gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Ophthalmic applications of laser-generated ultrasound</title> (2000)

Laser-generated ultrasound has found a number of niche applications in non-destructive testing and evaluation and there is now a growing trend to examine potential applications for materials characterization in medicine. Conventional ultrasound techniques for measuring various important dimensions within the eye are in extensive use. However, one problem remains outstanding, which is that the dimensions of the cornea, anterior chamber and lens can be measured using a high frequency, high resolution transducer, but the dimensions of the overall eyeball (i.e., cornea to retina) have to be measured with a lower frequency transducer in order to achieve the necessary penetration. We have conducted a number of in vitro studies using bovine eyes to determine whether the use of laser induced ultrasound would be able to overcome the aforementioned problem. The results of these measurements will be presented, together with a discussion of the many difficulties that remain to be overcome. In addition, our studies involve the potential use of laser ultrasound to quantify the degree of cataract formation, both primary and secondary. This paper will also consider the work accomplished to data in this area.
Neuropeptide Gene Families in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegansa (1999)

Neuropeptides have diverse roles in the function and development of the nervous system. With the completion of the sequencing of the C. elegans genome, rapid identification of nematode neuropeptide genes is possible. To date, 41 C. elegans neuropeptide genes have been identified. Of these genes, 20 genes, named flp (FMRFamide-like peptide) genes, encode FMRFamide-related proteins (FaRPs). Deletion of one of the flp genes, flp-1, results in several behavioral defects, suggesting that at least one flp gene is not functionally redundant with other flp genes. Twenty-one genes, named neuropeptide-like protein (nlp) genes, encode peptides distinct from the FaRP family. The predicted nlp-1 and nlp-2 neuropeptides have modest similarity to buccalin and myomodulin, respectively. Cellular expression patterns and genetic analysis of flp and nlp genes suggest that neuropeptides in nematodes also have widespread and varied roles in nervous system function.
NF-κB RelA Phosphorylation Regulates RelA Acetylation (2005)

The nuclear functions of NF-kappaB p50/RelA heterodimers are regulated in part by posttranslational modifications of its RelA subunit, including phosphorylation and acetylation. Acetylation at lysines 218, 221, and 310 differentially regulates RelA's DNA binding activity, assembly with IkappaBalpha, and transcriptional activity. However, it remains unclear whether the acetylation is regulated or simply due to stimulus-coupled nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. Using anti-acetylated lysine 310 RelA antibodies, we detected p300-mediated acetylation of RelA in vitro and in vivo after stimulation of cells with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Coexpression of catalytically inactive mutants of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A/mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 or IKK1/IKK2, which phosphorylate RelA on serine 276 or serine 536, respectively, sharply inhibited RelA acetylation on lysine 310. Furthermore, phosphorylation of RelA on serine 276 or serine 536 increased assembly of phospho-RelA with p300, which enhanced acetylation on lysine 310. Reconstitution of RelA-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts with RelA S276A or RelA S536A decreased TNF-alpha-induced acetylation of lysine 310 and expression of the endogenous NF-kappaB-responsive E-selectin gene. These findings indicate that the acetylation of RelA at lysine 310 is importantly regulated by prior phosphorylation of serines 276 and 536. Such phosphorylated and acetylated forms of RelA display enhanced transcriptional activity.
Intraepithelial CD8-positive T lymphocytes predict survival for patients with serous stage III ovarian carcinomas: relevance of clonal selection of T lymphocytes (2009)

Improved survival of ovarian cancer patients is related to the infiltration, clonal selection and intraepithelial persistence of T lymphocytes.
The fdxA Ferredoxin Gene Can Down-Regulate frxA Nitroreductase Gene Expression and Is Essential in Many Strains of Helicobacter pylori (2003)

Very few examples of metabolic regulation are known in the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. An unanticipated case was suggested, however, upon finding two types of metronidazole (Mtz)-susceptible strains: type I, in which frxA (which encodes a nitroreductase that contributes to Mtz susceptibility) is quiescent, and type II, in which frxA is well expressed. Here we report that inactivation of the fdxA ferredoxin gene (hp277) in type I strains resulted in high-level frxA expression (in effect, making them type II). However, fdxA null derivatives were obtained from only 6 of 32 type I strains tested that were readily transformed with an frxA::aphA marker. This suggested that fdxA is often essential. This essentiality was overcome in 4 of 20 strains by inactivating frxA, which suggested both that frxA overexpression is potentially deleterious and also that fdxA has additional, often vital roles. With type II strains, in contrast, fdxA null derivatives were obtained in 20 of 23 cases tested. Thus, fdxA is dispensable in most strains that normally exhibit (and tolerate) strong frxA expression. We propose that restraint of frxA expression helps maintain balanced metabolic networks in most type I strains, that other homeostatic mechanisms predominate in type II strains, and that these complex results constitute a phenotypic manifestation of H. pylori's great genetic diversity.
High expression levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitorDEPTORare predictive of response to thalidomide in myeloma (2010)

