gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pore-forming proteins and adaptation of living organisms to environmental conditions (2008)

Pore-forming proteins are powerful "tools" for adaptation of living organisms to environmental conditions. A wide range of these proteins isolated from various sources, from viruses to mammals, has been used for the analysis of their role in the processes of intra- and inter-species competition, defense, attack, and signaling. Here we review a large number of pore-forming proteins from the perspective of their functions, structures, and mechanisms of membrane penetration. Various mechanisms of cell damage, executed by these proteins in the course of formation of a pore and after its passing to conducting state, have been considered: endo- and exocytosis, lysis, necrosis, apoptosis, etc. The role of pore-forming proteins in evolution is discussed. The relevance of practical application of pore formers has been shown, including application in nanotechnological constructions.
Power density and exposure time of He‐Ne laser irradiation are more important than total energy dose in photo‐biomodulation of human fibroblasts in vitro (1992)

The absorption spectrum of human fibroblast monolayers showed several absorption peaks, among them one at a wave-length of 630 nm. Cultures of these fibroblasts were subjected to He-Ne laser (632.8 nm) irradiation of various energy doses by varying power density and exposure time. On three consecutive days the cell monolayers were irradiated for periods between 0.5 and 10 min. Laser power varied from 0.55 to 5.98 mW. Both cell number and collagen type I production were determined for each irradiation condition within one experiment. Results show that laser power below 2.91 mW could enhance cell proliferation (as determined by cell counting), whereas higher laser power (5.98 mW) had no effect. Stimulatory effects were most pronounced at irradiation times between 0.5 and 2 min. Collagen type I production (as determined by an ELISA) was affected in the opposite direction to cell proliferation: when the cell proliferation was increased, collagen type I production was decreased. From these experiments it is clear that exposure time and power density determine the effects of laser irradiation. Both stimulation and inhibition of the observed cell properties can be obtained with the same laser on the same cells.
New aspects of IFN‐α/β signalling in immunity, oncogenesis and bone metabolism (2003)

Although interferons (IFNs) were originally identified as humoral factors that confer an antiviral state upon cells, they have been demonstrated to be multifunctional in a variety of biological systems. The IFN-alpha/beta system modulates not only the cellular immune response to viral and bacterial infections, but also the oncogenic process and bone metabolism. Further studies have revealed additional unique facets of the IFN-alpha/beta system. A weak signal by constitutively produced IFN-alpha/beta is critical not only for the regulation of cellular amplification of IFN-alpha/beta production upon viral infection or the enhancement of signalling by other cytokines, but also for the regulation of adaptive immune responses, such as the enhancement of CD8()+ T cell activation. Furthermore, IFN-beta signalling is critical for the regulation of the bone-resorbing osteoclasts. In this review, we focus on the newly discovered roles of the IFN-alpha/beta system in host defense and bone remodeling, particularly on the functions of the weak IFN-alpha/beta signalling in the context of what we refer to as the "revving-up" model.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Cathinone via the Microbiological Reduction of 2-Azido-1-phenyl-1-propanone (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Cathinone via the Microbiological Reduction of 2-Azido-1-phenyl-1-propanonePascale Besse, Henri Veschambre, Michael Dickman, and Robert ChenevertCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 26, 8288–8291Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00105a060RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views706Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (496 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clinical experience with risperidone and memantine in the treatment of Huntington's disease. (2006)

We described a 32-year-old woman with Huntington's disease (HD) who presented with severe chorea, psychosis and cognitive abnormalities. We started risperidone at 2 mg p.o./d and increased to 4 mg p.o./d after six weeks. Psychotic and motor symptoms were markedly improved. Since there was no change in cognitive functions, we added memantine at 5 mg p.o./d and gradually increased the dose to 20 mg p.o/d after five weeks. We continued risperidone and memantine for nearly six months. The patient did not show any progression of cognitive symptoms or motor abnormalities. We did not observe any psychotic symptoms.
Targets of Protective Tumor Immunity (2009)

The identification of antigens associated with tumor destruction is a major goal of cancer immunology. Several genetic and biochemical techniques have revealed a broad range of gene products that elicit immune recognition in cancer patients, but the biologic importance of these responses in most cases is poorly understood. While some targets are linked to tumor regressions in the context of adoptive cellular therapies or cancer vaccinations, the possible roles of immunity to most antigens in disease pathogenesis and clinical outcomes remain to be elucidated. One strategy for characterizing antigens that elicit clinically significant immune recognition involves the study of patients who achieve durable clinical benefits from immune treatments. Through this approach, we uncovered the immunogenicity of major histocompatibility chain-related protein A (MICA), which is a ligand for NKG2D, and ERp5, a protein disulfide isomerase involved in MICA shedding. Our findings suggest that components of the NKG2D pathway may be attractive targets for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.
Comparative study of some physiologically important properties of six brands of disposable hydrogel contact lenses. (1997)

