gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth and Properties of Lithium Salicylate Single Crystals (2009)

Optical quality lithium salicylate (LiSal) single crystals have been grown from water and methanol solutions for thermal neutron detection studies. The results of structural studies showed that LiSal crystallizes from water as a stable modification different from the monohydrate LiSal·H2O reported previously. Growth from methanol results in the formation of unstable crystals of LiSal·MeOH that quickly degrade in air due to the loss of methanol. Initial radiation detection tests showed a good neutron/gamma separation in water-grown modification making LiSal in its single crystal form a potential material for thermal neutron detection.
UnFlow: Unsupervised Learning of Optical Flow With a Bidirectional Census Loss (2018)

In the era of end-to-end deep learning, many advances in computer vision are driven by large amounts of labeled data. In the optical flow setting, however, obtaining dense per-pixel ground truth for real scenes is difficult and thus such data is rare. Therefore, recent end-to-end convolutional networks for optical flow rely on synthetic datasets for supervision, but the domain mismatch between training and test scenarios continues to be a challenge. Inspired by classical energy-based optical flow methods, we design an unsupervised loss based on occlusion-aware bidirectional flow estimation and the robust census transform to circumvent the need for ground truth flow. On the KITTI benchmarks, our unsupervised approach outperforms previous unsupervised deep networks by a large margin, and is even more accurate than similar supervised methods trained on synthetic datasets alone. By optionally fine-tuning on the KITTI training data, our method achieves competitive optical flow accuracy on the KITTI 2012 and 2015 benchmarks, thus in addition enabling generic pre-training of supervised networks for datasets with limited amounts of ground truth.
A PARTIAL MAP OF LINKAGE GROUP D IN NEUROSPORA CRASSA (1954)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
A Colorimetric Lead Biosensor Using DNAzyme-Directed Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles (2003)

A highly sensitive and selective colorimetric lead biosensor based on DNAzyme-directed assembly of gold nanoparticles is reported. It consists of a DNAzyme and its substrate that can hybridize to a 5'-thio-modified DNA attached to gold nanoparticles. The hybridization brings gold nanoparticles together, resulting in a blue-colored nanoparticle assembly. In the presence of lead, the DNAzyme catalyzes specific hydrolytic cleavage, which prevents the formation of the nanoparticle assembly, resulting in red-colored individual nanoparticles. The detection level can be tuned to several orders of magnitude, from 100 nM to over 200 muM, through addition of an inactive variant of the DNAzyme. The concept developed here can be applied to the design of nucleic acid enzyme/nanoparticle sensors for analytes that are subject to in vitro selection, and thus can significantly expand the scope of nanomaterial applications and provide a novel approach to designing simple colorimetric biosensors.
Spatial control of Draper receptor signaling initiates apoptotic cell engulfment (2018)

The engulfment of apoptotic cells is essential for tissue homeostasis and recovering from damage. Engulfment is mediated by receptors that recognize ligands exposed on apoptotic cells such as phosphatidylserine (PS). In this study, we convert <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> S2 cells into proficient phagocytes by transfecting the Draper engulfment receptor and replacing apoptotic cells with PS-coated beads. Similar to the T cell receptor (TCR), PS-ligated Draper forms dynamic microclusters that recruit cytosolic effector proteins and exclude a bulky transmembrane phosphatase, consistent with a kinetic segregation-based triggering mechanism. However, in contrast with the TCR, localized signaling at Draper microclusters results in time-dependent depletion of actin filaments, which facilitates engulfment. The Draper-PS extracellular module can be replaced with FRB and FKBP, respectively, resulting in a rapamycin-inducible engulfment system that can be programmed toward defined targets. Collectively, our results reveal mechanistic similarities and differences between the receptors involved in apoptotic corpse clearance and mammalian immunity and demonstrate that engulfment can be reprogrammed toward nonnative targets.
Applications of Flow Cytometry to Clinical Microbiology (2000)

