gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photobiology of Low-power Laser Effects (1989)

Quantitative studies have been performed to determine the action of low-intensity visible monochromatic light on various cells (E. coli, yeasts, HeLa, Chinese hamster fibroblasts and human lymphocytes); also irradiation conditions (wavelength, dose and intensity) conducive to vital activity stimulation have been examined. Respiratory chain components are discussed as primary photoacceptors. The possible ways for photosignal transduction and amplification are discussed. It is proposed that enhanced wound healing due to irradiation with low-intensity visible laser light (He-Cd, He-Ne and semiconductor lasers) is due to the increasing proliferation of cells.
Gene expression and functional evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in papillary thyroid carcinoma invasion (2007)

Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) that invade into local structures are associated with a poor prognosis, but the mechanisms for PTC invasion are incompletely defined, limiting the development of new therapies. To characterize biological processes involved in PTC invasion, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of microscopically dissected intratumoral samples from central and invasive regions of seven widely invasive PTCs and normal thyroid tissue by oligonucleotide microarray and performed confirmatory expression and functional studies. In comparison with the central regions of primary PTCs, the invasive fronts overexpressed TGF beta, NFkappaB and integrin pathway members, and regulators of small G proteins and CDC42. Moreover, reduced levels of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion and communication were identified, consistent with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To confirm that aggressive PTCs were characterized by EMT, 34 additional PTCs were examined for expression of vimentin, a hallmark of EMT. Overexpression of vimentin was associated with PTC invasion and nodal metastasis. Functional, in vitro studies demonstrated that vimentin was required both for the development and maintenance of a mesenchymal morphology and invasiveness in thyroid cancer cells. We conclude that EMT is common in PTC invasion and that vimentin regulates thyroid cancer EMT in vitro.
Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of Naringenin via Inhibition of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase and Acyl Coenzyme A:Cholesterol Acyltransferase in Rats (1999)

The effects of dietary supplementation of a citrus bioflavonoid, naringenin, on the cholesterol metabolism were studied. For 42 days male rats were fed a 1% (wt/wt) high-cholesterol diet with or without a naringenin supplementation (0.1%, wt/wt) to study its effect on plasma lipid levels, hepatic lipid contents, activities of hepatic acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, and the excretion of fecal neutral sterols. Naringenin did not significantly alter the concentration of plasma triglycerides, but lowered the plasma cholesterol (3.80 vs. 3.12 mmol/l) concentration and the hepatic cholesterol content (70.3 vs. 54.0 mg/g) significantly (p < 0.05) compared to those of the controls. HMG-CoA reductase (1,879.0 vs. 1,715.0 pmol/min/mg) and ACAT activities (806.0 vs. 563.0 pmol/min/mg) were significantly lower in the naringenin-supplemented group than in controls. Naringenin supplementation caused a marked decrease in the excretion of fecal neutral sterols (242.9 mg/day) compared to the controls (521.9 mg/day). These results show that naringenin lowers the plasma and hepatic cholesterol concentrations by suppressing HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet.
A study of on-line quasi-Bayes adaptation for CDHMM-based speech recognition (2002)

We present a framework of quasi-Bayes (QB) learning of the parameters of the continuous density hidden Markov model (CDHMM) with Gaussian mixture state observation densities. Based on the theory of recursive Bayesian inference, the QB algorithm is designed to incrementally update the hyperparameters on the approximate posterior distribution and the CDHMM parameters simultaneously. By further introducing a simple forgetting mechanism to adjust the contribution of previously observed sample utterances, the algorithm is adaptive in nature and capable of performing an on-line adaptive learning using only the current sample utterance. It can thus be used to cope with the time-varying nature of some acoustic and environmental variabilities, including mismatches caused by changing speakers, channels, and transducers. As an example, the QB learning framework is applied to on-line speaker adaptation and its viability is confirmed in a series of comparative experiments using a 26-letter English alphabet vocabulary.
In vitro antimicrobial activities and spectra of U-100592 and U-100766, two novel fluorinated oxazolidinones (1996)

