gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on B. subtilis Ribonuclease. I. Characterization of Enzymatic Specificity. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on B. subtilis Ribonuclease. I. Characterization of Enzymatic Specificity.G. W. Rushizky, A. E. Greco, R. W. Hartley, Jr., and H. A. SoberCite this: Biochemistry 1963, 2, 4, 787–793Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00904a028https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00904a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan—A Review (1995)

Various procedures for preparation of the biopolymers chitin and chitosan have been developed over the years. Preparation methodology and analysis of physicochemical properties of these biopolymers are reviewed in terms of crustacean species and diverse characterization methodology. Such properties influence biopolymer functionality differing with crustacean species and preparation methods. Monitoring of the relationship between process conditions and chitin/chitosan products is needed to insure uniformity and proper product quality control. Research with chitosan derived from crawfish processing operations indicates the need for a more integrated approach for total resource utilization. Examples of value-added processing by-products, coupled with chitosan recovery, are noted.
Determination of ribavirin in human serum and plasma by capillary electrophoresis (2004)

The electrophoretic separation of ribavirin and 5-methylcytidine (internal standard) by capillary electrophoresis was examined. Separation was achieved using reverse polarity in a 100 mM borate electrolyte, pH 9.1, with 5 mM spermine added to reduce the electroosmotic flow. Sample preparation based on acetonitrile protein precipitation was found to be unsuitable for ribavirin analysis in patient samples due to insufficient sensitivity and interferences. Solid-phase extraction employing phenyl boronic acid cartridges provided cleaner separations. Using this approach with 500 microL sample and reconstitution of the dried extract into 100 microL of 33% v/v 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.4 / 67% v/v acetonitrile, the detection and quantitation limits were determined to be 0.05 and 0.10 microg/mL, respectively, a sensitivity that is suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of ribavirin in human plasma and serum samples. The method was validated and compared to a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, showing excellent agreement between the two for a set of samples that stemmed from patients being treated with ribavirin and interferon-alpha-2b for a hepatitis C virus infection.
New approaches and potential treatments for dry age-related macular degeneration (2012)

Emerging treatments for dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and geographic atrophy focus on two strategies that target components involved in physiopathological pathways: prevention of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium loss (neuroprotection induction, oxidative damage prevention, and visual cycle modification) and suppression of inflammation. Neuroprotective drugs, such as ciliary neurotrophic factor, brimonidine tartrate, tandospirone, and anti-amyloid β antibodies, aim to prevent apoptosis of retinal cells. Oxidative stress and depletion of essential micronutrients are targeted by the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) formulation. Visual cycle modulators reduce the activity of the photoreceptors and retinal accumulation of toxic fluorophores and lipofuscin. Eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration present chronic inflammation and potential treatments include corticosteroid and complement inhibition. We review the current concepts and rationale of dry age-related macular degeneration treatment that will most likely include a combination of drugs targeting different pathways involved in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration.
A MM-Wave Configurable VCO Using MCPW-Based Tunable Inductor in 65-nm CMOS (2011)

This paper describes the modeling and the design of a ladder-structured multilayer-coplanar-waveguide-based tunable differential inductor with wide tuning range and high quality factor. The impacts of process variation on the performance of the inductor and active components are mitigated through postfabrication tuning. A configurable 77-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a tunable inductor has been designed and implemented in a 65-nm single-poly six-metal bulk CMOS technology. Techniques for tuning the center frequency and increasing the tuning range are described. Under a 1.5-V supply, the measured VCO can be tuned from 67.3 to 77.9 GHz, i.e., 15.8%, while consuming 14.3 mW; the output power is -4.5 dBm, and the phase noise at a 10-MHz offset from the 77-GHz carrier is -108.4 dBc/Hz. This configurable VCO provides a wide tuning range and immunity to process variation.
Seaweeds for umami flavour in the New Nordic Cuisine (2012)

Use of the term 'umami' for the fifth basic taste and for describing the sensation of deliciousness is finding its way into Western cuisine. The unique molecular mechanism behind umami sensation is now partly understood as an allosteric action of glutamate and certain 5'-ribonucleotides on the umami receptors. Chefs have started using this understanding to create dishes with delicious taste by adding old and new ingredients that enhance umami. In this paper, we take as our starting point the traditional Japanese soup broth dashi as the 'mother' of umami and demonstrate how dashi can be prepared from local, Nordic seaweeds, in particular the large brown seaweed sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) and the red seaweed dulse (Palmaria palmata), possibly combined with bacon, chicken meat or dried mushrooms to provide synergy in the umami taste. Optimal conditions are determined for dashi extraction from these seaweeds, and the corresponding glutamate, aspartate and alaninate contents are determined quantitatively and compared with Japanese dashi extracted from the brown seaweed konbu (Saccharina japonica). Dulse and dashi from dulse are proposed as promising novel ingredients in the New Nordic Cuisine to infuse a range of different dishes with umami taste, such as ice cream, fresh cheese and bread.
Relative dilution spaces of 2H- and 18O-labeled water in humans (1994)

