gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Molecule Detection by Laser-Induced Fluorescence Technique with a Position-Sensitive Photon-Counting Apparatus (1994)

A new method of detecting single-molecule fluorescence has been implemented using a conventional optical microscope and a position-sensitive photon-counting apparatus. The samples were solvent-free fluorescent dyes adsorbed on a solid substrate in air at room temperature by spraying microdroplets of a dye solution followed by solvent evaporation. At the concentration used, each droplet contained a very small number of dye molecules. Quantized fluorescence intensity was determined and the number of occurrences of the quantized intensity agreed well with that calculated from Poisson's formula, thus confirming success of the position-sensitive single-molecule fluorescence detection.
Role of the COOH-terminal B-chain domain in insulin-receptor interactions. Identification of perturbations involving the insulin mainchain. (1987)

Previous studies have suggested that the COOH-terminal pentapeptide of the insulin B-chain can play a negative role in ligand-receptor interactions involving insulin analogs having amino acid replacements at position B25 (Nakagawa, S. H., and Tager, H. S. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 7332-7341). We undertook by the current investigations to identify the molecular site in insulin that induces this negative effect and to explore further the importance of conformational changes that might occur during insulin-receptor interactions. By use of semisynthetic insulin analogs containing amino acid replacements or deletions and of isolated canine hepatocytes, we show here that (a) the markedly decreased affinity of receptor for insulin analogs in which PheB25 is replaced by Ser is apparent for analogs in which up to 3 residues of the insulin B-chain have been deleted, but is progressively reversed in the corresponding des-tetrapeptide and des-pentapeptide analogs, and (b) unlike the case for deletion of TyrB26 and ThrB27, replacement of residue TyrB26 or ThrB27 has no effect to reverse the decreased affinity of full length analogs containing Ser for Phe substitutions at position B25. Additional experiments demonstrated that introduction of a cross-link between Lys epsilon B29 and Gly alpha A1 of insulin decreases the affinity of ligand-receptor interactions whether or not PheB25 is replaced by Ser. We conclude that the negative effect of the COOH-terminal B-chain domain on insulin-receptor interactions arises in greatest part from the insulin mainchain near the site of the TyrB26-ThrB27 peptide bond and that multiple conformational perturbations may be necessary to induce a high-affinity state of receptor-bound insulin.
Schizophrenia and Crime (1990)

To compare the crime rate of schizophrenics with that of the general population, data from the Central Swedish Police Register on 790 schizophrenic patients discharged from hospitals in Stockholm in 1971 was analysed for the period of 1972-86. Relative risk of criminal offence was assessed by comparing the observed number of offences committed with the expected number (estimated from official statistics). The crime rate among male schizophrenics was almost the same as that in the general male population, whereas among females it was twice that of the general female population. The rate of violent offences was, however, four times higher among the schizophrenics. The violence recorded was almost exclusively of minor severity.
Expression of interleukin 8 correlates with the metastatic potential of human melanoma cells in nude mice. (1994)

We correlated the steady state transcription and protein secretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in 13 different human melanoma cell lines with their ability to grow and produce metastasis in nude mice. Highly metastatic cells expressed higher steady state levels of IL-8 mRNA transcripts than did low metastatic cells. In situ mRNA hybridization analyses confirmed the pattern of mRNA expression on a cellular level. Increased mRNA expression directly correlated with secretion of IL-8 protein as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Recombinant IL-8 stimulated the proliferation of low metastatic A375P cells in a dose-dependent manner, a stimulation that was abrogated by the use of a polyclonal antibody against IL-8. The data suggest that IL-8 can be an autocrine growth factor for human melanoma cells and that IL-8 is involved in melanoma metastasis.
Genetic evidence for multiple nuclear functions of the herpes simplex virus ICP8 DNA-binding protein (1989)

We have isolated several mutant herpes simplex viruses, specifically mutated in the infected cell protein 8 (ICP8) gene, to define the functional domains of ICP8, the major viral DNA-binding protein. To facilitate the isolation of these mutants, we first isolated a mutant virus, HD-2, with the lacZ gene fused to the ICP8 gene so that an ICP8-beta-galactosidase fusion protein was expressed. This virus formed blue plaques on ICP8-expressing cell lines in the presence of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside. Mutated ICP8 gene plasmids cotransfected with HD-2 DNA yielded recombinant viruses with the mutant ICP8 gene incorporated into the viral genome. These recombinants were identified by formation of white plaques. Four classes of mutants were defined: (i) some expressed ICP8 that could bind to DNA but could not localize to the cell nucleus; (ii) some expressed ICP8 that did not bind to DNA but localized to the nucleus; (iii) some expressed ICP8 that neither bound to DNA nor localized to the nucleus; and (iv) one expressed ICP8 that localized to the cell nucleus and bound to DNA in vitro, but the mutant virus did not replicate its DNA. These classes of mutants provide genetic evidence that DNA binding and nuclear localization are distinct functions of ICP8 and that ICP8 has nuclear functions other than binding to DNA. Furthermore, the portion of ICP8 needed for a nuclear function(s) distinct from DNA binding is the part of ICP8 showing sequence similarity to that of the cellular protein cyclin or proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
Discovery of Molecular Therapeutics for Glaucoma: Challenges, Successes, and Promising Directions (2015)

