gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiological and proteomic analyses of Korean F1 maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under water-deficit stress during flowering (2019)

Despite the relevance of drought stress, the regulation of gene expression, protein accumulation, and plant physiology under water-deficit stress is not well understood in Korean F1 maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. In this study, we investigated the effect of water deficit on the F1 maize hybrids, Ilmichal (Ilmi) and Gwangpyeongok (GPOK), by withholding water for 10 days during flowering. Water deficit severely reduced the relative water content, area, SPAD values, and stomatal conductance of leaves, stem length, and the dry matter content of aerial tissues in drought-stressed plants of both hybrids. However, the dry matter content of roots was reduced only in GPOK. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis identified 24 spots representing proteins accumulated to differential levels in well-watered and drought-stressed plants of both hybrids. Further analysis of protein spots using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry and protein database searches revealed that nine proteins were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, seven in stress response, and two in photosynthesis. Among these proteins, delta 3,5-delta 2,4-dienoyl-CoA isomerase (spot 8) and bifunctional 3-phosphoadenosine 5-phosphosulfate synthetase 2 (spot 23) were present only in GPOK, whereas NAD-dependent epimerase/dehydratase (spot 13), NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 2 A (spot 24), and an uncharacterized protein (spot 19) were present only in Ilmi, in response to water-deficit stress. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis showed that the transcript levels of most of the genes encoding these proteins correlated well with their protein levels, suggesting that water deficit affects gene transcription in F1 maize hybrids at the flowering stage.
'MSC': Stereo Audio Coding With CD-Quality and 256 kBit/Sec (1987)

Today's standard for digital audio recording in the consumer field is the compact disc (CD), where a stereo signal is sampled with fs = 44.1 kHz and quantized with 16 bits. This yields a net data rate of about 1.4 Mbit/sec, that can easily be recorded on an optical disc like the CD or on magnetic tape using the R-DAT signal format.
Validity of screening methods for drugs of abuse in biological fluids; II. Heroin in plasma and saliva (1974)

Five subjects received 3 single intravenous doses of heroin, 2.5, 5, andd 10 mg per 70 kg and 1 oral dose of dextromethorphan, 60 mg per 70 kg; another 4 subjects received morphine, 30 mg, subcutaneously, 4 times per day for 3 months. Saliva and plasma samples were collected at intervals for 48 hours following each single drug dose and hourly for 6 hours between chronic doses. Plasma samples were analyzed for opiate by RIA, and saliva samples by RIA, a modified FRAT, and the EMIT. The low dose of heroin was not consistently detectable at any sampling time in either the plasma or the saliva. The medium and high doses were detectable with high probability for 2 to 4 hours in plasma and 1 to 2 hours in saliva. Dextromethorphan was not detectable in plasma hut was detected with high probability in saliva for 30 minutes by EMIT and 2 hours by FRAT. During chronic administration there were high probabilities of detection of morphine in plasma for at least 6 hours and in saliva for 3 to 4 hours after the last morphine dose. While these fluids do not appear to be as useful as urine in routine screening for herOin, they may be useful in the detection of high‐dose chronic abuse.
A method for detecting abasic sites in living cells: Age-dependent changes in base excision repair (2000)

Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are common DNA lesions that arise from spontaneous depurination or by base excision repair (BER) of modified bases. A biotin-containing aldehyde-reactive probe (ARP) [Kubo, K., Ide, H., Wallace, S. S. & Kow, Y. W. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 3703-3708] is used to measure AP sites in living cells. ARP penetrates the plasma membrane of cells and reacts with AP sites in DNA to form a stable ARP-DNA adduct. The DNA is isolated and treated with avidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP), forming a DNA-HRP complex at each biotin residue, which is rapidly separated from free avidin-HRP by selective precipitation with a DNA precipitating dye (DAPER). The number of AP sites is estimated by HRP activity toward chromogenic substrate in an ELISA assay. The assay integrates the AP sites formed by the different glycosylases of BER during a 1-h incubation and eliminates artifactual depurination or loss of AP sites during DNA isolation. The assay was applied to living cells and nuclei. The number of AP sites after a 1-h incubation in old IMR90 cells was about two to three times higher than that in young cells, and the number in human leukocytes from old donors was about seven times that in young donors. The repair of AP sites was slower in senescent compared with young IMR90 cells. An age-dependent decline is shown in the activity of the glycosylase that removes methylated bases in IMR90 cells and in human leukocytes. The decline in excision of methylated bases from DNA suggests an age-dependent decline in 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase, a BER enzyme responsible for removing alkylated bases.
Sustained Release of Transgenic Human Factor IX: Preparation, Characterization, and in Vivo Efficacy (2011)

The current regimen of factor IX (FIX) injection is of an episodic format, which leads to limited efficacy. A sustained release dosage form is beneficial in terms of reducing the injection frequency and improving the therapeutic effectiveness. The aim of this study was to formulate a new microsphere form of a FIX-containing preparation to diminish these shortcomings. Using the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion technique, injectable long-acting FIX microspheres were prepared with transgenic recombinant human FIX (rhFIX) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer. The rhFIX microspheres prepared had diameters ranging between 25-350 μm and easily passed through a small-gauge-number needle for subcutaneous injection. In in vitro release testing, the microspheres had a sustained release profile featuring an initial burst and sustained release spanning a 5-day period. In in vivo pharmacodynamic testing, normalization of the bleeding of hemophilic mice was maintained for 5 days with microsphere injection as compared with 2 days with native rhFIX. Taken together, these results indicated that long-acting FIX microspheres were successfully prepared for potential use in hemophilic prophylaxis.
Exome versus transcriptome sequencing in identifying coding region variants (2012)

The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has revolutionized the study of genetic variation in the human genome. Whole-genome sequencing currently represents the most comprehensive strategy for variant detection genome-wide but is costly for large sample sizes, and variants detected in noncoding regions remain largely uninterpretable. By contrast, whole-exome sequencing has been widely applied in the identification of germline mutations underlying Mendelian disorders, somatic mutations in various cancers and de novo mutations in neurodevelopmental disorders. Since whole-exome sequencing focuses upon the entire set of exons in the genome (the exome), it requires additional exome-enrichment steps compared with whole-genome sequencing. Although the availability of multiple commercial exome-enrichment kits has made whole-exome sequencing technically feasible, it has also added to the overall cost. This has led to the emergence of transcriptome (or RNA) sequencing as a potential alternative approach to variant detection within protein coding regions, since the transcriptome of a given tissue represents a quasi-complete set of transcribed genes (mRNAs) and other noncoding RNAs. A further advantage of this approach is that it bypasses the need for exome enrichment. Here we discuss the relative merits and limitations of these approaches as they are applied in the context of variant detection within gene coding regions.
Bcr-Abl ubiquitination and Usp9x inhibition block kinase signaling and promote CML cell apoptosis (2011)

Although chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is effectively controlled by Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors, resistance to inhibitors, progressive disease, and incomplete eradication of Bcr-Abl-expressing cells are concerns for the long-term control and suppression of this disease. We describe a novel approach to targeting key proteins in CML cells with a ubiquitin-cycle inhibitor, WP1130. Bcr-Abl is rapidly modified with K63-linked ubiquitin polymers in WP1130-treated CML cells, resulting in its accumulation in aggresomes, where is it unable to conduct signal transduction. Induction of apoptosis because of aggresomal compartmentalization of Bcr-Abl was observed in both imatinib-sensitive and -resistant cells. WP1130, but not Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors, directly inhibits Usp9x deubiquitinase activity, resulting in the down-regulation of the prosurvival protein Mcl-1 and facilitating apoptosis. These results demonstrate that ubiquitin-cycle inhibition represents a novel and effective approach to blocking Bcr-Abl kinase signaling and reducing Mcl-1 levels to engage CML cell apoptosis. This approach may be a therapeutic option for kinase inhibitor-resistant CML patients.
Development of a high-throughput crystal structure-determination platform for JAK1 using a novel metal-chelator soaking system (2016)

