gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zinc Mediation of the Binding of Human Growth Hormone to the Human Prolactin Receptor (1990)

Human growth hormone (hGH) elicits a diverse set of biological activities including lactation that derives from binding to the prolactin (PRL) receptor. The binding affinity of hGH for the extracellular binding domain of the hPRL receptor (hPRLbp) was increased about 8000-fold by addition of 50 micromolar ZnCl2. Zinc was not required for binding of hGH to the hGH binding protein (hGHbp) or for binding of hPRL to the hPRLbp. Other divalent metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Co2+) at physiological concentrations did not support such strong binding. Scatchard analysis indicated a stoichiometry of one Zn2+ per hGH.hPRLbp complex. Mutational analysis showed that a cluster of three residues (His18, His21, and Glu174) in hGH and His188 from the hPRLbp (conserved in all PRL receptors but not GH receptors) are probable Zn2+ ligands. This polypeptide hormone.receptor "zinc sandwich" provides a molecular mechanism to explain why nonprimate GHs are not lactogenic and offers a molecular link between zinc deficiency and its association with altered functions of hGH.
Ozonation and Peroxone Oxidation of Toluene in Aqueous Solutions (1996)

This research investigates the kinetics of the aqueous-phase oxidation of toluene by ozone and ozone−hydrogen peroxide mixtures at 25 °C. The oxidation kinetics is first order with respect to the ozone concentration, and the reaction order in toluene varies with pH and the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide. The peroxone oxidation is one-half order with respect to hydrogen peroxide in distilled water (initial pH of 5.4) and other solutions of higher pH. In acidic solutions with an initial pH of 3 or less, the overall kinetics is second order; the direct oxidation of toluene by ozone molecules is predominant in determining the slow rate of reaction. The reaction becomes very fast and enhanced by hydrogen peroxide, if present, in alkaline solutions with an initial pH of 10 or above. Under these conditions, the reaction is controlled by hydroxyl radical reactions and is independent of the toluene concentration in the traditional and advanced ozonation processes.
A Phase 3, Multicenter, Open-Label, 12-Month Extension Safety and Tolerability Trial of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With Binge Eating Disorder (2017)

In this 12-month, open-label, extension study, the long-term safety and tolerability of LDX in adults with BED were generally consistent with its established profile for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
IncreasedWSB1copy number correlates with its over-expression which associates with increased survival in neuroblastoma (2006)

Gain of chromosome 17 is the most prevalent genetic abnormality identified in neuroblastoma (NB) and distal 17q gain has prognostic significance in NB. In this report, we have combined array-based comparative genomic hybridization (A-CGH) and gene expression analysis to investigate gene copy number changes and its impact on the gene expression level as well as their association with prognosis genes located on chromosome 17 in NB tumors. We observed differential gains of chromosome 17 between Stages 4- and 4S tumors. We found that WSB1, mapping to 17q11.1, which was frequently gained in 4S- tumors and not changed in 4- tumors, showed strong correlations between expression level and copy number. Furthermore, the increase of WSB1 gene expression is associated with good outcome in patients with NB of all stages. WSB1 also enhances the prognostic prediction when combined with other current prognostic factors in NB. Our results demonstrate that WSB1 copy number correlates with its expression level and that its high expression associates with good prognosis suggesting a possible role of this gene in the biology of favorable outcome NB. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045-2257/suppmat. Published 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Activation of Retinoid X Receptors Induces Apoptosis in HL-60 Cell Lines (1995)

Retinoids induce myeloblastic leukemia (HL-60) cells to differentiate into granulocytes, which subsequently die by apoptosis. Retinoid action is mediated through at least two classes of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors, which bind both all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid, and retinoid X receptors, which bind only 9-cis retinoic acid. Using receptor-selective synthetic retinoids and HL-60 cell sublines with different retinoid responsiveness, we have investigated the contribution that each class of receptors makes to the processes of cellular differentiation and death. Our results demonstrate that ligand activation of retinoic acid receptors is sufficient to induce differentiation, whereas ligand activation of retinoid X receptors is essential for the induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cell lines.
Geographical distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in blood donors: an international collaborative survey (1994)

