gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-brightness narrow-line laser diode source with volume Bragg-grating feedback (2005)

Results of a long-term research in spectral narrowing and transverse mode selection in semiconductor lasers by means of volume Bragg gratings recorded in a photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass are described. PTR glass is a multicomponent silicate optical glass which changes its refractive index after UV exposure followed by thermal development. This feature enables recording of volume holograms with efficiency exceeding 97% in visible and near IR spectral regions which tolerate high temperatures up to 400°C, high power laser radiation. Transmitting and reflecting volume Bragg gratings recorded in such manner have spectral and angular selectivity down to 0.01 nm and 0.1 mrad, respectively. These spectral and angular selectors were used as transmitting and reflecting elements of external resonators for high-power semiconductor laser diodes (LDs). Transmitting Bragg gratings provide tunability of LDs in the range up to 60 nm, spectral narrowing down to 200 pm, stabilization of wavelength within 500 pm. Reflecting Bragg gratings allow spectral narrowing down to 20 pm, stabilization of wavelength below 100 pm at temperature variations up to 75 K. A single transverse mode emission for wide stripe LDs is observed at pumping currents exceeding 10 thresholds. Narrowing and stabilization of emission spectra of LD bars is demonstrated. It is important that all these features are achieved by passive elements with efficiency exceeding 97% and unlimited lifetime while actual brightness increase exceeded two orders of magnitude.
Double-strand break repair in the absence of RAD51 in yeast: a possible role for break-induced DNA replication. (1996)

In wild-type diploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an HO endonuclease-induced double-strand break (DSB) at the MAT locus can be efficiently repaired by gene conversion using the homologous chromosome sequences. Repair of the broken chromosome was nearly eliminated in rad52delta diploids; 99% lost the broken chromosome. However, in rad51delta diploids, the broken chromosomes were repaired approximately 35% of the time. None of these repair events were simple gene conversions or gene conversions with an associated crossover, instead, they created diploids homozygous for the MAT locus and all markers in the 100-kb region distal to the site of the DSB. In rad51delta diploids, the broken chromosome can apparently be inherited for several generations, as many of these repair events are found as sectored colonies, with one part being repaired and the other part being lost the broken chromosome. Similar events occur in about 2% of wild-type cells. We propose that a broken chromosome end can invade a homologous template in the absence of RAD51 and initiate DNA replication that may extend to the telomere, 100 or more kb away. Such break-induced replication appears to be similar to recombination-initiated replication in bacteria.
Fatty Acid Composition of Chlorella and Spirulina Microalgae Species (2001)

Two New Age foods which contain high concentrations of whole food nutrients are the single-celled microalgae Chlorella and Spirulina. They are accepted as functional foods, which are defined as products derived from natural sources, whose consumption is likely to benefit human health and enhance performance. These foods are used as a supplement/ingredient or as a complete food to enhance the performance and state of the human body, or improve a specific bodily function. Functional foods are used mainly as products to nourish the human body after physical exertion or as a preventive measure against ailments. We determined the fatty acid compositions, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions, of Chlorella and Spirulina by capillary column-gas chromatography. The data obtained show that Spirulina contains unusually high levels of gamma-linolenic acid, an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid.
Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the Bacillus subtilis biotin biosynthetic operon (1996)

A 10-kb region of the Bacillus subtilis genome that contains genes involved in biotin-biosynthesis was cloned and sequenced. DNA sequence analysis indicated that B. subtilis contains homologs of the Escherichia coli and Bacillus sphaericus bioA, bioB, bioD, and bioF genes. These four genes and a homolog of the B. sphaericus bioW gene are arranged in a single operon in the order bioWAFDR and are followed by two additional genes, bioI and orf2. bioI and orf2 show no similarity to any other known biotin biosynthetic genes. The bioI gene encodes a protein with similarity to cytochrome P-450s and was able to complement mutations in either bioC or bioH of E. coli. Mutations in bioI caused B. subtilis to grow poorly in the absence of biotin. The bradytroph phenotype of bioI mutants was overcome by pimelic acid, suggesting that the product of bioI functions at a step prior to pimelic acid synthesis. The B. subtilis bio operon is preceded by a putative vegetative promoter sequence and contains just downstream a region of dyad symmetry with homology to the bio regulatory region of B. sphaericus. Analysis of a bioW-lacZ translational fusion indicated that expression of the biotin operon is regulated by biotin and the B. subtilis birA gene.
The Experimental Foundations of Modern Immunology. (1983)

