gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is the class A macrophage scavenger receptor (SR-A) multifunctional? — The mouse’s tale (2001)

SR-A ligands Ligand Non-ligand Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Native LDL Acetylated LDL Oxidized High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Native HDL Maleylated bovine serum albumin (BSA) BSA Malondialdehyde BSA Fucoidan Heparin Dextran Sulfate Chondroitan Sulfate Polyguanylic acid (poly G) Polycytidylic acid (poly C) Polyinosinic acid (poly I) Polyadenylic acid (poly A) Crocidolite asbestos Silica Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) Gram negative bacteria Gram positive bacteria Apoptotic cells Receptor recognition or nonrecognition has been shown for these molecules, either through direct binding studies or the inhibition of modified lipoprotein endocytosis.
Inhibition of Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection at Early Stages of the Replication Cycle (2006)

Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), a recently discovered member of the Coronaviridae family, has spread worldwide and is associated with acute respiratory illness in young children and elderly and immunocompromised persons. Further analysis of HCoV-NL63 pathogenicity seems warranted, in particular because the virus uses the same cellular receptor as severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. As there is currently no HCoV-NL63-specific and effective vaccine or drug therapy available, we evaluated several existing antiviral drugs and new synthetic compounds as inhibitors of HCoV-NL63, targeting multiple stages of the replication cycle. Of the 28 compounds that we tested, 6 potently inhibited HCoV-NL63 at early steps of the replication cycle. Intravenous immunoglobulins, heptad repeat 2 peptide, small interfering RNA1 (siRNA1), siRNA2, beta-D-N(4)-hydroxycytidine, and 6-azauridine showed 50% inhibitory concentrations of 125 microg/ml, 2 microM, 5 nM, 3 nM, 400 nM, and 32 nM, respectively, and low 50% cytotoxicity concentrations (>10 mg/ml, >40 microM, >200 nM, >200 nM, >100 microM, and 80 microM, respectively). These agents may be investigated further for the treatment of coronavirus infections.
Stimulation by anti-idiotype antibody of murine T cell responses to the 38 kD antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (1987)

Rabbit antisera raised against eight monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) binding to distinct mycobacterial antigens revealed individual anti-idiotype specificities following cross-absorption with normal mouse globulin. Only one of these antibodies (Rb71), directed towards an M. tuberculosis-specific epitope on the 38 kD protein antigen was able to stimulate mouse T cell responses which had 'internal image' characteristics. This was demonstrated by anti-Id induced in vitro proliferation of Lyt 1.2+ T cells and the elicitation of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) foot pad reactions in antigen stimulated BALB/c mice. The DTH reaction was equally strong in mice sensitized with either M. tuberculosis or M. bovis soluble extracts, thus showing a greater degree of cross-reactivity than antibody binding of the corresponding TB71 MoAb. The immunizing potency of the anti-Id in vivo was demonstrable in three strains of mice following injection of Rb71 emulsified with incomplete Freund's adjuvant. These mice showed 38 kD antigen induced DTH-reactions as well as in vitro proliferation of spleen cells. The display of T cell stimulatory internal image by anti-Id may be interpreted as a consequence of binding specificity of TB71 MoAb of a T cell epitope present in the 38 kD antigen.
Adherence of Lysostaphin to and Penetration into Human Monocytes (1985)

