gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HermesC: RF wireless low-power neural recording system for freely behaving primates (2008)

Neural prosthetics for motor systems is a rapidly growing field with the potential to provide treatment for amputees or patients suffering from neurological injury and disease. To determine whether a physically active patient such as an amputee can take advantage of these systems, we seek to develop an animal model of freely moving humans. Therefore, we have developed and tested HermesC, a system for recording neural activity from electrode arrays implanted in rhesus monkeys and transmitting this data wirelessly. This system is based on the integrated neural interface (INI) microchip, which amplifies, digitizes, and transmits neural data across a ~900 MHz wireless channel. The wireless transmission has a range of ~4 m in free space. All together, this device consumes 11.7 mA from a 4.0 V lithium ion battery pack for a total of 46.8 mW. To test the performance, the device was used to record and telemeter one channel of broadband neural data at 15.7 kSps from one monkey doing various physical activities in a home cage, such as eating, climbing and swinging. The in-band noise of the recorded neural signal is 34 muVrms, which is low enough to allow the detection of neural units on an active electrode. This system can be readily upgraded to use future generations of the INI chip, with circuits providing 96 channels of programmable threshold crossing event data.
Bridgeless PFC boost rectifier with optimized magnetic utilization (2008)

An implementation of bridgeless PFC boost rectifier with low common-mode noise is presented. The proposed implementation employs a unique multiple-winding, multi-core inductor to increase the utilization of the magnetic material. The operation and performance of the circuit was verified on a 750-W, universal-line experimental prototype operating at 110 kHz.
Microcavity effects in organic semiconductors (1994)

Microcavity structures containing hydroxyquinoline aluminum and diamine layers commonly used in electroluminescent devices are described. We show that it is possible to obtain emission at red, green, and blue wavelengths by changing the thickness of a polyimide filler layer in the cavity. The angular dependence of the emission wavelength and linewidth are reported and the implications for organic electroluminescent color displays are discussed.
Expression cloning of cDNA encoding a seven-helix receptor from human placenta with affinity for opioid ligands. (1992)

Here we report the expression cloning of cDNA encoding a putative opioid receptor from a human placenta cDNA library. Placental opioid receptors are of the kappa type. As the dynorphin opioid peptides are kappa-selective, a dynorphin ligand was used in an affinity-enrichment (panning) procedure to select transiently transfected COS-7 cells expressing kappa receptor binding sites. The cloned cDNA encodes a 440-residue protein of the seven-helix guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptor family. Ligand binding reveals a stereospecific site with typical opioid properties, which binds peptide and nonpeptide opioids with moderate affinity (Kd approximately 100 nM) and which lacks the expected kappa selectivity. The deduced transmembrane domain is 93% identical to the homologous region of the human neuromedin K (neurokinin B) receptor, but the N-terminal and C-terminal sequences have many dissimilarities. The expressed receptor binds opioid ligands but not tachykinins; and under the same conditions, a cloned rat neuromedin K receptor binds tachykinins but not opioids.
Photogenerated Base in Resist and Imaging Materials:  Design of Functional Polymers Susceptible to Base Catalyzed Decarboxylation (1997)

A chemically amplified resist material consisting of poly[2-cyano-2-(p-vinylphenyl) butanoic acid] and bis[[(2-nitrobenzyl)oxy]carbonyl]hexane-1,6-diamine has been designed and tested in negative and positive tone imaging. The resist operates on the principle of base-catalyzed decarboxylation. Amine generated by exposure to UV radiation catalyzes the thermal loss of carbon dioxide from the polymer side chain thereby changing the solubility of the resist film in aqueous base developer. Image reversal is accomplished by in situ silylation of the exposed and thermolyzed film followed by dry development using an oxygen plasma. The resist shows high sensitivity to deep UV irradiation, ca. 10 mJ/cm2, while image contrast is excellent.
Noninvasive sheet charge density probe for integrated silicon devices (1986)

