gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absorption and Multiple Scattering by Biological Suspensions* (1970)

We first specialize multiple-scattering theory for uncorrelated distributions of large, low-refracting, absorbing particles to similarly and randomly aligned spheroids. The theory takes into account backscattering interface effects, but neglects the smaller coherent reflection effects. Then we illustrate how the results can be used in optical diagnostics on suspensions of cells for biomedical purposes. We consider the isolation of molecular absorption coefficients for transmission and reflection oximetry on whole blood, scattering-shifted absorption extrema, cell-membrane fragilometry and the effects of osmotic swelling, and some asymmetrical scattering effects for optical monitoring of cell alignment in fluid-transport processes. In measurements on thin samples at wavelengths corresponding to relatively small absorption, pronounced minima in transmission and maxima in reflection have been observed for suspensions about half-full of cells; we discuss simple approximations that indicate the essentials of the phenomena.
Cognitive deficits in the remitted state of unipolar depressive disorder. (2012)

Cognitive deficits are present in patients with unipolar disorder in the remitted state. The deficits seem to reside more within the cognitive domain of attention than within other domains, and may be characterized by impairment of processing speed and cognitive flexibility.
Regulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis by DJ-1 in thyroid cancer cells (2008)

DJ-1, a cancer-associated protein protects cells from multiple toxic stresses. The expression of DJ-1 and its influence on thyroid cancer cell death has not been investigated so far. We analyzed DJ-1 expression in human thyroid carcinoma cell lines and the effect of DJ-1 on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. DJ-1 was expressed in human thyroid carcinoma cell lines; small interfering RNA-mediated downregulation of its levels significantly sensitized thyroid carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, whereas the forced exogenous expression of DJ-1 significantly suppressed cell death induced by TRAIL. We also report here that TRAIL-induced thyroid cancer cell apoptosis is mediated by oxidative stress and that DJ-1, a potent nutritional antioxidant, protects cancer cells from apoptosis at least in part by impeding the elevation of reactive oxygen species levels induced by TRAIL and impairing caspase-8 activation. Subsequently, we investigated DJ-1 expression in 52 normal and 74 primary thyroid carcinomas from patients of China Medical University. The protein was not detectable in the 52 specimens of normal thyroid, while 70 out of 74 analyzed carcinomas (33 out of 33 follicular, 17 out of 19 papillary, 12 out of 13 medullar, and 8 out of 9 anaplastic) were clearly positive for DJ-1 expression. Our data demonstrated that DJ-1 is specifically expressed in thyroid carcinomas and not in the normal thyroid tissue. In addition, the protein modulates the response to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human neoplastic thyroid cells, at least partially through its antioxidant property.
Editor's Note (2002)

When we accepted the articles for this issue of The Lion and the Unicorn, America was in a different frame of mind. War was remote, something children could read about in books such as Lowry's Number the Stars and Kerr's When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit. Tove Jansson was still alive. We note her passing in April 2001 and thank Reuben Sanchez for his insightful article. It was a world, at least for Americans, more in keeping with Richmal Crompton's William stories and the Jill pony stories of Ruby Ferguson. But since September 11, our world now contains daily references to war and reminders of the loss of life in the Pentagon and World Trade Center attacks. One bright note has been the release of the Harry Potter movie in November, but that month also brought the news of the death of Mitzi Myers, a longtime contributor to the field of children's literature.
Effects of Different Soil Moisture on the Growth of Plantago asiatica L. (1983)

