gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow, Umbilical Cord Blood, or Adipose Tissue (2006)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising tool for new clinical concepts in supporting cellular therapy. Bone marrow (BM) was the first source reported to contain MSCs. However, for clinical use, BM may be detrimental due to the highly invasive donation procedure and the decline in MSC number and differentiation potential with increasing age. More recently, umbilical cord blood (UCB), attainable by a less invasive method, was introduced as an alternative source for MSCs. Another promising source is adipose tissue (AT). We compared MSCs derived from these sources regarding morphology, the success rate of isolating MSCs, colony frequency, expansion potential, multiple differentiation capacity, and immune phenotype. No significant differences concerning the morphology and immune phenotype of the MSCs derived from these sources were obvious. Differences could be observed concerning the success rate of isolating MSCs, which was 100% for BM and AT, but only 63% for UCB. The colony frequency was lowest in UCB, whereas it was highest in AT. However, UCB-MSCs could be cultured longest and showed the highest proliferation capacity, whereas BM-MSCs possessed the shortest culture period and the lowest proliferation capacity. Most strikingly, UCB-MSCs showed no adipogenic differentiation capacity, in contrast to BM- and AT-MSCs. Both UCB and AT are attractive alternatives to BM in isolating MSC: AT as it contains MSCs at the highest frequency and UCB as it seems to be expandable to higher numbers.
Sensitivity of Small Cell Lung Cancer to BET Inhibition Is Mediated by Regulation of ASCL1 Gene Expression (2015)

The BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal) proteins bind acetylated histones and recruit protein complexes to promote transcription elongation. In hematologic cancers, BET proteins have been shown to regulate expression of MYC and other genes that are important to disease pathology. Pharmacologic inhibition of BET protein binding has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in MYC-dependent cancers, such as multiple myeloma. In this study, we demonstrate that small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells are exquisitely sensitive to growth inhibition by the BET inhibitor JQ1. JQ1 treatment has no impact on MYC protein expression, but results in downregulation of the lineage-specific transcription factor ASCL1. SCLC cells that are sensitive to JQ1 are also sensitive to ASCL1 depletion by RNAi. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies confirmed the binding of the BET protein BRD4 to the ASCL1 enhancer, and the ability of JQ1 to disrupt the interaction. The importance of ASCL1 as a potential driver oncogene in SCLC is further underscored by the observation that ASCL1 is overexpressed in >50% of SCLC specimens, an extent greater than that observed for other putative oncogenes (MYC, MYCN, and SOX2) previously implicated in SCLC. Our studies have provided a mechanistic basis for the sensitivity of SCLC to BET inhibition and a rationale for the clinical development of BET inhibitors in this disease with high unmet medical need.
The Six-Minute Walk Test (2003)

The American Thoracic Society has issued guidelines for the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). The 6MWT is safer, easier to administer, better tolerated, and better reflects activities of daily living than other walk tests (such as the shuttle walk test). The primary measurement is 6-min walk distance (6MWD), but during the 6MWT data can also be collected about the patient's blood oxygen saturation and perception of dyspnea during exertion. When conducting the 6MWT do not walk with the patient and do not assist the patient in carrying or pulling his or her supplemental oxygen. The patient should walk alone, not with other patients. Do not use a treadmill on which the patient adjusts the speed and/or the slope. Do not use an oval or circular track. Use standardized phrases while speaking to the patient, because your encouragement and enthusiasm can make a difference of up to 30% in the 6MWD. Count the laps with a lap counter. If the 6MWD is low, thoroughly search for the cause(s) of the impairment. Better 6MWD reference equations will be published in the future, so be sure you are using the best available reference equations.
Subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide-1 improves postprandial glycaemic control over a 3-week period in patients with early Type 2 diabetes (1998)

1.Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) is released into the circulation after meals and is the most potent physiological insulinotropic hormone in man. GLP-1 has the advantages over other therapeutic agents for Type 2 diabetes of also suppressing glucagon secretion and delaying gastric emptying. One of the initial abnormalities of Type 2 diabetes is the loss of the first-phase insulin response, leading to postprandial hyperglycaemia.2.To investigate the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 in Type 2 diabetes, six patients were entered into a 6-week, double-blind crossover trial during which each received 3 weeks treatment with subcutaneous GLP-1 or saline, self-administered three times a day immediately before meals. A standard test meal was given at the beginning and end of each treatment period.3.GLP-1 reduced plasma glucose area under the curve (AUC) after the standard test meal by 58% (AUC, 0–240 ;min: GLP-1 start of treatment, 196±141 ;mmol·min-1·l-1; saline start of treatment, 469±124 ;mmol·min-1·l-1; F = 16.4, P< 0.05). The plasma insulin excursions were significantly higher with GLP-1 compared with saline over the initial postprandial 30 ;min, the time period during which the GLP-1 concentration was considerably elevated. The plasma glucagon levels were significantly lower over the 240-min postprandial period with GLP-1 treatment. The beneficial effects of GLP-1 on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations were fully maintained for the 3-week treatment period.4.We have demonstrated a significant improvement in postprandial glycaemic control with subcutaneous GLP-1 treatment. GLP-1 improves glycaemic control partially by restoring the first-phase insulin response and suppressing glucagon and is a potential treatment for Type 2 diabetes.
Ex Vivo Expansion and Differentiation of Human and Mouse Fetal Pancreatic Progenitors Are Modulated by Epidermal Growth Factor (2015)

