dynamic behavior of a data dissemination protocol for network programming at scale (2004)

To support network programming, we present Deluge, a reliable data dissemination protocol for propagating large data objects from one or more source nodes to many other nodes over a multihop, wireless sensor network. Deluge builds from prior work in density-aware, epidemic maintenance protocols. Using both a real-world deployment and simulation, we show that Deluge can reliably disseminate data to all nodes and characterize its overall performance. On Mica2-dot nodes, Deluge can push nearly 90 bytes/second, one-ninth the maximum transmission rate of the radio supported under TinyOS. Control messages are limited to 18% of all transmissions. At scale, the protocol exposes interesting propagation dynamics only hinted at by previous dissemination work. A simple model is also derived which describes the limits of data propagation in wireless networks. Finally, we argue that the rates obtained for dissemination are inherently lower than that for single path propagation. It appears very hard to significantly improve upon the rate obtained by Deluge and we identify establishing a tight lower bound as an open problem.
Mining Appearance Models Directly From Compressed Video (2008)

In this paper, we propose an approach for learning appearance models of moving objects directly from compressed video. The appearance of a moving object changes dynamically in video due to varying object poses, lighting conditions, and partial occlusions. Efficiently mining the appearance models of objects is a crucial and challenging technology to support content-based video coding, clustering, indexing, and retrieval at the object level. The proposed approach learns the appearance models of moving objects in the spatial-temporal dimension of video data by taking advantage of the MPEG video compression format. It detects a moving object and recovers the trajectory of each macroblock covered by the object using the motion vector present in the compressed stream. The appearances are then reconstructed in the DCT domain along the object's trajectory, and modeled as a mixture of Gaussians (MoG) using DCT coefficients. We prove that, under certain assumptions, the MoG model learned from the DCT domain can achieve pixel-level accuracy when transformed back to the spatial domain, and has a better band-selectivity compared to the MoG model learned in the spatial domain. We finally cluster the MoG models to merge the appearance models of the same object together for object-level content analysis.
Fluorescent DNA Nanotags Featuring Covalently Attached Intercalating Dyes: Synthesis, Antibody Conjugation, and Intracellular Imaging (2011)

We have synthesized fluorescent DNA duplexes featuring multiple thiazole orange (TO) intercalating dyes covalently attached to the DNA via a triazole linkage. The intercalating dyes stabilize the duplex against thermal denaturation and show bright fluorescence in the green region of the spectrum. The emission color can be changed to orange or red by addition of energy-accepting Cy3 or Cy5 dyes attached covalently to the DNA duplex. The dye-modified DNA duplexes were then attached to a secondary antibody for intracellular fluorescence imaging of centrosomes in Drosophila embryos. Bright fluorescent foci were observed at the centrosomes in both the donor (TO) and acceptor (Cy5) channels, because the energy transfer efficiency is moderate. Monitoring the Cy5 emission channel significantly minimized the background signal because of the large shift in emission wavelength allowed by energy transfer.
Plasma epigenetic markers for cancer detection and prenatal diagnosis (2006)

Successful detection of circulating nucleic acids has opened up new possibilities in cancer testing and prenatal diagnosis. Circulating DNA markers are useful in cancer detection, prognostication and monitoring. Cancer-associated molecular changes which can be detected include gene mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, microsatellite alterations, viral sequences, and, to be discussed in more detailed, gene promoter hypermethylation. Methylation analysis is commonly performed by DNA digestion with methylation-sensitive restriction endonucleases followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or bisulfite modification followed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The detection of fetal DNA in maternal plasma has opened up new possibilities for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. However, circulating fetal DNA detection has been based on exploiting gender and polymorphic differences between the fetus and mother. The recent discovery of epigenetic differences between the maternal and the fetal DNA detectable in maternal plasma has launched a hunt for fetal-derived epigenetic markers in maternal plasma. It is hoped that this type of universally applicable markers would be made available in a clinical diagnostic setting in the near future.
Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene and bone mass, bone turnover and osteoporotic fractures (2000)