The doubly labeled water method for measuring energy expenditure can be very sensitive to small differences in the ratio of the 2H to 18O isotope dilution spaces. Recently it has been suggested that the average ratio is higher than the 1.03 we previously recommended. We therefore combined the data from 99 recently studied subjects. Subjects (85 females and 14 males) were between the ages of 4 and 78 yr (mean = 34 yr) and between 10 and 52% (mean = 35%) fat. The average 2H-to-18O dilution space ratio was 1.034 +/- 0.014, which was very similar to the original assumption. As in recent reports, we did find that most of the variance (60%) was due to random analytic error and that there was no correlation between the dilution space ratio and age or body fat. However, in contrast to recent reports we found no evidence of a gender difference. Use of the constant dilution space ratio of 1.034 to recalculate CO2 product in published validation studies demonstrated improved accuracy, and thus the value of 1.034 is suggested for use in future studies.
Automatic Learning Algorithm for the MD-Logic Artificial Pancreas System (2011)

The new algorithm was effective in characterizing the patient profiles from open-loop data and in adjusting treatment to provide better glycemic control during closed-loop control in both conditions. These findings warrant corroboratory clinical trials.
Activation of L-Lysine ε-Dehydrogenase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens by Several Amino Acids and Monocarboxylates (1989)

The activation of lysine epsilon-dehydrogenase [EC 1.4.1.] by L-lysine was dependent on lysine concentration and was accompanied by association of the dimeric enzymes to a tetramer. The lysine concentration required for the half-maximal activation was 0.28 mM, which was lower than the Km value for L-lysine. In addition to L-lysine, several compounds, which were neither substrates nor inhibitors, activated the enzyme. The compounds which activated the enzyme have common structural characteristics: they have both a carboxyl group and a hydrophobic side chain. These activators also induced the association of the enzyme. The activation of the enzyme occurred well over the pH range 5.0 to 7.5, and the maximal activation was obtained by preincubation for 5 min at 30 degrees C and pH 7.4, when 5 mM L-lysine or 6-aminocaproate was used as an activator. NADH binding experiments indicated that about 2 mol of NADH bind to 1 mol of the tetrameric enzyme: the dimeric enzyme has one catalytic site. Binding experiments with n-[1-14C]heptanoate and L-[U-14C]lysine showed that approximately 2 mol of ligands bind to 1 mol of the dimeric enzyme and L-lysine could not bind to the catalytic site of the enzyme in the absence of NAD+. These results indicate the presence of one catalytic site and two activator binding binding sites in the dimeric enzyme.
Proteomic Approaches to the Analysis of Early Events in Colony-stimulating Factor-1 Signal Transduction (2003)

The exposure of cells to growth factors leads to the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins that play critical roles in initiating cellular responses. These proteins are associated with other nontyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. Together, they represent less than 0.02% of the total cellular protein. To study their functions in growth factor signaling it is necessary to establish their identity, post-translational modifications, and interactions. We have focused on the characterization of this group of proteins during the early response of macrophages to the macrophage growth factor, colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). We review here the development of approaches to analysis of the rapid CSF-1-induced changes in the CSF-1 receptor tyrosine kinase and phosphotyrosyl signaling complexes. Recent advances in mass spectrometry technology are greatly facilitating the characterization of such complexes. These methods strongly support and enhance genetic approaches that are being used to analyze the function of individual signaling components and pathways.
The cube coefficient subspace architecture for nonlinear digital predistortion (2008)

In this paper, we present the cube coefficient subspace (CCS) architecture for linearizing power amplifiers (PAs), which divides the overparametrized Volterra kernel into small, computationally efficient subkernels spanning only the portions of the full multidimensional coefficient space with the greatest impact on linearization. Using measured results from a Q-band solid state PA, we demonstrate that the CCS predistorter architecture achieves better linearization performance than state-of-the-art memory polynomials and generalized memory polynomials.
Regeneration of hair follicles and sebaceous glands from the epithelium of scars in the rabbit. (1954)

Summary Discs of skin of total skin thickness were removed from the backs of rabbits. The wounds were hindered from contracting and excessive drying by means of a protective chamber and were allowed to heal by scab formation and granulation. Functioning hair follicles and sebaceous glands developed in the scars, sometimes in great profusion. It was shown that these structures arose by budding from radially arranged bars of thickened epithelium, at least some of which had grown or migrated from cut hair follicles at the edge of the wound. The dermal papillae formed at about the time of budding of the hair follicles and developed together with them. The Shope virus induced papillomas on the regenerating skin, but their cell of origin could not be determined. It is concluded that scar epithelium, under the conditions of the experiments, is capable of redifferentiating into hair follicles and sebaceous glands and that “granulation tissue” of the scar is capable of redifferentiating into dermal papillae.
Nucleotide Sequence of Papaya Mosaic Virus RNA (1989)

