gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cancer stem cells in the brain: Response to temozolomide (2007)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

C4 

Cancer cells are functionally heterogeneous and cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated to initiate and sustain tumor growth in immunocompromised animal models. CSCs isolated by their ability to efflux the Hoechst 33342 dye (termed “side population”, SP) have been studied in a variety of cancers including malignant brain tumors. Chemotherapeutic drugs have been shown to increase the number of SP cells which express ABC multidrug resistance transporters, thereby contributing to enhanced survival and sustaining their clonogenicity during exposure to cytostatic drugs. This may in turn allow disease recurrence when therapy is withdrawn. Malignant gliomas have a poor prognosis and are notoriously chemoresistant. We therefore sought to investigate the nature of SP cells and their response to temozolomide in two commonly used glioma cell lines, U87MG and T98G. SP cells in U87MG exhibited stem cell-like characteristics, increased tumorigenic potential and increased invasiveness compared to non-SP cells. We show that temozolomide treatment resulted in significant SP increase, and this correlated with an increase in both number of stem-like cells, as well as an increase in transcription of certain ABC drug transporters. Since the ABCG2 drug transporter has been frequently associated with the SP phenotype, we explored if ABCG2 knockdown would lead to abrogation of this SP increase and its tumorigenic potential following temozolomide treatment. Our findings suggest that ABCG2 knockdown is unable to abrogate the enhanced survival capability of SP cells. We propose a mechanism to explain the frequent temozolomide resistance seen in many patients undergoing the drug therapy.
Antisense oligonucleotides in solution or encapsulated in immunoliposomes inhibit replication of HIV-1 by several different mechanisms (1994)

Phosphodiester and phosphorothioate oligonucleotides in alpha and beta configurations directed against the initiation codon region of the HIV-1 rev gene were evaluated for their ability to inhibit HIV-1 replication in acutely and chronically infected human CEM cells. Encapsulation in antibody-targeted liposomes (immunoliposomes) permitted intracellular delivery and distinction between oligonucleotide-mediated inhibition of viral entry and intracellular effects on viral RNA. Our results are consistent with four mechanisms of antiviral activity for these antisense oligonucleotides: (i) interference with virus-mediated cell fusion by free but not liposome-encapsulated phosphorothioate oligonucleotides of any sequence; (ii) interference with reverse transcription in a sequence non-specific manner by phosphorothioate oligonucleotides in alpha and beta configurations; (iii) interference with viral reverse transcription in a sequence-specific and RNase-H-independent manner by alpha and beta phosphodiester oligonucleotides; (iv) interference with viral mRNA in a sequence-specific and RNase-H-dependent manner by beta-phosphorothioate oligonucleotides.
The Elastogenetic Process in Transplants and Cultures of Isolated Auricular Chondrocytes (1981)

Chondrocytes isolated from auricular cartilage of rabbits in the early postnatal period were transplanted intramuscularly into closely related animals and the reconstruction of cartilage and formation of elastic fibers monitored. Elastogenesis was most produced in transplants from younger donors. Auricular chondrocytes from 7 day old rabbits also produced elastic fibers in tissue culture, undergoing morphological changes similar to those occurring in vivo. The ability to form elastic fibers declined after prolonged cultivation.
Efficient policies for increasing capacity in Bluetooth: an indoor pico-cellular wireless system (2002)

In indoor pico-cellular wireless systems, such as Bluetooth, a pico-cell has a master-slave configuration. Bluetooth is a centralized master driven system that supports time division duplex medium access control. A pico-cell has a limit on the maximum number of active slaves. In Bluetooth, a pico-cell can have a maximum of seven slaves in active state (capable of transmitting and receiving data). The remaining slaves in a pico-cell remain in an inactive state. Having more than seven slaves connected to the master can be advantageous in many situations. Having a large number of slaves in one pico-cell as compared to forming new pico-cells can lead to lower power consumption and a relatively simple network architecture. We investigate different methods of increasing the capacity of Bluetooth pico-cells. We propose new policies using the park mode to increase the number slaves virtually connected to a master. These policies can have a significant impact on system parameters such as the throughput, packet delays and dropping probability of packets.
Molecular‐Recognition Characteristics of SAM‐Binding Riboswitches (2006)

A series of analogues of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) have been used to examine the molecular-recognition characteristics of an RNA genetic element or riboswitch. Biochemical assays indicate that the riboswitch of the SAM-I class is highly selective for SAM and exhibits a pattern of molecular recognition that is distinct from that of the SAM-II class of riboswitches.
Molecular cloning and characterization of the pgm gene encoding phosphoglucomutase of Escherichia coli (1994)

