gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of the D 2 dopamine receptor (D 2 R) in A 2A adenosine receptor (A 2A R)-mediated behavioral and cellular responses as revealed by A 2A and D 2 receptor knockout mice (2001)

The A(2A)R is largely coexpressed with D(2)Rs and enkephalin mRNA in the striatum where it modulates dopaminergic activity. Activation of the A(2A)R antagonizes D(2)R-mediated behavioral and neurochemical effects in the basal ganglia through a mechanism that may involve direct A(2A)R-D(2)R interaction. However, whether the D(2)R is required for the A(2A)R to exert its neural function is an open question. In this study, we examined the role of D(2)Rs in A(2A)R-induced behavioral and cellular responses, by using genetic knockout (KO) models (mice deficient in A(2A)Rs or D(2)Rs or both). Behavioral analysis shows that the A(2A)R agonist 2-4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine reduced spontaneous as well as amphetamine-induced locomotion in both D(2) KO and wild-type mice. Conversely, the nonselective adenosine antagonist caffeine and the A(2A)R antagonist 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine produced motor stimulation in mice lacking the D(2)R, although the stimulation was significantly attenuated. At the cellular level, A(2A)R inactivation counteracted the increase in enkephalin expression in striatopallidal neurons caused by D(2)R deficiency. Consistent with the D(2) KO phenotype, A(2A)R inactivation partially reversed both acute D(2)R antagonist (haloperidol)-induced catalepsy and chronic haloperidol-induced enkephalin mRNA expression. Together, these results demonstrate that A(2A)Rs elicit behavioral and cellular responses despite either the genetic deficiency or pharmacological blockade of D(2)Rs. Thus, A(2A)R-mediated neural functions are partially independent of D(2)Rs. Moreover, endogenous adenosine acting at striatal A(2A)Rs may be most accurately viewed as a facilitative modulator of striatal neuronal activity rather than simply as an inhibitory modulator of D(2)R neurotransmission.
400. CD269 (BCMA)-Specific CAR-Expressing T Cells Dramatically Eradicate Myeloma Cells from Bone Marrow of an Orthotopic Multiple Myeloma Mouse Model (2016)

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy of plasma cells. During the past decade, overall survival rate of multiple myeloma have been improved. These improvements are linked to the induction of novel drugs with different mechanism of action such as proteasome inhibitors and immnomodulatory drugs. However, MM remains in most cases an incurable disease, and new therapeutic strategies are urgently required for radical cure or continued disease control. During recent years, some dramatic responses were reported using T cells expressing CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptors (CAR). Therefore, CAR therapy could also be a promising new therapeutic strategy for MM. CD269 (also known as BCMA: B-cell maturation antigen) is a membrane protein that is selectively expressed on B-cell lineages and on plasma cells including myeloma cells. Our goal of this study is to verify whether treatment with CD269-specific CAR-expressing T cells can eradicate myeloma cells from bone marrow of tumor-bearing NOG mice. Methods: Firstly, we uniquely developed monoclonal antibodies against human CD269. Next, we designed and verified novel CD269-specific CAR. The CD269-CAR recombinant retroviral vector encodes the MoMLV (Moloney murine leukemia virus) retroviral backbone and the 3.3E-28z CAR. The 3.3E-28z CAR consists of an anti-human CD269 scFv that was derived from the 3.3E mouse hybridoma, a portion of the human CD28 molecule and the intracellular domain of the human CD3ζ molecule. Results: CD269-specific CAR-expressing T cells show redirected cytolysis toward CD269-positive U266 human MM-derived cells, but not CD269-negative K562 cells. Luciferase-expressing U266 cells that were injected into the cardiac chamber of NOG mice, selectively infiltrated to bone marrow. Six weeks after tumor inoculation, we injected saline, non-CAR gene-modified T cells, or CAR gene-modified T cells (GMCs) into the cardiac chamber of tumor-bearing mice. In the group of GMC injection, U266 cells were dramatically eradicated from bone marrow. Conclusion: Although the efficacy of BCMA-CAR has been demonstrated by previous study using intradermal models of MM, our challenge is the first report that presents with orthotopic models of MM. Our results are more appropriate for predicting the efficacy of CD269-CAR in the treatment of MM. We conclude that adoptive transfer of CD269-CAR-expressing T cells could be a promising option for patient with MM.
Scalable ad-hoc entity extraction from text collections (2008)

