gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast optical and process proximity correction algorithms for integrated circuit manufacturing (1998)

Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) is used in lithography to increase the achievable resolution and pattern transfer #delity for IC manufacturing. The fundamental idea behind OPC is to modify the mask itself in order to correct for non-idealities that occur during pattern transfer. OPC has been used in IC manufacturing in some shape or form for many years. In the past and even currently, hand modifications to small sections of the layout were made to improve the aerial image. However the slow speed of existing aerial image simulators prohibits this method from being applied to an entire chip. To circumvent this problem, one approach has been to apply #rule-based techniques&amp;quot; to correct an entire chip. While rule-based schemes are fast and therefore can be applied to a whole layout, they are not as accurate as desired because the corrections are not directly based on simulation. In this thesis, we first look at the OPC problem and define the goals, constraints, and techniques available. Then, a practical and general OPC framework is built up using concepts from linear systems, control theory, and computational geometry. A simulation-based, or model-based, OPC algorithm is developed which simulates the optics and processing steps of lithography for millions of locations. The key contributions to the OPC field made in this thesis work include: (1) formulation of OPC as a feedback control problem using an iterative solution, (2) an algorithm for edge movement during OPC with cost function criteria, (3) use of fast...
Harnessing Buckling to Design Tunable Locally Resonant Acoustic Metamaterials (2014)

We report a new class of tunable and switchable acoustic metamaterials comprising resonating units dispersed into an elastic matrix. Each resonator consists of a metallic core connected to the elastomeric matrix through elastic beams, whose buckling is intentionally exploited as a novel and effective approach to control the propagation of elastic waves. We first use numerical analysis to show the evolution of the locally resonant band gap, fully accounting for the effect of nonlinear pre-deformation. Then, we experimentally measure the transmission of vibrations as a function of the applied loading in a finite-size sample and find excellent agreement with our numerical predictions. The proposed concept expands the ability of existing acoustic metamaterials by enabling tunability over a wide range of frequencies. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in our system the deformation can be exploited to turn on or off the band gap, opening avenues for the design of adaptive switches.
Efficient delivery of small interfering RNA to bone-metastatic tumors by using atelocollagen in vivo (2005)

Silencing of gene expression by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is rapidly becoming a powerful tool for genetic analysis and represents a potential strategy for therapeutic product development. However, there are no reports of systemic delivery for siRNAs toward treatment of bone-metastatic cancer. Accordingly, we report here that i.v. injection of GL3 luciferase siRNA complexed with atelocollagen showed effective reduction of luciferase expression from bone-metastatic prostate tumor cells developed in mouse thorax, jaws, and/or legs. We also show that the siRNA/atelocollagen complex can be efficiently delivered to tumors 24 h after injection and can exist intact at least for 3 days. Furthermore, atelocollagen-mediated systemic administration of siRNAs such as enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and phosphoinositide 3'-hydroxykinase p110-alpha-subunit, which were selected as candidate targets for inhibition of bone metastasis, resulted in an efficient inhibition of metastatic tumor growth in bone tissues. In addition, upregulation of serum IL-12 and IFN-alpha levels was not associated with the in vivo administration of the siRNA/atelocollagen complex. Thus, for treatment of bone metastasis of prostate cancer, an atelocollagen-mediated systemic delivery method could be a reliable and safe approach to the achievement of maximal function of siRNA.
Pressure diffusion waves in porous media (2003)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003Pressure diffusion waves in porous mediaAuthors: Dmitry SilinValeri KorneevGennady GoloshubinDmitry SilinLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Valeri KorneevLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Gennady GoloshubinUniversity of Houstonhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817821 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817821FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByA Macroscopic Analytical Model for Pressure Wave Propagation in the Water of a Variably Saturated Porous Medium1 November 2019 | Vadose Zone Journal, Vol. 18, No. 1Pressure Jumps during Drainage in Macroporous Soils22 December 2017 | Vadose Zone Journal, Vol. 16, No. 13A new model describing the interaction between fluid pressure wave in pores and P-wave in rock matrixGuangquan Li, Pengfei Zhang, and Jingshu Sun15 May 2017 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 82, No. 4Propagation of pore pressure diffusion waves in saturated dual-porosity media (II)Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 119, No. 15Propagation of pore pressure diffusion waves in saturated porous mediaJournal of Applied Physics, Vol. 117, No. 13 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2003 Pages: 2452 publication data© 2003 Copyright © 2003 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Dmitry Silin, Valeri Korneev, and Gennady Goloshubin, (2003), "Pressure diffusion waves in porous media," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 2323-2326. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817821 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Assay of human stem cells by repopulation of NOD&sol;SCID mice (1997)

