gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myeloid DAP12-associating lectin (MDL)-1 is a cell surface receptor involved in the activation of myeloid cells (1999)

Crosslinking of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing receptor complexes on a variety of cells leads to their activation through the sequential triggering of protein tyrosine kinases. Recently, DAP12 has been identified as an ITAM-bearing signaling molecule that is noncovalently associated with activating isoforms of MHC class I receptors on natural killer cells. In addition to natural killer cells, DAP12 is expressed in peripheral blood monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, suggesting association with other receptors present in these cell types. In the present study, we report the molecular cloning of the myeloid DAP12-associating lectin-1 (MDL-1), a DAP12-associating membrane receptor expressed exclusively in monocytes and macrophages. MDL-1 is a type II transmembrane protein belonging to the C type lectin superfamily and contains a charged residue in the transmembrane region that enables it to pair with DAP12. Crosslinking of MDL-1/DAP12 complexes in J774 mouse macrophage cells resulted in calcium mobilization. These findings suggest that signaling via MDL-1/DAP12 complexes may constitute a significant activation pathway in myeloid cells.
Loperamide related toxic megacolon in Clostridium difficile colitis (1990)

Bilateral adrenal lymphoma presenting as Addison's disease Sir, In their article, 'Bilateral adrenal lymphoma presenting as Addison's disease',' Dr Pagliuca and associates state that: 'presentation of lymphoma with the clinical and biochemical features of Addison's disease ... has only been reported once. ' The fact is that at least 8 such cases have been reported in the English language medical literature, including one reported by us, in the article: 'Lymphoma presenting with adrenal insufficiency: adrenal enlargement on computed tomographic scanning as a clue to diagnosis ', published in 1988.2 The case reported by Dr Pagliuca et al. may be added to the list of reports in which enlarged adrenal glands seen on computed tomographic scanning during investigation of adrenal insufficiency could serve as a clue to the diagnosis of adrenal lymphoma.
Influenza and other respiratory virus infections in outpatients with medically attended acute respiratory infection during the 2011‐12 influenza season (2014)

Background Respiratory tract infections are a major cause of outpatient visits, yet only a portion is tested to determine the etiologic organism. Multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ( MRT ‐ PCR ) assays for detection of multiple viruses are being used increasingly in clinical settings. Methods During January–April 2012, outpatients with acute respiratory illness (≤7 days) were tested for influenza using singleplex RT ‐ PCR ( SRT ‐ PCR ). A subset was assayed for 18 viruses using MRT ‐ PCR to compare detection of influenza and examine the distribution of viruses and characteristics of patients using multinomial logistic regression. Results Among 662 participants (6 months–82 years), detection of influenza was similar between the MRT‐PCR and SRT‐PCR (κ = 0·83). No virus was identified in 267 (40.3%) samples. Commonly detected viruses were human rhinovirus (HRV, 15·4%), coronavirus (CoV, 10·4%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 8·4%), human metapneumovirus (h MPV , 8·3%), and influenza (6%). Co‐detections were infrequent (6·9%) and most commonly occurred among those &lt;18 years old. In regression analyses, compared with non‐viral illnesses, RSV and hMPV were significantly more frequent in children and less frequent in 18‐ to 49‐year‐olds than in those ≥50 years ( P = 0·01), fever was more common in h MPV and influenza infections ( P = 0·008), nasal congestion was more frequent in C o V , HRV , h MPV , influenza and RSV infections ( P = 0·001), and body mass index was higher among those with influenza ( P = 0·036). Conclusions Using MRT ‐ PCR , a viral etiology was found in three‐fifths of patients with medically attended outpatient visits for acute respiratory illness during the influenza season; co‐detected viruses were infrequent. Symptoms varied by viral etiology.
Diabetic foot ulcers: pathogenesis and management. (1994)

