gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth and collapse of a vapor bubble in a narrow tube (2000)

The fluid mechanical aspects of the axisymmetric growth and collapse of a bubble in a narrow tube filled with a viscous liquid are studied numerically. The tube is open at both ends and connects two liquid reservoirs at constant pressure. The bubble is initially a small sphere and growth is triggered by a large internal pressure applied for a short time. After this initial phase, the motion proceeds by inertia. This model simulates the effect of an intense, localized, brief heating of the liquid which leads to the nucleation and growth of a bubble. The dimensionless parameters governing the problem are discussed and their effects illustrated with several examples. It is also shown that, when the bubble is not located at the midpoint of the tube, a net flow develops capable of pumping fluid from one reservoir to the other. The motivation for this work is offered by the possibility to use vapor bubbles as actuators in fluid-handling microdevices.
Specifying gestures by example (1991)

Gesture-Based interfaces offer an alternative to traditional keyboard, menu, and direct manipulation interfaces. The ability to specify objects, an operation, and additional parameters with a single intuitive gesture appeals to both novice and experienced users. Unfortunately, gesture-based interfaces have not been extensively researched, partly because they are difficult to create. This paper describes GRANDMA, a toolkit for rapidly adding gestures to direct manipulation interfaces. The trainable single-stroke gesture recognizer used by GRANDMA is also described.
Updating the Accounts: Global Mortality of the 1918-1920 "Spanish" Influenza Pandemic (2002)

The influenza pandemic of 1918-20 is recognized as having generally taken place in three waves, starting in the northern spring and summer of 1918. This pattern of three waves, however, was not universal: in some locations influenza seems to have persisted into or returned in 1920. The recorded statistics of influenza morbidity and mortality are likely to be a significant understatement. Limitations of these data can include nonregistration, missing records, misdiagnosis, and nonmedical certification, and may also vary greatly between locations. Further research has seen the consistent upward revision of the estimated global mortality of the pandemic, which a 1920s calculation put in the vicinity of 21.5 million. A 1991 paper revised the mortality as being in the range 24.7-39.3 million. This paper suggests that it was of the order of 50 million. However, it must be acknowledged that even this vast figure may be substantially lower than the real toll, perhaps as much as 100 percent understated.
Current approaches to the management of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (1998)

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a complex malignancy with many different clinical presentations, histologies, and varied treatment options depending on the histologic type and other prognostic factors. This article focuses on the major histologic subtypes of NHL with discussion of the natural history of each and information on various treatment options.
Safety and Metabolic Effects of L‐Glutamine Administration in Humans (1990)

A series of dose-response studies was conducted to evaluate the clinical safety, pharmacokinetics, and metabolic effects of L-glutamine administered to humans. Initial studies in normal individuals evaluated the short-term response to oral loads of glutamine at doses of 0, 0.1, and 0.3 g/kg. A dose-related increase in blood glutamine occurred after oral loading and elevation of amino acids known to be end products of glutamine metabolism occurred (including alanine, citrulline, and arginine). No evidence of clinical toxicity or generation of toxic metabolites (ammonia and glutamate) was observed. Glutamine was infused intravenously in normal subjects over 4 hr at doses of 0.0125 and 0.025 g/kg/hr. In addition, glutamine was evaluated as a component of parenteral nutrition solutions (0.285 and 0.570 g/kg/day) administered for 5 days to normal subjects. Intravenous administration of glutamine was well tolerated without untoward clinical or biochemical effects. Subsequent studies in patients receiving glutamine-enriched parenteral nutrition for several weeks confirmed the clinical safety of this approach in a catabolic patient population. In addition, nitrogen retention appeared to be enhanced when glutamine was administered at a dose of 0.570 g/kg/day in a balanced nutritional solution providing adequate calories (145% of basal) and protein (1.5 g/kg/day). Nitrogen balance in patients receiving lower doses of glutamine (0.285 g/kg/day) was similar to that in patients receiving standard formulations. Further controlled clinical trials of the metabolic efficacy, tolerance, and dose response of glutamine in other patient groups are necessary to determine the appropriate use of glutamine enrichment of nutrient solutions.
Long-Term Ethanol Exposure-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Migration and Invasion through Lysyl Oxidase Activation Are Attenuated by Combined Treatment with Pterostilbene and Curcumin Analogues (2013)

