gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Fully Homomorphic Encryption from (Standard) $\mathsf{LWE}$ (2014)

A fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme allows anyone to transform an encryption of a message, $m$, into an encryption of any (efficient) function of that message, $f(m)$, without knowing the secret key. We present a leveled FHE scheme that is based solely on the (standard) learning with errors ($\mathsf{LWE}$) assumption. (Leveled FHE schemes are initialized with a bound on the maximal evaluation depth. However, this restriction can be removed by assuming “weak circular security.'') Applying known results on $\mathsf{LWE}$, the security of our scheme is based on the worst-case hardness of “short vector problems” on arbitrary lattices. Our construction improves on previous works in two aspects: 1. We show that “somewhat homomorphic” encryption can be based on $\mathsf{LWE}$, using a new relinearization technique. In contrast, all previous schemes relied on complexity assumptions related to ideals in various rings. 2. We deviate from the “squashing paradigm” used in all previous works. We introduce a new dimension-modulus reduction technique, which shortens the ciphertexts and reduces the decryption complexity of our scheme, without introducing additional assumptions. Our scheme has very short ciphertexts, and we therefore use it to construct an asymptotically efficient $\mathsf{LWE}$-based single-server private information retrieval (PIR) protocol. The communication complexity of our protocol (in the public-key model) is $k\cdot\mathrm{polylog}(k)+\log|\mathtt{DB}|$ bits per single-bit query, in order to achieve security against $2^k$-time adversaries (based on the best known attacks against our underlying assumptions).
Computer-integrated revision total hip replacement surgery: concept and preliminary results (1999)

This paper describes an ongoing project to develop a computer-integrated system to assist surgeons in revision total hip replacement (RTHR) surgery. In RTHR surgery, a failing orthopedic hip implant, typically cemented, is replaced with a new one by removing the old implant, removing the cement and fitting a new implant into an enlarged canal broached in the femur. RTHR surgery is a difficult procedure fraught with technical challenges and a high incidence of complications. The goals of the computer-based system are the significant reduction of cement removal labor and time, the elimination of cortical wall penetration and femur fracture, the improved positioning and fit of the new implant resulting from precise, high-quality canal milling and the reduction of bone sacrificed to fit the new implant. Our starting points are the ROBODOC system for primary hip replacement surgery and the manual RTHR surgical protocol. We first discuss the main difficulties of computer-integrated RTHR surgery and identify key issues and possible solutions. We then describe possible system architectures and protocols for preoperative planning and intraoperative execution. We present a summary of methods and preliminary results in CT image metal artifact removal, interactive cement cut-volume definition and cement machining, anatomy-based registration using fluoroscopic X-ray images and clinical trials using an extended RTHR version of ROBODOC. We conclude with a summary of lessons learned and a discussion of current and future work.
Reconstructing Dynamic Promoter Activity Profiles from Reporter Gene Data (2018)

Accurate characterization of promoter activity is important when designing expression systems for systems biology and metabolic engineering applications. Promoters that respond to changes in the environment enable the dynamic control of gene expression without the necessity of inducer compounds, for example. However, the dynamic nature of these processes poses challenges for estimating promoter activity. Most experimental approaches utilize reporter gene expression to estimate promoter activity. Typically the reporter gene encodes a fluorescent protein that is used to infer a constant promoter activity despite the fact that the observed output may be dynamic and is a number of steps away from the transcription process. In fact, some promoters that are often thought of as constitutive can show changes in activity when growth conditions change. For these reasons, we have developed a system of ordinary differential equations for estimating dynamic promoter activity for promoters that change their activity in response to the environment that is robust to noise and changes in growth rate. Our approach, inference of dynamic promoter activity (PromAct), improves on existing methods by more accurately inferring known promoter activity profiles. This method is also capable of estimating the correct scale of promoter activity and can be applied to quantitative data sets to estimate quantitative rates.
Feedback upregulation of HER3 (ErbB3) expression and activity attenuates antitumor effect of PI3K inhibitors (2011)

We examined the effects of an inhibitor of PI3K, XL147, against human breast cancer cell lines with constitutive PI3K activation. Treatment with XL147 resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth and levels of pAKT and pS6, signal transducers in the PI3K/AKT/TOR pathway. In HER2-overexpressing cells, inhibition of PI3K was followed by up-regulation of expression and phosphorylation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, including HER3. Knockdown of FoxO1 and FoxO3a transcription factors suppressed the induction of HER3, InsR, IGF1R, and FGFR2 mRNAs upon inhibition of PI3K. In HER2(+) cells, knockdown of HER3 with siRNA or cotreatment with the HER2 inhibitors trastuzumab or lapatinib enhanced XL147-induced cell death and inhibition of pAKT and pS6. Trastuzumab and lapatinib each synergized with XL147 for inhibition of pAKT and growth of established BT474 xenografts. These data suggest that PI3K antagonists will inhibit AKT and relieve suppression of receptor tyrosine kinase expression and their activity. Relief of this feedback limits the sustained inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway and attenuates the response to these agents. As a result, PI3K pathway inhibitors may have limited clinical activity overall if used as single agents. In patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer, PI3K inhibitors should be used in combination with HER2/HER3 antagonists.
Synthesis and characterization of triptycene-based polyimides with tunable high fractional free volume for gas separation membranes (2014)