Supporting entity extraction from large document collections is important for enabling a variety of important data analysis tasks. In this paper, we introduce the "ad-hoc" entity extraction task where entities of interest are constrained to be from a list of entities that is specific to the task. In such scenarios, traditional entity extraction techniques that process all the documents for each ad-hoc entity extraction task can be significantly expensive. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach that leverages the inverted index on the documents to identify the subset of documents relevant to the task and processes only those documents. We demonstrate the efficiency of our techniques on real datasets.
DNA–polyfluorophore excimers as sensitive reporters for esterases and lipases (2010)

DNA-scaffolded oligodeoxyriboside fluorophores (ODFs) were used as the reporters in turn-on sensing of enzymatic bond-cleaving activity. A tetramer ODF of pyrene deoxynucleosides displayed high quenching efficiency when conjugated via ester linkages with a dabcyl quencher, and yielded large signal increases with several enzymes in vitro and in intact human cells.
Subxyphoid access of the normal pericardium: A novel drug delivery technique (1999)

The pericardial space may potentially serve as a drug delivery reservoir that might be used to deliver therapeutic substances to the heart. This study describes a novel delivery technique that enables safe and rapid percutaneous subxyphoid access of the normal pericardium in a large animal model (49 Yorkshire pigs). An epidural introducer needle (Tuohy-17) is advanced gently under fluoroscopic guidance with a continuous positive pressure of 20–30 mm Hg (achieved by saline infusion using an intraflow system). The positive pressure is intended to push the right ventricle (with a lower pressure) away from the needle's path. Entry of the pericardial space is suspected after an increase in the saline flow through the intraflow system. Access to the pericardial space is confirmed by the injection of 1 ml of diluted contrast under fluoroscopy. A soft floppy-tip 0.025” guidewire is then advanced to the pericardial space and the needle is exchanged for an infusion catheter. Access of the pericardial space was achieved in all animals without any adverse events and without any hemodynamic compromise even with the delivery of fluid volumes as large as 50 ml. Histologic examination in 15 animals 4 weeks after pericardial access did not reveal any delivery-related myocardial damage. The safety, ease, and absence of hemodynamic compromise make this technique a potentially useful method for intrapericardial drug delivery and a good alternative to standard pericardiocentesis in patients with small pericardial effusions at higher risk for complications. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 47:109–111, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PHYSICS OF OPEN SYSTEMS (1986)

Abstract The physics as a fundamental and active branch of natural science is still celebrated for its perfect exactness through mathematical formulations. But, just in order to keeping this exactness the generality and possibility of physics to describe a variety of phenomena of our real nature are limite seriously. Once the limitation, at first, of physical concept and then of mathematical method is broken down, then the physics will be able to better approach true world. Today we are all standing at such a threshold of the physics beginning to break the traditional bounds of isolated systems and also of linearization of mathematics. Modern development of non-physical sciences, for example, chemistry, biology, even social sciences and others requires urgently to establish reliable principles and a solid ground of physics of open systems. The modern achievements in physics enable us now also to work that out along this way. In the present paper we will start with the simplest facts to outline some views which may be easily overlooked in practice and then ultimately continue to point out a general principle that may be very fundamental for all branches of natural science, the so-called Maximum Entropy Principle worked out by Jaynes. There are many indications showing that this principle is important not only for physical processes based on the analysis of phase space for the classical case and of Hilbert space for the quantum case but also important for technical works concerning probability and statistics.
cRGD‐Functionalized Polymer Micelles for Targeted Doxorubicin Delivery (2004)

