gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Type 1 Phototherapeutic Agents. 2. Cancer Cell Viability and ESR Studies of Tricyclic Diarylamines (2012)

Type 1 phototherapeutic agents based on diarylamines were assessed for free radical generation and evaluated in vitro for cell death efficacy in the U937 leukemia cancer cell line. All of the compounds were found to produce copious free radicals upon photoexcitation with UV-A and/or UV-B light, as determined by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Among the diarylamines, the most potent compounds were acridan (4) and 9-phenylacridan (5), with IC50 values of 0.68 μM and 0.17 μM, respectively.
Light-emitters involved in the luminescence of coelenterazine (2000)

Coelenterazine emits light by chemi-and bioluminescence reactions, decomposing into coelenteramide and CO(2). To ascertain the light emitters involved, the fluorescence of coelenteramide and five analogues were studies in four kinds of solvent. The results showed that coelenteramides can form five kinds of light emitters, ie unionized (lambda(max) 386-423 nm), phenolate anion (lambda(max) 480-490 nm), phenolate anion temporarily formed from the ion-pair state (lambda(max) 465-479 nm), amide anion (lambda(max) 435-458 nm) and pyrazine-N(4) anion (lambda(max) 530-565 nm). The chemiluminescence light emitter of coelenterazine in the presence of alkali (lambda(max) 530-550 nm) was found to be the pyrazine-N(4) anion and not the dianion (ie phenolate anion/amide anion), as previously believed. In chemiluminescence, the normal light emitter is the amide anion, and the pyrazine-N(4) anion emission may occur in the presence of alkali, but light emission from any other emitters has not been observed. In the bioluminescence reaction, the normal light emitter is the amide anion, but no other light emitter was observed except the unionized form found in the Ca-triggered luminescence of semisynthetic aequorins prepared with an e-type coelenterazine instead of coelenterazine.
Serologic Evidence for Exposure to Simian Virus 40 in North American Zoo Workers (2004)

Some laboratories have detected DNA from the macaque polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40) in human tumors, but possible routes of infection remain unknown. In the present study, an enzyme immunoassay using viruslike particles (VLPs) was used to test 254 zoo workers for antibodies to SV40; 25 zoo workers with direct contact with nonhuman primates and 15 other zoo workers (23% vs. 10%, respectively; P=.01) were seropositive for SV40. Additionally, SV40 seroreactivity confirmed by competitive-inhibition experiments (i.e., blocked by addition of SV40 VLPs but not by VLPs for BK virus or JC virus, which are related human polyomaviruses) was increased in zoo workers with direct contact with nonhuman primates (10% vs. 3%, respectively; P=.04). SV40 seroreactivity therefore may reflect zoonotic exposure.
Efficient plasmid transformation of Streptomyces ambofaciens and Streptomyces fradiae protoplasts (1985)

A procedure for efficient transformation of Streptomyces ambofaciens and Streptomyces fradiae protoplasts with plasmid DNA was developed. Transformation frequencies with S. fradiae protoplasts were strongly influenced by the temperatures for cell growth, protoplast formation, and protoplast regeneration. Transformation frequencies for both species were also influenced by the culture age before protoplast formation, the source and concentration of polyethylene glycol, the transformation-inducing agent, the concentration of protoplasts used in the transformation procedure, and the number of protoplasts added to regeneration plates. Transformation frequencies were substantially higher for both species when calf thymus DNA and protamine sulfate were added to the transformation mix. With S. fradiae, transformation frequencies were much lower with plasmid DNA prepared from other species than with the same plasmids prepared from S. fradiae, suggesting that S. fradiae expresses restriction and modification. With the modified transformation procedures using DNA prepared from homologous hosts, S. ambofaciens and S. fradiae are now transformed routinely at frequencies of 10(6) to 10(7) transformants per micrograms of plasmid DNA.
Prediction of distal residue participation in enzyme catalysis (2015)

