gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antihyperalgesic Effect of a Recombinant Herpes Virus Encoding Antisense for Calcitonin Gene–related Peptide (2007)

Viral vector-mediated knockdown of CGRP in primary afferent neurons provides a promising tool for treatment of chronic pain states as well as for studies investigating the pathophysiology underlying these conditions.
Myeloid cell factor–1 is a critical survival factor for multiple myeloma (2002)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow caused primarily by failure of normal homeostatic mechanisms to prevent the expansion of postgerminal center plasma cells. We have examined the molecular mechanisms that promote the survival of MM cells and have identified a key role for myeloid cell factor-1 (Mcl-1), an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family. These experiments were initiated by the observation that MM cells were exquisitely sensitive to culture in the presence of actinomycin D: caspase activation occurred within 3 hours of treatment and cells were not protected by interleukin-6, the main MM cell growth and survival factor. Actinomycin D-induced apoptosis was blocked by proteasome inhibitors, suggesting that a labile protein was required for MM cell survival. Further analysis demonstrated that Mcl-1 was likely to be the labile factor governing MM cell survival. Mcl-1 protein levels decreased rapidly after culture in the presence of actinomycin D in concordance with effector caspase activation, but addition of proteasome inhibitors reversed the loss of Mcl-1 and maintained cell viability. The levels of other antiapoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2 and members of the inhibitors-of-apoptosis family, were unaffected by these interventions. Furthermore, Mcl-1 antisense oligonucleotides caused a rapid down-regulation of Mcl-1 protein levels and the coincident induction of apoptosis, whereas overexpression of Mcl-1 delayed actinomycin D-induced apoptosis with kinetics that correlated with expression levels of Mcl-1. These data indicate that Mcl-1 expression is required for the survival of MM cells and may represent an important target for future therapeutics.
Rfam: an RNA family database (2003)

Rfam is a collection of multiple sequence alignments and covariance models representing non-coding RNA families. Rfam is available on the web in the UK at http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Software/Rfam/ and in the US at http://rfam.wustl.edu/. These websites allow the user to search a query sequence against a library of covariance models, and view multiple sequence alignments and family annotation. The database can also be downloaded in flatfile form and searched locally using the INFERNAL package (http://infernal.wustl.edu/). The first release of Rfam (1.0) contains 25 families, which annotate over 50 000 non-coding RNA genes in the taxonomic divisions of the EMBL nucleotide database.
Site‐directed mutagenesis of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease: Lysine‐41 and aspartate‐121 (1991)

Chemical modification studies suggest that two residues of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A), Lys-41 and Asp-121, are important for catalysis. Three mutants of RNase A have been prepared, two point mutants with Lys-41 altered to Arg-41 and Asp-121 altered to Glu-121, and a double mutant where both residues are altered. The Lys-41 Arg mutant has ca. 2% the catalytic activity (kcat/Km) of the native protein, while the Asp-121Glu mutant has ca. 17% the catalytic activity of the native protein. The double mutant has catalytic activity comparable to the Lys-41Arg mutant.
EPR evidence for binuclear manganese(II) centers in rat liver arginase (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEPR evidence for binuclear manganese(II) centers in rat liver arginaseRobert S. Reczkowski and David E. AshCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 27, 10992–10994Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00053a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00053a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyocyanin and 1-hydroxyphenazine inhibit fungal growth. (1999)

There may be a role for pyocyanin and 1-hydroxyphenazine in the prevention of pulmonary candidiasis in patients colonised by P aeruginosa.
Myofibroblast induction and microvascular alteration in scleroderma lung fibrosis. (2005)

We conclude that the induction of myofibroblasts and the overdevelopment of capillary microvessels characterize the progression of lung fibrosis in SSc. Using these histological alterations as criteria, therefore we have divided the fibrosis formed in the SSc lungs into four pathological stages. These results suggest that both fibroblast overproliferation and vascular abnormality play an important role in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis in SSc.
Stabilization of pericardial tissue by dye‐mediated photooxidation (1994)