The frequency of infection with the six classified major genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was investigated in 447 infected volunteer blood donors from the following nine countries: Scotland, Finland, The Netherlands, Hungary, Australia, Egypt, Japan, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Viral sequences in plasma from blood donors infected with HCV were amplified in the 5'-noncoding region and were typed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Electrophoresis of DNA fragments produced by cleavage with HaeIII-RsaI and ScrFI-HinfI allowed HCV types 1 (or 5), 2, 3, 4, and 6 to be identified. Further analysis with MvaI-HinfI allowed sequences of the type 5 genotype to be distinguished from sequences of the type 1 genotype. Types 1, 2, and 3 accounted for almost all infections in donors from Scotland, Finland, The Netherlands, and Australia. Types 2 and 3 were not found in the eastern European country (Hungary), where all but one of the donors were infected with type 1. Donors from Japan and Taiwan were infected only with type 1 or 2, while types 1, 2, and 6 were found in those from Hong Kong. HCV infection among Egyptians was almost always by type 4. Donors infected with HCV type 1 showed broad serological reactivity with all four antigens of the second generation Chiron RIBA-2 assay (Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, Calif.), while infection with divergent HCV genotypes elicited antibodies mainly reactive to c22-3 and c33c. Reactivities with antibodies 5-1-1 and c100-3 were infrequent and were generally weak, irrespective of the geographical origin of the donor. Because the envelope region of HCV is even more variable than the NS-4 region, it is likely that vaccines based on these proteins need to be multivalent and perhaps specifically adapted for different geographical regions.
Immunogenicity of biologic therapies: causes and consequences (2018)

Antibodies or fusion proteins termed biologics allow the targeted therapy of diseases. Many of these agents have proven superior efficacy and safety to conventional therapies, and subsequently revolutionized the management of numerous chronic diseases. Repetitive administration of these protein-based therapeutics to immunocompetent patients elicit immune responses in the form of Anti Drug Antibodies (ADAs), which in turn impact their pharmacological properties and may trigger adverse events. Areas covered: Structural characteristics determining the immunogenicity of biologics are reviewed along with strategies to minimize it. Next, the different types of treatment-emerging ADAs, their potential clinical implications, and assays to detect them are addressed. Emphasis is put on the review of data on the immunogenicity of different types of biologics across numerous indications. Finally, practical considerations are discussed on how to manage patients with issues around the immunogenicity of their biologic treatment. Expert commentary: Immunogenicity is a clinically relevant criterion when selecting a biologic. Besides intrinsic properties of the agent (namely its structure), its respective mode of action, dosing regimen, comedication, and the indication treated must be considered. ADA detection assays need to be standardized to improve comparability of available data and to allow clinical decision-making.
Detecting bacterial lung infections:in vivoevaluation ofin vitrovolatile fingerprints (2013)

The identification of bacteria by their volatilomes is of interest to many scientists and clinicians as it holds the promise of diagnosing infections in situ, particularly lung infections via breath analysis. While there are many studies reporting various bacterial volatile biomarkers or fingerprints using in vitro experiments, it has proven difficult to translate these data to in vivo breath analyses. Therefore, we aimed to create secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) pathogen fingerprints directly from the breath of mice with lung infections. In this study we demonstrated that SESI-MS is capable of differentiating infected versus uninfected mice, P. aeruginosa-infected versus S. aureus-infected mice, as well as distinguish between infections caused by P. aeruginosa strains PAO1 versus FRD1, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). In addition, we compared in vitro and in vivo volatiles and observed that only 25-34% of peaks are shared between the in vitro and in vivo SESI-MS fingerprints. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first breath volatiles measured for P. aeruginosa PAO1, FRD1, and S. aureus RN450, and the first comparison of in vivo and in vitro volatile profiles from the same strains using the murine infection model.
Molecules and models: the molecular structures of main group element compounds (2008)

1. Atomic properties: one-electron atoms 2. Atomic properties: two-electron atoms 3. Atoms with more than two electrons: atomic properties and periodic trends 4. Homonuclear diatomic molecules 5. Gaseous alkali metal halides: ionic compounds 6. Other heteronuclear diatomic molecules: polar covalent bonds 7. Lewis' cubical atom model. Molecular orbital calculations on the one-electron molecule H2+ and the two-electron molecule H2 8. Molecular orbital calculations on heteronuclear diatomic molecules, hybridization, and estimation of net atomic charges from calculated electron densities 9. Homonuclear diatomic species of the Second Period elements from Li2 to Ne2 10. Structure and bonding in the gaseous dihalides and dialkyls of the Group 2 and Group 12 metals 11. Structure and bonding in the gaseous monochlorides, trichlorides and trimethyl derivatives of the Group 13 elements 12. Electron defficient molecules: three-centre, two-electron bonds 13. Structure and bonding in simple compounds of the Group 14 elements 14. Structure and bonding in some simple hydrocarbons and in ethane and ethene analogous of the heavier Group 14 elements 15. Structure and bonding in simple compounds of the Group 15 elements 16. Electron donor-acceptor complexes 17. Structure and bonding in simple compounds of the Group 16 elements 18. Structure and bonding in simple compounds of the Group 17 elements. 19. Structure and bonding in simple compounds of the noble gases 20. Structure and bonding in oxides and oxoacids of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine
Non-contact detection of oxygen saturation based on visible light imaging device using ambient light (2013)

A method that remotely measures blood oxygen saturation through two cameras under regular lighting is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Two narrow-band filters with their visible wavelength of 660nm and 520nm are mounted to two cameras respectively, which are then used to capture two photoplethysmographic (PPG) from the subject simultaneously. The data gathered from this system, including both blood oxygen saturation and heart rate, is compared to the output of a traditional figure blood volume pulse (BVP) senor that was employed on the subject at the same time. Result of the comparison showed that the data from the new, non-contact system is consistent and comparable with the BVP senor. Compared to other camera-based measuring method, which requires additional close-up lighting, this new method is achievable under regular lighting condition, therefore more stable and easier to implement. This is the first demonstration of an accurate video-based method for non-contact oxygen saturation measurements by using ambient light with their respective visible wavelength of 660nm and 520nm which is free from interference of the light in other bands.
<title>Synthesis of nanoparticles by a laser-vaporization-controlled condensation technique</title> (1997)

A method which combines laser vaporization of metal targets with controlled condensation from the vapor phase is used to synthesize nanoscale metal oxide, carbide and nitride particles (10 - 20 nm) of well-defined composition. The metal vapor is generated by pulsed laser vaporization using the second harmonic (532 nm) of a Nd-YAG laser. Following the laser pulse, the ejected atoms react with the reactive gas within the ambient atmosphere and condense to form nanoparticles. The role of convection in the experiments is to remove the small particles away from the nucleation zone (once condensed out of the vapor phase) before they can grow into larger particles. Surface-oxidized silicon nanocrystals, produced by this method, aggregate into a novel weblike microstructure. These aggregates are very porous and have a large surface area. The nanoparticles show a short-lived (less than 20 ns) blue emission at 450 nm characteristic of the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> coating and a biexponential longer-lived red emission characteristic of the Si core. Other examples of nanoparticles discussed include ZnO and magnetic FeO. Examples of the effects of solvents and temperature on the morphology of the nanoparticles are presented. The advantages of microgravity in the synthesis of multilayer nanoparticles of engineered compositions and morphology are outlined.
19TH-CENTURY ACCOUNTING ERROR (1965)

Capital consumption charges, Investments, Depreciation, Accounting History
Immunohistochemical evaluation of c-erbB-2 oncogene expression in ductal carcinoma in situ and atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast. (1990)

Cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) of the breast were examined for expression of the protein product of the c-erbB-2 (neu, HER-2) oncogene using two different polyclonal antibodies via an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method on formalin- or Bouin'-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Fifty-five percent (18/33) of DCIS and 10% (2/21) of ADH were positive. Significant c-erbB-2 expression in DCIS was generally divided on histologic grounds: ten of ten comedocarcinomas showed strong membrane staining, while only one of 14 small cell DCIS cases (micropapillary or cribiform patterns) showed immunostaining (which was weak and basilar in this single case). DCIS cases of mixed histology were strongly positive in areas of comedocarcinoma. In two of three cases of associated Paget's disease strong membrane staining was seen. The two c-erbB-2-positive ADH cases showed weak basilar staining akin to the small cell DCIS cases. Five cases of lobular neoplasia (atypical lobular hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ) associated with DCIS or ADH were negative for c-erbB-2 expression. We conclude that comedocarcinoma in situ and Paget's disease frequently express the c-erbB-2 protein and are both histologically and biochemically distinct from ADH and small cell patterns of DCIS. We advocate precise subclassification of DCIS on histopathologic reports, particularly in view of reports that overexpression of the c-erbB-2 oncogene in infiltrating breast carcinomas may be associated with a poor prognosis.
Yeast and human TATA-binding proteins have nearly identical DNA sequence requirements for transcription in vitro. (1990)

