gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomistic studies of O2 dissociation on Pt(111) induced by photons, electrons, and by heating (1997)

The adsorption and subsequent dissociation of O2 on Pt(111) was studied by variable temperature scanning tunneling microscopy in the temperature range of 40 to 215 K. Tight clustering of bridge site molecules is observed on terraces between 40 and 70 K, indicating a highly mobile precursor to chemisorption. Coexistence of bridge and fcc hollow site molecules in fractal-shaped islands is observed after dosing between 70 and 95 K. Dissociation of these species was induced by uv radiation, inelastic tunneling electrons, and heating. In all three cases, two O atoms are found within two lattice constants of the original molecule and one to three lattice constants apart.
Advances in ventricular synchronous demand cardiac pacemakers. (1978)

The a- (I) and b-cyclodextrins (II) were sepd. on micro-chromatoplates (Peifer, CA 57, 1511g). Adsorbents were Kiesel-G \\"Merck\\" (A) and Alusil layers (B) (25 g. each A and Al2O3-G \\"Merck\\" in 2:1 CHCl3-MeOH). The best solvents were 6:3:1:2:4 BuOH-HOAc-H2O-C5H5N-HCONMe2 (C) and 6:3:1 BuOH-HOAc-H2O (D). The indicator spray was a mixt. of 10 ml. H2SO4, 20 ml. H2O, and 3 g. K2Cr2O7. The Rf values of I and II, resp., on A with C are 0.0 and 0.5; similar values are found on B with C, but the spots are less sharp. I, II, glucose, and maltose were sepd. on A by development first with solvent D, allowing D to reach the end of the adsorbent, letting stand 4 min., vaporization of D, then development with solvent C.
THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SOME NEW DERIVATIVES OF PYRIDINE1,2 (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SOME NEW DERIVATIVES OF PYRIDINE1,2F. B. LaForgeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1928, 50, 9, 2477–2483Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1928https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01396a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01396a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Towards gauge invariant bundle adjustment: a solution based on gauge dependent damping (2003)

Bundle adjustment is used to obtain accurate visual reconstructions by minimizing the reprojection error. The coordinate frame ambiguity, or more generality the gauge freedoms, has been dealt with in different manners. It has often been reported that standard bundle adjustment algorithms were not gauge invariant: two iterations within different gauges can lead to geometrically very different results. Surprisingly, most algorithms do not exploit gauge freedoms to improve performances. We consider this issue. We analyze theoretically the impact of the gauge on standard algorithms. We show that a sufficiently general damping matrix in Levenberg-Marquardt iteration can be used to implicitly reproduce a gauge transformation. We show that if the damping matrix is chosen such that the decrease in the reprojection error is maximized, then the iteration is gauge invariant. Experimental results on simulated and real data show that our gauge invariant bundle adjustment algorithm outperforms existing ones in terms of stability.
Internet telephony gateway location (2002)

Although the Internet was designed to handle non-real time data traffic, it is being used increasingly to carry voice and video. One important class of contributors to this growth are Internet telephones. Critical to more widespread use of Internet telephony is smooth interoperability with the existing telephone network. This interoperability comes through the use of Internet telephony gateways (ITGs) which perform protocol translation between an IP network and the public switched telephone network (PSTN). In order for an IP host to call a user on the PSTN, the IP host must know the IP address of an appropriate gateway. We consider the problem of finding these gateways. An analysis of a number of protocol architectures is presented, including hierarchical databases, multicast advertisement, routing protocols, and centralized databases. We propose a new protocol architecture, called Brokered Multicast Advertisements (BMA) which serves as a lightweight, scalable mechanism for locating ITGs. The BMA architecture is general, and can be applied to location of any service across a wide area network.
Nonviral Delivery Systems for Cancer Gene Therapy: Strategies and Challenges (2018)

Gene therapy has been receiving widespread attention due to its unique advantage in regulating the expression of specific target genes. In the field of cancer gene therapy, modulation of gene expression has been shown to decrease oncogenic factors in cancer cells or increase immune responses against cancer. Due to the macromolecular size and highly negative physicochemical features of plasmid DNA, efficient delivery systems are an essential ingredient for successful gene therapy. To date, a variety of nanostructures and materials have been studied as nonviral gene delivery systems. In this review, we will cover nonviral delivery strategies for cancer gene therapy, with a focus on target cancer genes and delivery materials. Moreover, we will address current challenges and perspectives for nonviral delivery-based cancer gene therapeutics.
Symptoms of anxiety in depression: assessment of item performance of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale in patients with depression (2008)

