gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical pharmacokinetics of doxazosin in a controlled‐release gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) formulation (1999)

The GITS formulation of doxazosin enhances the pharmacokinetic profile compared with doxazosin standard, allowing more gradual absorption of doxazosin, and a reduced plasma doxazosin peak-to-trough concentration ratio. Thus, doxazosin GITS therapy can be initiated at a therapeutic dose of 4 mg with reduced haemodynamic side-effects.
Fingerprint of Mud Losses into Natural or Induced Fractures (2011)

Abstract Lost circulation in fractured formations is one of the drilling's biggest expenses in terms of non-productive time (NPT), unit mud cost and safety issues. The severity and persistence of losses are to a large extent determined by the type of formation into which the fluid is being lost. It is imperative to identify whether the losses are to natural or induced fractures as losses into naturally fractured rocks require different treatments than those into drilling induced fractures. One way of identifying the type of the fracture is by image logs which are very local and limited to conductive muds, so still in their infancy and have yet to gain wide acceptance. An alternative way is possible by looking into flow behavior of mud losses (flow in/out) and associated downhole pressure response (PWD data). This work presents an analytical formulation describing mud losses in drilling induced fractures based on which the volume and rate of losses in an induced fracture are quantified in terms of fluid properties, fracture parameters and operational conditions. Comparison between the predicted mud losses into induced and natural fractures indicates that much higher pressure sensitivity is anticipated during mud losses into induced fractures. Hence, the pressure sensitivity analysis can be used as a means to distinguish between the losses into natural and induced fractures. Once the fracture type is identified, the fracture parameters (hydraulic width or compliance) can be estimated by analyzing mud loss data. As the outcome of this study, guidelines are provided for the best practices to be used for prevention and control of lost circulation.
pH-sensitive drug-delivery Systems for Tumor Targeting (2013)

Drug-delivery system responses to stimuli have been well investigated recently. As pH decrease is observed in most solid tumors, drug-delivery systems responsive to the slightly acidic extracellular pH environment of solid tumors have been developed as a general strategy for tumor targeting. Drug vehicles that are sensitive to acidic endosome/lysosome pH have been constructed for efficient drug release in tumor cells. This review explains the mechanisms of acidic pH in the tumor microenvironment and endocytic-related organelles, endosomes and lysosomes. Nanoparticle responses to acidic extracellular pH are discussed, along with approaches for improving tumor-specific therapy. Endosome/lysosome pH-triggered vehicles are reviewed, which achieve rapid drug release in tumor cells and overcome multidrug resistance.
Vesicular stomatitis virus as a flexible platform for oncolytic virotherapy against cancer (2012)

Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is an emerging anti-cancer approach that utilizes viruses to preferentially infect and kill cancer cells, while not harming healthy cells. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a prototypic non-segmented, negative-strand RNA virus with inherent OV qualities. Antiviral responses induced by type I interferon pathways are believed to be impaired in most cancer cells, making them more susceptible to VSV than normal cells. Several other factors make VSV a promising OV candidate for clinical use, including its well-studied biology, a small, easily manipulated genome, relative independence of a receptor or cell cycle, cytoplasmic replication without risk of host-cell transformation, and lack of pre-existing immunity in humans. Moreover, various VSV-based recombinant viruses have been engineered via reverse genetics to improve oncoselectivity, safety, oncotoxicity and stimulation of tumour-specific immunity. Alternative delivery methods are also being studied to minimize premature immune clearance of VSV. OV treatment as a monotherapy is being explored, although many studies have employed VSV in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy or other OVs. Preclinical studies with various cancers have demonstrated that VSV is a promising OV; as a result, a human clinical trial using VSV is currently in progress.
[Clinical study on treatment of HIV infected persons based on viral load detection and CD4+ T lymphocyte counting]. (2002)

The authors conclude that the viral load and CD4+ count are efficient methods in clinical evaluation of HIV treatment, especially in routine anti-HIV therapy. As for the chinese herbs treatment, these two monitors did not reflect changes in clinical status.
Biochemical Identification of Citrobacter Species Defined by DNA Hybridization and Description of Citrobacter gillenii sp. nov. (Formerly Citrobacter Genomospecies 10) and Citrobacter murliniae sp. nov. (Formerly Citrobacter Genomospecies 11) (1999)

Recent work describing six named species and two unnamed genomospecies within Citrobacter has enlarged the genus to 11 species. DNA relatedness and phenotypic tests were used to determine how well these species can be identified. One hundred thirty-six strains were identified to species level by DNA relatedness and then identified phenotypically in a blinded fashion. By using conventional tests, 119 of the 136 strains (88%) were correctly identified to species level. Three additional strains (2%) were identified as citrobacteria but were not identified to species level, and 14 strains (10%) were misidentified as other Citrobacter species. Carbon source utilization tests were used to identify 86 of the strains. Eighty-four strains (98%) were correctly identified, and two strains (2%) were misidentified as other Citrobacter species. Additional strains of Citrobacter genomospecies 10 and Citrobacter genomospecies 11 were identified, allowing these species to be formally named as Citrobacter gillenii sp. nov. and Citrobacter murliniae sp. nov., respectively.
Adaptive and competitive strategies of red tide algae (2005)

Life strategies of red tide algae play the considerable roles in the occurrence of red tides. During long periods of natural evolvement, various life strategies have been developed to withstand the changes of environment. To survive during cold winters or nutrient-depleted periods, the red tide algae form cysts under unfavorable conditions and germinate when the environment favors. Dinoflagellates can swim or secret mucus to dampen turbulence, even to affect the microenvironment surrounding the cells of harmful algae. The red tide algae can employ differnt trophic straegies, such as autotrophy, heterotrophy and mixtrophy, which might give us a new understanding about the relationship between HABs and eutrophication. Certain species of blue-green algae can co-exist with bacteria and virus. Toxic algae might benefit through inhibiting grazers or allelopathy. Finally, we argue that differences of some life strategies of the red tide algae might be partly caused by their different morphological characteristics.
Furosemide and Mannitol Suppression of Epileptic Activity in the Human Brain (2005)

Most research on basic mechanisms of epilepsy and the design of new antiepileptic drugs has focused on synaptic transmission or action potential generation. However, a number of laboratory studies have suggested that nonsynaptic mechanisms, such as modulation of electric field interactions via the extracellular space (ECS), might also contribute to neuronal hypersynchrony and epileptogenicity. To date, a role for nonsynaptic modulation of epileptic activity in the human brain has not been investigated. Here we studied the effects of molecules that modulate the volume and water content of the ECS on epileptic activity in patients suffering from neocortical and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Electrophysiological and optical imaging data were acquired from the exposed cortices of anesthetized patients undergoing surgical treatment for intractable epilepsy. Patients were given a single intravenous injection containing either 20 mg furosemide (a cation-chloride cotransporter antagonist) or 50 g mannitol (an osmolyte). Furosemide and mannitol both significantly suppressed spontaneous epileptic spikes and electrical stimulation-evoked epileptiform discharges in all subjects, completely blocking all epileptic activity in some patients without suppressing normal electroencephalographic activity. Optical imaging suggested that the spread of electrical stimulation-evoked activity over the cortex was significantly reduced by these treatments, but the magnitude of neuronal activation near the stimulating electrode was not diminished. These results suggest that nonsynaptic mechanisms play a critical role in modulating the epileptogenicity of the human brain. Furosemide and other drugs that modulate the ECS might possess clinically useful antiepileptic properties, while avoiding the side effects associated with the suppression of neuronal excitability.
Using MORRPH in an industrial machine vision system (1996)

This paper describes the use of the MORRPH board (an FPGA-based CCM) in an industrial machine vision system. The system is designed to solve the color sorting problem in the furniture manufacturing industry. This entails classifying wooden samples (staves) into one of several predetermined color classes, so that all members of a particular class "match". In this system, two MORRPH boards are used to perform the "early" processing, including: field-of-view operators, light-intensity monitoring, shading correction background extraction, color-quantization, gray-scale channel generation, and histogram generation. This functionality utilizes the following MORRPH board features: open support sockets are filled with various SRAMs depending on necessary requirements, functionality is time-multiplexed by reprogramming the FPGAs, one of three I/O Busses is used for high-bandwidth input of color camera data, the ISA Bus interface is used for low-bandwidth output of histogram data, user-programmable ports allow simple modification of operating parameters. The use of two MORRPH boards to perform the early processing provides almost 200 times the overall system throughput when compared to a system that used two 486-based PCs to perform the "early" processing.
Enzymically amplified time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay with terbium chelates (1992)

We report an ultrasensitive, enzymatically amplified, time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay with a terbium chelate as the detectable moiety. In this immunoassay, the primary label is the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). ALP cleaves phosphate out of a fluorogenic substrate, 5-fluorosalicyl phosphate, to produce 5-fluorosalicylic acid (FSA). 5-Fluorosalicylic acid can then form a highly fluorescent ternary complex of the form FSA-Tb(3+)-EDTA, which can be quantified by measuring the Tb3+ fluorescence in a time-resolved mode. In this assay, exceptional sensitivity is achieved because of the enzymatic amplification introduced by ALP and the quantification by laser-induced microsecond time-resolved fluorometry. Time-resolved fluorometry is applicable because of the long fluorescence lifetime of the Tb3+ complexes. It is shown that in a model AFP assay 10(6) or 1.5 x 10(5) molecules can be detected (final assay volume, 100 microL) by using monoclonal or polyclonal detection antibodies, respectively. The assay demonstrates excellent precision (approximately 4%), and it seems to be highly suited for automated, sensitive, and rapid immunoassays.
The Effect of Telepharmacy Counseling on Metered-Dose Inhaler Technique among Adolescents with Asthma in Rural Arkansas (2001)

The increased prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and health costs associated with asthma among children suggest the need for accessible asthma education. This study examined the effect of telepharmacy counseling, using interactive compressed video, on metered-dose inhaler (MDI) technique and patient satisfaction among adolescents with asthma in rural Arkansas. The telepharmacy counseling provided accessible education regarding MDI technique for adolescents in this study. Twenty percent of the adolescents who participated had never been shown the appropriate use of an MDI. The study used an experimental design with random assignment of participants to a telepharmacy counseling group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 21). Both groups participated in pre-test, post-test, and 2- to 4-week follow-up assessments for MDI technique and patients satisfaction (follow-up assessment only) via interactive compressed video. Results indicated that from pre-test to follow-up the telepharmacy counseling group showed more improvement in MDI technique than participants in the control group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the telepharmacy counseling group and control group in satisfaction with the instructional sessions (p = 0.132). Both groups had high levels of satisfaction with the telepharmacy sessions. The study findings demonstrated that patient education provided by pharmacists via interactive compressed video was superior to education provided via written instructions on an inhaler package insert. Interactive compressed video is an effective medium for teaching and improving MDI technique in this rural, adolescent, predominantly African-American population.
IGF2BP3-mediated translation in cell protrusions promotes cell invasiveness and metastasis of pancreatic cancer (2014)

Pancreatic cancers are aggressive because they are highly invasive and highly metastatic; moreover, effective treatments for aggressive pancreatic cancers are lacking. Here, we report that IGF2BP3 promoted the invasiveness and metastasis of pancreatic cancers through locally translated IGF2BP3-bound transcripts. In neural cells, transcripts sorted into cytoplasmic RNA granules are transported to dendrites and translated in these dendrites, thereby mediating long-term synaptic plasticity; however, such cytoplasmic RNA granules are not known to contribute to the progression of pancreatic cancer. We show evidence that IGF2BP3 and IGF2BP3-bound transcripts are localized in cytoplasmic RNA granules that accumulate in membrane protrusions of pancreatic cancer cells. Specific IGF2BP3-bound transcripts-ARF6 and ARHGEF4-that are preferentially translated in membrane protrusions induce further formation of membrane protrusions; consequently, IGF2BP3 promotes cell invasiveness and tumor metastasis. Our results provide insight into the link between regulation of localized translation in cell protrusions and the invasiveness and metastasis of pancreatic cancers. New therapies that prevent local translation in cell protrusions may hold significant clinical promise.
Effect of short-term infusion of recombinant human relaxin on blood pressure in the late-pregnant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). (1994)

Intravenous infusion of up to 2.0 mg recombinant human relaxin/kg in conscious pregnant rhesus monkeys had no effect on maternal cardiovascular indices or fetal heart rate.
Pharyngitis in Adults: The Presence and Coexistence of Viruses and Bacterial Organisms (1989)

Because 19 patients were infected with the Chlamydia species strain TWAR and M. pneumoniae, and 24 patients were infected with beta-hemolytic streptococci, the diagnostic procedures and therapies for adult patients with pharyngitis need to be reconsidered. The results of our study also confirm earlier suggestions that the Chlamydia species strain TWAR alone is a causative agent for pharyngitis in adults.
A Case–Control Study for Clinical and Molecular Biological Differences Between Hepatitis B Viruses of Genotypes B and C (2001)

Clinical and molecular virological differences were evaluated in 50 Japanese patients chronically infected with HBV of genotype B and C who were matched for age and sex as well as the severity of liver disease in a case-control study. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was significantly less frequent (16% vs. 42%, P <.01), whereas antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe) was significantly more common (84% vs. 56%, P <. 01) in genotype B than C patients. The predominance of mutants with G-to-A mutation at nucleotide (nt) 1896 in the precore region (A1896) over the wild-type was comparable between genotype B and C patients (60% and 62%, respectively), and it correlated with anti-HBe. The double mutation in the basic core promoter (A-to-T at nt 1762 and G-to-A at nt 1764), however, was significantly more frequent in genotype C than B patients (58% vs. 16%, P <.01), and it did not correlate with anti-HBe or HBeAg. By the multiple logistic regression analysis, the double mutation in the basic core promoter (T1762/A1764) was significantly associated with genotype C [odds ratio (OR), 9.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.4-25.1]], age > or = 35 years (OR, 5.5; CI, 1.5-20.5), and more advanced liver disease (OR, 4.1; CI, 1.6-10.2), but it was not associated with sex, HBeAg, HBV DNA, or the precore mutation (A1896). These results suggest a role of the double mutation in the basic core promoter in association with genotype C and a longer duration of infection in the aggravation of chronic hepatitis B.
A study to determine the existence of an Azeotropic R-22 'Drop-In' substitute (1996)

The reduction in chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) production and the scheduled phase-out of these ozone depleting refrigerants requires the development and determination of environmentally safe refrigerants for use in heat pumps, water chillers, air conditioners, and refrigerators. Azeotropic mixtures are attractive as alternative refrigerants because they behave very nearly as pure materials. A simple correlative scheme that allows one to judge whether or not an azeotrope is likely in a binary refrigerant mixture is discussed. This paper presents laboratory and computer simulation model evaluation of two of the azeotropic refrigerant mixtures which are identified, HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) with R-C290 (Propane) and HFC-134a with R-600a (Isobutane), in a generic heat pump apparatus. A third azeotropes mixture, HFC-134a with R-C290 (Cyclopropane) is examined by computer simulation only.
A Family-Based Approach to the Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in Children at Risk: Evidence of Parental and Child Change (2003)

We enrolled families with relatively healthy children, administered carefully designed preventive interventions that are manual-based and relatively brief, and found that these programs do have long-standing positive effects in how families problem solve around parental illness. Our results show significant benefits from both interventions. Moreover, changes in parents' perceptions translated directly into changes in children's own understanding of parental illness. Parental behavior and attitude changes and their connection to child changes in understanding identify an important mediating variable: family change. By increasing children's understanding of parental mood disorder, our interventions were found to promote resilience-related qualities in these children at risk. This presentation represents the first and only longitudinal primary prevention study of relatively healthy children at risk for psychopathology attributable to parental mood disorder and demonstrates a significant reduction in risk factors and increase in protective factors in these families over a long time interval--2(1/2) years. Our results provide support for a family-based approach to preventive intervention.
Histological improvement following administration of autologous bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells for alcoholic cirrhosis: a pilot study (2013)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells therapy in alcoholic cirrhosis induces a histological and quantitative improvement of hepatic fibrosis.
Implementation of an efficient parallel BDD package (1996)

Implementation of an Efficient Parallel BDD Package by Anthony L. Stornetta Large BDD applications are generally limited by a processor&amp;apos;s resources, especially physical memory. In large BDD applications, virtual memory is not an attractive solution for conventional depth-first BDD algorithms. Irregular memory access patterns in the algorithm cause thrashing, which severely impairs performance. One solution to overcoming this resource limitation is to utilize the memory of multiple networked workstations. A number of different forms of parallelism can be exploited in depth-first algorithms performed on a distributed BDD. The BDD structure is stored in a distributed hash table and can be accessed simultaneously by multiple processors. An unlimited number of multiple BDD operations may be concurrently issued. In essence, the package can simultaneously execute multiple threads of computation on a distributed BDD. This thesis presents an efficient parallel BDD package for a distributed en...
Quantitative analysis of CD79b, CD5 and CD19 in mature B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. (1999)

Distinct antigen density patterns for the various conditions emerged from this analysis: Typical CLL was characterized by moderate CD5 and weak or negative CD79b expression. Mc lymphoma showed an homogeneous pattern, characterized by similar expression of CD5 than CLL but significantly stronger expression of CD79b whilst PLL and SLVL had weak CD5 and moderate CD79b expression. Atypical CLL had an intermediate pattern of CD79b antigen expression ranging from weak to moderate with bright CD5. Unlike CD5 and CD79b, CD19 did not discriminate the various B-cell disorders but only between normal and leukemic cells.
Localization of the amino acid substitution site in a new variant of human serum albumin, albumin Mexico-2 (1980)

Using an electrophoretic screening procedure, we have discovered that two species of human serum albumin Mexico occur that are indistinguishable by conventional electrophoretic methods. We suggest that these species be referred to as albumins Mexico-1 and Mexico-2. Isolation and determination of the partial sequence of the cyanogen bromide fragment of albumin Mexico-2 that differs from the corresponding fragment of the common albumin A revealed this variant to arise from at least a glycine/aspartic acid substitution at position 550. This region of the albumin molecule is involved in the binding of the fatty acid, palmitate.
Emerging Antibody-Based HER2 (ErbB-2/neu) Therapeutics (2000)

Targeting HER2(ErbB-2/neu) overexpressing tumor cells to selectively deliver anticancer agents and thereby reduce host toxicity represents a rational and emerging strategy for the treatment of breast and other epithelial cancers. The extracellular domain of the HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase is readily accessible to systemically administered antibody-based therapeutics, including growth-inhibiting monclonals such as rhuMAbHER2 (trastuzmab/Herceptin) as well as anti-HER2 immunotoxins, antibody-dependent enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT), and immune cell recruiting bispecific antibodies. In addition to summarizing recent advances in these antibody-based strategies, this review focuses on preclinical advances in the development of anti-HER2 immunoliposomes (ILs) as a platform technology for targeted drug delivery. Extensive in vitro and in vivo testing including efficacy and tumor uptake studies in multiple human tumor xenograft models now provide conclusive evidence for the superior therapeutic efficacy of anti-HER2 ILs-doxorubicin (dox) over free dox or liposomal (Ls)-dox, and even over combinations of dox and Ls-dox with rhuMAbHER2. As anti-HER2 ILs-dox approaches clinical testing in patients with advanced HER2 overexpressing breast cancer, future applications of this novel targeting strategy will also broaden to include intracellular delivery of other anticancer agents as well as therapeutic nucleic acids (oligonucleotides, genes).