gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A correlation of 5-hydroxytriptamine and cerebral vasoreactivity in patients with migraine. (1995)

Cerebral haemodynamics and the level of serum 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) were analysed in 21 migraine patients (8 with and 13 without aura) during the headache-free period as well as the attack. Cerebral vasoreactivity was evaluated by acetazolamide test and Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD). TCD findings were within normal ranges in the majority of migraine patients. Patients with migraine without aura had higher blood flow velocities (BFV) than patients with aura. Comparison of BVF and pulsatility index (PI) data patterns in migraine with and in migraine without aura during the attack revealed differences indicating cerebral hypoperfusion. It was noticed that systolic BFV decreased in migraine with aura on the headache side while PI increased. In migraine without aura, both systolic BFV and PI increased. 5-HT findings were heterogeneous. Reduction of cerebral vasoreactivity was observed especially in migraine with aura. Our results suggest different pathogenic mechanisms between migraine with and without aura, supporting the neurogenic inflammation theory.
An Extremely Potent Inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidoreductase (2003)

TEI-6720 (2-(3-cyano-4-isobutoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid) is an extremely potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase. Steady state kinetics measurements exhibit mixed type inhibition with K(i) and K(i)' values of 1.2 +/- 0.05 x 10(-10) m and 9 +/- 0.05 x 10(-10) m, respectively. Fluorescence-monitored titration experiments showed that TEI-6720 bound very tightly to both the active and the inactive desulfo-form of the enzyme. The dissociation constant determined for the desulfo-form was 2 +/- 0.03 x 10(-9) m; for the active form, the corresponding number was too low to allow accurate measurements. The crystal structure of the active sulfo-form of milk xanthine dehydrogenase complexed with TEI-6720 and determined at 2.8-A resolution revealed the inhibitor molecule bound in a long, narrow channel leading to the molybdenum-pterin active site of the enzyme. It filled up most of the channel and the immediate environment of the cofactor, very effectively inhibiting the activity of the enzyme through the prevention of substrate binding. Although the inhibitor did not directly coordinate to the molybdenum ion, numerous hydrogen bonds as well as hydrophobic interactions with the protein matrix were observed, most of which are also used in substrate recognition.
Defective interleukin 2 production in patients after bone marrow transplantation and in vitro restoration of defective T lymphocyte proliferation by highly purified interleukin 2 (1984)

Using OKT3 monoclonal antibody as a mitogen, we have studied interleukin 2 (IL2) production and proliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 23 patients receiving bone marrow transplants. Twenty patients were recipients of allogeneic bone marrow for treatment of hematologic malignancies, aplastic anemias (AA), or severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCID). Three patients with Hodgkin's disease or neuroblastoma received autologous bone marrow. Endogenous IL2 production was not detectable (less than 0.2 U/mL) in PBMC of 18 patients and was very low in PBMC from five patients (0.5 to 1.5 U/mL), as compared to normal controls (median 3.5 U/mL) or pretransplant patients (median 1.5 U/mL). The low IL2 production was associated with defective OKT3-induced proliferation of PBMC in 19 of 23 patients studied. In the first 6 months after BMT, 14 of 15 patients (93%) showed defective proliferation of PBMC as compared to five of eight patients (63%) tested between 7 and 18 months after BMT (P less than .1). In all but three patients, addition of highly purified human lymphocyte IL2 (hpIL2) restored OKT3-induced proliferation of PBMC to within the normal range. This study demonstrates that PBMC in patients after BMT have a defect of IL2 production but are able to express IL2 receptors in response to OKT3 antibody and to proliferate normally upon addition of hpIL2. PBMC of all patients showed similar functional defects, whether or not they received additional therapy, including various conditioning regimens prior to BMT and immunosuppressive therapy after BMT. These observations suggest that T cell defects after BMT are most likely secondary to quantitative or qualitative defects of transplanted T lymphocytes or their precursors.
Nitric Oxide as a Mediator of Relaxation of the Corpus Cavernosum in Response to Nonadrenergic, Noncholinergic Neurotransmission (1992)

Our findings support the hypothesis that nitric oxide is involved in the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmission that leads to the smooth-muscle relaxation in the corpus cavernosum that permits penile erection. Defects in this pathway may cause some forms of impotence.
Insertion of a Telomere Repeat Sequence into a Mammalian Gene Causes Chromosome Instability (2001)