We report here the identification and characterization of pgm, a gene in Escherichia coli that encodes the enzyme phosphoglucomutase, specifically required for the catalysis of the interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. The predicted amino acid sequence of the pgm gene is highly conserved in E. coli, Acetobacter xylinum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, rabbits, and humans. pgm deletion mutant strains are deficient in phosphoglucomutase activity.
纵横捭阖：托尼·奥赖利传 (2009)

就在36年前的今天——1973年3月16日——托尼·奥赖利首次走入一家报社的办公室。他时年37岁，已经是美国商业界的明星人物（时任当时世界上最大的食品公司之一——亨氏公司的总裁）。他出手100多万英镑，控股《爱尔兰独立报》，首次跨入媒体界。当时这份位于奥赖利老家都柏林的报纸固步自封，衰败不堪。
Role of disulfide bonding in outer membrane structure and permeability in Chlamydia trachomatis (1984)

The outer membrane of Chlamydia trachomatis can be efficiently solubilized by a variety of mild detergents in the presence of the reducing agent dithiothreitol. This allows purification of the chlamydial major outer membrane protein at high yield in very gentle conditions by using its differential solubility in Sarkosyl and octylglucoside in the presence of dithiothreitol. The major outer membrane protein of the L2 serovar is an acidic protein with a pI of ca. 5. It contains three cysteine residues that allow it to form a disulfide-linked proteinaceous network responsible for the characteristic rigid outer membrane of the elementary body. By the use of an in vitro reconstitution assay developed by Nikaido and his co-workers, it was shown that the outer membrane contains pores with an "exclusion limit" between molecular weights 850 and 2,250. In addition, the "opening-closing" of the pores was shown to be controlled through a simple reduction-oxidation mechanism. A model that outlines the role of disulfide bonding in the physiology of chlamydial development is presented.
Molecular regulation of HDL metabolism and function: implications for novel therapies (2006)

HDL metabolism represents a major target for the development of therapies intended to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. HDL metabolism is complex and involves dissociation of HDL apolipoprotein and HDL cholesterol metabolism. Advances in our understanding of the molecular regulation of HDL metabolism, macrophage cholesterol efflux, and HDL function will lead to a variety of novel therapeutics.
Subcellular Pathways of β-Endorphin Synthesis, Processing, and Release from Immunocytes in Inflammatory Pain (2003)

The opioid peptide beta-endorphin (END) as well as mRNA for its precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) are found not only in the pituitary gland, but also within various types of immune cells infiltrating inflamed sc tissue. During stressful stimuli END is released and interacts with peripheral opioid receptors to inhibit pain. However, the subcellular pathways of POMC processing and END release have not yet been delineated in inflammatory cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the presence of POMC, carboxypeptidase E, the prohormone convertases 1 (PC1), and 2 (PC2), PC2-binding protein 7B2, and the release of END from inflammatory cells in rats. Using immunohistochemistry we detected END and POMC alone or colocalized with PC1, PC2, carboxypeptidase E, and 7B2 in macrophages/monocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes of the blood and within inflamed sc paw tissue. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that END is localized within secretory granules packed in membranous structures in macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes. Finally, END is released by noradrenaline from immune cells in vitro. Taken together, our results indicate that immune cells express the entire machinery required for POMC processing into functionally active peptides such as END and are able to release these peptides from secretory granules.
Efficient and stable single-doped white OLEDs using a palladium-based phosphorescent excimer (2017)

A tetradentate Pd(ii) complex, Pd3O3, which exhibits highly efficient excimer emission is synthesized and characterized. Pd3O3 can achieve blue emission despite using phenyl-pyridine emissive ligands which have been a mainstay of stable green and red phosphorescent emitter designs, making Pd3O3 a good candidate for stable blue or white OLEDs. Pd3O3 exhibits strong and efficient phosphorescent excimer emission expanding the excimer based white OLEDs beyond the sole class of Pt complexes. Devices of Pd3O3 demonstrate peak external quantum efficiencies as high as 24.2% and power efficiencies of 67.9 Lm per W for warm white devices. Furthermore, Pd3O3 devices in a carefully designed stable structure achieved a device operational lifetime of nearly 3000 h at 1000 cd m<sup>-2</sup> without any outcoupling enhancement while simultaneously achieving peak external quantum efficiencies of 27.3% and power efficiencies over 81 Lm per W.
Double resonance multiphoton ionization studies of high Rydberg states in nitric oxide (NO) (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDouble resonance multiphoton ionization studies of high Rydberg states in nitric oxide (NO)Mark Seaver, William A. Chupka, Steven D. Colson, and Dolores GauyacqCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 12, 2226–2231Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100235a036https://doi.org/10.1021/j100235a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Hypotonicity Induces Aquaporin-2 Internalization and Cytosol-to-Membrane Translocation of ICln in Renal Cells (2006)