Glaucoma, a heterogeneous ocular disorder affecting ∼60 million people worldwide, is characterized by painless neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), resulting in irreversible vision loss. Available therapies, which decrease the common causal risk factor of elevated intraocular pressure, delay, but cannot prevent, RGC death and blindness. Notably, it is changes in the anterior segment of the eye, particularly in the drainage of aqueous humor fluid, which are believed to bring about changes in pressure. Thus, it is primarily this region whose properties are manipulated in current and emerging therapies for glaucoma. Here, we focus on the challenges associated with developing treatments, review the available experimental methods to evaluate the therapeutic potential of new drugs, describe the development and evaluation of emerging Rho-kinase inhibitors and adenosine receptor ligands that offer the potential to improve aqueous humor outflow and protect RGCs simultaneously, and present new targets and approaches on the horizon.
Extra-insensitive input shapers for controlling flexible spacecraft (1994)

A procedure for designing command profiles for flexible spacecraft is presented. The command profiles are required to move a spacecraft from rest to rest or to accelerate a spacecraft to a constant velocity with very little residual vibration. To model the case where the spacecraft is equipped with on-off reaction jets, the command signals are restricted to positive or negative constant-amplitude pulses. The technique results in command profiles that are significantly more robust to modeling errors than profiles developed with similar procedures that have been previously reported. Commands are generated that are much more fuel efficient than profiles obtained with related methods. A technique for eliminating multiple modes of vibration is presented. The control technique is evaluated with both hardware experiments and a highly realistic computer simulation that is used to plan Space Shuttle flights.
Molecular Identification and Physiological Characterization of a Novel Monosaccharide Transporter from Arabidopsis Involved in Vacuolar Sugar Transport (2006)

The tonoplast monosaccharide transporter (TMT) family comprises three isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana, and TMT-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins are targeted to the vacuolar membrane. TMT promoter-beta-glucuronidase plants revealed that the TONOPLAST MONOSACCHARIDE TRANSPORTER1 (TMT1) and TMT2 genes exhibit a tissue- and cell type-specific expression pattern, whereas TMT3 is only weakly expressed. TMT1 and TMT2 expression is induced by drought, salt, and cold treatments and by sugar. During cold adaptation, tmt knockout lines accumulated less glucose and fructose compared with wild-type plants, whereas no differences were observed for sucrose. Cold adaptation of wild-type plants substantially promoted glucose uptake into isolated leaf mesophyll vacuoles. Glucose uptake into isolated vacuoles was inhibited by NH(4)(+), fructose, and phlorizin, indicating that transport is energy-dependent and that both glucose and fructose were taken up by the same carrier. Glucose import into vacuoles from two cold-induced tmt1 knockout lines or from triple knockout plants was substantially lower than into corresponding wild-type vacuoles. Monosaccharide feeding into leaf discs revealed the strongest response to sugar in tmt1 knockout lines compared with wild-type plants, suggesting that TMT1 is required for cytosolic glucose homeostasis. Our results indicate that TMT1 is involved in vacuolar monosaccharide transport and plays a major role during stress responses.
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Reveals Highly Efficient Cytosolic Delivery of Certain Penta-Arg Proteins and Stapled Peptides (2015)

We used fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to accurately and precisely determine the relative efficiencies with which three families of "cell-penetrating peptides" traffic to the cytosol of mammalian cells. We find that certain molecules containing a "penta-arg" motif reach the cytosol, intact, with efficiencies greater than 50%. This value is at least 10-fold higher than that observed for the widely studied cationic sequence derived from HIV Tat or polyarginine Arg8, and equals that of hydrocarbon-stapled peptides that are active in cells and animals. Moreover, we show that the efficiency with which stapled peptides reach the cytosol, as determined by FCS, correlates directly with their efficacy in cell-based assays. We expect that these findings and the associated technology will aid the design of peptides, proteins, and peptide mimetics that predictably and efficiently reach the interior of mammalian cells.
Rescue of Mumps Virus from cDNA (2000)