Approximately 60,000 major lower extremity amputations annually are performed on diabetic patients in the United States. Diabetic foot ulcers are a major factor in 84% of these amputations. The ulcers develop as a result of minor trauma or callus breakdown in the insensate foot. Infection and vascular insufficiency lead to gangrene and amputation. Delay in treatment of these ulcers is a major factor leading to gangrene and amputation. The most important treatments of the ulcer are debridement to healthy bleeding tissue, proper culture and antibiotic therapy, identification of osteomyelitis, metabolic control, keeping weight off the foot, and (when indicated) peripheral arterial reconstruction to improve blood flow. Therapeutic shoes to prevent recurrence of the ulcer are extremely important in posttreatment of these ulcers. Because the management of ulcers is complicated, the team approach and consultation are frequently necessary. The most important step in prevention of foot ulcers in the diabetic is repeated patient education in foot care.
Regulation of pantothenate kinase by coenzyme A and its thioesters. (1987)

Pantothenate kinase catalyzes the rate-controlling step in the coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthetic pathway, and its activity is modulated by the size of the CoA pool. The effect of nonesterified CoA (CoASH) and CoA thioesters on the activity of pantothenate kinase was examined to determine which component of the CoA pool is the most effective regulator of the enzyme from Escherichia coli. CoASH was five times more potent than acetyl-CoA or other CoA thioesters as an inhibitor of pantothenate kinase activity in vitro. Inhibition by CoA thioesters was not due to their hydrolysis to CoASH. CoASH inhibition was competitive with respect to ATP, thus providing a mechanism to coordinate CoA production with the energy state of the cell. There were considerable differences in the size and composition of the CoA pool in cells grown on different carbon sources, and a carbon source shift experiment was used to test the inhibitory effect of the different CoA species in vivo. A shift from glucose to acetate as the carbon source resulted in an increase in the CoASH:acetyl-CoA ratio from 0.7 to 4.3. The alteration in the CoA pool composition was associated with the selective inhibition of pantothenate phosphorylation, consistent with CoASH being a more potent regulator of pantothenate kinase activity in vivo. These results demonstrate that CoA biosynthesis is regulated through feedback inhibition of pantothenate kinase primarily by the concentration of CoASH and secondarily by the size of the CoA thioester pool.
Patient experience with intravenous biologic therapies for ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn&rsquo;s disease, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis (2017)

Users of IV biologics are highly satisfied with their medications and perceive the opportunity for health care provider interaction at their infusion facilities as an advantage of their regimen. These findings support continued need for IV therapeutic options and shared decision-making between patients and physicians while selecting biologic treatments.
TACT: a protocol conversion toolkit (1990)

A description is given of TACT (Transport Abstraction Conversion Toolkit), a toolkit (or software function library) for synthesizing conversions between different transport interfaces. TACT classifies transport interfaces according to their abstraction type or basic model of communication. Each actual transport interface is converted to or from a canonical form for its abstraction type, and TACT provides sufficient abstraction converters to convert between all of the canonical forms. A TACT conversion is accomplished by combining some number of elementary conversions that execute in series. Also provided are remedies for other sources of heterogeneity, such as differences in endpoint naming or buffer management. A program that has been augmented with TACT functions can adapt to different available transports at run time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecular Characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum Genes for β-Ketoacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Synthase III ( fabH ) and Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase ( accBCDA ), Which Are Essential for Fatty Acid Biosynthesis (2001)

Genes for subunits of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), which is the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of fatty acids in Lactobacillus plantarum L137, were cloned and characterized. We identified six potential open reading frames, namely, manB, fabH, accB, accC, accD, and accA, in that order. Nucleotide sequence analysis suggested that fabH encoded beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III, that the accB, accC, accD, and accA genes encoded biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase, and the beta and alpha subunits of carboxyltransferase, respectively, and that these genes were clustered. The organization of acc genes was different from that reported for Escherichia coli, for Bacillus subtilis, and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. E. coli accB and accD mutations were complemented by the L. plantarum accB and accD genes, respectively. The predicted products of all five genes were confirmed by using the T7 expression system in E. coli. The gene product of accB was biotinylated in E. coli. Northern and primer extension analyses demonstrated that the five genes in L. plantarum were regulated polycistronically in an acc operon.
Structure−Activity Study To Develop Cationic Lipid-Conjugated Haloperidol Derivatives as a New Class of Anticancer Therapeutics (2011)

