gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review and Rationale for the Use of Cellular Transplantation as a Therapeutic Strategy for Traumatic Brain Injury (2004)

Experimental research during the past decade has greatly increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and allowed us to develop neuroprotective pharmacological therapies. Encouraging results of experimental pharmacological interventions, however, have not been translated into successful clinical trials, to date. Traumatic brain injury is now believed to be a progressive degenerative disease characterized by cell loss. The limited capacity for self-repair of the brain suggests that functional recovery following TBI is likely to require cellular transplantation of exogenous cells to replace those lost to trauma. Recent advances in central nervous system transplantation techniques involve technical and experimental refinements and the analysis of the feasibility and efficacy of transplantation of a range of stem cells, progenitor cells and postmitotic cells. Cellular transplantation has begun to be evaluated in several models of experimental TBI, with promising results. The following is a compendium of these new and exciting studies, including a critical discussion of the rationale and caveats associated with cellular transplantation techniques in experimental TBI research. Further refinements in future research are likely to improve results from transplantation-based treatments for TBI.
Role of F‐18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in the Assessment of Myocardial Viability (2005)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique with important clinical applications in cardiology, oncology, and neurology. In cardiac imaging, its role has been extensively evaluated in the noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease and in the determination of prognosis. Additionally, cardiac PET with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is very helpful in selection of patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction who would benefit from coronary artery revascularization. Cardiac PET is arguably considered by many as a gold standard in this particular application. F-18, unlike other positron emitters, has a reasonably long physical half-life, which permits its distribution through commercial radiopharmacies. This is further facilitated by increasing popularity of FDG PET in oncology, which makes cardiac FDG PET a practical option for hospitals and outpatient centers equipped with PET scanners. In addition, gamma camera single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) systems, routinely used in nuclear medicine departments, can be equipped with coincidence circuit or high-energy 511 KeV collimators, providing a cost-effective means of FDG cardiac imaging. Myocardial utilization of glucose as a substrate is variable, depending, among other factors, on serum levels of glucose and insulin. Therefore, patient preparation is important in obtaining good-quality images and in turn allowing for accurate interpretation of myocardial viability. There are various protocols to choose from that provide diagnostic image quality in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Mismatch between blood flow and FDG metabolism, an indicator of viable, jeopardized myocardium, can predict postrevascularization improvement in left ventricular function, symptomatic relief, and long-term survival.
Inhibition of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR-1) gene in human melanocytes and malignant melanomas leads to inhibition of proliferation and signs indicative of differentiation. (1992)

Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR-1) is expressed as a single 3.5-kb mRNA transcript in normal human melanocytes and in malignant melanomas as determined upon Northern hybridization to a cDNA clone encoding the membrane-spanning form of the human FGFR-1. Polyclonal antisera directed against the chicken FGFR recognized a 145-kDa protein in primary and metastatic melanomas. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeted against the translation start site and a splice donor-acceptor site of human FGFR-1, in addition to inhibiting the proliferation of normal human melanocytes and malignant melanomas, caused extensive dendrite formation and severe disruption of cell-cell contact--morphological changes that were not observed upon inhibition of the genes encoding basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and retinoic acid-alpha receptor. Thus, unlike in the case of the ligand bFGF, expression of the FGFR-1 may represent a requisite to prevent human melanocytes and malignant melanomas from undergoing (terminal) differentiation.
Evaluation of Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Association with Clinical Endpoints in a Phase II Clinical Trial of Pertuzumab and Erlotinib (2012)

These data provide evidence of a correlation between decreases in CTC counts and radiographic response by either FDG-PET or RECIST in patients with advanced NSCLC. These findings require prospective validation but suggest a potential role for using CTC decreases as an early indication of response to therapy and ctDNA for real-time assessment of mutation status from blood.
An Overview of Complex Hadamard Cubes (2012)

Hadamard matrices have been studied by many authors, but higher-dimensional generalizations of Hadamard matrices are new and still relatively unexplored. This paper will present an overview of Hadamard matrices and their generalizations. In particular we will explore Walsh functions and Hadamard matrices. We will also extend Yang's Product Construction to create complex 3-D Hadamard cubes.
Effects of Fluticasone on Systemic Markers of Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2004)

