gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A dip in the reservoir: maintaining sample synopses of evolving datasets (2006)

Perhaps the most flexible synopsis of a database is a sample of the data; such samples are widely used to speed up processing of analytic queries and data-mining tasks, enhance query optimization, and facilitate information integration. In this paper, we study methods for incrementally maintaining a uniform sample of the items in a dataset in the presence of an arbitrary sequence of insertions and deletions. For stable datasets whose size remains roughly constant over time, we provide a novel sampling scheme, called random pairing (RP) which maintains a bounded-size uniform sample by using newly inserted data items to compensate for previous deletions. The RP algorithm is the first extension of the almost 40-year-old reservoir sampling algorithm to handle deletions. Experiments show that, when dataset-size fluctuations over time are not too extreme, RP is the algorithm of choice with respect to speed and sample-size stability. For growing datasets, we consider algorithms for periodically a bounded-size sample upwards. We prove that any such algorithm cannot avoid accessing the base data, and provide a novel resizing algorithm that minimizes the time needed to increase the sample size.
Asymmetric Intermolecular Carbenoid C−H Insertions Catalyzed by Rhodium(II) (S)-N-(p-Dodecylphenyl)sulfonylprolinate (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAsymmetric Intermolecular Carbenoid C−H Insertions Catalyzed by Rhodium(II) (S)-N-(p-Dodecylphenyl)sulfonylprolinateHuw M. L. Davies and Tore HansenView Author Information Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 38, 9075–9076Publication Date (Web):September 24, 1997Publication History Received11 June 1997Published online24 September 1997Published inissue 1 September 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja971915phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja971915prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5079Altmetric-Citations201LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Cyclopropanation,Organic reactions,Stereochemistry,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
CH3NH3SnxPb(1–x)I3 Perovskite Solar Cells Covering up to 1060 nm (2014)

We report photovoltaic performances of all-solid state Sn/Pb halide-based perovskite solar cells. The cell has the following composition: F-doped SnO2 layered glass/compact titania layer/porous titania layer/CH3NH3SnxPb(1-x)I3/regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl). Sn halide perovskite itself did not show photovoltaic properties. Photovoltaic properties were observed when PbI2 was added in SnI2. The best performance was obtained by using CH3NH3Sn0.5Pb0.5I3 perovskite. 4.18% efficiency with open circuit voltage 0.42 V, fill factor 0.50, and short circuit current 20.04 mA/cm(2) are reported. The edge of the incident photon to current efficiency curve reached 1060 nm, which was 260 nm red-shifted compared with that of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells.
A neural network based relaying scheme for distribution system high impedance fault detection (2002)

The authors present an artificial neural network (ANN)-FFT based novel detection scheme for high impedance faults (HIFs) in electrical distribution networks. The scheme uses an ANN and utilizes a discriminant vector of dominant harmonic sequence magnitudes of negative and zero (-, 0) components of the supply voltages and currents at the substation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Single Deletion in the Membrane-Proximal Region of the Sindbis Virus Glycoprotein E2 Endodomain Blocks Virus Assembly (2000)

The envelopment of the Sindbis virus nucleocapsid in the modified cell plasma membrane involves a highly specific interaction between the capsid (C) protein and the endodomain of the E2 glycoprotein. We have previously identified a domain of the Sindbis virus C protein involved in binding to the E2 endodomain (H. Lee and D. T. Brown, Virology 202:390-400, 1994). The C-E2 binding domain resides in a hydrophobic cleft with C Y180 and W247 on opposing sides of the cleft. Structural modeling studies indicate that the E2 domain, which is proposed to bind the C protein (E2 398T, 399P, and 400Y), is located at a sufficient distance from the membrane to occupy the C protein binding cleft (S. Lee, K. E. Owen, H. K. Choi, H. Lee, G. Lu, G. Wengler, D. T. Brown, M. G. Rossmann, and R. J. Kuhn, Structure 4:531-541, 1996). To measure the critical spanning length of the E2 endodomain which positions the TPY domain into the putative C binding cleft, we have constructed a deletion mutant, DeltaK391, in which a nonconserved lysine (E2 K391) at the membrane-cytoplasm junction of the E2 tail has been deleted. This mutant was found to produce very low levels of virus from BHK-21 cells due to a defect in an unidentified step in nucleocapsid binding to the E2 endodomain. In contrast, DeltaK391 produced wild-type levels of virus from tissue-cultured mosquito cells. We propose that the phenotypic differences displayed by this mutant in the two diverse host cells arise from fundamental differences in the lipid composition of the insect cell membranes which affect the physical and structural properties of membranes and thereby virus assembly. The data suggest that these viruses have evolved properties adapted specifically for assembly in the diverse hosts in which they grow.
Label‐Free Electronic Detection of Thrombin in Blood Serum by Using an Aptamer‐Based Sensor (2005)

