gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression regulated by protein kinase C pathway in endothelial cells during hypoxia. (2002)

Objective. To investigate the relationship between Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression and protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Method. 1) Rat's primary pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) were cultured under hypoxia condition (1% O2). Changes of PKC activity and VEGF mRNA in PAEC were detected at 0 (control), 1, 3, 6, and 12 h in the hypoxic condition of culture. 2) After addition of PKC inhibitor (staurosporine) in culture medium and culturing PAEC in hypoxic condition immediately, PKC activity and VEGF mRNA in PAEC were measured at the same time. VEGF protein in culture medium under the two conditions above were also detected. Result. PKC activity in PAEC were obviously elevated at 1 h during hypoxia as compared with the control (P<0.05); VEGF mRNA expression in PAEC and VEGF protein level in culture medium were increased significantly (P<0.01) at 3 h and 6 h during hypoxia respectively as compared with the control (P<0.01); After addition of PKC inhibitor in culture medium and culturing cells in hypoxia condition immediately, PKC activity in PAEC decreased significantly as compared with that at 0 h (P<0.01), and there were no significant changes of VEGF mRNA in PAEC and VEGF protein level in culture medium at any time (P>0.05). Conclusion. The results demonstrate that hypoxia stimulates pulmonary arterial vascular endothelial cells to secrete VEGF, and PKC may be one of the factors that up-regulate VEGF gene expression during hypoxia.
The Field of Tissue Injury in the Lung and Airway (2008)

The concept of field cancerization was first introduced over 6 decades ago in the setting of oral cancer. Later, field cancerization involving histologic and molecular changes of neoplasms and adjacent tissue began to be characterized in smokers with or without lung cancer. Investigators also described a diffuse, nonneoplastic field of molecular injury throughout the respiratory tract that is attributable to cigarette smoking and susceptibility to smoking-induced lung disease. The potential molecular origins of field cancerization and the field of injury following cigarette smoke exposure in lung and airway epithelia are critical to understanding their potential impact on clinical diagnostics and therapeutics for smoking-induced lung disease.
CloudBench: Experiment Automation for Cloud Environments (2013)

The growth in the adoption of cloud computing is driven by distinct and clear benefits for both cloud customers and cloud providers. However, the increase in the number of cloud providers as well as in the variety of offerings from each provider has made it harder for customers to choose. At the same time, the number of options to build a cloud infrastructure, from cloud management platforms to different interconnection and storage technologies, also poses a challenge for cloud providers. In this context, cloud experiments are as necessary as they are labor intensive. Cloud Bench [1] is an open-source framework that automates cloud-scale evaluation and benchmarking through the running of controlled experiments, where complex applications are automatically deployed. Experiments are described through experiment plans, containing directives with enough descriptive power to make the experiment descriptions brief while allowing for customizable multi-parameter variation. Experiments can be executed in multiple clouds using a single interface. Cloud Bench is capable of managing experiments spread across multiple regions and for long periods of time. The modular approach adopted allows it to be easily extended to accommodate new cloud infrastructure APIs and benchmark applications, directly by external users. A built-in data collection system collects, aggregates and stores metrics for cloud management activities (such as VM provisioning and VM image capture) and application runtime information. Experiments can be conducted in a highly controllable fashion, in order to assess the stability, scalability and reliability of multiple cloud configurations. We demonstrate Cloud Bench's main characteristics through the evaluation of an Open Stack installation, including experiments with approximately 1200 simultaneous VMs at an arrival rate of up to 400 VMs/hour.
Oxaliplatin Combined With Weekly Bolus Fluorouracil and Leucovorin As Surgical Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage II and III Colon Cancer: Results From NSABP C-07 (2007)

The addition of oxaliplatin to weekly FULV significantly improved DFS in patients with stage II and III colon cancer. FLOX can be recommended as an effective option in clinical practice.
Sustainion Imidazolium‐Functionalized Polymers for Carbon Dioxide Electrolysis (2016)

