gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in the treatment of resectable breast cancer with more than three positive axillary nodes. (1991)

To improve current adjuvant results in high-risk breast cancer, in February 1982 we activated a prospective randomized trial using both intravenous cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) and Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Farmitalia-Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy) involving patients with resectable mammary carcinoma and more than three positive axillary lymph nodes. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of four courses of Adriamycin followed by eight courses of CMF versus two courses of CMF alternated with one course of Adriamycin for a total of 12 courses. All drug courses were recycled every 3 weeks. Rather than temporarily reducing doses in the event of myelosuppression on the planned day of treatment, drug administration was delayed for 1 to 2 weeks. At a median follow-up of 59 months, treatment outcome was significantly superior for patients who received Adriamycin followed by CMF (Adriamycin----CMF) than for those given alternating regimens (CMF/Adriamycin). The 5-year relapse-free survival was superior post-Adriamycin----CMF (61%) compared with post-CMF/Adriamycin administration (38%; P = .001). The corresponding figures for the 5-year total survival were 78% and 62%, respectively (P = .005). The benefit of Adriamycin----CMF was observed in all patient subsets. Treatment was fairly well tolerated, and we documented only one case of fatal congestive heart failure in a patient who received postoperative irradiation to the left breast in addition to Adriamycin. Present findings indicate that in women with extensive nodal involvement, Adriamycin----CMF yielded superior results compared with CMF/Adriamycin.
Notes - Esters of 17α-Ethinyl-androstane-3β,17β-diol and 17 α-Ethinylandrost-5-ene-3β, 17β-diol (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Esters of 17α-Ethinyl-androstane-3β,17β-diol and 17 α-Ethinylandrost-5-ene-3β, 17β-diolR. Clinton, H. Neumann, S. Laskowski, and R. ChristiansenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 4, 473–475Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1957Publication History Published online14 April 2003Published inissue 1 April 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01355a627https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01355a627research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Frequency domain normal map filtering (2007)

Filtering is critical for representing detail, such as color textures or normal maps, across a variety of scales. While MIP-mapping texture maps is commonplace, accurate normal map filtering remains a challenging problem because of nonlinearities in shading---we cannot simply average nearby surface normals. In this paper, we show analytically that normal map filtering can be formalized as a spherical convolution of the normal distribution function (NDF) and the BRDF, for a large class of common BRDFs such as Lambertian, microfacet and factored measurements. This theoretical result explains many previous filtering techniques as special cases, and leads to a generalization to a broader class of measured and analytic BRDFs. Our practical algorithms leverage a significant body of work that has studied lighting-BRDF convolution. We show how spherical harmonics can be used to filter the NDF for Lambertian and low-frequency specular BRDFs, while spherical von Mises-Fisher distributions can be used for high-frequency materials.
Serum amino acid profiles and their alterations in colorectal cancer (2011)

Mass spectrometry-based serum metabolic profiling is a promising tool to analyse complex cancer associated metabolic alterations, which may broaden our pathophysiological understanding of the disease and may function as a source of new cancer-associated biomarkers. Highly standardized serum samples of patients suffering from colon cancer (n = 59) and controls (n = 58) were collected at the University Hospital Leipzig. We based our investigations on amino acid screening profiles using electrospray tandem-mass spectrometry. Metabolic profiles were evaluated using the Analyst 1.4.2 software. General, comparative and equivalence statistics were performed by R 2.12.2. 11 out of 26 serum amino acid concentrations were significantly different between colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. We found a model including CEA, glycine, and tyrosine as best discriminating and superior to CEA alone with an AUROC of 0.878 (95% CI 0.815-0.941). Our serum metabolic profiling in colon cancer revealed multiple significant disease-associated alterations in the amino acid profile with promising diagnostic power. Further large-scale studies are necessary to elucidate the potential of our model also to discriminate between cancer and potential differential diagnoses. In conclusion, serum glycine and tyrosine in combination with CEA are superior to CEA for the discrimination between colorectal cancer patients and controls.
Fluorescence enhancements of benzene-cored luminophors by restricted intramolecular rotations: AIE and AIEE effects (2006)

Photoluminescence of simple arylbenzenes with ready synthetic accessibility is enhanced by two orders of magnitude through aggregate formation; viscosity and temperature effects indicate that the emission enhancement is due to the restriction of their intramolecular rotations in the solid state.
Two calcineurin B‐like calcium sensors, interacting with protein kinase CIPK23, regulate leaf transpiration and root potassium uptake in Arabidopsis (2007)