Crystals of phosphorylated JAK1 kinase domain were initially generated in complex with nucleotide (ADP) and magnesium. The tightly bound Mg<sup>2+</sup>-ADP at the ATP-binding site proved recalcitrant to ligand displacement. Addition of a molar excess of EDTA helped to dislodge the divalent metal ion, promoting the release of ADP and allowing facile exchange with ATP-competitive small-molecule ligands. Many kinases require the presence of a stabilizing ligand in the ATP site for crystallization. This procedure could be useful for developing co-crystallization systems with an exchangeable ligand to enable structure-based drug design of other protein kinases.
A frustrated Cope rearrangement: thermal interconversion of 2,6-diphenylhepta-1,6-diene and 1,5-diphenylbicyclo[3.2.0]heptane (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA frustrated Cope rearrangement: thermal interconversion of 2,6-diphenylhepta-1,6-diene and 1,5-diphenylbicyclo[3.2.0]heptaneWolfgang R. Roth, Hans Werner Lennartz, W. v. E. Doering, Ludmila Birladeanu, Catherine A. Guyton, and Toshikazu KitagawaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5, 1722–1732Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00161a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effect of oral N‐acetyl cysteine on recurrent preterm labor following treatment for bacterial vaginosis (2008)

Oral NAC was found to reduce the recurrence of preterm birth in patients with bacterial vaginosis.
Endocrinology: Long-term medical therapy for leiomyomata uteri: a prospective, randomized study of leuprolide acetate depot plus either oestrogen—progestin or progestin ‘add-back’ for 2 years (1994)

Treatment of women with leiomyomata with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) for > 6 months is not recommended because of concerns regarding adverse sequelae of prolonged hypoestrogenism. It has been postulated that addition of low-dose sex steroids to GnRHa treatment, i.e. 'add-back' therapy, may avert some of these adverse effects (accelerated bone resorption, vasomotor flushes) without altering the efficacy of GnRHa therapy. To evaluate the effects of long-term GnRHa therapy on uterine size, bleeding patterns, bone mass and lipids, 51 pre-menopausal women with leiomyomata were treated with the GnRHa leuprolide acetate depot, 3.75 mg every 4 weeks for 2 years. After 3 months of leuprolide therapy, the women were randomized to receive either low-dose continuous oestropipate, 0.75 mg daily, plus cyclic norethindrone, 0.7 mg on days 1-14 each month (the oestrogen-progestin add-back group) or higher-dose norethindrone, 10 mg daily (the progestin add-back group), for the remaining 21 months. Mean uterine volume decreased by 40% in both treatment groups during the first 3 months on leuprolide treatment. There was no significant change in uterine size following oestrogen-progestin add-back. However, mean uterine volume in the progestin add-back group increased to 87% of pre-treatment size by treatment month 12 and 95% of pre-treatment size by treatment month 24. Mean bone density of the lumbar spine as measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry decreased significantly by 2.6% during the first 3 months in all patients, but did not change significantly following steroid add-back in both treatment groups during the final 21 treatment months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human Cytomegalovirus TR Strain Glycoprotein O Acts as a Chaperone Promoting gH/gL Incorporation into Virions but Is Not Present in Virions (2009)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) produces the following two gH/gL complexes: gH/gL/gO and gH/gL/UL128-131. Entry into epithelial and endothelial cells requires gH/gL/UL128-131, and we have provided evidence that gH/gL/UL128-131 binds saturable epithelial cell receptors to mediate entry. HCMV does not require gH/gL/UL128-131 to enter fibroblasts, and laboratory adaptation to fibroblasts results in mutations in the UL128-131 genes, abolishing infection of epithelial and endothelial cells. HCMV gO-null mutants produce very small plaques on fibroblasts yet can spread on endothelial cells. Thus, one prevailing model suggests that gH/gL/gO mediates infection of fibroblasts, while gH/gL/UL128-131 mediates entry into epithelial/endothelial cells. Most biochemical studies of gO have involved the HCMV lab strain AD169, which does not assemble gH/gL/UL128-131 complexes. We examined gO produced by the low-passage clinical HCMV strain TR. Surprisingly, TR gO was not detected in purified extracellular virus particles. In TR-infected cells, gO remained sensitive to endoglycosidase H, suggesting that the protein was not exported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, TR gO interacted with gH/gL in the ER and promoted export of gH/gL from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. Pulse-chase experiments showed that a fraction of gO remained bound to gH/gL for relatively long periods, but gO eventually dissociated or was degraded and was not found in extracellular virions or secreted from cells. The accompanying report by P. T. Wille et al. (J. Virol., 84:2585-2596, 2010) showed that a TR gO-null mutant failed to incorporate gH/gL into virions and that the mutant was unable to enter fibroblasts and epithelial and endothelial cells. We concluded that gO acts as a molecular chaperone, increasing gH/gL ER export and incorporation into virions. It appears that gO competes with UL128-131 for binding onto gH/gL but is released from gH/gL, so that gH/gL (lacking UL128-131) is incorporated into virions. Thus, our revised model suggests that both gH/gL and gH/gL/UL128-131 are required for entry into epithelial and endothelial cells.
Anti‐tumour immunotherapy with Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes: from the bench to the bedside (2012)

