gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cutting edge: anti-CD1 monoclonal antibody treatment reverses the production patterns of TGF-beta 2 and Th1 cytokines and ameliorates listeriosis in mice. (1999)

Protection against intracellular bacteria by T cells is regulated by Ag-presenting molecules, which comprise classical MHC class I molecules, MHC class II molecules, and nonclassical MHC class Ib molecules. The role of CD1 molecules, which are structurally similar to classical MHC class I gene products, but less polymorphic, is not understood so far. We show that CD1 surface expression increased on APC in Listeria-infected mice. The in vivo treatment with anti-CD1 mAb reduced TGF-beta 2 levels and concomitantly increased secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF, the Th1 cell promoting cytokine IL-12, and the Th1 cell cytokine IFN-gamma at the onset of listerial infection. These findings point to a regulatory role of CD1-reactive cells in the immune response against listeriosis.
Nuclear Receptor DAX1 in Human Prostate Cancer: A Novel Independent Biological Modulator (2009)

The orphan nuclear receptor DAX1 (dosage-sensitive sex reversal-AHC critical region on the X chromosome gene 1; NR0B1) has been known for its various roles in human development, specifically sex determination and steroidogenesis. Its expression has been reported in endocrine and sex steroid-dependent neoplasms such as human adrenocortical, pituitary, endometrial, and ovarian tumors. Prostate cancer is also sex steroid-dependent tumor in which androgens play important roles in the pathogenesis and development via androgen receptor (AR). DAX1 is also reported to repress AR activity in human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) but its biological roles have remained unclear in the human prostate cancer. The aim of this study is to examine the expression of DAX1 in human prostate cancer using immunohistochemistry in order to evaluate its possible biological and/or clinical significance. In this study, we examined the DAX1 immunoreactivity in human prostate cancer obtained from surgery (n = 40), and correlated the findings with clinicopathological features of the patients. Twenty-one cases were defined as positive cases for DAX1 immunoreactivity (53%). Immunoreactivity for DAX1 was inversely and significantly correlated with Gleason score (P<0.05). However, DAX1 immunoreactivity was not significantly correlated with the status of sex steroid receptors we examined. DAX1 immunoreactivity is considered a new biological modulator of human prostate cancer, but independent to the status of sex steroid receptors in human prostate cancer tissues.
Relative Contributions of Connexins 40 and 43 to Atrial Impulse Propagation in Synthetic Strands of Neonatal and Fetal Murine Cardiomyocytes (2006)

Atrial tissue expresses both connexin 40 (Cx40) and 43 (Cx43) proteins. To assess the relative roles of Cx40 and Cx43 in atrial electrical propagation, we synthesized cultured strands of atrial myocytes derived from mice with genetic deficiency in Cx40 or Cx43 expression and measured propagation velocity (PV) by high-resolution optical mapping of voltage-sensitive dye fluorescence. The amount of Cx40 and/or Cx43 in gap junctions was measured by immunohistochemistry and total or sarcolemmal Cx43 or Cx40 protein by immunoblotting. Progressive genetic reduction in Cx43 expression decreased PV from 34+/-6 cm/sec in Cx43(+/+) to 30+/-8 cm/sec in Cx43(+/-) and 19+/-11 cm/sec in Cx43(-/-) cultures. Concomitantly, the cell area occupied by Cx40 immunosignal in gap junctions decreased from 2.0+/-1.6% in Cx43(+/+) to 1.7+/-0.5% in Cx43(+/-) and 1.0+/-0.2% in Cx43(-/-) strands. In contrast, progressive genetic reduction in Cx40 expression increased PV from 30+/-2 cm/sec in Cx40(+/+) to 40+/-7 cm/sec in Cx40(+/-) and 45+/-10 cm/sec in Cx40(-/-) cultures. Concomitantly, the cell area occupied by Cx43 immunosignal in gap junctions increased from 1.2+/-0.9% in Cx40(+/+) to 2.8+/-1.4% in Cx40(+/-) and 3.1+/-0.6% in Cx40(-/-) cultures. In accordance with the immunostaining results, immunoblots of the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction revealed an increase of Cx43 in gap junctions in extracts from Cx40-ablated atria, whereas total cellular Cx43 remained unchanged. Our results suggest that the relative abundance of Cx43 and Cx40 is an important determinant of atrial impulse propagation in neonatal hearts, whereby dominance of Cx40 decreases and dominance of Cx43 increases local propagation velocity.
Solute adsorption to surfaces of articular cartilage explants: apparent versus actual partition coefficients (2012)