Telomere repeat sequences cap the ends of eucaryotic chromosomes and help stabilize them. At interstitial sites, however, they may destabilize chromosomes, as suggested by cytogenetic studies in mammalian cells that correlate interstitial telomere sequence with sites of spontaneous and radiation-induced chromosome rearrangements. In no instance is the length, purity, or orientation of the telomere repeats at these potentially destabilizing interstitial sites known. To determine the effects of a defined interstitial telomere sequence on chromosome instability, as well as other aspects of DNA metabolism, we deposited 800 bp of the functional vertebrate telomere repeat, TTAGGG, in two orientations in the second intron of the adenosine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) gene in Chinese hamster ovary cells. In one orientation, the deposited telomere sequence did not interfere with expression of the APRT gene, whereas in the other it reduced mRNA levels slightly. The telomere sequence did not induce chromosome truncation and the seeding of a new telomere at a frequency above the limits of detection. Similarly, the telomere sequence did not alter the rate or distribution of homologous recombination events. The interstitial telomere repeat sequence in both orientations, however, dramatically increased gene rearrangements some 30-fold. Analysis of individual rearrangements confirmed the involvement of the telomere sequence. These studies define the telomere repeat sequence as a destabilizing element in the interior of chromosomes in mammalian cells.
Entrapment of human leukocyte interferon in the aqueous interstices of liposomes (1981)

Human leukocyte interferon has been trapped in the aqueous interstices of multilamellar liposomes (phosphatidylcholine, dicetyl phosphate, and cholesterol [7:2:1]). Such liposomes trapped [3H]inulin (aqueous space marker) and interferon to the extent of 0.22 +/- 0.01 mg (n = 8) and 350 +/- 54 U (n = 4) per mumol of liquid, respectively, as judged by molecular sieve chromatography. Interferon trapped within liposomes was resistant to tryptic digestion under conditions which completely inactivated free interferon. Studies in which interferon was added to preformed liposomes excluded the possibility that interferon bound nonspecifically to the outer layer of the multilamellar liposomes. When interferon was added to the aqueous medium in which liposomes of various net surface charges were permitted to form, trapping of interferon varied directly with the interlamellar aqueous compartments of the liposomes. The demonstration that stable liposomes can entrap interferon suggests that these may constitute suitable vectors for the delivery of interferon to cells.
Cleavage of deoxyribonucleic acid by the 1,10-phenanthroline-cuprous complex. Hydrogen peroxide requirement and primary and secondary structure specificity (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCleavage of deoxyribonucleic acid by the 1,10-phenanthroline-cuprous complex. Hydrogen peroxide requirement and primary and secondary structure specificityLaura E. Marshall, Daniel R. Graham, Karl A. Reich, and David S. SigmanCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 2, 244–250Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00505a003https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00505a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views406Altmetric-Citations175LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[The comparison of biologic character between mouse embryonic fibroblast and human embryonic fibroblast]. (2003)

To evaluate the feasibility of using human embryonic fibroblast(HEF) as feeder layer in the culture of human embryonic stem(ES) cells in vitro, we investigated the morphology, the sensitivity to 0.25% trypsin, the growth curve and cell cycle of HEF with DMEM(low glucose) +10% FBS used as culture medium, and then we compared HEF with mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF). The results showed that both HEF and MEF are adherent cells in vitro, and HEF has longer life span and better growth ability than MEF. In room temperature, HEF is more sensitive to 0.25% trypsin. Our research suggested that HEF can be used as feeder layer in culture of ES cells. HEF has longer service life than MEF and is worthy to be studied further.
Mapping of the alpha-bungarotoxin binding site within the alpha subunit of the acetylcholine receptor. (1986)

Synthetic peptides and their respective antibodies have been used in order to map the alpha-bungarotoxin binding site within the alpha subunit of the acetylcholine receptor. By using antibodies to a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 169-181 of the alpha subunit, we demonstrate that this sequence is included within the 18-kDa toxin binding fragment previously reported. Furthermore, the 18-kDa fragment was also found to bind a monoclonal antibody (5.5) directed against the cholinergic binding site. Sequential proteolysis of the acetylcholine receptor with trypsin, prior to Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion, resulted in a 15-kDa toxin binding fragment that is included within the 18-kDa fragment but is shorter than it only at its carboxyl terminus. This 15-kDa fragment therefore initiates beyond Asp-152 and terminates in the region of Arg-313/Lys-314. In addition, experiments are reported that indicate that in the intact acetylcholine receptor, Cys-128 and/or Cys-142 are not crosslinked by disulfide bridges with any of the cysteines (at positions 192, 193, and 222) that reside in the 15-kDa toxin binding fragment. Finally, the synthetic dodecapeptide Lys-His-Trp-Val-Tyr-Tyr-Thr-Cys-Cys-Pro-Asp-Thr, which is present in the 15-kDa fragment (corresponding to residues 185-196 of the alpha subunit) was shown to bind alpha-bungarotoxin directly. This binding was completely inhibited by competition with d-tubocurarine.
Mollusc‐specific toxins from the venom of Conus textile neovicarius (1991)

Three peptide toxins exhibiting strong paralytic activity to molluscs, but with no paralytic effects on arthropods or vertebrates, were purified from the venom of the molluscivorous snail Conus textile neovicarius from the Red Sea. The amino acid sequences of these mollusc specific toxins are: TxIA, WCKQSGEMCNLLDQNCCDGYCI-VLVCT (identical to the so called 'King Kong peptide'); TxIB, WCKQSGEMCNVLDQNCCDGYCIVFVCT; TxIIA, WGGYSTYC gamma VDS gamma CCSDNCVRSYCT (gamma = gamma-carboxyglutamate). There is a similarity of the Cys framework of these toxins to that of the omega-conotoxins; however, their net negative charges, high content of hydrophobic residues and uneven number of Cys residues in TxIIA, are highly unusual for conotoxins. When assayed on isolated cultured Aplysia neurons, all three toxins induced membrane depolarization and spontaneous repetitive firing. The TxI toxins also induce a marked prolongation of the action potential duration, which is sodium dependent. These effects differ significantly from the blocking activities of piscivorous venom conotoxins. These mollusc specific conotoxins may therefore serve as new and selective probes for ion-channel functions in molluscan neuronal systems.
雙閘式絕緣體上矽金氧半元件當上閘極為N+/下閘極為P+多晶矽時的分析 (2005)

This thesis reports an analysis of double-gate SOI CMOS devices using top N+/Bottom P+ poly gate structure. In chapter 2, we discuss the threshold voltage model of the normal DG FD SOI PMOS devices without considering gate misalignment effect in different channel length. In chapter 3,we report an analytical short-channel effect (SCE) transition voltage model of double-gate (DG) fully-depleted (FD) SOI NMOS devices with the n+/p+ polysilicon top/bottom gate. The existence of the transition voltage is due to the simultaneous turn-on of the bottom channel in addition to the top channel. As verified by 2D simulation results, this analytical transition voltage model provides a well prediction of the SCE transition voltage behavior of the devices. In chapter 4, we report an analytical drain current model of double-gate (DG) fully-depleted (FD) SOI NMOS devices with the n+/p+ poly top/bottom gate considering the threshold/transition voltage effects. Via a comprehensive current conduction mechanism model, the analytical drain current model considering the threshold/transition voltage effects could provide an accurate prediction of performance the 100nm DG FD SOI NMOS device with the n+/p+ poly top/bottom gate as verified by the 2D simulation results.
Terazosin in benign prostatic hyperplasia: effects on blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive men (1998)

Terazosin is a safe treatment for BPH in normotensive and hypertensive men, including men who are already taking additional antihypertensive drugs.
Embedded DRAM: more than just a memory (2000)

Dynamic random access memory has been a viable semiconductor storage medium for more than three decades. Surprisingly, it has only been in the past three years that attempts to combine DRAM with meaningful amounts of Boolean logic, on the same substrate, have occurred. Although much fanfare has accompanied this technological breakthrough, commonly referred to as embedded DRAM, few system designers appreciate the complexity of this new technology, let alone its applicability to other circuit forms. This article provides background information about embedded DRAM technology, provide suggestions on how structural and electrical elements of the embedded DRAM era might be reused in other circuits, and review circuit theory that is directly attributed to the DRAM technology progression.
Thermal balance model for cattle grazing winter range (2013)

Beef cattle grazing semi-arid foothill range of the Northern Rockies during winter may be exposed to cold temperatures and high winds while grazing pastures with low nutritional value. Cattle can physiologically and behaviorally respond to the changing environment to lower metabolic requirements and reduce the effects of cold exposure. Requirements of grazing cattle may be overpredicted with models developed in controlled settings that do not account for energy conserving behaviors. We refined a simple thermal balance equation to model heat exchange of free-ranging cattle. We accounted for the complex interactions between animal behavior and the changing natural environment by applying the insulation characteristics of cattle's tissue and coat to, first, a simple geometric shape of an asymmetric ellipsoid, and second, to a three-dimensional computer model of a cow at different orientations to the sun and wind. A group of mature cows grazing native range were observed from dawn to dusk from 28 November 2003 to 21 January 2004. These observations were used to evaluate our model and as reference for analyzing cattle behavior in response to environmental variables. Correlation (r) between predicted and measured surface temperatures was 0.82, indicating the model successfully quantifies heat exchanges of cattle exposed to cold conditions in the field. We compared our model predictions with heat production measured in three studies, and with predictions based on the National Research Council beef cattle model. In all cases our model predictions were similar to those reported. Model simulations indicate behavior such as lying and orientation to the sun helped mitigate the effects of extreme weather, and that for many combinations of winter weather variables there is only a small increase in metabolic requirements due to cold exposure in mature beef cattle in a maintenance state. Our results indicate solar radiation contributes strongly to a cow's thermal balance. Thus, previous estimates that did not account for the irradiative environment may have overestimated metabolic requirements of acclimated cattle grazing winter range.
6-Azasteroids: potent dual inhibitors of human type 1 and 2 steroid 5.alpha.-reductase (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticle6-Azasteroids: potent dual inhibitors of human type 1 and 2 steroid 5.alpha.-reductaseStephen V. Frye, Curt D. Haffner, Patrick R. Maloney, Robert A. Mook Jr., G. F. Dorsey Jr., Roger N. Hiner, Kenneth W. Batchelor, H. Neal Bramson, J. Darren Stuart, and Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 26, 4313–4315Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00078a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00078a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views412Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A new class of thiolipids for the attachment of lipid bilayers on gold surfaces (1994)

A new class of lipid mols. is synthesized, based on two dipalmitoylphosphatidic mols., each extended at the lipid phosphate by a hydrophilic spacer chain of ethoxy groups of variable length, which are then coupled as a bilipid via a terminal disulfide group at the hydrophilic spacer. These anchor-bearing \\"thiolipids\\" can attach to gold substrates by forming stable gold-sulfur bonds. In this way, the authors can couple lipid bilayers to gold surfaces, with the possibility of preserving a water layer between the support and the first monolayer. The thiolipid mols. are characterized on a Langmuir film balance using fluorescence microscopy. The mol. areas of the thiolipids on the water surface are 80-90 .ANG.2 at a fully compressed state. The thiolipid monolayers show a typical first-order phase transition on the water surface with regular, starlike domains. The formation of thiolipid-attached mono- and bilayers on gold surfaces was studied by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), impedance measurements, and cyclic voltammetry. Four different supported membrane systems are studied in detail: (1) pure thiolipid layers; (2) mixed lipid bilayers contg. a first pure thiolipid monolayer and a second one of conventional phospholipids; (3) bilayers, where the first gold-attached monolayer is composed of a mixt. of thio- and conventional phospholipids with another second phospholipid layer on top; (4) monolayers of pure 1-hexadecanethiol and layers with a second phospholipid film on top of the 1-hexadecanethiol. The electrochem. expts. reveal elec. blocking layers for all lipid systems investigated with specific resistances of 104-105 W cm2. The capacitance values for pure thiolipid bilayers are in the range of 0.5-0.7 mF/cm2 for the pure thiolipid bilayers and 0.7-0.8 mF/cm2 for the mixed thiolipid/phospholipid bilayers, which is comparable to the values found for unsupported, so-called black lipid membranes. SPR measurements confirm qual. the results of the electrochem. expts. [on SciFinder (R)]
High-performance integral-imaging-based light field augmented reality display using freeform optics (2018)

A new integral-imaging-based light field augmented-reality display is proposed and implemented for the first time, to our best knowledge, to achieve a wide see-through view and high image quality over a large depth range. By using custom-designed freeform optics and incorporating a tunable lens and an aperture array, we demonstrated a compact design of a light field head-mounted-display that offers a true 3D display view of 30° by 18°, maintains a spatial resolution of 3 arc minutes across a depth range of over 3 diopters, and provides a see-through field of view of 65° by 40°.