This research was made over drought resistance and optimum soil moisture needed with Plantago asiatica L. as the material by means of making out the process of its growth under different soil moisture contents. The soil used for the experiment was a mixture of vermiculite and c-layer soil, and the process of growth was compared with each other controlling its soil mositure as: 7%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%. In 7% range of soil moisture which was of low content, the increase of growth was neither significantly indicated nor any permanent seeding done. In view of this phenomenon, Plantago asiatica L. appeared to be highly drought-resistant. It was found rising at 30% range and reaching the optimum state at 45% range and falling down at 60% range range. In viw of this fluctuation indicated above, the optimum soil moisture content needed for the growth of Plantago asiatica L. is thought to be between 30% and 60%. It is thought the number of seed per capsule is not affected by the soil moisture content. It is expected an ecotypic variation by the soil moisture content will bring forth upon Plantago asiatica L.
TCR engagement negatively affects CD8 but not CD4 CAR T cell expansion and leukemic clearance (2017)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells induce durable remissions in patients with relapsed/refractory B cell malignancies. CARs are synthetic constructs that, when introduced into mature T cells, confer a second, non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted specificity in addition to the endogenous T cell receptor (TCR). The implications of TCR activation on CAR T cell efficacy has not been well defined. Using an immunocompetent, syngeneic murine model of CD19-targeted CAR T cell therapy for pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in which the CAR is introduced into T cells with known TCR specificity, we demonstrate loss of CD8 CAR T cell efficacy associated with T cell exhaustion and apoptosis when TCR antigen is present. CD4 CAR T cells demonstrate equivalent cytotoxicity to CD8 CAR T cells and, in contrast, retain in vivo efficacy despite TCR stimulation. Gene expression profiles confirm increased exhaustion and apoptosis of CD8 CAR T cells upon dual receptor stimulation compared to CD4 CAR T cells and indicate inherent differences between CD4 and CD8 CAR T cells in the use of T cell-associated signaling pathways. These results provide insights into important aspects of CAR T cell immune biology and indicate opportunities to rationally design CAR constructs to optimize clinical efficacy.
PROSTAGLANDINS AND CANCER (2005)

Chemoprevention has been considered as a possible approach for cancer prevention. A significant effort has been made in the development of novel drugs for both cancer prevention and treatment over the past decade. Recent epidemiological studies and clinical trials indicate that long term use of aspirin and similar agents, also called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can decrease the incidence of certain malignancies, including colorectal, oesophageal, breast, lung, and bladder cancers. The best known targets of NSAIDs are cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane. COX-2 derived prostaglandin E(2)(PGE(2)) can promote tumour growth by binding its receptors and activating signalling pathways which control cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and/or angiogenesis. However, the prolonged use of high dosages of COX-2 selective inhibitors (COXIBs) is associated with unacceptable cardiovascular side effects. Thus it is crucial to develop more effective chemopreventive agents with minimal toxicity. Recent efforts to identify the molecular mechanisms by which PGE(2) promotes tumour growth and metastasis may provide opportunities for the development of safer strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
Integrated genomic and expression profiling in mantle cell lymphoma: identification of gene‐dosage regulated candidate genes (2008)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation and several other cytogenetic aberrations, including heterozygous loss of chromosomal arms 1p, 6q, 11q and 13q and/or gains of 3q and 8q. The common intervals of chromosomal imbalance have been narrowed down using array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). However, the chromosomal intervals still contain many genes potentially involved in MCL pathogeny. Combined analysis of tiling-resolution array-CGH with gene expression profiling on 11 MCL tumours enabled the identification of genomic alterations and their corresponding gene expression profiles. Only subsets of genes located within given cytogenetic anomaly-intervals showed a concomitant change in mRNA expression level. The genes that showed consistent correlation between DNA copy number and RNA expression levels are likely to be important in MCL pathology. Besides several 'anonymous genes', we also identified various fully annotated genes, whose gene products are involved in cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated pathways (PRKACB), DNA damage repair, maintenance of chromosome stability and prevention of rereplication (ATM, ERCC5, FBXO5), energy metabolism (such as genes that are involved in the synthesis of proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome) and signal transduction (ARHGAP29). Deregulation of these gene products may interfere with the signalling pathways that are involved in MCL tumour development and maintenance.
Inhibition and deficiency of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 attenuates LCMV‐induced meningitis (2015)

In addition to antigen processing, immunoproteasomes were recently shown to exert functions influencing cytokine production by monocytes and T cells, T-helper cell differentiation, and T-cell survival. Moreover, selective inhibition of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 ameliorated symptoms of autoimmune diseases including CD4(+) T-cell mediated EAE. In this study, we show that LMP7 also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-induced meningitis mediated by CTLs. Mice lacking functional LMP7 display delayed and reduced clinical signs of disease accompanied by a strongly decreased inflammatory infiltration into the brain. Interestingly, we found that selective inhibition and genetic deficiency of LMP7 affect the pathogenesis of LCMV-induced meningitis in a distinct manner. Our findings support the important role of LMP7 in inflammatory disorders and suggest immunoproteasome inhibition as a novel strategy against inflammation-induced neuropathology in the CNS.
Use of a nitrocellulose film substrate in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for DNA mapping and screening (1995)