Summary Gamma delta (γδ) Τ cells are non‐conventional T lymphocyte effectors that can interact with and eradicate tumour cells. Several data demonstrate that these T cells, which are implicated in the first line of defence against pathogens, have anti‐tumour activity against many cancers and suggest that γδ Τ cell‐mediated immunotherapy is feasible and might induce objective tumour responses. Due to the importance of γδ Τ lymphocytes in the induction and control of immunity, a complete understanding of their biology is crucial for the development of a potent cancer immunotherapy. This review discusses recent advances in γδ Τ basic research and data from clinical trials on the use of γδ Τ cells in the treatment of different cancers. It analyses how this knowledge might be applied to develop new strategies for the clinical manipulation and the potentiation of γδ Τ lymphocyte activity in cancer immunotherapy.
Hematopoietic Growth Factors Activate the Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Distinct Sets of Proteins in Interleukin-3-Dependent Murine Cell Lines (1988)

By immunoblotting with antibodies for phosphotyrosine, we have demonstrated that the hematopoietic growth factors interleukin-2, interleukin-3, interleukin-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of specific sets of proteins in murine hematopoietic progenitor cell lines. The stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation is a receptor-dependent transient event. The effect of these hematopoietic growth factors on protein tyrosine phosphorylation was not mediated through protein kinase C.
Stimulated Raman scattering in silicon waveguides (2002)

The use of the Raman effect in silicon to create optical amplification in silicon-on-insulator waveguides is investigated. The analysis shows that when using stimulated Raman scattering, it is possible to achieve up to 10 dB of signal gain in optically pumped silicon waveguides with lengths &lt;2 cm.
On the calibration of a vectorial 4He pumped magnetometer (2014)

The prototype of a 4He pumped vector magnetometer is presented. Large auxiliary coils systems used in previously developed apparatus to allow vector measurements from a scalar (atomic or nuclear resonance) sensor are replaced by a light triaxial modulation system associated with advanced techniques of signal processing. The performances of the helium scalar sensor are first briefly recalled; then the principle of the vector measurement, obtained by adding three (approximately) orthogonal modulations of different frequencies (all of the order of 10 Hz) is explained. Afterwards a second part of the paper is devoted to the calibration process, and a first estimate of the performances of the vector magnetometer is obtained. They confirm that this instrument could be a good candidate for an automatic absolute magnetic observatory: after the calibration process completion and a proper installation, it would provide by itself the absolute value of three orthogonal components of the field. In addition to that, the 4He vector magnetometer appears to be also promising for space applications.
Analysing botanical collecting effort in Amazonia and correcting for it in species range estimation (2007)