Haloperidol (HP), a neuroleptic drug, shows high affinity toward σ receptors (SR). HP and reduced-HP at higher concentration were known to induce apoptosis in SR-overexpressing carcinomas and melanomas. Herein, we report the development of cationic lipid-conjugated haloperidol as a new class of anticancer therapeutics. In comparison to HP, the C-8 carbon chain analogue (HP-C8) showed significantly high, SR-assisted antiproliferative activity against cancer cells via caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and down-regulation of pAkt. Moreover, melanoma tumor aggressiveness in HP-C8-treated mice was significantly lower than that in HP-treated mice. HP-C8 simultaneously reduced Akt-protein level and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in vascular endothelial cells, thereby indicating a possible protein kinase down-regulatory and apoptosis inducing role in tumor-associated vascular cells. In conclusion, we developed σ receptor-targeting cationic lipid-modified HP derivatives as a promising class of anticancer therapeutic that concurrently affects cancer and tumor environment associated angiogenic vascular cells through induction of apoptosis and Akt protein down-regulation.
Gene therapy for brain tumors: regression of experimental gliomas by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in vivo. (1994)

The therapeutic efficacy of adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene transduction of rat C6 glioma cells followed by ganciclovir (GCV) administration was studied in tumors generated in the brains of nude mice. C6 glioma cells were efficiently transduced in vitro by a replicative-defective recombinant adenovirus carrying the HSV-tk gene (ADV/RSV-tk) that rendered them sensitive to GCV in a dose-dependent manner. Tumors were generated by stereotaxic intracerebral injection of 1 x 10(4) C6 cells in nude mice. After 8 days of tumor growth, 3 x 10(8) ADV/RSV-tk viral particles were injected into the tumors and the mice subsequently were treated with GCV for 6 days. Tumor size in untreated and treated animals was compared 20 days after tumor implantation. The mean cross-sectional area of the tumors in the treated animals was 23-fold smaller than in control animals and the tumor volume was reduced by > 500-fold. These results demonstrate that the recombinant adenoviral vector can function as an efficient gene delivery vehicle for the treatment of gliomas by in vivo gene therapy.
Lactobacillus casei 64H Contains a Phosphoenolpyruvate-Dependent Phosphotransferase System for Uptake of Galactose, as Confirmed by Analysis of ptsH and Different gal Mutants (1999)

Galactose metabolism in Lactobacillus casei 64H was analyzed by genetic and biochemical methods. Mutants with defects in ptsH, galK, or the tagatose 6-phosphate pathway were isolated either by positive selection using 2-deoxyglucose or 2-deoxygalactose or by an enrichment procedure with streptozotocin. ptsH mutations abolish growth on lactose, cellobiose, N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, fructose, mannitol, glucitol, and ribitol, while growth on galactose continues at a reduced rate. Growth on galactose is also reduced, but not abolished, in galK mutants. A mutation in galK in combination with a mutation in the tagatose 6-phosphate pathway results in sensitivity to galactose and lactose, while a galK mutation in combination with a mutation in ptsH completely abolishes galactose metabolism. Transport assays, in vitro phosphorylation assays, and thin-layer chromatography of intermediates of galactose metabolism also indicate the functioning of a permease/Leloir pathway and a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS)/tagatose 6-phosphate pathway. The galactose-PTS is induced by growth on either galactose or lactose, but the induction kinetics for the two substrates are different.
Two-photon spectra of aromatic molecules (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo-photon spectra of aromatic moleculesLionel Goodman and Richard P. RavaCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1984, 17, 7, 250–257Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00103a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00103a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views373Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
G418-mediated ribosomal read-through of a nonsense mutation causing autosomal recessive proximal renal tubular acidosis (2008)