The effect of lysostaphin on Staphylococcus aureus phagocytosed by monocytes was investigated. The results showed that lysostaphin adheres to monocytes by a temperature-independent mechanism, is not adequately removed from monocytes by washing, and penetrates by means of a temperature-dependent mechanism. In in vitro assays of monocyte function, phagocytosed S. aureus can be killed by lysostaphin after penetration of the cells during incubation or by adhering lysostaphin when the monocytes are disrupted.
Frequency of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Reactivations among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Men (1998)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is common in persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In a prospective study, daily viral cultures of the mouth, genitals, and rectum were collected from 68 HIV-positive and 13 HIV-negative men who have sex with men. Subjects completed a median of 57 days of follow-up. Anogenital HSV-2 cultures were positive on 405 (9.7%) of 4167 days for HIV-positive men and on 24 (3.1%) of 766 days for HIV-negative men. Most reactivations were perirectal and subclinical. Risk factors for increased HSV-2 shedding among HIV-positive men were low CD4 cell count (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.4) and antibodies to both HSV-1 and HSV-2 versus HSV-2 only (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.7). Three isolates obtained from 3 separate subjects were resistant to acyclovir. Thus, subclinical HSV-2 reactivation is an important opportunistic infection in persons with HIV infection. Further studies are necessaryto determine the impact of subclinical HSV-2 reactivation on the natural history of HIV infection.
Kinetics of Strontium and Calcium Skeletal Metabolism in the Rat. (1967)

ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that the absolute values for the computer derived parameters of skeletal metabolism obtained with Sr tracer data do not differ significantly from those obtained with Ca. Further, the whole-body turnover of bone-fixed Sr is not significantly different from that of Ca as measured by whole-body counting. The evidence here supports the common assumption that Sr is a reliable tracer of calcium in skeletal metabolism, at least over a 40-day period.
HLA‐DA monoclonal antibodies inhibit the proliferation of normal and chronic granulocytic leukaemia myeloid progenitor cell (1982)

We studied the capacity of murine monoclonal antibodies with HLA-DR specificity to inhibit the proliferation in vitro of erythroid (BFU-E and CFU-E) and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells in normal bone marrow and the blood of patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). Two IgG2 antibodies (CA 2.06 and L243) inhibited the proliferation of normal BFU-E and CFU-GM at relatively high dilution; a third antibody, DA2, had no effect on either progenitor cell. A complement-fixing monoclonal antibody with T-cell activity (OKT3) produced only minor reduction in progenitor cel proliferation. Further studies with L243 showed that BFU-E and CFU-GM from the blood of patients with CGL were inhibited to the same degree as normal marrow progenitor cells. The inhibition of progenitor cell proliferation by a given antibody was always complement dependent and was therefore presumed to be due to a direct cytotoxic effect. The inhibitory effect of monoclonal antibodies is a valuable approach to the characterization of antigenic determinants on myeloid progenitor cells and the differential cytotoxicity of selected monoclonal antibodies might be exploitable for therapy.
Factors influencing the presence or absence of acute coronary artery thrombi in sudden ischaemic death (1989)

Sudden ischaemic death results either from an episode of acute myocardial ischaemia consequent upon coronary thrombosis or from an arrhythmia arising within a scarred left ventricle. Very different proportions of these two groups have been reported in both clinical studies in resuscitated subjects with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation, and in necropsy series. In 168 cases of sudden death due to ischaemic heart disease coming to necropsy 73 (43.5%) had mural intraluminal coronary thrombi, 50 (29.8%) had occlusive intraluminal thrombi, and 45 (26.7%) had no intraluminal thrombi, giving a ratio of 2.7:1 for those with and without coronary thrombosis. Single vessel disease, the presence of acute infarction at autopsy and prodromal symptoms were positively associated with the presence of coronary thrombosis. Conversely, the presence of old myocardial infarction at necropsy, a known clinical history of ischaemic heart disease and triple vessel disease were associated with the absence of acute thrombosis. The reported variation in the incidence of coronary thrombi in sudden ischaemic death can be largely explained by selection of subjects with those clinical characteristics which are positively or negatively associated with coronary thrombosis.
Service token for identity access management (2009)

This paper proposes a new token structure for efficient handling of identity access management for online composite software services. With the requirement of ¿Single Sign-On (SSO)¿ for atomic services in a given composite service, this token structure binds service attributes, including workflow, providers, users, operator permission, and operation environment, together in its creation process. The token can be viewed as a deciphered string produced by IDP (identity provider) and consumed by SP (service provider). The concept of conference key distribution is also used to distribute the token and to secure the transportation procedure. Furthermore, the Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is adopted to support the exchange of authentication and authorization information between SPs and IDPs. Finally, we apply our service token concept to SourceID Liberty 2.0 (an open source implementation for Liberty Alliance Project) as an illustration of its feasibility and practicability.
Use of an autonomous parvovirus vector for selective transfer of a foreign gene into transformed human cells of different tissue origins and its expression therein (1994)