A scoring method for the prediction of catalytically important residues in enzyme structures is presented and used to examine the participation of distal residues in enzyme catalysis. Scores are based on the Partial Order Optimum Likelihood (POOL) machine learning method, using computed electrostatic properties, surface geometric features, and information obtained from the phylogenetic tree as input features. Predictions of distal residue participation in catalysis are compared with experimental kinetics data from the literature on variants of the featured enzymes; some additional kinetics measurements are reported for variants of Pseudomonas putida nitrile hydratase (ppNH) and for Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (AP). The multilayer active sites of P. putida nitrile hydratase and of human phosphoglucose isomerase are predicted by the POOL log ZP scores, as is the single-layer active site of P. putida ketosteroid isomerase. The log ZP score cutoff utilized here results in over-prediction of distal residue involvement in E. coli alkaline phosphatase. While fewer experimental data points are available for P. putida mandelate racemase and for human carbonic anhydrase II, the POOL log ZP scores properly predict the previously reported participation of distal residues.
The Structure of Importin-ß Bound to SREBP-2: Nuclear Import of a Transcription Factor (2003)

The sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), a nuclear transcription factor that is essential for cholesterol metabolism, enters the nucleus through a direct interaction of its helix-loop-helix leucine zipper domain with importin-beta. We show the crystal structure of importin-beta complexed with the active form of SREBP-2. Importin-beta uses characteristic long helices like a pair of chopsticks to interact with an SREBP-2 dimer. Importin-beta changes its conformation to reveal a pseudo-twofold symmetry on its surface structure so that it can accommodate a symmetric dimer molecule. Importin-beta may use a similar strategy to recognize other dimeric cargoes.
Care-O-bot/sup TM/: the concept of a system for assisting elderly or disabled persons in home environments (2002)

Medical expenses are increasing drastically all over the world. More than 30% of these expenses are related to elderly people. By the year 2030 the number of 60 year old people will have doubled. Technical aids are required allowing people to live independently and be supported in their private homes as long as they wish. As a contribution to these required technological solutions a demonstrator platform for a mobile home care system-called Care-O-bot/sup TM/-was designed and implemented by Fraunhofer IPA, Stuttgart. The Care-O-bot/sup TM/ is a mobile service robot which has the capability to perform fetch and carry and various supporting tasks in home environments. Main emphasis is laid in communicational and social integrating tasks, like video telephone, automatic emergency calls and interactive communication. Focus of work performed so far is the mechanical design and realisation of the vehicle, the development of the control system architecture, the implementation and testing of navigation and motion algorithms. The integration of a sensor guided robotic arm is part of the next development phase.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy with Simultaneous Independent Topography (1998)

A new method to perform scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and topography simultaneously is described here. The new method uses a conventional scanning microelectrode to sense species released by local electrochemical reactions on the surface of a sample, combined with shear‐force feedback to maintain the probe at a constant distance from the surface of the material. By using shear‐force feedback, larger electrochemical currents can be detected at the microelectrode because the probe is scanned at a closer distance from the surface of the sample. The new method has yielded high lateral resolution topography and SECM images are reported here.
Microarrays in ecological research: a case study of a cDNA microarray for plant-herbivore interactions. (2004)

While the costs of 'boutique' array fabrication are rapidly declining, familiar methods for the analysis of the data they create are still missing. The case history illustrated here demonstrates the ease with which this powerful technology can be adapted to ecological research.
Inkjet-Printed Line Morphologies and Temperature Control of the Coffee Ring Effect (2008)

We have studied inkjet-printed drops of a conductive polymer. We show how varying drop spacing and temperature lead to several different printed line morphologies and offer a simple geometric explanation for these various forms. Also, by controlling the evaporation profile of drying drops and lines, we demonstrate control of the coffee ring effect by which solute is transferred to the rim. Under appropriate conditions, we are able to enhance or eliminate the coffee ring effect in our drying features.
Enterobacter sakazakii: A New Species of "Enterobacteriaceae" Isolated from Clinical Specimens (1980)

