gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo expression of the B7 costimulatory molecule by subsets of antigen-presenting cells and the malignant cells of Hodgkin's disease (1994)

The B-lymphocyte/accessory-cell activation antigen B7 (BB1) has been shown in vitro to stimulate T-lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production via CD28 present on the latter cells. In this study, benign lymphoid tissues, lymphomas, and extralymphoid inflammatory sites were examined immunohistochemically using anti-B7 and other relevant monoclonal antibodies. B7 was expressed by benign transformed germinal center B cells, as it was by B cells of follicular lymphomas. B7 was also expressed by a subpopulation (a mean of 31% to 65%) of macrophages and dendritic cells in a variety of lymphoid tissues. It was present in abundance on all macrophages constituting sarcoid granulomas in lymph nodes. In extralymphoid inflammation, 17% to 35% of macrophages expressed B7 only weakly. Cases of Hodgkin's disease showed expression of B7 by the majority of Reed-Sternberg cells or malignant mononuclear variants, a phenomenon that potentially contributes to the lymphocytic accumulation that is a feature of this condition. CD28+ T cells were seen in all areas where T cells were present. B7+ and CD28+ cells colocalized in, for example, lymphoid follicles, lymph node paracortex, sarcoid granulomas, and Hodgkin's disease tissue, indicating a potential for cellular interaction via these molecules at these sites.
Stability of polymer composites as positive‐temperature‐coefficient resistors (1974)

Abstract This is a study of materials which are positive‐temperature‐coefficient resistors. Such materials, composed of conductive particles dispersed in a crystalline polymeric matrix, have been found to be of limited stability. An example is carbon black in high‐density polyethylene. On repeated cycling through the anomaly temperature or on extensive heating at or above the anomaly temperature, the room temperature resistivity rises and the anomaly height falls to zero. This phenomenon has been shown to be caused by the absorption of oxygen by the polymer matrix which alters the structure, reduces the crystallinity, and induces an unusual form of crosslinking of a reversible nature.
Learning Visual Importance for Graphic Designs and Data Visualizations (2017)

Knowing where people look and click on visual designs can provide clues about how the designs are perceived, and where the most important or relevant content lies. The most important content of a visual design can be used for effective summarization or to facilitate retrieval from a database. We present automated models that predict the relative importance of different elements in data visualizations and graphic designs. Our models are neural networks trained on human clicks and importance annotations on hundreds of designs. We collected a new dataset of crowdsourced importance, and analyzed the predictions of our models with respect to ground truth importance and human eye movements. We demonstrate how such predictions of importance can be used for automatic design retargeting and thumbnailing. User studies with hundreds of MTurk participants validate that, with limited post-processing, our importance-driven applications are on par with, or outperform, current state-of-the-art methods, including natural image saliency. We also provide a demonstration of how our importance predictions can be built into interactive design tools to offer immediate feedback during the design process.
A Dendritic Thioester Hydrogel Based on Thiol–Thioester Exchange as a Dissolvable Sealant System for Wound Closure (2013)

Washable wound dressing: A dissolvable dendritic thioester hydrogel for wound closure has been developed. The hydrogel sealant adheres strongly to tissues, closes an ex vivo vein puncture, and withstands high pressures placed on a wound. This material can be washed off upon exposure to thiolates because a thiol–thioester exchange takes place, and gradual wound re-exposure may be achieved during surgical care.
A study of standard care in fibromyalgia syndrome: a favorable outcome. (2003)

The overall outcome in this group was favorable, with almost half the sample reporting clinically meaningful improvement in overall FM status. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications regarding current theory on the pathogenesis of FM.
Restriction Endonucleases in the Analysis and Restructuring of DNA Molecules (1975)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Collagen in tendon, ligament, and bone healing. A current review. (1995)

Cells that produce a particular type of collagen under normal physiologic circumstances can be induced by certain local triggers to change the amount and type of collagen synthesized. This has become most apparent during bone, tendon, and ligament healing, where cells that once produced the collagen of normal intact tissue are induced to synthesize different types of collagen at the repair site of injured tissue. For example, Type III collagen, not a major component of the extracellular matrix in normal tendons, is believed to be of great advantage during the healing process because of its ability to form rapid crosslinks and precariously stabilize the repair site. Although much is known about the gross histologic changes occurring during tissue healing, little is known about the specific role of the individual collagen types or what influences their development. This review addresses the role of collagen in normal and healing bone, tendon, and ligament. Much experimental effort is needed to uncover the distribution and function of the collagen types within connective tissue elements and the effect of growth factors on the phenotype of collagen produced in these tissue, with the ultimate goal of developing clinical manipulations that take advantage of the unique properties of each type of collagen.
Extending Serum Half-life of Albumin by Engineering Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn) Binding (2014)