Two new fluorinated oxazolidinones, U-100592 and U-100766, were evaluated against more than 659 gram-positive and -negative organisms and compared with glycopeptides, erythromycin, clindamycin, clinafloxacin, and chloramphenicol. U-100592 and U-100766 were usually equally potent, but the MICs at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC90s) of U-100592 for some staphylococci and enterococci were slightly lower than those of U-100766 (1 versus 2 micrograms/ml). The MIC90 of U-100592 and U-100766 for oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 2 micrograms/ml, the same as observed for oxacillin-susceptible strains. The oxazolidinone MICs for other Staphylococcus spp. were < or = 2 micrograms/ml (MIC50, 0.5 to 1 microgram/ml). All enterococci were inhibited by < or = 4 and < or = 2 micrograms of U-100592 and U-100766 per ml, respectively. Against 152 vancomycin-resistant enterococci (five species), both compounds had a narrow range of MICs (0.25 to 2 micrograms/ml) and a MIC90 of 1 microgram/ml. Corynebacterium jeikeium, Bacillus spp., and all tested streptococci were inhibited (< or = 4 micrograms/ml). Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative bacilli were not susceptible (MIC50, > 64 micrograms/ml) to either oxazolidinone. Three potencies of U-100592 and U-100766 disks were tested (5, 15, and 30 micrograms), and acceptable correlations (r = 0.81 to 0.90) with the measured MICs were observed. Best discrimination of the tentatively susceptible organisms (MICs, < or = 4 micrograms/ml) was demonstrated with the 30-micrograms disk concentration. The oxazolidinones demonstrated a dominant bacteristatic action. These oxazolidinones (U-100592 and U-100766) appear promising for treatment of gram-positive organisms that demonstrate resistance to contemporary therapeutic agents.
Vaccines Pose No Diabetes, Bowel Disease Risk (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue
Ammonia toxicity and its prevention in inherited defects of the urea cycle (2009)

The urea cycle is the final pathway for removal of surplus nitrogen from the body, and the major route in humans for detoxification of ammonia. The full complement of enzymes is expressed only in liver. Inherited deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes lead to hyperammonaemia, which causes brain damage. Severe defects present with hyperammonaemic crises in neonates. Equally devastating episodes may occur in previously asymptomatic adults with mild defects, most often X-linked ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency. Several mechanisms probably contribute to pathogenesis. Treatment aims to reduce plasma ammonia quickly, reduce production of waste nitrogen, dispose of waste nitrogen using alternative pathways to the urea cycle and replace arginine. These therapies have increased survival and probably improve the neurological outcome. Arginine, sodium benzoate, sodium phenylbutyrate and, less often, sodium phenylacetate are used. Long-term correction is achieved by liver transplantation. Gene therapy for OTC deficiency is effective in animals, and work is ongoing to improve persistence and safety.
Proliferative Glomerulonephritis Secondary to Dysfunction of the Alternative Pathway of Complement (2011)

These studies implicate AP dysregulation in a spectrum of rare renal diseases that includes GN-C3 and DDD.
Optimized Varian aSi portal dosimetry: development of datasets for collective use (2013)

Although much literature has been devoted to portal dosimetry with the Varian amorphous silicon (aSi) portal imager, the majority of the described methods are not routinely adopted because implementation procedures are cumbersome and not within easy reach of most radiotherapy centers. To make improved portal dosimetry solutions more generally available, we have investigated the possibility of converting optimized configurations into ready-to-use standardized datasets. Firstly, for all commonly used photon energies (6, 10, 15, 18, and 20 MV), basic beam data acquired on 20 aSi panels were used to assess the interpanel reproducibility. Secondly, a standardized portal dose image prediction (PDIP) algorithm configuration was created for every energy, using a three-step process to optimize the aSi dose response function and profile correction files for the dosimetric calibration of the imager panel. An approximate correction of the backscatter of the Exact arm was also incorporated. Thirdly, a set of validation fields was assembled to assess the accuracy of the standardized configuration. Variations in the basic beam data measured on different aSi panels very rarely exceeded 2% (2 mm) and are of the same order of magnitude as variations between different Clinacs when measuring in reference conditions in water. All studied aSi panels can hence be regarded as nearly identical. Standardized datasets were successfully created and implemented. The test package proved useful in highlighting possible problems and illustrating remaining limitations, but also in demonstrating the good overall results (95% pass rate for 3%,3 mm) that can be obtained. The dosimetric behavior of all tested aSi panels was found to be nearly identical for all tested energies. The approach of using standardized datasets was then successfully tested through the creation and evaluation of PDIP preconfigured datasets that can be used within the Varian portal dosimetry solution.
Object-oriented state machines (1995)

Software specification and implementation techniques based on state machines simplify design, coding, and validation. However, large systems require complex state machines. Incremental construction techniques can control this complexity. In this paper, we present a construction technique that permits derivation of complex state machines from simpler state machines. The technique uses subclassing, composition, delegation, and genericity to incrementally modify and combine simpler machines.In addition, we present a novel implementation technique that uses exactly one table-lookup and one addition to dispatch events on derived state machines, no matter the depth of the derivation. As an example, we describe the derivation of a complicated distributed virtual memory scheme from a simple paging virtual memory scheme.
Differences in human and porcine platelet oligosaccharides may influence phagocytosis by liver sinusoidal cells in vitro (2012)

Differences between human and porcine ASGR1 and Mac-1, in combination with a significantly higher number of galactose and N-acetyl glucosamine-containing oligosaccharides on human platelets contribute, in part, to platelet loss seen in porcine liver xenotransplantation.
Chemistry of indole. 5-(1-Indolyl)-2-pentanone system (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of indole. 5-(1-Indolyl)-2-pentanone systemMarcel K. EberleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 4, 633–636Publication Date (Print):February 20, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 February 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00866a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00866a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeted gene transfer into hepatoma cells with lipopolyamine-condensed DNA particles presenting galactose ligands: a stage toward artificial viruses. (1995)

Optimal in vitro gene delivery with cationic lipids requires an excess of cationic charges with respect to DNA phosphates. In these conditions, in vivo delivery will be hampered by interference from cationic lipid-binding macromolecules either circulating or in the extracellular matrix. To overcome this problem, we are developing a modular transfection system based on lipid-coated DNA particles reminiscent of enveloped viruses. The particle core consists of the lipopolyamine-condensed nucleic acid in an electrically neutral ratio to which other synthetic lipids with key viral properties are hydrophobically adsorbed. As a first result, we have found that a good transfection level can be achieved simply with the neutral core particle, provided a zwitterionic lipid (dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine) is added to completely coat the DNA. Addition of lipids bearing a fusogenic or a nuclear localization peptide head group to the particles does not significantly improve an already efficient system, in contrast to polylysine-based gene transfer methods that rely on lysosomotropic or fusogenic agents to be effective. This emphasizes the distinctive properties of the lipopolyamines, including cell membrane destabilization, endosome buffering capacity, and possibly nuclear tropism. Most importantly, addition of lipids with a triantennary galactosyl residue drives the neutral nucleolipidic particles to the asialoglycoprotein receptor of human hepatoma HepG2 cells: Transfection increases approximately 1000-fold with 25% galactolipid. This receptor-mediated process is saturable and slightly less efficient than receptor-independent transfection obtained in vitro with a large excess of cationic lipid alone. Yet, electrically silent particles may provide an attractive solution for gene transfer in vivo where their external saccharide coat should allow them to diffuse within the organism and reach their target cells.
Feature-centric evaluation for efficient cascaded object detection (2004)

We describe a cascaded method for object detection. This approach uses a novel organization of the first cascade stage called "feature-centric" evaluation which re-uses feature evaluations across multiple candidate windows. We minimize the cost of this evaluation through several simplifications: (1) localized lighting normalization, (2) representation of the classifier as an additive model and (3) discrete-valued features. Such a method also incorporates a unique feature representation. The early stages in the cascade use simple fast feature evaluations and the later stages use more complex discriminative features. In particular, we propose features based on sparse coding and ordinal relationships among filter responses. This combination of cascaded feature-centric evaluation with features of increasing complexity achieves both computational efficiency and accuracy. We describe object detection experiments on ten objects including faces and automobiles. These results include 97% recognition at equal error rate on the UIUC image database for car detection.
Electron trapping and acceleration in a modified elongated betatron (1992)

Electron trapping and acceleration have been successfully accomplished in the modified elongated betatron at University of California, Irvine. About 150 nC of electrons have been trapped and accelerated for ∼900 μsec until the betatron field reached its maximum, establishing an electron layer with ∼80 A of circulating current and ∼1.6 MeV energy in the cylindrical chamber. No minimum current is required to start beam trapping in the betatron. There are essentially no electron losses during the acceleration at low injection currents; the electron losses at high injection currents are probably caused by the space charge effects, resistive chamber walls, and betatron field ripple. By filling the chamber with plasma, an electron beam of ∼120 A current and ∼1.6 MeV energy has been observed. No instabilities have been found during the acceleration except the precessional instability, which has been effectively controlled by a toroidal magnetic field. An electron orbit simulation has been carried out and it has shown that practically no resonance instabilities can be developed in the stretched betatron because of its unique geometry and field configuration, which has been confirmed by the experiment.
Understanding Renewable Energy Systems (2014)

Beginning with an overview of renewable energy sources including biomass, hydroelectricity, geothermal, tidal, wind and solar power, this book explores the fundamentals of different renewable energy systems. The main focus is on technologies with high development potential such as solar thermal systems, photovoltaics and wind power. This text not only describes technological aspects, but also deals consciously with problems of the energy industry. In this way, the topics are treated in a holistic manner, bringing together maths, engineering, climate studies and economics, and enabling readers to gain a broad understanding of renewable energy technologies and their potential. The book also contains a free CD-ROM resource, which includes a variety of specialist simulation software and detailed figures from the book. Following a successful edition in German and in response to growing demand for high quality, user-friendly textbooks on renewable energy, the author has prepared a revised version of this classic text in English. Understanding Renewable Energy Systems is an ideal companion for students of renewable energy at universities or technical colleges - on courses such as renewable energy, electrical engineering, engineering technology, physics, process engineering, building engineering, environment, applied mechanics and mechanical engineering - as well as scientists and engineers in research and industry.
Towards a non-invasive ultrasound pressure assessment in large arteries (2010)

Steroids labeled with radioactive isotopes are useful tracers for radio-immunoassay and for in vivo nuclear medecine purposes. We here report and discuss methods for direct labeling of the steroids estriol, estradiol, and progesterone with radioiodine-125 or -131. The purification procedure and some chemical and physical properties of the purified labeled materials are referred to and discussed.
Hybridization of single-stranded DNA targets to immobilized complementary DNA probes: comparison of hairpin versus linear capture probes (2001)

A microtiter-based assay system is described in which DNA hairpin probes with dangling ends and single-stranded, linear DNA probes were immobilized and compared based on their ability to capture single-strand target DNA. Hairpin probes consisted of a 16 bp duplex stem, linked by a T(2)-biotin.dT-T(2) loop. The third base was a biotinylated uracil (U(B)) necessary for coupling to avidin coated microtiter wells. The capture region of the hairpin was a 3' dangling end composed of either 16 or 32 bases. Fundamental parameters of the system, such as probe density and avidin adsorption capacity of the plates were characterized. The target DNA consisted of 65 bases whose 3' end was complementary to the dangling end of the hairpin or to the linear probe sequence. The assay system was employed to measure the time dependence and thermodynamic stability of target hybridization with hairpin and linear probes. Target molecules were labeled with either a 5'-FITC, or radiolabeled with [gamma-(33)P]ATP and captured by either linear or hairpin probes affixed to the solid support. Over the range of target concentrations from 10 to 640 pmol hybridization rates increased with increasing target concentration, but varied for the different probes examined. Hairpin probes displayed higher rates of hybridization and larger equilibrium amounts of captured targets than linear probes. At 25 and 45 degrees C, rates of hybridization were better than twice as great for the hairpin compared with the linear capture probes. Hairpin-target complexes were also more thermodynamically stable. Binding free energies were evaluated from the observed equilibrium constants for complex formation. Results showed the order of stability of the probes to be: hairpins with 32 base dangling ends > hairpin probes with l6 base dangling ends > 16 base linear probes > 32 base linear probes. The physical characteristics of hairpins could offer substantial advantages as nucleic acid capture moieties in solid support based hybridization systems.
Adenovector-mediated hair cell regeneration is affected by promoter type (2010)

Use of adenovectors containing human CMV, the hybrid cBA and ubiquitin promoters driving transgene expression resulted in different types of transgene expression. While several viral and cellular promoters provided broad cell type expression, expression driven by the GFAP promoter was limited to vestibular supporting cells, demonstrating the specificity of this promoter.
Dynamic threshold voltage damascene metal gate MOSFET (DT-DMG-MOS) with low threshold voltage, high drive current, and uniform electrical characteristics (2002)

We propose dynamic threshold-voltage damascene metal gate MOSFET (DT-DMG-MOS) technology for very low voltage operation (0.7 V). By using this technology, we found that low threshold voltage (about 0.15 V reduction for CMOS), high drive current, excellent subthreshold swing (about 60 mV/decade), and uniform electrical characteristics (great reduction of threshold voltage deviation) were obtained in the transistors with mid-gap work function metal gates (Al/TiN or W/TiN) and low supply voltage (0.7 V).
Genome organization of the anaerobic pathogen Clostridium perfringens. (1989)

A physical map of the genome of Clostridium perfringens, an important human pathogen, has been established by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Recognition sites for six rare-cutting endonucleases were situated on a single circular chromosome of approximately 3.6 million base pairs thus defining 50 arbitrary genetic intervals of between 10 and 250 kilobase pairs. This considerably facilitated the chromosomal localization of some 24 genes and loci for which probes were available and allowed the construction of the genome map of a clostridial species.
Electrophoretic Analysis of SBTI‐A2 in the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection1 (1973)

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds from 1,595 plant introductions were analyzed for the presence or absence of electrophoretic forms of SBTI‐A 2 . Seed of all accessions tested had SBTI‐A 2 . The frequency of Rf 0.79 and Rf 0.75 electrophoretic bands in the population was 0.79 and 0.21, respectively. An electrophoretic variant was located in seed protein of two plant introductions at Rf 0.83. The frequency of Rf 0.75 among soybean introductions from northeast China, south and central China,Indonesia, Japan, and Korea was .09, .08, .03, .37, and .30, respectively.