gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alendronate gastric ulcers (1999)

Alendronate causes gastric ulceration, suggesting that alendronate use may be associated with ulcer complications such as acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The results of this study suggest the need for post-marketing surveillance to clarify the nature, frequency and magnitude of any potential gastrointestinal side-effects associated with the use of this drug.
A mixer computer-aided design tool based in the time domain (2003)

A time-domain-based technique for computer-aided mixer analysis and design is presented. The design tool uses SPICE to arrive at the steady-state solution of the network equations in the mixer circuit. These nonsinusoidal waveforms are studied to understand the interaction of diode, circuit, and drive conditions. Graphically derived criteria are developed to optimize mixer performance. Circuit characteristics such as conversion loss, input and output impedances at small-signal frequencies are rapidly calculated by using a fast Hartley transform (FHT) to generate the Fourier transform of the required waveforms. This technique can be used to analyze mixers that can be described in terms of transmission lines, lumped components or any other element blocks available with SPICE.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Multidimensional Child and Adolescent Depression Scale: Psychometric Properties (2003)

Based on previous factor analyses of child and adolescent depression inventories, the following eight basic dimensions were identified, i.e., Pessimism, Weak Concentration, Sleep Problems, Anhedonia, Fatigue, Loneliness, Low Self-esteem, and Somatic Complaints. Each dimension was assessed by five items, so the Multidimensional Child and Adolescent Depression Scale has 40 brief statements answered on a 3-point intensity scale, i.e., None, Some, and A lot. The eight dimensions have good factorial validity and acceptable to good alpha and test-retest reliability, and good criterion-related validity using three self-report depression scales. The total scale score has from good to high coefficients of reliability and validity. The highest mean scores were on Fatigue and Anhedonia for Kuwaiti boys and girls, respectively, while the Loneliness subscale has the lowest mean score for both sexes. Girls attained significantly higher mean scores than boys for the total score as well as on all dimensions, with the exception of weak concentration. The scale has two compatible Arabic and English versions. It was designed to be useful in defining the profile of children's and adolescents' depression.
Our Experience of Patients with Juvenile Nephronophthisis After Renal Transplantation (2018)

Introduction Juvenile nephronophthisis (NPHP), an autosomal recessive tubulointerstitial nephropathy, accounts for 10%–20% of renal failure cases in childhood. Treatment of patients with NPHP is symptomatic. Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice when ESRD is established. We report herein our center's experience with kidney transplantation for children with juvenile NPHP. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 142 renal transplant patients. We compared donor types, dialysis modality and duration, immunosuppressive treatment, acute rejection rate and outcomes of the patients with (group 1) and without (group 2) juvenile nephronophthisis. Results Seventeen (11.9%) had primary juvenile nephronophthisis diagnosis. Of the 17 NPHP patients (group 1), 5 (31.2%) received a cadaveric donor and 12 (68.7%) received a living related donor transplantation. Of the 125 without NPHP patients (group 2), 23 (17.6%) received a cadaveric donor and 102 (82.3%) received a living related donor. The mean age of the patients in group 1 was 149.56±50.33 months and 154.36±58.59 months in group 2 (P=.75). The mean follow-up period was 60.18±35.86 months in group 1, 46.35±30.51 months in group 2 (P=.09). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of dialysis modality and duration of dialysis and immunosuppressive treatment. Although the rate of acute rejection (11% vs 28.4%) and graft loss (5.25% vs 10.2%) were found lower in patients with NPHP, the difference was not statistically significant. Both groups had similar glomerular filtration rates post-transplant at 1 and 5 years (95.95±21.10 and 83.79±28.98 mL/min/1.73 m2 in group 1; 89.79±30.55 and 84.83±29.38 mL/min/1.73 m2 in group 2, respectively). Conclusions We observed preserved graft functions for long periods and we can say that post-transplant prognosis is good among renal transplant recipients with juvenile NPHP.
The Fis protein: it's not just for DNA inversion anymore (1992)

