gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vitreous hemorrhage associated with acute posterior vitreous detachment--a case report. (1993)

A case of vitreous hemorrhage associated with acute posterior vitreous detachment was reported. The patient was a 64-year-old man who complained of floaters in his left eye of one-week duration. His previous medical and ocular histories were unremarkable. Slit-lamp examination with Goldmann three-mirror contact lens showed complete posterior vitreous detachment in both eyes. Ophthalmoscopic examination and fluorescein angiogram revealed a partial defect in retinal blood flow in the midperipheral area of the superotemporal region of the left fundus. On follow-up examination, recovery of the retinal circulation was observed in that region and the vitreous hemorrhage had spontaneously resolved. The diagnosis was made in the left eye of rupture of retinal vein due to vitreous traction associated with acute posterior vitreous detachment without retinal break formation.
The Control of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Sugarbeets by Fumigant and Non-Fumigant Nematicides (1978)

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Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening (2011)

Screening with the use of low-dose CT reduces mortality from lung cancer. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute; National Lung Screening Trial ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00047385.).
Epigenetic and experimental modifications in early mammalian development: Part I: Mitochondria: potential roles in embryogenesis and nucleocytoplasmic transfer (2001)

This review examines current understanding of mammalian mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA in the light of new reproductive technologies. Mitochondria are central to ageing, apoptosis, metabolism and many diseases. They are controlled by a dual genome system, with cooperation between endogenous mitochondrial genes and mitochondrial genes translocated to the nucleus over the course of evolution. This translocation has been accompanied by extreme compression of the mitochondrial genome, with little tolerance for mutations or heteroplasmy (multiple genomes). The highly compact mitochondrial genome appears to be maintained by a stringent numerical bottleneck in embryogenesis and oogenesis, followed by clonal expansion from a highly selected subset of precursor molecules. The dual nature of control between nucleus and cytoplasm sets up potential conflicts, which are normally resolved by natural selection. Such potentially opposing interests and mechanisms are probably partly to blame for the poor rates of success in cloning animals by nuclear transfer. The ability to construct cell systems and animal embryos with novel combinations and permutations of nuclear and cytoplasmic genes will provide powerful tools for examining these fundamental biological questions. Clinically, attempts to 'rescue' abnormal human oocytes or embryos by cytoplasmic transfer risk complex and unpredictable outcomes emerging from disharmonious nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions.
A light viewfinder pipeline for consumer devices application (2003)

The paper describes an image generation pipeline able to realize a "viewfinder". The viewfinder of a typical handset device allows user to track in real time the scene under detection. The pipeline is composed by a set of blocks implementing demosaicing and image enhancement algorithms with new and efficient techniques able to reduce considerably the computational overhead. Experiments show how modest computational resources can be coupled with acceptable perceived image quality for this particular target.
Helicobacter hepaticus infection in BALB/c mice abolishes subunit-vaccine-induced protection against M. tuberculosis (2015)

BCG, the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), provides geographically variable protection, an effect ascribed to exposure to environmental mycobacteria (EM). Here we show that altering the intestinal microbiota of mice by early-life infection with the commensal bacterium Helicobacter hepaticus (Hh) increases their susceptibility to challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Furthermore Hh-infected mice immunised parenterally with the recombinant subunit vaccine, human adenovirus type 5 expressing the immunodominant antigen 85A of Mtb (Ad85A), display a reduced lung immune response and protection against Mtb challenge is also reduced. Expression of interleukin 10 (IL10) messenger RNA is increased in the colon of Hh infected mice. Treatment of Hh-infected Ad85A-immunised mice with anti-IL10 receptor antibody, following challenge with Mtb, restores the protective effect of the vaccine. These data show for the first time that alteration of the intestinal microbiota by addition of a single commensal organism can profoundly influence protection induced by a TB subunit vaccine via an IL10-dependent mechanism, a result with implications for the deployment of such vaccines in the field.
Comparison of anti-fading agents used in fluorescence microscopy: image analysis and laser confocal microscopy study. (1993)

To ascertain the ability of commercial and home-made anti-fading media to reduce the decrease of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) fluorescence, we studied the bleaching characteristics of FITC-stained Reh 6 cells mounted in buffered glycerol and in anti-fading media. We measured the intensity of fluorescence over time with a confocal laser scanning microscope and a standard epifluorescence microscope coupled to an image analysis system. Most of the anti-fading media effectively retard fading but each has drawbacks. Better results were obtained with media containing p-phenylenediamine (solutions in buffered glycerol, Vectashield, Fluorstop). However, Mowiol, Slowfade, n-propyl gallate (20 g/liter) were also effective in retarding fading. Most of them, except Mowiol, reduced fluorescence intensity. We concluded that the choice of anti-fading medium would depend on the desired results: a slower decay of fluorescence despite an initial quenching of fluorescence or a lower retardant effect with no decrease in initial fluorescence intensity. Moreover, the combination of Mowiol with another anti-fading medium may be a useful compromise when a strong retardant effect is required without marked quenching of the initial fluorescence.
An EMG-Position Controlled System for an Active Ankle-Foot Prosthesis: An Initial Experimental Study (2005)

