gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defect Engineering in SrI2:Eu2+ Single Crystal Scintillators (2015)

Eu2+-activated strontium iodide is an excellent single crystal scintillator used for gamma-ray detection, and significant effort is currently focused on the development of large-scale crystal growth techniques. A new approach of molten-salt pumping or so-called melt aging was recently applied to optimize the crystal quality and scintillation performance. Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanism of this technique is still lacking. The main purpose of this paper is to conduct an in-depth study of the interplay between microstructure, trap centers, and scintillation efficiency after melt aging treatment. Three SrI2:2 mol % Eu2+ single crystals with 16 mm diameter were grown using the Bridgman method under identical growth conditions with the exception of the melt aging time (e.g., 0, 24, and 72 h). Using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, it is found that the matrix composition of the finished crystal after melt aging treatment approaches the stoichiometric composition. The mechanism responsible for the formation of secondary phase inclusions in melt-aged SrI2:Eu2+ is discussed. Simultaneous improvement in light yield, energy resolution, scintillation decay-time and afterglow is achieved in melt-aged SrI2:Eu2+. The correlation between performance improvement and defect structure is addressed. The results of this paper lead to a better understanding of the effects of defect engineering in control and optimization of metal halide scintillators using the melt aging technique.
Slurry Bioremediation of Petrochemical Waste Sludges (1992)

Slurry bioremediation testing was conducted on waste sludges from petrochemical production. The study concludes that the apparent mechanism for remediation of the waste involves an initial dissolution of the waste constituents into the aqueous phase followed by actual biodegradation. The test reactor most successful in the solubilization and dispersal of waste constituents and possibly most effective in reducing waste sludge mass during treatment is the reactor with the lowest waste sludge-to-microorganism ratio.
Biologically active components of anise: toxicity and interactions with insecticides in insects (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiologically active components of anise: toxicity and interactions with insecticides in insectsCraig Marcus and E. Paul LichtensteinCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1979, 27, 6, 1217–1223Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60226a077https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60226a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views327Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thalidomide in the treatment of sixty cases of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (1983)

The therapeutic effect of thalidomide in chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (CDLE) was studied in sixty patients who were followed up for 2 years. In fifty-four patients (90%) a complete or marked regression of the disease was observed, but when the thalidomide was stopped, thirty out of forty-one (71%) patients relapsed. Patients undergoing a second course of thalidomide treatment again responded well. Nine of the patients in whom the disease recurred after successful treatment with thalidomide and who had been unresponsive to intermittent treatment with antimalarials, showed a good response to a second or third course with thalidomide. Mild side-effects were common and 25% of patients complained of slight to moderate polyneuritic symptoms. Since electroneurological examinations had not been performed before the thalidomide therapy, the frequency of neurological side-effects cannot be accurately calculated but we recommend neurological examinations before and periodically during thalidomide treatment. Thalidomide is a very effective drug in CDLE, but in most cases it exerts its effect only whilst treatment is continued. Its use should be restricted to patients resistant to topical steroids and systemic antimalarials.
The renal stem cell system in kidney repair and regeneration (2008)

The adult mammalian renal tubular epithelium exists in a relatively quiescent to slowly replicating state, but has great potential for regenerative morphogenesis following severe ischemic or toxic injury. Kidney regeneration and repair occur through three cellular and molecular mechanisms: differentiation of the somatic stem cells, recruitment of circulating stem cells and, more importantly, proliferation/dedifferentiation of mature cells. Dedifferentiation seems to represent a critical step for the recovery of tubular integrity. Dedifferentiation of tubular cells after injury is characterized by the reactivation of a mesenchymal program that is active during nephrogenesis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular cells is an extreme manifestation of epithelial cell plasticity. It is now widely recognized as a fundamental process that marks some physiological, such as morphogenesis, as well as pathological events, such as oncogenesis and fibrogenesis. It might be also considered as a key event in the regenerative process of the kidney. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in EMT might be useful for designing therapeutic strategies in order to potentiate the innate capacity of the kidney to regenerate.
The Case for Massive Arrays of Idle Disks ({MAID}) (2002)

This FPLC method is easy, rapid and reproducible, and can be used for an assay of diabetic rat HbAlc to evaluate and screen new drugs for diabetes mellitus therapy.
Muscarinic Receptors in Airways Diseases (2001)

