gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Display of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (1995)

IN THIS STUDY, a differential display method for messenger ribonucleic acid was successfully used to identify genes differentially expressed between normal human brain and malignant glioma tissues. A total of 60 differentially expressed sequences were initially identified, of which 21 were cloned and sequenced. Twenty of the cloned sequences represented novel genes, and one sequence represented a kinesin heavy chain (KHC) gene isoform. The KHC isoform was selected for further characterization. Northern blots of total ribonucleic acid isolated from normal brain and a glioblastoma were probed with our KHC probe and confirmed the differential expression of this gene. Expression analysis of a variety of normal human tissues demonstrated that this KHC isoform is expressed only in brain tissues, with no detectable expression in placenta, spleen, kidney, lung, liver, or skeletal muscle. Our results confirm the rapid and sensitive nature of the differential display technique in identifying differential gene expression. This method offers a means to identify new genes of biological interest in human brain tumors such as oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and tumor-specific markers.
The effect of crystallization conditions on radiation-induced crosslink formation in polyethylene part VI. Some effects in the bulk material (1966)

Abstract It is found that insolubility induced by a given radiation dose can be variable also in melt crystallized material depending on pre-history. In analogy to solution crystallized material this is attributed to the differences in the effectiveness of crosslinks in samples of differing morphologies reflecting variations in molecular coordination. It follows that solubility methods are insufficient to define the crosslink content even in the bulk. In particular the effects of primary crystallization and annealing treatments were followed as regards radiation induced insolubility, long spacings and density. A resemblance in trend was noticed between the long time end of the primary crystallization and heat annealing as regards all three properties. This trend is consistent with expectations of isothermal lamellar thickening and for molecular fractionation during primary crystallization. The details, however, raise new unanswered problems.
Coronaviruses as Vectors: Stability of Foreign Gene Expression (2005)

Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses considered to be promising vectors for vaccine development, as (i) genes can be deleted, resulting in attenuated viruses; (ii) their tropism can be modified by manipulation of their spike protein; and (iii) heterologous genes can be expressed by simply inserting them with appropriate coronaviral transcription signals into the genome. For any live vector, genetic stability is an essential requirement. However, little is known about the genetic stability of recombinant coronaviruses expressing foreign genes. In this study, the Renilla and the firefly luciferase genes were systematically analyzed for their stability after insertion at various genomic positions in the group 1 coronavirus feline infectious peritonitis virus and in the group 2 coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus. It appeared that the two genes exhibit intrinsic differences, the Renilla gene consistently being maintained more stably than the firefly gene. This difference was not caused by genome size restrictions, by different effects of the encoded proteins, or by different consequences of the synthesis of the additional subgenomic mRNAs. The loss of expression of the firefly luciferase was found to result from various, often large deletions of the gene, probably due to RNA recombination. The extent of this process appeared to depend strongly on the coronaviral genomic background, the luciferase gene being much more stable in the feline than in the mouse coronavirus genome. It also depended significantly on the particular genomic location at which the gene was inserted. The data indicate that foreign sequences are more stably maintained when replacing nonessential coronaviral genes.
Identification and characterization of the regulated pattern of expression of a novel mouse gene, meg1, during the meiotic cell cycle. (1992)

The gene designated meg1 (meiosis expressed gene) is a new mouse gene identified during a search for mammalian genes potentially involved in meiotic processes. Two classes of complementary DNAs were isolated from an adult mouse testis complementary DNA library, which shared the same 3' end including the entire putative coding region but differed in their 5' ends. Only one of these complementary DNA classes appeared to correspond to the very abundant 0.75-kilobase testicular transcript of meg1. Sequence analysis predicts a 10.8-kilodalton protein which is highly charged and lysine rich. It is also relatively rich in potential phosphoacceptor amino acids (approximately 17%), several of which are located in phosphorylation consensus sequences. The pattern of expression of meg1 was studied utilizing a combined Northern blot and in situ hybridization analysis. Of the adult tissues examined, meg1 transcripts were detected exclusively in testis. Analysis of mRNA from testes of two germ cell deficient mutant strains did not reveal significant levels of meg1 transcripts. Analysis of RNA from enriched populations of spermatogenic cells from adult testes and localization by in situ hybridization revealed that meg1 transcripts are most abundant in pachytene spermatocytes. These results suggest a role for meg1 during germ cell differentiation, possibly during meiotic prophase.
Controlling the Shape of Filamentous Cells of Escherichia coli (2005)

This paper describes a technique for growing filamentous cells of Escherichia coli with defined shapes, including crescents, zigzags, sinusoids, and spirals. The procedure begins with the fabrication of embossed microchambers in agarose. Cells are trapped in the chambers by placing a flat, flexible "ceiling", either a slab of agarose or poly(dimethylsiloxane), against an agarose mold on which a suspension of cells has been added; the use of agarose keeps cells hydrated and allows nutrients to diffuse into the chambers. Cells grown in microchambers in the presence of cephalexin grow into a multinucleate, nonseptate, filamentous phenotype and adopt the shape of the microchambers. The resulting cells are motile and can be released by removing the "ceiling" from the agarose microchambers and rinsing the cells into solution.
The firA gene of Escherichia coli encodes UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-glucosamine N-acyltransferase. The third step of endotoxin biosynthesis. (1993)

The possibility that the firA gene of Escherichia coli (Dicker, I. B., and Seetharam, S. (1991) Mol. Microbiol. 6, 817-823) might function in lipid A biosynthesis was examined based on its homology to the lpxA gene, which encodes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyl-transferase, the first enzyme in lipid A formation. Extracts of a temperature-sensitive firA mutant, RL-25, were assayed for their ability to acylate UDP-GlcNAc, using a coupled assay. The results suggested that extracts of RL-25 might be defective in the third enzyme of this pathway, the UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-glucosamine N-acyltransferase. Living cells of RL-25 also displayed a 5-fold decreased rate of lipid A biosynthesis at the nonpermissive temperature as judged by a 32Pi incorporation assay. In order to examine N-acyltransferase activity directly, the substrate [alpha-32P]UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-GlcN was synthesized enzymatically. N-Acyltransferase specific activity in RL-25 extracts was reduced to less than 10% of wild-type. When the wild-type firA gene was cloned into a T7-based expression vector, N-acyltransferase specific activity increased almost 360-fold relative to wild-type extracts, demonstrating that firA is the structural gene for the enzyme. The N-acyltransferase displays absolute specificity for the R-3-OH moiety of R-3-hydroxymyristoyl-ACP, as does the O-acyltransferase, consistent with the placement of R-3-hydroxymyristate in E. coli lipid A.
Making it all stick together: The gelation of organic liquids by small organic molecules (2001)

Het onderwerp van dit ploefschrifi is de gel. Een Engels woord waarvoor eigenlijk geen goed Nederlands equivalent voorhanden is. Toch zullen de meeste mensen zich wel iets voor kunnens tellen bij dit woord. Overbekend is natuurlijk de haargel, maar inmiddels komen we de benaming ook tegen bij diverse tandpasta's bij scheergel en bij allerlei huidverzorgende middelen. ... Zie: Samenvatting
Status and challenges of optical fiber amplifiers and lasers (2006)

Optical amplifiers have revolutionized optical communications. They have enabled the exploitation of a much larger fraction of the intrinsic capacity of optical fibers.
Matrix attachment therapy for cancer (2008)

The hypothesis of my thesis project was that targeting the extracellular matrix of a solid tumor for a local generation of a cytotoxic drug could inhibit tumor growth and progression. To test this hypothesis of the matrix attachment therapy (MAT), a gene therapy and recombinant protein therapy were pursued. For the gene therapy, I cloned a mammalian expression vector containing the extracellular domain of CD44 (sCD44), yeast cytosine deaminase (CD), and E.coli uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) genes to transfect tumor cells in vitro. The sCD44::CD::UPRT fusion gene construct was designed to secrete the expressed fusion protein and generate cytotoxic drugs to cause cell deaths in the presence of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC). This gene therapy strategy did not result in a potent cytotoxic effect on cells that expressed the fusion gene due to low expression of the fusion genes in transfected cells.For the protein therapy, a recombinant fusion protein containing TSG-6 Link (Link) and the CD enzyme was expressed in E.coli and purified to characterize the functions of the LinkCD fusion protein. LinkCD exhibits Km of 0.33 mM and Vmax of 14 µM/min/µg for the conversion of 5-FC to 5-FU. LinkCD can bind to a hyaluronan oligomer (12-mer) at a KD of 55 µM at pH 7.4 and a KD of 5.32 µM at pH 6.0 measured using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of LinkCD/5-FC combination therapy in vivo, mice received intratumoral injections of LinkCD on days 11 and 14 after C26 tumor implantation and drinking water containing 10 mg/mL of 5-FC starting on day 11. Animals that received LinkCD/5-FC treatment showed significant tumor size reduction and increased survival compared to the CD/5-FC treatment group. Other treatment groups that were unable to produce 5-FU had no effect on the tumor growth despite receiving the fusion protein that contained the Link domain. The results strongly suggest that a treatment regime consisting of a fusion protein containing the Link domain, the active CD enzyme, and the prodrug 5-FC are required to produce an anti-tumor effect. Intravenous administration of LinkCD to animals tumored with C26 that received 5-FC in the drinking water did not result in a therapeutic effect, possibly due to a short circulation time of LinkCD. I created chimeras of the CD44 Link domain in silico that could potentially be used to increase the circulation time of LinkCD in the blood. Thus, MAT is a promising alternative to antibody-directed prodrug enzyme therapy approach for cancer treatment.
Pulse Oximeter for Low SpO2 Level Detection Using Discrete Time Signal Processing Algorithm (2019)

