gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control and Analysis of a Single-Link Flexible Beam with Experimental Verification (1992)

The objective of this report is to ascertain the general conditions for the avoidance and reduction of residual vibration in a flexible manipulator. Conventional manipulators usually have a 1.5 to 2-m reach, and their associated dynamic models typically are composed of lumped parameter elements; the major compliance emanates from the, drive trains because of torsional loading effects. The energy storage of the drive system is predominantly potential energy because of the low inertia in the drive tram; thus simple spring models have been adequate. A long-reach manipulator with a large aspect ratio (length to diameter) is a fundamentally different problem. Energy storage for this type of manipulator is distributive by nature because of the potential energy resulting from bending and the kinetic energy due to deflection rates. Instead of ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations are required to describe this system, making the analysis more difficult. The general flexibility problem associated with a distributive dynamic system, with specific emphasis on flexible manipulator, will be addressed in this report. Furthermore, three control schemes will be discussed and demonstrated on, a single flexible manipulator to determine their general merits.
Top 11 technologies of the decade (2011)

Life was different a decade ago. Your phone couldn't contain your entire music collection, for example, or guide you to a restaurant in a foreign city. Bomber-reconnaissance planes invariably had pilots on board. And how's this for quaint: Your corner drugstore still stocked photographic film! The technology waves that washed away those realities spread from tremors that occurred years before: The first smartphone was unveiled by IBM in 1993, the first digital photo was taken in 1975, and the first drone aircraft flew during World War II. Clearly, the seeds of the next crop of technology staples have already been planted. Perhaps the first tender shoots can already be discerned among the pages of this issue.
Epitope Mapping of Protein Antigens by Competition ELISA (1996)

At their most elaborate, epitope mapping techniques can provide detailed information on the amino acid residues in a protein antigen which are in direct contact with the antibody-binding site. For immunoassay purposes, however, it is often more important to know whether one antibody interferes with the binding of a second antibody against the same antigen or whether both antibodies can bind without mutual competition. Antibodies in the latter category must recognize different epitopes and are useful for two-site assays in which one antibody is used to capture the antigen from a complex mixture (e.g., plasma or tissue extracts), while a second is used to detect the captured antigen. Antibodies that do compete with each other probably recognize the same epitope or a very near neighbor (), but the possibility that they bind to widely separated epitopes and compete by altering the conformation of the antigen must always be considered. Epitope mapping is usually performed with monoclonal antibodies (MAb), since polyclonal antisera are usually directed against a number of different epitopes and results could be difficult to interpret.
Estimating Creatinine Clearance in Morbidly Obese Patients (1981)

Estimates of creatinine clearance (Clcr), using five methods, were compared to measured Clcr in morbidity obese patients. Patients whose total body weight (TBW) was greater than or equal to 195% of their ideal body weight (IBW) and who had urinary Clcr measured with 24-hour urine collections were studied. The 12 men weighed an average of 180 kg; the 31 women averaged 138 kg. The methods studied considered a combination of the following factors: weight, age, sex, and serum creatinine. One method was a nomogram; TBW could not be used because of limitations of the nomogram. Both TBW and IBW were used in two methods that considered weight as a variable. Measured Clcr averaged 105.7 ml/min/1.73 sq m body surface area. All estimating methods using IBW significantly underestimated Clcr; all methods using TBW significantly overestimated Clcr. Two methods that did not include body weight as a variable predicted Clcr more accurately than did other methods, but there was still a significant difference between estimated and measured Clcr. None of the Clcr estimation methods is accurate in morbidly obese patients.
In vitro production of cfu‐s and cells with erythropoiesis repopulating ability by 5‐fluorouracil treated mouse bone marrow (1983)

Mouse bone marrow, obtained from donors three days after treatment with 5-fluorouracil, had a very low ability to form macroscopic spleen colonies in irradiated mice at 10 days after transplantation of the cells (CFU-S10); such marrow also had no detectable erythropoiesis repopulating ability but did have near normal marrow repopulating ability and spleen megakaryocyte repopulating ability. Incubation of this marrow in vitro for 7 days with medium containing growth factor preparations (a) pregnant mouse uterus extract plus human spleen conditioned medium or (b) mouse spleen conditioned medium, resulted in marked increases in CFU-S10 and in cells with erythropoietic repopulating ability together with maintenance of cells with marrow repopulating ability. These responses were not observed in cultures with control medium alone. Spleen megakaryocyte repopulating ability was also maintained in the presence of the factor preparations.
Whole exome sequencing of circulating cell-free tumor DNA in a follicular thyroid carcinoma patient with lung and bone metastases (2018)