In this work, we report the transduction of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene into a variety of normal and transformed human cells of various tissue origins. The vector used was MVM/P38cat, a recombinant of the prototype strain of the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVMp). The CAT gene was inserted into the capsid-encoding region of the infectious molecular clone of MVMp genome, under the control of the MVM P38 promoter. When used to transfect permissive cells, the MVM/P38cat DNA was efficiently replicated and expressed the foreign CAT gene at high levels. By cotransfecting with a helper plasmid expressing the capsid proteins, it was possible to produce mixed virus stocks containing MVM/P38cat infectious particles and variable amounts of recombinant MVM. MVM/P38cat viral particles were successfully used to transfer the CAT gene and to express it in a variety of human cells. Both viral DNA replication and P38-driven CAT expression were achieved in fibroblasts, epithelial cells, T lymphocytes, and macrophages in a transformation-dependent way, but with an efficiency depending on the cell type. In transformed B lymphocytes, however, the vector was not replicated, nor did it express the CAT gene.
An Active Approach for Charge Balancing in Functional Electrical Stimulation (2010)

Charge balancing is a major concern in functional electrical stimulation, since any excess charge accumulation over time leads to electrolysis with electrode dissolution and tissue destruction. This paper presents a new active approach for charge balancing using long-term offset regulation. Therefore, the electrode voltage is briefly monitored after each stimulation cycle and checked if it remains within a predefined voltage range. If not, an offset current is adjusted in order to track the biphasic current mismatch in upcoming stimulations. This technique is compared to a previously introduced active charge balancer as well as commonly used passive balancing techniques. Subsequently, the techniques are verified through experiments on a platinum black electrode in 0.9% saline solution.
Performance of a wide-field flux delivery system for synchrotron x-ray lithography (1993)

An x-ray flux delivery system consisting of a compact storage ring and dedicated beamlines is now in routine use in the IBM Advanced Lithography Facility in East Fishkill, New York. The beamlines have been designed for use with a stepper that scans the mask and wafer vertically through a stationary beam. The performance of the system from a lithographic standpoint is reported. The measured size and stability of the synchrotron x-ray source will be presented, and the design and performance of the beamlines will be discussed. The beamlines have been designed to provide high intensity, uniform illumination over a wide field. The overall performance of the system has been evaluated by measuring the flux at the mask plane in the stepper. A horizontal uniformity of better than ±2% over a field more than 50 mm wide has been achieved; the vertical uniformity is limited by the uniformity of the stepper scanning mechanism. The delivered mask-incident flux per milliampere of stored beam current has been found to be 1.5 mW/(mA cm), approximately four times greater than obtained with a simple planar mirror. A 100 mJ/cm2 resist with a mask transmission of 50% therefore requires a less than 2 s exposure (plus overscan overhead) for a 2.5 cm high field at a typical stored current of 200 mA, independent of the field width (up to the maximum of more than 50 mm). In addition, the source has proved itself to be highly reliable, with beam available for 99% of the scheduled time over the most recent seven month period.
Functional Expression of Mouse Relaxin and Mouse Relaxin-3 in the Lung from an Ebola Virus Glycoprotein-Pseudotyped Lentivirus via Tracheal Delivery (2006)

The peptide hormone relaxin is a known modulator of connective tissue and the extracellular matrix by virtue of its ability to regulate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Relaxin knockout mice exhibit age-related pulmonary fibrosis, and delivery of recombinant human H2 relaxin ameliorates fibrotic-like conditions in the mouse lung. We investigated whether lentiviral vectors (LVs) engineering the expression of murine relaxins could induce MMP activity in the mouse lung. Mouse relaxin and mouse relaxin-3 peptides engineered by recombinant LVs were biologically active as shown by stimulation of cAMP from both THP-1 and 293T cells stably expressing relaxin receptor LGR7 and by up-regulation of MMP-2 activity from primary C57BL/6 lung cell cultures. To provide the virions with enhanced tropism for the lung, LVs were pseudotyped with the Zaire strain of the Ebola virus glycoprotein (EboZ GP) and delivered by endotracheal intubation. LVs engineering luciferase pseudotyped with EboZ GP, but not with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein resulted in successful LV transduction and transgene expression in C57BL/6 mouse lung by as early as d 4. Mice treated via tracheal delivery with EboZ GP pseudotyped LVs that engineered expression of mouse relaxins exhibited increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in lung tissue up until the end of our study at d 21. Taken together, this study provides proof-of- principle that relaxin gene expression targeted to the mouse lungs can result in enhanced MMP activity offering potential for alleviating disease conditions characterized by dysregulation of extracellular matrix protein accumulation.
A natural killer cell granule protein that induces DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. (1992)

We report the purification from a rat natural killer (RNK) large granular lymphocyte leukemia of a 32-kD granule protein that induces rapid DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. The protein, which we have called "fragmentin," was capable of causing DNA from intact YAC-1 cells to be cleaved into oligonucleosomal-sized fragments and producing severe chromatin condensation within 1 h. Amino acid sequence of tryptic peptides indicated that fragmentin was highly homologous to the NK and T cell granule serine proteases RNK protease 1 and mouse cytotoxic T cell protease I (CCPI)/granzyme B. Preincubation with the serine esterase inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin blocked fragmentin-induced DNA damage, but had no effect on cytolysin. Fragmentin activity against four lymphoma target cells was completely dependent on the presence of cytolysin. Fragmentin produced rapid membrane damage as well as DNA fragmentation at nonlytic cytolysin doses, suggesting that fragmentin activity was not limited to its effects on the nucleus. Fragmentin and cytolysin activity were completely inhibited by EGTA, indicating the process was Ca2+ dependent. A role for cytolysin in endocytosis of fragmentin was suggested by the observation that treatment of YAC-1 with cytochalasin B or sodium azide and 2-deoxyglucose blocked DNA fragmentation but not cytolysin activity. A 30-kD N alpha-CBZ-L-lysine thiobenzyl esterase, which copurified with fragmentin, was inactive on its own but was able to synergistically amplify the DNA damage induced by fragmentin in the presence of cytolysin. Fragmentin activity was not dependent on protein synthesis, as cycloheximide treatment of YAC-1 cells did not prevent DNA damage. We postulate that fragmentin is the molecular mediator of NK cell-mediated DNA fragmentation and apoptosis.
Noninvasive Detection of Acute and Chronic Injuries in Human Renal Transplant by Elevation of Multiple Cytokines/Chemokines in Urine (2009)

These results might indicate that the present multiplex assay provides a basis to establish a noninvasive method for the diagnosis and monitoring of renal transplant injury.
Technique and Technology of Whole-Body Cryotherapy (WBC) (2019)

Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is a highly effective treatment method of a number of serious diseases. The therapeutic effect of WBC is achieved by stimulating cold receptors of the patient’s skin, which provide supercooling of the skin surface to the level of −2°C. To achieve such a temperature of the skin surface, it is necessary to ensure heat removal with intensity not less than 3500 W/m2. Such a heat flux can remove gas with the temperature not higher than −130°C. Procedures lasting less than 2 minutes do not form therapeutic effect. Procedures lasting more than 3 minutes are dangerous for the patient’s health. WBC procedures are carried out in single- and multi-seat devices. Due to the compact placement of the patient in the WBC area, the share of useful heat load on the cryostatting system is up to 70%. In multi-seat installations, the useful heat load share is not more than 50%. During the WBC procedure, consumption of liquid nitrogen per patient is 3.77 kg. For the effective use of WBC technology, it is necessary to determine the general requirements for the power of cooling systems and the temperature of cryostatting of the WBC area.
Endogenous active efflux of norfloxacin in susceptible Escherichia coli (1988)

