gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential degradation rates in vivo and in vitro of biocompatible poly(lactic acid) and poly(glycolic acid) homo- and co-polymers for a polymeric drug-delivery microchip (2004)

The biocompatibility and biodegradation rate of component materials are critical when designing a drug-delivery device. The degradation products and rate of degradation may play important roles in determining the local cellular response to the implanted material. In this study, we investigated the biocompatibility and relative biodegradation rates of PLA, PGA and two poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymers of 50:50 mol ratio, thin-film component materials of a drug-delivery microchip developed in our laboratory. The in vivo biocompatibility and both in vivo and in vitro degradation of these materials were characterized using several techniques. Total leukocyte concentration measurements showed normal acute and chronic inflammatory responses to the PGA and low-molecular-weight PLGA that resolved by 21 days, while the normal inflammatory responses to the PLA and high-molecular-weight PLGA were resolved but at slower rates up to 21 days. These results were paralleled by thickness measurements of fibrous capsules surrounding the implants, which showed greater maturation of the capsules for the more rapidly degrading materials after 21 days, but less mature capsules of sustained thicknesses for the PLA and high-molecular-weight PLGA up to 49 days. Gel-permeation chromatography of residual polymer samples confirmed classification of the materials as rapidly or slowly degrading. These materials showed thinner fibrous capsules than have been reported for other materials by our laboratory and have suitable biocompatibility and biodegradation rates for an implantable drug-delivery device.
Electric and Magnetic Coupling through Small Apertures in Shield Walls of Any Thickness (1972)

A method is presented for evaluating the coupling between two identical resonant cavities coupled by a small aperture in a plane common wall of arbitrary thickness. The coupling is related to the frequencies of the symmetric and asymmetric modes of oscillation of the coupled cavity structure, and a variational technique is used to determine those frequencies. The method is applied to circular and rectangular apertures, and it is shown that the coupling is separable into electric and magnetic terms. The results enable theoretical solutions to be obtained for the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of circular and rectangular apertures in walls of zero thickness, and equivalent polarizabilities to be obtained when the wall thickness is nonzero. Curves of numerical values are given for circular and rectangular apertures. With zero wall thickness, the results obtained are the same as those of Bethe for a circular aperture and give good agreement with Cohn's experimental results for rectangular apertures.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Enhances the Expression of the Interleukin (IL)-4 Receptor α-Chain on Endothelial Cells Increasing IL-4 or IL-13-induced Stat6 Activation (1997)

Functional receptors for interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 on endothelial cells consist of the 130-kDa IL-4 receptor alpha-chain (IL-4Ralpha) and a 65-75-kDa IL-13 binding subunit that are expressed in a ratio of about 1:3, respectively. The restricted number of IL-4Ralpha limits subunit heterodimerization and in turn receptor-mediated signaling. We report here, the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) on the expression of the receptor subunits for IL-4 and IL-13. By flow cytofluorometry and receptor-binding analysis of iodinated IL-4 and IL-13, stimulation with TNF-alpha-induced a 2-3-fold increase of the IL-4Ralpha expression. The up-regulation was also confirmed at the transcriptional level by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Radioligand cross-linking experiments revealed no change in the subunit composition of the TNF-alpha-induced receptor complex. Nevertheless, TNF-alpha stimulation led to increased activation of the IL-4-specific signal transducers and activators of transcription protein (Stat6) by IL-4 and IL-13. Thus, TNF-alpha corrects the subunit imbalance of the endothelial IL-4.IL-13 receptor complex thereby increasing receptor heterodimerization and in turn the signaling capability by IL-4 and IL-13.
Gadolinium(III) texaphyrin: a novel MRI contrast agent (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGadolinium(III) texaphyrin: a novel MRI contrast agentJonathan L. Sessler, Tarak D. Mody, Gregory W. Hemmi, Vincent Lynch, Stuart W. Young, and Richard A. MillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 22, 10368–10369Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00075a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00075a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views865Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Growth stimulation by coexpression of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor-receptor in normal and adenomatous human colon epithelium. (1990)

Autocrine stimulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), by coexpression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), causes malignant transformation of some fibroblast cell lines. TGF-alpha and EGF-R are both known to be expressed in colon carcinoma tissue and have been shown coexpressed in colon carcinoma cell lines. TGF-alpha autocrine activation of EGF-R has been suggested as a potential mechanism contributing to abnormal growth control in colon cancer. We now report coexpression of TGF-alpha and EGF-R transcripts in morphologically normal colonic epithelium from five individuals, in colonic adenomas from three individuals, and in a nontumorigenic colon adenoma cell line, VACO-330. Functional studies demonstrate VACO-330 growth is stimulated by exogenous TGF-alpha and is completely abolished by a blocking anti-EGF-R antibody. Autocrine stimulation of EGF-R by TGF-alpha is therefore required for growth of the adenoma cell line. Autocrine stimulation of EGF-R by TGF-alpha does not cause malignant transformation of the colonic epithelial cell. In normal and adenomatous human colon TGF-alpha, via either an autocrine or paracrine mechanism, is likely an important physiologic stimulant of epithelial proliferation.
The SRI IDES statistical anomaly detector (2002)

