gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activity of HspE7, a Novel Immunotherapy, in Patients with Anogenital Warts (2002)

A retrospective review of patients' medical records suggests that HspE7 may be broadly active in anogenital warts. This activity crosses multiple human papillomavirus types. The warts improved substantially but usually did not totally disappear within six months. Patient follow-up continues. A new randomized, placebo-controlled trial is underway to evaluate these findings.
Identification, cloning, purification, and enzymatic characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (2002)

The enzyme encoded by Rv2682c in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a functional 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), suggesting that the pathogen utilizes the mevalonate-independent pathway for isopentenyl diphosphate and subsequent polyprenyl phosphate synthesis. These key precursors are vital in the biosynthesis of many essential aspects of the mycobacterial cell wall. Rv2682c encodes the conserved DRAG sequence that has been proposed as a signature motif for DXSs and also all 13 conserved amino acid residues thought to be important to the function of transketolase enzymes. Recombinant Rv2682c is capable of utilizing glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate as well as d- and l-glyceraldehyde as aldose substrates. The enzyme has Km values of 40 µM, 6.1 µM, 5.6 mM, and 4.5 mM for pyruvate, d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, d-glyceraldehyde, and l-glyceradehyde, respectively. Rv2682c has an absolute requirement for divalent cation and thiamin diphosphate as cofactors. The Kdthiamin diphosphate for the native M. tuberculosis DXS activity partially purified from M. tuberculosis cytosol is 1 µM in the presence of Mg2+.
A viscoplastic theory of shape memory polymer fibres with application to self-healing materials (2012)

The difficulty in healing structural damage is that most existing schemes need external help to bring the fractured surfaces in contact before healing can occur. To facilitate the existing schemes to heal macroscopic cracks, we envision that the cracked surfaces can be brought in contact through constrained shape recovery of a shape memory polymer (SMP) fibre-reinforced grid skeleton that is embedded in thermoset polymer matrix, similar to stitch a cut in the human skin by suture. In this study, we show that polyurethane SMP fibres can be hardened through cyclic cold-drawing programming, which makes them suitable for reinforcement and healing in thermoset polymer composites. We characterized the microstructure of the SMP fibres, which provides fundamental understanding of the effect of programming on the degree of crystallinity and molecular orientation. Then, a micromechanical multiscale viscoplastic theory is developed to predict the thermomechanical behaviours of the SMP fibres, including the cyclic hardening and stress recovery responses. The proposed theory takes into account the stress-induced crystallization process and the evolution of the morphological texture based on the applied stresses. The cyclic loading and the thermomechanical responses of the SMP fibres confirm the capabilities of the proposed model in capturing these phenomena.
A STUDY ON PRESSURE SURGE ACCOMPANIED BY REPEATED VALVE OPERATION IN OIL HYDRAULIC PIPELINE (1989)

In a large scale oil hydraulicsystem having repeatedly operatedactuator, such as a large scaleforging press, pressure surgesoften occur due to the recombinationof oil column in a return lineattached to the downstream side ofa directional control valve.Especially, the pressure surgesappear very severe ones at acertain valve operating frequency.These pressure surges restrict theoperating frequency of thehydraulic system. But there are fewreports about the above mentionedphenomenon.In this study, therefore, the authors investigate the exactreason why such severe pressuresurges occur at a certain range ofvalve operating frequency. And forthat purpose, the relationshipbetween pressure surges and valveoperating frequency is studied byexoeriments and numericalcomputations.
Characterization and modeling of a microfluidic dielectrophoresis filter for biological species (2005)

