gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acromegaly pathogenesis and treatment (2009)

Dysregulated growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion is usually caused by a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma and leads to acromegaly - a disorder of disproportionate skeletal, tissue, and organ growth. High GH and IGF1 levels lead to comorbidities including arthritis, facial changes, prognathism, and glucose intolerance. If the condition is untreated, enhanced mortality due to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and pulmonary dysfunction is associated with a 30% decrease in life span. This Review discusses acromegaly pathogenesis and management options. The latter include surgery, radiation, and use of novel medications. Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) ligands inhibit GH release, control tumor growth, and attenuate peripheral GH action, while GH receptor antagonists block GH action and effectively lower IGF1 levels. Novel peptides, including SSTR ligands, exhibiting polyreceptor subtype affinities and chimeric dopaminergic-somatostatinergic properties are currently in clinical trials. Effective control of GH and IGF1 hypersecretion and ablation or stabilization of the pituitary tumor mass lead to improved comorbidities and lowering of mortality rates for this hormonal disorder.
The effects of nutritional restriction on neutral lipid accumulation in Chlamydomonas and Chlorella (2011)

Under nutrient starvation conditions, many microalgae are known to accumulate triacylglycerols (TAG) that can be used for biodiesel production. However, few studies have been performed to analyze the effect of deficiency in nutrient elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, iron, magnesium and calcium on oil production, particularly in Chlamydomonas and Chlorella. In this study, we investigated lipid content of Chlamydomonas reinhaditti CC124 and Chlorella vulgaris Y-019 grown in TAP, HSM, BG11, SE lacking optimal concentrations of these elements. Our results showed that, in high carbon HSM and TAP media, N and S starvation led to significant increase in cellular lipid content in both microalgae species. In addition, C. reinhaditti grown in TAP media without P, Fe, K, Ca or Mg or in HSM media without K, Ca or Mg also accumulated detectably higher neutral lipids. In contrast, in C. vulgaris, such accumulation was observed only in Mg-free and Fe-free HSM media. In low carbon SE and BG11 media, N starvation resulted in a moderate increase in the lipids content both in C. reinhaditti and C. vulgaris. On the other hand, P, S, K, Ca or Mg deficiency promoted neutral lipids accumulation in C. vulgaris. Finally, we analyzed and discussed the relationships among cell growth rate, lipid accumulation and nitrogen concentrations in C. reinhaditti.

	 

	Key words: Nutrient limitation, lipid accumulation, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, iron, magnesium, calcium.
[Recombinant lentivirus-mediated gene transfer of NT4-p53(N15)-Ant inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro]. (2010)

The recombinant lentivirus vector encoding gene NT4-p53(N15)-Ant is successfully constructed in this experiment by molecular cloning and recombination in vitro techniques, and the results suggested that this fusion gene has an anti-tumor effect, which provides the basis for further research on recombinant adenovirus for cancer gene therapy.
The Simultaneous Generation of Superoxide and Nitric Oxide Can Initiate Lipid Peroxidation in Human Low Density Lipoprotein (1992)

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been shown to occur in the artery wall of atherosclerotic lesions in both animal models and human arteries. The oxidant(s) responsible for initiating this process are under intensive investigation and 15-lipoxygenase has been suggested in this context. Another possibility is that nitric oxide and superoxide, generated by cells present in the artery wall, react together to form peroxynitrite which decomposes to form the highly reactive hydroxyl radical. In the present study we have modelled the simultaneous generation of superoxide and nitric oxide by using the sydnonimine, SIN-1 and have investigated its effects on LDL. SIN-1 liberates both superoxide and nitric oxide during autooxidation resulting in the formation of hydroxyl radicals. We have demonstrated that superoxide generated by SIN-1 is not available to take part in a dismutation reaction since it reacts preferentially with nitric oxide. It follows, therefore, that during the autooxidation of SIN-1 little or no superoxide, or perhydroxyl radical will be available to initiate lipid peroxidation. We have shown that SIN-1 is capable of initiating the peroxidation of LDL and also converts the lipoprotein to a more negatively charged form. The SIN-1-dependent peroxidation of LDL is completely inhibited by superoxide dismutase which scavenges superoxide. Neither sodium nitroprusside or S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine, which only produce nitric oxide, are able to modify LDL. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a product of superoxide and nitric oxide could oxidize lipoproteins in the artery wall and so contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in vivo.
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (2007)

