gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dissection of the Role of the Membrane Domain in the Regulated Degradation of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase (1995)

We have previously shown that the membrane domain of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase from hamster contains all of the sequences required for both localization to the endoplasmic reticulum and regulated degradation of the enzyme. It has been reported that the enzymatic activity and mRNA levels of HMG-CoA reductase from sea urchin embryos cultured in the presence of regulators were unchanged compared to levels in control embryos (Woodward, H.D., Allen, M.C., and Lennarz, W.J. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18411-18418). This observation led us to investigate the possibility that the sea urchin enzyme is not subject to regulated protein turnover. Interestingly, the sea urchin enzyme shares 62% amino acid sequence identity with the hamster enzyme in the membrane domain and shares similar predicted topological features. In the current studies we have compared the degradation phenotypes of the sea urchin HMG-CoA reductase and the hamster HMG-CoA reductase in Chinese hamster ovary cells to further elucidate the role of the membrane domain in enzyme degradation in response to physiological regulators. To accomplish this, we constructed sea urchin HMGal (uHMGal), the structural equivalent of hamster HMGal (httMGal), which has the sea urchin HMG-CoA reductase membrane domain fused to Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase. The uHMGal was stably expressed in CHO cells, and we found that the degradation of uHMGal is not accelerated by sterols, and even in the absence of sterols, it is less stable than hHMGal. We also constructed chimeric hamster/sea urchin HMGal molecules to investigate which amino acid sequences from the hamster enzyme are sufficient to confer sterol-regulated degradation upon the sea urchin enzyme. Our results identify the second membrane-spanning domain of hamster enzyme as important for the regulated degradation of HMG-CoA reductase.
Plasmon slot waveguides: Towards chip-scale propagation with subwavelength-scale localization (2006)

We present a numerical analysis of surface plasmon waveguides exhibiting both long-range propagation and spatial confinement of light with lateral dimensions of less than 10% of the free-space wavelength. Attention is given to characterizing the dispersion relations, wavelength-dependent propagation, and energy density decay in two-dimensional $\mathrm{Ag}∕\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}∕\mathrm{Ag}$ structures with waveguide thicknesses ranging from $12\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}250\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. As in conventional planar insulator-metal-insulator (IMI) surface plasmon waveguides, analytic dispersion results indicate a splitting of plasmon modes---corresponding to symmetric and antisymmetric electric field distributions---as $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ core thickness is decreased below $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. However, unlike IMI structures, surface plasmon momentum of the symmetric mode does not always exceed photon momentum, with thicker films $(d\ensuremath{\sim}50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ achieving effective indices as low as $n=0.15$. In addition, antisymmetric mode dispersion exhibits a cutoff for films thinner than $d=20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, terminating at least $0.25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ below resonance. From visible to near infrared wavelengths, plasmon propagation exceeds tens of microns with fields confined to within $20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ of the structure. As the $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ core thickness is increased, propagation distances also increase with localization remaining constant. Conventional waveguiding modes of the structure are not observed until the core thickness approaches $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. At such thicknesses, both transverse magnetic and transverse electric modes can be observed. Interestingly, for nonpropagating modes (i.e., modes where propagation does not exceed the micron scale), considerable field enhancement in the waveguide core is observed, rivaling the intensities reported in resonantly excited metallic nanoparticle waveguides.
The synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-methyl ester modulates microglial activities, inhibits TNF production, and provides dopaminergic neuroprotection (2008)

The neuroimmune modulatory properties of CDDO-Me indicate that this potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound may have therapeutic potential to modify the course of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by chronic neuroinflammation and amyloid deposition. The extent to which synthetic triterpenoids afford therapeutic benefit in animal models of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease deserves further investigation.
Use of IDEXX Colilert-18® and Quanti-Tray/2000 as a Rapid and Simple Enumeration Method for the Implementation of Recreational Water Monitoring and Notification Programs (2005)

Abstract The Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health Act of 2002 (BEACH Act) requires the implementation and/or expansion of routine recreational water quality monitoring programs in all United States coastal recreational waters, including the Great Lakes, to be adopted by 2004. While the standardization of sample collection and laboratory testing protocols is essential, the ability to provide timely public notification is an equally important element. In preparation for the implementation of the BEACH Act in Wisconsin the communities of Milwaukee and Racine investigated the use of IDEXX Colilert-18, Quanti-Tray/2000 (IDEXX) as a means to reduce the time necessary for public notification of recreational water quality while still providing accurate and consistent test results. Conducted over a 2-year period, this study compared two methods, IDEXX and an approved USEPA membrane filtration method (m-Tec agar), for the quantitative determination of Escherichia coli in split samples from fresh water beaches. ANOVA analysis of regression relation indicated no significant difference between the data sets obtained using these methodologies (p < 0.001). Parallel studies conducted in the United Kingdom produced similar results. The fact that IDEXX decreases the time from sample collection to public notification by over six hours coupled with its ease of use and consistent results make this method an attractive choice for the implementation of fresh water and marine beach management programs.
The neurofibromatosis type 2 gene product, schwannomin, suppresses growth of NIH 3T3 cells. (1995)

