gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Rejuvenator's Effectiveness with Conventional Mix Testing for 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixtures (2013)

This paper presents research evaluating the effectiveness of rejuvenators for production of very high (40% to 100%) reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content mixtures. Nine differently originated softening agents were tested; these included plant oils, waste-derived oils, engineered products, and traditional and nontraditional refinery base oils. Two different dosages of the agents were added to binder extracted from RAP to evaluate their softening potential through testing of kinematic viscosity and penetration at two different temperatures. At 25°C the softening efficiency varied by a factor of 12 between the most and least effective rejuvenators. Consistency results at different temperatures were used to express temperature susceptibility by means of penetration index (PI), penetration–viscosity number, and bitumen test data chart of the softened binders. The PI results varied measurably depending on the rejuvenator and supported the low-temperature mixture test results, showing that PI may be a good and simple measure of rejuvenation effectiveness. Low-temperature mixture embrittlement was evaluated at 210°C through determination of the indirect tensile strength and creep compliance for rejuvenated 100% RAP mixture samples. It can be concluded that four of the nine tested rejuvenators reduced extracted binder consistency to the necessary level and reduced susceptibility of RAP mixtures to low-temperature embrittlement. Of the four, two engineered products tested had notably different performance but neither was superior to similar generic oils.
Discovery and Characterization of a Novel, Widely Expressed Metalloprotease, ADAMTS10, and Its Proteolytic Activation (2004)

We describe the discovery and characterization of ADAMTS10, a novel metalloprotease encoded by a locus on human chromosome 19 and mouse chromosome 17. ADAMTS10 has the typical modular organization of the ADAMTS family, with five thrombospondin type 1 repeats and a cysteine-rich PLAC (protease and lacunin) domain at the carboxyl terminus. Its domain organization and primary structure is similar to a novel long form of ADAMTS6. In contrast to many ADAMTS proteases, ADAMTS10 is widely expressed in adult tissues and throughout mouse embryo development. In situ hybridization analysis showed widespread expression of Adamts10 in the mouse embryo until 12.5 days of gestation, after which it is then expressed in a more restricted fashion, with especially strong expression in developing lung, bone, and craniofacial region. Mesenchymal, not epithelial, expression in the developing lung, kidney, gonad, salivary gland, and gastrointestinal tract is a consistent feature of Adamts10 regulation. N-terminal sequencing and treatment with decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethylketone indicate that the ADAMTS10 zymogen is processed by a subtilisin-like proprotein convertase at two sites (Arg64/Gly and Arg233/Ser). The widespread expression of ADAMTS10 suggests that furin, a ubiquitously expressed proprotein convertase, is the likely processing enzyme. ADAMTS10 expressed in HEK293F and COS-1 cells is N-glycosylated and is secreted into the medium, as well as sequestered at the cell surface and extracellular matrix, as demonstrated by cell surface biotinylation and immunolocalization in nonpermeabilized cells. ADAMTS10 is a functional metalloprotease as demonstrated by cleavage of alpha2-macroglobulin, although physiological substrates are presently unknown.
Novel Humanized and Highly Efficient Bispecific Antibodies Mediate Killing of Prostate Stem Cell Antigen-Expressing Tumor Cells by CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells (2012)

Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous malignancy in men. The prostate stem cell Ag (PSCA) is a promising target for immunotherapy of advanced disease. Based on a novel mAb directed to PSCA, we established and compared a series of murine and humanized anti-CD3-anti-PSCA single-chain bispecific Abs. Their capability to redirect T cells for killing of tumor cells was analyzed. During these studies, we identified a novel bispecific humanized Ab that efficiently retargets T cells to tumor cells in a strictly Ag-dependent manner and at femtomolar concentrations. T cell activation, cytokine release, and lysis of target cells depend on a cross-linkage of redirected T cells with tumor cells, whereas binding of the anti-CD3 domain alone does not lead to an activation or cytokine release. Interestingly, both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are activated in parallel and can efficiently mediate the lysis of tumor cells. However, the onset of killing via CD4+ T cells is delayed. Furthermore, redirecting T cells via the novel humanized bispecific Abs results in a delay of tumor growth in xenografted nude mice.
Quantification of the spatial distribution of rectally applied surrogates for microbicide and semen in colon with SPECT and magnetic resonance imaging (2012)

Rectal microbicide surrogates migrated retrograde during the 24 h following dosing. Spatial kinetic parameters estimated using three dimensional curve fitting of distribution data should prove useful for evaluating rectal formulations of drugs for HIV prevention and other indications.
Selective increase in specific alternative splice variants of tyrosinase in murine melanomas: A projected basis for immunotherapy (1997)

Melanomas tend to become less pigmented in the course of malignant progression. Thus, as proliferation increases, the tumors are decreasingly characterized by the tissue-specific phenotype of normally differentiated melanocytes. To learn whether the decline in melanization is associated with a shift from constitutive to alternative splicing of some pigment gene pre-mRNAs, melanomas were collected from Tyr-SV40E transgenic mice of the standard C57BL/6 strain. The mRNAs of the tyrosinase gene, which has a key role in melanogenesis, were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR in 34 samples from 16 cutaneous tumors and 9 metastases. The cutaneous tumors included some cases with distinct melanotic and amelanotic zones, which were separately analyzed. All tyrosinase transcripts found in the melanomas were also found in normal skin melanocytes. However, the Delta1b and Delta1d alternatively spliced transcripts, due to deletions within the first exon, were specifically augmented in most of the tumors over their very low levels in skin; the exceptions were some all-amelanotic tumors in which no tyrosinase transcripts were detected. The level of Delta1b rose as high as 11.3% of total tyrosinase mRNAs as compared with 0.6% in skin; Delta1d reached 4.0% as compared with 0. 8% in skin. Expression of these splice variants was highest in the melanotic components of zonal primary tumors, relatively lower in their amelanotic components, and still lower in all-amelanotic primary tumors and amelanotic metastases. The increase in Delta1b and Delta1d transcripts may be predicted to increase the levels of unusual peptides, which could have antigenic potential in the tumors, especially in the relatively early phases of malignancy. Analyses of the alternative transcripts of other pigment genes may identify additional candidate antigens, ultimately enabling melanoma cells in all phases of the disease to be represented as a basis for immune intervention.
Coexamination of Site-Specific Transcription Factor Binding and Promoter Activity in Living Cells (1999)

Previously, we have used a chromatin cross-linking and immunoprecipitation protocol for the analysis of Myc and USF binding to the cad promoter. The adaptation of this technique for the study of mammalian transcription factors was a big step forward in the analysis of transcription factor family member specificity, allowing for the first time a definitive knowledge of which factor binds to a promoter region under normal physiological conditions. However, due to limitations of the assay, our previous studies could not definitively prove that both Myc and USF bound to the exact same site on the cad promoter, nor could we directly correlate loss of in vivo binding of a particular factor with loss of transcriptional activity. Therefore, we have further modified the chromatin immunoprecipitation protocol to alleviate these problems. We have now shown that it is possible to coexamine growth-regulated transcriptional activity and promoter occupancy by using stably integrated promoter constructs. We show that both Myc and USF bind to the exact same E box on the cad promoter, suggesting that competition between these two factors for a single site occurs in living cells. We also find that cad promoter constructs that retain USF binding but lose Myc binding in vivo no longer display an increase in transcriptional activity in mid- to late G(1) phase of the cell cycle. Finally, we propose that cell cycle-regulated transcriptional activation of the cad promoter may be a stochastic, rather than a predetermined, process.
Fundamental correlation lengths of coherent speckle in medical ultrasonic images (1988)

