gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhaled nitric oxide in the management of congenital heart disease (1996)

Inhaled nitric oxide, with a threshold of perhaps only a few parts per million, is a selective pulmonary vasodilator in patients with congenital heart disease and increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Multiple reports suggest that it may be useful in managing postoperative pulmonary hypertension in the cardiac patient, although it is unknown to what extent inhaled nitric oxide can actually reduce morbidity and mortality in this setting. This agent also holds promise for evaluating patients with pulmonary hypertension prior to heart transplantation. Although special care is needed to avoid toxicity related to excess inhaled nitric oxide or nitric dioxide or increased methemoglobin, the risk of complications with inhaled nitric oxide therapy appears to be very low. Inhaled nitric oxide will likely continue to play a significant role in the pre-and postoperative management of patients with congenital heart disease.
Lateral oxidation of AlAs layers at elevated water vapour pressure using a closed-chamber system (2000)

We have oxidized AlAs layers laterally in a new type of oxidation system equipped with a closed chamber, in which the vapour pressure of water can be varied over a wide range as a function of the water temperature. Up to a fourfold increase in oxidation speed has been demonstrated with the new system. More strikingly, the saturation effect of the speed of oxidation, known to be caused by a dense As2O3-containing region at the oxidation front, appears to be eventually relieved and another oxidation evolution stage begins. This observation, which we believe has been made for the first time, was possible mainly owing to the much extended oxidation time that the closed-chamber system offers. Additionally, there is no active gas flow involved in this new oxidation method and therefore an improved spatial uniformity in oxidation is expected.
Multi-tier Data Synchronization Based on an Optimized Concurrent Linked-list (2016)

In this paper, we present a multi-tier data synchronization approach, MultitierPackedSync, based upon the packed object data model (PackedObject), introduced in the IBM J9 Virtual Machine as an experimental enhancement. The packed object data model organizes data in a multi-tier manner (like C structs) in which the object's data is nested in its enclosing PackedObject instead of being pointed to by an object reference as in the traditional Java object data model. We developed the MultitierPackedSync approach to multi-tier data synchronization based on a concurrent linked-list, which optimizes the state-of-the-art linked-list algorithm (lazy-list) and applies it to multi-tier PackedObject synchronization. This approach allows multiple threads to lock on a multi-tier PackedObject from different tiers and maintain consistency. We also implemented the Lazy_MultitierPackedSync technique based upon the lazy-list algorithm without our optimization to show the performance gain of MultitierPackedSync. Compared with our previous work (PackedSync), Lazy_MultitierPackedSync and the Java built-in synchronization in single-granularity locking, the performance of MultitierPackedSync is a significant improvement although it is relatively slower than the Java built-in synchronization in the fine-grained locking scenario when the number of threads grows. For multi-granularity locking, we compared MultitierPackedSync with the Lazy_MultitierPackedSync. The results show our optimized approach MultitierPackedSync improves the overall performance considerably.
An indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test for the serodiagnosis of Kala-Azar. (1992)

The IFA test developed using Leishmania donovani promastigote and amastigote antigens showed very high antibody titre in clinically and parasitologically established cases (30) of kala-azar, the geometrical mean reciprocal titre (GMRT) being 870 +/- 5.4 and 5370 +/- 1.80 respectively with the two antigens. In contrast, the GMRT of normal subjects of endemic area was only 12.44 +/- 6.19 and 80.35 +/- 1.66 respectively with these antigens. None of the subjects from non-endemic area suffering with other parasitic diseases, such as malaria, filaria, amoebiasis, leprosy or tuberculosis (20 cases each) gave a positive response to any of the antigen. The test holds promise in the diagnosis of Kala-azar.
Thermoreversible gel for delivery of activin receptor-like kinase 5 inhibitor SB-505124 for glaucoma filtration surgery (2011)

The purpose of this study is to investigate a thermoreversible gel using Pluronic F-127 to deliver an activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK-5) inhibitor SB-505124 in glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). The gel was characterized for in vitro drug release and viscosity studies. Cytotoxicity of Pluronic F-127 was examined by MTT assay using cultured rabbit subconjunctival fibroblasts. In addition, Pluronic F-127 gel (18% w/v) containing 5 mg of SB-505124 was applied at the surgical site in an in vivo rabbit GFS model. In the in vitro viscosity study, the gel showed a change in viscosity (from 1000 cps to 45,000 cps) from low temperature (10°C) to body temperature (37°C). The in vitro drug release study demonstrated 100% drug release within 12 h. The gel did not show cytotoxicity to the cultured rabbit subconjunctival cells by MTT assay. In the in vivo rabbit GFS model, the drug was successfully delivered by injection and no severe post-surgical complications were observed. A thermoreversible gel system with SB-505124 was successfully prepared and delivered for the rabbit GFS model, and it may provide a novel delivery system in GFS.
Just-in-Time Server Provisioning Using Virtual Machine Standby and Request Prediction (2008)

