gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of dehydroepiandrosterone in reduction of cryptosporidial activity in immunosuppressed rats (1992)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the immunomodulator dehydroepiandrosterone in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in glucocorticoid-induced immunosuppressed rats. A significant reduction in cryptosporidial activity occurred in treated versus untreated rats as assessed by oocyst shedding intensities and examination of parasite colonization in the small intestine.
Chemotherapy and vaccination: a possible strategy for the control of highly virulent influenza virus (1985)

The influenza A virus [A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83 (H5N2)] that caused up to 80% mortality among chickens provided a model system for testing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents against highly virulent influenza virus. Amantadine and rimantadine administered in drinking water were efficacious both prophylactically and therapeutically. However, under conditions simulating natural transmission of virus, amantadine- and rimantadine-resistant viruses arose and were transmitted to other birds in contact with the infected chickens, causing mortality. Simultaneous administration of inactivated H5N2 vaccine and amantadine provided protection. Thus, chemotherapy may be useful in the treatment of a highly pathogenic influenza virus outbreak in humans or other animals when used in combination with vaccine.
An e.p.r. study of the non-equivalence of the copper sites of caeruloplasmin (1986)

The two Type 1 (blue) copper-binding sites of caeruloplasmin were spectroscopically differentiated by the kinetic analysis of the e.p.r. spectra during the redox cycle. One blue copper, with a hyperfine splitting constant (A parallel) of 6.8 mT, which was rapidly reduced, was not reoxidized by oxygen, whereas it was reoxidized by H2O2. The other blue copper (A parallel = 5.8 mT), which was reduced slowly, was rapidly reoxidized by either oxygen or H2O2. A conformational change of the Type 2 copper was concomitant with the fast reduction of Type 1 copper, whereas its reduction occurred during the slow phase. This sequence of events was reversed in the reoxidation step, that is, the Type 2 copper reappeared rapidly as the species with altered conformation and reverted to the symmetry typical of the native state in the slow phase. The specific reaction of a blue-copper site with the H2O2 can tentatively be related to the established ability of caeruloplasmin to prevent 'oxidative' attack of proteins and lipids.
Use of Pseudoephedrine as a Practical Chiral Auxiliary for Asymmetric Synthesis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of Pseudoephedrine as a Practical Chiral Auxiliary for Asymmetric SynthesisAndrew G. Myers, Bryant H. Yang, Hou Chen, and James L. GleasonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 20, 9361–9362Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00099a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00099a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5301Altmetric-Citations227LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Secretion of microvesicular miRNAs in cellular and organismal aging (2012)

Changes of factors circulating in the systemic environment during human aging have been investigated for a long time. Only recently however, miRNAs have been found to be secreted into the systemic and tissue environments where they are protected from RNAses by either carrier proteins or by being packaged into microvesicles. These miRNAs are then taken up by recipient cells, changing the cellular behavior by the classical miRNA induced silencing of target mRNAs. The origin of circulating miRNAs, however, is in most instances unclear, but senescent cells emerge as a possible source of such secreted miRNAs. Since differences in the circulating miRNAs have been found in a variety of age-associated diseases, and accumulation of senescent cells in the elderly emerges as a possible detrimental factor in aging, it is well conceivable that these miRNAs might contribute to the functional decline observed during aging of organisms. Therefore, we here give an overview on current knowledge on microvesicular secretion of miRNAs, changes of the systemic and tissue environments during aging of cells and organisms. Finally, we summarize current knowledge on miRNAs that are found to be specific for age-associated diseases.
Trust in electronic commerce: definition and theoretical considerations (2002)

Successful electronic commerce sites allow businesses to create low-cost or more efficient channels for product sales or to create new business opportunities. The success and acceptance of most online businesses depend on several factors, both technological and social. In this paper, we examine the role of trust in the successful use and adoption of electronic commerce applications. We define trust as a belief in the system characteristics, specifically belief in the competence, dependability and security of the system, under conditions of risk. Based on this definition, we develop a theoretical model that identifies the factors that effect users' trust in electronic commerce. The theoretical model presented in this paper serves as the basis for future empirical studies that will aim to measure the impact of these factors on the development of trust in electronic commerce.
2-Substitution of N6-Benzyladenosine-5'-uronamides Enhances Selectivity for A3 Adenosine Receptors (1994)

