gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutant huntingtin directly increases susceptibility of mitochondria to the calcium-induced permeability transition and cytochrome c release (2004)

Huntington's disease (HD) is initiated by an abnormally expanded polyglutamine stretch in the huntingtin protein, conferring a novel property on the protein that leads to the loss of striatal neurons. Defects in mitochondrial function have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HD. Here, we have examined the hypothesis that the mutant huntingtin protein may directly interact with the mitochondrion and affect its function. In human neuroblastoma cells and clonal striatal cells established from HdhQ7 (wild-type) and HdhQ111 (mutant) homozygote mouse knock-in embryos, huntingtin was present in a purified mitochondrial fraction. Subfractionation of the mitochondria and limited trypsin digestion of the organelle demonstrated that huntingtin was associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane. We further demonstrated that a recombinant truncated mutant huntingtin protein, but not a wild-type, directly induced mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore opening in isolated mouse liver mitochondria, an effect that was prevented completely by cyclosporin A (CSA) and ATP. Importantly, the mutant huntingtin protein significantly decreased the Ca2+ threshold necessary to trigger MPT pore opening. We found a similar increased susceptibility to the calcium-induced MPT in liver mitochondria isolated from a knock-in HD mouse model. The mutant huntingtin protein-induced MPT pore opening was accompanied by a significant release of cytochrome c, an effect completely inhibited by CSA. These findings suggest that the development of specific MPT inhibitors may be an interesting therapeutic avenue to delay the onset of HD.
WORDiJ: a word-pair approach to information retrieval (1993)

WORDij is a system based on a linkage or network model for representing textual information. The fondamental unit of analysis is the word pair, or bi-gram phrase, rather than the individual term. WORDij also takes a local approach to term occurence
Line shapes of atomic hydrogen in hollow-cathode discharges (1984)

Emission lines of atomic hydrogen produced in the hollow cathode of an electric glow discharge are found to have articulated line shapes indicating three quite different excitation mechanisms for the emitting atoms. Particularly striking is the extensive development of the far wings, which have Gaussian line shapes with FWHM values attaining 10 cm(-1) or more. This corresponds to an atomic kinetic energy greater than 100 eV and suggests an origin for such energy in the cathode-fall region.
Reversal of immune thrombocytopenia in mice by cross‐linking human immunoglobulin G with a high‐affinity monoclonal antibody (2006)

Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIgs) are used to treat an increasing number of autoimmune diseases, but their exact mechanism of action remains unknown. This study showed that cross-linking of human IgG present in IVIg preparations using a mouse monoclonal anti-human IgG generated complexes that prevented or reversed thrombocytopenia in mice more efficiently than IVIg. Furthermore, biologically active complexes were obtained simply by adding the monoclonal antibody to human serum. These results suggest the possible development of an IVIg-free substitute through the ex vivo, and possibly in vivo, formation of immune complexes containing autologous IgG of immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients.
Turizm Teknolojileri ile İlgili Araştırmalarının Kavramsallaştırılması: Vosviewer ile Bibliyometrik Analiz (2023)

Turizm sektörü küresel gelişmelere kayıtsız kalamayacak kadar hassas bir sektördür. Teknolojik gelişmeler küresel sistemin en güncel gelişmeleri arasında yer almaktadır. Turizm sektörü ise bu gelişmelere en hızlı ayak uyduran sektörler arasında yer almaktadır. Dolayısıyla bilim insanları bu alana ilgi duymakta ve turizm-teknoloji ilişkisi üzerine yapılan çalışmalar hızla artmaktadır. Bu çalışma son on yıl içerisinde Web of Science (WoS) veri tabanında bulunan, turizm-teknoloji ilişkisi içerisinde yapılan çalışmaların bibliyometrik bir analizidir. 377 makalenin analize dahil edildiği çalışma, araştırmaları yazar ve atıf dağılımı yönünden incelemiştir. Bu çalışma, turizm- teknoloji ilişkisi üzerine çalışma yapacak olan araştırmacılara rehber olarak hizmet etmesi amacı ile yazılmıştır. Sonuçlar, turizm-teknoloji kavramlarının alan yazında yoğun bir şekilde çalışıldığını, özellikle pandemi dönemi sonrası artış sağladığını göstermektedir.
Pre-corneal tear film thickness in humans measured with a novel technique. (2011)

This technique for imaging the ocular surface appears to provide tear thickness values in agreement with other non-invasive methods. Moreover, the technique can differentiate between normal and dry eye patient types.
Rapid Diagnosis of Dengue Viremia by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction using 3′-Noncoding Region Universal Primers (1997)

A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was developed as a rapid diagnostic test of dengue viremia. To detect dengue viruses in serum or plasma specimens, a pair of universal primers was designed for use in the RT-PCR. Using these primers, the 3'-noncoding region of dengue virus types 1, 2, 3, and 4 could be amplified, but not those of other flaviviruses, such as West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and yellow fever virus, or the alphavirus Sindbis virus. The sensitivity of the RT-PCR assay was similar to that of a quantitative fluorescent focus assay of dengue viruses in cell culture. Combining a silica method for RNA isolation and RT-PCR dengue virus could be detected in a 6-hr assay. In a preliminary study using this method, we detected dengue virus in 38 of 39 plasma specimens from which dengue virus had been isolated by mosquito inoculation. We then applied this method for detecting dengue viremia to 117 plasma samples from 62 children with acute febrile illnesses in a dengue-endemic area. We detected dengue viremia in 19 of 20 samples obtained on the day of presentation, which had been confirmed as acute dengue infection by mosquito inoculation and antibody responses. The overall sensitivity of this method was 91.4% (32 of 35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 82.2-100%). The results from testing plasma samples from febrile nondengue patients showed a specificity of 95.4% (42 of 44; 95% CI = 89.3-100%).
Solid‐State Conversion of Single Crystals: The Principle and the State‐of‐the‐Art (2015)

Solid‐state conversion of single crystals from polycrystalline materials has the advantages of cost‐effectiveness, chemical homogeneity, and versatility over the conventional melt growth and solution growth methods, particularly for systems with high melting points, incongruent melting, high reactivity (volatility), and phase transformations at high temperature. Nevertheless, for commercial production, this technique has only been successful in a few limited systems, in particular ferroelectric systems. This is mostly because of the difficulty in controlling the microstructure, particularly suppressing grain growth in the polycrystal during its conversion. This article describes the principle and the current status of the solid‐state conversion of single crystals. We first introduce the recently developed principle of microstructural evolution to explain the basis of the microstructure control in polycrystals for solid‐state conversion. We then report recent technical developments in fabricating single crystals by the solid‐state single crystal growth ( SSCG ) method and their physical properties. The SSCG method is expected to be studied and utilized more widely in fabricating single crystals with complex compositions as a strong alternative to the melt growth and solution growth methods.
Transdermal fluorescence detection of a dual fluorophore system for noninvasive point-of-care gastrointestinal permeability measurement (2019)

The intestinal mucosal barrier prevents macromolecules and pathogens from entering the circulatory stream. Tight junctions in this barrier are compromised in inflammatory bowel diseases, environmental enteropathy, and enteric dysfunction. Dual sugar absorption tests are a standard method for measuring gastrointestinal integrity, however, these are not clinically amenable. Herein, we report on a dual fluorophore system and fluorescence detection instrumentation for which gastrointestinal permeability is determined in a rat small bowel disease model from the longitudinal measured transdermal fluorescence of each fluorophore. This fluorophore technology enables a specimen-free, noninvasive, point-of-care gastrointestinal permeability measurement which should be translatable to human clinical studies.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Modulators Studied at the NCI: Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies (2003)

The cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of cell cycle progression. Lead compounds (from empirical anti-proliferative screening approaches) have been defined which modulate CDK function and have evidence of anti-proliferative activity in tissue culture systems and in some cases anti-tumor activity in vivo in conventional xenogaft models. Two of these, flavopiridol and UCN-01, have entered initial clinical testing. Flavopiridol is a "pan-CDK" inhibitor, with essentially equal potency in inhibiting all CDKs tested. The recent elucidation that in addition to cell cycle regulatory functions, CDK family members have been defined which regulate transcription, neuronal, and secretory function has increased the need for definition of CDK antagonists with greater selectivity. Novel purine, pyrimidine, and benzazepinone derivatives have been characterized in part through the National Cancer Institute's drug screening systems. UCN-01, in contrast to flavopiridol, modulates CDK activity participating in the DNA damage response, possibly through potent inhibition of the chk1 checkpoint kinase, as well as affecting CDK function indirectly through activity on other kinase targets. An unexpected feature in its development has been avid binding to alpha(1) acid glycoprotein. Further progress in CDK modulator development will require the definition of additional lead structures that address issues raised by these early molecules entering into clinical development.
Hormonal control of liver regeneration (1974)

Two peaks in cyclic AMP production in rat livers 4 and 12h after partial hepatectomy (MacManus et al., 1972) were confirmed and a third peak established at 22h, which is the peak of DNA synthesis. The increases in cyclic AMP were prevented by beta-adrenergic blocking agents, propranolol and pindolol, without affecting ornithine decarboxylase induction or DNA synthesis. The alpha-blocking agents, phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine, given at the time of partial hepatectomy, delayed the rise in ornithine decarboxylase normally found 4h after operation, but did not affect DNA synthesis. If the alpha-blocking agents were given at 9-12h or 18h, the onset of DNA synthesis was delayed. Phenoxybenzamine did not affect the induction of ornithine decarboxylase in intact rat livers by glucagon or growth hormone, but did inhibit induction by dexamethasone. The induction of ornithine decarboxylase produced by dexamethasone was inhibited by 17alpha-hydroxy-progesterone; this compound also blocked the induction of ornithine decarboxylase in livers of partially hepatectomized rats.
Long-Term Enhancement of Brain Function and Cognition Using Cognitive Training and Brain Stimulation (2013)

Noninvasive brain stimulation has shown considerable promise for enhancing cognitive functions by the long-term manipulation of neuroplasticity. However, the observation of such improvements has been focused at the behavioral level, and enhancements largely restricted to the performance of basic tasks. Here, we investigate whether transcranial random noise stimulation (TRNS) can improve learning and subsequent performance on complex arithmetic tasks. TRNS of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a key area in arithmetic, was uniquely coupled with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure online hemodynamic responses within the prefrontal cortex. Five consecutive days of TRNS-accompanied cognitive training enhanced the speed of both calculation- and memory-recall-based arithmetic learning. These behavioral improvements were associated with defined hemodynamic responses consistent with more efficient neurovascular coupling within the left DLPFC. Testing 6 months after training revealed long-lasting behavioral and physiological modifications in the stimulated group relative to sham controls for trained and nontrained calculation material. These results demonstrate that, depending on the learning regime, TRNS can induce long-term enhancement of cognitive and brain functions. Such findings have significant implications for basic and translational neuroscience, highlighting TRNS as a viable approach to enhancing learning and high-level cognition by the long-term modulation of neuroplasticity.
Regulation of fibroblast growth factor-23 in chronic kidney disease (2007)

We conclude that serum FGF23 increases in CKD 4-5, in parallel with the emerging hyperphosphataemia. Serum Pi is the most important predictor of FGF23 when GFR is less than 30 ml/min. In contrast, our data suggest that Pi may not be an important determinant of FGF23 in normophosphataemic CKD subjects. Finally, the association between FGF23 and PTH in CKD may suggest a co-regulation that remains to be further elucidated.
Expression of capacitation-dependent changes in chlortetracycline fluorescence patterns in mouse spermatozoa requires a suitable glycolysable substrate (1990)

Chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescence patterns were assessed in epididymal mouse sperm suspensions capacitated in exogenous substrate-containing and substrate-free media. A capacitation-dependent transition from a majority of acrosome-intact cells expressing the uncapacitated F pattern of fluorescence to a majority with the capacitated acrosome-intact B and acrosome-reacted AR patterns was confirmed for suspensions incubated a total of 120 min in the presence of a glycolysable substrate, glucose. In contrast, assessment of spermatozoa incubated for 120 min in substrate-free medium revealed a majority of cells with the uncapacitated F pattern, despite an earlier demonstration that such cells are essentially capacitated: upon the introduction of glucose, suspensions are immediately highly fertile. When a suitable glycolysable substrate, either glucose or mannose but not fructose, was added to such suspensions, the distribution of CTC patterns changed within 10 min to a majority of B and AR patterns. Furthermore, the degree of change from uncapacitated to capacitated patterns was substrate concentration-dependent. In contrast, the introduction of the non-metabolizable substrates 2-deoxyglucose and 3-0-methylglucose and the oxidizable substrates sodium pyruvate and sodium lactate caused no change in the patterns from those seen in substrate-free medium. The in-vitro fertilizing ability of sperm suspensions to which increasing amounts of glucose or mannose were added, after initial substrate-free preincubation, directly paralleled the changes in CTC patterns and was as rapid as for suspensions incubated continuously in either hexose. We therefore conclude that the alteration in position of surface components to which CTC binds is not only capacitation-dependent, but also energy-dependent. In the absence of an appropriate exogenous glycolysable substrate, the final transition cannot occur, even though the cells are essentially capacitated.
Fibroblast-mediated acceleration of human epithelial tumor growth in vivo. (1990)

Transformed fibroblasts coinoculated with epithelial cells accelerated the growth and shortened the latency period of human epithelial tumors in athymic mice. Addition of NbF-1 fibroblasts caused epithelial tumors to grow from five marginally tumorigenic or "nontumorigenic" (nontumor-forming) human tumor cell lines or strains: PC-3 (prostate), WH (bladder), MDA-436 (breast), and cells derived from the ascites fluids of patients with metastatic renal pelvic or prostate cancers. Evidence for the human and epithelial nature of these experimental tumors was provided by histologic, immunohistochemical, Southern and dot-blot hybridization, and cytogenetic analyses. Transformed fibroblasts induced predominantly carcinosarcomas, whereas nontumorigenic fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) and lethally irradiated transformed fibroblasts induced exclusively carcinomas. The fibroblast-epithelial interaction appears to occur bidirectionally and does not result from cell fusion. Because coculture experiments in vitro did not demonstrate an increased cell proliferation, it appears that undefined host factors can influence tumor growth. This tumor model may be useful in drug-screening programs and in mechanistic studies of factors regulating human tumor growth and progression.
Dindel: Accurate indel calls from short-read data (2010)

Small insertions and deletions (indels) are a common and functionally important type of sequence polymorphism. Most of the focus of studies of sequence variation is on single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and large structural variants. In principle, high-throughput sequencing studies should allow identification of indels just as SNVs. However, inference of indels from next-generation sequence data is challenging, and so far methods for identifying indels lag behind methods for calling SNVs in terms of sensitivity and specificity. We propose a Bayesian method to call indels from short-read sequence data in individuals and populations by realigning reads to candidate haplotypes that represent alternative sequence to the reference. The candidate haplotypes are formed by combining candidate indels and SNVs identified by the read mapper, while allowing for known sequence variants or candidates from other methods to be included. In our probabilistic realignment model we account for base-calling errors, mapping errors, and also, importantly, for increased sequencing error indel rates in long homopolymer runs. We show that our method is sensitive and achieves low false discovery rates on simulated and real data sets, although challenges remain. The algorithm is implemented in the program Dindel, which has been used in the 1000 Genomes Project call sets.
Introduction of Raw Starch-Binding Domains into Bacillus subtilis α-Amylase by Fusion with the Starch-Binding Domain of Bacillus Cyclomaltodextrin Glucanotransferase (2000)

We constructed two types of chimeric enzymes, Ch1 Amy and Ch2 Amy. Ch1 Amy consisted of a catalytic domain of Bacillus subtilis X-23 alpha-amylase (Ba-S) and the raw starch-binding domain (domain E) of Bacillus A2-5a cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (A2-5a CGT). Ch2 Amy consisted of Ba-S and D (function unknown) plus E domains of A2-5a CGT. Ch1 Amy acquired raw starch-binding and -digesting abilities which were not present in the catalytic part (Ba-S). Furthermore, the specific activity of Ch1 Amy was almost identical when enzyme activity was evaluated on a molar basis. Although Ch2 Amy exhibited even higher raw starch-binding and -digesting abilities than Ch1 Amy, the specific activity was lower than that of Ba-S. We did not detect any differences in other enzymatic characteristics (amylolytic pattern, transglycosylation ability, effects of pH, and temperature on stability and activity) among Ba-S, Ch1 Amy, and Ch2 Amy.
Severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in a 32‐week pregnant woman treated with Remdesivir‐Dexamethasone combination therapy: A case report (2022)

This study shows that remdesivir and dexamethasone combination therapy can be considered as a suitable treatment choice for pregnant women infected with COVID-19. It is worth mentioning that more studies are required to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of remdesivir monotherapy and its combination with dexamethasone during pregnancy.
Can positron emission tomography distinguish tumor recurrence from irradiation sequelae in patients treated for larynx cancer? (1998)

Positron emission tomography is useful in distinguishing benign from malignant changes in the larynx after radiation treatment. This noninvasive technique can supplement information provided by computed tomography scans. It is reasonable to delay biopsy, which could traumatize radiation-damaged tissues and precipitate necrosis, for those patients with negative positron emission tomography scans who have clinical signs and symptoms associated with recurrence.
Estimation of the maximum change in stability of globular proteins upon mutation of a hydrophobic residue to another of smaller size (1993)

Although the hydrophobic effect is generally considered to be one of the most important forces in stabilizing the folded structure of a globular protein molecule, there is a lack of consensus on the precise magnitude of this effect. The magnitude of the hydrophobic effect is most directly measured by observing the change in stability of a protein molecule when an internal hydrophobic residue is mutated to another of smaller size. Results of such measurements have, however, been confusing because they vary greatly and are generally considerably larger than expected from the transfer free energies of corresponding small molecules. In this article, a thermodynamic argument is presented to show (1) that the variation is mainly due to that in the flexibility of the protein molecule at the site of mutation, (2) that the maximum destabilization occurs when the protein at the site of mutation is rigid, in which case the value of the destabilization is approximately given by the work of cavity formation in water, and (3) that the transfer free energy approximately gives the minimum of the range of variations. The best numerical agreements between the small molecule and the protein systems are obtained when the data from the small molecule system are expressed as the molarity-based standard free energies without other corrections.
STRUCTURAL AND MECHANISTIC DETERMINANTS OF AFFINITY AND SPECIFICITY OF LIGANDS DISCOVERED OR ENGINEERED BY PHAGE DISPLAY (1997)

The scope and utility of phage display is reviewed with emphasis on medical applications and structure-based ligand and drug design, from literature mostly after 1994. General principles by which phage-displayed peptides achieve affinity and selectivity for targets are described, along with selected structural or mechanistic studies of the binding of peptides or proteins discovered or engineered by phage display. Such engineered proteins whose wild-type or mutant crystal or 2D-NMR structures yield insight about the basis for enhanced affinity or altered specificity include antibodies, zinc fingers, human growth hormone, protein A, and atrial natriuretic peptide. Structures of complexes of de novo phage-discovered peptide ligands with targets such as the Src SH3 domain, streptavidin, and erythropoietin receptor reveal the structural basis for receptor-peptide recognition in these systems.