Microfabricated interdigitated electrode array is a convenient form of electrode geometry for dielectrophoretic trapping of particles and biological entities such as cells and bacteria within microfluidic biochips. We present experimental results and finite element modeling of the holding forces for both positive and negative dielectrophoretic traps on microfabricated interdigitated electrodes within a microfluidic biochip fabricated in silicon with a 12-/spl mu/m-deep chamber. Anodic bonding was used to close the channels with a glass cover. An Experimental protocol was then used to measure the voltages necessary to capture different particles (polystyrene beads, yeast cells, spores and bacteria) against destabilizing fluid flows at a given frequency. The experimental results and those from modeling are found to be in close agreement, validating our ability to model the dielectrophoretic filter for bacteria, spores, yeast cells, and polystyrene beads. This knowledge can be very useful in designing and operating a dielectrophoretic barrier or filter to sort and select particles entering the microfluidic devices for further analysis.
Carbohydrate receptor-mediated gene transfer to human T leukaemic cells (1994)

The mucin-type carbohydrate Tn cryptantigen (GalNAc alpha 1-O-Ser/Thr, where GalNAc is N-acetyl-D-galactosamine) is expressed in many carcinomas, in haemopoietic disorders including the Tn syndrome, and on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coat glycoproteins, but is not expressed on normal, differentiated cells because of the expression of a Tn-processing galactosyltransferase. Using Jurkat T leukaemic cells which express high levels of Tn antigen due to deficient Tn galactosylation, we have established the Tn antigen-mediated gene transfer and demonstrate the considerable efficiency of this approach. We used poly(L-lysine) conjugates of the monoclonal antibody 1E3 directed against the Tn antigen to deliver the luciferase and beta-galactosidase reporter genes to Jurkat cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Addition of unconjugated 1E3 reduced transfection efficiency in a concentration-dependent manner and incubation with free GalNAc abolished DNA transfer completely, indicating that gene delivery is indeed mediated by the Tn antigen. Pre-treatment of Jurkat cells with Vibrio cholerae sialidase, which uncovers additional Tn antigens, resulted in an improvement of gene transfection. Both human and chicken adenovirus particles attached to the DNA/polylysine complex strongly augmented transgene expression. When the beta-galactosidase (lacZ) gene was delivered to Jurkat cells by Tn-mediated endocytosis, up to 60% of the cells were positive in the cytochemical stain using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal) as a chromogenic substrate. The efficiency of the transferrin receptor-mediated DNA uptake into Jurkat cells was comparatively low, although these cells were shown to express considerable amounts of transferrin receptor. We show here that a mucin-type carbohydrate antigen mediates highly efficient DNA uptake by endocytosis into Jurkat T cells. This method represents a 50-fold improvement of Jurkat cell transfection efficiency over other physical gene transfer techniques. Specific gene delivery to primary cancer cells exhibiting Tn epitopes may especially be desirable in immunotherapy protocols.
Functional and Anatomical Brain Imaging: Impact on Schizophrenia Research (1987)

A group of related new technologies has made it possible to study the brain's regional changes in metabolism, blood flow, electrical activity, and neurochemistry. Positron emission tomography (PET) produces slice images of radioisotope density--brain metabolism or receptor concentration can be quantitated. Studies in schizophrenia have indicated relative metabolic underactivity of the frontal lobes of schizophrenics. Decreased activity in the basal ganglia, which can be reversed with neuroleptic treatment, is also seen in schizophrenia. PET studies are in the early stages; standard methodology for isotope selection, task during tracer uptake, and quantitative analysis is still developing. Cerebral blood flow studies have shown similar patterns in the cortical surface. The electroencephalogram provides a short time resolution approach which can assess attention and arousal, but lacks some of the anatomic exactness and depth capabilities of PET. Magnetic resonance imaging furnishes anatomical images of gray and white matter previously unavailable with x-ray computed tomography. Advances in methodology and clinical studies with imaging are making neuroanatomic theories of schizophrenia more directly testable than ever before.
In Vivo Evolution of Butane Oxidation by Terminal Alkane Hydroxylases AlkB and CYP153A6 (2008)

