gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully aromatic liquid crystalline homopolyesters and copolyesters of 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐4,4′‐diol (1994)

Abstract A series of fully aromatic, thermotropic polyesters based on 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐4,4′‐diol, BND, was prepared by the melt polycondensation method and characterized for their thermotropic behavior by a variety of experimental techniques. The homopolymer of BND with terephthalic acid formed a nematic melt at 353°C. In contrast, the polyester from BND and 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid had a melting transition, T m , above 400°C, so it was not possible with the equipment available to determine whether it formed a nematic melt. All of the copolymers of BND formed nematic melts at much lower T m values than those of its respective homopolymers, as expected, because of the copolymerization effect of the added monomer. Moreover, all of the copolymers had higher glass transition temperatures, T g , than those of other liquid crystalline polyesters and higher thermal stabilities. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Regulatory interactions involving the proteins of the phosphotransferase system in enteric bacteria (1993)

Sugar uptake and cytoplasmic inducer generation as well as cyclic AMP synthesis are regulated by the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) in Gram-negative enteric bacteria. In these organisms, the free form of the glucose-specific Enzyme IIA (IIAglc) of the PTS, which can be phosphorylated on a histidyl residue by PEP and the PTS energy coupling proteins, inhibits the activities of non-PTS carbohydrate permeases and catabolic enzymes. By contrast, the phosphorylated form of IIAglc appears to activate adenylate cyclase, the cyclic AMP biosynthetic enzyme. What is known of the molecular details of these regulatory interactions will be summarized, and a novel regulatory mechanism involving the fructose repressor, FruR, which controls the transcription of genes encoding enzymes which catalyze reactions in central pathways of carbon metabolism, will be presented.
Management of Infrainguinal Occluded Vein Bypasses With a Combined Approach of Thrombolysis and Surveillance (1992)

• Intra-arterial thrombolysis with urokinase was attempted on 23 occluded infrainguinal vein bypasses. Lesions revealed by thrombolysis included 11 anastomotic stenoses, five midbypass stenoses, five native artery stenoses, and five unusable diffusely stenotic vein conduits. Adjunctive procedures performed immediately after successful thrombolysis included 10 local surgical revisions, five balloon angioplasties, and five new vein bypasses. Three nonanastomotic vein bypass stenoses and two common iliac artery stenoses were detected using a surveillance protocol in subsequent follow-up of patients with patent bypasses. Twelve-month patency following thrombolysis (including immediate failures) was 52.4%. The use of thrombolysis in the management of occluded vein bypasses allows the identification and correction of pathological lesions. Once revised, continued vein bypass patency may be improved with a surveillance program. (<i>Arch Surg</i>. 1992;127:986-989)
CHF1/Hey2 Promotes Physiological Hypertrophy in Response to Pressure Overload through Selective Repression and Activation of Specific Transcriptional Pathways (2009)

We have previously found that CHF1/Hey2 prevents the development of phenylephrine-induced cardiac hypertrophy. To determine the role of CHF1/Hey2 in pressure overload hypertrophy, we performed ascending aortic banding on wild-type and transgenic mice overexpressing CHF1/Hey2 in the myocardium. We found that both wild-type and transgenic mice developed increased ventricular weight to body weight ratios 1 week after aortic banding. Wild-type mice also developed decreased fractional shortening after 1 week when compared to preoperative echocardiograms and sham-operated controls. Transgenic mice, in comparison, demonstrated preserved fractional shortening. Histological examination of explanted heart tissue demonstrated extensive fibrosis in wild-type hearts, but minimal fibrosis in transgenic hearts. TUNEL staining demonstrated increased apoptosis in the wild-type hearts but not in the transgenic hearts. Exposure of cultured neonatal myocytes from wild-type and transgenic animals to hydrogen peroxide, a potent inducer of apoptosis, demonstrated increased apoptosis in the wild-type cells. Gene Set Analysis of microarray data from wild-type and transgenic hearts 1 week after banding revealed suppression and activation of multiple pathways involving apoptosis, cell signaling, and biosynthesis. These findings demonstrate that CHF1/Hey2 promotes physiological over pathological hypertrophy through suppression of apoptosis and regulation of multiple transcriptional pathways. These findings also suggest that CHF1/Hey2 and its downstream pathways provide a variety of targets for novel heart failure drug discovery, and that genetic polymorphisms in CHF1/Hey2 may affect susceptibility to hypertrophy and heart failure.
Recycling in laser-interferometric gravitational-wave detectors (1988)