A comparative analysis of mouse and human pancreatic development may reveal common mechanisms that control key steps as organ morphogenesis and cell proliferation and differentiation. More specifically, understanding beta cell development remains an issue, despite recent progress related to their generation from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. In this study, we use an integrated approach, including prospective isolation, organ culture, and characterization of intermediate stages, and report that cells from human and mouse fetal pancreas can be expanded in the long term and give rise to hollow duct-like structures in 3D cultures. The expanded cells express a combination of markers (E-cadherin, PDX1, NKX6-1, SOX9, and HNF1β) that reveals pancreatic progenitor identity. Proliferation of embryonic progenitors was stimulated by the Wnt agonist R-spondin1 (RSPO1), FGF10, and EGF. This combination of growth factors allowed maintaining human fetal pancreatic progenitors in culture for many passages, a finding not reported previously. Importantly, in the absence of EGF, proliferation was reduced, while endocrine differentiation was significantly enhanced. We conclude that modulation of EGF signaling affects in vitro expansion and differentiation of progenitors from embryonic pancreas of both mice and man.
DR-LINK system (1993)

The underlying principle of the DR-LINK System is that retrieval must be at the conceptual level, not the word level. That is, a successful retrieval system must retrieve on the basis of what people mean in their query, not just what they say in their query. The same is true of documents - their representation needs to capture the content at the conceptual level of expression. To accomplish this human-like goal, DR-LINK aims to represent and match documents and queries at all of the available levels of linguistic expression at which meaning is conveyed Accordingly, we have developed a modular system which processes, represents, and matches text at the lexical, syntactic, semantic, and discourse levels of language. In concert, these levels of representation permit DR-LINK to achieve a level of intelligent retrieval beyond more traditional approaches.
The Effects of a Manualized Group-Psychotherapy Intervention on Client God Images and Attachment to God: A Pilot Study (2011)

The goal of this pilot study was to examine the effects of an 8-week, manualized, outpatient group-psychotherapy intervention on client god images and attachment to God. Participants were 26 adults who reported a Christian religious affiliation and who sought religiously based, group-psychotherapy treatment for difficulties in their emotional experience of God (i.e., negative god images). The treatment protocol reflected a psychotherapy-integrationist approach to treating god-image difficulties. Treatment chiefly included psychoeducational, dynamic-interpersonal, and cognitive interventions, although it also included allegorical-bibliotherapy and art/music interventions. The pre- and post-test questionnaire included the Attachment to God Inventory (R. Beck &amp; McDonald, 2004) and a brief God adjective-checklist, along with several open-ended questions. Participants reported experiencing adaptive shifts in their god images and attachment to God. Specifically, when pre- and post-questionnaire ratings were compared, they reported experiencing God emotionally as more accepting, intimate, and supportive and as less disapproving, distant, and harsh. In addition, they reported experiencing significantly both less attachment anxiety with God and less attachment avoidance with God. Furthermore, they reported experiencing more congruence between their emotional experience of God (god images) and their theological beliefs about God (god concepts). The interventions that were deemed the most therapeutically effective were the allegorical-bibliotherapy and the cognitive-restructuring interventions. Clinical implications and limitations are discussed.
Effects of Denosumab on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women (2008)

Twice-yearly denosumab increased BMD and decreased BTMs in early and later postmenopausal women.
Frequent amplification of 8q24, 11q, 17q, and 20q‐specific genes in pancreatic cancer (2002)

