gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diploid Watermelon Pollenizer Cultivars Differ with Respect to Triploid Watermelon Yield (2007)

As triploid watermelons ( Citrullus lanatus ) increase in popularity, production has shifted away from seeded watermelons. To achieve successful fruit set in triploid watermelons, a diploid watermelon cultivar must be planted as a pollen source. Three diploid cultivars in 2005 and seven diploid cultivars in 2006 were evaluated at one and three locations, respectively, to determine their effectiveness as pollenizers. Each cultivar was planted within plots of the triploid watermelons ‘Tri-X 313’ (2005) and ‘Supercrisp’ (2006) with buffers on all sides of the plots to contain pollen flow within individual plots. Performance of pollenizers was based on triploid watermelon yield, soluble solids concentration, and incidence of hollowheart. In 2005, there were no significant differences in total weight, fruit per acre, average weight, or soluble solids concentration among pollenizers. In 2006, significant differences in yield were observed, and plots with ‘Sidekick’ as a pollenizer yielded the highest but were not significantly different from ‘Patron’, ‘SP-1’, ‘Jenny’, or ‘Mickylee’. In 2006, there were no significant differences in fruit per acre, soluble solids concentration, or incidence of hollowheart between pollenizers. The experimental design was successful in isolating pollenizers and there was minimal pollen flow outside of experimental plots as indicated by minimal fruit set in control plots.
Expression of CXCR2 and its clinical significance in human colorectal cancer. (2015)

In the present study, we detected CXC chemokine receptor-2 (CXCR2) CXCR2 expression in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and investigated the correlation of CXCR2 expression with clinicopathological variables. CXCR2 expression levels in 46 cancerous tissues, 20 colonic benign tumour tissues, and 30 normal colonic mucosa tissues were examined at both the mRNA level and protein level by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and two-step immunohistochemical staining, respectively. We found that the positive rate of CXCR2 protein expression in cancer tissue samples was 69.6%. RT-PCR results confirmed that CXCR2 expression was significantly higher in tumour tissues compared with benign tumour and normal mucosa tissues (P < 0.05). When 46 colorectal cancer patients were divided into groups according to the clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and liver metastasis, we found that CXCR2 expression increased in patients with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), and its expression was much higher in stage III and IV cancers than stage I and II cancers. These findings suggest that CXCR2 expression in CRC patients may be a potential molecular biomarker for evaluation of tumour growth and invasion.
Differential Expression of α2 Integrin Separates Long-Term and Short-Term Reconstituting Lin−/loThy1.1loc-kit+ Sca-1+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2005)

Self-renewing, multipotent hematopoietic stem cells are highly enriched within the Lin- Thy1.1(lo)c-kit+ Sca-1+ subset of mouse bone marrow. However, heterogeneous expression within this population of certain cell surface markers raises the possibility that it may be further fractionated phenotypically and perhaps functionally. We previously identified alpha2-integrin (CD49b) as a surface marker with heterogeneous expression on Lin(-/lo)Thy1.1(lo)c-kit+ Sca-1+ stem cells. To determine whether differences in alpha2 expression were indicative of differences in stem cell function, we purified alpha2- and alpha2hi stem cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and analyzed their function in long- and short-term hematopoietic reconstitution assays. Both alpha2- and alpha2hi cells could give rise to mature lymphoid and myeloid cells after transplantation into lethally irradiated congenic recipients. However, alpha2hi cells supported hematopoiesis for only a short time (<4 weeks), whereas alpha2- cells reproducibly yielded robust, long-term (>20 weeks) reconstitution, suggesting that alpha2- cells represent a more primitive population than do alpha2hi cells. Consistent with this idea, alpha2- Lin(-/lo)Thy1.1(lo)c-kit+ Sca-1+ cells exhibited an approximately sixfold decreased frequency of spleen colony-forming units (day 12) versus alpha2hi cells. Furthermore, bone marrow cells isolated from animals transplanted >20 weeks previously with 20 alpha2- Lin(-/lo)Thy1.1(lo)c-kit+ Sca-1+ cells included both alpha2- and alpha2hi stem cells of donor origin, indicating that alpha2hi cells are likely lineal descendents of alpha2- cells. Interestingly, alpha2 integrin expression is significantly reduced on lineage-restricted oligopotent progenitors in the marrow, suggesting that high level expression of alpha2 selectively marks a subset of primitive hematopoietic cells which retains multilineage reconstitution potential but exhibits reduced self-renewal capacity.
Magnesium Alloys - Design, Processing and Properties (2011)

Scientists and engineers for decades searched to utilize magnesium, known of its low density, for light-weighting in many industrial sectors. This book provides a broad review of recent global developments in theory and practice of modern magnesium alloys. It covers fundamental aspects of alloy strengthening, recrystallization, details of microstructure and a unique role of grain refinement. The theory is linked with elements of alloy design and specific properties, including fatigue and creep resistance. Also technologies of alloy formation and processing, such as sheet rolling, semi-solid forming, welding and joining are considered. An opportunity of creation the metal matrix composite based on magnesium matrix is described along with carbon nanotubes as an effective reinforcement. A mixture of science and technology makes this book very useful for professionals from academia and industry.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Photosynthetic Stem-Nodulating Bacteria from Aeschynomene Species Grown in Separated Geographical Regions (1994)

Nearly complete and short partial 16S rRNA sequences were derived from PCR-amplified ribosomal DNAs of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 136 and USDA 110 and five strains of bacteriochlorophyll-synthesizing bacteria isolated from stem nodules of Aeschynomene indica and other Aeschynomene species growing in different geographic regions, including India, The Philippines and North America. We confirmed that the five stem-nodulating strains examined synthesize bacteriochlorophyll a, and the absorption spectra of methanol-extracted cells contained a major absorbance peak at 770 nm. Strains isolated on different continents and from different Aeschynomene species were found to be phylogenetically homogeneous and exhibited levels of sequence similarity of more than 99%. The bacteriochlorophyll-synthesizing rhizobia, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Blastobacter denitrificans, Afipia felis, and Rhodopseudomonas palustris exhibited levels of sequence similarity of 97% or greater and belong to a distinct line of descent within the alpha-2 subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Variable regions between positions 995 and 1045 provide potential target sites for design of a probe that is able to distinguish the photosynthetic rhizobia from closely related taxa.
RECURRENT NEPHROTIC SYNDROME FOLLOWING RENAL TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH FOCAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS (1991)

Forty seven renal allografts performed over a period of 12 years in 43 recipients with chronic renal failure due to biopsy-proved focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS, 5.34% from 888 cadaveric renal transplantations) were reviewed. Recurrence of the disease was suspected in 14 grafts (29.8%) on the basis of immediate proteinuria, but recurrence of FGS lesions was demonstrated in only 7 patients. The remaining 7 patients had minimal-change nephropathy or mesangial hyperplasia. The duration of renal disease before transplantation was a clear predictive risk factor of FGS recurrence, and mesangial hyperplasia in the native kidneys was associated with 50% risk of FGS recurrence. Some reports have suggested that plasma exchange may be beneficial in the treatment of FGS recurrence. Our experience, in 9 patients, indicates that plasma exchange initiated early in the course of recurrent proteinuria leads to transient but significant disappearance (2 cases) or decrease (5 cases) of proteinuria, with a return to pre-plasma exchange levels within 2 weeks after the end of treatment. In 2 cases, there was no beneficial effect on proteinuria. Plasma exchange efficacy was correlated with proteinuria levels relative to disease severity. Although plasma exchange does not seem to improve the outcome of FGS recurrence, it demonstrates the possible presence of circulating factor(s) and argues for the characterization of humoral mediator(s).
Nanoheteroepitaxy for the integration of highly mismatched semiconductor materials (2002)

We describe an ongoing study of nanoheteroepitaxy (NHE), the use of nanoscale growth-initiation areas for the integration of highly mismatched semiconductor materials. The concept and theory of NHE is briefly described and is followed by a discussion of the design and fabrication by interferometric lithography of practical sample structures that satisfy the requirements of NHE. Results of NHE growth of GaAs-on-Si and GaN-on-Si are described, following the NHE process from nucleation through to coalescence. Micro-Raman measurements indicate that the strain in partially coalesced NHE GaN-on-Si films is <0.1 GPa.
Improved Insulin Action and Glycemic Control After Long Term Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Subjects with Arterial Hypertension and Type II Diabetes (1993)