Laser interferometers may detect gravitational waves by sensing the strain in space produced by their passage. The resultant change in intensity of an interference fringe must be observable against a background noise due to the statistical fluctuations in the number of detected photons. Optimization of the detector sensitivity thus involves devising an optical system which both maximizes the signal and minimizes the noise. This is attempted in the various arrangements known collectively as light recycling. Here, the performance of these systems is quantitatively assessed. Standard or broadband recycling functions essentially by making efficient use of the available light, but it is shown that it may also be made to further enhance the sensitivity within a narrow bandwidth, becoming tuned recycling. This works, as do all the narrow-band variants, by arranging for both the laser light and a gravitational-wave-induced sideband to be resonant in the optical system. The original narrow-band system, resonant recycling, can also be made broadband; the various sensitivity-bandwidth combinations, together with the tuning properties of such a system, are discussed.Furthermore, a new optical arrangement, dual recycling, is proposed. Its optical layout is an extension of standard recycling and its strength lies in its flexibility. It is shown that, relatively simply, it may be made into either a broadband or a narrow-band system, in each case with the same performance as the best of the other schemes. It may be tuned more efficiently and easily over a wide range of frequencies. Uniquely, optimum performance may be obtained with dual recycling without the requirement that the storage time of the optical elements in each arm of the interferometer be comparable with the period of the gravitational wave. This may allow the operation of delay line interferometers down to much lower gravitational-wave frequency and will provide great operational flexibility. Finally, it is shown that dual recycling, together with resonant recycling, is relatively insensitive to imperfections in the geometrical quality of the optical system. When implemented on interferometers with lengths greater than about a kilometer, recycling should allow the attainment of the sensitivity required in order to observe gravitational waves and open up a new window to the Universe.
A highly efficient strategy for the synthesis of 3-substituted salicylic acids by either directed ortho-lithiation or halogenmetal exchange of substituted MOM protected phenols followed by carboxylation. (2001)

A highly efficient synthesis of various 3-substituted salicylic acids is described starting from inexpensive starting materials and requiring no special apparatus.Key words: salicylic acids, ortho-metalation, halogenmetal exchange, methoxymethyl group.
Efficient in situ barcode sequencing using padlock probe-based BaristaSeq (2017)

Cellular DNA/RNA tags (barcodes) allow for multiplexed cell lineage tracing and neuronal projection mapping with cellular resolution. Conventional approaches to reading out cellular barcodes trade off spatial resolution with throughput. Bulk sequencing achieves high throughput but sacrifices spatial resolution, whereas manual cell picking has low throughput. In situ sequencing could potentially achieve both high spatial resolution and high throughput, but current in situ sequencing techniques are inefficient at reading out cellular barcodes. Here we describe BaristaSeq, an optimization of a targeted, padlock probe-based technique for in situ barcode sequencing compatible with Illumina sequencing chemistry. BaristaSeq results in a five-fold increase in amplification efficiency, with a sequencing accuracy of at least 97%. BaristaSeq could be used for barcode-assisted lineage tracing, and to map long-range neuronal projections.
Mitotic delay in peripheral blood lymphocytes and fibroblast cultures obtained from a child with Down's syndrome and from a healthy child. (1994)

