gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of angiogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease (2006)

Several studies have shown alterations in vascular anatomy and physiology in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These findings, together with the observed upregulation of the mediators of angiogenesis in IBD patients, suggest that angiogenesis possibly contributes to the initiation and perpetuation of IBD. There is considerable evidence of an interrelationship between the mechanisms of angiogenesis and chronic inflammation in IBD. The increased expression of endothelial junction adhesion molecules found in IBD patients indicates the presence of active angiogenesis. Evidence that angiogenesis is involved in IBD was also obtained from animal models of colitis, most notably from studies of angiogenesis inhibition. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) correlate with disease activity in human IBD and fall with the use of steroids, thalidomide, or infliximab. Pharmacological inhibition of angiogenesis, therefore, has the potential to be a therapeutic strategy in IBD. This review outlines the evidence that the rate of angiogenesis is increased in the inflamed intestine in IBD and proposes lines for future research in this field.
Oligonucleotide-Based Tools for Studying Zebrafish Development (2010)

Synthetic and nonnatural oligonucleotides have been used extensively to interrogate gene function in zebrafish. In this review, we survey the capabilities and limitations of various oligonucleotide-based technologies for perturbing RNA function and tracking RNA expression. We also examine recent strategies for achieving spatiotemporal control of oligonucleotide function, particularly light-gated technologies that exploit the optical transparency of zebrafish embryos.
Inhibition of voltage‐gated Ca 2+ entry into GH 3 and chromaffin cells by imidazole antimycotics and other cytochrome P450 blockers (1992)

We have studied the effects of cytochrome P450 inhibitors on the entry of Ca2+ and Mn2+, used here as a Ca2+ surrogate for Ca2+ channels, in fura-2-loaded GH3 pituitary cells and bovine chromaffin cells depolarized with high-K+ solutions. Imidazole antimycotics were potent inhibitors (econazole greater than miconazole greater than clotrimazole greater than ketoconazole). alpha-Naphtoflavone and isosafrole, but not metyrapone, also inhibited the entry of Ca2+ and Mn2+ induced by depolarization. This inhibitory profile most resembles that reported for IA-type cytochrome P450. However, carbon monoxide (CO), a well-known cytochrome P450 antagonist, had no effect on Ca2+ (Mn2+) entry. Given the high selectivity of the imidazole antimycotics for the heme moiety, our results suggest that a hemoprotein closely related to cytochrome P450 (but insensitive to CO) might be involved in the regulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. The inhibitory pattern was also similar to that previously reported for agonist-induced Ca2+ (Mn2+) influx in neutrophils and platelets, although CO was an efficient inhibitor in this case. These results pose the question of whether similarities in the sensitivity to cytochrome P450 inhibitors exhibited by receptor-operated and voltage-gated channels reflect unknown similarities either in structural features or regulation mechanisms.
Phase-shifting color digital holography (2002)

Digital holography with a three-wavelength laser and a color CCD has been demonstrated. With the phase shifting of the reference beam, in-line holograms for three wavelengths are recorded simultaneously for derivation of the complex amplitude at each wavelength, and then the three monochromatic images are reconstructed and combined into full-color images in the computer. Laser power variation for wavelengths can be compensated for in the reconstruction process. We have compared the images reconstructed by two algorithms using a single Fourier transformation and a convolution with each other by both experiments and numerical simulations. Phase-shifting errors arising at two of the three wavelengths have proved not to cause serious deterioration of the reconstructed images.
The receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB3 maintains the balance between luminal and basal breast epithelium (2011)

ErbB3 harbors weak kinase activity, but strongly activates downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling through heterodimerization with and activation by other ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases. We report here that ErbB3 loss in the luminal mammary epithelium of mice impaired Akt and MAPK signaling and reduced luminal cell proliferation and survival. ERBB3 mRNA expression levels were highest in luminal mammary populations and lowest in basal cell/stem cell populations. ErbB3 loss in mammary epithelial cells shifted gene expression patterns toward a mammary basal cell/stem cell signature. ErbB3 depletion-induced gene expression changes were rescued upon activation of Akt and MAPK signaling. Interestingly, proliferation and expansion of the mammary basal epithelium (BE) occurred upon ErbB3 targeting in the luminal epithelium, but not upon its targeting in the BE. Multiple cytokines, including interleukin 6, were induced upon ErbB3 depletion in luminal epithelium cells, which increased growth of BE cells. Taken together, these results suggest that ErbB3 regulates the balance of differentiated breast epithelial cell types by regulating their growth and survival through autocrine- and paracrine-signaling mechanisms.
The Presidential Papers, George Washington to Calvin Coolidge: An Introduction to the Presidential Papers Microfilm Series (1984)

Carol Bondhus Fitzgerald, The Presidential Papers, George Washington to Calvin Coolidge: An Introduction to the Presidential Papers Microfilm Series, The History Teacher, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Aug., 1984), pp. 545-565
Walter Rodney: A tribute (1983)

(1983). Walter Rodney: A tribute. The Journal of Peasant Studies: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 250-252.
Expression of VEGF, semaphorin SEMA3F, and their common receptors neuropilins NP1 and NP2 in preinvasive bronchial lesions, lung tumours, and cell lines (2003)

Two receptors, neuropilin 1 (NP1) and neuropilin 2 (NP2), bind class 3 semaphorins, axon guidance molecules including SEMA3F, the gene for which was isolated from a 3p21.3 deletion in lung cancer. In addition, they bind VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), enhancing the effects of VEGF binding to KDR/Flk-1. Elevated VEGF levels are associated with the loss and cytoplasmic delocalization of SEMA3F in lung cancer, suggesting competition for their NP1 and NP2 receptors. To determine the timing of these events, we compared by immunohistochemistry VEGF, SEMA3F, NP1 and NP2 expression in 50 preneoplastic lesions and 112 lung tumours. In preneoplastic lesions, VEGF increased from low-grade to high-grade dysplasia (p=0.001) whereas SEMA3F levels remained low. NP1 and NP2 levels increased from dysplasia to microinvasive carcinoma (p=0.0001) and correlated with VEGF expression (p=0.04 and 0.0002, respectively). Non-small cell lung carcinoma overexpressed VEGF and NP1 and NP2 significantly more often than neuroendocrine tumours including small cell lung carcinoma. SEMA3F loss or delocalization correlated with advanced tumour stage. Migrating cells overexpressed VEGF, SEMA3F, NP1 and NP2 with cytoplasmic delocalization of NP1 as demonstrated in an in vitro wound assay. These results demonstrate early alteration of the VEGF/SEMA3F/NP pathway in lung cancer progression.
Continuous Production of Biodiesel via Transesterification from Vegetable Oils in Supercritical Methanol (2006)

The continuous production of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) by the transesterification reaction of coconut oil and palm kernel oil was studied in supercritical methanol without using any catalyst. Experiments were carried out in a tubular flow reactor, and reactions were studied at 270, 300, and 350 °C at a pressure of 10 and 19 MPa with various molar ratios of methanol-to-oils from 6 to 42. It was found that the best condition to produce methyl esters from coconut oil and palm kernel oil was at a reaction temperature of 350 °C, molar ratio of methanol-to-vegetable oil of 42, and space time 400 s. The % methyl ester conversions were 95 and 96 wt % for coconut oil and palm kernel oil, respectively. The regression models by the least-squares method were adequate to predict % methyl ester conversion with temperature, molar ratio of methanol-to-oil, and space time as the main effects. The produced methyl ester fuel properties met the specification of the ASTM biodiesel standards.
Organ cross talk modulates pelvic pain (2007)

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic bladder inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that is often regarded as a neurogenic cystitis. IC is associated with urothelial lesions, voiding dysfunction, and pain in the pelvic/perineal area, and diet can exacerbate IC symptoms. In this study, we used a murine neurogenic cystitis model to investigate the development of pelvic pain behavior. Neurogenic cystitis was induced by the injection of Bartha's strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV) into the abductor caudalis dorsalis tail base muscle of female C57BL/6J mice. Infectious PRV virions were isolated only from the spinal cord, confirming the centrally mediated nature of this neurogenic cystitis model. Pelvic pain was assessed using von Frey filament stimulation to the pelvic region, and mice infected with PRV developed progressive pelvic pain. Pelvic pain was alleviated by 2% lidocaine instillation into either the bladder or the colon but not following lidocaine instillation into the uterus. The bladders of PRV-infected mice showed markers of inflammation and increased vascular permeability compared with controls. In contrast, colon histology was normal and vascular permeability was unchanged, suggesting that development of pelvic pain was due only to bladder inflammation. Bladder-induced pelvic pain was also exacerbated by colonic administration of a subthreshold dose of capsaicin. These data indicate organ cross talk in pelvic pain and modulation of pain responses by visceral inputs distinct from the inflamed site. Furthermore, these data suggest a mechanism by which dietary modification benefits pelvic pain symptoms.
Recent advances in CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonists. (2004)

Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists are currently the subject of intensive research due to their highly promising therapeutic prospects. Novel chemical entities having CB1 antagonistic properties have recently been disclosed by several pharmaceutical companies and some academic research groups, some of which are close structural analogs of the leading compound rimonabant (SR-141716A; Sanofi-Synthélabo). A considerable number of these CB1 antagonists are bioisosteres that are derived from rimonabant by the replacement of the pyrazole moiety with an alternative heterocycle. As well as these achiral compounds, Solvay Pharmaceuticals have disclosed a novel class of chiral pyrazolines that are potent and CB1/CB2 subtype-selective cannabinoid receptor antagonists, in which the interactions with the CB1 receptor are highly stereoselective.
Daptomycin (LY146032) treatment of experimental enterococcal endocarditis (1988)

This study compared daptomycin (LY146032) with penicillin G procaine and vancomycin without and with gentamicin for treatment of experimental enterococcal endocarditis. The strain of Streptococcus (Enterococcus) faecalis used in this study was killed by daptomycin in vitro in broth but not in serum. In rabbits treated for 3 days, daptomycin significantly reduced bacterial counts of vegetations compared with no therapy but was significantly less effective than penicillin G procaine or vancomycin. Daptomycin-gentamicin significantly reduced bacterial counts of vegetations compared with daptomycin alone but was significantly less effective than vancomycin plus gentamicin. The efficacy of daptomycin-gentamicin did not differ significantly from that of penicillin G procaine-gentamicin. The lack of enterococcal killing by daptomycin alone in serum and in experimental endocarditis is probably related to the high protein binding of the agent.
Tolerogenic dendritic cells: cytokine modulation comes of age (2006)

Dendritic cells (DCs) include a heterogeneous family of professional APCs involved in initiation of immunity and in immunologic tolerance. Specifically, peripheral tolerance can be achieved and maintained by promoting regulatory T-cell (Treg) responses and/or T-cell anergy or deletion. Until recently, immature developmental stages of DC differentiation were believed to induce T-cell anergy or Treg cells, whereas DCs transformed into mature DCs by activation stimuli were thought to represent immunogenic DCs capable of inciting primary T-cell responses. This paradigm has been challenged by the demonstration of Treg-cell expansion by antigen-bearing, fully mature DCs. Similarly, semimature DCs with a distinctive interleukin 10 (IL-10)+ IL-12- cytokine production profile might be endowed with tolerogenic functions, supporting the concept that DC maturation per se should no longer be considered as a distinguishing feature of immunogenic as opposed to tolerogenic DCs (TDCs). Cytokine-modulated TDCs reflect an incomplete or altered status of monocyte differentiation and promote in vitro induction of Treg cells and/or in vivo protection from autoimmune diseases. Several growth factors, including IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), modulate DC maturation and favor the differentiation of TDCs. From a therapeutic standpoint, cytokine-modulated TDCs might be beneficial for prevention and/or treatment of posttransplantation graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and autoimmunity.
Adsorption and Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide on Metal−Organic Framework (MOF-5) (2009)

Adsorption equilibrium and diffusion of CO2 on microporous metal−organic frameworks (MOF-5, or IRMOF-1) crystals were experimentally studied by the gravimetric method in the pressure range up to 1 atm. The MOF-5 crystal cubes of about 40−60 μm in sizes were synthesized by the solvothermal method. Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation can fit well CO2 adsorption isotherms on MOF-5, with isosteric heat of adsorption of about 34 kJ/mol. Diffusion coefficient of CO2 in the MOF-5 is in the range of 8.1−11.5 × 10−9 cm2/s in 295−331K with activation energy of 7.61 kJ/mol. MOF-5 offers attractive adsorption properties as an adsorbent for separation of CO2 from flue gas.
Baicalein, an α-Glucosidase Inhibitor from Scutellaria baicalensis (1998)

Methanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis, Rheum officinale, and Paeonia suffruticosa showed potent inhibitory activity against rat intestinal sucrase. The active principles were identified as baicalein from the first and methyl gallate from the last two plants. In addition to its activity against the rat enzyme, baicalein also inhibited human intestinal sucrase expressed in Caco-2 cells.
The permalloy magnetoresistive sensors-properties and applications (1986)

Presents a review of the properties and applications of the permalloy magnetoresistive sensors of magnetic fields. Information on the manufacturing and biasing methods is given. The basic parameters-sensitivity, dimensions, linearity, resolution and transducer errors-and methods for improving them are analysed. The examples of permalloy microsensors, miniature sensors and large-area sensors are presented. The application of permalloy magnetoresistors to measuring magnetic fields and constructing electrical and non-electrical transducers is described.
Modification of Amino Groups (1996)

Chemical modification of amino groups in proteins serves a diversity of preparative and analytical purposes. The most prominent is to attach nonpeptide groups with useful properties to proteins. Examples of these groups include biotin for affinity capture and fluorescent dyes for detectability. A widely applied chemistry, and one for which many reagents are available, is reaction of the activated ester of a carboxylic acid (often a succinimidyl ester) with amino groups at mildly basic pH. Reductive alkylation using a carbonyl compound and a hydride-donating reducing agent is another valued reaction with multiple applications. Most proteins contain more than one amino group, so the extent of reaction desired must be considered in advance and the result assessed experimentally after the fact. The distinctive environment of the α-amino group of a polypeptide sets it apart from the ϵ-amino groups of lysine side chains, and can afford useful specificity. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Extended Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation With the Orally Active Platelet Inhibitor SC-54684A (1995)

The results of the dose-ranging study show that oral administration of SCp results in dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation. As shown in the 14-day administration, this dose-dependent inhibition can be maintained for an extended period while exhibiting no adverse effects. SCp is a leading candidate for development and is currently in clinical trials.
Fabrication of Controlled Release Biodegradable Foams by Phase Separation (1995)

Highly porous biodegradable foams with controlled release function were fabricated by a phase separation technique. This technique involved inducing phase changes in a homogeneous solution of polymers with naphthalene or phenol used as solvents. A variety of foams with pore sizes ranging from 20 to 500 microm were made of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(bisphenol A-phenylphosphonate (BPA/PP), and its copolymer with poly[bis(2-ethoxy)- hydrophosphonic terephthalate] (PP/PPET). Controlled delivery capability was demonstrated by studying the release of sulforhodamine B and alkaline phosphatase (AP) from these highly porous structures. After an initial burst, AP was released from BPA/PP and PLLA foams at a near steady rate of 0.32 +/- 0.04 and 0.49 +/- 0.13 mg/day/g foam, respectively. These foams were intended for use as cell transplantation devices and tissue grafts such as synthetic bone grafts. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was added into the foams in an attempt to enhance interaction of these foams with bone. This composite was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermomechanical analysis. Since phosphates are known to have good affinity to calcium, poly(phosphoester) foams were treated with 1M calcium chloride solution in an attempt to study the possible interaction of the degrading poly(phosphoester) with calcium. After three weeks in 1 M calcium chloride solution, the complex modulus of the poly(phosphoester) foams changed from 40 to 1948 kPa, with a concurrent decrease in loss tangent from 0.349 to 0.170.
Application of DRFM in ECM for pulse type radar (2009)

In this paper, we develop a digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) which samples and quantizes (A/D conversion) an incoming pulse-typed radar signal, stores it and produces (D/A conversion) a jamming signal from the sampled and stored radar signal. Electronic countermeasure (ECM) techniques against radar can be enhanced by using DRFM to simulate the radar signal for subsequent re-transmission to confuse radar at any distance. This paper presents the principle of DRFM and its application in ECM against pulse type radar.
Secretion of mammalian ribonucleases from Escherichia coli using the signal sequence of murine spleen ribonuclease (1992)

A nucleotide sequence identical with that of the recently identified murine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNAase) was isolated from a murine spleen cDNA library. Active RNAase was expressed and secreted from Escherichia coli lon-htpr- transformed with a plasmid containing the E. coli trp promoter followed by the murine RNAase gene sequence, including the original eukaryotic 26-amino-acid signal sequence. Approx. 1 mg of properly matured RNAase protein/litre was secreted into the medium of a fermentor culture after the promotor was induced by tryptophan starvation. When the signal sequence was deleted from the plasmid, intracellular RNAase activity was very low and there was no significant supernatant RNAase activity. Even higher RNAase yields were obtained with a synthetic gene for bovine pancreatic ribonuclease cloned after the signal sequence of the murine gene. About 2 mg of correctly processed RNAase A/litre was isolated from the growth medium, and a further 8-10 mg of correctly processed RNAase/litre could be isolated from the soluble fraction of the cells. Thus this eukaryotic signal sequence is both recognized by the E. coli transport and processing apparatus and gives efficient secretion, as well as export, of active, mature mammalian RNAases.
Preclinical Characterization of an Anti-tat Ribozyme for Therapeutic Application (1998)

A hammerhead ribozyme retroviral construct, denoted RRz2, targeting the coding region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) tat gene, has shown itself to be effective in a range of test systems. Inhibition of the replication of HIV-1 IIIB and primary drug-resistant strains in pooled transduced CEMT4 cells was consistently found to be more than 80% compared with the control-vector transduced cells, whereas a mutant RRz2 gave approximately 45% inhibition. A multiple HIV-1 passage assay showed the absence of emergence of mutations within the specific viral RNA ribozyme target sequences. This lack of generation of ribozyme "escape mutants" occurred despite the almost complete disappearance of a HIV-1 quasi-species in the testing virus. When RRz2 was tested in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from HIV-1-infected patients, paired analysis showed that cell viability in the ribozyme-transduced HIV-1-infected PBLs was significantly higher than that in the vector-transduced cells. This difference in viability (vector versus RRz2) was not observed in PBLs from non-HIV-1-infected donors. Taken together, these results indicate that the transfer of an anti-HIV-1 ribozyme gene into human T lymphocytes could have major impact on viral replication and T cell viability in the HIV-1-infected individual.
Smart Antennas Based on Spatial Multiplexing of Local Elements (SMILE) for Mutual Coupling Reduction (2004)

A new method for reducing mutual coupling in a smart antenna array using patch antenna elements is proposed. In a recently introduced smart antenna architecture, the spatial multiplexing of local elements (SMILE) scheme, the newly proposed array feed network affects mutual coupling. It is demonstrated that proper design of the feed network may reduce mutual coupling significantly, yielding nearly ideal radiation characteristics. Numerical solutions are used to study and optimize the currents on the surface of a four-element C-band patch antenna array and feed network. Radiation patterns of the same array with different feed networks are also computed. Results show a reduction in sidelobe level of several decibels, increased accuracy in beam pointing during scan, and improved null depth and placement.