gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Interactions of SCH-C (SCH 351125), a CCR5 Antagonist, with Other Antiretroviral Agents In Vitro (2002)

SCH-C (SCH 351125) is a small-molecule antagonist of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) coreceptor CCR5. It has in vitro activity against R5 viruses with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 30.9 nM. We have studied anti-HIV-1 interactions of SCH-C with other antiretroviral agents in vitro. Synergistic interactions were seen with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (zidovudine and lamivudine), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (efavirenz), and protease inhibitors (indinavir) at all inhibitory concentrations evaluated. We have also studied antiviral interactions between the HIV-1 fusion inhibitor T-20 and SCH-C against a panel of R5 HIV-1 isolates. We found synergistic interactions against all the viruses tested, some of which harbored resistance mutations to reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors. Anti-HIV-1 synergy was also observed between SCH-C and another R5 virus inhibitor, aminooxypentane-RANTES. These findings suggest that SCH-C may be a useful anti-HIV drug in combination regimens and that a combination of chemokine coreceptor/fusion inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of multidrug-resistant viruses.
CEACAM1 in Cervical Cancer and Precursor Lesions: Association With Human Papillomavirus Infection (2006)

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is an adhesion molecule expressed in a wide variety of tissues including epithelial cells, leukocytes, and tumors that may establish both homotypic and heterotypic interactions. The aim of this work was to study the protein expression pattern of CEACAM1 in cervical cancer and precursor lesions in the context of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. We used immunohistochemistry to analyze CEACAM1 expression in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical tissues from 15 healthy women, 15 patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), 15 patients with high-grade SIL, and 15 patients with squamous carcinomas. HPV types were identified by PCR. CEACAM1 was either undetectable (13/15) or low (2/15) in normal cervical tissues. By contrast, CEACAM1 expression was increased in high-grade SIL (10 samples staining intermediate/high and 4 samples staining low) as compared with low-grade SIL with undetectable (n=3) or low (n=12) expression. CEACAM1 expression was undetectable or low in cervical carcinoma. Our results suggest that CEACAM1 may be an interesting progression marker in SIL and cervical cancer, in particular due to reported immunoregulatory properties.
Electrochemistry of well-defined surfaces (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemistry of well-defined surfacesArthur T. HubbardCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1980, 13, 6, 177–184Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50150a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50150a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views440Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MULTICENTER TRIAL OF TOWNE STRAIN ATTENUATED VIRUS VACCINE IN SERONEGATIVE RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS (1994)

The Towne strain of attenuated CMV vaccine was compared with placebo in seronegative renal transplants who later received kidneys from seropositive donors. This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted at 3 different institutions. The results were consistent with 2 prior studies, in that whereas mild CMV disease was only slightly and insignificantly reduced in vaccine recipients, severe disease was markedly reduced. In the current study, all 4 severe cases of CMV disease occurred in placebo recipients, for an incidence of 17%, versus 0% in vaccine recipients (P < 0.03). Thus, prior immunization rendered seronegative patients more resistant to the effects of CMV infection.
The expression of a small fraction of cellular genes is changed in response to histone hyperacetylation. (1996)

Posttranslational modifications of histones in chromatin are emerging as an important mechanism in the regulation of gene expression. Changes in histone acetylation levels occur during many nuclear processes such as replication, transcriptional silencing, and activation. Histone acetylation levels represent the result of a dynamic equilibrium between competing histone deacetylase(s) and histone acetylase(s). We have used two new specific inhibitors of histone deacetylase, trichostatin A (TSA) and trapoxin (TPX), to probe the effect of histone hyperacetylation on gene expression. We confirm that both drugs block histone deacetylase activity and have no detectable effects on histone acetylation rates in human lymphoid cell lines. Treatment with either TSA or TPX results in the transcriptional activation of HIV-1 gene expression in latently infected cell lines. In contrast, TSA and TPX cause a rapid decrease in c-myc gene expression and no change in the expression of the gene for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Using differential display to compare the differences in gene expression between untreated cells and cells treated with TSA, we found that the expression of approximately 2% of cellular genes (8 genes out of approximately 340 examined) changes in response to TSA treatment. These results demonstrate that the transcriptional regulation of a restricted set of cellular genes is uniquely sensitive to the degree of histone acetylation in chromatin.
Development of a Highly Sensitive Nested-PCR Procedure Using a Single Closed Tube for Detection of Erwinia amylovora in Asymptomatic Plant Material (2000)

