gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae checkpoint gene BUB1 encodes a novel protein kinase. (1994)

Normal cell multiplication requires that the events of mitosis occur in a carefully ordered fashion. Cells employ checkpoints to prevent cycle progression until some prerequisite step has been completed. To explore the mechanisms of checkpoint enforcement, we previously screened for mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which are unable to recover from a transient treatment with a benzimidazole-related microtubule inhibitor because they fail to inhibit subsequent cell cycle steps. Two of the identified genes, BUB2 and BUB3, have been cloned and described (M. A. Hoyt, L. Totis, and B. T. Roberts, Cell 66:507-517, 1991). Here we present the characterization of the BUB1 gene and its product. Genetic evidence was obtained suggesting that Bub1 and Bub3 are mutually dependent for function, and immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a physical association between the two. Sequence analysis of BUB1 revealed a domain with similarity to protein kinases. In vitro experiments confirmed that Bub1 possesses kinase activity; Bub1 was able to autophosphorylate and to catalyze phosphorylation of Bub3. In addition, overproduced Bub1 was found to localize to the cell nucleus.
Analysis of residual interference after MSE linear equalization of multitone spread spectrum signals (2002)

The combination of multitone modulation with direct sequence spectrum spreading has been introduced by Vandendorpe (see IEEE International Zurich Seminar, p.440-451, 1994). The performance of a correlation receiver has been evaluated for a multipath channel. The analysis has been extended to the presence of a multiple access interference. We analyze the equalization problem of such a system. In order to understand the potential of the system we first investigate the steady-state behavior of the MIMO equalizer for an MMSE design. The investigation is carried out for an equalizer following a receiver made of a bank of filters matched to both the symbol shape and the channel, which is a two path channel. Assuming BPSK symbols an exact expression of the bit error probability before and after equalization is obtained in the form of an integral by means of the characteristic function method.
Derivation of androgen‐independent human LNCaP prostatic cancer cell sublines: Role of bone stromal cells (1994)

A model of human prostate cancer was established to study cellular interaction between prostate cancer and bone stroma in vivo. In this model, subcutaneous co-injection of 2 non-tumorigenic human cell lines--LNCaP, a prostate cancer cell line, and MS, a bone stromal cell-line--into intact adult male mice resulted in formation of carcinomas that secreted prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a clinically useful human serum prostate cancer marker. In castrated hosts, upon cellular interaction with bone fibroblasts, we observed the progression of these tumors from an androgen-dependent (AD) to an androgen-independent state (AI). We derived 4 LNCaP cell sublines from the chimeric LNCaP/MS tumors: the M subline from intact hosts and the C4, C4-2 and C5 sublines from castrated hosts. The LNCaP sublines had chromosomal markers similar to those of the parental LNCaP cells and distinctly different from those of the MS bone stromal cell line. Although the parental and derived cell lines expressed similar steady-state levels of ornithine decarboxylase transcript, the sublines expressed 5- to 10-fold higher basal steady-state levels of PSA transcript than did the parental LNCaP cell line. The LNCaP sublines formed 13- to 26-fold more soft-agar colonies than the parental LNCaP cell line. The sublines became tumorigenic, yielding an incidence of tumors in intact athymic mice of 7-75%. The LNCaP sublines C4 and C5 (but not the parental and M cell line) formed tumors in castrated hosts when co-injected with bone fibroblasts. A second-generation LNCaP subline, C4-2, was derived from a chimeric tumor induced by co-inoculating castrated mouse with C4 cells and MS cells. We found that C4-2 subline was tumorigenic when inoculated into castrated hosts in the absence of inductive fibroblasts. Moreover, C4-2 was the only subline capable of forming soft-agar colonies when cultured in serum-free medium. In comparison with the parental LNCaP cells, the C4-2 subline expressed lower steady-state levels of androgen receptor (AR) protein and mRNA transcript and lost its androgen responsiveness in vitro. Our results suggest that certain genetic traits of prostate cancer cells may be selected or altered through an "adaptive" mechanism that involves cellular interaction with the bone stromal cells.
Individual contribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu) 2 and 3 to c-Fos expression pattern evoked by mGlu2/3 antagonism (2008)

In conclusion, our data indicate that group II mGlu blockade increases neuronal activation in a variety of brain areas, including many stress- and anxiety-related areas. The activation of two key brain areas, the CeM and LS, is mediated via mGlu3, while activation in the LPB involves both subtypes. Moreover, in the majority of investigated areas, LY341495-mediated neuronal activation appears to require a complex cross talk between group II mGlu subtypes or the action of LY341495 on additional receptors.
Increased serum nitrite and nitrate concentrations in children with the sepsis syndrome (1995)

