gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enkephalins Are Transported by a Novel Eukaryotic Peptide Uptake System (2000)

We have identified an oligopeptide transporter in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which mediates the uptake of tetra- and pentapeptides, including the endogenous opioids leucine enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu) and methionine enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met). The transporter is encoded by the gene OPT1. Yeast expressing OPT1 can utilize enkephalins to satisfy amino acid auxotrophic requirements for growth. The transport of radiolabeled leucine enkephalin exhibits saturable kinetics, with a K(m) of 310 microM. Transport activity is optimum at acidic pH and sensitive to reagents which uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting an energy dependence on the proton gradient. Growth, transport, and chromatographic data indicate that leucine enkephalin is not hydrolyzed in the extracellular medium and as such is translocated intact across the cell membrane. The system is specific for tetra- and pentapeptides and can be inhibited by the opioid receptor antagonists naloxone and naltrexone. To date, this is the first example of a eukaryotic transport system which can use enkephalins as a substrate, opening the possibility that a homologue exists in higher eukaryotes.
A combination of concave/convex surfaces for field-enhancement optimization: the indented nanocone (2012)

We introduce a design strategy to maximize the Near Field (NF) enhancement near plasmonic antennas. We start by identifying and studying the basic electromagnetic effects that contribute to the electric near field enhancement. Next, we show how the concatenation of a convex and a concave surface allows merging all the effects on a single, continuous nanoantenna. As an example of this NF maximization strategy, we engineer a nanostructure, the indented nanocone. This structure, combines all the studied NF maximization effects with a synergistic boost provided by a Fano-like interference effect activated by the presence of the concave surface. As a result, the antenna exhibits a NF amplitude enhancement of ~ 800, which transforms into ~1600 when coupled to a perfect metallic surface. This strong enhancement makes the proposed structure a robust candidate to be used in field enhancement based technologies. Further elaborations of the concept may produce even larger and more effective enhancements.
Pilot study to evaluate the safety and feasibility of intracoronary CD133+ and CD133− CD34+ cell therapy in patients with nonviable anterior myocardial infarction (2007)

Intracoronary infusion of selected CD133(+) and CD133(-)CD34(+) progenitor cells to a previously infarcted and nonviable anterior wall is safe, and results in sustained improvement in segmental myocardial perfusion and in favorable left ventricular remodeling.
Functional analysis of antibacterial activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens phage endolysin against Gram‐negative bacteria (2001)

To analyze the antibacterial activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens phage endolysin, nine deletion derivatives of the endolysin were constructed. Each deletion mutant was overexpressed, purified and characterized. The catalytic domain was located on the N-terminal region and the C-terminus had an affinity with the bacterial envelope. The enzymatic activity remained in spite of the deletion of the C-terminal 116-amino acid region; however, the antibacterial activity was lost. These results indicate that antibacterial action requires both the C-terminal cell-binding and the N-terminal enzymatic activities.
Laser catheter coagulation of atrial myocardium for ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: First clinical experience (1997)

A new technique for ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, using catheter-directed continuous wave Nd-YAG laser light, 1064 nm, via a novel pin-electrode laser catheter, was applied in 10 patients aged 15-63 years (mean 43 years). A total of 22 laser pulses, 1-5 per patient, at 20 or 30 W, of 10-45 s (mean 27 s) were aimed at the postero-inferior aspect of the tricuspid annulus. In all patients the tachycardia was rendered non-inducible at baseline as well as during orciprenaline administration. The amplitudes of the local atrial potentials diminished from 2.0 +/- 0.5 before to 0.4 +/- 0.4 mV after ablation, atrio-His intervals increased from 73 +/- 7 to 157 +/- 36 ms. Anterograde atrioventricular nodal refractory periods (212 +/- 31 vs 238 +/- 31 ms) and Wenckebach rate (174 +/- 8 vs 167 +/- 8 beats.min-1) did not change significantly (P > 0.05). There were no complications or recurrent arrhythmias in a follow-up of 12-35 (mean 27) months. Anatomically guided laser catheter coagulation of the postero-inferior aspect of the tricuspid valve ring is a safe and effective method for the cure of patients with common atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia.
pdc1(0) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae give evidence for an additional structural PDC gene: cloning of PDC5, a gene homologous to PDC1 (1990)

