gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual rate mobile data system (2003)

A mobile data system that uses two significantly different data rates on the air interface is described. In a cellular system it is the conditions prevailing for a mobile terminal at the cell border that is setting the limit for a reasonable data rate. However, there are conditions in the cell, e.g. a stationary terminal close to the base station, where it is possible to use a higher data rate. A system is described that is designed for 12.5 kHz LMR channels. The system uses a binary digital FM of GMSK-type as the default transmission mode, but it switches to multilevel CPM when radio conditions are found to be good by the terminal. Considerations on the choice of the number of levels, and on the performance and complexity of the multilevel signalling, are given. Criteria for deciding when conditions are good enough for a rate increase are also suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nanocomposite hydrogels based on liquid crystalline brush-like block copolymer–Au nanorods and their application in H2O2 detection (2015)

New nanocomposite hydrogels from liquid crystalline brush-like block copolymers (LCBBCs) and gold nanorods (AuNRs) were synthesized and characterized. The hydrogels protected and stabilized AuNRs, which presented peroxidase-like activity and catalysed the oxidation of a substrate in the presence of H2O2 and elicited a sensitive chromogenic response. This reusable, table-top stable, free-standing nanocomposite hydrogel platform can be used to develop a simple and reproducible method to detect H2O2.
Synthesis of monodisperse iron oxide nanocrystals by thermal decomposition of iron carboxylate salts (2004)

Iron oxide (Fe3O4, magnetite) nanocrystals of 6 to 30 nm with narrow size distributions (σ = 5–10%) were prepared by the pyrolysis of iron carboxylate salts.
A multi-block data compression method based on arithmetic coding for a library database (1992)

Statistical analysis of the distributional and correlational properties of the characters in a large library data file with formatted records leads to the employment of a number of cumulative probability distributions to encode characters in various fields of each record. The performance of the proposed technique is compared with those of two-pass and adaptive character-based arithmetic coding methods. Experimental results show that the proposed technique yields a 13.6 to 13.9% increase in compression for a file in the Sydney Micro Library System.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The characterization of pneumococcal C-polysaccharide as a ribitol teichoic acid (1967)

Research Article| November 01 1967 The characterization of pneumococcal C-polysaccharide as a ribitol teichoic acid D E Brundish; D E Brundish Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J Baddiley J Baddiley Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1967) 105 (2): 30C–31C. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1050030C Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation D E Brundish, J Baddiley; The characterization of pneumococcal C-polysaccharide as a ribitol teichoic acid. Biochem J 1 November 1967; 105 (2): 30C–31C. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1050030C Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1967 The Biochemical Society1967 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
VHL: A very hip ligase (1999)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
An Antibody Reactive with Domain 4 of the Platelet-derived Growth Factor β Receptor Allows BB Binding while Inhibiting Proliferation by Impairing Receptor Dimerization (1997)

A panel of murine monoclonal antibodies was generated against the extracellular domain of the human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta receptor (PDGFRbeta). These antibodies were assayed for both the ability to inhibit binding of PDGF BB to PDGFRbeta+ cells as well as the capacity to inhibit PDGF BB-mediated mitogenesis. As expected, all antibodies that could prevent PDGF BB binding also inhibited mitogenesis. However one antibody (M4TS.11), with no detectable ability to inhibit PDGF BB binding, was a potent inhibitor of proliferation induced by PDGF BB. Further characterization indicated that M4TS.11 impaired PDGFRbeta dimerization, revealing the mechanism by which it prevented PDGF BB-mediated mitogenesis. Using domain deletion mutants of the extracellular portion of PDGFRbeta, the determinant recognized by this antibody was localized to the fourth extracellular domain of PDGFRbeta, indicating that this domain, which is not involved in ligand binding, actively participates in receptor dimerization and signal transduction. The M4TS.11 antibody could also inhibit PDGF BB-mediated proliferation of responsive cells from both the baboon and the rabbit, indicating the determinant recognized by the antibody is not limited to humans and making it possible to use this antibody to evaluate the therapeutic benefit of interfering with PDGF in animal models of human disease.
Transcutaneous Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Fecal Incontinence in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Therapeutic Option? (2008)

These preliminary results are encouraging, although further studies are necessary. Posterior tibial nerve electrical stimulation may represent a new therapeutic option to treat the difficult problem of fecal incontinence in patients with IBD.
Electrochemical and Theoretical Study of π–π Stacking Interactions between Graphitic Surfaces and Pyrene Derivatives (2014)

