gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thrombolytic, antithrombin, and antiplatelet treatment of acute coronary syndromes. (2000)

Acute coronary syndromes are a major public health problem and the leading cause of death in the western world. Acute coronary syndromes consist of unstable angina pectoris, non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, and ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. These diseases represent a continuum of increasing severity and are pathophysiologically linked to intracoronary thrombus formation that is nonocclusive, transiently occlusive, or completely occlusive, respectively. Antiplatelet treatment with aspirin is the cornerstone of treatment for all acute coronary syndromes. Newer intravenous antiplatelet agents reduce 30-day mortality and myocardial infarction in unstable angina and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Adenosine diphosphate antagonist antiplatelet agents have an ill-defined role in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Fibrinolytic therapy has been shown to reduce mortality in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction but may pose a hazard in other acute coronary syndromes.
Clinical Guidelines Panel on Erectile Dysfunction: Summary Report on the Treatment of Organic Erectile Dysfunction (1996)

For the standard patient, defined as a man with acquired organic erectile dysfunction and no evidence of hypogonadism or hyperprolactinemia, the panel recommends 3 treatment alternatives: vacuum constriction devices, vasoactive drug injection therapy and penile prosthesis implantation. Based on the data to date, yohimbine does not appear to be effective for organic erectile dysfunction and, thus, it should not be recommended as treatment for the standard patient. Venous surgery and arterial surgery in men with arteriolosclerotic disease are considered investigational and should be performed only in a research setting with long-term followup available.
Direct vapor jet printing of three color segment organic light emitting devices for white light illumination (2008)

Organic-vapor jet printing (OVJP) is used to directly pattern small molecular weight electrophosphorescent white organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs) consisting of parallel stripes of separate red, green, and blue OLEDs. The spatial patterning of the WOLEDs with peak forward viewing external quantum and luminous efficiencies of 7.1±0.3% and 7.0±0.4lm∕W, respectively, is accomplished by transporting the vapors of organic semiconductors through a nozzle to a translating sample substrate. Using multiple color segments to generate white light allows for the individual optimization of each color, is continuously color tunable, and can be used to compensate for differential aging of the constituent dopants. The theory and experimental results of WOLED printing via OVJP are discussed.
Antisense imaging of gene expression in the brain in vivo (2000)

Antisense radiopharmaceuticals could be used to image gene expression in the brain in vivo, should these polar molecules be made transportable through the blood-brain barrier. The present studies describe an antisense imaging agent comprised of an iodinated peptide nucleic acid (PNA) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody to the rat transferrin receptor by using avidin-biotin technology. The PNA was a 16-mer antisense to the sequence around the methionine initiation codon of the luciferase mRNA. C6 rat glioma cells were permanently transfected with a luciferase expression plasmid, and C6 experimental brain tumors were developed in adult rats. The expression of the luciferase transgene in the tumors in vivo was confirmed by measurement of luciferase enzyme activity in the tumor extract. The [(125)I]PNA conjugate was injected intravenously in anesthetized animals with brain tumors and killed 2 h later for frozen sectioning of brain and film autoradiography. No image of the luciferase gene expression was obtained after the administration of either the unconjugated antiluciferase PNA or a PNA conjugate that was antisense to the mRNA of a viral transcript. In contrast, tumors were imaged in all rats administered the [(125)I]PNA that was antisense to the luciferase sequence and was conjugated to the targeting antibody. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate gene expression in the brain in vivo can be imaged with antisense radiopharmaceuticals that are conjugated to a brain drug-targeting system.
Expression of immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)2 and ILT3 in human gastric cancer and its clinical significance (2012)

Immune inhibitory receptors play an important role in organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases and cancers. Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)2 and ILT3 belong to the inhibitory receptors of the ILT family, which have been reported to regulate a broad range of cellular functions involved in the immune response. They contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs), which are related to immune regulation. Although ILT receptors have been studied in dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, NK cells and other cell types, the expression and clinical significance of ILT2 and ILT3 in gastric cancer have yet to be elucidated. Here, the expression of ILT2 and ILT3 in gastric cancer cell lines and pathologic tissues, as well as their effects on the cytotoxicity of NK92MI against the gastric cancer cell lines MKNI with ILT2lowILT3low and HGC-27 with ILT2highILT3high were detected. The results suggest that ILT2 and ILT3 are expressed with diverse degrees in gastric cancer cells and tissues, and the expression of ILT2 is related with differentiation and size of tumors. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of NK92MI against the MKNI cell line was stronger than that against HGC-27. This study indicates that ILT2 and ILT3 play a key role in gastric cancer immune escape, and ILT2 may be a new target in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.
Inhibitory Effect on the Lipolysis-stimulated Receptor of the 39-kDa Receptor-associated Protein (1995)

Adenovirus vector-mediated transfer of the receptor-associated protein (RAP) gene into low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient mice was shown to achieve plasma concentrations ranging between 20 and 200 micrograms/ml and to result in the accumulation of remnant lipoproteins (Willnow, T. E., Sheng, Z., Ishibashi, S., and Herz, J. (1994) Science 264, 1471-1474). Both this finding and the observation that in addition to various other members of the LDL receptor gene family, RAP binds to a yet unidentified protein of apparent molecular mass of 105 kDa prompted us to examine the effect of high concentrations of RAP on the lipolysis-stimulated receptor (LSR). LSR is a receptor distinct from the LDL receptor and the LDL receptor-related protein and is capable of binding apoB and apoE when activated by free fatty acids. Data reported here show that in fibroblasts isolated from a subject homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia, RAP fusion protein inhibited LSR-mediated binding of 125I-LDL and the subsequent internalization and degradation of the particles. Studies on the interaction of RAP with LSR in isolated rat liver membranes revealed that at concentrations > or = 10 micrograms/ml, RAP inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the binding of LDL to LSR; half-maximum inhibition was obtained with 20 micrograms/ml RAP. Ligand blotting studies revealed that RAP bound directly to two rat liver membrane proteins of apparent molecular masses identical to those that bind 125I-LDL after preincubation with oleate. However, unlike LDL, binding of 125I-RAP to LSR did not require preincubation with oleate. Preincubation of nitrocellulose membranes with an excess of unlabeled RAP fusion protein decreased oleate-induced binding of 125I-LDL to LSR candidate proteins, whereas preincubation with excess unlabeled LDL was unable to prevent the subsequent binding of 125I-RAP to the LSR proteins. Both the latter data and analysis of the mechanism of inhibition were consistent with the RAP inhibitory effect on LSR being achieved by interference with a site distinct from the oleate-induced LDL binding site. In conclusion, this study shows that at concentrations reported to delay chylomicron remnant removal in LDL receptor-deficient mice, RAP exerted a significant inhibitory effect on LSR.
Light-activated antimicrobial surfaces with enhanced efficacy induced by a dark-activated mechanism (2014)

We report a potent antimicrobial polymer demonstrating an enhanced bactericidal activity upon white light illumination.
Quo vadis, design space explorer? (2006)

The paper presents aspects of designer action that stress cognitive strategies for effective design problem solving, under the headings of exploration and representation. It proposes that links among design moves and shifts between design arguments are of prime importance in exploration and the design space should accommodate and expose them. The primacy of self-generated representations in the form of free-hand sketches and the role of arbitrary visual stimuli as supporting design reasoning is introduced. The expositions lead to the conclusion that the design space should be conceived as a multilevel and multifacet construct that supports on the spot experimentation and provides essential feedback not only regarding designs, but also concerning the process of designing.
Electrostimulation and Penile Erection (1985)

Electrostimulation was used to study the neuroanatomy and physiology of penile erection in dogs and monkeys. The canine spinal nuclei responsible for penile erection, identified by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase transport technique after verification of the cavernous nerves with neurostimulation, were mediolateral autonomic neurons at T12-L3 and S1-S3. The erection induced by electrostimulation of the cavernous nerves is the result of increased arterial flow, relaxation of cavernous muscles, and venous outflow restriction. Study of electrostimulation in dogs and monkeys is invaluable for the understanding of the complex neurophysiology of human penile erection.
Activation of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter in T cells requires cooperative binding of Elf-1 and AP-1 transcription factors. (1994)