The only conclusive method to assay stem cells is to follow their ability to repopulate conditioned recipients, making it difficult to study human stem cells. The development of systems to transplant human hematopoietic cells into immune-deficient mice lays the foundation for such an experimental repopulation assay for primitive human cells. Cell purification and gene marking studies have shown that the repopulating cells, termed severe-combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse-repopulating cells (SRC), are primitive and distinct from most of the progenitors that are detected using short and long-term in vitro culture assays. The SRC are exclusively CD34+CD38- and poorly infected with retrovirus vectors. These gene marking data are reminiscent of the human clinical trials establishing that the SRC assay is a good surrogate to develop improved transduction methods. Limiting dilution analysis has been used to establish a quantitative assay for SRC that can be used to precisely determine the effect of various cytokine cocktails on the proliferation and differentiation of SRC during in vitro culture.
Direct Intramuscular Gene Transfer of Naked DNA Encoding Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Augments Collateral Development and Tissue Perfusion (1996)

Ischemic skeletal muscle represents a promising target for gene therapy with naked plasmid DNA. IM transfection of genes encoding angiogenic cytokines, particularly those that are naturally secreted by intact cells, may constitute an alternative treatment strategy for patients with extensive peripheral vascular disease in whom the use of intravascular catheter-based gene transfer is compromised and/or prohibited.
Polarization Dependence of the Optical Absorption of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Anisotropic optical absorption properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are determined from a vertically aligned SWNT film for 0.5-6 eV. Absorption peaks at 4.5 and 5.25 eV are found to exhibit remarkable polarization dependence and have relevance to optical properties of graphite. A method for determining a nematic order parameter for an aligned SWNT film based on the collinear absorption peak at 4.5 eV is presented, followed by the determination of the optical absorption cross section.
PbSe Nanocrystal Network Formation during Pyridine Ligand Displacement (2009)

Solution-phase pyridine treatment displaced oleic acid capping ligands from the surface of PbSe nanocrystals. During ligand displacement the nanostructure morphology dramatically changed from well-stabilized, individual nanocrystals to form crystallographically connected nanocrystal networks. The network morphology was governed by the diameter of the constituent nanocrystals. Larger nanocrystals showed dipolar alignment but maintained individual nanocrystal character, while smaller nanocrystals crystallographically fused along the <100> axis. Optical studies of nanocrystal thin films showed that pyridine ligand displacement quenches the nanocrystal photoluminescence. Blends of nanocrystals and conjugated polymer showed photoluminescence quenching of the polymer with increasing nanocrystal content. The extent of photoluminescence quenching was only weakly dependent on the nanocrystal size or surface chemistry, suggesting that the interaction between nanocrystal and polymer is mostly in the form of energy transfer rather than charge transfer.
mRNA degradation in bacteria (1999)

Messenger RNAs in prokaryotes exhibit short half-lives when compared with eukaryotic mRNAs. Considerable progress has been made during recent years in our understanding of mRNA degradation in bacteria. Two major aspects determine the life span of a messenger in the bacterial cell. On the side of the substrate, the structural features of mRNA have a profound influence on the stability of the molecule. On the other hand, there is the degradative machinery. Progress in the biochemical characterization of proteins involved in mRNA degradation has made clear that RNA degradation is a highly organized cellular process in which several protein components, and not only nucleases, are involved. In Escherichia coli, these proteins are organized in a high molecular mass complex, the degradosome. The key enzyme for initial events in mRNA degradation and for the assembly of the degradosome is endoribonuclease E. We discuss the identified components of the degradosome and its mode of action. Since research in mRNA degradation suffers from dominance of E. coli-related observations we also look to other organisms to ask whether they could possibly follow the E. coli standard model.
현행 醫療法에 있어 인터넷상의 醫療行爲의 許容與否 (2003)