Kevin D. Boyda, Brian A. Walkera, Christopher P. Wardella, Fiona M. Rossb, Walter M. Gregoryc, Faith E. Daviesa & Gareth J. Morgan*aa Section of Haemato-oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UKb Leukaemia Research Fund UK Myeloma Forum Cytogenetics Group, Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury, UKc Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
Photo-reversible Pb2+-complexation of thermosensitive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-spiropyran acrylate) in water (2004)

Photo-reversible Pb2+-complexation in a purely aqueous environment exhibiting a thermosensitive phase transition at a lower critical solution temperature was achieved using a synthetic copolymer composed of N-isopropyl acrylamide and spiropyran acrylate.
Treatment of Lactic Acidosis with Dichloroacetate (1983)

We administered dichloroacetate, which prevents or reverses hyperlactatemia in animals and lowers plasma lactate levels in human beings, to 13 patients with lactic acidosis of various causes. All had hypotension, and their acidemia had resisted treatment with sodium bicarbonate. The metabolic effects of dichloroacetate were evaluated in 11 patients. In seven dichloroacetate significantly reduced the level of arterial blood lactate (P less than 0.005) from the base-line value and raised the levels of arterial blood bicarbonate (P less than 0.02) and arterial pH (P less than 0.005). In six of these seven, the acidemia resolved completely with therapy. In 10 of the 13 patients systolic blood pressure increased by 10 to 40 mm Hg, and 4 patients had a 21 per cent increase in cardiac output (P less than 0.02). Despite improvement in their lactic acidemia, all patients but one died of their underlying disease. No serious drug-related toxicity occurred. We conclude that dichloroacetate is a safe and effective adjunct in the treatment of patients with lactic acidosis, although the ultimate prognosis may depend on the underlying disease.
Falcipain Inhibitors: Optimization Studies of the 2-Pyrimidinecarbonitrile Lead Series (2010)

Falcipain-2 and falcipain-3 are papain-family cysteine proteases of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum that are responsible for host hemoglobin hydrolysis to provide amino acids for parasite protein synthesis. Different heteroarylnitrile derivatives were studied as potential falcipain inhibitors and therefore potential antiparasitic lead compounds, with the 5-substituted-2-cyanopyrimidine chemical class emerging as the most potent and promising lead series. Through a sequential lead optimization process considering the different positions present in the initial scaffold, nanomolar and subnanomolar inhibitors at falcipains 2 and 3 were identified, with activity against cultured parasites in the micromolar range. Introduction of protonable amines within lead molecules led to marked improvements of up to 1000 times in activity against cultured parasites without noteworthy alterations in other SAR tendencies. Optimized compounds presented enzymatic activities in the picomolar to low nanomolar range and antiparasitic activities in the low nanomolar range.
Photostabilization of doxorubicin hydrochloride with radioprotective and photoprotective agents: potential mechanism for enhancing chemotherapy during radiotherapy. (1990)

p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA), urocanic acid, and sodium urate were found to significantly enhance the photostability of doxorubicin hydrochloride [adriamycin, (ADR)]. d1-Methionine, thiourea, and glycine also increased the photostability of this drug, but to a lesser degree. Sodium thiosulfate on the other hand, was found to be detrimental to the photostability of ADR. The photostabilizing effect of PABA was found to increase with increase of its concentration and was influenced by the pH and the buffer species of the vehicle. The findings would have an impact on the enhancement of therapeutic efficacy of adriamycin when administered during radiation therapy.
Two-Photon Photopolymerization of Functional Micro-Devices. (2002)

The current trend in two-photon laser micro-nano fabrication is device functionalization. In this paper, we report two kinds of functional devices, i.e., optically active microstructures produced by dye-doping photopolymerization and mechanically workable micro-oscillators driven by the laser trapping force. These works would open the door to two-photon production of various practical three-dimensional polymer optoelectronic/photonic devices and microelectromechanical system (MEMS).
Possibilities of dynamic headspace analysis coupled with capillary GC for the investigation of solid samples (1986)

Abstract The advantages of the dynamic headspace method for the analysis of solid samples, as compared with the static head space method, are discussed. Examples of dynamic headspace analyses are given to illustrate its possibilities.
Expression of the mucosal lymphocyte integrin aEß7and its ligand E-cadherin in salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (1998)