A major challenge for the therapeutic use of many peptides and proteins is their short circulatory half-life. Albumin has an extended serum half-life of 3 weeks because of its size and FcRn-mediated recycling that prevents intracellular degradation, properties shared with IgG antibodies. Engineering the strictly pH-dependent IgG-FcRn interaction is known to extend IgG half-life. However, this principle has not been extensively explored for albumin. We have engineered human albumin by introducing single point mutations in the C-terminal end that generated a panel of variants with greatly improved affinities for FcRn. One variant (K573P) with 12-fold improved affinity showed extended serum half-life in normal mice, mice transgenic for human FcRn, and cynomolgus monkeys. Importantly, favorable binding to FcRn was maintained when a single-chain fragment variable antibody was genetically fused to either the N- or the C-terminal end. The engineered albumin variants may be attractive for improving the serum half-life of biopharmaceuticals.
Resolution and Reconstitution of Interplatelet Recognition During Aggregation (1988)

In previous studies it was shown that fixed platelets bearing covalently-bound fibrinogen participate passively in release-related aggregation, and that thrombospondin is the released compound which specifically and selectively recognizes the affixed fibrinogen. The present study demonstrates that the phenomenon of passive participation is also obtained with fixed platelets bearing covalently-bound thrombospondin. Moreover, a full resolution and reconstitution of interplatelet recognition during aggregation was obtained with two different systems: (a) fixed platelets bearing affixed fibrinogen were caused to aggregate when stirred and supplemented with soluble thrombospondin; (b) fixed platelets bearing fibrinogen and fixed platelets bearing thrombospondin, each uncapable of undergoing aggregation, aggregated when combined and stirred. It is concluded that fibrinogen and thrombospondin play a major role in the molecular mechanism of interplatelet recognition during aggregation.
Design of a compact optical see-through head-worn display with mutual occlusion capability (2005)

We present the first-order design details and preliminary lens design and performance analysis of a compact optical system that can achieve mutual occlusions. Mutual occlusion is the ability of real objects to occlude virtual objects and virtual objects to occlude real objects. Mutual occlusion is a desirable attribute for a certain class of augmented reality applications where realistic overlays based on the depth cue is important. Compactness is achieved through the use of polarization optics. First order layout of the system is similar to that of a Keplerian telescope operating at finite conjugates. Additionally, we require the image to lie on the plane of the object with unit magnification. We show that the same lens can be used as the objective and the eyepiece. The system is capable of having very close to zero distortion.
Magnetizable solid-phase fluoroimmunoassay of phenytoin in disposable test tubes. (1980)

We developed a fluoroimmunoassay for phenytoin in serum or plasma, based on the magnetic separation technique. The method involves sheep anti-phenytoin serum coupled to magnetizable cellulose/iron oxide particles, with a fluorescein-labeled phenytoin analog as tracer. After magnetic sedimentation of the solid phase from assay mixtures, the free fraction of the tracer is aspirated, removing endogenous fluorophores and other interfering components of the sample. The antibody-bound tracer is then eluted from the solid phase into a methanolic buffer medium and quantitated fluorometrically. The entire procedure, including fluorometry, is performed within disposable polystyrene test tubes. The assay involves only simple reagents and equipment, and correlates closely with established radioimmunoassay (r = 0.97) and gas-liquid chromatographic (r = 0.98) techniques.
Lipoprotein(a) and Coronary Heart Disease (2000)

These prospective studies demonstrate a clear association between Lp(a) and CHD, but further studies are needed to determine the extent to which this is causal.
A novel algorithm for computational identification of contaminated EST libraries (2003)

A key goal of the Human Genome Project was to understand the complete set of human proteins, the proteome. Since the genome sequence by itself is not sufficient for predicting new genes and alternative splicing events that lead to new proteins, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are used as the primary tool for these purposes. The high prevalence of artifacts in dbEST, however, often leads to invalid predictions. Here we describe a novel method for recognizing genomic DNA contamination and other artifacts that cannot be identified using current EST cleaning techniques. Our method uses the alignment of the entire set of ESTs to the human genome to identify highly contaminated EST libraries. We discovered 53 highly contaminated libraries and a subset of 24 766 ESTs from these libraries that probably represent contamination with genomic DNA, pre-mRNA, and ESTs that span non-canonical introns. Although this is only a small fraction of the entire EST dataset, each contaminating sequence could create a spurious transcript prediction. Indeed, in the clustering and assembly tool that we used, these sequences would have caused incorrect inference of 9575 new splice variants and 6370 new genes. Conclusions based on EST analysis, including prediction of alternative splicing, should be re-evaluated in light of these results. Our method, along with the identified set of contaminated sequences, will be essential for applications that depend on large EST datasets.
An analog VLSI low-power envelope periodicity detector (2005)