A nitrocellulose film is used as a substrate in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) studies of DNA. PCR products and DNA fragment digests obtained from biochemical procedures can be analyzed with the use of a nitrocellulose substrate in MALDI MS whereas no signal is observed with the use of a stainless steel substrate. In this method, on-probe purification allows for effective elimination of the interfering effects of salts, buffers, and other contaminants that are usually present in DNA samples, which serve as important limiting factors in the DNA molecular ion yield in the MALDI process. The use of the nitrocellulose film substrate also appears to improve the shot-to-shot and sample-to-sample reproducibility of the ion yield due to the more homogeneous coverage of matrix/analyte over the sample surface. With the use of the nitrocellulose substrate, DNA fragments of up to 622 base pairs in complex mixtures provide mass spectra with minimal sample purification. Although only species corresponding to single-stranded DNA were detected, a mass calibration scheme was established allowing an accuracy of within one base pair for fragments of < 250 bp under the experimental conditions. Despite the low mass resolution of the spectra obtained, the method has been successfully used for rapid DNA screening for sample disease genes and PCR products.
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a novel heparin-binding protein inhibits the development of Kaposi's sarcoma-like lesions in BALB/c nu/nu mice. (1994)

Recombinant apolipoprotein E-3 (ApoE-3), expressed in Escherichia coli, was purified and used in an in vitro and an in vivo model system for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS). This protein blocked cell proliferation and chemotaxis of AIDS-KS cells in response to activated lymphocyte conditioned medium (AL-CM) and oncostatin M (OSM). ApoE-3 also inhibited the formation of neoangiogenic lesions induced in BALB/c nu/nu mice by AIDS-KS cells. These findings represent a novel and potentially less toxic therapeutic approach for the treatment of AIDS-KS.
Heptad Repeat Sequences are Located Adjacent to Hydrophobic Regions in Several Types of Virus Fusion Glycoproteins (1990)

Extensive regions of heptad repeat units consistent with an alpha-helical coiled coil conformation are located adjacent to hydrophobic, potentially fusion-related regions in the amino acid sequences of paramyxovirus fusion and retrovirus envelope glycoproteins. Similar arrangements of hydrophobic peptides and heptad repeat units exist in coronavirus peplomer proteins and influenza virus haemagglutinins. This suggests that there may be similarities in the structures of these proteins and in the functions of the hydrophobic fusion-related regions during virus entry.
A recursive algorithm for the exact BER computation of generalized hierarchical QAM constellations (2003)

Hierarchical constellations offer a different degree of protection to the transmitted messages according to their relative importance. As such, they find interesting application in digital video broadcasting systems as well as wireless multimedia services. Although a great deal of attention has been devoted in the literature to the study of the bit error rate (BER) performance of uniform quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations, very few results were published on the BER performance of hierarchical QAM constellations. We obtain exact and generic expressions in M for the BER of the generalized hierarchical M-PAM (pulse amplitude modulation) constellations over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels. We also show how these expressions can be extended to generalized hierarchical M-QAM constellations (square and rectangular). For the AWGN case, these expressions are in the form of a weighted sum of complementary error functions and are solely dependent on the constellation size M, the carrier-to-noise ratio, and a constellation parameter which controls the relative message importance. Because of their generic nature, these new expressions readily allow numerical evaluation for various cases of practical interest.
Theory and design of M-channel maximally decimated quadrature mirror filters with arbitrary M, having the perfect-reconstruction property (1987)

Based on the concept of losslessness in digital filter structures, this paper derives a general class of maximally decimated M-channel quadrature mirror filter banks that lead to perfect reconstruction. The perfect-reconstruction property guarantees that the reconstructed signal <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{x} (n)</tex> is a delayed version of the input signal x (n), i.e., <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{x} (n) = x (n - n_{0})</tex> . It is shown that such a property can be satisfied if the alias component matrix (AC matrix for short) is unitary on the unit circle of the z plane. The number of channels M is arbitrary, and when M is two, the results reduce to certain recently reported 2-channel perfect-reconstruction QMF structures. A procedure, based on recently reported FIR cascaded-lattice structures, is presented for optimal design of such FIR M-channel filter banks. Design examples are included.
A study on outdoor positioning technology using GPS and WiFi networks (2009)