Abstract non disponibile
Circulating lymphocyte populations and autoantibodies in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice: a longitudinal study. (1987)

Several previous observations indicate a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. In order to assess the status of the immune system in this model of spontaneous diabetes we studied the phenotype of circulating lymphocytes and the humoral autoimmunity to islet cells in non-diabetic NOD mice at various ages. Lymphocyte numbers were low in young NOD mice (age less than 160 days) as compared with other strains of mice and increased later to reach values in or above the range of controls. The percentages of circulating T lymphocytes and their L3T4+ and Lyt2+ subsets were higher in NOD mice of all ages and both sexes than in controls; however, no imbalance of the L3T4+ and Lyt2+ subpopulations was found. Anti-insulin autoantibodies were detected by an ELISA assay in all the NOD mice studied throughout the entire period of observation. Autoantibodies reacting with the cytoplasm of islet cells in Bouin's fixed pancreas sections, likely to be anti-insulin antibodies, were found in 47 to 58% of the samples from NOD mice aged 75 to 150 days. Antibodies to surface antigens of rat insulinoma cells were virtually absent in young NOD mice (75-100 days) and appeared in 33 to 43% of the samples from 150 to 185 days old NOD mice. The autoantibodies and the quantitative lymphocyte abnormalities reported here, although not predictive of the appearance of overt diabetes, are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and therefore may indicate directions for future investigations.
Spectrally Resolved Transmission Loss in Gamma Irradiated Yb-Doped Optical Fibers (2008)

Yb <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> -doped silicate fibers are commonly employed in optical systems utilizing fiber lasers and amplifiers. Deployment of such materials and systems in space-based and other adverse radiation environments requires knowledge of their response to fluxes of ionizing radiation. This paper reports the results of gamma radiation exposures on a suite of passive, modern, highly Yb <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> -doped aluminosilicate fibers. Of interest are the effects of total dose and dose rate as well as the development of radiation-induced absorption across a broad spectral window (1.0-1.7 mum). Results indicate that these fibers exhibit reasonable radiation resistance to gamma exposures typical of a five-year low-Earth-orbit environment. Maximum transmittance losses of less than 10% in the 1.0-1.7-mum spectral region for total gamma exposures of 2-5 krad (Si) were observed. In addition, it was found that the dependence of transmittance on radiation dose generally followed a power law that was dependent on dose rate.
Microwave Techniques in the Synthesis and Modification of Zeolite Catalysts. A Review (1998)

Microwave dielectric heating is a convenient and effective way of bringing about chemical reactions in suitable (usually polar) media. Microwave-mediated organic synthesis has been the subject of considerable research and microwave heating is being increasingly applied to the synthesis and modification of zeolites and related microporous and mesoporous catalysts. The observed rate enhancements are caused by a variety of thermal effects, including very high rates of temperature rise, bulk superheating and (in non-homogeneous systems) differential heating. Specific, non-thermal activation is unlikely and can usually be excluded. The microwave synthesis of zeolites, zeotypes and mesoporous materials is reviewed, with emphasis on those aspects which differ from conventional thermal methods. Such standard methods are not displaced by microwave techniques and may in some instances be preferable. However, microwave synthesis does offer a high probability of rapid (and in some cases selective) reaction to give a pure product of good crystal quality. Non-synthetic applications of microwave heating in zeolite catalysis are also briefly described. A review with 118 references.
A β-Helical Antifreeze Protein Isoform with Increased Activity (2002)

The insect spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana)(Cf) produces a number of isoforms of its highly active antifreeze protein (CfAFP). Although most of the CfAFP isoforms are in the 9-kDa range, isoforms containing a 30- or 31-amino acid insertion have also been identified. Here we describe the functional and structural analysis of a selected long isoform, CfAFP-501. X-ray crystal structure determination reveals that the 31-amino acid insertion found in CfAFP-501 forms two additional loops within its highly regular beta-helical structure. This effectively extends the area of the two-dimensional Thr array and ice-binding surface of the protein. The larger isoform has 3 times the thermal hysteresis activity of the 9-kDa CfAFP-337. As well, a deletion of the 31-amino acid insertion within CfAFP-501 to form CfAFP-501-Delta-2-loop, results in a protein with reduced activity similar to the shorter CfAFP isoforms. Thus, the enhanced antifreeze activity of CfAFP-501 is directly correlated to the length of its beta-helical structure and hence the size of its ice-binding face.
Turbulence-induced adaptive-optics performance degradation: evaluation in the time domain (1984)