Enzymes of the AlkB and CYP153 families catalyze the first step in the catabolism of medium-chain-length alkanes, selective oxidation of the alkane to the 1-alkanol, and enable their host organisms to utilize alkanes as carbon sources. Small, gaseous alkanes, however, are converted to alkanols by evolutionarily unrelated methane monooxygenases. Propane and butane can be oxidized by CYP enzymes engineered in the laboratory, but these produce predominantly the 2-alkanols. Here we report the in vivo-directed evolution of two medium-chain-length terminal alkane hydroxylases, the integral membrane di-iron enzyme AlkB from Pseudomonas putida GPo1 and the class II-type soluble CYP153A6 from Mycobacterium sp. strain HXN-1500, to enhance their activity on small alkanes. We established a P. putida evolution system that enables selection for terminal alkane hydroxylase activity and used it to select propane- and butane-oxidizing enzymes based on enhanced growth complementation of an adapted P. putida GPo12(pGEc47 Delta B) strain. The resulting enzymes exhibited higher rates of 1-butanol production from butane and maintained their preference for terminal hydroxylation. This in vivo evolution system could be useful for directed evolution of enzymes that function efficiently to hydroxylate small alkanes in engineered hosts.
Acute (“malignant”) myelosclerosis (1979)

This study is based upon an analysis of the hematologic and pathologic material from seven patients with acute myelosclerosis, as well as a review of the literature of 49 cases reported under this designation, or one of its synonyms. Patients with this disease characteristically present with pancytopenia, minimal or absent anisocytosis and poikilocytosis, and a fibrotic bone marrow showing hyperplasia and immaturity of all three cell lines, with particular prominence of megakaryocytes and their precursors. In addition, clinical splenomegaly is almost always absent, and the disease has a rapidly fatal course. We consider only one-fourth of the cases reported in the literature to have the clinical and hematologic features consistent with the diagnosis of acute myelosclerosis; the remainder represent a variety of myeloproliferative disorders, including chronic myelosclerosis with an accelerated terminal phase, acute myeloblastic leukemia with bone marrow fibrosis, myeloproliferative diseases that cannot be subclassified, and cases in which the data are insufficient for analysis. Using strict clinical and hematological criteria, acute myelosclerosis can be separated from other myeloproliferative disorders as a distinct clinicopathologic entity.
Dietary supplementation of resveratrol suppresses colonic tumour incidence in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated rats by modulating biotransforming enzymes and aberrant crypt foci development (2006)

Diet-induced changes in the activities of bacterial enzymes are known to play a role in colon cancer development. Resveratrol has been implicated as a protective agent in carcinogenesis. In the present study, the effect of resveratrol on the activities of faecal and colonic biotransforming enzymes such as beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, mucinase, nitroreductase and faecal sulfatase activity was assessed. The total number of aberrant crypt foci and their distribution in the proximal, medial and distal colon were observed in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rats (group 3) and other treatment groups (groups 4-6). DMH (0.02 g/kg body weight) was given subcutaneously once a week for 15 consecutive weeks, and the experiment was terminated at 30 weeks. DMH-treated rats showed elevated levels of cancer-associated bacterial enzyme activities, whereas on resveratrol supplementation in three different regimens, rats showed lowered activities. Resveratrol supplementation throughout the experimental period (group 6) exerted a more pronounced effect (P < 0.01) by modulating the development of aberrant crypt foci and the activities of bacterial enzymes than did the other treatment regimens (groups 4 and 5). Thus, the present results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats.
64-MDCT Coronary Angiography of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Influence of Heart Rate on Image Quality and Efficacy in Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease (2009)

Coronary 64-MDCT angiography has diagnostic image quality within a wide range of heart rates and in patients with atrial fibrillation. Reducing average heart rate and heart rate variability in patients with atrial fibrillation is beneficial in improving image quality.
On power allocation for generalized cyclic-prefix based channel-equalizers (2003)

