gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probiotics: contributions to oral health (2007)

Probiotics have been extensively studied for their health-promoting effects. The main field of research has been in the gastrointestinal tract. However, in the past few years probiotics have also been investigated in the oral health perspective, which is the topic of the present review. We discuss the mechanisms of bacterial adhesion, potential of probiotics in oral cavity colonization, interspecies interactions, and possible effects on immunomodulation, and means of probiotic administration. We suggest that probiotic treatment of diseases other than dental caries and periodontal disease should also be systematically investigated. In general, hardly any randomized controlled trials have been conducted in this area and the studies on probiotics vs oral health are still in their cradle. Hence, much more investigations are called for before any evidence-based conclusions can be drawn: if or not probiotic therapy can be recommended for oral health purposes.
Towards elastic transactional cloud storage with range query support (2010)

Cloud storage is an emerging infrastructure that offers Platforms as a Service (PaaS). On such platforms, storage and compute power are adjusted dynamically, and therefore it is important to build a highly scalable and reliable storage that can elastically scale on-demand with minimal startup cost. In this paper, we propose ecStore -- an elastic cloud storage system that supports automated data partitioning and replication, load balancing, efficient range query, and transactional access. In ecStore, data objects are distributed and replicated in a cluster of commodity computer nodes located in the cloud. Users can access data via transactions which bundle read and write operations on multiple data items stored on possibly different cluster nodes. The architecture of ecStore follows a stratum design that leverages an underlying distributed index with a replication layer in the middle and a transaction management layer on top. ecStore provides adaptive read consistency on replicated data. We also enhance the system with an effective load balancing scheme using a self-tuning replication technique that is specially designed for large-scale data. Furthermore, a multi-version optimistic concurrency control scheme matches well with the characteristics of data in cloud storages. To validate the performance of the system, we have conducted extensive experiments on various platforms including a commercial cloud (Amazon's EC2), an in-house cluster, and PlanetLab.
Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 2 in malignant melanoma correlates with the depth of tumor invasion. Implications for tumor progression. (1994)

Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) is a potent regulatory of proliferation and differentiation of both normal and malignant cells. In addition, TGF-beta 2 can exert a variety of immunosuppressive effects, suggesting that the production of this molecule contributes to impaired immunological surveillance of tumor development. In vitro, TGF-beta 2 expression has been demonstrated in cell lines derived from metastatic malignant melanocytes. but not in those derived from normal melanocytes. We sought to evaluate a potential role of TGF-beta 2 in the initiation or progression of malignant melanoma in vivo. We examined by nucleic acid in situ hybridization the expression of TGF-beta 2 mRNA transcripts in 124 melanocytic lesions including metastatic and primary invasive melanomas, melanomas in situ, nevi with architectural disorder and cytologic atypia, ordinary benign melanocytic nevi, and Spitz nevi. All metastatic melanomas and a majority (94%) of primary melanomas invasive to Clark's level III, IV, or V expressed TGF-beta 2 mRNA. A minority (41%) of Clark's level II primary invasive melanomas expressed this factor. All definitive melanomas in situ and nevi were negative. The results suggest that TGF-beta 2 expression in malignant melanoma may be a critical event in the development of deep invasion and metastases in malignant melanoma.
A new approach to pattern metrology (2004)

We describe an approach to pattern metrology that enables the simultaneous determination of critical dimensions, overlay and film thickness. A single optical system captures nonzero- and zero-order diffracted signals from illuminated grating targets, as well as unpatterned regions of the surrounding substrate. Differential targets provide <i>in situ</i> dimensional calibration. CD target signals are analyzed to determine average dimension, profile attributes, and effective dose and defocus. In turn, effective dose and defocus determines all CDs pre-correlated to the dose and focus settings of the exposure tool. Overlay target signals are analyzed to determine the relative reflectivity of the layer pair and the overlay error between them. Compared to commercially available pattern metrology (SEM, optical microscopy, AFM, scatterometry and schnitzlometry), our approach promises improved signal-to-noise, higher throughput and smaller targets. We have dubbed this optical chimera MOXIE (Metrology Of eXtremely Irrational Exuberance).
Intramolecular energy transfer and sensitized luminescence in actinide(III) β-diketone chelates (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular energy transfer and sensitized luminescence in actinide(III) β-diketone chelatesLeonard J. NugentLeonard J. NugentMore by Leonard J. Nugent, J. L. BurnettJ. L. BurnettMore by J. L. Burnett, R. D. BaybarzR. D. BaybarzMore by R. D. Baybarz, George Knoll WernerGeorge Knoll WernerMore by George Knoll Werner, S. P. TannerS. P. TannerMore by S. P. Tanner, J. R. TarrantJ. R. TarrantMore by J. R. Tarrant, and O. L. Keller Jr.O. L. Keller, Jr.More by O. L. Keller, Jr.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1969, 73, 5, 1540–1549Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100725a060https://doi.org/10.1021/j100725a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Donepezil treatment of patients with MCI (2009)