The most common technology which supports outdoor locating services is the global positioning system, GPS. It mainly receives the positioning satellite signals from over three satellites, and uses triangulation technique to compute the position. The satellite signals are easily interfered by non-line-of-sight (NLOS) wave and climate; thus, create significant positioning errors. The positioning technology based on wireless Local Area Networks (or WiFi) has matured gradually in recent years. The pattern matching method that takes the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) at the receiving end as the fingerprinting is one of the key technologies. In order to improve the precision of positioning under unfavorable weather conditions or in NLOS outdoor environment, this study proposed a positioning technology based on a portable mobile device with GPS and WiFi-based Pattern Matching Method, to design a Selective Weighting Scheme. The experiments validated that the proposed technology is effective with an average positioning error of 3.8m less than that of GPS.
Intracellular Signaling and Approaches to the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Associated Cognitive Impairment (2014)

Schizophrenia is a pervasive neuropsychiatric disorder affecting over 1% of the world's population. Dopamine system dysfunction is strongly implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. Data support the long-standing concept of schizophrenia as a disease characterized by hyperactivity within midbrain (striatal D2) dopamine systems. In addition, there is now considerable evidence that glutamate neurotransmission, mediated through NMDA-type receptors, is deficient in schizophrenic patients and that hypoactivity in cortical dopamine and glutamate pathways is a key feature of the schizophrenic brain. While current antipsychotic medications-typically dopamine D2 antagonists-adequately address positive symptoms of the disease, such as the acute hallucinations and delusions, they fail to substantially improve negative features, such as social isolation, and can further compromise poor cognitive function in schizophrenic patients. In fact, cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia. The treatment of cognitive impairment and other residual symptoms associated with schizophrenia, therefore, remains a significant unmet medical need. With current cell-surface receptor-based pharmacology falling short of addressing these core symptoms associated with schizophrenia, more recent approaches to treatment development have focused on processes within the cell. In this review, we discuss the importance of a number of intracellular targets, including cyclic nucleotide phosphodiestereases, and non-phosphodiesterase approaches such as ITI-007, which have been proposed to regulate hyperdopaminergic function, hypoglutamatergic function and/or the delicate balance of the two associated with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. We also discuss the challenge facing those developing drugs to target specific pathways involved in psychopathology without involving other systems that produce concomitant side effects.
Strategies for enhancing viral‐based gene therapy using ionizing radiation (1999)

Many gene-therapy strategies under investigation aim to increase the efficacy of current cancer-treatment regimens. Promising results have been obtained in the laboratory and early clinical trials using viral-based motifs specifically designed to enhance the efficacy of ionizing radiation or chemotherapy. These strategies fall into two general categories: replication-incompetent viral shuttle vectors for the delivery of specific genes encoding a chemo/radiation modulator and attenuated replication-competent viruses with proposed replicative advantages in tumor cells. In this review, we discuss the rational, molecular mechanisms, and clinical application of these strategies with particular focus on recent research applying these viral-based strategies to improve the therapeutic index of ionizing radiation. Radiat. Oncol. Invest. 7:261–269, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Thermolysis and photochemical acidolysis of selected polymethacrylates (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermolysis and photochemical acidolysis of selected polymethacrylatesHiroshi Ito and Mitsuru UedaCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 5, 1475–1482Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00183a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00183a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views445Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes, [n]Staffanes, [1.1.1]Propellanes, and Tricyclo[2.1.0.02,5]pentanes (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes, [n]Staffanes, [1.1.1]Propellanes, and Tricyclo[2.1.0.02,5]pentanesMichael D. Levin, Piotr Kaszynski, and Josef MichlView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1, 169–234Publication Date (Web):January 12, 2000Publication History Received20 August 1999Published online12 January 2000Published inissue 1 January 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr990094zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr990094zresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6047Altmetric-Citations252LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Cations,Ketones,Reaction products,Substituents Get e-Alerts