Server provisioning is a practical technique to reconfigure a shared server and to improve resource utilization of servers in datacenters and enterprise systems. For the complex systems, however, long process of server provisioning impedes prompt solutions to system problems. This paper proposes a technique to shorten the provisioning processing time after the occurrence of the provisioning request by speculative provisioning execution on a virtual machine as standby. In order to start the provisioning execution in advance, a prediction method for the provisioning request is required. This paper presents a prediction model based on the logistic regression model using system performance metrics. From the evaluation using the actual performance data of enterprise systems, for 50% of the server provisioning requests, the provisioning processing time after the request is shorten over 10 minutes by using the 20-minutes look-ahead request prediction model.
Systemic Mastocytosis in 16 Dogs (1987)

The clinical and pathologic features of systemic mastocytosis in 16 dogs are reported. There was no apparent breed or sex predilection, and the median age at presentation was 9.5 years. In 14 of 16 cases there was a primary cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT). When cutaneous tumor location was compared with previous reports, there was no association between location and systemic dissemination. The most common presenting signs associated with the cutaneous tumor were regional dissemination, edema, ulceration, and abscessation. They were present in 12 dogs (69%). Signs of systemic illness, including anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea, were seen in eight dogs (50%). Other than the cutaneous tumors, the most consistent physical and radiographic abnormalities included lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Eosinophilia and basophilia were seen in two and five dogs, respectively. Six dogs had increased numbers of mast cells in peripheral blood or buffy coat smears. Five of the nine dogs evaluated had increased numbers of mast cells in bone marrow aspirates. Bone marrow aspiration was superior to both peripheral blood and buffy coat smears in predicting mastocytosis. Coagulation abnormalities were seen in three of five dogs tested. Using a conventional histomorphologic grading system, 10 of 13 (77%) tumors were classified as Grade III or undifferentiated and were overrepresented when compared with previous reports of cutaneous MCTs. Eighty-eight percent of the dogs either died or were euthanatized because of their tumors. Organs commonly involved at necropsy included lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow; four dogs had gastroduodenal ulcers.
Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things (2016)

Motivated by the recent explosion of interest around blockchains, we examine whether they make a good fit for the Internet of Things (IoT) sector. Blockchains allow us to have a distributed peer-to-peer network where non-trusting members can interact with each other without a trusted intermediary, in a verifiable manner. We review how this mechanism works and also look into smart contracts-scripts that reside on the blockchain that allow for the automation of multi-step processes. We then move into the IoT domain, and describe how a blockchain-IoT combination: 1) facilitates the sharing of services and resources leading to the creation of a marketplace of services between devices and 2) allows us to automate in a cryptographically verifiable manner several existing, time-consuming workflows. We also point out certain issues that should be considered before the deployment of a blockchain network in an IoT setting: from transactional privacy to the expected value of the digitized assets traded on the network. Wherever applicable, we identify solutions and workarounds. Our conclusion is that the blockchain-IoT combination is powerful and can cause significant transformations across several industries, paving the way for new business models and novel, distributed applications.
Analgesic and Chondroprotective Effects of Risedronate in Osteoarthritis Assessed by Electroalgometry and Measurement of Collagen Type II Fragments in Urine (2008)

We evaluated the effect of the bisphosphonate, risedronate, on pain and cartilage metabolism in 33 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, randomized into two groups. Group RC was treated with risedronate (2.5 mg/day) and calcium (900 mg/day); group C received calcium (900 mg/day) alone. Pain on exercise was estimated using a subjective visual rating scale (VRS) and an electroalgometric method of measuring decrease in skin impedance, previously shown to be indicative of pain. We measured urinary excretion of cartilage-specific collagen type II fragments as a marker of cartilage degradation. Multiple regression analysis revealed that pain alleviation as measured by skin impedance, but not VRS, was associated with a decrease in collagen fragment excretion. This suggests that, for pain evaluation, reduction in skin impedance may have a greater physiological basis compared with VRS-based evaluation. We consider that the chondroprotective and analgesic effects of risedronate may be related.
Closing in on complete pathways of biotin biosynthesis (2011)