The expression of the mucosal lymphocyte integrin alphaEbeta7 and its ligand E-cadherin was analyzed in sialadenitic lesions of patients with Sjögren's syndrome in order to assess the potential interactions between the mucosal and the systemic immunological compartments. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the inflammatory infiltrates in the salivary gland tissues in Sjögren's syndrome patients revealed presence of alphaEbeta7-integrin-expressing lymphocytes, in 18 of 20 biopsies examined. The ligand for alphaEbeta7, E-cadherin was also found in 18 of 20 salivary gland biopsies analysed. These results suggest homing of lymphocytes derived from the gut epithelium through the blood stream to inflamed salivary gland tissue followed by in situ interaction with E-cadherin expressing cells, the ligand for alphaEbeta7 expressing T lymphocytes.
Enzymic synthesis of unusual sugars: galactose oxidase-catalyzed stereospecific oxidation of polyols (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymic synthesis of unusual sugars: galactose oxidase-catalyzed stereospecific oxidation of polyolsRobert L. Root, J. Robert Durrwachter, and Chi Huey WongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 10, 2997–2999Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00296a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00296a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views452Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Seeing Your Face Is Not Enough (2015)

Leveraging built-in cameras on smartphones and tablets, face authentication provides an attractive alternative of legacy passwords due to its memory-less authentication process. However, it has an intrinsic vulnerability against the media-based facial forgery (MFF) where adversaries use photos/videos containing victims' faces to circumvent face authentication systems. In this paper, we propose FaceLive, a practical and robust liveness detection mechanism to strengthen the face authentication on mobile devices in fighting the MFF-based attacks. FaceLive detects the MFF-based attacks by measuring the consistency between device movement data from the inertial sensors and the head pose changes from the facial video captured by built-in camera. FaceLive is practical in the sense that it does not require any additional hardware but a generic front-facing camera, an accelerometer, and a gyroscope, which are pervasively available on today's mobile devices. FaceLive is robust to complex lighting conditions, which may introduce illuminations and lead to low accuracy in detecting important facial landmarks; it is also robust to a range of cumulative errors in detecting head pose changes during face authentication.
Requirement of toll‐like receptor 7 for pristane‐induced production of autoantibodies and development of murine lupus nephritis (2008)

TLR-7 is specifically required for the production of RNA-reactive autoantibodies and the development of glomerulonephritis in pristane-induced murine lupus, a model of environmentally triggered SLE in the absence of genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity. Specific interference with TLR-7 activation by endogenous TLR-7 ligands may therefore be a promising novel strategy for the treatment of SLE.
Hydrophobic, Non-Hydrogen-Bonding Bases and Base Pairs in DNA (1995)

We report the properties of hydrophobic isosteres of pyrimidines and purines in synthetic DNA duplexes. Phenyl nucleosides 1 and 2 are nonpolar isosteres of the natural thymidine nucleoside, and indole nucleoside 3 is an analog of the complementary purine 2-aminodeoxyadenosine. The nucleosides were incorporated into synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides and were paired against each other and against the natural bases. Thermal denaturation experiments were used to measure the stabilities of the duplexes at neutral pH. It is found that the hydrophobic base analogs are nonselective in pairing with the four natural bases but selective for pairing with each other rather than with the natural bases. For example, compound 2 selectively pairs with itself rather than with A, T, G, or C; the magnitude of this selectivity is found to be 6.5-9.3 °C in Tm or 1.5-1.8 kcal/mol in free energy (25 °C). All possible hydrophobic pairing combinations of 1, 2, and 3 were examined. Results show that the pairing affinity depends on the nature of the pairs and on position in the duplex. The highest affinity pairs are found to be the 1-1 and 2-2 self-pairs and the 1-2 heteropair. The best stabilization occurs when the pairs are placed at the ends of duplexes rather than internally; the internal pairs may be destabilized by imperfect steric mimicry which leads to non-ideal duplex structure. In some cases the hydrophobic pairs are significantly stabilizing to the DNA duplex; for example, when situated at the end of a duplex, the 1-1 pair is more stabilizing than a T-A pair. When situated internally, the affinity of the 1-1 pair is the same as, or slightly better than, the analogous T-T mismatch pair, which is known to have two hydrogen bonds. The studies raise the possibility that hydrogen bonds may not always be required for the formation of stable duplex DNA-like structure. In addition, the results point out the importance of solvation and desolvation in natural base pairing, and lend new support to the idea that hydrogen bonds in DNA may be more important for specificity of pairing than for affinity. Finally, the study raises the possibility of using these or related base pairs to expand the genetic code beyond the natural A-T and G-C pairs.
Aluminum‐ and Calcium‐Binding Affinities of Some Organic Ligands in Acidic Conditions (1990)