Genetic changes involved in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer are still partly unknown, despite the progress in recent years. In this study, comparative genomic hybridization analysis in 31 pancreatic cancer cell lines showed that chromosome arms 8q, 11q, 17q, and 20q are frequently gained in this tumor type. Copy number analysis of selected genes from these chromosome arms by fluorescence in situ hybridization showed amplification of the MYC oncogene in 54% of the cell lines, whereas CCND1 was amplified in 28%. In the 17q arm, the ERBB2 oncogene was amplified in 20% of the cell lines, TBX2 in 50%, and BIRC5 in 58%, indicating increased involvement toward the q telomere of chromosome 17. In the 20q arm, the amplification frequencies varied from 32% to 83%, with the CTSZ gene at 20q13 being most frequently affected. These results illustrate that amplification of genes from the 8q, 11q, 17q, and 20q chromosome arms is common in pancreatic cancer.
Continuous pH monitoring in a perfused bioreactor system using an optical pH sensor (2002)

Monitoring and regulating the pH of the solution in a bioprocess is one of the key steps in the success of bioreactor operation. An in-line optical pH sensor, based on the optical absorption properties of phenol red present in the medium, was developed and tested in this work for use in NASA space bioreactors based on a rotating wall-perfused vessel system supporting a baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cell culture. The sensor was tested over three 30-day and one 124-day cell runs. The pH sensor initially was calibrated and then used during the entire cell culture interval. The pH reported by the sensor was compared to that measured by a fiber optically coupled Shimadzu spectrophotometer and a blood gas analyzer. The maximum standard error of prediction for all the four cell runs for development pH sensor against BGA was +/-0.06 pH unit and for the fiber optically coupled Shimadzu spectrophotometer against the blood gas analyzer was +/-0.05 pH unit. The pH sensor system performed well without need of recalibration for 124 days.
A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. population in the gut microbiota of mice (2014)

CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp.
The development of a fabrication process for passive photonic crystal devices in InP / InGaAsP (2008)

Photonic crystals (PhCs) -metamaterials with a periodic modulation of the refractive index in the order of the lights wavelength -provide an excellent control over the flow of light.Proper choice of the PhC design parameters allows to adapt the dispersion relation according to the researcher's demand and even a photonic bandgap (PBG) -a frequency region where light propagation in the PhC is completely forbidden -may be opened.Their design flexibility makes them promising for enhancing the performance of optical devices like semiconductor lasers or integrated optical signal processing.A quite common and well-proven approach to make use of the unique properties of PhCs is the use of planar 2D-PhC.Thereby the periodic refractive index modulation is restricted to the horizontal plane, and light guiding in the vertical direction is achieved by a conventional slab waveguide.Usually the horizontal refractive index is spatially modulated by etching an array of air-holes into a background semiconductor substrate.For active telecom applications at =1550nm, the fabrication of such structures require advanced fabrication methods like nanometer-scale lithography or high aspect-ratio etching of indium phosphide (InP).Such fabrication methods are still beyond state-of-the art semiconductor processing.Our research group started an activity to explore the capabilities of PhCs for integrated optics at =1550nm.This dissertation lays a cornerstone for the required fabrication and measurement technology.After an introduction to the research field, in the first part of this work the fabrication technology for PhCs is presented.Special emphasis on the semiconductor etching process is given here.In the subsequent chapters, we present and characterize our measurement setup.With the help of this equipment the transmission data of the PhC devices, which are presented at the end of this work, is measured.
gThe Dorothy Russell Memorial Lecture* The molecular and cellular sequelae of experimental traumatic brain injury: pathogenetic mechanisms (1998)

The mechanisms underlying secondary or delayed cell death following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are poorly understood. Recent evidence from experimental models of TBI suggest that diffuse and widespread neuronal damage and loss is progressive and prolonged for months to years after the initial insult in selectively vulnerable regions of the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, and subcortical nuclei. The development of new neuropathological and molecular techniques has generated new insights into the cellular and molecular sequelae of brain trauma. This paper will review the literature suggesting that alterations in intracellular calcium with resulting changes in gene expression, activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of intracellular proteases (calpains), expression of neurotrophic factors, and activation of cell death genes (apoptosis) may play a role in mediating delayed cell death after trauma. Recent data suggesting that TBI should be considered as both an inflammatory and/or a neurodegenerative disease is also presented. Further research concerning the complex molecular and neuropathological cascades following brain trauma should be conducted, as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed.
THE GREEN TEA POLYPHENOL EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE IMPROVES SYSTEMIC HEMODYNAMICS AND SURVIVAL IN RODENT MODELS OF POLYMICROBIAL SEPSIS (2007)