A time-domain approach has been developed that is capable of evaluating the performance of an adaptive-optics system degraded by a wide variety of effects acting together or alone. In the study conducted here the normalized antenna gain (or Strehl ratio) is evaluated for a system degraded by turbulence, anisoplanatism, a finite servo bandwidth, and a combination of anisoplanatism and a finite servo bandwidth. A diameter dependence of these effects is established, illustrating that the degrading influence associated with a finite servo bandwidth is less severe than the degrading influence associated with anisoplanatism over a wide range of diameters. For the case of a small-diameter system degraded by anisoplanatism, system performance improves slightly when a finite servo bandwidth is introduced.
Cloning and Characterization of HuR, a Ubiquitously Expressed Elav-like Protein (1996)

The neuronal-specific Elav-like proteins (HuD, Hel-N, and HuC) contain three RNP-type concensus motifs and bind to AU-rich elements. We have identified and cloned a fourth member of this family (HuR) that is expressed in a wide variety of cell types. The purified recombinant protein binds avidly to the AU-rich element in c-fos and interleukin-3 mRNAs. In the case of the c-fos AU-rich element, HuR binds to a core element of 27 nucleotides that contain AUUUA, AUUUUA, and AUUUUUA motifs. Mutational analysis has shown that all three AU motifs are required for maximal binding. The neuronal-specific Elav-like proteins (HuD, Hel-N, and HuC) contain three RNP-type concensus motifs and bind to AU-rich elements. We have identified and cloned a fourth member of this family (HuR) that is expressed in a wide variety of cell types. The purified recombinant protein binds avidly to the AU-rich element in c-fos and interleukin-3 mRNAs. In the case of the c-fos AU-rich element, HuR binds to a core element of 27 nucleotides that contain AUUUA, AUUUUA, and AUUUUUA motifs. Mutational analysis has shown that all three AU motifs are required for maximal binding.
Induction of Cytokines and Cytotoxicity against Tumor Cells by Newcastle Disease Virus (1994)

The use of NDV as biological adjuvant in vaccines against human cancer is still actual in several clinical treatment protocols. In this study, we have investigated in vitro-effects of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain 73-T on isolated mononuclear blood cells and cultured tumor cells. Cellular cytotoxicity of PBMC freshly isolated from healthy donors against tumor cells was enhanced significantly (p < 0.01) after coincubation of NDV with effector cells. NDV failed to enhance cytotoxicity of effector cells when PBMC were stimulated three days with 500 IU recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) per ml prior to coincubation with the virus. No significant enhancement of cellular lysis was seen when only target cells were coincubated with NDV. As shown by depletion of various lymphocyte subsets, NK cells were the predominant mediator of lysis. Enhancement of cytotoxicity correlated with the induction of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in PBMC by NDV. NDV also induced high amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in PBMC. Induction of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was weak. A direct cytopathic effect (CPE) of NDV on different target cells was detected by colorimetric measurement of metabolic cell activity. The human tumor cell lines A-498, A-704, Caki-1, Caki-2, and K-562 and the fibroblast line MRC-5 showed progressive cellular destruction 48 h after infection with NDV, whereas PBMC and Daudi cells remained unaffected during the observation period. The nontransformed monkey kidney cell line CV-1 and the transformed monkey kidney cell line COS-1 were both lysed by NDV with marginal difference in time course of CPE. Our results indicate a reasonable potential of pleiotropic modifications of the immune response against tumors by NDV.
Absence of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 in Mice Leads to Decreased Local Macrophage Recruitment and Antigen-Specific T Helper Cell Type 1 Immune Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2001)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 plays a critical role in innate immunity by directing the migration of monocytes into inflammatory sites. Recent data indicated a function for this chemokine in adaptive immunity as a regulator of T cell commitment to T helper cell type 2 (Th2) effector function. Studies in a Th1-dependent animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), showed that MCP-1 was highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) of affected rodents, and MCP-1 antibodies could block relapses of the disease. Mice deficient for the major MCP-1 receptor, CC chemokine receptor (CCR)2, did not develop EAE after active immunization but generated effector cells that could transfer the disease to naive wild-type recipients. We analyzed EAE in mice deficient for MCP-1 to define the relevant ligand for CCR2, which responds to murine MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, and MCP-5. We found that C57BL/6 MCP-1-null mice were markedly resistant to EAE after active immunization, with drastically impaired recruitment of macrophages to the CNS, yet able to generate effector T cells that transferred severe disease to naive wild-type recipients. By contrast, adoptive transfer of primed T cells from wild-type mice into naive MCP-1-null recipients did not mediate clinical EAE. On the SJL background, disruption of the MCP-1 gene produced a milder EAE phenotype with diminished relapses that mimicked previous findings using anti-MCP-1 antibodies. There was no compensatory upregulation of MCP-2, MCP-3, or MCP-5 in MCP-1-null mice with EAE. These results indicated that MCP-1 is the major CCR2 ligand in mice with EAE, and provided an opportunity to define the role of MCP-1 in EAE. Compared with wild-type littermates, MCP-1-/- mice exhibited reduced expression of interferon gamma in draining lymph node and CNS and increased antigen-specific immunoglobulin G1 antibody production. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MCP-1 is crucial for Th1 immune responses in EAE induction and that macrophage recruitment to the inflamed CNS target organ is required for primed T cells to execute a Th1 effector program in EAE.
Dynamic software updates (2009)