The PDC1 gene coding for a pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC; EC 4.1.1.1) was deleted from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. The resulting pdc1(0) mutants were able to grow on glucose and still contained 60 to 70% of the wild-type PDC activity. Two DNA fragments with sequences homologous to that of the PDC1 gene were cloned from the yeast genome. One of the cloned genes (PDC5) was expressed at high rates predominantly in pdc1(0) strains and probably encodes the remaining PDC activity in these strains. Expression from the PDC1 promoter in PDC1 wild-type and pdc1(0) strains was examined by the use of two reporter genes. Deletion of PDC1 led to increased expression of the two reporter genes regardless of whether the fusions were integrated into the genome or present on autonomously replicating plasmids. The results suggested that this effect was due to feedback regulation of the PDC1 promoter-driven expression in S. cerevisiae pdc1(0) strains. The yeast PDC1 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, leading to an active PDC. This result shows that the PDC1-encoded subunit alone can form an active tetramer without yeast-specific processing steps.
Planar microcoil-based magnetic resonance imaging of cells (2004)

We report magnetic resonance images of biological cells and cellular aggregates obtained in vitro using high-Q factor microfabricated planar coils at 500 MHz. An image of a /spl sim/1 mm diameter frog oocyte is acquired using a 500-/spl mu/m microcoil, high-resolution images of intact mouse pancreatic islets(/spl sim/100 /spl mu/m size) are successfully acquired for the first time. Due to their planer nature, compatibility with on-chip cell culturing methods and enhanced sensitivity for microscopic samples, micromachined coils will prove essential to perform further Magnetic Resonance studies at the cellular level.
The effects of changing dairy intake on trans and saturated fatty acid levels- results from a randomized controlled study (2014)

ACTRN12612000574842.
Cluster merging and splitting in hierarchical clustering algorithms (2003)

Hierarchical clustering constructs a hierarchy of clusters by either repeatedly merging two smaller clusters into a larger one or splitting a larger cluster into smaller ones. The crucial step is how to best select the next cluster(s) to split or merge. We provide a comprehensive analysis of selection methods and propose several new methods. We perform extensive clustering experiments to test 8 selection methods, and find that the average similarity is the best method in divisive clustering and the minmax linkage is the best in agglomerative clustering. Cluster balance is a key factor to achieve good performance. We also introduce the concept of objective function saturation and clustering target distance to effectively assess the quality of clustering.
Synchronization and control of supermedia transmission via the Internet (2002)

The growth of the Internet has been accompanied by an increase in its application. Many new Internet based applications have been introduced during the past decade. One of the most interesting of these is teleoperation, where the Internet is used as a bridge between operators and machines. The operator sends commands and receives visual and haptic feedback. Collectively, we refer to all those streams as supermedia. Teleoperation over the Internet comes with several problems: delay, lost packets and disconnection. All of these limitations may cause instability and desynchronization in teleoperation systems especially if those systems include haptic feedback. Most of the previous work in Internet based teleoperation rests on many limiting assumptions: for example, time delay is constant or has an upper bound, control is not in real-time. This paper presents a new real-time haptic feedback system that deals with these limitations and difficulties without any assumptions made regarding the time delay. The approach is based on event based control, which has been implemented on a mobile robot and a mobile manipulator over the Internet.
A 3.6 $\mu$s Latency Asynchronous Frame-Free Event-Driven Dynamic-Vision-Sensor (2011)