Enterobacter sakazakii is the name proposed for the organism previously known as "yellow-pigmented Enterobacter cloacae." The type strain (holotype) of this species is ATCC 29544. The proposed change in the classification of this organism is based on differences between E. cloacae and E. sakazakii in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization, biochemical reactions, pigment production, and antibiotic susceptibility. By DNA hybridization, E. sakazakii was about 50% related to E. cloacae, Citrobacter diversus ("Citrobacter intermedius" biotype b), and "Citrobacter amalonaticus" ("Citrobacter intermedius" biotype a). The new species was placed in Enterobacter rather than Citrobacter because of its closer phenotypic and DNA similarity to E. cloacae, the type species of the genus Enterobacter, and because it was only 41% related by DNA hybridization to Citrobacter freundii, the type species of Citrobacter. E. sakazakii had biochemical reactions very similar to those of E. cloacae but was d-sorbitol negative and positive for extracellular deoxyribonuclease at 2 to 7 days and produced yellow-pigmented colonies. E. sakazakii had larger zones of inhibition around ampicillin and cephalothin antibiotic disks, which also helps to differentiate it from E. cloacae. E. sakazakii grew on the nonselective (but differential) plating media commonly used in enteric bacteriology, but its plating efficiency was reduced on more inhibitory enteric plating media. It has been isolated from human clinical specimens such as sputum, feces, and wounds, where it is probably only a colonizer and not clinically significant. However, it is also a documented, although rare, cause of neonatal meningitis. Other sources have included food, a physician's stethoscope, and an uninoculated blood culture bottle.
The Not‐So‐Simple Process of Sickle Cell Vasoocclusion (2004)

Traditional concepts of sickle cell disease as a monogenically inherited disorder that is understood completely on the basis of polymerization based pathophysiology are more simple that what clinical observations allow. Detailed explications of the determinants of polymerization can be counted, but these do not account for all aspects of sickle cell disease. Neither can all perturbations that count in the course of sickle cell disease be counted as determinants of polymerization. The polymerization based theory that has been extrapolated to describe clinical disease often is not identical to clinical reality. Although contemporary understandings of sickle cell pathophysiology have been described as crazy by those bound to traditional polymerization based understandings, increasingly iconoclastic, seemingly crazy notions are regularly providing important new understandings of sickle cell disease. One of the major challenges to contemporary investigators is to describe new scientific insights in a way that can be understood by others, particularly those reluctant to afford polymerization independent discoveries validity among the interdependent processes that account for sickle cell disease.
Palladium-Catalyzed Sequential Vinylic C–H Arylation/Amination of 2-Vinylanilines with Aryl boronic Acids: Access to 2-Arylindoles (2017)

A palladium-catalyzed selective and successive vinylic C-H arylation/amination of 2-vinylanilines with arylboronic acids to generate indoles has been developed. This procedure represents a straightforward and practical approach to valuable multifunctionalized indoles.
MECHANISMS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE STABLE SEGREGATION OF PLASMIDS (1989)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
Direction sensitive fall detection using a triaxial accelerometer and a barometric pressure sensor (2011)

Falling is one of the leading causes of serious health decline or injury-related deaths in the elderly. For survivors of a fall, the resulting health expenses can be a devastating burden, largely because of the long recovery time and potential comorbidities that ensue. The detection of a fall is, therefore, important in care of the elderly for decreasing the reaction time by the care-givers especially for those in care who are particularly frail or living alone. Recent advances in motion-sensor technology have enabled wearable sensors to be used efficiently for pervasive care of the elderly. In addition to fall detection, it is also important to determine the direction of a fall, which could help in the location of joint weakness or post-fall fracture. This work uses a waist-worn sensor, encompassing a 3D accelerometer and a barometric pressure sensor, for reliable fall detection and the determination of the direction of a fall. Also assessed is an efficient analysis framework suitable for on-node implementation using a low-power micro-controller that involves both feature extraction and fall detection. A detailed laboratory analysis is presented validating the practical application of the system.
Admixture of a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the gene for the costimulatory molecule B7 and a recombinant vaccinia virus containing a tumor-associated antigen gene results in enhanced specific T-cell responses and antitumor immunity. (1995)