We consider the state mapping problem for dynamic software updates and propose a number of approaches that have the potential of automating the state mapping in practical setting.
Genetic transformation in higher plants (1986)

Successful transformation of plant cells has been obtained utilizing vectors and DNA delivery methods derived from the plant pathogen, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This soil bacterium is capable of transferring a DNA segment (T‐DNA), located between specific nucleotide border sequences, from its large tumor inducing (Ti) plasmid into the nuclear DNA of infected plant cells. The exploitation of the Agrobacterium/Ti plasmid system for plant cell transformation has been facilitated by (1) the construction of modified Agrobacterium strains in which the genes responsible for pathogenicity have been deleted; (2) the design of intermediate vectors containing selectable drug markers for introducing foreign genes into the Ti plasmid and subsequently into plant cells; and (3) the development of efficient in vitro methods for transforming plant cells and tissues with engineered Agrobacterium strains. These modifications have led to the development of a simple, efficient, and reproducible transformation system from which morphologically normal transformed plants can be readily regenerated. The foreign genes are stably maintained and expressed in the resulting plants and are inherited by progeny as typical Mendelian traits. The availability of transformation systems has already facilitated numerous studies on gene expression and regulation in plants and should eventually allow for the modification of various crop species in an agronomically significant manner. The needs and possibilities for the development of alternate vectors and transformation procedures will be discussed.
Infectious immunological tolerance. (1971)

Previous studies have shown that thymectomized lethally irradiated bone marrow grafted mice, reconstituted with thymocytes and pretreated with a large dose of sheep red blood cells (SRBC), are unable to respond to a subsequent immunizing injection of SRBC even after an inoculation of normal thymocytes. If, however, the mice are not thymocyte reconstituted prior to the pretreatment with SRBC, they can respond almost normally to an immunizing injection of SRBC if inoculated with normal thymocytes after the termination of antigen pretreatment. In the present study the immunosuppressive effect of the presence of thymocytes during the antigen pretreatment was studied by adoptively transferring the spleen cells of the antigen pretreated mice to thymus-deprived chimeras. These spleen cells not only did not co-operate with normal thymocytes in the secondary hosts, but they also prevented the co-operation of normal thymocytes with normal bone marrow derived cells. Untreated spleen cells or treated spleen cells from mice not reconstituted with thymocytes did not affect cell co-operation in the secondary hosts. The abrogation of the co-operation in the secondary host was specific in that the addition of spleen cells did not affect the anti-horse red blood cell response. If the primary host made antibody as a result of the pretreatment, the transfer of their spleen cells did not prevent antibody production in the secondary host.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Antibody: A Method to Detect Its Primary Interaction with Deoxyribonucleic Acid (1968)

Antibody to DNA in human serums can be detected by the ammonium sulfate method. This sensitive and specific technique, which measures the primary interaction between DNA and antibody to DNA, is based on the observation that free DNA is soluble in 50-percent saturated ammonium sulfate whereas antibody-bound DNA is insoluble.
Manipulation of polycrystalline TiO2 carrier concentration via electrically active native defects (2011)

There is good reason to believe that the properties of semiconducting metal oxides for catalytic applications can be improved when designed according to the principles of microelectronic devices. Nevertheless, defect engineering of polycrystalline TiO2 is complicated by native charged point defects and grain boundaries that alter bulk carrier concentration in a manner that depends on synthesis and post-treatment protocols. These influences are difficult to decouple with standard electrical characterization methods, which typically induce rectifying Schottky barriers to wide-bandgap semiconductors like TiO2. Here, TiO2 donor carrier concentration (Nd) is investigated as a function of film thickness and annealing time using a rigorous Schottky diode-based electrical characterization approach. Nd scales inversely with film thickness due to a reduction in the concentration of electrically active grain boundaries in the bulk. Annealing of polycrystalline TiO2 at 550 °C induces film densification that reduces the void volume surface area available for charge trapping. Strategies for defect engineering polycrystalline metal oxides must focus on tuning electrical activity of grain boundaries and intergranular voids for successful control and manipulation of Nd.