gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorigenic Substrates for the Protease Activities of Botulinum Neurotoxins, Serotypes A, B, and F (2003)

ABSTRACT The seven botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are zinc metalloproteases that cleave neuronal proteins involved in neurotransmitter release and are among the most toxic natural products known. High-throughput BoNT assays are needed for use in antibotulinum drug discovery and to characterize BoNT protease activities. Compared to other proteases, BoNTs exhibit unusually stringent substrate requirements with respect to amino acid sequences and polypeptide lengths. Nonetheless, we have devised a strategy for development of fluorigenic BoNT protease assays, based on earlier structure-function studies, that has proven successful for three of the seven serotypes: A, B, and F. In synthetic peptide substrates, the P 1 and P 3 ′ residues were substituted with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-lysine and S -( N -[4-methyl-7-dimethylamino-coumarin-3-yl]-carboxamidomethyl)-cysteine, respectively. By monitoring the BoNT-catalyzed increase in fluorescence over time, initial hydrolysis rates could be obtained in 1 to 2 min when BoNT concentrations were 60 ng/ml (about 1 nM) or higher. Each BoNT cleaved its fluorigenic substrate at the same location as in the neuronal target protein, and kinetic constants indicated that the substrates were selective and efficient. The fluorigenic assay for BoNT B was used to characterize a new competitive inhibitor of BoNT B protease activity with a K i value of 4 μM. In addition to real-time activity measurements, toxin concentration determinations, and kinetic studies, the BoNT substrates described herein may be directly incorporated into automated high-throughput assay systems to screen large numbers of compounds for potential antibotulinum drugs.
Comparative study of five instruments measuring stratum corneum hydration (Corneometer CM 820 and CM 825, Skicon 200, Nova DPM 9003, DermaLab). Part I. In vitro (1999)

Background/aims: The hydration state of stratum corneum can be measured with different instruments. In the present study, five instruments were compared under different experimental in vitro conditions: Corneometer CM 820 and CM 825, Skicon 200, Nova DPM and DermaLab. Methods: A sorption‐desorption test, measurements on different filters and with liquids with different dielectric constants, measurement‐depth analysis and measurements on different agar plates were performed. Results: Good correlation between the values of the five instruments and μl (sorption test: varying from r = 0.8249 to r = 0.9635) and time (desorption test: correlation varying from r = 0.7615 to r =0.9909) could be demonstrated. A high Spearman correlation coefficient ( r ) could be proven for dielectric constant (dc)/CM 820 ( r =0.9333), dc/CM 825 ( r =0.9833) and dc/Nova DPM ( r =0.9048). A lower correlation or no correlation was found for dc/DermaLab ( r =0.8469; P =0.023) and dc/Skicon 200 ( r =0.9000; P =0.083). Conclusions: For each of the five instruments, the electrical field of measurement can be assumed to cover the following depths: CM 820, between 30 and 45 μm; CM 825, around or less than 15 μm; Skicon 200, less than 15 μm; Nova DPM, between 45 and 60 μm; DermaLab, around or less than 15 nm.
Plasma chitotriosidase activity in Gaucher disease patients who have been treated either by bone marrow transplantation or by enzyme replacement therapy with alglucerase (1997)

A marked elevation in plasma chitotriosidase (chitinase) activity has recently been observed in patients with Gaucher disease (Hollak et al 1994). It has been suggested that this phenomenon may serve as a useful marker for the efficacy of treatment with enzyme replacement therapy. We report our findings on the comparison of plasma chitotriosidase levels in 8 patients treated with the modified human placental enzyme alglucerase and 8 patients treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Two years after transplantation the activity in the BMT patients had fallen by over 93% and has continued to fall. Now, 5-12 years post-BMT, 6 patients have normal levels of plasma chitotriosidase and 2 patients have activities slightly above the reference range. Patients have been treated with alglucerase for a considerably shorter time than the BMT patients. The chitotriosidase activities have fallen and are continuing to fall in 7 patients but at a slower rate than in the BMT group. In one patient there has been no appreciable change in activity over the last 6 months, which would suggest that she may be on too low a dosage.
Community-Based Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension and Diabetes in Dharan (2013)

Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease and cardiovascular risk factors are high in Dharan. Reasonable control of blood sugar, hypertension and proteinuria was achieved in this program. Findings indicate that activation a large prevention and intervention program to tackle Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease in Nepal is needed.
Near-infrared photodetectors based on polycrystalline Ge evaporated on Si(100) substrates (2000)

Abstract We report the fabrication of efficient near-infrared photodetectors based on polycrystalline Ge films on Si (100). In view of integration with Si electronics, metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes have been realized, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, by low-temperature evaporation. The experiments performed on non-optimized devices indicate a substantial sensitivity at both 1.32 and 1.55 μ m, with a responsivity as high as l6mA W−1 at 1.32 μm with 0.2 V bias, and a time response of about 4ns.
Issues in stem cell plasticity (2004)

Experimental biology and medicine work with stem cells more than twenty years. The method discovered for in vitro culture of human embryonal stem cells acquired at abortions or from "surplus" embryos left from in vitro fertilization, evoked immediately ideas on the possibility to aim development and differentiation of these cells at regeneration of damaged tissues. Recently, several surprising observations proved that even tissue-specific (multipotent) stem cells are capable, under suitable conditions, of producing a whole spectrum of cell types, regardless, whether these tissues are derived from the same germ layer or not. This ability is frequently called stem cell plasticity but other authors also use different names - "non-orthodox differentiation" or "transdifferentiation". In this paper we wish to raise several important questions and problems related to this theme. Let us remind some of them: Is it possible to force cells of one-type tissue to look and act as cells of another tissue? Are these changes natural? Could these transformations be used to treat diseases? What about the bioethic issue? However, the most serious task "still remains to be solved - how to detect, harvest and culture stem cells for therapy of certain diseases".
Electronic Energy Transfer in Molecular Crystals (1976)

In the last ten years, a number of reviews of properties of molecular crystals have appeared in this series (1, 2, 3). The spectral properties of insulating molecular crystals [which are often described within the framework of the Frenkel theory of excitons (4, 5)] have been reviewed by Hochstrasser (I) and by Robinson (2). The properties of charge transfer crystals have been reviewed recently by SODS (3). In addition, the review by El-Sayed (6) on double resonance techniques applied to triplet states of organic molecules concerned itself with organic molecular crystals. In the present review, I focus on a different aspect of molecular crystals: the transport of electronic excitation from molecule to molecule. This process, and its effect on optical spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, and fluorescence, has been of great interest in the last few years; I present a critical review of the theoretical developments in this field. Specific attention is paid to the theory of exciton transport in molecular crystals, the theory of exciton-molecular vibration and exciton-phonon interactions, and finally, to a quite different topic, the theory of excitation transport across surfaces. Those works dealing with the optical properties of molecular crystals within the coupled oscillator model are not dealt with. It will be assumed that the interaction of light with the system is weak enough so that retardation effects and the formation of polariton states may be neglected. Only work dealing with excitation transport is dealt with herein. We begin by discussing the simplest type of system in which excitation transfer takes p lace in order to define the terms necessary to treat excitation transfer in more complex systems.
New Nanocomposite Materials:  Microcrystalline Starch Reinforced Thermoplastic (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTNew Nanocomposite Materials: Microcrystalline Starch Reinforced ThermoplasticAlain Dufresne, Jean-Yves Cavaillé, and William HelbertView Author Information Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France Cite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 23, 7624–7626Publication Date (Web):November 4, 1996Publication History Received21 February 1996Revised13 August 1996Published online4 November 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9602738https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9602738rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1343Altmetric-Citations152LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Composites,Crystals,Polymers,Suspensions Get e-Alerts
A study to utilize educational facilities with instructional media in the industrial education (1996)

In industrial education which would meet both ends to offer adult-learner (employee) the opportunity to develop himself and to accomplish business aims, it is very important to use instructional media and to prepare the proper educational facilities and equipments. Therefore, this paper would investigate the following aspects. First, the characteristics and optimal training method of industrial education as an adult-training. Secondly, the meaning of instructional media. Thirdly the contents of proper educational facilities and equipments to apply instructional media. Based on the above mentioned investigation, this paper suggests that instructional media and educational facilities and equipments in industrial education should be utilized integratedly and systematically as component factors of total educational program. And then, the basic directions and ways to establish the most desirable educational facilities and equipments are presented in this paper.
Ion milled tips for scanning tunneling microscopy (1987)

Ion milling of electrochemically etched tungsten tips is shown to improve the characteristics for scanning tunneling microscopy. The primary mechanism for the enhancement of tip reliability is identified to be the removal of a residual oxide. A greatly decreased radius of curvature is also achieved without significantly changing the macrostructural geometry of the tip.
Coherently-controlled two-dimensional photon echo electronic spectroscopy (2009)

Optical two-dimensional photon-echo spectroscopy is realized with shaped excitation pulses, allowing coherent control of twodimensional spectra. This development enables probing of state-selective quantum decoherence and phase/time sensitive couplings between states. The coherently-controlled two-dimensional photon-echo spectrometer with two pulse shapers is based on a passively stabilized four-beam interferometer with diffractive optic, and allows heterodyne detection of signals with a long-term phase stability of approximately Lambda/100. The two-dimensional spectra of Rhodamine 101 in a methanol solution, measured with unshaped and shaped pulses, exhibit significant differences. We observe in particular, the appearance of fine structure in the spectra obtained using shaped excitation pulses.
Fat Repositioning in Lower Blepharoplasty to Maintain Infraorbital Rim Contour (1999)