인터넷상의 가상공간 (소위 사이버 공간)은 현대의 우리 정보화시대에 있어 또 하나의 생활공간으로 그 위치를 이미 차지하고 있는 시점에 있어서 이러한 영역에 인간의 생명을 보전하고 연장할 수 있는 의료행위의 도입과 실용은 상당한 의미를 가진다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 국내에서는 아직 여기에 관한 심도깊은 논의가 있지 않고 있다. 게다가 보건복지부와...
MADS: A new and improved method for analysis of differential alternative splicing by exon-tiling microarrays (2008)

We describe a method, microarray analysis of differential splicing (MADS), for discovery of differential alternative splicing from exon-tiling microarray data. MADS incorporates a series of low-level analysis algorithms motivated by the "probe-rich" design of exon arrays, including background correction, iterative probe selection, and removal of sequence-specific cross-hybridization to off-target transcripts. We used MADS to analyze Affymetrix Exon 1.0 array data on a mouse neuroblastoma cell line after shRNA-mediated knockdown of the splicing factor polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB). From a list of exons with predetermined inclusion/exclusion profiles in response to PTB depletion, MADS recognized all exons known to have large changes in transcript inclusion levels and offered improvement over Affymetrix's analysis procedure. We also identified numerous novel PTB-dependent splicing events. Thirty novel events were tested by RT-PCR and 27 were confirmed. This work demonstrates that the exon-tiling microarray design is an efficient and powerful approach for global, unbiased analysis of pre-mRNA splicing.
Dynamic Distribution of Growth Rates within the Ensembles of Colloidal II−VI and III−V Semiconductor Nanocrystals as a Factor Governing Their Photoluminescence Efficiency (2002)

The distribution of properties within ensembles of colloidally grown II-VI and III-V semiconductor nanocrystals was studied. A drastic difference in the photoluminescence efficiencies of size-selected fractions was observed for both organometallically prepared CdSe and InAs colloids and for CdTe nanocrystals synthesized in aqueous medium, indicating a general character of the phenomenon observed. The difference in the photoluminescence efficiencies is attributed to different averaged surface disorder of the nanocrystals originating from the Ostwald ripening growth mechanism when larger particles in the ensemble grow at the expense of dissolving smaller particles. At any stage of growth, only a fraction of particles within the ensemble of growing colloidal nanocrystals has the most perfect surface and, thus, shows the most efficient photoluminescence. This is explained by a theoretical model describing the evolution of an ensemble of nanocrystals in a colloidal solution. In an ensemble of growing nanocrystals, the fraction of particles with the highest photoluminescence corresponds to the particle size having nearly zero average growth rate. The small average growth rate leads to the lowest possible degree of surface disorder at any given reaction conditions.
Carbohydrate Modfied Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins (1986)

Abstract For adhesive self-sufficiency, the wood industry needs new adhesive systems in which all or part of the petroleum-derived phenolic component is replaced by a renewable material without sacrificing high durability or ease of bonding. We tested the bonding of wood veneers, using phenolic resins in which part of the phenol-formaldehyde was replaced with carbohydrates. Our experiments show that the addition of non-reducing carbohydrates and various polyols to phenol-formaldehyde resol-resins does not adversely affect the dry- or wet-shear strength of 2-ply Douglas-fir panels bonded with the modified resins. Reducing carbohydrates, however, cannot be used as the modifier. In general, addition of about 0.6–1.0 mole of modifier per mole of phenol is optimal in the formulation of carbohydrate-or polyol-modified resin. Preliminary results show that part but not all of the modifier is chemically bound into the resin, apparently through an ether linkage. The water prehydrolysate of southern red oak wood, when reduced with sodium borohydride to convert the reducing sugars to alditols, can be used to modify phenol-formaldehyde resins. This use of wood prehydrolysates can be economically beneficial to processes producing alcohol and chemicals from wood as well as to the wood industry and consumers of bonded wood products.
SUMO Modification of STAT1 and Its Role in PIAS-mediated Inhibition of Gene Activation (2003)

