gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nerve growth factor-induced fiber outgrowth from isolated rat adrenal chromaffin cells: impairment by glucocorticoids. (1978)

Addition of nerve growth factor to cultures of dissociated rat adrenal medullary cells caused fiber outgrowth from chromaffin cells. These fibers exhibited all the characteristics of neurites, particularly the formation of typical growth cones exhibiting intense catecholamine-specific fluorescence. Because this nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth could be abolished by physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids, it is concluded that the high glucocorticoid concentrations normally present in the adrenal medulla prevent the fiber outgrowth from medullary chromaffin cells in vivo. In dissociated sympathetic neurons the same concentrations of glucocorticoids markedly reduce but do not completely abolish neuronal fiber outgrowth.
Lactoferrin Inhibits Bacillus cereus Growth and Heme Analogs Recover Its Growth. (1999)

The growth of Bacillus cereus was markedly inhibited by the addition of lactoferrin and was recovered by the addition of FeCl3. The growth inhibition was also reversed by the addition of erythrocytes and hemoglobin. B. cereus can use heme or heme-protein complex (hemoglobin-haptoglobin and hematin-albumin complexes) as iron sources in iron deficient conditions. Therefore, B. cereus uses these heme or heme-protein complexes to prevent the growth inhibition of lactoferrin in vivo.
Immunity to Methylcholanthrene-Induced Sarcomas (1957)

Journal Article Immunity to Methylcholanthrene-Induced Sarcomas Get access Richmond T. Prehn, Richmond T. Prehn National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joan M. Main Joan M. Main National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 18, Issue 6, June 1957, Pages 769–778, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/18.6.769 Published: 01 June 1957 Article history Received: 28 January 1957 Published: 01 June 1957
Phosphorylation-dependent epitopes of neurofilament antibodies on tau protein and relationship with Alzheimer tau. (1992)

We have studied the phosphorylation of tau protein from Alzheimer paired helical filaments, of tau from normal human brain, and of recombinant tau isoforms. As a tool we used monoclonal antibodies against neurofilament protein [Sternberger, N., Sternberger, L. & Ulrich, J. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 4274-4276] that crossreact with tau in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. This allowed us to deduce the state of phosphorylation in normal and pathological tau, as well as antibody epitopes. The epitope of antibody SMI33 is at the first Lys-Ser-Pro sequence motif (residues 234-236) and requires an unphosphorylated Ser-235. Antibody SMI31 binds between Ser-396 (in the second Lys-Ser-Pro motif) and Ser-404, both of which must be phosphorylated. SMI34 has a conformational epitope that depends on the interaction between regions on either side of the microtubule-binding region; it also requires phosphorylation. The phosphorylatable serines detected by the SMI antibodies are part of Ser-Pro motifs and can be phosphorylated by a protein kinase activity that can be used to induce a paired helical filament-like state in human brain tau in vitro. The phosphates are incorporated in several stages that can be identified by antibody reactivity and gel shift. This suggests a role for the phosphorylation sites in Alzheimer disease, as well as the involvement of a Ser-Pro-directed protein kinase.
Eigenfunction contrast source inversion for circular metallic enclosures (2010)

The microwave imaging problem is considered where an object of interest is surrounded by a circular metallic enclosure. A new contrast source inversion (CSI) algorithm which uses eigenfunction expansions of the unknowns is presented for the reconstruction of the complex dielectric profile. Orthonormal eigenfunction expansions associated with the Helmholtz operator for a homogeneous medium and Dirichlet boundary conditions are used for the unknown contrast source and the contrast functions in the CSI functional. These are also used to express the incident field, which is assumed known, as well as for expanding the inverse Helmholtz operator in the CSI functional. The imaging domain is taken to be the whole interior of the metallic enclosure. No prior information, other than keeping the permittivity profile physical, is used. Results are provided for synthetic as well as experimental data. Based on the number of eigenfunctions used, a theoretical limit to the reconstruction quality is defined. Normalized errors relative to this theoretical limit are provided for each of the synthetic data sets.
Biopump: Autologous skin-derived micro-organ genetically engineered to provide sustained continuous secretion of therapeutic proteins (2011)

A novel approach for sustained production of therapeutic proteins is described, using genetic modification of intact autologous micro-organ tissue explants from the subject's own skin. The skin-derived micro-organ can be maintained viable ex vivo for extended periods and is transduced with a transgene encoding a desired therapeutic protein, resulting in protein-secreting micro-organ (biopump (BP)). The daily protein production from each BP is quantified, enabling drug dosing by subcutaneous implantation of the requisite number of BPs into the patient to provide continuous production to the circulation of a known amount of the therapeutic protein. Each implanted BP remains localized and is accessible, to enable removal or ablation if needed. Examples from preclinical and clinical studies are presented, including use of associated virus vector 1 and helper-dependent adenoviral vectors producing BPs to provide long-term sustained secretion of recombinant interferon-α and erythropoietin.
Determining Light Dose for Photodynamic Therapy of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Yucatan Miniswine (1995)

Purpose: To determine the light dose required for photodynamic therapy of atherosclerotic lesions in the miniswine. Methods: Aortic atherosclerosis was created in seven Yucatan miniswine by a combination of balloon endothelial injury and 2% cholesterol and 15% lard for 7 weeks. Six animals received the photosensitizer Photofrin R 2.5 mg/kg, while an additional swine received no drug. After 24 hours, the abdominal aorta was exposed and the aorta opened longitudinally in each animal. Three 1-cm spots were illuminated with energy densities of 60, 120, and 240 J/cm 2 from an argon-pumped dye laser tuned to 630 nm with a laser output of 1 W. Four weeks later, the animals were killed, abdominal aortae removed, and intimal thickness determined by morphometry. Results: The percentage intimal thickness (mean ± SD) was 36.7 ± 27.1, 9.1 ± 5.0, and 6.4 ± 8.1 for the three energy densities, respectively. Although both 120 and 240 J/cm 2 energy densities produced significant (p &lt; 0.05) reduction in atheroma, considerable damage to the underlying media was also observed in the 240 J/cm 2 group. Conclusions: A Photofrin dose of 2.5 mg/kg and 120 J/cm 2 light are necessary for adequate ablation of atheroma while avoiding extensive medial damage.
The reduction potential of nitric oxide (NO) and its importance to NO biochemistry (2002)

A potential of about −0.8 (±0.2) V (at 1 M versus normal hydrogen electrode) for the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to its one-electron reduced species, nitroxyl anion ( 3 NO − ) has been determined by a combination of quantum mechanical calculations, cyclic voltammetry measurements, and chemical reduction experiments. This value is in accord with some, but not the most commonly accepted, previous electrochemical measurements involving NO. Reduction of NO to 1 NO − is highly unfavorable, with a predicted reduction potential of about −1.7 (±0.2) V at 1 M versus normal hydrogen electrode. These results represent a substantial revision of the derived and widely cited values of +0.39 V and −0.35 V for the NO/ 3 NO − and NO/ 1 NO − couples, respectively, and provide support for previous measurements obtained by electrochemical and photoelectrochemical means. With such highly negative reduction potentials, NO is inert to reduction compared with physiological events that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide. From these reduction potentials, the pKa of 3 NO − has been reevaluated as 11.6 (±3.4). Thus, nitroxyl exists almost exclusively in its protonated form, HNO, under physiological conditions. The singlet state of nitroxyl anion, 1 NO − , is physiologically inaccessible. The significance of these potentials to physiological and pathophysiological processes involving NO and O 2 under reductive conditions is discussed.
Interlaboratory reproducibility of yeast protein patterns analyzed by immobilized pH gradient two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (1995)

An interlaboratory comparison was conducted on the positional and quantitative reproducibility of yeast proteins resolved by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) using isoelectric focusing with immobilized pH gradient (pH 4-7) in the first dimension. The basic experimental set-up was as follows: one laboratory prepared and distributed a [35S]methionine-labeled total yeast protein extract (Göteborg, Sweden), another laboratory prepared the IPG strips to be used by all labs in this study (Munich, Germany), the third laboratory (Aarhus, Denmark) circulated the protocols and coordinated the modest attempts to unify them. Samples were run horizontally in the first dimension and vertically in the second. The gels were sent to Göteborg for processing by phosphoimager technology and computerized image analysis (PDQuest), and the 2-D PAGE resolved proteins were located and quantified automatically. A subset of 470 spots was manually matched in all gels out of an average of 1328 resolved proteins. The positional interlaboratory comparison revealed great pattern reproducibility, the correlation coefficient in no case being less than 0.9994. In absolute terms an average deviation of 2.8 mm (x-position) and 1.8 mm (y-position) were obtained for all nine gels (three gels per lab). The interlaboratory comparison of protein quantitation displayed higher variability, and the best correlation coefficient generated was 0.975. An average standard deviation of 34.5% was calculated for protein quantitation including all three labs, a value slightly higher than the intralaboratory variation (range 20-28%). Thus, despite differences in protocols, chemicals and equipment, the immobilized pH gradient technology gave extremely high positional and quantitative reproducibility. This will greatly facilitate the exchange of data and the establishment of multi-user image-based 2-D gel databases.
Hormonal and Metabolic Mechanisms of Diabetes Remission after Gastrointestinal Surgery (2009)