Blue, gold, and DNA: A methylene blue (MB) tagged, thrombin-binding DNA aptamer immobilized on a gold surface undergoes a large conformational change upon target binding (see schematic representation; eT: electron transfer). This folding produces a large, readily measurable change in redox current and allows the electrochemical detection of thrombin in blood serum.
Nitric oxide donor drugs: current status and future trends (2002)

Nitric oxide synthesised in endothelial cells that line blood vessels has a wide range of functions that are vital for maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system. Reduced nitric oxide availability is implicated in the initiation and progression of many cardiovascular diseases and delivery of supplementary nitric oxide to help prevent disease progression is an attractive therapeutic option. Nitric oxide donor drugs represent a useful means of systemic nitric oxide delivery and organic nitrates have been used for many years as effective therapies for symptomatic relief from angina. However, nitrates have limitations and a number of alternative nitric oxide donor classes have emerged since the discovery that nitric oxide is a crucial biological mediator. This review focuses on novel advances and possible future directions in nitric oxide donor drug development.
Oral Antihyperglycemic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (2002)

With few exceptions, the available oral antidiabetic agents are equally effective at lowering glucose concentrations. Their mechanisms of action are different, however, and as a result they appear to have distinct metabolic effects. These are reflected in their adverse effect profiles and their effect on cardiovascular risk, which may influence drug choice.
Dendritic Cells, Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase and Acquired Immune Privilege (2010)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized to stimulate T cell immunity. Paradoxically, some DCs suppress T cell responses and activate regulatory T cells. In this review, we focus on a potent counter-regulatory pathway mediated by plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) expressing the immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO). IDO-expressing pDCs inhibit effector T cell responses, activate regulatory T cells, and attenuate pro-inflammatory responses in settings of chronic inflammation that manifest in clinical syndromes, such as infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases; cancer; and transplantation. Thus, IDO-expressing pDCs create immune privilege and provide novel opportunities to improve immunotherapy in multiple disease syndromes.
RuHCl(diphosphine)(diamine):  Catalyst Precursors for the Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Ketones and Imines1 (2001)

New chiral complexes RuHCl(diphosphine)(diamine) are readily prepared from RuHCl(PPh3)3. The diamine complexes, in the presence of alkoxide base, catalyze the hydrogenation of a wide variety of ketones and imines at 3 atm H2, 20 °C, including prochiral imines to chiral amines in good to excellent enantiomeric excess.
Induction of differentiation of human acute myelogenous leukemia cells: therapeutic implications (1983)

A prominent phenotypic abnormality of human acute myelogenous leukemia cells is the inability of the cells to differentiate to functional mature cells; instead, the cells are blocked at an early stage of development and remain in the proliferative pool and rapidly accumulate. Investigation of the induction of myeloid leukemic cell differentiation has made recent advances with the development of several human myelogenous leukemia cell lines. The lines provide models to study the biology of myeloid differentiation and to identify inducers of differentiation of myeloid leukemic blood cells. This review critically examines the inducers of leukemic cell differentiation and their potential therapeutic importance.
Access of Antibody Molecules to the Conserved Coreceptor Binding Site on Glycoprotein gp120 Is Sterically Restricted on Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2003)

Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibodies whose binding to gp120 is enhanced by CD4 binding (CD4i antibodies) are generally considered nonneutralizing for primary HIV-1 isolates. However, a novel CD4i-specific Fab fragment, X5, has recently been found to neutralize a wide range of primary isolates. To investigate the precise nature of the extraordinary neutralizing ability of Fab X5, we evaluated the abilities of different forms (immunoglobulin G [IgG], Fab, and single-chain Fv) of X5 and other CD4i monoclonal antibodies to neutralize a range of primary HIV-1 isolates. Our results show that, for a number of isolates, the size of the neutralizing agent is inversely correlated with its ability to neutralize. Thus, the poor ability of CD4i-specific antibodies to neutralize primary isolates is due, at least in part, to steric factors that limit antibody access to the gp120 epitopes. Studies of temperature-regulated neutralization or fusion-arrested intermediates suggest that the steric effects are important in limiting the binding of IgG to the viral envelope glycoproteins after HIV-1 has engaged CD4 on the target cell membrane. The results identify hurdles in using CD4i epitopes as targets for antibody-mediated neutralization in vaccine design but also indicate that the CD4i regions could be efficiently targeted by small molecule entry inhibitors.
Abdominoplasty, Liposuction of the Flanks, and Obesity: Analyzing Risk Factors for Seroma Formation (2006)

Liposuction of the flanks in concert with abdominoplasty does not appear to increase the risk of seroma formation. Patients who are overweight or obese present a statistically significantly higher risk for developing seromas postoperatively than patients of normal weight.
3-Phosphoglycerate Phosphatase in Plants (1971)