What are the different muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and how are they distributed in the airways and molecular signalling mechanisms? What is their function in neurogenic and non-neurogenic control of the airways and in inflammatory mechanisms? How is their gene expression regulated? The great importance of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors for the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic inflammatory obstructive airways diseases calls for a comprehensive and integrated overview of the current knowledge to address such questions, to discuss the role of these receptor subtypes in diseases such as asthma and COPD, and to present novel perspectives on antimuscarinic drug development. The present book is the worthy result of this need. It points out innovative insights into the hitherto poorly understood role of postjunctional muscarinic M2 receptors in airway smooth muscle contraction and sheds some light on the novel concepts of antimuscarinic drug development, with special reference to the l
Prediction of functional aerobic capacity without exercise testing (1990)

The purpose of this study was to develop functional aerobic capacity prediction models without using exercise tests (N-Ex) and to compare the accuracy with Astrand single-stage submaximal prediction methods. The data of 2,009 subjects (9.7% female) were randomly divided into validation (N = 1,543) and cross-validation (N = 466) samples. The validation sample was used to develop two N-Ex models to estimate VO2peak. Gender, age, body composition, and self-report activity were used to develop two N-Ex prediction models. One model estimated percent fat from skinfolds (N-Ex %fat) and the other used body mass index (N-Ex BMI) to represent body composition. The multiple correlations for the developed models were R = 0.81 (SE = 5.3 ml.kg-1.min-1) and R = 0.78 (SE = 5.6 ml.kg-1.min-1). This accuracy was confirmed when applied to the cross-validation sample. The N-Ex models were more accurate than what was obtained from VO2peak estimated from the Astrand prediction models. The SEs of the Astrand models ranged from 5.5-9.7 ml.kg-1.min-1. The N-Ex models were cross-validated on 59 men on hypertensive medication and 71 men who were found to have a positive exercise ECG. The SEs of the N-Ex models ranged from 4.6-5.4 ml.kg-1.min-1 with these subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Steady-State Internal Redox State (NADH/NAD) Reflects the External Redox State and Is Correlated with Catabolic Adaptation in Escherichia coli (1999)

Escherichia coli MC4100 was grown in anaerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures, either in the presence of an electron acceptor (fumarate, nitrate, or oxygen) or fully fermentatively. The steady-state NADH/NAD ratio depended on the nature of the electron acceptor. Anaerobically, the ratio was highest, and it decreased progressively with increasing midpoint potential of the electron acceptor. Similarly, decreasing the dissolved oxygen tension resulted in an increased NADH/NAD ratio. As pyruvate catabolism is a major switch point between fermentative and respiratory behavior, the fluxes through the different pyruvate-consuming enzymes were calculated. Although pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) is inactivated by oxygen, it was inferred that the in vivo activity of the enzyme occurred at low dissolved oxygen tensions (DOT </= 1%). A simultaneous flux from pyruvate through both PFL and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) was observed. In anaerobic cultures with fumarate or nitrate as an electron acceptor, a significant flux through the PDHc was calculated on the basis of the redox balance, the measured products, and the known biochemistry. This result calls into question the common assumption that the complex cannot be active under these conditions. In vitro activity measurements of PDHc showed that the cellular content of the enzyme varied with the internal redox state and revealed an activity for dissolved oxygen tension of below 1%. Whereas Western blots showed that the E3 subunit of PDHc (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) did not vary to a large extent under the conditions tested, the E2 subunit (dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase) amount followed the trend that was found for the in vitro PDHc activity. From this it is concluded that regulation of the PDHc is exerted at the E1/E2 operon (aceEF). We propose that the external redox state (measured as the midpoint potentials of those terminal acceptors with which the cell has sufficient capacity to react) is reflected by the internal redox state. The latter may subsequently govern both the expression and the activity of the two pyruvate-catabolizing enzymes.
Effect of prenatal androgenization on performance, lactation, carcass, and sensory traits of heifers in a single-calf heifer system (1995)

Twenty-four prenatally androgenized (PA) heifers, born to testosterone propionate-implanted cows, and 27 control (C) heifers, born to nonimplanted cows, were bred, calved, and placed in drylot pens, with calf at side, to assess the effects of PA on feedlot growth and lactational performance of heifers used in a single-calf heifer (SCH) system. Lactating heifers were fed an 85% concentrate diet, calves weaned at 117 d postpartum, and heifers slaughtered at a constant compositional end point of 1.1 cm of s.c. fat. Preweaning, PA heifers gained 22.5% faster (P < .01) and were 17.3% more efficient (P < .01) than controls. Prenatal androgenization of the heifer, however, did not affect calf growth performance. All calves gained more than 1.4 kg/d and had an average weaning weight of 159 kg at 117 d of age. Combining heifer-calf weights, PA and C pairs gained 2.88 and 2.53 kg/d, respectively. Correcting for DMI of calves, PA improved (P < .01) efficiency of beef production 10.8%. Four percent fat-corrected milk yield of PA and C heifers averaged 7.96 and 7.60 kg/d, respectively, and the percentage of milk protein and fat did not differ. Accounting for average BW, milk production, and DMI, PA and C lactating heifers should have gained 1.27 kg/d; however, gains were 137 and 127% of those predicted, respectively. Overall, pre- and postweaning, PA heifers required 10 fewer (P < .04) days on feed, gained 23% faster (P < .01), and were 16% more efficient (P < .02) than C heifers. At slaughter, PA and C heifers averaged 853 and 865 d of age, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recellularization of Rat Liver Scaffolds by Human Liver Stem Cells (2015)

