gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initial and 6-Month Results of Biodegradable Poly- l -Lactic Acid Coronary Stents in Humans (2000)

Our preliminary experience suggests that coronary PLLA biodegradable stents are feasible, safe, and effective in humans. Long-term follow-up with more patients will be required to validate the long-term efficacy of PLLA stents.
Fabrication of cucurbit[6]uril mediated alginate physical hydrogel beads and their application as a drug carriers (2008)

Abstract A novel cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) mediated alginate physical hydrogel bead was prepared for the first time, which is based on the electrostatic attraction and ion-dipole interaction between sodium alginate and CB[6]. These alginate/CB[6] gel beads are useful in controlled drug delivery and other biomedical applications. The potential of alginate/CB[6] gel beads as carrier for 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) was studied in this paper. The properties of alginate/CB[6] gel beads were studied by FT-IR, XRD and TGA. The process of the formation of alginate/CB[6] gel beads was recorded by Digital cameras. The external morphology of the dried beads were observed using SEM. Alginate/CB[6] gel beads first was formed as a thin film on the surface of the alginate solution droplet, holding its spherical shape. The color of the alginate/CB[6] gel beads changed from almost colorless to white with the increase of gel time, and also the beads became small and compact. The dried alginate/CB[6] gel beads were about 900-1000 μm, irregular spherical and the surface of dried beads showed a corrugated surface having a uniform distribution of regular nodules and cavities.
Sunitinib Mediates Reversal of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Accumulation in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients (2009)

Sunitinib-based therapy has the potential to modulate antitumor immunity by reversing MDSC-mediated tumor-induced immunosuppression.
Evaluation and comparison of linear prediction, fft, and zero-crossing analysis methods for automatic speech recognition. (1978)

The classification of any physical process requires some decoding of its characteristic features. Depending upon the complexity of both the process and the classification space, this feature extraction procedure constitutes a critical factor in the correct classification of the process. In this research, the speech signal is considered a physical process from which characteristic features may be determined and subsequently used for classification. In particular, three feature extraction mechanisms, known as linear prediction, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and zero-crossing analysis, are evaluated and compared in an effort to determine their relative applicability for the automatic recognition of speech. All three of these methods have exhibited potential for automatic speech recognition. Various researchers, for various reasons, have selected one method or some combination of methods for use in their respective speech analysis systems. Results reported for these systems, dependent upon many factors, are understandably very diverse and occasionally even conflicting. Factors such as vocabulary, type and number of speakers, algorithmic implementation variations, varied test conditions, and a wide diversity of recognition schemes affect recognition results to such an extent that effective overall evaluation of the three feature extraction methods as single, critical system parameters is very difficult. No comprehensive comparative evaluation of linear prediction, FFT, and zero-crossing analysis methods has been published to date. Following the presentation of descriptive and theoretical formulations for each of the three feature extraction methods, and a variety of evaluative techniques, various algorithms belonging to each method are evaluated...
Some Mechanical Property Considerations of Reconstituted Collagen for Drug Release Supports (1977)

Reconstituted collagen, having been shown previously to be biodegradable and to have low immunologic activity, has been further evaluated here as a vehicle for drug delivery. Mechanical stress-strain (Young's Modulus), mechanical abrasion resistance, and steroid (medroxyprogesterone) diffusion rates have been determined for collagen films subjected to nine different chemical preparative treatments. The treatments fall into three categories: formaldehyde crosslinking, chrome tanning, and a combination of formaldehyde and chrome. Based on our conditions, the formaldehyde films have been found to have higher Young's Moduli and lower diffusion release rates of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) than the untreated films. The largest chrome complexes apparently open up the collagen matrix to yield higher diffusion release rates than the untreated film. The Young's Modulus is 2--3 times higher for the chrome films that the untreated film but the abrasion resistance is generally substantially less. Combination chrome/formaldehyde treatments yield film properties between those of the two separate treatments.
Helicobacter pylori susceptibility testing by disc diffusion (2002)

