gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interpretation and instruction path coprocessing (1989)

Many languages and interactive software packages on personal computers use interpretive implementation techniques.Interpretation and Instruction Path Coprocessing presents an analysis of interpretive systems, and cost-effective software and hardware optimizations of the interpretive process on CISC and RISC architectures. It groups and presents concepts that are seldom found together and elaborates on ideas that are not part of the mainstream of recent hardware developments.The authors explore the techniques used in interpretive systems on general purpose microprocessor architectures. A key contribution is their investigation of how, and to what extent, interpretive execution can be accelerated using dedicated coprocessors. They analyze the advantages and drawbacks of interpretations, present both software and hardware techniques to improve interpretation and introduce the concept of coprocessing in the instruction path as a cost-effective way of boosting the execution speed of interpreters running on microprocessors. The RISC versus CISC issue is analyzed from the viewpoint of interpretations and its hardware support.Eddy H. Debaere is currently with DISC n.v., Belgium. Jan M. Van Campenhout is Professor, Faculty of Applied Sciences, the State University of Ghent. Interpretation and Instruction Path Coprocessing is included in the Computer Systems Series, edited by Herb Schwetman.
Protein Secretion in Gram-Negative Bacteria via the Autotransporter Pathway (2007)

Autotransporters are a large and diverse superfamily of proteins produced by pathogenic gram-negative bacteria that are composed of an N-terminal passenger domain, which typically harbors a virulence function, and a C-terminal beta domain. It has long been known that the beta domain anchors the protein to the outer membrane and facilitates transport of the passenger domain into the extracellular space. Despite the apparent simplicity of the autotransporter pathway, several aspects of autotransporter biogenesis remain poorly understood, most notably the mechanism by which the passenger domain is translocated across the outer membrane. Here we review recent evidence that the enormous sequence diversity of both passenger and beta domains belies a remarkable conservation of structure. We also discuss insights into each stage of autotransporter biogenesis that have emerged from recent structural, biochemical, and imaging studies.
Analysis of the association of peptides of optimal length to class I molecules on the surface of cells. (1992)

The association of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules on the surface of cells with synthetic antigenic peptides of eight or nine amino acid residues was examined. Peptides were synthesized that correspond to the antigenic sequences from ovalbumin and influenza nucleoprotein believed to be naturally processed and presented by cells with Kb and Db MHC class I molecules, respectively. Consistent with the results of others, these peptides were 10(3)-10(5) times more active in stimulating specific T cells as compared to peptides of longer sequences. When cells are incubated with these peptides at less than 0.01-0.1 microM, the association of the peptides with class I molecules is dependent on (i) the reassociation of free beta 2-microglobulin from the extracellular fluids, (ii) a process that requires cells to be metabolically active, or (iii) stabilization of class I heterodimers by chemical crosslinking. In contrast, when cells are incubated with these peptides at greater than 0.1-1.0 microM, the peptides associate with class I molecules in the absence of exogenous beta 2-microglobulin, energy, or chemical crosslinking. Antigen competition experiments suggest that the class I molecules that bind peptides offered at high concentration become only transiently receptive to binding peptide. The concentration of peptides required for presentation to T cells under these conditions corresponds to those that stabilize Kb molecules on the surface of RMA-S mutant cells in the absence of exogenous beta 2-microglobulin. These results support the concept that the receptivity of class I molecules on cells is determined by the dissociation of beta 2-microglobulin from MHC class I that lacks bound peptides.
Depression of cough reflex by microinjections of antitussive agents into caudal ventral respiratory group of the rabbit (2010)

