gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technology-Driven, Highly-Scalable Dragonfly Topology (2008)

Evolving technology and increasing pin-bandwidth motivate the use of high-radix routers to reduce the diameter, latency, and cost of interconnection networks. High-radix networks, however, require longer cables than their low-radix counterparts. Because cables dominate network cost, the number of cables, and particularly the number of long, global cables should be minimized to realize an efficient network. In this paper, we introduce the dragonfly topology which uses a group of high-radix routers as a virtual router to increase the effective radix of the network. With this organization, each minimally routed packet traverses at most one global channel. By reducing global channels, a dragonfly reduces cost by 20% compared to a flattened butterfly and by 52% compared to a folded Clos network in configurations with ≥ 16K nodes.We also introduce two new variants of global adaptive routing that enable load-balanced routing in the dragonfly. Each router in a dragonfly must make an adaptive routing decision based on the state of a global channel connected to a different router. Because of the indirect nature of this routing decision, conventional adaptive routing algorithms give degraded performance. We introduce the use of selective virtual-channel discrimination and the use of credit round-trip latency to both sense and signal channel congestion. The combination of these two methods gives throughput and latency that approaches that of an ideal adaptive routing algorithm.
The promise of a voice-enabled Web (2000)

Many computing professionals have heard of XML, and some use it to describe text, images and other data with rich structure. The author discusses an innovative use of XML, called VoiceXML, to support human-computer dialogs via spoken input and audio output. VoiceXML defines dialogs between humans and machines in terms of audio files to be played, text-to-speech synthesis and speech recognition capabilities, and touch-tone input. The author reviews the existing architectures for World Wide Web and telephone services, describes how VoiceXML enables consolidation of service logic for Web and phone, and summarizes the features of the VoiceXML 1.0 specification. Implementation of VoiceXML clients and VoiceXML services has begun in many of the VoiceXML Forum's member companies and will soon be available in the marketplace. The World Wide Web Voice Browser working group has adopted VoiceXML 1.0 as the basis for the dialog markup language that is part of its speech user interface framework.
La generación de la imagen televisual: un refugio organizado de una realidad (2000)

La nuestra es una generacion de la imagen; una epoca en que todos los jovenes, ninos y adultos estan sometidos a una variedad de imagenes, mayor que la conocida hasta ahora; una epoca en la que en particular los jovenes y los ninos parecen haber encontrado en la imagen televisual un refugio organizado de una realidad que nos pertenece a todos por igual.
[Microsatellite alterations of circulating DNA in the plasma of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma]. (2006)

Microsatellite alterations show a high concordant pattern between the tissue and plasma DNA in HCC, which indicates that the microsatellite alterations of tumor tissue are reflected by plasma DNA, LOH may play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis whereas MSI may also contribute to this progress in a less significant way, and D8S277 is a sensitive locus to MSI in HCC.
Orally Active Antimalarial 3-Substituted Trioxanes:  New Synthetic Methodology and Biological Evaluation (1998)

On the basis of a mechanistic understanding of the mode of action of artemisinin-like antimalarials, a series of structurally simple 3-aryl-1,2,4-trioxanes 5 was designed and was prepared in three to five operations from commercial reactants. The 3-aryl group was attached in each case as a nucleophile. In an electronically complementary fashion, 3-(fluoroalkyl)-trioxanes 6 were prepared via attachment of electrophilic fluoroalkyl esters. Both in vitro and in vivo antimalarial evaluations of these new trioxanes showed 12 beta-methoxy-3-aryltrioxanes 5g, 5j, 5k, and 51 to be highly potent, with crystalline fluorobenzyl ether trioxane 5k especially potent even when administered to rodents orally. As shown by rearrangement of hexamethyl Dewar benzene into hexamethylbenzene, iron-induced degradation of some of these 3-aryltrioxanes 5 involves generation of high-valent iron oxo species that might kill malaria parasites.
Phosphatidylinositol 3′-Kinase-independent p70 S6 Kinase Activation by Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 Is Important for Proliferation but Not Differentiation of Endothelial Cells (1997)