Higher-order nucleoprotein complexes are associated with many biological processes. In bacteria the formation of these macromolecular structures for DNA recombination, replication, and transcription often requires not only the participation of specific enzymes and co-factors, but also a class of DNA-binding proteins collectively known as 'nucleoid-associated' or 'histone-like' proteins. Examples of this class of proteins are HU, Integration Host Factor, H-NS, and Fis. Fis was originally identified as the factor for inversion stimulation of the homologous Hin and Gin site-specific DNA recombinases of Salmonella and phage Mu, respectively. This small, basic, DNA-bending protein has recently been shown to function in many other reactions including phage lambda site-specific recombination, transcriptional activation of rRNA and tRNA operons, repression of its own synthesis, and oriC-directed DNA replication. Cellular concentrations of Fis vary tremendously under different growth conditions which may have important regulatory implications for the physiological role of Fis in these different reactions. The X-ray crystal structure of Fis has been determined and insights into its mode of DNA binding and mechanisms of action in these disparate systems are being made.
Multi-Phase Injection Widens Lock Range of Ring-Oscillator-Based Frequency Dividers (2008)

Injection-locked oscillators divide at very high frequencies and consume low power. They are not widely deployed in commercial products because they operate over small, often unpredictable, ranges of input frequencies. Ring oscillators as dividers are interesting because they are compact, and capable of a multi-phase output, including quadrature phases. Using a generalized Adler's equation for large injections, we analyze the operation of injection-locked ring oscillators and derive expressions for the input lock range. We discover that injection in the correct progressive phases greatly widens the lock range; all that is needed is the right delay cell circuit, and the injection input in one or two phases. As proof of concept, divide-by-two and six prototypes are built. The measured lock range spans DC to 1.5 the free-running frequency, the highest reported to date.
rpoB -Based Identification of Nonpigmented and Late-Pigmenting Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria (2003)

Nonpigmented and late-pigmenting rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are increasingly isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories. Their accurate identification remains problematic because classification is labor intensive work and because new taxa are not often incorporated into classification databases. Also, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis underestimates RGM diversity and does not distinguish between all taxa. We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the rpoB gene, which encodes the bacterial beta subunit of the RNA polymerase, for 20 RGM type strains. After using in-house software which analyzes and graphically represents variability stretches of 60 bp along the nucleotide sequence, our analysis focused on a 723-bp variable region exhibiting 83.9 to 97% interspecies similarity and 0 to 1.7% intraspecific divergence. Primer pair Myco-F-Myco-R was designed as a tool for both PCR amplification and sequencing of this region for molecular identification of RGM. This tool was used for identification of 63 RGM clinical isolates previously identified at the species level on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Of 63 clinical isolates, 59 (94%) exhibited <2% partial rpoB gene sequence divergence from 1 of 20 species under study and were regarded as correctly identified at the species level. Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium mucogenicum isolates were clearly distinguished from Mycobacterium chelonae; Mycobacterium mageritense isolates were clearly distinguished from "Mycobacterium houstonense." Four isolates were not identified at the species level because they exhibited >3% partial rpoB gene sequence divergence from the corresponding type strain; they belonged to three taxa related to M. mucogenicum, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Mycobacterium porcinum. For M. abscessus and M. mucogenicum, this partial sequence yielded a high genetic heterogeneity within the clinical isolates. We conclude that molecular identification by analysis of the 723-bp rpoB sequence is a rapid and accurate tool for identification of RGM.
Failure to Regulate TNF-Induced NF-κB and Cell Death Responses in A20-Deficient Mice (2000)

A20 is a cytoplasmic zinc finger protein that inhibits nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated programmed cell death (PCD). TNF dramatically increases A20 messenger RNA expression in all tissues. Mice deficient for A20 develop severe inflammation and cachexia, are hypersensitive to both lipopolysaccharide and TNF, and die prematurely. A20-deficient cells fail to terminate TNF-induced NF-kappaB responses. These cells are also more susceptible than control cells to undergo TNF-mediated PCD. Thus, A20 is critical for limiting inflammation by terminating TNF-induced NF-kappaB responses in vivo.
Beyond 1,3-difunctionalized imidazolium cations (2012)

Although thousands of ILs have been reported in the literature, a great deal are essentially built on the same structural motif, 1,3-difunctionalized imidazolium cations. While these difunctionalized cations offer immense possibilities for tuning structure-property relationships, it is well-known that imidazolium-based materials can be further tailored via the introduction of various functional at the “2,” “4,” and/or “5” positions. However, strategies which employ trifunctionalized (or greater) imidazolium cations are seldom employed in materials design. Given the availability of a variety of imidazole-based precursors and the scalable chemistry by which to modify them, there is no fundamental reason why ionic liquid-based materials with more functionality should not be explored, especially in the realms of polymers, composites, and liquid crystalline materials. This brief perspective will address the challenges and opportunities of “branching out” the imidazole ring so as to gain new dimensions for materials design and the potential implications in applications such as polymer membrane separations for energy applications (e.g. CO 2 capture) and self-assembly.
AC bias type magnetoresistive sensor (1990)

An AC-bias-type magnetoresistive (MR) sensor which uses a ferromagnetic thin film is proposed to improve offset voltage and hysteresis. It was experimentally confirmed that an MR sensor with an applied AC bias magnetic field can generate an AC output proportional to the external magnetic field (DC magnetic field) which is independent of offset voltage and hysteresis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Efficient integration of transgenes into a defined locus in human embryonic stem cells (2010)

Random integration is one of the more straightforward methods to introduce a transgene into human embryonic stem (ES) cells. However, random integration may result in transgene silencing and altered cell phenotype due to insertional mutagenesis in undefined gene regions. Moreover, reliability of data may be compromised by differences in transgene integration sites when comparing multiple transgenic cell lines. To address these issues, we developed a genetic manipulation strategy based on homologous recombination and Cre recombinase-mediated site-specific integration. First, we performed gene targeting of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT) locus of the human ES cell line KhES-1. Next, a gene-replacement system was created so that a circular vector specifically integrates into the targeted HPRT locus via Cre recombinase activity. We demonstrate the application of this strategy through the creation of a tetracycline-inducible reporter system at the HPRT locus. We show that reporter gene expression was responsive to doxycycline and that the resulting transgenic human ES cells retain their self-renewal capacity and pluripotency.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Accumulate in Kidney Allograft Tolerance and Specifically Suppress Effector T Cell Expansion (2008)

The immune tolerance to rat kidney allografts induced by a perioperative treatment with anti-CD28 Abs is associated with a severe unresponsiveness of peripheral blood cells to donor Ags. In this model, we identified an accumulation in the blood of CD3(-)class II(-)CD11b(+)CD80/86(+) plastic-adherent cells that additionally expressed CD172a as well as other myeloid markers. These cells were able to inhibit proliferation, but not activation, of effector T cells and to induce apoptosis in a contact-dependent manner. Their suppressive action was found to be under the control of inducible NO synthase, an enzyme also up-regulated in tolerated allografts. Based on these features, these cells can be defined as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Interestingly, CD4(+)CD25(high)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells were insensitive in vitro to MDSC-mediated suppression. Although the adoptive transfer of MDSC failed to induce kidney allograft tolerance in recently transplanted recipients, the maintenance of tolerance after administration of anti-CD28 Abs was found to be dependent on the action of inducible NO synthase. These results suggest that increased numbers of MDSC can inhibit alloreactive T cell proliferation in vivo and that these cells may participate in the NO-dependent maintenance phase of tolerance.
Isolation of processed, H-2Kb -binding ovalbumin-derived peptides associated with the stress proteins HSP70 and GP96 (1998)

