gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Oral Insulin in Relatives of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (2005)

It is possible to identify individuals at high risk for type 1 diabetes and to enroll them in a large, multisite, randomized, controlled clinical trial. However, oral insulin did not delay or prevent type 1 diabetes. Further studies are needed to explore the potential role of oral insulin in delaying diabetes in relatives similar to those in the subgroup with higher IAA levels.
Identification of transferred DNA insertions within Arabidopsis genes involved in signal transduction and ion transport. (1996)

The transferred DNA (T-DNA) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens serves as an insertional mutagen once integrated into a host plant's genome. As a means of facilitating reverse genetic analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana, we have developed a method that allows one to search for plants carrying F-DNA insertions within any sequenced Arabidopsis gene. Using PCR, we screened a collection of 9100 independent T-DNA-transformed Arabidopsis lines and found 17 T-DNA insertions within the 63 genes analyzed. The genes surveyed include members of various gene families involved in signal transduction and ion transport. As an example, data are shown for a T-DNA insertion that was found within CPK-9, a member of the gene family encoding calmodulin-domain protein kinases.
ENDOCRINE CHANGES AND SYMPTOMATOLOGY AFTER OOPHORECTOMY IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN (1977)

The symptomatic and endocrine changes following hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy have been studied in 100 patients, 1 to 31 years after surgery. The most frequent symptoms at the time of interview were depression (62 patients), insomnia (48 patients), loss of libido (46 patients) and dyspareunia (38 patients). Vasomotor symptoms were recorded in 28 patients. Although 94 patients claimed that hot flushes were the first symptomatic changes noticed, 60 had complete relief from these symptoms within 6 months of surgery; 34 patients had no symptoms and only 4 patients were taking oestrogen therapy at the time of interview. Plasma oestradiol and testosterone levels were 78 per cent and 27 per cent respectively below the mean values of day 1 to 10 of the menstrual cycle, similar to those found at comparable years after a normal menopause. The plasma FSH level was about 14 times and the plasma LH level about twice the respective preoperative value. Unlike after the normal menopause, these gonadotrophin levels did not show any decline with increasing age. There was no correlation between plasma hormone levels and the presence of vasomotor symptoms or depression.
Interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mediate rapid phosphorylation and activation of cytosolic c-raf. (1990)

Interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induce the rapid phosphorylation of the c-raf protein in the growth factor-dependent FDC-P1 and DA-3 murine myeloid cell lines. Furthermore, immunoprecipitates of c-raf isolated from growth factor-stimulated cells demonstrate a marked increase in intrinsic protein kinase activity as measured in vitro. IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induce phosphorylation of c-raf at both serine and tyrosine residues. Antiphosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates from IL-3-stimulated cells demonstrate the rapid and coordinate phosphorylation of both c-raf and a protein co-migrating with the 140-kDa putative IL-3 receptor component. Collectively, the findings of rapid and coordinate ligand-induced phosphorylation of a potential IL-3 growth factor receptor component and cytoplasmic c-raf with concomitant c-raf activation provide a cogent sequential molecular model for linking external growth stimuli to intracellular signal transduction events.
Label-Free Enrichment of Functional Cardiomyocytes Using Microfluidic Deterministic Lateral Flow Displacement (2012)

Progress in cardiac cell replacement therapies and tissue engineering critically depends on our ability to isolate functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) from heterogeneous cell mixtures. Label-free enrichment of cardiomyocytes is desirable for future clinical application of cell based products. Taking advantage of the physical properties of CMs, a microfluidic system was designed to separate CMs from neonatal rat heart tissue digest based on size using the principles of deterministic lateral displacement (DLD). For the first time, we demonstrate enrichment of functional CMs up to 91 ± 2.4% directly from the digested heart tissue without any pre-treatment or labeling. Enriched cardiomyocytes remained viable after sorting and formed contractile cardiac patches in 3-dimensional culture. The broad significance of this work lies in demonstrating functional cell enrichment from the primary tissue digest leading directly to the creation of the engineered tissue.
Update in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2007 (2008)

There is intense scientific and clinical interest in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is reflected in the increasing number of articles in scientific journals on this topic. There have been advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and assessment and in the applications of current treatments in COPD, but not in the development of new treatments for COPD, particularly those that might retard or reverse its progression.
Kinetics and In Vivo Induction of Genetic Variation of vlsE in Borrelia burgdorferi (1998)

The Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi, is able to persistently infect humans and animals for months or years in the presence of an active immune response. It is not known how the organisms survive immune attack in the mammalian host. vlsE, a gene localized near one end of linear plasmid lp28-1 and encoding a surface-exposed lipoprotein in B. burgdorferi B31, was shown recently to undergo extensive genetic and antigenic variation within 28 days of initial infection in C3H/HeN mice. In this study, we examined the kinetics of vlsE sequence variation in C3H/HeN mice at 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and at 7 and 12 months postinfection. Sequence changes were detected by PCR amplification and sequence analysis as early as 4 days postinfection and accumulated progressively in both C3H/HeN and CB-17 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice throughout the course of infection. The sequence changes were consistent with sequential recombination of segments from multiple silent vls cassette sites into the vlsE expression site. No vlsE sequence changes were detected in organisms cultured in vitro for up to 84 days. These results indicate that vlsE recombination is induced by a factor(s) present in the mammalian host, independent of adaptive immune responses. The possible inducing conditions appear to be present in various tissue sites because isolates from multiple tissues showed similar degrees of sequence variation. The rate of accumulation of predicted amino acid changes was higher in the immunologically intact C3H/HeN mice than in SCID mice, a finding consistent with immune selection of VlsE variants.
Cell-surface antigens associated with recombinant mink cell focus-inducing murine leukemia viruses. (1979)

Distinct type-specific antigens were detected on cells infected with cloned mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) murine leukemia viruses by means of cell surface immunofluorescence absorption assays with rabbit antisera raised against naturally-occurring AKR MCF viruses. The MCF type-specific antibodies were present in high titer and not absorbable by cells infected with ecotropic, xenotropic, or wild mouse amphotropic murine leukemia viruses, or combinations of ecotropic and xenotropic viruses. Three MCF subtype-specific reactions were identified. One subspecificity (operationally designated MCFA-1) defined antigenic determinant(s) distributed among MCF viruses in general. Another (MCFA-2) specified determinant(s) induced by all naturally occurring MCF isolates not of Friend or Moloney origin. A third subspecificity (MCFA-3) was induced by some MCF isolates, and not by others; the presence of this antigen did not correlate with the source of any presently known biological property of the viruses. In addition, type-specific antigenic determinants of ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses were expressed on MCF virus-infected cells. The serological profile of MCF viruses thus supports the contention that they are env gene recombinants between ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses. However, new, distinct MCF-specific determinants are also generated, and these could be useful markers in studying MCF viruses.
Scintigraphic measurement of ileocaecal transit in irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation. (1995)

This study investigated the hypothesis that some features of functional gastrointestinal disorders may be associated with abnormalities of ileocaecal transit by measuring ileocaecal transit using a scintigraphic technique in 43 patients with chronic constipation, 20 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and 18 control subjects. Subjects ingested enteric coated capsules, which delivered 111-indium radionuclide to the distal ileum. Gammacamera images were acquired at hourly intervals until caecal filling was complete. Ileocaecal transit was defined as the time between peak scintigraphic activity in the terminal ileum and peak activity in the caecum. The mean (SD) ileocaecal transit of 103 (50) minutes in patients with IBS was significantly faster than that in control subjects (mean (SD) ileocaecal transit 174 (78) minutes, p < 0.002). There were no significant differences in ileocaecal transit between patients with chronic idiopathic constipation and the control subjects, or between patients with constipation predominant and diarrhoea predominant IBS. This study developed a practical scintigraphic method of measuring ileocaecal transit. The rapid ileocaecal transit in both the constipation and diarrhoea predominant forms of IBS suggests that bloating may not after all result from delayed ileal emptying.
Flexibility of Melting Temperature Assay for Rapid Detection of Insertions, Deletions, and Single-Point Mutations of the AGXT Gene Responsible for Type 1 Primary Hyperoxaluria (2000)

Nine PH1 patients, whose mutations had first been analyzed by the single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique and then by sequencing of abnormal mobility bands of four AGXT exons (5), were studied comparatively by the melting temperature assay (MTA).
Ionizing radiation induces expression of interleukin 6 by human fibroblasts involving activation of nuclear factor-kappa B. (1993)

We here report that human lung fibroblasts respond to x-ray treatment (XRT) with release of interleukin (IL)-6. Synthesis of IL-6 upon ionizing radiation is preceded by an increase of IL-6 transcript levels resulting from transcriptional activation of the IL-6 gene. Analysis of deleted fragments of the IL-6 promoter indicated that transcriptional activation of the IL-6 promoter was due to enhanced binding activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B. Although AP-1 did not participate in the rapid induction of the IL-6 promoter, its binding activity was also enhanced by XRT. In contrast to binding kinetics observed with NF-kappa B, AP-1 binding following XRT was biphasic with the second peak being dependent on de novo protein synthesis. In contrast, however, NF-IL-6 activity was not enhanced by XRT in fibroblasts. The introduction of both the NF-kappa B- and the AP-1 recognition sequence conferred inducibility by XRT to a heterologous promoter, with reporter gene activity being maximal 24 or 48 h following XRT, respectively. Sequential activation of two distinct transcription factors might thus contribute to synchronize transcriptional activation of different genes participating in the x-ray response.
Preparation and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Dispersed in Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPreparation and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Dispersed in Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)Nancy N. Kariuki, Li Han, Nam K. Ly, Melissa J. Patterson, Mathew M. Maye, Guojun Liu, and Chuan-Jian ZhongView Author Information Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902 Cite this: Langmuir 2002, 18, 21, 8255–8259Publication Date (Web):September 19, 2002Publication History Received24 May 2002Revised30 July 2002Published online19 September 2002Published inissue 1 October 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la0259860https://doi.org/10.1021/la0259860brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views523Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Gold,Metal nanoparticles,Nanoparticles,Polymers,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Zebrafish Behavioral Profiling Links Drugs to Biological Targets and Rest/Wake Regulation (2010)

A major obstacle for the discovery of psychoactive drugs is the inability to predict how small molecules will alter complex behaviors. We report the development and application of a high-throughput, quantitative screen for drugs that alter the behavior of larval zebrafish. We found that the multidimensional nature of observed phenotypes enabled the hierarchical clustering of molecules according to shared behaviors. Behavioral profiling revealed conserved functions of psychotropic molecules and predicted the mechanisms of action of poorly characterized compounds. In addition, behavioral profiling implicated new factors such as ether-a-go-go-related gene (ERG) potassium channels and immunomodulators in the control of rest and locomotor activity. These results demonstrate the power of high-throughput behavioral profiling in zebrafish to discover and characterize psychotropic drugs and to dissect the pharmacology of complex behaviors.
A hydrophobic site on the GLP-1 receptor extracellular domain orients the peptide ligand for signal transduction (2013)

Structure-function studies have analyzed substitutions within the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) sequence that increase resistance to proteolysis, however, the investigation into how such substitutions alter interactions at the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has captured less attention. This work describes our efforts at identifying relevant interactions between peptide ligands and the GLP-1R extracellular domain that contribute to the positioning of the peptide N-terminus for receptor activation. Alanine substitutions at hydrophilic (Glu127⁎ and Glu128⁎) and hydrophobic (Leu32⁎) GLP-1R residues were previously shown to differentially interact with GLP-1 and exendin-4. We examined if these receptor residues influence the activity of GLP-1- and exendin-4-based peptides containing either alanine or glycine at position 2. Additionally, a series of glucagon-based peptides were studied to determine how the central to C-terminal region affects activity. Our results suggest that peptide binding to the GLP-1R is largely driven by hydrophobic interactions with the extracellular domain that orient the N-terminus for activation.
Replication of an Association Between the Lymphoid Tyrosine Phosphatase Locus (LYP/PTPN22) With Type 1 Diabetes, and Evidence for Its Role as a General Autoimmunity Locus (2004)

In the genetic analysis of common, multifactorial diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, true positive irrefutable linkage and association results have been rare to date. Recently, it has been reported that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), 1858C>T, in the gene PTPN22, encoding Arg620Trp in the lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), which has been shown to be a negative regulator of T-cell activation, is associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes. Here, we have replicated these findings in 1,388 type 1 diabetic families and in a collection of 1,599 case and 1,718 control subjects, confirming the association of the PTPN22 locus with type 1 diabetes (family-based relative risk (RR) 1.67 [95% CI 1.46-1.91], and case-control odds ratio (OR) 1.78 [95% CI 1.54-2.06]; overall P = 6.02 x 10(-27)). We also report evidence for an association of Trp(620) with another autoimmune disorder, Graves' disease, in 1,734 case and control subjects (P = 6.24 x 10(-4); OR 1.43 [95% CI 1.17-1.76]). Taken together, these results indicate a more general association of the PTPN22 locus with autoimmune disease.
Mouse Model of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection (2005)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an important cause of diarrhea in humans. EPEC infection of cultured intestinal epithelial cells induces attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions, alters intestinal ion transport, increases paracellular permeability, and stimulates inflammation. The lack of a small-animal model has restricted in vivo studies examining EPEC-host interactions. The aim of this study was to characterize the C57BL/6J mouse as a model of EPEC infection. We have shown that EPEC can adhere to and colonize the intestinal epithelium of C57BL/6J mice. Animal weight and water intake were not altered during 10 days of EPEC infection. The proximal colon of infected mice contained semisolid stool, with stool pellets forming only in the distal colon. In contrast, the entire colon of control mice contained formed stool. Microvillous effacement and actin rearrangement, characteristic of A/E lesions, were seen in the intestine of infected mice but not control mice. Histological assessment revealed increased numbers of lamina propria neutrophils with occasional crypt abscesses, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and goblet cells in the intestine of EPEC-infected mice. Altogether, these data suggest that the C57BL/6J mouse is susceptible to infection by EPEC and will provide a suitable in vivo model for studying the consequences of EPEC infection.
Conditioning a Process-Based Model of Sedimentary Architecture to Well Data (2001)