Targeting micelles: Cyclic pentapeptide cRGDfK (red triangles), which targets integrin αvβ3, was conjugated to the outer shell of doxorubicin-loaded (red hexagons) polymeric micelles by using a post-micelle modification method. The modified micelles significantly enhanced their internalization (up to 30-fold) by receptor-mediated endocytosis in tumor endothelial cells overexpressing the αvβ3 receptor. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z460800_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Evaluation of the Short-Term Stability of Specimens for Clinical Laboratory Testing (2015)

Sample denaturation is clearly temperature- and storage-duration dependent for almost all analytes. In general, specimens were most susceptible to denaturation at 23°C, then 4°C, -20°C, and -80°C. This study confirmed the accumulated routine, practice-based, detailed knowledge regarding specimen stability and will help to ensure the reliability of laboratory test results.
Application of the partial 16S rDNA sequence as an index for rapid identification of species in the genus Bacillus. (2000)

A comparison of 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequences was made among type strains of 69 Bacillus species approved in the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJSB) until 1998. The results suggested that 5' end region (approx. 275 bp) was the hypervariant region (HV region) in the gene and was highly specific for each type strain. Furthermore, a sequence analysis of the HV region of Bacillus strains revealed that this region was highly conserved within the species. These results indicate that the HV region is a useful index for the identification or grouping of Bacillus species.
A defective Vkappa A2 allele in Navajos which may play a role in increased susceptibility to haemophilus influenzae type b disease. (1996)

The antibody response to H. influenzae type b (Hib) is pauciclonal, and is dominated by antibodies using the VkappaA2 gene. Navajos have a 5-10-fold increased incidence of Hib disease compared with control populations. We hypothesized that a polymorphism in one of the genes in this oligoclonal response may lead to increased disease susceptibility. Since the predominant A2+ anti-Hib antibodies have high avidity for Hib and can be unmutated, the A2 Vkappa gene was analyzed. Over half of the Navajos studied, but only one control individual, had a new allele of A2, termed A2b, with three changes from the published A2 germline sequence. One of the changes was in the recombination signal sequence, suggesting that the A2b allele might not undergo V-J rearrangement very frequently. This possibility was confirmed by analyzing the relative frequency of non-productive A2 rearrangements in A2a/b heterozygous Navajos. Many fewer A2b rearrangements were observed, showing that the A2b allele is defective in its ability to undergo rearrangement. The prevalence of this allele in Navajos may play a role in their increased susceptibility to invasive Hib disease. If so, it would underscore the importance of the germline Ig repertoire for protective antibody responses to pathogenic bacteria in unimmunized children.
Polystyrene-Supported Benzenesulfonyl Azide:  A Diazo Transfer Reagent That Is Both Efficient and Safe (2001)

Polystyrene-Supported Benzenesulfonyl Azide: A Diazo Transfer\nReagent That Is Both Efficient and Safe.
Nanopatterning Phospholipid Bilayers (2000)

A nanolithography method for altering the composition of supported phospholipid bilayers has been developed. Although a number of lithography procedures for various chemical systems currently exist, these methods typically rely on covalent bonding to stabilize the resulting structure. The method described here is suitable for an entirely noncovalent system, where the pattern is maintained by specific hydrophobic and other noncovalent interactions. This lithography is achieved by the atomic force microscope, which is used to insert phospholipid molecules into a supported reconstituted high-density lipoprotein−phospholipid bilayer with 20 nm line widths. Lipid molecules are delivered to the supported bilayer through transient structural disruption, forcing the acceptance of new lipid monomers into the bilayer structure. Precoating the atomic force microscope tip with specific lipids is sufficient to deliver new lipid to the patterned areas. These results demonstrate a new method for controlling the structure of highly dynamic noncovalent surface assemblies.
Molecular manipulations of the multidrug transporter: a new role for transgenic mice 1 (1991)