p70(s6k) has a role in cell cycle progression in response to specific extracellular stimuli. The signal transduction pathway leading to activation of p70(s6k) by fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1) was examined in FGF-2-treated rat L6 myoblasts. p70(s6k) was activated in a biphasic and rapamycin-sensitive manner. Although phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase was not activated in the FGF-2 treated cells, as judged from in vitro and in vivo analyses, wortmannin and LY294002 treatment inhibited p70(s6k) activation. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), by bisindolylmaleimide or by chronic phorbol ester treatment of the FGFR-1 cells, suppressed but did not block p70(s6k) activation. In cells expressing a point-mutated FGFR-1, Y766F, unable to mediate PKC activation, p70(s6k) was still activated, in a bisindolylmaleimide- and phorbol ester-resistant manner. The involvement of S6 kinase in FGFR-1-dependent biological responses was examined in murine brain endothelial cells. In response to FGF-2, these cells differentiate to form tube-like structures in collagen gel cultures and proliferate when cultured on fibronectin. p70(s6k) was not activated in endothelial cells on collagen, whereas activation was observed during proliferation on fibronectin. In agreement with this finding, rapamycin inhibited the proliferative but not the differentiation response. Our results indicate that FGFR-1 mediates p70(s6k) activation by a phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-independent mechanism that does not require PKC activation and, furthermore, proliferation, but not differentiation of endothelial cells in response to FGF-2, is associated with p70(s6k) activation.
High-Level ab Initio Studies of Hydrogen Abstraction from Prototype Hydrocarbon Systems (2006)

Symmetric and nonsymmetric hydrogen abstraction reactions are studied using state-of-the-art ab initio electronic structure methods. Second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) and the coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] methods with large correlation consistent basis sets (cc-pVXZ, where X = D,T,Q) are used in determining the transition-state geometries, activation barriers, and thermodynamic properties of several representative hydrogen abstraction reactions. The importance of basis set, electron correlation, and choice of zeroth-order reference wave function in the accurate prediction of activation barriers and reaction enthalpies are also investigated. The ethynyl radical (*CCH), which has a very high affinity for hydrogen atoms, is studied as a prototype hydrogen abstraction agent. Our high-level quantum mechanical computations indicate that hydrogen abstraction using the ethynyl radical has an activation energy of less than 3 kcal mol(-1) for hydrogens bonded to an sp(2) or sp(3) carbon. These low activation barriers further corroborate previous studies suggesting that ethynyl-type radicals would make good tooltips for abstracting hydrogens from diamondoid surfaces during mechanosynthesis. Modeling the diamond C(111) surface with isobutane and treating the ethynyl radical as a tooltip, hydrogen abstraction in this reaction is predicted to be barrierless.
Neuroprotective effect of exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor on rat spinal cord neurons in vitro hypoxia. (2005)

VEGF has direct neuroprotective effects on rat spinal cord neurons, which may be mediated in vitro through VEGFR2/Flk-1 receptors.
Discovery of tissue-specific exons using comprehensive human exon microarrays (2007)

In conjunction with a conceptually simple algorithm, comprehensive exon microarrays can detect tissue-specific alternative splicing events. Our data suggest significant expression outside of known exons and well annotated genes and a high frequency of alternative splicing events. In addition, we identified and validated a number of novel exons with tissue-specific splicing patterns. The tissue map data will likely serve as a valuable source of information on the regulation of alternative splicing.
Selective hematopoietic stem cell ablation using CD117-antibody-drug-conjugates enables safe and effective transplantation with immunity preservation (2019)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative therapy for blood and immune diseases with potential for many settings beyond current standard-of-care. Broad HSCT application is currently precluded largely due to morbidity and mortality associated with genotoxic irradiation or chemotherapy conditioning. Here we show that a single dose of a CD117-antibody-drug-conjugate (CD117-ADC) to saporin leads to > 99% depletion of host HSCs, enabling rapid and efficient donor hematopoietic cell engraftment. Importantly, CD117-ADC selectively targets hematopoietic stem cells yet does not cause clinically significant side-effects. Blood counts and immune cell function are preserved following CD117-ADC treatment, with effective responses by recipients to both viral and fungal challenges. These results suggest that CD117-ADC-mediated HSCT pre-treatment could serve as a non-myeloablative conditioning strategy for the treatment of a wide range of non-malignant and malignant diseases, and might be especially suited to gene therapy and gene editing settings in which preservation of immunity is desired.
Follistatin decreases activin-stimulated FSH secretion with no effect on GnRH-stimulated FSH secretion in prepubertal male monkeys (1994)