A complete DNA copy of the genome of a Jeryl Lynn strain of mumps virus (15,384 nucleotides) was assembled from cDNA fragments such that an exact antigenome RNA could be generated following transcription by T7 RNA polymerase and cleavage by hepatitis delta virus ribozyme. The plasmid containing the genome sequence, together with support plasmids which express mumps virus NP, P, and L proteins under control of the T7 RNA polymerase promoter, were transfected into A549 cells previously infected with recombinant vaccinia virus (MVA-T7) that expressed T7 RNA polymerase. Rescue of infectious virus from the genome cDNA was demonstrated by amplification of mumps virus from transfected-cell cultures and by subsequent consensus sequencing of reverse transcription-PCR products generated from infected-cell RNA to verify the presence of specific nucleotide tags introduced into the genome cDNA clone. The only coding change (position 8502, A to G) in the cDNA clone relative to the consensus sequence of the Jeryl Lynn plaque isolate from which it was derived, resulting in a lysine-to-arginine substitution at amino acid 22 of the L protein, did not prevent rescue of mumps virus, even though an amino acid alignment for the L proteins of paramyxoviruses indicates that lysine is highly conserved at that position. This system may provide the basis of a safe and effective virus vector for the in vivo expression of immunologically and biologically active proteins, peptides, and RNAs.
Light-Induced Self-Written Optical Waveguides (2007)

Light-induced self-written (LISW) technology is a unique and simple method of forming low-loss 3-dimensional (3-D) optical circuits in photopolymers using radiation from an optical fiber. Since this technology is applicable to almost all kinds of optical fiber and optical wiring, many studies have been carried in a number of different organizations on the applications of this technology. The technology helps simplify optical interconnections, and it is expected that it will reduce the cost of mounting optical devices. In this paper, we introduce LISW technology and report on related studies developed in our research group.
Copper(I)-Catalyzed Formal Carboboration of Alkynes: Synthesis of Tri- and Tetrasubstituted Vinylboronates (2012)

The first copper-catalyzed formal carboboration of alkynes, in which a C-B bond and a C-C bond are created in a single catalytic cycle, is presented. The reaction proceeds with high regioselectivity and syn-stereoselectivity to form tri- and tetrasubstituted vinylboronic esters from commercially available bis(pinacolato)diboron. A subsequent cross-coupling reaction gives access to highly substituted alkenes.
Relationship of Intracellular Calcium and Oxygen Radicals to Cisplatin-Related Renal Cell Injury (2006)

We investigated the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular calcium in nephrotoxicity related to an antitumor agent, cisplatin. In this study, we employed cultured renal epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). Cisplatin at 500 microM significantly increased the production of ROS 5 h and caused cell injury. This agent significantly increased the intracellular calcium level ([Ca2+]i) in a dose-dependent manner 1 h or more after exposure. DPPD (N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine), an antioxidant, inhibited a cisplatin-related increase in active oxygen production and cell injury but did not inhibit an early increase in the [Ca2+]i level. An intracellular calcium-chelating compound BAPTA-AM (1,2-bis(O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetra(acetoxymethyl) ester) inhibited an increase in ROS production and cell injury induced by cisplatin. Furthermore, BAPTA-AM suppressed the rise of [Ca2+]i level in 1 h after exposure; however, an extracellular calcium chelator EGTA and a calcium antagonist nicardipine did not inhibit the rise in [Ca2+]i level in the early phase. An NADPH oxidase inhibitor inhibited a cisplatin-related increase in ROS production and cell disorder. These results suggest that cisplatin-related calcium release from the site of intracellular calcium storage in the early phase causes oxidative stress in renal tubular epithelial cells. Cisplatin may increase the intracellular production of ROS via NADPH oxidase.
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of trimethyl orthobenzoate by adsorbed sodium dodecyl sulfate (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCatalysis of the hydrolysis of trimethyl orthobenzoate by adsorbed sodium dodecyl sulfateChung Ching Yu, Daniel W. Wong, and Lance L. LobbanCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 10, 2582–2584Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00046a037https://doi.org/10.1021/la00046a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of Methane Gas Sensor by Various Powder Preparation Methods (1999)