Refinements to previous analyses of the natural correlation lengths within simple images and between images to be compounded are presented. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results show very good agreement for the case of Rayleigh scattering media: the correlation length within a simple image is comparable to the resolution cell size; the correlation length between images to be spatially compounded is comparable to, but smaller than, the transducer on array aperture; and the correlation length between images to be frequency-compounded becomes a frequency comparable to their bandwidth. Complications arising from the presence of specular scattering or due to the presence of just a few scatterers are considered. It is shown that straightforward solutions exist for either of these problems taken by itself. When they occur in combination, calibration techniques may lead to unambiguous identification of the contributions to the scattering from diffuse or incoherent scattering and from specular or coherent scattering, and to estimation of the density of diffuse scatterers.
Automaton-guided controller synthesis for nonlinear systems with temporal logic (2013)

We develop a method for the control of discrete-time nonlinear systems subject to temporal logic specifications. Our approach uses a coarse abstraction of the system and an automaton representing the temporal logic specification to guide the search for a feasible trajectory. This decomposes the search for a feasible trajectory into a series of constrained reachability problems. Thus, one can create controllers for any system for which techniques exist to compute (approximate) solutions to constrained reachability problems. Representative techniques include sampling-based methods for motion planning, reachable set computations for linear systems, and graph search for finite discrete systems. Our approach avoids the expensive computation of a discrete abstraction, and its implementation is amenable to parallel computing. We demonstrate our approach with numerical experiments on temporal logic motion planning problems with high-dimensional (10+ states) continuous systems.
A 90GHz 65nm CMOS Injection-Locked Frequency Divider (2007)

Two injection-locked 2:1 frequency dividers for automotive radar applications achieve locking ranges from 82 to 94.1 GHz and from 34.3 to 42.1 GHz and consume 4mW and 8.4mW, respectively. The cascade of the two dividers can be locked from 79.7 to 81.6GHz. The 1mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chip is implemented in a 65nm CMOS process.
Characterization of a fiber-optic shape and position sensor (2006)

We report the results of a study of the performance characteristics of a distributed fiber-optic shape and position sensor. Strain measurements from distributed fiber Bragg gratings in a multi-core optical fiber multiplexed via the frequency domain reflectometry technique are used to deduce the shape of the optical fiber. We have measured a range of two- and three-dimensional shapes using a multi-core fiber with a sensor spacing of 1.0 cm and a gage length of 0.5 cm and have reported the accuracy and precision of these measurements. A discussion of error sources is also included.
Production of Monoclonal Antibodies (1992)

Abstract This unit describes the production of monoclonal antibodies beginning with immunization and cell fusion and selection. Support protocols are provided for screening primary hybridoma supernatants for antibodies of desired specificity, establishment of stable hybridoma lines, cloning of these B cell lines by limiting dilution to obtain monoclonal lines, and preparation of cloning/expansion medium (thymocyte‐conditioned medium).
Optimizing Demand-Side Bids in Day-Ahead Electricity Markets (2006)

We present a model of a purchaser of electricity in Norway, bidding into a wholesale electricity pool market that operates a day ahead of dispatch. The purchaser must arrange purchase for an uncertain demand that occurs the following day. Deviations from the day-ahead purchase are bought in a secondary market at a price that differs from the day-ahead price by virtue of regulating offers submitted by generators. Under an assumption that arbitrageurs are absent in these markets, we study conditions under which the purchaser should bid their expected demand and examine the two-period game played between a single generator and purchaser in the presence of a competitive fringe. In all our models, it is found that purchasers have an incentive to underbid their expected demand, and so the day-ahead prices will be below expected real-time prices. We also derive conditions on the optimal demand curve that purchasers should bid if the behavior of the other participants is unknown but can be modeled by a market distribution function.
The renin receptor: the facts, the promise and the hope (2003)

This receptor provides a functional role for prorenin and may help to understand the physiological and pathological role of elevated levels of prorenin and of local activation of the renin-angiotensin system. From a practical point of view, it questions the need for a pharmacological compound blocking (pro)renin binding and activity as an alternative to the classical inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system.
A phase II trial of the multitargeted kinase inhibitor E7080 in advanced radioiodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). (2011)

5503 Background: E7080 is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR1-3, FGFR1-4, RET, KIT and PDGFRβ. In phase I studies of E7080 partial responses (PR) were observed in thyroid as well as melanoma, endometrial, and renal cancers. Methods: Between Oct 2, 2008 and Feb 5, 2010, patients (pts) with advanced, RAI-refractory DTC (papillary, follicular or Hurthle Cell) and disease progression demonstrated by RECIST during the prior 12 months were enrolled. Pts may have received prior VEGFR targeted therapy. Pts were treated with a starting dose of E7080 24 mg once daily in 28 day cycles until disease progression or development of unmanageable toxicities. Primary end point was Response Rate (RR) by RECIST. Results: 58 pts were enrolled (med age: 62; M:59%, F:41%) and are evaluable for response. 35% of pts required dose reduction for management of toxicity, and 23% were withdrawn from therapy due to toxicity. The most common adverse events were hypertension 64% (Gr 3: 4%), fatigue 55% (Gr3: 7%), diarrhea 45% (Gr3: 5%), decreased appetite 44% (Gr3: 2%), weight loss 43% (Gr3: 4%), and proteinuria 39% (Gr3: 7%). 5 pts (8.6%) experienced Gr 4 events. Confirmed PRs were observed in 29 pts (RR: 50%, 95% CI: 37-63) based on investigator assessment. 65% of responses were identified at first on-therapy imaging at ~8 wks. For pts who received prior VEGFR-directed treatment (n=17) RR=41%; with no prior VEGFR-directed treatment (n=41) RR=54%. Median PFS is 12.6 mo (95% CI: 10.4-14.1) (based on minimum 8 mo. f/u, with only 34% events observed). Updated PFS will be reported. Conclusions: E7080 administered orally at a dose of 24 mg once daily to patients with RAI refractory DTC is associated with manageable toxicity and a RR of 50%, identifying E7080 as a promising new potential therapeutic agent for treating patients affected with this disease which has very limited therapeutic options at present.
Dynamics of CO2-Plasticized Electron Transport in Au Nanoparticle Films:  Opposing Effects of Tunneling Distance and Local Site Mobility (2007)

The electron-transport properties of unlinked and linked solid-state films of very small “Au38” nanoparticles (monolayer protected clusters, or MPCs) remarkably change in opposing directions upon contact with increasing pressures of CO2 gas (0∼6.6 MPa). Electronic conductivities (σEL) of dropcast, unlinked Au MPC films increase up to 31-fold with increasing CO2 pressure, while σEL of dithiol-linked Au MPC films decreases with increasing CO2 pressure. In conductivity by electron hopping between electron donor and acceptor Au MPC cores, the organic protecting ligands serve as a solvent shell whose properties influence the dynamics of electron transport. Exposure of Au MPC films to CO2 and consequent swelling by CO2 (or organic vapor) sorption into the monolayers changes two key factors: core edge-to-edge electron tunneling distances (dHOP) and a previously underappreciated effect of dimension and/or frequency of local core thermal motions. Swelling induces increases in both, but depending on which factor is dominant, the net σEL can increase or decrease. In unlinked films under increasing CO2 pressure, increased thermal motions of Au MPC cores and their monolayers enhance electron-hopping rates more than swelling-induced increases in dHOP decrease them. The net effect is increasing σEL (i.e., increased local mobility negates increased average tunneling distances). In contrast, in dithiol-linked films local thermal motions are constrained by the dithiol linker between Au MPC cores, leaving CO2 sorption-induced swelling and increase in dHOP as the more dominant factor; σEL now decreases with increasing CO2 pressure.
Expression of the Platelet Receptor GPVI Confers Signaling via the Fc Receptor γ-Chain in Response to the Snake Venom Convulxin but Not to Collagen (2001)

The mechanism of signal transduction underlying the activation of platelets by collagen has been actively investigated for over 30 years, but the receptors involved remain incompletely understood. Studies of human platelets, which are unresponsive to collagen, mouse knockout models, and platelet biochemical studies support the hypothesis that the recently cloned platelet surface protein GPVI functions as a signaling receptor for collagen. To directly test this hypothesis, we have expressed wild-type and mutant forms of GPVI in RBL-2H3 cells, which express the Fcepsilon receptor gamma-chain (Fc Rgamma), the putative signaling co-receptor for GPVI in platelets, but lack GPVI itself. Expression of GPVI in RBL-2H3 cells confers strong adhesive and signaling responses to convulxin (a snake venom protein that directly binds GPVI) and weak responsiveness to collagen-related peptide but no responsiveness to collagen. To elucidate the mechanism of GPVI intracellular signaling, mutations were introduced in the receptor's transmembrane domain and C-terminal tail. Unlike reported studies of other Fc Rgamma partners, these studies reveal that both the GPVI transmembrane arginine and intracellular C-tail are necessary for coupling to Fc Rgamma and for signal transduction. To our knowledge, these studies are the first to demonstrate a direct signaling role for GPVI and the first to directly test the role of GPVI as a collagen receptor. Our results suggest that GPVI may be necessary but not sufficient for collagen signaling and that a distinct ligand-binding collagen receptor such as the alpha(2)beta(1) integrin is likely to play a necessary role for collagen signaling as well as adhesion in platelets.
Effects of a -blocker on the cardiovascular response to MDMA (Ecstasy) (2010)

The results of this study indicate that beta-blockers may prevent increases in heart rate but not hypertensive and adverse effects of MDMA.
Towards optogenetic sensory replacement (2011)

Over the last several years we have developed a rapidly-expanding suite of genetically-encoded reagents (e.g., ChR2, Halo, Arch, Mac, and others) that, when expressed in specific neuron types in the nervous system, enable their activities to be powerfully and precisely activated and silenced in response to light. If the genes that encode for these reagents can be delivered to cells in the body using gene therapy methods, and if the resultant protein payloads operate safely and effectively over therapeutically important periods of time, these molecules could subserve a set of precise prosthetics that use light as the trigger of information entry into the nervous system, e.g. for sensory replacement. Here we discuss the use of ChR2 to make the photoreceptor-deprived retina, as found in diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, sensitive to light, enabling restoration of functional vision in a mouse model of blindness. We also discuss arrays of light sources that could be useful for delivering patterned sensory information into the nervous system.
Elite Conflict in the Post-Mao China (1981)

Almost five years have elapsed since the demise of Chairman Mao Zedong in September 1976. In spite of his physical absence, however, the late chairman continues to cast a long and powerful shadow over China's political landscape. No matter how the post-Mao leaders choose to treat Mao's memory, the Maoist legacy (which includes not only his ideological corpus but also the consequences of many of his actions and policies) has structured and will continue for years to structure the policy alternatives of his successors and affect the parameters within which they solve China's problem. Indeed, one most crucial and thorny issue of contention inside the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in recent years has been: how to evaluate Mao's role in history and his legacy. To affirm or negate Mao is By no means an idle intellectual exercise-it makes or breaks political careers and directly impinges on policy.
Immunotherapy in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Ushering Chemotherapy Through the Checkpoint Inhibitors? (2018)

New ways of exploiting the immune system for cancer treatment have been tested for decades with moderate outcomes. Based on previous immunotherapy knowledge, agents targeting immune checkpoints seem to be remarkably effective in a wide range of tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) provide longlasting responses in specific patients. Nevertheless, with overall response rates ≤ 20%, combinational protocols for various patient subgroups are needed. A good partner treatment to immunotherapy could be chemotherapy, as it successfully modulates the immune response either by controlling or enhancing the antitumor immune activity. Primary research provides promising results in metastatic NSCLC patients using this approach, but further large-scale trials are needed. The implementation of immunotherapy in nonmetastatic cases is also appealing. We review the potential clinical benefits of immunotherapy alone or in concert with chemotherapy in NSCLC.
Experimental demonstration of a passive optical subscriber loop architecture (1988)

We report the experimental demonstration of a new passive optical subscriber loop architecture employing 20 channel WDM with 2 nm channel spacings. The experiment includes the demonstration of LED transmission in a dense, multiwavelength single-mode fibre network. The experiment also features simultaneous, bidirectional transmission with both LEDs (384 kb/s) and DFB lasers (up to 1.2 Gb/s).