Abstract CO 2 electrolysis is a key step in CO 2 conversion into fuels and chemicals as a way of mitigating climate change. We report the synthesis and testing of a series of new anion‐conductive membranes (tradenamed Sustainion™) for use in CO 2 electrolysis. These membranes incorporate the functional character of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids as co‐catalysts in CO 2 reduction into a solid membrane with a styrene backbone. We find that the addition of an imidazolium group onto the styrene side‐chains increases the selectivity of the reaction from approximately 25 % to approximately 95 %. The current at 3 V is increased by a factor of 14. So far we have been able to tune these parameters to achieve stable cells that provide current densities higher than 100 mA cm −2 at 3 V cell potential with a CO product selectivity over 98 %. Stable performance was observed for 6 months of continuous operation (&gt;150 000 000 turnovers). These results demonstrate that imidazolium polymers are ideal membranes for CO 2 electrolysis.
Pharmacokinetics of Dexamethasone Solution following Intratympanic Injection in Guinea Pig and Sheep (2010)

Information on inner ear pharmacokinetics is limited in the literature, especially in large animals and in humans. A preliminary study was designed to explore the differences in inner ear exposure between guinea pigs and sheep following a single intratympanic injection of a 2% dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution. In both species, significant levels of dexamethasone were observed in the perilymph within 1 h, and decreasing by 50- to 100-fold within 12 h. Overall, the exposure to dexamethasone in the inner ear was significantly lower in sheep by 17- to 27-fold than in guinea pigs. Systemic and CNS exposure were minimal in both species as indicated by the low drug levels observed in plasma and CSF. Altogether, the preliminary evidence presented herein suggests the sheep as a practical and acceptable animal model to study the inner ear pharmacokinetics of drug candidates in large mammals and its potential towards extrapolation to human exposure.
Physical associations between CD45 and CD4 or CD8 occur as late activation events in antigen receptor-stimulated human T cells (1991)

Activation of human PBL T cells with solid phase anti-CD3 mAb or during the course of an MLR response gives rise to the association of CD4 or CD8 molecules with the protein tyrosine phosphatase, CD45, on the cell surface. This paired association of cell-surface molecules occurs late in the activation cycle and appears to be dependent upon Ti-CD3-mediated signaling because mitogen-driven activation does not induce formation of the complex. Maximal association occurred 72 to 96 h after exposure to anti-CD3 mAb on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In contrast, association between CD8 and CD45 during an MLR response did not occur until day 6 of a MLR whereas CD4-CD45 association was detected by 72 h of culture. The kinetics of association between CD4 or CD8 and CD45 was measured by fluorescence resonance energy transfer and confirmed by immunoprecipitation of dithiobis succinimidylpropionate or disuccinimidyl suberate cross-linked 125I-labeled resting or activated T cells. The molecules that co-precipitated with either CD4 or CD8 and had an apparent kDa of 180 to 205 could be immunodepleted with anti-CD45 mAb. Furthermore, CD4 or CD8 immunoprecipitates from 96-h activated T cells contained significant levels of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity whereas corresponding immunoprecipitates from resting or recently activated T cells showed little protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. This association may allow CD45 to engage and dephosphorylate lck or another CD4- or CD8-associated substrate in order to reset the receptor complex to receive a new set of stimuli. Our observations suggest that synergistic signaling provided as a consequence of CD4 or CD8 association with the TCR after antigenic stimulation may develop on a different temporal scale than that observed after soluble anti-CD4+ anti-CD3 heteroconjugate antibody cross-linking.
Oncogenic role of EAPII in lung cancer development and its activation of the MAPK–ERK pathway (2011)

Cancer progression involves multiple complex and interdependent steps, including progressive proliferation, angiogenesis and metastases. The complexity of these processes requires a comprehensive elucidation of the integrated signaling networks for better understanding. EAPII interacts with multiple cancer-related proteins, but its biological significance in cancer development remains unknown. In this report we identified the elevated level of EAPII protein in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients and NSCLC cell lines in culture. The oncogenic role of EAPII in lung cancer development was demonstrated using NSCLC cells with genetic manipulations that influence EAPII expression: EAPII overexpression increases proliferation of NSCLC cells with an accelerated transition of cell cycle and facilitates xenograft tumor growth in vivo; EAPII knockdown results in apoptosis of NSCLC cells and reduces xenograft tumor formation. To further explore the mechanism of EAPII's oncogenic role in lung cancer development and to elucidate the potential signaling pathway(s) that EAPII may impact, we employed antibody array to investigate the alternation of the major signaling pathways in NSCLC cells with altered EAPII level. We found that EAPII overexpression significantly activated Raf1 and ERK1/2, but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 pathways. Consistently, the protein and mRNA levels of MYC and cyclin D1, which are targets of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK) pathway, are significantly increased by EAPII overexpression. Taken together, we demonstrated that EAPII is an oncogenic factor and the activation of MAPK-ERK signaling pathway by EAPII may contribute to lung cancer development.
Controlled Delivery of the Anti-VEGF Aptamer EYE001 with Poly(lactic-co-glycolic)Acid Microspheres (2003)

The loading of aptamer-containing microspheres into a device and placing it on the orbital surface of the sclera was assessed and shown to be feasible. RNA aptamer EYE001 encapsulated in PLGA was delivered over a period of 20 days with retained activity. This method represents a promising approach for the transscleral delivery of drugs and the treatment of choroidal and retinal diseases.
The Design of Goal-Based Scenarios (1994)

Outside school, people typically learn during their experiences while addressing desired goals. The Goal-Based Scenario (GBS) framework describes computer-based learning environments that exploit this simple fact. In this article, we propose a structure and a set of design criteria for learn-by-doing environments that enable students to work towards desired goals. A key issue we address is the content to be taught by GBSs. Because skills are the form of knowledge that, when applied, enable students to achieve valued goals, we argue that GBSs should be designed to teach a set of target skills required to achieve a specified goal. Two programs we built prior to specifying GBSs but motivated by many of the same ideas will be analyzed according to the proposed principles. We conclude by briefly describing tools currently under development to facilitate the construction of GBSs.
A 900-MHz local oscillator using a DLL-based frequency multiplier technique for PCS applications (2000)

A monolithic CMOS local oscillator utilizing a delay-locked loop (DLL)-based frequency multiplier technique to synthesize a 900-MHz carrier frequency with a low close-in phase noise is described. The prototype, implemented in a double-poly five-metal 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, achieves a -123 and -127 dBc/Hz phase noise at 60 and 330 kHz offset frequencies, respectively, while dissipating 130 mW from a 3.3-V supply. This prototype satisfies the specification of the IS-137 AMPS/TDMA dual-mode standard.
An Interactive Web Site Providing Major Histocompatibility Ligand Predictions: Application to HIV Research (1997)

EpiMatrix/HIV, a tool that is currently available on the World Wide Web, enables researchers to screen HIV proteins for potential MHC ligands. We have performed a comparison of EpiMatrix predictions to 158 published allotype-specific HLA-associated peptides (MHC ligands) derived from 133 proteins. The top 10 ranked EpiMatrix predictions for each of the 158 HLA allotype-protein pairs were selected for comparison with these published ligands. EpiMatrix correctly identified 134 of 158 published ligands (85%). The algorithm is now available for use by the HIV research community at the URL http:/(/)www.EpiMatrix.com/HIV.
Fertility in rats after long-term jojoba meal supplementation (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFertility in rats after long-term jojoba meal supplementationMarnix M. Cokelaere, Johan. Buyse, Paul. Daenens, Eddy. Decuypere, Eduard. Kuhn, and Maurits. Van BovenCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 9, 1449–1451Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00033a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (462 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Limits on the Spectral Efficiency of Intensity Modulated Direct Detection Systems with Optical Amplifiers (2001)

We study the information capacity and the spectral efficiency of communication systems with optical amplifiers, in the direct detection intensity modulation case. We show that with typical values of OSNR of the order of 20dB, multilevel signaling can increase the spectral efficiency by no more than a factor of 3.5 relative to binary modulated systems. The highest spectral efficiency is obtained with a symmetric optical spectrum, and it cannot be improved by removing one sideband as in the single sideband modulation case.
Evaluating the efficacy of mucoactive aerosol therapy. (2000)

The aerosol route is attractive for the delivery of mucoactive medications. Mucoactive medications include mucolytics, which depolymerize polymers of mucin (classic mucolytics) or DNA/actin (peptide mucolytics), mucokinetic agents, which increase cough clearance, mucoregulatory medications, which decrease abnormal mucus secretion, and expectorants and ion channel modifiers. Despite the widespread use of these medications, there are few well conducted studies and thus few data clearly supporting (or failing to support) their use. This will change as our understanding of mucociliary physiology and pharmacology increases and as well designed and well powered clinical trials are conducted with appropriate outcome measurements. Effective mucoactive therapy should make a profound impact on the care of patients with chronic bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, and inflammatory airways disease, and will be essential for the effective delivery of gene therapy vectors and bioactive peptides to the airway epithelium.
Oxidative demethylation at C-4 of a steroid via nitroxide photolysis (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidative demethylation at C-4 of a steroid via nitroxide photolysisJames A. Nelson, Sunwen Chou, and Thomas A. SpencerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 3, 648–649Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00836a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (228 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Applying probabilistic term weighting to OCR text in the case of a large alphabetic library catalogue (1995)

Article Free Access Share on Applying probabilistic term weighting to OCR text in the case of a large alphabetic library catalogue Authors: Elke Mittendorf Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandView Profile , Peter Schäuble Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandView Profile , Páraic Sheridan Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGIR '95: Proceedings of the 18th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrievalJuly 1995 Pages 328–335https://doi.org/10.1145/215206.215379Online:01 July 1995Publication History 17citation427DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations17Total Downloads427Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Rapid refolding of a proline-rich all-beta-sheet fibronectin type III module. (1996)

Fibronectin type III modules contain approximately 90 residues and are an extremely common building block of animal proteins. Despite containing a complex all-beta-sheet topology and eight prolines, the refolding of the 10th type III module of human fibronectin has been found to be very rapid, with native core packing, amide hydrogen bonding, and backbone conformation all recovered within 1 s at 5 degrees C. These observations indicate that this domain can overcome many structural characteristics often thought to slow the folding process.
VILSMEIER CYCLIZATION OF 2-AMINO PHENOXYACETIC ACID (2001)

A facile one pot synthesis of 1,4-benzoxazine and 1,4-benzothiazine from 2-aminophenoxyacetic acid and 2-aminothiophenoxyacetic acid is reported.
Pathogenesis of axonal and neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis (2007)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Approximately 2 million people worldwide have MS, with females outnumbering males 2:1. Because of its high prevalence, MS is the leading cause of nontraumatic neurologic disability in young adults in the United States and Europe. Axon loss is the major cause of irreversible disability in patients with MS. Axon damage, including transection of the axon, begins early in MS and correlates with inflammatory activity. Several mechanisms lead to axon loss, including inflammatory secretions, loss of myelin-derived support, disruption of axonal ion concentrations, energy failure, and Ca(2+) accumulation. Therapeutic interventions directed toward each of these mechanisms need to be tested for their efficacy in enhancing axon survival and, ultimately, their ability to delay progression of neurologic disability in patients with MS.
Comparative Efficacy of Acaricides against Porcine Mange (2013)

The study was designed to assess efficacy of oral Ivermectin and Zerokeet (a herbal formulation) with respect to parenteral Ivermectin and Doramectin against mange in pigs. Group I and group II were treated with oral solution of Ivermectin and Zerokeet lotion respectively, where as group III and IV were treated with parenteral Doramectin and Ivermectin respectively. On parasitological examination, their was complete reduction in mite count in group III and IV on day 42. Whereas in group I and II, reduction in mites count was 83.33% and 66.67% respectively. After treatment with miticidal drugs recovery with respect to lesions and symptoms was first seen in group III followed by group lV, group l and group ll. Doramectin and Ivermectin parenteral appears to be drug of choice for mange mite infestation in pigs.
Decreased Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation in CX3CR1/Apolipoprotein E Double Knockout Mice (2003)

The CX3CR1-CX3CL1 pathway seems to play a direct and critical role in monocyte recruitment and atherosclerotic lesion development in a mouse model of human atherosclerosis.
Topic-sensitive PageRank (2002)

In the original PageRank algorithm for improving the ranking of search-query results, a single PageRank vector is computed, using the link structure of the Web, to capture the relative "importance" of Web pages, independent of any particular search query. To yield more accurate search results, we propose computing a set of PageRank vectors, biased using a set of representative topics, to capture more accurately the notion of importance with respect to a particular topic. By using these (precomputed) biased PageRank vectors to generate query-specific importance scores for pages at query time, we show that we can generate more accurate rankings than with a single, generic PageRank vector. For ordinary keyword search queries, we compute the topic-sensitive PageRank scores for pages satisfying the query using the topic of the query keywords. For searches done in context (e.g., when the search query is performed by highlighting words in a Web page), we compute the topic-sensitive PageRank scores using the topic of the context in which the query appeared.