The objective of facial rejuvenative surgery is to restore a youthful contour. With age, changes occur in the lower eyelid and cheek that involve descent of the cheek tissues as well as prolapse of orbital fat in the lower eyelid. This often results in the formation of a tear trough groove at the level of the inferior orbital rim. Lower eyelid rejuvenation surgery can then be achieved through the transposition of this fat over the orbital rim on to the superior face of the maxilla. In this article describe the transconjunctival approach to orbital fat repositioning.
Physical map-assisted whole-genome shotgun sequence assemblies (2006)

We describe a targeted approach to improve the contiguity of whole-genome shotgun sequence (WGS) assemblies at run-time, using information from Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC)-based physical maps. Clone sizes and overlaps derived from clone fingerprints are used for the calculation of length constraints between any two BAC neighbors sharing 40% of their size. These constraints are used to promote the linkage and guide the arrangement of sequence contigs within a sequence scaffold at the layout phase of WGS assemblies. This process is facilitated by FASSI, a stand-alone application that calculates BAC end and BAC overlap length constraints from clone fingerprint map contigs created by the FPC package. FASSI is designed to work with the assembly tool PCAP, but its output can be formatted to work with other WGS assembly algorithms able to use length constraints for individual clones. The FASSI method is simple to implement, potentially cost-effective, and has resulted in the increase of scaffold contiguity for both the Drosophila melanogaster and Cryptococcus gattii genomes when compared to a control assembly without map-derived constraints. A 6.5-fold coverage draft DNA sequence of the Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) genome was assembled using map-derived constraints and resulted in a 26.1% increase in scaffold contiguity.
High-Dose Celecoxib and Metronomic “Low-dose” Cyclophosphamide Is an Effective and Safe Therapy in Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Aggressive Histology Non–Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2006)

Low-dose cyclophosphamide and high-dose celecoxib is well tolerated and active in pretreated aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Close surveillance for arterial and venous thrombotic events is recommended. The decline in circulating endothelial cells and their precursors suggests that this combination may be working by inhibiting angiogenesis but should be validated in a larger patient sample.
Large Free-Standing GaN Substrates by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy and Laser-Induced Liftoff (1999)

Free-standing GaN, nearly equal in area to the original 2 inch wafer, was produced from 250–300 µm thick GaN films grown on sapphire by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). The thick films were separated from the growth substrate by laser-induced liftoff, using a pulsed laser to thermally decompose a thin layer of GaN at the film-substrate interface. Sequentially scanned pulses were employed and the liftoff was performed at elevated temperature (&gt;600°C) to relieve postgrowth bowing. After liftoff, the bow is only slight or absent in the resulting free GaN.
Solar Photovoltaics (2012)

This text provides an up-to-date description of the photovoltaic (PV) components and systems. It contains detailed information on several carefully planned experiments on solar PV cells and modules. The book is divided into two sections: User Manual and Experiments. The experiments are related to the characterization and simulation of solar cells to allow the users to measure various kinds of data on solar cells, modules and PV systems. The simulation experiments would enable the users to simulate solar cells and circuits containing solar cells. The Manual provides an intuitive grasp of PV system components and their behaviour in the field through a discussion of the underlying objectives, expected outcome, theory, equipment used, measurement methodology and results. The Manual will help users in understanding and execution of various experiments related to solar PV. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; This book would be an extremely useful reference manual not only for the technicians and system installers working in the PV field, but also for the students and researchers interested in understanding the fundamental aspects of PV system components and their interconnection.
cDNA clones of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) lacking a membrane-spanning region consistent with evidence for membrane attachment via a phosphatidylinositol intermediate. (1986)