Abstract The Al‐ and Ca‐binding affinities of organic ligands containing carboxylic and/or phenolic groups were studied at pH 4.5, using an ion‐pairing chromatographic technique. The ligands were loaded individually in an anion exchange column and were eluted with a solution containing the pairing ion (Al or Ca). Retention data thus obtained were normalized using data from a NaCl elution (i.e., without the pairing ion) and were used as a measure of binding affinity. At pH 4.5, the Al‐binding affinity of the following combinations of α , β ‐ substituent groups was found to decrease in the order: . The Ca‐binding affinity, on the other hand, showed a different order: . The binding of Al to ligands containing the important group combinations is responsible for the more effective Al mobilization in the environment, the extent of Al availability in biological systems and the interference of Al on Fe and Ca.
Cloning and characterization of porcine NOBOX gene. (2009)

Newborn ovary homeobox gene (NOBOX) is an oocyte-specific homeobox gene that plays a critical role in early folliculogenesis and represents a candidate gene for nonsyndromic ovarian failure. We used in silico approach in combination with rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) to clone the full-length cDNA of NOBOX (GenBank Accession No. FJ587509) from porcine oocytes. It contains 1768 bp nucleotides, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1419 bp. The putative porcine NOBOX gene encodes 472 amino acids with the molecular weight of 51.08 kD and pI of 5.73. Bioinformatics prediction indicates that this protein contains a cd00086 homeodomain. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the NOBOX gene is expressed in various tissues, oocytes and embryos cells (4-cell, 8-cell, morula and blastocyst) at different expression levels. The expression levels of this gene in heart, kidney and oocytes are higher than that in other tissues, which suggested that the NOBOX protein might play an important role in those tissues. The expression of NOBOX in developmental stages is higher than that in GV-stage oocytes, which suggested that the expression of pNOBOX was enhanced in developmental stages.
The fimbrial gene cluster of Haemophilus influenzae type b (1994)

Haemophilus influenzae infections are preceded by airway colonization, a process facilitated by fimbriae. Here, we identified the complete fimbrial gene cluster of H. influenzae type b. HifA forms the major subunit. HifB, a periplasmic chaperone, and HifC, an outer membrane usher, are typical assembly genes; their inactivation abolished fimbriae formation. HifD and HifE are putative minor subunits, both participating in fimbriae biogenesis. Inactivation of either one drastically reduced fimbriae expression. HifD represents a novel type of fimbrial subunit with lipoprotein characteristics, pointing to a membrane-associated function of HifD. Transcription of all fimbrial genes is coregulated through two clustered promoters. The flanking of the fimbrial gene cluster by repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences together with a partial duplication of an adjacent unrelated operon indicated that the cluster was once inserted in the H. influenzae genome as a mobile virulence unit.
DNA Methylation Alterations in the Pancreatic Juice of Patients with Suspected Pancreatic Disease (2006)

Molecular markers of pancreatic neoplasia could aid in the evaluation of visible pancreatic lesions and indicate neoplasia invisible to imaging. We evaluated methylation-specific PCR (MSP) assays that detect aberrantly methylated DNA for their use as markers of pancreatic neoplasia. Methylation analysis was done on pancreatic juice collected endoscopically or surgically from 155 individuals with suspected pancreatic disease: 56 patients had pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 17 had intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, 26 had symptomatic chronic pancreatitis, 12 controls lacked evidence of pancreatic disease, and 44 were asymptomatic individuals at increased risk of developing familial pancreatic cancer undergoing screening for pancreatic neoplasia. Pancreatic juice DNA was analyzed for promoter methylation using conventional MSP assays for 17 genes. For six genes, pancreatic juice methylation was quantified using real-time quantitative MSP (QMSP; Cyclin D2, FOXE1, NPTX2, ppENK, p16, and TFPI2). Quantifying pancreatic juice methylation using QMSP with a cutoff of >1% methylated DNA could better predict pancreatic cancer than detecting methylation using conventional MSP. In the endoscopic group, 9 of 11 patients with pancreatic cancer, but none of 64 individuals without neoplasia had > or =1% methylation for two or more of the best five QMSP assays (82% sensitivity and 100% specificity; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of pancreatic juice methylation in patients with chronic pancreatitis was less than in patients with pancreatic cancer but higher than in controls and similar to high-risk individuals. The detection and quantification of aberrantly methylated DNA in pancreatic juice is a promising approach to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Left vagus nerve stimulation suppresses experimentally induced pain (2000)

Vagus nerve stimulation is effective in reducing pain in humans. In humans, the antinociceptive effect might rely on central inhibition rather than alterations of peripheral nociceptive mechanisms. These results indicate a promising, potential future role of vagus nerve stimulation in pain treatment.