Mitotic delay (MD) often occurs in cells of donors exposed in vivo to genotoxic agents. To investigate individual sensitivity with genetic background, author measured the 3-methyl-cholanthrene (MC)-induced MD in cultured human skin fibroblasts (FBs) and in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) obtained from a 4-year-old patient with Down's disease. Samples from a 10-year-old healthy subject served as controls. Skin samples were obtained during surgical intervention. The induced MD was calculated from the mitotic index (MI) which was expressed in per cent of the control; at various times up to 18 h after treatment. Cells were treated with 10(-7), 10(-6) and 10(-5) M MC (with S-9 liver homogenate). At passage 10, the average MI (+/- SE) was 8.32 +/- 0.43%, and 7.85 +/- 0.64% for the healthy and for the Down's FBs, respectively; and it was 4.89 +/- 0.59%, and 4.92 +/- 0.72% for the healthy and for the Down's PBLs, respectively. MD was characterized as 50% MI of control (MD50). The MD50 values were the most expressed when cells were treated with 10(-5) M MC. No difference was found in MD of healthy and Down's fibroblasts. For Down's lymphocytes, on the other hand, MD was approximately 30% longer than for healthy cells. This result agrees well the reported increased SCE and decreased DNA-repair data obtained in PBL of Down patients.
Cross-talk between estradiol receptor and EGFR/IGF-IR signaling pathways in estrogen-responsive breast cancers: Focus on the role and impact of proteoglycans (2013)

In hormone-dependent breast cancer, estrogen receptors are the principal signaling molecules that regulate several cell functions either by the genomic pathway acting directly as transcription factors in the nucleus or by the non-genomic pathway interacting with other receptors and their adjacent pathways like EGFR/IGFR. It is well established in literature that EGFR and IGFR signaling pathways promote cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, recent data indicate the cross-talk between ERs and EGFR/IGFR signaling pathways causing a transformation of cell functions as well as deregulation on normal expression pattern of matrix molecules. Specifically, proteoglycans, a major category of extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell surface macromolecules, are modified during malignancy and cause alterations in cancer cell signaling, affecting eventually functional cell properties such as proliferation, adhesion and migration. The on-going strategies to block only one of the above signaling effectors result cancer cells to overcome such inactivation using alternative signaling pathways. In this article, we therefore review the underlying mechanisms in respect to the role of ERs and the involvement of cross-talk between ERs, IGFR and EGFR in breast cancer cell properties and expression of extracellular secreted and cell bound proteoglycans involved in cancer progression. Understanding such signaling pathways may help to establish new potential pharmacological targets in terms of using ECM molecules to design novel anticancer therapies.
Of cascades and perfect storms: the immunopathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever‐dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) (2006)

The past four decades has witnessed a consolidation of the original observations made in the 1970s that dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) have an immunological basis. Following reinfection with a dengue virus of different serotype, severe disease is linked to high levels of antibody-enhanced viral replication early in illness which is followed by a cascade of memory T-cell activation and a 'storm' of inflammatory cytokines and other chemical mediators. These compounds are released mainly from T cells, monocytes/macrophages and endothelial cells, and ultimately cause an increase in vascular permeability. The consolidation of the evidence has been largely due to several important prospective sero-epidemiological studies in areas endemic for DHF/DSS, which have shown that risk of severe disease is significantly higher in secondary dengue infections. These advances have underscored the fact that DHF/DSS pathogenesis is a complex, multifactorial process involving cocirculation of various dengue virus serotypes and the interplay of host and viral factors that influence disease severity. The continued search to define risk factors in susceptible populations must be combined with the new techniques of molecular virology and innovative approaches in vaccine design to achieve the ultimate objective of developing a safe and effective vaccine.
IL-17 enhances the susceptibility of U-2 OS osteosarcoma cells to NK cell lysis (2003)