Multidrug resistance in human cancer is associated with overexpression of the MDR1 gene which encodes a 170,000 molecular weight membrane glycoprotein that transports cytotoxic drugs out of cancer cells. The MDR1 gene is normally expressed in intestine, kidney, liver, and adrenal glands, and in tumors derived from these tissues, but it is not expressed in normal bone marrow. Transgenic mice that express the MDR1 gene in their bone marrow have been developed, and because of this expression these mice are resistant to the bone marrow-suppressive effects of daunomycin, doxorubicin, taxol, and several other anticancer drugs. These mice can be used in several different ways to develop new types of drugs to treat human cancer.--Pastan, I.; Willingham, M. C.; Gottesman, M. Molecular manipulations of the multidrug transporter: a new role for transgenic mice.
Inside Microsoft Windows 2000 (2000)

From the Publisher:
Windows 2000 is the next generation operating system platform that provides high availability, advanced scalability, and large memory support based on the Intel 64-bit chip with its extensive multiprocessing features, powerful floating-point arithmetic extensions, and multimedia-specific instructions. Windows 2000 is designed to address the most demanding business needs of today's Internet-based world including e-commerce, data mining, online transaction-processing, memory-intensive high-end graphics, complex mathematics, and high-performance multimedia applications.
Towards Controlled Growth and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

This thesis deals with growth, characterization and application of carbon nanotubes. The methods involved in the production of carbon nanotubes are thermal chemical vapor deposition (T-CVD) and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD). Thermal-CVD has been successfully employed in synthesis of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). &lt;p&gt;The understanding of the MWCNT growth was performed by studying the effects of influential parameters such as: carbon feedstock molec?les, size of catalytic iron (Fe) particles and temperature. A growth mechanism for MWCNT was proposed. &lt;br&gt;Using the PE-CVD method we investigated the growth of MWCNT catalyzed by Fe and of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) catalyzed by nickel (Ni). &lt;p&gt;Using Fe as a catalyst, carbon nanotube carpet-like films were grown with exceptionally high growth rate. The selective growth of individual VANCFs within a hole etched in Si is demonstrated. The Ni catalyzed growth of VACNFs was investigated for different metal underlayers, namely: Pt, Pd, Ti, Mo, W and Cr. This study was carried out on continuous films and on patterned Ni dots. We observed that the Si/metal interaction occurring during growth plays a vital role in VACNFs formation on W, Mo, Pt and Pd metals. Structural and spectroscopic properties of the nanotube films were determined using electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. &lt;p&gt;All these results represents intermediate steps towards integration of MWCNT/ VACNFs into CNT-based devices. Making use of the thermal and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes, aligned MWCNT were tested in a microcooler channel device, while the VACNFs were involved in fabrication and measurement of nanoeletromechanical systems.
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous l-ornithine-l-aspartate on postural control in patients with cirrhosis (2010)

In the LOLA group, an improvement of posturographic control and PSE Syndrome Test was observed, but a similar improvement was also achieved by the placebo. In LOLA, ammonia levels tended to decrease while they tended to increase in the placebo group. LOLA might augment the improvement achieved by intravenous fluids alone but a larger cohort will be needed to show this effect with statistical significance.
Intron-mediated improvement of a selectable marker gene for plant transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens (1997)

In binary vectors, the antibiotic resistance gene used for selection of transformed plant cells is also usually expressed in the transforming Agrobacterium cells. This expression gives the bacterium antibiotic resistance, an unnecessary advantage on selective medium containing the antibiotic. Insertion of a castor bean catalase-1 (CAT-1) gene intron or a Parasponia andersonii haemoglobin gene intron into the coding region of the selectable marker gene, hph, completely abolished the expression of the gene in Agrobacterium, rendering it susceptible to hygromycin B. Use of these modified binary vectors minimized the overgrowth of Agrobacterium during plant transformation. Both of the introns were correctly spliced in plant cells and significantly enhanced hph gene expression in transformed rice tissue. The presence of these introns in the hph coding sequence not only maintained the selection efficiency of the hph gene, but with the CAT-1 intron also substantially increased the frequency of rice transformation. Transgenic lines with an intron-hph gene generally contained fewer gene copies and produced substantially more mRNA of the predicted size. Our results also indicate that transgenic plants with many copies of the transgene were more likely to show gene silencing than plants with 1-3 copies.
Members of the NPF3 Transporter Subfamily Encode Pathogen-Inducible Nitrate/Nitrite Transporters in Grapevine and Arabidopsis (2013)