Although below-knee prostheses have been commercially available for some time, today's devices are completely passive, and consequently, their mechanical properties remain fixed with walking speed and terrain. To improve the current performance of below-knee prostheses, we study the feasibility of using the amputee's residual limb EMG signals to control the ankle position of an active ankle-foot prosthesis. We propose two control schemes to predict the amputee's intended ankle position: a neural network approach and a muscle model approach. We test these approaches using EMG data measured from an amputee for several target ankle movement patterns. We find that both controllers demonstrate the ability to predict desired ankle movement patterns qualitatively. In the current implementation, the biomimetic EMG-controller demonstrates a smoother and more natural movement pattern than that demonstrated by the neural network approach, suggesting that a biologically-motivated, model-based approach may offer certain advantages in the control of active ankle prostheses.
Strategies and Advancement in Antibody-Drug Conjugate Optimization for Targeted Cancer Therapeutics (2015)

Antibody-drug conjugates utilize the antibody as a delivery vehicle for highly potent cytotoxic molecules with specificity for tumor-associated antigens for cancer therapy. Critical parameters that govern successful antibody-drug conjugate development for clinical use include the selection of the tumor target antigen, the antibody against the target, the cytotoxic molecule, the linker bridging the cytotoxic molecule and the antibody, and the conjugation chemistry used for the attachment of the cytotoxic molecule to the antibody. Advancements in these core antibody-drug conjugate technology are reflected by recent approval of Adectris(®) (anti-CD30-drug conjugate) and Kadcyla(®) (anti-HER2 drug conjugate). The potential approval of an anti-CD22 conjugate and promising new clinical data for anti-CD19 and anti-CD33 conjugates are additional advancements. Enrichment of antibody-drug conjugates with newly developed potent cytotoxic molecules and linkers are also in the pipeline for various tumor targets. However, the complexity of antibody-drug conjugate components, conjugation methods, and off-target toxicities still pose challenges for the strategic design of antibody-drug conjugates to achieve their fullest therapeutic potential. This review will discuss the emergence of clinical antibody-drug conjugates, current trends in optimization strategies, and recent study results for antibody-drug conjugates that have incorporated the latest optimization strategies. Future challenges and perspectives toward making antibody-drug conjugates more amendable for broader disease indications are also discussed.
Use of High Spatial Resolution Fiber-Optic Shape Sensors to Monitor the Shape of Deployable Space Structures (2005)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Roger G. Duncan, Matthew T. Raum, David P. Cadogan, Joseph R. Blandino; Use of High Spatial Resolution Fiber‐Optic Shape Sensors to Monitor the Shape of Deployable Space Structures. AIP Conf. Proc. 6 February 2005; 746 (1): 880–886. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1867211 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Formation of silicon tips with &lt;1 nm radius (1990)

Electron emitters in vacuum microelectronic devices need sharp tips in order to permit electron emission at moderate voltages. A method has been found for preparing uniform silicon tips with a radius of curvature less than 1 nm. These tips are formed by oxidation of 5-μm-high silicon cones through exploitation of a known oxidation inhibition of silicon at regions of high curvature.
A truncated version of an ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase promoter from potato specifies guard cell-selective expression in transgenic plants. (1994)

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key regulatory enzyme in starch biosynthesis in higher plants. A 3.2-kb promoter of the large subunit gene of the AGPase from potato has been isolated and its activity analyzed in transgenic potato and tobacco plants using a promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusion system. The promoter was active in various starch-containing cells, including guard cells, tuber parenchyma cells, and the starch sheath layer of stems and petioles. No expression was observed in mesophyll cells. Analysis of various promoter derivatives showed that with respect to expression in petioles and stems, essential elements must be located in the 5' distal region of the promoter, whereas elements important for expression in tuber parenchyma cells are located in an internal fragment comprising nucleotides from positions -500 to -1200. Finally, a 0.3-kb 5' proximal promoter fragment was identified that was sufficient to obtain exclusive expression in guard cells of transgenic potato and tobacco plants. The implications of our observations are discussed with respect to starch synthesis in various tissues and the use of the newly identified promoter as a tool for stomatal biology.
The Role of Hepatocyte Hemojuvelin in the Regulation of Bone Morphogenic Protein-6 and Hepcidin Expression in Vivo (2010)