Long-term captopril administration in type II diabetic subjects improves insulin sensitivity in the postprandial state, not in the fasting state, and improves glycemic control.
Packaging Capacity of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes: Impact of Larger Genomes on Infectivity and Postentry Steps (2005)

The limited packaging capacity of adeno-associated virus (AAV) precludes the design of vectors for the treatment of diseases associated with larger genes. Autonomous parvoviruses, such as minute virus of mice and B19, while identical in size (25 nm), are known to package larger genomes of 5.1 and 5.6 kb, respectively, compared to AAV genomes of 4.7 kb. One primary difference is the fact that wild-type (wt) AAV utilizes three capsid subunits instead of two to form the virion shell. In this study, we have characterized the packaging capacity of AAV serotypes 1 through 5 with and without the Vp2 subunit. Using reporter transgene cassettes that range in size from 4.4 to 6.0 kb, we determined that serotypes 1 through 5 with and without Vp2 could successfully package, replicate in, and transduce cells. Dot blot analysis established that packaging efficiency was similar for all vector cassettes and that the integrity of encapsidated genomes was intact regardless of size. Although physical characterization determined that virion structures were indistinguishable from wt, transduction experiments determined that all serotype vectors carrying larger genomes (5.3 kb and higher) transduced cells less efficiently (within a log) than AAV encapsidating wt size genomes. This result was not unique to reporter genes and was observed for CFTR vector cassettes ranging in size from 5.1 to 5.9 kb. No apparent advantage in packaging efficiency was observed when Vp2 was present or absent from the virion. Further analysis determined that a postentry step was responsible for the block in infection and specific treatment of cells upon infection with proteasome inhibitors increased transduction of AAV encapsidating larger DNA templates to wt levels, suggesting a preferential degradation of virions encapsidating larger-than-wt genomes. This study illustrates that AAV is capable of packaging and protecting recombinant genomes as large as 6.0 kb but the larger genome-containing virions are preferentially degraded by the proteasome and that this block can be overcome by the addition of proteasome inhibitors.
The Development of Yeast Strains as Tools for Adjusting the Flavor of Fermented Beverages to Market Specifications (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Wine, beer and saké yeasts Acids Alcohols Esters Carbonyl compounds Volatile phenols Sulfur compounds Monoterpenoids Conclusion References
Structural basis of anthracycline selectivity for unilamellar phosphatidylcholine vesicles: an equilibrium binding study (1985)

Fluorescence anisotropy titration was used to determine the equilibrium binding affinities of several anthracycline antitumor antibiotics for sonicated dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) vesicles at 27.5 degrees C. Eight daunomycin analogues, all differing from the parent by one structural change in the aglycon portion of the molecule, as well as four anthracycline congeners modified in the amino sugar were studied. Double-reciprocal plots were used to determine overall binding affinities (K). It was shown that structural changes in both the aglycon and amino sugar portions of the daunomycin molecule strongly modulated K values for DMPC and DPPC bilayers. For modifications in the aglycon portion of an anthracycline, a correlation between drug hydrophobicity and membrane affinity was observed. The number of binding sites per phospholipid molecule (n) and the apparent association constant (Kapp) where K = nKapp, were determined at several temperatures for adriamycin, daunomycin, and carminomycin. The n values were found to be independent of temperature for fluid-phase DMPC or solid-phase DPPC bilayers. The Kapp values (25 degrees C) ranged from (0.82-4.4) X 10(5) M-1 for DMPC vesicles to (4.4-7.3) X 10(5) M-1 for DPPC vesicles. Although the Kapp values for the three drugs were similar for a particular bilayer, major differences were noted in the values of n and, therefore, in the overall vesicle affinities (nKapp). van't Hoff plots showed that anthracycline binding was exothermic; in all cases but one binding was accompanied by a decrease in entropy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
BLAST 2 S?, a new tool for comparing protein and nucleotide sequences (1999)