Background Vitamin D is essential for normal bone metabolism. Polymorphisms in exon 2, intron 8 and exon 9 of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have previously been found to be associated with bone mass and bone turnover. Materials and methods We examined the effect of these polymorphisms, separately and in combination, on bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover, and the prevalence of osteoporotic fractures in 192 osteoporotic patients and 207 normal controls. The four polymorphisms were determined by RFLP using Fok I (T 2 ‐C), Bsm I (intron 8), Apa I (intron 8) and Taq I (T 1055 ‐C) after PCR. Results We did not find any association between the Fok I polymorphism and bone mass, bone turnover or prevalence of osteoporotic fractures. We found that BB + Bb‐genotypes were more frequent in patients with osteoporotic fractures (χ 2 = 3.50, P = 0.06). Furthermore, BMD of the intertrochanteric region ( P &lt; 0.0001, anova ) as well as the total hip ( P &lt; 0.01, anova ) were higher in individuals with the bb‐genotype. The Apa I and the Taq I polymorphisms were not distributed differently among osteoporotic patients and normal controls. Apa I was not associated with differences in BMD. BMD of the intertrochanteric region was higher in individuals with the TT‐genotype compared with individuals with the Tt‐ or tt‐genotypes ( P &lt; 0.01, anova ), while no differences could be demonstrated in BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter or Wards triangle. Combining the genotypes generally reflected the differences caused by the Bsm I polymorphism. Conclusion We have found that the B‐allele of the Bsm I polymorphism in the 3′ untranslated region of the VDR was associated with low BMD at the hip, and tended to be associated with osteoporotic fractures. The translation initiation polymorphism in the VDR does not affect BMD and is not associated with osteoporotic fractures in men or women.
Stable expression of transdominant Rev protein in human T cells inhibits human immunodeficiency virus replication. (1992)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Rev protein is essential for viral structural protein expression (Gag, Pol, and Env) and, hence, for viral replication. In transient transfection assays, mutant forms of Rev have been identified that inhibit wild-type Rev activity and therefore suppress viral replication. To determine whether such transdominant Rev proteins could provide long-term protection against HIV infection without affecting T cell function, T leukemia cell lines were stably transduced with a retroviral vector encoding a transdominant mutant of the Rev protein, M10. While all the M10-expressing cell lines remained infectable by HIV-1, these same cells failed to support a productive replication cycle when infected with a cloned isolate of HIV-1. In addition, two out of three M10-expressing CEM clones were also resistant to highly productive infection by a heterogeneous HIV-1 pool. Expression of M10 did not affect induction of HIV transcription mediated by the kappa B regulatory element or Tat. Importantly, constitutive expression of Rev M10 did not alter the secretion of interleukin 2 in response to mitogen stimulation of EL-4 and Jurkat cells. The inhibition of HIV infection in cells stably expressing a transdominant Rev protein, in the absence of any deleterious effect on T cell function, suggests that such a strategy could provide a therapeutic effect in the T lymphocytes of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients.
The B cell-associated CD37 antigen (gp40-52). Structure and subcellular expression of an extensively glycosylated glycoprotein. (1988)

The human B lymphocyte-associated CD37 antigen (gp40-52) has been characterized by the monoclonal antibody HD28. The CD37 antigen is strongly expressed on surface immunoglobulin positive B lymphocytes and weakly on a subpopulation of T lymphocytes and myeloid cells. The total molecular mass of the antigen ranges from approximately 40 to 52 kDa in B cell-derived leukemias and malignant lymphomas as well as in normal and anti-mu/B cell growth factor-activated tonsillar B cells. The polydisperse nature of the electrophoretic pattern of the CD37 antigen was found to be due to a microheterogeneity in its carbohydrate moiety. Biochemical analysis showed that the CD37 antigen derived from B cell-lines BJAB and LICR-LON-HMy2 consists of a single chain protein core of approximately 25 kDa to which two N-linked, complex carbohydrate antennae of various length are bound. The glycosylation of the molecule comprises about 50% of the total molecular mass. The molecule does not contain O-linked carbohydrate chains. In contrast, the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cell line, OCI.LY1, which is growth-dependent on human serum, carries a CD37 antigen with an additional carbohydrate chain resulting in a total molecular mass of approximately 40 to 64 kDa. At the electron microscopy level, this cell surface-expressed antigen was found to be associated with intracellular vesicles. The subcellular distribution of the CD37 antigen may reflect a function of this antigen both at the cell surface and in the cytoplasm. We found that, both due to its peculiar biochemical structure and its ultrastructural distribution, the CD37 antigen closely resembles the 46-kDa species of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor. The implications of this possible congruence for the function of the CD37 antigen are discussed.
Studies on a New Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agent. II. A New Synthetic Method of 2-Substituted-5-benzothiazoleacetic Acids and Their Derivatives (1974)

An industrially advantageous synthetic method to obtain 2-substituted 5-benzothiazoleacetic acids (12), which have a strong antiinflammatory activity and low toxicity, was investigated. Consequently, 12 was easily obtained by only two steps using 4-chloro-3-nitrophenylacetic acid (8) as a starting material. After 8 was heated under reflux with sodium sulfide nonahydrate in water, bis-(2-amino-4-carboxymethylphenyl) disulfide (9) was obtained by acidification of the mixture with acetic acid. 9 was reacted with the corresponding aromatic aldehyde in pyridine in a mild condition to form 12 in a high yield. 12 and its esters were also synthesized by three other methods.