gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting Sphingosine Kinase 1 Inhibits Akt Signaling, Induces Apoptosis, and Suppresses Growth of Human Glioblastoma Cells and Xenografts (2009)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a potent sphingolipid mediator of diverse processes important for brain tumors, including cell growth, survival, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), one of the two isoenzymes that produce sphingosine-1-phosphate, is up-regulated in glioblastoma and has been linked to poor prognosis in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In the present study, we found that a potent isotype-specific SphK1 inhibitor, SK1-I, suppressed growth of LN229 and U373 glioblastoma cell lines and nonestablished human GBM6 cells. SK1-I also enhanced GBM cell death and inhibited their migration and invasion. SK1-I rapidly reduced phosphorylation of Akt but had no significant effect on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, another important survival pathway for GBM. Inhibition of the concomitant activation of the c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase pathway induced by SK1-I attenuated death of GBM cells. Importantly, SK1-I markedly reduced the tumor growth rate of glioblastoma xenografts, inducing apoptosis and reducing tumor vascularization, and enhanced the survival of mice harboring LN229 intracranial tumors. Our results support the notion that SphK1 may be an important factor in GBM and suggest that an isozyme-specific inhibitor of SphK1 deserves consideration as a new therapeutic agent for this disease.
A Genetically Encoded Boronate‐Containing Amino Acid (2008)

A biological boronate: An orthogonal tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pair has been evolved for the genetic incorporation of a boronic acid into proteins. This amino acid has been used to purify proteins in a one-step scarless purification procedure as well as for the site-specific labeling of proteins using various boronic acid chemistries.
Erythromycin Biosynthesis:  Kinetic Studies on a Fully Active Modular Polyketide Synthase Using Natural and Unnatural Substrates (1996)

6-Deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) is a modular polyketide synthase (PKS) that catalyzes the biosynthesis of the parent macrolide of erythromycin. On the basis of a recently developed cell-free assay (Pieper et al., 1995a) we report the results of steady-state kinetic studies on a modular PKS. A truncated form of DEBS (DEBS 1+TE), in which DEBS 1 is fused to the thioesterase domain from the C-terminal end of DEBS 3, was used for most of these studies. The overall k(cat) for (2S,3S,4S,5R)-2,4-dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-n-heptanoic acid delta-lactone (C9-lactone) synthesis is 3.4 min(-1), indicating that the enzyme is at least as active in vitro as in vivo. The apparent K(m) for (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA consumption by DEBS 1+TE is 24 microM. The catalytic activity of DEBS 1+TE is strongly dependent on the phosphate concentration in the reaction buffer in the range 0-250 mM, suggesting that hydrophobic interactions may be crucial to the assembly of DEBS monomers into a functional complex. Although DEBS 1+TE can convert acetyl-, propionyl-, or butyryl-CoA into the corresponding C8-, C9-, and C10-lactones (Pieper et al., 1995b), it has a 32-fold preference for a propionate primer over an acetate primer and a 7.5-fold preference for a propionate primer over a butyrate primer. In the absence of any added primer unit, synthesis can be primed via decarboxylation of methylmalonyl-CoA; under these conditions the overall k(cat) for polyketide synthesis remains unchanged. Decarboxylation of methylmalonyl-CoA is negligible in the presence of saturating concentrations of propionyl-CoA but competes with the priming of the enzyme by acetyl-CoA or butyryl-CoA. The k(cat) for 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthesis by the complete DEBS is 0.5 min(-1). Under these assay conditions, the C9-lactone is also produced as an abortive chain elongation product with a k(cat) of 0.23 min(-1), presumably due to inefficient assembly of the multimeric protein complex involving DEBS 1, 2, and 3. Together, these results provide the first comprehensive kinetic insights into a fully active modular PKS.
c-Myc Is Glycosylated at Threonine 58, a Known Phosphorylation Site and a Mutational Hot Spot in Lymphomas (1995)

c-Myc is a helix-loop leucine zipper phosphoprotein that heterodimerizes with Max and regulates gene transcription in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and programmed cell death. Previously, we demonstrated that c-Myc is modified by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) within or nearby the N-terminal transcriptional activation domain (Chou, T.-Y., Dang, C.V., and Hart, G.W. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 4417-4421). In this paper, we identified the O-GlcNAc attachment site(s) on c-Myc. c-Myc purified from sf9 insect cells was trypsinized, and its GlcNAc moieties were enzymically labeled with [3H]galactose. The [3H]galactose-labeled glycopeptides were isolated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and then subjected to gas-phase sequencing, manual Edman degradation, and laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. These analyses show that threonine 58, an in vivo phosphorylation site in the transactivation domain, is the major O-GlcNAc glycosylation site of c-Myc. Mutation of threonine 58, frequently found in retroviral v-Myc proteins and in human Burkitt and AIDS-related lymphomas, is associated with enhanced transforming activity and tumorigenicity. The reciprocal glycosylation and phosphorylation at this biologically significant amino acid residue may play an important role in the regulation of the functions of c-Myc.
Deriving the consequences of genomic variants with the Ensembl API and SNP Effect Predictor (2010)

The Ensembl SNP Effect Predictor can be accessed via the Ensembl website at http://www.ensembl.org/. The Ensembl API (http://www.ensembl.org/info/docs/api/api_installation.html for installation instructions) is open source software.
Homologous recombination intermediates between two duplex DNA catalysed by human cell extracts (1987)

Using as substrates, 1: the replicative form (RF) of phage M13 mp8 in which the reading frame of the lac Z' gene was disrupted by insertion of an octonucleotide, and 2: a restriction fragment one kb long, containing the functional lac Z' gene (isolated from wild type M13 mp8), we show that nuclear extracts from human cells (3 lines tested) promote the targeted replacement of the altered sequence by the functional one. Following incubation with the extracts, the DNA's were introduced in JM 109 bacteria (rec A- and lac Z'-) which were grown in presence of a colorimetric indicator of beta-galactosidase activity. Homologous recombination gives rise to the genotypical modification: lac Z'+ instead of lac Z'- in the bacteriophage DNA. This is revealed by phenotypical expression of the lac Z' gene product in replicating bacteriophage, i.e. the formation of blue instead of white plaques. The frequency of recombination (blue/total plaques) is increased by a factor of 50-80 as a function of protein concentration and of incubation time. The maximal frequency observed is 5 X 10(-5). There is no increase over the background when extracts are boiled. Electrophoresis and electron microscopy of DNA's incubated with the extracts show the formation of recombination intermediates with single strand exchange. Restriction analysis of recombined DNA confirms that the process corresponds to targeted sequence exchange. These data allow to propose three steps for homologous recombination between two duplex DNA's: i) unpairing of the two duplexes; ii) single-strand exchange and synaptic pairing; iii) resolution of the cross-junctions. The three steps correspond to those predicted by the gene conversion model of Holliday.
Laser spectroscopic gas concentration measurements in situations with unknown optical path length enabled by absorption line shape analysis (2013)

The concentrations of molecular oxygen and nitrogen in a gas mixture were determined by their impact on the shape of a water vapor line in the near infrared region using diode laser absorption spectroscopy. The shape of the water vapor line depends on the composition of other gases in the mixture and can therefore be used to deduce the concentration of partner molecules, e.g., oxygen, in the buffer. The method enables gas concentration measurements in situations when the path length is unknown, measurements of many gases simultaneously, and measurements of gases lacking suitable absorption lines.
Transitional structures in lamellar bone (1996)

Scanning electron micrographs of fractured surfaces of mineralized bone show a lamellar structure with alternating smooth and rough regions. These have been interpreted as corresponding to two distinct collagen fibril and mineral crystal orientations in a rotated plywood structure. However, in various bones, there are clear indications of transition zones between lamellae in which the fibrils, as well as the plate-like crystals, have intermediate orientations. Strong evidence for intermediate collagen fibril orientations comes from vitrified cryo-sections of demineralized bone. These show zones of fibril segments graded in length between more homogenous regions of fibrils roughly parallel to the specimen section. Evidence for intermediate crystal orientations comes from transmission electron micrographs and electron diffraction patterns of crushed bone fragments. A tentative scheme is presented for an interlamellar transition zone, involving rotation about the collagen fibril axis as well as tilting of this axis parallel to the plane of the interlamellar boundary. Although it may be convenient to think of the structure of lamellar bone as being composed of alternating thick and thin lamellae, it is probably more correct and biologically more relevant to consider one pair of lamellae as the product of a single depositional cycle of varyingly oriented collagen fibrils that subsequently mineralize. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Generation of wavelength-tunable single-mode picosecond pulses from a self-seeded gain-switched Fabry–Perot laser diode with a high-birefringence fiber loop mirror (2000)

We demonstrate a simple self-seeding scheme for generating wavelength-tunable single-mode picosecond pulses at a fixed repetition rate with a Fabry–Perot (FP) laser diode. In this scheme, the FP laser diode is self-seeded from a high-birefringence (HiBi) fiber loop mirror that acts as a periodic multichannel wavelength filter. By setting the channel spacing of the filter properly, stepwise wavelength tuning over a wide range can be achieved by either changing the FP cavity roundtrip phase shift or tuning the fiber loop mirror filter. With this scheme, fast electrical tuning is also possible by incorporating a phase-control section into the FP cavity. Using a HiBi fiber loop mirror with a channel spacing of 1.56 nm and a FP laser diode with a mode spacing of 1.45 nm, we were able to generate picosecond pulses at a repetition rate of approximately 2 GHz, whose wavelength could be tuned stepwise over ten successive laser cavity modes by either changing the temperature of the laser diode or tensioning/pressing a section of the HiBi fiber in the loop mirror. A side-mode suppression ratio over 15 dB over the entire tuning range was achieved.
The MPEG video compression standard (2002)

