gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Updated preparedness and response framework for influenza pandemics. (2014)

The complexities of planning for and responding to the emergence of novel influenza viruses emphasize the need for systematic frameworks to describe the progression of the event; weigh the risk of emergence and potential public health impact; evaluate transmissibility, antiviral resistance, and severity; and make decisions about interventions. On the basis of experience from recent influenza responses, CDC has updated its framework to describe influenza pandemic progression using six intervals (two prepandemic and four pandemic intervals) and eight domains. This updated framework can be used for influenza pandemic planning and serves as recommendations for risk assessment, decision-making, and action in the United States. The updated framework replaces the U.S. federal government stages from the 2006 implementation plan for the National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza (US Homeland Security Council. National strategy for pandemic influenza: implementation plan. Washington, DC: US Homeland Security Council; 2006. Available at http://www.flu.gov/planning-preparedness/federal/pandemic-influenza-implementation.pdf). The six intervals of the updated framework are as follows: 1) investigation of cases of novel influenza, 2) recognition of increased potential for ongoing transmission, 3) initiation of a pandemic wave, 4) acceleration of a pandemic wave, 5) deceleration of a pandemic wave, and 6) preparation for future pandemic waves. The following eight domains are used to organize response efforts within each interval: incident management, surveillance and epidemiology, laboratory, community mitigation, medical care and countermeasures, vaccine, risk communications, and state/local coordination. Compared with the previous U.S. government stages, this updated framework provides greater detail and clarity regarding the potential timing of key decisions and actions aimed at slowing the spread and mitigating the impact of an emerging pandemic. Use of this updated framework is anticipated to improve pandemic preparedness and response in the United States. Activities and decisions during a response are event-specific. These intervals serve as a reference for public health decision-making by federal, state, and local health authorities in the United States during an influenza pandemic and are not meant to be prescriptive or comprehensive. This framework incorporates information from newly developed tools for pandemic planning and response, including the Influenza Risk Assessment Tool and the Pandemic Severity Assessment Framework, and has been aligned with the pandemic phases restructured in 2013 by the World Health Organization.
Twelve-Month Use of Mental Health Services in the United States (2005)

Most people with mental disorders in the United States remain either untreated or poorly treated. Interventions are needed to enhance treatment initiation and quality.
Promoter methylation of cancer-related genes in gastric carcinoma. (2008)

The data obtained indicate that changes in DNA methylation may contribute to gastric carcinogenesis.
Noninvasive Estimation of the Rate of Relaxation by the Analysis of Intraventricular Pressure Gradients (2011)

The Doppler-derived REIVPD provides a sensitive, reliable, reproducible, and relatively load-independent index of the rate of LV relaxation. Combined with tissue Doppler measurements of longitudinal function, this method improves noninvasive assessment of LV relaxation in the clinical setting.
A survey of indoor positioning systems for wireless personal networks (2009)

Recently, indoor positioning systems (IPSs) have been designed to provide location information of persons and devices. The position information enables location-based protocols for user applications. Personal networks (PNs) are designed to meet the users' needs and interconnect users' devices equipped with different communications technologies in various places to form one network. Location-aware services need to be developed in PNs to offer flexible and adaptive personal services and improve the quality of lives. This paper gives a comprehensive survey of numerous IPSs, which include both commercial products and research-oriented solutions. Evaluation criteria are proposed for assessing these systems, namely security and privacy, cost, performance, robustness, complexity, user preferences, commercial availability, and limitations.We compare the existing IPSs and outline the trade-offs among these systems from the viewpoint of a user in a PN.
Intestinal absorption of PLAGA microspheres in the rat. (1996)

Rhodamine B-labelled poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLAGA) microspheres of 2 different sizes, 1-5 microns and 5-10 microns, were administered as a single dose (1.44 x 10(9) and 1.83 x 10(8) particles, respectively) into the ileal lumen of adult rats. The content of rhodamine in the mesenteric vein and ileal lumen was analysed periodically from 10 min to 48 h as well as the distribution of microspheres in the intestinal mucosa and various other tissues. The concentration of rhodamine decreased progressively in the intestinal lumen and was negligible after 24 h. The number of microspheres in the mesenteric vein increased rapidly and reached a maximum after 4 h whatever the size of the particles. It then decreased progressively, but more rapidly with microspheres > 5 microns than with microspheres < 5 microns. The absorption efficiency was low for the former batch (about 0.11% of the administered dose) and higher for the latter (about 12.7%). The intraileal administration of free rhodamine B was followed by intense labelling of the epithelial cells and basement membranes in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, kidney and liver. PLAGA microspheres mainly crossed the intestinal mucosa at the site of Peyer's patches where microspheres of < 5 microns appeared after 3 h. Microspheres > 5 microns were retained in the ileal lumen. A few small microspheres were occasionally observed in the epithelial cells. Only the smallest particles were recovered in the liver, lymph nodes and spleen while basement membranes were always labelled. It is concluded that PLAGA microspheres could be useful for the oral delivery of antigens if their size is between 1 and 5 microns.
Comparative study of actinic keratosis treatment with 3% diclofenac sodium and 5% 5-fluorouracil (2013)

We concluded that 5-Fluorouracil was more effective; however, it showed lower tolerability than diclofenac sodium.
Using Hyperbolic Cross Approximation to measure and compensate Covariate Shift (2013)

The concept of covariate shift in supervised data analysis describes a difference between the training and test distribution while the conditional distribution remains the same. To improve the prediction performance one can address such a change by using individual weights for each training datapoint, which emphasizes the training points close to the test data set so that these get a higher significance. We propose a new method for calculating such weights by minimizing a Fourier series approximation of distance measures, in partic-ular we consider the total variation distance, the Euclidean distance and Kullback-Leibler divergence. To be able to use the Fourier approach for higher dimensional data, we employ the so-called hyperbolic cross approximation. Results show that the new approach can compete with the latest methods and that on real life data an improved performance can be obtained.
Supernova 2004dj in NGC 2403 (2004)

IAUC 8399 available at Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams.
Molecular cloning of viral DNA from human genital warts (1981)

The DNA of human papilloma virus type 6 (HPV 6) has been cloned in Escherichia coli K-12 by using pBR322 as vector. The DNA was cloned at the BamHI and EcoRI cleavage sites. This DNA was mapped by employing further restriction endonucleases and by terminal labeling. No major differences were noted as compared to HPV 6 DNA originating directly from a genital wart. The existence of at least two DNA subtypes (HPV 6a and 6b) became apparent.
Demonstration of immunogenicity with the poorly immunogenic B16 melanoma. (1983)

Animal tumors of spontaneous origin have consistently been found to be less immunogenic than are tumors induced by chemical carcinogens or oncogenic viruses. Spontaneous tumors rarely demonstrate significant immunogenicity in classical transplantation rejection tests. This study demonstrates a novel approach to the question of tumor immunogenicity using viable tumor cells in diffusion chambers. Classical transplantation rejection was induced to the poorly immunogenic, spontaneous B16 murine melanoma by implantation of diffusion chambers containing viable B16 melanoma tumor cells. Implantation of B16 chambers i.p. for at least 4 weeks induced specific, long-term resistance to subsequent live B16 tumor cell challenge. In contrast, immunization with irradiated tumor cells for the same time interval resulted in a delay of tumor growth but had no effect on survival. These studies demonstrate the possibility that a significant anti-tumor immune response against the B16 melanoma may be induced without the presence and negative regulatory influences of a progressively growing B16 tumor. In addition, the diffusion chamber sensitization technique may detect the antigenicity of some tumors which are not detectable by classical transplantation rejection tests. Thus, the diffusion chamber technique provides another avenue for testing the immunogenicity of tumors, especially those of spontaneous origin.
Spin-Lattice Relaxation of Shallow Donor States in Ge and Si through a Direct Phonon Process (1960)

The many-valley character of the conduction band edge of germanium and silicon causes an anisotropy of the $g$ shift and of the deformation potential for the conduction electrons. It is shown that the combination of these two effects provides a mechanism for spin-lattice relaxations of the donor spins in germanium and silicon that yields $\frac{1}{{T}_{s}}$ proportional to the temperature $T$ and to the fourth power of the static magnetic field $H$. Using known data about the deformation potential constant, the $g$ shift, the energy of the intervalley splitting, and the elastic constants, the magnitude of ${T}_{s}$ is found to be approximately 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ sec for phosphorus donors in germanium, and 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$ sec for phosphorus donors in silicon. These values refer to $T=1.25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K, $H=3000$ gauss, with the field applied along the [111] axis. Our mechanism fails to give a finite ${T}_{s}$ for donors in silicon, when the field is applied along the [100] axis.
Characterization of T cell responses to purified leishmania antigens in subjects infected with Leishmania chagasi. (1994)

T cell responses to lipophosphoglycan-associated protein (LPG-AP) and the rgp63 antigens were studied in subjects with either asymptomatic L. chagasi infection or cured visceral leishmaniasis. The [3H]-thymidine uptake of lymphocytes stimulated with LPG-AP and rgp63 (mean +/- SD) was 14275 +/- 5048 and 3523 +/- 1678 cpm, respectively, for subjects with asymptomatic L. chagasi infection and 20046 +/- 5102 and 5086 +/- 3500 cpm, respectively, for subjects cured of visceral leishmaniasis. The responses to LPG-AP in both asymptomatic and cured visceral leishmaniasis were higher (P < 0.01) than those observed with rpg63. LPG-AP induced IFN-gamma production in all subjects studied, while rgp63 did not induce lymphocyte proliferation or IFN-gamma production in the majority of the subjects tested. IFN-gamma levels in cultures stimulated with LPG-AP were 103 +/- 81 pg/ml in individuals with asymptomatic L. chagasi infection and 127 +/- 123 pg/ml in subjects cured of visceral leishmaniasis. IFN-gamma levels in cultures stimulated with LPG-AP from subjects with asymptomatic L. chagasi infection were comparable to those observed in subjects cured of visceral leishmaniasis (P > 0.05). These data indicate that LPG-AP is recognized and induces T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production in subjects with protective immune response against Leishmania chagasi.
AAV-Mediated Liver-Directed Gene Therapy (2011)

The liver is directly or indirectly involved in many essential processes and is affected by numerous inherited diseases. Therefore, many inherited diseases could be effectively treated by targeting the liver using gene transfer approaches. The challenges associated with liver-directed gene therapy are efficient targeting of hepatocytes, stability of the vector genome, and persistent high level expression. Many of these obstacles can be overcome with adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene transfer vectors. The first AAV gene transfer -vector developed for in vivo use was based on the AAV2 serotype. AAV2 has a broad tropism and transduces many cell types, including hepatocytes, relatively efficiently in vivo. The capsid protein confers the serological profile and at least 12 primate AAV serotypes have already been characterized. Importantly, pseudotyping a recombinant AAV vector with different capsid proteins can dramatically alter the tropism. Both AAV8 and AAV9 have higher affinities for hepatocytes when compared to AAV2. In particular, AAV8 can transduce three- to fourfold more hepatocytes and deliver three- to fourfold more genomes per transduced cell when compared to AAV2. Depending on the dose, AAV8 can transduce up to 90-95% of hepatocytes in the mouse liver following intraportal vein injection. Interestingly, comparable levels of transduction can be achieved following intravenous injection. Direct intraparenchymal injection of an AAV vector also mediates relatively high level long term expression. Additional specificity can be conferred by using liver-specific promoters in conjunction with AAV8 capsid proteins. In addition to treating primary hepatocyte defects, immune reactions to transgene products can be minimized by circumventing the fixed tissue macrophages of the liver, Kupffer cells, and limiting expression to hepatocytes. The ability to target hepatocytes by virtue of the AAV serotype and the use of liver-specific promoters allows investigators to test novel therapeutic approaches and answer basic clinical and biological questions.
Identification of an endothelial cell cofactor for thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C. (1981)

Perfusion of the myocardium with protein C in the presence of thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5) elicits a potent anticoagulant activity, which is identified as activated protein C on the basis of synthetic substrate hydrolysis and anticoagulant properties. The rate of activated protein C formation during the transit through the myocardium is at least 20,000 times that of thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C in the perfusion solution. The capacity of the heart to activate protein C is maintained for at least 1 hr when thrombin is present in the perfusate, but decays (half-life approximately 30 min) once thrombin is omitted. Addition of diisopropyl-phospho-thrombin increases this decay rate more than 10-fold. Coperfusing diisopropylphospho-thrombin with active thrombin lowers the amount of protein C activation in the myocardium. Cultured monolayers of human endothelium enhance the rate of thrombin-catalyzed protein C activation. As with myocardium, the activation rate is inhibited by including diisopropylphospho-thrombin in the medium. It is proposed that the surface of vascular endothelium provides a cofactor that enhances the rate of protein C activation by thrombin.
Regulation of Cellular Signal Transduction Pathways by the Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor (2009)

The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a class III G-protein coupled receptor that coordinates cellular responses to changes in extracellular free Ca(2+) or amino acid concentrations as well as ionic strength and pH. It regulates signalling cascades via recruiting and controlling the activities of various heterotrimeric G-proteins, including G(q/11), G(i/0), and G(12/13), even G(s) in some "unusual" circumstances, thereby inducing changes in the metabolism of membrane lipids, the phosphorylation state of protein kinases and their targets, the activation state of monomeric G-proteins and the levels of intracellular second messengers including cAMP, Ca(2+) ions, fatty acids and other small molecules. According to its site(s) of expression and available signalling pathways, the CaR modulates cell proliferation and survival, differentiation, peptide hormone secretion, ion and water transport and various other processes. In this article we consider the complex intracellular mechanisms by which the CaR elicits its cellular functions. We also consider some of the better understood CaR-regulated cell functions and the nature of the signalling mechanisms that support them.
Performance management issues in ATM networks: traffic and congestion control (1996)

