gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of sex, handedness, and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteria (2008)

Bacteria thrive on and within the human body. One of the largest human-associated microbial habitats is the skin surface, which harbors large numbers of bacteria that can have important effects on health. We examined the palmar surfaces of the dominant and nondominant hands of 51 healthy young adult volunteers to characterize bacterial diversity on hands and to assess its variability within and between individuals. We used a novel pyrosequencing-based method that allowed us to survey hand surface bacterial communities at an unprecedented level of detail. The diversity of skin-associated bacterial communities was surprisingly high; a typical hand surface harbored >150 unique species-level bacterial phylotypes, and we identified a total of 4,742 unique phylotypes across all of the hands examined. Although there was a core set of bacterial taxa commonly found on the palm surface, we observed pronounced intra- and interpersonal variation in bacterial community composition: hands from the same individual shared only 17% of their phylotypes, with different individuals sharing only 13%. Women had significantly higher diversity than men, and community composition was significantly affected by handedness, time since last hand washing, and an individual's sex. The variation within and between individuals in microbial ecology illustrated by this study emphasizes the challenges inherent in defining what constitutes a "healthy" bacterial community; addressing these challenges will be critical for the International Human Microbiome Project.
Active, a tool for building intelligent user interfaces (2007)

Computers have become affordable, small, omnipresent and are often connected to the Internet. However, despite the availability of such rich environment, user interfaces have not been adapted to fully leverage its potential. To help with complex tasks, a new type of software is needed to provide more user-centric systems that act as âintelligent assistantsâ, able to interact naturally with human users and with the information environment. Building an intelligent assistant is a difficult task that requires expertise in many ï¬elds ranging from artificial intelligence to core software and hardware engineering. We believe that providing a unified tool and methodology to create intelligent software will bring many benefits to this area of research. Our solution, the Active framework, combines an innovative production rule engine with communities of services to model and implement intelligent assistants. In the medical ï¬eld, our approach is used to build an operating room assistant. Using natural modalities such as speech recognition and hand gestures, it enables surgeons to interact with computer based equipments of the operating room as if they were ac tive members of the team. In a broader context, Active aims to ease the development of intelligent software by making required technologies more accessible.
Cloud Computing for on-Demand Grid Resource Provisioning (2009)

The use of virtualization, along with an efficient virtual machine management, creates a new virtualization layer that isolates the service workload from the resource management. The integration of the cloud within the virtualization layer, can be used to support on-demand resource provisioning, providing elasticity in modern Internet-based services and applications, and allowing to adapt dynamically the service capacity to variable user demands. Cluster and grid computing environments are two examples of services which can obtain a great benefit from these technologies. Virtualization can be used to transform a distributed physical infrastructure into a flexible and elastic virtual infrastructure, separating resource provisioning from job execution management, and adapting dynamically the cluster or grid size to the users' computational demands. In particular, in this paper we analyze the deployment of a computing cluster on top of a virtualized infrastructure layer, which combines a local virtual machine manager (the OpenNebula engine) and a cloud resource provider (Amazon EC2). The solution is evaluated using the NAS Grid Benchmarks in terms of processing overhead due to virtualization, communication overhead due to the management of nodes across different geographic locations, and elasticity in the cluster processing capacity.
Self calibration of camera with non-linear imaging model (2007)

Being put forward by the researchers in computer vision, self calibration commonly deals with camera with linear model. Since the distortion is practically existed especially for ordinary camera, the result of calibration can't meet the demand of vision measurement with high accuracy regardless of the distortion. Being obedience to systematism mainly, the distortion is the target function of distortion coefficient, principal point, principal distance ratio and skew factor etc. So there exists a group of parameters including of distortion coefficient, principal point, principal distance ratio and skew factor and fundamental matrix which make homologous point meets epipolar restriction theoretically. Accordingly, the paper advances the way titled self calibration of camera with non-linear imaging model which is on basis of the Kruppa equation. In calculating the fundamental matrix, we can obtain interior elements except principal distance by taking into account distortion correction about image coordinate. Then the principal distance can be obtained by using Kruppa equation. This way only need some homologous points between two images, not need any known information about objects. Lots of experiments have proven its correctness and reliability.
Serum uric acid, mortality and glucose control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a PreCIS database study (2007)

Serum uric acid predicts mortality in Type 2 diabetic patients regardless of gender, HbA(1c), renal function and diuretic use. Intervention studies should determine whether uric acid is a potential therapeutic target or only a marker of mortality risk.
Colloidal Gold: A Novel Nanoparticle Vector for Tumor Directed Drug Delivery (2004)