A video compression technique has been developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG-Video) in order to achieve both universal and cost-effective solutions for video compression. The MPEG video compression technique covers many applications, from interactive systems to movies. The quality of the compressed video with the MPEG algorithm at about 1.5 Mb/s is comparable to that of consumer-grade VCRs. The quality, cost, and features of the MPEG video algorithm makes it directly applicable to personal computers and workstations, thus allowing the development of many new applications integrating video, sound, images, text, and graphics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[Suppressive effect of synthetic polypeptide GT on the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to a complex GT + methylated bovine serum albumin (author's transl)]. (1981)

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to the random copolymers poly(Glu50Tyr50) (GT) or poly(Glu60Ala30Tyr10) (GAT) could be produced in BALB/c mice when the polymers were injected complexed to a methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA). The pretreatment with GT or with mBSA 4 days before the immunisation with the complex GT-mBSA suppressed the induction of the DTH to both GT and mBSA moieties of the GT-mBSA complex. A similar pretreatment with GAT had no suppressor effect on the induction of DTH to GT-mBSA. Injection of cyclophosphamide 2 days before or 2 days after the pretreatment with GT eliminated the suppressor effect of GT on the induction of DTH with the complex GT-mBSA.
Advances in Study of Interactions between Mycorrhizal Fungi and Bacteria (2013)

Interactions between organisms have been one of the focus in biology and ecology.In particular, the interaction between fungi and bacteria has been paid more attention to.Among of them,the mycorrhizal fungi(MF)as a functioning biont widely distribute in various ecosystems,directly and indirectly interact with the other organisms(eg bacteria,etc.)inhabited in the same root zone niche,involve into the whole ecological processes,and play apivotal role in the substance transformation,energy flow,message transmission,environmental and biological health,ecosystems sustainable productivity.This paper summarizes the interaction characters between MF and their associated bacteria,root growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR),symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria,the endophytic bacteria,plant pathogenic bacteria,as well as interaction with other bacterias;discusses the possible mechanisms of interactions between MF and bacteria,in order to provide a theoretical basis and ideas for adding the research content of mycorrhizology,exploring ways to enhance MF physiological and ecological functions,and promoting the application of MF.
A New Two-Constant Equation of State (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Two-Constant Equation of StateDing-Yu Peng and Donald B. RobinsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1976, 15, 1, 59–64Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160057a011https://doi.org/10.1021/i160057a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21168Altmetric-Citations9849LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Flip chip attachment using anisotropic conductive adhesives and electroless nickel bumps (1997)

Flip chip attachments provide the highest interconnection density possible, which makes this technology very attractive for use with liquid crystal display (LCD) packaging methods. This technology stimulated the development of new interconnection techniques, such as anisotropic adhesives. However, several factors have hindered the wide use of this technology. These factors include the availability and costs of bumped wafers. IZM and TU-Berlin have addressed both of these concerns by establishing a wafer-bumping facility which uses electroless nickel bumps. The combination of anisotropic adhesives and electroless nickel bumps has the potential for a low-cost chip on glass (COG) and chip on flex (COF) bonding technology. In this paper, two types of anisotropic adhesives were studied with an emphasis on the properties of COG and COF interconnections. The electrical and mechanical performance of the adhesive bonds was studied by evaluating initial contact resistance and mechanical adhesion as a function of temperature and humidity.
Identification and molecular characterization of a transcriptional regulator from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 exhibiting structural and functional similarity to the FNR protein of Escherichia coli (1991)

A gene library of chromosomal DNA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa contained a DNA fragment which was able to restore anaerobic growth to an Escherichia coli fnr deletion mutant on glycerol/nitrate medium. The cloned gene (termed anr) was sequenced and shown to encode a protein of 244 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 27,129. The deduced amino acid sequence of the anr gene product showed considerable similarity to the FNR protein from E. coli. Expression of the anr gene in a T7 promoter/polymerase system identified ANR as a 31 kDa protein. Transcriptional analysis of the anr gene showed that it is monocistronic but apparently lacks the equivalent sites for negative autoregulation which have been shown to be present in the promoter region of the E. coli fnr gene. The ANR protein was shown to activate transcription of the pfl gene in E. coli in response to anaerobiosis, as well as being able to restore the activity of three anaerobically inducible enzymes. A P. aeruginosa mutant incapable of growing anaerobically with nitrate or on arginine was fully complemented by the anr gene, indicating that it probably has a function in controlling anaerobic gene expression in Pseudomonas. Further corroboration for this assumption was provided by S1 nuclease analysis of transcription of the multiple promoters of the E. coli pfl operon in P. aeruginosa. Transcription was induced by oxygen limitation and was completely ANR-dependent in both aerobic and anaerobic cells. Removal of the upstream regulatory sequence of the pfl operon, which includes the sequences required for FNR-dependent regulation in E. coli, removed ANR-dependent transcriptional control of the remaining pfl promoters, irrespective of the cellular oxygen status. These results imply that the mechanisms by which ANR and FNR regulate transcription are fundamentally similar.
Intuition, perception, and secure communication (1989)