Stress-induced proteins or heat shock proteins (HSP) of 96 kDa mass (gp96) and 70 kDa mass (HSP70) have been shown previously to elicit specific immunity to tumors from which they are isolated. This immunity is dependent on CD8+ cytotoxic T cells which are readily primed in vivo by immunization with HSP. The immunization capacity of HSP relies on their ability to bind antigenic peptides. Here we show that HSP70 and gp96 preparations purified from the ovalbumin (OVA)-transfected cell line E.G7 are associated with processed H-2Kb-binding peptides which contain the major H-2Kb-associated epitope SIINFEKL (OVA257-264). Our data show for the first time in the well-defined OVA antigen system that not only endoplasmic reticulum-resident HSP, like gp96, are associated with processed antigenic peptides but that also the cytosolic HSP70 protein forms complexes with major finally processed MHC-binding epitopes.
Protein adsorption and smooth muscle cell adhesion on biodegradable agmatine‐modified poly(propylene fumarate‐co‐ethylene glycol) hydrogels (2003)

We synthesized positively charged biodegradable hydrogels from poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) block copolymer and agmatine-modified poly(ethylene glycol)-tethered fumarate by radical crosslinking, and investigated the effect of the guanidino group of agmatine on vascular smooth muscle cell adhesion and protein adsorption to the hydrogels. In the presence of serum, the number of adherent smooth muscle cells per unit surface area increased dose-dependently from 15 to 75% of the initial seeding density at 20 h as the initial agmatine-modified monomer content increased from 0 to 200 mg/g. Cell spreading also depended on the initial monomer content. In the absence of serum, the number of adherent cells per unit surface area increased slightly from 10 to 17% of the initial seeding density as the initial monomer content increased from 0 to 200 mg/g. Cell adhesion increased significantly by adding exogenous vitronectin to serum-free medium, whereas exogenous fibronectin addition did not enhance cell adhesion. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of fibronectin and vitronectin adsorbed onto the hydrogels revealed that the incorporation of positive charges into the hydrogels enhanced vitronectin, but not fibronectin, adsorption significantly. These results suggest that the guanidino group of agmatine enhanced cell adhesion by promoting the adsorption of serum components, and vitronectin may be one of the components.
Effect of oral probiotics (Bifidobacterium lactis AD011 and Lactobacillus acidophilus AD031) administration on ovalbumin-induced food allergy mouse model. (2008)

Recent study has demonstrated an increasing prevalence of food allergy in Korean children. Specific probiotic bacteria may promote potentially anti-allergenic processes through induction of Th1-type immunity and enhance the regulatory lymphocyte. This study investigated whether orally administrated probiotics could suppress allergic responses in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergy mouse model. Thus, female C3H/HeJ mice were orally sensitized with OVA and cholera toxin for 4 weeks. Lactobacillus acidophilus AD031, Bifidobacterium lactis AD011, and L. acidophilus AD031 plus B. lactis AD011 were fed to mice from 2 weeks before the sensitization. The OVA-induced mice that were not treated with probiotics had significantly increased serum levels of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, and OVA-specific IgA in feces. However, the mice treated with probiotics suppressed production of the OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgA. The level of IL-4 was significantly lower, and the levels of INF-gamma and IL-10 were significantly higher in the mice treated with probiotics than that in the nontreated mice. The groups treated with probiotics had decreased levels of degranulated mast cells, eosinophil granules, and tail scabs. These results indicate that L. acidophilus AD031 and B. lactis AD011 might be useful for the prevention of allergy.
Fermentation Reduces Free Asparagine in Dough and Acrylamide Content in Bread (2004)

