gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Distributed Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks (2008)

Distributed spectrum sensing (DSS) enables a Cognitive Radio (CR) network to reliably detect licensed users and avoid causing interference to licensed communications. The data fusion technique is a key component of DSS. We discuss the Byzantine failure problem in the context of data fusion, which may be caused by either malfunctioning sensing terminals or Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification (SSDF) attacks. In either case, incorrect spectrum sensing data will be reported to a data collector which can lead to the distortion of data fusion outputs. We investigate various data fusion techniques, focusing on their robustness against Byzantine failures. In contrast to existing data fusion techniques that use a fixed number of samples, we propose a new technique that uses a variable number of samples. The proposed technique, which we call Weighted Sequential Probability Ratio Test (WSPRT), introduces a reputation-based mechanism to the Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT). We evaluate WSPRT by comparing it with a variety of data fusion techniques under various network operating conditions. Our simulation results indicate that WSPRT is the most robust against the Byzantine failure problem among the data fusion techniques that were considered.
Kinetic competence of the cADP-ribose–CD38 complex as an intermediate in the CD38/NAD+ glycohydrolase-catalysed reactions: implication for CD38 signalling (2001)

CD38/NAD+ glycohydrolase is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein widely used to study T- and B-cell activation and differentiation. CD38 is endowed with two different activities: it is a signal transduction molecule and an ectoenzyme that converts NAD+ into ADP-ribose (NAD+ glycohydrolase activity) and small proportions of cADP-ribose (cADPR; ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity), a calcium-mobilizing metabolite, which, ultimately, can also be hydrolysed (cADPR hydrolase activity). The relationship between these two properties, and strikingly the requirement for signalling in the formation of free or enzyme-complexed cADPR, is still ill-defined. In the present study we wanted to test whether the CD38–cADPR complex is kinetically competent in the conversion of NAD+ into the reaction product ADP-ribose. In principle, such a complex could be invoked for cross-talk, via conformational changes, with neighbouring partner(s) of CD38 thus triggering the signalling phenomena. Analysis of the kinetic parameters measured for the CD38/NAD+ glycohydrolase-catalysed hydrolysis of 2′-deoxy-2′-aminoribo-NAD+ and ADP-cyclo[N1,C1′]-2′-deoxy-2′-aminoribose (slowly hydrolysable analogues of NAD+ and cADPR respectively) ruled out that the CD38–cADPR complex can accumulate under steady-state conditions. This was borne out by simulation of the prevalent kinetic mechanism of CD38, which involve the partitioning of a common E·ADP-ribosyl intermediate in the formation of the enzyme-catalysed reaction products. Using this mechanism, microscopic rate conditions were found which transform a NAD+ glycohydrolase into an ADP-ribosyl cyclase. Altogether, the present work shows that if the cross-talk with a partner depends on a conformational change of CD38, this is most probably not attributable to the formation of the CD38–cADPR complex. In line with recent results on the conformational change triggered by CD38 ligands [Berthelier, Laboureau, Boulla, Schuber and Deterre (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267, 3056–3064], we believe that the Michaelis CD38–NAD+ complex could play such a role instead.
Evaluation of on-board kV cone beam CT (CBCT)-based dose calculation (2007)

On-board CBCT images are used to generate patient geometric models to assist patient setup. The image data can also, potentially, be used for dose reconstruction in combination with the fluence maps from treatment plan. Here we evaluate the achievable accuracy in using a kV CBCT for dose calculation. Relative electron density as a function of HU was obtained for both planning CT (pCT) and CBCT using a Catphan-600 calibration phantom. The CBCT calibration stability was monitored weekly for 8 consecutive weeks. A clinical treatment planning system was employed for pCT- and CBCT-based dose calculations and subsequent comparisons. Phantom and patient studies were carried out. In the former study, both Catphan-600 and pelvic phantoms were employed to evaluate the dosimetric performance of the full-fan and half-fan scanning modes. To evaluate the dosimetric influence of motion artefacts commonly seen in CBCT images, the Catphan-600 phantom was scanned with and without cyclic motion using the pCT and CBCT scanners. The doses computed based on the four sets of CT images (pCT and CBCT with/without motion) were compared quantitatively. The patient studies included a lung case and three prostate cases. The lung case was employed to further assess the adverse effect of intra-scan organ motion. Unlike the phantom study, the pCT of a patient is generally acquired at the time of simulation and the anatomy may be different from that of CBCT acquired at the time of treatment delivery because of organ deformation. To tackle the problem, we introduced a set of modified CBCT images (mCBCT) for each patient, which possesses the geometric information of the CBCT but the electronic density distribution mapped from the pCT with the help of a BSpline deformable image registration software. In the patient study, the dose computed with the mCBCT was used as a surrogate of the 'ground truth'. We found that the CBCT electron density calibration curve differs moderately from that of pCT. No significant fluctuation was observed in the calibration over the period of 8 weeks. For the static phantom, the doses computed based on pCT and CBCT agreed to within 1%. A notable difference in CBCT- and pCT-based dose distributions was found for the motion phantom due to the motion artefacts which appeared in the CBCT images (the maximum discrepancy was found to be approximately 3.0% in the high dose region). The motion artefacts-induced dosimetric inaccuracy was also observed in the lung patient study. For the prostate cases, the mCBCT- and CBCT-based dose calculations yielded very close results (<2%). Coupled with the phantom data, it is concluded that the CBCT can be employed directly for dose calculation for a disease site such as the prostate, where there is little motion artefact. In the prostate case study, we also noted a large discrepancy between the original treatment plan and the CBCT (or mCBCT)-based calculation, suggesting the importance of inter-fractional organ movement and the need for adaptive therapy to compensate for the anatomical changes in the future.
Identification of markers that functionally define a quiescent multiple myeloma cell sub-population surviving bortezomib treatment (2015)

