gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteogenic Protein-1 (BMP-7) Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Stimulates the Expression of Markers Characteristic of Osteoblast Phenotype in Rat Osteosarcoma (17/2.8) Cells (1994)

We recently showed that osteogenic protein-1(OP-1), a bone morphogenetic protein member of TGF-beta superfamily, induces endochondral bone formation in vivo, and stimulates growth and differentiation of osteoblasts in rat calvarial-derived cell cultures. In the present study, we examined the effect of OP-1 on cell growth and expression of markers that are characteristic of osteoblast phenotype using the clonal rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8). A comparison of OP-1 and TGF-beta 1 effects on cell growth showed that, both OP-1 and TGF-beta 1 inhibited DNA synthesis up to 90 percent and 60 percent of the controls at concentrations of 10 ng/ml and 1 ng/ml, respectively, in serum-free medium. In the presence of 5% serum, TGF-beta 1 did not have any significant inhibitory effects while 40 ng OP-1/ml inhibited the DNA synthesis up to 80% of the controls. Examination of collagen synthesis showed that 40 ng OP-1/ml increased the expression of type I collagen mRNA, and thus increased collagen synthesis (4-fold), as examined by collagenase-digestible protein. Evaluation of markers that are characteristic of the osteoblast phenotype demonstrated that OP-1 stimulated cAMP production in response to PTH (10-fold at 200 ng/ml), alkaline phosphatase specific activity (ALPase) (4-fold at 80 ng/ml), and osteocalcin (OC) synthesis (4.5-fold at 40 ng/ml). Northern blot analysis revealed that OP-1 increased mRNA expression for both ALPase and OC in a dose-dependent manner. These data collectively demonstrate that OP-1 suppresses cell proliferation and stimulates the expression of markers characteristic of osteoblast phenotype in rat clonal osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8).
TRANSCRIPTION OF EUKARYOTIC PROTEIN-CODING GENES (2000)

The past decade has seen an explosive increase in information about regulation of eukaryotic gene transcription, especially for protein-coding genes. The most striking advances in our knowledge of transcriptional regulation involve the chromatin template, the large complexes recruited by transcriptional activators that regulate chromatin structure and the transcription apparatus, the holoenzyme forms of RNA polymerase II involved in initiation and elongation, and the mechanisms that link mRNA processing with its synthesis. We describe here the major advances in these areas, with particular emphasis on the modular complexes associated with RNA polymerase II that are targeted by activators and other regulators of mRNA biosynthesis.
Identification of a di-leucine motif within the C terminus domain of the Menkes disease protein that mediates endocytosis from the plasma membrane (1999)

The protein encoded by the Menkes disease gene (MNK) is localised to the Golgi apparatus and cycles between the trans-Golgi network and the plasma membrane in cultured cells on addition and removal of copper to the growth medium. This suggests that MNK protein contains active signals that are involved in the retention of the protein to the trans-Golgi network and retrieval of the protein from the plasma membrane. Previous studies have identified a signal involved in Golgi retention within transmembrane domain 3 of MNK. To identify a motif sufficient for retrieval of MNK from the plasma membrane, we analysed the cytoplasmic domain, downstream of transmembrane domain 7 and 8. Chimeric constructs containing this cytoplasmic domain fused to the reporter molecule CD8 localised the retrieval signal(s) to 62 amino acids at the C terminus. Further studies were performed on putative internalisation motifs, using site-directed mutagenesis, protein expression, chemical treatment and immunofluorescence. We observed that a di-leucine motif (L1487L1488) was essential for rapid internalisation of chimeric CD8 proteins and the full-length Menkes cDNA from the plasma membrane. We suggest that this motif mediates the retrieval of MNK from the plasma membrane into the endocytic pathway, via the recycling endosomes, but is not sufficient on its own to return the protein to the Golgi apparatus. These studies provide a basis with which to identify other motifs important in the sorting and delivery of MNK from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus.
Medium scale production and purification to homogeneity of a recombinant trans-sialidase from Trypanosoma cruzi. (1996)

Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease, presents an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid among glycoproteins and glycolipids known as trans-sialidase (TS), displaying some interesting features: 1) It differs from all other eucaryotic sialyltransferases, both kinetically and in substrate specificity and 2) it is involved in the parasite's mechanism of mammalian host cell invasion. We report here the production and purification to homogeneity of an enzymatically active recombinant TS (rTS) lacking the C-terminal amino acid repeats, using iminodiacetic metal affinity chromatography. Initial ratios of non-fusion recombinant versus total protein were very low in several expression systems tested, mainly due to high degradation rate. However, after purifying 1,330 times, we were able to obtain an essentially homogeneous preparation of rTS with a final yield of 29%. After minor changes, a modified protocol for a medium scale production was designed obtaining 0.5 mg of homogeneous rTS per liter of bacterial culture. The purified rTS behaved as a homogeneous protein in silver-stained denaturing gels, isoelectrofocusing and N-terminal sequencing having identical pH and temperature optima as the natural enzyme. Conditions to keep the rTS for long periods without a significant loss of activity were identified.
Involvement of the c-kit receptor in the adhesion of hematopoietic stem cells to stromal cells. (1994)

The proto-oncogene c-kit, encoding a receptor-type tyrosine kinase, is allelic with the W locus of the mouse. The stromal cell line OP9, capable of supporting long-term hematopoiesis, was newly established from a newborn B6C3F1-op/op mouse calvaria. When bone marrow cells of WBB6F1-W/Wv mice were cocultured with the OP9 cells in liquid medium, hematopoiesis declined to a level one-thousandth of that in the cocultures of bone marrow cells of WBB6F1-+/+ mice and stromal cells by day 21. In contrast, when bone marrow cells of W/Wv mice were cocultured with OP9 cells in semisolid medium, at least 61% of the number of colonies were detected until the end of our observation period of 42 days when compared with that in control cocultures, although colonies formed by hematopoietic stem cells of W/Wv mice were significantly smaller than those of normal stem cells. After a 24-hour incubation with OP9 cells, fewer stem cells of W/Wv mice than normal ones adhered to the stromal cells. Adhesion of normal stem cells to stromal cells was inhibited by the addition of an antagonists anti-c-kit monoclonal antibody, ACK2. These results demonstrate that the c-kit receptor plays an important role not only in the proliferative response of hematopoietic stem cells but also in their adhesion to stromal cells.
Animal Models of Human Related Calcium Metabolic Disorders (1995)

Comparative Aspects of Cartilage and Bone Formation in Man, Rats, and Mice, A. Ornoy Normal and Abnormal Primary Mineralization, J. Sela and A. Ornoy The Congenital Chondrodysplasias: Human Disorders and Related Animal Models, Z. Borochowitz Osteochondrodysplasias: Clinical Findings in Man and Experimental Animal Models, A. Ornoy Osteoporosis: Animal Models for the Human Disease, A. Ornoy and S. Katzburg Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Changes (Osteopenia), A. Ornoy and S. Katzburg Estrogen Regulation of Endochondral Bone Formation, Z. Schwartz, J. Meincke, E. Nasatzky, D.D. Dean, and B.D. Boyan Regulation of Endochondral Bone Formation by Testosterone, Z. Schwartz, E. Nasatzky, J. Meincke, D.D. Dean, and B.D. Boyan The Evaluation of Bisphosphonates as Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Calcium-Related Disorders, J.M. Van Gelder and G. Golomb Animal Models of Renal Bone Disease, A. Moskovici, D. Rubiner, M.M. Friedlaender, and M.M. Popovtzer
Stereoscopic Depth Discrimination in the Visual Cortex: Neurons Ideally Suited as Disparity Detectors (1990)

The possibility has been explored that a subset of physiologically identifiable cells in the visual cortex is especially suited for the processing of stereoscopic depth information. First, characteristics of a disparity detector that would be useful for such processing were outlined. Then, a method was devised by which detailed binocular response data were obtained from cortical cells. In addition, a model of the disparity detector was developed that includes a plausible hierarchical arrangement of cortical cells. Data from the cells compare well with the requirements for the archetypal disparity detector and are in excellent agreement with the predictions of the model. These results demonstrate that a specific type of cortical neuron exhibits the desired characteristics of a disparity detector.
In Situ Synthesis of P-Type Zeolite Membranes on Porous α-Alumina Supports (1998)