Colloidal gold, a sol comprised of nanoparticles of Au(0), has been used as a therapeutic for the treatment of cancer as well as an indicator for immunodiagnostics. However, the use of these gold nanoparticles for in vivo drug delivery has never been described. This communication outlines the development of a colloidal gold (cAu) nanoparticle vector that targets the delivery of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to a solid tumor growing in mice. The optimal vector, designated PT-cAu-TNF, consists of molecules of thiol-derivatized PEG (PT) and recombinant human TNF that are directly bound onto the surface of the gold nanoparticles. Following intravenous administration, PT-cAu-TNF rapidly accumulates in MC-38 colon carcinoma tumors and shows little to no accumulation in the livers, spleens (i.e., the RES) or other healthy organs of the animals. The tumor accumulation was evidenced by a marked change in the color of the tumor as it acquired the bright red/purple color of the colloidal gold sol and was coincident with the active and tumor-specific sequestration of TNF. Finally, PT-cAu-TNF was less toxic and more effective in reducing tumor burden than native TNF since maximal antitumor responses were achieved at lower doses of drug.
The Use of Digoxin-Specific Fab Fragments for Severe Digitalis Intoxication in Children (1992)

We recommend that Fab be used in the treatment of digitalis poisoning in infants and young children who have ingested greater than or equal to 0.3 mg of digoxin per kilogram, who have underlying heart disease, or who have a serum digoxin concentration of greater than or equal to 6.4 nmol per liter (greater than or equal to 5.0 ng per milliliter) in the elimination phase; and who also have a life-threatening arrhythmia, hemodynamic instability, hyperkalemia, or rapidly progressive toxicity. Adolescents, who are more sensitive to the toxic effects of digoxin than younger children, may require treatment with Fab after ingesting lower doses.
Allele quantification using molecular inversion probes (MIP) (2005)

Detection of genomic copy number changes has been an important research area, especially in cancer. Several high-throughput technologies have been developed to detect these changes. Features that are important for the utility of technologies assessing copy number changes include the ability to interrogate regions of interest at the desired density as well as the ability to differentiate the two homologs. In addition, assessing formaldehyde fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples allows the utilization of the vast majority of cancer samples. To address these points we demonstrate the use of molecular inversion probe (MIP) technology to the study of copy number. MIP is a high-throughput genotyping technology capable of interrogating >20 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the same tube. We have shown the ability of MIP at this multiplex level to provide copy number measurements while obtaining the allele information. In addition we have demonstrated a proof of principle for copy number analysis in FFPE samples.
ChemInform Abstract: ZINTL PHASES WITH COMPLEX ANIONS: STUDY OF CALCIUM ALUMINUM ANTIMONATE (CA5AL2SB6) AND CALCIUM ALUMINUM ARSENATE (CA3AL2AS4) (1981)

Abstract Zintlphasen mit komplexen Anionen: Ca 5 Al 2 Sb 6 (I) und Ca 3 Al 2 As 4 (II) werden durch Erhitzen stöchiometrischer Elementgemenge unter Ar (Korundtiegel) auf 1200 K(0.5 h) dargestellt und röntgenographisch untersucht.
Femtosecond Laser Pulses:  Principles and Experiments Edited by C. Rulliere. Springer-Verlag:  New York. 1998. $59.95. 305 pp. ISBN 3-540-63663-3. (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTFemtosecond Laser Pulses: Principles and Experiments Edited by C. Rulliere. Springer-Verlag: New York. 1998. $59.95. 305 pp. ISBN 3-540-63663-3.Marcos DantusView Author Information Michigan State UniversityCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 37, 8677–8678Publication Date (Web):July 20, 1999Publication History Published online20 July 1999Published inissue 1 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja985775ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja985775abook-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views376Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electron correlation,Lasers,Teaching and learning methods Get e-Alerts
Mechanisms of Protein Stabilization and Prevention of Protein Aggregation by Glycerol (2009)

The stability of proteins in aqueous solution is routinely enhanced by cosolvents such as glycerol. Glycerol is known to shift the native protein ensemble to more compact states. Glycerol also inhibits protein aggregation during the refolding of many proteins. However, mechanistic insight into protein stabilization and prevention of protein aggregation by glycerol is still lacking. In this study, we derive mechanisms of glycerol-induced protein stabilization by combining the thermodynamic framework of preferential interactions with molecular-level insight into solvent-protein interactions gained from molecular simulations. Contrary to the common conception that preferential hydration of proteins in polyol/water mixtures is determined by the molecular size of the polyol and the surface area of the protein, we present evidence that preferential hydration of proteins in glycerol/water mixtures mainly originates from electrostatic interactions that induce orientations of glycerol molecules at the protein surface such that glycerol is further excluded. These interactions shift the native protein toward more compact conformations. Moreover, glycerol preferentially interacts with large patches of contiguous hydrophobicity where glycerol acts as an amphiphilic interface between the hydrophobic surface and the polar solvent. Accordingly, we propose that glycerol prevents protein aggregation by inhibiting protein unfolding and by stabilizing aggregation-prone intermediates through preferential interactions with hydrophobic surface regions that favor amphiphilic interface orientations of glycerol. These mechanisms agree well with experimental data available in the literature, and we discuss the extent to which these mechanisms apply to other cosolvents, including polyols, arginine, and urea.
Waterborne Pathogens: Detection Methods and Challenges (2015)