Solute transport is important to biological activities and contrast agent-based imaging of articular cartilage. Solute partitioning, which characterizes equilibrium concentration distributions within tissues, is typically measured assuming that solute is distributed within the tissue volume. However, solutes also adsorb to cartilage surfaces. Ignoring this adsorption results in measurements of apparent partition coefficients (Ka) significantly greater than actual ones (K). A theoretical model was developed to predict the resulting errors in partition coefficient measurements and to estimate K based on Ka data. These errors increase as explant surface/volume ratio (S/V) increases. A range of solutes including 3 or 4 kDa and 40 kDa dextrans, chondroitin sulfate, insulin and myoglobin conjugated to three different fluorophores (fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) and carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)) and fluorophores alone were studied. Experiments showed significant increases in Ka with S/V for FITC and TRITC and their conjugates. For TAMRA, while increased S/V increased Ka of dextrans, it did not affect Ka of chondroitin sulfate, insulin, myoglobin or TAMRA alone. S/V had the most significant effect on Ka for TRITC and its conjugates and smallest effects for TAMRA and its conjugates. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed solute accumulation at cartilage surfaces for all solutes, with strongest adsorption for TAMRA and weakest for FITC. Consistent with theory, under these extreme conditions Ka was less affected by adsorption; otherwise differences between K and Ka were significant. Differences in adsorption and transport properties of solutes labeled with different fluorophores highlighted the importance of molecular-level solute–matrix interactions on solute transport in cartilage.
Silicon Carbide Wafer Bonding (1995)

~-SiC layers produced on Si substrates by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition have been transferred onto oxidized Si substrates by bonding and etchbaek.For SiC films with a mean surface roughness of about 20 A, room temperature bonding to smooth oxidized Si wafers is possible under the influence of an external force.For 4 in.diam substrates, bonding of ~85% of the area was obtained.Sections of the SiC/St layer of the bonded pair peeled off when the Si substrate of the SiC layer is thinned down to ~150 txm and below.This is probably caused by the low interface fracture energy due to trapped air at the bonding interface and by outgassing from the thermal oxide of SiC in addition to the film stress.Multistep annealing at 1100~ between KOH etches of the Si substrate can enhance the interface fracture energy of the bonded pairs.A densifieation step of the SiC thermal oxide after dry oxidation helps to reduce the trapped gas in the oxide.Auger and transmission electron microscopy results have verified that the transferred SiC layer retains its original properties.
Catalysts and Reaction Pathways for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide (2015)

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 has gained significant interest recently as it has the potential to trigger a sustainable solar-fuel-based economy. In this Perspective, we highlight several heterogeneous and molecular electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 and discuss the reaction pathways through which they form various products. Among those, copper is a unique catalyst as it yields hydrocarbon products, mostly methane, ethylene, and ethanol, with acceptable efficiencies. As a result, substantial effort has been invested to determine the special catalytic properties of copper and to elucidate the mechanism through which hydrocarbons are formed. These mechanistic insights, together with mechanistic insights of CO2 reduction on other metals and molecular complexes, can provide crucial guidelines for the design of future catalyst materials able to efficiently and selectively reduce CO2 to useful products.
Ocular novel drug delivery: impacts of membranes and barriers (2008)

The ocular barriers are highly specialized and selectively control the inward/outward traverse of compounds, hence a better understanding of these biological obstacles would provide a platform to advance ophthalmic drug therapy towards specified delivery/targeting with minimal adverse consequences.
Early Induction of Proinflammatory Cytokine and Type I Interferon mRNAs Following Newcastle Disease Virus, Poly [rI:rC], or Low-Dose LPS Challenge of the Mouse (1997)

Numerous cytokines induce symptoms characteristic of the flu syndrome common to acute viral infections. To better characterize the cytokine mRNA profile associated with the early phase of this syndrome, we examined the induction of cytokine mRNAs in spleens of mice 1, 2, and 4 h following intraperitoneal inoculation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect mRNAs for mouse proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and interferon (IFN)-gamma] and type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 4 and IFN-beta). We observed a rapid (within 2 h) induction of most of these cytokine mRNAs in the mouse spleen following challenge with live NDV or the viral stimulant poly[rI:rC]. IL-1 beta, M-CSF, and IFN-gamma mRNAs were also induced by heat-inactivated NDV, suggesting the possibility of endotoxin contamination of the virus (confirmed by Limulus lysate assay). Examination of cytokine induction by comparable doses of lipopolysaccharide indicated that endotoxin contamination could account for the cytokine mRNA-inducing activity of the heat-inactivated virus. These studies point to a critical control (heat-inactivated virus) for viral cytokine studies. In addition, they indicate that certain cytokine mRNAs (IL-1 alpha, IL-6, M-CSF, IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha, and IFN-beta) are rapidly induced in the spleen when live virus is inoculated intraperitoneally, independently of contaminating endotoxin.
Superconductive multi-chip module process for high speed digital applications (1997)

We report on the development of a superconducting multi-chip module (MCM) process for high speed digital packaging applications, which allows superconducting microstrip connections of superconducting chips with impedances up to 50 /spl Omega/. The MCM process uses a low temperature polymer, benzocyclobutene (BCB) dielectric, which has excellent planarization properties (>90%). The six mask MCM process uses three Nb wire layers, two BCB layers, and Ti/Pd/Au for the pad metallization. To maximize yield of 32 mm square MCM die, we optimized Nb deposition and BCB curing parameters to minimize stress-induced failures and reduce defect density. Current-carrying capabilities of signal lines and vias (5 /spl mu/m minimum design rule) are in excess of 20 mA//spl mu/m linewidth. We discuss successful packaging of superconducting chips, demonstrating error-free operation up to 5 Gbit/s, and other process improvements, such as the use of NbN wiring for 10 K operation.
Transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 is enhanced in transformed mammary epithelial cells. (1996)

Cancers form more prostaglandins than the normal tissues from which they arise. Cyclooxygenase-2 (prostaglandin H synthase-2, PGHS-2, EC 1.14.99.1), an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, is inducible in epithelial cells. We investigated whether transformation of mammary cells was associated with up-regulation of Cox-2 as a basis for increased production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by these cells. This hypothesis was tested in two pairs of mammary cell lines between which the mode of transformation (viral versus oncogene) differed. Virally transformed RIII/Pr1 cells, which are highly tumorigenic in mice, produced markedly increased amounts of PGE2 compared to virally initiated RIII/MG cells, a weakly tumorigenic strain. Cox-2 mRNA and protein were increased concomitantly in RIII/Pr1 cells. Similarly, Ras-induced transformation of C57/MG cells resulted in increased levels of Cox-2 mRNA and protein and increased production of PGE2. Nuclear run-offs revealed increased rates of Cox-2 transcription in the virally transformed and oncogene-transformed cell lines. Transient transfection experiments demonstrated that the oncogenes src and ras up-regulated Cox-2 promoter activity. Src-mediated up-regulation of Cox-2 promoter activity was suppressed by dominant negative ras. Our data indicate that cellular transformation is associated with enhanced transcription of Cox-2 and increased production of PGE2.
Protein Synthesis in Toluene‐Treated Escherichia coli Exclusive Synthesis of Membrane Proteins (1976)

Toluene‐treated Escherichia coli K12 cells were shown to be able to synthesize proteins. Protein synthesis in cells treated with toluene in the presence of Mg 2+ and at 0 oC, was completely dependent upon the external addition of an energy source, ATP, and was sensitive to antibiotics which are known to inhibit protein synthesis. The toluene‐treated cells were shown to exclusively synthesize membrane proteins.
Integrated control of distributed volume visaulization through the World-Wide-Web (1994)

The World-Wide-Web (WWW) has created a new paradigm for online information retrieval by providing immediate and ubiquitous access to digital information of any type from data repositories located throughout the world. The web's development enables not only effective access for the generic user but also more efficient and timely information exchange among scientists and researchers. We have extended the capabilities of the web to include access to three-dimensional volume data sets with integrated control of a distributed client-server volume visualization system. This paper provides a brief background on the World-Wide-Web, an overview of the extensions necessary to support these new data types and a description of an implementation of this approach in a WWW-compliant distributed visualization system. >
Physical characterization of platelet thrombospondin. (1981)

A hydrodynamic model of the high molecular weight platelet glycoprotein thrombospondin is formulated from physical solution measurements of molecular weight, partial specific volume, sedimentation coefficient, and intrinsic viscosity. Simultaneous sedimentation equilibrium analysis of thrombospondin in buffered saline prepared in H2O and D2O yielded values of 420,000 and 0.714 ml/g for the molecular weight and partial specific volume, respectively. A sedimentation coefficient of 8.6 S was found to be independent of the protein concentration over the range 0-6 mg/ml. The intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 40 ml/g at 20 degrees C for native thrombospondin and 52 ml/g for thrombospondin in the presence of 6 M guanidine-HCl. Based on these values thrombospondin is best described as a prolate ellipsoid with an axial ratio of 9.3. This model agrees well with the electron microscopic image of thrombospondin as a nodular rod (7 X 65 nm)-shaped molecule with an axial ratio of 10. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that thrombospondin is comprised of three 140,000-dalton polypeptide chains. The percentage of residues in alpha-helix was calculated to be only 3% from the circular dichroism spectrum.
Fluorescent sensors of molecular recognition. Modified cyclodextrins capable of exhibiting guest-responsive twisted intramolecular charge transfer fluorescence (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescent sensors of molecular recognition. Modified cyclodextrins capable of exhibiting guest-responsive twisted intramolecular charge transfer fluorescenceKeita Hamasaki, Hiroshi Ikeda, Asao Nakamura, Akihiko Ueno, Fujio Toda, Iwao Suzuki, and Tetsuo OsaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 12, 5035–5040Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00065a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3010Altmetric-Citations253LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Probabilistic Multimodality Fusion for Event based Home Photo Clustering (2006)