P-type zeolite membranes were hydrothermally synthesized on porous α-alumina supports by the in situ crystallization method. Permselectivity as high as 102 was obtained for H2/SF6 by the P zeolite membrane. At room temperature, the permselectivities for H2/Ar and CH4/Ar are respectively 5.29 and 2.36 and the corresponding permeance of H2 is 5.71 × 10-7 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1.The apparent activation energies for permeation of H2, CH4, and Ar through the P-type zeolite membranes in 25−65 °C were estimated to be 11.1, 9.1, and 15.2 kJ/mol, respectively. In a dry atmosphere, the crystalline structure of the zeolite layer gradually transforms from the cubic to tetragonal phase at temperatures higher than 65 °C. The transformation does not result in drastic changes in gas permeance and permselectivity, indicating that the P-type zeolite films are still continuous. The P-type zeolite membranes are more stable in a humid atmosphere.
Neoadjuvant Percutaneous 4-Hydroxytamoxifen Decreases Breast Tumoral Cell Proliferation: A Prospective Controlled Randomized Study Comparing Three Doses of 4-Hydroxytamoxifen Gel to Oral Tamoxifen (2005)

Percutaneous 4-OHT gel has a local impact on tumor proliferation. It could be tested in future prospective trials of chemoprevention or ductal carcinoma in situ adjuvant hormonotherapy.
Experimental Verification of Epsilon-Near-Zero Metamaterial Coupling and Energy Squeezing Using a Microwave Waveguide (2008)

Utilizing a microwave setup, we experimentally verify our recently developed theory of energy squeezing and tunneling [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 157403 (2006)] through an ultranarrow waveguide channel that mimics zero-permittivity properties. Exploiting the infinite phase velocity supported by a waveguide transition section at cutoff, we test our theory of tunneling in this zero-permittivity region without use of resonant inclusions. This ``supercoupling'' is shown to have unique anomalous properties: an almost uniform phase along the narrow channel and weak dependence over its geometry.
Delta-doped ohmic contacts to n-GaAs (1986)

A new type of nonalloyed ohmic contact to GaAs is realized by molecular beam epitaxy. The ohmic characteristic of the metal-semiconductor junction is obtained by placing a highly δ-doped donor layer a few lattice constants away from the metal-semiconductor interface of the contact and thus keeping the tunneling barrier extremely thin. The current-voltage characteristic of the δ-doped contacts is strictly linear. The measured contact resistance is in the 10−6 Ω cm2 range. Theoretical analysis of the tunneling current through the triangular barrier predicts contact resistances in the range 10−7–10−9 Ω cm2. In spite of the high doping concentration (≂1021 cm−3) the surface morphology of the sample shows no degradation.
Infliximab in moderately severe glucocorticoid resistant ulcerative colitis: a randomised controlled trial (2003)

These data do not support the use of infliximab in the management of moderately active glucocorticoid resistant ulcerative colitis.
Science and Brexit (2016)

Last week's dramatic vote by the United Kingdom (UK) to leave the European Union (EU) was the culmination of a heated referendum campaign that questioned the value of partnerships between the UK and the EU. Now, with many bridges burned—or at least charred—where do political leaders go next? Politicians in the UK and EU are going to need every available foundation on which to rebuild trust and mutual interests. They will need to discover once again how to work in partnership. It will be a long and difficult process; one in which science should play a crucial role.
Targeting of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells Inhibits c-Met– and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor–Mediated Migration and Invasion and Orthotopic Tumor Growth in Mice (2005)