We have analyzed the DNA sequence requirements for TATA element function by assaying the transcriptional activities of 25 promoters, including those representing each of the 18 single-point mutants of the consensus sequence TATAAA, in a reconstituted in vitro system that depends on the TATA element-binding factor TFIID. Interestingly, yeast TFIID and HeLa cell TFIID were virtually identical in terms of their relative activities on this set of promoters. Of the mutated elements, only two had undetectable activity; the rest had activities ranging from 2 to 75% of the activity of the consensus element, which was the most active. In addition, mutations of the nucleotide following the TATAAA core strongly influenced transcriptional activity, although with somewhat different effects on yeast and HeLa TFIID. The activities of all these promoters depended upon TFIID, and the level of TFIID-dependent transcription in vitro correlated strongly with their activities in yeast cells. This suggests that the in vivo activities of these elements reflect their ability to functionally interact with a single TATA-binding factor. However, some elements with similar activities in vitro supported very different levels of transcriptional activation by GAL4 protein in vivo. These results extend the degree of evolutionary conservation between yeast and mammalian TFIID and are useful for predicting the level of TATA element function from the primary sequence.
Atom‐transfer radical grafting polymerization of 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine from silicon wafer surfaces (2004)

Abstract 2‐Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), a biomimetic monomer, was grafted from silicon wafer surfaces at room temperature by combining self‐assembly of initiator and surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Two methods were used to control the grafting process. One was to add free initiator to the reaction system; the other was to add excess deactivator. The grafting densities up to 0.3 chains/nm 2 were obtained. The surface thickness increased linearly with MPC conversion. The thickness depended on catalyst and monomer concentrations, as well as activator/deactivator ratio. Poly(MPC) layers of &gt;100 nm thick were obtained by optimizing the polymerization conditions. A second block of either poly(MPC) or poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] was also grown from the grafted poly(MPC), demonstrating the system livingness. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to examine the surface chemical compositions showed good agreement with the theoretical values. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2931–2942, 2004
Chirality and Drug Targeting: Pros and Cons (1995)

The theoretical basis of stereoselectivity in drug targeting in terms of eudismic ratio and quantitative structure-activity relationship has been presented. Specific examples of the advantages of using the correct stereoisomers (eutomers) rather than the distomers or racemic mixtures have been discussed. With the recent development of new methods of chiral synthesis and chiral analysis, it is not longer justifiable to continue to use racemic mixtures as therapeutic agents, unless it can be proven to be safe to do so. In the area of using peptides, proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides as therapeutic agents, mother nature has been very selective in choosing the optically active starting materials (Bradley, 1994), it is a necessity to design and test the proper optical isomer when a mimetic or antagonist compound is contemplated as a therapeutic agent.
Acidic pH and increasing [Ca2+] reduce the swelling of mucins in primary cultures of human cervical cells (2002)

The inverse relationship observed between the diffusion of the granular matrix and the extracellular [Ca(2+)] or [H(+)] suggested that changes in cation concentration might drastically affect the swelling characteristics of mucins and provide a control mechanism for the observed viscoelastic properties of mucus.
Isolation and identification of acidic oligopeptides occurring in a flavor potentiating fraction from a fish protein hydrolysate (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and identification of acidic oligopeptides occurring in a flavor potentiating fraction from a fish protein hydrolysateMasatoshi. Noguchi, Soichi. Arai, Michiko. Yamashita, Hiromichi. Kato, and Masao. FujimakiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1975, 23, 1, 49–53Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60197a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60197a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views528Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Update of Clinical Trials from the American College of Cardiology 2003. EPHESUS, SPORTIF-III, ASCOT, COMPANION, UK-PACE and T-Wave Alternans (2003)

The American College of Cardiology provided much useful new information to inform those who care for patients with heart failure about what they should and should not adopt into current clinical practice. The EPHESUS trial suggests a much wider role for aldosterone antagonists for the management of heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. SPORTIF-III indicates we may have a safer, simpler warfarin substitute soon. ASCOT reinforces the potential futility of statin therapy unless it is well targeted. The results of the COMPANION study investigating cardiac resynchronisation devices and implantable defibrillators were encouraging but inconclusive and/or hard to interpret. UK-PACE again questions the use of dual chamber pacing. T-wave alternans is an interesting experimental technique that may be useful in selecting which patients need an implantable defibrillator, although the technology needs testing in an appropriate patient population.
Microelectrochemical Logic Circuits (2003)

We report microelectrochemical devices that mimic some functions of solid-state circuit components such as diodes and transistors. The operation of this new family of devices is enabled by a network of microfluidic electrochemical cells that communicate with one-another via conductive solutions and, in some cases, bipolar electrodes. The output of the devices can be either electrochemical or optical. The approach reported here is a first step toward the development of large-scale integrated electrochemical systems having parallel processing capabilities.