‘BLAST 2 Sequences’, a new BLAST-based tool for aligning two protein or nucleotide sequences, is described. While the standard BLAST program is widely used to search for homologous sequences in nucleotide and protein databases, one often needs to compare only two sequences that are already known to be homologous, coming from related species or, e.g. different isolates of the same virus. In such cases searching the entire database would be unnecessarily time-consuming. ‘BLAST 2 Sequences’ utilizes the BLAST algorithm for pairwise DNA-DNA or protein-protein sequence comparison. A World Wide Web version of the program can be used interactively at the NCBI WWW site (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/bl2.html). The resulting alignments are presented in both graphical and text form. The variants of the program for PC (Windows), Mac and several UNIX-based platforms can be downloaded from the NCBI FTP site (ftp://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
Development of a syngeneic mouse model for events related to ovarian cancer (2000)

Mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells (MOSEC) were obtained from virgin, mature mice by mild trypsinization and were repeatedly passaged in vitro. Early passage cells (<20 passages) exhibited a cobblestone morphology and contact inhibition of growth. After approximately 20 passages in vitro, cobblestone morphology and contact inhibition of growth was lost. Tumor forming potential was determined by s.c. and i.p. injection of early and late passage cells into athymic and syngeneic C57BL6 mice. Subcutaneous tumors formed in approximately 4 months and were present only at the injection site. Intraperitoneal injection of late passage MOSEC into athymic and syngeneic mice resulted in growth of tumor implants throughout the abdominal cavity, and production of hemorrhagic ascitic fluid. Early passage MOSEC did not form tumors in vivo. Histopathologic analysis of tumors revealed a highly malignant neoplasm containing both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. Late passage MOSEC expressed cytokeratin and did not produce ovarian steroids in response to gonadotropin stimulation in vitro. Ten clonal lines were established from late passage MOSEC. Each clone formed multiple peritoneal tumors and ascitic fluid after i.p. injection into C57BL6 mice. Three cell lines examined cytogenetically were polyploid with near-tetraploid modal chromosome numbers. Common clonal chromosome gains and losses included +5, +15, +19 and -X, -3, -4. One cell line had a clonal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 18 and another had a small marker chromosome; common structural abnormalities were not observed. These data describe the development of a mouse model for the study of events related to ovarian cancer in humans. The ability of the MOSEC to form extensive tumors within the peritoneal cavity, similar to those seen in women with Stage III and IV cancer, and the ability of the MOSEC to produce tumors in mice with intact immune systems, makes this model unique for investigations of molecular and immune interactions in ovarian cancer development.
A 90&#x00B5;W MICS/ISM band transmitter with 22% global efficiency (2010)

For fully autonomous implantable or body-worn devices running on harvested energy, the peak and average power dissipation of the radio transmitter must be minimized. We propose a highly integrated 90 μW 400MHz MICS band transmitter with an output power of 20 μW leading to a 22% global efficiency - the highest reported to date for such systems. We introduce a new transmitter architecture based on cascaded multi-phase injection locking and frequency multiplication to enable low power operation and high global efficiency. Our architecture eliminates slow phase/delay-locked loops for frequency synthesis and uses injection locking to achieve a settling time <; 250 ns permitting very aggressive duty cycling of the transmitter to conserve energy. At a data-rate of 200 kbps, the transmitter achieves an energy efficiency of 450 pJ/bit. Our 400MHz local oscillator topology demonstrates a figure-of-merit of 204 dB.
Role of hemolysin for the intracellular growth of Listeria monocytogenes. (1988)

Listeria monocytogenes insertion mutants defective in hemolysin production were generated using the conjugative transposons Tn916 and Tn1545. All of the nonhemolytic mutants (hly-) lacked a secreted 58-kD polypeptide, presumedly hemolysin, and were avirulent in a mouse model. An intracellular multiplication assay was established in monolayers of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, the J774 macrophage-like cell line, the CL.7 embryonic mouse fibroblast cell line, and the Henle 407 human epithelial cell line. The hly+ strain grew intracellularly in all of the tissue culture cells with a doubling time of approximately 60 min. In contrast, the hly- mutants failed to grow in the murine-derived tissue culture cells, but retained the ability to grow in the human tissue culture cells examined. Hemolytic-positive revertants were selected after passage of the hly- mutants through monolayers of J774 cells. In each case, the hemolytic revertants possessed the 58-kD polypeptide, were capable of intracellular growth in tissue culture monolayers and were virulent for mice.
Efficient Allele-Specific Targeting of LRRK2 R1441 Mutations Mediated by RNAi (2011)