The goal is first to introduce performance monitoring aspects of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks and then to focus on traffic and congestion control schemes. To deal with this performance monitoring management, a framework for defining a generic intelligent and integrated model for network management is described. As an example of the efficiency of this intelligent management architecture, we measure the performance of a new congestion control scheme. This scheme uses the cell loss priority (CLP) bit, the explicit forward congestion indicator and the explicit backward congestion indicator. The intelligent management uses different parameters and builds a complex but efficient control scheme. We show that this new control scheme allows performance to be increased by an order of magnitude.
Accurate characterization of the tyrosine hydroxylase forensic allele 9.3 through development of electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (1999)

Accurate and precise determination of the number of repeats from a short tandem repeat (STR) sequence for a human gene locus is demonstrated for the first time by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS). Specifically, the polymorphic human tyrosine hydroxylase (HUMTHO1) gene, a tetranucleotide STR forensic allele, was chosen as a model system to evaluate our approach for future characterization of both STRs and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) by development of an ESI-FTICR-MS approach. The coding and noncoding strands from the HUMTHO1 9.3 allele are simultaneously resolved obtaining accurate (better than 70 ppm) average mass measurements of 25,783.23 and 24,754.55 Da for the coding and noncoding strands, respectively. The mass measurements are used to calculate the number of repeats for each strand, 'n', of 9.75169 and 9.75001 for the coding and noncoding strands, respectively. It will be shown how the value of 'n' can be used to directly determine the number of pure repeats and accurately determine the exact nature of the polymorphism within the repeat (if any). The single nucleotide deletion in the coding strand (adenine) and noncoding strand (thymine) were accurately identified using this approach. Interestingly, we observed the conversion of single-stranded to double-stranded DNA while the PCR product in the ESI buffer was being infused; the issues related to this observation will be presented. Previous results by other researchers investigating the HUMTHO1 9.3 allele using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) are directly compared with our results. Our results indicate that ESI-FTICR-MS is a powerful approach to rapidly and accurately characterize tandem repeating sequences which will ultimately lead towards the understanding of a complex class of diseases and in human identity determination.
A INFLUÊNCIA DO PROJETO NA EXECUÇÃO, OPERAÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DE EDIFICAÇÕES (2020)

A execucao de um empreendimento se inicia na concepcao de uma ideia que da origem a um projeto arquitetonico e seus complementares. Grande parte dos contratempos que ocorrem nos canteiros de obra sao relacionados a qualidade do projeto e sua compatibilizacao. Atualmente a construcao civil possui diversas ferramentas de coordenacao, planejamento e acompanhamento, que auxiliam todo o percurso do conceito a inauguracao.Observa-se que o ponto mais importante para o sucesso de uma obra e, sem duvidas, a qualidade de seu projeto, que em geral nao e valorizado durante o percurso e consequentemente causa grandes impactos na construcao. Esse trabalho apresentara a importância de um projeto bem desenvolvido e bem compatibilizado e como o mesmo pode contribuir para a execucao do empreendimento.O estudo de caso sera o projeto de um Shopping Center. Serao mostradas todas as etapas do processo, desde a escolha dos conceitos de projeto, passando por sua compatibilizacao e os impactos que tais falhas podem provocar durante a obra.
Context-aware Recommendation of Visualization Components (2012)

Although many valuable visualizations have been developed to gain insights from large data sets, selecting an appropriate visualization for a specific data set and goal remains challenging for non-experts. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for knowledge-assisted, context-aware visualization recommendation. Both semantic web data and visualization components are annotated with formalized visualization knowledge from an ontology. We present a recommendation algorithm that leverages those annotations to provide visualization components that support the users’ data and task. We successfully proved the practicability of our approach by integrating it into two research prototypes. Keywords-recommendation, visualization, ontology, mashup
Metabolic aspects of programmed cell survival and cell death in the heart (2000)

Normal cardiac function requires a tight interaction between metabolism, contractile function and gene expression. The main perturbation challenging this equilibrium in vivo is ischemia, which alters energy flux through the control of key enzymes. The review highlights metabolic imprints and energetic aspects of programmed cell survival, programmed cell death, and of necrosis. When sustained and severe, ischemia leads to a total collapse of energy transfer, to the accumulation of metabolic endproducts, and to the development of myocardial necrosis. When moderate, ischemia results in a coordinated cellular response including enhanced anaerobic glucose metabolism, a modification of cardiac gene expression, and the development of specific mechanisms for programmed cell survival (preconditioning, stunning, hibernation). Repetitive stress results in a decrease of contractile function, a downregulation of gene expression and an impairment of energy transfer, which eventually cause the heart to fail. When the failing heart becomes energy-depleted, the programs of cell survival are no longer operational and programmed cell death ensues. To define the point of departure from programmed cell survival to cell death remains a major challenge.