gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Ventilation in Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Types 1 and 2 (2007)

NIV improved sleep breathing parameters and thoracoabdominal coordination during sleep in SMA types 1 and 2. Phase-angle improvement correlated with bilevel PAP pressures. Phase angle may be useful for the evaluation and monitoring of therapeutic interventions such as NIV.
Conspirators in a Capital Crime: Co-deletion of p18INK4c and p16INK4a/p14ARF/p15INK4b in Glioblastoma Multiforme (2008)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most dreaded cancer diagnoses due to its poor prognosis and the limited treatment options. Homozygous deletion of the p16(INK4a)/p14(ARF)/p15(INK4b) locus is among the most common genetic alterations in GBM. Two recent studies have shown that deletion and mutation of another INK4 family member, p18(INK4c), also drives the pathogenesis of GBM. This minireview will discuss the known roles for p18(INK4c) in the initiation and progression of cancer and suggest opportunities for future studies.
Alkyne Metathesis with Simple Catalyst Systems:  Efficient Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers Containing Vinyl Groups in Main or Side Chain (2000)

The synthesis of novel conjugated polymers by acyclic diyne metathesis (ADIMET) is reported. These polymers are hybrids between poly(p-phenylenevinylene) and poly(p-phenyleneneethynylene) (PPE). They contain phenylene, ethynylene, and vinylene groups (PhPh, PPVE). Simple in situ catalysts formed from Mo(CO)6 and 4-chlorophenol were used to metathesize the dipropynyl(tetraalkyl)stilbene monomers. The monomers are made by a combination of Horner reactions and Heck-type couplings. The PPVEs form in high yields and are structurally defined. They show degrees of polymerization (Pn) of 30−220 repeating units (i.e. 60−450 benzene rings), demonstrating that the presence of the double bonds does not interfere with alkyne metathesis. The PPVEs were structurally characterized by XRD and electron microscopy. They show fibrillar and network-type morphologies, which should make them interesting for applications in molecular electronics. Solid samples of PPVEs display powder XRD patterns almost identical to those of the PPEs. PPVEs thus assume similar doubly lamellar structures as the PPEs. The aggregation behavior of PPVEs was studied. In addition, ADIMET to a poly(2,7-fluorenyleneethynylene) carrying unsaturated side chains is reported. In this case the presence of unsaturation does neither interfer with efficient alkyne metathesis.
Genomic sequence of a 12S seed storage protein from oilseed rape (Brassica napus c.v.jet neuf) (1989)

Journal Article Genomic sequence of a 12S seed storage protein from oilseed rape ( Brassica napus c.v. jet neuf) Get access Anderson J. Ryan, Anderson J. Ryan Department of Biological Sciences, Durham UniversitySouth Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christopher L. Royal, Christopher L. Royal Department of Biological Sciences, Durham UniversitySouth Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joe Hutchinson, Joe Hutchinson Department of Biological Sciences, Durham UniversitySouth Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles H. Shaw Charles H. Shaw Department of Biological Sciences, Durham UniversitySouth Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 9, 11 May 1989, Page 3584, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.9.3584 Published: 11 May 1989 Article history Received: 04 April 1989 Published: 11 May 1989
Long-term effect of low energy laser irradiation on infarction and reperfusion injury in the rat heart (2001)

Low-energy laser irradiation (LELI) has been found to modulate biological processes. The present study investigated the effect of LELI on infarct size after chronic myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was ligated in 83 rats to create MI or ischemia-reperfusion injury. The hearts of the laser-irradiated (LI) rats received irradiation after LAD coronary artery occlusion and 3 days post-MI. At 14, 21, and 45 days post-LAD coronary artery permanent occlusion, infarct sizes (percentage of left ventricular volume) in the non-laser-irradiated (NLI) rats were 52 +/- 12 (SD), 47 +/- 11, and 34 +/- 7%, respectively, whereas in the LI rats they were significantly lower, being 20 +/- 8, 15 +/- 6, and 10 +/- 4%, respectively. Left ventricular dilatation (LVD) in the chronic infarcted rats was significantly reduced (50-60%) in LI compared with NLI rats. LVD in the ischemia-reperfusion-injured LI rats was significantly reduced to a value that did not differ from intact normal noninfarcted rats. Laser irradiation caused a significant 2.2-fold elevation in the content of inducible heat shock proteins (specifically HSP70i) and 3.1-fold elevation in newly formed blood vessels in the heart compared with NLI rats. It is concluded that LELI caused a profound reduction in infarct size and LVD in the rat heart after chronic MI and caused complete reduction of LVD in ischemic-reperfused heart. This phenomenon may be partially explained by the cardioprotective effect of the HSP70i and enhanced angiogenesis in the myocardium after laser irradiation.
Chemoprevention of mouse colon tumors with difluoromethylornithine during and after carcinogen treatment. (1989)

alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) treatment has been shown to modify carcinogenesis in many experimental tumor models, including skin, breast, and colon. This study was designed to determine whether DFMO treatment can inhibit experimental mouse colon tumors after carcinogen treatment and whether an associated effect of DFMO on cell proliferation in colon mucosa occurs. Male CD1 mice (40 per group) received dimethylhydrazine (30 mg/kg/week x 6 weeks, s.c.) and various schedules of DFMO, 1% in drinking water: Group A, none; Group B, following dimethylhydrazine treatment; Group C, during dimethylhydrazine treatment; and Group D, continuously throughout the study. Measurements of RBC polyamine levels showed that DFMO treatment ablated putrescine levels and confirmed that a systemic biological effect was achieved. Analysis of tumor data showed a significant inhibitory effect of DFMO treatment on colon tumor (adenomas and adenocarcinomas) incidence in Groups B (24%) and D (20%) compared to control Group A (52%, P less than 0.05 A versus B, P less than 0.02 A versus D) and on squamous cell carcinomas of the anus in all groups (P less than 0.001 A versus B, P less than 0.05 A versus C, A versus D). No consistent effect of DFMO treatment on cell proliferation in colon mucosa was identified. This study supports the hypothesis that DFMO treatment alters events in the postinitiation phases of mouse colon tumorigenesis.
FPGA in the software radio (1999)

As new radio standards are deployed without substantially supplanting existing ones, the need for multimode multiband handsets and infrastructure increases. This article describes how emerging FPGA technology's unique combination of size and power efficiency plus field programmability offers a transition of FPCAs from ASIC prototyping to embedded products. Software-defined receiver examples suggest an enlarged role for FPGAs in pragmatic paths toward the productization of software radio technology.
THE INTRINSIC VISCOSITY OF MIXED PROTEIN SYSTEMS, INCLUDING STUDIES OF PLASMA AND SERUM (1950)

Experimental evidence is presented that the intrinsic viscosity of solutions of mixed proteins obeys the additive equation See PDF for Equation. The datum serves to characterize the system, and combined with other analytical techniques and fractionation procedures, enables one to analyze and characterize subfractions. The plasmas and sera of clinically "normal" individuals give intrinsic viscosity values agreeing with calculated values. The intrinsic viscosity values for pathological plasmas and sera in all cases are greater than normal and reflect the augmented levels of those proteins fibrinogen, alpha(2)-globulins, and gamma-globulins occurring in the pathological state. The method is readily adaptable to routine clinical use and furnishes a measure of the departure from normal of protein levels in serum and plasma.
Mode of Action of the Antimicrobial Peptide Indolicidin (1996)