We have previously shown that the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii is a site of action of some antitussive drugs and that the caudal ventral respiratory group (cVRG) region has a crucial role in determining both the expiratory and inspiratory components of the cough motor pattern. These findings led us to suggest that the cVRG region, and possibly other neural substrates involved in cough regulation, may be sites of action of antitussive drugs. To address this issue, we investigated changes in baseline respiratory activity and cough responses to tracheobronchial mechanical stimulation following microinjections (30-50 nl) of some antitussive drugs into the cVRG of pentobarbital-anesthetized, spontaneously breathing rabbits. [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) and baclofen at the lower concentrations (0.5 mM and 0.1 mM, respectively) decreased cough number, peak abdominal activity, and peak tracheal pressure and increased cough-related total cycle duration (Tt). At the higher concentrations (5 mM and 1 mM, respectively), both drugs abolished the cough reflex. DAMGO and baclofen also affected baseline respiratory activity. Both drugs reduced peak abdominal activity, while only DAMGO increased Tt, owing to increases in expiratory time. The neurokinin-1 (NK(1)) receptor antagonist CP-99,994 (10 mM) decreased cough number, peak abdominal activity, and peak tracheal pressure, without affecting baseline respiration. The NK(2) receptor antagonist MEN 10376 (5 mM) had no effect. The results indicate that the cVRG is a site of action of some antitussive agents and support the hypothesis that several neural substrates involved in cough regulation may share this characteristic.
Lack of Thrombospondin 1 and Exacerbation of Choroidal Neovascularization (2012)

Intravitreal injection of TSP1 antiangiogenic mimetic peptides may provide alternative treatment for CNV.
A randomized‐controlled clinical trial evaluating clinical and radiological outcomes after 3 and 5 years of dental implants placed in bone regenerated by means of GBR techniques with or without the addition of BMP‐2 (2009)

Implants placed in bone augmented with and without rhBMP-2 revealed excellent clinical and radiological outcomes after 3 and 5 years.
Transient, Biocompatible Electronics and Energy Harvesters Based on ZnO (2013)

The combined use of ZnO, Mg, MgO, and silk provides routes to classes of thin-film transistors and mechanical energy harvesters that are soluble in water and biofluids. Experimental and theoretical studies of the operational aspects and dissolution properties of this type of transient electronics technology illustrate its various capabilities. Application opportunities range from resorbable biomedical implants, to environmentally dissolvable sensors, and degradable consumer electronics.
Phenylboronic Acid-Installed Polycarbonates for the pH-Dependent Release of Diol-Containing Molecules (2014)

Environmental responsiveness is an appealing trait of emerging polymeric materials, as shown for a variety of pH-responsive drug delivery systems. The chemical versatility of the conjugation site and conjugate lability to physiologically relevant changes in pH will largely determine their applicability. Herein, we report on the use of a drug-polymer complex based on boronic acid-functionalized polycarbonates (PPBC) as the substrate for the pH-sensitive delivery of a diol-containing drug, capecitabine (CAPE). Complexation of CAPE with a PEGylated-PPBC block copolymer, via boronic ester formation, resulted in amphiphiles capable of self-assembling into spherical nanoparticles. We examined nanoparticle stability and release kinetics in neutral and acidic media and relate differences in release profiles and particle stability with changes to polymer chemistry. Comparison of complexed nanoparticles with their noncomplex analogues revealed striking differences in release rate and particle stability. Illustrated herein for capecitabine, the pH-sensitive dissociation of boronate esters from PPBCs can be applied in a general manner to diol- or catechol-containing solutes, demonstrating the utility of these polymers for biomedical applications.
Ultrabroadband Light Absorption by a Sawtooth Anisotropic Metamaterial Slab (2012)

We present an ultrabroadband thin-film infrared absorber made of sawtoothed anisotropic metamaterial. Absorptivity of higher than 95% at normal incidence is supported in a wide range of frequencies, where the full absorption width at half-maximum is about 86%. Such property is retained well at a very wide range of incident angles too. Light of shorter wavelengths are harvested at upper parts of the sawteeth of smaller widths, while light of longer wavelengths are trapped at lower parts of larger tooth widths. This phenomenon is explained by the slowlight modes in anisotropic metamaterial waveguide. Our study can be applied in the field of designing photovoltaic devices and thermal emitters.
Using Latent Semantic Analysis to Evaluate the Contributions of Students in AutoTutor (2000)