This paper presents a 128 × 128 dynamic vision sensor. Each pixel detects temporal changes in the local illumination. A minimum illumination temporal contrast of 10% can be detected. A compact preamplification stage has been introduced that allows to improve the minimum detectable contrast over previous designs, while at the same time reducing the pixel area by 1/3. The pixel responds to illumination changes in less than 3.6 μs. The ability of the sensor to capture very fast moving objects, rotating at 10 K revolutions per second, has been verified experimentally. A frame-based sensor capable to achieve this, would require at least 100 K frames per second.
Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States: Part II (2007)

Estimates for many specific rheumatic conditions rely on a few, small studies of uncertain generalizability to the US population. This report provides the best available prevalence estimates for the US, but for most specific conditions more studies generalizable to the US or addressing understudied populations are needed.
Diminished Lipoxin Biosynthesis in Severe Asthma (2005)

Mechanisms underlying airway responses in severe asthma include underproduction of lipoxins. This is the first report of a defect in lipoxin biosynthesis in severe asthma, and suggests an alternative therapeutic strategy that emphasizes natural counterregulatory pathways in the airways.
Internet vulnerabilities related to TCP/IP and T/TCP (1999)

The Internet put the rest of the world at the reach of our computers. In the same way it also made our computers reachable by the rest of the world. Good news and bad news! Over the last decade, the Internet has been subject to widespread security attacks. Besides the classical terms, new ones had to be found in order to designate a large collection of threats: Worms, break-ins, hackers, crackers, hijacking, phrackers, spoofing, man-in-the-middle, password-sniffing, denial-of-service , and so on.Since the Internet was born of academic efforts to share information, it never strove for high security measures. In fact in some of its components, security was consciously traded for easiness in sharing. Although the advent of electronic commerce has pushed for "real security" in the Internet, there are still a large number of users (including computer scientists) that are very vulnerable to attacks, mostly because they are not aware of the nature (and ease) of the attacks and still believe that a "good" password is all they need to be concerned about.Aiming for a better understanding of the subject, we wrote a first paper [1] in which we discussed several threats and attacks related to TCP/IP . The present work is an extension of the first one, and its main goal is to include T/TCP in the discussion. Additionally, in an effort to make this paper more comprehensive, we included some sections from the former.Besides the description of each attack (the what ), we also discuss the way they are carried out (the how ) and, when possible, the related means of prevention, detection and/or defense.
Nucleotide sequence and expression of a novel human receptor-type tyrosine kinase gene (flt) closely related to the fms family. (1990)

A new human gene encoding a receptor-type tyrosine kinase was isolated by a weak cross-hybridization with v-ros oncogene. A cDNA of about 7.7 kb carried a 4.2 kb open reading frame, and the predicted amino acid sequence of 1338 residues contained extracellular, transmembrane and tyrosine kinase domains. Although its extracellular domain is approximately 220 amino acids longer than those of the products of the fms family, i.e. c-fms, c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptor genes, the overall structure including cysteine motifs in its extracellular domain and a long peptide insertion in its tyrosine kinase domain indicates that this new gene is closely related to the fms family. Consequently, the gene was designated as flt (fms-like tyrosine kinase) gene. The expression of the flt gene was strongly suppressed in most of the tumor cell lines examined so far, whereas this mRNA was expressed in a variety of normal tissues of adult rat.
Sub-100 nm gate length metal gate NMOS transistors fabricated by a replacement gate process (2002)

A novel replacement gate design with 1.5-3 nm oxide or remote plasma nitrided oxide gate insulators for sub-100 nm Al/TiN or W/TiN metal gate nMOSFETs is demonstrated. The source/drain regions are self-aligned to a poly gate which is later replaced by the metal gate. This allows the temperatures after metal gate definition to be limited to 450/spl deg/C. Compared to pure SiO/sub 2/, the nitrided oxides provide increased capacitance with less penalty in increased gate current. A saturation transconductance (g/sub m/) of 1000 mS/mm is obtained for L/sub gate/=70 nm and t/sub OX/=1.5 nm. Peak cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) of 120 GHz and a low minimum noise figure (NF/sub min/) of 0.5 dB with associated gain of 19 dB are obtained for t/sub OX/=2 nm and L/sub gate/=80 nm.
Capturing sensor-generated time series with quality guarantees (2004)