Cancer is a multistep process that involves the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of antioncogenes. Recently, a new putative tumor suppressor, the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene, was mapped to chromosome 22, cloned, and found to encode for a new protein, merlin/schwannomin, a member of the band 4.1 family of proteins. Members of this family have not been implicated previously in tumorigenesis. They possess significant homology in their NH2-terminal domain, which is thought to be important in the binding of the plasma membrane to the underlying actin cytoskeleton. To determine whether schwannomin may affect cell growth, we transfected NIH 3T3 cells with the wild type and an NF2 cDNA lacking 111 amino acids at the NH2 terminus. We observed slowing of growth and changes in cellular morphology only in cells expressing the wild-type NF2 cDNA. This finding suggests that schwannomin can suppress growth directly and confirms its role in tumor suppression. This system will provide a useful assay to identify important functional domains of the protein.
Negative intrathoracic pressure decreases independently left ventricular filling and emptying (1989)

The mechanism for the fall in left ventricular (LV) stroke volume with normal and obstructed inspiration is controversial with changes proposed in LV preload and afterload. During respiration extending over several cardiac cycles, changes in both LV filling and emptying could occur, rendering demonstration of any responsible mechanism difficult. To evaluate the independent effects of negative intrathoracic pressure (NITP) on LV filling and emptying, we have analyzed the effects of NITP confined to either diastole or systole using electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggered phrenic nerve stimulation in six anesthetized closed-chest dogs. Lung volume was either maintained by completely obstructing the airway or allowed to increase during NITP. With diastolic NITP and the airway obstructed during phrenic nerve stimulation, LV filling volume (integrated mitral flow) significantly decreased (-37 +/- 6.1% SE) associated with increases in LV and right atrial filling pressures at end diastole relative to both atmospheric and esophageal pressures. Right atrial pressure relative to either atmospheric or esophageal pressure increased significantly more than left atrial pressure. The ensuing LV stroke volume (integrated ascending aortic flow) decreased significantly (-30.8 +/- 5.9%). With NITP confined to systole and at constant LV preload, LV stroke volume also decreased (-12.9 +/- 2.5%) associated with an increase in LV systolic pressure relative to esophageal pressure. Similar significant changes were observed despite a smaller fall in esophageal pressure when lung volume was allowed to increase during either diastolic or systolic NITP. We conclude that 1) NITP confined to diastole decreases LV filling and the ensuing LV stroke volume, most likely by ventricular interdependence; 2) NITP confined to systole also decreases LV stroke volume, presumptively by imposing an increased afterload on the LV; 3) both diastolic and systolic mechanisms should contribute to a decreased LV stroke volume during normal and obstructed inspiration; and 4) if the effects of intrathoracic pressure changes were to extend over several cardiac cycles, mechanisms exist to account for either increases or decreases in LV volumes.
Smart CARS: optimized development of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell targeting epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) for glioblastoma. (2016)

In a recent issue of the journal Science Translational Medicine , Dr. Johnson and our colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania reported on the rational development and characterization of humanized anti-epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for glioblastoma (1). In this article, the authors describe the successful preclinical validation of a highly-selective humanized anti-EGFRvIII CAR T cell product that is currently employed in a phase I trial open at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of California San Francisco for patients with glioblastoma (NCT02209376).
Characterization of disulfide bonds in recombinant proteins: reduced human interleukin 2 in inclusion bodies and its oxidative refolding (1987)