Follistatin is an activin-binding glycoprotein that decreases FSH secretion in vitro and in vivo in rats. The mechanism by which follistatin acts is unclear, but it has been suggested that it may bind endogenous activin and neutralize its effects. In this study, we wished to test the ability of follistatin to suppress FSH secretion in vivo in primates whose FSH secretion has been stimulated by activin or by GnRH. Six prepubertal male monkeys were injected intravenously with human recombinant follistatin at the dose of 90 micrograms/kg or 180 micrograms/kg plus activin (90 micrograms/kg) or GnRH (10 micrograms/kg). Frequent blood samples were drawn for 12 hours following each injection. Bio FSH and LH levels were measured in those samples. GnRH and activin each stimulated FSH bioactivity. Both doses of follistatin significantly inhibited the activin-induced increase in FSH (p < 0.05). The GnRH-induced increase in FSH was not affected by follistatin. LH levels were not affected by follistatin in any of the studies. These data suggest that follistatin can suppress the activin-induced increase in FSH in primates and is consistent with the hypothesis that follistatin can block the physiological effects of endogenous activin in primates. This effect is likely to be due to the binding of follistatin to activin either in the peripheral circulation or at the pituitary level.
Organophosphorus reagents in organic synthesis (1979)

Organophosphorus reagents in organic synthesis , Organophosphorus reagents in organic synthesis , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Family of pH (low) insertion peptides for tumor targeting (2013)

Cancer is a complex disease with a range of genetic and biochemical markers within and among tumors, but a general tumor characteristic is extracellular acidity, which is associated with tumor growth and development. Acidosis could be a universal marker for cancer imaging and the delivery of therapeutic molecules, but its promise as a cancer biomarker has not been fully realized in the clinic. We have discovered a unique approach for the targeting of acidic tissue using the pH-sensitive folding and transmembrane insertion of pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP). The essence of the molecular mechanism has been elucidated, but the principles of design need to be understood for optimal clinical applications. Here, we report on a library of 16 rationally designed pHLIP variants. We show how the tuning of the biophysical properties of peptide-lipid bilayer interactions alters tumor targeting, distribution in organs, and blood clearance. Lead compounds for PET/single photon emission computed tomography and fluorescence imaging/MRI were identified, and targeting specificity was shown by use of noninserting variants. Finally, we present our current understanding of the main principles of pHLIP design.
A study of fault tolerance techniques for associative processors (1974)

Associative processing techniques have been suggested for numerous application areas and have been proven to be superior to more conventional procedures for a number of specialized applications. Recent advances in computer technology and development of new architectural concepts for associative devices have made the design of larger and more flexible systems possible. Such systems are extremely complex and must be adequately protected against failures. This paper reports on the results of a study which has indicated the techniques that are applicable and difficulties that may be encountered in the design of fault-tolerant associative processors.
Gout: an update. (2007)