The PIAS (protein inhibitors of activated STAT) family of proteins were first discovered as inhibitors of activated signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). More recently these proteins have been shown to function as E3 ligases that promote the SUMO modification of a number of transcription regulators. We have investigated the relationship between the effects of PIAS proteins on STAT1 transcriptional activity and the ability of the PIAS proteins to function as SUMO E3 ligases. We demonstrate that STAT1 is a substrate for SUMO modification and that PIASx-alpha, but not PIAS1, functions as an E3 ligase to promote STAT1 modification. In addition, we have mapped the major site for SUMO modification on STAT1 to lysine 703. This lysine residue is in close proximity to the regulatory tyrosine residue at position 701, whose phosphorylation mediates STAT1 activation in response to cytokine signaling. Mutation of lysine 703 to arginine abolishes SUMO modification of STAT1 both in vitro and in vivo. However, this mutation does not affect the activation of STAT1 or the ability of either PIAS1 or PIASx-alpha to function as an inhibitor of STAT1-mediated transcription activation. Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of STAT1 by PIAS proteins does not require SUMO modification of STAT1 itself. SUMO modification of STAT1 may nonetheless be functionally important given the close proximity between the SUMO modification site and tyrosine 701.
Immunohistochemistry and biochemistry in detection of androgen, progesterone, and estrogen receptors in benign and malignant human prostatic tissue (1992)

The relative distribution of androgen (AR), progesterone (PR), and estrogen receptors (ER) was localized and estimated in human prostate tissue by immunohistochemistry in five normal tissue samples, in eight benign hyperplastic (BPH) samples, in nine primary cancers, and in seven prostate cancer metastases. Moreover, three prostatic cancer cell lines (LNCaP, DU 145, and PC 3) were analyzed. A comparison between the results obtained by radioligand binding assays and immunohistochemistry was performed for the AR and PR. Using immunohistochemistry, the AR was exclusively detected in the nuclei of both benign and malignant prostatic epithelial cells. The highest proportion of AR-positive cells was found in BPH and in prostate cancer metastases as compared with normal prostatic tissue. In a majority of the cases, the PR was only present in the nuclei of stromal cells. Benign hyperplastic prostates contained higher proportions of PR-positive cells as compared with primary carcinoma. PR was sparse in epithelial cells. ER-positive stromal cell nuclei were only detected in carcinomatous prostates. A few ER-positive epithelial cell nuclei were found in one sample each of a BPH and normal prostate. All cells from the androgen-dependent, LNCaP, cell line and a majority of the cells from the androgen-independent, DU 145, cell line were AR-positive. In contrast, the cells from the androgen-independent, PC 3, cell line were all AR-negative. All three cell lines were PR- and ER-negative. The radioligand binding technique detected the AR in extracts from both the cytosol and the nucleus. Again BPH contained higher amounts of AR as compared with normal prostatic tissue. The LNCaP cells contained high amounts of cytosolic AR while cells from the DU 145 and PC 3 cell lines lacked detectable AR as estimated by biochemical techniques. There seemed to be a discrepancy between biochemically measured and immunohistochemically estimated receptor content.
Chemical transformations of cis-W(CO)4(C5H5N)2 in the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene (2004)

The six-coordinate W 0 complex cis-W(CO) 4 (C 5 H 5 N) 2 has been found to be active in the in situ formation of a carbene species from norbornene, which generates a typical ring-opening metathesis product (ROMP). A proposed mechanism of initiation suggests that the reaction involves a 2,3-hydrogen shift in the coordinated norbornene (η 2 → η 1 ). The initiating carbenoid group is identified from the products of the spontaneous carbeneCO coupling and Wittig reactions test. Formation of W(CO) 3 (η 6 -C 6 H 5 CH 3 ) when toluene is the solvent, followed by reaction with the carbene, is blamed for catalyst deactivation.Key words: bis-pyridine-tetracarbonyl-tungsten, ROMP, olefin metathesis, norbornene.
Modeling and Control of a Hybrid Continuum Active Catheter for Aortic Aneurysm Treatment (2006)