We are interested in capturing time series generated by small wireless electronic sensors. Battery-operated sensors must avoid heavy use of their wireless radio which is a key cause of energy dissipation. When many sensors transmit, the resources of the recipient of the data are taxed; hence, limiting communication will benefit the recipient as well. We show how time series generated by sensors can be captured and stored in a database system (archive). Sensors compress time series instead of sending them in raw form. We propose an optimal online algorithm for constructing a piecewise constant approximation (PCA) of a time series which guarantees that the compressed representation satisfies an error bound on the L/sub /spl infin// distance. In addition to the capture task, we often want to estimate the values of a time series ahead of time, e.g., to answer real-time queries. To achieve this, sensors may fit predictive models on observed data, sending parameters of these models to the archive. We exploit the interplay between prediction and compression in a unified framework that avoids duplicating effort and leads to reduced communication.
Dynamic axial fixation. A rational alternative for the external fixation of fractures. (1986)

Conventional external fixation systems neither inhibit motion at the fracture site sufficiently to permit primary bone healing, nor do they allow sufficient motion to encourage adequate external callus formation. Healing with such systems is therefore prolonged. These methods are usually reserved for the most severe fractures when internal fixation may be contraindicated. A unilateral, dynamic axial fixation system (Orthofix - registered trademark) is described which allows for simple conversion from a rigid to a dynamic mode, and so can be readily adapted to the changing physiological patterns of fracture repair. In 288 fresh fractures a success rate of 94% was achieved, with an average time to healing of 4.4 months. The incidence of pin-track infection was only 0.6%. The contribution which the mechanical and design features of the apparatus make to the results obtained is discussed. It is suggested that the system is capable of extending the range of indications for an externally mounted system to include many cases which would formerly have been treated by internal fixation, plaster cast or traction.
Reversible Switching of Ultrastrong Light-Molecule Coupling (2011)

We demonstrate that photochromic molecules enable switching from the weak- to ultrastrong-coupling regime reversibly, by using all-optical control. This switch is achieved by photochemically inducing conformational changes in the molecule. Remarkably, a Rabi splitting of 700 meV is measured at room temperature, corresponding to 32% of the molecular transition energy. A similar coupling strength is demonstrated in a plasmonic structure. Such systems present a unique combination of coupling strength and functional capacities.
EFFECT OF ANTI-IL-6 AND ANTI-10 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES ON THE SUPPRESSION OF THE NORMAL T LYMPHOCYTE MITOGENIC RESPONSE BY STEADY STATE SICKLE CELL DISEASE SERA (2001)

Previously published work has shown that sera from healthy sickle cell disease (SCD) patients inhibits normal lymphocyte mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro. The current study is to attempt to ascertain what effect antibody to type 2 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6 and 10, have on the suppression of lymphocyte PHA response by SCD sera. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), separated by density gradient were obtained from 2 healthy normal donors. Sera from 50 healthy SCD patients, 50 normal healthy controls and pooled normal O, Rh+ (O+) sera were utilized in standard in vitro PHA stimulation of PBMC cultures. Mitogenic responses were expressed as mean counts per minute (cpm) of triplicate cultures. Fifty triplicate cultures of PHA stimulated normal PBMC were done with 10% normal pooled O+, normal control and SCD steady state sera only. In addition 50 cultures were done with SCD sera containing 1 microg/ml of anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody, as well as 28 SCD serum cultures containing 1 microg/ml of anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody. The final 11 SCD serum culture experiments contained a combination of both anti-IL-6 and anti-IL-10 antibody, each at the concentration of 1 microg/ml. Results revealed > 15% suppression of mitogenic response in the SCD sera supplemented cultures as compared to control sera in 47/50 (94%) and in 40/50 (80%) of normal pooled O+, as calculated by mean cpm. The degree of suppression ranged from 17% to 98% in individual experiments. The addition of anti IL-6 antibody alone significantly improved mean cpm (> 20%) in 19/50 (38%) of SCD serum responses compared to O+ sera and 23/50 (46%) of control sera. Complete correction occurred in 9/50 (18%) of all SCD serum suppressions as compared to O+ sera and 6/50 (12%) when compared to control sera. Similarly, anti-IL-10 antibody decreased suppression of the mean cpm of SCD serum cultures in 18/28 (64%) and completely corrected 3/18 (11%). The combined antibody data revealed >20% increase in mean cpm in 10/11(91%) experiments. Inhibitors of mitogenic response were present in a significant percentage of the SCD sera utilized in the present study. The significant corrective effects of both monoclonal antibodies would seem to support the original hypothesis that high circulating levels of type 2 cytokines may represent the cell-mediated dependent inhibitory factors expressed in the sera of many healthy SCD patients.
IL-18 Receptor β-Induced Changes in the Presentation of IL-18 Binding Sites Affect Ligand Binding and Signal Transduction (2003)