Prediction of sedimentary architecture for modeling of fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs and aquifers is accomplished mainly using stochastic, structure-imitating models, because these can be conditioned to data from wells, seismic profiles, and outcrop analogs.Conditioning implies that modeled architecture fits all available observations.However, the sedimentary architecture simulated by such models is commonly unrealistic.Process-based (forward) models potentially provide more realistic prediction and understanding of sedimentary architecture, but these models are not widely used because conditioning to well, seismic, or outcrop data is considered to be very difficult.We show here that conditioning of process-based models to well data is possible in principle, using a 3D alluvial-architecture model as an example.This model considers the formation of alluvial deposits as a predominantly deterministic process, with a single channel belt moving by avulsion over an aggrading floodplain.However, the initial floodplain topography is simulated by a random field, thus yielding different model output for each run.Monte Carlo simulation was used to produce model realizations that fit five hypothetical vertical wells within predetermined tolerance bands.Such simulation allows calculation of the probability of occurrence of channel-belt deposits for each 3D cell in the 3D block of sediments generated by the model, as well as the probability distributions of volumes of channel-belt deposits and connectedness ratios.Adding more conditioning wells increases the precision of model predictions.Application of this approach in practice will require a major effort, particularly in overcoming the anticipated large amounts of computing time.
An E. coli Cell-Free Expression Toolbox: Application to Synthetic Gene Circuits and Artificial Cells (2011)

Cell-free protein synthesis is becoming a powerful technique to construct and to study complex informational processes in vitro. Engineering synthetic gene circuits in a test tube, however, is seriously limited by the transcription repertoire of modern cell-free systems, composed of only a few bacteriophage regulatory elements. Here, we report the construction and the phenomenological characterization of synthetic gene circuits engineered with a cell-free expression toolbox that works with the seven E. coli sigma factors. The E. coli endogenous holoenzyme E(70) is used as the primary transcription machinery. Elementary circuit motifs, such as multiple stage cascades, AND gate and negative feedback loops are constructed with the six other sigma factors, two bacteriophage RNA polymerases, and a set of repressors. The circuit dynamics reveal the importance of the global mRNA turnover rate and of passive competition-induced transcriptional regulation. Cell-free reactions can be carried out over long periods of time with a small-scale dialysis reactor or in phospholipid vesicles, an artificial cell system. This toolbox is a unique platform to study complex transcription/translation-based biochemical systems in vitro.
Rapa Nui Rocks: Impressions from a Brief Visit (1998)

During late April and early May 1998. I was asked to take part in the filming of a NOVA TV special on Easter Island that examined hand method for moving and erecting <em>moai</em> and duplicated the results achieved by the island's pre-contact Rapa Nui people. Featured was the field test of a scherne developed by a team of researchers at UCLA led by Dr Jo Anne Van Tilburg and previously published by her in <em>Archaeology</em> magazine (Jan / Feb 1995) and the Rapa Nui Journal (Vol. 10:4, 1996). I was to critique her methods as a neutral observer, unfamiliar with Easter Island, but experienced in handling large rocks elsewhere (e.g., with NOVA in Peru, 1994). Also, as a professional alpine guide and mountain rescue expert, I was to devise and field test a technique for safely hand-lowering <em>moai</em> from the quarry cliff onto the gentler slopes below. Finally, based on 15 year in the Andes studying Inca architecture, I was to comment on Heyerdahl's hypothesis of Inca influence in the best-fitted stonework, as exemplified by the <em>ahu</em> at Vinapu I.
Synthesis and Properties of a Photoactivatable Analogue of Psychosine (β‐Galactosylsphingosine) (2010)

Photoaffinity probes: The first synthesis of a photoaffinity probe of psychosine (blue) is reported, where benzophenone (red) is tethered as a crosslinking moiety. This photo-psychosine probe (shown) displayed a similar potency as psychosine in stimulating Ca2+ flux in U937 cells, suggesting that it may be useful for labeling and identifying the still unidentified psychosine receptor(s) by mass spectrometry.