gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Induces an Inverse Regulation of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Theca Interna and Granulosa Cells of Equine Preovulatory Follicles* (1999)

The time- and gonadotropin-dependent regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) has not been characterized in vivo in preovulatory follicles of large monoovulatory species or sexually mature animals. The objectives of this study were to clone equine StAR and describe the regulation of its messenger RNA (mRNA) in equine follicles after the administration of an ovulatory dose of hCG. The screening of an equine follicle complementary DNA (cDNA) library with a mouse StAR cDNA probe revealed two forms of equine StAR that differ only in the length of their 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR); a long form of 2918 bp and a short form of 1599 bp. The StAR long form cDNA contains a 5'-UTR of 117 bp, an open reading frame (ORF) of 855 bp, and a 3'-UTR of 1946 bp. Primer extension analysis showed that the cDNA clone lacked the first 10 bp of the primary transcript, giving a total of 127 bp for the complete StAR 5'-UTR. The ORF encodes a 285-amino acid protein that is 86-90% identical to StAR of other species characterized to date. The regulation of StAR mRNA in vivo was studied in equine preovulatory follicles isolated during estrus at 0, 12, 24, 30, 33, 36, and 39 h (n = 4-5 follicles/time point) after an ovulatory dose of hCG. Results from Northern blots showed no significant changes in StAR mRNA levels after hCG treatment when analyses were performed on intact follicle wall (theca interna with attached granulosa cells). However, Northern blots performed on isolated follicle cells revealed an unexpected regulation of StAR mRNA. In granulosa cells, StAR transcripts were undetectable at 0 h but were significantly increased at 30 h post-hCG, and this induction was associated with a rise in follicular fluid concentrations of progesterone (P < 0.05). In contrast, StAR mRNA levels were high in theca interna at 0 h, remained unchanged until 33 h post-hCG, and dropped dramatically thereafter (P < 0.05). Thus, this study describes the primary structure of equine StAR, documents the regulation of StAR mRNA in vivo in preovulatory follicles of a large monoovulatory species, and identifies a novel inverse regulation of StAR transcripts in theca interna and granulosa cells of equine follicles before ovulation.
Acetylsalicylic acid inhibits non‐immunologic contact urticaria (1987)

To investigate the mechanisms of non-immunologic contact urticaria (NICU), the effects of 1g + 1g of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on contact reactions to methyl nicotinate, diethyl fumarate, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, cinnamic aldehyde and dimethyl sulfoxide were studied in 21 test subjects. Erythema and edema reactions were observed visually, and the changes in the skin blood flow were monitored using laser-Doppler flowmetry. ASA had a significant inhibitory effect on erythema from all 6 agents and also on edema from all substances except dimethyl sulfoxide. The mechanism of the effect may be a result of the inhibitory influence of ASA on prostaglandin bioformation. Thus, to avoid false negative test results, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should not be used during NICU tests.
Impact of bit performance on geothermal-well cost (1981)

The Impacts of technological improvements in drill bits on geothermal well costs are evaluated using a compilation of well costs associated with conventional drilling technology. The compilation centers around well models that have been con-structed for the major U.S. geothermal areas. Parametric analyses showing the relative importance of the bit performance parameters in well cost re-duction and the results of analyses of specific new bit technologies are presented. These results have been used to evaluate the benefits of new technolo-gies and to direct their development.
The Unique Role of Fluorine in the Design of Active Ingredients for Modern Crop Protection (2004)

The task of inventing and developing active ingredients with useful biological activities requires a search for novel chemical substructures. This process may trigger the discovery of whole classes of chemicals of potential commercial interest. Similar biological effects can often be achieved by completely different compounds. However, compounds within a given structural family may exhibit quite different biological activities depending on their interactions with different intracellular proteins like enzymes or receptors. By varying the functional groups and structural elements of a lead compound, its interaction with the active site of the target protein, as well as its physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and dynamic properties can be improved. In this context, the introduction of fluorine into active ingredients has become an important concept in the quest for a modern crop protection product with optimal efficacy, environmental safety, user friendliness, and economic viability. Fluorinated organic compounds represent an important and growing family of commercial agrochemicals. A number of recently developed agrochemical candidates represent novel classes of chemical compounds with new modes of action; several of these compounds contain new fluorinated substituents. However, the complex structure-activity relationships associated with biologically active molecules mean that the introduction of fluorine can lead to either an increase or a decrease in the efficacy of a compound depending on its changed mode of action, physicochemical properties, target interaction, or metabolic susceptibility and transformation. Therefore, it is still difficult to predict the sites in a molecule at which fluorine substitution will result in optimal desired effects.
Interactions between traditional Chinese medicines and Western therapeutics. (2010)