Pancreatic carcinomas express high levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR), both of which mediate cell migration and invasion. We investigated the hypotheses that (a) insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)- and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated migration and invasion of human pancreatic carcinoma cells require uPA and uPAR function and (b) inhibition of uPAR inhibits tumor growth, retroperitoneal invasion, and hepatic metastasis of human pancreatic carcinomas in mice. Using transwell assays, we investigated the effect of IGF-I and HGF on L3.6pl migration and invasion. We measured the induction of uPA and uPAR following treatment of cells with IGF-I and HGF using immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. The importance of uPA and uPAR on L3.6pl cell migration and invasion was studied by inhibiting their activities with amiloride and antibodies before cytokine treatment. In an orthotopic mouse model of human pancreatic carcinoma, we evaluated the effect of anti-uPAR monoclonal antibodies with and without gemcitabine on primary tumor growth, retroperitoneal invasion, and hepatic metastasis. IGF-I and HGF mediated cell migration and invasion in L3.6pl cells. In addition, IGF-I and HGF induced uPA and uPAR expression in L3.6pl cells. In vitro, blockade of uPA and uPAR activity inhibited IGF-I- and HGF-mediated cell migration and invasion. Treatment of mice with anti-uPAR monoclonal antibody significantly decreased pancreatic tumor growth and hepatic metastasis and completely inhibited retroperitoneal invasion. Our study shows the importance of the uPA/uPAR system in pancreatic carcinoma cell migration and invasion. These findings suggest that uPAR is a potential target for therapy in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Curricular Coherence: Thinking about Intentions and Outcomes. (1991)

<b>Objective:</b> We investigated the effects of age on mood and mental health-mediated emotion regulation, such as cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and examined whether these relationships differ according to gender. <b>Method:</b> We recruited 936 Japanese participants. They comprised six age groups ranging from 20 to 70 years old, with 156 participants in each age group and equal numbers of men and women. <b>Results:</b> Structural equation model analysis showed that older participants were more likely to use cognitive reappraisal, further enhancing positive mood and reducing negative mood, whereas, age did not affect expressive suppression. Moreover, expressive suppression had a smaller impact on mood than cognitive reappraisal. A multi-group analysis showed significant gender differences. In men, cognitive reappraisal increased with age and influenced mood more positively than in women. <b>Discussion:</b> Our findings indicated gender differences in aging effects on emotion regulation. We discussed about these results from the cognitive process, motivation to emotion regulation, and cultural differences.
Standardized RT-PCR and the Standardized Expression Measurement Center (2004)

Standardized reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (StaRT-PCR) is a modification of the competitive template (CT) RT method described by Gilliland et al. StaRT-PCR allows rapid, reproducible, standardized, quantitative measurement of data for many genes simultaneously. An internal standard CT is prepared for each gene, cloned to generate enough for 10(9) assays and CTs for up to 1,000 genes are mixed together. Each target gene is normalized to a reference gene to control for cDNA loaded in a standardized mixture of internal standards (SMIS) into the reaction. Each target gene and reference gene is measured relative to its respective internal standard within the SMIS. Because each target gene and reference gene is simultaneously measured relative to a known number of internal standard molecules in the SMIS, it is possible to report each gene expression measurement as a numerical value in units of target gene cDNA molecules/ 10(6) reference gene cDNA molecules. Calculation of data in this format allows for entry into a common databank, direct interexperimental comparison, and combination of values into interactive gene expression indices.
Detection of an antigen‐antibody system in serum associated with human non‐A, non‐B hepatitis (1979)

An antigen was detected by counterelectrophoresis in serum samples from six of seven chimpanzees during the acute phase of experimentally induced non-A, non-B hepatitis using antiserum from a chimpanzee convalescent from human non-A, non-B hepatitis. This antigen could not be detected in 35 preinoculation serum samples from these chimpanzees, or in 94 weekly bleedings from three chimpanzees with hepatitis A and three chimpanzees with hepatitis B. The antigen was detected in serum samples obtained from three humans with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis whose blood had transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis to other humans (including a nurse by accidental needlestick) and to chimpanzees by experimental inoculation. In addition, the antigen was detected in serum obtained retrospectively from 11 to 31 former blood donors whose blood had transmitted posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis several years previously to recipients of a single unit of their blood. Antibody to this antigen was detected in convalescent serum samples from all seven chimpanzees studied, in convalescent serum from the nurse infected by accidental needlestick, and in serum from a hemodialysis patient convalescent from non-A, non-B hepatitis.
Dataset, Ground-Truth and Performance Metrics for Table Detection Evaluation (2012)

Table detection is an important task in the field of document analysis. It has been extensively studied since a couple of decades. Various kinds of document mediums are involved, from scanned images to web pages, from plain texts to PDF files. Numerous algorithms published bring up a challenging issue: how to evaluate algorithms in different context. Currently, most work on table detection conducts experiments on their in-house dataset. Even the few sources of online datasets are targeted at image documents only. Moreover, Precision and recall measurement are usual practice in order to account performance based on human evaluation. In this paper, we provide a dataset that is representative, large and most importantly, publicly available. The compatible format of the ground truth makes evaluation independent of document medium. We also propose a set of new measures, implement them, and open the source code. Finally, three existing table detection algorithms are evaluated to demonstrate the reliability of the dataset and metrics.
Office du juge de l'exequatur dans le contrôle de l'ordre public procédural (1995)

International audience
Expression Analysis of the Yersiniabactin Receptor Gene fyuA and the Heme Receptor hemR of Yersinia enterocolitica In Vitro and In Vivo Using the Reporter Genes for Green Fluorescent Protein and Luciferase (2001)

ABSTRACT The enteropathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains have several systems for scavenging iron from their environment. We have studied the expression of the fyuA gene, which encodes the outer membrane receptor for the siderophore yersiniabactin (Ybt), and the hemR gene, which encodes the receptor for heme, using the reporter genes gfp (encoding green fluorescent protein) and luc (encoding firefly luciferase). To study gene expression in vitro as well as in vivo, we have constructed several translational reporter gene fusions to monitor simultaneously expression of fyuA and hemR or expression of one gene by a gfp - luc tandem reporter. Results of the in vitro expression analysis (liquid media) indicated that fyuA and hemR are strongly derepressed under iron starvation conditions, resulting in strong fluorescence and/or luminescence at 27°C. In the in vivo BALB/C mouse infection model, tissue-specific expression of fyuA and hemR reporter fusions was observed. Surprisingly, fyuA and hemR reporter constructs were weakly expressed by yersiniae located in the liver and intestinal lumen, whereas strong expression was found for yersiniae in the peritoneal cavity and moderate expression was found in the spleen. Strikingly, yersiniae carrying fyuA or hemR reporter fusions exhibited threefold-stronger signals when grown in the peritoneal cavity of mice than those growing under iron derepression in vitro. This hyperexpression suggests that besides Fur derepression, additional activators may be involved in the enhanced expression of fyuA and hemR under peritoneal growth conditions. Differential expression of the fyuA and hemR reporter fusions could not be observed, suggesting similar regulation of fyuA and hemR in the mouse infection model.
Established Human Papillomavirus Type 16-Expressing Tumors Are Effectively Eradicated Following Vaccination with Long Peptides (2002)

Peptide-based vaccines aimed at the induction of effective T cell responses against established cancers have so far only met with limited clinical success and clearly need to be improved. In a preclinical model of human papillomavirus (HPV)16-induced cervical cancer we show that prime-boost vaccinations with the HPV16-derived 35 amino-acid long peptide E7(43-77), containing both a CTL epitope and a Th epitope, resulted in the induction of far more robust E7-specific CD8(+) T cell responses than vaccinations with the minimal CTL epitope only. We demonstrate that two distinct mechanisms are responsible for this effect. First, vaccinations with the long peptide lead to the generation of E7-specific CD4(+) Th cells. The level of the induced E7-specific CD8(+) T cell response proved to be dependent on the interactions of these Th cells with professional APC. Second, we demonstrate that vaccination with the long peptide and dendritic cell-activating agents resulted in a superior induction of E7-specific CD8(+) T cells, even when T cell help was excluded. This suggests that, due to its size, the long peptide was preferably endocytosed, processed, and presented by professional APCs. Moreover, the efficacy of this superior HPV-specific T cell induction was demonstrated in therapeutic prime-boost vaccinations in which the long peptide admixed with the dendritic cell-activating adjuvant oligodeoxynucleotide-CpG resulted in the eradication of large, established HPV16-expressing tumors. Because the vaccine types used in this study are easy to prepare under good manufacturing practice conditions and are safe to administer to humans, these data provide important information for future clinical trials.