gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of the 21-aminosteroid lipid peroxidation inhibitor tirilazad mesylate (U74006F) on hepatic endothelium in experimental hemorrhagic shock. (1993)

The effects of the 21-aminosteroid lipid peroxidation inhibitor tirilazad mesylate (U74006F) on ultrastructural damage to the hepatic endothelium in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock were examined. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with urethane and subjected to a 2 hr period of hemorrhagic hypotension (mean arterial pressure clamped at 43-45 mm Hg), followed by reinfusion and follow-up for 2 hr. At the end of the experiment, light microscopic analysis of the livers of animals that received an i.v. injection of vehicle (citrate buffer) just prior to reinfusion showed substantial sinusoidal neutrophil influx. Electron microscopic morphometry revealed significant sinusoidal endothelial degeneration. In contrast, rats that received a 10 mg/kg i.v. bolus of U74006F just prior to posthemorrhage reinfusion displayed a significant preservation of endothelial structural integrity. However, this occurred despite the fact that there was the same degree of hepatic neutrophil influx as in the vehicle-treated rats. These results show that U74006F is capable of protecting endothelial structure, even in the face of significant neutrophil invasion, probably via protection from endothelial cell membrane free radical-induced lipid peroxidation.
In VitroAntigene Therapy Targeting HPV-16 E6 and E7 in Cervical Carcinoma (1997)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is believed to play a central role in cervical carcinogenesis. Specifically, two viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, possess transforming ability and have been shown to interact with the cellular tumor suppressors p53 and p105, the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene product. To test the hypothesis that E6 and E7 play an active role in the maintenance of the malignant phenotype and may be ideal targets for antigene therapy, we tested the antiproliferative effects of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) targeting HPV-16 E6 and E7 in cervical cancer cell lines and primary tumor explants. The ATP cell viability assay was used to measure growth effects of 27-mer antisense oligos targeting the ATG translational start region of HPV-16 E6 and E7 sequences in HPV-16-positive cell lines SiHa and CaSki and four advanced, primary cervical tumor explants. A random oligo sequence, an HPV-18-positive and HPV-negative cell line, one histologically confirmed endometrial and two ovarian tumors were used as negative controls. HPV type was confirmed by hybrid capture techniques. Cell lines and sterile (staging laparotomy) tumor cells were plated at 5000 cells/0.1 ml and 100,000 cells/0.5 ml in 96-well plates or soft agar, respectively, and incubated at 37 degrees C with a single treatment of oligos at 0-16 microM. E6/E7 combinations at a fixed ratio of 1:1 were used at 0-8 microM for each oligo. Cellular ATP was measured by luciferin/luciferase fluorescence on Day 6. HPV-16 E6 and E7 oligos showed antiproliferative effects in all HPV-16-positive cell lines and primary tumor explants (IC50s 6.9-9.5 microM for cell lines, 9.1-12.1 microM primary cervical tumors), while the HPV-negative C33-A cell line and HPV-18-positive cell line HeLa were relatively insensitive to the HPV-16 oligos (IC50s > 30 microM extrapolated). The endometrial and two ovarian primary tumors were also insensitive to the HPV E6 and E7 oligos (IC50s > 25 microM extrapolated). Random oligos had little effect on cell growth at concentrations up to 16 microM (< 25% inhibition), except in CaSki (@50% inhibition at 16 microM). Combinations of E6 and E7 demonstrated mixed synergistic and antagonistic effects as determined by combination indices (CI) derived from median effect parameters. In the HPV-16-positive primary cervical tumors and the cell line SiHa, E6/E7 combinations were synergistic at low doses (< 25% growth inhibitory dose range) and antagonistic at doses above this. For the HPV-16-positive cell line CaSki, however, E6/E7 combinations were antagonistic at all dose ranges. Phosphorothioate oligos directed against the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 were shown to have antiproliferative effects specific to HPV-containing cancer cells. These specific antiproliferative effects suggest that HPV-16 E6 and E7 sequences play an active role in the malignant growth properties of cervical cancer cells and may be ideal targets for antigene therapy.
Noninvasive detection of lung cancer by analysis of exhaled breath (2009)