Bariatric surgery is the most effective available treatment for obesity. The most frequently performed operation, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), causes profound weight loss and ameliorates obesity-related comorbid conditions, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Approximately 84% of diabetic patients experience complete remission of T2DM after undergoing RYGB, often before significant weight reduction. The rapid time course and disproportional degree of T2DM improvement after RYGB compared with equivalent weight loss from other interventions suggest surgery-specific, weight-independent effects on glucose homeostasis. Potential mechanisms underlying the direct antidiabetic impact of RYGB include enhanced nutrient stimulation of lower intestinal hormones (e.g. glucagon-like peptide-1), altered physiology from excluding ingested nutrients from the upper intestine, compromised ghrelin secretion, modulations of intestinal nutrient sensing and regulation of insulin sensitivity, and other changes yet to be fully characterized. Research aimed at determining the relative importance of these effects and identifying additional mechanisms promises not only to improve surgical design but also to identify novel targets for diabetes medications.
Effect of N-Alkylbetaines on the Corrosion of Iron in 1 M HCl Solution (1993)

Using potentiodynamic and transient electrochemical methods and weight loss shows that N-alkylbetaines are good inhibitors of iron corrosion in HCl at concentrations around the critical micelle concentration (CMC). High corrosion inhibition is observed when medium pH value is lower than organic compound pKa. When the concentration is close to the CMC, the organic compounds operate on the anodic and cathodic process and a bimolecular layer is formed. The inhibiting effect is reduced with an increase of medium pH value. This is explained by the complexing of NaBr with the zwitterionic form of organic compounds.
Hydrogen peroxide is generated systemically in plant leaves by wounding and systemin via the octadecanoid pathway (1999)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated in response to wounding can be detected at wound sites and in distal leaf veins within 1 hr after wounding. The response is systemic and maximizes at about 4-6 hr in both wounded and unwounded leaves, and then declines. The timing of the response corresponds with an increase in wound-inducible polygalacturonase (PG) mRNA and enzyme activity previously reported, suggesting that oligogalacturonic acid (OGA) fragments produced by PG are triggering the H2O2 response. Systemin, OGA, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate (MJ) all induce the accumulation of H2O2 in leaves. Tomato plants transformed with an antisense prosystemin gene produce neither PG activity or H2O2 in leaves in response to wounding, implicating systemin as a primary wound signal. The antisense plants do produce both PG activity and H2O2 when supplied with systemin, OGA, chitosan, or MJ. A mutant tomato line compromised in the octadecanoid pathway does not exhibit PG activity or H2O2 in response to wounding, systemin, OGA, or chitosan, but does respond to MJ, indicating that the generation of H2O2 requires a functional octadecanoid signaling pathway. Among 18 plant species from six families that were assayed for wound-inducible PG activity and H2O2 generation, 14 species exhibited both wound-inducible PG activity and the generation of H2O2. Four species, all from the Fabaceae family, exhibited little or no wound-inducible PG activity and did not generate H2O2. The time course of wound-inducible PG activity and H2O2 in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves was similar to that found in tomato. The cumulative data suggest that systemic wound signals that induce PG activity and H2O2 are widespread in the plant kingdom and that the response may be associated with the defense of plants against both herbivores and pathogens.
Prognostic Value of Immunohistochemically Identifiable Tumor Cells in Lymph Nodes of Patients with Completely Resected Esophageal Cancer (1997)

Immunohistochemical examination of lymph nodes may improve the pathological staging of esophageal cancer.
Renal, retinal and cardiac changes in type 2 diabetes are attenuated by macitentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist (2012)

These experiments confirmed that ET system plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic complications in type 2 diabetes. Such diabetes induced changes can be reduced macitentan therapy.
Observation of the Noncovalent Quaternary Associations of Proteins by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTObservation of the Noncovalent Quaternary Associations of Proteins by Electrospray Ionization Mass SpectrometryKaren J. Light-Wahl, Brenda L. Schwartz, and Richard D. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 12, 5271–5278Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00091a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00091a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views837Altmetric-Citations260LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Block-Matching Algorithm Based on Dynamic Search Window Adjustment (1997)

Dynamic search window adjustment for block-matching algorithm(BMA) based on the block similarity to overcome the computational complexity of full search BMA is presented. The proposed method for adjustment of the size of search window is performed with three steps:(1)Set new search origin based on block similarity anddisplacedblock difference(DBD), as a displacement of the block which has smaller DBD between the zero displaced and the displaced as much as adjacent block&amp;apos;s motion vector that has maximum block similarity. (2)Adjust the size of search window in inverse proportion to block similarity, and (3)Update the thresholds for accommodation to a given image sequence. The technique can be easily applied for full search BMA or several fast search algorithms such as TSS, NTSS, OTS, PHODS, etc. to get more efficiency and less falling into local-minimum. Experimental results show that the proposed technique has good performance in terms of the number of matching blocks, and sum of absolu...
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Basal Microvascular Tone in Humans In Vivo (2008)

