gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visible spectrum native-oxide coupled-stripe In0.5(AlxGa1−x)0.5P–In0.5Ga0.5P quantum well heterostructure laser arrays (1991)

Data are presented demonstrating the continuous (cw) operation (10–50 °C) of coupled-stripe In0.5(AlxGa1−x)0.5P–In0.5Ga0.5P multiple quantum well heterostructure (QWH) visible (λ∼655 nm) laser arrays. The ten stripe QWH arrays (3 μm emitters on 4 μm centers) are defined by ‘‘wet’’ oxidation (H2O vapor in N2 carrier gas, 550 °C) of the high gap In0.5(AlxGa1−x)0.5P upper confining layer outside of the active stripes. The gain-guided arrays exhibit relatively low cw 20 °C threshold current densities (∼1.6 kA/cm2, ∼450 μm cavity) and high output powers of 25 mW per uncoated facet (cw, 20 °C). Optical coupling between stripes results in a near diffraction-limited single-lobe far-field pattern indicative of oscillation in the lowest order supermode of the array (in-phase operation).
Firma. Los valores de la prensa gratuita para el anunciante (2008)

<b>:</b> The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary vibroactivated clinoptilolite supplementation on the intramammary microbiological findings in dairy cows, causative agents of potential intramammary infection, and their sensitivity to antibiotics. Cows (<i>n</i> = 78) were randomly divided into two groups: CPL-treated group that received clinoptilolite (CPL) in-feed (<i>n</i> = 38), i.e., 50 g natural powdered zeolite CPL, twice daily from the seventh month of pregnancy to 75 days after calving, and the control group (CON) of untreated cows (<i>n</i> = 40). Milk samples were taken from each cow on days 7, 25, 45, and 75 postpartum. The following causative pathogens were isolated in 86 udder quarters: <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in 5.81% of positive samples, <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. 9.32%, coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> (CNS) 22.09%, <i>Streptococcus</i> <i>uberis</i> 13.95%, <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> 1.16%, <i>Streptococcus</i> sp. 3.49%, <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> 8.13%, <i>Enter</i><i>o</i><i>coccus</i> spp. 6.98%, <i>Corynebacterium</i> spp. 11.63%, <i>Pasteurella</i> sp. 10.47%, <i>Serratia</i> spp. 2.33%, and <i>Arcanobacterium</i> <i>pyogenes</i>, <i>Citrobacter</i> sp., <i>Prototheca</i> sp., and yeasts each in 1.16% of samples. Additionally, 3.87% of environmental microflora samples (<i>n</i> = 47) and 89.06% of udder samples (<i>n</i> = 1083) were bacteriologically negative. The most effective antibiotics were cefoperazone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, while cloxacillin and tetracycline were the least effective antibiotics in both groups. In the clinoptilolite supplemented (CPL) group (<i>n</i> = 38) of 14 cows, nine causative agents of mastitis were isolated in 27 quarters, while in the control (CON) group (<i>n</i> = 40) of 24 cows, 13 causative agents of mastitis were isolated in 59 quarters. Cows from the CON group had a 1.96 times higher risk of intramammary infection than cows from the CPL group during the observation period (odds ratio = 1.96, <i>p</i> = 0.0031; 95% CI = 1.2570-3.0770).
Surface-Derivatized Nanoceria with Human Carbonic Anhydrase II Inhibitors and Fluorophores:  A Potential Drug Delivery Device (2007)

Human carbonic anhydrase (hCAII) is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and is associated with glaucoma (a major cause of blindness). The present study focuses on the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) as a potential delivery device for hCAII inhibitors. Carboxybenzenesulfonamide, an inhibitor of the hCAII enzyme, was attached to nanoceria particles using epichlorohydrin as an intermediate linkage. Along with the CA inhibitor, a fluorophore (carboxyfluorescein) was also attached on the nanoparticles to enable the tracking of the nanoparticles in vitro as well as in vivo. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies carried out at each reaction step confirmed the successful derivatization of the nanoceria particles. The attachment of carboxyfluorescein was also confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Preliminary studies suggest that carboxybenzenesulfonamide-functionalized nanoceria retains its inhibitory potency for hCAII.
Radiometallation of receptor-specific peptides for diagnosis and treatment of human cancer. (2005)

Radiolabeled, receptor-specific peptides are becoming increasingly popular as targeting vectors for the design and development of new diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. The over-expression of functioning receptors on a variety of human cancers makes this method of drug development a viable tool for tumor targeting in vivo. This review describes some of the more recent efforts that are currently underway towards development of new receptor-specific radiopharmaceuticals. Diagnostic/therapeutic radionuclides, specific metal co-ordinating ligands/chelating systems, spacer technology, radiolabeling protocols, and specific peptides/peptide conjugates will be discussed in detail.
123: Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis with Botulinum Toxin A (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 5, Sunday, May 20, 2007, 8:00 - 10:00 am1 Apr 2007123: Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis with Botulinum Toxin A Stefan Carl, and Sebastian Laschke Stefan CarlStefan Carl More articles by this author , and Sebastian LaschkeSebastian Laschke More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30388-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "123: Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis with Botulinum Toxin A." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 42 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 42 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Stefan Carl More articles by this author Sebastian Laschke More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Minimal antiproliferative effect of recombinant müllerian inhibiting substance on gynecological tumor cell lines and tumor explants. (1989)

Múllerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) is a testicular hormone that promotes involution of the Múllerian duct during embryogenesis. The Múllerian duct gives rise to adult female reproductive ducts including the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina. Thus, testicular MIS ensures the regression of female sex organ primordia. Partially purified bovine MIS was reported to inhibit proliferation of tumor cells derived from human gynecological cancers. These observations suggest that MIS might be an effective anticancer agent for some human tumors. Recombinant human MIS (rHu-MIS) has recently become available. To assess the antiproliferative activity of rHu-MIS, we examined its effects on 11 ovarian, six endometrial, and two nongynecological human tumor cell lines. rHu-MIS had no effect on proliferation of these cell lines in five independent assays. Forty-three primary human tumor explants were also examined in human tumor colony forming assays, gel-supported primary culture assays, and subrenal capsule assays. rHu-MIS significantly inhibited the growth of five of these tumors including four ovarian and one small cell lung cancer explant. The four ovarian cancer responses include three of 13 (23%) explants tested in human tumor colony-forming assays and one of eight (12.5%) explants tested in gel-supported primary culture assays. We conclude that rHu-MIS may have antiproliferative activity against some human ovarian cancers.
Charging and discharging properties of electron traps created by hot-carrier injections in gate oxide of n-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (1993)

The charging and discharging properties of electron traps created by hot-carrier injections in the thin gate oxide of n-channel metal oxide semiconductor transistors are analyzed by means of the effects that charge state transitions induce on the low-level gate current (lower than 1 pA) of the transistor. This current is measured by a very senstive floating-gate technique [F.H. Gaensslen and J.M. Aitken, IEEE Electron. Device Lett. EDL-1, 231 (1980)]. Two traps with electron capture cross sections of the order of 10−14 and 10−15 cm2 are analyzed which are linked with optical and field-dependent measurements of electron emission properties. Thermal and optical ionization energies of these defects are determined at ≊1.7±0.2 and ≊3.0±0.5 eV, respectively. Comparison with theory suggests that Si dangling bonds or oxygen vacancy in the oxide should be the defects created by hot-carrier injections.
Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones to mouse macrophage and human endothelial cell tissue transglutaminases. (1991)

The deduced amino acid sequences for tissue transglutaminases from human endothelial cells and mouse macrophages have been derived from cloned cDNAs. Northern blot analysis of both tissue transglutaminases shows a message size of approximately 3.6-3.7 kilobases. The molecular weights calculated from the deduced amino acid sequences were 77,253 for human endothelial tissue transglutaminase and 76,699 for mouse macrophage tissue transglutaminase. The deduced amino acid sequence for the human endothelial transglutaminase was confirmed by comparison with the amino acid sequence obtained by cyanogen bromide digestion of the human erythrocyte transglutaminase. The amino acid sequences of both human endothelial and mouse macrophage tissue transglutaminases were compared to other transglutaminases. A very high degree of homology was found between human endothelial, mouse macrophage, and guinea pig liver tissue transglutaminase (greater than 80%). Moreover, human endothelial tissue transglutaminase was compared with human Factor XIIIa and a very high degree of homology (75% identity) was found in the active site region.
Skin Anatomy and Antigen Expression after Burn Wound Closure with Composite Grafts of Cultured Skin Cells and Biopolymers (1993)

Closure of large skin wounds (i.e., burns, congenital giant nevus, reconstruction of traumatic injury) with split-thickness skin grafts requires extensive harvesting of autologous skin. Composite grafts consisting of collagen-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) substrates populated with cultured dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes were tested in a pilot study on full-thickness burn wounds of three patients as an alternative to split-thickness skin. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed regeneration of epidermal and dermal tissue by 2 weeks, with degradation of the collagen-GAG implant associated with low numbers of leukocytes, and deposition of new collagen by fibroblasts. Complete basement membrane, including anchoring fibrils and anchoring plaques, is formed by 2 weeks, is mature by 3 months, and accounts for the absence of blistering of healed epidermis. All skin antigens tested (involucrin, filaggrin, laminin, collagens IV and VII, fibronectin, and chondroitin-sulfate) were expressed by 16 days after grafting. This cultured skin analogue provides an experimental alternative to split-thickness skin graft that develops histiotypic markers of skin anatomy and antigen expression after wound closure.
Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of quinolones with selective activity against Gram-positive organisms (1992)