The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene has been studied extensively as a model system of transcriptional induction during T-lymphocyte activation. The GM-CSF gene is not expressed in resting peripheral blood T cells but is rapidly induced at the transcriptional level following activation through the cell surface T-cell receptor. A highly conserved 19-bp element located immediately 5' of the human GM-CSF TATA box (bp -34 to -52), herein called purine box 1 (PB1), has been shown to bind a T-cell nuclear protein complex and to be required for transcriptional induction of the GM-CSF gene following T-cell activation. The PB1 sequence motif is highly conserved in both human and murine GM-CSF genes. In this report, we demonstrate that the PB1 element alone confers inducibility on a heterologous promoter following transfection into human Jurkat T cells. In addition, we identify a major PB1 nuclear protein-binding complex that is not present in resting peripheral blood T cells but is rapidly induced following T-cell activation. Sequence analysis revealed that PB1 is composed of adjacent binding sites for Ets and AP-1 transcription factors. In vitro mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that both the Ets and AP-1 sites are required for binding of the inducible PB1 nuclear protein complex and for the transcriptional activity of this element and the GM-CSF promoter in activated T cells. Using antibodies specific for different Ets and AP-1 family members, we demonstrate that the major inducible PB1-binding activity present in activated T-cell nuclear extracts is composed of the Elf-1, c-Fos, and JunB transcription factors. Taken together, these results suggest that cooperative interactions between specific Ets and AP-1 family members are important in regulating inducible gene expression following T-cell activation.
Inhaled Insulin: Promises and Concerns (2008)

Since the introduction of Pfizer Exubera in the early 1990s, a number of other inhaled insulin solutions have been developed. This article provides an overview of inhaled insulin systems developed by Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, MannKind, and Lilly, three of which are currently in phase 3 trials. The strengths and weaknesses of each product, as well as the general technologies (liquid vs dry powder), are evaluated. Results of clinical studies conducted by Pfizer and corroborated by other studies are summarized. Although inhaled insulin promises much, a greater body of controlled studies is necessary to draw firm conclusions about its safety and efficacy.
HEMATOPOIETIC RECEPTOR COMPLEXES (1996)

Hematopoietic hormones/cytokines and receptors regulate a wide variety of biological activities and are important in medicine. Through recent biochemical, biophysical, and structural studies we are beginning to understand how these molecules work at the molecular level. These extracellular hormones activate their transmembrane receptors by causing them to oligomerize. The receptor oligomers in turn activate intracellular tyrosine kinase molecules which then activate transcription factors (the JAK-STAT pathways). This review centers on the molecular basis for hormone-receptor binding, and how this information is useful in understanding protein-protein interactions and for the design of second generation molecules.
IFDMA: A Scheme Combining the Advantages of OFDMA and CDMA (2007)

Future mobile radio systems must fulfill challenging requirements. Some requirements are met by single-carrier-based multiple access (MA) schemes such as CDMA and others by multi-carrier-based MA schemes like OFDMA. MA schemes integrating the characteristics of both are receiving more and more attention. In this article, candidate MA schemes based on the idea of integration are summarized and classified using a new framework. Moreover, interleaved frequency division multiple access (IFDMA) is shown to be a scheme that combines the advantages of both CDMA and OFDMA and is a promising candidate MA scheme, especially for non-adaptive transmission in the uplink of future mobile radio systems.
Photochemical heterocyclization of functionalized dienamines (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical heterocyclization of functionalized dienaminesYvonne Gelas-Mialhe, Gaston Mabiala, and Roger VessiereCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 24, 5395–5400Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00233a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00233a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Trends in Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in the United States, 1988-2000 (2003)

Contrary to earlier reports, hypertension prevalence is increasing in the United States. Hypertension control rates, although improving, continue to be low. Programs targeting hypertension prevention and treatment are of utmost importance.
Expression of airway hyperreactivity to acetylcholine as a simple autosomal recessive trait in mice (1988)

