gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rosiglitazone increases dendritic spine density and rescues spine loss caused by apolipoprotein E4 in primary cortical neurons (2008)

Convergent evidence has revealed an association between insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, rosiglitazone, an insulin sensitizer and mitochondrial activator, improves cognition in patients with early or mild-to-moderate AD. Apolipoprotein (apo) E4, a major genetic risk factor for AD, exerts neuropathological effects through multiple pathways, including impairment of dendritic spine structure and mitochondrial function. Here we show that rosiglitazone significantly increased dendritic spine density in a dose-dependent manner in cultured primary cortical rat neurons. This effect was abolished by the PPAR-gamma-specific antagonist, GW9662, suggesting that rosiglitazone exerts this effect by activating the PPAR-gamma pathway. Furthermore, the C-terminal-truncated fragment of apoE4 significantly decreased dendritic spine density. Rosiglitazone rescued this detrimental effect. Thus, rosiglitazone might improve cognition in AD patients by increasing dendritic spine density.
Indoor Localization Using Camera Phones (2006)

There has been a shift in the focus of indoor localization research from improving accuracy to minimizing infrastructure requirements. The reason is well understood: since location information only serves as a parameter to location-based services, the cost of deploying localization systems should be a minute fraction of the total cost of provisioning location-based services. We demonstrate the possibility of determining user's location indoors based on what the camera-phone "sees"
Cloning and Characterization of Two Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor–Like Genes TIL3 and TIL4: Evidence for a Multi-Gene Receptor Family in Humans (1998)

Remarkable structural and functional similarities exist between the Drosophila Toll/Cactus/Dorsal signaling pathway and the mammalian cytokine-mediated interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)/I-kappaB/NF-kappaB activation cascade. In addition to a role regulating dorsal-ventral polarity in the developing Drosophila embryo, signaling through Drosophila Toll (dToll) activates the nonclonal, or innate, immune response in the adult fly. Recent evidence indicates that a human homologue of the dToll protein participates in the regulation of both innate and adaptive human immunity through the activation of NF-kappaB and the expression of the NF-kappaB-controlled genes IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8, thus affirming the evolutionary conservation of this host defense pathway. We report here the cloning of two novel human genes, TIL3 and TIL4 (Toll/IL-1R-like-3, -4) that exhibit homology to both the leucine-rich repeat extracellular domains and the IL-1R-like intracellular domains of human and Drosophila Toll. Northern analysis showed distinctly different tissue distribution patterns with TIL3 expressed predominantly in ovary, peripheral blood leukocytes, and prostate, and TIL4 expressed primarily in peripheral blood leukocytes and spleen. Chromosomal mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization localized the TIL3 gene to chromosome 1q41-42 and TIL4 to chromosome 4q31.3-32. Functional studies showed that both TIL3 and TIL4 are able to activate NF-kappaB, though in a cell type-dependent fashion. Together with human Toll, TIL3 and TIL4 encode a family of genes with conserved structural and functional features involved in immune modulation.
Variable-focus liquid lens for miniature cameras (2004)

The meniscus between two immiscible liquids can be used as an optical lens. A change in curvature of this meniscus by electrowetting leads to a change in focal distance. It is demonstrated that two liquids in a tube form a self-centered lens with a high optical quality. The motion of the lens during a focusing action was studied by observation through the transparent tube wall. Finally, a miniature achromatic camera module was designed and constructed based on this adjustable lens, showing that it is excellently suited for use in portable applications.
Selective Potentiation of Peripheral Chemoreflex Sensitivity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (1999)

OSA is associated with a selective potentiation of autonomic, hemodynamic, and ventilatory responses to peripheral chemoreceptor activation by hypoxia.
A 900-MHz/1.8-GHz CMOS transmitter for dual-band applications (2002)

Configured as a two-step architecture, the circuit generates the first up-converted signal in quadrature phases and subsequently performs single-sideband modulation to produce the output in the two bands. Fabricated in a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, the transmitter draws 70 mW from a 3-V supply.
Cortisol secretion after adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and Dexamethasone tests in healthy female and male dogs (2009)

We have demonstrated that cortisol response to ACTH and Dexamethasone treatment in dogs differs according to sex.
Topically applied S-nitrosothiol-containing hydrogels as experimental and pharmacological nitric oxide donors in human skin (2004)

Topical RSNOs produce a consistent, sustained and biologically effective release of NO on human skin in vivo, which offers advantages over currently available topical NO donors. Dermal nitrite concentration--the oxidation product of NO--is directly correlated with blood flow at low and moderate levels of blood flow. At high levels of blood flow, there is a reduction in dermal nitrite, which is presumed to be due to increased blood scavenging.
CpG DNA rescue of murine B lymphoma cells from anti-IgM-induced growth arrest and programmed cell death is associated with increased expression of c-myc and bcl-xL (1996)

One of the principal mechanisms thought to maintain B cell tolerance to self Ags is deletion of cells bearing functional IgM receptors for self Ag via apoptosis in the bone marrow. Because of its characteristic growth arrest and apoptosis in response to surface IgM cross-linking, the B cell line WEHI-231 has been a useful model system for studies of Ag receptor-mediated apoptosis. Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in oligonucleotides (CpG DNA) can be strong B cell mitogens. In the present study we evaluated whether CpG DNA can rescue WEHI-231 cells from anti-IgM-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The addition of CpG DNA protected WEHI-231 cells from anti-IgM-mediated apoptosis as well as growth arrest. The protective effect of CpG DNA was dependent on the presence of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides. Kinetic analyses showed that the addition of CpG DNA can be delayed for up to 3 h after anti-IgM treatment with no decrease in the protection. CpG DNA reversed anti-IgM-induced down-regulation of c-myc expression in WEHI-231 and up-regulated myn, bcl2, and bcl-xL mRNA expression. Our results suggest that CpG DNA protection of WEHI-231 cells from anti-IgM-induced apoptosis may be mediated by specific and/or cooperative interactions of multiple genes and that CpG DNA could be a useful tool for studies of B cell tolerance.
The PNA–DNA hybrid I-motif: implications for sugar–sugar contacts in i-motif tetramerization (2006)

We have created a hybrid i-motif composed of two DNA and two peptide nucleic acid (PNA) strands from an equimolar mixture of a C-rich DNA and analogous PNA sequence. Nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry confirmed the formation of a tetrameric species, composed of PNA-DNA heteroduplexes. Thermal denaturation and CD experiments revealed that the structure was held together by C-H+-C base pairs. High resolution NMR spectroscopy confirmed that PNA and DNA form a unique complex comprising five C-H+-C base pairs per heteroduplex. The imino protons are protected from D2O exchange suggesting intercalation of the heteroduplexes as seen in DNA4 i-motifs. FRET established the relative DNA and PNA strand polarities in the hybrid. The DNA strands were arranged antiparallel with respect to one another. The same topology was observed for PNA strands. Fluorescence quenching revealed that both PNA-DNA parallel heteroduplexes are intercalated, such that both DNA strands occupy one of the narrow grooves. H1'-H1' NOEs show that both heteroduplexes are fully intercalated and that both DNA strands are disposed towards a narrow groove, invoking sugar-sugar interactions as seen in DNA4 i-motifs. The hybrid i-motif shows enhanced thermal stability, intermediate pH dependence and forms at relatively low concentrations making it an ideal nanoscale structural element for pH-based molecular switches. It also serves as a good model system to assess the contribution of sugar-sugar contacts in i-motif tetramerization.
Cell Permeant Polyphosphoinositide-binding Peptides That Block Cell Motility and Actin Assembly (2001)

Polyphosphoinositides (PPIs) affect the localization and activities of many cellular constituents, including actin-modulating proteins. Several classes of polypeptide sequences, including pleckstrin homology domains, FYVE domains, and short linear sequences containing predominantly hydrophobic and cationic residues account for phosphoinositide binding by most such proteins. We report that a ten-residue peptide derived from the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) binding region in segment 2 of gelsolin, when coupled to rhodamine B has potent PIP(2) binding activity in vitro; crosses the cell membrane of fibroblasts, platelets, melanoma cells, and neutrophils by a process not involving endocytosis; and blocks cell motility. This peptide derivative transiently disassembles actin filament structures in GFP-actin-expressing NIH3T3 fibroblasts and prevents thrombin- or chemotactic peptide-stimulated actin assembly in platelets and neutrophils, respectively, but does not block the initial [Ca(2+)] increase caused by these agonists. The blockage of actin assembly and motility is transient, and cells recover motility within an hour after their immobilization by 5-20 microm peptide. This class of reagents confirms the critical relation between inositol lipids and cytoskeletal structure and may be useful to probe the location and function of polyphosphoinositides in vivo.
Ca(2+)-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase modulates pulmonary artery endothelial cell cAMP content and barrier function. (1995)

Maintenance by the endothelium of a semi-permeable barrier is critically important in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lung. Intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and cAMP are principal determinants of endothelial cell barrier function through their mutually opposing actions on endothelial retraction. However, details of the mechanisms of this antagonism are lacking. The recent discovery that certain adenylyl cyclases (EC 4.6.1.1) could be acutely inhibited by Ca2+ in the intracellular concentration range provided one possible mechanism whereby elevated [Ca2+]i could decrease cAMP content. This possibility was explored in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. The results indicate that a type VI Ca(2+)-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase exists in pulmonary artery endothelial cells and is modulated by physiological changes in [Ca2+]i. Furthermore, the results suggest the inverse relationship between [Ca2+]i and cAMP that is established by Ca(2+)-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase plays a critical role in modulating pulmonary artery endothelial cell permeability. These data provide evidence that susceptibility to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by Ca2+ can be exploited in modulating a central physiological process.
Optimal One-Wafer Cyclic Scheduling of Single-Arm Multicluster Tools With Two-Space Buffering Modules (2014)

A multi-cluster tool is composed of a number of individual cluster tools linked by buffering modules (BMs). The capacity of a BM can be one or two. Aiming at finding an optimal one-wafer cyclic schedule, this paper explores the effect of two-space BMs on the performance of a multi-cluster tool. A Petri net (PN) model is developed to model it by extending resource-oriented PNs. The dynamic behavior of robot waiting and tasks, process modules, and buffers is well described by the model. This paper shows that there is always a one-wafer cyclic schedule that reaches the lower bound of the cycle time of a process-bound tool. Furthermore, a closed-form algorithm is revealed to find such a schedule for the first time for such multi-cluster tools. Illustrative examples are given to show the application and power of the proposed method.
Liquid Crystal-Reconfigurable Antenna Concepts for Space Applications at Microwave and Millimeter Waves (2009)

Novel approaches of tunable devices for millimeter wave applications based on liquid crystal (LC) are presented. In the first part of the paper, a novel concept of a tunable LC phase shifter realized in Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics technology is shown while the second part of the paper deals with a tunable high-gain antenna based on an LC tunable reflectarray. The reflectarray features continuously beam scanning in between<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>25</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>. Also first investigations on radiation hardness of LCs are carried out, indicating that LCs might be suitable for space applications.
The 2.4 Å Crystal Structure of Cholera Toxin B Subunit Pentamer: Choleragenoid (1995)