Endovascular aortic aneurysm treatment is a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) which requires high dexterity for stentgraft placement. This procedure requires technological improvements. For this purpose we have developed a new tool called MALICA (Multi Active LInk CAtheter). MALICA is an active catheter with a multi continuum micro-robots stack inside its external sheath. In this paper we present a new direct static model formulation of MALICA along with an orientation control scheme using the redundancy property of this robot.
Renal Sympathetic-Nerve Ablation for Uncontrolled Hypertension (2009)

evidence of the efficacy of bevacizumab in patients with HHT. Both cases also show that symptoms and transfusion requirements improve with this therapy, without an appreciable change in arteriovenous malformations. Like Oosting et al., we found no difference in the size of our patient's pulmonary arteriovenous malformations on CT before and after bevacizumab. Their experience demonstrates the long-term safety and tolerability of bevacizumab in such patients. Our patient continues to report symptomatic benefit more than a year after completing therapy, and he has required only one intravenous infusion of iron during this time. His hemoglobin levels have remained stable at 14 to 15 g per deciliter. The cost of our patient's regimen (a total of 30 mg per kilogram over four cycles) would be approximately $12,000 today. The costs of continuing the drug in the long term, especially without a Food and Drug Administration-approved indication, would be prohibitive. Our case shows that intermittent dosing allows for long-term, symptomatic improvement and stability of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
Synthesis of deuterium‐labelled etorphine and dihydroetorphine (2007)

Abstract The synthesis of deuterium‐labelled [ 2 H 6 ]‐etorphine and [ 2 H 6 ]‐dihydroetorphine from codeine is described. The isotopically labelled compounds are used as internal standards in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) assays. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Energy Balance, Myostatin, and GILZ: Factors Regulating Adipocyte Differentiation in Belly and Bone (2007)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor subfamily of transcription factors. PPARs are expressed in key target tissues such as liver, fat, and muscle and thus they play a major role in the regulation of energy balance. Because of PPAR-gamma's role in energy balance, signals originating from the gut (e.g., GIP), fat (e.g., leptin), muscle (e.g., myostatin), or bone (e.g., GILZ) can in turn modulate PPAR expression and/or function. Of the two PPAR-gamma isoforms, PPAR-gamma2 is the key regulator of adipogenesis and also plays a role in bone development. Activation of this receptor favors adipocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, while inhibition of PPAR-gamma2 expression shifts the commitment towards the osteoblastogenic pathway. Clinically, activation of this receptor by antidiabetic agents of the thiazolidinedione class results in lower bone mass and increased fracture rates. We propose that inhibition of PPAR-gamma2 expression in mesenchymal stem cells by use of some of the hormones/factors mentioned above may be a useful therapeutic strategy to favor bone formation.
Allergic Response to a Porcine Collagen Corneal Shield (1988)

To the Editor. —To my knowledge, this is the first report of an allergic response to a porcine collagen corneal shield (Bio-Cor, Bausch & Lomb). Report of a Case. —A 93-year-old woman underwent extracapsular cataract extraction and placement of a posterior chamber intraocular lens and inferior punctal occlusion by cautery without complication. Postoperatively, mild anterior basement membrane changes became activated and progressive, and the patient also developed a punctate epithelial keratopathy of the inferior half of the cornea. This was presumed to be due to the stress of surgery and ocular reaction to preservatives in the therapeutic eyedrops. Ocular lubricants without preservatives were extensively applied. The patient did not respond to this therapy and a porcine collagen corneal shield was applied. The eye was patched for 24 hours. The patient returned in 72 hours with a bright red hyperemic eye, total punctate epithelial keratopathy, and red, inflamed, exfoliated lids. Treatment