Cloned cDNA of human interleukin 2 (IL-2) was expressed in Escherichia coli cells in which IL-2 formed insoluble inclusion bodies. Human IL-2 has three Cys residues, namely, Cys-58, Cys-105, and Cys-125, and native IL-2 has an intramolecular disulfide bond between Cys-58 and Cys-105. Since the formation of inclusion bodies was thought to be due to disorder in the oxidation state of these Cys residues, all intramolecular disulfide bond isomers of IL-2 were prepared by denaturation of native IL-2 to characterize the state of a disulfide bond in IL-2 in the inclusion bodies. These isomers can be separated from native IL-2, reduced IL-2, and IL-2's with intermolecular disulfide bonds by means of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Human IL-2 produced in inclusion bodies in E. coli carrying a recombinant DNA was analyzed by HPLC and was proved to be a fully reduced form with no intra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds. Refolding of reduced IL-2 in the presence of reduced and oxidized glutathione and a low concentration of guanidine hydrochloride resulted in the formation of the biologically active IL-2 quantitatively. Further purification provided a practically pure IL-2 preparation without contamination of any disulfide bond isomers.
On the Design of Three-Valued Asynchronous Modules (1980)

The use of three-valued signals in the design of asynchronous speed-independent modules is considered. The three-valued Post algebra is used as the mathematical basis for multivalued logic design. Asynchronous operation in a three-valued system is defined. Basis data/control signal detectors and control primitives are developed. It is shown that the design of the nonbinary modules only requires the use of standard binary design techniques and the detectors and logic primitives that are developed. A general monitoring and control structure that allows the interconnection of both combinational and sequential modules is described.
Contributors to the Fuel Economy Advantage of DISI Engines Over PFI Engines (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A methodology was developed, based on engine-simulation analysis and experiments, to evaluate quantitatively the contributions of the various factors on the fuel-economy advantage of direct-injection, spark-ignition (DISI) engines over corresponding port-fuel injection (PFI) engines. The fuel-economy comparison was based on a set of seven, steady-state test points, which simulate a 2400-kg vehicle powered by a 5.3-L V8 engine over the Federal Test Procedure (city cycle). The results show that the DISI engine has a 15% fuel-economy advantage over the corresponding PFI engine operating without EGR. The biggest positive contributor to this gain is the reduced pumping losses, which account for a 10% gain, followed by: favorable mixture properties due to lean/dilute operation with about a 7.5% gain, lower heat losses with a 2% gain, and higher compression ratio with a 3% gain. In contrast, the negative contributors (i.e., factors causing a decrease in fuel economy) were: lower combustion efficiency and combustion phasing losses which account for a 4% loss, and higher friction due to higher peak pressures, which yields a 4% loss. With further reduction of pumping losses, minimization of the surface area-to-volume ratio, and improvements in combustion through optimization of the phasing and improvements in the combustion efficiency, it may be possible for the DISI engine to achieve a 26% fuel economy improvement relative to a corresponding PFI engine.&lt;/div&gt;
Light‐Driven Rotary Molecular Motors on Gold Nanoparticles (2008)

We report the synthesis of unidirectional light-driven rotary molecular motors based on chiral overcrowded alkenes and their immobilisation on the surface of gold nanoparticles through two anchors. Using a combination of (1)H and (13)C NMR, UV/Vis and CD spectroscopy, we show that these motors preserve their photochemical and thermal behaviour after they have been attached to gold nanoparticles. Furthermore, we describe the synthesis of (2)H- and (13)C-labelled derivatives that were used to verify the unidirectionality of the rotary cycle of these motors both in solution and while grafted to gold nanoparticles. Taken together, these data support the conclusion that these motors maintain their unidirectional rotary cycle when grafted to the surface of small (ca. 2 nm) gold nanoparticles. Thus, continuous irradiation of the system under appropriate conditions leads to unidirectional rotation of the upper half of the molecules relative to the entire nanoparticle.
Characterization of 2219 Aluminum Produced by Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication (2002)

Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center are developing a new electron beam freeform fabrication (EB F3 ) technique to fabricate metal parts. This process introduces metal wire into a molten pool created by a focused electron beam. Potential aerospace applications for this technology include ground-based fabrication of airframe structures and on-orbit construction and repair of space components and structures. Processing windows for reliably producing high quality 2219 aluminum parts using the EB F3 technique are being defined. The effects of translation speed, wire feed rate, and beam power on the resulting microstructures and mechanical properties are explored. Tensile properties (ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation) show little effect over the range of processing conditions tested. Basic processing-microstructure-property correlations are drawn for the EB F3 process.
Augmentation of Bone Repair by Inductively Coupled Electromagnetic Fields (1974)

Pulsing electromagnetic fields of low frequency and strength have been inductively coupled across skin, directly to bone, to enhance the repair of canine osteotomies. The induced voltage field in bone appears to increase the organization and strength of the repair process at 28 days after "fracture."
Evidence that the JAK2 G1849T (V617F) mutation occurs in a lymphomyeloid progenitor in polycythemia vera and idiopathic myelofibrosis (2006)