Biotin is an enzyme cofactor indispensable to metabolic fixation of carbon dioxide in all three domains of life. Although the catalytic and physiological roles of biotin have been well characterized, the biosynthesis of biotin remains to be fully elucidated. Studies in microbes suggest a two-stage biosynthetic pathway in which a pimelate moiety is synthesized and used to begin assembly of the biotin bicyclic ring structure. The enzymes involved in the bicyclic ring assembly have been studied extensively. In contrast the synthesis of pimelate, a seven carbon α,ω-dicarboxylate, has long been an enigma. Support for two different routes of pimelate synthesis has recently been obtained in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The E. coli BioC-BioH pathway employs a methylation and demethylation strategy to allow elongation of a temporarily disguised malonate moiety to a pimelate moiety by the fatty acid synthetic enzymes whereas the B. subtilis BioI-BioW pathway utilizes oxidative cleavage of fatty acyl chains. Both pathways produce the pimelate thioester precursor essential for the first step in assembly of the fused rings of biotin. The enzymatic mechanisms and biochemical strategies of these pimelate synthesis models will be discussed in this review.
Engineered substrates for Moore and more than Moore's law: Device scaling: Entering the substrate era (2015)

Since 10 years, end markets drastically changed towards mobile connected users and typical performance/cost KPIs have evolved towards more demanding PPAC (Power Performance Area Cost) metrics adding power consumption (battery life) and area (form factors) constraints. In this effort to bring more performance, less power or more functionality, innovation or evolution starting from substrates has demonstrated significant successes, such as FDSOI for extension of Moore's law beyond 28nm node. In the field of front end modules (FEM) for smartphones, switch, previously built on AsGa substrates, are now built on RFSOI substrates. These examples are perfect illustrations that engineered substrates era is supporting the extension of Moore and More Than Moore roadmaps.
Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria (1969)

1. The Phase Equilibrium Problem. 2. Classical Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria. 3. Thermodynamic Properties from Volumetric Data. 4. Intermolecular Forces, Corresponding States and Osmotic Systems. 5. Fugacities in Gas Mixtures. 6. Fugacities in Liquid Mixtures: Excess Functions. 7. Fugacities in Liquid Mixtures: Models and Theories of Solutions. 8. Polymers: Solutions, Blends, Membranes, and Gels. 9. Electrolyte Solutions. 10. Solubilities of Gases in Liquids. 11. Solubilities of Solids in Liquids. 12. High-Pressure Phase Equilibria. Appendix A. Uniformity of Intensive Potentials as a Criterion of Phase Equilibrium. Appendix B. A Brief Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics. Appendix C. Virial Coefficients for Quantum Gases. Appendix D. The Gibbs-Duhem Equation. Appendix E. Liquid-Liquid Equilibria in Binary and Multicomponent Systems. Appendix F. Estimation of Activity Coefficients. Appendix G. A General Theorem for Mixtures with Associating or Solvating Molecules. Appendix H. Brief Introduction to Perturbation Theory of Dense Fluids. Appendix I. The Ion-Interaction Model of Pitzer for Multielectrolyte Solutions. Appendix J. Conversion Factors and Constants. Index.
Large-Scale Field Application of RNAi Technology Reducing Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus Disease in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera, Hymenoptera: Apidae) (2010)

The importance of honey bees to the world economy far surpasses their contribution in terms of honey production; they are responsible for up to 30% of the world's food production through pollination of crops. Since fall 2006, honey bees in the U.S. have faced a serious population decline, due in part to a phenomenon called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), which is a disease syndrome that is likely caused by several factors. Data from an initial study in which investigators compared pathogens in honey bees affected by CCD suggested a putative role for Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus, IAPV. This is a single stranded RNA virus with no DNA stage placed taxonomically within the family Dicistroviridae. Although subsequent studies have failed to find IAPV in all CCD diagnosed colonies, IAPV has been shown to cause honey bee mortality. RNA interference technology (RNAi) has been used successfully to silence endogenous insect (including honey bee) genes both by injection and feeding. Moreover, RNAi was shown to prevent bees from succumbing to infection from IAPV under laboratory conditions. In the current study IAPV specific homologous dsRNA was used in the field, under natural beekeeping conditions in order to prevent mortality and improve the overall health of bees infected with IAPV. This controlled study included a total of 160 honey bee hives in two discrete climates, seasons and geographical locations (Florida and Pennsylvania). To our knowledge, this is the first successful large-scale real world use of RNAi for disease control.
A general synthetic strategy toward aminocyclopentitol glycosidase inhibitors. Application of palladium catalysis to the synthesis of allosamizoline and mannostatin A (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA general synthetic strategy toward aminocyclopentitol glycosidase inhibitors. Application of palladium catalysis to the synthesis of allosamizoline and mannostatin ABarry M. Trost and David L. Van VrankenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 2, 444–458Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00055a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00055a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1411Altmetric-Citations176LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Allergic contact dermatitis following exposure to essential oils (2002)

Allergic contact dermatitis from the topical use of essential oils is not widely recognized as an occupational hazard. Four cases of allergic contact dermatitis to essential oils occurring in three aromatherapists and one chemist with a particular interest in aromatherapy are described. All presented with predominantly hand dermatitis and demonstrated sensitization to multiple essential oils. One patient developed a recurrence of cutaneous symptoms following ingestion of lemongrass tea. Workers within this industry should be aware of the sensitization potential of these products and the risk of limiting their ability to continue employment.
Isolation of Regulatory Proteins for the Rab3 Subfamily GTPases (2003)

The Rab small GTPase family consists of over sixty members, and is implicated in intracellular vesicle trafficking, which includes exocytosis, endocytosis, and transcytosis (, , , , ). All the Rab GTPases have unique C-terminal structures, which undergo posttranslational modifications with geranylgeranyl moieties in most cases. Rab GTPases cycle between the guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound inactive and guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound active forms and between the cytosol and the membranes, and these cyclical activation, inactivation, and translocation processes are regulated by at least three types of regulatory proteins: GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), GDP/GTP exchange proteins (GEPs), and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). In the cytosol, a Rab GTPase is maintained in the GDP-bound inactive form by a GDI. The GDP-bound form is first released from the GDI by an unknown mechanism that is coupled to the delivery of a Rab GTPase to a specific membrane compartment (,); the Rab GTPase is subsequently converted to the GTP-bound form by the action of a GEP. The GTP-bound form then interacts with a downstream effector(s). Thereafter, the GTP-bound form is converted to the GDP-bound form by the action of a GAP. The GDP-bound form produced on the membrane then complexes with the GDI and returns to the cytosol as a Rab GTPase-Rab GDI complex. Thus, a characteristic of Rab GTPases is that a cycle of membrane association/dissociation is superimposed onto their GDP/GTP cycle.
The organic composition of earwax. (1991)

Earwax is a mixture of desquamated keratinocytes and hair combined with the secretions of both the ceruminous and the sebaceous glands of the external ear canal. This study analyzed earwax using the combination analytical technique of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The major organic components of earwax identified were long chain fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated, alcohols, squalene and cholesterol. This study demonstrated that it is not currently possible to quantify statistically the substances which constitute earwax with accuracy. The presence of foreign substances within earwax was identified as a complicating factor in the analysis of earwax.
An end-to-end discriminative approach to machine translation (2006)

We present a perceptron-style discriminative approach to machine translation in which large feature sets can be exploited. Unlike discriminative reranking approaches, our system can take advantage of learned features in all stages of decoding. We first discuss several challenges to error-driven discriminative approaches. In particular, we explore different ways of updating parameters given a training example. We find that making frequent but smaller updates is preferable to making fewer but larger updates. Then, we discuss an array of features and show both how they quantitatively increase BLEU score and how they qualitatively interact on specific examples. One particular feature we investigate is a novel way to introduce learning into the initial phrase extraction process, which has previously been entirely heuristic.
Analysis and Synthesis of Multi-Qubit, Multi-Mode Quantum Devices (2015)

In this thesis we propose new methods in multi-qubit multi-mode circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit-QED) architectures. In Chapter 2 we describe a direct parity measurement method for three qubits, which can be realized in 2D circuit-QED with a possible extension to four qubits in a 3D circuit-QED setup for the implementation of the surface code. In Chapter 3 we show how to derive Hamiltonians and compute relaxation rates of the multi-mode superconducting microwave circuits consisting of single Josephson junctions using an exact impedance synthesis technique (the Brune synthesis) and applying previous formalisms for lumped element circuit quantization. In the rest of the thesis we extend our method in Chapter 3 to multi-junction (multi-qubit) multi-mode circuits through the use of state-space descriptions which allows us to quantize any multiport microwave superconducting circuit with a reciprocal lossy impedance response.
Partial deletion of alpha satellite DNA associated with reduced amounts of the centromere protein CENP-B in a mitotically stable human chromosome rearrangement. (1990)

A familial, constitutionally rearranged human chromosome 17 is deleted for much of the DNA in its centromeric region but retains full mitotic centromere activity. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and Southern blot analysis of the residual centromeric region revealed a approximately 700-kb centromeric array of tandemly repeated alpha satellite DNA that was only approximately 20 to 30% as large as a normal array. This deletion was associated with a reduction in the amount of the centromere-specific antigen CENP-B detected by indirect immunofluorescence. The coincidence of the primary constriction, the small residual array of alpha satellite DNA, and the reduced amount of detectable CENP-B support the hypothesis that CENP-B is associated with alpha satellite DNA. Furthermore, the finding that both the deleted chromosome 17 and its derivative supernumerary fragment retained mitotic function and possess centromeric protein antigens suggests that human centromeres are structurally and functionally repetitive.