SRI International's real-time intrusion-detection expert system (IDES) contains a statistical subsystem that observes behavior on a monitored computer system and adaptively learns what is normal for individual users and groups of users. The statistical subsystem also monitors observed behavior and identifies behavior as a potential intrusion (or misuse by authorized users) if it deviates significantly from expected behavior. The multivariate methods used to profile normal behavior and identify deviations from expected behavior are explained in detail. The statistical test for abnormality contains a number of parameters that must be initialized and the substantive issues relating to setting those parameter values are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
TAT-Liposomes: A Novel Intracellular Drug Carrier (2003)

TAT peptide was attached to the surface of plain and PEGylated liposomes. These TAT peptide-modified liposomes have been shown to translocate into a variety of normal and cancer cells if a non-hindered interaction between the cell surface and liposome-attached TAT peptide was made possible. TAT peptide-liposomes translocated into cells remain intact within first few hours as proved by a co-localization of fluorescent markers entrapped inside liposomes and incorporated into the liposomal membrane. After 2 hours liposomes had slowly migrating towards cell nuclei. Liposomes had completely disintegrated with their inner marker released by approximately 9 hours. TAT peptide-liposomes were made slightly cationic by adding up to 10 mol %. of a cationic lipid (DOTAP). These slightly cationic liposomes were non-toxic towards cells, formed firm complexes with DNA (plasmid encoding for the formation of the Green Fluorescent Protein), and efficiently transfected a variety of cells. TAT peptide-liposomes can be considered as promising carriers for the non-endocytotic intracellular delivery of drugs and DNA.
Membrane-associated interleukin 1 activity on human U937 tumor cells: stimulation of PGE2 production by human chondrosarcoma cells. (1987)

Membrane-associated interleukin 1 (IL 1) activity was induced on the human macrophage tumor cell line, U937, by pretreatment with phorbol myristic acid (PMA). Incubation of PMA-treated, paraformaldehyde-fixed U937 cells with the murine cell line D10.G4.1 in the presence of concanavalin A caused an increase in DNA synthesis as measured by the uptake of tritiated thymidine. Paraformaldehyde-fixed U937, not pretreated with PMA, showed little or no activity. A rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against human IL 1 neutralized all membrane-associated IL 1-like activity, as measured by the inhibition of D10.G4.1 cell proliferation. PMA-treated U937 caused a pronounced enhancement of PGE2 production from a human chondrosarcoma cell line, SW-1353. Membrane-associated IL 1 induced a more potent PGE2 response than did a maximal concentration of soluble IL 1. Rabbit antihuman IL 1 neutralized membrane-bound IL 1 induction of PGE2. The data presented here raise the possibility that membrane-bound IL 1 may play a primary role in the pathophysiology of the inflammatory disease process.
Is prokaryotic complexity limited by accelerated growth in regulatory overhead? (2003)

Increased biological complexity is generally associated with the addition of new genetic information, which must be integrated into the existing regulatory network that operates within the cell. General arguments on network control, as well as several recent genomic observations, indicate that regulatory gene number grows disproportionally fast with increasing genome size. We present two models for the growth of regulatory networks. Both predict that the number of transcriptional regulators will scale quadratically with total gene number. This appears to be in good quantitative agreement with genomic data from 89 fully sequenced prokaryotes. Moreover, the empirical curve predicts that any new non-regulatory gene will be accompanied by more than one additional regulator beyond a genome size of about 20,000 genes, within a factor of two of the observed ceiling. Our analysis places transcriptional regulatory networks in the class of accelerating networks. We suggest that prokaryotic complexity may have been limited throughout evolution by regulatory overhead, and conversely that complex eukaryotes must have bypassed this constraint by novel strategies.
Biosynthesis of truncated O-glycans in the T cell line Jurkat. Localization of O-glycan initiation. (1990)