At least two signals are required for the activation of naive T cells by antigen-bearing target cells: an antigen-specific signal, delivered through the T-cell receptor, and a costimulatory signal delivered through the T-cell surface molecule CD28 by its natural ligand B7-1. The immunological benefit of coexpression of B7 with target antigen has been demonstrated with the use of several retroviral systems to transfect antigen-bearing cells. Although engineering recombinant constructs with genes for two or more antigens can mediate the dual expression of those antigens, disadvantages of this approach include the time for construction of each desirable combination and the inability to control differential expression levels of each gene product. An alternative approach would utilize separate constructs that could be admixed appropriately before administration. In this report we describe the functional consequences of the admixture of recombinant vaccinia murine B7-1 (rV-B7) to recombinant vaccinia expressing the human carcinoembryonic antigen gene (rV-CEA). Coinfection of cells resulted in high levels of cell surface expression of both the CEA and B7 molecules. Immunization of mice with various ratios (1:3, 1:1, 3:1) of rV-CEA and rV-B7 demonstrated that an admixture of rV-CEA and rV-B7 at a 3:1 ratio resulted in the generation of optimal CEA-specific T-cell responses. Next, we examined the efficacy of this admixture on antitumor activity. Typically, injection of murine carcinoma cells expressing CEA leads to the death of the host. One immunization of C57BL/6 mice with rV-CEA:rV-B7 (3:1) resulted in no tumor establishment. In contrast, administration of rV-CEA or rV-B7 alone had little or no antitumor effects. These studies demonstrate the advantages of the use of recombinant vaccinia viruses to deliver B7 molecules in combination with a tumor-associated antigen. The availability of the rV-B7 single construct and the ability to alter the B7 ratio could also have potential utility when coinfecting rV-B7 with recombinant vaccinia viruses containing genes for infectious agents or other tumor-associated antigen genes.
Correlation between Presence of Viable Bacteria and Presence of Endotoxin in Middle-Ear Effusions (1998)

The presence of endotoxin (detected by the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay) was compared to the presence of viable Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis (detected by PCR) in 106 middle-ear effusions from pediatric patients with chronic otitis media. Endotoxin was found in 81 of the 106 specimens. Of these 81 specimens, 66 (81.5%) also tested positive for one or both of the gram-negative bacteria H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. The data suggest that viable gram-negative bacteria, detectable by PCR but often undetectable by culture, may be the source of endotoxin in middle-ear effusions.
Lysosome-associated membrane protein-1-mediated targeting of the HIV-1 envelope protein to an endosomal/lysosomal compartment enhances its presentation to MHC class II-restricted T cells (1995)

A subset of endogenously synthesized Ags can be processed for class II-restricted presentation, probably through multiple mechanisms. Processing of exogenous Ags for class II-restricted presentation appears to occur in unique endosomal processing compartments with lysosomal characteristics including the presence of the lysosomal membrane protein LAMP-1. Therefore, we attempted to enhance the efficiency of class II-restricted presentation of an endogenous Ag, the HIV-1 envelope (env) protein, by specifically targeting the Ag to class II processing compartments through the pathway followed by LAMP-1. Because the env protein associates tightly with CD4 shortly after synthesis, we first targeted the env protein using a chimeric CD4 protein consisting of the extracellular domain of CD4 and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of LAMP-1. When co-expressed with this chimeric protein, the env protein was efficiently localized to lysosome-like compartments. Enhanced stimulation of env-specific CD4+ T cell clones by APC expressing the env protein and the CD4-LAMP-1 chimera was readily demonstrated in both cytotoxicity assays and proliferation assays. We also targeted the env protein directly as a chimeric protein consisting of the extracellular domain of the env protein and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of LAMP-1. The proliferative response of env-specific CD4+ T cell clones to the env-LAMP-1 chimera was greatly enhanced compared with wild-type env protein, especially when limiting numbers of stimulator cells were used. The enhanced stimulatory capacity of APC expressing LAMP-1-targeted Ags has important implications for vaccine design.
Bis(amino)cyclopropenylidenes as Organocatalysts for Acyl Anion and Extended Umpolung Reactions (2013)

Back to BACs: In the pursuit of novel carbene organocatalysts, bis(amino)cyclopropenylidenes (BACs) were explored as alternatives to N-heterocyclic carbenes. They were effective in catalyzing the Stetter reaction, and displayed unique advantages over the commonly used thiazolylidenes and triazolylidenes. They also mediated extended umpolung reactions of enals. In addition, chiral analogues can be accessed readily for applications in enantioselective catalysis. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
TRIPLET LIFETIMES OF SOME FLAVINS (1987)

Abstract— Using flash photolysis the rate constants of the triplet decay at pH 7.0 (26°C) of 10‐hydroxyethyl‐isoalloxazine (2700 s −1 ), 2′‐deoxyRF (2300 s −1 ), 5′‐deoxyRF (3200 s −1 ), 8‐hydroxyRF (18 000 s −1 ) and 8‐aminoRF (28 000 s −1 ) have been measured. The results agree with other evidence that photochemical properties of flavins are influenced by the interaction of the sidechain with the isoalloxazine nucleus. In addition, our data on RF and FMN indicate that the triplet decay rates given in the literature for these compounds have to be corrected to 3200 s −1 (RF) and 4900 s −1 (FMN), respectively. The rate constants for the quenching of the triplet by ground state molecules for all above compounds are given.
Effect of Anti‐IL‐2Rα Antibody on IL‐2‐induced Jak/STAT Signaling (2002)

Acute allograft rejection is driven by production of cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) that activate and expand alloreactive T cells by ligating high-affinity IL-2 receptors composed of three subunit chains: alpha, beta, gamma The alpha chain, expressed only on activated T cells, has become an important therapeutic target. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind IL-2Ralpha chains significantly decrease transplant rejection. We examined the ability of the humanized anti-IL-2Ralpha antibody daclizumab to block high-affinity IL-2Rs and interrupt T-lymphocyte signaling. Our evaluation focused on a pathway critical for T-cell proliferation, the Jak/STAT pathway. Daclizumab markedly inhibited phosphorylation of the Jak1, Jak3 and STAT5a/b components of the IL-2R-dependent pathway. Suppression by daclizumab was associated with internalization of IL-2Ralpha but not IL-2Rbetagamma chains. High IL-2 doses overcame daclizumab-induced blockade of Jak/STAT phosphorylation despite absent cell surface highaffinity IL-2Rs. Under these circumstances, IL-2-mediated Jak/STAT pathway activation might be generated through residual intermediate affinity IL-2Rbetagamma receptors, and this was demonstrated by complete blockade of signaling when anti-IL-2Rbeta monoclonal antibody was added. Humanized antibodies are an important part of strategies to induce alloantigen tolerance. Understanding the molecular events associated with their beneficial clinical effect is critical to design of future immunosuppressive strategies.
A Colômbia e os Desafios para a Integração Sul-Americana (2012)

Este artigo analisa os primeiros dois anos do governo Santos na Colômbia, com foco na situação política interna do país e também analisando os impactos da política externa do governo atual sobre a segurança regional e a integração da América do Sul. Atenção especial foi dada ao relacionamento bilateral entre Colômbia e Brasil. Conclui-se que a consistência da reorientação da política externa colombiana é baixa. Ainda que Santos tenha realizado uma normalização das relações diplomáticas com a Venezuela e Equador e tenha aceitado participar dos processos integradores sintetizados pela UNASUL, o acordo de livre comércio assinado com os estados Unidos e os esforços para criar um bloco econômico Aliança do Pacífico com o Chile e o México indicam que há limites bastante claros para este giro política externa colombiana.
Lettuce, Endive and Chicory (1999)

Genetics and breeding physiology production methods harvest and postharvest methods seed production and marketing diseases and their control insects and their control economics.