We conclude that Bz-surviving MM cells display a GRP78(HIGH)/p21(HIGH)/CDK6(LOW)/P-Rb(LOW) profile, and these markers may identify quiescent MM cells capable of fueling recurrences. We further conclude that Aza + Bz treatment of MM may represent a novel strategy to delay recurrences by enhancing Bz-induced apoptosis and quiescence stability.
Characterization and Isolation of Enzymes that Hydrolyze Short‐Chain acyl‐CoA in Rat‐Liver Mitochondria (1996)

In this study we investigated the presence of short-chain acyl-CoA hydrolases in rat liver mitochondria. One acetyl-CoA-hydrolyzing enzyme with a molecular mass of about 48 kDa was purified to apparent homogeneity as judged by SDS/PAGE. Immunoprecipitation experiments with antibodies raised to the purified protein showed that this enzyme corresponds to a minor portion of the total mitochondrial acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity, most (about 90%) of the total activity being due to an enzyme which was labile and required Triton X-100 for its stability. Neither of these acetyl-CoA-hydrolyzing enzymes appeared to be induced by treatment of rats with di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, a peroxisome proliferator which mediates induction of several cytosolic and mitochondrial long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterases. In addition, an enzyme that hydrolyzed acetoacetyl-CoA was partially purified; it was induced about 3.5-fold by di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate treatment. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that rat liver mitochondria contain several enzymes capable of hydrolyzing short-chain acyl-CoA, indicating that regulation of the metabolism of short-chain acyl-CoAs and formation of ketone bodies, could be complex.
Quantitative mass spectrometry in proteomics: a critical review (2007)

The quantification of differences between two or more physiological states of a biological system is among the most important but also most challenging technical tasks in proteomics. In addition to the classical methods of differential protein gel or blot staining by dyes and fluorophores, mass-spectrometry-based quantification methods have gained increasing popularity over the past five years. Most of these methods employ differential stable isotope labeling to create a specific mass tag that can be recognized by a mass spectrometer and at the same time provide the basis for quantification. These mass tags can be introduced into proteins or peptides (i) metabolically, (ii) by chemical means, (iii) enzymatically, or (iv) provided by spiked synthetic peptide standards. In contrast, label-free quantification approaches aim to correlate the mass spectrometric signal of intact proteolytic peptides or the number of peptide sequencing events with the relative or absolute protein quantity directly. In this review, we critically examine the more commonly used quantitative mass spectrometry methods for their individual merits and discuss challenges in arriving at meaningful interpretations of quantitative proteomic data.
Bacterial cell division: A moveable feast (1999)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Molecular Cloning of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthesis Operon from Aeromonas hydrophila and Its Expression in Escherichia coli (2004)

The polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis operon was cloned from Aeromonas hydrophila CGMCC 0911. Heterogeneous expression of the cloned polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis operon in Escherichia coli resulted in accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) consisting of 13.9 mol % 3-hydroxyhexanoate up to 29.2 wt % of cell dry weight when grown in lauric acid. The cell dry weight of recombinant E. coli harboring the polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis operon was improved to 1.7 g L (-1), which was much higher than that of 0.3 g L (-1) of the wild type E. coli. Coexpression of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene (yafH) from E. coli and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (vgb) from Vitreoscilla together with the whole A. hydrophila CGMCC 0911 polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis operon facilitated cell growth and polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulation in E. coli. When yafH was coexpressed together with the polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis operon, the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) content was increased from 29.2 to 52.1 wt %, and the cell dry weight was also increased slightly from 1.70 to 1.86 g L (-1). Coexpression of vgb gene could further enhance the cell dry weight to 2.0 g L(-1) and the polyhydroxyalkanoate content to 60.7 wt %.
A scalable formal verification methodology for pipelined microprocessors (1996)