Abstract Oximeter is an important clinical device used for measuring peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) in blood and hence accurate results are needed in order to help physicians predict clinical problems in the initial stage(s) of liver or kidney diagnosis. Different issues associated with the accuracy of SpO2 and heart rate measurement accuracy are studied in this work. With the understanding of these issues, a new SpO2 monitoring system is proposed that comprises of a better detection method, novel discrete time signal processing (DTSP) algorithm, and a custom-made oximeter probe head. The proposed SpO2 measurement system is capable of determining low levels of SpO2 present in human blood and produce the results in a short time that enable real-time monitoring of a patient SpO2. It can also distinguish low level of SpO2 against background noise.
Improved poling and thermal stability of sol-gel nonlinear optical polymers (1994)

An aminosulfone dye chromophore was covalently incorporated into a sol-gel network for second-order nonlinear optics applications by functionalizing both ends of the chromophore. Covalent incorporation allows for high chromophore loading densities (∼35%) and locking in both ends of the chromophore improves thermal stability. Short term stability of the nonlinearity at 200 °C and long term stability over 500 h at 100 °C was demonstrated. Two different temperature profiles for corona poling were investigated and one found superior to the other. A second harmonic coefficient, d33 of 27 pm/V at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength was measured.
Task-Specific Somatosensory Feedback via Cortical Stimulation in Humans (2016)

Cortical stimulation through electrocorticographic (ECoG) electrodes is a potential method for providing sensory feedback in future prosthetic and rehabilitative applications. Here, we evaluate human subjects' ability to continuously modulate their motor behavior based on feedback from direct surface stimulation of the somatosensory cortex. Subjects wore a dataglove that measured their hand aperture position and received one of three stimuli over the hand sensory cortex based on their current hand position as compared to a target aperture position. Using cortical stimulation feedback, subjects adjusted their hand aperture to move towards the target aperture region. One subject was able to achieve accuracies and R<sup>2</sup> values well above chance (best performance: R<sup>2</sup> = 0.93; accuracy = 0.76/1). Performance dropped during the catch trial (same stimulus independent of the position) to below chance levels, suggesting that the subject had been using the varied sensory feedback to modulate their motor behavior. To our knowledge, this study represents one of the first demonstrations of using direct cortical surface stimulation of the human sensory cortex to perform a motor task, and is a first step towards developing closed-loop human sensorimotor brain-computer interfaces.
业界领袖对2016油气行业的期待——没人知道市场供需何时实现再平衡,商品价格何时稳定,但向技术和员工投资就能够提高效率、创造价值，这是取得成功的关键 (2016)

2016年到来之际，《世界石油》杂志的十多位颐问委员会成员畅谈对新一年的期待，提出应对低油价的各种措施，从技术创新与协同合作，到提升人员素质及改善安仑条件，热议技术和商业的创造性将引领油气行业重返创效利的轨道。
Hydrolysis of tin(II) in aqueous solutions (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of tin(II) in aqueous solutionsM. Pettine, Frank J. Millero, and G. MacchiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 7, 1039–1043Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00230a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00230a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1056Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stereochemical Study of Phosphonothioate Cleavage by a Metallomicelle (2002)

[reaction: see text] The copper metallomicellar hydrolysis of O-methyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate to O-methyl phenylphosphonothioic acid takes place with effectively complete inversion at phosphorus.
High-density perfusion culture of insect cells with a BioSep ultrasonic filter (1998)

The baculovirus/insect cell expression system has provided a vital tool to produce a high level of active proteins for many applications. We have developed a very high-density insect cell perfusion process with an ultrasonic filter as a cell retention device. The separation efficiency of the filter was studied under various operating conditions. A cell density of over 30 million cells/mL was achieved in a controlled perfusion bioreactor and cell viability remained greater than 90%. Sf9 cells from a high-density culture and a spinner culture were infected with two recombinant baculoviruses expressing genes for the production of human chitinase and monocyte-colony inhibition factor. The protein yield on a cell basis from infecting high-density Sf9 cells was the same as or higher than that from the spinner Sf9 culture. Virus production from the high-density culture was similar to that from the spinner culture. The results show that the ultrasonic filter did not affect insect cells' ability to support protein expression and virus production following infection with baculovirus. The potential applications of the high-density perfusion culture for large-scale protein expression from Sf9 cells are also highlighted.
Large-scale production of DNA sequencing templates by microtitre format PCR (1993)