The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is found in c. 40% of the population and is responsible for the development of duodenal disease. Triple treatment with a proton-pump inhibitor or bismuth salt plus two antibiotics is now commonplace in all patients diagnosed. As antibiotic resistance reduces treatment efficacy, it is time to consider routine susceptibility testing to guide individual patient treatment and surveillance of antibiotic resistance. There are no published nationally agreed standards for disc diffusion testing of H. pylori. After reviewing the literature, we recommend the following method for disc diffusion tests. A suspension of cultures < or = 4 days old equivalent to McFarland Standard no. 4 (10(8) cfu/mL) should be used on Mueller-Hinton or Columbia agar base with 5-10% blood, using a metronidazole disc strength of 5 Ig and a clarithromycin disc strength of 2 microg. Anaerobic pre-incubation of plates is unnecessary. A H. pylori control susceptible to metronidazole (e.g. NCTC 12822) should be used. Zone sizes with the Mueller-Hinton agar base for metronidazole testing are <16 mm resistant, 16-21 mm intermediate and >21 mm susceptible. We suggest that isolates in the intermediate zone should be re-tested by Etest. Zone sizes with the Columbia agar base for metronidazole testing are <10 mm resistant and > or = 10 mm susceptible. Co-infection with two strains, which may be a mixture of isolates susceptible and resistant to metronidazole leading to conflicting susceptibility results, occurs in 5-10% of patients. Zone sizes with Mueller-Hinton agar and Columbia blood agar for clarithromycin testing are resistant no zone and susceptible any zone.
Recognition and Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Older Americans (2018)

Evidence from this nationally representative sample of community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries suggests that high OSA risk is common but seldom investigated. When investigated, OSA is almost always confirmed and usually treated. These findings suggest a significant gap in OSA assessment for older Americans that could have public health implications.
Evidence of two mechanisms for the activation of the glucose transporter GLUT1 by anisomycin: p38(MAP kinase) activation and protein synthesis inhibition in mammalian cells (1997)

1. Inhibitors of protein synthesis stimulate sugar transport in mammalian cells through activation of plasma membrane GLUT1, the housekeeping isoform of the glucose transporter. However, it has been reported that some of these compounds, in addition to their effect on protein synthesis, also activate protein kinases. 2. In the present study we have explored the role of these two effects on GLUT1 activation. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Clone 9 cells, stimulation of sugar transport by puromycin, a translational inhibitor that does not activate kinases, was not detectable until 90 min after exposure. In contrast, stimulation by anisomycin, a potent Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) agonist, exhibited no lag phase. An intermediate response was observed to emetine and cycloheximide, weak activators of JNK. 3. The potency of anisomycin to stimulate transport acutely (30 min of exposure) was 5- to 10-fold greater than for its chronic stimulation of transport, measured after 4 h of exposure. The stimulation of transport by a low concentration of anisomycin (0.3 microM) was transient, peaked at 30-60 min and it was inhibited (IC50 < 1 microM) by SB203580, which indicates that its mediator is not JNK, but the homologous p38(MAP kinase) (p38(MAPK)). In contrast, the responses to 4 h exposure to 300 microM anisomycin or puromycin were refractory to SB203580. 4. Exposure to anisomycin resulted in rapid activation of p38(MAPK). Activation of both p38(MAPK) and GLUT1 by 0.3 microM anisomycin was cancelled by puromycin. 5. We conclude that the activation of GLUT1 in response to anisomycin includes two components: a delayed component involving translational inhibition and a fast, puromycin-inhibitable component that is secondary to activation of p38(MAPK).
Platelet-Derived Microvesicles: Multitalented Participants in Intercellular Communication (2012)