In theory, it is possible to design contact lenses of approximately the same transmissibility-when starting with materials of different permeabilities-by adjusting lens thickness. This was not the case with the six brands studied here. Some brands of contact lenses had significantly higher transmissibilities than others, but all had FDA approval. The clinical significance of different contact lens transmissibilities based on different definitions of thickness is discussed.
ZnO nanobelts grown on Si substrate (2002)

Using infrared irradiation to heat an industrial brass (Cu–Zn alloy) disk in moderate vacuum, ZnO nanobelts were directly prepared on a Si substrate. The nanobelts had a single-crystal hexagonal structure and grew along the [0001] direction. The nanobelts had two distinct widths along their entire length. Photoluminescence measurement showed that the nanobelts had an intensive near-band ultraviolet emission at 379 nm. Large-area growth and high quality indicate that the prepared ZnO nanobelts have potential application in optoelectronic devices.
Prevention of veno-occlusive disease with defibrotide after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (2004)

Veno-occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver occurs in 10% to 50% of patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, ranging from mild reversible disease to severe disease, with a mortality rate almost always close to 100%. Recently, promising results in the treatment of established VOD with defibrotide were reported. Therefore, defibrotide may be used as a prophylactic regimen for hepatic VOD in stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Fifty-two successive patients who underwent transplantation between October 1999 and June 2002 received defibrotide prophylaxis intravenously from day -7 to day +20 after transplantation in addition to heparin and were compared with historical controls who underwent transplantation successively between February 1997 and September 1999. In the defibrotide group, the maximum total bilirubin levels and the number of patients with serum levels exceeding 50 micromol/L were significantly lower than in the control group (5 of 52 versus 18 of 52, respectively; P =.004). None of the 52 patients developed VOD (Baltimore criteria), and no side effects occurred. These results were significantly different (P =.001) from controls (10/52 [19%] with VOD, 3 of whom died of severe VOD). In addition, day 100 event-free survival was significantly higher in the study group (P =.02), with a trend toward better day 100 overall survival (P =.07). These results suggest that defibrotide given in addition to heparin may be an efficient prophylaxis for VOD.
Expression and Purification of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-Factor Receptor (Ste2p), a 7-Transmembrane-segment G Protein-coupled Receptor (1997)

A plasmid vector was developed that permitted high-level expression of a functional form of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor receptor (the STE2 gene product) tagged at its C-terminal end with an epitope (FLAG) and a His6 tract. When expressed in yeast from this plasmid, Ste2p was produced at a level at least 3-fold higher than that reported previously for any other 7-transmembrane-segment receptor expressed in the same cells. For purification, isolated cell membranes containing the overexpressed receptor were solubilized with detergent under specific conditions and subjected to immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Yields as high as 1 mg of nearly homogeneous (95%) receptor were routinely obtained even from relatively small scale preparations (60 g of frozen cell paste). The purified receptor was reconstituted into artificial phospholipid vesicles. Radioligand binding studies demonstrated that the purified receptor, in the reconstituted vesicles, bound its tridecapeptide ligand (alpha-factor) with a KD (155 nM) consistent with the affinity expected for this receptor in the absence of its associated G protein. Efficient restoration of ligand binding activity upon reconstitution required the addition of solubilized membranes prepared from a yeast strain lacking the receptor. Sufficient amounts of active material can be obtained by this procedure to allow physical studies of this receptor and other 7-transmembrane-segment receptors expressed in this system.
Dietary Restriction in Mice Beginning at 1 Year of Age: Effect on Life-Span and Spontaneous Cancer Incidence (1982)

Lifelong dietary restriction beginning at 3 to 6 weeks of age in rodents is known to decelerate the rate of aging, increase mean and maximum life-spans, and inhibit the occurrence of many spontaneous cancers. Little is known about the effects of dietary restriction started in middle age. In the experiments now reported the food intake of 12- to 13-month-old mice of two long-lived strains was restricted by using nutrient-enriched diets in accordance with the concept of "undernutrition without malnutrition." The mice on the restricted diet averaged 10 to 20 percent increases in mean and maximum survival times compared to the control mice. Spontaneous lymphoma was inhibited by the food restriction.
Anesthetic and Hemodynamic Effects of the Alpha2-adrenergic Agonist, Azepexole, in Isoflurane-anesthetized Dogs (1988)

The authors studied the reduction in anesthetic requirement (MAC) and the hemodynamic effects of the highly selective alpha 2-adrenergic agonist azepexole in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Eleven male beagles were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen. After a 2-h equilibration period, they determined isoflurane MAC and baseline hemodynamic function. Azepexole (at 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg) was administered via a right atrial port over 15 min, while each dog was given isoflurane at the MAC dose for that animal. Twenty minutes after the end of infusion, at a time when hemodynamic variables were stable, they reassessed hemodynamic function. They then determined isoflurane MAC again. In other experiments, dogs were pretreated with either idazoxan (the alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist; n = 5) or naloxone (the opiate antagonist; n = 7) prior to the administration of azepexole. Isoflurane MAC was determined before and after each dose of azepexole. Isoflurane MAC decreased as the dose of azepexole increased, to the extent that at the highest dose (1 mg/kg) the decrement in MAC was more than 85%. This reduction of MAC caused by azepexole could be completely prevented by pretreatment with idazoxan, while naloxone was without effect. Azepexole did not change mean arterial blood pressure, but caused heart rate and cardiac output to progressively decrease. The MAC-reducing effect of azepexole appears to be mediated by alpha 2 adrenoreceptors. Given the extent of the reduction of MAC, it is unlikely that inhibition of central noradrenergic neurotransmission through agonism of presynaptic alpha 2 adrenoreceptors is the sole explanation, since complete disruption of central noradrenergic tracts decreases MAC by only 40%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intramuscular administration of vascular endothelial growth factor induces dose-dependent collateral artery augmentation in a rabbit model of chronic limb ischemia. (1994)

These findings demonstrate a significant dose-dependent augmentation in limb perfusion accompanied by evidence of increased collateral formation after intramuscular administration of VEGF in ischemic rabbit hindlimbs. This study thus supports the hypothesis that administration of VEGF to stimulate angiogenesis may represent a new therapeutic modality in the management of arterial insufficiency.
O-phthalaldehyde: fluorogenic detection of primary amines in the picomole range. Comparison with fluorescamine and ninhydrin. (1975)

O-Phthalaldehyde, in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, reacts with primary amines to form highly fluorescent products. Picomole quantities of amino acids, peptides, and proteins can be detected easily. o-Phthalaldehyde is five to ten times more sensitive than fluorescamine and is soluble and stable in aqueous buffers.
Stereospecific Synthesis and Characterization of Aminoglycoside Ligands from Diethylenetriamine (1999)

A convenient synthetic route to diglycosylamines derived from diethylenetriamine and d-glucose, d-galactose, d-allose, or l-fucose is presented where the stereochemically pure product is easily isolated and crystallized as a hydrochloride salt. The diglucosyl diethylenetriamine analogue is characterized by X-ray crystallography, and the chloride ion is shown to stabilize the compound in the crystalline state. These ligands provide simple and efficient routes to various diastereomeric metal N-glycoside coordination complexes that are currently being studied by mass spectrometry.
UWB technology for wireless video networking (2002)

The proliferation of consumer electronic devices that provide streams of video, such as digital-video disk (DVD) players, high-definition television (HDTV) sets, digital cameras, and digital camcorders, has given rise to significant interest in broadband home entertainment networks. Wireless home networks are particularly attractive because of ease of installation or relocation. However, many existing wireless networks do not satisfy the demands of the home-networking environment, nor do they provide the necessary performance to support multiple audio-video streams. This paper describes the characteristics and the advantages of ultra-wideband (UWB) radio technology when combined with a decentralized, priority-driven network architecture for wireless video networking in the home.
Socio-Theoretic Accounts of IS: The Problem of Agency (2005)

A long-standing debate in the IS literature concerns the relationship between technology and organization. Does technology cause effects in organizations, or is it humans that determine how technology is used? Many socio-theoretic accounts of a middle way between the extremes of technological and social determinism have been suggested: in recent years the more convincing explanations have been based on Giddensâ structuration theory and, more recently, on actor network theory. The two theories, however, may be seen to adopt rather different, and potentially incompatible, views of agency. Thus, structuration theory sees agency as a uniquely human property, whereas the principle of general symmetry in actor network theory implies that machines may also be actors. This rather fundamental disagreement may be characterized as the problem of agency. At the empirical level the problem of agency can be studied through ERP systems. These systems, though built and implemented by people, are thought to be wide-ranging in their effects on organizations, and offer good opportunities for the study of the interplay of human and machine agency. However these empirical stories also reflect the theoretical confusion. This paper argues that neither structuration theory nor actor network theory offers a particularly convincing account of the interaction of humans and machines, and that their different accounts of agency make them hard to integrate in any meaningful way. Comparing the two theories and their use in IS raises many important issues, questions and problems, which need to be solved if the IS discipline is to develop a consistent socio-theoretical vocabulary.
A Somatostatin Analogue is Protective Against Retrograde Bile Salt-Induced Pancreatitis in the Rat (1991)