These results demonstrate anxiety as a core feature of depression, and the relationship between anxiety-related symptoms and depression should be considered in the assessment of depression and evaluation of treatment strategies and outcome.
Rhizobium cellulase CelC2 is essential for primary symbiotic infection of legume host roots (2008)

The rhizobia-legume, root-nodule symbiosis provides the most efficient source of biologically fixed ammonia fertilizer for agricultural crops. Its development involves pathways of specificity, infectivity, and effectivity resulting from expressed traits of the bacterium and host plant. A key event of the infection process required for development of this root-nodule symbiosis is a highly localized, complete erosion of the plant cell wall through which the bacterial symbiont penetrates to establish a nitrogen-fixing, intracellular endosymbiotic state within the host. This process of wall degradation must be delicately balanced to avoid lysis and destruction of the host cell. Here, we describe the purification, biochemical characterization, molecular genetic analysis, biological activity, and symbiotic function of a cell-bound bacterial cellulase (CelC2) enzyme from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii, the clover-nodulating endosymbiont. The purified enzyme can erode the noncrystalline tip of the white clover host root hair wall, making a localized hole of sufficient size to allow wild-type microsymbiont penetration. This CelC2 enzyme is not active on root hairs of the nonhost legume alfalfa. Microscopy analysis of the symbiotic phenotypes of the ANU843 wild type and CelC2 knockout mutant derivative revealed that this enzyme fulfils an essential role in the primary infection process required for development of the canonical nitrogen-fixing R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii-white clover symbiosis.
Modulation of NCAM expression by transforming growth factor-beta, serum, and autocrine factors. (1990)

The expression of NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) is precisely regulated in terms of cell type specificity and developmental control. We searched for extracellular factors that may be involved in this regulation using N2A neuroblastoma and NIH 3T3 fibroblastic cells. Factors contained in FBS promoted a two- to threefold increase in NCAM protein and mRNA abundance in both cell lines. This increase in NCAM expression in high serum could be entirely attributed to enhanced levels of the NCAM-140 message. Modulation of NCAM synthesis via an autocrine mechanism is suggested by the observation that medium conditioned by N2A cells stimulated NCAM mRNA expression by 3T3 and N2A cells. Among the pure factors tested, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) was found to act as an inducer of NCAM expression in 3T3 but not in N2A cells. 3T3 cells responded to exposure to TGF beta with a two- to threefold increase in NCAM protein and mRNA. Exposure of early-passage embryonic cells to TGF beta resulted in four- and twofold increases in NCAM protein and mRNA abundance, respectively, suggesting a role for TGF beta in modulating NCAM expression in the embryo. TGF beta seems to act by stimulating the transcriptional activity of the NCAM gene because it did not affect transcript stability and stimulated transcription from a proximal promoter element of the NCAM gene.
Intranasal anesthetic effects of lidocaine and tetracaine compared (1995)

The quality of nasal anesthesia obtained with two local anesthetic solutions (2% lidocaine in oxymetazoline and 1% tetracaine in oxymetazoline) was evaluated in this double-blind, randomized study. Each local anesthetic mixture was applied to the nasal septum of healthy volunteers with medication-soaked pledgets. Measurements of anesthetic effect (sensation threshold and pain perception) were made with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments (North Coast Medical, San Jose, Calif.). Measurements were performed before local anesthetic application and at 10 and 70 minutes after local anesthetic application. Subjects had greater increases in sensation threshold with tetracaine than with lidocaine at both 10 and 70 minutes (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Subjects had greater decreases in pain perception with tetracaine than with lidocaine at both time intervals (p = 0.0003 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Tetracaine mixed with oxymetazoline appears to be a superior topical anesthetic for nasal procedures.
Base-By-Base Ratcheting of Single Stranded DNA through a Solid-State Nanopore (2010)

We investigate the base-by-base translocation dynamics of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) confined in a solid-state nanopore dressed with an electrostatic trap, using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. We observe on the simulation time scale of tens of nanoseconds that ssDNA can be driven through the nanopore in a ratchetlike fashion, with a step size equal to the spacing between neighboring phosphate groups in the ssDNA backbone. A 1D-Langevin-like model is derived from atomistic dynamics which can quantitatively describe simulation results and can be used to study dynamics on longer time scales. The controlled ratcheting motion of DNA could potentially enhance the signal-to-noise ratio for nanoelectronic DNA sensing technologies.
Enhanced Cell Differentiation When RB Is Hypophosphorylated and Down-Regulated by Radicicol, a SRC-Kinase Inhibitor (1994)

Radicicol, an inhibitor of src or src-like kinases, causes hypophosphorylation and down-regulation of the RB retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Both of these changes in the RB protein typically are associated with myeloid or monocytic differentiation of these cells induced by retinoic acid or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. When added with either inducer, radicicol caused the typically induced myeloid or monocytic differentiation of these cells to be accelerated. By itself radicicol caused a transient inhibition of G1 to S transit, but did not cause phenotypic conversion. The down-regulation and dephosphorylation of RB by radicicol may thus facilitate cell differentiation.
A data management strategy for transportable natural language interfaces (1995)

By transportability of a natural language interface (NLI) we mean the ease with which it can be customized to a new domain and database by the database administrator as opposed to a linguistic expert. Next-generation database systems (Genesis, Exodus, Starburst) are expansible to support a variety of applications each of which may use a different knowledge representation strategy. an enhanced architecture for natural language interfaces is presented that takes advantage of expansible next-generation database systems to facilitate transportability. A two-pass strategy for transportability is required within the enhanced architecture. On the first pass the NLI builds a representation space to facilitate its own transportability. On the second pass a transportability solution (viewed as a learning task) occurs in that representation space. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Biochemical identification of Argonaute 2 as the sole protein required for RNA-induced silencing complex activity (2004)

RNA interference is carried out by the small double-stranded RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The RISC-bound small RNA guides the RISC complex to identify and cleave mRNAs with complementary sequences. The proteins that make up the RISC complex and cleave mRNA have not been unequivocally defined. Here, we report the biochemical purification of RISC activity to homogeneity from Drosophila Schnieder 2 cell extracts. Argonaute 2 (Ago-2) is the sole protein component present in the purified, functional RISC. By using a bioinformatics method that combines sequence-profile analysis with predicted protein secondary structure, we found homology between the PIWI domain of Ago-2 and endonuclease V and identified potential active-site amino acid residues within the PIWI domain of Ago-2.
Crystallographic Evidence for Preformed Dimers of Erythropoietin Receptor Before Ligand Activation (1999)

Erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) is thought to be activated by ligand-induced homodimerization. However, structures of agonist and antagonist peptide complexes of EPOR, as well as an EPO-EPOR complex, have shown that the actual dimer configuration is critical for the biological response and signal efficiency. The crystal structure of the extracellular domain of EPOR in its unliganded form at 2.4 angstrom resolution has revealed a dimer in which the individual membrane-spanning and intracellular domains would be too far apart to permit phosphorylation by JAK2. This unliganded EPOR dimer is formed from self-association of the same key binding site residues that interact with EPO-mimetic peptide and EPO ligands. This model for a preformed dimer on the cell surface provides insights into the organization, activation, and plasticity of recognition of hematopoietic cell surface receptors.
Viral Etiology of Severe Pneumonia Among Kenyan Infants and Children (2010)

In a sample of Kenyan infants and children admitted with severe pneumonia to a rural hospital, RSV was the predominant viral pathogen.
Soft contact lens identification. (1975)

Measuring procedures used for hydrogel contact lenses are sufficiently difficult to make identification of a given soft lens annoyingly time-consuming and sometimes impossible. Etching a number or letter on the lens when it is received from the laboratory allows the practitioner to tell whether the proper lens is being worn, even while the lens is still on the patient's eye. A sharp pointed tool on a dry hydrogel lens produces this identifying number.
Rapamycin induces tumor-specific thrombosis via tissue factor in the presence of VEGF (2005)

Therapeutic strategies that target and disrupt the already-formed vessel networks of growing tumors are actively pursued. The goal of these approaches is to induce a rapid shutdown of the vascular function of the tumor so that blood flow is arrested and tumor cell death occurs. Here we show that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin, when administered to tumor-bearing mice, selectively induced extensive local microthrombosis of the tumor microvasculature. Importantly, rapamycin administration had no detectable effect on the peritumoral or normal tissue. Intravital microscopy analysis of tumors implanted into skinfold chambers revealed that rapamycin led to a specific shutdown of initially patent tumor vessels. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tissue factor expression was strongly enhanced by rapamycin. We further show by Western blot analysis that rapamycin interferes with a negative feedback mechanism controlling this pathologic VEGF-mediated tissue factor expression. This thrombogenic alteration of the endothelial cells was confirmed in a one-step coagulation assay. The circumstance that VEGF is up-regulated in most tumors may explain the remarkable selectivity of tumor vessel thrombosis under rapamycin therapy. Taken together, these data suggest that rapamycin, besides its known antiangiogenic properties, has a strong tumor-specific, antivascular effect in tumors.
Radiation-Induced Modulation of Costimulatory and Coinhibitory T-Cell Signaling Molecules on Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells Promotes Productive Antitumor Immune Interactions (2014)

We sought to determine if single-dose external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) could modulate the expression signature of T-cell costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules in human prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines in vitro. We investigated the functional impact of irradiated PCa cells with a modulated costimulatory profile on responder T-cell activity. We used three PCa cell lines (DU145, PC3, and LNCaP) and two epithelial cell lines from noncancerous prostate and lung tissue. After 72 hours of EBRT, surface expression of four immunostimulatory molecules (CD70, CD275/ICOSL, CD134L/OX40L, and CD137L/41BBL) and two immunosuppressive markers (CTLA-4/CD152 and PD-L1/CD274) were evaluated by flow cytometry. We evaluated the impact of several radiation doses and the longevity of modulated expression. We examined the functional impact of radiation-induced modulation of cancer cells by cytotoxic T cells (CTL) cytotoxicity and ELISPOT assay for interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production. Last, we evaluated whether IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression could be reversed by EBRT. After 10 Gy EBRT, expression of OX40L and 41BBL increased in all three PCa cell lines; expression of CD70 and ICOSL increased in PC3 cells. Conversely, a decrease in PD-L1 expression in DU145 and PC3 cells was detectable up to 144 hours after EBRT. No PD-L1 was detected in LNCaP. Epithelial cells from normal prostate were not modulated by radiation. CTL cytolytic activity and IFN-γ production were enhanced by interaction with irradiated PCa cells. Finally, EBRT failed to prevent IFN-γ-induced upregulation of PD-L1. We demonstrate that a single dose of EBRT increased surface expression of costimulatory molecules and decreased the expression of coinhibitory molecules in human PCa cell lines. Changes in irradiated tumor cells led to functional enhancement of T-cell activity, despite EBRT failing to reduce IFN-γ-induced expression of PD-L1. These data suggest that combining radiotherapy with T-cell stimulating immunotherapy may be an attractive strategy for cancer treatment.
Distribution of lipids in 8,500 men with coronary artery disease (1995)

In the present study we measured fasting lipid profiles in over 8,500 community-living men with coronary artery disease (CAD) to determine the distribution of lipid abnormalities in this population: 81% were white and 16% black; mean age 62.9 +/- 8 years; mean total cholesterol 214 +/- 41 mg/dl; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 140 +/- 37 mg/dl; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 39 +/- 11 mg/dl; and triglycerides 190 +/- 142 mg/dl. After adjusting for age, the only significant difference between blacks and whites was a higher HDL cholesterol in blacks (45 vs 38 mg/dl, p < 0.003). With use of cut points established by the National Cholesterol Education Program, 87% of subjects had high LDL cholesterol (> or = 100 mg/dl), 38% had low HDL cholesterol (< 35 mg/dl), and 33% had high triglycerides (> 200 mg/dl). We estimated that 42% of men with CAD would be definite candidates for cholesterol-lowering medication according to the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines and that 41% of those in whom cholesterol-lowering medication would not be definitely indicated had low levels of HDL cholesterol. We conclude that (1) black men with CAD have substantially higher HDL cholesterol than white men, (2) almost 90% of male patients with CAD are candidates for dietary intervention and > 40% may need medications to lower LDL cholesterol, and (3) 40% of patients without a definite indication for cholesterol-lowering medications have low levels of HDL cholesterol.
Optimum loop filter in hybrid coders (1994)

Examines the role of the loop/interpolation filter in the motion compensation loop of hybrid coders. Using the Wiener filtering concept and the statistical model developed by Chen and Pang (1992), the optimum filter that minimises the prediction error has been found. The result is expressed in an explicit form in terms of a correlation parameter, /spl rho/ and an inaccuracy parameter, /spl alpha/. It explains many current practices in MPEG and H.261 coders, as well as the leakage predictor, 3-tap versus 8-tap filters and other related issues. The analysis shows that minimum bit rate can only be achieved if the loop filter matches the statistical characteristic of the motion-compensated signal. Furthermore, since the motion noise characteristic could be very different in the horizontal and vertical direction for many sequences, the decision to deploy the optimum filter should be made separately in the two directions. The paper also derives the scalar loop filter in DCT domain. The scalar filter is sub-optimal, but it requires less computational load than the spatial domain filter (64 versus 484 multiplications per 8/spl times/8 block). Experiments show that it performs almost as efficiently as the optimum 3-tap spatial domain filter, thus ascertaining that its performance has not been significantly compromised by the scalar requirement. Experimental simulations on test sequences confirm the theoretical optimum results, and indirectly show that the simple statistical model used in the derivation is adequate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>