The Concept of Immunization Structure of the Immune System Resolution of the Basic Structure of Immunoglobulins The Properties and Fine Structure of Immunoglobulins Genetic Basis of Immunoglobulin Structure Structure - Function Relationships in Antibody Molecules Complement Historical Development of the Concept of Major Histocompatibility Gene Complexes Genetic Organization of the Major Histocompatibility Complexes of Mice and Humans Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics of Major Histocompatibility Gene Complexes Lymphocyte Subpopulations The Basic Biology of T Cells and B Cells The Humoral Immune Response Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity The Role of the Thymus in Development of the T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Immunity to Infection Reactions of Immunological Injury: Hypersensitivity and Inflammation Autoimmunity Clinical Organ Transplantation Immunity and Cancer Index.
Generating models of surgical procedures using UMLS concepts and multiple sequence alignment. (2005)

Surgical procedures can be viewed as a process composed of a sequence of steps performed on, by, or with the patient's anatomy. This sequence is typically the pattern followed by surgeons when generating surgical report narratives for documenting surgical procedures. This paper describes a methodology for semi-automatically deriving a model of conducted surgeries, utilizing a sequence of derived Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) concepts for representing surgical procedures. A multiple sequence alignment was computed from a collection of such sequences and was used for generating the model. These models have the potential of being useful in a variety of informatics applications such as information retrieval and automatic document generation.
Combining citrulline with atorvastatin preserves glucose homeostasis in a murine model of diet‐induced obesity (2015)

The citrulline-atorvastatin combination prevented fat mass accumulation and maintained glucose homeostasis in DIO mice. Furthermore, it potentiated inhibition of hepatic de novo lipogenesis activity. This combination has potential for preservation of glucose homeostasis in patients receiving statin therapy.
Intraoperative Radiofrequency Ablation of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation: A Left Atrial Curative Approach by Elimination of Anatomic “Anchor” Reentrant Circuits (1999)

Intraoperative RF energy application for induction of contiguous lesion lines is feasible. Elimination of anatomically defined "anchor" reentrant circuits within the left atrium prevented chronic AF in > 80% of the patients treated. Intraoperative validation of lesion line concepts for curative treatment of AF may be transferred to percutaneous ablation techniques.
Therapeutic hypothermia after out of hospital cardiac arrest (2004)

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether therapeutic hypothermia improves outcome in comatose post cardiac arrest patients. Altogether 176 papers were found using the reported search, of which four presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated.
ABCA1 overexpression leads to hyperalphalipoproteinemia and increased biliary cholesterol excretion in transgenic mice (2001)

The discovery of the ABCA1 lipid transporter has generated interest in modulating human plasma HDL levels and atherogenic risk by enhancing ABCA1 gene expression. To determine if increased ABCA1 expression modulates HDL metabolism in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress human ABCA1 (hABCA1-Tg). Hepatic and macrophage expression of hABCA1 enhanced macrophage cholesterol efflux to apoA-I; increased plasma cholesterol, cholesteryl esters (CEs), free cholesterol, phospholipids, HDL cholesterol, and apoA-I and apoB levels; and led to the accumulation of apoE-rich HDL1. ABCA1 transgene expression delayed 125I-apoA-I catabolism in both liver and kidney, leading to increased plasma apoA-I levels, but had no effect on apoB secretion after infusion of Triton WR1339. Although the plasma clearance of HDL-CE was not significantly altered in hABCA1-Tg mice, the net hepatic delivery of exogenous 3H-CEt-HDL, which is dependent on the HDL pool size, was increased 1.5-fold. In addition, the cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations in hABCA1-Tg bile were increased 1.8-fold. These studies show that steady-state overexpression of ABCA1 in vivo (a) raises plasma apoB levels without altering apoB secretion and (b) raises plasma HDL-C and apoA-I levels, facilitating hepatic reverse cholesterol transport and biliary cholesterol excretion. Similar metabolic changes may modify atherogenic risk in humans.
Altered subcellular localization and low frequency of mutations of ING1 in human brain tumors. (2003)