Triptycene-containing polyimide membranes with tunable fractional free volume promoting fast gas transport and selective separations.
Identification of a Cytoplasmic Region of CD20 Required for Its Redistribution to a Detergent-Insoluble Membrane Compartment (1998)

CD20 is a B lymphocyte integral membrane protein with signal-transducing properties. Abs directed toward extracellular CD20 epitopes activate nonreceptor tyrosine kinases and modulate cell cycle progression of B lymphocytes. Recently, we demonstrated that binding of CD20 Abs to B cells induces the rapid redistribution of up to 95% of CD20 molecules to low density, detergent-insoluble membrane microdomains and induces the appearance of an approximately 50-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in the same compartment. Active relocalization of CD20 may thus be critical to the initiation of signaling events by CD20. The CD20 cDNA sequence predicts a nonglycosylated protein with four transmembrane-spanning regions and intracellular amino and carboxyl termini. Here we provide verification of the location of both the intracellular and extracellular regions of the CD20 molecule and identify a membrane-proximal sequence in the cytoplasmic carboxyl tail that is required for CD20 to redistribute to detergent-insoluble membrane microdomains.
[CMDBS, functional analogs of sulfate heparanes, used as osseous cicatrizing agents]. (1994)

Several Heparin-Binding Growth Factors (HBGFs) are known to play an important role in bone repair. When osseous tissue is injured, an important increase of protease activities and a massive release of HBGFs occur. The local increase in HBGFs content at the wounded site, produced by a release of this factors from cells implicated in haemostasis and inflammatory reaction and from extracellular matrix associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), seems to be a crucial step in bone healing. The proteolysis associated with the tissue injury probably limits the growth factors activities at the wound site. In order to define the bone healing potential of molecules that would be able to protect HBGFs against proteolytic activation, we studied the effect of derived dextrans, named carboxymethyl-benzylamide-sulfonated dextrans (CMDBS), behaving as heparan like molecules, in 5 mm in diameter skull trepaned defects in young adult rats. In this model CMDBS induced an important bone regeneration in a dose dependent manner while controls were not repaired. In CMDBS treated animals the defects were repaired and contained a tissue of normal appearance; in several treated animals the sagittal suture, initially removed by the trephination, was restored. This remarkable bone healing potential of CMDBS may result from the capacity to protect the endogenous HBGFs from proteolysis and to modulate their biological activities, in a similar manner to that observed for fibroblast growth factors and HSPGs. CMDBS represent a new form of bone healing agents, which have the advantage of being produced by a controlled chemical synthesis, and of avoiding the use of exogenous growth factors because of their capacity to enhance the bone healing potential of the endogenous growth factors.
Interleukin-6 induction by a muramyltripeptide derivative in cancer patients. (1990)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured in sera from 26 patients with advanced malignancies before and after an I.V. infusion of muramyltripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine (MPT-PE) in liposomes. Significantly elevated IL-6 could be measured 2 and 4 h after medium (0.25-0.5 mg/m2) and high (1.0-6.0 mg/m2) doses of the drug accompanied by a rise in body temperature. The biological activity of IL-6 in sera could be inhibited in vitro by monoclonal antibodies against IL-6. Other biological effects of MTP-PE in vivo such as leukocytosis and elevated acute phase reactants are discussed in view of increased IL-6 levels. It is concluded that MTP-PE in liposomes generates increased amounts of IL-6 measurable in serum several hours after administration. IL-6 could therefore play an important role in the biological response modification induced by the drug.
The expression of BAFF‐binding receptors is not altered in multiple sclerosis or myasthenia gravis (2007)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by consistent myelin injury. Antibody-mediated death of oligodendrocytes is a pathological feature in a subset of MS patients and may be of relevance to disease pathogenesis. In myasthenia gravis (MG), acetylcholine receptors (AChR) situated at the neuromuscular endplate are destroyed by autoreactive antibodies. B-cell activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (BAFF) is essential for B-cell survival. Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the expression of three BAFF-binding receptors, namely, BAFF-receptor (BAFF-R), B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), and transmembrane activator and calcium modulating and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) in peripheral-blood lymphocytes. Nearly all CD19(+) B cells and CD19(+)CD27(+) memory B cells expressed BAFF-R. The intensity of BAFF-R expression was not statistically different in MS or MG compared with healthy controls. Very few T cells expressed BAFF-R. BCMA expression was strictly limited to B cells. Although both B and T cells expressed TACI, levels were much higher on B cells compared with levels on T cells. The percentages of B and T cells expressing BCMA and TACI did not differ significantly in MS or MG versus controls. We conclude that the expression of BAFF-binding receptors is not appreciably altered in MS or MG.
A Biography of Reed (1987)

When Sir Carol Reed died in April 1976 his artistic and commercial reputation had long since preceded him, buried by increasingly disenchanted critics and an indifferent public. Still, as one of the preeminent ironists of English-speaking films, he might well have found a bleak amusement in his own obituaries, most of them relegated to the obituary page itself and tossed off in obvious haste and carelessness. In short, reports of his death were greatly understated, and although understatement was one of the outstanding features of his work, there is no indication that the parallel was intentional.KeywordsAcademy AwardTraditional Public SchoolAwful FilmPractical JokePopular SuccessThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Crystal structure of bis [diaquaisomcotinatosamarium(III)]-μ-isomcotinato-[düsomcotinatocopper(II)], CuSm2(C6H4NO2)8(H2O)4 (2009)

Article Crystal structure of bis [diaquaisomcotinatosamarium(III)]-μ-isomcotinato-[düsomcotinatocopper(II)], CuSm2(C6H4NO2)8(H2O)4 was published on April 1, 2009 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 224, issue 1-4).
The Catalytic Versatility of Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase. III. Kinetic Studies of the Enzyme-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Acetate* (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Catalytic Versatility of Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase. III. Kinetic Studies of the Enzyme-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Acetate*Y. Pocker and J. T. StoneCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 3, 668–678Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00855a005https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00855a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3043Altmetric-Citations360LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Pharmacokinetics of zinc acexamate (ZAC) in rats]. (1995)

Zinc acexamate (ZAC) is a new antiulcer drug. This paper reports the pharmacokinetics of ZAC in rats after single oral administration. The concentrations in biological samples were detected by spectrophotometry. This study shows that the concentration-time curve of ZAC in blood conformed to a single-compartment open model after 250, 500 and 750 ng.kg-1 ig. ZAC absorption was fast and the peak plasma level appeared in 1.5 h. The Cmax, AUC and CL/F were shown to be dose dependent. Two hours after oral administration of ZAC to normal rats, the highest level of ZAC was present in the gastrointestinal tract, while appreciable ZAC was present in the kidney, liver, plasma and lung. The level of ZAC in heart, spleen and brain was lower, no drug was detected in muscles and uterus. Six hours after oral administration, the drug concentration in various tissues decreased rapidly, but that of the gastrointestinal decreased very slowly. Feces excretion was an important route of excretion. ZAC excretion was about 11.7% of the administered dosage in feces within 48 h period, and the excreted amount from urine and bile was very small.
Obligate Progression Precedes Lung Adenocarcinoma Dissemination (2014)

Because of its aggressively metastatic nature, lung cancer is the top cancer killer of both men and women in the United States. We show that, unlike in other cancer types, lung cancer dissemination is a major initial barrier to metastasis. Our findings provide insight into the effect of p53 deficiency and downregulation of Nkx2-1 during lung adenocarcinoma progression.
Early Amidation Approach to 3-[(4-Amido)pyrrol-2-yl]-2-indolinones (2003)

A new synthesis of 3-[(4-amido)pyrrol-2-yl]-2-indolinones has been developed, where the amide side chain was installed prior to pyrrole formation. This strategy precludes the need to use any coupling reagents to install the amide side chain. This process includes a zinc-free alternative to the Knorr pyrrole synthesis.
Efficient and selective adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into vascular neointima. (1993)

Recombinant adenovirus selectively targets neointimal cells with high-efficiency gene transfer. This suggests that adenovirus vectors should be useful in targeting cells for the delivery of genes whose products may be relevant to the treatment of restenosis.
Characterization of the electric field of ultrashort optical pulses (1996)

Some general conditions concerning the properties of apparatuses that can measure completely the amplitude and the phase of a pulse’s electric field by using a slow detector are formulated. In particular, it is shown that a necessary and sufficient condition for the characterization of an ultrashort pulse shape is that the apparatus consist of at least one time nonstationary and one time stationary element. We show that there are only four possible noninterferometric schemes that meet this criterion. We discuss separately these four minimal methods and the associated algorithms for reconstructing the pulse shape from the measured data.
Photoluminescence of ZnSexTe1−x∕ZnTe multiple-quantum-well structures grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (2004)