The RNA genome of papaya mosaic virus is 6656 nucleotides long [excluding the poly(A) tail] with six open reading frames (ORFs) more than 200 nucleotides long. The four nearest the 5' end each overlap with adjacent ORFs and could code for proteins with Mr 176307, 26248, 11949 and 7224 (ORFs 1 to 4). The fifth ORF produces the capsid protein of Mr 23043 and the sixth ORF, located completely within ORF1, could code for a protein with Mr 14113. The translation products of ORFs 1 to 3 show strong similarity with those of other potexviruses but the ORF 4 protein has only limited similarity with the other potexvirus ORF 4 proteins of 7K to 11K.
Electrochemical Oxidations ofp-Doped Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2016)

Two oxidation peaks at 0.99, 1.48 V versus Fc/Fc + appear in the cyclic voltammograms of a series of defect-site functionalized SWNTs in methylene chloride solution in the presence of ferrocenes. These two peaks are demonstrated to be the electrochemical responses to the independent oxidation of v 1 and v 2 valence bands of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-doped semiconducting SWNTs.
Inhaled nitric oxide decreases infarction size and improves left ventricular function in a murine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (2006)

To learn whether nitric oxide (NO) inhalation can decrease myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, we studied a murine model of myocardial infarction (MI). Anesthetized mice underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for 30, 60, or 120 min followed by reperfusion. Mice breathed NO beginning 20 min before reperfusion and continuing thereafter for 24 h. MI size and area at risk were measured, and left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated using echocardiography and invasive hemodynamic measurements. Inhalation of 40 or 80 ppm, but not 20 ppm, NO decreased the ratio of MI size to area at risk. NO inhalation improved LV systolic function, as assessed by echocardiography 24 h after reperfusion, and systolic and diastolic function, as evaluated by hemodynamic measurements 72 h after reperfusion. Myocardial neutrophil infiltration was reduced in mice breathing NO, and neutrophil depletion prevented inhaled NO from reducing myocardial I/R injury. NO inhalation increased arterial nitrite levels but did not change myocardial cGMP levels. Breathing 40 or 80 ppm NO markedly and significantly decreased MI size and improved LV function after ischemia and reperfusion in mice. NO inhalation may represent a novel method to salvage myocardium at risk of I/R injury.
Direct transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of heteroaromatic compounds (2007)

During the last two decades there has been considerable growth in the development of catalytic reactions capable of activating unreactive C-H bonds. These methods allow for the synthesis of complex molecules from easily available and cheaper precursors in a fewer number of steps. Naturally, the development of C-H activation methods for direct functionalization of heterocyclic molecules, invaluable building blocks for pharmaceutical and synthetic chemistry and material science, has received substantial attention as well. This critical review summarizes the progress made in this field until November 2006 (117 references).
Two leukocyte receptors (CD11a/CD18 and CD11b/CD18) mediate transient adhesion to endothelium by binding to different ligands. (1989)