AutoTutor is a fully automated computer tutor that assists students in learning about hardware, operating systems, and the Internet in an introductory computer literacy course. AutoTutor presents questions and problems from a curriculum script, attempts to comprehend learner contributions that are entered by keyboard, formulates dialog moves that are sensitive to the learner's contributions (such as prompts, elaborations, corrections, and hints), and delivers the dialog moves with a talking head. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) is a major component of the mechanism that evaluates the quality of student contributions in the tutorial dialog. LSA's evaluations of college students' answers to deep reasoning questions are equivalent to the evaluations provided by intermediate experts of computer literacy, but not as high as more accomplished experts in computer science. LSA is capable of discriminating different classes of student ability (good, vague, erroneous or mute students) and in tracking the quality of contributions in tutorial dialog.
Survey, applications, and prospects of Johnson noise thermometry (1981)

Significant progress in the field of Johnson noise thermometry has occurred since the 1971 survey of Kamper. This paper will review the foundation work of Johnson noise thermometry, survey the basic methods which do not utilize quantum devices for noise thermometry for industrial temperatures, and present some applications of noise thermometry in temperature scale metrology and process temperature instrumentation. 35 references.
A tradeoff between space and efficiency for routing tables (1988)

Two conflicting goals play a crucial role in the design of routing schemes for communication networks. A routing scheme should use as short as possible paths for routing messages in the network, while keeping the routing information stored in the processors' local memory as succinct as possible. The efficiency of a routing scheme is measured in terms of its stretch factor - the maximum ratio between the length of a route computed by the scheme and that of a shortest path connecting the same pair of vertices.
Bacterial enteric pathogens in children with acute dysentery in Thailand: increasing importance of quinolone-resistant Campylobacter. (2002)

Current data on pathogen prevalence and drug resistance patterns are important for treatment and vaccine-development strategies. An etiologic study of acute bacterial dysentery was conducted in children up to 12 years of age in 2 major hospitals in and around Bangkok. Stool samples or rectal swabs and clinical data were collected. Standard microbiological methods were used to detect Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Vibrio, Aeromonas and Plesiomonas. Pathogenic E. coli (ETEC, EIEC, STEC) was identified by digoxigenin-labeled probes. A total of 623 cases were enrolled: median age 11.0 months (range 1 month-12 years). At least one bacterial pathogen was isolated in 55% of cases. Campylobacter was the most common pathogen found (28%), whereas Salmonella, Shigella and ETEC were isolated from 18%, 9% and 6% respectively. EIEC, Vibrio and Plesiomonas were isolated from <1% and no STEC was detected. C. jejuni serotypes 36, 4 and 11 were the most common. The mean age of cases with Campylobacter was significantly lower than with Shigella (17.9 vs 52.8 months, p<0.001). Clinical presentations of Campylobacter and Shigella infections were compared: fever (28% vs 37%), abdominal colic (62% vs 80%, p<0.05), vomiting (38% vs 70%, p<0.001) and bloody stools (52% vs 48%). The Campylobacter isolates (80% C. jejuni, 20% C. coli) were 90% resistant to ciprofloxacin but sensitive to macrolides. All the Shigella isolates (70% S. sonnei) were sensitive to quinolones. Our study illustrates the increasing importance of quinolone-resistant Campylobacter and the decline of Shigella in the etiology of dysentery in Thailand. The clinical presentation of campylobacteriosis is similar to that of shigellosis, except that the patients may be younger and there may be less association with colic and vomiting; having fecal leukocytes will be >10/HPF. The use of macrolide antibiotics rather than quinolones would be reasonable in children <24 months of age; fluoroquinolones will be ineffective in at least half of culture-positive cases.
Pathogenesis and management of myeloma bone disease (2009)