The low-power, low-cost detection of voices or engine rumble is a desirable function in many different applications. Typical approaches involving frequency-domain computation are quite computationally intensive and require a significant power budget. In an effort to construct a very low-power detector capable of acting as a wake-up signal for other systems, we have designed a low-power (less than 1.8-/spl mu/W) subthreshold analog very large-scale integration circuit that detects periodicity in the time-domain envelope of the acoustic signal. The circuit was fabricated in a commercially available 2-poly 1.5-/spl mu/m CMOS process and occupies an area of about 0.242 mm/sup 2/.
Using Imagery to Simplify Perceptual Abstraction in Reinforcement Learning Agents (2010)

In this paper, we consider the problem of reinforcement learning in spatial tasks. These tasks have many states that can be aggregated together to improve learning efficiency. In an agent, this aggregation can take the form of selecting appropriate perceptual processes to arrive at a qualitative abstraction of the underlying continuous state. However, for arbitrary problems, an agent is unlikely to have the perceptual processes necessary to discriminate all relevant states in terms of such an abstraction.To help compensate for this, reinforcement learning can be integrated with an imagery system, where simple models of physical processes are applied within a low-level perceptual representation to predict the state resulting from an action. Rather than abstracting the current state, abstraction can be applied to the predicted next state. Formally, it is shown that this integration broadens the class of perceptual abstraction methods that can be used while preserving the underlying problem. Empirically, it is shown that this approach can be used in complex domains, and can be beneficial even when formal requirements are not met.
Flecainide versus ibutilide for immediate cardioversion of atrial fibrillation of recent onset (2004)

There was no significant difference in the cardioversion efficacy or in the risk of adverse events between flecainide and ibutilide in patients with AF of recent onset. In patients without contraindications to both medications, the physician's choice has to be governed by other factors.
Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis as a strategy to circumvent acquired resistance to anti‐cancer therapeutic agents (1991)

Cancers have a formidable capacity to develop resistance to a large and diverse array of chemical, biologic, and physical anti-neoplastic agents. This can be largely traced to the instability of the tumor cell genome, and the resultant ability of tumor cell populations to generate phenotypic variants rapidly. It is therefore argued that anti-cancer strategies should be directed at eliminating those genetically stable normal diploid cells that are required for the progressive growth of tumors. Microvascular endothelial cells comprising the tumor vasculature represent such a normal cell target. Moreover, specificity for tumor associated vasculature by anti-cancer agents may be achieved by virtue of the fact that many of the endothelial cells that comprise these blood vessels are in an immature, cycling, and 'activated' state, in contrast to the endothelial cells associated with normal tissue and organ blood vessels.
Security Management in Intranet Systems (2014)

The introduction of the .NET platform by Microsoft and the growing popularity of Internet-based systems have caused major security concerns for system developers. Appropriate information security techniques must be used by system administrators to reduce the risk of information disasters. The purpose of this research paper is to examine possible information security problems and recommend possible ways to evaluate and reduce information system risks
Highly efficient collection of infectious pandemic influenza H1N1 virus (2009) through laminar-flow water based condensation (2016)

© 2016 American Association for Aerosol Research
The Basis of Electrochemotherapy (2003)