Systemic inflammation is present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which has been linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We determined the effects of oral and inhaled corticosteroids on serum markers of inflammation in patients with stable COPD. We recruited 41 patients with mild to moderate COPD. After 4 weeks during which inhaled corticosteroids were discontinued, patients were assigned to fluticasone (500 mcg twice a day), oral prednisone (30 mg/day), or placebo over 2 weeks, followed by 8 weeks of fluticasone at 500 mcg twice a day and another 8 weeks at 1,000 mcg twice a day. Withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids increased baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) levels by 71% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16-152%). Two weeks with inhaled fluticasone reduced CRP levels by 50% (95% CI, 9-73%); prednisone reduced it by 63% (95% CI, 29-81%). No significant changes were observed with the placebo. An additional 8 weeks of fluticasone were associated with CRP levels that were lower than those at baseline (a 29% reduction; 95% CI, 7-46%). Inhaled and oral corticosteroids are effective in reducing serum CRP levels in patients with COPD and suggest their potential use for improving cardiovascular outcomes in COPD.
The nature of fluorescence emission in the red fluorescent protein DsRed, revealed by single-molecule detection (2001)

Recent studies on the newly cloned red fluorescence protein DsRed from the Discosoma genus have shown its tremendous advantages: bright red fluorescence and high resistance against photobleaching. However, it has also become clear that the protein forms closely packed tetramers, and there is indication for incomplete protein maturation with unknown proportion of immature green species. We have applied single-molecule methodology to elucidate the nature of the fluorescence emission in the DsRed. Real-time fluorescence trajectories have been acquired with polarization sensitive detection. Our results indicate that energy transfer between identical monomers occurs efficiently with red emission arising equally likely from any of the chromophoric units. Photodissociation of one of the chromophores weakly quenches the emission of adjacent ones. Dual color excitation (at 488 and 568 nm) single-molecule microscopy has been performed to reveal the number and distribution of red vs. green species within each tetramer. We find that 86% of the DsRed contain at least one green species with a red-to-green ratio of 1.2-1.5. On the basis of our findings, oligomer suppression would not only be advantageous for protein fusion but will also increase the fluorescence emission of individual monomers.
Terpene Biosynthesis in Glandular Trichomes of Hop (2008)

Abstract Hop (Humulus lupulus L. Cannabaceae) is an economically important crop for the brewing industry, where it is used to impart flavor and aroma to beer, and has also drawn attention in recent years due to its potential pharmaceutical applications. Essential oils (mono- and sesquiterpenes), bitter acids (prenylated polyketides), and prenylflavonoids are the primary phytochemical components that account for these traits, and all accumulate at high concentrations in glandular trichomes of hop cones. To understand the molecular basis for terpene accumulation in hop trichomes, a trichome cDNA library was constructed and 9,816 cleansed expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences were obtained from random sequencing of 16,152 cDNA clones. The ESTs were assembled into 3,619 unigenes (1,101 contigs and 2,518 singletons). Putative functions were assigned to the unigenes based on their homology to annotated sequences in the GenBank database. Two mono- and two sesquiterpene synthases identified from the EST collection were expressed in Escherichia coli. Hop MONOTERPENE SYNTHASE2 formed the linear monterpene myrcene from geranyl pyrophosphate, whereas hop SESQUITERPENE SYNTHASE1 (HlSTS1) formed both caryophyllene and humulene from farnesyl pyrophosphate. Together, these enzymes account for the production of the major terpene constituents of the hop trichomes. HlSTS2 formed the minor sesquiterpene constituent germacrene A, which was converted to β-elemene on chromatography at elevated temperature. We discuss potential functions for other genes expressed at high levels in developing hop trichomes.
Pharmacokinetics and therapeutics of sterically stabilized liposomes in mice bearing C-26 colon carcinoma. (1992)

Three different liposome types were compared for blood clearance and tissue uptake in mice bearing C-26 colon carcinoma growing either s.c. or in liver. Therapeutic experiments were performed with the liposome preparation showing the highest tumor uptake. Liposomes were composed of solid-phase phosphatidylcholine, either distearoyl phosphatidylcholine or hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol at a 2:1 molar ratio. These liposomes were compared with similar but sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) which, in addition, contained either GM1 ganglioside or phosphatidylethanolamine derivatized with poly(ethylene glycol). Pharmacokinetic analysis of drug disposition was based on the areas under the curve for liposome-entrapped 67Ga uptake per gram of tissue up to 96 h following i.v. injection. The highest tissue area under the curve values with both liposome types were obtained in spleen, liver, and tumor. However, the sterically stabilized liposomes gave an area under the curve value 2-3-fold higher in the s.c. tumor and about 2-fold lower in liver and spleen. The therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX) and epirubicin (EPI) encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol)-derivatized phosphatidylethanolamine-containing liposomes was compared with that of free drug at two doses, 6 and 9 (or 10) mg/kg animal weight. Liposomes containing drug were injected either as a single dose, at different times following tumor implantation, or as three weekly doses starting 10 days after implantation. When injected as a single dose, liposome-encapsulated DOX had the maximal effect on tumor growth when injected 6 to 9 days after tumor implantation. When injected as three weekly doses, with treatment starting with a delay of 10 days, tumors which had grown to a size of approximately 0.05-0.1 cm3 regressed in groups of animals treated with either liposome-encapsulated drug (SL-DOX or SL-EPI) but continued to grow unabated in untreated mice and in mice receiving either of the free drugs. Survival of tumor-bearing animals treated with either SL-EPI or SL-DOX was significantly prolonged. Animals receiving saline, EPI, or DOX survived a mean of 50, 62, and 49 days, respectively, following tumor implantation. Eight of nine and nine of 10 animals receiving 6 and 9 mg/kg SL-EPI, respectively, survived to 120 days. Ten of 10 animals in both groups receiving 6 and 9 mg/kg SL-DOX survived to 120 days. None of the surviving animals in the SL-EPI and SL-DOX group showed any histological evidence of tumor at the conclusion of the experiment (120 days).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Development of an arterial tonometer sensor (2009)