GCMS-SPME is a relatively insensitive method. Hence compounds not appearing in exhaled breath of healthy volunteers may be below the limit of detection (LOD). PTR-MS, on the other hand, does not need preconcentration and gives much more reliable quantitative results then GCMS-SPME. The shortcoming of PTR-MS is that it cannot identify compounds with certainty. Hence SPME-GCMS and PTR-MS complement each other, each method having its particular advantages and disadvantages. Exhaled breath analysis is promising to become a future non-invasive lung cancer screening method. In order to proceed towards this goal, precise identification of compounds observed in exhaled breath of lung cancer patients is necessary. Comparison with compounds released from lung cancer cell cultures, and additional information on exhaled breath composition in other cancer forms will be important.
Direct transport of cocaine from the nasal cavity to the brain following intranasal cocaine administration in rats (1999)

Individuals who consume cocaine illegally have long since adopted or explored the nasal route of administration. This study was designed to determine in an animal model whether nasally applied cocaine could be transported directly from the nasal cavity to the central nervous system. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. The nasal cavity was isolated to prevent drainage of nasally applied dosing solution to nonnasal regions. Cocaine was then administered, either by intranasal (in) administration or by intravenous (iv) injection. At different times post dose, blood and tissues from different regions of the brain were collected. Cocaine concentrations in plasma and tissue samples were analyzed by HPLC. After iv administration, similar cocaine contents in different brain regions were observed. Following in administration, cocaine content in samples collected within 60 min post dose were found to differ considerably in different brain regions. The highest content was observed in the olfactory bulb, followed by the olfactory tract and then the remaining part of the brain. To allow comparison of brain cocaine content after iv and in administration, brain cocaine contents were normalized by plasma cocaine concentrations. The ratios of the area under the cocaine concentration-time curve (AUC) between the olfactory bulb and plasma at early times following in administration were significantly higher than those obtained after the iv dose (13.4 +/- 5.56 vs 6.16 +/- 0.94, p < 0.05, for AUC ratio up to 2 min post dose; 9.39 +/- 1.47 vs 7.34 +/- 0.59, p < 0.05, for AUC ratio up to 4 min post dose). At 1 min post dose, the olfactory bulb-to-plasma cocaine concentration ratios following in administration was three times those obtained after iv administration. After 1 min, the olfactory bulb-to-plasma concentration ratios following in administration were found to be similar to or smaller than those obtained after iv administration. The tissue-to-plasma concentration ratios in other brain regions following in administration were found to be smaller than those obtained following iv dosing. We conclude that nasally administered cocaine was transported directly from the nasal cavity to the brain but that only a very small fraction of the dose was transported via the direct pathway.
Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Exhibits Neuroprotection in Two Rat Models of Stroke (2003)

These results suggest that rHDL reduces neuronal damage after onset of ischemic stroke, possibly by involving an anti-oxidative mechanism. Thus, rHDL may be a powerful neuroprotective tool for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.
The Effects of L-Carnitine L-Tartrate Supplementation on Hormonal Responses to Resistance Exercise and Recovery (2003)

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of L-carnitine L-tartrate (LCLT) supplementation using a balanced, cross-over, placebo-controlled research design on the anabolic hormone response (i.e., testosterone [T], insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 [IGFBP-3], and immunofunctional and immunoreactive growth hormone [GHif and GHir]) to acute resistance exercise. Ten healthy, recreationally weight-trained men (mean +/- SD age 23.7 +/- 2.3 years, weight 78.7 +/- 8.5 kg, and height 179.2 +/- 4.6 cm) volunteered and were matched, and after 3 weeks of supplementation (2 g LCLT per day), fasting morning blood samples were obtained on six consecutive days (D1-D6). Subjects performed a squat protocol (5 sets of 15-20 repetitions) on D2. During the squat protocol, blood samples were obtained before exercise and 0, 15, 30, 120, and 180 minutes postexercise. After a 1-week washout period, subjects consumed the other supplement for a 3-week period, and the same experimental protocol was repeated using the exact same procedures. Expected exercise-induced increases in all of the hormones were observed for GHir, GHif, IGFBP-3, and T. Over the recovery period, LCLT reduced the amount of exercise-induced muscle tissue damage, which was assessed via magnetic resonance imaging scans of the thigh. LCLT supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) increased IGFBP-3 concentrations prior to and at 30, 120, and 180 minutes after acute exercise. No other direct effects of LCLT supplementation were observed on the absolute concentrations of the hormones examined, but with more undamaged tissue, a greater number of intact receptors would be available for hormonal interactions. These data support the use of LCLT as a recovery supplement for hypoxic exercise and lend further insights into the hormonal mechanisms that may help to mediate quicker recovery.
Stents in Renal Artery Bifurcation Stenosis: A Case Report (2011)