Basal forearm blood flow in humans is regulated by nNOS-derived NO, in contrast to the acetylcholine-stimulated increase in blood flow, which, as shown previously, is mediated primarily by eNOS. These data indicate that vascular nNOS has a distinct local role in the physiological regulation of human microvascular tone in vivo.
Biomass Composition of Blue Mussels, Mytilus edulis, is Affected by Living Site and Species of Ingested Microalgae (2012)

We have investigated changes in specific contents of protein, glycogen and lipid, and fatty acids of blue mussels, Mytilus edulis , under different conditions in the field and in laboratory feeding experiments using different microalgae. Specific contents of glycogen and lipid increased in mussels relocated to net bags at a location in Kerteminde Bay (Great Belt, Denmark) in contrast to mussels relocated to a location in Sallingsund (Limfjorden, Denmark). The polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, reached 3 times higher values in the mussels in Kerteminde Bay. Mussels fed pure cultures of Crypthecodinium cohnii , which is rich in the polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and glycogen, gained the highest specific contents of this fatty acid and glycogen. Mussels feeding on the most protein rich of the microalgae, Bracteacoccus sp., gained the highest protein contents. The specific glycogen content of the mussels was influenced by their “condition” (body dry weight/shell length ratio) while specific protein and lipid contents were not. Starvation affected mainly the specific glycogen content. These results show that biomass composition of blue mussels is affected by living site and local phytoplankton species and that the fatty acids composition of mussels reflects the content of fatty acids in the diet.
Allergic diseases and asthma in relation to serum immunoglobulins and salivary immunoglobulin A in pre‐school children: a follow‐up community‐based study (2005)

Allergic manifestations in predisposed children may be influenced by the rate of maturation of immunological components that counteract sensitization or inhibit effector mechanisms of allergy.
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I envelope protein maturation process: requirements for syncytium formation (1992)

The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) envelope protein is synthesized as a gp61 precursor product cleaved into two mature proteins, a gp45 exterior protein and a gp20 anchoring the envelope at the cell membrane. Using N-glycosylation inhibitors and site-directed mutagenesis of the potential glycosylation sites, we have studied the HTLV-I envelope intracellular maturation requirements for syncytium formation. We show here that experimental conditions resulting in the absence of precursor cleavage (tunicamycin, monensin treatments, and use of inhibitors of the reticulum steps of the N glycosylations) also result in no cell surface expression of envelope protein. The lack of syncytium formation observed in these cases is thus explained by incorrect intracellular transport. When the precursor is cleaved in the Golgi stack (no treatment or treatment with inhibitors of the Golgi steps of the N glycosylations), it is transported to the cell surface in all the cases examined. Syncytium formation is markedly reduced, however, when Golgi glycosylations are incorrect, which shows that the sugar moieties are involved in the envelope functions. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrates that each of the five potential glycosylation sites is actually glycosylated. Glycosylation of sites 1 and 5 is required for normal maturation, whereas that of sites 2, 3, and 4 is dispensable. Glycosylation of each site, however, is required for normal syncytium formation. Altogether, the restraints exerted by the cell for the HTLV-I envelope to be transported and functional are very high, which might play a role in the observed conservation of the envelope amino acid sequence between various strains.
RNA landscape of evolution for optimal exon and intron discrimination (2008)

Accurate pre-mRNA splicing requires primary splicing signals, including the splice sites, a polypyrimidine tract, and a branch site, other splicing-regulatory elements (SREs). The SREs include exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs), exonic splicing silencers (ESSs), intronic splicing enhancers (ISEs), and intronic splicing silencers (ISSs), which are typically located near the splice sites. However, it is unclear to what extent splicing-driven selective pressure constrains exonic and intronic sequences, especially those distant from the splice sites. Here, we studied the distribution of SREs in human genes in terms of DNA strand-asymmetry patterns. Under a neutral evolution model, each mononucleotide or oligonucleotide should have a symmetric (Chargaff's second parity rule), or weakly asymmetric yet uniform, distribution throughout a pre-mRNA transcript. However, we found that large sets of unbiased, experimentally determined SREs show a distinct strand-asymmetry pattern that is inconsistent with the neutral evolution model, and reflects their functional roles in splicing. ESEs are selected in exons and depleted in introns and vice versa for ESSs. Surprisingly, this trend extends into deep intronic sequences, accounting for one third of the genome. Selection is detectable even at the mononucleotide level, so that the asymmetric base compositions of exons and introns are predictive of ESEs and ESSs. We developed a method that effectively predicts SREs based on strand asymmetry, expanding the current catalog of SREs. Our results suggest that human genes have been optimized for exon and intron discrimination through an RNA landscape shaped during evolution.