Children with the sepsis syndrome, particularly those patients with hypotension, have increased total serum nitrite and nitrate concentrations that likely reflect increased endogenous production of nitric oxide. Vascular hyporesponsiveness to norepinephrine during the sepsis syndrome may be, in part, a nitric oxide-mediated process.
Microelectrode Biosensor for Real-Time Measurement of ATP in Biological Tissue (2005)

The purines ATP, ADP, and adenosine are important extracellular signaling agents. Analysis of purinergic signaling has been slowed by lack of direct methods for measurement of purine release in real-time during physiological activity. We have previously reported microelectrode biosensors for adenosine, but similar sensors for ATP have remained elusive. We now describe an ATP biosensor formed by coating a Pt microelectrode with an ultrathin biolayer containing glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase. It responds rapidly (10-90% rise time <10 s) and exhibits a linear response to ATP over the physiologically relevant concentrations of 200 nM-50 microM and is very sensitive approximately 250 mA.M(-1).cm(-2). By including phosphocreatine kinase in the biolayer, we can optionally amplify the ATP signal and also make the sensor sensitive to external ADP. We have used our sensors to make the first demonstration that ATP is released from spinal networks in vivo during locomotor activity.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2000)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the progressive development of airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.1 The term COPD encompasses chronic obstructive bronchitis, with obstruction of small airways, and emphysema, with enlargement of air spaces and destruction of lung parenchyma, loss of lung elasticity, and closure of small airways. Chronic bronchitis, by contrast, is defined by the presence of a productive cough of more than three months' duration for more than two successive years. The cough is due to hypersecretion of mucus and is not necessarily accompanied by airflow limitation. However, there is some epidemiologic evidence that . . .
Electrophysiological Actions of Peripheral Hormones on Melanocortin Neurons (2003)

Neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) appear to be sites of convergence of central and peripheral signals of energy stores, and profoundly modulate the activity of the melanocortin circuits, providing a strong rationale for pursuing these circuits as therapeutic targets for disorders of energy homeostasis. Recently, tremendous advances have been made in identifying genes and pathways important to regulating energy homeostasis, particularly the hormone leptin and its receptor. This hormone/receptor pair is expressed at high levels in the so-called satiety centers in the hypothalamus, and at lower levels elsewhere in the body. Recent studies in our lab and those of our collaborators have shown that leptin modulates different populations of hypothalamic cells in different ways, rapidly activating POMC neurons and inhibiting NPY/AgRP neurons. In this report, we outline an integrated model of leptin's action in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, derived from our electrophysiological studies of brain slice preparations taken from transgenic mice that have been bred to express a variety of fluorescent proteins in specific cell types. We also discuss the recently withdrawn obesity drug fenfluramine, which appears to act on POMC neurons via the serotonin 2C receptor. Nutrient-sensing serotonin neurons may project from the raphe nuclei in the brainstem to the hypothalamus; within the arcuate nucleus, serotonin signals are integrated with others such as leptin, ghrelin, and peptide YY(3-36) from the gut, to produce a coordinated response to nutrient state. Finally, we review the current inquiries into the ability of the hormone ghrelin to stimulate appetite by its action of NPY neurons and inhibition of POMC neurons.
Introduction Organic Photochemistry (1986)

What is Organic Photochemistry? Photochemistry of Alkenes and Related Compounds. Photochemistry of Aromatic Compounds. Photochemistry of Organic Carbonyl Compounds. Photochemistry of Other Organic Compounds. Index.
Single-Stranded Breaks in DNA but Not Oxidative DNA Base Damages Block Transcriptional Elongation by RNA Polymerase II in HeLa Cell Nuclear Extracts (2004)

Transcription and repair of many DNA helix-distorting lesions such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers have been shown to be coupled in cells across phyla from bacteria to humans. The signal for transcription-coupled repair appears to be a stalled transcription complex at the lesion site. To determine whether oxidative DNA lesions can block correctly initiated human RNA polymerase II, we examined the effect of site-specifically introduced oxidative damages on transcription in HeLa cell nuclear extracts. We found that transcription was blocked by single-stranded breaks, common oxidative DNA lesions, when present in the transcribed strand of the transcription template. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, which have been previously shown to block transcription both in vitro and in vivo, also blocked transcription in the HeLa cell nuclear transcription assay. In contrast, the oxidative DNA base lesions, 8-oxoguanine, 5-hydroxycytosine, and thymine glycol did not inhibit transcription, although pausing was observed with the thymine glycol lesion. Thus, DNA strand breaks but not oxidative DNA base damages blocked transcription by RNA polymerase II.
Steroid signaling in plants and insects—common themes, different pathways (2002)