Vitis vinifera, the major grapevine species cultivated for wine production, is very susceptible to Erysiphe necator, the causal agent of powdery mildew (PM). This obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen attacks both leaf and berry, greatly affecting yield and quality. To investigate possible mechanisms of nutrient acquisition by successful biotrophs, we characterized a candidate NITRATE TRANSPORTER1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER FAMILY (NPF, formerly NRT1/PTR) member, grapevine NFP3.2, that was up-regulated in E. necator-inoculated susceptible V. vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon leaves, but not in resistant V. aestivalis Norton. Expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes and two-electrode voltage clamp measurements showed that VvNPF3.2 is a low-affinity transporter for both nitrate and nitrite and displays characteristics of NPF members from other plants. We also cloned the Arabidopsis ortholog, AtNPF3.1, and showed that AtNPF3.1 similarly transported nitrate and nitrite with low affinity. With an Arabidopsis triple mutant that is susceptible to E. necator, we found that AtNPF3.1 is up-regulated in the leaves of infected Arabidopsis similarly to VvNPF3.2 in susceptible grapevine leaves. Expression of the reporter β-glucuronidase (GUS) driven by the promoter of VvNPF3.2 or AtNPF3.1 in Arabidopsis indicated that both transporters are expressed in vascular tissue, with expression in major and minor veins, respectively. Interestingly, the promoter of VvNPF3.2 allowed induced expression of GUS in minor veins in PM-infected leaves. Our experiments lay the groundwork for investigating the manipulation of host nutrient distribution by biotrophic pathogens and characterizing physiological variables in the pathogenesis of this difficult to study grapevine disease.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Blue Luminescent Alkyl/Alkenyl‐Passivated Silicon Nanoparticles (2007)

A mechanochemical method for the simultaneous one-step production and functionalization of silicon nanoparticles is presented. Fresh surface created through mechanical attrition of the silicon during high energy ball milling (HEBM) allows for direct reaction between the silicon and the reactive alkene or alkyne media, resulting in a covalent linkage. The resulting nanoparticles exhibit strong blue luminescence, indicative of small nanoparticle sizes and a functionalized surface.
EBI1/CCR7 Is a New Member of Dendritic Cell Chemokine Receptor That Is Up-Regulated upon Maturation (1998)

Dendritic cells (DC) that are stimulated with inflammatory mediators can maturate and migrate from nonlymphoid tissues to lymphoid organs to initiate T cell-mediated immune responses. This migratory step is closely related to the maturation of the DC. In an attempt to identify chemokine receptors that might influence migration and are selectively expressed in mature DC, we have discovered that the chemokine receptor, EBI1/CCR7, is strikingly up-regulated upon maturation in three distinct culture systems: 1) mouse bone marrow-derived DC, 2) mouse epidermal Langerhans cells, and 3) human monocyte-derived DC. The EBI1/CCR7 expressed in mature DC is functional because ELC/MIP-3beta, recently identified as a ligand of EBI1/CCR7, induces a rise in intracellular free calcium concentrations and directional migration of human monocyte-derived mature DC (HLA-DRhigh, CD1a(low), CD14-, CD25+, CD83+, and CD86high) in a dose-dependent manner, but not of immature DC (HLA-DRlow, CD1a(high), CD14-, CD25-, CD83-, and CD86-). In contrast, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3), and RANTES are active on immature DC but not on mature DC. Thus, it seems likely that MIP-1alpha, MCP-3, and RANTES can mediate the migration of immature DC located in peripheral sites, whereas ELC/MIP-3beta can direct the migration of Ag-carrying DC from peripheral inflammatory sites, where DC are stimulated to up-regulate the expression of EBI1/CCR7, to lymphoid organs. It is postulated that different chemokines and chemokine receptors are involved in DC migration in vivo, depending on the maturation state of DC.