Article Free Access Share on A scalable formal verification methodology for pipelined microprocessors Authors: Jeremy Levitt Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, CAView Profile , Kunle Olukotun Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '96: Proceedings of the 33rd annual Design Automation ConferenceJune 1996 Pages 558–563https://doi.org/10.1145/240518.240624Published:01 June 1996Publication History 15citation273DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations15Total Downloads273Last 12 Months24Last 6 weeks13 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Development of Epinephrine Nanoparticles Using Chitosan for the Treatment of Anaphylaxis (2012)

Purpose. Epinephrine was previously formulated into fast-disintegrating sublingual tablets (AAPS PharmSciTech. 2006;7(2): Article 41) and the sublingual bioavailability was established in vivo (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117(2):398-403) for the potential first-aid treatment of anaphylaxis. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize epinephrine nanoparticles to enhance the sublingual bioavailability of epinephrine. Methods. Epinephrine bitartrate equivalent to epinephrine 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% were loaded into chitosan nanoparticles using ionic gelation method. Chitosan to tripolyphosphate (TPP) weight ratio was studied at 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 and 6:1. Particle size and zeta potential were measured after nanoparticles fabrication using Zetasizer. Samples were centrifuged and supernatant was analyzed using HPLC to determine the encapsulation efficiency. Results. Nanoparticles in the size range of 100-400 nm were obtained using 2:1 and 3:1 weight ratios of chitosan to TPP. Zeta potential was increased with the increase chitosan weight ratio, and decreased with the increase in epinephrine load %. Encapsulation efficiency was increased by increasing weight ratio of chitosan; but resulted in lower encapsulation efficiency at epinephrine 40%. Conclusion. By adjusting the chitosan 31 weight ratio, optimum size of epinephrine nanoparticles can be obtained. Encapsulation efficiency of epinephrine into chitosan nanoparticles depends on weight ratio of chitosan and epinephrine load %
Large-Scale Network Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder (2015)

Reduced connectivity within frontoparietal control systems and imbalanced connectivity between control systems and networks involved in internal or external attention may reflect depressive biases toward internal thoughts at the cost of engaging with the external world. Meanwhile, altered connectivity between neural systems involved in cognitive control and those that support salience or emotion processing may relate to deficits regulating mood. These findings provide an empirical foundation for a neurocognitive model in which network dysfunction underlies core cognitive and affective abnormalities in depression.
Bipartite axiation follows incomplete epiboly in zebrafish embryos treated with chemical teratogens (1984)

Medial clefts in the axis of the trunk region are malformations known from many chordates and are mostly referred to as rachischisis anterior. In teleosts, rachischisis was previously ascribed either to secondary rifting of a single uniform axial rudiment, or to the establishment of two (half) axes and body halves physically separate from the very beginning. In order to decide between these conflicting interpretations, we treated zebrafish embryos during blastodisc stages and epiboly with several chemical teratogens causing rachischisis anterior. Treatment with ethanol, Colcemid, hydroxyurea, or cycloheximide was found to delay the proliferation and movements of the deep cells more strongly than the timing of cell differentiation, so that the deep cells embark on organogenesis before having reached their destinations in the uniform germ shield. Treatment with alpha-amanitin, on the other hand, seems primarily to affect the periblast and enveloping layer; the incomplete epiboly observed in these layers appears to restrain deep cell epiboly physically and thus to cause rachischisis. In both instances, the split condition of the embryo's trunk region is clearly due to the ectopic formation of physically separate body halves right from the beginning, a mode we call bipartite axiation. We also describe secondary anomalies specific for individual teratogens, and briefly discuss the possible origins of rachischisis anterior among other chordates including man.
Growth factors produced by sarcoma virus-transformed cells. (1978)