Journal Article Large-scale production of DNA sequencing templates by microtitre format PCR Get access Andre Rosenthal, Andre Rosenthal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Oliver Coutelle, Oliver Coutelle Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Molly Craxton Molly Craxton 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyHills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 21, Issue 1, 11 January 1993, Pages 173–174, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/21.1.173 Published: 11 January 1993 Article history Received: 28 September 1992 Accepted: 30 November 1992 Published: 11 January 1993
Importance of creatinine analyses of urine when screening for abused drugs (1991)

We report here a simple method involving urine creatine measurements for testing authenticity and reducing false-negative results in urine testing for drugs of abuse. Urinary creatinine in consecutive patient samples (n = 176) ranged between 0.1 and 31.9 mmol/L (mean 9.8 +/- SD 6.2) and the osmolality in these urines ranged between 49 and 1183 mOsm/kg (mean 595 +/- SD 276). With other consecutive samples in which creatinine was (arbitrarily chosen) less than 4.3 mmol/L (n = 85), the correlation with osmolality was lower. In 10 randomly selected urine samples from different patients, all "clean" for all drugs of abuse in initial immunological drug testing with approved methodology (in which creatinine was less than 4.3 mmol/L and osmolality was less than 200 mOsm/kg), five patients turned out to be drug positive after a simple concentration by volume. In a formerly heavy smoker of cannabis, the excretion of cannabinoids and creatinine was monitored for 93 days. The substances showed very good correlation throughout this period (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001), whereas simple measurements of cannabinoid concentrations would have falsely indicated several relapses of cannabis abuse. Urine samples used in drug-abuse testing should be tested for creatinine; if creatinine is less than 4.0 mmol/L, negative results for drugs may not be valid.
Bladder cancer, 1996 (1996)

In superficial Ta or T1 tumors intravesical chemotherapy can eradicate existing carcinoma in one third to one half of patients and reduce tumor recurrence by 12 to 15 percent, on average. Superficial bladder cancer is remarkably sensitive to immunotherapy, particularly BCG. The use of BCG eradicates about two thirds of papillary carcinoma and nearly 90 percent of carcinoma in situ and reduces tumor recurrence by an average of 40 percent. Data now suggest that BCG immunotherapy reduces long-term tumor recurrence, disease progression, and mortality. The proclivity for tumor recurrence makes superficial bladder cancer an ideal malignancy for the evaluation of chemoprevention, and preliminary data suggest that high doses of vitamins may also reduce tumor recurrence. In locally advanced T2b to T4, N0 or N1, M0 bladder cancer, substantial clinical responses can be achieved if chemotherapy is used prior to surgical resection of muscle-invasive tumor (neoadjuvant treatment). Controlled trials are necessary to ascertain whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival. The use of CMV prior to and concomitant with bladder irradiation is also encouraging, but will require randomized trials to clarify its role in the treatment of invasive, nonmetastatic cancer. Finally, trials suggest benefit for chemotherapy used adjuvantly (after cystectomy) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, further investigation is necessary to clarify and confirm the role of chemotherapy in this setting before it can be recommended routinely for patients. In metastatic disease, chemotherapy with CMV or M-VAC with surgical resection of residual masses can produce a cohort of long-term survivors with advanced bladder cancer. How to increase this small but important population of patients is a question for further research.
Transposon mutagenesis in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1 (1993)

Molecular genetic studies of Acinetobacter spp. have been greatly limited by the lack of a method for transposon mutagenesis. In this study, a genetically engineered derivative of Tn10, mini-Tn10PttKm, was conjugally transferred in plate matings from Escherichia coli SM10[(lambda pir)(pLOFPttKm)] to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1. Transfer frequencies were dependent on mating ratios and varied from 7.9 x 10(-8) to 3.4 x 10(-7) per recipient cell. The 27 lipase-deficient transconjugants which were isolated exhibited several different phenotypes, including gelatinase mutants, esterase mutants, and putative auxotrophs. Southern blot analysis confirmed the insertion of the mini-Tn10PttKm transposon in single, unique sites in five transconjugants. Four of five lipase mutants contained single insertions of mini-Tn10PttKm in the same chromosomal restriction fragments. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of a transposon for direct, generalized mutagenesis in Acinetobacter spp.