Bovine pericardial tissue was stabilized through a dye-mediated photooxidation reaction. Shrink temperature analysis of the stabilized tissue indicated a material with similar properties to untreated pericardial tissue and unlike identical tissue treated with glutaraldehyde. Photooxidized tissue was resistant to extraction when compared with untreated tissue or control tissues treated in the absence of light or dye. Photooxidized tissue was also resistant to enzymatic digestion by pepsin and to chemical digestion by cyanogen bromide (CNBr). In contrast, untreated or control treated tissues were readily digested by these reagents. Reduction of photooxidized tissue with beta-mercaptoethanol prior to CNBr digestion partially restored susceptibility of the tissue to CNBr digestion, indicating the photooxidation of methionine residues. Soluble collagen derived from bovine pericardium was used as a model compound for the photooxidation reaction. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis indicated the photooxidative conversion of collagen into higher molecular weight aggregates consistent with intermolecular crosslink formation. Photooxidized tissue was stable to in vivo degradation when compared with control tissue. Results presented here indicate a crosslinked pericardial tissue produced by dye-mediated photooxidation possessing properties of chemical stability, enzymatic stability, in vivo stability, and biomechanical integrity suitable for use as a biomaterial.
Performance evaluation of heterojunction bipolar transistors designed for high optical gain (2002)

This paper evaluates the performance of thin base Npn heterojunction bipolar transistors designed for high optical gain in the base while biased in the active regime. Pisces/Blaze simulations indicate that injected carrier concentrations exceeding 10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/ can be achieved resulting in an estimated optical gain /spl sim/3000 cm/sup -1/. Furthermore, a very large increase in differential base electron concentration with emitter current yields a high modulation depth with no insertion loss but low f/sub T/. Estimated performance of this device in a microwave fiber optic link application is given.
Money and Output: Correlation or Causality? (1992)

At the center of monetary economics is a puzzling observation: innovations (unexpected surges) in the nation&amp;apos;s total supply of money are historically correlated with innovations in real out-put Standard monetary economics can easily explain why an increase in the number of dollars will increase the prices of goods and thus nominal out-put, the dollar value of the economy&amp;apos;s production. But why should the numher of nearly ficti-tious items called dollars be linked to the amount of real goods produced by workers and machines? Can dollars make workers more intelligent or reduce the breakdown of machinery? The question is of interest to policymakers as well as academics The Federal Reserve System
Molecular biology of breast cancer metastasis Genetic regulation of human breast carcinoma metastasis (2000)

The present is an overview of recent data that describes the genetic underpinnings of the suppression of cancer metastasis. Despite the explosion of new information about the genetics of cancer, only six human genes have thus far been shown to suppress metastasis functionally. Not all have been shown to be functional in breast carcinoma. Several additional genes inhibit various steps of the metastatic cascade, but do not necessarily block metastasis when tested using in vivo assays. The implications of this are discussed. Two recently discovered metastasis suppressor genes block proliferation of tumor cells at a secondary site, offering a new target for therapeutic intervention.
Remarkably Volatile Copper(II) Complexes of N,N‘-Unsymmetrically Substituted 1,3-Diketimines as Precursors for Cu Metal Deposition via CVD or ALD (2005)

To enhance the volatility of the copper precursor in the copper deposition process, it was envisioned that N,N'-unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-diketimines should be more volatile than their symmetrically substituted counterparts. A variety of Cu(II) (N,N'-unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-diketiminate) complexes have been synthesized and have proven to be much more volatile than their symmetrical counterparts. This makes the new materials particularly attractive to the ALD and CVD processes. Among the new compounds, 8-a and 8-b are sublimable even at room temperature.
Total Synthesis of Platensimycin (2006)

Beat the superbugs: The newly discovered antibiotic platensimycin (1) promises to combat current drug-resistant infections. The natural product shows potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria and contains a novel molecular architecture. The total synthesis of this intriguing natural product that opens the way to a variety of otherwise inaccessible analogues has now been achieved (calculated structure shown on the right).
Information transfer from peptide nucleic acids to RNA by template- directed syntheses (1997)

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are uncharged analogs of DNA and RNA in which the ribose-phosphate backbone is substituted by a backbone held together by amide bonds. PNAs are interesting as models of alternative genetic systems because they form potentially informational base paired helical structures. A PNA C10 oligomer has been shown to act as template for efficient formation of oligoguanylates from activated guanosine ribonucleotides. In a previous paper we used heterosequences of DNA as templates in sequence-dependent polymerization of PNA dimers. In this paper we show that information can be transferred from PNA to RNA. We describe the reactions of activated mononucleotides on heterosequences of PNA. Adenylic, cytidylic and guanylic acids were incorporated into the products opposite their complement on PNA, although less efficiently than on DNA templates.
Chambers materials science and technology dictionary (1993)

For professionals and students alike, this is an essential reference with over 6,500 accurate, wide-ranging definitions covering modern materials.
Flow analysis and optimization of LISP-like structures (1979)