In this study, we developed arterial tonometer sensor array using piezoresistive sensor elements and PDMS coating. Computer simulation for the pressure response of the sensor was compared with measurement results. The pressure attenuation ratios for simulation and measurement by 3mm PDMS coating were 0.2145 and 0.2952, respectively. It is expected that sensitivity of the sensor array depending on PDMS coating thickness can be determined using proposed method. And by designing the sensor bonding layer and wire bonding layer separately, it can improve wire connection reliability.
PICSEL (2008)

The ultimate goal of a computer system is to satisfy its users. The success of architectural or system-level optimizations depends largely on having accurate metrics for user satisfaction. We propose to derive such metrics from information that is "close to flesh" and apparent to the user rather than from information that is "close to metal" and hidden from the user. We describe and evaluate PICSEL, a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technique that uses measurements of variations in the rate of change of a computer's video output to estimate user-perceived performance. Our adaptive algorithms, one conservative and one aggressive, use these estimates to dramatically reduce operating frequencies and voltages for graphically-intensive applications while maintaining performance at a satisfactory level for the user. We evaluate PICSEL through user studies conducted on a Pentium M laptop running Windows XP. Experiments performed with 20 users executing three applications indicate that the measured laptop power can be reduced by up to 12.1%, averaged across all of our users and applications, compared to the default Windows XP DVFS policy. User studies revealed that the difference in overall user satisfaction between the more aggressive version of PICSEL and Windows DVFS were statistically insignificant, whereas the conservative version of PICSEL actually improved user satisfaction when compared to Windows DVFS.
The SCADS director: scaling a distributed storage system under stringent performance requirements (2011)

Elasticity of cloud computing environments provides an economic incentive for automatic resource allocation of stateful systems running in the cloud. However, these systems have to meet strict performance Service-Level Objectives (SLOs) expressed using upper percentiles of request latency, such as the 99th. Such latency measurements are very noisy, which complicates the design of the dynamic resource allocation. We design and evaluate the SCADS Director, a control framework that reconfigures the storage system on-the-fly in response to workload changes using a performance model of the system. We demonstrate that such a framework can respond to both unexpected data hotspots and diurnal workload patterns without violating strict performance SLOs.
Anti-Fas IgG1 antibodies recognizing the same epitope of Fas/APO-1 mediate different biological effects in vitro (1997)

Fas/APO-1 is a cell surface glycoprotein that mediates programmed cell death or apoptosis when cross-linked with agonistic anti-Fas or anti-APO-1 mAb or the endogenous Fas/APO-1 ligand. In this report, we examined the in vitro biological properties of a panel of anti-human Fas mAb of IgG1 subclass (ZB4, VB3, WB3 and CBE). We found that anti-Fas clone VB3 induced marked apoptotic cell death in Fas/APO-1-expressing Jurkat cells, although this cell killing was delayed when compared to the cytolytic effect mediated by the prototypic anti-Fas antibody of IgM subclass (clone CH-11). The ZB4 antibody, on the other hand, efficiently blocked apoptosis induced by CH-11. The WB3 and CBE clones neither induced or inhibited apoptosis. These antibodies were all found to recognize one and the same linear site on the Fas/APO-1 molecule, despite their different biological effects. The ability of these anti-Fas mAb to induce or inhibit apoptosis appeared to correlate with their relative affinity for the Fas/APO-1 molecule. These results provide further evidence for the potential of anti-Fas antibodies of the IgG1 subclass to elicit signals via the Fas/APO-1 molecule.
.beta.1-Selective adrenoceptor antagonists. 3. 4-Azolyl linked phenoxypropanolamines (1984)