Adenosine derivatives bearing an N6-(3-iodobenzyl) group, reported to enhance the affinity of adenosine-5'-uronamide analogues as agonists at A3 adenosine receptors (J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 636-646), were synthesized starting from methyl beta-D-ribofuranoside in 10 steps. Binding affinities at A1 and A2a receptors in rat brain membranes and at cloned rat A3 receptors from stably transfected CHO cells were compared. N6-(3-Iodobenzyl)adenosine was 2-fold selective for A3 vs A1 or A2a receptors; thus it is the first monosubstituted adenosine analogue having any A3 selectivity. The effects of 2-substitution in combination with modifications at the N6- and 5'-positions were explored. 2-Chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine had a Ki value of 1.4 nM and moderate selectivity for A3 receptors. 2-Chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine- 5'-N-methyluronamide, which displayed a Ki value of 0.33 nM, was selective for A3 vs A1 and A2a receptors by 2500- and 1400-fold, respectively. It was 46,000-fold selective for A3 receptors vs the Na(+)-independent adenosine transporter, as indicated in displacement of [3H]N6-(4- nitrobenzyl)-thioinosine binding in rat brain membranes. In a functional assay in CHO cells, it inhibited adenylate cyclase via rat A3 receptors with an IC50 of 67 nM. 2-(Methylthio)-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide and 2-(methylamino)-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide were less potent, but nearly as selective for A3 receptors. Thus, 2-substitution (both small and sterically bulky) is well-tolerated at A3 receptors, and its A3 affinity-enhancing effects are additive with effects of uronamides at the 5'-position and a 3-iodobenzyl group at the N6-position.
AN IMPROVED GLOBAL UPSCALING APPROACH FOR RESERVOIR SIMULATION (2001)

Realistic upscaling of fine-scale reservoir models is a great challenge for reservoir engineers. The common problem of conventional upscaling methods is that they may smear out the spatially continuous permeability extremes, such as shale barriers and open fractures. Recent studies have shown that such smearing effect has a significant impact on recovery in heterogeneous reservoirs, especially the breakthrough oil recovery. The conventional methods are considered as local upscaling which concentrate on only local areas and ignore geologically important structural information. A recent global upscaling approach attempts to solve this problem, but the resulting grid system may be over-irregular and becomes impractical for field applications. This paper presents an improved global upscaling approach based on the representative elemental volume (REV) theory and the stepwise idea from renormalization. The new method focuses on the use of a new concept of REVGS (REV Grid System) for constructing coarse blocks, ...
β-SiC MESFET's and buried-gate JFET's (1987)

β-SiC MESFET and buried-gate JFET structures have been fabricated and evaluated. Both structures employ an epitaxial n-on-p SiC layer grown by chemical vapor deposition on a p-type Si
Cd47 Ligation Selectively Downregulates Human Interleukin 12 Production (1999)

Interleukin (IL)-12 plays a key role not only in protective innate and adaptive T helper cell type 1 (Th1) responses but also in chronic inflammatory diseases. We report here that engagement of CD47 by either monoclonal antibody, its natural ligand thrombospondin (TSP), or 4N1K (a peptide of the COOH-terminal domain of TSP selectively binding CD47) inhibits IL-12 release by monocytes. The suppression occurred after T cell-dependent or -independent stimulation of monocytes and was selective for IL-12 inasmuch as the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-1, IL-6, and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor was not inhibited. CD47 ligation did not alter transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and IL-10 production, and the suppressive effect on IL-12 was not due to autocrine secretion of TGF-beta or IL-10. The IL-12 inhibition was not mediated by Fcgamma receptor ligation, did not require extracellular Ca(2+) influx, but was reversed by two phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors (wortmannin and Ly294002). Thus, engagement of CD47 on monocytes by TSP, which transiently accumulates at the inflammatory site, is a novel and unexplored pathway to selectively downregulate IL-12 response. The pathway may be relevant in limiting the duration and intensity of the inflammatory response, and in developing novel therapeutic strategies for Th1-mediated diseases.
Neuroprotective Efficacy and Mechanisms of Novel Pyrrolopyrimidine Lipid Peroxidation Inhibitors in the Gerbil Forebrain Ischemia Model (1998)

A brief period of bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO)-induced forebrain ischemia in gerbils triggers neuronal degeneration and the subsequent expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), b-amyloid protein (b-AP), and apolipoprotein E (APO-E) in the selectively vulnerable CA1 region of the hippocampus. The increase in immunoreactivity is secondary to the postischemic degeneration of the CA1 neurons and is largely astrocyte-derived as evidenced by a simultaneous increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining. Oxygen radical-induced lipid peroxidation has been strongly suggested to play a role in postischemic neuronal damage and Alzheimer's disease. Recent literature suggests a possible link between early oxidative stress and APP overexpression. Therefore, the present investigation examined the effect of two novel brain-penetrating pyrrolopyrimidine lipid peroxidation inhibitors (PNU-101033E and PNU-104067F) on CA1 neurodegeneration and the subsequent increase in APP, b-AP, APO-E, and GFAP immunostaining at 4 days after a 5-minute episode of forebrain ischemia. Using an antibody for lipid peroxidation-derived malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified proteins, the authors also examined the effects of PNU-104067F on MDA immunostaining 2 days after ischemia, before completion of the neuronal loss. At 2 days, the authors also evaluated microglial activation using an antibody to surface major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expressed by activated microglia. Gerbils were treated at 30 mg/kg orally 30 minutes before the BCO and 2 hours after ischemia, followed by daily dosing for the next day (microglia and MDA) and the successive 3 days for APP, b-AP, APO-E, and GFAP immunostaining. APP and APO-E staining was significantly suppressed by 50% and 66%, respectively, with either compound. b-AP immunoreactivity was decreased 56% with both compounds, and GFAP expression was significantly decreased 53% (PNU-101033E) and 60.5% (PNU-104067F). There was a concomitant partial sparing of the CA1 hippocampal neurons by both PNU-101033E and PNU-104067F (P < .01) as determined by cresyl violet histochemistry. PNU-104067F significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation-derived MDA immunostaining and microglia activation (P < .05) at 48 hours after ischemia. Brain-penetrable lipid peroxidation inhibitors may provide attenuation of various glial response proteins after ischemic injury, probably secondary to neuronal protection.
Context-aware middleware for resource management in the wireless internet (2003)

The provisioning of Web services over the wireless Internet introduces novel challenging issues for service design and implementation: from user/terminal mobility during service execution, to wide heterogeneity of portable access devices and unpredictable modifications in accessible resources. In this scenario, there are frequent provision-time changes in the context, defined as the logical set of accessible resources depending on client location, access terminal capabilities, and system/service management policies. The development of context-dependent services requires novel middlewares with full context visibility. We propose a middleware for context-aware resource management, called CARMEN, capable of supporting the automatic reconfiguration of wireless Internet services in response to context changes without any intervention on the service logic. CARMEN determines the context on the basis of metadata, which include declarative management policies and profiles for user preferences, terminal capabilities, and resource characteristics. In addition, CARMEN exploits the mobile agent technology to implement mobile middleware components that follow the provision-time movement of clients to support locally their customized service access. The proposed middleware shows how metadata and mobile agents can favor component reusability and automatic service reconfiguration, by reducing the development/ deployment complexity.
Distribution of decay-accelerating factor in the peripheral blood of normal individuals and patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. (1985)

Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) is a 70,000 Mr protein that has been isolated from the membrane of red cells. The function of DAF is to inhibit the assembly of amplifying enzymes of the complement cascade on the cell surface, thereby protecting them from damage by autologous complement. We raised monoclonal antibodies to DAF and used them to study its distribution in cells from the peripheral blood of normal individuals and of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), a disease characterized by the unusual susceptibility of red cells to the hemolytic activity of complement. The results of immunoradiometric assays and of fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis showed that DAF was present not only on red cells but was widely distributed on the surface membrane of platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, and B and T lymphocytes. By Western blotting, we observed small but consistent differences in the Mr of DAF from the membranes of various cell types. Quantitative studies showed that phagocytes and B lymphocytes, which presumably enter more frequently in contact with immune complexes and other potential activators of complement, had the highest DAF levels. As previously reported by others, the red cells from PNH patients were DAF deficient. When the patients' red cells were incubated in acidified serum (Ham test), only the DAF-deficient cells were lysed. In addition, we detected defects in DAF expression on platelets and all types of leukocytes. The observed patterns of DAF deficiency in these patients were consistent with the concept that the PNH cells were of monoclonal origin. In one patient, abnormal and normal cells were found only in the erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic lineages. In two other patients, the lymphocytes were also DAF deficient, suggesting that a mutation occurred in a totipotent stem cell. It appears, therefore, that the lesion leading to PNH can occur at various stages in the differentiation of hematopoietic cells.
Deficient release of prostacyclin-like activity by rat stomach under stress. (1988)

It is known that a confinement procedure will promote histological alterations in the gastric mucosa of rats. It is our hypothesis that, under these conditions, there should be an alteration in prostacyclin metabolism. Our findings corroborate this idea, which makes us suppose that the deficient release of prostacyclin-like activity by the rat's stomach may play an important role in gastric mucosa vitality and in its consequent damage.
Prefetching strategies for partitioned shared objects (1996)

The author has developed a parallel programming model in which partitioned shared objects encapsulate the state and the distribution of data structures in shared-data objects. In this model, the state of an object can be accessed through sequential or parallel operations. This paper describes the object model and partition dependency graphs (PDGs), a mechanism our runtime system uses to prefetch data, reduce access overhead, and increase the overlap between computation and communication during the execution of parallel operations. This mechanism can be applied to statically as well as dynamically allocated objects, i.e., objects for which size and distribution may or may not be known at compile time. This paper illustrates the effectiveness of our prefetching mechanism with two applications: successive overrelaxation (SOR) and fast Fourier transform (FFT). With prefetching, we obtained, respectively, up to 30% and 10% performance improvement.
Protein translation elongation factor-1 alpha from Trypanosoma brucei binds calmodulin. (1994)

The following study examines the calmodulin (CaM) branch of the calcium signal pathway in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. To accomplish this goal, a subset of cytosolic CaM-binding proteins (CaMBPs) was partially purified by a combination of DE52 and CaM-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Monoclonal antibodies (CBP-KK1) were used to clone the cDNA for a 53-kDa CaMBP from a lambda ZAP expression library of the metacyclic stage of T. brucei. The deduced amino acid sequence of clone CaMBP-12B had 81% overall amino acid identity to the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) from Euglena gracilis and 76% identity to the rabbit EF-1 alpha. Rabbit EF-1 alpha was recognized by CBP-KK1 and was shown to bind to CaM-Sepharose in a calcium-dependent manner. By contrast, the complex of EF-1 alpha beta gamma did not bind CaM-Sepharose. A heterobifunctional sulfhydryl derivative of CaM (N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate-CaM) formed reducible cross-links with EF-1 alpha in solution but not with the complex of EF-1 alpha beta gamma. Biotinylated CaM bound weakly to trypanosome and rabbit EF-1 alpha in a gel overlay assay. This report demonstrates the direct interaction between CaM and the translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha.
Tumor-Expressed IDO Recruits and Activates MDSCs in a Treg-Dependent Manner (2015)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been described as a major mechanism of immunosuppression in tumors, though the mechanisms of this are poorly understood. Here, we find that expression of IDO by tumor cells results in aggressive tumor growth and resistance to T-cell-targeting immunotherapies. We demonstrate that IDO orchestrates local and systemic immunosuppressive effects through recruitment and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), through a mechanism dependent on regulatory T cells (Tregs). Supporting these findings, we find that IDO expression in human melanoma tumors is strongly associated with MDSC infiltration. Treatment with a selective IDO inhibitor in vivo reversed tumor-associated immunosuppression by decreasing numbers of tumor-infiltrating MDSCs and Tregs and abolishing their suppressive function. These findings establish an important link between IDO and multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms active in the tumor microenvironment, providing a strong rationale for therapeutic targeting of IDO as one of the central regulators of immune suppression.
Evaluation of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gp50 as a vaccine for Aujeszky's disease in mice and swine: expression by vaccinia virus and Chinese hamster ovary cells (1987)

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alphaherpesvirus which causes an economically important disease of swine. One of the PRV glycoproteins, gp50, was previously identified as the sequence homolog of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein gD (E.A. Petrovskis, J.G. Timmins, M.A. Armentrout, C.C. Marchioli, R.J. Yancey, Jr., and L.E. Post, J. Virol. 59:216-223, 1986). gp50 was evaluated as a PRV subunit vaccine candidate. gp50 protected mice from PRV-induced mortality either when delivered via infection with a recombinant vaccinia virus or when administered as a subunit vaccine produced in a eucaryotic cell line, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In addition, gp50 synthesized in CHO cells protected pigs from lethal infection with PRV. This result demonstrates that a single viral glycoprotein could induce a protective immune response in the natural host of a herpesvirus infection.
Detection of hot spots in thin metal films using an ultra sensitive dual channel noise measurement system (2003)

A dual-channel noise measurement system capable of detecting the thermal noise of a 1- Omega resistor at room temperature was designed and constructed. The system was based on amplifying the noise signal under detection through two separated channels and taking the cospectrum estimate of the output of two channels. The system was used to measure the thermal noise and compare effective noise temperatures in electromigration-damaged and undamaged thin aluminium films. >
Th17 Cells in MS and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. (2009)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is regarded as a Tcell mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It has been traditionally seen as a Th1-mediated autoimmune disease, a notion which has been largely supported by studies in its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, evidence has accumulated in recent years that a newly described lineage of (autoantigen-specific) T-cells, which are characterized by the production of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 17 (Th17) cells, might be the relevant effector cell population instead. This is supported by studies both in MS patients and in the EAE mouse model. Research in this field currently centres on the endogenous factors which are required for the priming and expansion of CNS autoantigen specific Th17 cells as well as on exogenous factors which trigger Th17 differentiation and activation. This review tries to provide an overview of the relevant literature and to summarize the current body of evidence on the role of Th17 cells in CNS autoimmune disease.