An increased airway response to various bronchoconstricting agents is one of the hallmarks of asthma. An interdependence of heredity and environment appears to determine this nonspecific hyperreactivity of the airways. The present study describes the patterns of inheritance of the airway response to a direct mediator of smooth muscle contraction (acetylcholine) in A/J and C3H/HeJ inbred mice and their offspring. The mean airway response to acetylcholine was greater than sixfold higher in A/J mice as compared with C3H/HeJ mice. Two phenotypes were easily distinguished on the basis of airway responses to acetylcholine in the progeny of A/J and C3H/HeJ mice. These two phenotypes were termed HYPERREACTIVE (after the A/J strain) and HYPOREACTIVE (after the C3H/HeJ strain). The observed frequencies of HYPERREACTIVE and HYPOREACTIVE phenotypes in the (A/J x C3H/HeJ) F1; (C3H/HeJ x A/J) F1 x C3H/HeJ (C3H/HeJ backcross); and the [(A/J x C3H/HeJ) F1 x (C3H/HeJ x A/J) F1] F2 are consistent with a single autosomal recessive gene primarily controlling acetylcholine-mediated airway responses. This single gene difference in airway response is completely inhibited by atropine and therefore mediated entirely by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.
Updated results of a phase I first-in-human study of the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199 (GDC-0199) in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). (2013)

7018 Background: Targeting BCL-2 is a promising strategy for treating CLL, including disease refractory to fludarabine (F), or with (del(17p). ABT-199 is a selective BCL-2 inhibitor with &gt;500-fold higher affinity for BCL-2 (K i &lt;0.10 nM) than for BCL-X L (K i =48 nM). Methods: Objectives of this Ph I dose-escalation study include evaluations of safety, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy of ABT-199 in patients (pts) with R/R CLL. A single oral dose was given followed by 6 days off drug, before continuous once daily dosing. After cohort 1, the initial dose was reduced and daily dosing modified to include a 2 or 3 step dose-escalation to the target dose for each cohort. Results: As of January 11, 2013, 56 pts have been enrolled; median age 67 y (range 36-86); 41 males; median 3.5 prior therapies (range 1-10). 16 (29%) had del(17p) and 18 (32%) F-refractory CLL. Median follow up is 6.3 months (range 0.03-16.5); 7 pts have been on study for more than 1 yr. 13 pts discontinued; 7 due to PD, 6 for other reasons: tumor lysis syndrome (TLS; 2), other illness (2), thromboembolic event (1), consent withdrawal (1). The most common non-hematological AEs (&gt;15% pts) were nausea (36%), diarrhea (30%), fatigue (25%), upper respiratory tract infection (23%), and cough (16%). Grade 3/4 AEs occurring in &gt; 5 pts were neutropenia 21(38%), thrombocytopenia 6 (11%) and TLS 5 (9%). TLS occurred in 3/3 pts in cohort 1 and 2/53 pts with the modified stepped dosing schedule (DLTs). Additionally, 1 fatal AE occurred within 48 hrs of dose-escalation to 1200 mg in a pt with laboratory evidence of TLS (DLT). 46 of 54 pts (85%) evaluable for efficacy achieved a response to ABT-199; 7 (13%) a CR or CR with incomplete count recovery and 39 (72%) a PR (30 confirmed by consecutive scans). 14/16 (88%) and 12/16 (75%) of pts with del(17p) and F-refractory CLL, respectively, achieved at least a PR. Conclusions: ABT-199 is highly active achieving a 85% overall response rate in R/R CLL, independent of high risk markers such as del(17p) and F-refractory disease. Additional dosing and scheduling modifications are currently being explored to minimize the risk of TLS. Clinical trial information: NCT01328626.
Application of Sequencing, Liquid Biopsies, and Patient-Derived Xenografts for Personalized Medicine in Melanoma (2015)

Although recent developments have revolutionized melanoma care, most patients still die of their disease. To improve melanoma outcomes further, we developed a powerful precision medicine platform to monitor patient responses and to identify and validate hypothesis-driven therapies for patients who do not respond, or who develop resistance to current treatments.
Tantalum imido complexes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTantalum imido complexesS. M. Rocklage and R. R. SchrockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 26, 7808–7809Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00546a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00546a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views413Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phase-shifting digital holography (1997)

A new method for three-dimensional image formation is proposed in which the distribution of complex amplitude at a plane is measured by phase-shifting interferometry and then Fresnel transformed by a digital computer. The method can reconstruct an arbitrary cross section of a three-dimensional object with higher image quality and a wider viewing angle than from conventional digital holography using an off-axis configuration. Basic principles and experimental verification are described.