Both hemojuvelin (HJV) and bone morphogenic protein-6 (BMP6) are essential for hepcidin expression. Hepcidin is the key peptide hormone in iron homeostasis, and is secreted predominantly by hepatocytes. HJV expression is detected in hepatocytes, as well as in skeletal and heart muscle. HJV binds BMP6 and increases hepcidin expression presumably by acting as a BMP co-receptor. We characterized the role of hepatocyte HJV in the regulation of BMP6 and hepcidin expression. In HJV-null (Hjv(-/-)) mice that have severe iron overload and marked suppression of hepcidin expression, we detected 4-fold higher hepatic BMP6 mRNA than in wild-type counterparts. These results indicate that Hjv(-/-) mice do not lack BMP6. Furthermore, iron depletion in Hjv(-/-) mice decreased hepatic BMP6 mRNA. Expression of HJV in hepatocytes of Hjv(-/-) mice using an AAV2/8 vector, increased hepatic hepcidin mRNA by 65-fold and phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 in the liver by about 2.5-fold. However, no significant change in BMP6 mRNA was detected in either the liver or the small intestine of these animals. Our results revealed a close correlation of hepatic BMP6 mRNA expression with hepatic iron-loading. Together, our data indicate that the regulation of hepatic BMP6 expression by iron is independent of HJV, and that expression of HJV in hepatocytes plays an essential role in hepcidin expression by potentiating the BMP6-mediated signaling.
Automatic Labeling of Semantic Roles (2002)

We present a system for identifying the semantic relationships, or semantic roles, filled by constituents of a sentence within a semantic frame. Given an input sentence and a target word and frame, the system labels constituents with either abstract semantic roles, such as Agent or Patient, or more domain-specific semantic roles, such as Speaker, Message, and Topic. The system is based on statistical classifiers trained on roughly 50,000 sentences that were hand-annotated with semantic roles by the FrameNet semantic labeling project. We then parsed each training sentence into a syntactic tree and extracted various lexical and syntactic features, including the phrase type of each constituent, its grammatical function, and its position in the sentence. These features were combined with knowledge of the predicate verb, noun, or adjective, as well as information such as the prior probabilities of various combinations of semantic roles. We used various lexical clustering algorithms to generalize across possible fillers of roles. Test sentences were parsed, were annotated with these features, and were then passed through the classifiers. Our system achieves 82% accuracy in identifying the semantic role of presegmented constituents. At the more difficult task of simultaneously segmenting constituents and identifying their semantic role, the system achieved 65% precision and 61% recall. Our study also allowed us to compare the usefulness of different features and feature combination methods in the semantic role labeling task. We also explore the integration of role labeling with statistical syntactic parsing and attempt to generalize to predicates unseen in the training data.
The Inhibitor of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, Olomoucine II, Exhibits Potent Antiviral Properties (2009)

Our results show that when targeting two complementary antiviral mechanisms, strongly additive effects could be observed.
DNA from Bacteria, but Not from Vertebrates, Induces Interferons, Activates Natural Killer Cells and Inhibits Tumor Growth (1992)

The nucleic acid fraction from cells of 6 species of bacterium and 2 kinds of vertebrate, calf and salmon, was extracted and purified by the same procedures as described previously. When the spleen cells from BALB/c mice were incubated with the nucleic acid fraction from either of the bacteria, natural killer (NK) activity of the cells was remarkably elevated and the cells produced factors to activate macrophages and to inhibit viral growth. It was shown that the factor to activate macrophages was interferon (IFN)-gamma and that to inhibit viral growth was IFN-alpha/beta. On the other hand, the nucleic acid fraction from either of the vertebrate cells did not show such activities. Pretreatment of the bacterial nucleic acid fraction with DNase, but not with RNase, abrogated completely the biological activities. The activities of the bacterial nucleic acid were not influenced by the presence of polymyxin B, an inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the spleen cells from not only BALB/c mice but also LPS-insensitive C3H/HeJ mice were activated, indicating that the activities of the fraction were not ascribed to LPS contaminated possibly into the fraction, but to DNA itself. Intralesional injection with the bacterial DNA fraction caused regression of mouse IMC tumors, but the injection with the vertebrate DNA fraction did not. These findings prompted us to examine the biological activities of DNA samples from a variety of animals and plants, which were provided from other laboratories or purchased from manufacturers. All of the DNA samples from cells of 5 kinds of bacterium, 2 of virus and 4 of invertebrate augmented NK activity and induced IFN, more or less, in mouse spleen calls, while the DNA from 10 kinds of vertebrate, including 3 of fish and 5 of mammal, showed no such activities. The DNA from 2 species of plants, were also inactive. Possible mechanisms to explain the different biological activities of DNA from different cell sources were discussed based on our previous finding that the particular palindromic sequences with a G-C motif(s) are required for induction of IFNs and activation of NK cells with synthetic 30-mer oligonucleotides.
Some Practical Observations on Integration of Web Information. (1999)