Waterborne pathogens and related diseases are a major public health concern worldwide, not only by the morbidity and mortality that they cause, but by the high cost that represents their prevention and treatment. These diseases are directly related to environmental deterioration and pollution. Despite the continued efforts to maintain water safety, waterborne outbreaks are still reported globally. Proper assessment of pathogens on water and water quality monitoring are key factors for decision-making regarding water distribution systems' infrastructure, the choice of best water treatment and prevention waterborne outbreaks. Powerful, sensitive and reproducible diagnostic tools are developed to monitor pathogen contamination in water and be able to detect not only cultivable pathogens but also to detect the occurrence of viable but non-culturable microorganisms as well as the presence of pathogens on biofilms. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is a helpful tool to evaluate the scenarios for pathogen contamination that involve surveillance, detection methods, analysis and decision-making. This review aims to present a research outlook on waterborne outbreaks that have occurred in recent years. This review also focuses in the main molecular techniques for detection of waterborne pathogens and the use of QMRA approach to protect public health.
MAP kinase and cAMP signaling regulate infection structure formation and pathogenic growth in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. (1996)

Many fungal pathogens invade plants using specialized infection structures called appressoria that differentiate from the tips of fungal hyphae contacting the plant surface. We demonstrate a role for a MAP kinase that is essential for appressorium formation and infectious growth in Magnaporthe grisea, the fungal pathogen responsible for rice blast disease. The PMK1 gene of M. grisea is homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MAP kinases FUS3/KSS1, and a GST-Pmk1 fusion protein has kinase activity in vitro. pmk1 mutants of M. grisea fail to form appressoria and fail to grow invasively in rice plants. pmk1 mutants are still responsive to cAMP for early stages of appressorium formation, which suggests Pmk1 acts downstream of a cAMP signal for infection structure formation. PMK1 is nonessential for vegetative growth and sexual and asexual reproduction in culture. Surprisingly, when expressed behind the GAL1 promoter in yeast, PMK1 can rescue the mating defect in a fus3 kss1 double mutant. These results demonstrate that PMK1 is part of a highly conserved MAP kinase signal transduction pathway that acts cooperatively with a cAMP signaling pathway for fungal pathogenesis.
Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach (2006)

The microbiota of the human stomach and the influence of Helicobacter pylori colonization on its composition remain largely unknown. We characterized bacterial diversity within the human gastric mucosa by using a small subunit 16S rDNA clone library approach and analyzed 1,833 sequences generated by broad-range bacterial PCR from 23 gastric endoscopic biopsy samples. A diverse community of 128 phylotypes was identified, featuring diversity at this site greater than previously described. The majority of sequences were assigned to the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria phyla. Ten percent of the phylotypes were previously uncharacterized, including a Deinococcus-related organism, relatives of which have been found in extreme environments but not reported before in humans. The gastric clone libraries from 19 subjects contained H. pylori rDNA; however, only 12 of these subjects tested positive for H. pylori by conventional laboratory methods. Statistical analysis revealed a large degree of intersubject variability of the gastric ecosystem. The presence of H. pylori did not affect the composition of the gastric community. This gastric bacterial rDNA data set was significantly different from sequence collections of the human mouth and esophagus described in other studies, indicating that the human stomach may be home to a distinct microbial eco-system. The gastric microbiota may play important, as-yet-undiscovered roles in human health and disease.
Ketamine Modulates the Stimulated Adhesion Molecule Expression on Human Neutrophils In Vitro (2000)

Modulation of leukocyte responses by anesthetics may have an important role in limiting tissue injury in sepsis or ischemia/reperfusion. Therefore, we examined the effect of ketamine on stimulated neutrophil functions in vitro. These neutrophil functions were significantly inhibited by ketamine, independent of whether the racemic mixture or isomers were tested.
Sacroiliac joint manipulation decreases the H-reflex. (1995)