SUMMARY Classical microbiology techniques are relatively slow in comparison to other analytical techniques, in many cases due to the need to culture the microorganisms. Furthermore, classical approaches are difficult with unculturable microorganisms. More recently, the emergence of molecular biology techniques, particularly those on antibodies and nucleic acid probes combined with amplification techniques, has provided speediness and specificity to microbiological diagnosis. Flow cytometry (FCM) allows single- or multiple-microbe detection in clinical samples in an easy, reliable, and fast way. Microbes can be identified on the basis of their peculiar cytometric parameters or by means of certain fluorochromes that can be used either independently or bound to specific antibodies or oligonucleotides. FCM has permitted the development of quantitative procedures to assess antimicrobial susceptibility and drug cytotoxicity in a rapid, accurate, and highly reproducible way. Furthermore, this technique allows the monitoring of in vitro antimicrobial activity and of antimicrobial treatments ex vivo. The most outstanding contribution of FCM is the possibility of detecting the presence of heterogeneous populations with different responses to antimicrobial treatments. Despite these advantages, the application of FCM in clinical microbiology is not yet widespread, probably due to the lack of access to flow cytometers or the lack of knowledge about the potential of this technique. One of the goals of this review is to attempt to mitigate this latter circumstance. We are convinced that in the near future, the availability of commercial kits should increase the use of this technique in the clinical microbiology laboratory.
Cache memory design: an art evolves (1987)

An essential problem in the diagnosis of craniomandibular disorders is still the evaluation of the type and severity of the TMJ diseases. For a differential classification of TMJ diseases, we developed an electronic axiography system which facilitates a recording of lower jaw movements. It works 3-dimensionally and relates to the joints. The measuring system, which was internationally patented, is based on a linear resistive foil for the sagittal plane and an inductive gauge for the horizontal plane. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the usefulness of our electronic axiography system in obtaining a differential diagnosis of craniomandibular disorders. We examined 30 patients (60 joints) with complaints in the TMJ area (pain and TMJ sounds). Clinical examinations yielded only uncertain indications of TMJ disease. With the help of electronic axiography we could differentiate the TMJ diseases into microtrauma and macrotrauma. Both forms may show a loss of function and an audible TMJ clicking. 23 joints had a macrotrauma (disk displacement with reduction, 20 times; disk displacement without reduction, 3 times). In 8 joints, a microtrauma was found. 3 joints showed a subluxation. In 4 uncertain cases, the diagnosis was confirmed with the help of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All patients with a diagnosed arthrogenic disorder received adequate treatment with reposition splints. Our initial results show that 3-dimensional electronic axiography can be a good aid in further characterization of craniomandibular disorders and permits an effective therapy.
Insights into vehicle trajectories at the handling limits: analysing open data from race car drivers (2016)

Race car drivers can offer insights into vehicle control during extreme manoeuvres; however, little data from race teams is publicly available for analysis. The Revs Program at Stanford has built a collection of vehicle dynamics data acquired from vintage race cars during live racing events with the intent of making this database publicly available for future analysis. This paper discusses the data acquisition, post-processing, and storage methods used to generate the database. An analysis of available data quantifies the repeatability of professional race car driver performance by examining the statistical dispersion of their driven paths. Certain map features, such as sections with high path curvature, consistently corresponded to local minima in path dispersion, quantifying the qualitative concept that drivers anchor their racing lines at specific locations around the track. A case study explores how two professional drivers employ distinct driving styles to achieve similar lap times, supporting the idea that driving at the limits allows a family of solutions in terms of paths and speed that can be adapted based on specific spatial, temporal, or other constraints and objectives.
Thin nitride films on textured polysilicon to increase multimegabit DRAM cell charge capacity (1990)

A technique for increasing the charge storage capacity of advanced multimegabit dynamic RAMs (DRAMs) up to 34% without changing the cell area or dielectric thickness is discussed. The technique does not require an additional masking step. A polysilicon texturing process is combined with a dielectric which has bulk-limited electrical conduction. The leakage current is not affected by this process, and the field acceleration coefficient is considerably increased.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tcl and the Tk Toolkit (1994)

All rights reserved. Duplication of this draft is permitted by individuals for personal use only. Any other form of duplication or reproduction requires prior written permission of the author or publisher. This statement must be easily visible on the first page of any reproduced copies. The publisher does not offer warranties in regard to this draft. Note to readers: This manuscript is a partial draft of a book to be published in early 1994 by Addison-Wesley (ISBN 0-201-63337-X). Addison-Wesley has given me permission to make drafts of the book available to the Tcl community to help meet the need for introductory documentation on Tcl and Tk until the book becomes available. Please observe the restrictions set forth in the copyright notice above: you’re welcome to make a copy for yourself or a friend but any sort of large-scale reproduction or reproduction for profit requires advance permission from Addison-Wesley. I would be happy to receive any comments you might have on this draft; send them to me via electronic mail
Engineering and characterization of the long‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogue LY2189265, an Fc fusion protein (2010)

LY2189265 retains the effects of GLP-1 with increased half-life and efficacy, supporting further evaluation as a once-weekly treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Information Storage and Retrieval Through Quantum Phase (2000)