Since RNA interference (RNAi) has the potential to discriminate between single nucleotide changes, there is growing interest in the use of RNAi as a promising therapeutical approach to target dominant disease-associated alleles. Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been linked to dominantly inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). We focused on three LRRK2 mutations (R1441G/C and the more prevalent G2109S) hoping to identify shRNAs that would both recognize and efficiently silence the mutated alleles preferentially over the wild-type alleles. Using a luciferase-based reporter system, we identified shRNAs that were able to specifically target the R1441G and R1441C alleles with 80% silencing efficiency. The same shRNAs were able to silence specifically mRNAs encoding either partial or full-length mutant LRRK2 fusion proteins, while having a minimal effect on endogenous wild-type LRRK2 expression when transfected in 293FT cells. Shifting of the mutant recognition site (MRS) from position 11 to other sites (4 and 16, within the 19-mer window of our shRNA design) reduced specificity and overall silencing efficiency. Developing an allele-specific RNAi of G2019S was problematic. Placement of the MRS at position 10 resulted in efficient silencing of reporters (75-80%), but failed to discriminate between mutant and wild-type alleles. Shifting of the MRS to positions 4, 5, 15, 16 increased the specificity of the shRNAs, but reduced the overall silencing efficiency. Consistent with previous reports, these data confirm that MRS placement influences both allele-specificity and silencing strength of shRNAs, while further modification to hairpin design or MRS position may lead to the development of effective G2019S shRNAs. In summary, the effective shRNA against LRRK2 R1441 alleles described herein suggests that RNAi-based therapy of inherited Parkinson's disease is a viable approach towards developing effective therapeutic interventions for this serious neurodegenerative disease.
Development and validation of model for 95% efficiency, 220 W wireless power transfer over a 30cm air-gap (2010)

Although 60W wireless power transfer was demonstrated in 2007, still there is no equivalent circuit model for a sub-meter air-gap, hundreds of Watts, high efficiency wireless system. A design-oriented circuit model is needed for this technology to evolve. This paper proposes an equivalent circuit model for the wireless system and analyzes the system based on the proposed model. The proposed model and its analysis are validated by means of FEA and experimental results. Furthermore, as a viable solution for high power (over 10kW) applications, losses in the wireless power transfer system are investigated in the following section. Because of the high operating frequency (MHz), skin- and proximity effect were shown to be dominant. New spatial layout of a coil is proposed that significantly reduces losses caused by skin- and proximity effect. Proposed coil design is evaluated by means of FEA.
SNP genotyping on a genome-wide amplified DOP-PCR template (2002)

With the increasing demand for higher throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, the quantity of genomic DNA often falls short of the number of assays required. We investigated the use of degenerate oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) to generate a template for our SNP genotyping methodology of fluorescence polarization template-directed dye-terminator incorporation detection. DOP-PCR employs a degenerate primer (5'-CCGACTCGAGNNNNNNATGTGG-3') to produce non-specific uniform amplification of DNA. This approach has been successfully applied to microsatellite genotyping. We compared genotyping of DOP-PCR-amplified genomic DNA to genomic DNA as a template. Results were analyzed with respect to feasibility, allele loss of alleles, genotyping accuracy and storage conditions in a high-throughput genotyping environment. DOP-PCR yielded overall satisfactory results, with a certain loss in accuracy and quality of the genotype assignments. Accuracy and quality of genotypes generated from the DOP-PCR template also depended on storage conditions. Adding carrier DNA to a final concentration of 10 ng/microl improved results. In conclusion, we have successfully used DOP-PCR to amplify our genomic DNA collection for subsequent SNP genotyping as a standard process.