gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monocular Vision SLAM for Indoor Aerial Vehicles (2013)

This paper presents a novel indoor navigation and ranging strategy via monocular camera. By exploiting the architectural orthogonality of the indoor environments, we introduce a new method to estimate range and vehicle states from a monocular camera for vision-based SLAM. The navigation strategy assumes an indoor or indoor-like manmade environment whose layout is previously unknown, GPS-denied, representable via energy based feature points, and straight architectural lines. We experimentally validate the proposed algorithms on a fully self-contained microaerial vehicle (MAV) with sophisticated on-board image processing and SLAM capabilities. Building and enabling such a small aerial vehicle to fly in tight corridors is a significant technological challenge, especially in the absence of GPS signals and with limited sensing options. Experimental results show that the system is only limited by the capabilities of the camera and environmental entropy.
Migalastat Tissue Distribution: Extrapolation From Mice to Humans Using Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Comparison With Agalsidase Beta Tissue Distribution in Mice (2021)

Approved therapies for Fabry disease (FD) include migalastat, an oral pharmacological chaperone, and agalsidase beta and agalsidase alfa, 2 forms of enzyme replacement therapy. Broad tissue distribution may be beneficial for clinical efficacy in FD, which has severe manifestations in multiple organs. Here, migalastat and agalsidase beta biodistribution were assessed in mice and modeled using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) analysis, and migalastat biodistribution was subsequently extrapolated to humans. In mice, migalastat concentration was highest in kidneys and the small intestine, 2 FD-relevant organs. Agalsidase beta was predominantly sequestered in the liver and spleen (organs unaffected in FD). PBPK modeling predicted that migalastat 123 mg every other day resulted in concentrations exceeding the in vitro half-maximal effective concentration in kidneys, small intestine, skin, heart, and liver in human subjects. However, extrapolation of mouse agalsidase beta concentrations to humans was unsuccessful. In conclusion, migalastat may distribute to tissues that are inaccessible to intravenous agalsidase beta in mice, and extrapolation of mouse migalastat concentrations to humans showed adequate tissue penetration, particularly in FD-relevant organs.
Sand Fly Salivary Proteins Induce Strong Cellular Immunity in a Natural Reservoir of Visceral Leishmaniasis with Adverse Consequences for Leishmania (2009)

Immunity to a sand fly salivary protein protects against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in hamsters. This protection was associated with the development of cellular immunity in the form of a delayed-type hypersensitivity response and the presence of IFN-gamma at the site of sand fly bites. To date, there are no data available regarding the cellular immune response to sand fly saliva in dogs, the main reservoirs of VL in Latin America, and its role in protection from this fatal disease. Two of 35 salivary proteins from the vector sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, identified using a novel approach termed reverse antigen screening, elicited strong cellular immunity in dogs. Immunization with either molecule induced high IgG(2) antibody levels and significant IFN-gamma production following in vitro stimulation of PBMC with salivary gland homogenate (SGH). Upon challenge with uninfected or infected flies, immunized dogs developed a cellular response at the bite site characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and IFN-gamma and IL-12 expression. Additionally, SGH-stimulated lymphocytes from immunized dogs efficiently killed Leishmania infantum chagasi within autologous macrophages. Certain sand fly salivary proteins are potent immunogens obligatorily co-deposited with Leishmania parasites during transmission. Their inclusion in an anti-Leishmania vaccine would exploit anti-saliva immunity following an infective sand fly bite and set the stage for a protective anti-Leishmania immune response.
Gene expression profiling of low-grade diffuse astrocytomas by cDNA arrays. (2000)