Information was stored as quantum phase in an N-state Rydberg atom data register. One or more flipped states stored in an eight-state atomic wave packet could be retrieved in a single operation, in agreement with a recent proposal by Grover.
Monolithic Porous Polymer for On-Chip Solid-Phase Extraction and Preconcentration Prepared by Photoinitiated in Situ Polymerization within a Microfluidic Device (2001)

Monolithic porous polymers have been prepared by photoinitiated polymerization within the channels of a microfluidic device and used for on-chip solid-phase extraction and preconcentration. The preparation of the monolithic material with hydrophobic and ionizable surface chemistries is easily achieved by copolymerization of butyl methacrylate with ethylene dimethacrylate, or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride with ethylene dimethacrylate, respectively. The porous properties, and consequently the flow resistance, of the monolithic device are controlled by the use of a mixture of hexane and methanol as a porogenic mixture. This mixture was designed to meet the specific requirements for pore formation within macroporous monoliths useful in the microfluidic formats. The low flow resistance enables high flow rates of up to 10 microL/min, which corresponds to a linear flow velocity of 50 mm/s and far exceeds the flow velocities typical of the common analytical microchips. The function of the monolithic concentration device was first demonstrated using very dilute solutions of Coumarin 519. The performance in a more realistic application was then demonstrated with the enrichment of a hydrophobic tetrapeptide and also of green fluorescent protein for which an increase in concentration by a factor as high as 10(3) was achieved.
Policy Core Information Model -- Version 1 Specification (2001)

This document presents the object-oriented information model for representing policy information developed jointly in the IETF Policy Framework WG and as extensions to the Common Information Model (CIM) activity in the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF).This model defines two hierarchies of object classes: structural classes representing policy information and control of policies, and association classes that indicate how instances of the structural classes are related to each other.Subsequent documents will define mappings of this information model to various concrete implementations, for example, to a directory that uses LDAPv3 as its access protocol.
Characterizing Antibody Specificity to Different Protein Morphologies by AFM (2008)

Protein misfolding and aggregation can lead to several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Huntington's Disease (HD). While the respective proteins involved in each disease differ in their pathological effects and amino acid sequences, the aggregated forms all share a common cross beta-sheet conformation. Substantial controversy exists over the roles of the different aggregate morphologies in disease onset and progression, and analytical tools such as morphology specific antibodies are needed to distinguish between the different protein morphologies in situ. Here we utilize atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the binding of three single chain antibody fragments (scFvs) to different morphologies of alpha-synuclein (alphaS). From the topographic images generated using the AFM, we were able to show that one scFv bound all morphologies of alphaS, a second bound only oligomeric alphaS, and a third bound only fibrillar alphaS by comparing the height distribution of the different alphaS morphologies with and without addition of the different scFvs. These results demonstrate the versatility of the AFM-based technique as an easy tool to characterize specific antigen-antibody binding and the potential applications of scFvs as promising immunodiagnostics for protein misfolding diseases.
Semiconductor nanocrystals covalently bound to metal surfaces with self-assembled monolayers (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSemiconductor nanocrystals covalently bound to metal surfaces with self-assembled monolayersV. L. Colvin, A. N. Goldstein, and A. P. AlivisatosCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 13, 5221–5230Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00039a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00039a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3171Altmetric-Citations537LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA Vaccine Delivered by a Needle-Free Injection Device Improves Potency of Priming for Antibody and CD8+ T-Cell Responses after rAd5 Boost in a Randomized Clinical Trial (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00109629.
Multiple Mechanisms of Action for Inhibitors of Histidine Protein Kinases from Bacterial Two-Component Systems (1999)

Many pathogenic bacteria utilize two-component systems consisting of a histidine protein kinase (HPK) and a response regulator (RR) for signal transduction. During the search for novel inhibitors, several chemical series, including benzoxazines, benzimidazoles, bis-phenols, cyclohexenes, trityls, and salicylanilides, were identified that inhibited the purified HPK-RR pairs KinA-Spo0F and NRII-NRI, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) ranging from 1.9 to >500 microM and MICs ranging from 0.5 to >16 microg/ml for gram-positive bacteria. However, additional observations suggested that mechanisms other than HPK inhibition might contribute to antibacterial activity. In the present work, representative compounds from the six different series of inhibitors were analyzed for their effects on membrane integrity and macromolecular synthesis. At 4x MIC, 17 of 24 compounds compromised the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane within 10 min, as measured by uptake of propidium iodide. In this set, compounds with lower IC50s tended to cause greater membrane disruption. Eleven of 12 compounds inhibited cellular incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine and uridine >97% in 5 min and amino acids >80% in 15 min. The HPK inhibitor that allowed >25% precursor incorporation had no measurable MIC (>16 microg/ml). Fifteen of 24 compounds also caused hemolysis of equine erythrocytes. Thus, the antibacterial HPK inhibitors caused a rapid decrease in cellular incorporation of RNA, DNA, and protein precursors, possibly as a result of the concomitant disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane. Bacterial killing by these HPK inhibitors may therefore be due to multiple mechanisms, independent of HPK inhibition.
Reanimation of the Paralyzed Human Larynx With an Implantable Electrical Stimulation Device (2003)