Platelets can release a heterogeneous pool of vesicles which include plasma membrane-derived microparticles (PMPs) and multivesicular body-derived exosomes. As both vesicle types are generated upon activation and their distinction is complicated due to an overlap in their molecular properties and sizes, they are best discussed as an entity, the platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs). PMPs can be formed through several induction pathways, which determine their different molecular profiles and facilitate tailor-made participation in intercellular communication. This dynamic variability may lie behind the multifaceted and sometimes very different observations of the PMPs in physiological and pathological settings. Currently, little is known of platelet-derived exosomes. In all, PMVs not only participate in several homeostatic multicellular processes, such as hemostasis, maintenance of vascular health, and immunity, but they also play a role in thrombotic and inflammatory diseases and cancer progression. In the past few years, the number of original articles and reviews on microvesicles has dramatically increased, but the data simultaneously raise further questions, the answers to which depend on forthcoming analytical improvements. In this article, the differential activation pathways and the molecular and functional properties of PMVs are reviewed in context with their sometimes paradoxical role in health and in disease. Also, the methodological issues of PMV detection and analysis are discussed in the light of recent advances within the field.
Anthelmintic paraherquamides are cholinergic antagonists in gastrointestinal nematodes and mammals (2002)

Oxindole alkaloids in the paraherquamide/marcfortine family exhibit broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity that includes drug-resistant strains of nematodes. Paraherquamide (PHQ), 2-deoxoparaherquamide (2DPHQ), and close structural analogs of these compounds rapidly induce flaccid paralysis in parasitic nematodes in vitro, without affecting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. The mechanism of action of this anthelmintic class was investigated using muscle tension and microelectrode recording techniques in isolated body wall segments of Ascaris suum. None of the compounds altered A. suum muscle tension or membrane potential. However, PHQ blocked (when applied before) or reversed (when applied after) depolarizing contractions induced by acetylcholine (ACh) and the nicotinic agonists levamisole and morantel. These effects were mimicked by the nicotinic ganglionic blocker mecamylamine, suggesting that the anthelmintic activity of PHQ and marcfortines is due to blockade of cholinergic neuromuscular transmission. The effects of these compounds were also examined on subtypes of human nicotinic ACh receptors expressed in mammalian cells with a Ca2+ flux assay. 2DPHQ blocked nicotinic stimulation of cells expressing alpha3 ganglionic (IC50 approximately 9 microm) and muscle-type (IC50 approximately 3 microm) nicotinic cholinergic receptors, but was inactive at 100 microm vs. the alpha7 CNS subtype. PHQ anthelmintics are nicotinic cholinergic antagonists in both nematodes and mammals, and this mechanism appears to underlie both their efficacy and toxicity.
Loss of strength contributes more to physical disability after stroke than loss of dexterity (2004)

Loss of strength is a more significant contributor than loss of dexterity to physical disability after stroke. This suggests that, where significant weakness is present, exercise designed to increase strength will be required to decrease disability.
Carbons and Electrolytes for Advanced Supercapacitors (2014)

Electrical energy storage (EES) is one of the most critical areas of technological research around the world. Storing and efficiently using electricity generated by intermittent sources and the transition of our transportation fleet to electric drive depend fundamentally on the development of EES systems with high energy and power densities. Supercapacitors are promising devices for highly efficient energy storage and power management, yet they still suffer from moderate energy densities compared to batteries. To establish a detailed understanding of the science and technology of carbon/carbon supercapacitors, this review discusses the basic principles of the electrical double-layer (EDL), especially regarding the correlation between ion size/ion solvation and the pore size of porous carbon electrodes. We summarize the key aspects of various carbon materials synthesized for use in supercapacitors. With the objective of improving the energy density, the last two sections are dedicated to strategies to increase the capacitance by either introducing pseudocapacitive materials or by using novel electrolytes that allow to increasing the cell voltage. In particular, advances in ionic liquids, but also in the field of organic electrolytes, are discussed and electrode mass balancing is expanded because of its importance to create higher performance asymmetric electrochemical capacitors.
Intravitreal Injection Technique (2011)

As the intravitreal injection of therapeutic medication plays an increasingly large role in ophthalmology, its implementation continues to be modified and refined. Variations in injection technique are discussed, and the authors combine their clinical and research experience with a review of the literature to propose a recommended intravitreal injection protocol.
Evaluation of the Bystander Effect in Experimental Brain Tumors Bearing Herpes Simplex Virus–Thymidine Kinase Gene by Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1996)

Antitumor effects of herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene transfer followed by ganciclovir (GCV) administration were studied by serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with reference to the bystander effect. Mixed populations of 9L-gliosarcoma cells transduced with the HSV-tk gene (TK cells) and wild-type 9L cells were implanted into the brain of syngeneic Fisher rats at various ratios (total cell number, 10(5) cells; percentage of TK cells, 100%, 25%, 10%, or 0%). Rats were treated with GCV (30 mg/kg per day) or saline for 14 days and tumor masses were visually monitored using MRI. All of the saline-treated rats (regardless of TK cell percentage) and GCV-treated rats inoculated with 0% TK cells died between day 19 and day 31 (mean survival, 22.9 days) due to progressive tumor growth. The GCV-treated rats inoculated with more than 10% of TK cells lived significantly longer than the saline-treated rats (p < 0.01). The mean survivals of GCV-treated groups were 50.7, 70.0, and longer than 100 days for 10%, 25%, and 100% TK cells, respectively. MRI study revealed that reduction in tumor size and disappearance of tumor were observed in the GCV-treated rats inoculated with 10% or 25% TK cells. Complete regression of the tumor was, however, observed only in the rats implanted with 100% TK cells. The present results show that the bystander effect is clearly observed in vivo in a TK percentage-dependent manner, and a population of more than 25% of TK-positive cells is required for complete tumor elimination.
Insulin-stimulated Phosphorylation of a Rab GTPase-activating Protein Regulates GLUT4 Translocation (2003)

Insulin stimulates the rapid translocation of intracellular glucose transporters of the GLUT4 isotype to the plasma membrane in fat and muscle cells. The connections between known insulin signaling pathways and the protein machinery of this membrane-trafficking process have not been fully defined. Recently, we identified a 160-kDa protein in adipocytes, designated AS160, that is phosphorylated by the insulin-activated kinase Akt. This protein contains a GTPase-activating domain (GAP) for Rabs, which are small G proteins required for membrane trafficking. In the present study we have identified six sites of in vivo phosphorylation on AS160. These sites lie in the motif characteristic of Akt phosphorylation, and insulin treatment increased phosphorylation at five of the sites. Expression of AS160 with two or more of these sites mutated to alanine markedly inhibited insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, this inhibition did not occur when the GAP function in the phosphorylation site mutant was inactivated by a point mutation. These findings strongly indicate that insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AS160 is required for GLUT4 translocation and that this phosphorylation signals translocation through inactivation of the Rab GAP function.
Ultra narrow-band optical fibre sidetap filters (2002)

We present a new fibre structure for use in sidetap filters for telecommunications applications with low insertion loss due to splices and bends and a filter FWHM bandwidth of only 3.4 nm. The aim of our research in this area has been to find fibre and grating designs yielding very narrow filter responses while maintaining low backreflection by the appropriate choice of blaze angle, and low insertion loss due to splices and bends by the appropriate choice of index profile.
Developmental patterning deciphered in avian chimeras (2008)

I started my scientific carer by investigating the development of the digestive tract in the laboratory of a well-known embryologist, Etienne Wolff, then professor at the Collège de France. My animal model was the chick embryo. The investigations that I pursued on liver development together with serendipity, led me to devise a cell-marking technique based on the construction of chimeric embryos between two closely related species of birds, the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and the chick (Gallus gallus). The possibility to follow the migration and fate of the cells throughout development from early embryonic stages up to hatching and even after birth, was a breakthrough in developmental biology of higher vertebrates. This article describes some of scientific achievements based on the use of this technique in my laboratory during the last 38 years.
All Tcf HMG box transcription factors interact with Groucho-related co-repressors (2001)