A 39-year-old patient presented with poorly controlled hypertension, and she was referred to renal angiogram and potential renal angioplasty. Renal angiogram showed a bifurcation lesion of the right renal artery. A guide wire was used to cross the upper branch, while the lower branch was protected by another same-type guide wire through the same introducer. Two thin monorail balloons were used to dilate the two branches; however, despite balloon dilatation, the stenosis of the vessels persisted. The "kissing balloon" technique was then attempted by simultaneously inflating both branches using the same balloons, but more than a 70% residual stenosis persisted in each branch. Two stents were finally placed in a "kissing" way through the main renal artery. The imaging and clinical results were good, without any procedure-related complications. Three years clinical followup was also good, without any reason for further interventional approach.
Crystal Structure of a D-Amino Acid Aminotransferase: How the Protein Controls Stereoselectivity (1995)

The three-dimensional structure of D-amino acid aminotransferase (D-AAT) in the pyridoxamine phosphate form has been determined crystallographically. The fold of this pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-containing enzyme is completely different from those of any of the other enzymes that utilize PLP as part of their mechanism and whose structures are known. However, there are some striking similarities between the active sites of D-AAT and the corresponding enzyme that transaminates L-amino acids, L-aspartate aminotransferase. These similarities represent convergent evolution to a common solution of the problem of enforcing transamination chemistry on the PLP cofactor. Implications of these similarities are discussed in terms of their possible roles in the stabilization of intermediates of a transamination reaction. In addition, sequence similarity between D-AAT and branched chain L-amino acid aminotransferase suggests that this latter enzyme will also have a fold similar to that of D-AAT.
Sequential Self‐Assembly of a DNA Hexagon as a Template for the Organization of Gold Nanoparticles (2006)

Six of one and half a dozen of the other: A cyclic hexamer of six gold nanoparticles was sequentially and selectively self-assembled by labeling each particle (red sphere) with a DNA-containing molecule (colored block), which serves to dictate its ultimate location within the final construct. This method may be used to construct any discrete well-defined pattern of nanoparticles. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z502481_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Halo sugar nucleosides. I. Iodination of the primary hydroxyl groups of nucleosides with methyltriphenoxyphosphonium iodide (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHalo sugar nucleosides. I. Iodination of the primary hydroxyl groups of nucleosides with methyltriphenoxyphosphonium iodideJulien P. H. Verheyden and John G. MoffattCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 7, 2319–2326Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00832a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00832a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1478Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 decreases the severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal mice and preterm piglets: evidence in mice for a role of TLR9 (2014)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death from gastrointestinal disease in premature infants and develops partly from an exaggerated intestinal epithelial immune response to indigenous microbes. There has been interest in administering probiotic bacteria to reduce NEC severity, yet concerns exist regarding infection risk. Mechanisms of probiotic activity in NEC are unknown although activation of the microbial DNA receptor Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) has been postulated. We now hypothesize that the Gram-positive bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 can attenuate NEC in small and large animal models, that its microbial DNA is sufficient for its protective effects, and that protection requires activation of the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). We now show that oral administration of live or UV-inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 attenuates NEC severity in newborn mice and premature piglets, as manifest by reduced histology score, attenuation of mucosal cytokine response, and improved gross morphology. TLR9 was required for Lactobacillus rhamnosus-mediated protection against NEC in mice, as the selective decrease of TLR9 from the intestinal epithelium reversed its protective effects. Strikingly, DNA of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 reduced the extent of proinflammatory signaling in cultured enterocytes and in samples of resected human ileum ex vivo, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this probiotic in clinical NEC. Taken together, these findings illustrate that Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 is an effective probiotic for NEC via activation of the innate immune receptor TLR9 and that Lactobacillus rhamnosus DNA is sufficient for its protective effects, potentially reducing concerns regarding the infectious risk of this novel therapeutic approach.
Prolonged release and c‐kit expression of haemopoietic precursor cells mobilized by stem cell factor and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (1999)

Mobilization of haemopoietic precursor cells into the circulation by the combination of cytokines, stem cell factor (SCF) and G-CSF in previously untreated patients with carcinoma of the breast resulted in increased yield of collected peripheral blood precursor cells (PBPC). This mobilization of PBPC by SCF with G-CSF lasted several days after ceasing the cytokines in comparison to the rapid fall of PBPC after ceasing G-CSF. Possible mechanisms for this increased and prolonged mobilization were investigated. Immunological phenotyping with CD38, Thy-1 and MDR-1 of the CD34-positive mobilized PBPC detected no difference in maturity compared to PBPC mobilized by G-CSF alone. However, the down-regulation of c-kit, which is associated with the mechanism of mobilization, was much greater in the PBPC mobilized by SCF and G-CSF. The potential clinical implication of increased and prolonged mobilization is increased yield, allowing transplantation of heavily pre-treated patients, transplantation with PBPC from a single apheresis, or PBSC support for multiple courses of high-dose therapy from one mobilization procedure.
Transcription factor networks in erythroid cell and megakaryocyte development (2011)

Erythroid cells and megakaryocytes are derived from a common precursor, the megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor. Although these 2 closely related hematopoietic cell types share many transcription factors, there are several key differences in their regulatory networks that lead to differential gene expression downstream of the megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor. With the advent of next-generation sequencing and our ability to precisely define transcription factor chromatin occupancy in vivo on a global scale, we are much closer to understanding how these 2 lineages are specified and in general how transcription factor complexes govern hematopoiesis.
The InfoPad user interface (2002)

We have shown a prototype user interface for the InfoPad, a portable terminal with multi-modal input and multimedia output. The InfoPad's main features are: portability, continuous network connectivity using a high-bandwidth radio link, pen input with handwriting recognition, audio input with speech recognition, full-motion video playback with synchronized audio, text/graphics display. The InfoPad's unique input and output characteristics offer challenges and opportunities for user interface design. We have implemented an API for network access to audio, pen, graphics, and video data; we have also implemented speech and handwriting recognizers along with programming interfaces and toolkits. We are prototyping applications and user interfaces to explore how handwriting and voice recognition may best be used together. We believe that the lessons we will learn can be applied to other multi-modal platforms.
Patients' preference of established and emerging treatment options for obstructive sleep apnoea. (2015)

More than 9 out of 10 of the respondents were interested in trying emerging technologies to treat OSA, most preferring CTES. Less sleepy patients were more likely to choose less invasive treatments. These findings will likely impact on future research and development of therapies for sleep-disordered breathing.
Microarchitecture choices (implementation of the VAX) (1989)

The VAX Architecture provides hardware implementors with an opportunity or a nightmare, depending on your point of view. Such characteristics as 304 opcodes, a large number of addressing modes, a large number of supported data types, and non-regularities in the ISA semantics all provide challenges to the microarchitect. The VAX architecture was introduced in 1977 with its first microarchitecture, the VAX 11/780, a TTL MSI implementation. Since then, there have been several distinct implementations, each reflecting (1) the technology in which it was implemented, (2) the performance/cost tradeoffs it was supposed to consider, and (3) the design methodology of its implementors. This paper is a first attempt at discussing several VAX implementations from the standpoint of the choices made in the microarchitecture as driven by the context of the device technology, the performance/cost tradeoffs, and other considerations.
Algorithms for cooperative multisensor surveillance (2001)

The Video Surveillance and Monitoring (VSAM) team at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) has developed an end-to-end, multicamera surveillance system that allows a single human operator to monitor activities in a cluttered environment using a distributed network of active video sensors. Video understanding algorithms have been developed to automatically detect people and vehicles, seamlessly track them using a network of cooperating active sensors, determine their three-dimensional locations with respect to a geospatial site model, and present this information to a human operator who controls the system through a graphical user interface. The goal is to automatically collect and disseminate real-time information to improve the situational awareness of security providers and decision makers. The feasibility of real-time video surveillance has been demonstrated within a multicamera testbed system developed on the campus of CMU. This paper presents an overview of the issues and algorithms involved in creating this semiautonomous, multicamera surveillance system.
The Limits of Realism (1990)

Chinese intellectuals of the early twentieth century were attracted to realism primarily as a tool for social regeneration. Realism encouraged writers to adopt the stance of the independent cultural critic and drew into the compass of serious literature the disenfranchised "others" of Chinese society. As historical pressures forced new ideological commitments in the late twenties and thirties, however, writers grew suspicious both of the "individualism" implicit in the realist model and of the often superficial nature of the sympathies that their fiction evoked in the middle class. Anderson argues that realism must be defined negatively as a "discourse of limitations" and is of minimal utility in the Chinese search for political and cultural empowerment. He shows how hesitations about the realist model affect the fiction of four representative authors, Lu Xun, Ye Shaojun, Mao Dun, and Zhang Tianyi. He also considers the demise of critical realism in the face of a new collectivist understanding of Chinese reality. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1990.