We report a sensitive new technique for probing dynamic sheet charge density variations in integrated silicon devices. Using a specially designed noninvasive Nomarski phase contrast interferometer a sheet charge density sensitivity of 2.6×108 e/cm2/(Hz)1/2 is extracted from experimental data for 1 mA of detected photocurrent. This charge density sensitivity makes possible μV signal level detection in an active device, and with digital signals the corresponding signal/noise level is sufficiently high that multimegabaud data can be captured in real time.
Studies on the induction of immunologic unresponsiveness. 3. Antigen form and mouse strain variation. (1969)

Summary The variation in the dose of ultracentrifuged human γ globulin (HGG) needed to produce an unresponsive state in different strains of inbred mice was shown to be the result of differences in the efficiency with which these strains process the trace amount of aggregated material remaining. Although mice from both C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ strains remove the aggregated material from the vascular fluids following injection of HGG, the BALB/cJ mice appear to process this material efficiently, and an immune response rather than an unresponsive state results. Conversely, C57BL/6J mice appear to process the aggregated material inefficiently, thus permitting the induction of unresponsiveness to the non-aggregated (tolerogenic) material. When the trace amount of aggregates was removed by salt fractionation, mice from both strains became unresponsive to small doses of HGG. The tolerogenic, deaggregated HGG was rendered immunogenic by chemical aggregation. The dose of HGG to which mice become unresponsive appears to be controlled by a genetic mechanism involving more than one gene. C57BL/6J mice readily became unresponsive following injections of deaggregated γG isolated from normal rabbit serum, but made an antibody response to γG (ALG) isolated from the sera of rabbits immunized with mouse thymus cells. Mice made unresponsive to deaggregated RγG did not lose their unresponsive state following injection of ALG. Within the limits of the test system that was used, no low-dose unresponsive state was observed in C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice injected with ultracentrifuged HGG.
Flowable networks as DNA sequencing media in capillary columns (1996)

A novel class of materials that self-assemble in water into equilibrium network structures with a well-defined mesh size consist of polyethylene glycols (PEG's) end-capped with micelle-forming fluorocarbon tails. These micellar systems form flowable aqueous gel-like networks that permit electrophoretic DNA sequencing in capillary columns. The gels have unusual rheological properties, including network breakdown under shear, resulting in plug flow that allows columns refill with complete ejection of byproducts of the previous sequencing analysis. In this system, DNA fragment electrophoretic mobilities are unaffected by the hydrophobicity of the polymer tails. Low molecular weight (M) PEG chains (M 8000) show catastrophic resolution loss for DNA fragments larger than 100 bases due to band broadening. For a longer PEG segment (M 35000) separating the end groups, band broadening occurs for DNA fragments larger than 300 bases, implying that the PEG segment length controls the mesh size in the equilibrium network structure. Optimum sequencing results were obtained from a 6% solution of a 1:1 mixture of C6F13 end-capped- and C8F17 end-capped PEG 35,000. The resolution limit of fluorescent-dye-labeled sequencing products in this formulation was 450 bases in 75 microns capillaries at 200 V/cm.
Preferred Orientation of Polycrystalline LiCoO[sub 2] Films (2000)

Polycrystalline films of LiCoO2 deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering exhibited a strong preferred orientation or texturing after annealing at 700 °C. For films thicker than about 1 μm, more than 90% of the grains were oriented with their (101) and (104) planes parallel to the substrate and less than 10% with their (003) planes parallel to the substrate. As the film thickness decreased below 1 μm, the percentage of (003)-oriented grains increased until at a thickness of about 0.05 μm, 100% of the grains were (003) oriented. These extremes in texturing were caused by the tendency to minimize volume strain energy for the thicker films or the surface energy for the very thin films. Films were deposited using different process gas mixtures and pressures, deposition rates, substrate temperatures, and substrate bias. Of these variables, only changes in substrate temperature could cause large changes in texturing of thick films from predominately (101)-(104) to (003). Although lithium ion diffusion should be much faster through cathodes with a high percentage of (101)- and (104)-oriented grains than through cathodes with predominately (003)-oriented grains, it was not possible to verify this expectation because the resistance of most cells was dominated by the electrolyte and electrolyte-cathode interface. Nonetheless, cells with cathodes thicker than about 2 μm could deliver more than 50% of their maximum energies at discharge rates of 5 mA/cm2 or higher.
γδ T cell Receptor Ligands and Modes of Antigen Recognition (2011)