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a holistic approach to health that attempts to bring the body, mind and spirit into harmony. TCM is an essential part of the healthcare system in several Asian countries, and is considered a complementary or alternative medical system in most Western countries. An integration of the traditional Chinese and Western systems of medicine has begun in multiple medical centers internationally, and there is increasing evidence that several herbs and combinations of herbs used in TCM impart important pharmacological effects. The number of databases and compilations of herbs, herbal formulations, phytochemical constituents and molecular targets is increasing, primarily because of the widespread use of TCM in combination with Western drugs. The continued popularity of herbal remedies worldwide suggests that evidence-based research in this field, as well as information regarding the potential efficacy and safety of phytochemical constituents in herbs and TCM formulations, are essential, particularly when TCM is used in combination with other drugs. Herb-drug interactions are similar to drug-drug interactions in terms of their effects on ADME properties. Improvements in the knowledge of the molecular targets and metabolic pathways, as well as of the synergistic and inhibitory effects associated with important phytochemicals from herbs and herbal formulations, will lead to the development of rational approaches for the safe combination of healthcare systems from different cultures.
FGF23 acts directly on renal proximal tubules to induce phosphaturia through activation of the ERK1/2–SGK1 signaling pathway (2012)

Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived endocrine regulator of phosphate homeostasis which inhibits renal tubular phosphate reabsorption. Binding of circulating FGF23 to FGF receptors in the cell membrane requires the concurrent presence of the co-receptor αKlotho. It is still controversial whether αKlotho is expressed in the kidney proximal tubule, the principal site of phosphate reabsorption. Hence, it has remained an enigma as to how FGF23 downregulates renal phosphate reabsorption. Here, we show that renal proximal tubular cells do express the co-receptor αKlotho together with cognate FGF receptors, and that FGF23 directly downregulates membrane expression of the sodium-phosphate cotransporter NaPi-2a by serine phosphorylation of the scaffolding protein Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor (NHERF)-1 through ERK1/2 and serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 signaling.
Exploring the Oxidative Cyclization of Substituted N‐Aryl Enamines: Pd‐Catalyzed Formation of Indoles from Anilines (2011)

The direct Pd-catalyzed oxidative coupling of two C-H-bonds within N-aryl-enamines 1 allows the efficient formation of differently substituted indoles 2. In this cross-dehydrogenative coupling, many different functional groups are tolerated and the starting material N-aryl-enamines 1 can be easily prepared in one step from commercially available anilines. In addition, the whole sequence can also be run in a one-pot fashion. Optimization data, mechanistic insight, substrate scope, and applications are reported in this full paper.
Inhibition of De Novo Ceramide Synthesis Reverses Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance and Enhances Whole-Body Oxygen Consumption (2010)

Our results demonstrate that the intramyocellular accumulation of ceramide correlates strongly with the development of insulin resistance, and suggests that inhibition of SPT1 is a potentially promising target for the treatment of insulin resistance.
Triboelectricity in Capacitive Biopotential Measurements (2010)

Capacitive biopotential measurements suffer from strong motion artifacts, which may result in long time periods during which a reliable measurement is not possible. This study examines contact electrification and triboelectricity as possible reasons for these artifacts and discusses local triboelectric effects on the electrode-body interface as well as global electrostatic effects as common-mode interferences. It will be shown that most probably the triboelectric effects on the electrode-body interface are the main reason for artifacts, and a reduction of artifacts can only be achieved with a proper design of the electrode-body interface. For a deeper understanding of the observed effects, a mathematical model for triboelectric effects in highly isolated capacitive biopotential measurements is presented and verified with experiments. Based on these analyses of the triboelectric effects on the electrode-body interface, different electrode designs are developed and analyzed in order to minimize artifacts due to triboelectricity on the electrode-body interface.
The Triterpenoid CDDO-Me Delays Murine Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease with the Preservation of Graft-versus-Tumor Effects after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (2010)

The occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and tumor relapse represent the two major obstacles impeding the efficacy of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in cancer. We have previously shown that the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) can inhibit murine early aGVHD, but antitumor effects were not assessed. In the current study, we found that a new derivative of CDDO, CDDO-Me, had an increased ability to inhibit allogeneic T cell responses and induce cell death of alloreactive T cells in vitro. Administration of CDDO-Me to mice following allogeneic BMT resulted in significant and increased protection from lethal aGVHD compared to CDDO. This correlated with reduced TNF-alpha production, reduced donor T cell proliferation, and decreased adhesion molecule (alpha(4)beta(7) integrin) expression on the donor T cells. CDDO-Me was also superior to CDDO in inhibiting leukemia growth in vitro. When CDDO-Me was administered following an allogeneic BMT to leukemia-bearing mice, significant increases in survival were observed. These findings suggest that CDDO-Me is superior to CDDO in delaying aGVHD, while preserving or possibly even augmenting GVT effects.
C-Reactive Protein as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2009)

Strong evidence indicates that CRP is associated with CHD events. Moderate, consistent evidence suggests that adding CRP to risk prediction models among initially intermediate-risk persons improves risk stratification. However, sufficient evidence that reducing CRP levels prevents CHD events is lacking.
Whiteboards: a graphical database tool (1986)

The “Whiteboards” system is intended to be an electronic equivalent of the whiteboards and corkboards that we have in our offices. A Whiteboard database has similar qualities of storing disparate collections of data and saving their spatial location in a window to help with organization. A Whiteboard database can contain references to arbitrary entities: text files, notes, programs, tools, pictures, etc. Whiteboards runs as an application in the Cedar programming environment developed at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.
Scan chain diagnosis using IDDQ current measurement (2003)

For functional failure analysis, use of the scan design for effective testing of sequential circuits is very popular and can be considered the norm for the LSI industry. However, in order to take advantage of the features offered by scan designs, it is imperative that the scan chain is operating properly. In this paper, I will introduce a new technique for the efficient diagnosis of the scan chain. The basis for this paper is that if a failure occurs in the scan chain, irregular IDDQ current flow will occur and identify the defective chain. Moreover, the actual location of the failure inside the chain can also be ascertained. Then, with result of exemplification, I shall prove the effectiveness of this method.
PMU measurements as basis of system WAMS in Czech Transmission Power System analysis, parameters calculations and state estimations (2010)

The digital protections SEL are equipped by synchronization units GPS in the selected and suitable substations of Czech Transmission System CEPS. These complex units realized the measurement of synchrophasors PMU (Phasor Measurements Unit). This paper is aimed to analyse of synchrophasors and also to calculation of parameters of 400 kV line, V430 — „HRD-CHR“, which is measured on both ends. The data filtration and analyse is perform on commercial available SW toolboxes of MATLAB, e.g., Spectral Analysis is perform on Signal Processing Toolbox. The equations for calculation of lines parameters (impedance Z, admittance Y, lines temperature T) are perform directly on MATLAB. The next development steps are procedures of protections, local automatons, etc. The theory and algorithms are take from available technical documents of company SEL. The presented results are basis for contractual documents and building up the (inter)national WAMS (Wide Area Monitoring System) and/or WAPS (Wide Area Protection System).
Comparative efficacy of Bacillus anthracis live spore vaccine and protective antigen vaccine against anthrax in the guinea pig (1986)

Several strains of Bacillus anthracis have been reported previously to cause fatal infection in immunized guinea pigs. In this study, guinea pigs were immunized with either a protective antigen vaccine or a live Sterne strain spore vaccine, then challenged with virulent B. anthracis strains isolated from various host species from the United States and foreign sources. Confirmation of previously reported studies (which used only protective antigen vaccines) was made with the identification of 9 of the 27 challenge isolates as being vaccine resistant. However, guinea pigs immunized with the live Sterne strain spore vaccine were fully protected against these nine isolates. In experiments designed to determine the basis of vaccine resistance, guinea pigs which were immunized with individual toxin components and which demonstrated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titers comparable to those induced by Sterne strain vaccine were not protected when challenged with a vaccine-resistant isolate. We concluded that antibodies to toxin components may not be sufficient to provide protection against all strains of B. anthracis and that other antigens may play a role in active immunity. As a practical matter, it follows that the efficacy of anthrax vaccines must be tested by using vaccine-resistant isolates if protection against all possible challenge strains is to be assured.
Reaction to Injectable Collagen (1987)