Cholera toxin, a heterohexameric AB5 enterotoxin released by Vibrio cholera, induces a profuse secretory diarrhea in susceptible hosts. Choleragenoid, the B subunit pentamer of cholera toxin, directs the enzymatic A subunit to its target by binding the GM1 gangliosides exposed on the luminal surface of intestinal epithelial cells. The crystal structure of choleragenoid has been independently solved and refined at 2.4 A resolution by combining single isomorphous replacement with non-crystallographic symmetry averaging. The structure of the B subunits, and their pentameric arrangement, closely resembles that reported for the intact holotoxin, choleragen, the heat-labile enterotoxin from Escherichia coli, and for a choleragenoid-GM1 pentasaccharide complex. In the absence of the A subunit the central cavity of the B pentamer is a highly solvated channel. The binding of choleragenoid to the A subunit or to its receptor pentasaccharide modestly affects the local stereochemistry without perceptibly altering the subunit interface.
Prognostic value of serum VEGF in melanoma patients: a pilot study. (2005)

Our results suggest that serum VEGF could be of prognostic value in melanoma.
Interleukin-6 is a component of human umbilical cord serum and stimulates hematopoiesis in embryonic stem cells in vitro. (1993)

The murine embryonic stem cell (ESC) in vitro differentiation system was used to study the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the induction of early embryonic hematopoietic development. When cultured in human umbilical cord serum (HUCS), pluripotent ESCs differentiate to embryoid bodies expressing tissue development equivalent to day 7-10 mouse embryos. Pooled HUCS samples were found to contain 10 to 13 pg/mL IL-6. Depletion of IL-6 from HUCS decreased the percentage of differentiated embryoid bodies containing hematopoietic islands, and decreased the number of hematopoietic foci per embryoid body as well. Although pooled samples of HUCS also contained granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), depletion of G-CSF from HUCS had no effect on either the percentage of embryoid bodies containing hematopoietic foci or the number of hematopoietic foci per embryoid body. These data suggest that IL-6 is one important cytokine in the inductive differentiation of pluripotent ESCs toward hematopoiesis in vitro.
Eukaryotic translational control: adeno-associated virus protein synthesis is affected by a mutation in the adenovirus DNA-binding protein. (1981)

Growth of adeno-associated virus (AAV) requires expression of certain adenovirus (Ad) genes in the same cell. AAV particles contain three proteins, VP1 (Mr 85,700), VP2 (Mr 72,000), and VP3 (Mr 61,500). These proteins have overlapping peptide maps. We recently reported that AAV RNAs make up a 3'-coterminal family of overlapping molecules. We report here that the most abundant AAV mRNA, a 2.3-kilobase spliced RNA, codes for all three proteins--VP1, VP2, and VP3--when translated in an in vitro reticulocyte lysate. This shows that the AAV capsid proteins are coded by the genome sequence between map positions 48.0 and 96.0 (1 map unit is 1% of the genome or 47 base pairs). When AAV was grown in human KB cells with the Ad temperature-sensitive mutant Ad5ts125 at the nonpermissive temperature (40 degrees C), the accumulation in vivo of AAV capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 was decreased to less than 1/50th. However, normal amounts of the 2.3-kilobase mRNA were accumulated, and this RNA could be efficiently translated in an in vitro reticulocyte lysate system to yield VP1, VP2, and VP3. These experiments suggest that in infected cells control is exerted upon the AAV 2.3-kilobase mRNA at the translational level and that this control can be influenced by mutations in Ad. These Ad mutations map in the region 2 early gene for the Ad DNA-binding protein. The temperature-sensitive system that we have studied may be useful for analysis of translational control of a eukaryotic mRNA.
Electromagnetic Imaging Methods for Nondestructive Evaluation Applications (2011)

Electromagnetic nondestructive tests are important and widely used within the field of nondestructive evaluation (NDE). The recent advances in sensing technology, hardware and software development dedicated to imaging and image processing, and material sciences have greatly expanded the application fields, sophisticated the systems design and made the potential of electromagnetic NDE imaging seemingly unlimited. This review provides a comprehensive summary of research works on electromagnetic imaging methods for NDE applications, followed by the summary and discussions on future directions.
Prostaglandin E precursor fatty acids inhibit human IL-2 production by a prostaglandin E-independent mechanism (1990)