The JAK2 V617F mutation has recently been described as an essential oncogenic event associated with polycythemia vera (PV), idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF), and essential thrombocythemia. This mutation has been detected in all myeloid lineages but has not yet been detected in lymphoid cells. This raises the question whether this molecular event occurs in a true lymphomyeloid progenitor cell. In this work, we studied the presence of the mutation in peripheral blood cells and sorted B, T, and natural killer (NK) cells from PV and IMF. We detected the JAK2 V617F mutation in B and NK cells in approximately half the patients with IMF and a minority of those with PV. Moreover, in a few cases patients with IMF had mutated peripheral T cells. The mutation (homozygous or heterozygous) could be subsequently detected in B/NK/myeloid progenitors from PV and IMF, with a much higher frequency in clones derived from IMF. Using the fetal thymus organ culture (FTOC) assay, the mutation was also detected in all T-cell fractions derived from IMF and PV CD34+ cells. These results demonstrate that myeloproliferative disorders take their origin in a true myeloid/lymphoid progenitor cell but that their phenotype is related to a downstream selective proliferative advantage of the myeloid lineages.
[Analysis of tuberculosis quality diagnosis by autopsy data]. (1998)

The records of autopsies and history cases of deceased patients served as a material for analyzing the quality of clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis in 1987-1997. A hundred and eighty and six patients (39.1%) were autopsied. Of them 139 (74.7%) and 47 (25.3%) died from tuberculosis and other diseases, respectively. Tuberculosis and its complications were recognized in 113 (81.3%) patients during their life. Fibrocavernous tuberculosis was a prevalent clinical form in 104 (55.9%) of the deceased. Progressive tuberculosis, more commonly as complications of cavernous tuberculosis (in 49 (35.2%) patients) and those of hematogenic generalization (in 23 (16.5%)) were a direct cause of death in most tuberculosis patients (n = 72 (51.8%)).
Phosgenated p-Nitrophenyl(polystyrene)ketoxime or Phoxime Resin. A New Resin for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Ureas via Thermolytic Cleavage of Oxime-Carbamates (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPhosgenated p-Nitrophenyl(polystyrene)ketoxime or Phoxime Resin. A New Resin for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Ureas via Thermolytic Cleavage of Oxime-Carbamates†Mark A. Scialdone, Steven W. Shuey, Paul Soper, Yoshitomo Hamuro, and David M. BurnsView Author Information DuPont Central Research and Development, P.O. Box 80328, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 14, 4802–4807Publication Date (Web):June 18, 1998Publication History Received4 September 1997Published online18 June 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9716542https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9716542brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views613Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Crystal cleavage,Organic compounds,Organic polymers,Urea Get e-Alerts
FEC-based loss recovery for interactive video transmission (2003)

Real-time interactive video transmission in the current Internet has mediocre quality because of high packet loss rates. Loss of packets belonging to a video frame manifests itself not only in the reduced quality of that frame but also in the propagation of that distortion to successive frames. This error propagation problem is inherent in any motion-based video codec because of the interdependence of encoded video frames. Since packet losses in the best-effort Internet environment cannot be prevented, minimizing the impact of these packet losses to the final video quality is important. We present a new forward error correction (FEC) technique that effectively alleviates error propagation in the transmission of interactive video. The technique is based on our recently developed error recovery scheme called Recovery from Error Spread using Continuous Updates (RESCU). RESCU allows transport level recovery techniques previously known to be infeasible for interactive video transmission applications to be successfully used in such applications. The proposed FEC technique can be very useful when the feedback channel from the receiver is highly limited, or transmission delay is high. Both simulation and Internet experiments indicate that our proposed FEC technique effectively alleviates the error spread problem and is able to sustain much better video quality than H.261 or other conventional FEC schemes under various packet loss rates.
Biotin and Digoxigenin as Labels for Light and Electron Microscopy in Situ Hybridization Probes: Where Do We Stand? (1997)

Biotin was recently applied to detect cellular DNA or RNA. In combination with avidin, streptavidin or antibody, it can be conjugated with fluorescent dye, enzyme, ferritin, or gold. However, emphasis has recently been placed on the false-positive results that are obtained when this probe is used, because endogenous biotin may sometimes interfere with specific signals. Digoxigenin appears to be an interesting alternative because it is present exclusively in Digitalis plants as a secondary metabolite. We discuss in this review the efficiency and the respective advantages and disavantages of these two probes for in situ hybridization, mainly at the electron microscopic level.