gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capturing clinical reports in a large academic medical center: feeding a central patient data repository. (1997)

Clinical reports, notes, and other narratives are highly used components in the patient record. Unfortunately, the methods by which these reports are generated are as diverse as the fiscal autonomy of academic clinical departments in a university-based health science center. In this paper, we report on electronically capturing clinical reports, notes, and other text fragments from several hospital sources and many outpatient clinics. The purpose of the capture is to feed the ACIS (Advanced Clinical Information System) central patient data repository that is in use at the University of Utah Health Sciences Center (UUHSC). A survey conducted in early 1994 indicated that about 917,150 reports were generated per year at UUHSC representing about 1.2 million pieces of paper, occupying about 2.3 gigabytes of storage. The most crucial problem encountered in capturing the reports was linking them to the proper patient. Systems that had functioning and well-maintained admit-discharge-transfer (ADT) information performed well, but systems that relied on the human dictator to identify patients, produced patient linkage errors. In our open loop telephone dictation systems this error rate averaged between 6 and 10%. Subsequent to the wide-spread availability of clinical reports on ACIS, this error rate dropped to 3-5%, presumably due to increased demand for on-line availability of this information. From clinical secretaries who use their word processor to create the clinical reports, the linkage error rate was < 1% due to the use of our Advanced Text Upload (ATU) utility. The clinical text component in ACIS contributed significantly to the success of a JCAHO site visit in December 1995.
Pasga in die Ou en Nuwe Testament : fokus (2015)

Die nagmaal het sy oorsprong in die Ou-Testamentiese pasga. Die pasga is deur God ingestel as 'n maaltyd waardeur die volk Israel herinner is aan die wonderbaarlike verlossing uit die slawerny in Egipte. Jesus het aan die pasga 'n Nuwe-Testamentiese karakter gegee, wat ons aan die wonderbaarlike verlossing van Christene uit die mag van Satan en sonde herinner.
Photoluminescence from an individual single-walled carbon nanotube (2004)

Photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra are obtained from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Individual SWNT spectra are compared with spectra from ensembles. The PL spectrum of an individual SWNT in air at room temperature has a single asymmetric peak of width typically 10 to 15 meV, with no detected background. Both absorption and emission are strongly polarized along the tube axis. Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy on single SWNTs clearly confirms the unique, one-to-one association of optical absorption resonances with individual emission peaks. Resonances in the PLE spectra are typically $\ensuremath{\approx}30\mathrm{meV}$ wide, with the PL intensity enhanced tenfold over nonresonant excitation. Whether for emission or absorption, the peak shape and peak width are almost the same for a single nanotube as they are for the corresponding species in a large ensemble. That is, there is no significant inhomogeneous broadening. While ensemble measurements are complicated by the superposition of many PL peaks from many different species, single nanotube spectra clearly isolate a single peak and are thus simpler to interpret.
Weakly Supervised Part-of-speech Tagging Using Eye-tracking Data (2016)

For many of the world’s languages, there are no or very few linguistically annotated resources. On the other hand, raw text, and often also dictionaries, can be harvested from the web for many of these languages, and part-of-speech taggers can be trained with these resources. At the same time, previous research shows that eye-tracking data, which can be obtained without explicit annotation, contains clues to part of speech information. In this work, we bring these two ideas together and show that given raw text, a dictionary, and eye tracking data obtained from naive participants reading text, we can train a weakly supervised PoS tagger using a second order HMM with maximum entropy emissions. The best model use type-level aggregates of eye-tracking data and significantly outperforms a baseline that does not have access to eye-tracking data.
Energy reduction from using selective precharge in two different logic arrays (2002)

Selective precharge is a low-power circuit technique that can significantly reduce the average energy use in large fan-in logic arrays. In this paper, we investigate application of this technique to two specific real examples; a content addressable memory (CAM) used in a routing table and a programmable logic array (PLA) used for table-lookup function evaluation. We show that significant energy savings is possible, and we discuss the impact of various array characteristics.
Activity of the Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibitor Ispinesib (SB-715992) in Models of Breast Cancer (2010)

These findings support further clinical exploration of kinesin spindle protein inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer.
Wrist-located pulse detection using IR signals, activity and nonlinear artifact cancellation (2005)

We present a new integrated device for monitoring heart rate at the wrist using an optical measure. Motion robustness is obtained by using accurate motion reference signals of 3D low noise accelerometers together with dual channel optical sensing. Nonlinear modelling allows to remove the motion contributions in the optical signals and the spatial diversity of the sensors is used to remove reciprocal contributions in the two channels. Finally a statistical estimation, based on physiological properties of the heart, gives a robust estimation of the heart rate. Qualitative and quantitative performance evaluation of the performances on real signals clearly show that the proposed system gives an accurate estimation of the heart rate, even under intense physical activity.
The N-Terminal V3 Loop Glycan Modulates the Interaction of Clade A and B Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelopes with CD4 and Chemokine Receptors (2000)