We investigated the effect of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 17 (IL-17) on the lysis of osteosarcoma cells by human NK cells. NK cells and U-2 OS, MG-63, HOS osteosarcoma cell lines express the IL-17 receptor, the highest amount being found on U-2 OS. Pre-incubation of NK cells with IL-17 did not affect the cytotoxicity against osteosarcomas, that was increased when U-2 OS were pre-incubated with IL-17. In IL-17 treated U-2 OS osteosarcoma cells FACS analysis demonstrated an increased expression of fibronectin among the panel of adhesion molecules assayed, and the treatment with anti-fibronectin antibodies decreased the NK cytotoxicity. The comparison between interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) treated and IFN-gamma/IL-17-treated U-2 OS showed a decreased susceptibility to NK lysis associated with a reduced expression of CD49f on U-2 OS treated with IFN-gamma/IL-17. IL-17 appears to be a modulator of NK adhesion molecules on U-2 OS cells but antagonizes with IFN-gamma on NK lysis.
Interference of scattering pathways in Raman heterodyne spectroscopy of multilevel atoms (1995)

Raman heterodyne detection of nuclear magnetic resonance is a sensitive technique for optical detection of an NMR transition, which is driven by a resonant radio-frequency field. The observed signal is linear in the transition matrix elements of the magnetic resonance transition and two optical transitions. This linearity is the reason that signal contributions from different sites or different rf transitions can interfere, in many cases destructively. In this article, we discuss such an interference effect, which appears to have been overlooked in the past. It occurs between signal contributions that originate from the same magnetic resonance transition of atoms with different positions within the inhomogeneously broadened optical resonance line. These atoms contribute to the coherent Raman scattering through different scattering paths, which involve optical transitions to different nuclear spin states of the same electronic state. We show that the interference between all possible scattering paths leads to complete signal cancellation, if the atoms that are involved in the different scattering paths are equally polarized. To study the effect and to eliminate the interference, we used a pump-and-probe technique with two laser beams. With two independent laser frequencies, it becomes possible to separate the individual scattering paths. We calculate the dependence of the signal on the frequency of both laser beams as well as on the radio frequency and compare the results to experimental data from ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$:${\mathrm{YAlO}}_{3}$. Our results show that the interference reduces the signal amplitude of the conventional Raman heterodyne experiment but can be eliminated in the new experiment.
Chemical CO2 Fixation:  Cr(III) Salen Complexes as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Coupling of CO2 and Epoxides (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTChemical CO2 Fixation: Cr(III) Salen Complexes as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Coupling of CO2 and EpoxidesRobert L. Paddock and SonBinh T. NguyenView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Institute for Environmental Catalysis, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 46, 11498–11499Publication Date (Web):October 30, 2001Publication History Received21 June 2001Published online30 October 2001Published inissue 1 November 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0164677https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0164677rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8396Altmetric-Citations612LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Catalysts,Ethers,Inorganic carbon compounds,Oxides Get e-Alerts
Recognition of Base J in Duplex DNA by J-binding Protein (2002)

beta-d-Glucosylhydroxymethyluracil, also called base J, is an unusual modified DNA base conserved among Kinetoplastida. Base J is found predominantly in repetitive DNA and correlates with epigenetic silencing of telomeric variant surface glycoprotein genes. We have previously found a J-binding protein (JBP) in Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Crithidia. We have now characterized the binding properties of recombinant JBP from Crithidia using synthetic J-DNA substrates that contain the glycosylated base in various DNA sequences. We find that JBP recognizes base J only when presented in double-stranded DNA but not in single-stranded DNA or in an RNA:DNA duplex. It also fails to interact with free glucose or free base J. JBP is unable to recognize nonmodified DNA or intermediates of J synthesis, suggesting that JBP is not directly involved in J biosynthesis. JBP binds J-DNA with high affinity (K(d) = 40-140 nm) but requires at least 5 bp flanking the glycosylated base for optimal binding. The nature of the flanking sequence affects binding because J in a telomeric sequence binds JBP with higher affinity than J in another sequence known to contain J in trypanosome DNA. We conclude that JBP is a structure-specific DNA-binding protein. The significance of these results in relation to the biological role and mechanism of action of J modification in kinetoplastids is discussed.
Hematopoietic differentiation antigens that are membrane-associated enzymes: cutting is the key! (1993)

ANY CELL SURFACE glycoproteins expressed dur-M ing specific stages of lymphoid and myeloid cell development were initially characterized on the basis of their reactivity with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Subsequent analysis of cloned cDNAs identified four of these hematopoietic differentiation antigens as membrane-associated enzymes with common structural and regulatory features: CDlO/neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (CDlO/NEP), CD 13/aminopeptidase N (CD 13/APN), BP-1 /6C3/aminopeptidase A (BP-1 /6C3/APA), and CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPPIV).'-9 All four of these enzymes are type I1 integral membrane proteins with a single hydrophobic sequence that functions as both a signal peptide and a transmembrane region.'-' Three of these enzymes (CD10/ NEP, CD 1 3/APN, and BP-1 /6C3/APA) require zinc for biologic activity and share a pentapeptide consensus sequence that has been implicated in both zinc binding and catalys ~s . ~, ~, ' Although CDlO/NEP, CD13/APN, BP-l/6C3/APA, and CD26/DPPIV are expressed by different hematopoietic cell types at unique stages of lymphoid or myeloid differentiation, they are coexpressed on the luminal surface of epithelial brush borders. All four enzymes participate in the final stages of peptide hydrolysis in the renal proximal tubules and the small intestine. In certain instances, these enzymes also work in concert to digest common substrates.*-l2 CD73/ecto 5'-nucleotidase is another hematopoietic differentiation antigen and cell surface enzyme that is also expressed on epithelial brush borders. A glycosyl phosphotidylinositol-linked protein, CD73/ESN, differs from the above-mentioned enzymes in its transmembrane orientation and its role in nucleoside dephosphorylation and trans-The well-characterized activities of these enzymes in non-~0 r t .
Pneumolysin, the thiol-activated toxin of Streptococcus pneumoniae, does not require a thiol group for in vitro activity (1989)

The role of the single cysteine residue in the activity of the thiol-activated toxin pneumolysin was investigated using oligonucleotide-mediated, site-directed mutagenesis. Three modified toxins in which the cysteine residue was changed to an alanine, a serine, or a glycine residue were purified to homogeneity and examined for activity. The Cys-428----Ala modified toxin was indistinguishable from the wild-type recombinant toxin in terms of hemolytic activity and lytic and inhibitory effects on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), indicating that the cysteine residue is not essential for toxin activity. The Cys-428----Ser and Cys-429----Gly modified toxins had reduced activity on erythrocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, being 6 and 20 times less active than the wild type, respectively. However, all the modified toxins formed oligomers in erythrocyte membranes to the same extent as the wild-type recombinant toxin. This suggests that the cysteine residue at position 428 is involved in neither the binding of toxin to membranes nor its insertion into the membrane, and also that the formation of oligomers is not by itself sufficient for toxin activity.
Production of a Monoclonal Antibody (K 931) to a Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated Antigen Identified as the 17-1A Antigen (1990)

During our efforts to develop monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to tumor associated surface antigens of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, monoclonal antibody K 931 was produced. The high affinity antibody (Ka 5.0 x 10(10) M-1) showed reactivity with 58 out of 62 squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. In contrast normal squamous epithelium as found in epidermis, oral cavity, epiglottis, pharynx, larynx and esophagus did not express the antigen. All other tested epithelial (simple and transitional) tissues did express the antigen, but non-epithelial tissues were negative. Further characterization revealed that the antigen represents the 17-1A antigen. A not earlier reported, enhanced expression of the 17-1A antigen was observed among some primary and all metastatic SCC.