A series of 4-substituted phenoxypropanolamines has been prepared and examined for beta-adrenoceptor activity. The 4-substituents, di- and triazole ring systems connected to the phenoxy ring by different length chains, were chosen as a means of introducing cardioselectivity. This has been achieved, especially in the 1-[4-[(4-chloropyrazol-1-yl)methoxy] phenoxy]-3-(isopropylamino)-2-propanol (11), the 4-[(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)methoxy] analogue (21), and the 4-[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)ethoxy] analogue (22), which show potent beta 1-blockade with selectivity ratios in excess of 100:1. Structure-activity relationships are discussed, and the optimum position of the heteroatom in the 4-substituent is defined.
Lipid coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles as photosensitive drug carriers (2010)

This paper presents a strategy for the biofunctionalization of novel photosensitizer carriers, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). After being calcined and absorbed with photosensitizers (hypocrellin B, HB), MSNs can be coated with a lipid layer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) results proved that HB molecules can be loaded into MSN porous and lipid can coated on the surface of the nanoparticles. When co-cultured with cancer cells (MCF-7), MSNs can transport HB molecules into cells and present low cytotoxicity. With the introduction of a lipid layer, the efficiency of MSN uptake by cells can be improved. These intracellular HB-loaded MSN materials also present cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells after light irradiation which indicates the materials can be used as good photosensitizer carriers in photodynamic therapy.
Demande d'assistance et droit de protection : insécurité sociale et stratégies sanitaires au Cameroun (1984)

Bernard Hours : Demande d'assistance et droit de protection : insécurité sociale et stratégies sanitaires au Cameroun. À partir d'une enquête ethnologique effectuée de 1980 à 1983 au Cameroun, l'auteur tente d'appréhender les représentations de la santé publique et d'analyser les rapports sociaux qui se jouent dans ce champ. Deux grandes logiques opposées se mêlent à propos de la couverture des besoins sanitaires : entre la demande de charité ou d'assistance d'un côté, et de l'autre la revendication du droit à recevoir des prestations de la part de l'État, se construisent des stratégies sanitaires contradictoires des malades, qui manifestent à la fois insatisfaction et insécurité.
Characterization of Shigella flexneri-specific murine monoclonal antibodies by chemically defined glycoconjugates. (1986)

Chemically defined glycoconjugates are demonstrated to have considerable potential for selecting hybridoma antibodies directed toward O-antigenic determinants, especially when used in combination with a panel of well-characterized LPS molecules. Monoclonal antibodies specific for the Shigella flexneri O-antigens of serogroup 5b, variants X and Y, were generated after immunization of BALB/c mice with killed bacterial cells, and active hybrids were selected on the basis of ELISA performed with the purified serotype-specific LPS antigen. Subsequent screening with a variety of glycoconjugates, derived from synthetic oligosaccharides and larger structures obtained by phage Sf6/endo-rhamnosidase hydrolysis of purified LPS established a detailed profile of binding characteristics for Shigella flexneri variant Y-specific antibodies. Together with the results of precipitin analysis and heavy chain isotyping experiments, a limited number of antibodies were selected as candidates for detailed studies of the antibody combining site.
Abstract 465: NEDD9 adaptor protein in glioblastoma cell migration and invasion (2012)

Abstract Gliomas are characterised by extensive infiltration of the surrounding normal brain parenchyma using neurite-like extensions. Significantly, glioma locomotion is highly similar to invading neural precursor cells. Earlier work has shown that the adhesion adaptor protein NEDD9 promotes active membrane extension in non-neuronal cells, is implicated in neuritogenesis and is enriched in neural precursor cells. Critically, NEDD9 depletion significantly inhibits neural precursor cell migration in vivo and reduces U87MG glioblastoma cell invasion through a brain homogenate. Therefore, we have sought to determine NEDD9 function in glioma cell morphology and 3D cell migration. We first categorized glioblastoma cell lines into mesenchymal, pro-neural and proliferative subtypes via expression of YKL-40 and DLL3. We then used representatives from each that expressed NEDD9 to investigate glioma cell morphology and behaviour. In two-dimensional (2D) culture, NEDD9 depletion caused the loss of microtubule-rich membrane protrusions that were observed in proliferative and mesenchymal cell types. Further, NEDD9 depletion caused increased cell size in 2D and reduced migration speed and persistence in 3D culture in all lines examined. Quantification of morphologies in 3D culture following either NEDD9 depletion or Rac GTPase inhibition revealed no detectable change in rounded versus elongated morphologies. To determine which partner molecules are required for NEDD9 maintenance of cell speed, we screened interacting partners in invading glioblastoma cells. We identified and confirmed the adaptor protein CIN85 as a novel interacting partner of the NEDD9 Src Homology 3 (SH3) domain. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that CIN85 localised to structures involved in cell migration. Our study has revealed that NEDD9 depletion can inhibit migration of lines derived from mesenchymal, pro-neural and proliferative glioblastoma cell types. These findings highlight NEDD9 signalling in glioma as potentially playing a role in the migration of different glioblastoma tumour subtypes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 465. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-465