Upon stimulation with C5a, TNF, or phorbol dibutyrate (PDB), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) exhibit first an increase then a decrease in adhesion to unstimulated endothelial cells (EC). Essentially all of this adhesion is mediated by the CD18 family of leukocyte integrins on PMN. To determine the individual roles of CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1), CD11b/CD18 (CR3, Mac-1) and CD11c/CD18 (p150,95) in adhesion of PDB-stimulated PMN to unstimulated EC, mAb against the CD11 chains were used. mAb against CD11a or CD11b each blocked adhesion of PMN to EC by approximately 50%, but mAb against CD11c had no effect. Inasmuch as a combination of anti-CD11a and CD11b mAb completely blocked adhesion, it appears that CD11a/CD18 and CD11b/CD18 make approximately equal contributions to binding, and CD11c does not participate. Anti-CD11a or CD11b each blocked adhesion by about 50% throughout the transient time course of PDB-stimulated adhesion, indicating that the capacity of each of these receptors to bind EC is transiently activated by PDB. We next examined the role of ICAM-1 on EC as a ligand for CD18. Two anti-ICAM-1 mAb (LB-2 and 84H10) each inhibited PMN adhesion in a dose-dependent fashion, reaching a maximal inhibition of approximately 50%. Anti-ICAM-1 mAb blocked the CD11a/CD18-dependent portion of adhesion because concomitant use of anti-CD11a and anti-ICAM-1 did not cause additive inhibition. In contrast, anti-CD11b plus anti-ICAM-1 resulted in complete blockade of adhesion. This result suggests that CD11a/CD18 recognizes ICAM-1 on EC, but CD11b/CD18 recognizes a different ligand(s). To determine if CD11b CD18 has the ability to recognize ICAM-1, human macrophages were plated on culture surfaces coated with purified ICAM-1. Interaction of CD11a/CD18 with the surface-bound ICAM-1 resulted in selective down-modulation of CD11a/CD18 from the apical portion of the macrophages. In contrast, ICAM-1-coated surfaces did not down-modulate CD11b/CD18. The data suggest that CD11b/CD18 does not recognize ICAM-1, and that this receptor functions in adhesion of PMN to EC by recognizing novel ligand(s) on EC.
Mitochondrial pathology and apoptotic muscle degeneration in Drosophila parkin mutants (2003)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Several lines of evidence strongly implicate mitochondrial dysfunction as a major causative factor in PD, although the molecular mechanisms responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction are poorly understood. Recently, loss-of-function mutations in the parkin gene, which encodes a ubiquitin-protein ligase, were found to underlie a familial form of PD known as autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP). To gain insight into the molecular mechanism responsible for selective cell death in AR-JP, we have created a Drosophila model of this disorder. Drosophila parkin null mutants exhibit reduced lifespan, locomotor defects, and male sterility. The locomotor defects derive from apoptotic cell death of muscle subsets, whereas the male sterile phenotype derives from a spermatid individualization defect at a late stage of spermatogenesis. Mitochondrial pathology is the earliest manifestation of muscle degeneration and a prominent characteristic of individualizing spermatids in parkin mutants. These results indicate that the tissue-specific phenotypes observed in Drosophila parkin mutants result from mitochondrial dysfunction and raise the possibility that similar mitochondrial impairment triggers the selective cell loss observed in AR-JP.
Unifying artifacts and activities in a visual tool for distributed software development teams (2004)

In large projects, software developers struggle with two sources of complexity - the complexity of the code itself, and the complexity of the process of producing it. Both of these concerns have been subjected to considerable research investigation, and tools and techniques have been developed to help manage them. However, these solutions have generally been developed independently, making it difficult to deal with problems that inherently span both dimensions. We describe Augur, a visualization tool that supports distributed software development processes. Augur creates visual representations of both software artifacts and software development activities, and, crucially, allows developers to explore the relationship between them. Augur is designed not for managers, but for the developers participating in the software development process. We discuss some of the early results of informal evaluation with open source software developers. Our experiences to date suggest that combining views of artifacts and activities is both meaningful and valuable to software developers.
Robots in human environments (1999)

Discusses the basic capabilities needed to enable robots to operate in human populated environments for accomplishing both autonomous tasks and human-guided tasks. These capabilities are key to many new emerging robotic applications in service, construction, field, underwater, and space. An important characteristic of these robots is the "assistance" ability they can bring to humans in performing various physical tasks. To interact with humans and operate in their environments, these robots must be provided with the functionality of mobility and manipulation. The article presents developments of models, strategies, and algorithms concerned with a number of autonomous capabilities that are essential for robot operations in human environments. These capabilities include: integrated mobility and manipulation, cooperative skills between multiple robots, interaction ability with humans, and efficient techniques for real-time modification of collision-free path. These capabilities are demonstrated on two holonomic mobile platforms designed and built at Stanford University in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratories and Nomadic Technologies.
Stereochemistry of meso-.alpha.,.epsilon.-diaminopimelate decarboxylase reaction: the first evidence for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent decarboxylation with inversion of configuration (1981)

The stereochemistry of the decarboxylation of meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate catalyzed by meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.20) of Bacillus sphaericus was determined by stereochemical analyses of [6-2H]-L-lysine produced by the reaction in D2O. The product [6-2H]-L-lysine was converted to levorotatory methyl 5-phthalimido[5-2H]valerate by the reactions not affecting the absolute configuration of the asymmetric carbon atom. By contrast, methyl 5-phthalimido[5-2H]valerate derived from [2,6-2H2]-L-lysine, which was produced from [2,6-2H2]diaminopimelate by decarboxylation in H2O, was dextrorotatory. The authentic methyl (R)-5-phthalimido[5-2H]valerate prepared from L-glutamate with glutamate decarboxylase was levorotatory. These results indicate that the meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate decarboxylase reaction proceeds in an inversion mode. The deuterium label in [6-2H]-L-lysine was fully conserved during the conversion into pelletierine through [1-2H]cadaverine by the stereospecific diamine oxidase reaction. Thus, the enzymatic decarboxylation of meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate occurs with inversion of configuration in contrast to the other amino acid decarboxylase reported so far.