Joint manipulation is widely utilized clinically to decrease pain and increase the range of motion of joints displaying limited mobility. Evidence of efficacy is based on subjective reports of symptom improvement as well as on the results of clinical trials. Experiments were designed to determine whether or not sacroiliac joint manipulation affects the amplitude of the Hoffman (H) reflex. Surface EMG recordings of the reflex response to electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa were made from the soleus muscle. The averaged amplitudes of H-reflexes were compared on both legs before and after either sacroiliac joint manipulation or a sham procedure. H-reflex amplitude was significantly decreased (12.9%) in the ipsilateral leg (p < 0.001) following a sacroiliac joint manipulation while there was no significant alteration following the sham intervention. There was no significant alteration in reflex excitability in the contralateral leg to the sacroiliac joint manipulation. To further investigate the mechanism of these reflex alterations, the local anaesthetic cream EMLA (Astra Pharmaceuticals) was applied to the skin overlying the sacroiliac joint and the experiments were repeated on a different group of subjects. This was intended to determine if excitation of cutaneous afferents was responsible for the reflex excitability changes. There was still a significant decrease in reflex excitability (10.6%) following sacroiliac joint manipulation (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that joint manipulation exerts physiological effects on the central nervous system, probably at the segmental level. The fact that the changes persisted in the presence of cutaneous anaesthesia suggests that the reflex changes are likely to be mediated by joint and/or muscle afferents.
EPR Study of Spin Labeled Brush Polymers in Organic Solvents (2011)

Spin-labeled polylactide brush polymers were synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), and nitroxide radicals were incorporated at three different locations of brush polymers: the end and the middle of the backbone, and the end of the side chains (periphery). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to quantitatively probe the macromolecular structure of brush polymers in dilute solutions. The peripheral spin-labels showed significantly higher mobility than the backbone labels, and in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), the backbone end labels were shown to be more mobile than the middle labels. Reduction of the nitroxide labels by a polymeric reductant revealed location-dependent reactivity of the nitroxide labels: peripheral nitroxides were much more reactive than the backbone nitroxides. In contrast, almost no difference was observed when a small molecule reductant was used. These results reveal that the dense side chains of brush polymers significantly reduce the interaction of the backbone region with external macromolecules, but allow free diffusion of small molecules.
The Nucleoporin Nup153 Has Separable Roles in Both Early Mitotic Progression and the Resolution of Mitosis (2009)

Accurate inheritance of genomic content during cell division is dependent on synchronized changes in cellular organization and chromosome dynamics. Elucidating how these events are coordinated is necessary for a complete understanding of cell proliferation. Previous in vitro studies have suggested that the nuclear pore protein Nup153 is a good candidate for participating in mitotic coordination. To decipher whether this is the case in mammalian somatic cells, we reduced the levels of Nup153 in HeLa cells and monitored consequences on cell growth. Reduction of Nup153 resulted in a delay during the late stages of mitosis accompanied by an increase in unresolved midbodies. Depletion of Nup153 to an even lower threshold led to a pronounced defect early in mitosis and an accumulation of cells with multilobed nuclei. Although global nucleocytoplasmic transport was not significantly altered under these depletion conditions, the FG-rich region of Nup153 was required to rescue defects in late mitosis. Thus, this motif may play a specialized role as cells exit mitosis. Rescue of the multilobed nuclei phenotype, in contrast, was independent of the FG-domain, revealing two separable roles for Nup153 in the execution of mitosis.
Solution of an inverse problem for fractals and other sets (1986)

The problem of providing succinct approximate descriptions of given bounded subsets of R(n) can be solved by application of the contraction mapping principle.
Selection of Attenuated Dengue 4 Viruses by Serial Passage in Primary Kidney Cells (1984)

A strain of primary dog kidney (PDK)-passaged dengue (DEN) 4 (H-241) virus cloned by terminal dilution (PDK 35-TD3) was propagated in large volumes in fetal rhesus lung (FRhL) cells to produce a candidate vaccine for evaluation in man. Production seed (FRhL p2) and candidate vaccine (FRhL p3) were subjected to rigorous safety tests to exclude contaminating microbial agents. There was no significant monkey neurovirulence of parental or PDK-passaged DEN-4 virus or of control fluid cultures. FRhL-passaged viruses retained the phenotypic characteristics: small (occasional medium) plaque; temperature sensitivity at 38.5 degrees C; and absence of plaque formation in African green monkey kidney cells, cytopathic effect in LLC-MK2 cells, and viral growth in human monocytes. FRhL p2 virus displayed low virulence for monkeys; only one of four animals was viremic and three of four developed low-titered antibody. FRhL p3 virus produced viremia in three monkeys and moderate to high hemagglutination-inhibition and neutralizing antibody titers in all animals. Virus at both passages in FRhL exhibited reduced neurovirulence in suckling mice as compared to parental DEN-4. Because of its safety and desirable monkey virulence attributes PDK 35-TD3 FRhL p3 is recommended for human phase I trial.