Since its commercial release, Zyderm collagen implant has been used to treat more than 200,000 subjects in the United States for soft-tissue contour defects and more than 250,000 patients internationally (including the United States). Approximately 3 percent of subjects' skin tested with Zyderm collagen experience localized hypersensitivity reactions to collagen, whereas approximately 1 percent of treated patients demonstrate symptoms of hypersensitivity at treatment sites. Of the latter treatment responses reported since the conclusion of clinical trials with Zyderm, 56 percent occurred following the first treatment, 28 percent following the second, 10 percent following the third, and 6 percent following subsequent exposures. The data indicate that most patients receive a median of three treatments (mean = 4.4) with Zyderm collagen, but most patients who are likely to develop sensitivity to Zyderm collagen appear to respond immunologically to the test implant or first treatment exposure. Examining these treatment responses, 45 percent of the patients reported an onset of symptoms within 10 days and 22 percent at more than 30 days following the last treatment with Zyderm collagen. Erythema was the sole symptom in 24 percent of cases, whereas erythema plus induration comprised an additional 42 percent. Antibodies against Zyderm collagen were detected in the sera of 88 percent of these subjects using an ELISA, but no reactivity was observed against human collagen. Sera from patients reporting only systemic symptoms were not found to have anticollagen antibodies. These data suggest that the relative risk of a hypersensitivity reaction to Zyderm collagen does not increase with multiple exposures, since patients who are going to develop an immune response to bovine collagen react with greatest frequency to initial injections of collagen. In animal models, Zyderm collagen was shown to be less immunogenic than other medical devices which are composed of bovine collagen. Specifically, comparative studies were conducted in which Zyderm collagen and hemostatic agents were implanted in the guinea pig subcutaneum: sera from animals treated with collagen-derived hemostatic devices possessed significant levels of anti-implant antibodies (titers greater than 640), whereas animals treated with Zyderm collagen mounted minimal responses (titers less than 40). Additional studies were conducted in which implant materials were compared in a guinea pig parietal (bony defect) model and in a rabbit hemostasis model: in both, Zyderm collagen demonstrated lower immunogenicity than commercial bovine collagen hemostatic agents. Histologic results from these studies showed Zyderm
The effect of probiotics on immune regulation, acne, and photoaging (2015)

Probiotics are live micro-organisms that provide a health benefit to the host. The role of probiotics in the management of disease, as well as immune modification, has recently experienced a renewed interest in society, as probiotics can be found in products ranging from yogurt to facial creams. In this article, we discuss the role of probiotics in the development of the immune system, the treatment of acne and rosacea, and protection against aging and photodamage.
New Bases of Electrocardiography (1956)

This English edition of a textbook on electrocardiography that has already had three Spanish editions is most welcome. The book is written primarily for students and incorporates within it the many years of teaching experience that the author has had at the National Institute of Cardiology of Mexico. For instance, one will find in this book the clearest explanation of the electrical position of the heart given anywhere. Although the author follows the lead of his teacher, the late Dr. Frank Wilson, he has also included results of his own research, particularly in reference to the correlation of electrocardiographic, clinical, and pathological data. The first chapters follow the conventional pattern of describing the electrophysiological basis for electrocardiography. Subsequent chapters are more concerned with the direct application of these principles than with the long detailed descriptions of clinical electrocardiography commonly found in most textbooks. Vectorcardiography, the ventricular gradient, and intracavitary potential
Human NUF2 Interacts with Centromere-associated Protein E and Is Essential for a Stable Spindle Microtubule-Kinetochore Attachment (2007)

Chromosome segregation in mitosis is orchestrated by dynamic interaction between spindle microtubules and the kinetochore, a multiprotein complex assembled onto centromeric DNA of the chromosome. Here, we show that Homo sapiens (Hs) NUF2 is required for stable kinetochore localization of centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E) in HeLa cells. HsNUF2 specifies the kinetochore association of CENP-E by interacting with its C-terminal domain. The region of HsNUF2 binding to CENP-E was mapped to its C-terminal domain by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and yeast two-hybrid assays. Suppression of synthesis of HsNUF2 by small interfering RNA abrogated the localization of CENP-E to the kinetochore, demonstrating the requirement of HsNUF2 for CENP-E kinetochore localization. In addition, depletion of HsNUF2 caused aberrant chromosome segregation. These HsNUF2-suppressed cells displayed reduced tension at kinetochores of bi-orientated chromosomes. Double knockdown of CENP-E and HsNUF2 further abolished the tension at the kinetochores. Our results indicate that HsNUF2 and CENP-E are required for organization of stable microtubule-kinetochore attachment that is essential for faithful chromosome segregation in mitosis.