Our data indicate that although mutations of ING1 seem to be infrequent in human brain tumors, deregulated expression and mislocalization of ING1 proteins, particularly the p33ING1b isoform, are common events in gliomas and glioblastomas.
The E6/E7 promoter of human papillomavirus type 16 is activated in the absence of E2 proteins by a sequence-aberrant Sp1 distal element (1990)

The E6/E7 promoter of all genital human papillomaviruses is responsible for expression of the viral transforming genes. Centered 60 bp upstream of the transcription start, it contains a 20-bp segment with partially overlapping binding sites for the viral E2 proteins and for a cellular factor that was identified by footprint experiments. Bandshifts, bandshift competitions, and footprints revealed that protein complexes between nuclear extracts and these sequences have binding properties indistinguishable from those of the Sp1 factor that binds the simian virus 40 early promoter GC motif. Reactions of these complexes with anti-Sp1 antiserum were analyzed by superbandshifts and precipitation with protein A, and the results confirmed the identity of this transcription factor as Sp1. Sp1 binds in simian virus 40 and different human papillomavirus promoters the consensus sequence 5'-NGGNGN-3'. RNase protection analysis of in vitro or in vivo transcriptions with wild-type and mutant test vectors shows that the E6/E7 promoter of human papillomavirus type 16 is functionally dependent on the Sp1 distal promoter element. In all genital papillomaviruses, the Sp1 hexamer is invariably spaced by a single nucleotide from the distal E2 element, suggesting some precise interaction between Sp1 and E2 proteins. Published experimental evidence documents negative regulation of the E6/E7 promoter by E2 proteins through the proximal E2 element, whereas only minor quantitative differences in E6/E7 promoter function after cotransfection with E2 expression vectors were observed in this study. A detailed study of the interactions of Sp1 and E2 proteins with one another and with the corresponding three binding sites may reveal a complex modulation of this promoter.
Semantic Queries with Pictures: The VIMSYS Model (1991)

The goal of the VIMSYS project is to create an information management system that can retrieve images or parts of images in addition to textual data. The system allows users to incrementally formulate a query starting from semantic pictorial objects. 11 allows incompletely specified and similarity-based queries. This paper presents a new layered data model and the design of the query processing unit for this system. The data model is a combination of object-oriented and functional models, and permits multiple representations of image entities. The knowledge module guides the user to progrcssively refine similarity-based queries and to query by defining new semantic objects and composing its attributes. Design considerations for the access structure of the system are also discussed, alongwith some of the problems of creating efficient mecha-
Adiponectin at Physiologically Relevant Concentrations Enhances the Vasorelaxative Effect of Acetylcholine via Cav-1/AdipoR-1 Signaling (2016)

Clinical studies have identified hypoadiponectinemia as an independent hypertension risk factor. It is known that adiponectin (APN) can directly cause vasodilation, but the doses required exceed physiologic levels several fold. In the current study, we determine the effect of physiologically relevant APN concentrations upon vascular tone, and investigate the mechanism(s) responsible. Physiologic APN concentrations alone induced no significant vasorelaxation. Interestingly, pretreatment of wild type mouse aortae with physiologic APN levels significantly enhanced acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation (P<0.01), an endothelium-dependent and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated process. Knockout of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) or caveolin-1 (Cav-1, a cell signaling facilitating molecule), but not adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) abolished APN-enhanced ACh-induced vasorelaxation. Immunoblot assay revealed APN promoted the AdipoR1/Cav1 signaling complex in human endothelial cells. Treatment of HUVECs with physiologic APN concentrations caused significant eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide (NO) production (P<0.01), an effect abolished in knockdown of either AdipoR1 or Cav-1. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time physiologic APN levels enhance the vasorelaxative response to ACh by inducing NO production through AdipoR1/Cav-1 mediated signaling. In physiologic conditions, APN plays an important function of maintaining vascular tone.
OPTIMAL TRADE-OFF FOR MERKLE TREE TRAVERSAL (2005)