Antitumor electrochemotherapy is a treatment of solid tumors which combines a cytotoxic nonpermeant drug, like bleomycin, with locally delivered permeabilizing electric pulses (1-3). More generally, a new form of vectorization is achieved by the combination of nonpermeant molecules with intracellular targets and of a physical perturbation that locally permeabilizes the cells. This vectorization does not require chemical, biochemical or biological modifications of the targeted compound, since the modification is performed on the target cells. A very convenient way to transiently permeabilize the cells is the use of appropriate electric pulses (short and intense squarewave electric pulses) that are not cytotoxic by themselves (1). These electric pulses reversibly permeabilize the electropulsed cells. Consequently, they allow increased drug delivery inside cells, particularly in the case of drugs for which the plasma membrane is a barrier that limits their access inside the cell [termed nonpermeant drugs] (4). As illustrated in the various protocols reported in this volume, electrochemotherapy using bleomycin is efficient to eradicate subcutaneously transplanted and spontaneous small tumors in mice and rats as well as experimental internal tumors transplanted in rat brain or in rabbit or rat liver. All the clinical trials (3,5-10) confirm the efficacy of this new therapeutical approach based on an original way to deliver nonpermeant cytotoxic drugs.
Helios Induces Epigenetic Silencing of Il2 Gene Expression in Regulatory T Cells (2012)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune disease. Tregs express the transcription factor Foxp3, which acts as a master regulator of their differentiation and controls their capacity to suppress T cell responses. Tregs have an intrinsically anergic phenotype and do not produce IL-2 or proliferate upon stimulation ex vivo. Recent studies identified that Helios, a member of the Ikaros family of transcription factors, is expressed in Tregs. However, its specific function is not fully understood. In this study, we show that Helios regulates IL-2 production in Tregs by suppressing Il2 gene transcription. Loss of Helios in Tregs breaks their anergic phenotype and results in derepression of the Il2 locus, allowing Tregs to display increased baseline proliferation and to produce IL-2 following stimulation. Conversely, forced expression of Helios in CD4(+)Foxp3(-) T cells results in a loss of their normal ability to produce IL-2. Helios acts by binding to the Il2 promoter and inducing epigenetic modifications that include histone deacetylation. We also show that loss of Helios in Tregs results in decreased Foxp3 binding to the Il2 promoter, indicating that Helios promotes binding of Foxp3 to the Il2 promoter. Interestingly, the loss of Helios in Tregs also causes a decrease in suppressive capacity. Our results identify Helios as a key regulator of Il2 expression in Tregs, contributing to the maintenance of the anergic phenotype.
Hirudin – A Potential Stabilizing Factor for Platelet Preservation in Transfusion (1991)

The influence of additional hirudin in low doses on platelet and coagulation parameters was studied in platelet concentrates (PC) prepared by cytapheresis using citrate-dextrose solution formula A. The in vitro release of platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin was markedly lowered and morphological platelet alterations, as assessed by platelet size studies were considerably less accentuated in the presence of hirudin over a 5-day storage period; this suggests a possibly protecting effect on platelet function. No clear activation of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system was evident during PC storage with and without hirudin since thrombin-antithrombin III complexes and D-dimers did not markedly change.
Immunocytochemical Localization of trkA Receptors in Chemically Identified Subgroups of Adult Rat Sensory Neurons (1995)

Immunocytochemistry has been used to examine the location of trkA, the high-affinity receptor for nerve growth factor, in adult rat dorsal root ganglia, trigeminal ganglia and spinal cord. TrkA immunoreactivity was observed in small and medium sized ganglion cells and in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In lumbar L4 and L5 ganglia trkA-immunoreactive cells constitute 40% of dorsal root ganglion cells and range in size from 15 to 45 microns in diameter. Double labelling using markers for various dorsal root ganglion subpopulations revealed that virtually all (92%) trkA-immunoreactive cells express calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity. In contrast only 4 and 13% of trkA-immunoreactive cells are labelled by the monoclonal antibody LA4 or the lectin Griffonia simplicifolia IB4, markers for small non-peptide-containing cells. Eighteen percent of trkA-immunoreactive cells belong to the 'large light' subpopulation, identified by their strong immunostaining by the neurofilament antibody RT97. TrkA immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn is heaviest in laminae I and II outer, has a similar distribution to CGRP, and is depleted by dorsal rhizotomy. Our results show that trkA-expressing cells in dorsal root ganglia correspond almost exactly with the CGRP, peptide-producing population. The receptor is present not only on cell bodies but also on central terminals. Non-peptide-containing small cells, which constitute 30% of dorsal root ganglion cells, are not trkA-immunoreactive and therefore most probably are functionally independent of nerve growth factor.
Studies on tumor promoters: the first synthesis of the phorbol skeleton (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on tumor promoters: the first synthesis of the phorbol skeletonPaul A. Wender, Richard M. Keenan, and Hee Yoon LeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 14, 4390–4392Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00248a042Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1014Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (390 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of a competitive inhibitor in a kinetic enzymatic method for measuring ethanol in serum. (1987)

We describe a kinetic enzymatic method for ethanol in serum, based on the use of pyrazole, a competitive inhibitor for alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1). The method is rapid and is easily automated for the Cobas Bio centrifugal analyzer. No specimen pretreatment is necessary and the total reaction time is 120 s. The standard curve is linear up to 140 mmol/L. The within-run CV was between 1.9% and 3.5%; the between-run CV ranged from 2.6% to 4.1%. Mean analytical recovery of ethanol added to serum was 100.2%. We compared results of the kinetic enzymatic method with those from a gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method and another commercial alcohol dehydrogenase method (TDx REA Ethanol; Abbott Diagnostics). Linear regression analysis gave the following equations: kinetic = 0.991GLC - 0.354 mmol/L (r = 0.992, n = 110) and kinetic = 0.998TDx - 1.741 mmol/L (r = 0.993, n = 70). No interference from methanol or isopropanol was seen.