Outside of mammals, two model systems have been the focus of intensive genetic studies aimed at defining the molecular mechanisms of steroid hormone action—the flowering plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Studies in Arabidopsis have benefited from a detailed description of the brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthetic pathway, allowing the effects of mutations to be linked to specific enzymatic steps. More recently, the signaling cascade that functions downstream from BR production has been defined, revealing for the first time how the hormone can exert its effects on gene expression through a cell surface receptor and phosphorylation cascade. In contrast, studies of steroid hormone action in Drosophila began in the nucleus, with a detailed description of the transcription puffs activated by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in the giant polytene chromosomes. Subsequent genetic studies have revealed that these effects are exerted through nuclear receptors, much like mammalian hormone signaling. Most recently, genetic studies have begun to elucidate the ecdysteroid biosynthetic pathway which, until recently, remained largely undefined. Our current understanding of steroid hormone signaling in Arabidopsis and Drosophila provides a number of intriguing parallels as well as distinct differences. At least some of these differences, however, appear to be due to deficiencies in our understanding of these pathways. Below we discuss recent breakthroughs in defining the molecular mechanisms of BR biosynthesis and signaling in plants, and we compare and contrast this pathway with what is known about the mechanisms of ecdysteroid action in Drosophila. We raise some current questions in these fields, the answers to which may reveal other similarities in steroid signaling in plants and animals.
Design of Microstrip Linear Array Antennas by Computer. (1982)

Abstract : Today, computer aided design codes can be developed to help antenna engineers in their design of linear or planar array microstrip antennas. This report describes one such code that was developed by using both empirical data and a theoretical model. One major feature of this code is that it allows the designer to vary any one or more of the antenna design parameters and to observe the results, such as changes in the radiation pattern or amplitude distribution displayed at the computer terminal screen. This application provides the tool required by the engineer to determine in a matter of seconds the prime factors affecting his design and to make parametric adjustments or sensitivity studies to help understand and develop his final product. Once a design is established, the engineer is presented with a set of coordinate numbers that can be placed on magnetic or paper tape, which can then be used to fabricate the antenna on printed circuit board without the need for drawings or art-layout work and thus simplify the engineering process and reduce the time spent.
The Innate Immune Receptor NLRX1 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Reducing Colon Tumorigenesis and Key Tumor-Promoting Signals (2020)

NOD-like receptor (NLR) proteins are intracellular innate immune sensors/receptors that regulate immunity. This work shows that NLRX1 serves as a tumor suppressor in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and sporadic colon cancer by keeping key tumor promoting pathways in check. Nlrx1(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to CAC, showing increases in key cancer-promoting pathways including nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The tumor-suppressive function of NLRX1 originated primarily from the non-hematopoietic compartment. This prompted an analysis of NLRX1 function in the Apc(min/+) genetic model of sporadic gastrointestinal cancer. NLRX1 attenuated Apc(min/+) colon tumorigenesis, cellular proliferation, NF-κB, MAPK, STAT3 activation, and IL-6 levels. Application of anti-interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) antibody therapy reduced tumor burden, increased survival, and reduced STAT3 activation in Nlrx1(-/-)Apc(min/+) mice. As an important clinical correlate, human colon cancer samples expressed lower levels of NLRX1 than healthy controls in multiple patient cohorts. These data implicate anti-IL6R as a potential personalized therapy for colon cancers with reduced NLRX1.
Gaze control using human eye movements (2002)

In this paper, we propose a visual servoing of the orientation of a camera mounted on a robot, using human eye movements. The study aims at the remote survey of sensitive sites or the intervention in contaminated nuclear sites. Visual data stemmed from an eye-tracker, providing the direction of the look of an operator, is generally noisy and sometimes inconsistent. Filtering, smoothing and stabilizing these eye tracker data are thus necessary in order to move the camera in the direction specified by the operator's eye. The visual servoing control scheme, as well as experimental results, are also presented.
Clonal expansions of CD4 + B helper T cells in autoimmune myasthenia gravis (2007)

The weakness in myasthenia gravis (MG) is mediated by T helper cell (Th)-dependent autoantibodies against neuromuscular epitopes. So far, analyzing Th phenotypes or antigen specificities has yielded very few clues to pathogenesis. Here we adopt an alternative antigen-independent approach, analyzing T cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta usage/expansions in blood from 118 MG patients. We found major expansions (>or= five standard deviations above the mean of 118 healthy, individually age- and sex-matched controls) in diverse Vbeta in 21 patients (17.6%, p<0.001) among CD4+ T cells, and in 45 patients (38.1%, p<0.001) among CD8+ T cells. In informative probands, the expanded CD4+ cells consistently showed a Th cell phenotype (CD57+CXCR5+) and expressed Th1 cytokines. Furthermore, their expression of markers for activation, lymphocyte trafficking and B cell-activating ability persisted for >or=3 years. Surprisingly, we noted a selective decline in the expansions/their CD57 positivity while the probands' MG was improving. CDR3 spectratyping suggested mono- or oligoclonal origins, which were confirmed by the prevalent TCR Vbeta CDR3 sequences of Th cells cloned from repeat bleeds. Thus, our data provide evidence for persistent clonally expanded CD4+ B helper T cell populations in the blood of MG patients. These unexpected CD4+ expansions might hold valuable clues to MG immunopathogenesis.
A 900-MHz/1.8-GHz CMOS transmitter for dual-band applications (1999)

