gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Behavioral Modeling of 3G Power Amplifiers Using Real-Valued Time-Delay Neural Networks (2004)

In this paper, we propose a novel real-valued time-delay neural network (RVTDNN) suitable for dynamic modeling of the baseband nonlinear behaviors of third-generation (3G) base-station power amplifiers (PA). Parameters (weights and biases) of the proposed model are identified using the back-propagation algorithm, which is applied to the input and output waveforms of the PA recorded under real operation conditions. Time- and frequency-domain simulation of a 90-W LDMOS PA output using this novel neural-network model exhibit a good agreement between the RVTDNN behavioral model's predicted results and measured ones along with a good generality. Moreover, dynamic AM/AM and AM/PM characteristics obtained using the proposed model demonstrated that the RVTDNN can track and account for the memory effects of the PAs well. These characteristics also point out that the small-signal response of the LDMOS PA is more affected by the memory effects than the PAs large-signal response when it is driven by 3G signals. This RVTDNN model requires a significantly reduced complexity and shorter processing time in the analysis and training procedures, when driven with complex modulated and highly varying envelope signals such as 3G signals, than previously published neural-network-based PA models.
Role of the p21 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in limiting intimal cell proliferation in response to arterial injury. (1996)

Arterial injury induces a series of proliferative, vasoactive, and inflammatory responses that lead to vascular proliferative diseases, including atherosclerosis and restenosis. Although several factors have been defined which stimulate this process in vivo, the role of specific cellular gene products in limiting this response is not well understood. The p21 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor affects cell cycle progression, senescence, and differentiation in transformed cells, but its expression in injured blood vessels has not been investigated. In this study, we report that p21 protein is induced in porcine arteries following balloon catheter injury and suggest that p21 is likely to play a role in limiting arterial cell proliferation in vivo. Vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell growth was arrested through the ability of p21 to inhibit progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Following injury to porcine arteries, p21 gene product was detected in the neointima and correlated inversely with the location and kinetics of intimal cell proliferation. Direct gene transfer of p21 using an adenoviral vector into balloon injured porcine arteries inhibited the development of intimal hyperplasia. Taken together, these findings suggest that p21, and possibly related cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, may normally regulate cellular proliferation following arterial injury, and strategies to increase its expression may prove therapeutically beneficial in vascular diseases.
Kinetic Properties of the Plasma Membrane Na+ -H+ Exchanger (1985)

The plasma membrane Na+-H+ exchanger is a ubiquitous transport system that participates in diverse cell functions involving the cellular uptake of Na+ or extrusion of H+. It has a tightly coupled 1:1 stoichiometry, has affinity for Li+ and NH+4 in addition to Na+ and H+, and can function in multiple amiloride-sensitive exchange modes involving these cations. These general transport properties may be explained by kinetic models involving either cation-hydroxyl cotransport or actual cation-proton exchange. The most important kinetic property of the Na+-H+ exchanger is its greater than first-order dependence on [H+]i. This property enables the Na+-H+ exchanger to play an important role in the regulation of intracellular pH.
Dendritic Cells as A Conduit to Improve HIV Vaccines (2003)

Many potential HIV vaccine strategies are being explored in both animal model and human settings. The success of any vaccine relies on relevant antigenic determinants being presented to the immune system for the activation of broad and long-lasting immunity. Effective immunity against HIV infection will likely require both the cellular and humoral arms of the immune system, where HIV-specific killer cells eradicate infected targets and neutralizing antibody responses contribute by preventing the initial infection of host cells. As the most potent antigen presenting cell of the immune system, the dendritic cell (DC) orchestrates the activation of adaptive immune responses as well as contributing to the early innate responses to a pathogen, which may also aid in the initial control of infection. It follows therefore, that the efficiency of a vaccine antigen would be greatly enhanced if targeted to the appropriate DCs to ensure optimal presentation to and subsequently activation of the immune system. This review will discuss (i) the current status of DC biology, covering distinct DC subsets and stages of activation and how these influence the types of immune responses that are induced, (ii) how DCs can be exploited to improve the efficacy of HIV vaccine strategies currently under investigation, (iii) what has been learned from in vivo model systems using DCs, and (iv) future considerations to advance HIV vaccinology.
Sequence-specific oxidative cleavage of DNA by a designed metalloprotein, nickel(II).cntdot.GGH(Hin139-190) (1992)

A 55-residue protein containing the DNA binding domain of Hin recombinase, residues 139-190, with the tripeptide Gly-Gly-His (GGH) at the NH2 terminus was synthesized by stepwise solid-phase methods. GGH(Hin139-190) binds sequence specifically to DNA at four 13 base pair sites (termed hixL and secondary) and, in the presence of Ni(OAc)2 and monoperoxyphthalic acid, reacts predominantly at a single deoxyribose position on one strand of each binding site [Mack, D.P., & Dervan, P.B. (1990) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 4604]. We find that, upon treatment with n-butylamine, the DNA termini at the cleavage site are 3'- and 5'-phosphate, consistent with oxidative degradation of the deoxyribose backbone. The nickel-mediated oxidation can be activated with peracid, iodosylbenzene, or hydrogen peroxide. The sequence specificity of the reaction is not dependent on oxidant, but the rates of cleavage differ, decreasing in the order peracid greater than iodosylbenzene greater than hydrogen peroxide. Optimal cleavage conditions for a 1 microM concentration of protein are 50 microM peracid, pH 8.0, and 1 equiv of Ni(OAc)2. The preferential cleavage at a single base pair position on one strand of the minor groove indicates a nondiffusible oxidizing species. A change of absolute configuration in the GGH metal binding domain from L-His to D-His [Ni(II).GG-(-D-)H(Hin139-190)] affords cleavage at similar base pair locations but opposite with regard to strand specificity.
Nicotinamide N‐methyl transferase (NNMT) gene polymorphisms and risk for spina bifida (2008)

No association was found between infant NNMT gene variants and risk for spina bifida in our study population. However, small sample sizes for most variant groups and for phase-unknown haplotype data limited the power of the study.
Interaction of human CYP17 (P-45017α, 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase) with cytochrome b5: importance of the orientation of the hydrophobic domain of cytochrome b5 (1997)

Human CYP17 (P-450(17alpha), 17alpha-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase)-catalysed side-chain cleavage of 17alpha-hydroxyprogestogens into androgens is greatly dependent on the presence of cytochrome b5. The native form of cytochrome b5 is composed of a globular core, residues 1-98, followed by a membrane insertable C-terminal tail, residues 99-133. In the present study the abilities of five different forms of cytochrome b5 to support the side-chain cleavage activity of CYP17 were compared. The five derivatives were: the native pig cytochrome b5 (native pig), its genetically engineered rat counterpart (core-tail), the soluble core form of the latter (core), the core with the secretory signal sequence of alkaline phosphatase appended to its N-terminal (signal-core) and the latter containing the C-terminal tail of the native rat protein (signal-core-tail). When examined by Edman degradation and MS, the engineered proteins were shown to have the expected N-terminal amino acid sequences and molecular masses. The native pig was found to be acetylated at the N-terminal. The native pig and core-tail enzymes were equally efficient at enhancing the side-chain cleavage activity of human CYP17 and the signal-core-tail was 55% as efficient. The core and signal-core constructs were completely inactive in the aforementioned reaction. All the five derivatives were reduced to varying degrees by NADPH:cytochrome P-450 (NADPH-P450) reductase and the relative efficiencies of this reduction were reminiscent of the behaviour of these derivatives in supporting the side-chain cleavage reaction. In the side-chain cleavage assay, however, NADPH-P450 reductase was used in large excess so that the reduction of cytochrome b5 derivatives was not rate-limiting. The results highlight that productive interaction between cytochrome b5 and CYP17 is governed not only by the presence of a membrane insertable hydrophobic region on the cytochrome b5 but also by its defined spatial orientation at the C-terminal.
Amplified dispersive Fourier-transform imaging for ultrafast displacement sensing and barcode reading (2008)

Dispersive Fourier transformation is a powerful technique in which the spectrum of an optical pulse is mapped into a time-domain waveform using chromatic dispersion. It replaces a diffraction grating and detector array with a dispersive fiber and single photodetector. This simplifies the system and, more importantly, enables fast real-time measurements. Here we describe a novel ultrafast barcode reader and displacement sensor that employs internally amplified dispersive Fourier transformation. This technique amplifies and simultaneously maps the spectrally encoded barcode into a temporal waveform. It achieves a record acquisition speed of 25MHz—four orders of magnitude faster than the current state of the art.
μ Opioid Receptor Phosphorylation, Desensitization, and Ligand Efficacy (1997)

Mu opioid receptors are subject to phosphorylation and desensitization through actions of at least two distinct biochemical pathways: agonist-dependent mu receptor phosphorylation and desensitization induced by a biochemically distinct second pathway dependent on protein kinase C activation (1). To better understand the nature of the agonist-induced mu receptor phosphorylation events, we have investigated the effects of a variety of opiate ligands of varying potencies and intrinsic activities on mu receptor phosphorylation and desensitization. Exposure to the potent full agonists sufentanil, dihydroetorphine, etorphine, etonitazine, and [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Glyol5]enkephalin (DAMGO) led to strong receptor phosphorylation, while methadone, l-alpha-acetylmethadone (LAAM), morphine, meperidine, DADL, beta-endorphin(1-31), enkephalins, and dynorphin A(1-17) produced intermediate effects. The partial agonist buprenorphine minimally enhanced receptor phosphorylation while antagonists failed to alter phosphorylation. Buprenorphine and full antagonists each antagonized the enhanced mu receptor phosphorylation induced by morphine or DAMGO. The rank order of opiate ligand efficacies in producing mu receptor-mediated functional desensitization generally paralleled their rank order of efficacies in producing receptor phosphorylation. Interestingly, the desensitization and phosphorylation mediated by methadone and LAAM were disproportionate to their efficacies in two distinct test systems. This generally good fit between the efficacies of opiates in mu receptor activation, phosphorylation, and desensitization supports the idea that activated receptor/agonist/G-protein complexes and/or receptor conformational changes induced by agonists are required for agonist-induced mu receptor phosphorylation. Data for methadone and LAAM suggest possible contribution from their enhanced desensitizing abilities to their therapeutic efficacies.
Genetic Diversity and mRNA Expression of Porcine MHC Class I Chain-Related 2 (SLA-MIC2) Gene and Development of a High-Resolution Typing Method (2015)

The genetic structure and function of MHC class I chain-related (MIC) genes in the pig genome have not been well characterized, and show discordance in available data. Therefore, we have experimentally characterized the exon-intron structure and functional copy expression pattern of the pig MIC gene, SLA-MIC2. We have also studied the genetic diversity of SLA-MIC2 from seven different breeds using a high-resolution genomic sequence-based typing (GSBT) method. Our results showed that the SLA-MIC2 gene has a similar molecular organization as the human and cattle orthologs, and is expressed in only a few tissues including the small intestine, lung, and heart. A total of fifteen SLA-MIC2 alleles were identified from typing 145 animals, ten of which were previously unreported. Our analysis showed that the previously reported and tentatively named SLA-MIC2*05, 07, and 01 alleles occurred most frequently. The observed heterozygosity varied from 0.26 to 0.73 among breeds. The number of alleles of the SLA-MIC2 gene in pigs is somewhat lower compared to the number of alleles of the porcine MHC class I and II genes; however, the level of heterozygosity was similar. Our results indicate the comprehensiveness of using genomic DNA-based typing for the systemic study of the SLA-MIC2 gene. The method developed for this study, as well as the detailed information that was obtained, could serve as fundamental tools for understanding the influence of the SLA-MIC2 gene on porcine immune responses.
Noninvasive Visualization of Adenovirus Replication with a Fluorescent Reporter in the E3 Region (2005)

Abstract To overcome the inefficacy and undesirable side effects of current cancer treatment strategies, conditionally replicative adenoviruses have been developed to exploit the unique mechanism of oncolysis afforded by tumor-specific viral replication. Despite rapid translation into clinical trials and the established safety of oncolytic adenoviruses, the in vivo function of these agents is not well understood due to lack of a noninvasive detection system for adenovirus replication. To address this issue, we propose the expression of a reporter from the adenovirus E3 region as a means to monitor replication. Adenovirus replication reporter vectors were constructed with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene placed in the deleted E3 region under the control of the adenoviral major late promoter while retaining expression of the adenovirus death protein to conserve the native oncolytic capability of the virus. Strong EGFP fluorescence was detected from these vectors in a replication-dependent manner, which correlated with viral DNA replication. Fluorescence imaging in vivo confirmed the ability to noninvasively detect fluorescent signal during replication, which generally corresponded with the underlying level of viral DNA replication. EGFP representation of viral replication was further confirmed by Western blot comparison with the viral DNA content in the tumors. Imaging reporter expression controlled by the adenoviral major late promoter provides a viable approach to noninvasively monitor adenovirus replication in preclinical studies and has the potential for human application with clinically relevant imaging reporters.
Radioprotective thiazolidines from .beta.-keto esters (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadioprotective thiazolidines from .beta.-keto estersPatrick S. Farmer, Chun-Cheung Leung, and Edmund M. K. LuiCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 4, 411–413Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00262a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00262a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
N,1-Dialkyl-7-(alkylamino)-4-(alkylimino)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamides and Their 4-Oxo Derivatives: Synthesis and Properties (2001)

Methods are described for accessing the little known class of 4-alkyliminoquinoline-3- carboxamide title compounds 4; viz., from 4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids treated successively with thionyl chloride and amine, from 4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic esters treated likewise, and from the hydrogen chloride salt of a 4-alkyliminoquinoline-3-carboxylic ester and amine. Mechanistic aspects of the syntheses are discussed, and some spectroscopic and chemical properties of the title compounds are presented. 
South African Journal of Chemistry Vol.54 2001: 102-117
HIV integrase as a target for antiviral chemotherapy (2002)

One of the three key enzymes encoded by the pol gene of HIV is a M(r) 32 000 protein called HIV integrase. This viral enzyme is involved in the integration of HIV DNA into host chromosomal DNA. There appears to be no functional equivalent of the enzyme in human cells. The biochemical mechanism of integration of HIV DNA into the host cell genome involves a carefully defined sequence of DNA tailoring (3'-processing) and coupling (joining or integration) reactions. In spite of some effort in this area targeted at the discovery of therapeutically useful inhibitors of this viral enzyme, there are no drugs for HIV/AIDS in clinical use where the mechanism of action is inhibition of HIV integrase. Thus, new knowledge on inhibitors of this enzyme is of critical importance in the anti-HIV drug discovery area. The focus of this review will be on several classes of compounds, including nucleotides, dinucleotides, oligonucleotides and miscellaneous small molecules such as heterocyclic systems, natural products, diketo acids and sulfones, that have been discovered as inhibitors of HIV integrase. Special emphasis in the review will be placed on discoveries from my laboratory on HIV integrase inhibitors that are non-natural, nuclease-resistant dinucleotides. Comments on future directions and the prospects for developing integrase inhibitors as therapeutic antiviral agents are discussed.
Ca2+-dependent Inactivation of a Store-operated Ca2+ Current in Human Submandibular Gland Cells (1998)

Stimulation of human submandibular gland cells with carbachol, inositol trisphosphate (IP3), thapsigargin, or tert-butylhydroxyquinone induced an inward current that was sensitive to external Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]e) and was also carried by external Na+ or Ba2+ (in a Ca2+-free medium) with amplitudes in the order Ca2+ > Ba2+ > Na+. All cation currents were blocked by La3+ and Gd3+ but not by Zn2+. The IP3-stimulated current with 10 microM 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and 10 mM 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid in the pipette solution, showed 50% inactivation in <5 min and >5 min with 10 and 1 mM [Ca2+]e, respectively. The Na+ current was not inactivated, whereas the Ba2+ current inactivated at a slower rate. The protein kinase inhibitor, staurosporine, delayed the inactivation and increased the amplitude of the current, whereas the protein Ser/Thr phosphatase inhibitor, calyculin A, reduced the current. Thapsigargin- and tert-butylhydroxyquinone-stimulated Ca2+ currents inactivated faster. Importantly, these agents accelerated the inactivation of the IP3-stimulated current. The data demonstrate that internal Ca2+ store depletion-activated Ca2+ current (ISOC) in this salivary cell line is regulated by a Ca2+-dependent feedback mechanism involving a staurosporine-sensitive protein kinase and the intracellular Ca2+ pump. We suggest that the Ca2+ pump modulates ISOC by regulating [Ca2+]i in the region of Ca2+ influx.
Oral Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Hemodynamic Responses during Emergence from General Anesthesia in Chronically Instrumented Dogs (1991)

This investigation evaluated the hemodynamic effects of orally administered dexmedetomidine in chronically instrumented dogs in the conscious state, during enflurane anesthesia, and after emergence. Four experimental groups (n = 9 each) were completed. In groups 1 and 2, dexmedetomidine (10 or 20 micrograms/kg, respectively) was administered orally, and hemodynamics, arterial blood gas tensions, and plasma norepinephrine concentrations were monitored for 6 h. Animals in groups 3 and 4 were given dexmedetomidine (20 micrograms/kg) or placebo orally, and hemodynamics, arterial blood gas tensions, and plasma norepinephrine concentrations were measured 1 h later with animals in the conscious state, after 30 min of enflurane anesthesia (1.0 MAC), and 2 and 7 min after extubation. Oral administration of dexmedetomidine resulted in sedation with significant decreases in heart rate (76 +/- 4 to 49 +/- 4 beats per min), rate-pressure product (11,500 +/- 650 to 6,100 +/- 600 mmHg. beats per min), cardiac output (2.2 +/- 0.2 to 1.2 +/- 0.4 l/min), and plasma norepinephrine concentrations (290 +/- 50 to 135 pg/ml). Peak effects occurred within 30 min and lasted approximately 3 h. No reduction in coronary blood flow velocity, decrease in regional contractile function, or respiratory depression was observed. Administration of dexmedetomidine before enflurane anesthesia also was associated with a reduction in heart rate and rate-pressure product, and dexmedetomidine prevented the increase in heart rate (146 +/- 9 vs. 60 +/- 7 beats per min) and arterial pressure (117 +/- 7 vs. 98 +/- 7 mmHg) during emergence from anesthesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A stepwise mapping approach for localization and ablation of ectopic right, left, and septal atrial foci using electroanatomic mapping (2002)

Strategic electroanatomic mapping with fast identification of the area of tachycardia origin and high density mapping only of this target area allowed fast and successful localization and ablation of right and left free wall and septal ectopic atrial foci.
Parallel Declines in Pollinators and Insect-Pollinated Plants in Britain and the Netherlands (2006)

Despite widespread concern about declines in pollination services, little is known about the patterns of change in most pollinator assemblages. By studying bee and hoverfly assemblages in Britain and the Netherlands, we found evidence of declines (pre-versus post-1980) in local bee diversity in both countries; however, divergent trends were observed in hoverflies. Depending on the assemblage and location, pollinator declines were most frequent in habitat and flower specialists, in univoltine species, and/or in nonmigrants. In conjunction with this evidence, outcrossing plant species that are reliant on the declining pollinators have themselves declined relative to other plant species. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest a causal connection between local extinctions of functionally linked plant and pollinator species.