In the present study, rat liver acellular scaffolds were used as biological support to guide the differentiation of human liver stem-like cells (HLSC) to hepatocytes. Once recellularized, the scaffolds were maintained for 21 days in different culture conditions to evaluate hepatocyte differentiation. HLSC lost the embryonic markers (alpha-fetoprotein, nestin, nanog, sox2, Musashi1, Oct 3/4, and pax2), increased the expression of albumin, and acquired the expression of lactate dehydrogenase and three subtypes of cytochrome P450. The presence of urea nitrogen in the culture medium confirmed their metabolic activity. In addition, cells attached to tubular remnant matrix structures expressed cytokeratin 19, CD31, and vimentin. The rat extracellular matrix (ECM) provides not only a favorable environment for differentiation of HLSC in functional hepatocytes (hepatocyte like) but also promoted the generation of some epithelial-like and endothelial-like cells. When fibroblast growth factor-epidermal growth factor or HLSC-derived conditioned medium was added to the perfusate, an improvement of survival rate was observed. The conditioned medium from HLSC potentiated also the metabolic activity of hepatocyte-like cells repopulating the acellular liver. In conclusion, HLSC have the potential, in association with the natural ECM, to generate in vitro a functional "humanized liver-like tissue."
[Successful treatment of hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer with 5'-DFUR and Lentinan]. (1998)

Satisfactory therapeutic effects are rarely obtained with oral chemotherapy for gastric cancer. We have experienced successful treatment for synchronous hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer with 5'-DFUR and Lentinan. The patient was a 78-year-old female, diagnosed as having gastric cancer with multiple hepatic metastases, who underwent gastrectomy. Immunohistochemistry of the resected specimens with anti-thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) antibody yielded positive results for dThdPase in the primary tumor as well as the hepatic metastases. Two months after surgery, administration of 400 mg of 5'-DFUR per day and 2 mg i.v. of Lentinan every other week was started. Four months after discharge, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in plasma showed an abrupt logarithmic decline. Furthermore, a 99% reduction in hepatic metastases was demonstrated by abdominal CT. At present, 22 months after surgery, the patient is managed on an outpatient basis with no complaints of any side effects. Immunochemotherapy using 5'-DFUR and Lentinan may be effective against gastric malignancies expressing dThdPase activity.
Aspirin and clopidogrel response variability: review of the published literature. (2008)

Antiplatelet resistance has been proposed as a possible mechanism to explain recurrent cardiovascular events in patients who have coronary artery disease and who are undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy. A comprehensive search on PubMed was conducted for literature that was printed in the English language between January 1996 and November 2007 on aspirin and clopidogrel resistance. Significant traits for aspirin hyporesponsiveness were female sex, older age, and lower levels of hemoglobin. Diabetes mellitus and elevated body mass index showed trends toward a higher incidence of resistance in some aspirin trials but did not reach statistical significance. Clopidogrel studies suggested that patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus are more likely to manifest inadequate response to the medication. Although 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors were initially suspected to decrease response to clopidogrel, later studies refuted this possibility. Patients with a suboptimal response to aspirin or clopidogrel seem to be at increased risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Large clinical trials with standardized laboratory methods and well-defined protocols are needed to determine whether common features exist in patients with suspected hyporesponsiveness to antiplatelet therapy, and to validate the clinical relevance of response variability. A concise nonarbitrary definition of physiologic "resistance" is needed, and investigators should identify patients as having a variable response to antiplatelet therapy.
Galactosylation of N-linked oligosaccharides by human -1,4-galactosyltransferases I, II, III, IV, V, and VI expressed in Sf-9 cells (2001)

Several studies showed that Sf-9 cells can synthesize the galactosylated N-linked oligosaccharides if beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta-1,4-GalT) is supplied. The full-length human beta-1,4-GalT I, II, III, IV, V, and VI cDNAs were independently transfected into Sf-9 cells, and the galactosylation of endogenous membrane glycoproteins was examined by lectin blot analysis using Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I), which preferentially interacts with oligosaccharides terminated with Galbeta1-->4GlcNAc group. Several RCA-I-reactive bands appeared in all of the gene-transfected cells, and disappeared on treatment of blots with beta-1,4-galactosidase or N-glycanase prior to incubation with lectin. Introduction of the antisense beta-1,4-GalT II and V cDNAs separately into human colorectal adenocarcinoma SW480 cells, in which beta-1,4-GalT I, II, and V genes were expressed, resulted in the reduction of RCA-I binding toward N-linked oligosaccharides of the membrane glycoproteins. Differences were found in their K(m) values toward UDP-Gal and GlcNAcbeta-S-pNP and in their acceptor specificities toward oligosaccharides with the GlcNAcbeta1-->4(GlcNAcbeta1-->2)Man branch and with the GlcNAcbeta1-->6(GlcNAcbeta1-->2)Man branch. These results indicate that beta-1,4-GalTs II, III, IV, V, and VI are involved in the N-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis cooperatively but not in a redundant manner with beta-1,4-GalT I within cells.
Selectins. (1993)

EGF, epidermal growth factor; PPME, phosphomannan monoester core polysaccharide; sLea, sialyl Lewis a; sLeX, sialyl Lewis x; TNF, tumor necrosis factor. ble I). In this Perspectives article, we discuss the selectins and their carbohydrate ligands: what they are, where they are found, and why they are important. We attempt to present the major discoveries and developments in sufficient detail for clarity, and to provide insights that may be ofhelp in managing the abundant information in this area. We apologize for any oversights that we have made. Other recent reviews may also be of interest
Effect of Iron Therapy on Platelet Counts in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Anemia (2012)

Iron therapy normalizes elevated platelet counts in patients with IBD-associated anemia. Thus, iron deficiency is an important pathogenetic mechanism of secondary thrombocytosis in IBD.
Synthesis and metabolic profile of Cl‐966: A potent, orally‐active inhibitor of GABA uptake (1990)

Abstract A lipophilic derivative of the known GABA uptake inhibitor guvacine has been prepared. The synthesis of this compound, [1‐]2‐bis 4‐(trifluoromethyl)]phenyl[‐methoxy]ethyl[‐ 1,2,5,6‐tet‐rahydro‐3‐pyridine carboxylic acid, monohydrochloride, Cl‐966, is described. Studies were carried out to determine the metabolic profile of Cl‐966, in rats. Two metabolites, one less polar and the other more polar than Cl‐966, were identified and their structures assigned by spectroscopic methods and confirmed by comparison to synthetic material.
Interleukin 3: A differentiation and growth factor for the mouse mast cell that contains chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan. (1984)

Mouse mast cells were differentiated and grown by culturing bone marrow cells in medium containing 2 X 10(-10) M purified interleukin 3 (IL 3). The cells obtained were similar in ultrastructure, membrane antigen phenotype, proteoglycan type, and lipid products generated upon immunologic activation to mast cells differentiated in culture by WEHI-3-conditioned medium (WEHI-3-CM) and by concanavalin A (Con A) splenocyte-conditioned medium. Phenotypically, these cells expressed IgE receptors and H-2 antigens and were recognized by a monoclonal antibody (B23.1) that did not react with mouse serosal heparin-containing mast cells. The classic phenotypic markers of mouse T cells or macrophages were not detected. The mouse mast cells differentiated with IL 3 as well as those differentiated in WEHI-3-CM incorporated [35S]sulfate into a nonheparin proteoglycan of 150,000 to 200,000 m.w. Most of the 35S-labeled macromolecules were degraded by chondroitinase ABC to yield only two disaccharides, which co-chromatographed on ascending thin layer chromatography with delta Di-4S and delta Di-diSE; thus, the proteoglycan in these cells is composed of chondroitin sulfate E glycosaminoglycans. After sensitization with monoclonal IgE, washing, and antigen activation, the IL 3 differentiated cells released the preformed mediator beta-hexosaminidase and generated and released two major classes of lipid mediators. The quantities of leukotriene C4 (LTC4), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) generated/10(6) cells were 17, 3.0, and 3.1 ng, respectively. The ratio of these three lipid mediators was similar to that obtained from mast cells differentiated in WEHI-3-CM and in Con A-conditioned medium. Thus, T cell-derived IL 3 is the component present in the conditioned media that is required for differentiation and growth of the subclass of mast cells containing chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan, designated E-MC. The IL 3-dependent E-MC may represent the in vitro counterpart of the T-cell-dependent mucosal mast cell, suggesting in turn that the production of LTC4 and LTB4 and of PAF-acether may play a role in adaptive intestinal immunity to helminthic parasites.