In the past 36 months, new developments have occurred both in the understanding of the biology of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) and in therapeutic options for WM. Here, we review the classification, clinical features, and diagnostic criteria of the disease. WM is a B-cell neoplasm characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the bone marrow and a monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) protein. The symptoms of WM are attributable to the extent of tumor infiltration and to elevated IgM levels. The most common symptom is fatigue attributable to anemia. The prognostic factors predictive of survival include the patient's age, beta(2)-microglobulin level, monoclonal protein level, hemoglobin concentration, and platelet count. Therapy is postponed for asymptomatic patients, and progressive anemia is the most common indication for initiation of treatment. The main therapeutic options include alkylating agents, nucleoside analogues, and rituximab. Studies involving combination chemotherapy are ongoing, and preliminary results are encouraging. No specific agent or regimen has been shown to be superior to another for treatment of WM. Novel agents such as bortezomib, perifosine, atacicept, oblimersen sodium, and tositumomab show promise as rational targeted therapy for WM.
Wide-color-gamut monitors: LED-backlighting LCD and new phosphor CRT (2004)

The authors have developed two types of wide color gamut monitor and compared their characteristics. This paper provides an introduction to the color reproduction and standard color space of displays as well as an interpretation of the two types of typical wide color gamut displays that are currently under development. The CRT displays with a wide color gamut are rich in gray levels and viewing angle characteristics while the LCD displays with a LED backlight style have high brightness performance and a broad color gamut. Both types of display support the color gamut of Adobe RGB, enabling compatibility with the extended color space, now beginning to be disseminated, and they also provide a breakthrough for industries that need color management.
Real-Time Monitoring of Exhaled Volatiles Using Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization on A Compact Mass Spectrometer (2016)

Breath volatiles were readily analyzed on a portable mass spectrometer through a simple inlet modification. Induced changes in exhaled profiles were detectable with high sensitivity and measurable in real-time.
Structure function analysis of vitamin D analogs with C-ring modifications. (1992)

Analogs of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3) with substitutions on C-11 were synthesized. Small apolar substitutions (11 alpha-methyl, 11 alpha-fluoromethyl) did not markedly decrease the affinity for the vitamin D receptor, but larger (11 alpha-chloromethyl or 11 alpha- or 11 beta-phenyl) or more polar substitutions (11 alpha-hydroxymethyl, 11 alpha-(2-hydroxyethyl] decreased the affinity to less than 5% of that of 1 alpha,25-OH)2D3. Their affinity for the vitamin D-binding protein, however, increased up to 4-fold. The biological activity of 11 alpha-methyl-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 closely resembled that of the natural hormone on normal and leukemic cell proliferation and bone resorption, whereas its in vivo effect on calcium metabolism of the rachitic chick was about 50% of that of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3. The 11 beta-methyl analog had a greater than 10-fold lower activity. The differentiating effects of the other C-11 analogs on human promyeloid leukemia cells (HL-60) agreed well with their bone-resorbing activity and receptor affinity, but they demonstrated lower calcemic effects in vivo. Large or polar substitutions on C-11 of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 thus impair the binding of the vitamin D receptor but increase the affinity to vitamin D-binding protein. The effects of many C-11-substituted 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 analogs on HL-60 cell differentiation exceeded their activity on calcium metabolism.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Spatial Entanglement in Ordered and Anderson Photonic Lattices (2013)

We demonstrate quantum walks of a photon pair in a spatially extended Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen state coupled into an on-chip multiport photonic lattice. By varying the degree of entanglement we observe Anderson localization for pairs in a separable state and Anderson colocalization for pairs in an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state. In the former case, each photon localizes independently, while in the latter neither photon localizes, but the pair colocalizes--revealing unexpected survival of the spatial correlations through strong disorder.
Synthesis of a Carba‐analog of S‐Acetyl CoA,Acetonyldethio CoA.Synthesis of a Carba‐analog of S‐Acetyl Coenzyme A,Acetonyl‐dethio Coenzyme A; an Effective Inhibitor of Citrate Synthase (1978)

Abstract Acetonyldethio coenzyme A ( 1 ) together with its 2′‐phospho isomer 10 was obtained by the following reaction sequence: coupling of the glycol ketal 4 of 5‐amino‐2‐pentanone with N ‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐β‐alanine, fusion of the deblocked aletheine analog 5 with the lactone of D‐2,4‐dihydroxy‐3,3‐dimethylbutyric acid to yield the pantetheine analog 6 , which was phosphorylated at the 4′‐hydroxy group to form 7 , and then condensation with adenosine 2′,3′‐cyclic phosphate 5′‐phosphoric morpholide. The isomeric mixture exhibited strong competitive inhibition of citrate synthase ( S ‐acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate), K i being 13.2 μmol/l.
Cross‐domain authorization for federated virtual organizations using the myVocs collaboration environment (2008)

Abstract This paper describes our experiences building and working with the reference implementation of myVocs (my Virtual Organization Collaboration System). myVocs provides a flexible environment for exploring new approaches to security, application development, and access control built from Internet services without a central identity repository. The myVocs framework enables virtual organization (VO) self‐management across unrelated security domains for multiple, unrelated VOs. By leveraging the emerging distributed identity management infrastructure. myVocs provides an accessible, secure collaborative environment using standards for federated identity management and open‐source software developed through the National Science Foundation Middleware Initiative. The Shibboleth software, an early implementation of the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards Security Assertion Markup Language standard for browser single sign‐on, provides the middleware needed to assert identity and attributes across domains so that access control decisions can be determined at each resource based on local policy. The eduPerson object class for lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) provides standardized naming, format, and semantics for a global identifier. We have found that a Shibboleth deployment supporting VOs requires the addition of a new VO service component allowing VOs to manage their own membership and control access to their distributed resources. The myVocs system can be integrated with Grid authentication and authorization using GridShib. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
New Tricks for Old Dogs (2001)

Thrombin is a serine protease that potently activates platelets and catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Thrombin also exerts direct effects on vascular cells, such as smooth muscle cells, via interactions with members of the protease-activated receptor family. Evidence in several animal models implicates thrombin-mediated signaling events in the response to injury that typifies vascular lesion formation in atherosclerosis and restenosis. In this review, we examine the activation of protease-activated receptors by thrombin, the downstream signaling events mediated by these receptors, and the physiological role of thrombin in vascular cells and vascular disease.
Frequency agile microstrip rectangular patches using varactor diodes (1992)

A technique for controlling the operating frequency of microstrip rectangular antennas was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The method consists of placing varactor diodes at appropriate locations and then biasing the diodes. Measurements and theoretical calculation were performed for a 5.3-cm*4.5-cm edge-fed patch using Arlon LX with a thickness of 0.7874 mm and a relative dielectric constant of 2.17. BB 405B silicon UHF variable-capacitance varactor diodes were used as tuning devices. Good agreement between experimental results and theory was achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Flavonoid components and flower color change in transgenic tobacco plants by suppression of chalcone isomerase gene (2005)

A cDNA encoding chalcone isomerase (CHI) was isolated from the petals of Nicotiana tabacum and the effect of its suppression on flavonoid biosynthesis was analyzed in transgenic tobacco plants. CHI-suppression by RNA interference (RNAi) showed reduced pigmentation and change of flavonoid components in flower petals. The plants also accumulated high levels of chalcone in pollen, showing a yellow coloration. Our results first demonstrated that suppression of CHI by genetic transformation is possible in higher plants. This suggests that CHI plays a major part in the cyclization reaction from chalcone to flavanone, and that spontaneous reactions are few, if any, in tobacco plants.
Detection of Intermediates in Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition Process Using Tetraethoxysilane (1994)

The thermal decomposition process of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the gas phase has been studied using a gas-chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS) connected to an electric furnace. TEOS decomposed over 500°C to give a TEOS dimer and trimer. It has been confirmed that formation of TEOS oligomers occurs in the gas phase. Ethylene, acetaldehyde and ethanol were also detected, which are low-molecular-weight products formed by thermal decomposition of TEOS. Ethylene was the principal product among the low-molecular-weight products. This indicates that triethoxysilanol is an intermediate in the formation of TEOS oligomers.
Magainins and the disruption of membrane-linked free-energy transduction. (1989)

Magainins, a family of positively charged peptides, are partly if not wholly responsible for antimicrobial activity in skin extracts of Xenopus laevis. We report here that members of the magainin family--i.e., the 21-amino acid peptide PGLa and the 23-amino acid peptide magainin 2 amide (PGSa)--dissipate the electric potential across various energy-transducing membranes and thus uncouple respiration from other free-energy-requiring processes. We propose that this is a likely mechanism for the antimicrobial effects of these compounds.
Elevated soluble MUC1 levels and decreased anti-MUC1 antibody levels in patients with multiple myeloma (2000)

Soluble MUC1 (sMUC1) levels are elevated in many MUC1+cancers. We and others have shown that MUC1 is expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells and B cells. In this study, we measured sMUC1 levels in bone marrow (BM) plasma from 71 MM patients and 21 healthy donors (HDs), and in peripheral blood (PB) plasma from 42 MM patients and 13 HDs using an immunoassay that detects the CA27.29 epitope of MUC1. sMUC1 levels were found to be significantly greater (mean 31.76 U/mL, range 5.69 to 142.48 U/mL) in MM patient BM plasma versus HD BM plasma (mean 9.68 U/mL, range 0.65 to 39.83 U/mL) (P &lt; .001). Importantly, BM plasma sMUC1 levels were related to tumor burden because sMUC1 levels were significantly higher for MM patients with active disease (34.62 U/mL, range 5.69 to 142.48 U/mL) versus MM patients with minimal residual disease (16.16 U/mL, range 5.7 to 56.68 U/mL) (P = .0026). sMUC1 levels were also elevated in the PB plasma of MM patients (32.79 U/mL, range 4.15 to 148.84 U/mL) versus HDs (18.47 U/mL, range 8.84 to 42.49) (P = .0052). Lastly, circulating immunglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to MUC1 were measured in 114 MM patients and 31 HDs, because natural antibodies to MUC1 have been detected in patients with other MUC1-bearing malignancies. These studies demonstrated lower levels of circulating IgM (P &lt; .001) and IgG (P = .078) antibodies to MUC1 in MM patients compared with HDs. Our data therefore show that in MM patients, sMUC1 levels are elevated and correlate with disease burden, whereas anti-MUC1 antibody levels are decreased.
The Solubility of Calcium and Phosphate in Two Specialty Amino Acid Solutions (1996)

These data and graphs will help the clinical pharmacist estimate Ca-PO4 solubility limits and prevent precipitation of TPN solutions formulated with NephrAmine or Hepatamine.
Pantoprazole versus omeprazole: influence on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion. (1999)

Pantoprazole 40 mg is significantly more effective than omeprazole 20 mg in inhibiting meal-stimulated acid secretion. In addition, pantoprazole exhibits a more rapid onset of action.
Supporting multi-user, multi-applet workspaces in CBE (1996)

Our experience with Internet-based scientific collaboratories indicates that they need to be user-extensible, allow users to add tools and objects dynamically to shared workspaces, permit users to move work dynamically between private and shared workspaces, and be easily accessible over a network. We present the software architecture of an environment, called CBE, for building collaboratories to meet such needs. CBE provides user-extensibility by allowing a collaborator to be constructed as a coordinated collection of group-swam applets. To support dynamic reconfiguration of shared workspaces and to allow access over the Internet, CBE uses the metaphor of rooms as the high-level grouping mechanism for applets and users. Rooms may contain applets, users, and arbitrary data objects. Rooms can be used for both asynchronous and synchronous collaboration because their state persists across synchronous sessions. Room participants may have different roles in a room (such as administrator, member and observer), with appropriate access rights. A prototype of the model has been implemented in Java and can be run from a Java-enabled Web browser.
Towards Defect-Tolerant Nanoscale Architectures (2006)