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the main polyphenolic flavonoid found in green tea. Recent in vitro studies have suggested that EGCG inhibits activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway. The NF-kappaB is a transcriptional factor required for gene expression of many inflammatory mediators, including the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Excessive NO production by NOS2 is directly linked to the vasoplegia, shock, and mortality associated with sepsis. Accordingly, we hypothesized that EGCG administration would inhibit NOS2 gene expression and thereby improve survival in a rodent model of polymicrobial sepsis. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (hemodynamic study) and C57BL6 mice (mortality study) via cecal ligation and double puncture (CL2P). Rodents were treated with either EGCG (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or vehicle at 1 and 6 h after CL2P and every 12 h thereafter. In the hemodynamic study, mean arterial blood pressure was monitored for 18 h, and rats were killed at 3, 6, and 18 h after CL2P. In the mortality study, survival was monitored for 72 h after CL2P in mice. In vehicle-treated rodents, CL2P was associated with profound hypotension and greater than 80% mortality rate. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment significantly improved both the hypotension and survival. In vitro experiments further showed that EGCG inhibited activation of NF-kappaB and subsequent NOS2 gene expression in a primary culture of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate may therefore represent a potential nutritional supplement or pharmacologic agent in patients with sepsis.
Methods of evaluation of autonomic nervous system function (2010)

Disturbances of the autonomic nervous system play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and clinical course of many diseases. Recently, rapid development has occurred in the clinical assessment of autonomic function. Various procedures have been described as diagnostic tools to monitor autonomic dysfunction. Some of them are mostly used for research purposes. Many, however, have found their place in routine clinical evaluation. Our paper presents selected methods of assessment of the autonomic nervous system with particular emphasis on those that are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system. We discuss multiple tests based on cardiovascular reflexes, methods of studying heart rate variability as well as direct catecholamine measurements. Moreover, we outline tests of sudomotor function and microneurography.
Enhanced Butanol Production by Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 Grown in Semidefined P2 Medium Containing 6 Percent Maltodextrin or Glucose (1997)

Dramatically elevated levels of butanol and acetone resulted in higher butanol and total solvent yields for hyperamylolytic Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 relative to the NCIMB 8052 parent strain grown in semidefined P2 medium containing either 6% glucose or STAR-DRI 5 maltodextrin. C. beijerinckii BA101 consistently produced on the order of 19 g of butanol per liter in 20-liter batch fermentations. This represents a greater than 100% increase in butanol concentration by the BA101 strain compared to the parent NCIMB 8052 strain. The kinetics of butanol production over time also indicate a more rapid rate of butanol production by BA101 in semidefined P2 medium containing glucose or maltodextrin. The lower levels of butyric and acetic acids produced over the course of the fermentation carried out by BA101 are consistent with an enhanced capacity for uptake and recycling of these acids. C. beijerinckii BA101 appears to more completely utilize carbohydrate compared to the 8052 strain. Carbon balance following fermentation by C. beijerinckii 8052 and BA101 indicates that sufficient carbon is available for the twofold increase in butanol concentration observed during BA101 fermentations. C. beijerinckii BA101 also has superior solvent production capacity during continuous culture fermentation in P2 medium containing 6% glucose. Volumetric solvent yields of 0.78 and 1.74 g/liter/h for BA101 and 0.34 and 1.17 g/liter/h for NCIMB 8052 were obtained at dilution rates of 0.05 and 0.20 h(sup-1), respectively. No drift towards acid synthesis (strain degeneration) was observed for up to 200 h (d = 0.05 h(sup-1)) and 100 h (d = 0.20 h(sup-1)).
A C/sup 2/-continuous B-spline quaternion curve interpolating a given sequence of solid orientations (2002)

An algorithm is presented that constructs a C/sup 2/-continuous B-spline quaternion curve which interpolates a given sequence of unit quaternions on the rotation group SO(3). The de Casteljau type construction method of B-spline curves can be extended to generate B-spline quaternion curves; however, the B-spline quaternion curves do not have C/sup 2/-continuity in SO(3). The authors recently suggested a new construction method that can extend a B-spline curve to a similar one in SO(3) while preserving the C/sup k/-continuity of the B-spline curve. We adapt this method for the construction of a B-spline quaternion interpolation curve. Thus, the problem essentially reduces to the problem of finding the control points for the B-spline interpolation curve. However, due to the non-linearity of the associated constraint equations, it is non-trivial to compute the B-spline control points. We provide an efficient iterative refinement solution which can approximate the control points very precisely.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Conjugates of oligonucleotides and modified oligonucleotides: a review of their synthesis and properties (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTConjugates of oligonucleotides and modified oligonucleotides: a review of their synthesis and propertiesJohn GoodchildCite this: Bioconjugate Chem. 1990, 1, 3, 165–187Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bc00003a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bc00003a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2999Altmetric-Citations348LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Fixation Type on DNA Extracted from Paraffin-Embedded Tissue for PCR Studies in Dermatopathology (1997)

This investigation corroborates previous reports investigating the effect of ethanol and formalin fixation on DNA amplification by PCR. Moreover, this is the first study showing that DNA extracted from tissue fixed with Histochoice is suitable for PCR gene amplification.