This work investigates photoluminescence (PL) spectra from ZnSexTe1−x∕ZnTe multiple-quantum-well structures grown on GaAs(001) substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. The PL data reveal that the band alignment of the ZnSexTe1−x∕ZnTe system is type II. The thermal activation energy for quenching the PL intensity was determined from the temperature-dependent PL spectra. The activation energy was found to increase initially and then decrease as the thickness of the ZnSexTe1−x layers decreases from 7to3nm. The temperature-dependent broadening of the PL linewidth was also investigated. The LO-phonon scattering was found to be the dominant broadening mechanism.
“Allergen Engineering”: Variants of the Timothy Grass Pollen Allergen Phl p 5b with Reduced IgE-Binding Capacity but Conserved T Cell Reactivity (1999)

One problem of conventional allergen-specific immunotherapy is the risk of anaphylactic reactions. A new approach to make immunotherapy safer and more efficient might be the application of engineered allergens with reduced IgE-binding capacity but retained T cell reactivity. Using overlapping dodeca-peptides, the dominant T cell epitopes of the timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p 5b were identified. By site-directed mutagenesis outside these regions, point and deletion mutants were generated. Allergen variants were analyzed for IgE-binding capacity with sera of different grass pollen allergic patients by Western blotting, Dot blotting, and EAST inhibition test, and for histamine releasing capacity with peripheral blood basophils from different patients. The deletion mutants revealed significantly reduced IgE reactivity and histamine releasing capacity, compared with the wild-type Phl p 5b. Furthermore, in vivo skin prick tests showed that the deletion mutants had a significantly lower potency to induce cutaneous reactions than the wild-type Phl p 5b. On the other hand, T cell clones and T cell lines from different allergic patients showed comparable proliferation after stimulation with allergen variants and wild-type Phl p 5b. Considering their reduced anaphylactogenic potential together with their conserved T cell reactivity, the engineered allergens could be important tools for efficient and safe allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx): more than an antioxidant enzyme? (1997)

The family of glutathione peroxidases encompasses, as far, three tetrameric glutathione peroxidases (GPx) and the monomeric PHGPx. Although the overall homology between tetrameric enzymes and PHGPx is less than 30%, a pronounced similarity has been detected on clusters involved in the active site and a common catalytic triad (selenocysteine glutamine and tryptophan) has been defined by structural and kinetic data. A major peculiar feature of the reaction catalyzed by PHGPx is the possibility to accommodate large lipophilic substrates. This accounts for the observed dramatic antiperoxidant effect and the synergism with vitamin E. Moreover, the reduction of lipid hydroperoxides accounts also for the observed modulation of cycloxygenase and inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase. On the other hand, structural and kinetic data indicate that also the specificity of PHGPx for the donor substrate is not restricted to GSH and the recent observation the PHGPx binds to specific mitochondrial proteins, from which it is released by ionic strength and thiols, suggests a possible fole of this selenoenzyme in catalyzing the specific oxidation of protein thiols, thus modulating the activity of cellular regulatory elements. On this light, the selenium mojety of PHGPx, reacting much faster that thiols with a peroxide, and then oxidizing specific protein thiols, would channel the oxidation toward protein targets, thus providing, by protein-protein interaction, the specificity of the redox transition.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Extremity Trauma (2004)

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy potentially can provide enhanced oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues affected by vascular disruption, cytogenic and vasogenic edema, and cellular hypoxia caused by extremity trauma. After appropriate resuscitation, macrovascular repair, and fracture fixation/stabilization, adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy can enhance tissue oxygen content. In patients with crush injury or early compartment syndrome, hyperbaric oxygen therapy may reduce the penumbra of cells at risk for delayed necrosis and secondary ischemia. Animal experiments and human case series suggest the benefits of such therapy, and recent randomized, prospective studies on trauma patients have confirmed its efficacy in those with extremity trauma. However, more data are necessary to determine additional indications as well as optimal timing and dosing for hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Utilization of an Aromatic [4.4.4]Propellane as Thermally Stable Hole-Transport Materials in OLEDs (2006)

Abstract In order to develop the thermally stable hole-transport materials (HTMs) in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), hexabenzo-annulated [4.4.4]propellane that has three-biphenyl substructures around the C–C hub has been exploited as the core substance. Introduction of bis-, tetrakis-, or hexakis(diphenylamino) substituents at the 4 and 4′-positions of each biphenyl moiety leads to monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric derivatives of N,N,N′,N′-tetraphenylbenzidine; N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (TPD) has excellent electroluminescent (EL) characteristics but low thermal stability. The key step in the preparation of these derivatives (2S-, 4S-, and 6S-P) was the coupling of appropriate fluorenes with requisite ortho-bromo biphenyl compounds. All of these had not only excellent EL characteristics, but also glass transition temperatures (Tg) of over 120 °C which was higher than that of TPD (62 °C) representative of the HTM. This result is consistent with that the parent hydrocarbon is unusually stable even at 300 °C. Structural effects of the present monomeric to trimeric TPD analogues on the thermal stability and EL characteristics are discussed.