gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet Storage: An Assessment of the Requirements for Plasma and Oxygen (1981)

Platelets from several units of plasma were pooled, and then resuspended either as platelet concentrate (PC) (60 ml) or as platelet rich plasma (PRP) (220 ml) and followed during 72 hours of storage at 22 C. Aggregation, pH, and hypotonic shock response are better maintained in the larger volume of plasma. However the decreased pH and function in the PC is not the result of lactate production. While the relative concentration, expressed in mg/dl, is higher in the PC, the absolute production per platelet and, therefore, the total amount of lactate is higher in PRP. Glucose levels are always sufficiently high to permit glucose to be used as a metabolic substrate even after 72 hours. PC maintained in nitrogen have better in vitro function than do platelets stored either in oxygen or CO2. CO2 can easily diffuse through the plastic bag; the same is not true of oxygen. Less than 15 per cent of the volume of oxygen introduced into the bag passed out through the PVC plastic over a 72-hour period. The data suggest that during storage, anaerobic glycolysis is the preferred metabolic route. The relatively poor performance of the PC maybe the result of limitation of some unidentified substrate or cofactor which is present in plasma and which is necessary for maintaining function.
GaN MMIC technology for microwave and millimeter-wave applications (2005)

In this paper we demonstrate the merits of GaN MMIC technology for high bandwidth millimeter-wave power applications and for microwave robust LNA receiver applications. We report the development of a broadband two-stage microstrip Ka-band GaN MMIC power amplifier, with 15dB of flat small signal gain over the 27.5GHz to 34.5GHz frequency range and 4W of saturated output power at 28GHz, with a power added efficiency of 23.8%. This is to the best of our knowledge the best combination of output power, bandwidth and efficiency reported for a GaN MMIC in Ka-band frequency range. We also report a robust two-stage wideband (0.5GHz-12GHz) GaN LNA MMIC, which can survive 4W of incident input RF power in CW mode without input power protective circuitry. The presented LNA MMIC has, to the best of our knowledge, the best combination of NF, bandwidth, survivability and low power consumption reported to date in GaN technology.
Modeling Noisy Time Series: Physiological Tremor (1998)

Empirical time series often contain observational noise. We investigate the effect of this noise on the estimated parameters of models fitted to the data. For data of physiological tremor, i.e. a small amplitude oscillation of the outstretched hand of healthy subjects, we compare the results for a linear model that explicitly includes additional observational noise to one that ignores this noise. We discuss problems and possible solutions for nonlinear deterministic as well as nonlinear stochastic processes. Especially we discuss the state space model applicable for modeling noisy stochastic systems and Bock's algorithm capable for modeling noisy deterministic systems.
Distinctive serum protein profiles involving abundant proteins in lung cancer patients based upon antibody microarray analysis (2005)

Our results suggest that a distinctive serum protein profile involving abundant proteins may be observed in lung cancer patients relative to healthy subjects or patients with chronic disease and may have utility as part of strategies for detecting lung cancer.
The Synthesis of Novel 6‐Amido‐6‐Deoxy‐L‐Galactose Derivatives as Potent Sialyl Lewisx Mimetics (1996)

Activities twice as good as those of sialyl Lewisx are displayed by sialyl Lewisx mimetics such as 1 which are made up of an amino acid, a galactose amine, and a carboxylate-bearing side chain.
Trigeminal Neuralgia: Its Treatment with Two New Carbamazepine Analogues (1987)

The dihydroketo and dihydromonohydroxy analogues of carbamazepine (GP 47680 and GP 47779) were tested against carbamazepine for efficacy and tolerability in 13 patients (6 male and 7 female, mean age 69 years) and 11 patients (5 male and 6 female, mean age 64 years), respectively, all of whom were suffering from trigeminal neuralgia. Both derivatives brought about freedom from symptoms or a marked reduction in the pain in all patients. Onset of effect was observed within 48 h in most cases. For both analogues the effective dose was between 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight in most patients. There was a linear relationship, with a correlation coefficient of 0.83 (n = 36; p less than 0.001), between the doses and the serum level. Doses almost twice as high as those of carbamazepine are needed in order to achieve freedom from symptoms with the carbamazepine analogues. Since unwanted effects, in the form of dizziness and ataxia, occur much less frequently than with carbamazepine, the analogues can be administered in higher doses.
Conical circular waveguide with side-coupled rectangular ports analyzed by a hybrid mode-matching/method-of-moment technique (2005)

A hybrid mode-matching (MM)/method-of-moment (MoM) technique is presented for the rigorous analysis of the six-port junction of a conical circular waveguide with four side-coupled rectangular waveguides. The effects of the cone and of aperture curvature are rigorously taken into account. The advantage of the conical structure in comparison with its cylindrical counterpart includes achieving additional design potential, which can be applied e.g. for ortho-mode transducers (OMTs) of improved performance. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are verified by comparison with reference values.
Thyroid hormone regulates oxidative phosphorylation in the cerebral cortex and striatum of neonatal rats (2001)