Electrical stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle shows potential as an improved therapy for bilateral vocal fold paralysis.
Hyperbranched Self-Immolative Polymers (hSIPs) for Programmed Payload Delivery and Ultrasensitive Detection (2015)

Upon stimuli-triggered single cleavage of capping moieties at the focal point and chain terminal, self-immolative dendrimers (SIDs) and linear self-immolative polymers (l-SIPs) undergo spontaneous domino-like radial fragmentation and cascade head-to-tail depolymerization, respectively. The nature of response selectivity and signal amplification has rendered them a unique type of stimuli-responsive materials. Moreover, novel design principles are required for further advancement in the field of self-immolative polymers (SIPs). Herein, we report the facile fabrication of water-dispersible SIPs with a new chain topology, hyperbranched self-immolative polymers (hSIPs), by utilizing one-pot AB2 polycondensation methodology and sequential postfunctionalization. The modular engineering of three categories of branching scaffolds, three types of stimuli-cleavable capping moieties at the focal point, and seven different types of peripheral functional groups and polymeric building blocks affords both structurally and functionally diverse hSIPs with chemically tunable amplified-release features. On the basis of the hSIP platform, we explored myriad functions including visible light-triggered intracellular release of peripheral conjugated drugs in a targeted and spatiotemporally controlled fashion, intracellular delivery and cytoplasmic reductive milieu-triggered plasmid DNA release via on/off multivalency switching, mitochondria-targeted fluorescent sensing of H2O2 with a detection limit down to ∼20 nM, and colorimetric H2O2 assay via triggered dispersion of gold nanoparticle aggregates. To further demonstrate the potency and generality of the hSIP platform, we further configure it into biosensor design for the ultrasensitive detection of pathologically relevant antigens (e.g., human carcinoembryonic antigen) by integrating with enzyme-mediated cycle amplification with positive feedback and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
CD69 is expressed by human eosinophils activated in vivo in asthma and in vitro by cytokines. (1993)

CD69 is an early activation marker for T cells and cross-linking of CD69 on platelets triggers aggregation and mediator release. Expression of a number of membrane receptors is induced on eosinophils after culture with certain cytokines. Therefore, we investigated whether cytokine-activated eosinophils expressed CD69. Unstimulated, peripheral blood eosinophils did not express CD69, as determined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry (n = 15). CD69 expression was induced on eosinophils by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After 1 day in culture, expression was significant at concentrations of 10(-11) M and above. CD69 expression could be detected after stimulation with GM-CSF for only 1 hr, was significant after 2 hr and was sustained over 1-2 days in culture. CD69 expression was also induced by interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-5 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but stimulation of eosinophils with platelet-activating factor (PAF) (10(-6) M) for up to 2 hr did not induce CD69 expression. Cycloheximide (10(-6) M) significantly inhibited GM-CSF-induced CD69 expression, suggesting a requirement for protein synthesis. However, unlike up-regulation of CR3 expression, GM-CSF-induced CD69 expression was not inhibited by dexamethasone. CD69 was present on eosinophils from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients with mild asthma (5/5), suggesting that the in vitro findings may have biological relevance in vivo. Therefore, CD69 can be used as a marker of eosinophil activation by cytokines and is a candidate receptor for triggering eosinophil mediator release in the airways in asthma.
Local privacy and statistical minimax rates (2013)

We study the tradeoff between privacy guarantees and the utility of statistical estimators under local differential privacy, where data remains private even from the statistician. We prove bounds on information-theoretic quantities that influence estimation rates as a function of the amount of privacy preserved. Our bounds can be viewed as quantitative data-processing inequalities that, combined with minimax techniques such as Le Cam's and Fano's methods, allow for precise characterization of statistical rates under local privacy constraints.