Kidney collecting-duct cells swell in response to changes in medulla osmolality caused by the transition from antidiuresis to diuresis. Regulatory volume decrease (RVD) mechanisms must be activated to face this hypotonic stress. In Aquaporin-2 (AQP2)-expressing renal CD8 cells, hypotonicity decreased cell surface expression of AQP2 and increased the amount of AQP2 localized intracellularly, whereas the total amount of AQP2 phosphorylated at ser-256 decreased. Analysis of cAMP dynamics using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) showed that hypotonicity causes a reduction of cAMP, consistent with a decrease in phospho-AQP2. Moreover, hypotonicity caused a profound actin reorganization, associated with the loss of stress fibers and formation of F-actin patches (microspikes) at the cell border. Those changes were regulated by the monomeric GTPase Cdc42. Interestingly, expression of the dominant-negative Cdc42 (N17-Cdc42) prevented the hypotonicity-induced microspike formation and the generation of Cl(-) currents. Hypotonicity also caused the relocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane and increase in interaction with actin of ICln (nucleotide-sensitive chloride current protein), which is essential for the generation of ion currents activated during RVD. Together, the profound actin remodeling, internalization of AQP2 and translocation of ICln to the plasma membrane during hypotonicity may contribute to RVD after cell swelling in renal medulla.
HER1/EGFR Targeting: Refining the Strategy (2004)

Human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER, targeting has formed the basis of extensive and growing drug development programs in various companies. However, receptor biology is often poorly explained and confusing. The HER family of four naturally occurring receptors and one tumor-specific mutant can activate signaling via a complex and sophisticated range of mechanisms, which we are only beginning to understand. HER1/EGFR downstream signaling can lead to tumor growth and development via a host of processes, including enhanced cellular proliferation, survival, and metastasis. A range of potential therapeutic targets exists within the HER signaling system, both inside and outside the cell. Monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, acting extracellularly and intracellularly, respectively, comprise two classes of agents most advanced in clinical development or already available for use. Despite promising single-agent activity in chemotherapy-resistant patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), disappointing results from two phase III trials of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib in NSCLC have been of concern to some. However, many factors may have contributed to this outcome, and it is not necessarily predictive of the future usefulness of these agents. Patient characteristics, lack of patient selection, dosing schedule, and trial design may all have played roles. It is important to remember that intracellular targeting of HER is a relatively novel approach, and our knowledge of how best to optimize such treatment is still unfolding. More clinical experience is needed.
Direct synthesis of silicon nanowires, silica nanospheres, and wire-like nanosphere agglomerates (2000)

Elevated temperature synthesis has been used to generate virtually defect free SiO2 sheathed crystalline silicon nanowires and silica (SiO2) nanospheres which can be agglomerated to wire-like configurations impregnated with crystalline silicon. The SiO2 passivated (sheathed) crystalline silicon nanowires, generated with a modified approach using a heated Si–SiO2 mix, with their axes parallel to 〈111〉 are found to be virtually defect free. Modifications to the system allow the simultaneous formation of SiO2 nanospheres (d∼10–30 nm) as virtually monodisperse gram quantity powders which form large surface area catalysts for the selective conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde.
VLSI implementation for low density parity check decoder (2002)

In this paper, a low complexity digital Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) turbo code decoder architecture for real-time cellular personal communication application is presented. The proposed VLSI decoder architecture alleviates the use of complex operations such as combinational arithmetic, exponent computations and reduces intermediate storage as well as interleaving latency by incorporating an in-place algorithm, index look-up table and address counter. In addition, the output section and termination of iteration are implemented by simple decision logic. The entire decoder is designed and synthesized using the Synopsys VHDL computer aided design tool.
Development of mathematical descriptions of mammalian cell culture kinetics for the optimization of fed-batch bioreactors (1987)

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Applied Biological Sciences, 1987.
Genomic deletions and precise removal of transposable elements mediated by short identical DNA segments in primates (2005)

Insertion of transposable elements is a major cause of genomic expansion in eukaryotes. Less is understood, however, about mechanisms underlying contraction of genomes. In this study, we show that retroelements can, in rare cases, be precisely deleted from primate genomes, most likely via recombination between 10- to 20-bp target site duplications (TSDs) flanking the retroelement. The deleted loci are indistinguishable from pre-integration sites, effectively reversing the insertion. Through human-chimpanzee-Rhesus monkey genomic comparisons, we estimate that 0.5%-1% of apparent retroelement "insertions" distinguishing humans and chimpanzees actually represent deletions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 19% of genomic deletions of 200-500 bp that have occurred since the human-chimpanzee divergence are associated with flanking identical repeats of at least 10 bp. A large number of deletions internal to Alu elements were also found flanked by homologies. These results suggest that illegitimate recombination between short direct repeats has played a significant role in human genome evolution. Moreover, this study lends perspective to the view that insertions of retroelements represent unidirectional genetic events.
Mobile IP (1997)