A series of quinolones were prepared which contained oximes or substituted oximes as replacements for the amine substituents normally found on the pyrrolidine or piperidine fragments of quinolone antibacterial agents. These substituents led to compounds that had selective activity against Gram-positive organisms. These compounds showed in vivo activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Only compound 29 had in vivo activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Black widow spider α-latrotoxin: a presynaptic neurotoxin that shares structural homology with the glucagon-like peptide-1 family of insulin secretagogic hormones (1998)

alpha-Latrotoxin is a presynaptic neurotoxin isolated from the venom of the black widow spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus. It exerts toxic effects in the vertebrate central nervous system by depolarizing neurons, by increasing [Ca2+]i and by stimulating uncontrolled exocytosis of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals. The actions of alpha-latrotoxin are mediated, in part, by a GTP-binding protein-coupled receptor referred to as CIRL or latrophilin. Exendin-4 is also a venom toxin, and it is derived from the salivary gland of the Gila monster Heloderma suspectum. It acts as an agonist at the receptor for glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)-amide (GLP-1), thereby stimulating secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Here is reported a surprising structural homology between alpha-latrotoxin and exendin-4 that is also apparent amongst all members of the GLP-1-like family of secretagogic hormones (GLP-1, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, secretin, pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide). On the basis of this homology, we report the synthesis and initial characterization of a chimeric peptide (Black Widow GLP-1) that stimulates Ca2+ signaling and insulin secretion in human beta-cells and MIN6 insulinoma cells. It is also reported here that the GTP-binding protein-coupled receptors for alpha-latrotoxin and exendin-4 share highly significant structural similarity in their extracellularly-oriented amino-termini. We propose that molecular mimicry has generated conserved structural motifs in secretagogic toxins and their receptors, thereby explaining the evolution of defense or predatory strategies that are shared in common amongst distantly related species including spiders, lizards, and snakes. Evidently, the toxic effects of alpha-latrotoxin and exendin-4 are explained by their ability to interact with GTP-binding protein-coupled receptors that normally mediate the actions of endogenous hormones or neuropeptides.
BK virus-plasmid expression vector that persists episomally in human cells and shuttles into Escherichia coli. (1984)

We describe a novel expression vector, pBK TK-1, that persists episomally in human cells that can be shuttled into bacteria. This vector includes sequences from BK virus (BKV), the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of herpes simplex virus type 1, and plasmid pML-1. TK+-transformed HeLa and 143 B cells contained predominantly full-length episomes. There were typically 20 to 40 (HeLa) and 75 to 120 143 B vector copies per cell, although some 143 B transformants contained hundreds. Low-molecular-weight DNA from TK+-transformed cells introduced into Escherichia coli were recovered as plasmids that were indistinguishable from the input vector. Removal of selective pressure had no apparent effect upon the episomal status of pBK TK-1 molecules in TK+-transformed cells. BKV T antigen may play a role in episomal replication of pBK TK-1 since this viral protein was expressed in TK+ transformants and since a plasmid that contained only the BKV origin of replication was highly amplified in BKV-transformed human cells that synthesize BKV T antigen.
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Mediates Prostate Cancer–Induced Bone Resorption (2007)

Prostate cancer preferentially metastasizes to bone, resulting in high mortality. Strategies to inhibit prostate cancer metastasis include targeting both tumor-induced osteoblastic lesions and underlying osteoclastic activities. We and others have previously shown that blocking receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) partially blocks tumor establishment and progression in bone in murine models. However, levels of RANKL in the cell lines used in these studies were very low, suggesting that soluble factors other than RANKL may mediate the cancer-induced osteoclast activity. To identify these factors, a human cytokine antibody array was used to measure cytokine expression in conditioned medium collected from primary prostate epithelial cells (PrEC), prostate cancer LNCaP and its derivative C4-2B, and PC3 cells. All prostate cancer cells produced high amounts of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) compared with PrEC cells. Furthermore, levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, GROalpha, ENA-78, and CXCL-16 were higher in PC3 than LNCaP. These results were confirmed by ELISA. Finally, human bone marrow mononuclear cells (HBMC) were cultured with PC3 conditioned medium. Although both recombinant human MCP-1 and IL-8 directly stimulated HBMC differentiation into osteoclast-like cells, IL-8, but not MCP-1, induced bone resorption on dentin slices with 21 days of culture in the absence of RANKL. However, the conditioned medium-induced bone resorption was inhibited by MCP-1 neutralizing antibody and was further synergistically inhibited with IL-8 antibody, indicating that MCP-1, in addition to IL-8, mediates tumor-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. MCP-1 may promote preosteoclast cell fusion, forming multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast-like cells. This study may provide novel therapeutic targets for treatment of prostate cancer skeletal metastasis.
Endocannabinoids and Food Intake: Newborn Suckling and Appetite Regulation in Adulthood (2005)