Donepezil demonstrated small but significant improvement on the primary measure of cognition but there was no change on the primary measure of global function. Most other measures of global impairment, cognition, and function were not improved, possibly because these measures are insensitive to change in MCI. Responses on subjective measures suggest subjects perceived benefits with donepezil treatment.
Calcium antagonists in dermatology: A review of the evidence and research-based studies (2005)

Calcium antagonists (CAs) or calcium-channel blockers are a common group of antihypertensive medications. These drugs have the property of blocking the calcium channels of vascular and cardiac smooth muscle fibers. Some of these drugs may inhibit the growth and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, and inhibit the synthesis of extracellular-matrix proteins (collagen, fibronectin, proteoglycans). Other CAs also have immunomodulatory or dysregulatory effects on lymphocytes and can suppress superoxide generation and phagocytic action of neutrophils. Moreover mast cell degranulation and platelet aggregation may also be impaired. On account of these properties, calcium antagonists have also been used for the prevention and treatment of various dermatologic diseases such as erythromelalgia, idiopathic- or CREST-related calcinosis cutis, primary and secondary Raynaud phenomenon, chilblains, chronic anal fissures, keloids, and burn scars. They are also used for prevention of skin flap necrosis in experimental models. Calcium antagonists, apart from their well known and established antihypertensive action, should also be considered as possible therapy for several dermatologic diseases.
See through walls with WiFi! (2013)

Wi-Fi signals are typically information carriers between a transmitter and a receiver. In this paper, we show that Wi-Fi can also extend our senses, enabling us to see moving objects through walls and behind closed doors. In particular, we can use such signals to identify the number of people in a closed room and their relative locations. We can also identify simple gestures made behind a wall, and combine a sequence of gestures to communicate messages to a wireless receiver without carrying any transmitting device. The paper introduces two main innovations. First, it shows how one can use MIMO interference nulling to eliminate reflections off static objects and focus the receiver on a moving target. Second, it shows how one can track a human by treating the motion of a human body as an antenna array and tracking the resulting RF beam. We demonstrate the validity of our design by building it into USRP software radios and testing it in office buildings.
Loss of the imprinted IGF2/cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor results in fetal overgrowth and perinatal lethality. (1994)

Murine embryos that inherit a nonfunctional insulin-like growth factor-II/cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (Igf2r) gene from their fathers are viable and develop normally into adults. However, the majority of mice inheriting the same mutated allele from their mothers die around birth, as a consequence of major cardiac abnormalities. These mice do not express IGF2R in their tissues, are 25-30% larger than their normal siblings, have elevated levels of circulating IGF2 and IGF-binding proteins, and exhibit a slight kink in their tails. These results show that Igf2r is paternally imprinted and reveal that the receptor is crucial for regulating normal fetal growth, circulating levels of IGF2, and heart development.
Regeneration and Plasticity in the Brain and Spinal Cord (2007)

The concept of brain plasticity covers all the mechanisms involved in the capacity of the brain to adjust and remodel itself in response to environmental requirements, experience, skill acquisition, and new challenges including brain lesions. Advances in neuroimaging and neurophysiologic techniques have increased our knowledge of task-related changes in cortical representation areas in the intact and injured human brain. The recognition that neuronal progenitor cells proliferate and differentiate in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus in the adult mammalian brain has raised the hope that regeneration may be possible after brain lesions. Regeneration will require that new cells differentiate, survive, and integrate into existing neural networks and that axons regenerate. To what extent this will be possible is difficult to predict. Current research explores the possibilities to modify endogenous neurogenesis and facilitate axonal regeneration using myelin inhibitory factors. After apoptotic damage in mice new cortical neurons can form long-distance connections. Progenitor cells from the subventricular zone migrate to cortical and subcortical regions after ischemic brain lesions, apparently directed by signals from the damaged region. Postmortem studies on human brains suggest that neurogenesis may be altered in degenerative diseases. Functional and anatomic data indicate that myelin inhibitory factors, cell implantation, and modification of extracellular matrix may be beneficial after spinal cord lesions. Neurophysiologic data demonstrating that new connections are functioning are needed to prove regeneration. Even if not achieving the goal, methods aimed at regeneration can be beneficial by enhancing plasticity in intact brain regions.
The substrates of the cdc2 kinase. (1991)

The eukaryotic cell cycle is characterized by two major events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase). According to the current paradigm of the cell cycle as a cdc2 cycle, both of these events are driven by serine-threonine specific protein kinases encoded by functional homologs of the fission yeast cdc2 gene. To understand how cdc2 kinases function, it is necessary to identify their physiological substrates and to determine how phosphorylation of these substrates promotes cell cycle progression. Definitive information about substrates relevant to early stages of the cell cycle (G1 and S phases) remains scarce, but several likely physiological targets of the mitotic cdc2 kinase have recently been identified. Current evidence indicates that cdc2 kinase may trigger entry of cells into mitosis not only by initiating important regulatory pathways but also by direct phosphorylation of abundant structural proteins.
Phase II Study of Belagenpumatucel-L, a Transforming Growth Factor Beta-2 Antisense Gene-Modified Allogeneic Tumor Cell Vaccine in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2006)

Belagenpumatucel-L is well tolerated, and the survival advantage justifies further phase III evaluation.
Maize Centromeres: Organization and Functional Adaptation in the Genetic Background of Oat (2004)

Centromeric DNA sequences in multicellular eukaryotes are often highly repetitive and are not unique to a specific centromere or to centromeres at all. Thus, it is a major challenge to study the fine structure of individual plant centromeres. We used a DNA fiber-fluorescence in situ hybridization approach to study individual maize (Zea mays) centromeres using oat (Avena sativa)-maize chromosome addition lines. The maize centromere-specific satellite repeat CentC in the addition lines allowed us to delineate the size and organization of centromeric DNA of individual maize chromosomes. We demonstrate that the cores of maize centromeres contain mainly CentC arrays and clusters of a centromere-specific retrotransposon, CRM. CentC and CRM sequences are highly intermingled. The amount of CentC/CRM sequence varies from approximately 300 to >2800 kb among different centromeres. The association of CentC and CRM with centromeric histone H3 (CENH3) was visualized by a sequential detection procedure on stretched centromeres. The analysis revealed that CENH3 is always associated with CentC and CRM but that not all CentC or CRM sequences are associated with CENH3. We further demonstrate that in the chromosomal addition lines in which two CenH3 genes were present, one from oat and one from maize, the oat CENH3 was consistently incorporated by the maize centromeres.
NMDA receptor–dependent signaling pathways that underlie amyloid β‐protein disruption of LTP in the hippocampus (2009)

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population, is characterized by the hippocampal deposition of fibrils formed by amyloid beta-protein (A beta), a 40- to 42-amino-acid peptide. The folding of A beta into neurotoxic oligomeric, protofibrillar, and fibrillar assemblies is believed to mediate the key pathologic event in AD. The hippocampus is especially susceptible in AD and early degenerative symptoms include significant deficits in the performance of hippocampal-dependent cognitive abilities such as spatial learning and memory. Transgenic mouse models of AD that express C-terminal segments or mutant variants of amyloid precursor protein, the protein from which A beta is derived, exhibit age-dependent spatial memory impairment and attenuated long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions. Recent experimental evidence suggests that A beta disturbs N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-dependent LTP induction in the CA1 and DG both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, these studies suggest that A beta specifically interferes with several major signaling pathways downstream of the NMDA receptor, including the Ca(2+)-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), protein phosphatase 1, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). The influence of A beta on each of these downstream effectors of NMDA is reviewed in this article. Additionally, other mechanisms of LTP modulation, such as A beta attenuation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor currents, are briefly discussed.
3D deep convolutional neural networks for amino acid environment similarity analysis (2017)

End-to-end trained deep learning networks consistently outperform methods using hand-engineered features, suggesting that the 3DCNN framework is well suited for analysis of protein microenvironments and may be useful for other protein structural analyses.
Microsurgical Anatomy of Liliequist's Membrane (2003)

Liliequist's membrane is an important landmark for the operations in the sellar area or skull base. Understanding the microanatomy of Liliequist's membrane may be helpful for us to improve the exposure and minimize the injuries during the operations.
A 120 mm/sup 2/ 64 Mb NAND flash memory achieving 180 ns/byte effective program speed (2002)

Rapidly increasing solid-state mass-storage application areas are requiring low cost, high density flash memories with higher read and program throughputs. This paper describes a 3.3 V-only 64 Mb NAND flash memory fabricated using a 0.4 /spl mu/m single-metal CMOS technology. The read throughput of 40 MB/s is achieved by improving the random access time and by introducing a full-chip burst read. A typical program throughput of 5 MB/s corresponding to 180 ns/byte is achieved by using a narrow incremental step pulse programming (NISPP) technique. A staggered row decoder scheme relaxes layout limitations and improves the random access time.
Nucleotide sequence, expression, and properties of luciferase coded by lux genes from a terrestrial bacterium. (1990)

The lux genes required for expression of luminescence have been cloned from a terrestrial bacterium, Xenorhabdus luminescens, and the nucleotide sequences of the luxA and luxB genes coding for the alpha and beta subunits of luciferase determined. The lux gene organization was closely related to that of marine bacteria from the Vibrio genus with the luxD gene being located immediately upstream and the luxE downstream of the luciferase genes, luxAB. A high degree of homology (85% identity) was found between the amino acid sequences of the alpha subunits of X. luminescens luciferase and the luciferase from a marine bacterium, Vibrio harveyi, whereas the beta subunits of the two luciferases had only 60% identity in amino acid sequence. The similarity in the sequences of the alpha subunits of the two luciferases was also reflected in the substrate specificities and turnover rates with different fatty aldehydes supporting the proposal that the alpha subunit almost exclusively controls these properties. The luciferase from X. luminescens was shown to have a remarkably high thermal stability being stable at 45 degrees C (t 1/2 greater than 3 h) whereas V. harveyi luciferase was rapidly inactivated at this temperature (t 1/2 = 5 min). These results indicate that the X. luminescens lux system may be the bacterial bioluminescent system of choice for application in coupled luminescent assays and expression of lux genes in eukaryotic systems at higher temperatures.
Capillary Electrophoretic Application of 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids (2001)

Ionic substances with melting points at or close to room temperature are referred to as ionic liquids. Interest in ionic liquids for their potential in different chemical processes is increasing, because they are environmentally benign and are good solvents for a wide range of both organic and inorganic materials. In this study, a capillary electrophoretic method for resolving phenolic compounds found in grape seed extracts is reported. The method, in which 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids are used as the running electrolytes, is simple and reproducible. The separation mechanism seems to involve association between the imidazolium cations and the polyphenols. The role of the alkyl substituents on the imidazolium cations was investigated and will be discussed.
Formation of steady‐state oxygen gradients in vitro: Application to liver zonation (2003)

We have developed a perfusion bioreactor system that allows the formation of steady state oxygen gradients in cell culture. In this study, gradients were formed in cultures of rat hepatocytes to study the role of oxygen in modulating cellular functions. A model of oxygen transport in our flat-plate reactor was developed to estimate oxygen distribution at the cell surface. Experimental measurements of outlet oxygen concentration from various flow conditions were used to validate model predictions. We showed that cell viability was maintained over a 24-h period when operating with a physiologic oxygen gradient at the cell surface from 76 to 5 mmHg O(2) at the outlet. Oxygen gradients have been implicated in the maintenance of regional compartmentalized metabolic and detoxification functions in the liver, termed zonation. In this system, physiologic oxygen gradients in reactor cultures contributed to a heterogeneous distribution of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (predominantly localized upstream) and cytochrome p450 2B (predominantly localized downstream) that correlates with the distribution of these enzymes in vivo. The oxygen gradient chamber provides a means of probing the oxygen effects in vitro over a continuous range of O(2) tensions. In addition, this system serves as an in vitro model of zonation that could be further extended to study the role of gradients in ischemia-reperfusion injury, toxicity, and bioartificial liver design.
Characterization of the catalytic activity of the membrane-anchored metalloproteinase ADAM15 in cell-based assays (2009)

ADAM15 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 15) is a membrane-anchored metalloproteinase, which is overexpressed in several human cancers and has been implicated in pathological neovascularization and prostate cancer metastasis. Yet, little is known about the catalytic properties of ADAM15. Here, we purified soluble recombinant ADAM15 to test for its ability to cleave a library of peptide substrates. However, we found no processing of any of the peptide substrates tested here, and therefore turned to cell-based assays to characterize the catalytic properties of ADAM15. Overexpression of full-length membrane-anchored ADAM15 or the catalytically inactive ADAM15E-->A together with various membrane proteins resulted in increased release of the extracellular domain of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2iiib (FGFR2iiib) by ADAM15, but not ADAM15E-->A. This provided a robust assay for a characterization of the catalytic properties of ADAM15 in intact cells. We found that increased expression of ADAM15 resulted in increased FGFR2iiib shedding, but that ADAM15 was not stimulated by phorbol esters or calcium ionophores, two commonly used activators of ectodomain shedding. Moreover, ADAM15-dependent processing of FGFR2iiib was inhibited by the hydroxamate-based metalloproteinase inhibitors marimastat, TAPI-2 and GM6001, and by 50 nM TIMP-3 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3), but not by 100 nM TIMP-1, and only weakly by 100 nM TIMP-2. These results define key catalytic properties of ADAM15 in cells and its response to stimulators and inhibitors of ectodomain shedding. A cell-based assay for the catalytic activity of ADAM15 could aid in identifying compounds, which could be used to block the function of ADAM15 in pathological neovascularization and cancer.