A novel method, which involves a nested PCR in a single closed tube, was developed for the sensitive detection of Erwinia amylovora in plant material. The external and internal primer pairs used had different annealing temperatures and directed the amplification of a specific DNA fragment from plasmid pEA29. The procedure involved two consecutive PCRs, the first of which was performed at a higher annealing temperature that allowed amplification only by the external primer pair. Using pure cultures of E. amylovora, the sensitivity of the nested PCR in one tube was similar to that of a standard nested PCR in two tubes. The specificity and sensitivity were greater than those of standard PCR procedures that used a single primer pair. The presence of inhibitors in plant material, very common in E. amylovora hosts, is overcome with this system in combination with a simple DNA extraction protocol because it eliminates many of the inhibitory compounds. In addition, it needs a very small sample volume (1 microl of DNA extracted). With 83 samples of naturally infected material, this method achieved better results than any other PCR technique: standard PCR detected 55% of positive samples, two-tube nested PCR detected 71% of positive samples, and nested PCR in a single closed tube detected 78% of positive samples. When analyzing asymptomatic plant material, the number of positive samples detected by the developed nested PCR was also the highest, compared with the PCR protocols indicated previously (17, 20, and 25% of 251 samples analyzed, respectively). This method is proposed for the detection of endophytic and epiphytic populations of E. amylovora in epidemiological studies and for routine use in quarantine surveys, due to its high sensitivity, specificity, speed, and simplicity.
The carboxyl-terminal end of protective antigen is required for receptor binding and anthrax toxin activity (1991)

Anthrax toxin consists of three separate proteins produced by Bacillus anthracis: protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF). Previous work showed that the process by which these proteins damage eukaryotic cells begins with binding of PA (83 kDa) to cell surface receptors. PA is then cleaved by a cell surface protease so as to expose a high-affinity binding site for LF or EF on the COOH-terminal, receptor-bound, 63-kilodalton fragment. In this report we more closely define a region of PA involved in receptor binding. The gene encoding PA was mutagenized so as to delete 3, 5, 7, 12, or 14 amino acids from the carboxyl terminus of the protein, and the truncated PA variants were purified from Bacillus subtilis or Escherichia coli. Deletion of 3, 5, or 7 amino acids reduced the binding of PA to cells and the subsequent toxicity of the PA.LF complex to J774A.1 cells and also the ability to cause EF binding to cells. Deletion of 12 or 14 amino acids completely eliminated all these activities. These results show that the carboxy terminus comprises or is part of the receptor-binding domain of PA.
TGF-ß Signaling in Fibroblasts Modulates the Oncogenic Potential of Adjacent Epithelia (2004)

Stromal cells can have a significant impact on the carcinogenic process in adjacent epithelia. The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in such epithelial-mesenchymal interactions was determined by conditional inactivation of the TGF-beta type II receptor gene in mouse fibroblasts (Tgfbr2fspKO). The loss of TGF-beta responsiveness in fibroblasts resulted in intraepithelial neoplasia in prostate and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach, both associated with an increased abundance of stromal cells. Activation of paracrine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling was identified as one possible mechanism for stimulation of epithelial proliferation. Thus, TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the growth and oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia in selected tissues.
Limits for generalized sidelobe cancellers with embedded acoustic echo cancellation (2002)

This paper analyzes positive synergies and theoretical limits of the combination of acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) and generalized sidelobe cancellers (GSC) for the removal of echoes of loudspeaker signals and local interferers. While the proposed system only requires one AEC for an arbitrary number of microphones, the array gain is limited by the number of sensor channels when all interferers arrive from different directions-of-arrival (DOAs). The paper also shows that the degrees of freedom of the adaptive sidelobe cancelling path are not sufficient when local interferers and acoustic echoes have common DOAs.
ACE Inhibitors Improve Diabetic Nephropathy Through Suppression of Renal MCP-1 (2003)

Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy reduces uMCP-1 levels and improves renal function. Because MCP-1 induces monocyte immigration and differentiation to macrophages, which augment extracellular matrix production and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, pharmacological reduction of angiotensin II may also exert its beneficial effects in diabetic nephropathy by downregulation of renal MCP-1.
Anticancer efficacy of Magainin2 and analogue peptides. (1993)

Linear helical channel-forming peptides structurally similar to the Xenopus-derived antibiotic, Magainin2-amide, were synthesized. Because activity resides in the physicochemical properties of the peptides, an all-D-amino acid as well as an all-L-amino acid sequence were tested for anticancer activity. In vitro activity against carcinoma cells and in vivo efficacy against four murine ascites tumors were determined. The novel peptides proved to have enhanced potency in vitro and in vivo as compared to the parent compound. The 50% inhibitory concentrations against A549 cells for the all-D, the all-L, and Magainin2 were 6, 10, and 110 micrograms/ml, respectively. All three peptides had activity against P388 leukemia, S180 ascites, and a spontaneous ovarian tumor when injected i.p. Increase in life span of over 100% was produced for the analogues in the latter two models. The maximally effective concentrations for the analogues were 20 to 25 mg/kg while Magainin2 required 50-60 mg/kg for in vivo efficacy. The all-D-amino acid peptide, MSI-238, proved as effective as doxorubicin at a more advanced stage of the ovarian tumor and this activity may be attributed to its resistance to proteolytic degradation. Therefore, this class of amphiphilic alpha-helical cationic peptides has potential in the peritoneal treatment of ovarian cancer.
Early Events in M-CSF Receptor Signaling (2000)

The M-CSF receptor (M-CSFR) is expressed in monocytes-macrophages and their progenitors, and drives growth and development of this blood cell lineage. The M-CSFR is a member of a small family of growth factor receptors exhibiting related structures but distinct tissue-specific functions. This review discusses the early molecular events in the M-CSF signaling mechanisms, positive signals, negative signals, the possible organization of individual signaling pathways, and the problem of achieving specificity in the signal transduction mechanism.
The ClustRa Telecom Database: High Availability, High Throughput, and Real-Time Response (1995)

New telecommunication services and mo-bility networks have introduced databases in telecommunication networks. Compared with traditional use of databases, telecom databases must fulfill very tough requirements on response time, throughput, and availabil-ity. ClustRa is a telecom database prototype developed to run on standard workstations in-terconnected by an ATM switch. To meet the throughput and real-time response require-ments, ClustRa is a main memory database with neighbor main, memory logging. Trans-actions are executed in parallel. To meet the availability requirements, we use a 2-safe repli-cation scheme over two sites with independent failure modes, a novel declustering strategy, early detection of failures with fast takeover, and by on-line self-repair and maintenance. This paper gives an overview of ClustRa and includes a set of performance measurements. 1
Human testis cDNA for the regulatory subunit RIIα of CAMP‐dependent protein kinase encodes an alternate amino‐terminal region (1989)

Phosphorylations catalyzed by cAMP-dependent protein kinase are essential for sperm motility, and type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase in mature sperm has been shown to be firmly bound to the flagellum via the regulatory subunit, RII. The present study documents high-levelled expression of a human, testis-specific RII alpha mRNA (2.0 kb) analogous to the rat mRNA which is induced in haploid germ cells [(1988) FEBS Lett. 229, 391-394]. We report the molecular cloning of a full-length human cDNA corresponding to this unique testis mRNA, and the presence of an alternative amino-terminal region (amino acids 45-75) of the predicted RII alpha protein (404 amino acids) compared with the previously published mouse and rat sequences. However, this alternate region is also shown to be present in RII alpha mRNA (7.0 kb) of human somatic cells. Our data indicate the divergent amino-terminal sequence to be due to species differences, suggesting an active evolutionary pressure on this particular region, which could be involved in subcellular attachment of RII alpha and thereby localization of kinase activity to certain targets within the cell.
BILUTM: A Domain-Based Multilevel Block ILUT Preconditioner for General Sparse Matrices (1999)

This paper describes a domain-based multilevel block ILU preconditioner (BILUTM) for solving general sparse linear systems. This preconditioner combines a high accuracy incomplete LU factorization with an algebraic multilevel recursive reduction. Thus, in the first level the matrix is permuted into a block form using (block) independent set ordering and an ILUT factorization for the reordered matrix is performed. The reduced system is the approximate Schur complement associated with the partitioning, and it is obtained implicitly as a by-product of the partial ILUT factorization with respect to the complement of the independent set. The incomplete factorization process is repeated with the reduced systems recursively. The last reduced system is factored approximately using ILUT again. The successive reduced systems are not stored. This implementation is efficient in controlling the fill-in elements during the multilevel block ILU factorization, especially when large size blocks are used in domain decomposition-type implementations. Numerical experiments are used to show the robustness and efficiency of the proposed technique for solving some difficult problems.
Testing implementations of transactional memory (2006)

