gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epileptogenesis After Self‐Sustaining Status Epilepticus (2002)

SSSE leads after a "silent" period to chronic epilepsy, which is maintained for > or =1 year in the rat. The silence is only behavioral, because EEG paroxysmal activity is seen in every animal. In this model of SSSE, the timing of treatment is a major determinant of outcome. Early treatment reduces the incidence of chronic epilepsy, whereas late treatment only reduces its severity. The possibility that this reduction of the severity of epilepsy may led to spontaneous remissions merits further study.
Communications support for multimedia workstations (1991)

The authors review the development in multimedia workstations and identify the broad area of investigation required to enable the communication of multimedia information. Next, the Lancaster MNI project is outlined and its interface architecture and implementation described. Key research issues being tackled in the project are discussed, specifically quality of service and synchronization, then the network protocol emulator part of the project is briefly discussed. Finally, items of future work are identified
The effect of ventricular sequential contraction on helical heart during pacing: high septal pacing versus biventricular pacing (2006)

(1) Biventricular pacing disrupts of the natural sequence of shortening of the myocardial band and results in impaired LV function. (2) High septal pacing preserves the sequential shortening pattern of the myocardial band and LV function.
Economic cycles, their law and cause (1914)

upon agriculture. Another momentous step was taken in the direction of theoretical development when the English economists formulated the law of diminishing returns in agriculture and traced its all-pervasive influence in the production and distribution of the product of industry.
On the development of high quality NiTi shape memory and pseudoelastic parts by additive manufacturing (2014)

Additive manufacturing provides an attractive processing method for nickel–titanium (NiTi) shape memory and pseudoelastic parts. In this paper, we show how the additive manufacturing process affects structural and functional properties of additively manufactured NiTi and how the process parameter set-up can be optimized to produce high quality NiTi parts and components. Comparisons of shape recovery due to shape memory and pseudoelasticity in additively manufactured and commercial NiTi exhibit promising potential for this innovative processing method.
Design and economic assessment of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. (2002)

Biodiesel is a recommended petroleum-based diesel substitute mainly because it is environmentally friendly and is a renewable, domestic resource. However, compared to petroleum-based diesel, biodiesel has a higher cost, which is the major obstacle to its commercialization. In this thesis, four different continuous alkali- and acid-catalyzed processes to produce biodiesel from virgin vegetable oil and waste cooking oil were designed and simulated. Process flowsheets, along with detailed operating conditions and equipment designs for each process were created. Technical assessment of these processes showed that the alkali-catalyzed process using virgin oil required the least amount of process equipment and no significant requirement for special materials of construction but had the highest raw material cost. The acid-catalyzed process using waste cooking oil proved to be technically feasible with a significantly lower raw material cost but required forty percent of the process equipment to be constructed from stainless steel. An economic assessment was also performed based on the results of process simulations. The alkali-catalyzed process using virgin vegetable oil was found to have the lowest fixed capital cost. However, in terms of total manufacturing cost, aftertax rate of return and break-even price of biodiesel, the acid-catalyzed process using waste cooking oil had the lowest operating cost, the best aftertax rate of return (i.e., 10%) and the lowest break-even price (i.e., $590/tonne). In summary, the acid-catalyzed process to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil is technically feasible and economically attractive. Results from the sensitivity analyses of the various processes indicated that plant capacity, the price of feedstock oil and biodiesel price were the factors that most significantly affected the economic feasibility of biodiesel production.
Update on psoriasis immunopathogenesis and targeted immunotherapy (2015)