Autosomal recessive proximal renal tubular acidosis is caused by mutations in the SLC4A4 gene encoding the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1-A. The mutations that have been characterized thus far result in premature truncation, mistargeting, or decreased function of the cotransporter. Despite bicarbonate treatment to correct the metabolic acidosis, extrarenal manifestations persist, including glaucoma, cataracts, corneal opacification, and mental retardation. Currently, there are no known therapeutic approaches that can specifically target mutant NBCe1-A proteins. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the NBCe1-A-Q29X mutation can be rescued in vitro by treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics, which are known for their ability to suppress premature stop codons. As a model system, we cloned the NBCe1-A-Q29X mutant into a vector lacking an aminoglycoside resistance gene and transfected the mutant cotransporter in HEK293-H cells. Cells transfected with the NBCe1-A-Q29X mutant failed to express the cotransporter because of the premature stop codon. Treatment of the cells with G418 significantly increased the expression of the full-length cotransporter, as assessed by immunoblot analysis. Furthermore, immunocytochemical studies demonstrated that G418 treatment induced cotransporter expression on the plasma membrane whereas in the absence of G418, NBCe1-A-Q29X was not expressed. In HEK293-H cells transfected with the NBCe1-A-Q29X mutant not treated with G418, NBCe1-A-mediated flux was not detectable. In contrast, in cells transfected with the NBCe1-A-Q29X mutant, G418 treatment induced Na(+)- and HCO(3)(-)-dependent transport that did not differ from wild-type NBCe1-A function. G418 treatment in mock-transfected cells was without effect. In conclusion, G418 induces ribosomal read-through of the NBCe1-A-Q29X mutation in HEK293-H cells. These findings represent the first evidence that in the presence of the NBCe1-A-Q29X mutation that causes proximal renal tubular acidosis, full-length functional NBCe1-A protein can be produced. Our results provide the first demonstration of a mutation in NBCe1-A that has been treated in a targeted and specific manner.
Human Wharton's Jelly stem cell conditioned medium and cell‐free lysate inhibit human osteosarcoma and mammary carcinoma cell growth in vitro and in xenograft mice (2012)

Human Wharton's jelly stem cells (hWJSCs) were shown to inhibit the growth of human mammary carcinomas. It is not known whether cell-free secretions or lysates of hWJSCs do the same on different cancers. They may be less controversial than cells to regulatory bodies for clinical application. We examined the influence of hWJSC conditioned medium (hWJSC-CM) and cell-free lysate (hWJSC-CL) on two osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63, SKES-1) in vitro and on human mammary carcinomas in immunodeficient mice. When exposed to hWJSC-CL, increased vacuolations in MG-63 and increased membrane fragmentation in SKES-1 cells were observed, with greater cell death in SKES-1. Exposure of SKES-1 and MG-63 cells to hWJSC-CL showed significant decreases in cell proliferation of 46.48 ± 6.66% and 24.32 ± 5.67% respectively compared to controls. MG-63 and SKES-1 cells were annexin V-FITC positive and SKES-1 TUNEL positive following treatment with hWJSC-CM and hWJSC-CL. MG-63 cells were positive and SKES-1 cells negative for anti-BECLIN-1 and anti-LC3B following treatment with hWJSC-CM and hWJSC-CL. RT-PCR showed that the pro-apoptotic BAX gene and the autophagy-related ATG-5 and BECLIN-1 genes were up-regulated while the anti-apoptotic BCL2 and SURVIVIN genes were down-regulated in MG-63 and SKES-1 cells treated with hWJSC-CM and hWJSC-CL. Injections of hWJSCs and hWJSC-CM into mammary carcinomas in immunodeficient mice resulted in decreased tumor sizes and weights of 24.86 ± 6.05% to 37.03 ± 5.91% and 47.14 ± 7.36% to 55.09 ± 5.87% respectively at 6 weeks compared to controls. hWJSC-CM and hWJSC-CL inhibit mammary carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells via apoptosis and autophagy.
Lenalidomide plus Dexamethasone for High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (2013)

Early treatment for patients with high-risk smoldering myeloma delays progression to active disease and increases overall survival. (Funded by Celgene; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00480363.).
A Simple Method for tert-Butoxycarbonylation of Amides. (1986)

