gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time Evolution of the Nanoparticle Protein Corona (2010)

In this work, we explore the formation of the protein corona after exposure of metallic Au nanoparticles (NPs), with sizes ranging from 4 to 40 nm, to cell culture media containing 10% of fetal bovine serum. Under in vitro cell culture conditions, zeta potential measurements, UV−vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope analysis were used to monitor the time evolution of the inorganic NP−protein corona formation and to characterize the stability of the NPs and their surface state at every stage of the experiment. As expected, the red-shift of the surface plasmon resonance peak, as well as the drop of surface charge and the increase of the hydrodynamic diameter indicated the conjugation of proteins to NPs. Remarkably, an evolution from a loosely attached toward an irreversible attached protein corona over time was observed. Mass spectrometry of the digested protein corona revealed albumin as the most abundant component which suggests an improved biocompatibility.
Daily headaches due to medication overuse (2003)

Headaches are one of the most common problems that cause people visit a physician. Some people who have headaches off and on can develop a different type of daily headache that is caused by some of the medications used to treat their original, episodic headache. This is called medication overuse headache (MOH).

### Treatment for MOH

The main treatment for MOH is to stop the medication that is being overused. Katsarava and colleagues in this issue of Neurology studied a group of 96 patients with daily headaches caused by medication overuse that had over a 50% reduction in headache days 1 month after withdrawal of medication. Of this group, 71% had migraines, 14% had tension-type headaches, and 15% had a combination of the two. The medications being overused by patients were divided into three groups: pain medication (48%), ergots (13%), and triptans (39%). Pain medications are used to treat the pain symptoms of the headache. The ergots and triptan drugs are used to abort or stop the headache but are not pain medications.

### Risk Factors for MOH Relapse

Patients were followed-up at both 6 and 12 months after withdrawal of their medication. Seventy-nine of the original patients were available for …
Collateral Growth and Angiogenesis Around Cortical Stroke (2001)

Background and Purpose — We tested the hypothesis that there are significant long-term local vascular changes after ministroke that could form a basis for functional recovery. Methods — A 6- to 8-mm cranial window was opened over the barrel cortex, which was identified by an intrinsic optical signal during mechanical stimulation of the whiskers in anesthetized female Wistar rats. Branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) to this region were ligated. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) transits were recorded by videomicroscopy in each rat just before, immediately after, and 30 days after ligation. Changes in surface vessels and parenchymal perfusion were measured. In similarly prepared rats, angiogenesis was identified by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine labeling and immunohistochemistry for the integrin family member α v β 3 . Results — The intrinsic optical signal disappeared immediately after MCA ligations. FITC injection just after ligation demonstrated 3 concentric regions: 1 region of unchanged perfusion, surrounding 1 region of reduced perfusion (the ischemic border) surrounding a central core with little observable perfusion. At 30 days, the following had taken place: (1) diameters and lengths of surface collaterals in the ischemic border had grown significantly, but no new surface vessels were detected, (2) FITC entered occluded MCA segments, (3) arteriocapillary latencies in the ischemic border were shortened compared with latencies just after ligation, and (4) small infarcts were virtually identical to the poorly perfused core. Angiogenesis was confined to the ischemic border. Conclusions — Arteriolar collateral growth and new capillaries support restored perfusion in the ischemic border after ministroke and could support long-term functional recovery.
Peptidoglycan composition of a highly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. The role of penicillin binding protein 2A. (1992)

All clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contain an extra penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2A in addition to four PBPs present in all staphylococcal strains. This extra PBP is thought to be a transpeptidase essential for the continued cell wall synthesis and growth in the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics. As an approach of testing this hypothesis we compared the muropeptide composition of cell walls of a highly methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain containing PBP2A and its isogenic Tn551 derivative with reduced methicillin resistance, which contained no PBP2A because of the insertional inactivation of the PBP2A gene. Purified cell walls were hydrolyzed into muropeptides which were subsequently resolved by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by chemical and mass spectrometric analysis. The peptidoglycan composition of the two strains were identical. Both peptidoglycans were highly cross-linked mainly through pentaglycine cross-bridges, although other, chemically distinct peptide cross-bridges were also present including mono-, tri-, and tetraglycine; alanine; and alanyl-tetraglycine. Our experiments provided no experimental data for a unique transpeptidase activity associated with PBP2A.
Prominin, a novel microvilli-specific polytopic membrane protein of the apical surface of epithelial cells, is targeted to plasmalemmal protrusions of non-epithelial cells (1997)