Over recent years, significant progress has been made in characterisation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in psoriasis, a common cutaneous disease that is associated with major systemic co-morbidity and reduced life expectancy. Basic science discoveries have informed the design of novel therapeutic approaches, many of which are now under evaluation in late-stage clinical trials. Here we describe the complex interplay between immune cell types and cytokine networks that acts within self-perpetuating feedback loops to drive cutaneous inflammation in psoriasis. Genetic studies have been pivotal in the construction of the disease model and more recently have uncovered a distinct aetiology for rare, pustular variants of psoriasis. The translation of mechanistic insights into potential advancements in clinical care will also be described, including several treatments that target the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/T17 immune axis.
Pig MHC Mediates Positive Selection of Mouse CD4+ T Cells with a Mouse MHC-Restricted TCR in Pig Thymus Grafts (1998)

Remarkably normal immune function and specific T cell tolerance to discordant xenogeneic donors can be achieved by grafting fetal pig thymus and liver (FP THY/LIV) tissue to T cell and NK cell-depleted, thymectomized (ATX) mice. To determine whether or not host class II MHC molecules participate in the positive selection of mouse CD4+ T cells in FP THY/LIV grafts, we compared their development in ATX "AND" TCR-transgenic mice with positive selecting or nonselecting host MHC genotypes. Mouse TCR-transgenic CD4 single positive T cells repopulated the periphery significantly and to a similar extent in both T/NK cell-depleted, ATX AND mice with positive-selecting or nonselecting MHC backgrounds after grafting with FP THY/LIV. Therefore, MHC molecules from a widely disparate xenogeneic species can positively select T cells bearing a host class II MHC-restricted TCR without a contribution from the host MHC. These results, in combination with previous studies performed in this model, suggest that the T cell repertoire that is generated by the combination of positive selection on xenogeneic MHC and negative selection on both recipient and xenogeneic porcine MHC is tolerant of both donor and recipient and has sufficient cross-reactivity with host MHC/foreign peptide complexes to confer a high level of immunocompetence. The results have implications for the potential clinical applicability of xenogeneic thymic transplantation and also suggest a predominant role for the TCR recognition of species-conserved MHC residues in positive selection.
Control of Free-Floating Humanoid Robots Through Task Prioritization (2006)

The possibility of controlling humanoid robots in free-space opens new fields of application involving free-floating behaviors. Recently, we presented a prioritized task-oriented control framework for the control of multiple motion primitives while complying with physical constraints imposed by the robot’s body and environment. We adapt here this framework to the control of free-floating robots.
Insulin receptors on leukemia and lymphoma cells (1983)

Tumor cells obtained from leukemia and lymphoma patients were investigated for specific insulin receptors. Using radioactive 125I- labeled insulin, specific insulin binding sites were demonstrated on most acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) cells, including acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), and acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) cells. Insulin receptors were not found on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and malignant lymphoma (ML) cells. Specific insulin binding sites were also found on monocytes and thymocytes after treatment with phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P), but not on inactivated tonsil cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes, or thymocytes. There was no inverse correlation between the content of insulin receptors and the basal level of circulating insulin. These data suggest that the insulin receptor may be a new marker of acute leukemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia.
Functional expression of the PHA synthase gene C1 from in results in poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) synthesis (1997)

The potential of the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), consisting of medium-chain-length (MCL) hydroxyfatty acids (C5-C14), in recombinant Escherichia coli was investigated. E. coli mutants affected in fatty acid degradation and fatty acid de novo synthesis were employed. We established the functional expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PHA synthase gene phaC1. The coding region of phaC1 was subcloned via PCR into vector pBluescript SK-. The resulting plasmid pBHR71 enabled functional expression of phaC1 under lac promoter control and conferred synthesis and accumulation of PHA to various strains of E. coli. PHA synthesis was analysed with respect to the carbon source in various E. coli fad and fab mutants. This study provided evidence that intermediates of the fatty acid beta-oxidation can be directed to PHA synthesis and that 3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA is the main substrate for PHA synthase PhaC1 from P. aeruginosa. The E. coli fadB mutant LS1298 containing plasmid pBHR71 and cultivated in LB medium containing 0.5% (w/v) decanoate revealed the strongest accumulation of PHA contributing to about 21% of the cellular dry weight, which was composed of 2.5 mol% 3-hydroxyhexanoate, 20 mol% 3-hydroxyoctanoate, 72.5 mol% 3-hydroxydecanoate and 5 mol% 3-hydroxydodecanoate.
Optimal Management of Shivering During Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest (2011)