Arthritis caused by gout (i.e., gouty arthritis) accounts for millions of outpatient visits annually, and the prevalence is increasing. Gout is caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition in tissues leading to arthritis, soft tissue masses (i.e., tophi), nephrolithiasis, and urate nephropathy. The biologic precursor to gout is elevated serum uric acid levels (i.e., hyperuricemia). Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is common and usually does not progress to clinical gout. Acute gout most often presents as attacks of pain, erythema, and swelling of one or a few joints in the lower extremities. The diagnosis is confirmed if monosodium urate crystals are present in synovial fluid. First-line therapy for acute gout is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids, depending on comorbidities; colchicine is second-line therapy. After the first gout attack, modifiable risk factors (e.g., high-purine diet, alcohol use, obesity, diuretic therapy) should be addressed. Urate-lowering therapy for gout is initiated after multiple attacks or after the development of tophi or urate nephrolithiasis. Allopurinol is the most common therapy for chronic gout. Uricosuric agents are alternative therapies in patients with preserved renal function and no history of nephrolithiasis. During urate-lowering therapy, the dose should be titrated upward until the serum uric acid level is less than 6 mg per dL (355 micromol per L). When initiating urate-lowering therapy, concurrent prophylactic therapy with low-dose colchicine for three to six months may reduce flare-ups.
Reconstruction of Chronic Massive Rotator Cuff Tears with Synthetic Materials (1986)

Synthetic materials for repairing experimental massive rotator cuff tears were investigated in 60 rats. The same materials were investigated for massive rotator cuff ruptures in 25 patients. The materials were well tolerated when used for repair of torn segments of the musculotendinous cuff. Of 25 patients with massive rotator cuff tears, 23 had satisfactory functional results. The muscle strength tests on tendons repaired with Teflon felt (which was thicker than the other materials) were superior to results of repairs with other materials; 3–5 mm proved to be the optimum thickness of Teflon felt used for repair of the musculotendinous cuff.
A RANDOMIZED ACTIVE-CONTROLLED TRIAL OF MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL IN HEART TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS1 (1998)

Substitution of MMF for azathioprine may reduce mortality and rejection in the first year after cardiac transplantation.
VALIDATION OF METHODS FOR MULTI-SCALE PORE SPACE RECONSTRUCTION AND THEIR USE IN PREDICTION OF FLOW PROPERTIES OF CARBONATE (2008)

The creation of a 3D pore-scale model of a porous medium is an important step in quantitatively characterising the medium and predicting its two-phase and three-phase relative permeabilities and capillary pressures. Recently, we have developed pore architecture models (PAMs) to reconstruct 3D reservoir rocks from 2D thin section images along with a set of pore analysis tools (PATs) to quantitatively analyse the reconstructed pore systems. The PATs reveal the pore topology and geometry, from which we can construct pore network models and compare the original and reconstructed 3D microstructures. Compared to other published reconstruction and network extraction methods, the PAMs and PATs algorithms are computationally significantly more efficient. In this paper we describe a series of tests involving rock PAM reconstructions and extracted networks, and compare the flow properties predicted using network flow simulations. Specifically, we validate the reconstruction method through “self-reconstruction”; i.e. we take numerical thin sections from a reconstructed rock or known 3D tomograph to create a new reconstruction, for which the properties are compared with the original. First, we consider a fairly homogeneous sandstone rock, for which good agreement is found between the original and the new reconstructions in terms of numbers of pores, pore size distribution and connectivity. The permeability of the sandstone example is also closely matched and, in addition, two-phase relative permeabilities for both drainage and imbibition agree well. Second, the reconstruction method is applied to more heterogeneous carbonate rocks. When such materials possess distinct pore systems with wide ranges of pore sizes, we overcome some of the difficulties of the multiple scales by integrating multiple reconstructions based on different resolution input images. Two-phase relative permeabilities are compared for the individual and the combined scale reconstructions. The results reported here indicate that the smaller elements of the pore system are important in governing aspects of the flow. The above suggests that the reconstruction process produces a good representation of homogeneous and some heterogeneous rocks, although prediction of multi-phase flow properties in multi-scale rocks will require larger reconstruction volumes, which seem to be within reach of our efficient methods.
Histone H1 and H3 dephosphorylation are differentially regulated by radiation-induced signal transduction pathways. (2000)