This paper presents a novel probabilistic approach to fusing multimodal metadata for event based home photo clustering. Photo events are characterized by the coherence of multimodality including time, content and camera settings. We incorporate these multimodal metadata into a unified probabilistic framework, in which event is taken as a latent semantic concept and discovered by fitting a generative model through an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. This approach is general and unsupervised, without any training procedure or predefined threshold. The experimental evaluations on 14 k photos taken by 10 amateur photographers have indicated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework in browsing and searching personal photo collections
A propÛsito da investigação sobre a quest„o da culpa (2005)

Gostaria de solicitar que o escrito anexo seja publicado o mais rápido possível e com o devido destaque. A resposta oficial da Entente a respeito da proposta de criar, por iniciativa alemã, uma comissão independente para tratar da questão referente às responsabilidades da guerra esbarrou em forte e notável recusa. O transcurso das atuais negociações, que vêm sendo realizadas em Berna, dá a entender – segundo pessoas bem informadas e bem relacionadas com a contraparte – ser aconselhável que tal iniciativa seja tomada por pessoas outras que não representem o lado social-democrata independente. Que a presente carta seja escrita por uma única pessoa, e justamente por mim, deve-se a uma série complexa de motivos
Mask induced polarization effects at high NA (2005)

It is important to understand how a photomask will polarize incident radiation. This paper presents data collected on binary mask and various attenuated phase shifting mask materials, feature sizes, duty ratios, and illumination schemes via rigorous coupled wave analysis, extinction spectroscopy, and 193nm lithographic evaluation. Additionally, the result of polarization effects due to the photomask on imaging has been studied. It was found that in the majority of the cases, higher NA led to greater polarization effects. All mask materials predominantly pass the TM polarization state for the 0 order, whereas different materials and duty ratios affect the polarization of the first diffracted orders differently. The polarization effects contributed by mask materials being considered for use in high NA imaging systems need to be examined. The degree of polarization as a function of <i>n</i> and <i>k</i> is presented, providing an introduction to the desirable properties of future mask materials. Materials with higher refractive indices and lower extinction coefficients tend to pass more of the TM polarization state, which is undesirable. Materials with lower indices and relatively wide range of extinction coefficients pass more TE polarized radiation. The duty ratio, critical dimension, mask material, material thickness, and illumination scheme all influence mask induced polarization effects.
Development of Indoor Navigation System for Humanoid Robot Using Multi-sensors Integration (2007)

This paper proposes the 3D navigation for humanoid&#13;\nrobot navigation by using integration of ultrasonic sensor,&#13;\nIMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) and commands which&#13;\ncontrol the humanoid robot. The navigation using ultrasonic&#13;\nsensor is improved by analyzing the relation of ultrasonic&#13;\nTOA (Time of Arrival) and signal strength and solving&#13;\nsynchronization problem in moving condition. In this paper,&#13;\nExtended Kalman filter model for the humanoid robot is&#13;\nrepresented with only position measurement or position and&#13;\nvelocity measurements.&#13;\nThe performance of the proposed approach is verified&#13;\nthrough various tests using toy train. Consequently, we&#13;\nimplemented a 3D indoor navigation system operating in&#13;\n10Hz with 9cm accuracy in 3D position error.
In vitro emergence of quinolone-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Serratia marcescens (1990)

Norfloxacin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants of several Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens isolates occurred at frequencies of greater than or equal to 10(-7)/CFU, which were higher than those of Escherichia coli isolates, in accordance with the increasing emergence of less-susceptible or resistant strains in clinical isolates of E. cloacae and S. marcescens.
New Aspects of the Mode of Action of Nonsteroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (1974)

This review surveys recent work on the possible mode of action and on the effects of that group of drugs variously known as non-narcotic analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin-like drugs, antiphlogistic acids, and so on. These drugs show, to a greater or lesser degree, the therapeutic properties of reducing pain, inflammation. and fever and the side effects of causing gastrointestinal irritation and renal pathology. Some aspects of the pharmacology of these drugs have previously been reyiewed in this series (I. 2).