gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anode modification of inverted polymer solar cells using graphene oxide (2010)

A simple method has been developed to modify the anode interface of inverted bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells by spin-coating a thin layer of graphene oxide (GO) on top of the organic active layer. The device with GO exhibited a remarkable improvement in power conversion efficiency compared to devices without any interfacial layer, indicating that GO can effectively modify the BHJ/metal anode interface to facilitate efficient hole collection. The dependence of the device performance on the GO layer thickness was also investigated showing an optimum performance from a GO thickness of ∼2–3 nm.
Genetic construction and characterization of a fusion protein consisting of a chimeric F(ab’) with specificity for carcinomas and human IL-2 (1991)

A genetic construct was created incorporating gene fragments encoding the H chain V region of the human carcinoma specific antibody L6, the CH1 domain of human IgG1, a linker region, and human IL-2. This construct was cotransfected with a chimeric L6 L chain construct into the murine myeloma cell line Ag8.653 for expression. First round clones produced the fusion protein at an estimated 5 to 10 micrograms/ml based on idiotypic reactivity. Dual binding activity was demonstrated through specific interaction with the L6 Ag on human tumor cells and the IL-2R on activated human T cells. The IL-2 portion of the molecule was shown to support the growth of the IL-2-dependent T cell line CTLL2, and the qualitative nature of the IL-2 signal was found to be the same as rIL-2 with respect to induction of tyrosine-phosphorylation of intracellular protein substrates. Tumor cells coated with the fusion protein were shown to cause T cell proliferation and the presence of the fusion protein was found to enhance cell-mediated destruction of human tumor cells.
Alterations in Gastric Mucin With Malignant Transformation: Novel Pathway for Mucin Synthesis (1995)

Journal Article Alterations in Gastric Mucin With Malignant Transformation: Novel Pathway for Mucin Synthesis Get access Yoshito Yamashita, Yoshito Yamashita Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yong S. Chung, Yong S. Chung Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ryuichi Horie, Ryuichi Horie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reiji Kannagi, Reiji Kannagi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michio Sowa Michio Sowa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 6, 15 March 1995, Pages 441–446, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.6.441 Published: 15 March 1995 Article history Received: 19 August 1994 Revision received: 15 November 1994 Accepted: 21 December 1994 Published: 15 March 1995
THE ROLE OF CXC CHEMOKINES AS REGULATORS OF ANGIOGENESIS (1995)

The regulation of angiogenesis is fundamental to a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Although a number of factors have been identified that induce neovascularization, it is becoming increasingly apparent that endogenous angiostatic factors may play an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis during wound repair, chronic inflammation, and growth of solid tumors. In this review, we demonstrate that the CXC chemokine family of cytokines display disparate angiogenic activity depending upon the presence or absence of the ELR motif, a structural amino acid motif previously found to be important in receptor ligand binding on neutrophils. CXC chemokines containing the ELR motif are potent angiogenic factors, inducing both in vitro endothelial chemotaxis and in vivo corneal neovascularization. In contrast, the CXC chemokines that lack the ELR motif, PF4, IP-10, and MIG, not only fail to induce significant in vitro endothelial cell chemotaxis or in vivo corneal neovascularization, but are found to be potent angiostatic factors in the presence of CXC chemokines containing the ELR motif. These findings suggest that the CXC chemokine family can display disparate angiogenic activity that depends upon the presence or absence of the ELR motif. Furthermore, these studies support the notion that the net biological balance in the magnitude of expression of angiogenic and angiostatic CXC chemokines at either the site of wound repair or during tumorigenesis may be important in the regulation of net angiogenesis.
Morphogenesis of One‐Dimensional ZnO Nano‐ and Microcrystals (2003)

The deterministic growth of different shapes of ZnO crystals from nanometer to micrometer scale is reported. Tetrapods (see Figure) and dendrites have been synthesized by simply adjusting the reaction temperature and the partial pressure of oxygen within the system. Size control of these structures can be achieved. ZnO nanoribbons are also easily accessible.
A maximum-likelihood approach to stochastic matching for robust speech recognition (1996)

Presents a maximum-likelihood (ML) stochastic matching approach to decrease the acoustic mismatch between a test utterance and a given set of speech models so as to reduce the recognition performance degradation caused by distortions in the test utterance and/or the model set. We assume that the speech signal is modeled by a set of subword hidden Markov models (HMM) /spl Lambda//sub x/. The mismatch between the observed test utterance Y and the models /spl Lambda//sub x/ can be reduced in two ways: 1) by an inverse distortion function F/sub /spl nu//(.) that maps Y into an utterance X that matches better with the models /spl Lambda//sub x/ and 2) by a model transformation function G/sub /spl eta//(.) that maps /spl Lambda//sub x/ to the transformed model /spl Lambda//sub x/ that matches better with the utterance Y. We assume the functional form of the transformations F/sub /spl nu//(.) or G/sub /spl eta//(.) and estimate the parameters /spl nu/ or /spl eta/ in a ML manner using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The choice of the form of F/sub /spl nu//(.) or G/sub /spl eta//(.) is based on prior knowledge of the nature of the acoustic mismatch. The stochastic matching algorithm operates only on the given test utterance and the given set of speech models, and no additional training data is required for the estimation of the mismatch prior to actual testing. Experimental results are presented to study the properties of the proposed algorithm and to verify the efficacy of the approach in improving the performance of a HMM-based continuous speech recognition system in the presence of mismatch due to different transducers and transmission channels.
Involvement of bacterial migration in the development of complex multicellular structures in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms (2003)

Detailed knowledge of the developmental process from single cells scattered on a surface to complex multicellular biofilm structures is essential in order to create strategies to control biofilm development. In order to study bacterial migration patterns during Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development, we have performed an investigation with time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy of biofilms formed by various combinations of colour-coded P. aeruginosa wild type and motility mutants. We show that mushroom-shaped multicellular structures in P. aeruginosa biofilms can form in a sequential process involving a non-motile bacterial subpopulation and a migrating bacterial subpopulation. The non-motile bacteria form the mushroom stalks by growth in certain foci of the biofilm. The migrating bacteria form the mushroom caps by climbing the stalks and aggregating on the tops in a process which is driven by type-IV pili. These results lead to a new model for biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa.
Semiconductor CdS:Mn/ZnS quantum dots for sensing applications (2010)

Since past several years, quantum dot (Qdot) nanotechnology has advanced our capabilities towards sensitive and reliable imaging of biological specimens such as cells, tissues etc. It is well understood that surface passivation is extremely important in obtaining bright and photostable Qdots. Traditionally, an inorganic wide band-gap epitaxially-matched shell material (such as ZnS, ZnSe etc.) is used over the Qdot core (such as CdS, CdSe etc.). Surface passivation minimizes surface related defects and improves quantum efficiency as well as photostability. This is also applicable to dopant based Qdots such as CdS:Mn/ZnS Qdots. In this work we present our research data on CdS:Mn/ZnS Qdots that are further surface modified with appropriate organic ligands for selective sensing applications. These ligands are capable of quenching Qdot luminescence via electron transfer process. Qdot luminescence is restored when electron transfer process is blocked. Using this quenching mechanism, we have demonstrated selective sensing of cadmium ions, alkali metal ions and glutathione in a highly sensitive manner.
A THz transverse electromagnetic mode two-dimensional interconnect layer incorporating quasi-optics (2003)

We report the demonstration of a planar THz interconnect layer capable of transmitting subpicosecond pulses in the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode over arbitrarily long paths with low absorption and no observable group velocity dispersion. Quasioptical elements are incorporated within the interconnect layer forming a configurable THz bandwidth TEM-mode planar interconnect with negligible group velocity dispersion and low loss. For a 146 mm guided path length, including four reflections, the pulses are broadened by the frequency dependent absorption of the interconnect layer from 0.28 to 0.32 ps, and attenuated by the factor 0.2.
p6Gag is required for particle production from full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 molecular clones expressing protease (1995)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag protein precursor, Pr55Gag, contains at its C-terminal end a proline-rich, 6-kDa domain designated p6. Two functions have been proposed for p6: incorporation of the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr into virus particles and virus particle production. To characterize the role of p6 in the HIV-1 life cycle and to map functional domains within p6, we introduced a number of nonsense and single and multiple amino acid substitution mutations into p6. Following the introduction of the mutations into the full-length HIV-1 molecular clone pNL4-3, the effects on Gag protein expression and processing, virus particle production, and virus infectivity were analyzed. The production of mutant virus particles was also examined by transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that (i) p6 is required for efficient virus particle production from a full-length HIV-1 molecular clone; (ii) a Pro-Thr-Ala-Pro sequence, located between residues 7 and 10 of p6, is critical for virus particle production; (iii) mutations outside the Pro-Thr-Ala-Pro motif have little or no effect on virus assembly and release; (iv) the p6 defect is manifested at a late stage in the budding process; and (v) mutations in p6 that severely reduce virion production in HeLa cells also block or significantly delay the establishment of a productive infection in the CEM (12D-7) T-cell line. We further demonstrate that mutational inactivation of the viral protease reverses the p6 defect, suggesting a functional linkage between p6 and the proteolytic processing of the Gag precursor protein during the budding of progeny virions.
Carbonization of electrospun poly(acrylonitrile) nanofibers containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes observed by transmission electron microscope with in situ heating (2010)

Abstract Composite nanofibers with 5% w/w multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were fabricated using the electrospinning technique. Morphological development during the carbonization process was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with in situ heating. It was found that the orientation of graphitic layers increases with temperature and does not change significantly with time during our TEM measurement, except the 750 °C. In the heating stage at 750 °C noticeable enhancement of orientation with time was observed. The presence of embedded CNTs enhances the order of the formed graphitic structures even when the CNTs are irregular or entangled. The results indicate that embedded MWCNTs in the PAN nanofibers nucleate the growth of carbon crystals during PAN carbonization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
Intra Predictive Depth Map Coding Using Flexible Block Partitioning (2015)

A complete encoding solution for efficient intra-based depth map compression is proposed in this paper. The algorithm, denominated predictive depth coding (PDC), was specifically developed to efficiently represent the characteristics of depth maps, mostly composed by smooth areas delimited by sharp edges. At its core, PDC involves a directional intra prediction framework and a straightforward residue coding method, combined with an optimized flexible block partitioning scheme. In order to improve the algorithm in the presence of depth edges that cannot be efficiently predicted by the directional modes, a constrained depth modeling mode, based on explicit edge representation, was developed. For residue coding, a simple and low complexity approach was investigated, using constant and linear residue modeling, depending on the prediction mode. The performance of the proposed intra depth map coding approach was evaluated based on the quality of the synthesized views using the encoded depth maps and original texture views. The experimental tests based on all intra configuration demonstrated the superior rate-distortion performance of PDC, with average bitrate savings of 6%, when compared with the current state-of-the-art intra depth map coding solution present in the 3D extension of a high-efficiency video coding (3D-HEVC) standard. By using view synthesis optimization in both PDC and 3D-HEVC encoders, the average bitrate savings increase to 14.3%. This suggests that the proposed method, without using transform-based residue coding, is an efficient alternative to the current 3D-HEVC algorithm for intra depth map coding.
Review of the newest HPLC methods with mass spectrometry detection for determination of immunosuppressive drugs in clinical practice. (2009)

High performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry is widely used for quantitative determination of immunosuppressive drugs (sirolimus, tacrolimus, everolimus, CsA and MPA) in biological fluids. The growth in volume for testing these drugs and economic constraints in clinical laboratories has led to heightened demand for high throughput methods. Fast-flow on-line extraction with switching valve technique and implementation of automation accelerates sample preparation. For on-line purification the combination of fast flow of washing solution and narrow-bore extraction column provides a clean sample in a very short time without compromising precision and accuracy. The unique feature of multireactant monitoring tandem mass spectrometry reduces significantly the need for chromatographic separation, as long as matrix effects are not detected, and permits simultaneous measurement of several drugs in one run when they are present in the same specimen. Additionally, the same method together with the identical sample preparation and HPLC-MS conditions and setting can be used for measurement of all five immunosuppressants, four of them in blood, MPA in plasma. Thanks to the high sensitivity of LC-MS only a small volume of biological sample is required for analysis. However for MPA quantitation, mass interference attributable to in-source fragmentation of its glucuronide metabolite can be a problem if the latter is not chromatographically separated from the parent drug before introduction of the sample into the ion source. Thus, chromatographic separation is extremely important for MPA analysis. In conclusion, important features of LC-MS methodology for immunosuppressive drugs include: shortened analysis time, increased throughput, selectivity and lower cost of analysis.<br /> <br />
Expanding the docosahexaenoic acid food web for sustainable production: engineering lower plant pathways into higher plants (2011)

One example of the importance of algal, and in particular microalgal, resources to land plant research is the metabolic engineering of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids into oilseed crops which typically uses microalgal genes to extend existing natural plant biosynthetic pathways. This review describes both recent progress and remaining challenges in this field.
Overexpression of cholesterol transporter StAR increases In Vivo rates of bile acid synthesis in the rat and mouse (2004)

Bile acid synthesis (BAS) occurs mainly via two pathways: the "neutral" pathway, which is initiated by highly regulated microsomal CYP7A1, and an "acidic" pathway, which is initiated by mitochondrial CYP27A1. Previously, we have shown that overexpression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), a mitochondrial cholesterol transport protein, increases bile acid biosynthesis more than 5-fold via the acidic pathway in primary rat hepatocytes. This observation suggests that mitochondrial cholesterol transport is the rate-limiting step of BAS via this pathway. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increased StAR on rates of BAS in vivo. Overexpression of StAR and CYP7A1 were mediated via infection with recombinant adenoviruses. BAS rates were determined in chronic biliary-diverted rats and mice, and in mice with an intact enterohepatic circulation. The protein/messenger RNA levels of StAR and CYP7A1 increased dramatically following overexpression. Overexpression of StAR or CYP7A1 led to a similar 2-fold (P <.01) increase in BAS over up-regulated (approximately 2-fold) 3-day chronic biliary-diverted control rats. Additionally, overexpression of StAR led to more than 3- and 6-fold increases over controls in the rates of BAS in biliary-diverted and intact mice, respectively (P <.01). In conclusion, in both rats and mice in vivo, overexpression of StAR led to a marked increase in the rates of BAS initiated by delivery of cholesterol to mitochondria containing CYP27A1.
Improved tumor detection by anti‐CEA chimeric Fab oligomers with disulfide linkages in a pancreatic‐carcinoma‐xenograft model (1996)

We have investigated the effect of Fab oligomerization on imaging efficacy in a pancreatic-carcinoma xenograft model in mice. Recombinant mouse/human chimeric Fab of the anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody A10, which has been shown to react specifically with gastrointestinal cancers, was used in this study. Fab homo-oligomers (dimers and trimers) chemically linked through disulfide bonds (S-S Fab oligomers) were prepared by linkage of chimeric Fab with N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate. Oligomers with S-S bonds showed 10-fold higher binding activity against human CEA than Fab, while the binding activity of oligomers was similar to that of F(ab′)2. In mice bearing pancreatic-carcinoma xenografts, tumor uptake of S-S oligomers was significantly greater than that of monomeric Fab, while there was no difference in tumor uptake between S-S Fab trimers and F(ab′)2. S-S oligomers showed more rapid clearance rates and uniform percolation in the tumor nodules than F(ab′)2. At 24 hr after injection, S-S Fab oligomers exhibited higher tumor-to-normal-tissue specificity ratios than did F(ab′)2. At 18 hr after injection, clear scintigraphic detection of the pancreatic-carcinoma tumors was obtained with 123I-labeled S-S Fab dimers. At 24 hr, improved tumor imaging was shown for 123I-labeled S-S Fab oligomers with slightly visible uptake in normal tissues, similar to that of F(ab′)2. S-S oligomers of chimeric A10 Fab may be useful as rapid diagnostic tools of pancreatic carcinomas. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Monomeric Expression of Bovine β2-Integrin Subunits Reveals Their Role inMannheimia haemolyticaLeukotoxin-Induced Biological Effects (2007)

The ruminant-specific leukotoxin (Lkt) of Mannheimia haemolytica is the key virulence factor contributing to the pathogenesis of lung injury in bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. Previous studies by us and others indicate that M. haemolytica Lkt binds to CD18, the beta subunit of bovine beta(2)-integrins on leukocytes, and that the species specificity of Lkt-induced effects is resident in the beta subunit CD18 and not in the alpha subunit CD11. However, Lkt also binds to the CD11a subunit of LFA-1. Furthermore, antibodies specific for CD18 or CD11a inhibit signaling events leading to elevation of intracellular [Ca(2+)], tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytosolic domain of CD18, and cytolysis of bovine leukocytes. These observations underscore the need for further investigation to identify the precise subunit of bovine LFA-1 utilized by M. haemolytica Lkt as the functional receptor. For this purpose, monomeric bovine CD18 and CD11a and heterodimeric LFA-1 were expressed in the HEK-293 cell line by transfection, and the resulting transfectants were tested for susceptibility to Lkt-induced effects. All three transfectants effectively bound Lkt. However, Lkt-induced cytolysis was observed only with transfectants expressing monomeric bovine CD18 or LFA-1. Furthermore, intracellular [Ca(2+)] elevation following exposure to Lkt, which is a marker for postbinding signaling leading to cellular activation, was seen only with transfectants expressing monomeric bovine CD18 or LFA-1. These results clearly indicate that the bovine CD18 subunit of beta(2)-integrins is the functional receptor for M. haemolytica Lkt.
PP.11.20 (2015)

Objective: Prevalence of hypertension (HTN) is high after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and has been associated to graft failure, death-censored graft failure and death. The Swiss Transplant Cohort Study has enrolled SOT participants prospectively since 2008. No data on the prevalence of HTN and poorly controlled HTN has been reported from this cohort so far. The objective was therefore to determine the prevalence of HTN and poorly controlled HRN Design and method: Patients’ characteristics including Blood pressure (BP) data were recorded at 6 and 12 months. HTN was defined as BP > 140/90 mmHg or the use of antihypertensive drugs. Uncontrolled HTN was defined as BP > 140/90 mmHg despite the use of antihypertensive drugs. Data from 1236 participants were available at baseline (time of SOT). Results: 64.8% of the participants were male, mean age was 52.0 ± 13.1 years (mean ± standard deviation), mean body mass index was 25.0 ± 13,1 Kg/m2. Table 1.Prevalence of HTN and poorly controlled HTN 6 and 12 month after SOT.At 6 and 12 months, the prevalence of HTN was different among the different organs (p < 0.001). The prevalence of uncontrolled HTN among the different organs was different at 6 months (p = 0.013) but not at 12 months (p = 0.080). In multivariate analysis age was associated with an increased risk of uncontrolled HTN at 6 and 12 months. Sex (male) and the number of antihypertensive drug used were associated with HTN at 6 months. Conclusions: The prevalence of HTN after SOT is high but dependent of the organ transplanted. Despite the use of antihypertensive drugs in most SOT patients, uncontrolled HTN is frequent, particularly in kidney transplants.