Glycoproteins from the human T leukemia cells Jurkat were found to bind to the GalNAc alpha 1----Ser/Thr-specific lectin from Salvia sclarea seeds. The analysis of the O-linked saccharides of immunopurified leukosialin, the major [3H]glucosamine-labeled glycoprotein in Jurkat cell lysate, revealed the presence of mainly GalNAc alpha 1----Ser/Thr with only minor amounts (approximately 17%) of more complex O-glycans. A comparison between Jurkat and K562 cell glycosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of O-linked carbohydrates showed that a markedly lower activity of UDP-Gal:GalNAc alpha 1----Ser/Thr beta 1----3galactosyltransferase is apparently responsible for the presence of truncated O-glycans in the Jurkat cell line. The O-glycosylation defect makes Jurkat cells an ideal model to study the initiation of O-linked saccharides. Pulse-chase experiments with [35S] methionine showed that the addition of GalNAc to leukosialin is responsible for the decreased mobility of the mature glycoprotein on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, no biosynthetic intermediates between the O-glycan-free precursor and the fully O-glycosylated form could be detected either with an anti-leukosialin antiserum or with the GalNAc-specific lectin. Lowering the chase temperature to 15 degrees C completely inhibited the transfer of GalNAc to the peptide core indicating that O-glycan initiation takes place in the first Golgi elements and not in transitional vesicles between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. In addition, treatment of the cells with monensin did not inhibit GalNAc transfer to leukosialin apoprotein. These results indicate that the initiation of O-glycosylation in Jurkat cells starts in the cis-Golgi stacks.
Potent anticancer activity of the second generation artemisinin-derived trioxane dimers on pancreatic cancer cells. (2007)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

C23 

Background: Trioxane dimers (TDs) are semi synthetic derivatives of the Chinese antimalarial compound 1,2,4-trioxane artemisinin ( Artemesia annua L., qinghaosu). Second-generation C-10 nonacetal TDs are orally active with high stability, efficacy, and anticancer activity. The cytotoxic effect of artmisinin is likely mediated by free radicals produced by its reaction with intracellular iron, which is dependent on the expression of transferrin receptor (TfR). Pancreatic adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma are characterized by high expression of TfR in contrast to normal pancreatic tissue and benign neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. The purpose of this study is to utilize TDs without or with the combination of iron to target TfR overexpressed pancreatic cancer. Methods: in vitro MTT assay to determine cell growth; DNA fragmentation assay to determine apoptosis; flow cytometry and Western blot for expression of transferring receptor. Also pancreatic cancer animal model will be used to determine antitumor activity in vivo . Results: TDs have significant growth inhibitory effects on tested pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1. This has been shown in time and dose dependent manner with the IC50 range at 25 nM. This dosage has equivalent growth inhibitory effect of Gemcitabine at the concentration between 0.25 uM to 5 uM. Also 25 nM DT can potentiate gemcitabine’s growth inhibitory effect in vitro. In vivo study is in the process now. Conclusions: TDs as potent artemisinin derivatives have significant growth inhibitory effects on pancreatic cancer cells as single agent or in combination with gemcitabine.
Catalytic reduction of olefins with a polymer-supported rhodium(I) catalyst (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic reduction of olefins with a polymer-supported rhodium(I) catalystRobert H. Grubbs and LeRoy C. KrollCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 12, 3062–3063Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00741a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00741a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views696Altmetric-Citations203LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Terrain‐based vehicle orientation estimation combining vision and inertial measurements (2008)

Abstract A novel method for estimating vehicle roll, pitch, and yaw using machine vision and inertial sensors is presented that is based on matching images captured from an on‐vehicle camera to a rendered representation of the surrounding terrain obtained from a three‐dimensional (3D) terrain map. U.S. Geographical Survey Digital Elevation Maps were used to create a 3D topology map of the geography surrounding the vehicle, and it is assumed in this work that large segments of the surrounding terrain are visible, particularly the horizon lines. The horizon lines seen in the captured video from the vehicle are compared to the horizon lines obtained from a rendered geography, allowing absolute comparisons between rendered and actual scene in roll, pitch, and yaw. A kinematic Kalman filter modeling an inertial navigation system then uses the scene matching to generate filtered estimates of orientation. Numerical simulations verify the performance of the Kalman filter. Experiments using an instrumented vehicle operating at the test track of the Pennsylvania Transportation Institute were performed to check the validity of the method. When compared to estimates from a global positioning system/inertial measurement unit (IMU) system, the roll, pitch, and yaw estimates from vision/IMU Kalman filter show an agreement with a (2σ) bound of 0.5, 0.26, and 0.8 deg, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A 20-Month, Double-Blind, Maintenance Trial of Lithium Versus Divalproex in Rapid-Cycling Bipolar Disorder (2005)