Essential fatty acids, from which PG derive, can participate in development and regulation of immune responses and have been shown to suppress inflammation and tissue injury in animal models. In this report, we investigate the effects of the immediate (DGLA, precursor to PGE1), arachidonic acid (AA, PGE precursors, dihomogamma linolenic acid (DGLA, precursor to PGE1), arachidonic acid (AA, precursor to PGE2), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, precursor to PGE3) on IL-2 production by PHA-stimulated human PBMC. DGLA and AA inhibited IL-2 production in a dose-dependent manner: half-maximal inhibition was obtained by using the fatty acids at the dose of 10 micrograms/ml without significant effects on cell viability. EPA inhibited IL-2 production by PBMC of only some donors. Incubation of cells in the presence of oleic, stearic, and palmitic acids, which are not PG precursors, did not affect mitogen-induced IL-2 production. A progressive increase in incorporation of DGLA into cellular lipids was observed over a 48-h incubation period. IL-2 production was reduced also when PBMC were pretreated overnight with DGLA or AA and washed before exposure to PHA. Whereas addition of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, at the time of mitogenic stimulation led to increased IL-2 production and prevented mitogen- and fatty acid-induced increases in PGE release, it had no significant effect on the capacity of the fatty acids to suppress IL-2 production. Time course experiments showed that DGLA and AA inhibited IL-2 production even at times of minimal or no PGE release by the treated cultures. Moreover, DGLA and AA inhibited IL-2 production by the human leukemia T cell line Jurkat which, when appropriately induced, is able to release high levels of IL-2 in the absence of accessory cells and measurable PGE production. Taken together, these data indicate that essential fatty acids inhibit IL-2 production directly without conversion into their cyclo-oxygenase pathway products, and suggest that human lymphocyte function may be altered profoundly by small changes in their fatty acid profile.
Inhibition of catabolism of radiolabeled antibodies by tumor cells using lysosomotropic amines and carboxylic ionophores. (1990)

The rates of degradation of radioiodinated monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) by malignant T- and B-lymphoid cells were studied in the presence and absence of a variety of pharmacological agents known to affect the intracellular metabolism of internalized ligands. 125I-MoAbs directed against the CD2, CD3, CD5, and anti-mu surface antigens underwent rapid endocytosis, followed by prompt degradation with release of greater than or equal to 50% of the initially bound radioactivity as free, trichloroacetic acid-soluble 125I within 24 h. Lysosomotropic amines (chloroquine, ammonium chloride, amantadine), carboxylic ionophores (monensin, nigericin), calcium channel blockers (verapamil), thionamides (propylthiouracil), lysosomal enzyme inhibitors (leupeptin), and colchicine all inhibited metabolism of radioiodinated MoAbs and enhanced retention of 125I-MoAbs by tumor cells. The most effective agents (e.g., monensin, nigericin) diminished the release of free 125I by greater than 90% and enhanced retention of radioactivity by greater than 300% at 24 h. Experiments with immunoperoxidase electron microscopy and Percoll gradient fractionation of organelles from disrupted cells suggested that high concentrations of monensin (10-20 microM) delayed transfer of 125I-MoAbs to lysosomes, but other mechanisms (e.g., pH neutralization) were operative at lower concentrations (1-3 microM). Clinical administration of these agents may enhance retention of radioimmunoconjugates by tumor cells, resulting in improved radioimmunoscintigraphy and radioimmunotherapy.
Linear unitary precoders for maximum diversity gains with multiple transmit and receive antennas (2002)

In this paper, we analyze the performance of multiple-transmit/receive antenna systems with linear precoders. From the performance of these systems, we deduce design rules for linear precoders. Following the design rules, we prove the existence and derive linear unitary precoders achieving maximum diversity gain. Compared with existing real precoders, the novel unitary precoders offer the potential of larger coding gains. Simulations illustrate that the unitary precoders can achieve more than 1 dB coding gain over real precoders while they perform comparably to repeated transmissions, that consume larger amounts of bandwidth when two or three transmit antennas are utilized.