For past several months, I have continuously maintained two Web-based information integration systems. Collectively, these systems support database-like queries concerning the information found on several thousand Web pages from about 50 sites. My experience in building and maintaining these systems has led to certain practical observations. (a) Approximate extraction and approximate query-answering make information integration at this scale feasible; however, better tools are needed to make it possible for non-experts to create and maintain such a system. (b) More time and energy is spent in maintenance than in initial development. This suggests certain new research problems -- e.g., developing automatic means for maintaining wrappers, as opposed to creating them. (c) There is a tradeoff between the number of sources that are integrated, and the depth of meta-knowledge available about any individual source.
Multi‐Center Clinical Evaluation of Combination Anorganic Bovine‐Derived Hydroxyapatite Matrix (ABM)/Cell Binding Peptide (P‐15) as a Bone Replacement Graft Material in Human Periodontal Osseous Defects. 6‐Month Results (1998)

A synthetic cell-binding peptide (P-15) combined with anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite bone matrix (ABM) was compared to demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and open flap debridement (DEBR) in human periodontal osseous defects in a controlled, monitored, multi-center trial. Following appropriate initial preparation procedures, flap surgery with defect and root debridement was performed. Three osseous defects per patient were treated randomly with one of three procedures after surgical preparation. Appropriate periodontal maintenance schedules were followed, and at 6 to 7 months re-entry flap surgery was performed for documentation and finalization of treatment. Analysis of variation (ANOVA) and t test analyses of patient mean values from 31 patients revealed that the combination ABM/P-15 grafts demonstrated significantly better mean defect fill of 2.8 +/- 1.2 mm (72.3%) versus a mean defect fill of 2.0 +/- 1.4 mm (51.4%) for defects treated with DFDBA (P <0.05) and a mean defect fill of 1.5 +/- 1.3 mm (40.3%) (P <0.05) for defects treated with DEBR. Other hard tissue findings showed similar clinically superior results with the use of ABM/P-15. Relative defect fill results showed 87% positive (50% to 100% defect fill) responses with ABM/P-15, 58% positive responses with DFDBA, and 41% positive responses with DEBR. There were 8 to 9 times more failures (minimal response) with DFDBA and DEBR (26% to 29% frequency) than with ABM/P-15. Soft tissue findings showed no significant differences among treatments except for greater clinical attachment level gain with ABM/P-15 compared to DEBR. These results suggest that the use of the P-15 synthetic cell-binding peptide combined with ABM yields better clinical results than either DFDBA or DEBR. Further studies are needed to determine the relative roles of the ABM and/or the P-15 in these improved results.
P23H opsin knock-in mice reveal a novel step in retinal rod disc morphogenesis (2013)

Retinal rod photoreceptor cells have double membrane discs located in their outer segments (ROS) that are continuously formed proximally from connecting cilia (CC) and phagocytized distally by the retinal pigmented epithelium. The major component of these rod discs, the light-sensitive visual pigment rhodopsin (Rho), consists of an opsin protein linked to 11-cis-retinal. The P23H mutation of rod opsin (P23H opsin) is the most common cause of human blinding autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). A mouse model of adRP with this mutation (Rho(P23H/+)) shows low levels of P23H opsin protein, partial misalignment of discs and progressive retinal degeneration. However, the impact of mutant P23H opsin on the formation of abnormal discs is unclear and it is still unknown whether this mutant pigment can mediate phototransduction. Using transretinal ERG recordings, we demonstrate that P23H mutant Rho can trigger phototransduction but Rho(P23H/P23H) rods are ∼17 000-fold less sensitive to light than Rho(+/+) rods and produce abnormally fast photo-responses. By analyzing homozygous Rho(P23H/P23H) knock-in mice, we show that P23H opsin is transported to ciliary protrusions where it forms sagittally elongated discs. Transmission electron microscopy of postnatal day (PND) 14 Rho(P23H/+) mouse retina revealed disordered sagittally oriented discs before the onset of retinal degeneration. Surprisingly, we also observed smaller, immature sagittally oriented discs in PND14 Rho(+/)(-) and Rho(+/+) mice that were not seen in older animals. These findings provide fundamental insights into the pathogenesis of the P23H mutant opsin and reveal a novel early sagittally aligned disc formation step in normal ROS disc expansion.
Youth Justice Pathways to Change: Drivers, Challenges and Opportunities (2019)

How and why does youth justice change? This article examines the nature and foci of change in youth justice by analysing this change as situated within processes that occur along pathways, rather than as triggered by measurable causes acting in linear ways. Our analytical framework is constituted by a series of identified potential pathways to change that are distinct, yet mutually reciprocal: political, paradigmatic, research-led and cognisant. The intention is to test key assumptions and to open up debate about the nature of youth justice change and how it can be constructed, understood and influenced.