Using a new mAb raised against the mouse neuroepithelium, we have identified and cDNA-cloned prominin, an 858-amino acid-containing, 115-kDa glycoprotein. Prominin is a novel plasma membrane protein with an N-terminal extracellular domain, five transmembrane segments flanking two short cytoplasmic loops and two large glycosylated extracellular domains, and a cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. DNA sequences from Caenorhabditis elegans predict the existence of a protein with the same features, suggesting that prominin is conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates. Prominin is found not only in the neuroepithelium but also in various other epithelia of the mouse embryo. In the adult mouse, prominin has been detected in the brain ependymal layer, and in kidney tubules. In these epithelia, prominin is specific to the apical surface, where it is selectively associated with microvilli and microvilli-related structures. Remarkably, upon expression in CHO cells, prominin is preferentially localized to plasma membrane protrusions such as filopodia, lamellipodia, and microspikes. These observations imply that prominin contains information to be targeted to, and/or retained in, plasma membrane protrusions rather than the planar cell surface. Moreover, our results show that the mechanisms underlying targeting of membrane proteins to microvilli of epithelial cells and to plasma membrane protrusions of non-epithelial cells are highly related.
The Pharmacologic Activity of Ketorolac Tromethamine (1990)

Ketorolac tromethamine is a highly potent member of a class of compounds having both analgesic and antiinflammatory activity. In animal pain models using underlying inflammation, ketorolac markedly inhibited the pain response and increased the pain threshold; it did not exhibit any narcotic or central nervous system depressant effects. It was also active in rat models of acute and chronic inflammation and pyresis. These activities are mediated primarily by potent prostaglandin cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity. Mild central nervous system and cardiovascular effects occurred only at doses far greater than those required for analgesic and antiinflammatory activity. Solutions of ketorolac tromethamine are not irritating. When given intramuscularly to rabbits (0.31-5% solutions), no drug-related irritation or changes in serum creatine phosphokinase were seen. The agent was not irritating when applied to the skin or eyes (less than or equal to 0.5% solutions) of animals.
Green-noise digital halftoning (1998)

In this paper, we introduce the concept of green noise-the multifrequency component of white noise-and its advantages over blue noise for digital halftoning. Unlike blue-noise dither patterns, which are composed exclusively of isolated pixels, green-noise dither patterns are composed of pixel-clusters making them less susceptible to image degradation from nonideal printing artifacts such as dot-gain. Although they are not the only techniques which generate clustered halftones, error-diffusion with output-dependent feedback and variations based on filter weight perturbation are shown to be good generators of green noise, thereby allowing for tunable coarseness. Using statistics developed for blue noise, we closely examine the spectral content of resulting dither patterns. We introduce two spatial-domain statistics for analyzing the spatial arrangement of pixels in aperiodic dither patterns, because green noise patterns may be anisotropic, and therefore spectral statistics based on radial averages may be inappropriate for the study of these patterns.
Exploring RNA transcription and turnover in vivo by using click chemistry (2008)

We describe a chemical method to detect RNA synthesis in cells, based on the biosynthetic incorporation of the uridine analog 5-ethynyluridine (EU) into newly transcribed RNA, on average once every 35 uridine residues in total RNA. EU-labeled cellular RNA is detected quickly and with high sensitivity by using a copper (I)-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction (often referred to as "click" chemistry) with fluorescent azides, followed by microscopic imaging. We demonstrate the use of this method in cultured cells, in which we examine the turnover of bulk RNA after EU pulses of varying lengths. We also use EU to assay transcription rates of various tissues in whole animals, both on sections and by whole-mount staining. We find that total transcription rates vary greatly among different tissues and among different cell types within organs.
Blue cones and cone bipolar cells share transcriptional specificity as determined by expression of human blue visual pigment-derived transgenes (1994)

Sequences 5' of the human blue visual pigment gene have been assayed in transgenic mice for their ability to direct cell-type-specific expression of linked beta-galactosidase (lacZ) and placental alkaline phosphatase (P ALP1) reporters. Constructs containing either 5.4 kilobases (kb) or 0.47 kb of 5' flanking DNA direct expression exclusively to the retina. Within the retina, transgene expression is confined to blue cones and cone bipolar cells, as determined, respectively, by double labeling with anti-cone pigment antibodies and by morphologic analyses. These results imply that blue cones and cone bipolar cells have partially overlapping transcriptional specificities.
Interventions Shown to Aid Executive Function Development in Children 4 to 12 Years Old (2011)

To be successful takes creativity, flexibility, self-control, and discipline. Central to all those are executive functions, including mentally playing with ideas, giving a considered rather than an impulsive response, and staying focused. Diverse activities have been shown to improve children's executive functions: computerized training, noncomputerized games, aerobics, martial arts, yoga, mindfulness, and school curricula. All successful programs involve repeated practice and progressively increase the challenge to executive functions. Children with worse executive functions benefit most from these activities; thus, early executive-function training may avert widening achievement gaps later. To improve executive functions, focusing narrowly on them may not be as effective as also addressing emotional and social development (as do curricula that improve executive functions) and physical development (shown by positive effects of aerobics, martial arts, and yoga).
A Single Receptor Binds Both Insulin-Like Growth Factor II and Mannose-6-Phosphate (1988)