Osteolytic bone disease is a frequent complication of multiple myeloma, resulting in skeletal complications that are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. It is the result of increased activity of osteoclasts that is not followed by reactive bone formation by osteoblasts. Recent studies have revealed novel molecules and pathways that are implicated in osteoclast activation and osteoblast inhibition, including the RANKL/osteoprotegerin pathway, macrophage inflammatory proteins and the wingless type signaling pathway. These molecules also appear to interfere with tumor growth and survival, providing possible targets for the development of novel drugs for the management of lytic disease in myeloma. Currently, bisphosphonates are the mainstay of treatment for myeloma bone disease, although several novel agents appear promising. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the biology of bone disease in multiple myeloma, diagnosis and recent progress in treatment options.
Erythropoietin increases c-myc mRNA by a protein kinase C-dependent pathway. (1991)

The peptide hormone erythropoietin is a major regulator of red blood cell production. While red blood cell development has been studied intensively, little is known about the intracellular signaling events that follow the binding of erythropoietin to its receptor on the target cell. We report here that erythropoietin-induced activation of the immediate early gene c-myc requires protein kinase C and that the binding of erythropoietin causes rapid phosphorylation of the major protein kinase C substrate, p80. Our results also argue for modulation of activity of a second signal transduction element in addition to protein kinase C.
An anti-αv-integrin antibody that blocks integrin function inhibits the development of a human melanoma in nude mice (1995)

A series of murine monoclonal antibodies were raised against purified human alpha v beta 3 integrin and against M21 human melanoma cells. Five notable hybridomas were identified by ELISA on purified integrins, and the isolated antibodies bound the alpha v-chain. These antibodies, 17E6, 20A9, 23G5, 14D9.F8 and 10G2, recognised the extracellular domains of the integrin, and were shown to be reactive in FACS, immunoprecipitation, ELISA, and ELISA on fixed cells with M21, M21-L4, and UCLA-P3, but not with the alpha v-deficient M21-L or M21-L-IIb (M21-L transfected with GpIIb integrin). One antibody, 17E6, strongly perturbed cell attachment mediated by alpha v integrins, reacting at least with alpha v beta 3, alpha v beta 5, and alpha v beta 1, and strongly inhibiting cell attachment to alpha v-ligands vitronectin and fibronectin with an IC50 of approximately 0.1 microgram ml-1. Furthermore, 17E6 at this concentration could induce cell retraction from the substrate, while LM609 (anti-alpha v beta 3) and control antibody 14E2 (anti-200 kDa melanoma surface protein) at 1,000-fold higher concentrations had minimal effects on cell morphology. The action of 17E6 was reversible and was not due to toxic effects: in vitro 17E6 at 0.1 mg ml-1 did not affect either cell proliferation or DNA synthesis. In two nude-mouse tumour models, subcutaneous tumour development and a lung colonisation ('experimental metastasis') assay, injection of 17E6 strongly inhibited tumour development, while isotype-matched controls had no effect. There was no obvious mechanism of cell or of complement-mediated tumour cytotoxicity; the antibody did not mediate ADCC or AECDC, or complement fixation. The data strongly support previous studies which have indicated the importance of alpha v-integrins, and especially alpha v beta 3, in the tumour progression of human melanoma.
Properties of Sparse Distributed Representations and their Application\n to Hierarchical Temporal Memory (2015)

Empirical evidence demonstrates that every region of the neocortex represents\ninformation using sparse activity patterns. This paper examines Sparse\nDistributed Representations (SDRs), the primary information representation\nstrategy in Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) systems and the neocortex. We\nderive a number of properties that are core to scaling, robustness, and\ngeneralization. We use the theory to provide practical guidelines and\nillustrate the power of SDRs as the basis of HTM. Our goal is to help create a\nunified mathematical and practical framework for SDRs as it relates to cortical\nfunction.\n
Interferon treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Current status and future prospects (1987)