T lymphocytes expressing the γδ-type of T cell receptors (TCRs) for antigens contribute to all aspects of immune responses, including defenses against viruses, bacteria, parasites and tumors, allergy and autoimmunity. Multiple subsets have been individualized in humans as well as in mice and they appear to recognize in a TCR-dependent manner antigens as diverse as small non-peptidic molecules, soluble or membrane-anchored polypeptides and molecules related to MHC antigens on cell surfaces, implying diverse modes of antigen recognition. We review here the γδ TCR ligands which have been identified along the years and their characteristics, with emphasis on a few systems which have been extensively studied such as human γδ T cells responding to phosphoantigens or murine γδ T cells activated by allogeneic MHC antigens. We discuss a speculative model of antigen recognition involving simultaneous TCR recognition of MHC-like and non-MHC ligands which could fit with most available data and shares many similarities with the classical model of MHC-restricted antigen recognition for peptides or lipids by T cells subsets with αβ-type TCRs.
Efficiency of enteral nitrogen support in surgical patients: small peptides v non-degraded proteins. (1990)

In a prospective study, 12 intensive care patients, after abdominal surgery, received three alternate six-day courses of two enteral diets with identical nitrogen (0.3 g N/kg per day) and energy (60 kcal/kg per day) supply. The protein hydrolysate (PH) diet contained enzyme-hydrolysed casein and lactoserum (60% small peptides), while the non-degraded protein (NDP) diet contained a nitrogen source of similar amino acid composition, but in the form of non-degraded proteins. The patients were randomised to receive either PH-NDP-PH or NDP-PH-NDP. Parameters reflecting protein metabolism were assessed in the plasma, urine, and stomal effluent on days 1, 6, 12, and 18, three hours after stopping the nutrition (t0), and one hour after restarting it (t1). Comparisons of t1 and t0 values showed that 13 amino acids (including the eight essential amino acids) increased significantly with the protein hydrolysate diet, but only two increased with the non-degraded protein diet. Similarly, with protein hydrolysate, insulin-aemia at t1 was significantly higher than at t0 and correlated with plasma leucine, phenylalanine, alanine, and lysine concentrations. In addition, significant improvements in plasma albumin, transferrin, and retinol binding protein concentrations were seen with protein hydrolysate, together with a significant decrease in the plasma phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio and urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion. We conclude that in patients in intensive care after abdominal surgery enteral support containing small peptides is more effective than an equivalent diet containing whole proteins in restoring plasma amino acid and protein levels.
Emission properties of Spindt-type cold cathodes with different emission cone material (1991)

Emission properties of thin film field emission array cathodes with molybdenum, hafnium, diamond-like carbon, and lanthanum hexaboride cones were investigated. Each array consisted of 681 holes and cones (microcells), spaced on 10- mu m centers on a silicon substrate. At work functions of more than 5 eV carbon cones had the lowest operating voltage-less than 50 V-due to the high value of the form factor of the cones, which have a sharp ribbed pyramidal shape. However, high current density was not achieved with such cathodes because of the low conductance of this type of diamond-like carbon. Different approaches to increase transconductance provided by one cell are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Propofol (Diprivan)--a new intravenous anesthetic with applications for outpatient ambulatory surgery. (1993)

A review of the literature pertaining to propofol (Diprivan) is presented. An overview of the drug's pharmaceutical aspects, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties, as well as its side effect profile are discussed. The qualities of Propofol make it an appealing alternative intravenous anesthetic for outpatient ambulatory surgery.
Missense, Nonsense, and Neutral Mutations Define Juxtaposed Regulatory Elements of Splicing in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Exon 9 (2003)