In [12] the authors introduced the concept of binding time optimization and presented a series of data flow analytic methods for determining some of the binding time characteristics of programs. In this paper we extend that work by providing methods for determining the class of shapes which an unbounded data object may assume during execution of a LISP-like program, and describe a number of uses to which that information may be put to improve storage allocation in compilers and interpreters for advanced programming languages.We are concerned chiefly with finding, for each program point and variable a finite description of a set of graphs which includes all the shapes of values the variable could assume at that point during the execution of a program. If this set is small or regular in structure, this information can be used to optimize the program's execution, mainly by use of more efficient storage allocation schemes.In the first part we show how to construct from a program without selective updating a tree grammar whose nonterminals generate the desired sets of graphs; in this case they will all be trees. The tree grammars are of a more general form than is usually studied [8, 19], so we show that they may be converted to the usual form. The resulting tree grammar could naturally be viewed as a recursive type definition [11] of the values the variables may assume. Further, standard algorithms may be employed to test for infiniteness, emptiness or linearity of the tree structure.In the second part selective updating is allowed, so an alternate semantics is introduced which more closely resembles traditional LISP implementations, and which is equivalent to the tree model for programs without selective updating. In this model data objects are directed graphs. We devise a finite approximation method which provides enough information to detect cell sharing and cyclic structures whenever they can possibly occur. This information can be used to recognize when the use of garbage collection or of reference counts may be avoided.The work reported in the second part of this paper extends that of Schwartz [17] and Cousot and Cousot [7]. They have developed methods for determining whether the values of two or more variables share cells, while we provide information on the detailed structure of what is shared. The ability to detect cycles is also new. It also extends the work of Kaplan [13], who distinguishes only binary relations among the variables of a program, does not handle cycles, and does not distinguish selectors (so that his analysis applies to nodes representing sets rather than ordered tuples).
Fast 3D Scanning with Automatic Motion Compensation (2007)

We present a novel 3D scanning system combining stereo and active illumination based on phase-shift for robust and accurate scene reconstruction. Stereo overcomes the traditional phase discontinuity problem and allows for the reconstruction of complex scenes containing multiple objects. Due to the sequential recording of three patterns, motion will introduce artifacts in the reconstruction. We develop a closed-form expression for the motion error in order to apply motion compensation on a pixel level. The resulting scanning system can capture accurate depth maps of complex dynamic scenes at 17 fps and can cope with both rigid and deformable objects.
Natural Language Processing (almost) from Scratch (2011)

Editor: We propose a unified neural network architecture and learning algorithm that can be applied to various natural language processing tasks including: part-of-speech tagging, chunking, named entity recognition, and semantic role labeling, achieving or exceeding state-of-theart performance in each on four benchmark tasks. Our goal was to design a flexible architecture that can learn representations useful for the tasks, thus avoiding excessive taskspecific feature engineering (and therefore disregarding a lot of prior knowledge). Instead of exploiting man-made input features carefully optimized for each task, our system learns internal representations on the basis of vast amounts of mostly unlabelled training data. This work is then used as a basis for building a freely available tagging system with excellent performance while requiring minimal computational resources. Keywords:
Evaluation of Hierarchical Temporal Memory in algorithmic trading (2010)

This thesis looks into how one could use Hierarchal Temporal Memory (HTM) networks to generate models that could be used as trading algorithms. The thesis begins with a brief introduction to algorithmic trading and commonly used concepts when developing trading algorithms. The thesis then proceeds to explain what an HTM is and how it works. To explore whether an HTM could be used to generate models that could be used as trading algorithms, the thesis conducts a series of experiments. The goal of the experiments is to iteratively optimize the settings for an HTM and try to generate a model that when used as a trading algorithm would have more profitable trades than losing trades. The setup of the experiments is to train an HTM to predict if it is a good time to buy some shares in a security and hold them for a fixed time before selling them again. A fair amount of the models generated during the experiments was profitable on data the model have never seen before, therefore the author concludes that it is possible to train an HTM so it can be used as a profitable trading algorithm.
High frequency of the expression of the MAGE gene family in human esophageal carcinoma (1997)