Abstract Aim The aim of this study is to analyse the distribution pattern of the botanical collecting effort in Amazonia so that it can be accounted for when interpreting phytogeographical patterns such as inferred species ranges. We also develop a mechanistic and transparent method for taking into account the bias in collecting effort when estimating likelihoods of species occurrences. Location Amazonia, Neotropics. Methods We utilized electronic data sets of georeferenced herbarium collections (1,063,530 in total). We plotted collecting localities (68,246 in total) on maps overlaid with 1° and 0.5° square grids, and analysed collecting effort using a geographical information system (GIS). We also drew a map of Thiessen polygons, using collecting localities as polygon centres, to visualize collecting density in a scale‐independent way. We then created a ‘collecting activity landscape’ in which well‐collected areas appear as peaks and poorly studied areas as valleys. We demonstrate how this surface can be utilized when estimating species distributions. Results The data available to us confirm that botanical collecting activity is still severely biased in Amazonia. The uncollected area represents 43% of the total area of Amazonia, while another 28% is poorly collected and only 2% can be considered relatively well collected. The Thiessen polygon network represents an improvement in the presentation of collecting intensity compared with square grids. Main conclusions The maps of botanical collecting effort in the Neotropics should be used for visually correcting phytogeographical interpretations. With the help of GIS applications the observed spatial bias in collecting effort can be utilized in estimating the likelihood of occurrence of species in a repeatable manner. These estimates, in turn, can be used for various purposes in basic and applied science as well as in decision‐making. The biased collecting effort should, in the long run, be corrected by further field work in unexplored areas, which can be identified with the maps presented here.
Cell Permeability Studies of AApeptides and Novel Molecular Probes for AD (2016)

Alzheimer's diseases(AD) has been discovered and under research for more than 70 years, However there is no cure for these progressive and devastating diseases. Based on the following hypothsis: Aß metabolite problem/over production result in the accumulation, and lead to aggregation is the cause of Alzheimer’s disease. AApeptide and Melatonin derivatives can bind to Aß and block the aggregation of β amyloid monomers, decrease the toxicity of Aß to neurons and slow the progressive of Alzheimer’s diseases. In addition, AApeptide which mimic transmembrane peptide Tat will have similar transmembrane function. We have set up our goals as follows: 1) Using newly discovered peptidomimetics, AApeptides. We moved on to research to discover their potential of transmembrane activity and anti-Alzheimer's acitiviy. 2) In Addition, studies of small molecule melatonin derivatives were also progressed. Methods include in this research includes bioorganic synthesis, identification of spectroscopy and relative assays targeting on biological efficiency of Anti-Alzheimer’s diseases. The details of which will be described in Chapters. In conclusions, two sets of transmembrane peptidomimetics for drug transportation has been successfully evaluated and potential of AA peptide small molecules, melatonin derivativesare also evaluated. These works have gained good progress in research between AApeptide and Alzheimer’s Diseases. These works also established basis of research in developing peptidomimimetics as potential pharmacies against Alzheimer’s diseases.
Relationship of the structure and biological activity of the natural homologues of tunicamycin. (1982)

The antibiotic tunicamycin was separated into 16 different components using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The effect of the eight major tunicamycin homologues on protein glycosylation and protein biosynthesis was examined. All homologues tested inhibited lipid-mediated protein glycosylation in chick or mouse fibroblasts. These homologues also inhibited the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to dolichyl phosphate in chick liver microsome preparations, whereas the transfer of mannose from GDP-mannose to the lipid acceptor was hardly affected. The inhibition of protein glycosylation in fibroblasts or in microsomal preparations was concentration-dependent and maximum inhibition occurred at different concentrations for different homologues. The eight homologues differed in their ability to cause inhibition of protein synthesis.