In this paper we describe optimal trade-offs between time and space complexity of Merkle tree traversals with their associated authentication paths, improving on the previous results of M. Jakobsson, T. Leighton, S. Micali, and M. Szydlo [Fractal Merkle tree representation and traversal, in: RSA Cryptographers Track, RSA Security Conference, 2003] and M. Szydlo [Merkle tree traversal in log space and time, in: Proc. Eurocrypt, in: LNCS, vol. 3027, 2004, pp. 541-554; Merkle tree traversal in log space and time, Preprint version 2003, available at http://www.szydlo.com]. In particular, we show that our algorithm requires 2logn/log^(^3^)n hash function computations and storage for less than (logn/log^(^3^)n+1)loglogn+2logn hash values, where n is the number of leaves in the Merkle tree. We also prove that these trade-offs are optimal, i.e. there is no algorithm that requires less than O(logn/logt) time and less than O(tlogn/logt) space for any choice of parameter t>=2. Our algorithm could be of special interest in the case when both time and space are limited.
Interaction between cytochrome b5 and human methemoglobin (1982)

Complex formation between purified human methemoglobin and the tryptic fragment of bovine liver cytochrome b5 has been demonstrated by the observation of a difference spectrum produced on mixing the two proteins. The intensity of this difference spectrum has been used to determine the stoichiometry of the complex formed and its stability under a variety of conditions. At pH 6.2 [25 degrees C (cacodylate buffer), mu = 2 mM], the complex has a stoichiometry of 1:1 (heme: heme) with a stability constant, KA, of (3 +/- 2) X 10(5) M(-1). This stability constant is dependent on ionic strength, decreasing to a value of (9 +/- 3) X 10(3) M(-1) at mu = 12 mM [pH 6.2 (cacodylate buffer), 25 degrees C]. Analysis of this dependence by fitting the data to a form of the Debye-Hückel equation produces a charge product of -64 +/- 14 which is in reasonable agreement with the value anticipated on the basis of the amino acid sequences of the two proteins. Determination of the pH dependence of KA revealed that the complex is most stable at slightly acidic pH (pH 6.0-6.2) or, in other words, at a pH that is approximately midway between the isoelectric pH values of cytochrome b5 and methemoglobin. The variation of KA with temperature is consistent with delta H degree = -10 +/- 3 kcal/mol and delta S degree = -12 +/- 10 eu [pH 6.2 (cacodylate buffer), mu = 5 mM]. Together, these results generate a model for cytochrome b5-methemoglobin interaction in which each hemoglobin subunit binds one cytochrome b5 by means of complementary charge interactions between oppositely charged groups on the two proteins. The probable sites of cytochrome b5 binding on hemoglobin are discussed.
A Vibrio Effector Protein Is an Inositol Phosphatase and Disrupts Host Cell Membrane Integrity (2010)

The marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis in humans and encodes the type III effector protein VPA0450, which contributes to host cell death caused by autophagy, cell rounding, and cell lysis. We found that VPA0450 is an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase that hydrolyzed the D5 phosphate from the plasma membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. VPA0450 disrupted cytoskeletal binding sites on the inner surface of membranes of human cells and caused plasma membrane blebbing, which compromised membrane integrity and probably contributed to cell death by facilitating lysis. Thus, bacterial pathogens can disrupt adaptor protein-binding sites required for proper membrane and cytoskeleton dynamics by altering the homeostasis of membrane-bound inositol-signaling molecules.
Characterization of a new oriental-mustard (Brassica juncea) allergen, Bra j IE: detection of an allergenic epitope (1993)

Bra j IE, a major allergen from oriental-mustard (Brassica juncea) seeds, has been isolated and characterized. Its primary structure has been elucidated. This protein is composed of two chains (37 and 92 amino acids) linked by disulphide bridges. The amino acid sequence obtained is closely related to that previously determined for Sin a I, an allergen isolated from yellow mustard (Sinapis alba). A common epitope has been detected in the large chain of both Bra j IE and Sin a I by means of electroblotting and immunodetection with 2B3, which is a monoclonal antibody raised against the yellow-mustard allergen. A histidine residue of the large chain of both mustard allergens has been found to be essential for the recognition by 2B3 antibody. A synthetic multiantigenic peptide containing this His was recognized by 2B3 as well as by sera of mustard-hypersensitive individuals. Therefore this antigenic determinant must be involved in the allergenicity of these proteins.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute myelogenous leukemia: in vitro treatment with myeloid-specific monoclonal antibodies and drugs in combination (1991)

We report the results of a preclinical study comparing four different purging protocols using a promyelocytic human cell line HL-60 and myeloid leukemic progenitor cells (colony-forming unit-leukemic [CFU-L]) from acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients assayed in semisolid culture. We studied the antileukemic effect of (1) Single-cycle complement-mediated lysis by two different monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) (M195 [CD33] and F23 [CD13] 40 micrograms/mL), reactive with distinct antigens found on early myeloid cells and monocytes, used alone and in combinations; (2) 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) (80 mumol/L or 100 mumol/L) alone; or (3) combined with VP-16 (5 micrograms/mL) and (4) a cocktail of 1 through 3 as above (combined immunochemotherapy). More than 4 logs of HL-60 tumor cell elimination were observed after 1 hour of incubation with both MoAbs plus 4-HC + VP-16 while the single treatment (immunotherapy or chemotherapy) provided 1.5 and 3.5 logs of colony-forming inhibition, respectively. When the same protocols were tested on cryopreserved leukemic cells from eight patients with AML, we observed a mean value of CFU-L inhibition of 92.3% +/- 2.5% SD, 95.5% +/- 1.4% SD, and 99% +/- 0.8% SD after MoAbs and complement lysis, 4-HC, and 4-HC + VP-16 treatment, respectively. The combined treatment of MoAbs and 4-HC + VP-16 produced more than 3-log reduction of CFU-L colony formation. By comparison, the mean recovery of committed normal bone marrow progenitors after incubation with MoAbs and complement was 12% for CFU-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), 22.9% for burst-forming unit erythroid (BFU-E), and the recovery following 4-HC + VP-16 treatment was 4.4% for CFU-GM and 5.6% BFU-E. In subsequent experiments, highly purified CD34+ blast cells, enriched by positive selection, and stimulated in liquid culture by cytokines (interleukin-1 [IL-1], IL-3, and combination of both) or MO-conditioned medium (MoCM), demonstrated that immunochemotherapy spares hematopoietic colony-forming cells earlier than day 14 CFU-GM, in vitro.
IFN-γ Induces High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Release Partly Through a TNF-Dependent Mechanism (2003)

We recently discovered that a ubiquitous protein, high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), is released by activated macrophages, and functions as a late mediator of lethal systemic inflammation. To elucidate mechanisms underlying the regulation of HMGB1 release, we examined the roles of other cytokines in induction of HMGB1 release in macrophage cell cultures. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, macrophage-inflammatory protein 1beta, and IL-6 each failed to significantly induce the release of HMGB1 even at supraphysiological levels (up to 200 ng/ml). IFN-gamma, an immunoregulatory cytokine known to mediate the innate immune response, dose-dependently induced the release of HMGB1, TNF, and NO, but not other cytokines such as IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, or IL-6. Pharmacological suppression of TNF activity with neutralizing Abs, or genetic disruption of TNF expression (TNF knockout) partially (50-60%) inhibited IFN-gamma-mediated HMGB1 release. AG490, a specific inhibitor for Janus kinase 2 of the IFN-gamma signaling pathway, dose-dependently attenuated IFN-gamma-induced HMGB1 release. These data suggest that IFN-gamma plays an important role in the regulation of HMGB1 release through a TNF- and Janus kinase 2-dependent mechanism.
Vaccinia Virus: A Tool for Research and Vaccine Development (1991)

Vaccinia virus is no longer needed for smallpox immunization, but now serves as a useful vector for expressing genes within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. As a research tool, recombinant vaccinia viruses are used to synthesize biologically active proteins and analyze structure-function relations, determine the targets of humoral- and cell-mediated immunity, and investigate the immune responses needed for protection against specific infectious diseases. When more data on safety and efficacy are available, recombinant vaccinia and related poxviruses may be candidates for live vaccines and for cancer immunotherapy.