Amino acid sequences deduced from rat complementary DNA clones encoding the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) receptor closely resemble those of the bovine cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (Man-6-P receptorCI), suggesting they are identical structures. It is also shown that IGF-II receptors are adsorbed by immobilized pentamannosyl-6-phosphate and are specifically eluted with Man-6-P. Furthermore, Man-6-P specifically increases by about two times the apparent affinity of the purified rat placental receptor for 125I-labeled IGF-II. These results indicate that the type II IGF receptor contains cooperative, high-affinity binding sites for both IGF-II and Man-6-P-containing proteins.
Bidirectional mode-locked fiber ring laser using self-regenerative, passively controlled, threshold gating (2010)

We demonstrate a technique to achieve bidirectional mode locking of a fiber ring laser using two amplitude modulators passively driven by a signal regenerated from the oscillation of the laser itself. The new scheme allows generation of two independent-frequency unlocked-countercirculating pulses and active control of their crossing points. The technique minimizes the effects of the dead band associated with crossing at a scattering media. Results show stable bidirectional pulses at a 5MHz repetition rate with no detectable dead band.
7-Azaindole. I. Synthesis and Conversion to 7-Azatryptophan and Other Derivatives (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT7-Azaindole. I. Synthesis and Conversion to 7-Azatryptophan and Other DerivativesMichael M. Robinson and Bonnie L. RobisonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 2, 457–460Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01607a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01607a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1001Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mismatched human leukocyte antigen class II‐restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T cells may mediate selective graft‐versus‐leukemia effects following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (2011)

Partial human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is often performed when an HLA-matched donor is not available. In these cases, CD8(+) or CD4(+) T cell responses are induced depending on the mismatched HLA class I or II allele(s). Herein, we report on an HLA-DRB1*08:03-restricted CD8(+) CTL clone, named CTL-1H8, isolated from a patient following an HLA-DR-mismatched HSCT from his brother. Lysis of a patient Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell line (B-LCL) by CTL-1H8 was inhibited after the addition of blocking antibodies against HLA-DR and CD8, whereas antibodies against pan-HLA class I or CD4 had no effect. The 1H8-CTL clone did not lyse the recipient dermal fibroblasts whose HLA-DRB1*08:03 expression was upregulated after 1 week cytokine treatment. Engraftment of HLA-DRB1*08:03-positive primary leukemic stem cells in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient/γc-null (NOG) mice was completely inhibited by the in vitro preincubation of cells with CTL-1H8, suggesting that HLA-DRB1*08:03 is expressed on leukemic stem cells. Finally, analysis of the precursor frequency of CD8(+) CTL specific for recipient antigens in post-HSCT peripheral blood T cells revealed a significant fraction of the total donor CTL responses towards the individual mismatched HLA-DR antigen in two patients. These findings underscore unexpectedly significant CD8 T cell responses in the context of HLA class II.
Texture and microstructure of rolled and annealed tantalum (1994)

Pure Ta has been cold rolled and annealed at various temperatures. The crystallographic textures were studied by measuring X-ray pole figures and subsequently calculating the orientation distribution function. The microstructure was investigated via optical microscopy. The rolling textures were explained by dislocation glide on {110}〈111〉, {112}〈111〉 and {123}〈111〉 glide systems. Corresponding simulations were carried out using relaxed constraints Taylor theory. Interpretation of the annealing textures was carried out via continuous recrystallisation in the case of weak deformations and temperatures and via discontinuous recrystallisation for higher rolling degrees and temperatures, respectively.MST/1886
A sensitive PCR method for detecting HCV RNA in plasma pools, blood products, and single donations (1994)

Although current manufacturing processes appear to efficiently inactivate hepatitis C virus (HCV), it is possible that contaminated blood products may result from failure of some stage during manufacture or from virus overload of plasma pools used for preparation of products. While antibody screening probably removes the majority of HCV positive donations, some donations which are antibody-negative but HCV positive may be included in pools. The HCV RNA content of plasma pools from paid and voluntary donors was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A sensitive PCR method using a single pair of primers from the 5' non-coding region of the HCV genome and a "hot-start" was established and shown to be as sensitive as the more conventional nested PCR (which uses two pairs of primers). The majority of pools from paid donors (prescreening) were HCV RNA positive, while all pools from voluntary donors were both antibody and RNA negative. Intravenous immunoglobulins prepared from contaminated pools were RNA negative despite having high antibody levels, indicating satisfactory clearance of the virus during manufacture. The virus load of the pools was at least a thousand-fold lower than that of single donations, possibly as a result of treatment during the production of the pools or the presence of factors in pools which reduce the sensitivity of some part of the PCR assay. The HCV content of a plasma donation was determined as 3.6 x 10(6) genomes/ml by an end point dilution method. Thus a simple and sensitive PCR assay was established for detecting HCV RNA in plasma pools and blood products.
Diterpenes from Salvia broussonetii Transformed Roots and Their Insecticidal Activity (2005)

The new diterpenes brussonol (1) and iguestol (6alpha,11-dihydroxy-12-methoxy-abieta-8,11,13-triene) (2) with an icetexane and a dehydroabietane skeleton, respectively, have been isolated from hairy root cultures of Salvia broussonetii. Other previously known diterpenes, 7-oxodehydroabietane, 11-hydroxy-12-methoxyabietatriene, taxodione, inuroyleanol, ferruginol, deoxocarnosol 12-methyl ether, cryptojaponol, pisiferal, sugiol, isomanool, 14-deoxycoleon U, 6alpha-hydroxydemethylcryptojaponol, demethylsalvicanol, and demethylcryptojaponol, were also obtained from these roots. The insect antifeedant and toxic effects of several of these compounds were investigated against the insect pests Spodoptera littoralis and Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Additionally, their comparative cytotoxic effects were tested on insect Sf9 and mammalian CHO cells. Demethylsalvicanol (4) was a moderate antifeedant to L. decemlineata, whereas brussonol (1) was inactive. 14-Deoxycoleon U (15) was the strongest antifeedant, whereas demethylcryptojaponol (11) was toxic to this insect. None of these compounds had antifeedant or negative effects on S. littoralis ingestion or weight gains after oral administration. Demethylcryptojaponol (11) was cytotoxic to mammalian CHO and insect Sf9 cell lines, followed by the icetexane derivative brussonol (1), with moderate cytotoxicity in both cases. The remainder of the test compounds showed a strong selective cytotoxicty to insect Sf9 cells, with demethylsalvicanol (4) being the most active.
Filter evaluation and selection in wavelet image compression (2002)

Choice of filter bank in wavelet compression is a critical issue that affects image quality as well as system design. Although regularity is sometimes used in filter evaluation, its success at predicting compression performance is only partial. A more reliable evaluation can be obtained by considering an L-level synthesis/analysis system as a single-input, single-output, linear shift-variant system with a response that varies according to the input location modulo (2/sup L/, 2/sup L/). By characterizing a filter bank according to its impulse response and step response in addition to regularity, the authors obtain reliable and relevant (for image coding) filter evaluation metrics. Using this approach, they have evaluated all possible reasonably short (less than 34 taps in the synthesis/analysis pair) minimum order biorthogonal wavelet filter banks. Of this group of over 4300 candidate filter banks, they have selected and presented the filters best suited to image compression. While some of these filters have been published previously, others are new and have properties that make them attractive in system design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
cDNA Cloning and Functional Characterization of the Mouse Ca2+-gated K+ Channel, mIK1 (1998)

We have cloned from murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, thymus, and stomach the cDNA encoding the Ca2+-gated K+ (KCa) channel, mIK1, the mouse homolog of hIK1 (Ishii, T. M., Silvia, C., Hirschberg, B., Bond, C. T., Adelman, J. P., and Maylie, J. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.(U. S. A. 94, 11651-11656). mIK1 mRNA was detected at varied levels in many tissue types. mIK1 KCa channel activity expressed in Xenopus oocytes closely resembled the Kca of red cells (Gardos channel) and MEL cells in its single channel conductance, lack of voltage-sensitivity of activation, inward rectification, and Ca2+ concentration dependence. mIK1 also resembled the erythroid channel in its pharmacological properties, mediating whole cell and unitary currents sensitive to low nM concentrations of both clotrimazole (CLT) and its des-imidazolyl metabolite, 2-chlorophenyl-bisphenyl-methanol, and to low nM concentrations of iodocharybdotoxin. Whereas control oocytes subjected to hypotonic swelling remained swollen, mIK1 expression conferred on oocytes a novel, Ca2+-dependent, CLT-sensitive regulatory volume decrease response. Hypotonic swelling of voltage-clamped mIK1-expressing oocytes increased outward currents that were Ca2+-dependent, CLT-sensitive, and reversed near the K+ equilibrium potential. mIK1 mRNA levels in ES cells increased steadily during erythroid differentiation in culture, in contrast to other KCa mRNAs examined. Low nanomolar concentrations of CLT inhibited proliferation and erythroid differentiation of peripheral blood stem cells in liquid culture.
High-dose epinephrine results in greater early mortality after resuscitation from prolonged cardiac arrest in pigs (1994)

High-dose epinephrine did not improve 24-hr survival rate or neurologic outcome. Immediately after return of spontaneous circulation, most animals in the high-dose epinephrine group exhibited a hyperadrenergic state that included severe hypertension and tachycardia. High-dose epinephrine resulted in a greater early mortality rate.