Escherichia coli was shown to have an energy-dependent reduced uptake of the fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent norfloxacin. Studies of everted inner membrane vesicles suggested that this reduced accumulation involved a carrier-mediated norfloxacin active efflux generated by proton motive force with an apparent Km of 0.2 mM and a Vmax of 3 nmol min-1 mg of protein-1. Other hydrophilic, but not hydrophobic, quinolones competed with norfloxacin for transport. Porin (OmpF)-deficient E. coli cells were twofold less susceptible to norfloxacin and showed twice as much energy-dependent reduction in drug uptake. However, active efflux assayed in everted vesicles from the OmpF strain was unchanged compared with that in the parental strain. These findings suggest that in the OmpF mutant decreased outer membrane permeability, combined with active efflux across the inner membrane, in some manner results in decreased steady-state uptake of norfloxacin and lowered drug susceptibility.
The Imidazoquinoline Toll-Like Receptor-7/8 Agonist Hybrid-2 Potently Induces Cytokine Production by Human Newborn and Adult Leukocytes (2015)

Hybrid-2 is a selective and potent TLR7/8 agonist that is a candidate adjuvant for early life immunization.
The [1 + 4] cycloaddition of isocyanides with 1-aryl-2-nitro-1-propenes. Methyl 2-nitro-3-arylpropenoates and methyl 2-nitro-2,4-pentadienoates. Synthesis of 1-hydroxyindoles and 1-hydroxypyrroles (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe [1 + 4] cycloaddition of isocyanides with 1-aryl-2-nitro-1-propenes. Methyl 2-nitro-3-arylpropenoates and methyl 2-nitro-2,4-pentadienoates. Synthesis of 1-hydroxyindoles and 1-hydroxypyrrolesAndre Foucaud, Claudia Razorilalana-Rabearivony, Emile Loukakou, and Herve PersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 21, 3639–3644Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00169a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views473Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (778 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Reinforced Cellular Carbon Matrix–MgO Composites for High Temperature Applications: Microstructural Aspects and Colloidal Processing (2011)

Abstract The main potential of functionalized cellular carbon refractories is the considerable variation range of cell dimensions, cell geometries, i.e. spatial arrangement of interconnected carbon strut networks, as well as cell compositions, i.e. layered or multilayered cell conformations. In order to achieve this last goal, it will have to provide available post‐processing procedures to upgrade cellular carbon matrices for specific functions, i.e. tailored moduli of elasticity, thermal shock resistance, that cannot be technically or economically provided by conventional low carbon MgO–C refractories. Here we report different colloidal synthetic processing routes for tailoring reinforced cellular and reticulated glassy carbon structures in the macro‐, meso‐, and microscale, which then gives rise to very high thermal shock resistance characteristics. The cellular interconnected glassy carbon network is processed by replication of PU foams with phenolic resins and subsequent carbonization in inert atmospheres. In order to improve the water‐wettability of tailored glassy carbon cellular matrices and to ease the subsequent infiltration of aqueous MgO suspensions into open porous, cellular carbon structures a low cost YSZ, and SiC coating concept is proposed using an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method and subsequent sintering in order to achieve the reinforcement of carbon phase, respectively. These as‐received wettable and reinforced coatings and functional layers on the interconnected cellular glassy carbon network are able to reliably allow the infiltration of aqueous MgO suspensions to build up low carbon functional C/SiC‐ as well as C/YSZ–MgO refractories with designed and controlled thermo‐mechanical properties.
Manipulation of FASTQ data with Galaxy (2010)

This open-source toolset was implemented in Python and has been integrated into the online data analysis platform Galaxy (public web access: http://usegalaxy.org; download: http://getgalaxy.org). Two short movies that highlight the functionality of tools described in this manuscript as well as results from testing components of this tool suite against a set of previously published files are available at http://usegalaxy.org/u/dan/p/fastq