Transactional memory is an attractive design concept for scalable multiprocessors because it offers efficient lock-free synchronization and greatly simplifies parallel software. Given the subtle issues involved with concurrency and atomicity, however, it is important that transactional memory systems be carefully designed and aggressively tested to ensure their correctness. In this paper, we propose an axiomatic framework to model the formal specification of a realistic transactional memory system which may contain a mix of transactional and non-transactional operations. Using this framework and extensions to analysis algorithms originally developed for checking traditional memory consistency, we show that the widely practiced pseudo-random testing methodology can be effectively applied to transactional memory systems. Our testing methodology was successful in finding previously unknown bugs in the implementation of TCC, a transactional memory system. We study two flavors of the underlying analysis algorithm, one incomplete and the other complete, and show that the complete algorithm while being theoretically intractable is very efficient in practice.
Ferritin Protein Nanocage Ion Channels (2012)

Ferritin protein nanocages, self-assembled from four-α-helix bundle subunits, use Fe(2+) and oxygen to synthesize encapsulated, ferric oxide minerals. Ferritin minerals are iron concentrates stored for cell growth. Ferritins are also antioxidants, scavenging Fenton chemistry reactants. Channels for iron entry and exit consist of helical hairpin segments surrounding the 3-fold symmetry axes of the ferritin nanocages. We now report structural differences caused by amino acid substitutions in the Fe(2+) ion entry and exit channels and at the cytoplasmic pores, from high resolution (1.3-1.8 Å) protein crystal structures of the eukaryotic model ferritin, frog M. Mutations that eliminate conserved ionic or hydrophobic interactions between Arg-72 and Asp-122 and between Leu-110 and Leu-134 increase flexibility in the ion channels, cytoplasmic pores, and/or the N-terminal extensions of the helix bundles. Decreased ion binding in the channels and changes in ordered water are also observed. Protein structural changes coincide with increased Fe(2+) exit from dissolved, ferric minerals inside ferritin protein cages; Fe(2+) exit from ferritin cages depends on a complex, surface-limited process to reduce and dissolve the ferric mineral. High concentrations of bovine serum albumin or lysozyme (protein crowders) to mimic the cytoplasm restored Fe(2+) exit in the variants to wild type. The data suggest that fluctuations in pore structure control gating. The newly identified role of the ferritin subunit N-terminal extensions in gating Fe(2+) exit from the cytoplasmic pores strengthens the structural and functional analogies between ferritin ion channels in the water-soluble protein assembly and membrane protein ion channels gated by cytoplasmic N-terminal peptides.
OCF--A new coding algorithm for high quality sound signals (2005)

Optimum Coding in the Frequency domain (OCF) uses entropy coding of quantized spectral coefficients to efficiently code high quality sound signals with 3 bits/sample. In an iterative algorithm psychoacoustic weigthing is used to get the quantization noise to be masked in every critical band. The coder itself uses iterative quantizer control to get each data block to be coded with a fixed number of bits. Details about the OCF-Coder are presented together with information about the codebook needed and the training for the entropy coder. An algorithm for calculating a noise-to-mask ratio is presented which helps to identify, where quantization noise could be audible.
Human regulatory T cells: role in autoimmune disease and therapeutic opportunities (2008)

The importance of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) in the control of autoimmunity is now well established in a variety of experimental animal models. In addition, there are numerous studies suggesting that Treg deficits may be an underlying cause of human autoimmune diseases. The emergence of Tregs as an essential component of immune homeostasis provides a potential therapeutic opportunity for active immune regulation and long-term tolerance induction. In this article, we summarize the core basic science and animal model studies of Tregs, review the status of multiple biologic and small molecule chemical compounds to promote Treg development in vivo, and discuss recent advances for the identification and expansion of polyclonal and antigen-specific Tregs for adoptive immunotherapy. In summary, the review provides an in-depth analysis and highlights the challenges and opportunities for immune intervention with Treg-based therapeutics.
Properties of pertussis toxin B oligomer assembled in vitro from recombinant polypeptides produced by Escherichia coli (1992)

The subunits that make up the pentameric B oligomer of pertussis toxin (S2, S3, S4, and S5) were individually synthesized as recombinant polypeptides in Escherichia coli, isolated as insoluble inclusion bodies, and assembled into a multimeric form in vitro by spontaneous association following treatment with a chaotropic agent, reduction, and reoxidation. The recombinant B multimer, purified by fetuin-Sepharose affinity chromatography, contained all four of the individual subunits and possessed the mitogenic and hemagglutinating activities characteristic of the native B oligomer. Immunization of mice with the recombinant B oligomer elicited antibodies that neutralized pertussis toxin in vitro and, moreover, provided protection in vivo against the leukocytosis-promoting activity of the toxin. These results demonstrate the potential for assembly of complex multimeric proteins from recombinant DNA-derived polypeptides and provide a novel means for production of an acellular pertussis vaccine component.