Exonic sequence variations may induce exon inclusion or exclusion from the mature mRNA by disrupting exonic regulatory elements and/or by affecting a nuclear reading frame scanning mechanism. We have carried out a systematic study of the effect on cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator exon 9 splicing of natural and site-directed sequence mutations. We have observed that changes in the splicing pattern were not related to the creation of premature termination codons, a fact that indicates the lack of a significant nuclear check of the reading frame in this system. In addition, the splice pattern could not be predicted by available Ser/Arg protein matrices score analysis. An extensive site-directed mutagenesis of the 3' portion of the exon has identified two juxtaposed splicing enhancer and silencer elements. The study of double mutants at these regulatory elements showed a complex regulatory activity. For example, one natural mutation (146C) enhances exon inclusion and overrides all of the downstream silencing mutations except for a C to G transversion (155G). This unusual effect is explained by the creation of a specific binding site for the inhibitory splicing factor hnRNPH. In fact, on the double mutant 146C-155G, the silencing effect is dominant. These results indicate a strict dependence between the two juxtaposed enhancer and silencer sequences and show that many point mutations in these elements cause changes in splicing efficiency by different mechanisms.
Effect of the morphology of Li–La–Zr–O solid electrolyte coating on the electrochemical performance of spinel LiMn1.95Ni0.05O3.98F0.02 cathode materials (2014)

LLZO coated LiMn<sub>1.95</sub>Ni<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>3.98</sub>F<sub>0.02</sub> with controllable microstructure and crystallinity was prepared and studied.
Collagen Autoimmune Arthritis (1984)

The evidence is now fairly conclusive that collagen-induced arthritis in rodents is mediated by antitype II collagen autoimmunity. Arthritis is probably initiated by binding of antibodies to the surface of intact articular cartilage. Many of the major manifestations of arthritis, including synovial proliferation, pannus formation, marginal erosion of bone, and destruction of cartilage, can be duplicated by injection of isolated antitype II collagen antibodies. It is not known whether delayed hypersensitivity reactions to collagen can provoke similar lesions in the absence of antibody, but circumstantial evidence suggests they do not. Also clear is that not all anticollagen antibodies are capable of inducing arthritis. The minimal requirements for arthritogenic potential are currently under investigation but probably include the ability to bind native autologous type II collagen. Also IgM antibodies alone are either ineffective or are required in relatively higher concentrations than IgG for induction of arthritis. Autoimmunity to collagen is found in many spontaneous and induced rheumatic diseases other than collagen-induced arthritis. There is at present, however, no direct evidence that this autoimmunity actually contributes to the arthritic process. Nevertheless, the human disease most often associated with collagen autoimmunity is rheumatoid arthritis. In many respects the immune reactions detected in humans with rheumatoid arthritis parallel those of arthritis in rodents. That is, responsiveness is under the control of genes within or linked to the major histocompatibility locus. High responders are limited to only a few haplotypes. Cell-mediated reactions are most vigorous in response to denatured collagen and probably have limited specificity for the type of collagen recognized. Antibodies may be separated into at least two groups, one with broad specificity for denatured collagen and a second highly specific for conformation-dependent determinants on native type II collagen. The latter antibodies are of most interest to researchers because they may be like those that induce arthritis in rodents. There is also ample evidence that antibodies are deposited in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients, although the specificity of these antibodies is unknown. Generally, collagen-induced arthritis is a model of antibody-initiated autoimmunity arthritis. Specifically, it is a model of type II collagen autoimmune arthritis. In consideration of its extraarticular manifestations, it may justifiably be referred to as type II collagen autoimmune disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Inhibitors of Fibrinolysis Are Elevated in Atherosclerotic Plaque (1996)

The proteins of the fibrinolytic system have been examined in the human normal and atherosclerotic arterial wall by immunohistochemical techniques and by quantitative immunoassay of extracts. The concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) increased significantly during the progression from normal vessels to fatty streaks to the developed atherosclerotic plaque. Staining for PAI-1 was strongly positive, particularly in the areas adjacent to the plaque. In these areas, PAI-1 appeared to colocalized with its binding protein vitronectin. Alpha2-antiplasmin (alpha2-AP) was present in the aorta at even higher concentrations than PAI-1; a small but significant increase was seen in some atherosclerotic compared with normal vessel walls. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) showed the opposite trend, being lowest in lesions with plaque. Thus, higher concentrations of the two principal inhibitors of fibrinolysis, PAI-1 and alpha2-AP, together with lower levels of TPA, are characteristic of advanced atheromatous lesions. Alteration in the balance of the fibrinolytic system, favoring its inhibition, may predispose to the development or maintenance of atherosclerotic plaque.
Transduction of circular membrane ruffling by the platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor is dependent on its kinase insert. (1992)

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) alpha- and beta-receptors both mediate a mitogenic response, but only the beta-receptor mediates circular actin reorganization and chemotaxis. The tyrosine kinase domains of the receptors contain noncatalytic inserts of about 100 residues. In order to determine the role of these domains in the differential signaling of the two receptors, we constructed chimeric PDGF receptors and expressed the constructs in porcine aortic endothelial cells. The chimeric receptors were similar to the wild-type receptors in their ability to induce mitogenicity in response to ligand. Examination of receptor-associated substrates by in vitro kinase assays revealed that phosphoproteins of 72 and 110 kilodaltons were associated with the kinase insert of the alpha-receptor, whereas a phosphoprotein of 130 kilodaltons was associated with the kinase insert of the beta-receptor. Actin reorganization in the form of circular membrane ruffling was seen after ligand stimulation of the beta-receptor and the alpha-receptor containing the beta-receptor kinase insert but not after stimulation of the alpha-receptor or the beta-receptor containing the alpha-receptor kinase insert. These data indicate that the PDGF beta-receptor kinase insert has an essential function in the signal transduction pathway leading to circular membrane ruffling.
The effect of liposomal charge on the neutralizing antibody response against inactivated encephalomyocarditis and Semliki Forest viruses. (1984)

The primary neutralizing antibody response to encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus and Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is enhanced by addition of either negatively or positively charged liposomes. The purified u.v. light inactivated viruses were merely mixed with liposomes and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into mice. In contrast, neutral liposomes were unable to enhance the primary response to these viruses. Furthermore primary immunization with inactivated SFV mixed with either neutral, positively or negatively charged liposomes was associated with an enhancement of the secondary humoral response after i.p. booster injection of mice with inactivated virus alone. But neutral liposomes seemed to be less effective in this respect than either positively or negatively charged liposomes.
Efficient representation scheme for multidimensional array operations (2002)

Array operations are used in a large number of important scientific codes. To implement these array operations efficiently, many methods have been proposed in the literature, most of which are focused on two-dimensional arrays. When extended to higher dimensional arrays, these methods usually do not perform well. Hence, designing efficient algorithms for multidimensional array operations becomes an important issue. We propose a new scheme, extended Karnaugh map representation (EKMR), for the multidimensional array representation. The main idea of the EKMR scheme is to represent a multidimensional array by a set of two-dimensional arrays. Hence, efficient algorithm design for multidimensional array operations becomes less complicated. To evaluate the proposed scheme, we design efficient algorithms for multidimensional array operations, matrix-matrix addition/subtraction and matrix-matrix multiplications, based on the EKMR and the traditional matrix representation (TMR) schemes. Theoretical and experimental tests for these array operations were conducted. In the experimental test, we compare the performance of intrinsic functions provided by the Fortran 90 compiler with those based on the EKMR scheme. The experimental results show that the algorithms based on the EKMR scheme outperform those based on the TMR scheme and those provided by the Fortran 90 compiler.