After SnO₂ fine powder was prepared by precipitation method, Ca as crystallization inhibitor and Pd as catalyst were added to SnO₂ raw material by various methods. Thick film device was fabricated on the alumina substrate by mixing ethylene glycol and such mixed powders. The sensing characteristics of the device for methane gas were investigated. The most excellent gas sensing property was shown by the thick film device fabricated by Method 3 in which Ca and Pd doped SnO₂ powder is prepared by mixing SnO₂ powder, 0.1 wt% Ca acetate and 1 wt% PdCl₂ in deionized water and by calcining the mixture, after Sn(OH)₄ is dried at 110℃ for 36h. The sensitivity of the sensor fabricated with SnO₂-0.1 wt%Ca acetate-lwt%PdCl₂ powder (Method 3) powder heat-treated at 700℃ for lh was about 86% for 5,000 ppm methane in air at 350℃ of the operating temperature. Response time and recovery were also excellent.
A single-chip MPEG2 video decoder LSI (2002)

This MPEG2 video decoder LSI decodes MPEG2 standard bit streams. The compression algorithm in the MPEG2 is based on discrete cosine transform (DCT), variable length coding, and motion compensation similar to the MPEG1, the earlier standard. However, the processing speed should be more than four times faster than MPEG1. Moreover, several algorithms and structures to handle interlaced pictures are added to the MPEG1 standard. This LSI decodes in real time all motion-compensation modes and picture structures in MPEG2 bit streams of not only CCIR601 but also HDTV resolution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Visual odometry (2004)

We present a system that estimates the motion of a stereo head or a single moving camera based on video input. The system operates in real-time with low delay and the motion estimates are used for navigational purposes. The front end of the system is a feature tracker. Point features are matched between pairs of frames and linked into image trajectories at video rate. Robust estimates of the camera motion are then produced from the feature tracks using a geometric hypothesize-and-test architecture. This generates what we call visual odometry, i.e. motion estimates from visual input alone. No prior knowledge of the scene nor the motion is necessary. The visual odometry can also be used in conjunction with information from other sources such as GPS, inertia sensors, wheel encoders, etc. The pose estimation method has been applied successfully to video from aerial, automotive and handheld platforms. We focus on results with an autonomous ground vehicle. We give examples of camera trajectories estimated purely from images over previously unseen distances and periods of time.
Si/Si 0.85 Ge 0.15 /Si p-i-n waveguide optical intensity modulator (1995)

Design and development of basic optical components are vital for the future development of all optical and optoelectronic circuits. Optical components fabricated on Si are restricted to operation at wavelengths below 1.1 micrometers . However, the incorporation of SiGe in Si devices enables operation to be extended to the communications wavelengths of 1.3 micrometers and 1.5 micrometers . Optical modulation in a Si/Si<SUB>0.85</SUB>Ge<SUB>0.15</SUB>/Si, MBE grown, waveguide p-i-n diode was experimentally investigated at a wavelength of 1.3 micrometers . When the waveguide p-i-n diode is forward biased, the injected free carriers absorb the light propagating in the intrinsic layer thereby giving a strong modulation of the device output intensity. The modulator, grown on a 2 X 10<SUP>19</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP> n<SUP>++</SUP>-Si substrate, consists of a 2.5 micrometers thick, 7 X 10<SUP>15</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP> n-Si layer, a 0.1 micrometers thick i-Si<SUB>0.85</SUB>Ge<SUB>0.15</SUB> guiding layer, a 2 mumm thick, 2.5 X 10<SUP>16</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP> p-Si layer and a 0.1 micrometers thick, 2 X 10<SUP>20</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP> p++)-Si contact layer. Under forward bias the p-i-n diode achieves a carrier density of 5 X 10<SUP>18</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP> in the guiding layer of the waveguide. A maximum modulation depth of 66% was obtained for a 2 mm long, 37.5 micrometers wide ridge waveguide at a peak pulse current density of 2700 A/cm<SUP>2</SUP>.
Characteristics of the crossed field antenna obtained by numerical and experimental modelling (2005)

An antenna is sometimes described as a coupling device, coupling electromagnetic energy into the propagation medium. Pursuing this line of thought, amateurs in radio and antenna specialists have wondered whether there were methods of achieving this process in more efficient ways than realized using conventional antenna systems. One proposal that has stimulated a considerable interest is that by F.M. Kabbary et al. (see Proc. IEEE NAB Symp., p.235-41, 1999), which describes a ground plane type (so called) crossed field antenna (CFA), in which the E- and H-fields are said to have been generated separately, and so can have the required time phase and quadrature space relationships in the near field for real power, as given by an out-going Poynting vector, P = E/spl times/H. A brief description of the theory of the CFA is given, but it is rather nai/spl uml/ve, and performance claims are flawed. The paper presents results obtained from numerical and experimental modelling studies. Our experimental model is scaled down by a factor of 3.15, so that its operating frequency of 1161 kHz corresponds to 3757 kHz for the full size HF antenna.