In embryonic chicken brains, the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM is expressed mainly as two polypeptides, the large intracellular-domain polypeptide (ld) (Mr = 160,000) and the small intracellular-domain polypeptide (sd) (Mr = 130,000) chains, that differ in their cytoplasmic domains and that arise by alternative splicing of RNA transcribed from a single gene. There is evidence for a minor N-CAM polypeptide of Mr = 120,000 that is similar to the ld and sd chains for most of its amino-terminal sequence, but which lacks a cytoplasmic domain. We report here the isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone, lambda N151, that appears to encode this third N-CAM polypeptide, which we designate the ssd (small surface-domain) polypeptide chain. The cDNA insert of lambda N151 consists of 2437 base pairs (bp). DNA hybridization and sequencing indicate that the first 1721 bp are nearly identical to the corresponding sequences of clone lambda N208, which encodes the ld chain. Following in the same reading frame, lambda N151 encodes 25 amino acids not present in lambda N208. The rest of lambda N151 consists of a 637-bp noncoding region containing an AATACA polyadenylylation sequence and a 55-bp poly(A) tract. Messenger RNAs complementary to lambda N151 appear later in development than those complementary to the ld and sd chains, and their appearance is correlated with the appearance of the ssd polypeptide. Although the polypeptide encoded by lambda N151 lacks a membrane region that would define a cytoplasmic domain, it does contain at its carboxyl end a relatively hydrophobic stretch of amino acids similar to those seen in precursors of membrane proteins that are attached to membranes via the lipid phosphatidylinositol. We show here that the ssd chain of chicken N-CAM can be released from brain vesicles by treatment with phospholipase C, suggesting that it too may have a phosphatidylinositol anchor. These results define two additional modes by which N-CAM expression can be modulated: by RNA splicing at a new site and by differential membrane attachment of the resulting polypeptide through a lipid intermediate.
Design of a Wearable Device for Reading Positive Expressions from Facial EMG Signals (2014)

In this paper we present the design of a wearable device that reads positive facial expressions using physiological signals. We first analyze facial morphology in 3 dimensions and facial electromyographic signals on different facial locations and show that we can detect electromyographic signals with high amplitude on areas of low facial mobility on the side of the face, which are correlated to ones obtained from electrodes on traditional surface electromyographic capturing positions on top of facial muscles on the front of the face. We use a multi-attribute decision-making method to find adequate electrode positions on the side of face to capture these signals. Based on this analysis, we design and implement an ergonomic wearable device with high reliability. Because the signals are recorded distally, the proposed device uses independent component analysis and an artificial neural network to analyze them and achieve a high facial expression recognition rate on the side of the face. The recognized emotional facial expressions through the wearable interface device can be recorded during therapeutic interventions and for long-term facial expression recognition to quantify and infer the user's affective state in order to support medical professionals.
Robust query processing through progressive optimization (2004)

Virtually every commercial query optimizer chooses the best plan for a query using a cost model that relies heavily on accurate cardinality estimation. Cardinality estimation errors can occur due to the use of inaccurate statistics, invalid assumptions about attribute independence, parameter markers, and so on. Cardinality estimation errors may cause the optimizer to choose a sub-optimal plan. We present an approach to query processing that is extremely robust because it is able to detect and recover from cardinality estimation errors. We call this approach "progressive query optimization" (POP). POP validates cardinality estimates against actual values as measured during query execution. If there is significant disagreement between estimated and actual values, execution might be stopped and re-optimization might occur. Oscillation between optimization and execution steps can occur any number of times. A re-optimization step can exploit both the actual cardinality and partial results, computed during a previous execution step. Checkpoint operators (CHECK) validate the optimizer's cardinality estimates against actual cardinalities. Each CHECK has a condition that indicates the cardinality bounds within which a plan is valid. We compute this validity range through a novel sensitivity analysis of query plan operators. If the CHECK condition is violated, CHECK triggers re-optimization. POP has been prototyped in a leading commercial DBMS. An experimental evaluation of POP using TPC-H queries illustrates the robustness POP adds to query processing, while incurring only negligible overhead. A case-study applying POP to a real-world database and workload shows the potential of POP, accelerating complex OLAP queries by almost two orders of magnitude.
A novel group I intron‐encoded endonuclease specific for the anticodon region of tRNAfMet genes (2001)

Open reading frames (ORFs) are frequently inserted into group I self-splicing introns. These ORFs encode either maturases that are required for splicing of the intron or DNA endonucleases that promote intron mobility. A self-splicing intron in the tRNA(fMet) gene of Synechocystis PCC 6803, which has been proposed to have moved laterally within the cyanobacteria, contains an ORF that is unrelated to known intron-encoded endonucleases or maturases. Here, using an in vitro transcription-translation system, we show that this intronic ORF encodes a double-strand DNA endonuclease, I-Ssp6803I. I-Ssp6803I cleaves each strand of the intronless tRNA(fMet) gene adjacent to the anticodon triplet leaving 3 bp 3' extensions and has no activity at intron-exon boundaries. Using an in vitro cleavage assay and scanning deletion mutants of the intronless target site, the minimal recognition site was determined to be a partially palindromic 20 bp region encompassing the entire anticodon stem and loop of the tRNA(fMet) gene. I-Ssp6803I represents a novel intron-encoded DNA endonuclease and is the first example of a chromosomally encoded group I intron endonuclease in bacteria.