Calcium signalling involves sensor proteins that decode temporal and spatial changes in cellular Ca2+ concentration. Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) represent a unique family of plant calcium sensors that relay signals by interacting with a family of protein kinases, designated as CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). In a reverse genetic screen for altered drought tolerance, we identified a loss-of-function allele of CIPK23 as exhibiting a drought-tolerant phenotype. In the cipk23 mutant, reduced transpirational water loss from leaves coincides with enhanced ABA sensitivity of guard cells during opening as well as closing reactions, without noticeable alterations in ABA content in the plant. We identified the calcium sensors CBL1 and CBL9 as CIPK23-interacting proteins that targeted CIPK23 to the plasma membrane in vivo. Expression analysis of the CIPK23, CBL1 and CBL9 genes suggested that they may function together in diverse tissues, including guard cells and root hairs. In addition, expression of the CIPK23 gene was induced by low-potassium conditions, implicating a function of this gene product in potassium nutrition. Indeed, cipk23 mutants displayed severe growth impairment on media with low concentrations of potassium. This phenotype correlates with a reduced efficiency of K+ uptake into the roots. In support of the conclusion that CBL1 and CBL9 interact with and synergistically serve as upstream regulators of CIPK23, the cbl1 cbl9 double mutant, but not the cbl1 or cbl9 single mutants, exhibit altered phenotypes for stomatal responses and low-potassium sensitivity. Together with the recent identification of the potassium channel AKT1 as a target of CIPK23, these results imply that plasma membrane-localized CBL1- and CBL9-CIPK23 complexes simultaneously regulate K+ transport processes in roots and in stomatal guard cells.
Expression of IFN-inducible protein-10 in chronic hepatitis (1997)

Chemokines such as IFN-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and JE/monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) are induced in the murine liver in a tissue-specific manner. We examined whether IP-10 and MCP-1 are pathologically involved in chronic hepatitis. Whereas the serum levels of IP-10 and MCP-1 in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis C were elevated compared with those in normal volunteers, both chemokine levels were further significantly higher in patients with the active form (chronic active hepatitis (CAH)). The elevated IP-10 level was not a general phenomenon of inflammation, because it was not seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, whereas MCP-1 levels were elevated to the same extent in both patient groups. Better responsiveness to IFN therapy in CAH was related to lesser grades of necroinflammatory activity and was predicted by the lower IP-10 and higher MCP-1 levels. IP-10 levels in patients cured by IFN therapy decreased to the levels in normal volunteers, while the MCP-1 levels only slightly decreased. Serum levels of both chemokines in patients who were not cured remained unchanged after IFN therapy. In situ hybridization analysis of CAH revealed that IP-10 mRNA was expressed mainly in hepatocytes around intralobular focal and periportal piecemeal necrosis, while some MCP-1 mRNA was expressed in some sinusoidal cells. These results suggested that IP-10 plays a specific role in the intralobular accumulation of mononuclear cells and/or the death of hepatocytes in chronic hepatitis.
The Human Chitotriosidase Gene (1998)

The human chitinase, named chitotriosidase, is a member of family 18 of glycosylhydrolases. Following the cloning of the chitotriosidase cDNA (Boot, R. G., Renkema, G. H., Strijland, A., van Zonneveld, A. J., and Aerts, J. M. F. G. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 26252-26256), the gene and mRNA have been investigated. The chitotriosidase gene is assigned to chromosome 1q31-q32. The gene consists of 12 exons and spans about 20 kilobases. The nature of the common deficiency in chitotriosidase activity is reported. A 24-base pair duplication in exon 10 results in activation of a cryptic 3' splice site, generating a mRNA with an in-frame deletion of 87 nucleotides. All chitotriosidase-deficient individuals tested were homozygous for the duplication. The observed carrier frequency of about 35% indicates that the duplication is the predominant cause of chitotriosidase deficiency. The presence of the duplication in individuals from various ethnic groups suggests that this mutation is relatively old.
The Design, Synthesis, and Antiviral Activity of Monofluoro and Difluoro Analogues of 4′-Azidocytidine against Hepatitis C Virus Replication: The Discovery of 4′-Azido-2′-deoxy-2′-fluorocytidine and 4′-Azido-2′-dideoxy-2′,2′-difluorocytidine (2009)

The discovery of 4'-azidocytidine (3) (R1479) (J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281, 3793; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2007, 17, 2570) as a potent inhibitor of RNA synthesis by NS5B (EC(50) = 1.28 microM), the RNA polymerase encoded by hepatitis C virus (HCV), has led to the synthesis and biological evaluation of several monofluoro and difluoro derivatives of 4'-azidocytidine. The most potent compounds in this series were 4'-azido-2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine and 4'-azido-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroarabinocytidine with antiviral EC(50) of 66 nM and 24 nM in the HCV replicon system, respectively. The structure-activity relationships within this series were discussed, which led to the discovery of these novel nucleoside analogues with the most potent compound, showing more than a 50-fold increase in antiviral potency as compared to 4'-azidocytidine (3).
Conformational aspects critical to the immunospecificity of the type III group B streptococcal polysaccharide (1981)

Immunization of rabbits with group B type III streptococcus organisms induces two distinct populations of antibodies with a specificity for determinants on the native capsular polysaccharide antigen of these organisms. Some of the structural and conformational features of the two determinants responsible for the formation of these antibodies were elucidated by (13)C NMR and serological studies on the native type III polysaccharide and some of its structurally modified analogues. The specificity of the determinant corresponding to the major population of antibodies is dependent of the presence of sialic acid residues on the native type III antigen, and although these residues are not an integral part of the determinant, they exert conformational control over it. The carboxylate groups of the sialic acid residues are an important factor in this control mechanism which could possibly involve intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The terminal sialic acid residues control the orientation of the penultimate beta-d-galactopyranose residues with respect to the backbone of the native antigen. The orientation of these residues is critical to the determinant because the determinant is probably small and is located precisely at the junction of the same beta-d-galactopyranose residues with the backbone of the native type III antigen. The determinant corresponding to the other population of antibodies is not sialic acid dependent. This determinant is located on the backbone of the native antigen in the vicinity of the other determinant but on the opposite side to the oligosaccharide branches. In this position, its conformation is unaffected even by the removal of the oligosaccharide branches from the native antigen.
Aminophospholipid Asymmetry: A Matter of Life and Death (2003)

Maintenance of membrane lipid asymmetry is a dynamic process that influences many events over the lifespan of the cell. With few exceptions, most cells restrict the bulk of the aminophospholipids to the inner membrane leaflet by means of specific transporters. Working in concert with each other, these proteins correct for sporadic incursions of the aminophospholipids to the outer membrane leaflet as a result of bilayer imbalances created by various cellular events. A shift in the relative contribution in each of these activities can result in sustained exposure of the aminophospholipids at the cell surface, which allows capture of the cells by phagocytes before the integrity of the plasma membrane is compromised. The absence of an efficient recognition and elimination mechanism can result in uncontrolled and persistent presentation of self-antigens to the immune system, with development of autoimmune syndromes. To prevent this, phagocytes have developed a diverse array of distinct and redundant receptor systems that drive the postphagocytic events along pathways that facilitate cross-talk between the homeostatic and the immune systems. In this work, we review the basis for the proposed mechanism(s) by which apoptotic ligands appear on the target cell surface and the phagocyte receptors that recognize these moieties.
Neural nets for ECG classification (2003)

Some results on applying neural nets at the classification stage are presented. Using the back-propagation error method, three types of neural nets have been tested. Two types of classification have been performed: a first one on the basis of the elements of the training set and a second in which elements covering the hypercube, defined by all possible cases, have been generated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Non-contact acoustic cell trapping in disposable glass capillaries (2010)

Non-contact trapping using acoustic standing waves has shown promising results in cell-based research lately. However, the devices demonstrated are normally fabricated using microfabrication or precision machining methods leading to a high unit cost. In e.g. clinical or forensic applications avoiding cross-contamination, carryover or infection is of outmost importance. In these applications disposable devices are key elements, thus making the cost per unit a critical factor. A solution is presented here where low-cost off-the-shelf glass capillaries are used as resonators for standing wave trapping. Single-mode as well as multi-node trapping is demonstrated with an excellent agreement between simulated and experimentally found operation frequencies. Single particle trapping is verified at 7.53 MHz with a trapping force on a 10 microm particle of up to 1.27 nN. The non-contact trapping is proved using confocal microscopy. Finally, an application is presented where the capillary is used as a pipette for aspirating, trapping and dispensing red blood cells.
3,5-T2Stimulates Oxygen Consumption, But Not Glucose Uptake in Human Mononuclear Blood Cells (1992)

L-thyroxine (T4), L-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,5-di-iodothyronine (T2) rapidly (within 30 min) stimulated oxygen consumption in human mononuclear blood cells, whereas the D isomers of T4 and T3 and Triac had no stimulatory effect. Oxygen consumption was stimulated by the same magnitude by equimolar concentrations (5-500 nmol/l) of L-T4, L-T3 and 3,5-T2 reaching a plateau at 100 nmol/l of 0.025 umol/mg DNA x h. The stimulatory effects of T4 and T3, but not of T2 were inhibited by PTU. Glucose uptake was stimulated only by L-T4 and L-T3, whereas 3,5-T2, Triac and the D-isomers of T4 and T3 had no effect. The dose response curve reached an apparent maximum at 100 nmol/l of 0.30 mmol/l x mg DNA x h and PTU had no effect on iodothyronine stimulated glucose uptake. We conclude that 3,5-T2 is a significant intracellular stimulator of oxygen consumption, whereas T3 and T4 stimulate glucose uptake.
Method to Monitor the Precision of Milk Yields Recorded at Individual Milking Stalls on a Daily Basis (1999)

Automated systems to record individual milk weights of cows at each milking are now common on dairy farms. These data are used by Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) for testing purposes and by farmers to monitor herd performance. Despite the importance of these data, little effort has been made to monitor the function and reliability of milking stalls and recording equipment on a daily basis. Described is an algorithm that allows for continuous monitoring of the function of individual milking stalls. The basis of the algorithm is the comparison of milk yield of individual cows over a period of days. For each cow, milk production at a selected stall is compared with production of that same cow when milked at any other stall. These ratios are averaged across all cows milked at least once in the selected stall and once at any other stall. Ideally, the mean ratio for each stall should be 1. Stalls where the mean ratio deviates from 1 by more than 5% are assumed to be malfunctioning. This algorithm was implemented as a computer program and was used to identify 3 malfunctioning stalls out of 12 at the USDA dairy facility (Beltsville, MD). The algorithm can easily be incorporated into existing management programs or used as a separate program. In either case, routine use of this algorithm can improve the reliability of DHIA test programs and potentially reduce the incidence of new mastitis infections by enabling detection of malfunctioning milking equipment.
Debugging programs that use atomic blocks and transactional memory (2010)

With the emergence of research prototypes, programming using atomic blocks and transactional memory (TM) is becoming more attractive. This paper describes our experience building and using a debugger for programs written with these abstractions. We introduce three approaches: ( i ) debugging at the level of atomic blocks, where the programmer is shielded from implementation details (such as exactly what kind of TM is used, or indeed whether lock inference is used instead), ( ii ) debugging at the level of transactions, where conflict rates, read sets, write sets, and other TM internals are visible, and ( iii ) debug-time transactions, which let the programmer manipulate synchronization from within the debugger - e.g., enlarging the scope of an atomic block to try to identify a bug. In this paper we explain the rationale behind the new debugging approaches that we propose. We describe the design and implementation of an extension to the WinDbg debugger, enabling support for C# programs using atomic blocks and TM. We also demonstrate the design of a "conflict point discovery" technique for identifying program statements that introduce contention between transactions. We illustrate how these techniques can be used by optimizing a C# version of the Genome application from STAMP TM benchmark suite.
Clinical implications of circulating soluble Fas and Fas ligand in patients with acute myocardial infarction (1999)

Circulating sFas increases in concentration in relation to the severity of hemodynamic conditions in patients with AMI, but it is independent from size of infarct. Therefore, circulating sFas could play an important role as the marker of pathophysiologic conditions associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis in AMI.
Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy (1995)

In recent years, the use of nebulisers to generate aerosols has been greatly extended because of their numerous advantages. Two types of nebulisers are commonly used, each based on a different principle : - jet nebulisers, based on the Venturi effect to fragment liquid preparations into small droplets. - ultrasonic nebulisers, using the vibrations of a quartz to produce aerosol. The use of nebulisers lacks standardisation, which may account for certain inefficiency. First of all, we defined the parameters required to evaluate nebulisation efficiency. Although droplet size is a commonly used parameter, it is not sufficient to forecast efficiency. It must be associated with the quantity of drug nebulised and nebulisation time. Secondly, we listed factors influencing nebulisation efficiency.
Microsatellite Instability Detection by High-Resolution Melting Analysis (2010)

We expanded the application of the HRM analysis method as an effective MSI detection technique for clinical samples.
In Vivo Activity of Evernimicin (SCH 27899) against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Experimental Infective Endocarditis (2001)

Currently, there exist few satisfactory alternatives to vancomycin for therapy of serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. We employed a rat model of aortic valve endocarditis to assess the potential efficacy of evernimicin (SCH 27899) compared with vancomycin against infection with a strain susceptible to both agents (MICs of 0.25 and 0.50 microg/ml, respectively). Infected animals were assigned to one of three groups: controls (no treatment), evernimicin at 60 mg/kg of body weight by intravenous (i.v.) infusion once daily, or vancomycin at 150 mg/kg of body weight per day by continuous i.v. infusion. Therapy was administered for 5.5 days. At the start of therapy, colony counts in vegetations were 6.63 +/- 0.44 log(10) CFU/g. In both treatment groups, bacterial density within vegetations was significantly reduced in comparison with control animals that had not been treated. Final colony counts were as follows (mean +/- standard deviation): controls, 10.12 +/- 1.51 log(10) CFU/g of vegetation; evernimicin, 7.22 +/- 2.91 log(10) CFU/g of vegetation; vancomycin, 5.65 +/- 1.76 log(10) CFU/g of vegetation. The difference between the evernimicin and vancomycin groups was not significant. These results confirmed the bacteriostatic activity of evernimicin in vivo in an experimental model of severe MRSA infection.