In this study, the reversibility of π–π stacking interactions at graphite electrodes (GE) of pyrene, 1-aminopyrene, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) have been studied. The adsorption and desorption of these π-orbital-rich molecules was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The experimental investigations were complemented with a density functional theory study of the interaction between these π-orbital-rich molecules and graphite. It was demonstrated that the charged pyrene derivatives could be electrochemically desorbed from the graphitic surfaces, when a sufficiently high potential of the same charge as the pyrene derivative, was applied to the electrode. The duration of the applied potential, the pH and the magnitude of the applied potential during potential pulsing were found to be important with regards to the desorption efficiency. Up to 90% of charged pyrene derivatives could be removed from the electrode surface within 60 s via potential pulsing. However, these parameters produced insignificant effects on neutral pyrene bound to the graphite. A potential application of this electrochemically induced desorption of π-rich species in drug delivery was demonstrated via the release of adsorbed doxorubicin (DOX).
Conformational equilibria and intrinsic affinities define integrin activation (2017)

We show that the three conformational states of integrin α<sub>5</sub>β<sub>1</sub> have discrete free energies and define activation by measuring intrinsic affinities for ligand of each state and the equilibria linking them. The 5,000-fold higher affinity of the extended-open state than the bent-closed and extended-closed states demonstrates profound regulation of affinity. Free energy requirements for activation are defined with protein fragments and intact α<sub>5</sub>β<sub>1</sub> On the surface of K562 cells, α<sub>5</sub>β<sub>1</sub> is 99.8% bent-closed. Stabilization of the bent conformation by integrin transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains must be overcome by cellular energy input to stabilize extension. Following extension, headpiece opening is energetically favored. N-glycans and leg domains in each subunit that connect the ligand-binding head to the membrane repel or crowd one another and regulate conformational equilibria in favor of headpiece opening. The results suggest new principles for regulating signaling in the large class of receptors built from extracellular domains in tandem with single-span transmembrane domains.
Efficient and fair MAC for wireless networks with self-interference cancellation (2011)

Recent advances in PHY layer design demonstrated efficient self-interference cancellation and full-duplex in a single band. Building a MAC that exploits self-interference cancellation is a challenging task. Links can be scheduled concurrently, but only if they either (i) don't interfere or (ii) allow for self-interference cancellation. Two issues arise: Firstly, it is difficult to construct a schedule that fully exploits the potentials for self-interference cancellation for arbitrary traffic patterns. Secondly, designing an efficient and fair distributed MAC is a daunting task; the issues become even more pronounced when scheduling under the constraints. We propose ContraFlow, a novel MAC that exploits the benefits of self-interference cancellation and increases spatial reuse. We use full-duplex to eliminate hidden terminals, and we rectify decentralized coordination inefficiencies among nodes, thereby improving fairness. Using measurements and simulations we illustrate the performance gains achieved when ContraFlow is used and we obtain both a throughput increase over current systems, as well as a significant improvement in fairness.
T-cell redirected killing and cure of pancreatic and gastric cancer xenografts by targeting Trop-2. (2015)

262 Background: Trop-2 [also called tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2), EGP-1 (epithelial glycoprotein-1), GA733-1, or M1S1]is a 35 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed relative to normal tissues in a variety of human cancers, including pancreatic and gastric carcinomas, where increased expression correlates with poor prognosis. Trop-2 appears to be more tumor-specific than the related molecule, EpCAM (Trop-1). MT110, the EpCAM antibody x CD3 bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), is currently undergoing a Phase I study in various solid tumors, including lung, gastric, colorectal, breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers. We produced a similar T-cell redirecting bispecific tandem scFv, E1-3, using the variable domains of hRS7 (humanized anti-Trop-2 mAb) and Okt-3 (anti-CD3 mAb). Methods: T-cell activation, cytokine induction and cytotoxicity were evaluated ex vivo using PBMCs or purified T cells with human pancreatic (Capan-1 and BxPC3) and gastric (NCI-N87) cancer cell lines as target cells. In vivo activity was assayed with NCI-N87 xenografts that were inoculated s.c. in a mixture with twice the number of human PBMCs and matrigel. Results: In the presence of target cells and PBMCs, E1-3 potently induced T-cell activation, proliferation, and dose-dependent cytokine production of IL-2 (&gt;2 ng/mL), IL-6 (&gt;1 ng/mL), IL-10 (&gt;7 ng/mL), TNF-α (&gt;1 ng/mL) and IFN-γ (&gt;50 ng/mL). In vitro, E1-3 mediated a highly potent T-cell lysis of BxPC3 [IC 50 =0.09(±0.04) pM], Capan-1 [IC 50 =1.2(±1.1) pM] and NCI-N87 [IC 50 =1.2(±1.2) pM] target cells. In vivo, two 50-µg doses of E1-3 given three days apart cured all of the mice (N=8) bearing NCI-N87 xenografts (P=0.0005; Log-Rank). Tumors in the control group (PBMCs only) reached the endpoint (TV&gt;1 cm 3 ) with a median of 39.5 days. All mice remained tumor-free in the E1-3 group at 78 days. Conclusions: Trop-2 is an attractive target for T-cell-mediated killing of pancreatic, gastric and other epithelial cancers.
Intratumoral CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cell-mediated suppression of infiltrating CD4+ T cells in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2006)

Most non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are of B-cell origin, but the tumor tissue can be variably infiltrated with T cells. In the present study, we have identified a subset of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells with high levels of CTLA-4 and Foxp3 (intratumoral T(reg) cells) that are overrepresented in biopsy specimens of B-cell NHL (median of 17% in lymphoma biopsies, 12% in inflammatory tonsil, and 6% in tumor-free lymph nodes; P = .001). We found that these CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells suppressed the proliferation and cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-4) production of infiltrating CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells in response to PHA stimulation. PD-1 was found to be constitutively and exclusively expressed on a subset of infiltrating CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells, and B7-H1 could be induced on intratumoral CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in B-cell NHL. Anti-B7-H1 antibody or PD-1 fusion protein partly restored the proliferation of infiltrating CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells when cocultured with intratumoral T(reg) cells. Finally, we found that CCL22 secreted by lymphoma B cells is involved in the chemotaxis and migration of intratumoral T(reg) cells that express CCR4, but not CCR8. Taken together, our results suggest that T(reg) cells are highly represented in the area of B-cell NHL and that malignant B cells are involved in the recruitment of these cells into the area of lymphoma.
Knowledge-based information retrieval from semi-structured text (1996)

This paper describes FAQ Finder, a natural language question-answering system that uses files of frequently-asked questions as its knowledge base. Unlike AI question-answering systems that focus on the generation of new answers, FAQ Finder retrieves existing ones found in frequently-asked question files. Unlike information retrieval approaches that rely on a purely lexical metric of similarity between query and document, FAQ Finder uses a semantic knowledge base (WordNet) and natural language processing techniques to improve its ability to match question and answer. We describe an evaluation of the system&amp;apos;s performance against a corpus of user questions, and show that a combination of techniques from information retrieval and natural language processing works better than any single approach. Introduction In the vast information space of the Internet, individuals and small groups have created small pockets of order, organized around their particular interests and hobbies. For the most...
PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Together With Vaccine Therapy Facilitates Effector T-Cell Infiltration Into Pancreatic Tumors (2014)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has a poor prognosis due to late detection and resistance to conventional therapies. Published studies show that the PDA tumor microenvironment is predominantly infiltrated with immune suppressive cells and signals that if altered, would allow effective immunotherapy. However, single-agent checkpoint inhibitors including agents that alter immune suppressive signals in other human cancers such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death 1 (PD-1), and its ligand PD-L1, have failed to demonstrate objective responses when given as single agents to PDA patients. We recently reported that inhibition of the CTLA-4 pathway when given together with a T cell inducing vaccine gives objective responses in metastatic PDA patients. In this study, we evaluated blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. We found that PD-L1 is weakly expressed at a low frequency in untreated human and murine PDAs but treatment with a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor secreting PDA vaccine (GVAX) significantly upregulates PD-L1 membranous expression after treatment of tumor-bearing mice. In addition, combination therapy with vaccine and PD-1 antibody blockade improved murine survival compared with PD-1 antibody monotherapy or GVAX therapy alone. Furthermore, PD-1 blockade increased effector CD8 T lymphocytes and tumor-specific interferon-γ production of CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Immunosuppressive pathways, including regulatory T cells and CTLA-4 expression on T cells were overcome by the addition of vaccine and low-dose cyclophosphamide to PD-1 blockade. Collectively, our study supports combining PD-1 or PD-L1 antibody therapy with a T cell inducing agent for PDA treatment.
Efficient Infection Mediated by Viral Receptors Incorporated into Retroviral Particles (1998)

Many host cell surface proteins, including viral receptors, are incorporated into enveloped viruses. To address the functional significance of these host proteins, murine leukemia viruses containing the cellular receptors for Rous sarcoma virus (Tva) or ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MCAT-1) were produced. These receptor-pseudotyped viruses efficiently infect cells expressing the cognate viral envelope glycoproteins, with titers of up to 10(5) infectious units per milliliter for the Tva pseudotypes. Receptor and viral glycoprotein specificity and functional requirements are maintained, suggesting that receptor pseudotype infection recapitulates events of normal viral entry. The ability of the Tva and MCAT-1 pseudotypes to infect cells efficiently suggests that, in contrast to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry, neither of these retroviral receptors requires a coreceptor for membrane fusion. In addition, the ability of receptor pseudotypes to target infected cells suggests that they may be useful therapeutic reagents for directing infection of viral vectors. Receptor-pseudotyped viruses may be useful for identifying new viral receptors or for defining functional requirements of known receptors. Moreover, this work suggests that the production of receptor pseudotypes in vivo could provide a mechanism for expanded viral tropism with potential effects on the pathogenesis and evolution of the virus.
Molecular biotechnology: principles and applications of recombinant DNA (1995)

Preface Preface to the First Edition PART I FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY 1. The Development of Molecular Biotechnology 2. DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis 3. Recombinant DNA Technology 4. Chemical Synthesis, Amplification, and Sequencing of DNA 5. Bioinformatics, Genomics, and Proteomics 6. Manipulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes 7. Heterologous Protein Production in Eukaryotic Cells 8. Directed Mutagenesis and Protein Engineering PART II MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY OF MICROBIAL SYSTEMS 9. Molecular Diagnostics 10. Protein Therapeutics 11. Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Agents 12. Vaccines 13 Synthesis of Commercial Products by Recombinant Microorganisms 14. Bioremediation and Biomass Utilization 15. Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria 16. Microbial Insecticides 17. Large-Scale Production of Proteins from Recombinant Microorganisms PART III MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY OF EUKARYOTIC SYSTEMS 18. Genetic Engineering of Plants: Methodology 19. Engineering Plants To Overcome Biotic and Abiotic Stress 20. Engineering Plant Quality and Proteins 21. Transgenic Animals PART IV MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY 22. Regulating the Use of Biotechnology 23. Societal Issues in Biotechnology Amino Acids of Proteins and Their Designations Glossary Index
Toward the complete characterization of host cell proteins in biotherapeutics via affinity depletions, LC-MS/MS, and multivariate analysis (2015)

Host cell protein (HCP) impurities are generated by the host organism during the production of therapeutic recombinant proteins, and are difficult to remove completely. Though commonly present in small quantities, if levels are not controlled, HCPs can potentially reduce drug efficacy and cause adverse patient reactions. A high resolution approach for thorough HCP characterization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is presented herein. In this method, antibody samples are first depleted via affinity enrichment (e.g., Protein A, Protein L) using milligram quantities of material. The HCP-containing flow-through is then enzymatically digested, analyzed using nano-UPLC-MS/MS, and proteins are identified through database searching. Nearly 700 HCPs were identified from samples with very low total HCP levels (< 1 ppm to ∼ 10 ppm) using this method. Quantitation of individual HCPs was performed using normalized spectral counting as the number of peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) per protein is proportional to protein abundance. Multivariate analysis tools were utilized to assess similarities between HCP profiles by: 1) quantifying overlaps between HCP identities; and 2) comparing correlations between individual protein abundances as calculated by spectral counts. Clustering analysis using these measures of dissimilarity between HCP profiles enabled high resolution differentiation of commercial grade monoclonal antibody samples generated from different cell lines, cell culture, and purification processes.
Isolation of albumin from whole human plasma and fractionation of albumin-depleted plasma (1976)

The dye Cibacron Blue F-3-GA was conjugated to Sepharose to provide an affinity column for serum albumin. Passage of whole human plasma through a column of Cibacron Blue-Sepharose results in the removal of approx. 98% of the albumin. The latter can be quantitatively recovered by desorption with NaSCN. Albumin-depleted plasma can be readily resolved into discrete fractions by a combination of conventional biochemical techniques. In particular, the resolution of plasma proteins with properties similar to those of native human plasma albumin can readily be accomplished by ion-exchange chromatography of the Sepharose-dye-treated plasma on DEAE-cellulose.
Second law analysis of extra power requirements for a cascade of industrial compressors (2002)

Laboratory based research, development and testing of gas turbine and aircraft engine combustion processes requires a supply of compressed air at pressures, temperatures and flow rates comparable to the operating conditions from the compressors of the actual engine in which the compressor is powered by the turbine. However, in the laboratory, the compressed air is typically provided by a cascade of compressors with some intercooling and driven by large nominally fixed speed three phase induction motors. The control of the output pressure and flow has been performed with a combination of throttle and dump valves in the cascade while final temperature is attained by natural gas fueled heaters. An existing system has had an energy cost in excess of $2,000 per hour. While, it was recognized that some fundamentally wasteful techniques might be contributing to this substantial operating cost, it was not clear if there could be any practical and cost-effective method for reducing the power requirements: and costs. Thus, the authors undertook a 1st and 2nd law analysis for the purpose of identifying any such energy and cost saving options. It was expected that such an analysis might result in recommending modifications of the system in terms of additional intercooling, variable speed motors or installation of inlet guide vanes that would require substantial capital investment and installation to realize the benefits. Thus, the authors were surprised to find that the largest initial benefits could be achieved immediately with no capital investment, but by means of some minimal changes in the operating procedures. This paper describes the system, the author's analysis and the resulting changes in procedures that have resulted in a 15% reduction of required power and electric cost, along with describing additional computer based monitoring and equipment changes that are being considered or proposed.