IL-18 is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in induction of inflammatory mediators, regulation of the cytotoxic activity of NK cells and T cells, and differentiation and activation of both Th1 and Th2 cells. IL-18 signals through its specific cell surface receptor IL-18R, which comprises two subunits: IL-18R alpha and IL-18R beta. IL-18R alpha alone has a weak affinity for IL-18 binding, while the IL-18R alpha/beta complex has a high affinity. By using several anti-IL-18 mAbs and IL-18 binding protein, we have examined whether these site-specific inhibitors could block the binding of IL-18 to IL-18R alpha and to the IL-18R alpha/beta complex. Here we show that IL-18 binding to IL-18R alpha was inhibited by a neutralizing mAb, 125-2H, while binding of IL-18 to the alpha/beta receptor complex was not. This suggests that IL-18R beta-induced conformational changes may occur in IL-18R alpha upon dimerization, leading to changes in the presentation of IL-18 binding sites. Epitope mapping of 125-2H using human-mouse IL-18 chimeras identified a region in IL-18 that was required for 125-2H recognition. This region, as examined by IL-18R binding and functional analysis, appeared to be critical for triggering signal transduction through the heterodimeric receptor.
Memantine lowers amyloid‐β peptide levels in neuronal cultures and in APP/PS1 transgenic mice (2009)

Memantine is a moderate-affinity, uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that stabilizes cognitive, functional, and behavioral decline in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, the extracellular deposition of fibrillogenic amyloid-beta peptides (Abeta) occurs as a result of aberrant processing of the full-length Abeta precursor protein (APP). Memantine protects neurons from the neurotoxic effects of Abeta and improves cognition in transgenic mice with high brain levels of Abeta. However, it is unknown how memantine protects cells against neurodegeneration and affects APP processing and Abeta production. We report the effects of memantine in three different systems. In human neuroblastoma cells, memantine, at therapeutically relevant concentrations (1-4 muM), decreased levels of secreted APP and Abeta(1-40). Levels of the potentially amylodogenic Abeta(1-42) were undetectable in these cells. In primary rat cortical neuronal cultures, memantine treatment lowered Abeta(1-42) secretion. At the concentrations used, memantine treatment was not toxic to neuroblastoma or primary cultures and increased cell viability and/or metabolic activity under certain conditions. In APP/presenilin-1 (PS1) transgenic mice exhibiting high brain levels of Abeta(1-42), oral dosing of memantine (20 mg/kg/day for 8 days) produced a plasma drug concentration of 0.96 microM and significantly reduced the cortical levels of soluble Abeta(1-42). The ratio of Abeta(1-40)/Abeta(1-42) increased in treated mice, suggesting effects on the gamma-secretase complex. Thus, memantine reduces the levels of Abeta peptides at therapeutic concentrations and may inhibit the accumulation of fibrillogenic Abeta in mammalian brains. Memantine's ability to preserve neuronal cells against neurodegeneration, to increase metabolic activity, and to lower Abeta level has therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative disorders.