The hypothesis that divalproex is more effective than lithium in the long-term management of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder is not supported by these data. Preliminary data suggest highly recurrent refractory depression may be the hallmark of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder.
Structure-activity relationship of swainsonine. Inhibition of human α-mannosidases by swainsonine analogues (1989)

The inhibitory properties of a series of synthetic epimers and analogues of swainsonine towards the multiple forms of human alpha-mannosidases were studied in vitro and in cells in culture. Of the five epimers tested, only the 8a-epimer and 8,8a-diepimer of swainsonine were specific and competitive inhibitors (Ki values of 7.5 x 10(-5) and 2 x 10(-6) M respectively) of lysosomal alpha-mannosidases in vitro and induced storage of mannose-rich oligosaccharides in human fibroblasts in culture. The structures of these storage products indicated that processing alpha-mannosidases had also been inhibited. This was consistent with the observed inhibition in vitro of these enzymes by these compounds. In contrast, the 8-epimer, 1,8-diepimer and 2,8a-diepimer of swainsonine had no appreciable effect on any alpha-mannosidases. The corresponding open-chain analogues of swainsonine, namely 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-mannitol, of the 8a-epimer, namely 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-talitol, and of the 8,8a-diepimer, namely 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-L-allitol, were weaker competitive inhibitors of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase, with Ki values of 1.3 x 10(-5), 1.2 x 10(-4) and 1.2 x 10(-4) M respectively. These analogues also proved less effective at inducing oligosaccharide accumulation and in disturbing glycoprotein processing. These compounds offer the opportunity to determine which alterations in the chirality of the swainsonine molecule affect its inhibitory specificity. A comparison of their biological activities has identified reagents that will be useful for studying steps in the biosynthesis and catabolism of glycoproteins and that may be of potential value in chemotherapy.
Response to Consumer Demand for Reduced-Fat Foods; Multi-Functional Fat Replacers (2010)

The excessive dietary fat intake can result in health problems such as obesity and heart-related diseases, resulting in increased consumer demand for reduced fat foods. A number of food ingredients with fat-like functions have been developed as fat alternatives in the food industry. Especially, some fat replacers that belong to carbohydrate-based fat replacers, play multi-functional roles in foods beyond the reduction of fat and calories. They can provide beneficial physiological activity and control texture and rheology without quality loss. Also, they can promote the development of environment-friendly and natural products, make health claims on a label, and diversify the type of reduced-fat foods. Therefore, the use of multi-functional fat replacers can encourage the food industry to respond to current demand of health-conscious consumers for reduced-fat foods.
Description of a new xenograft model of metastatic neuroblastoma using NOD/SCID/Il2rg null (NSG) mice. (2012)

In order to develop a relevant xenogenic animal model of neuroblastoma (NB), we compared the tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of SK-N-SH and SK-N-DZ NB cell lines in nude mice and NOD/SCID Il2rg null (NSG) mice. Subcutaneous injection of cell lines induced tumor formation only in NSG mice and was accompanied by metastasis to the liver, adrenal glands, skull and bone marrow. NSG mice injected intravenously showed a profile of distant metastasis that was not observed in nude mice. In addition, tumor growth rates and organ infiltration patterns associated with injected NB cell lines correlated with the in vitro proliferation properties and genetic markers of poor prognosis in NB patients. We also showed that cisplatin chemotherapy was able to inhibit tumor growth. These results clearly demonstrate the higher tumorigenic and metastatic potential of NB cells in NSG mice. Therefore, this xenograft NB model should prove useful in testing the efficacy of new therapeutic approaches for NB.
Predicting blood-brain barrier penetration of drugs by polar molecular surface area and molecular volume. (2001)

The model is simple and effective. It can be used to predict the logBB values of candidate molecule in drug design.
Prevalence of Congenital Homocystinuria in Denmark (1999)

To the Editor: Homocystinuria due to a deficiency of cystathionine β-synthase has been reported to occur with a cumulative overall frequency of 1 in 344,000 worldwide, a value that ranges from 1 in...
Targeted integration of transfected and infected adeno-associated virus vectors containing the neomycin resistance gene. (1994)

Human adeno-associated virus (AAV) integrates specifically into a site (AAVS1) on chromosome 19q13.3-qter. We report that both transfected and infected AAV-vectors will target a foreign gene preferentially to AAVS1. Of 11 infected cell lines studied, nine (82%) showed integration of the neomycin resistance marker into AAVS1, which confirms the findings of previous investigations. We also show site-specific integration (nine out of 12 cell lines, 75%) following transfection of an AAV vector containing the neomycin gene. The ability of transfected AAV sequences to preferentially target and express selectable genes at a known site in the human genome extends the potential use of AAV as a vector in gene therapy.