The appetite-stimulating effects of the cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa) have been known since ancient times, and appear to be effected through the incentive and rewarding properties of foods. Investigations into the biological basis of the multiple effects of cannabis have yielded important breakthroughs in recent years: the discovery of two cannabinoid receptors in brain and peripheral organ systems, and endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) for these receptors. These advances have greatly increased our understanding of how appetite is regulated through these endocannabinoid receptor systems. The presence of endocannabinoids in the developing brain and in maternal milk have led to evidence for a critical role for CB1 receptors in oral motor control of suckling during neonatal development. The endocannabinoids appear to regulate energy balance and food intake at four functional levels within the brain and periphery: (i) limbic system (for hedonic evaluation of foods), (ii) hypothalamus and hindbrain (integrative functions), (iii) intestinal system, and (iv) adipose tissue. At each of these levels, the endocannabinoid system interacts with a number of better known molecules involved in appetite and weight regulation, including leptin, ghrelin, and the melanocortins. Therapeutically, appetite stimulation by cannabinoids has been studied for several decades, particularly in relation to cachexia and malnutrition associated with cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or anorexia nervosa. The recent advances in cannabinoid pharmacology may lead to improved treatments for these conditions or, conversely, for combating excessive appetite and body weight, such as CB1 receptor antagonists as antiobesity medications. In conclusion, the exciting progress in the understanding of how the endocannabinoid CB receptor systems influence appetite and body weight is stimulating the development of therapeutic orexigenic and anorectic agents. Furthermore, the role of cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation for milk suckling in newborns may open new doors toward understanding nonorganic failure-to-thrive in infants, who display growth failure without known organic cause.
Human Intestinal Lumen and Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Patients with Colorectal Cancer (2012)

Recent reports have suggested the involvement of gut microbiota in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We utilized pyrosequencing based analysis of 16S rRNA genes to determine the overall structure of microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer and healthy controls; we investigated microbiota of the intestinal lumen, the cancerous tissue and matched noncancerous normal tissue. Moreover, we investigated the mucosa-adherent microbial composition using rectal swab samples because the structure of the tissue-adherent bacterial community is potentially altered following bowel cleansing. Our findings indicated that the microbial structure of the intestinal lumen and cancerous tissue differed significantly. Phylotypes that enhance energy harvest from diets or perform metabolic exchange with the host were more abundant in the lumen. There were more abundant Firmicutes and less abundant Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in lumen. The overall microbial structures of cancerous tissue and noncancerous tissue were similar; however the tumor microbiota exhibited lower diversity. The structures of the intestinal lumen microbiota and mucosa-adherent microbiota were different in CRC patients compared to matched microbiota in healthy individuals. Lactobacillales was enriched in cancerous tissue, whereas Faecalibacterium was reduced. In the mucosa-adherent microbiota, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia were reduced in CRC patients, whereas Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Peptostreptococcus, and Mogibacterium were enriched. In the lumen, predominant phylotypes related to metabolic disorders or metabolic exchange with the host, Erysipelotrichaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Coriobacteriaceae were increased in cancer patients. Coupled with previous reports, these results suggest that the intestinal microbiota is associated with CRC risk and that intestinal lumen microflora potentially influence CRC risk via cometabolism or metabolic exchange with the host. However, mucosa-associated microbiota potentially affects CRC risk primarily through direct interaction with the host.
Hippocampal volume and the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine (2014)

Accumulating evidence underscores the utility of ketamine in treating severely treatment-resistant depressed patients. We investigated the relationship between the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine and hippocampal volume, a biomarker of antidepressant treatment outcome. We gave 16 medication-free, major depressive disorder (MDD) patients a single, sub-anesthetic dose infusion of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg, over 40 min). We assessed depression severity pre-treatment, and at 24 h post-treatment, with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Prior to treatment, patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to estimate their hippocampal volume: We obtained viable MRI data in 13 patients. Delta MADRS (post- minus pre-treatment) was significantly correlated with the pre-treatment volumes of the left hippocampus (r = 0.66; p = 0.01), but not the right hippocampus (r = 0.49; p = 0.09). The correlation between delta MADRS and the left hippocampus remained high (r > 0.6; p = 0.13), after controlling for several demographic and clinical variables, although the p value increased due to the reduced degree of freedom (df = 5). Ketamine exerts enhanced antidepressant effects in patients with a relatively smaller hippocampus, a patient population that has been repeatedly shown to be refractory to traditional antidepressants.