We recently demonstrated that linker histone H1, which is thought to have a fundamental role in higher-order chromatin structure, becomes transiently dephosphorylated after ionizing radiation (IR) in a mutated ataxia telangiectasia (ATM) dependent manner. To establish whether H1 dephosphorylation was a component of a damage-response pathway that included dephosphorylation of other histones, we asked whether H3 was dephosphorylated in response to IR in a manner similar to H1. H1 and H3 are maximally phosphorylated in metaphase and both are dephosphorylated after IR. However, the duration of IR-induced H3 dephosphorylation is significantly longer than that of IR-induced H1 dephosphorylation. Moreover, H1 dephosphorylation is ATM-dependent, whereas H3 dephosphorylation is ATM-independent. These observations suggest that the damage-sensing pathways regulating H3 and H1 dephosphorylation diverge upstream of ATM.
Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Protection, Functionalization, and Application (2007)

This review focuses on the synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application of magnetic nanoparticles, as well as the magnetic properties of nanostructured systems. Substantial progress in the size and shape control of magnetic nanoparticles has been made by developing methods such as co-precipitation, thermal decomposition and/or reduction, micelle synthesis, and hydrothermal synthesis. A major challenge still is protection against corrosion, and therefore suitable protection strategies will be emphasized, for example, surfactant/polymer coating, silica coating and carbon coating of magnetic nanoparticles or embedding them in a matrix/support. Properly protected magnetic nanoparticles can be used as building blocks for the fabrication of various functional systems, and their application in catalysis and biotechnology will be briefly reviewed. Finally, some future trends and perspectives in these research areas will be outlined.
Rearrangement of the human heavy chain variable region gene V3–23 in transgenic mice generates antibodies reactive with a range of antigens on the basis of VHCDR3 and residues intrinsic to the heavy chain variable region (2001)

To formulate a 'logic' for how a single immunoglobulin variable region gene generates antibodies with different antigen specificity and polyreactivity, we analysed chimeric antibodies produced in transgenic mice carrying the germ-line human V3-23 gene, multiple diversity (D) and joining (J) gene segments. Hybridomas producing antibodies encoded by the V3-23 gene in combination with different mouse Vkappa genes were obtained by fusion of splenocytes from transgenic mice. All antibodies had human mu-chains and mouse light chains, were multimeric in structure and expressed the human V3-23 gene. Nucleotide sequence analyses of genes encoding the heavy and light chains of 12 antibodies in relation to antigen specificity highlighted the importance of heavy chain variable region CDR3 in determining reactivity with different antigens. However, the results also suggest that non-CDR3 sequences intrinsic to the V3-23 gene itself may be involved in, or determine, the binding of the chimeric antibodies to some of the antigens tested in the current study.
Purification and properties of cystathionine beta-synthase from human liver. Evidence for identical subunits. (1978)

Cystathionine beta-synthase has been purified from human liver more than 3000-fold by a series of steps including high speed centrifugation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatography on hydroxylapatite and DEAE-cellulose, gel filtration, preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and glycerol density gradient centrifugation. The enzyme obtained is homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in four different systems: native, isoelectric focusing, in sodium dodecyl sulfate, and in 8 M urea. The native enzyme has an estimated molecular weight of 94,000 and is composed of two apparently identical subunits of 48,000. The pure enzyme has a specific activity of 160 units/mg of protein and contains tightly bound cofactor, pyridoxal 5' -phosphate. It is possesses serine sulfhydrase as well as cystathionine synthase activity. It has a broad pH optimum from 8.4 to 9.0, apparent Km values for L-serine of 1.15 mM and for L-homocysteine of 0.59 mM, and a pI of 5.2 The enzyme is stable over a pH range from 6.5 to 8.0 in phosphate buffers and can be stored in 40% glycerol at -15 degrees C for at least 1 month.
Nanoassembly of graphene oxide for circulating tumor cell isolation (2011)

Integrating nanotechnology with established cancer research provides extraordinary opportunities to find essential breakthroughs in the fight against cancer. Nanowires and nanotubes are among the leading approaches under development for biological applications. Till now, the nanodevices face a key challenge to develop surfaces and structures that can be chemically modified for specific conjugation of proteins with limited non-specific adsorption. Here we demonstrate a microfluidic device with graphene oxide (GO) for selective and sensitive detection of circulating tumor cells aimed at early diagnosis of cancer. The functionalized GO can self-assembly on patterned gold surfaces via electrostatic interactions between functional groups on GO and gold surfaces.