Abstract 3-Phosphoglycerate phosphatase from sugarcane leaves (Saccharum) was purified 2530-fold to a specific activity of 740. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 160,000 by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. During electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate the protein divided into three or four subunits. The phosphatase was unstable above pH 7.5 but very stable from pH 4.5 to 6.5 at 4° or -18°. Optimal activity of the purified enzyme was at pH 5.9; the isoelectric point was at pH 6.5 to 6.8. The enzyme specificity was not absolute; however, 3-phosphoglycerate was the preferred substrate. The Michaelis constant for 3-phosphoglycerate was 2.8 x 10-4 m, and it was hydrolyzed stoichiometrically to glycerate and inorganic phosphate. No cofactors were required for activity, and the enzyme was stable in 1 mm ethylenediaminetetraacetate and other metal-complexing agents. The phosphatase was inhibited by 1 mm Zn++ and Cu++. Fluoride, l-(+)-tartrate, and molybdate gave typical phosphatase inhibition at 1 mm. Glycidol phosphate was not hydrolyzed by the phosphatase, but inhibited the enzyme irreversibly and competitively. Three phosphonic acid derivatives were slightly stimulatory and were not hydrolyzed by the enzyme.
NO reaction at surface oxygen vacancies generated in cerium oxide (1995)

NO adsorption on CeO2 pre-outgassed at different temperatures (Tv) has been studied by EPR and FTIR. The results are compared with those obtained by measuring the products of the reaction, performed at 323 K, between NO and CeO2 samples activated by previous heating under N2 flow. EPR results indicate that, for Tv 573 K, NO molecules are adsorbed in radical form at 77 K and react at 298 K with surface oxygen vacancies generating diamagnetic products. FTIR spectra show correspondingly the formation of hyponitrites, nitrites and nitrates upon NO adsorption at 298 K on CeO2 outgassed at different temperatures. The hyponitrites can decompose at ambient temperatures to produce N2O; the process leads to modification (probably reoxidation) of the surface centres initially present. This can be followed by O2 adsorption and EPR spectroscopy, which shows that O2– adsorbed on the modified vacancies is less stable than on CeO2 without NO adsorbed, its reaction leading in some cases to the formation of peroxynitrate-type radicals. The reaction at 323 K of NO on the pretreated CeO2 surface produced N2O for pretreatment temperatures TF 573 K, in amounts increasing with TF. The results indicate that surface centres containing associated oxygen vacancies are active sites for this process.
Identification of progastrin derived peptides in colorectal carcinoma extracts. (1993)

The possible production of gastrin by colorectal carcinomas has been studied. Extracts of 44 tumours and adjacent macroscopically normal tissue were examined in radioimmunoassay using the following antibodies: (i) L289 raised to a C-terminal fragment of progastrin which shows specificity for intact progastrin, but not the extreme C-terminal tryptic peptide; (ii) LW60 raised to a C-terminal fragment of progastrin which reacts with progastrin and its C-terminal tryptic peptide; (iii) 109-21 which was raised to, and reacts with, Gly-extended forms of heptadecapeptide gastrin--that is, biosynthetic intermediates on the pathway producing active gastrin; and (iv) L2 which reacts with amidated, biologically active gastrins. All samples contained detectable material in assays using LW60; in general, concentrations measured with this antibody were higher than with the other antibodies, and in particular there were higher concentrations in tumour compared with normal tissue extracts. Tumour extracts also contained higher concentrations of immunoreactivity compared with normal tissue, in assays using antibodies L289 and 109-21. In contrast, amidated gastrins were found in similar concentrations in tumour and normal tissue, and concentrations were the lowest of those recorded in the four assays. Separation on Sephadex G50 revealed peaks compatible with progastrin and its C-terminal flanking peptide, and two other peaks that are so far unidentified. In conclusion most colorectal carcinomas contain peptides derived from the gastrin precursor, progastrin, but for the most part these tumours do not convert progastrin into biologically active products.
Distancecut: Interactive Segmentation and Matting of Images and Videos (2007)

An interactive algorithm for soft segmentation and matting of natural images and videos is presented in this paper. The technique follows and extends Protiere et al. (2007), where the user first roughly scribbles/labels different regions of interest, and from them the whole data is automatically segmented. The segmentation and alpha matte are obtained from the fast, linear complexity, computation of weighted distances to the user-provided scribbles. These weighted distances assign probabilities to each labeled class for every pixel. The weights are derived from models of the image regions obtained from the user provided scribbles via kernel density estimation. The matting results follow from combining this density and the computed weighted distances. We present the underlying framework and examples showing the capability of the algorithm to segment and compute alpha mattes, in interactive real time, for difficult natural data.
Anti-free radical mechanisms in captopril protection against reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts. (1996)

These results suggest that cardioprotection by captopril, against ischemia-reperfusion injury, may involve an anti-free radical mechanism independent of its ACE inhibition property.
Angiogenesis and Tumor Metastasis (1998)

Angiogenesis, the recruitment of new blood vessels, is an essential component of the metastatic pathway. These vessels provide the principal route by which tumor cells exit the primary tumor site and enter the circulation. For many tumors, the vascular density can provide a prognostic indicator of metastatic potential, with the highly vascular primary tumors having a higher incidence of metastasis than poorly vascular tumors. Tumor angiogenesis is regulated by the production of angiogenic stimulators including members of the fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor families. In addition, tumors may activate angiogenic inhibitors such as angiostatin and endostatin that can modulate angiogenesis both at the primary site and at downstream sites of metastasis. The potential use of these and other natural and synthetic angiogenic inhibitors as anticancer drugs is currently under intense investigation. Such agents may have reduced toxicity and be less likely to generate drug resistance than conventional cytotoxic drugs. Clinical trials are now underway to develop optimum treatment strategies for antiangiogenic agents.
Scanning Probe-Based Frequency-Dependent Microrheology of Polymer Gels and Biological Cells (2000)

A new scanning probe-based microrheology approach is used to quantify the frequency-dependent viscoelastic behavior of both fibroblast cells and polymer gels. The scanning probe shape was modified using polystyrene beads for a defined surface area nondestructively deforming the sample. An extended Hertz model is introduced to measure the frequency-dependent storage and loss moduli even for thin cell samples. Control measurements of the polyacrylamide gels compare well with conventional rheological data. The cells show a viscoelastic signature similar to in vitro actin gels.
Development of novel tissue engineering scaffolds via electrospinning (2004)

Electrospinning has recently been developed as an efficient technique to develop polymeric nanofibres. Various synthetic and natural biodegradable polymers have been electrospun into fibres with diameters in the nanometre range (< 1 microm). The fibre diameter, structure and physical properties of the nanofibre matrices can be effectively tuned by controlling various parameters that affect the electrospinning process. The dimension and structure of electrospun polymeric nanofibre mats resembles mostly the collagen phase of natural extracellular matrix. This, combined with excellent physical properties such as high surface area, high porosity, interconnective pores of the nanofibre matrices and appropriate mechanical properties, well-controlled degradation rates and biocompatibility of the base polymer, make biodegradable polymeric nanofibre matrices ideal candidates for developing scaffolds for tissue engineering. This article reviews the recent advances in the development of synthetic biodegradable nanofibre-based matrices as scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Redox‐Flow Batteries: From Metals to Organic Redox‐Active Materials (2016)

Research on redox-flow batteries (RFBs) is currently experiencing a significant upturn, stimulated by the growing need to store increasing quantities of sustainably generated electrical energy. RFBs are promising candidates for the creation of smart grids, particularly when combined with photovoltaics and wind farms. To achieve the goal of "green", safe, and cost-efficient energy storage, research has shifted from metal-based materials to organic active materials in recent years. This Review presents an overview of various flow-battery systems. Relevant studies concerning their history are discussed as well as their development over the last few years from the classical inorganic, to organic/inorganic, to RFBs with organic redox-active cathode and anode materials. Available technologies are analyzed in terms of their technical, economic, and environmental aspects; the advantages and limitations of these systems are also discussed. Further technological challenges and prospective research possibilities are highlighted.
Potentiation of host-mediated antitumor activity by orally administered mushroom (Agaricus bispora) fruit bodies. (1988)

When tumor-bearing mice were given diet containing fruit bodies of mushroom (Agaricus bispora) (M-feed), the tumor growth was suppressed to 66.8% in the case of MM-46 carcinoma in C3H mice and to 53.2% in the case of IMC carcinoma in CDF1 mice. To elucidate the mechanism of this action, the effect of M-feed on the macrophages against syngeneic tumor cells was studied : it was found that the phagocytic activity was increased about 2.2 times and the cytotoxicity of macrophages was enhanced 1.4 times. The production of superoxide anion by macrophages from tumor-bearing mice was decreased in mice given the normal feed, while in mice maintained on the M-feed, it was increased by 1.3 times. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activities of lymphokine-activated killer cells and cytotoxic T cells were invreased 1.4 and 1.5 times, compared with their counterparts from mice fed on the mushroom-free diet. These results suggest that mushroom powder given orally acts not only by activation of various effector cells to attack tumor cells, but also by potentiating the cellular functions and preventing a decrease of immune functions of the tumor-bearing host.
Gene Expression Signature to Improve Prognosis Prediction of Stage II and III Colorectal Cancer (2010)

ColoPrint significantly improves the prognostic accuracy of pathologic factors and MSI in patients with stage II and III CRC and facilitates the identification of patients with stage II disease who may be safely managed without chemotherapy.