Diffuse astrocytoma WHO grade II is a well-differentiated, slowly growing tumor that has an inherent tendency to progress to anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III) and, eventually, to glioblastoma (WHO grade IV). Little is known about its molecular basis, except for p53 mutations that are found in >60% of cases. In a search for additional genetic alterations, we carried out gene expression profiling of 11 diffuse astrocytomas using cDNA expression arrays. Expression of six genes (TIMP3, c-myc, EGFR, DR-nm23, nm23-H4, and GDNPF) was detected in 64-100% of diffuse astrocytomas, but not in nontumorous brain tissue. Seven genes (AAD14, SPARC, LRP, PDGFR-alpha, 60S ribosomal protein L5, PTN, and hBAP) were found to be up-regulated more than 2-fold in 20-60% of cases, whereas 11 genes (IFI 9-27, protein kinase CLK, TDGF1, BIN1, GAB1, TYRO3, LDH-A, adducin 3, GUK1, CDC10, and KRT8) were down-regulated to less than 50% of normal levels in 64-100% of cases. Semiquantitative conventional reverse transcription-PCR was performed for 11 genes, 9 of which showed an expression profile similar to that obtained with cDNA expression arrays. Immunohistochemical staining for SPARC showed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of neoplastic cells in all diffuse astrocytomas analyzed. These results indicate significant changes in gene expression in diffuse astrocytomas, but it remains to be shown which of these are causally related to the transformation of glial cells.
Fast fault-tolerant concurrent access to shared objects (2002)

The authors consider a synchronous model of distributed computation in which n nodes communicate via point-to-point messages, subject to the following constraints: (i) in a single "step", a node can only send or receive O(logn) words, and (ii) communication is unreliable in that a constant fraction of all messages are lost at each step due to node and/or link failures. They design and analyze a simple local protocol for providing fast concurrent access to shared objects in this faulty network environment. In the protocol, clients use a hashing-based method to access shared objects. When a large number of clients attempt to read a given object at the same time, the object is rapidly replicated to an appropriate number of servers. Once the necessary level of replication has been achieved, each remaining request for the object is serviced within O(1) expected steps. The protocol has practical potential for supporting high levels of concurrency in distributed file systems over wide area networks.
Quantum computing with atomic qubits and Rydberg interactions: progress and challenges (2016)

We present a review of quantum computation with neutral atom qubits. After an overview of architectural options and approaches to preparing large qubit arrays we examine Rydberg mediated gate protocols and fidelity for two- and multi-qubit interactions. Quantum simulation and Rydberg dressing are alternatives to circuit based quantum computing for exploring many body quantum dynamics. We review the properties of the dressing interaction and provide a quantitative figure of merit for the complexity of the coherent dynamics that can be accessed with dressing. We conclude with a summary of the current status and an outlook for future progress.
Clusterin: a protective mediator for ischemic cardiomyocytes? (2005)

We examined the relationship between clusterin and activated complement in human heart infarction and evaluated the effect of this protein on ischemic rat neonatal cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) and isolated adult ventricular rat cardiomyocytes as in vitro models of acute myocardial infarction. Clusterin protects cells by inhibiting complement and colocalizes with complement on jeopardized human cardiomyocytes after infarction. The distribution of clusterin and complement factor C3d was evaluated in the infarcted human heart. We also analyzed the protein expression of clusterin in ischemic H9c2 cells. The binding of endogenous and purified human clusterin on H9c2 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the effect of clusterin on the viability of ischemically challenged H9c2 cells and isolated adult ventricular rat cardiomyocytes was analyzed. In human myocardial infarcts, clusterin was found on scattered, morphologically viable cardiomyocytes within the infarcted area that were negative for complement. In H9c2 cells, clusterin was rapidly expressed after ischemia. Its expression was reduced after reperfusion. Clusterin bound to single annexin V-positive or annexin V and propidium iodide-positive H9c2 cells. Clusterin inhibited ischemia-induced death in H9c2 cells as well as in isolated adult ventricular rat cardiomyocytes in the absence of complement. We conclude that ischemia induces the upregulation of clusterin in ischemically challenged, but viable, cardiomyocytes. Our data suggest that clusterin protects cardiomyocytes against ischemic cell death via a complement-independent pathway.
Droplet Shape Analysis and Permeability Studies in Droplet Lipid Bilayers (2012)

We apply optical manipulation to prepare lipid bilayers between pairs of water droplets immersed in an oil matrix. These droplet pairs have a well-defined geometry allowing the use of droplet shape analysis to perform quantitative studies of the dynamics during bilayer formation and to determine time-dependent values for the droplet volumes, bilayer radius, bilayer contact angle, and droplet center-line approach velocity. During bilayer formation, the contact angle rises steadily to an equilibrium value determined by the bilayer adhesion energy. When there is a salt concentration imbalance between droplets, there is a measurable change in the droplet volume. We present an analytical expression for this volume change and use this expression to calculate the bilayer permeability to water.
Circulating Sex Hormones and Risk of Uterine Fibroids: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) (2015)

High T with high E2 was associated with an elevated risk of incident fibroids in midlife women who never reported fibroids before baseline. Conversely, the risk of recurrent fibroids was mitigated in women with high E2 and high T.
Bayesian Learning in Social Networks (2011)

We study the (perfect Bayesian) equilibrium of a sequential learning model over a general social network. Each individual receives a signal about the underlying state of the world, observes the past actions of a stochastically generated neighbourhood of individuals, and chooses one of two possible actions. The stochastic process generating the neighbourhoods defines the network topology. We characterize pure strategy equilibria for arbitrary stochastic and deterministic social networks and characterize the conditions under which there will be asymptotic learning—convergence (in probability) to the right action as the social network becomes large. We show that when private beliefs are unbounded (meaning that the implied likelihood ratios are unbounded), there will be asymptotic learning as long as there is some minimal amount of “expansion in observations”. We also characterize conditions under which there will be asymptotic learning when private beliefs are bounded.
Ovarian carcinoma diagnosis (2000)

This large national survey confirms that the majority of women with ovarian carcinoma are symptomatic and frequently have delays in diagnosis.
Integrated malaria vector control with microbial larvicides and insecticide-treated nets in western Kenya: a controlled trial (2009)

Vector control with microbial larvicides enhanced the malaria control achieved with ITNs alone. Anti-larval measures are a promising complement to ITN distribution in the economically important highland areas and similar transmission settings in Africa.
Biphasic Pattern of Bacterial Infection in Multiple Myeloma (1982)

Since the 1960s, gram-negative bacilli have become commoner pathogens than Streptococcus pneumoniae in multiple myeloma. To investigate this trend, we analyzed 75 bacterial infections in 57 patients with myeloma. Episodes of infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae occurred at presentation, early in the disease, and in patients responding to chemotherapy. Gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus caused 80% of infections seen after diagnosis and 92% of deaths from infection. Episodes of infection with gram-negative bacteria occurred in patients with active and advancing disease and in those responding to chemotherapy when neutropenia. Impaired antibody production may be the major immune defect leading to S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae infections whereas some additional factor or factors related to disease activity appear to predispose to gram-negative infection in myeloma.
A potent tetravalent T-cell–engaging bispecific antibody against CD33 in acute myeloid leukemia (2018)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common acute leukemia in adults and the second most common cancer in children, is still a lethal disease in the majority of patients, but immunologic approaches have improved outcome. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are novel immunotherapeutics that can redirect immune cells against AML. We now report a tetravalent (2+2) humanized BsAb in the immunoglobulin G light chain single chain fragment variable [IgG(L)-scFv] format to engage polyclonal T cells to kill CD33<sup>+</sup> AML targets. In vitro, this BsAb demonstrated strong antigen-specific T-cell-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (TDCC) with an 50% effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) in the femtomolar range that translated into treatment of established human AML IV xenografts in vivo. Importantly, it could redirect intraperitoneally injected T cells to ablate established and rapidly growing extramedullary subcutaneous AML xenografts in vivo. Furthermore, internalization of CD33 upon BsAb binding was identical to that of a bivalent (1+1) heterodimer, both being substantially less than anti-CD33 IgG. In contrast to the heterodimer, the tetravalent IgG-scFv BsAb was >10-fold more efficient in TDCC of AML cells in vitro and in vivo. This BsAb did not react with and did not kill CD38<sup>-</sup>CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic stem cells from cord blood. We conclude that the novel anti-CD33 IgG(L)-scFv BsAb construct reported here is a potential candidate for clinical development.
Synthesis, Structure, Photophysical Properties, and Redox Behavior of Cyclometalated Complexes of Iridium(III) with Functionalized 2,2‘-Bipyridines (1999)

The new functionalized polypyridine ligands 4‘-(4-chlorophenyl)-6‘-phenyl-2,2‘-bipyridine (clpbpy), 4‘-(4-tolyl)-6‘-phenyl-2,2‘-bipyridine (tpbpy), and 4‘-(4-carboxyphenyl)-6‘-phenyl-2,2‘-bipyridine (cpbpy), together with the known 4‘-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6‘-phenyl-2,2‘-bipyridine (hpbpy) and 4‘-(4-tolyl)-2,2‘:6‘,2‘ ‘-terpyridine (ttpy) have been used to prepare a new series of Ir(III) cyclometalated compounds [Ir(ppy)2(HL-X)][PF6] (ppy is the monoanion of 2-phenylpyridine; HL-X = hpbpy (1), clpbpy (2), tpbpy (3), cpbpy (4), and ttpy (5)). All the new species have been characterized by IR and 1H NMR, and the crystal structure of 4 is also presented and discussed. All the metal complexes exhibit oxidation mainly centered on an orbital derived from an Ir−(C-) σ-bond and ligand-centered reduction processes; all of them are luminescent from 3MLCT levels both at 77 K in a rigid matrix and at 298 K in fluid solution. The redox and absorption properties are more or less insensitive to the remote substituents on the rotationally free 4‘-phenyl ring, whereas fine-tuning of the luminescence properties is observed on changing substituents. The results show that the “energy gap law” for radiationless decay in the weak coupling limit is obeyed by this series of complexes, when complex 5 is excluded. Interestingly, the slope of the linear relationship between ln knr and the emission energy at room temperature is significantly smoother than that reported for other luminescent polypyridine complexes containing different metals. Because of the high luminescence quantum yield and the presence of functionalities in the polypyridine ligand framework, the complexes reported may be considered as useful building blocks for light- and redox-active, multicomponent supramolecular systems.
Dual-band dual polarised printed antenna element (1998)

A novel printed antenna element capable of providing dual polarised operation over two widely separated frequency bands is described. The element consists of a perforated proximity-fed microstrip patch antenna operating at the lower frequency, layered over a subarray of aperture coupled microstrip elements operating at the upper frequency. Results for a specific example operating at L and X bands (a frequency ratio of 8:1) are presented. The impedance bandwidth for both bands is &gt; 6%, with isolation within bands &gt; 20 dB and isolation between bands &gt; 40 dB. The element and feed network also has the advantage of being compact enough to be used in arrays, providing dual polarised dual-band operation from a single low-profile aperture.
Antibody Response and Protective Capacity of Plasmid Vaccines Expressing Three Different Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoproteins (1998)

Plasmid expression vectors were constructed that contained the genes encoding herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoproteins C (gC), D (gD), and E (gE). Mice receiving two intramuscular injections of expression plasmid (50 microg) produced a specific HSV-1 antibody response. Mice receiving the gD plasmid were protected against a lethal intraperitoneal challenge of HSV-1 (5 x 10(4) pfu) but not against more demanding challenge doses. Protection with gC or gE plasmid vaccination could be demonstrated only if the inoculating dose of DNA was increased to 250 microg. In contrast, all mice immunized with vaccinia recombinants expressing either gC or gE survived HSV-1 challenge. Analysis of the HSV-1 antibody isotype produced by plasmid immunization revealed a response dominated by IgG2a. Combination delivery of all three glycoprotein expression plasmids provided better protection against lethal challenge, but mice receiving the combination were still not able to withstand increased challenge doses of virus.
An Elegant Biosensor Molecular Beacon Probe: Challenges and Recent Solutions (2012)

Molecular beacon (MB) probes are fluorophore- and quencher-labeled short synthetic DNAs folded in a stem-loop shape. Since the first report by Tyagi and Kramer, it has become a widely accepted tool for nucleic acid analysis and triggered a cascade of related developments in the field of molecular sensing. The unprecedented success of MB probes stems from their ability to detect specific DNA or RNA sequences immediately after hybridization with no need to wash out the unbound probe (instantaneous format). Importantly, the hairpin structure of the probe is responsible for both the low fluorescent background and improved selectivity. Furthermore, the signal is generated in a reversible manner; thus, if the analyte is removed, the signal is reduced to the background. This paper highlights the advantages of MB probes and discusses the approaches that address the challenges in MB probe design. Variations of MB-based assays tackle the problem of stem invasion, improve SNP genotyping and signal-to-noise ratio, as well as address the challenges of detecting folded RNA and DNA.
Campylobacter jejuni Binds Intestinal H(O) Antigen (Fucα1, 2Galβ1, 4GlcNAc), and Fucosyloligosaccharides of Human Milk Inhibit Its Binding and Infection (2003)

The most common cause of infant mortality is diarrhea; the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea is Campylobacter jejuni, which is also the primary cause of motor neuron paralysis. The first step in campylobacter pathogenesis is adherence to intestinal mucosa. We found that such binding was inhibited in vitro by human milk and, with high avidity, by alpha1,2-fucosylated carbohydrate moieties containing the H(O) blood group epitope (Fuc alpha 1,2Gal beta 1,4GlcNAc em leader ). In studies on the mechanism of adherence, campylobacter, which normally does not bind to Chinese hamster ovary cells, bound avidly when the cells were transfected with a human alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase gene that caused overexpression of H-2 antigen; binding was specifically inhibited by H-2 ligands (lectins Ulex europaeus and Lotus tetragonolobus and H-2 monoclonal antibody), H-2 mimetics, and human milk oligosaccharides. Human milk oligosaccharides inhibited campylobacter colonization of mice in vivo and human intestinal mucosa ex vivo. Campylobacter colonization of nursing mouse pups was inhibited if their dams had been transfected with a human alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase gene that caused expression of H(O) antigen in milk. We conclude that campylobacter binding to intestinal H-2 antigen is essential for infection. Milk fucosyloligosaccharides and specific fucosyl alpha1,2-linked molecules inhibit this binding and may represent a novel class of antimicrobial agents.
World Wide Assessment of the Agreement of GCMs in the Prediction of Hydroclimatic Variables for the Future (2009)

To undertake climate change impact assessment studies we require the outputs of General Circulation Models (GCMs). Often due to time and computational constraints, only a subset of the available models and variables is used but we need to know if this subset is representative of the ensemble mean which in the absence of observations for a future climate, is often assumed to be the best predictor of the state of the system. A skill score has previously been derived to allow for the quantitative comparison of the outputs of GCMs across time and space. The skill score was applied to examine the performance of GCMs in different climatic regions of Australia. The skill score has now been extended and applied across the world using the outputs of the full suite of IPCC GCMs for a range of hydroclimatic variables. It was found that the temperature and surface pressure show the most agreement across all the GCMs at the global and regional levels. Precipitation projections for the future show little agreement between models, with the standard deviation of the model projections approximately 20% of the multimodel mean. In comparison the standard deviation of surface pressure and temperature projections is generally around 0.03% and 0.1% of the respective multi-model mean. Regional variations of the convergence of GCMs for precipitation highlight the uncertainties in the model predictions for mid latitude regions, particularly those with low average annual rainfall, e.g. Australia and the Sahara. It was also found that the pre processing bias correction step in deriving the skill score improves the convergence of the model projections of the future. The Variable Convergence Score (VCS) methodology is a simple method that can be quickly applied to assess the reliability of a subset of model results for different variables and different regions.