We have previously shown that thyroid hormone (T(3)) regulates mitochondrial gene expression, morphology and transmembrane potential in the developing brain. Here, we have analysed the effect of thyroid hormone on mitochondrial function in different brain regions. For this purpose we have determined, in control, hypothyroid and T(3)-treated hypothyroid neonatal rats, the rate of oxidative phosphorylation in isolated mitochondria and the activity of the respiratory complexes in tissue homogenates. Our results showed a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation rate (only in the presence of NADH-generating substrates) and mitochondrial complexes I and III activity in the cerebral cortex and striatum of hypothyroid neonates, but not in the other areas analysed (hippocampus, cerebellum, thalamus, mid brain and brain stem). In parallel with mitochondrial activity, the levels of mitochondrially encoded transcripts were decreased only in the cerebral cortex and striatum of hypothyroid rats. The administration of T(3) corrected all these parameters. In summary, this study showed a down-regulation of mitochondrial gene expression accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial activity in the cerebral cortex and striatum of developing hypothyroid neonatal rats.
The matter of chance (1971)

This PDF file is made available by permission of Cambridge University Press. To order a hard copy, go to http://www.cambridge.org/0521615984
CD4+ and CD8+ T cell expansions using selected TCR V and J gene segments at the onset of giant cell arteritis (1994)

T lymphocytes expressing specific antigen receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of GCA.
PLASTIC AND STEEL FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE APPLICATIONS (1984)

The designed properties of concrete for the use of steel or plastic fiber reinforcement are discussed. The reasons for using fiber reinforcement are cited from experience and case histories at chemical plants in various locations in the United States. The implementation techniques and applications are about repairs and original work with fiberreinforced slabs, grade beams, and equipment and tower foundations. The benefits of using fiber reinforcement were realized in scheduling, economy, ease of placement, volume constraints, fire resistance, modulus of rupture, fatigue strength, skid resistance, durability, repairability, joint spacing, and deflection control. Histories have shown savings of 10 percent or more on projects bid against alternate designs with conventional reinforcement. Superplasticizer was vital in most cases to ease placement of the steel fiber-reinforced concrete. Field changes in some cases allowed no design changes to the concrete, and the performance has been better than expected with no adverse effects. These applications have highlighted the successful uses of plastic and steel fiber-reinforced concrete. However, there are risks from the lack of material design information that challenge the normal concrete codes and practices for design.
Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria (2005)

Secondary bile acids, produced solely by intestinal bacteria, can accumulate to high levels in the enterohepatic circulation of some individuals and may contribute to the pathogenesis of colon cancer, gallstones, and other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Bile salt hydrolysis and hydroxy group dehydrogenation reactions are carried out by a broad spectrum of intestinal anaerobic bacteria, whereas bile acid 7-dehydroxylation appears restricted to a limited number of intestinal anaerobes representing a small fraction of the total colonic flora. Microbial enzymes modifying bile salts differ between species with respect to pH optima, enzyme kinetics, substrate specificity, cellular location, and possibly physiological function. Crystallization, site-directed mutagenesis, and comparisons of protein secondary structure have provided insight into the mechanisms of several bile acid-biotransforming enzymatic reactions. Molecular cloning of genes encoding bile salt-modifying enzymes has facilitated the understanding of the genetic organization of these pathways and is a means of developing probes for the detection of bile salt-modifying bacteria. The potential exists for altering the bile acid pool by targeting key enzymes in the 7alpha/beta-dehydroxylation pathway through the development of pharmaceuticals or sequestering bile acids biologically in probiotic bacteria, which may result in their effective removal from the host after excretion.
Immune Versus Natural Selection: Antibody Aldolases with Enzymic Rates But Broader Scope (1997)

Structural and mechanistic studies show that when the selection criteria of the immune system are changed, catalytic antibodies that have the efficiency of natural enzymes evolve, but the catalytic antibodies are much more accepting of a wide range of substrates. The catalytic antibodies were prepared by reactive immunization, a process whereby the selection criteria of the immune system are changed from simple binding to chemical reactivity. This process yielded aldolase catalytic antibodies that approximated the rate acceleration of the natural enzyme used in glycolysis. Unlike the natural enzyme, however, the antibody aldolases catalyzed a variety of aldol reactions and decarboxylations. The crystal structure of one of these antibodies identified the reactive lysine residue that was selected in the immunization process. This lysine is deeply buried in a hydrophobic pocket at the base of the binding site, thereby accounting for its perturbed pKa.
Inhibition of Na+/H+ Antiport Activity in Sugar Beet Tonoplast by Analogs of Amiloride (1987)

The effects of amiloride and a series of amiloride analogs have been tested on the Na(+)/H(+) antiport activity in intact vacuoles and tonoplast vesicles isolated from sugar beet cell suspension cultures. There is a competitive interaction between amiloride analogs and sodium. Substitution of one or both H-atoms of the 5-amino group of amiloride (apparent K(i) about 150 micromolar) resulted in a 3- to 200-fold increase in inhibitory potency of the antiport activity.
Role of Transforming Growth Factor- in Tissue Injury and Repair (1997)

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) belongs to a family of multifunctional polypeptides which regulate normal cell growth, development, and tissue remodeling following injury. The ability of cells to produce TGFβ or to respond to this growth factor via cell surface receptors is highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom. TGFβ is a potent growth inhibitor of many normal and transformed cell lines; abnormalities in TGFβ signaling have been linked to tumorigenicity. Disruption of the TGFβ1 gene in utero produces a wasting syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation, suggesting that this growth factor plays an important role in limiting the inflammatory response. TGFβ is a dominant mediator of the pathologic extracellular matrix accumulation that characterizes progression of tissue injury to end-stage organ failure. Recent studies directed towards characterization of the TGFβ genes, dissection of the mechanisms by which TGFβs are produced and activated, and identification of TGFβ signaling pathways have established the important roles that these family members play in cell and tissue homeostasis. In this overview, TGFβ structure-function relationships and their relevance to a few select models of tissue injury/wound repair are highlighted.
Regulation of Expansin Gene Expression Affects Growth and Development in Transgenic Rice Plants (2003)

To investigate the in vivo functions of expansins, we generated transgenic rice plants that express sense and antisense constructs of the expansin gene OsEXP4. In adult plants with constitutive OsEXP4 expression, 12% of overexpressors were taller and 88% were shorter than the average control plants, and most overexpressors developed at least two additional leaves. Antisense plants were shorter and flowered earlier than the average control plants. In transgenic plants with inducible OsEXP4 expression, we observed a close correlation between OsEXP4 protein levels and seedling growth. Coleoptile and mesocotyl length increased by up to 31 and 97%, respectively, in overexpressors, whereas in antisense seedlings, they decreased by up to 28 and 43%, respectively. The change in seedling growth resulted from corresponding changes in cell size, which in turn appeared to be a function of altered cell wall extensibility. Our results support the hypothesis that expansins are involved in enhancing growth by mediating cell wall loosening.
Characterization of the normal cardiac myofiber field in goat measured with MR-diffusion tensor imaging (2002)

Cardiac myofiber orientation is a crucial determinant of the distribution of myocardial wall stress. Myofiber orientation is commonly quantified by helix and transverse angles. Accuracy of reported helix angles is limited. Reported transverse angle data are incomplete. We measured cardiac myofiber orientation postmortem in five healthy goat hearts using magnetic resonance-diffusion tensor imaging. A novel local wall-bound coordinate system was derived from the characteristics of the fiber field. The transmural course of the helix angle corresponded to data reported in literature. The mean midwall transverse angle ranged from -12 +/- 4 degrees near the apex to +9.0 +/- 4 degrees near the base of the left ventricle, which is in agreement with the course predicted by Rijcken et al. (18) using a uniform load hypothesis. The divergence of the myofiber field was computed, which is a measure for the extent to which wall stress is transmitted through the myofiber alone. It appeared to be <0.07 mm(-1) throughout the myocardial walls except for the fusion sites between the left and right ventricles and the insertion sites of the papillary muscles.
Design and analysis of a CMOS SOS/SOI receiver for a radiation hard computer (2003)

Summary form only given. The design of a clock receiver with a high-capacitance output drive that required special layout considerations to obtain a high-speed input protection network is discussed. The receiver layout used a crossing poly pattern to reduce thermal hot spots and improve reliability. Also, the design ground rules for pulse current loading on the small-cross-section clock interconnect metallization lines were related to the DC current rating. Finally, by applying a weak forward bias to the body of the NFET of a ratioed CMOS inverter, it was possible to realize a more ideal TTL buffer with respect to switch point and temperature characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fabrication of burst pressure competent vascular grafts via electrospinning: Effects of microstructure (2008)

In this work, electrospun tubes of interest for vascular tissue engineering were fabricated and evaluated for burst pressure and suture retention strength (SRS) in the same context as tensile strength providing a direct, novel comparison. Tubes could be fabricated displaying average burst pressures up to 4000 mmHg--well above the standard of 2000 mmHg--and SRS values matching those of relevant natural tissues. Surprisingly, highly oriented fiber and maximal tensile properties are not absolutely necessary to attain clinically adequate burst pressures. The ability to resist bursting is clearly related to both initial solution solids loading and electrospinning deposition time. We make novel in situ observations of the relative microstructural characteristics of failure during bursting, and connect this to the conditions used to fabricate the graft. Processes typically thought to promote fiber alignment are, in fact, highly condition-dependent and do not always provide superior properties. In fact, electrospun structures displaying no discernable alignment could achieve burst pressures regarded clinically sufficient. The properties of individual electrospun fiber clearly do not fully dictate macroscale properties. Normal background levels of point bonding are enhanced by increased rotational speeds, and can have effects on properties more dominant than those of alignment.
2-{3-[4-(Alkylsulfinyl)phenyl]-1-benzofuran-5-yl}-5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β with Good Brain Permeability (2009)

Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) inhibition is expected to be a promising therapeutic approach for treating Alzheimer's disease. Previously we reported a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potent and highly selective GSK-3beta inhibitors, however, the representative compounds 1a,b showed poor pharmacokinetic profiles. Efforts were made to address this issue by reducing molecular weight and lipophilicity, leading to the identification of oxadiazole derivatives containing a sulfinyl group, (S)-9b and (S)-9c. These compounds exhibited not only highly selective and potent inhibitory activity against GSK-3beta but also showed good pharmacokinetic profiles including favorable BBB penetration. In addition, (S)-9b and (S)-9c given orally to mice significantly inhibited cold water stress-induced tau hyperphosphorylation in mouse brain.
REVIEWS (1991)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Planning Law and Procedure , By MICHAEL PURDUE , ERIC YOUNG and JEREMY ROWAN-ROBINSON [ London , Butterworths Law Publishers Ltd , 601 pp, Hardback £60 net]. Brian Greenwood Brian Greenwood Norton Rose, Planning and Environmental Law GroupLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Environmental Law, Volume 3, Issue 1, 1991, Pages 163–166, https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/3.1.163 Published: 01 March 1991
CREB binding protein acts synergistically with steroid receptor coactivator-1 to enhance steroid receptor-dependent transcription. (1996)

Steroid receptors are ligand-regulated transcription factors that require coactivators for efficient activation of target gene expression. The binding protein of cAMP response element binding protein (CBP) appears to be a promiscuous coactivator for an increasing number of transcription factors and the ability of CBP to modulate estrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PR)-dependent transcription was therefore examined. Ectopic expression of CBP or the related coactivator, p300, enhanced ER transcriptional activity by up to 10-fold in a receptor- and DNA-dependent manner. Consistent with this, the 12S E1A adenoviral protein, which binds to and inactivates CBP, inhibited ER transcriptional activity, and exogenous CBP was able to partially overcome this effect. Furthermore, CBP was able to partially reverse the ability of active ER to squelch PR-dependent transcription, indicating that CBP is a common coactivator for both receptors and that CBP is limiting within these cells. To date, the only other coactivator able to significantly stimulate receptor-dependent transcription is steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1). Coexpression of CBP and SRC-1 stimulated ER and PR transcriptional activity in a synergistic manner and indicated that these two coactivators are not functional homologues. Taken together, these data suggest that both CBP and SRC-1 may function in a common pathway to efficiently activate target gene expression.
Observed universality of phase transitions in high-dimensional geometry, with implications for modern data analysis and signal processing (2009)

We review connections between phase transitions in high-dimensional combinatorial geometry and phase transitions occurring in modern high-dimensional data analysis and signal processing. In data analysis, such transitions arise as abrupt breakdown of linear model selection, robust data fitting or compressed sensing reconstructions, when the complexity of the model or the number of outliers increases beyond a threshold. In combinatorial geometry, these transitions appear as abrupt changes in the properties of face counts of convex polytopes when the dimensions are varied. The thresholds in these very different problems appear in the same critical locations after appropriate calibration of variables. These thresholds are important in each subject area: for linear modelling, they place hard limits on the degree to which the now ubiquitous high-throughput data analysis can be successful; for robustness, they place hard limits on the degree to which standard robust fitting methods can tolerate outliers before breaking down; for compressed sensing, they define the sharp boundary of the undersampling/sparsity trade-off curve in undersampling theorems. Existing derivations of phase transitions in combinatorial geometry assume that the underlying matrices have independent and identically distributed Gaussian elements. In applications, however, it often seems that Gaussianity is not required. We conducted an extensive computational experiment and formal inferential analysis to test the hypothesis that these phase transitions are universal across a range of underlying matrix ensembles. We ran millions of linear programs using random matrices spanning several matrix ensembles and problem sizes; visually, the empirical phase transitions do not depend on the ensemble, and they agree extremely well with the asymptotic theory assuming Gaussianity. Careful statistical analysis reveals discrepancies that can be explained as transient terms, decaying with problem size. The experimental results are thus consistent with an asymptotic large-n universality across matrix ensembles; finite-sample universality can be rejected.