Both pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods are used to control shivering in therapeutic hypothermia. An evidence-based protocol based on the most current research has been developed for the management of shivering during therapeutic hypothermia. Meperidine is the drug of choice and provides the greatest reduction in the shivering threshold. Other effective pharmacological agents recommended for reducing the threshold include dexmedetomidine, midazolam, fentanyl, and magnesium sulfate. In addition, skin counterwarming techniques, such as use of an air-circulating blanket, are effective nonpharmacological methods for reducing shivering when used in conjunction with medication. As a last resort, neuromuscular blocking agents are considered appropriate therapy for management of refractory shivering.
Recent Advances in Microwave-Based Dielectric Spectroscopy at the Cellular Level for Cancer Investigations (2013)

Cancer remains a leading cause of death in the world. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to develop new analysis tools, in complementarity to existing ones, to enable the early diagnostic of the diseases, personalized treatment, and further fundamental cancer mechanisms understanding. In this context, microwave-based and millimeter-wave-based dielectric spectroscopy performed at the cellular and molecular levels is progressively emerging, as it permits the non-invasive and real-time probing of cells in their culture biological medium. The recent advances of this topic are given in this paper with a specific highlight of its various assets.
RONN: the bio-basis function neural network technique applied to the detection of natively disordered regions in proteins (2005)

We have developed the regional order neural network (RONN) software as an application of our recently developed 'bio-basis function neural network' pattern recognition algorithm to the detection of natively disordered regions in proteins. The results of blind-testing a panel of nine disorder prediction tools (including RONN) against 80 protein sequences derived from the Protein Data Bank shows that, based on the probability excess measure, RONN performed the best.
Dynamics of BoltzmannQlearning in two-player two-action games (2012)

We consider the dynamics of Q learning in two-player two-action games with a Boltzmann exploration mechanism. For any nonzero exploration rate the dynamics is dissipative, which guarantees that agent strategies converge to rest points that are generally different from the game's Nash equlibria (NEs). We provide a comprehensive characterization of the rest point structure for different games and examine the sensitivity of this structure with respect to the noise due to exploration. Our results indicate that for a class of games with multiple NEs the asymptotic behavior of learning dynamics can undergo drastic changes at critical exploration rates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, for certain games with a single NE, it is possible to have additional rest points (not corresponding to any NE) that persist for a finite range of the exploration rates and disappear when the exploration rates of both players tend to zero.
Evaluation of corneal thickness and topography in normal eyes using the Orbscan corneal topography system (1999)

The information on regional corneal thickness, corneal elevation and axial corneal curvature obtained with the Orbscan corneal topography system from normal eyes provides a reference for comparison with diseased corneas. The Orbscan corneal topography system is a useful tool to evaluate both corneal topography and corneal thickness.
Reference intervals of urinary acute kidney injury (AKI) markers [IGFBP7]∙[TIMP2] in apparently healthy subjects and chronic comorbid subjects without AKI (2015)

Our investigation showed that urine [IGFBP7]∙[TIMP-2] values were not elevated in patients with stable chronic morbidities who did not have AKI.
Orthogonal properties of the redox siblings nitroxyl and nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system: a novel redox paradigm (2003)

Endogenous formation of nitric oxide (NO) and related nitrogen oxides in the vascular system is critical to regulation of multiple physiological functions. An imbalance in the production or availability of these species can result in progression of disease. Nitrogen oxide research in the cardiovascular system has primarily focused on the effects of NO and higher oxidation products. However, nitroxyl (HNO), the one-electron-reduction product of NO, has recently been shown to have unique and potentially beneficial pharmacological properties. HNO and NO often induce discrete biological responses, providing an interesting redox system. This article discusses the emerging aspects of HNO chemistry and attempts to provide a framework for the distinct effects of NO and HNO in vivo.
The Dominant-Negative Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Recombinant CJ83193 Can Serve as an Effective Vaccine against Wild-Type HSV-1 Infection in Mice (2004)

By selectively regulating the expression of the trans-dominant-negative mutant polypeptide UL9-C535C, of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) origin binding protein UL9 with the tetracycline repressor (tetR)-mediated gene switch, we recently generated a novel replication-defective and anti-HSV-specific HSV-1 recombinant, CJ83193. The UL9-C535C peptides expressed by CJ83193 can function as a potent intracellular therapy against its own replication, as well as the replication of wild-type HSV-1 and HSV-2 in coinfected cells. In this report, we demonstrate that CJ83193 cannot initiate acute productive infection in corneas of infected mice nor can it reactivate from trigeminal ganglia of mice latently infected by CJ83193 in a mouse ocular model. Given that CJ83193 is capable of expressing the viral alpha, beta, and gamma1 genes but little or no gamma2 genes, we tested the vaccine potential of CJ83193 against HSV-1 infection in a mouse ocular model. Our studies showed that immunization with CJ83193 significantly reduced the yields of challenge HSV in the eyes and trigeminal ganglia on days 3, 5, and 7 postchallenge. Like in mice immunized with the wild-type HSV-1 strain KOS, immunization of mice with CJ83193 prevents the development of keratitis and encephalitis induced by corneal challenge with wild-type HSV-1 strain mP. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) assays demonstrate that CJ83193 can elicit durable cell-mediated immunity at the same level as that of wild-type HSV-1 and is more effective than that induced by d27, an HSV-1 ICP27 deletion mutant. Moreover, mice immunized with CJ83193 developed strong, durable HSV-1-neutralizing antibodies at levels at least twofold higher than those induced by d27. The results presented in this report have shed new light on the development of effective HSV viral vaccines that encode a unique safety mechanism capable of inhibiting the mutant's own replication and that of wild-type virus.
Characterization of an antitumor immune response after light-activated drug therapy using talaporfin sodium in a spontaneously metastasizing mammary tumor model (2009)

3052 Background: An innovative light-activated drug therapy (Litx) is a cytoreductive treatment that uses light-emitting diodes to activate talaporfin sodium (LS11), a water-soluble drug, resulting in the production of singlet oxygen. Tumor destruction involves direct and indirect tumor kill through apoptosis, vascular occlusion, and potentially antitumor immunologic effects. To provide evidence for the potential antitumor immunologic effects, we have used the therapy to treat primary tumors and examine prevention of metastases in the 4T1 tumor model, an aggressive, spontaneously metastasizing murine mammary tumor model that mirrors human breast cancer. When grown in the mammary fat pad of BALB/c mice, untreated 4T1 tumors rapidly metastasize to lung, liver, lymph nodes, and brain. Methods: To confirm tumor kill by this therapy, the primary 4T1 tumors grown in mice were treated and animal survival was followed. To determine whether the therapy could enhance antitumor immunity and reduce metastases, the lymph node (LN) cells from treated and control mice were transferred to naïve recipient mice. Recipients were challenged with a tumorigenic dose of 4T1 cells 3 days after adoptive transfer and primary and secondary tumor growth in the recipients was examined. Results: Treatment of primary tumors significantly increased survival (p≤0.01) when compared to animals treated with either light or drug alone. LN cells isolated from treated mice, but not control mice, significantly inhibited primary tumor growth in recipients (p≤0.0001) and dramatically reduced the number of lung metastases present 40d after tumor challenge (p≤0.02). The ability to inhibit primary and secondary tumor growth in recipients depended on the presence of CD8 + T cells; depletion of CD8 + T cells from the LN abolished the effect. Preliminary evidence for such effect on untreated tumors has been observed in human trials of this therapy. Conclusions: These results indicated that this light-activated drug therapy not only destroyed the treated tumors directly but also controlled growth of untreated tumors through induction of a specific host antitumor immune response mediated by CD8 + T cells. [Table: see text]
Altered expression of the septin gene, SEPT9 , in ovarian neoplasia (2003)

The septin family of genes has been implicated in a variety of cellular processes including cytokinesis, membrane transport and fusion, exocytosis, and apoptosis. One member of the septin family maps to chromosome 17q25.3, a region commonly deleted in sporadic ovarian and breast tumours, and has also been identified as a fusion partner of MLL in acute myeloid leukaemias. The present study demonstrates that the pattern of expression of multiple splice variants of this septin gene is altered in ovarian tumours and cell lines. In particular, expression of the zeta transcript is detectable in the majority of tumours and cell lines, but not in a range of non-malignant adult and fetal tissues. Zeta expression is accompanied by loss of the ubiquitous beta transcript. Somatic mutations of the gene were not detected in ovarian tumours, but it was demonstrated that beta expression in tumour cell lines can be reactivated by 5-azacytidine treatment, suggesting a role for methylation in the control of expression of this gene.
Perfusion imaging (1992)

Measurement of tissue perfusion is important for the functional assessment of organs in vivo. Here we report the use of 1H NMR imaging to generate perfusion maps in the rat brain at 4.7 T. Blood water flowing to the brain is saturated in the neck region with a slice-selective saturation imaging sequence, creating an endogenous tracer in the form of proximally saturated spins. Because proton T1 times are relatively long, particularly at high field strengths, saturated spins exchange with bulk water in the brain and a steady state is created where the regional concentration of saturated spins is determined by the regional blood flow and regional T1. Distal saturation applied equidistantly outside the brain serves as a control for effects of the saturation pulses. Average cerebral blood flow in normocapnic rat brain under halothane anesthesia was determined to be 105 +/- 16 cc.100 g-1.min-1 (mean +/- SEM, n = 3), in good agreement with values reported in the literature, and was sensitive to increases in arterial pCO2. This technique allows regional perfusion maps to be measured noninvasively, with the resolution of 1H MRI, and should be readily applicable to human studies.
Quantitation of bystander effects in nitroreductase suicide gene therapy using three-dimensional cell cultures. (2002)

The efficacy of cancer gene therapy depends critically on "bystander effects" by which genetic modification of tumor cells results in killing of unmodified cells in the local microenvironment. In gene-dependent enzyme-prodrug therapy, expression of a prodrug-activating suicide gene is used to generate a cytotoxic metabolite that diffuses to nontransduced cells. The objective of this study was to develop a physiologically relevant tissue culture model for quantifying bystander effects and to validate the model using as an example the activation of dinitrobenzamide prodrugs (e.g., CB 1954) by Escherichia coli aerobic nitroreductase (NTR). Bystander effects were measured in three-dimensional multilayer cocultures of NTR+ and NTR- cells by determining clonogenic survival curves for both cell types using V79, Skov3, or WiDr as parental cell lines. Bystander killing by CB 1954 was much more efficient in multilayers than monolayers at equivalent cell:medium ratios, whereas the chloromustard analogue of CB 1954 showed even greater efficiency. For a series of dinitrobenzamides, bystander killing in multilayers showed a positive correlation with prodrug lipophilicity and also correlated with the bystander effect in mixed tumor xenografts grown from the same NTR+ and NTR- WiDr cell lines (r(2) = 0.84; P < 0.001). The multilayer model identified a bromomustard prodrug (SN 24927) with superior therapeutic activity to CB 1954 that provided curative activity against WiDr tumors comprising 1:1 mixtures of NTR+ and NTR- cells. This study demonstrates the utility of the multilayer tissue culture model for quantifying and optimizing bystander effects in tumors and identifies a new lead prodrug for NTR gene-dependent enzyme-prodrug therapy.