Indolicidin is a cationic antimicrobial peptide isolated from bovine neutrophils. It consists of only 13 amino acids, has the highest tryptophan content of any known protein, and is amidated at the carboxyl terminus in nature. By circular dichroism spectroscopy a weak poly-L-proline II extended helix structure was observed that became substantially more pronounced upon interaction with liposomes. Indolicidin bound purified surface lipopolysaccharide with high affinity and permeabilized the outer membrane of Escherichia coli to the small hydrophobic molecule 1-N-phenylnapthylamine (Mr 200), results consistent with indolicidin crossing the outer membrane via the self-promoted uptake pathway. The methyl esterification of indolicidin's carboxyl terminus increased its activity for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In Gram-negative bacteria this was associated with an increased binding to lipopolysaccharide and increased permeabilization of the outer membrane. The cytoplasmic membrane was the site of action of indolicidin as assayed in E. coli by the unmasking of cytoplasmic beta-galactosidase due to membrane permeabilization. The mechanism for this activity was shown to be the ability of the peptide to cause an increase in the transmembrane current of planar lipid bilayers. This current increase was activated by transmembrane potentials in excess of -70 to -80 mV. Consistent with this, there was a substantial decrease in indolicidin-mediated bacterial killing and permeabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli that had been pretreated with the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone. In planar bilayers, indolicidin induced the formation of discrete channels, which ranged in conductance from 0.05-0.15 nS. Thus despite the small size and unique composition of indolicidin, it was capable of killing Gram-negative bacteria by crossing the outer membrane and causing disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane by channel formation.
Research Section: Stress, Burnout and Workload in Teachers of Children with Special Educational Needs (1997)

Whilst stress in teaching has received much attention in recent years, for teachers of children with special educational needs (SEN) specific stress‐related research is relatively rare. This study sought to address this issue by investigating stress, burnout and workload in teachers of children with special educational needs. A postal questionnaire was sent to 56 ordinary schools and eight schools for children with moderate learning difficulties (MLD), eight for children with severe learning difficulties (SLD) and eight for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties (EBD). The schools were situated in inner city, urban and rural areas in the south‐east of England. A total of 221 teachers responded. Results indicated that, whilst generalised claims for burnout may not be justified, within all three special school settings there was evidence of a high level of emotional exhaustion as measured by the education version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). In addition, all groups were subject to long hours of work, and work overload was high for ordinary school SEN teachers and teachers working in MLD and SLD settings. Reference to sources of intense stress indicated some differences according to setting but generally implicated workload and challenging behaviour. The conclusions are that further research into stress and burnout of SEN teachers is required if effective coping and preventative strategies are to be designed.
Art and architecture databases on the Internet (1996)

Only recently have significant art and architecture Internet resources been made available. As a reference librarian in a fine arts library, I try to keep track of important resources for my patrons. Managing Internet resources is a challenge: Internet sites with images require high‐end computers and connections, and evaluating the quality of Internet resources is often more difficult and time‐consuming than evaluating print sources. Simply identifying potentially valuable resources amid all the flashy insubstantiality on the Internet is enervating.
A flexible R package for nonnegative matrix factorization (2010)

The NMF package helps realize the potential of Nonnegative Matrix Factorization, especially in bioinformatics, providing easy access to methods that have already yielded new insights in many applications. Documentation, source code and sample data are available from CRAN.
JNK (c-Jun NH2 Terminal Kinase) and p38 during Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in the Small Intestine (2006)

These results suggest that JNK and p38 both play a key role during small intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury through a proapoptotic action on the tip of villi.
Multiple role of reactive oxygen species in the arterial wall (2001)

Increased oxidative stress plays an important role in vascular dysfunction and atherogenesis. Both systemic factors, such as hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia, and local factors, such as activation of macrophages and T cells, may contribute to oxidative stress. Oxidation of lipids in lipoproteins and cell membranes leads to functionally important modifications of proteins that affect their recognition by cell surface receptors and protein-protein interactions within the cell, including DNA binding. Oxidized LDL and extracellular oxidation modulate oxidation-sensitive signaling pathways, but it is not clear to what extent this results from receptor-mediated activation or from direct effects on the intracellular redox-balance. Extensive evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate gene expression by modulating a large number of transcription factors, including the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NFkappaB), the peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma (PPARgamma), and pathways linked to apoptosis. It is also increasingly recognized that cell differentiation and proliferation, cytokine expression, and programmed cell death are determined by the interactions between oxidation-sensitive regulatory pathways previously thought to lead to distinct outcomes. Because hypercholesterolemia exerts pro-oxidant effects both intra- and extracellularly and because increased ROS formation affects vascular reactivity and atherogenesis by modulating multiple signaling pathways and transcriptional events, future investigations of its atherogenic mechanisms should place greater emphasis on the net effect of such modulation on the expression of a large spectrum of genes. One way of doing this will be by defining clusters of genes responding to hypercholesterolemic stimuli--or interventions with structurally unrelated antioxidants--in analogous ways, irrespective of what regulatory pathway they are controlled by. Microarray technologies that allow simultaneous assessment of large numbers of genes may provide a tool for this approach.
Freezing Tolerance of Citrus, Spinach, and Petunia Leaf Tissue (1989)

Seasonal variations in freezing tolerance, water content, water and osmotic potential, and levels of soluble sugars of leaves of field-grown Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) trees were studied to determine the ability of citrus trees to cold acclimate under natural conditions. Controlled environmental studies of young potted citrus trees, spinach (Spinacia pleracea), and petunia (Petunia hybrids) were carried out to study the water relations during cold acclimation under less variable conditions. During the coolest weeks of the winter, leaf water content and osmotic potential of field-grown trees decreased about 20 to 25%, while soluble sugars increased by 100%. At the same time, freezing tolerance increased from lethal temperature for 50% (LT(50)) of -2.8 to -3.8 degrees C. In contrast, citrus leaves cold acclimated at a constant 10 degrees C in growth chambers were freezing tolerant to about -6 degrees C. The calculated freezing induced cellular dehydration at the LT(50) remained relatively constant for field-grown leaves throughout the year, but increased for leaves of plants cold acclimated at 10 degrees C in a controlled environment. Spinach leaves cold acclimated at 5 degrees C tolerated increased cellular dehydration compared to nonacclimated leaves. Cold acclimated petunia leaves increased in freezing tolerance by decreasing osmotic potential, but had no capacity to change cellular dehydration sensitivity. The result suggest that two cold acclimation mechanisms are involved in both citrus and spinach leaves and only one in petunia leaves. The common mechanism in all three species tested was a minor increase in tolerance (about -1 degrees C) resulting from low temperature induced osmotic adjustment, and the second in citrus and spinach was a noncolligative mechanism that increased the cellular resistance to freeze hydration.
RFID Indoor Positioning Based on Probabilistic RFID Map and Kalman Filtering (2007)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a rapidly developing technology which uses wireless communication for automatic identification of objects. The localization of RFID tagged objects in their environment is becoming an important feature for the ubiquitous computing applications. In This paper we introduce a new positioning algorithm for RFID tags using two mobile RFID readers and landmarks which are passive or active tags with known location and distributed randomly. We present an analytical method for estimating the location of the unknown tag by using the multilateration with the landmarks and a probabilistic RFID map-based technique with Kalman filtering to enhance the location estimation of the tag. This algorithm is independent from the readers coordinates, and hence it can be more practical due to its mobility and its low cost to achieve a high deployment of this emerging technology. Results obtained after conducting extensive simulations demonstrate the validity and suitability of the proposed algorithm to provide high performance level in terms of accuracy and scalability.
SeLOX—a locus of recombination site search tool for the detection and directed evolution of site-specific recombination systems (2010)

Site-specific recombinases have become a resourceful tool for genome engineering, allowing sophisticated in vivo DNA modifications and rearrangements, including the precise removal of integrated retroviruses from host genomes. In a recent study, a mutant form of Cre recombinase has been used to excise the provirus of a specific HIV-1 strain from the human genome. To achieve provirus excision, the Cre recombinase had to be evolved to recombine an asymmetric locus of recombination (lox)-like sequence present in the long terminal repeat (LTR) regions of a HIV-1 strain. One pre-requisite for this type of work is the identification of degenerate lox-like sites in genomic sequences. Given their nature-two inverted repeats flanking a spacer of variable length-existing search tools like BLAST or RepeatMasker perform poorly. To address this lack of available algorithms, we have developed the web-server SeLOX, which can identify degenerate lox-like sites within genomic sequences. SeLOX calculates a position weight matrix based on lox-like sequences, which is used to search genomic sequences. For computational efficiency, we transform sequences into binary space, which allows us to use a bit-wise AND Boolean operator for comparisons. Next to finding lox-like sites for Cre type recombinases in HIV LTR sequences, we have used SeLOX to identify lox-like sites in HIV LTRs for six yeast recombinases. We finally demonstrate the general usefulness of SeLOX in identifying lox-like sequences in large genomes by searching Cre type recombination sites in the entire human genome. SeLOX is freely available at http://selox.mpi-cbg.de/cgi-bin/selox/index.
Protein kinase C activation and its pharmacological inhibition in vascular disease (2000)

Vascular complications in diabetes mellitus are known to be associated with the activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway through the de novo synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG) from glycolytic intermediates. Specific PKC isoforms, mainly the beta- and delta-isoforms, have been shown to be persistently activated in diabetic mellitus. Multiple studies have reported that the activation of PKC leads to increased production of extracellular matrix and cytokines, enhances contractility, permeability and vascular cell proliferation, induces the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and inhibits the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase. These events are not only frequently observed in diabetes mellitus but are also involved in the actions of vasoactive agents or oxidative stress. Inhibition of PKC by two different kinds of PKC inhibitors - LY333531, a selective PKC-beta-isoform inhibitor, and vitamin E, d-alpha-tocopheron - were able to prevent or reverse the various vascular dysfunctions in vitro and in vivo. Clinical studies using these compounds are now ongoing to evaluate the significance of DAG-PKC pathway activation in the development of vascular complications in diabetic patients.
Large-Scale Transcriptional Activity in Chromosomes 21 and 22 (2002)

The sequences of the human chromosomes 21 and 22 indicate that there are approximately 770 well-characterized and predicted genes. In this study, empirically derived maps identifying active areas of RNA transcription on these chromosomes have been constructed with the use of cytosolic polyadenylated RNA obtained from 11 human cell lines. Oligonucleotide arrays containing probes spaced on average every 35 base pairs along these chromosomes were used. When compared with the sequence annotations available for these chromosomes, it is noted that as much as an order of magnitude more of the genomic sequence is transcribed than accounted for by the predicted and characterized exons.
Automatic drift elimination in probe microscope images based on techniques of counter-scanning and topography feature recognition (2007)

An experimentally proved method for the automatic correction of drift-distorted surface topography obtained with a scanning probe microscope (SPM) is suggested.Drift-produced distortions are described by linear transformations valid for the case of rather slow changing of the microscope drift velocity.One or two pairs of counter-scanned images (CSIs) of surface topography are used as initial data.To correct distortions, it is required to recognize the same surface feature within each CSI and to determine the feature lateral coordinates.Solving a system of linear equations, the linear transformation coefficients suitable for CSI correction in the lateral and the vertical planes are found.After matching the corrected CSIs, topography averaging is carried out in the overlap area.Recommendations are given that help both estimate the drift correction error and obtain the corrected images where the error does not exceed some preliminarily specified value.Two nonlinear correction approaches based on the linear one are suggested that provide a greater precision of drift elimination.Depending on the scale and the measurement conditions as well as the correction approach applied, the maximal error may be decreased from 8-25% to 0.6-3%, typical mean error within the area of corrected image is 0.07-1.5%.The method developed permits us to recover drift-distorted topography segments/apertures obtained by using feature-oriented scanning.The suggested method may be applied to any instrument of the SPM family.