Despite the proposal that somatostatin or its stable analogue, octreotide (SMS-201,995), may exert an ameliorating effect on acute pancreatitis, data concerning its beneficial effect in this situation are conflicting. This study examines the effects of octreotide on acute pancreatitis, resulting from the retrograde injection of a bile salt (taurocholate) plus saturating trypsin into the common bile-pancreatic duct of the rat. Octreotide given before the induction of pancreatitis significantly reduced the levels of serum amylase and lipase, ascites amylase concentration, degree of leukocyte infiltration, and focal areas of pancreatic tissue necrosis. In contrast, administration of octreotide as soon as 5 min following induction had no demonstrable ameliorating effects on the pancreatitis. These results indicate that octreotide may have application to prophylaxis of acute pancreatitis in cases where bile salts may play a role in pathogenesis, but may not be beneficial in established acute pancreatitis.
Integrins: Signaling, disease, and therapy (2007)

In this review, we briefly explain how integrins can affect the multitude of signal transduction cascades in control of survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Subsequently, we primarily focus on targeting integrins alpha5beta1 and alphanubeta3 in disease and we discuss how antagonists of these integrins, including disintegrins, RGD peptides, small molecules, and function blocking antibodies, may be of therapeutical value either alone or, especially in the treatment of cancer, in combination with existing therapeutical strategies.
IRDL Cloning: A One-Tube, Zero-Background, Easy-to-Use, Directional Cloning Method Improves Throughput in Recombinant DNA Preparation (2014)

Rapid and efficient construction of expression vectors and subsequent transformation are basic recombinant methods for the investigation of gene functionality. Although novel cloning methods have recently been developed, many laboratories worldwide continue to use traditional restriction digestion-ligation methods to construct expression vectors owing to financial constraints and the unavailability of appropriate vectors. We describe an improved restriction digestion-ligation (IRDL) cloning method that combines the advantage of directional cloning from double digestion-ligation with that of a low background observed by using a positive selection marker gene ccdB to facilitate digestion and ligation in a single tube. The IRDL cloning overcomes the time-consuming and laborious limits of traditional methods, thereby providing an easy-to-use, low-cost, and one-step strategy for directional cloning of target DNA fragments into an expression vector. As a proof-of-concept example, we developed two yeast vectors to demonstrate the feasibility and the flexibility of the IRDL cloning method. This method would provide an effective and easy-to-use system for gene cloning and functional genomics studies.
Characterization of spectral FRET imaging microscopy for monitoring nuclear protein interactions (2007)

The spectral processed Förster resonance energy transfer (psFRET) imaging method provides an effective and fast method for measuring protein-protein interactions in living specimens. The commercially available linear unmixing algorithms efficiently remove the contribution of donor spectral bleedthrough to the FRET signal. However, the acceptor contribution to spectral bleedthrough in the FRET image cannot be similarly removed, since the acceptor spectrum is identical to the FRET spectrum. Here, we describe the development of a computer algorithm that measures and removes the contaminating ASBT signal in the sFRET image. The new method is characterized in living cells that expressed FRET standards in which the donor and acceptor fluorescent proteins are tethered by amino acid linkers of specific lengths. The method is then used to detect the homo-dimerization of a transcription factor in the nucleus of living cells, and then to measure the interactions of that protein with a second transcription factor.
Adjuvants and Immune Enhancement (1994)

Adjuvants increase cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to specific antigens. Used with recombinant viral antigens, they can elicit the production of T lymphocytes that lyse target cells, expressing the antigen in a genetically restricted fashion. Adjuvants can augment the production of interferon-gamma, thereby favoring the production of protective antibody isotopes, such as immunoglobulin G2a in the mouse. Modern adjuvants display the efficacy of Freund's complete adjuvant without its side effects. One such adjuvant is Syntex adjuvant formulation, a synthetic analogue of muramyl dipeptide in a microfluidized squalane/squalene-in-water emulsion. Monophosphoryl lipid A in a similar lipid emulsion is also effective. Immune-stimulating complexes of saponin and antigens elicit potent cell-mediated and humoral responses. A purified saponin component has adjuvant activity with reduced side effects; liposomes also can have adjuvant activity. Administering antigens in adjuvants can overcome low responsiveness in very young and old experimental animals and in those that are genetically low responders. Adjuvants are likely components of a new generation of recombinant and subunit vaccines.