The human gene MAGE encodes tumor specific peptide antigens and consists of at least 12 families. Some antigens coded by the MAGE genes may be potentially useful for cancer specific immunotherapy. There is, however, so far little information on the expression of these gene families in human esophageal carcinomas. We investigated the expression of MAGE-1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -8, -9, -10, -11, and -12 genes in 24 human esophageal carcinoma cell lines, and in 50 pairs of tumor and corresponding normal tissue specimens from the human esophagus by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression rate varied from 13% of MAGE-6 and 8 to 79% of MAGE-4 in the esophageal carcinoma cell lines, and from 6% of MAGE-6 to 62% of MAGE-4 in clinical tumor samples. The most frequently and the least expressed gene were the MAGE-4 and MAGE-6 genes, respectively, in both the cell lines and the clinical samples. Forty-seven of the 50 clinical tumors expressed at least one MAGE gene. No significant clinicopathologic difference between the tumor cases was observed, regardless of the presence or absence of MAGE gene expression. The findings of this study thus demonstrated that the MAGE gene family is frequently expressed in clinical samples as well as in the cell lines of human esophageal carcinomas. Therefore, to identify the MAGE gene family may be useful, not only for esophageal tumor specific immunotherapy but for molecular diagnostic usage as well.
Dendrimers as Nanocarriers for Nucleic Acid and Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy (2017)

Dendrimers are highly branched polymers with easily modifiable surfaces. This makes them promising structures for functionalization and also for conjugation with drugs and DNA/RNA. Their architecture, which can be controlled by different synthesis processes, allows the control of characteristics such as shape, size, charge, and solubility. Dendrimers have the ability to increase the solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. The drugs can be entrapped in the intramolecular cavity of the dendrimers or conjugated to their functional groups at their surface. Nucleic acids usually form complexes with the positively charged surface of most cationic dendrimers and this approach has been extensively employed. The presence of functional groups in the dendrimer's exterior also permits the addition of other moieties that can actively target certain diseases and improve delivery, for instance, with folate and antibodies, now widely used as tumor targeting strategies. Dendrimers have been investigated extensively in the medical field, and cancer treatment is one of the greatest areas where they have been most used. This review will consider the main types of dendrimer currently being explored and how they can be utilized as drug and gene carriers and functionalized to improve the delivery of cancer therapy.
Carotid Artery Stenosis near a Bifurcation Investigated by Fluid Dynamic Analyses (2013)

Haemodynamic physical parameters play a role in determining endothelial cell phenotype and influence vascular remodelling. Accurate measurement of total pressure, velocity magnitude, and wall shear stress is vital for studies on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This paper investigated a lesion-based computational fluid dynamic (CFD-Fluent) pilot analysis to understand the complex haemodynamic changes prevailing in patients with high-grade carotid artery stenosis (CS) 90%. All subjects were examined with colour-flow Doppler, power Doppler, and digital subtraction angiography to enable visualization of carotid stenosis and plaque surface morphology, and used to generate computational meshes. Two models were devised: the first without any stenosis and the second with an 82% grade of stenosis localized in the external carotid artery. The distribution of the principal parameters can be obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD-Fluent) using patient-specific geometries and flow analytical measurements. The total pressure distribution ranged between 16,000 and 8,000 Pa in the case of normal carotid artery and 16,000 and 5,500 Pa in the case of the stenosed artery. The velocity registered a peak in the stenosis region of 5 m/s. The mean wall shear stress within the stenosis region was 360 Pa. In conclusion, patient-based CFD-Fluent analysis of CS predicts a complex haemodynamic environment with large spatial haemodynamic parameter variations that occur very rapidly over short distances. Our results improve estimates of the flow changes and forces at the vessel wall in CS and the link between haemodynamic changes and stenosis pathophysiology.
Pyridoxylated Polyhemoglobin as a Red Cell Substitute for Resuscitation of Lethal Hemorrhagic Shock in Conscious Rats (1985)

In our previous work, pyridoxylated polyhemoglobin (PP-PolyHB) was shown to have a P50 = 16-18 torr, and a half-life (T 1/2) of 20 hrs in the circulation of rats given a 75% isovolemic exchange transfusion. For the present study, a rapid and lethal hemorrhagic shock model has been specifically designed to assess the ability of PP-PolyHB to function as an emergency resuscitation fluid. Using 48 fully conscious rats with special chronic arterial and venous cannulations, shock was induced by bleeding 67% of total blood volume in less than 40 min; producing 100% mortality in nonresuscitated controls. Resuscitation was carried out using one of the following infusion fluids equivalent in volume to the bled volume: Ringer's solution, albumin solution, stroma-free Hb (SFHb), pyridoxylated SFHb (PP-SFHb), PP-PolyHb, and whole blood. Long-term (greater than 8 day) survival rate of rats (n = 12) resuscitated with PP-PolyHb was 75% compared to 83% for autologous whole blood. Survival following resuscitation with the other fluids was substantially lower. These results indicate that PP-PolyHb could effectively resuscitate lethal hemorrhagic shock in conscious rats, and provide long-term survival afterwards, even in the absence of any additional fluid maintenance.