We investigated the underlying mechanism by which the highly conserved N-terminal V3 loop glycan of gp120 conferred resistance to neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We find that the presence or absence of this V3 glycan on clade A and B viruses accorded various degrees of susceptibility to neutralization by antibodies to the CD4 binding site, CD4-induced epitopes, and chemokine receptors. Our data suggest that this carbohydrate moiety on gp120 blocks access to the binding site for CD4 and modulates the chemokine receptor binding site of phenotypically diverse clade A and clade B isolates. Its presence also contributes to the masking of CD4-induced epitopes on clade B envelopes. These findings reveal a common mechanism by which diverse HIV-1 isolates escape immune recognition. Furthermore, the observation that conserved functional epitopes of HIV-1 are more exposed on V3 glycan-deficient envelope glycoproteins provides a basis for exploring the use of these envelopes as vaccine components.
Dormant and Self‐Renewing Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Niches (2007)

In the mouse, over the last 20 years, a set of cell-surface markers and activities have been identified, enabling the isolation of bone marrow (BM) populations highly enriched in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These HSCs have the ability to generate multiple lineages and are capable of long-term self-renewal activity such that they are able to reconstitute and maintain a functional hematopoietic system after transplantation into lethally irradiated recipients. Using single-cell reconstitution assays, various marker combinations can be used to achieve a functional HSC purity of almost 50%. Here we have used the differential expression of six of these markers (Sca1, c-Kit, CD135, CD48, CD150, and CD34) on lineage-depleted BM to refine cell hierarchies within the HSC population. At the top of the hierarchy, we propose a dormant HSC population (Lin(-)Sca1(+)c-Kit(+) CD48(-)CD150(+)CD34(-)) that gives rise to an active self-renewing CD34(+) HSC population. HSC dormancy, as well as the balance between self-renewal and differentiation activity, is at least, in part, controlled by the stem cell niches individual HSCs are attached to. Here we review the current knowledge about HSC niches and propose that dormant HSCs are located in niches at the endosteum, whereas activated HSCs are in close contact to sinusoids of the BM microvasculature.
Preparation and characterization of ZnO thin films deposited by sol-gel spin coating method (2008)

ZnO thin films have been deposited onto the glass substrates by the sol-gel spin coating method at different chuck rotation rates. This method was used for the preparation of thin films of the important semiconductors II-VI. The effect of deposition parameters on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the ZnO thin films was investigated. Zinc acetate dehydrate, 2-methoxethanol and monoethanolamine (MEA) were used as a starting material, solvent and stabilizer, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the dried gel showed that weight loss continued until 300 o C. The crystal structure and orientation of the ZnO thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The grain size of the films was calculated using the Scherrer formula. The optical absorbance and transmittance measurements were recorded by using a double beam spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere in the wavelength range 190-900 nm. The optical absorption studies reveal that the transition is direct band gap energy. The optical band gaps and Urbach energies of the thin films were determined. The I-V plots of the ZnO thin films were carried out in dark and under UV-illumination. The obtained ZnO thin films can be used as a photovoltaic material.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces adhesion molecule expression on human fetal astrocytes. (1992)

Leukocyte adhesion molecules on endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier may participate in the entry of leukocytes into the central nervous system. Because astrocytes are also a component of the blood-brain barrier and have been associated with inflammation, we studied the ability of astrocytes to express leukocyte adhesion molecules using Northern blot and immunocytochemical techniques. Astrocytes treated with the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) expressed messenger RNA for the adhesion molecules E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1, as well as their corresponding proteins. In addition, TNF-treated astrocytes expressed a monocyte adhesion protein identified by our laboratory, recognized by the monoclonal antibody IG9. These results indicate that under inflammatory conditions in the central nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome, astrocyte expression of adhesion molecules may facilitate the migration of leukocytes and contribute to the disease process.
Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers (1994)

An ad-hoc network is the cooperative engagement of a collection of Mobile Hosts without the required intervention of any centralized Access Point. In this paper we present an innovative design for the operation of such ad-hoc networks. The basic idea of the design is to operate each Mobile Host as a specialized router, which periodically advertises its view of the interconnection topology with other Mobile Hosts within the network. This amounts to a new sort of routing protocol. We have investigated modifications to the basic Bellman-Ford routing mechanisms, as specified by RIP [5], to make it suitable for a dynamic and self-starting network mechanism as is required by users wishing to utilize ad hoc networks. Our modifications address some of the previous objections to the use of Bellman-Ford, related to the poor looping properties of such algorithms in the face of broken links and the resulting time dependent nature of the interconnection topology describing the links between the Mobile Hosts. Finally, we describe the ways in which the basic network-layer routing can be modified to provide MAC-layer support for ad-hoc networks.
Petrosal Sinus Sampling with and without Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone for the Differential Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome (1991)

Simultaneous bilateral sampling of plasma from the inferior petrosal sinuses, with the adjunctive use of CRH, distinguishes patients with Cushing's disease from those with ectopic adrenocorticotropin secretion with high diagnostic accuracy.
A method for designing secure solutions (2001)

The task of developing information technology (IT) solutions that consistently and effectively apply security principles has many challenges, including: the complexity of integrating the specified security functions within the several underlying component architectures found in computing systems, the difficulty in developing a comprehensive set of baseline requirements for security, and a lack of widely accepted security design methods. With the formalization of security evaluation criteria into an international standard known as Common Criteria, one of the barriers to a common approach for developing extensible IT security architectures has been lowered; however, more work remains. This paper describes a systematic approach for defining, modeling, and documenting security functions within a structured design process in order to facilitate greater trust in the operation of resulting IT solutions.
Renal-Cell Carcinoma (2005)

In the United States, renal cancer is the 7th leading malignant condition in men and the 12th in women, accounting for 2.6 percent of all cancers. This article discusses the evolving presentation, understanding, and treatment of this disease.
Supercritical gas–polymer interactions with applications in the petroleum industry. Determination of thermophysical properties (2006)

Abstract The knowledge of chemical equilibria in {gas–polymer} systems plays an essential role as regards the safety of transport of petroleum products in polymer‐made pipes. Thermophysical properties of thermoplastic semicrystalline polymers are key data for the development of several engineering applications. These applications require the investigation of the behavior of a polymer, in the solid state i.e., between glass‐transition temperature T g and melting‐transition temperature T m , submitted to the triple thermal, barometric, and chemical constraint. The chemical stress results from supercritical fluid sorption. The relatively high temperature and pressure, industrial operating conditions, require for laboratory investigations the use of sophisticated experimental instrumentation in which such extreme conditions can be reproduced. In this context, coupling gas solubility and swelling techniques (VW‐ PVT ) on the one hand, calorimetry and PVT techniques ( P CSC) on the other hand, over extended temperature and pressure ranges, provide a wide spectrum of thermophysical and thermomechanical properties like solubility and isobaric thermal expansion, in absence or in presence of solubilized gases. Selected examples taken in the petroleum industry, dealing with different polymers [medium density polyethylene, poly(vinylidene fluoride)] in presence of gases (carbon dioxide CO 2 , nitrogen N 2 ), serve to illustrate the importance of gas solubility (VW‐ PVT ) (Boyer and Grolier, Polymer 2005, 46, 3737) data and of heats of interaction ( P CSC) measurements (Randzio et al., Fr. Pat. 9109227, Pol. Pat. 295285; Randzio, Chem Soc Rev 1996, 25, 383; Boyer et al., J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 2006, 44, 185) in the broad field of applied polymer thermodynamics. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1706–1722, 2007
Attributed Grammar-A Tool for Combining Syntactic and Statistical Approaches to Pattern Recognition (1980)

Attributed grammars are defned from the pattern recognidon point of view and shown to be useful for descriptions of syntactic stuctures as well as semantic attributes in primitives, subpatterns, and patterns. A pattern analysis system using attributed grammars Is proposed for pattern classification and description. This system extracts primitives and their attributes after preprocessing, performs syntax analysis of the resulting pattern representations, computes and extracts subpattern attributes for syntactically accepted patterns, and finally makes decisions according to the Bayes decision rule. Such a system uses a combination of syntactic and statistical pattern recognition techniques, as is demonstrated by illustrative examples and experimental results.
Serum-Induced Phosphorylation of the Serum Response Factor Coactivator MKL1 by the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Pathway Inhibits Its Nuclear Localization (2008)

Megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) is a myocardin-related coactivator of the serum response factor (SRF) transcription factor, which has an integral role in differentiation, migration, and proliferation. Serum induces RhoA-dependent translocation of MKL1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and also causes a rapid increase in MKL1 phosphorylation. We have mapped a serum-inducible phosphorylation site and found, surprisingly, that its mutation causes constitutive localization to the nucleus, suggesting that phosphorylation of MKL1 inhibits its serum-induced nuclear localization. The key site, serine 454, resembles a mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation site, and its modification was blocked by the MEK1 inhibitor U0126, implying that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is the serum-inducible kinase that phosphorylates MKL1. Previous results indicated that G-actin binding to MKL1 promotes its nuclear export, and we found that MKL1 phosphorylation is required for its binding to actin, explaining its effect on localization. We propose a model in which serum induction initially stimulates MKL1 nuclear localization due to a decrease in G-actin levels, but MKL1 is then downregulated by nuclear export due to ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
A 2.4-GHz single-pole double-throw T/R switch with 0.8-dB insertion loss implemented in a CMOS process (2001)

A single-pole, double-throw transmit/receive switch for 3.0-V applications has been fabricated using 3.3-V, 0.35-µm MOS transistors in a 0.18-µm CMOS process utilizing p-substrates. The switch exhibits 0.8-dB insertion loss and 17-dBm P 1dB . The low insertion loss is achieved by optimizing the transistor widths and bias voltages, and by minimizing the source/drain-to-body capacitances and substrate resistances, while the high P 1dB is achieved by dc biasing the input and output nodes.
1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Enhances Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses to Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine in Mice (2006)

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (DHVD3) coadministered with monovalent inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) of all 3 serotypes significantly enhances antipoliovirus systemic and mucosal immunity in mice. Although serum immunoglobulin G antibodies are significantly higher in serotypes 2 and 3, and although salivary immunoglobulin A is significantly increased in serotypes 1 and 3, DHVD3 had the most dramatic effect on the level of neutralizing serum antibodies of all 3 IPV serotypes. These findings suggest a possible use of vitamin D3 as an adjuvant for currently used and proposed new Sabin IPVs.
A Novel Transgenic Mouse Model Reveals Humanlike Regulation of an 8-kbp Human TERT Gene Promoter Fragment in Normal and Tumor Tissues (2005)

Telomerase activity is repressed in most human somatic tissues during differentiation processes but strongly up-regulated in most human tumors. Regulation of human telomerase activity primarily occurs at the level of transcriptional initiation of the TERT gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase. We have generated a novel transgenic mouse model to study the regulation of the human TERT gene promoter in an in vivo system. For this purpose, we have cloned an 8.0-kbp human TERT promoter fragment in front of the bacterial lacZ reporter gene (hTERTp-lacZ), which encodes the beta-galactosidase enzyme. Expression of the reporter gene was monitored by reverse transcription-PCR analysis, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside staining of whole mount preparations, and histologic sections. We find that the activity of the human TERT promoter in most normal mouse tissues recapitulates the expression of the hTERT gene in normal human tissues and is under tighter control when compared with the endogenous mouse TERT gene expression. In testis, where highest lacZ expression was observed, the expression of the reporter gene was restricted to the spermatogonial stem cells and the spermatocytes. Intriguingly, we find increased levels of lacZ expression in mammary tumors of hTERTp-lacZ x p53(+/-) bitransgenic mouse mammary tumor model. Thus, this transgenic mouse model provides a suitable in vivo system to analyze the expression of the human TERT gene under physiologic conditions and during tumorigenesis.
Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation onto Adenoviral (Ad) Coat Proteins Facilitates Chemoselective Modification and Retargeting of Ad Type 5 Vectors (2011)

Surface modification of adenovirus vectors can improve tissue-selective targeting, attenuate immunogenicity, and enable imaging of particle biodistribution, thus significantly improving therapeutic potential. Currently, surface engineering is constrained by a combination of factors, including impact on viral fitness, limited access to functionality, or incomplete control over the site of modification. Here, we report a two-step labeling process involving an initial metabolic placement of a uniquely reactive unnatural amino acid, azidohomoalanine (Aha), followed by highly specific chemical modification. As genetic modification of adenovirus is unnecessary, vector production is exceedingly straightforward. Aha incorporation demonstrated no discernible impact on either virus production or infectivity of the resultant particles. "Click" chemical modification of surface-exposed azides was highly selective, allowing for the attachment of a wide range of functionality. Decoration of human adenovirus type 5 (hAd5) with folate, a known cancer-targeting moiety, provided an ∼20-fold increase in infection of murine breast cancer cells (4T1) in a folate receptor-dependent manner. This study demonstrates that incorporation of unnatural amino acids can provide a flexible, straightforward route for the selective chemical modification of adenoviral vectors.
The cell: a molecular approach (1997)

PART : INTRODUCTION. - An Overview of Cells and Cell Research - The Chemistry of Cells - Fundamentals of Molecular Biology - PART I1: THE FLOW OF GENETIC INFORMATION - The Organization and Sequences of Cellular Genomes - Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic DNA - RNA Synthesis and Processing - Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation - PART III: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION - The Nucleus - Protein Sorting and Transport: The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi - Apparatus, and Lysosomes - Bioenergetics and Metabolism: Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and - Peroxisomes - The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement - The Cell Surface - PART IV CELL REGULATION - Cell Signaling - The Cell Cycle - Cancer -