ABSTRACT Free asparagine is an important precursor for acrylamide in cereal products. The content of free asparagine was determined in 11 milling fractions from wheat and rye. Whole grain wheat flour contained 0.5 g/kg and whole grain rye flour 1.1 g/kg. The lowest content was found in sifted wheat flour (0.2 g/kg). Wheat germ had the highest content (4.9 g/kg). Fermentation (baker's yeast or baker's yeast and sourdough) of doughs made with the different milling fractions was performed to investigate whether the content of free asparagine was reduced by this process. In general, most of the asparagine was utilized after 2 hr of fermentation with yeast. Sourdough fermentation, on the other hand, did not reduce the content of free asparagineas efficiently but had a strong negative impact on asparagine utilization by yeast. This indicates that this type of fermentation may result in breads with higher acrylamide content than in breads fermented with yeast only. The effect of fermentation time on acrylamide formation inyeast‐leavened bread was studied in a model system. Doughs (sifted wheat flour with whole grain wheat flour or rye bran) were fermented for a short (15+15 min) or a long time (180+180 min). Compared with short fermentation time, longer fermentation reduced acrylamide content in bread made with whole grain wheat 87%. For breads made with rye bran, the corresponding reduction was 77%. Hence, extensive fermentation with yeast may be one possible way to reduce acrylamide content in bread.
A New Generation of Antenna Structures Based on Novel Composite Materials (1998)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21535/2/rl2514.0001.001.pdf
Augmentation of gamma-globin gene promoter activity by carboxylic acids and components of the human beta-globin locus control region (1994)

Butyric acid increases fetal hemoglobin synthesis in adult animals and in erythroid cells in culture and induces the gamma-globin gene promoter in transient expression experiments in K562 cells (McDonagh KT, Nienhuis AW, Blood 78:255a, 1992 [abstr, suppl 1]). We compared the effect of butyrate and other short-chain carboxylic acids in transient expression studies with K562 cells using an expression plasmid bearing a luciferase reporter gene driven by the normal human A gamma-globin gene promoter. Butyrate (4 carbons) increased the activity of the human A gamma-globin gene promoter up to 123 times. Marked augmentation of the normal gamma-promoter activity was also noted with 5-carbon valeric acid (up to 394 times) and 3-carbon propionic acid (up to 129 times). The branched isobutyric acid as well as phenylacetate showed less ability to increase promoter activity. Addition of the tandemly repeated AP-1/NF-E2 (AP) enhancer sequences from hypersensitive site 2 (HS2) of the locus control region (LCR) increased gamma-promoter activity up to 24 times. Addition of a nearby 16-bp conserved motif (CM) in HS2 (Safaya S, Rieder RF, Blood 78:146a, 1992 [abstr, suppl 1]) to the AP-containing plasmid construct further increased gamma-promoter activity. In the presence of butyrate, the plasmid bearing both the AP and CM sequences showed gene expression up to 477 times greater than that of the basal gamma-promoter-driven luciferase plasmid in the absence of inducer. A plasmid bearing the herpes simplex thymidine kinase promoter was also tested and gene expression was markedly increased by the same organic acids. MEL cells responded to butyrate, valerate, and propionate with induction of hemoglobin synthesis. Responses to isobutyrate and 6-carbon caproate required higher concentrations of the compounds. Thus, other short-chain organic acids as well as butyrate increase gamma-promoter activity in the transient expression system, and this activity can be further augmented by incorporating LCR elements into the expression vector. Nonglobin promoters also respond to the same carboxylic acids.
Subcutaneous and intestinal vaccination with tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii and acquisition of immunity to peroral and congenital toxoplasma challenge. (1988)

Mice were immunized s.c. or intraintestinally with two injections of a temperature-sensitive mutant of Toxoplasma gondii (ts4). Nonpersistence of the vaccine strain was documented by subinoculation of tissues of a subgroup of mice 3 mo or more after the second immunization. Mice were immune to other-wise lethal parenteral challenges with tachyzoites of the M7741 strain or to peroral challenge with bradyzoites of the Me49 strain of T. gondii. Although two s.c. or intraintestinal immunizations did not completely protect against development of T. gondii in the brains of mice, fewer cysts developed in the s.c. immunized mice than in control mice (2 +/- 3 cysts/0.01 ml in immunized mice compared with 75 +/- 48 cysts/0.01 ml in controls (p less than 0.002)). Reduction in cyst number after intraintestinal immunization was more variable, but also statistically significant (p less than 0.02). Female mice were first immunized, then mated, and then challenged perorally. Neonates of the s.c. immunized mice were not protected. Neonates of intraintestinally immunized mice were protected in part (36% of 115) against congenital infection compared with controls (7% of 107).