Tcf/Lef family transcription factors are the downstream effectors of the Wingless/Wnt signal transduction pathway. Upon Wingless/Wnt signalling, beta-catenin translocates to the nucleus, interacts with Tcf (1-3) and thus activates transcription of target genes (4,5). Tcf factors also interact with members of the Groucho (Grg/TLE) family of transcriptional co-repressors (6). We have now tested all known mammalian Groucho family members for their ability to interact specifically with individual Tcf/Lef family members. Transcriptional activation by any Tcf could be repressed by Grg-1, Grg-2/TLE-2, Grg-3 and Grg-4 in a reporter assay. Specific interactions between Tcf and Grg proteins may be achieved in vivo by tissue- or cell type-limited expression. To address this, we determined the expression of all Tcf and Grg/TLE family members in a panel of cell lines. Within any cell line, several Tcfs and TLEs are co-expressed. Thus, redundancy in Tcf/Grg interactions appears to be the rule. The 'long' Groucho family members containing five domains are repressors of Tcf-mediated transactivation, whereas Grg-5, which only contains the first two domains, acts as a de-repressor. As previously shown for Drosophila Groucho, we show that long Grg proteins interact with histone deacetylase-1. Although Grg-5 contains the GP homology domain that mediates HDAC binding in long Grg proteins, Grg-5 fails to bind this co-repressor, explaining how it can de-repress transcription.
[Value of echography in the diagnosis of postoperative complications]. (1989)

The results of ultrasonic investigation of 54 females with a variety of complications following uterine and adnexal surgery are reviewed. Echograms are presented, and echographic description of intraperitoneal hemorrhages, hematomas at various sites, peritonitis, infiltrations, abscesses, ligature fistulas, pelvic foreign bodies, etc. is made. Echography is shown to be a highly valuable method for the diagnosis of postoperative complications.
Expression of several genes in the human chromosome 3p21.3 homozygous deletion region by an adenovirus vector results in tumor suppressor activities in vitro and in vivo. (2002)

A group of candidate tumor suppressor genes (designated CACNA2D2, PL6, 101F6, NPRL2, BLU, RASSF1, FUS1, HYAL2, and HYAL1) has been identified in a 120-kb critical tumor homozygous deletion region (found in lung and breast cancers) of human chromosome 3p21.3. We studied the effects of six of these 3p21.3 genes (101F6, NPRL2, BLU, FUS1, HYAL2, and HYAL1) on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis in human lung cancer cells by recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in vitro and in vivo. We found that forced expression of wild-type FUS1, 101F6, and NPRL2 genes significantly inhibited tumor cell growth by induction of apoptosis and alteration of cell cycle processes in 3p21.3 120-kb region-deficient (homozygous) H1299 and A549 cells but not in the 3p21.3 120-kb region-heterozygous H358 and the normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Intratumoral injection of Ad-101F6, Ad-FUS1, Ad-NPRL2, and Ad-HYAL2 vectors or systemic administration of protamine-complexed vectors significantly suppressed growth of H1299 and A549 tumor xenografts and inhibited A549 experimental lung metastases in nu/nu mice. Together, our results, coupled with other studies demonstrating a tumor suppressor role for the RASSSF1A isoform, suggest that multiple contiguous genes in the 3p21.3 120-kb chromosomal region may exhibit tumor suppressor activity in vitro and in vivo.
Dietary Pectin–Derived Acidic Oligosaccharides Improve the Pulmonary Bacterial Clearance ofPseudomonas aeruginosaLung Infection in Mice by Modulating Intestinal Microbiota and Immunity (2014)

These results suggest that pAOS may have beneficial effects by limiting the number and severity of pulmonary exacerbations in patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa, such as individuals with cystic fibrosis.