Ethanol consumption induces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell metastasis by changing the extracellular matrix (ECM). Lysyl oxidase (LOX) catalyzes the cross-linkage of collagen or elastin in the ECM. LOX protein and mRNA overexpression (>21-fold compared with controls, n = 6) was detected in cirrhotic HCC patients with a history of alcoholism. LOX protein expression was induced in HCC cells after long-term treatment with ethanol (10 mM) for 20-40 passages (denoted E20-E40 cells). Pterostilbene (PSB, 1 μM) displayed significant potency to reduce LOX-mediated activity in E40 cells when combined with curcumin and its analogues. The ability of E40 cells to form colonies in soft agar was reduced by both genetic depletion of LOX and by chemical inhibitors of LOX expression. This study suggests that targeting LOX expression with food components such as PSB and curcumin may be a novel strategy to overcome ethanol-induced HCC cell metastasis in liver cancer patients.
Circulating human plasmacytoid dendritic cells are highly sensitive to corticosteroid administration (2003)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), the major interferon-producing cell type found in human blood, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous studies in SLE have shown substantial deviations from normal in this minor but immunologically important leukocyte population. Many of the lupus patients studied were receiving corticosteroids. To determine the effects of steroid administration on pDC in healthy adults, four volunteers were given prednisone, 15-30 mg daily, for 4 days. Both counts of pDC, and their ability to produce IFN-alpha were significantly reduced (P = 0.02 and 0.004, respectively) during steroid administration, and rapidly recovered after discontinuation of the hormones. The overall reduction in pDC-derived IFN appeared to be attributable to falls of both number of circulating cells and of IFN produced per pDC. The effects observed with pDC were comparable in magnitude but opposite in direction to that observed for granulocytes. In contrast other blood leukocytes were little affected during steroid therapy.
Structural basis for evasion of IgA immunity by Staphylococcus aureus revealed in the complex of SSL7 with Fc of human IgA1 (2007)

Infection by Staphylococcus aureus can result in severe conditions such as septicemia, toxic shock, pneumonia, and endocarditis with antibiotic resistance and persistent nasal carriage in normal individuals being key drivers of the medical impact of this virulent pathogen. In both virulent infection and nasal colonization, S. aureus encounters the host immune system and produces a wide array of factors that frustrate host immunity. One in particular, the prototypical staphylococcal superantigen-like protein SSL7, potently binds IgA and C5, thereby inhibiting immune responses dependent on these major immune mediators. We report here the three-dimensional structure of the complex of SSL7 with Fc of human IgA1 at 3.2 Å resolution. Two SSL7 molecules interact with the Fc (one per heavy chain) primarily at the junction between the Cα2 and Cα3 domains. The binding site on each IgA chain is extensive, with SSL7 shielding most of the lateral surface of the Cα3 domain. However, the SSL7 molecules are positioned such that they should allow binding to secretory IgA. The key IgA residues interacting with SSL7 are also bound by the leukocyte IgA receptor, FcαRI (CD89), thereby explaining how SSL7 potently inhibits IgA-dependent cellular effector functions mediated by FcαRI, such as phagocytosis, degranulation, and respiratory burst. Thus, the ability of S. aureus to subvert IgA-mediated immunity is likely to facilitate survival in mucosal environments such as the nasal passage and may contribute to systemic infections.
The potential immunogenicity of the TK suicide gene does not prevent full clinical benefit associated with the use of TK-transduced donor lymphocytes in HSCT for hematologic malignancies (2007)

Gene therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for genetic and acquired hematologic diseases. With the improvements in gene transfer and expression, factors affecting safety and efficacy of gene therapy can now be evaluated to establish the best clinical benefit-to-risk ratio. The induction of immune responses against gene therapy components is one of the potential limitations. We studied the occurrence of such event in 23 patients treated with donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs), with lymphocytes transduced to express the HSV-TK suicide gene for relapse of hematologic malignancies occurring after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The suicide gene was used to selectively control graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Seven patients given infusions late after HSCT developed an immune response against the transgene. Immunization involved appearance of thymidine kinase (TK)-specific CD8(+) effectors and required a level of immunocompetence at the time of TK-DLI that can be achieved only several months after transplantation. This did not prevent graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect of the TK-DLI, since 5 of 7 immunized patients maintained the complete remission achieved prior to immunization. We suggest that appropriate study designs taking into account the immune suppression of the patient and time-kinetics of GvL mediated by TK-transduced donor lymphocytes may allow the full exploitation of TK-DLI.
The Preclinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Activity of the Novel CHK1 Inhibitor SAR-020106 (2010)

Genotoxic antitumor agents continue to be the mainstay of current cancer chemotherapy. These drugs cause DNA damage and activate numerous cell cycle checkpoints facilitating DNA repair and the maintenance of genomic integrity. Most human tumors lack functional p53 and consequently have compromised G(1)-S checkpoint control. This has led to the hypothesis that S and G(2)-M checkpoint abrogation may selectively enhance genotoxic cell killing in a p53-deficient background, as normal cells would be rescued at the G(1)-S checkpoint. CHK1 is a serine/threonine kinase associated with DNA damage-linked S and G(2)-M checkpoint control. SAR-020106 is an ATP-competitive, potent, and selective CHK1 inhibitor with an IC(50) of 13.3 nmol/L on the isolated human enzyme. This compound abrogates an etoposide-induced G(2) arrest with an IC(50) of 55 nmol/L in HT29 cells, and significantly enhances the cell killing of gemcitabine and SN38 by 3.0- to 29-fold in several colon tumor lines in vitro and in a p53-dependent fashion. Biomarker studies have shown that SAR-020106 inhibits cytotoxic drug-induced autophosphorylation of CHK1 at S296 and blocks the phosphorylation of CDK1 at Y15 in a dose-dependent fashion both in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxic drug combinations were associated with increased gammaH2AX and poly ADP ribose polymerase cleavage consistent with the SAR-020106-enhanced DNA damage and tumor cell death. Irinotecan and gemcitabine antitumor activity was enhanced by SAR-020106 in vivo with minimal toxicity. SAR-020106 represents a novel class of CHK1 inhibitors that can enhance antitumor activity with selected anticancer drugs in vivo and may therefore have clinical utility.
Safety profile of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors: focus on alipogene tiparvovec (Glybera®) (2013)

There has been great interest over the past two decades in developing gene therapies (GTs) to treat a variety of diseases; however, translating research findings into clinical treatments have proved to be a challenge. A major milestone in the development of GT has been achieved with the approval of alipogene tiparvovec (Glybera(®)) in Europe for the treatment of familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency. At this important stage with the evolution of GT into the clinic, this review will examine the safety aspects GT with adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. The topics that will be covered include acute reactions, immunological reactions to the AAV capsid and expressed transgene, viral biodistribution and shedding, DNA integration and carcinogenicity. These safety aspects of GT will be discussed with a focus on alipogene tiparvovec, in addition to other AAV vector GT products currently in clinical development.
B-Cell Epitopes and Quantification of the ESAT-6 Protein ofMycobacterium tuberculosis (1998)

ESAT-6 is an important T-cell antigen recognized by protective T cells in animal models of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with overlapping peptides spanning the sequence of ESAT-6, monoclonal antibody HYB76-8 reacted with two peptides in the N-terminal region of the molecule. Assays with synthetic truncated peptides allowed a precise mapping of the epitope to the residues EQQWNFAGIEAAA at positions 3 to 15. Hydrophilicity plots revealed one hydrophilic area at the N terminus and two additional areas further along the polypeptide chain. Antipeptide antibodies were generated by immunization with synthetic 8-mer peptides corresponding to these two regions coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Prolonged immunization with a 23-mer peptide (positions 40 to 62) resulted in the formation of antibodies reacting with the peptide as well as native ESAT-6. A double-antibody ELISA was then developed with monoclonal antibody HYB76-8 as a capture antibody, antigen for testing in the second layer, and antipeptide antibody in the third layer. The assay was suitable for quantification of ESAT-6 in M. tuberculosis antigen preparations, showing no reactivity with M. bovis BCG Tokyo culture fluid, used as a negative control, or with MPT64 or antigen 85B, previously shown to cross-react with HYB76-8. This capture ELISA permitted the identification of ESAT-6 expression from vaccinia virus constructs containing the esat-6 gene; this expression could not be identified by standard immunoblotting.
Recombinant Human-C1 Inhibitor Is Effective and Safe for Repeat Hereditary Angioedema Attacks (2015)

A single 50-IU/kg dose rhC1INH was effective for improving symptoms of an HAE attack with sustained efficacy for treatment of subsequent attacks. rhC1INH had a positive safety profile throughout the study. This study supports repeated use of rhC1INH over time in patients with HAE attacks.
Industrial Fiber Optic Networks (1995)

This book offers an accessible introduction to fiber optic networks for industrial control applications. It is suitable for plant engineers who need to select and manage a network supplier, or for personnel who will design, install, and maintain the fiber optic network itself. The text stresses integrating high reliability into the system design. The author explains the benefits of fiber optic transmission, the functions of network components, and component selection criteria. The book presents network design methods that yield redundant, fail-safe systems. Readers learn standards and practices used in telephony and enterprise data and see how to apply them in industry. The final chapter discusses emerging trends and their probable impact on industrial networks. (Volume in ILM Series). Contents: Benefits of Fiber Optics Optical Fibers Cables Connectors and Splices Modems Sources and Detectors Network Design Test Methods Comparison of Industrial, Data, and Telephony Networks Systems New Directions for Industrial Networks.
Immunopharmacology. Immunomodulation and immunotherapy (1992)

IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY involves the study of the regulation of the immune system by pharmacological agents and the development of methods to selectively modify immune function to treat human disease. The delineation of the cellular immune system and the mechanisms of allograft reaction discovered in the early 1960s brought immunosuppression for transplantation and for selected use in autoimmune disease. In the last 15 years, the demonstration of the prevalence of cellular immune defects in cancer, aging, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases has generated interest in the development of immunotherapeutic agents. This chapter provides a brief introduction to immunosuppression and immunotoxicology with emphasis on recent developments in preclinical immunopharmacology and experimental immunotherapeutics. <h3>IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY</h3> A variety of immunosuppressive agents and procedures have been found to be useful in the treatment of autoimmune disease<sup>1</sup>as well as organ transplantation<sup>2</sup>(Table 24-1). These agents are extensively used in cancer therapy primarily because of their
Role of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) particle size on gas-foamed scaffolds (2004)

Macroporous polymeric scaffolds are frequently used in tissue engineering to allow for cell seeding and host cell invasion of the scaffold following implantation. The process of gas foaming/particulate leaching (GF/PL) is one method to form porous three dimensional scaffolds from particulate poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG). The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that the size of the polymer particles used in this process will control the properties of the scaffolds. Scaffolds were prepared from PLG particles of various sizes (less than 75 microm, 75-106 microm, 106-250 microm and 250-425 microm) and subsequently analyzed. Scaffolds formed from large particles (250-425 microm) displayed significantly decreased compressive moduli, as compared to scaffolds fabricated from smaller particles. In addition, these scaffolds have a pore structure that is less interconnected and contains closed pores. Analysis of tissue in-growth, utilizing a novel computer-aided method, demonstrated that scaffolds formed from smaller particle sizes (less than 106 microm) have significantly more tissue penetration than those formed from larger particle sizes (greater than 106 microm). These results indicate that using small PLG particles (less than 106 microm) leads to high elastic moduli, provides a more interconnected pore structure and promotes greater tissue penetration into the scaffolds in vivo.
Conditional Prediction Intervals of Wind Power Generation (2010)

A generic method for the providing of prediction intervals of wind power generation is described. Prediction intervals complement the more common wind power point forecasts, by giving a range of potential outcomes for a given probability, their so-called nominal coverage rate. Ideally they inform of the situation-specific uncertainty of point forecasts. In order to avoid a restrictive assumption on the shape of forecast error distributions, focus is given to an empirical and nonparametric approach named adapted resampling. This approach employs a fuzzy inference model that permits to integrate expertise on the characteristics of prediction errors for providing conditional interval forecasts. By simultaneously generating prediction intervals with various nominal coverage rates, one obtains full predictive distributions of wind generation. Adapted resampling is applied here to the case of an onshore Danish wind farm, for which three point forecasting methods are considered as input. The probabilistic forecasts generated are evaluated based on their reliability and sharpness, while compared to forecasts based on quantile regression and the climatology benchmark. The operational application of adapted resampling to the case of a large number of wind farms in Europe and Australia among others is finally discussed.
Effect of reductive alkylation of D-lysine in position 6 on the histamine-releasing activity of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonists (1987)

The reductive alkylation of the D-Lys side chain in position 6 of the LH-RH antagonist [N-Ac-D-Nal1,D-Phe2,3,D-Arg6,Phe7,D-Ala10]LH-RH was investigated in an attempt to reduce the histamine-releasing activity inherent to most potent antagonists while retaining high antiovulatory activity. The protected parent analogue was prepared by conventional solid-phase peptide synthesis. After selective removal of the Lys Fmoc side-chain protection, the resin-bound peptide was readily and conveniently alkylated at the epsilon amino group with various aldehydes and ketones in the presence of NaCNBH3. The analogues were then cleaved from the resin with simultaneous deprotection by anbydrous hydrogen fluoride and purified to homogeneity in two stages: gel permeation followed by preparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The analogues were assayed in standard rat antiovulatory and in vitro histamine-release assays. Simple alkyl groups such as ethyl, isopropyl, neopentyl, and cyclohexyl caused little reduction in histamine-releasing activity while exhibiting antiovulatory activity similar to that of the parent peptide. The presence of benzyl and substituted benzyl groups resulted in substantial losses of both histamine-releasing and antiovulatory activities. Thus, results showed that alterations in the hydrophobicity and size of the position-6 side chain have little effect on histamine-releasing activity or antiovulatory activity as long as a high degree of basicity is retained.
Surface-modified electrochemical detector for liquid chromatography (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface-modified electrochemical detector for liquid chromatographyG. Sittampalam and G. S. WilsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 9, 1608–1610Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00260a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00260a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts