gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lactate as a Potential Biomarker of Sepsis in a Rat Cecal Ligation and Puncture Model (2018)

We attempted to investigate whether blood lactate is a useful biomarker for sepsis in a rat cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent approximately 75% cecum ligation and two punctures to induce high-grade sepsis. A lactate of 1.64 mmol/L (Youden score of 0.722) was selected as the best cutoff value to predict the onset of sepsis after CLP exposure; 46 of 50 rats who survived 24 hours after the CLP were divided into the L group (lactate < 1.64 mmol/L) and M group (lactate ≥ 1.64 mmol/L). In the M group, the animals had significantly higher murine sepsis scores and none survived 5 days post-CLP, and the rate of validated septic animals, serum procalcitonin, high mobility group box 1, blood urea nitrogen, alanine transaminase, cardiac troponin I, and the wet-to-dry weight ratio were significantly higher compared to the L group. Worsen PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub>, microcirculations, and mean arterial pressure were observed in the M group. More severe damage in major organs was confirmed by histopathological scores in the M group compared with the L group. In conclusion, lactate ≥ 1.64 mmol/L might serve as a potential biomarker to identify the onset of sepsis in a rat CLP model.
Interaction between a Cellular Protein That Binds to the C-terminal Region of Adenovirus E1A (CtBP) and a Novel Cellular Protein Is Disrupted by E1A through a Conserved PLDLS Motif (1998)

Adenovirus E1A proteins immortalize primary animal cells and cooperate with several other oncogenes in oncogenic transformation. These activities are primarily determined by the N-terminal half (exon 1) of E1A. Although the C-terminal half (exon 2) is also essential for some of these activities, it is dispensable for cooperative transformation with the activated T24 ras oncogene. Exon 2 negatively modulates in vitro cooperative transformation with T24 ras as well as the tumorigenic and metastatic potentials of transformed cells. A short C-terminal sequence of E1A governs the oncogenesis-restraining activity of exon 2. This region of E1A binds with a cellular phosphoprotein, CtBP, through a 5-amino acid motif, PLDLS, conserved among the E1A proteins of human adenoviruses. To understand the mechanism by which interaction between E1A and CtBP results in tumorigenesis-restraining activity, we searched for cellular proteins that complex with CtBP. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a 125-kDa protein, CtIP, that binds with CtBP through the PLDLS motif. E1A exon 2 peptides that contain the PLDLS motif disrupt the CtBP-CtIP complex. Our results suggest that the tumorigenesis-restraining activity of E1A exon 2 may be related to the disruption of the CtBP-CtIP complex through the PLDLS motif.
Volatiles from Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenb. and Their Attractiveness to Nitidulid Beetles (1999)

It is known that sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) can vector the fungus Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenb. (= F. moniliforme Sheldon), which causes an important ear-rot disease in corn and also produces fumonisin mycotoxins. The volatiles produced by this fungus were studied to establish whether they could attract sap beetles. Such an association would suggest more than just an incidental role in transmission of the fungus by the beetles. F. verticillioides consistently produces a blend of five alcohols (ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-methyl-1-butanol), acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate. Ethanol is the most abundant alcohol. The fungus also produces four phenolic compounds (the most abundant of which is ethylguaiacol), a series of presently unidentified sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and an unidentified compound that is probably a 10-carbon ketone. Solid-phase microextraction was the key technique used in volatile analysis. The volatile profiles change over time and differ somewhat among fungal strains: The alcohols, aldehyde, and ester always appeared first and were present for each strain. Production of the phenolics lagged by several days, and in some strains these compounds were barely detectable. Volatile production eventually diminished in all strains. All strains were attractive to the sap beetle, Carpophilus humeralis (F.), in wind-tunnel bioassays. Attraction was correlated primarily to the presence of the alcohols, acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate, rather than to the phenolics. To verify that the identified culture volatiles were responsible for beetle attraction, cultures were quantitatively simulated with synthetic chemicals, and the cultures and corresponding synthetic mixtures were then compared by bioassay. The comparisons were favorable. Volatile emission patterns from cultures were fairly robust with respect to inoculum level or incubation temperature, but some manipulation was possible. For example, after freeze-drying and rehydrating (a rapid simulation of winter/spring conditions), F. verticillioides produced ethyl acetate and other esters at unusually high levels. The fungus produced attractive volatiles following ear inoculation of milk-stage field corn as well as on sterile, mature kernels in the laboratory.
New Triarylamine-Containing Polymers as Hole Transport Materials in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes:  Effect of Polymer Structure and Cross-Linking on Device Characteristics (1998)

A series of poly(norbornenes) with pendant triarylamine (TPA) groups has been synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization and investigated as hole transport materials in organic two-layer light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Efficient device fabrication through spin casting of the hole transport layer (HTL) was possible, since the polymers exhibited excellent film formation properties. LEDs of the form ITO/poly(norbornene)-TPA/Alq3/Mg (ITO = indium tin oxide, Alq3 = tris(8-quinolinato)aluminum) showed bright green emission with external quantum efficiencies of up to 0.77% (1.30 lm/W) for 20 nm thick HTL films. The length and polarity of the linker between the triarylamine functionality and the polymer backbone were varied systematically. The device performance was found to depend strongly on these structural differences. Substitution of ester groups by less polar ether functionalities greatly enhances external quantum efficiencies, lowers the operating voltage, and improves the stability of the device. Further improvement of the device characteristics is achieved by reducing the length of the alkyl linker. The HTL can be conveniently cross-linked by UV irradiation. Cross-linking was found to decrease device performance. A maximum external quantum efficiency of 0.37% was achieved for an Alq3-LED with cross-linked HTL.
Determination of Phylloquinone in Vegetables, Fruits, and Berries by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection (1997)

The amount of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in the most important vegetables, fruits, and berries available in Finland was analyzed by a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. In this method phylloquinone was quantified with a dual-electrode electrochemical (EC) detector using menaquinone 4 (MK-4) as an internal standard. The seasonal variation of phylloquinone in some vegetables was also investigated. The highest phylloquinone content was analyzed in parsley (mean content = 360 μg/100 g), while other green vegetables were also found to be good sources of phylloquinone (general mean content > 100 μg/100 g). In contrast, red and yellow vegetables and fruits contained considerably lower amounts of phylloquinone (mean content < 20 μg/100 g). The mean phylloquinone content of berries ranged from 5.5 μg/100 g (strawberry) to 30 μg/100 g (black currant). Variation in the phylloquinone content of vegetables was considerable, although the main reason for this could not be determined. The contribution of vegetables, fruits, and berries to the average daily dietary intake of phylloquinone in Finland was estimated to be approximately 40 μg. Keywords: Phylloquinone; vitamin K1; vegetables; HPLC
Diagnostic value of SCC, CEA and CYFRA 21.1 in lung cancer: a Bayesian analysis (1997)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of three tumour markers, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CYFRA 21.1, in lung cancer using a Bayesian analysis to obtain the predictive values for different pretest probabilities or prevalences. A cross-sectional study included 94 patients with lung cancer, 40 with benign lung disease, and 40 healthy controls. SCC antigen and CEA were measured in blood samples by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA), and CYFRA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results of tumour marker determinations were expressed as percentiles, and showed significantly higher levels in the cancer group than in the two control groups. Taking the 95th percentile of benign lung diseases as the cut-off point (specificity 95%), the following sensitivities were found: SCC 41%, CEA 31% and CYFRA 79%. After a Bayesian analysis, the best results for the three tumour markers were found in prevalences of 30-40%. The highest incremental gain was obtained by CYFRA (at prevalence of 36%, positive and negative predictive value approximately 90%). The three tumour markers were included in a stepwise regression analysis to predict lung cancer, and CYFRA was the only selected variable. We conclude that CYFRA 21.1 may be a useful marker in lung cancer when there is an intermediate pretest probability of disease.
Unique behavior of dendritic macromolecules: intrinsic viscosity of polyether dendrimers (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnique behavior of dendritic macromolecules: intrinsic viscosity of polyether dendrimersT. H. Mourey, S. R. Turner, M. Rubinstein, J. M. J. Frechet, C. J. Hawker, and K. L. WooleyCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 9, 2401–2406Publication Date (Print):April 27, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00035a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00035a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2164Altmetric-Citations484LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Equal opportunity CAR T cells (2017)

In this issue of Blood, Gardner et al report results of a phase 1 trial of 45 children and young adults with relapsed or refractory B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received a T-cell product of defined CD4/CD8 composition that was genetically modified with a CD19-4-1BB:ζ chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) lentiviral vector.1
Health and Climate Change (2014)

Abstract There are several mechanisms through which climate change may affect health ranging from direct (e.g., heat wave deaths) to indirect effects (e.g., famine from crop failures). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have examined the likely impacts on health and suggested that extreme weather (e.g., cyclones) is projected to increase leading to elevated deaths, disease and injuries. More illnesses associated with poor air quality and malnutrition are also projected. Climate change may affect the distribution of disease causing vectors (e.g., mosquitoes transmitting dengue fever) with negative health consequences. However, in the case of malaria some countries will see more and others less disease with overall neutral consequences. Elevated temperatures are projected globally which may reduce cold weather mortality in high latitudes. Diarrheal diseases are caused by a variety of organisms and increasing incidence is indicated. Climate change is unlikely to lead to new diseases although new strains of microbes may possibly emerge. It may, however, affect the range, incidence, and seasonality of existing diseases. Existing public health and health care systems provide countries with the capacity to adapt to the consequences. Many of the most severe impacts are projected to fall disproportionally on lower income countries that have relatively few resources to adapt.
Role of adalimumab in the treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis. (2004)

Adalimumab, a recent addition to the therapeutic armamentarium in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), has been evaluated in patients with early RA. The DE019 study, a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial of adalimumab given 20 mg once a week or 40 mg every other week demonstrated both clinical and radiographic efficacy. A subset analysis of patients with early disease revealed that early treatment with adalimumab may be more efficacious than therapy later in the course of disease, particularly with regard to radiographic progression. The findings support early aggressive intervention in RA.
Dopamine Receptor Binding Predicts Clinical and Pharmacological Potencies of Antischizophrenic Drugs (1976)

Tritiated haloperidol and tritiated dopamine label postsynaptic dopamine receptors in mammalian brain. Clinical potencies of butyrophenones, phenothiazines, and related drugs correlate closely with their ability to inhibit tritiated haloperidol binding. These binding methods provide a simple in vitro means for evaluating new drugs as potential antischizophrenic agents.
Emerging targets in the AKT pathway for treatment of androgen-independent prostatic adenocarcinoma (2002)

Prostatic adenocarcinoma (CaP) is the most common, non-cutaneous malignancy and the second-leading cause of cancer death in men. The disease has two distinct phases: the androgen-dependent phase, which can be treated effectively with androgen ablation therapies, and the androgen-independent phase, for which there is no effective life-prolonging therapy. An estimated 32,000 men will die this year from androgen-independent, metastatic CaP. Efforts to understand the metastatic progression of CaP and the emergence of androgen-independent disease have begun to illuminate the molecular events involved. Recent work suggests that CaP progression to androgen-independent, metastatic disease involves a dampened apoptotic response, a release from the cell cycle block that initially follows androgen withdrawal and a shift from dependence on paracrine-derived growth and survival factors to autonomous production of these key proteins. Functional loss of the tumour suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and subsequent activation of the AKT pathway, have been prominently implicated in the progression of CaP to androgen-independence. Activation of the AKT pathway can suppress the apoptotic response, undermine cell cycle control and selectively enhance the production of key growth and survival factors. Though many proteins and intracellular signalling pathways can influence these biological processes, activation of the AKT pathway may be a particularly potent signal involved in CaP progression to androgen-independence and therefore presents a series of potential targets for therapy of advanced androgen-independent CaP.
Charge-Transfer Excitons at Organic Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces (2009)

When a material of low dielectric constant is excited electronically from the absorption of a photon, the Coulomb attraction between the excited electron and the hole gives rise to an atomic H-like quasi-particle called an exciton. The bound electron-hole pair also forms across a material interface, such as the donor/acceptor interface in an organic heterojunction solar cell; the result is a charge-transfer (CT) exciton. On the basis of typical dielectric constants of organic semiconductors and the sizes of conjugated molecules, one can estimate that the binding energy of a CT exciton across a donor/acceptor interface is 1 order of magnitude greater than k(B)T at room temperature (k(B) is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature). How can the electron-hole pair escape this Coulomb trap in a successful photovoltaic device? To answer this question, we use a crystalline pentacene thin film as a model system and the ubiquitous image band on the surface as the electron acceptor. We observe, in time-resolved two-photon photoemission, a series of CT excitons with binding energies < or = 0.5 eV below the image band minimum. These CT excitons are essential solutions to the atomic H-like Schrodinger equation with cylindrical symmetry. They are characterized by principal and angular momentum quantum numbers. The binding energy of the lowest lying CT exciton with 1s character is more than 1 order of magnitude higher than k(B)T at room temperature. The CT(1s) exciton is essentially the so-called exciplex and has a very low probability of dissociation. We conclude that hot CT exciton states must be involved in charge separation in organic heterojunction solar cells because (1) in comparison to CT(1s), hot CT excitons are more weakly bound by the Coulomb potential and more easily dissociated, (2) density-of-states of these hot excitons increase with energy in the Coulomb potential, and (3) electronic coupling from a donor exciton to a hot CT exciton across the D/A interface can be higher than that to CT(1s) as expected from energy resonance arguments. We suggest a design principle in organic heterojunction solar cells: there must be strong electronic coupling between molecular excitons in the donor and hot CT excitons across the D/A interface.
Synthesis of oxindole derivatives from N‐alkenyl‐o‐chloroanilides with zero‐valent nickel complex (1985)

Abstract Oxindole derivatives have been obtained from N ‐alkenyl‐ o ‐chloroanilides by reaction with tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(0) in toluene as solvent in good yields. A detailed analysis of all the products of the reaction allows to confirm the postulated mechanism of the cyclization reaction. The o ‐chloroanilides of the 3‐cyclohexenylacetic acid fails in the cyclization reaction, since the torsional hindrance seems to avoid that the endocyclic double bond may be orthogonally to the ortho ‐σ‐nickel complex intermediate on the aromatic ring.
Construction and characterization of pta gene‐deleted mutant of Clostridium tyrobutyricum for enhanced butyric acid fermentation (2005)

Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 is an acidogenic bacterium, producing butyrate and acetate as its main fermentation products. In order to decrease acetate and increase butyrate production, integrational mutagenesis was used to disrupt the gene associated with the acetate formation pathway in C. tyrobutyricum. A nonreplicative integrational plasmid containing the phosphotransacetylase gene (pta) fragment cloned from C. tyrobutyricum by using degenerate primers and an erythromycin resistance cassette were constructed and introduced into C. tyrobutyricum by electroporation. Integration of the plasmid into the homologous region on the chromosome inactivated the target pta gene and produced the pta-deleted mutant (PTA-Em), which was confirmed by Southern hybridization. SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis results indicated that protein expression was changed in the mutant. Enzyme activity assays using the cell lysate showed that the activities of PTA and acetate kinase (AK) in the mutant were reduced by more than 60% for PTA and 80% for AK. The mutant grew more slowly in batch fermentation with glucose as the substrate but produced 15% more butyrate and 14% less acetate as compared to the wild-type strain. Its butyrate productivity was approximately 2-fold higher than the wild-type strain. Moreover, the mutant showed much higher tolerance to butyrate inhibition, and the final butyrate concentration was improved by 68%. However, inactivation of pta gene did not completely eliminate acetate production in the fermentation, suggesting the existence of other enzymes (or pathways) also leading to acetate formation. This is the first-reported genetic engineering study demonstrating the feasibility of using a gene-inactivation technique to manipulate the acetic acid formation pathway in C. tyrobutyricum in order to improve butyric acid production from glucose.
Plasma viscosity regulates systemic and microvascular perfusion during acute extreme anemic conditions (2006)

The hamster window chamber model was used to study systemic and microvascular hemodynamic responses to extreme hemodilution with low- and high-viscosity plasma expanders (LVPE and HVPE, respectively) to determine whether plasma viscosity is a factor in homeostasis during extreme anemic conditions. Moderated hemodilution was induced by two isovolemic steps performed with 6% 70-kDa dextran until systemic hematocrit (Hct) was reduced to 18% (level 2). In a third isovolemic step, hemodilution with LVPE (6% 70-kDa dextran, 2.8 cP) or HVPE (6% 500-kDa dextran, 5.9 cP) reduced Hct to 11%. Systemic parameters, cardiac output (CO), organ flow distribution, microhemodynamics, and functional capillary density, were measured after each exchange dilution. Fluorescent-labeled microspheres were used to measure organ (brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen) and window chamber blood flow. Final blood and plasma viscosities after the entire protocol were 2.1 and 1.4 cP, respectively, for LVPE and 2.8 and 2.2 cP, respectively, for HVPE (baseline = 4.2 and 1.2 cP, respectively). HVPE significantly elevated mean arterial pressure and CO compared with LVPE but did not increase vascular resistance. Functional capillary density was significantly higher for HVPE [87% (SD 7) of baseline] than for LVPE [42% (SD 11) of baseline]. Increases in mean arterial blood pressure, CO, and shear stress-mediated factors could be responsible for maintaining organ and microvascular perfusion after exchange with HVPE compared with LVPE. Microhemodynamic data corresponded to microsphere-measured perfusion data in vital organs.
Process reliability based trojans through NBTI and HCI effects (2010)

In this paper, we introduce the notion of process reliability based trojans which reduce the reliability of integrated circuits through malicious alterations of the manufacturing process conditions. In contrast to hardware/software trojans which either alter the circuitry or functionality of the IC respectively, the process reliability trojans appear as a result of alterations in the fabrication process steps. The reduction in reliability is caused by acceleration of the wearing out mechanisms for CMOS transistors, such as Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) or Hot Carrier Injection (HCI). The minor manufacturing process changes can result in creation of infected ICs with a much shorter lifetime that are difficult to detect. Such infected ICs fail prematurely and might lead to catastrophic consequences. The paper describes possible process alterations for both NBTI and HCI mechanisms that might result in creation of process reliability trojans. The paper also explores some possible detection techniques that can help identify the hidden trojans and discusses the various scenarios when process reliability based trojans lead to severe damages.