gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The contribution of pain, reported sleep quality, and depressive symptoms to fatigue in fibromyalgia (2002)

The major objective of this research was to evaluate the predictors of fatigue in patients with fibromyalgia (FM), using cross-sectional and daily assessment methodologies. In the cross-sectional phase of the research involving a sample of 105 FM patients, greater depression and lower sleep quality were concurrently associated with higher fatigue. While pain was correlated with fatigue, it did not independently contribute to fatigue in the regression equation. For a subset of patients from the cross-sectional sample (n=63) who participated in a week of prospective daily assessment of their pain, sleep quality, and fatigue, multiple regression analysis of aggregated (averaged) daily scores revealed that previous day's pain and sleep quality predicted next day's fatigue. Depression from the cross-sectional phase was not related to aggregated daily fatigue scores. A path analytic framework was tested with disaggregated (removing between subjects variability) data in which pain was predicted to contribute to lower sleep quality which, in turn, was predicted to lead to greater fatigue. The results revealed that poor sleep quality fully accounted for the positive relationship between pain and fatigue, thus substantiating the mediational role of sleep quality. The findings are indicative of a dysfunctional, cyclical pattern of heightened pain and non-restful sleep underlying the experience of fatigue in FM.
The formation of ice between hydrotalcite particles measured by thermoporometry (1996)

Abstract Thermoporometry (TPM) was applied to hydrotalcite precipitates prepared with carbonate, bicarboxylic acids and chloride. It was used to measure the formation of an ice body between the hydrotalcite particles. Before TPM could be applied, the dried hydrotalcite precipitate had to be soaked for two weeks in water. The mean value of a factor F measured by TPM, which described the shape of the ice body in hydrotalcite, was 1.7. This value was between those of a purely cylindrical ( F = 2) and a purely spherical ice body ( F = 1), indicating the formation of ice lenses. From the radius of the ice body, R n , ice volume, V n and shape factor F , the corresponding specific surface area of the hydrotalcite particles could be assessed. The TPM indicated that the distance between the separate hydrotalcite crystals in water, which is equal to 2( R n +0.9) nm, was a function of the type of anion incorporated at the interlayer, such as chloride and bicarboxylic acid. The pore volume and surface area of the hydrotalcite particles measured by TPM were compared with those determined by the traditional nitrogen sorption technique on dried hydrotalcite. It appeared that sorption of N 2 yielded much lower values than TPM. This difference was interpreted as being due to slow penetration of N 2 through the dried hydrotalcite samples to the interparticle voids.
Characterization of Pd nanoparticle dispersed over porous silicon as a hydrogen sensor (2007)

Porous silicon samples were obtained by the electrochemical method and were impregnated with Pd by the electroless process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy illustrated that the surface of the samples is oxidized during the palladium deposition. Scanning electron microscopy showed how factors such as morphology and pre-oxidations of porous samples and the plating parameters including Pd-salt concentration, HCl concentration, temperature of the electroless solution and the time of process affect the growth and nucleation of Pd particles. Observations demonstrated that the illumination-assisted process on p-type samples has a drastic effect on the growth of palladium. Hydrogen sensing of these samples, which works on the basis of change in the Schottky barrier between the silicon and the palladium interface, was tested. Variations of the electrical resistance in the presence of diluted hydrogen at room temperature revealed that the best samples can sense hydrogen at levels down to several thousand ppm. This value is far below the flammability limit of hydrogen gas. In addition, the best samples have a very good selectivity to hydrogen.
A contactless electrical energy transmission system for portable-telephone battery chargers (2003)

A high-performance contactless electrical energy transmission (CEET) technique which employs the inductive energy transmission principle is described. The proposed technique enables the implementation of high-efficiency high-power-density fully regulated CEET systems suitable for applications with a wide input and load range. A high efficiency of the system is achieved by recovering the energy stored in the leakage inductances of the transformer by incorporating them in the operation of the circuit, and by employing high-frequency-inverter and controlled-rectifier topologies that allow a controlled bidirectional power flow through the transformer. In addition, a feedforward variable-switching-frequency control of the inverter is used to maintain approximately constant power transfer through the transformer with the input voltage changes, whereas the output-side rectifier employs a local pulsewidth-modulation control to achieve a tight regulation of the output in the presence of load variations. Specifically, the described CEET system is suitable for use in universal-input battery chargers.
Purification and Characterization of Intracellular Aminopeptidase from Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 948 (1995)

a Michaelis-Menton constant of.3 mM
Human MD-2 confers on mouse Toll-like receptor 4 species-specific lipopolysaccharide recognition (2001)

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MD-2 is associated with TLR4 and imparts LPS responsiveness to it. Little is known, however, as to whether MD-2 directly regulates LPS recognition by TLR4. To address the issue, we took advantage of a species-specific pharmacology of lipid IVa, an analogue of lipid A. Lipid IVa acted agonistically on mouse (m) TLR4/MD-2 but not on human (h) TLR4/MD-2. Lipid IVa antagonized the agonistic effect of lipid A on hTLR4/MD-2. We examined the chimeric complex consisting of mTLR4 and hMD-2 to ask whether species specificity is conferred by TLR4 or MD-2. hMD-2 was clearly distinct from mMD-2 in the way of influencing LPS recognition by mTLR4. hMD-2 conferred on mTLR4 responsiveness to lipid A but not to lipid IVa. Moreover, lipid IVa acted as a lipid A antagonist on mTLR4 that is associated with hMD-2. Collectively, MD-2 directly influences the fine specificity of TLR4.
New Developments in Nitrosovasodilator Therapy (1997)

Under basal conditions, nitric oxide (NO) modulates vascular tone, serves as an antithrombotic agent, and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. NO deficiency has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several vascular disorders, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis, and provides a plausible biologic basis for the use of NO replacement therapy in these conditions. Treatment with conventional nitrate preparations is limited by a short therapeutic half-life, systemic absorption with potentially adverse hemodynamic effects, and drug tolerance. To overcome these limitations, novel delivery systems and novel NO donors have been developed that offer selective effects, a prolonged half-life, and a reduced incidence of tolerance.
Over-expression of endoglin (CD105): a marker of breast carcinoma-induced neo-vascularization. (1998)

The commencement of the complex process of carcinogenesis, and subsequent, rapid tumor growth and progression of mammalian neoplasms, including breast carcinomas (BCs), depends upon the continuous de novo formation of capillaries [i.e. neovascularization (NV)/neoplasm-related angiogenesis (NRA)]. The generation of a malignant, invasive cellular immunophenotype (CIP) and distant metastases, as aspects of tumor progression, are also NRA-dependent processes. Endothelial cells undergo rapid proliferation during mammary carcinoma-related angiogenesis. Human endoglin (CD105/EDG), is a homodimeric cell surface component of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type I receptor complex and is also a proliferation-associated antigen (PM) expressed at high density on endothelial cells. Formalin fixed, paraffin-wax embedded, tissue sections (3-5 microns thick) of 15 BCs were employed for the assessment of EDG expression. An indirect, four-step, alkaline phosphatase (AP) (or diamino-benzidine [DAB]) conjugated, biotin-streptavidin based, antigen detection technique, employing the SN6h anti-EDG monoclonal antibody was conducted. Zymed's Histogold System was also utilized for immunocytological antigen detection. Strong expression (A; ++ + to ++ ++) of EDG on endothelial cells was demonstrated in all 15 BC cases. The most striking feature of the newly formed neoplasm-related capillaries was the presence of an enlarged perivascular space. Blood vessels in several normal human tissues (cortex, cerebellum, thymus, tonsil, spleen, lymph node, skin) used as control tissues contained significantly lower levels of EDG (B and mostly C; +/- to +), in accordance with the extremely slow turnover rate of normal endothelial cells. Furthermore, a close apposition between the capillaries and the adjacent parenchyma was observed in these normal controls. BCs, as most mammalian neoplasms, are characterized by extensive neovascularization and thus are candidates for anti-angiogenic therapy. Further studies should substantiate the importance of EDG expression in the earliest possible detection, diagnosis and NRA inhibition-based treatment of solid tumors, including BCs.
Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkylated 1-Thiahexa(ethylene oxide) Compounds on Gold (1998)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of a series of novel linear thiols containing a 1-thiahexa(ethylene oxide) (THEO) moiety, i.e., HS(CH2CH2O)6R, where R = C10H21, C10D21, C18H37, and C18D37, were prepared on polycrystalline gold (Au) and characterized by reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), spectroscopic ellipsometry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and contact angle measurements. The SAMs are hydrophobic with contact angles, θa (H2O), of 108°−109° for all surfaces. For all compounds, our data provide evidence for well-ordered monolayers in which the THEO moiety is arranged in a 7/2 helix oriented normal to the substrate. The alkyl group conformation and tilt are similar to the corresponding n-alkanethiol SAMs.
Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Therapy (2015)

Immunologic checkpoint blockade with antibodies that target cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed cell death protein 1 pathway (PD-1/PD-L1) have demonstrated promise in a variety of malignancies. Ipilimumab (CTLA-4) and pembrolizumab (PD-1) are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced melanoma, and additional regulatory approvals are expected across the oncologic spectrum for a variety of other agents that target these pathways. Treatment with both CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is associated with a unique pattern of adverse events called immune-related adverse events, and occasionally, unusual kinetics of tumor response are seen. Combination approaches involving CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade are being investigated to determine whether they enhance the efficacy of either approach alone. Principles learned during the development of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 approaches will likely be used as new immunologic checkpoint blocking antibodies begin clinical investigation.
Polypeptide factors regulating osteogenesis and bone marrow repair (1994)

Osteogenic growth polypeptides regulate bone cell function in vitro and may act in vivo in an autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manner. Several of these polypeptides are present in the blood in an inactive form. During postablation bone marrow regeneration these factors may be activated, released from the blood clot, and together with locally produced polypeptides mediate the initial intramedullary/systemic osteogenic phase of this process. Then, the same and/or other polypeptides expressed by stromal cells have the potential to promote the second phase of regeneration that consists of osteoclastogenesis, resorption of the transient intramedullary bone, and hemopoiesis. This may be an indirect influence since these polypeptides can regulate the stromal cell expression of some of the hemopoietic factors. Clinically, the osteogenic growth polypeptides that regulate osteogenesis and hemopoiesis have a potential role in osteoporosis therapy, implant bone surgery, and bone marrow transplantation.
SHORT-RANGE INTERCITY TRAFFIC FORECASTING USING ECONOMETRIC TECHNIQUES (1996)

The Oklahoma Turnpike Authority (OTA) commissioned a study of econometric modeling techniques that might be employed in short-range traffic forecasting. The OTA uses short-range traffic forecasts for personnel and maintenance scheduling and to comply with bond covenants requiring annual revenue forecasts. This article describes the study, highlighting the methodology, the autoregressive integrated moving average and regression models, and the results. The advantages and disadvantages of each model are presented.
Regulated expression of telomerase activity in human T lymphocyte development and activation. (1996)

Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein that is capable of synthesizing telomeric repeats, is expressed in germline and malignant cells, and is absent in most normal human somatic cells. The selective expression of telomerase has thus been proposed to be a basis for the immortality of the germline and of malignant cells. In the present study, telomerase activity was analyzed in normal human T lymphocytes. It was found that telomerase is expressed at a high level in thymocyte subpopulations, at an intermediate level in tonsil T lymphocytes, and at a low to undetectable level in peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Moreover, telomerase activity is highly inducible in peripheral T lymphocytes by activation through CD3 with or without CD28 costimulation, or by stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin. The induction of telomerase by anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 (anti-CD3/CD28) stimulation required RNA and protein synthesis, and was blocked by herbimycin A, an inhibitor of S pi protein tyrosine kinases. The immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A selectively inhibited telomerase induction by PMA/ionomycin and by anti-CD3, but not by anti-CD3/CD28. Although telomerase activity in peripheral T lymphocytes was activation dependent and correlated with cell proliferation, it was not cell cycle phase restricted. These results indicate that the expression of telomerase in normal human T lymphocytes is both developmentally regulated and activation induced. Telomerase may thus play a permissive role in T cell development and in determining the capacity of lymphoid cells for cell division and clonal expansion.
Effects of Short Term Administration of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone to Elderly People* (1990)

We evaluated the effects of recombinant human GH (rhGH) in 16 men and women more than 60 yr of age. After 10 days of dietary equilibration and control collections, subjects were randomly assigned to receive 0.03, 0.06, or 0.12 mg/kg rhGH by daily injection for 7 days. A brisk rise in circulating somatomedin-C (insulin-like growth factor-I) occurred in all subjects, and this rise was dose dependent. rhGH produced striking changes in nitrogen retention, sodium excretion, and the parathyroid-vitamin D axis. Twenty-four-hour urinary nitrogen excretion decreased from 8.00 +/- 0.33 to 5.01 +/- 0.33 g (P less than 0.001), and sodium excretion decreased from 45.9 +/- 2.96 to 21.2 +/- 3.48 mmol/day (P less than 0.001). Serum calcium concentrations did not change, but serum inorganic phosphorus levels of 1.08 +/- 0.04 mmol/L at baseline increased significantly after rhGH treatment to 1.33 +/- 0.04 mmol/L (P less than 0.001). Increases were also observed in circulating PTH (53.2 +/- 6 vs. 39.5 +/- 4.2 ng/L; P less than 0.01) and calcitriol (82.8 vs. 65.8 pmol/L; P less than 0.05). A rise in serum osteocalcin (10.3 +/- .86 vs. 8.0 +/- 0.5 micrograms/L; P less than 0.05) was accompanied by increased urinary excretion of hydroxyproline (628 +/- 63 vs. 406 +/- 44 mumol/day; P less than 0.01). Despite the reduction in sodium excretion, marked increases were observed in urinary calcium (6.04 +/- 0.97 vs. 3.27 +/- 0.40 mmol/day; P less than 0.01). rhGH significantly impaired oral glucose tolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity, but was otherwise well tolerated and produced no systematic changes in weight or blood pressure. The results of this study indicate that rhGH requires further study as a potential agent for attenuating or reversing the loss of muscle and bone in elderly people.
Highly Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes Using in Situ Generated Diazonium Compounds (2001)

The thermal reaction of single-wall carbon nanotubes with in situ generated aryl diazonium compounds is described and is compared to a previously reported, electrochemically induced reaction with preformed aryl diazonium salts.
An open-labelled clinical and electrophysiological study of 3,4 diaminopyridine in the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis (1998)

We studied the electrophysiological parameters of motor performance in eight patients with multiple sclerosis and troublesome fatigue, before and after treatment with 3,4-diaminopyridine. Symptomatic fatigue was evaluated by the Krupp Fatigue Severity Score and motor performance of adductor pollicis by transcranial magnetic stimulation, rapid voluntary movements and a fatiguing exercise test of a sustained 45-s isometric contraction. The motor tests revealed baseline abnormal motor function and substantial central fatigue. After a 3-week course of 3,4-diaminopyridine (25-60 mg/day), six out of the eight patients reported substantial improvement in fatigue and the group showed slightly less fatigue on the exercise test. Other electrophysiological tests of motor function were unchanged. The findings suggest that 3,4-diaminopyridine may play a role in the symptomatic treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanism behind such a benefit in fatigue remains unclear and the discrepancy between subjective and more objective responses underlines the probable multifactorial nature of the pathogenesis of this symptom in multiple sclerosis.
A new system for computer assisted neurosurgery (2003)

A system that combines computer-assisted planning of a stereotactic neurosurgical operation with the use of a computer controlled positioning arm, in order to introduce a tool into the brain, is described. The system is based on a robot controlled by a pair of X-ray images. Some of the methodological problems raised by this technique are presented. The extension of the system to 3-D multimodality images and the problems encountered are briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Immunohistochemical investigation of the brain of aged dogs. I. Detection of neurofibrillary tangles and of 4-hydroxynonenal protein, an oxidative damage product, in senile plaques (2001)

In the aging dog brain lesions develop spontaneously. They share some morphological characteristics with those of Alzheimer 's disease in man. Diffuse and primitive plaques are well known, whereas neuritic plaques rarely develop. Neurofibrillary tangles have not been seen in the canine. The aim of the present investigation was to study major age-related changes of the dog's brain using paraffin sections with respect to cross-immunoreactivity of tau, A beta protein and other immunoreactive components including hydroxynonenal protein, which is a marker for oxidative damage. The occurrence of neurofibrillary tangles and of the protein tau therein was studied in serial brain sections of two dogs with the Gallyas stain and by immunohistochemistry with three different antibodies against tau. Senile plaques were stained with a monoclonal anti-A beta (residues 8-17), polyclonal anti-apolipoprotein E and a monoclonal antibody against 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Amyloid deposits and controls were screened by Congo red staining viewed in fluorescent light, followed by polarized light for green birefringence. With the Gallyas stain and one of the antisera against tau, neurofibrillary tangles were revealed in a similar dispersed pattern, whereas the other antitau antisera gave negative results. With the anti-HNE a positive reaction was found in cerebral amyloid deposits and in vascular wall areas where amyloid deposition was confirmed by Congo-red staining, and in perivascular cells and in some neurons. These results indicate that the canine with his tangles and plaques which show oxidative changes, forms a spontaneous modelfor understanding the early changes and their interrelationships in Alzheimer's disease.
Review of the safety and efficacy of ustekinumab (2010)

Ustekinumab is a subcutaneously and intravenously administered fully human monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgG1) antibody targeting the interleukin (IL)-12/23 shared P40 subunit. The pivotal role of IL-12/23 inflammatory-mediated pathways is increasingly recognized in a plethora of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders including Crohn's disease, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis. In a randomized controlled trial of ustekinumab in moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease, clinical response was achieved most notably in infliximab-experienced primary and secondary nonresponders and suboptimal responders.
Mini‐review: Islet transplantation to create a bioartificial pancreas (1994)

Donor scarcity precludes the use of pancreatic transplantation to treat type I diabetes. Xenogeneic islet transplantation offers the possibility of overcoming this problem; however, it entails the use of immunoisolation devices to prevent immune rejection of the transplanted islets. These devices consist of a semipermeable membrane, which surrounds the islets and isolates them from the host's immune system, while allowing the passage of insulin and essential nutrients, including glucose. Problems associated with proposed device designs include diffusion limitations, biocompatibility, device retrieval in the event of failure, and mechanical integrity. Microencapsulation appears to be the most promising system of immunoisolation, however, the design of a device suitable for human clinical use remains a challenge. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A PROTEASOME INHIBITOR EFFECTIVELY PREVENTS MOUSE HEART ALLOGRAFT REJECTION1 (2001)

The proteasome inhibitor could repress allograft rejection in mice without apparent side-effects at the effective dosages. This finding has opened a new dimension in development of novel immunosuppressants for organ transplantation.