Nanoscale computing systems show great potential but at the same time introduce new challenges not encountered in the world of conventional CMOS designs and manufacturing. For example, these systems need to work around layout and doping constraints resulting from bottom-up self-assembly manufacturing, and need to cope with high manufacturing defect rates and transient faults. Unfortunately, most conventional defect-tolerance techniques are not directly applicable in nanoscale systems because they have been designed for very small defect rates. In this paper, we explore built-in defect-tolerance techniques on 2-D semiconductor nanowire (NW) arrays to make designs self-healing. Our approach combines circuit and system-level techniques and it does not require defect map extraction, reconfigurable devices, or addressing each cross-point similar to reconfigurable approaches. We show that a defect-tolerant simple processor based on our approach would be still around 3X denser than an 18-nm CMOS version with equivalent functionality; a yield greater than 30% can be achieved despite a fabric with 14% defective FETs.
Positive selection of antibiotic-producing soil isolates (1991)

Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to identify the most powerful selective substrates which could be used to formulate media capable of enriching for antibiotic-producing soil isolates. This was achieved by characterizing a collection of 74 soil bacteria, including eubacteria and actinomycetes, according to their ability to produce antibacterial antibiotics and their growth responses to 43 physiological and nutritional tests. The characters which were selective for actinomycetes relative to eubacteria included growth on proline (1%, w/v) and humic acid (0.1%) as sole sources of both carbon and nitrogen, growth on nitrate as a nitrogen source, and growth at pH 7.7-8.0. Growth on proline (1%) and humic acid (0.1%) as sole carbon/nitrogen sources, growth on asparagine as a nitrogen source, and growth in the presence of vitamins were among the characteristics which allowed antibiotic-producing actinomycetes to be differentiated from non-antibiotic-producing strains. Several simple isolation media which incorporated the selective substrates identified by discriminant analysis succeeded in increasing the proportion of actinomycetes isolated from soil samples. Furthermore, the percentage of isolates capable of antibiotic production was considerably increased.
Mini-Review: Biosynthesis of Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (2009)

Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biologically produced polyesters which can consist of a diverse set of repeating unit structures. These biologically produced polyesters have many attractive properties and have been produced for use as bulk commodity plastics, fishing lines, and medical uses. PHAs have also attracted much attention as biodegradable polymers that can be produced from biorenewable resources. The cellular factories that produce these polymers offer the ability to produce or incorporate monomers that may not be available via typical chemical synthesis. In addition, cellular production of PHAs may be more "green" as compared to the use of specific metal catalysts for the production of polymers. The biosynthetic incorporation of specific monomers into PHA polymers is dependent on many factors that include the type of carbon source that the organism is grown on, the types of metabolic pathways available to that organism to convert those carbon sources into PHA monomers, and the substrate specificity of the enzymes involved in PHA synthesis. This review covers known biosynthetic pathways for the production of PHAs. Keywords: polyhydroxyalkanoatesPHA synthasegenetic engineering in vitro evolutionPHA monomer-supplying enzymes Notes a Substrates preferred by the PHA synthase. SCL-HA-CoA (C3-C5), short-chain-length-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A (3–5 carbons in length); MCL-HA-CoA (C6-C14), medium-chain-length-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A (6–14 carbons in length); SCL-MCL-HA-CoA (C3-C14), short-chain-length-medium-chain-length-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A (3–14 carbons in length). b Class of PHA synthase. c Name of PHA synthase subunit or subunits if the enzyme consists of more than PhaC. d Native microorganism where the PHA synthase and polymer are found. e Polymers produced. SCL-PHA, short-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate, MCL-PHA, medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate; SCL-MCL-PHA, short-chain-length-medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate.