gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Habituation of the Gill-Withdrawal Reflex inAplysiaDepends on Protein Synthesis, Protein Phosphatase Activity, and Postsynaptic Glutamate Receptors (2003)

Despite representing perhaps the simplest form of memory, habituation is not yet well understood mechanistically. We used a reduced preparation to analyze the neurobiological mechanisms of persistent habituation of a simple behavior, the defensive withdrawal reflex of the marine snail Aplysia californica. This preparation permits direct infusion of drugs into the abdominal ganglion during training via a cannula in the abdominal artery. Using siphon-elicited gill withdrawal, we demonstrate habituation of withdrawal that persists for 1-6 hr after repeated, spaced blocks of habituating stimulation. This form of habituation exhibits site specificity and requires protein synthesis because it is blocked by the presence of anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor. We also find that habituation of gill withdrawal requires protein phosphatase activity, because it is blocked by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase. Finally, habituation of gill withdrawal requires activation of NMDA-type and AMPA-type postsynaptic receptors within the abdominal ganglion, because it is blocked by infusion of dl-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid or 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione. The requirement for activation of postsynaptic glutamatergic receptors indicates that homosynaptic depression, an exclusively presynaptic mechanism that has been implicated previously in habituation in Aplysia, does not play a significant role in persistent habituation of the withdrawal reflex. Our results indicate that postsynaptic mechanisms, possibly including modulation of glutamate receptor function, play a major, heretofore unsuspected, role in habituation in Aplysia.
HUMAN RENAL ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER 1 (hOAT1) AND ITS ROLE IN THE NEPHROTOXICITY OF ANTIVIRAL NUCLEOTIDE ANALOGS (2001)

hOAT1 is a renal membrane protein able to efficiently transport acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs). When expressed in CHO cells, hOAT1 mediates the uptake and cytotoxicity of ANPs suggesting that it plays an active role in the nephrotoxicity associated with cidofovir CMV therapy and high-dose adefovir HIV therapy. Although efficiently transported by hOAT1, tenofovir did not show any significant cytotoxicity in isolated human proximal tubular cells, which correlates with the lack of nephrotoxicity observed in HIV-infected patients on prolonged tenofovir therapy.
High-efficiency non-fullerene organic solar cells enabled by a difluorobenzothiadiazole-based donor polymer combined with a properly matched small molecule acceptor (2014)

Non-fullerene organic solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of up to 6.3% are reported using properly matched donor and acceptor.
Thermodynamics of mixed‐gas adsorption (1965)

Abstract A simple technique is described for calculating the adsorption equilibria for components in a gaseous mixture, using only data for the pure‐component adsorption equilibria at the same temperature and on the same adsorbent. The proposed technique is based on the concept of an ideal adsorbed solution and, using classical surface thermodynamics, an expression analogous to Raoult's law is obtained. The essential idea of the calculation lies in the recognition that in an ideal solution the partial pressure of an adsorbed component is given by the product of its mole fraction in the adsorbed phase and the pressure which it would exert as a pure adsorbed component at the same temperature and spreading pressure as those of the mixture. Predicted isotherms give excellent agreement with experimental data for methane‐ethane and ethylene‐carbon dioxide on activated carbon and for carbon monoxide‐oxygen and propane‐propylene on silica gel. The simplicity of the calculation, which requires no data for the mixture, makes it especially useful for engineering applications.
Catalase and glutathione peroxidase are equally active in detoxification of hydrogen peroxide in human erythrocytes (1989)

Genetic deficiencies of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and NADPH predispose affected erythrocytes to destruction from peroxides. Conversely, genetic deficiencies of catalase do not predispose affected erythrocytes to peroxide-induced destruction. These observations have served to strengthen the assumption that the NADPH/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase pathway is the principal means for disposal of H2O2 in human erythrocytes. Recently, however, mammalian catalase was found to have tightly bound NADPH and to require NADPH for the prevention and reversal of inactivation by its toxic substrate (H2O2). Since both catalase and the glutathione pathway are dependent on NADPH for function, this finding raises the possibility that both mechanisms destroy H2O2 in human erythrocytes. A comparison of normal and acatalasemic erythrocytes in the present study indicated that catalase accounts for more than half of the destruction of H2O2 when H2O2 is generated at a rate comparable to that which leads to hemolysis in G6PD- deficient erythrocytes.
Neutral and Cationic Fluorinated N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Rhodium and Iridium (2006)

Transmetalation of the structurally characterized silver N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) salt [Ag(IpFMe)2]+ (1, IpFMe = 1-pentafluorobenzyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene) to [Rh(COD)Cl]2 affords Rh(IpFMe)(COD)Cl (2). The analogous neutral iridium complex, Ir(IpFMe)(COD)Br (5), may be formed upon elimination of MeOH from [Ir(COD)(OMe)]2 in the reaction with 1-pentafluorobenzyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide. Thermolysis of [Ag(IpFMe)2]+ with either 5 or [Ir(COD)Cl]2 yields the cationic bis-NHC complex [Ir(IpFMe)2(COD)](AgX2) (6, X = Cl, Br), which exists as a mixture of conformers in solution. Addition of CO or AgOTf to 2 gives Rh(IpFMe)(CO)2Cl (3) and Rh(IpFMe)(COD)(OTf) (4), respectively. The molecular structures of compounds 1−6 have been determined by X-ray crystallography.
Random circular permutation of genes and expressed polypeptide chains: application of the method to the catalytic chains of aspartate transcarbamoylase. (1996)

Recent studies on proteins whose N and C termini are in close proximity have demonstrated that folding of polypeptide chains and assembly of oligomers can be accomplished with circularly permuted chains. As yet no methodical study has been conducted to determine how extensively new termini can be introduced and where such termini cannot be tolerated. We have devised a procedure to generate random circular permutations of the catalytic chains of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase; EC 2.1.3.2) and to select clones that produce active or stable holoenzyme containing permuted chains. A tandem gene construct was made, based on the desired linkage between amino acid residues in the C- and N-terminal regions of the polypeptide chain, and this DNA was treated with a suitable restriction enzyme to yield a fragment containing the rearranged coding sequence for the chain. Circularization achieved with DNA ligase, followed by linearization at random with DNase I, and incorporation of the linearized, repaired, blunt-ended, rearranged genes into a suitable plasmid permitted the expression of randomly permuted polypeptide chains. The plasmid with appropriate stop codons also contained pyrI, the gene encoding the regulatory chain of ATCase. Colonies expressing detectable amounts of ATCase-like molecules containing permuted catalytic chains were identified by an immunoblot technique or by their ability to grow in the absence of pyrimidines in the growth medium. Sequencing of positive clones revealed a variety of novel circular permutations. Some had N and C termini within helices of the wild-type enzyme as well as deletions and insertions. Permutations were concentrated in the C-terminal domain and only few were detected in the N-terminal domain. The technique, which is adaptable generally to proteins whose N and C termini are near each other, can be of value in relating in vivo folding of nascent, growing polypeptide chains to in vitro renaturation of complete chains and determining the role of protein sequence in folding kinetics.
Erosive arthritis and posterior uveitis in Behçet's disease: treatment with interferon alpha and interferon gamma. (1996)

Very few patients with Behçet's disease (BD) have been treated with interferon alpha (IFN alpha) or interferon gamma (IFN gamma) to date. We report the successful longterm treatment of a female German patient with erosive arthritis and posterior uveitis with IFN alpha and IFN gamma sequentially and in combination.
Identification of receptors for phorbol ester tumor promoters in intact mammalian cells and of an inhibitor of receptor binding in biologic fluids. (1981)

Utilizing [3H]phorbol dibutyrate [P(Bu)2], we have developed an assay for high-affinity phorbol ester receptors in intact rat embryo fibroblasts. At 37 degrees C, binding of [3H]P(Bu)2 reached a maximum within 10 min and was rapidly reversible. The tumor promoters 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate, teleocidin B, and mezerein were potent inhibitors of [3H]P(Bu)2 binding. Phorbol and 4-alpha-phorbol didecanoate, which lack tumor-promoting activity, did not inhibit [3H]P(Bu)2 binding. Epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, arginine and lysine vasopressin, luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone, and diazepam did not inhibit [3H]P(Bu)2 binding. A Scatchard analysis was compatible with two classes of binding sites, one with Kd = 8 nM and about 1--2 x 10(5) sites per cell and the other with Kd = 710 nM and about 3 x 10(6) sites per cell. Sera from various species, human amniotic fluid, and certain tissue extracts inhibited specific binding of [3H]P(Bu)2. Fractionation of human serum led to 135-fold purification of an inhibitory factor with a molecular weight in the range 40,000 to 80,000.
G-Protein Coupled Receptors:  Models, Mutagenesis, and Drug Design (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTG-Protein Coupled Receptors: Models, Mutagenesis, and Drug DesignJack Andrew Bikker, Susanne Trumpp-Kallmeyer, and Christine HumbletView Author Information Parke-Davis Neuroscience Research Centre, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 2QB, and Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division, Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 16, 2911–2927Publication Date (Web):July 30, 1998Publication History Received11 November 1997Published online30 July 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm970767ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm970767areview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views934Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Agonists,Genetics,Ligands,Peptides and proteins,Receptors Get e-Alerts
No male predominance in alpha-synuclein Parkinson's disease but the affected female fetus might be less viable (2002)

Contains fulltext : 223799.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Upstream sequences required for efficient expression of a soybean heat shock gene. (1986)

A soybean gene (Gmhsp17.5-E) encoding a small heat shock protein was introduced into primary sunflower tumors via T-DNA-mediated transformation. RNA blot hybridizations and S1-nuclease hybrid protection studies indicated that the heat shock gene containing 3.25 kilobases of 5'-flanking sequences was strongly transcribed in a thermoinducible (40 degrees C) manner. Transcriptional induction also occurred to a lesser extent upon treatment of whole tumors with sodium arsenite and CdCl2. Basal (26 degrees C) transcription was not detected in soybean seedlings, but it was quite evident in transformed tumor tissue. A 5' deletion to -1,175 base pairs with respect to the CAP site had no effect on the levels of thermoinducible transcription, but it resulted in a large increase in basal transcription. Further removal of DNA sequences (including the TATA-distal heat shock consensus element) to -95 base pairs reduced thermoinducible transcription by 95% and also greatly decreased basal transcription. The termini of the Gmhsp17.5-E RNA in the tumor were generally the same as those present in soybean RNA, with the exception of several additional 3' termini.
Mouse surfactant protein-D. cDNA cloning, characterization, and gene localization to chromosome 14 (1995)

Surfactant protein-D (SP-D) is a collectin found associated with surfactant in the lung. SP-D has also been functionally characterized as an opsonin for diverse microorganisms and a chemoattractant for phagocytic cells. To determine the structure of mouse SP-D, we isolated and characterized clones from a B6/CBAF1J strain lung cDNA library using a PCR-derived genomic probe. The deduced sequence predicts a 19-amino acid signal sequence, a 25-amino acid long NH2 terminus with two cysteines, followed by an uninterrupted collagen domain with 59 Gly-X-Y repeats. Next, a short "neck" domain of 28 amino acids, with a potential to form trimeric alpha-helical coiled coil is found ending in a COOH-terminal 125-amino acid carbohydrate recognition domain. The mature mouse SP-D protein of 355 amino acids shows strong homology to rat (92% identity), human (76%), and bovine (72%) SP-D amino acid sequences. Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that the mouse SP-D gene is expressed predominantly in lung and, surprisingly, also in heart, stomach, and kidney but not in brain. In contrast, mouse surfactant protein-A (SP-A) mRNA expression was found to be restricted to lung. Human lung and stomach, but not heart or liver, were found to express SP-D mRNA, as determined by PCR. The mouse SP-D gene (Sftp4) has been localized to chromosome 14 (to a region syntenic to human chromosome 10), closely linked to the genes for other collagenous lectins, mannose-binding protein-A (MbI1), and SP-A (Sftp1).
Difluoromethylornithine is effective as both a preventive and therapeutic agent against the development of UV carcinogenesis in SKH hairless mice (2001)

Targeting specific events associated with tumor development represents a rational approach to chemoprevention as well as therapeutic intervention. In this study the ability of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) to inhibit UV-induced skin carcinogenesis when administered before or after the appearance of tumors was examined. SKH hairless mice were irradiated 3 times per week with 90 mJ/cm(2); this dose was increased by 10% weekly to a maximum of 175 mJ/cm(2). Mice supplied 0.4% DFMO in the drinking water continuously throughout the experiment had an average of 2.0 tumors/mouse (72% incidence) at 30 weeks while controls had an average of 8.2 tumors/mouse (100% incidence). DFMO started after 12 weeks of UV, a time prior to tumor appearance, yielded 3.6 tumors and 100% incidence at 30 weeks. Starting DFMO at 22 weeks, when an average of 2.5 tumors were present, caused regression of tumors for several weeks, followed by a slight rebound. The final tumor number at 30 weeks was 3.0 (96% incidence). Thus, DFMO has strong chemopreventive efficacy, as well as therapeutic activity, against UV-induced skin tumors. Histological and proliferative markers support this conclusion.
First evidence of Anaplasma platys in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodida) collected from dogs in Africa. (2003)

A total of 27 ticks, comprising Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (n = 21), Haemaphysalis leachi (Andouin) (n = 4) and Haemaphysalis paraleachi (Camicas, Hoogstraal & El Kammah) (n = 2) were recovered from two clinically healthy female dogs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. DNA of Anaplasma platys was detected in a female R. sanguineus, using primers derived from the 16S rRNA gene, which amplify members of the family Anaplasmataceae . Anaplasma platys DNA was also detected in the blood of one of the dogs. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the 16S rRNA, the gltA and the groEL genes ranged the detected agent within the Anaplasma clade. This is the first reported detection of A. platys in ticks in Africa. This finding raises the question of the possible involvement of R. sanguineus in A. platys infection of dogs.
Efficient Cre-lox linearisation of BACs: applications to physical mapping and generation of transgenic animals (1997)

Due to the size of BAC, PAC and P1 clones, it is often difficult to construct detailed restriction maps, with large number of restriction fragments leading to ambiguity of mapping data. We report the use of Cre recombinase to linearise and asymmetrically introduce label at the unique loxP site of large loxP-containing clones. Subsequent partial digestion allows the direct ordering of restriction fragments. Additionally, BAC DNA linearised using the Cre-lox system has been used successfully to generate transgenic animals.
Metabolic Abnormalities Detected in a Survey of Mentally Backward Individuals in Northern Ireland (1962)

<b>OBJECTIVE:</b> To determine concordance rate between functional MRI (fMRI) and Wada test for language lateralization in our cohort of patients with medically intractable epilepsy. <b>BACKGROUND:</b> Preoperative fMRI is a non-invasive test that has been used increasingly in the epilepsy surgery centers to lateralize language. However, concordance rate between fMRI and Wada test has been variable in different studies. We report our local experience. <b>DESIGN/METHODS:</b> Patients with intractable focal epilepsy were studied for language lateralization using fMRI and Wada testing between 2007 and 2014. Three language paradigm tasks were used for fMRI studies: verb generation, sentence completion and naming. fMRI laterality indices were defined as a ratio (L-R)/(L+R) between the number of activated voxels in the left and right ROIs for Brodmann areas 44+45+46+8+9 (Anterior Language Area, ALA) and 22+39+40 (Posterior Language Area, PLA). fMRI and Wada results were divided into the right, left or bilateral hemispheric language dominance. <b>RESULTS:</b> 28 patients (15 men) were studied. Mean age at seizure onset was 19.3±14.57 years, and the mean age at fMRI was 34.8±12.48 years. 17 patients had left temporal epilepsy (TLE), 6 right TLE, 3 bilateral TLE, 1 left frontal and 1 multifocal epilepsy. The concordance rate between Wada and fMRI tests for the ALA and PLA was 68.2[percnt] and 52.2[percnt] for sentence completion; 56[percnt] and 52[percnt] for verb generation and 25[percnt] and 35[percnt] for naming paradigm, respectively. The concordance rate did not improve by combining the activation results of the 3 fMRI paradigms. Bilateral representation in Wada test or fMRI accounted for 68[percnt] of the discordant cases. <b>CONCLUSIONS:</b><b>S</b>entence completion and verb generation fMRI paradigms showed greater concordance with Wada test than naming paradigm. The higher discordance between the Wada test and fMRI was related to bilateral results suggestive of less stringent thresholds used for either test. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Massot-Tarrus has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mousavi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bihari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hayman-Abello has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hayman-Abello has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mirsattari has nothing to disclose.
RosettaBackrub--a web server for flexible backbone protein structure modeling and design (2010)

The RosettaBackrub server (http://kortemmelab.ucsf.edu/backrub) implements the Backrub method, derived from observations of alternative conformations in high-resolution protein crystal structures, for flexible backbone protein modeling. Backrub modeling is applied to three related applications using the Rosetta program for structure prediction and design: (I) modeling of structures of point mutations, (II) generating protein conformational ensembles and designing sequences consistent with these conformations and (III) predicting tolerated sequences at protein-protein interfaces. The three protocols have been validated on experimental data. Starting from a user-provided single input protein structure in PDB format, the server generates near-native conformational ensembles. The predicted conformations and sequences can be used for different applications, such as to guide mutagenesis experiments, for ensemble-docking approaches or to generate sequence libraries for protein design.
An aspartic acid residue at the active site of pepsin. The isolation and sequence of the heptapeptide (1969)

Pepsin reacts stoicheiometrically with the active-site-directed irreversible inhibitor N-diazoacetyl-l-phenylalanine methyl ester, with concomitant loss of all proteolytic and peptidolytic activity. The reagent esterifies a unique aspartic acid residue in pepsin, which is in the sequence:Ile-Val-Asp-Thr-Gly-Thr-Ser
Drag Bit Wear Model (1989)

Summary A performance model for polycrystalline-diamond-compact (PDC) bits was modified to include the wear prediction of individual cutters. Wear predictions are based on the geometry of each cutter, the rock type, the forces acting on the cutter, cutter velocity, and cutter temperature. The results of predicted and actual cutter wear for different 8½-in. [21.6-cm] field-worn PDC bit designs are shown. The worn geometry of each cutter was measured and compared with the model's prediction. Laboratory performance tests were also conducted with similar bit designs to quantify the effect of bit imbalance. Reduced rate of penetration (ROP), drilling an overgauge hole, and increased cutter wear and breakage can result from bit imbalance.
High gradient linac for proton therapy (2017)

Proposed for the first time almost 30 years ago, the research on radio frequency linacs for hadron therapy experienced a sparkling interest in the past decade. The different projects found a common ground on a relatively high rf operating frequency of 3 GHz, taking advantage of the availability of affordable and reliable commercial klystrons at this frequency. This article presents for the first time the design of a proton therapy linac, called TULIP all-linac, from the source up to 230 MeV. In the first part, we will review the rationale of linacs for hadron therapy. We then divided this paper in two main sections: first, we will discuss the rf design of the different accelerating structures that compose TULIP; second, we will present the beam dynamics design of the different linac sections.