The possibility of integrating human visual intelligence into the process of encrypting sensitive information by presenting certain visual information to the recipient's eye is discussed. This adds a new dimension to the cryptocomplexity of such a process. Two implementations are based on this principle are described. The first shows how keys used for encryption can be randomly generated by the transmitter, without the necessity of exchanging them with the legitimate recipient. The keys are 'embedded' in a master key and are recovered from it by the intelligence of the legitimate recipient after he or she uses the master key. No human intelligence can be helpful to a user who does not possess the master key. The second implementation concerns the possibility of creating a secret connection between a numerical key and a specific image (e.g. a face). Such a scheme can be used, for example, in validating the identity of the users of credit cards.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In vivo versus in vitro produced bovine ova: similarities and differences relevant for practical application (1998)

This present review describes some differences and similarities between bovine embryos produced in vivo and in vitro. The first part outlines the respective environments during maturation, fertilisation and early embryonic development of the two types of embryos and compares their morphological, biochemical and genomic characteristics. Results from comparative studies on embryo metabolism and gene expression reveal that most parameters are similar, but some significant differences of presumptive importance for normal development have been described. Morphologic and kinetic differences between in vitro and in vivo produced embryos are also well documented. However, improved culture conditions have been reported to minimise the differences. The second part focuses on the practical consequences of the differences in relation to embryo selection, cryopreservation, sanitary risks and pregnancy following transfer as well as normality of calves. Lower viability following transfer and increased susceptibility to cryopreservation of in vitro produced embryos is discussed. Finally and most importantly, reported evidence of increased sanitary risks and abnormal foetal development associated with in vitro produced embryos is presented.
Xenotransplantation - state of the art - Update 1999 (1999)

Organ transplantation is limited by the number of cadaveric human donor organs that become available. Xenotransplantation - the transplantation of organs and tissues between animal species - would supply an unlimited number of organs and offer many other advantages. The pig has been identified as the most suitable donor animal. Pig organs, when transplanted into humans or nonhuman primates, are, however, rejected hyperacutely within minutes by antibody-mediated complement activation. Human anti-pig antibodies have been identified as being directed against galactose alpha 1-3galactose (alpha Gal) epitopes on pig vascular endothelium. Methods have been successfully developed to prevent hyperacute rejection. These include (i) depletion or inhibition of recipient antibodies or complement and (ii) development of transgenic pigs that express a human complement-regulatory protein (e.g. hDAF). The persistence or return of anti-pig antibody, however, even following the use of hDAF pig organs, eventually leads to what has been variously termed "acute vascular rejection" or "delayed xenograft rejection", which is again believed to be largely antibody-dependent. Nevertheless, experimental pig-to-primate organ xenotransplantation now results in transplant function for days and weeks rather than minutes. Little is yet known of the nature of the acute cellular rejection response that is anticipated to follow, and of any subsequent chronic rejection that may develop. Tolerance to both the alpha Gal epitope and to swine leukocyte antigens (SLA) is being explored using gene therapy techniques and by the induction of hematopoietic cell chimerism. The development of genetically engineered pigs that do not express the alpha Gal epitope is also being pursued. Considerable progress has been made in recent years, but experimental results do not yet warrant the initiation of a clinical trial of organ xenotransplantation. However, trials are already underway of pig cell transplants in patients with diabetes and neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson's disease.
NetExpert : sistema basado en inteligencia artificial para la localización de expertos (2001)

Localizar las competencias y conocimientos de los miembros de una comunidad es un problema clave para mejorar la gestion del conocimiento en un grupo. En la actual sociedad, inundada por grandes cantidades de informacion, las personas que tengan conocimientos en un tema concreto, (tambien llamadas expertos), pueden ayudar a ahorrarrecursos y esfuerzos. Encontrar el experto adecuado y saber como poder llegar a el son problemas que siempre han existido pero, debido a las nuevas tecnologias de la informacion y la comunicacion, el problema esta adquiriendo mas y'mas importancia ya que las nuevas tecnologias ocultan gran parte del conocimiento sobre el resto de nuestra comunidad (tambien llamado entorno social).