The cyclic prefix system is commonly employed for channel equalization in discrete multitone systems. The system allows one to perform bit and power allocation in the subbands of the channel. In the DMT system, the input symbol stream, typically binary, is parsed into several substreams which are then communicated over different subbands of the channel. We emphasize that the cyclic prefix can actually be used in a broader setting. For example, if we have to transmit a simple symbol stream belonging to a PAM (pulse amplitude modulation) constellation, we can use the cyclic prefix directly on this stream. More generally, the idea is applicable to the problem of compensating any linear distortion with additive noise. We derive the optimal power allocation formula for the case of a nonflat channel with possibly colored noise.
AQUAVAN® Injection, a Water-soluble Prodrug of Propofol, as a Bolus Injection: A Phase I Dose-escalation Comparison with DIPRIVAN® (Part 2): Pharmacodynamics and Safety: Retracted (2005)

Bolus administration of AQ achieves LOCverbal at a similar time as an equipotent amount of PropofolD but shows a longer time to BISpeak and prolonged pharmacodynamics. For both drugs, excellent drug safety was achieved, although there was a tendency of fewer and shorter duration of apneas for AQ.
Cancer statistics, 1996 (1996)

The American Cancer Society's Department of Epidemiology and Statistics reports its 30th annual compilation of cancer incidence, survival, and mortality data for the United States and around the world.
CD83 Knockdown in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells by Small Interfering RNA Leads to a Diminished T Cell Stimulation (2007)

Mature human dendritic cells (mDCs) are the most powerful APCs known today, having the unique ability to induce primary immune responses. One of the best known surface markers for mDCs is the glycoprotein CD83, which is strongly up-regulated during maturation, together with costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86. When CD83 surface expression was inhibited by interference with the messenger RNA export or by infection with certain viruses, DCs showed a dramatically reduced capability to induce T cell proliferation. However, in these cases side effects on other cellular functions cannot be excluded completely. In this study we present an efficient method to specifically influence CD83 surface expression by the use of RNA interference. We used small-interfering RNA targeted against CD83 and carefully evaluated an electroporation protocol for the delivery of the duplex into the cells. Furthermore, we identified freshly prepared immature DCs as the best target for the application of a CD83 knockdown and we were also able to achieve a long lasting silencing effect for this molecule. Finally, we were able to confirm that CD83 functions as an enhancer during the stimulation of T cells, significantly increases DC-mediated T cell proliferation, and goes hand in hand with clear changes in cytokine expression during T cell priming. These results were obtained for the first time without the use of agents that might cause unwanted side effects, such as low m.w. inhibitors or viruses. Therefore, this method presents a suitable way to influence DC biology.
Zirconium‐Metalloporphyrin PCN‐222: Mesoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks with Ultrahigh Stability as Biomimetic Catalysts (2012)

Biomimetic MOF: Extremely stable MOFs with different open metal sites and ultra-large 1D channels, PCN-222 (Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn), have been assembled with eight-connected Zr6 clusters and redox-active metalloporphyrin motifs. PCN-222(Fe) shows peroxidase-like activity in aqueous solution, exhibiting highly effective biomimetic oxidation on a number of substrates. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Conserved Active Site Motif A of Escherichia coliDNA Polymerase I Is Highly Mutable (2001)

Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I participates in DNA replication, DNA repair, and genetic recombination; it is the most extensively studied of all DNA polymerases. Motif A in the polymerase active site has a required role in catalysis and is highly conserved. To assess the tolerance of motif A for amino acid substitutions, we determined the mutability of the 13 constituent amino acids Val(700)-Arg(712) by using random mutagenesis and genetic selection. We observed that every residue except the catalytically essential Asp(705) can be mutated while allowing bacterial growth and preserving wild-type DNA polymerase activity. Hence, the primary structure of motif A is plastic. We present evidence that mutability of motif A has been conserved during evolution, supporting the premise that the tolerance for mutation is adaptive. In addition, our work allows identification of refinements in catalytic function that may contribute to preservation of the wild-type motif A sequence. As an example, we established that the naturally occurring Ile(709) has a previously undocumented role in supporting sugar discrimination.
Immune Signatures of Murine and Human Cancers Reveal Unique Mechanisms of Tumor Escape and New Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy (2007)

These results show that certain tumors, such as ductal carcinoma of the breast, show consistent immunologic abnormalities that can be used as targets for immunotherapy. These findings also show the importance and feasibility of determining the immune signatures of patients' tumors to select appropriate immunotherapeutic strategies. Ultimately, these results advocate for the determination of immune signatures as part of the customary repertoire of clinical diagnostics for cancer.
Extension of in vivo half-life of biologically active molecules by XTEN protein polymers (2015)

XTEN™ is a class of unstructured hydrophilic, biodegradable protein polymers designed to increase the half-lives of therapeutic peptides and proteins. XTEN polymers and XTEN fusion proteins are typically expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by conventional protein chromatography as monodisperse polypeptides of exact length and sequence. Unstructured XTEN polypeptides have hydrodynamic volumes significantly larger than typical globular proteins of similar mass, thus imparting a bulking effect to the therapeutic payloads attached to them. Since their invention, XTEN polypeptides have been utilized to extend the half-lives of a variety of peptide- and protein-based therapeutics. Multiple clinical and preclinical studies and related drug discovery and development efforts are in progress. This review details the most current understanding of physicochemical properties and biological behavior of XTEN and XTENylated molecules. Additionally, the development path and status of several advanced drug discovery and development efforts are highlighted.
Revealing Key Non-financial Factors for Online Credit-Scoring in e-Financing (2013)

E-commerce has rapid growth in the last two decades due to the development of information technologies, mobile network services and application of big data. Nowadays, e-commerce has reached a stage in which e-businesses are far beyond the online trading of buy-pay-deliver, but covers a much broader spectrum of line business activities, such as financing, which indicates that e-commerce has been transited from monetary transfer to credit transfer. The financial services for e-businesses have now incurred fundamental changes in credit risk management, with significant impacts on the traditional credit system, such as timeliness, service quality, cash flow and liquidity, and scalability of services, etc. In this paper, based on an online-credit scoring model, we identified important factors that improve the prediction accuracy of a credit scoring model and reduces the probability of default, which also demonstrated the important role of non-financial data in credit risk control in the e-businesses environment.
History of the Development of Rifampin (1983)

Rifampin was developed in the Dow-Lepetit Research Laboratories (Milan, Italy) as part of an extensive program of chemical modification of the rifamycins, the natural metabolites of Nocardia mediterranei. One peculiar fact was that all of the studies leading to highly active derivatives were performed on a molecule (rifamycin B) that was itself practically inactive. The first chemical modifications led to the discovery of rifamycin SV, which was introduced in some countries for the parenteral and topical treatment of infections due to gram-positive bacteria and infections of the biliary tract. Systematic structural modifications of most of the functional groups of the rifamycin molecule were performed with the objective of finding a derivative that was active when administered orally. The understanding of structure-activity relations in the rifamycins led to the synthesis of several hydrazones of 3-formylrifamycin SV. Among them, the hydrazone with N-amino-N'-methylpiperazine (rifampin) was the most active in the oral treatment of infections in animals and, after successful clinical trials, was introduced into therapeutic use in 1968. In the intervening years, a large number of clinical and biologic studies have confirmed the important role of rifampin in therapy for tuberculosis and other selected infectious diseases.
Membrane insertion of anthrax protective antigen and cytoplasmic delivery of lethal factor occur at different stages of the endocytic pathway (2004)

The protective antigen (PA) of anthrax toxin binds to a cell surface receptor, undergoes heptamerization, and binds the enzymatic subunits, the lethal factor (LF) and the edema factor (EF). The resulting complex is then endocytosed. Via mechanisms that depend on the vacuolar ATPase and require membrane insertion of PA, LF and EF are ultimately delivered to the cytoplasm where their targets reside. Here, we show that membrane insertion of PA already occurs in early endosomes, possibly only in the multivesicular regions, but that subsequent delivery of LF to the cytoplasm occurs preferentially later in the endocytic pathway and relies on the dynamics of internal vesicles of multivesicular late endosomes.