Mobile IP has been designed within the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to serve the needs of the burgeoning population of mobile computer users who wish to connect to the Internet and maintain communications as they move from place to place. The basic protocol is described, with details given on the three major component protocols: agent advertisement, registration, and tunneling. Then route optimization procedures are outlined, and further topics of current interest are described. The available tunneling mechanisms are shown, which the home agent uses to forward datagrams from the home network to the mobile computer. Having covered the details of the base mobile IP specification, we then describe further protocol messages which help to decrease the inefficiency associated with inserting the home agent in the routing path of data destined for mobile computers. Finally, we summarize and discuss the current problems facing mobile IP, as well as a few areas of active protocol development.
Real-Time PCR for mRNA Quantitation (2005)

Real-time PCR has become one of the most widely used methods of gene quantitation because it has a large dynamic range, boasts tremendous sensitivity, can be highly sequence-specific, has little to no post-amplification processing, and is amenable to increasing sample throughput. However, optimal benefit from these advantages requires a clear understanding of the many options available for running a real-time PCR experiment. Starting with the theory behind real-time PCR, this review discusses the key components of a real-time PCR experiment, including one-step or two-step PCR, absolute versus relative quantitation, mathematical models available for relative quantitation and amplification efficiency calculations, types of normalization or data correction, and detection chemistries. In addition, the many causes of variation as well as methods to calculate intra- and inter-assay variation are addressed.
Mitochondria in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis: a prospective novel target of cancer therapy (review). (1998)

Resistance to apoptosis is a frequent characteristic of cancer cells and participates both in the initial phase of carcinogenesis and in the development of chemotherapy resistance. Recently, it has become clear that a disruption in mitochondrial membrane function is a decisive event of the apoptotic process leading to the disposal of chemotherapy-treated cells. Opening of the mitochondrial megachannel (also called permeability transition pore) is at least in part responsible for the disruption of mitochondrial membrane integrity in apoptosis. The megachannel is regulated by numerous endogenous effectors including members of the Bcl-2/Bax family, the redox status of the cell, cytosolic Ca2+ levels, ceramide, and amphipathic peptides. Chemotherapeutic agents may induce opening of the megachannel by modulating some of these endogenous effectors. The disruption of mitochondrial membrane integrity involves a loss of metabolic functions and the liberation of intermembrane proteins into the cytosol. Such proteins, which normally are well secluded in mitochondria, include cytochrome c and AIF (apoptosis inducing factor), which both activate caspases and endonucleases upon release into the cytosol. Strategies for the development of chemotherapeutic agents acting on mitochondria are discussed.
Management of type 2 diabetes with multiple oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin in primary care: retrospective cohort study. (2007)

Many people with type 2 diabetes received inadequate monitoring and had poor glycaemic control. Intensive management is required to reduce the risk of microvascular complications.
Characterization of an Internal Ribosomal Entry Segment Within the 5′ Leader of Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Type A RNA and Development of Novel MLV-REV-Based Retroviral Vectors (1997)

The murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related type C viruses constitute a major class of retroviruses that includes numerous endogenous and exogenous mammalian viruses and the related avian spleen necrosis virus (SNV). The MLV-related viruses possess a long and multifunctional 5' untranslated leader involved in key steps of the viral life cycle--splicing, translation, RNA dimerization, encapsidation, and reverse transcription. Recent studies have shown that the 5' leader of Friend murine leukemia virus and Moloney murine leukemia virus can direct cap independent translation of gag precursor proteins (Berlioz et al., 1995; Vagner et al., 1995b). These data, together with structural homology studies (Koning et al., 1992), prompted us to undertake a search for new internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) of retroviral origin. Here we describe an IRES element within the 5' leader of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus type A (REV-A) genomic RNA. Data show that the REV-A 5' IRES element maps downstream of the packaging/dimerization (E/DLS) sequence (Watanabe and Temin, 1982; Darlix et al., 1992) and the minimal IRES sequence appears to be within a 129 nt fragment (nucleotides 452-580) of the 5' leader, immediately upstream of the gag AUG codon. The REV-A IRES has been successfully utilized in the construction of novel high titer MLV-based retroviral vectors, containing one or more IRES elements of retroviral origin. These retroviral constructs, which represent a starting point for the design of novel vectors suitable for gene therapy, are also of interest as a model system of internal translation initiation and its possible regulation during development, cancer, or virus infection.