Studies with various interferon alpha preparations, including interferons induced in human leukocytes, interferon alfa-N1, interferon alfa-2a, and interferon alfa-2b, have all provided evidence for modest but reproducible antitumor activity in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Review of the data suggests that maximal response rates are achieved when interferon alpha is administered within a fairly restricted range of moderate to high doses, whereas extremely low or extremely high dosage regimens appear less likely to induce therapeutic response. Preliminary evidence suggests that interferons beta and gamma may also induce regression of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Recent in vitro and animal studies have shown that combinations of interferon gamma with interferon alpha or interferon beta, produce synergistic biologic activities, suggesting that the various interferons may have different pathways of action related to agent-specific cellular receptors. Possible interactions of different interferon species given concurrently to patients with renal cell carcinoma are under investigation, as are combinations of interferon alpha with chemotherapeutic agents. Despite in vitro data suggesting enhanced antiproliferative activity for the combination of interferon alpha and vinblastine, most clinical studies of this combination have proved to be no more effective than interferon alpha alone, but they have provided evidence of increased toxicity. The recent identification and purification of other biologically active cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-2, and of monoclonal antibodies that recognize unique cell surface antigens on renal carcinoma cells, provide exciting possibilities for combination regimens with various interferon species.
A New UAG-Encoded Residue in the Structure of a Methanogen Methyltransferase (2002)

Genes encoding methanogenic methylamine methyltransferases all contain an in-frame amber (UAG) codon that is read through during translation. We have identified the UAG-encoded residue in a 1.55 angstrom resolution structure of the Methanosarcina barkeri monomethylamine methyltransferase (MtmB). This structure reveals a homohexamer comprised of individual subunits with a TIM barrel fold. The electron density for the UAG-encoded residue is distinct from any of the 21 natural amino acids. Instead it appears consistent with a lysine in amide-linkage to (4R,5R)-4-substituted-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. We suggest that this amino acid be named l-pyrrolysine.
Human Mn superoxide dismutase cDNA sequence (1987)

Journal Article Human Mn superoxide dismutase cDNA sequence Get access Yaffa Beck, Yaffa Beck BioTechnology General LtdKiryat Weizmann, Rehovot 76326, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rachel Oren, Rachel Oren BioTechnology General LtdKiryat Weizmann, Rehovot 76326, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Boaz Amit, Boaz Amit BioTechnology General LtdKiryat Weizmann, Rehovot 76326, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Avigdor Levanon, Avigdor Levanon BioTechnology General LtdKiryat Weizmann, Rehovot 76326, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marian Gorecki, Marian Gorecki BioTechnology General LtdKiryat Weizmann, Rehovot 76326, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jacob R. Hartman Jacob R. Hartman BioTechnology General LtdKiryat Weizmann, Rehovot 76326, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 15, Issue 21, 11 November 1987, Page 9076, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/15.21.9076 Published: 11 November 1987 Article history Received: 06 October 1987 Published: 11 November 1987
Compartmentalized IgE Receptor–mediated Signal Transduction in Living Cells (1997)

Several receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways, including EGF and IgE receptor pathways, have been proposed to be spatially restricted to plasma membrane microdomains. However, the experimental evidence for signaling events in these microdomains is largely based on biochemical fractionation and immunocytochemical studies and only little is known about their spatial dynamics in living cells. Here we constructed green fluorescent protein-tagged SH2 domains to investigate where and when IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI)-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation occurs in living tumor mast cells. Strikingly, within minutes after antigen addition, tandem SH2 domains from Syk or PLC-gamma1 translocated from a uniform cytosolic distribution to punctuate plasma membrane microdomains. Colocalization experiments showed that the microdomains where tyrosine phosphorylation occurred were indistinguishable from those stained by cholera toxin B, a marker for glycosphingolipids. Competitive binding studies with coelectroporated unlabeled Syk, PLC-gamma1, and other SH2 domains selectively suppressed the induction of IgE receptor-mediated calcium signals as well as the binding of the fluorescent SH2 domains. This supports the hypothesis that PLC-gamma1 and Syk SH2 domains selectively bind to Syk and IgE receptors, respectively. Unlike the predicted prelocalization of EGF receptors to caveolae microdomains, fluorescently labeled IgE receptors were found to be uniformly distributed in the plasma membrane of unstimulated cells and only transiently translocated to glycosphingolipid rich microdomains after antigen addition. Thus, these in vivo studies support a plasma membrane signaling mechanism by which IgE receptors transiently associate with microdomains and induce the spatially restricted activation of Syk and PLC-gamma1.