Abstract A hypothesis is presented that states that tumor viruses produce their transforming action on cells, at least in part, by the production of endogenous polypeptide growth-stimulatory factors. Cells transformed by murine sarcoma viruses have been found to have reduced or absent cell surface receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF), as compared to the untransformed parental cells and to cells transformed by other viruses. Sarcoma virus-transformed cells are shown to release a family of polypeptide growth factors into the supernatant fluids in cell cultures. These factors, with molecular weights of approximately 25,000, 12,000, and 7,000, stimulate cell division and compete for EGF receptors. The new sarcoma growth factors are not produced by untransformed cells or by DNA virus-transformed cells. Sarcoma growth factors induce normal fibroblasts to grow in soft agar and to express some of the phenotypic properties of transformed cells; these effects are dependent on the continued presence of the factor. A human fibrosarcoma was found that had normal levels of EGF receptors, but no apparent multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) receptors. Since normal fibroblasts have MSA receptors, it was decided to test whether the receptor-negative cell was producing a related growth factor. In this case a family of related growth polypeptides was found that interacted with MSA receptors, but not with EGF receptors, and stimulated cell division in cells of various species. The activities of both the sarcoma growth factors and the MSA-related human fibrosarcoma growth factors are heat stable, protease sensitive, and sensitive to disulfide reducing agents. The endogenous production of polypeptide growth factors by cells that are able to respond to their own products may represent a general mechanism for cell transformation.
Egr-1, a serum-inducible zinc finger protein, regulates transcription of the rat cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain gene (1991)

Egr-1 is an early growth response gene that encodes a protein with three zinc fingers and is involved in transcriptional regulation. In adult heart myocytes, in contrast to c-fos and c-myc, high levels of Egr-1 mRNA expression have been shown. Here we report that Egr-1 transactivates rat cardiac alpha-MHC gene expression. In serum-starved primary cultures of 18-day-old fetal rat heart myocytes, addition of serum evoked expression of both Egr-1 and alpha-MHC gene transcripts. Inclusion of 10 microM cycloheximide in these cultures for 48 h caused a greater increase in Egr-1 mRNA, whereas the expression of alpha-MHC transcripts was ablated. To examine the involvement of Egr-1 in alpha-MHC induction, we transfected primary cultures of cardiac myocytes with plasmids pCMVEgr-1 (Egr-1 expression vector) and pMP3.3CAT containing -2.9- to +0.42-kilobase sequences of the alpha-MHC gene fused to the coding region of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. Cotransfection of pCMVEgr-1 stimulated expression of pMP3.3CAT 10-15-fold. Furthermore, pCMVEgr-1 also stimulated expression of the endogenous alpha-MHC gene in primary cultures of cardiac myocytes. Transactivation of pMP3.3CAT expression by pCMVEgr-1 was also observed by transfecting the myogenic cell line Sol 8, but not in L6E9 cells or in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. By creating progressive 5' deletions of the alpha-MHC gene, we found that the region extending between -1698 and -1283 base pairs is necessary for Egr-1-induced expression of the alpha-MHC/CAT construct. These results define a physiological target for the Egr-1 transcription factor and delineate a novel mechanism for regulation of the alpha-MHC gene.
Cell surface and intracellular functions for galactose binding in ricin cytotoxicity (1992)

Conference Article| November 01 1992 Cell surface and intracellular functions for galactose binding in ricin cytotoxicity J. Michael Lord; J. Michael Lord 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Richard Wales; Richard Wales 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Carol Pitcher; Carol Pitcher 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Lynne M. Roberts Lynne M. Roberts 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1992) 20 (4): 734–738. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0200734 Article history Received: July 10 1992 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. Michael Lord, Richard Wales, Carol Pitcher, Lynne M. Roberts; Cell surface and intracellular functions for galactose binding in ricin cytotoxicity. Biochem Soc Trans 1 November 1992; 20 (4): 734–738. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0200734 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: RTA, ricin A subunit, RTB, ricin B subunit, TGN, trans Golgi network, BFA, brefeldin A, ER, endoplasmic reticulum This content is only available as a PDF. © 1992 Biochemical Society1992 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Transdermal Testosterone Administration in Hypogonadal Men: Comparison of Pharmacokinetics at Different Sites of Application and at the First and Fifth Days of Application (1997)

In this study of 13 hypogonadal men (25-69 years of age), three open-label, randomized treatments were administered to determine the pharmacokinetics of serum testosterone after application of an investigational testosterone transdermal system to the upper buttocks, upper arm, and back. Testosterone in vivo input kinetics profiles were estimated by DeMonS, a recently developed numerical deconvolution method for estimating drug absorption at different time intervals and/or drug disposition model parameters, and compared on the first and fifth days of system application. Area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 27 hours (AUC0-27) values for testosterone after one-day applications to the upper buttocks, upper arm, and back were 9,560 ng.hr/dL, 8,651 ng.hr/dL, and 8,988 ng.hr/dL, respectively. Maximum observed concentration (Cmax) values were 482 ng/dL, 462 ng/dL, and 499 ng/dL, respectively. Serum testosterone concentrations were equivalent to each other, and Cmax values fell within the normal range. No drug accumulation was seen with repeated dosing over 5 days.