L'alcoxycarbonylation de formamide, benzamide, acetamide, sulfonamides et carbamates se fait par reaction avec le dicarbonate de di-t-butyle en presence de dimethylamino-4 pyridine dans l'acetonitrile aqueux
Markers on Distal Chromosome 2q Linked to Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1996)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a multigenic autoimmune disease. An IDDM susceptibility gene was mapped to chromosome 2q34. This gene may act early in diabetogenesis, because “preclinical” individuals also showed linkage. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-disparate, but not HLA-identical, sibs showed linkage, which was even stronger in families with affected females. The genes encoding insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins 2 and 5 were mapped to a 4-megabase pair interval near this locus. These results indicate the existence of a gene that acts at an early stage in IDDM development, screening for which may identify a specific subset of at-risk individuals.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2012)

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was defined in 1994 by the American-European Consensus Conference (AECC); since then, issues regarding the reliability and validity of this definition have emerged. Using a consensus process, a panel of experts convened in 2011 (an initiative of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine endorsed by the American Thoracic Society and the Society of Critical Care Medicine) developed the Berlin Definition, focusing on feasibility, reliability, validity, and objective evaluation of its performance. A draft definition proposed 3 mutually exclusive categories of ARDS based on degree of hypoxemia: mild (200 mm Hg &lt; PaO2/FIO2 ≤ 300 mm Hg), moderate (100 mm Hg &lt; PaO2/FIO2 ≤ 200 mm Hg), and severe (PaO2/FIO2 ≤ 100 mm Hg) and 4 ancillary variables for severe ARDS: radiographic severity, respiratory system compliance (≤40 mL/cm H2O), positive end-expiratory pressure (≥10 cm H2O), and corrected expired volume per minute (≥10 L/min). The draft Berlin Definition was empirically evaluated using patient-level meta-analysis of 4188 patients with ARDS from 4 multicenter clinical data sets and 269 patients with ARDS from 3 single-center data sets containing physiologic information. The 4 ancillary variables did not contribute to the predictive validity of severe ARDS for mortality and were removed from the definition. Using the Berlin Definition, stages of mild, moderate, and severe ARDS were associated with increased mortality (27%; 95% CI, 24%-30%; 32%; 95% CI, 29%-34%; and 45%; 95% CI, 42%-48%, respectively; P &lt; .001) and increased median duration of mechanical ventilation in survivors (5 days; interquartile [IQR], 2-11; 7 days; IQR, 4-14; and 9 days; IQR, 5-17, respectively; P &lt; .001). Compared with the AECC definition, the final Berlin Definition had better predictive validity for mortality, with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.577 (95% CI, 0.561-0.593) vs 0.536 (95% CI, 0.520-0.553; P &lt; .001). This updated and revised Berlin Definition for ARDS addresses a number of the limitations of the AECC definition. The approach of combining consensus discussions with empirical evaluation may serve as a model to create more accurate, evidence-based, critical illness syndrome definitions and to better inform clinical care, research, and health services planning.
Chemistry and Biology of Roseophilin and the Prodigiosin Alkaloids: A Survey of the Last 2500 Years (2003)

The pyrrole alkaloids of the prodigiosin family make up an unusual chapter in the chemistry of natural products. Owing to the characteristic red color of these secondary metabolites, colonies of the Gram-negative-producing bacteria may strikingly resemble droplets of blood. This phenomenon caused considerable confusion in the past and was likely responsible for many seemingly miraculous (prodigious) events. After the eventual transition from superstition to science, the prodigiosins started to attract considerable attention because of their promising physiological properties. Most interesting are the immunosuppressive activities at doses that are not cytotoxic, in particular since in vivo studies suggest that the prodigiosins act synergistically with cyclosporine A or FK 506, which are presently the dominant drugs in clinical immunosuppressive regimens. Furthermore, the chemistry of the closely related and structurally rather unique alkaloid roseophilin is summarized, a cytotoxic agent that recently became the focal point of many innovative total syntheses.