The design of a radio-frequency transmitter that can operate in two bands while employing a minimal number of external components entails many challenges at both the architecture and the circuit levels. This paper describes the design of a 900-MHz/1.8-GHz transmitter implemented in CMOS technology for dual-band applications. Configured as a two-step architecture, the circuit generates the first upconverted signal in quadrature form and subsequently performs single-sideband modulation to produce the output in two bands. Fabricated in a 0.6-/spl mu/m digital CMOS technology, the transmitter exhibits unwanted spurs 40 dB below the carrier while drawing 75 mW from a 3-V supply.
In vivo-in vitro correlations with a commercial dissolution simulator. Studies on the H2 receptor antagonist mifentidine. (1996)

The dissolution profile of mifentidine (CAS 83184-43-4), which is used as an antagonist of histamine at H2 receptors, was determined using a dissolution simulator. The use of an absorption simulator, which is designed to provide an estimate of the optimum sampling scheme for the dissolution simulator, provides useful data for this purpose. Various in vivo-in vitro correlations for mifentidine were examined and were found to be good.
Providing Telephone Line Access to a Packet Voice Network (1983)

Abstract : Research in the area of packet voice over the past ten years has proven the value of packet technology for voice transmission. Continuing research in this area has led to the development of a packet satellite network for use as a testbed for packet voice telephone services. In order to allow a wide range of users to participate in the testing of this technology, ISI has developed the Switched Telephone Network Interface card to allow interconnection between the packet network and the commercial telephone system. This report describes the design of this device and the discusses the techniques used to implement functions such as sound/silence detection, echo suppression, and dialing.
Polyphase Nonlinear Equalization of Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters (2009)

As the demand for higher data rates increases, commercial analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are more commonly being implemented with multiple on-chip converters whose outputs are time-interleaved. The distortion generated by time-interleaved ADCs is now not only a function of the nonlinear behavior of the constituent circuitry, but also mismatches associated with interleaving multiple output streams. To mitigate distortion generated by time-interleaved ADCs, we have developed a polyphase NonLinear EQualizer (pNLEQ) which is capable of simultaneously mitigating distortion generated by both the on-chip circuitry and mismatches due to time interleaving. In this paper, we describe the pNLEQ architecture and present measurements of its performance.
On understanding types, data abstraction, and polymorphism (1985)

Our objective is to understand the notion of type in programming languages, present a model of typed, polymorphic programming languages that reflects recent research in type theory, and examine the relevance of recent research to the design of practical programming languages. Object-oriented languages provide both a framework and a motivation for exploring the interaction among the concepts of type, data abstraction, and polymorphism, since they extend the notion of type to data abstraction and since type inheritance is an important form of polymorphism. We develop a λ-calculus-based model for type systems that allows us to explore these interactions in a simple setting, unencumbered by complexities of production programming languages. The evolution of languages from untyped universes to monomorphic and then polymorphic type systems is reviewed. Mechanisms for polymorphism such as overloading, coercion, subtyping, and parameterization are examined. A unifying framework for polymorphic type systems is developed in terms of the typed λ-calculus augmented to include binding of types by quantification as well as binding of values by abstraction. The typed λ-calculus is augmented by universal quantification to model generic functions with type parameters, existential quantification and packaging (information hiding) to model abstract data types, and bounded quantification to model subtypes and type inheritance. In this way we obtain a simple and precise characterization of a powerful type system that includes abstract data types, parametric polymorphism, and multiple inheritance in a single consistent framework. The mechanisms for type checking for the augmented λ-calculus are discussed. The augmented typed λ-calculus is used as a programming language for a variety of illustrative examples. We christen this language Fun because fun instead of λ is the functional abstraction keyword and because it is pleasant to deal with. Fun is mathematically simple and can serve as a basis for the design and implementation of real programming languages with type facilities that are more powerful and expressive than those of existing programming languages. In particular, it provides a basis for the design of strongly typed object-oriented languages.
Enhancement of radiosensitivity of wild-type p53 human glioma cells by adenovirus-mediated delivery of the p53 gene (1998)

These data indicate that adenovirus-mediated delivery of p53 may enhance the radioresponse of brain tumor cells containing wild-type p53 and that this radiosensitization may involve converting from a clonogenic to the more sensitive apoptotic form of cell death. Although the mechanism underlying this enhanced apoptotic susceptibility is unknown, the AdSCMV-p53-infected cells have a higher level of p53 protein, which increases further after irradiation, and this exogenous p53 is transcriptionally active. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATE