gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MeshStereo: A Global Stereo Model with Mesh Alignment Regularization for View Interpolation (2015)

We present a novel global stereo model designed for view interpolation. Unlike existing stereo models which only output a disparity map, our model is able to output a 3D triangular mesh, which can be directly used for view interpolation. To this aim, we partition the input stereo images into 2D triangles with shared vertices. Lifting the 2D triangulation to 3D naturally generates a corresponding mesh. A technical difficulty is to properly split vertices to multiple copies when they appear at depth discontinuous boundaries. To deal with this problem, we formulate our objective as a two-layer MRF, with the upper layer modeling the splitting properties of the vertices and the lower layer optimizing a region-based stereo matching. Experiments on the Middlebury and the Herodion datasets demonstrate that our model is able to synthesize visually coherent new view angles with high PSNR, as well as outputting high quality disparity maps which rank at the first place on the new challenging high resolution Middlebury 3.0 benchmark.
A NEW, HIGHLY EFFICIENT RED-EMITTING CATHODOLUMINESCENT PHOSPHOR (YVO4:Eu) FOR COLOR TELEVISION (1964)

First Page
Is There A Role for Liposomal Bupivacaine as Part of a Multimodal Strategy Inclusive of Intrathecal Morphine for Post-Cesarean Analgesia? A Retrospective Chart Review Study (2020)

The search for the ideal postoperative analgesia is crucial given the current opioid epidemic in the United States. Liposomal bupivacaine for transverse abdominis plane block, inclusive of intrathecal morphine may improve analgesia for more than 24 h. We assessed opioid consumption after cesarean delivery and the time to first narcotic.
Human milk oligosaccharides prevent Necrotizing Enterocolitis in neonatal rats (2010)

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common and often fatal intestinal disorder in preterm infants. Breast‐fed infants are at much lower risk to develop NEC than formula‐fed infants. We hypothesize that Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMO), complex glycans highly abundant in breast milk but not in formula, contribute to the protective effects of breast‐feeding. In an established NEC model neonatal Sprague‐Dawley rats were either left with the dam to serve as breast‐fed control or orally gavaged with formula without and with HMO. All pups were exposed to hypoxia thrice a day, sacrificed on day 4, and their intestines analyzed for macroscopic and microscopic signs of NEC. Histology sections of the terminal ileum were scored blindly from 0 (healthy) to 4 (complete destruction). The average pathology score in breast‐fed pups was 0.15+/−0.34. It was significantly increased to 1.98+/−1.11 in pups receiving formula without HMO (P&lt;0.001). Addition of HMO reduced the pathology score to 0.44+/−0.30, which was significantly lower than in the group receiving formula without HMO (P&lt;0.001) but not different from the breast‐fed control. Galactooligosaccharides (GOS), currently added to most infant formula to mimic HMO, had no effect. We are now identifying individual HMO responsible for the beneficial effects and aim to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. (Supported by NIH K99/R00DK078668 to LB)
Protein structure determination in solution by two-dimensional and three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1990)

Over the last decade, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has evolved into a powerful method for determining structures of biological macromolecules. This has opened a unique opportunity for obtaining high-resolution three-dimensional structures in solution, in contrast to the well-established methods of X-ray diffraction, which are applicable only to solids and in particular single crystals. This rapid development has been spurred by several key advances in the field, especially the introduction of two- and three-dimensional NMR experiments, high field spectrometers (500 and 600 MHz), and computational algorithms for converting NMR derived restraints into three-dimensional structures. This review outlines the methodology employed for solving protein structures in solution, describing the basic NMR experiments necessary as well as introducing the concepts upon which the computational algorithms are founded. A variety of examples is discussed, illustrating the present state of the art, and future possibilities are indicated.
Parthenolide Inhibits IκB Kinase, NF-κB Activation, and Inflammatory Response in Cystic Fibrosis Cells and Mice (2007)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by prolonged and excessive inflammatory responses in the lung and increased activation of NF-kappaB. Parthenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone derived from the plant feverfew, which has been used in folk medicine for anti-inflammatory activity. Several studies suggest that this compound inhibits the NF-kappaB pathway, but the exact site is controversial. We hypothesized that parthenolide might ameliorate the excessive inflammatory response in CF models by inhibiting activation of NF-kappaB. This was tested in vitro, using two pairs of cell lines with defective versus normal CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (antisense/sense transfected 16 HBE and IB-3/S9), and in vivo, using CFTR-knockout (KO) mice. All cell lines were pretreated with parthenolide and then stimulated with IL-1beta and/or TNF. Parthenolide significantly inhibited IL-8 secretion induced by these cytokines and prevented NF-kappaB activation, IkappaBalpha degradation, and IkappaB Kinase complex activity. CFTR-KO and wild-type mice were pretreated with parthenolide or vehicle alone then challenged intratracheally with LPS. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 3, 6, and 8 h later. Parthenolide pretreatment inhibited PMN influx as well as cytokine and chemokine production. This was also associated with inhibition of IkappaBalpha degradation and NF-kappaB activation. We thus conclude that parthenolide inhibits IkappaB kinase, resulting in stabilization of cytoplasmic IkappaBalpha, which in turn leads to inhibition of NF-kappaB translocation and attenuation of subsequent inflammatory responses. IkappaB kinase may be a good target, and parthenolide and/or feverfew might be promising treatments for the excessive inflammation in CF.
New Shade Guide for Evaluation of Tooth Whitening—Colorimetric Study (2007)

A dental shade guide that is colorimetrically uniform might increase the reliability of visual comparisons of tooth whitening efficacy, whereas the inclusion of realistic bleaching shades in the shade guide will complement contemporary esthetic dentistry.
In Vitro Selection of Dopamine RNA Ligands (1997)

RNA aptamers that specifically bind dopamine have been isolated by in vitro selection from a pool of 3.4 x 10(14) different RNA molecules. One aptamer (dopa2), which dominated the selected pool, has been characterized and binds to the dopamine affinity column with a dissociation constant of 2.8 microM. The specificity of binding has been determined by studying binding properties of a number of dopamine-related molecules, showing that the interaction with the RNA might be mediated by the hydroxyl group at position 3 and the proximal aliphatic chain in the dopamine molecule. The binding domain was initially localized by boundary experiments. Further definition of the dopamine binding site was obtained by secondary selection on a pool of sequences derived from a partial randomization of the dopa2 molecule. Sequence comparison of a large panel of selected variants revealed a structural consensus motif among the active aptamers. The dopamine binding pocket is built up by a tertiary interaction between two stem and loop motifs, creating a stable framework in which five invariant nucleotides are precisely arrayed. Minimal active sequence and key nucleotides have been confirmed by the design of small functional aptamers and mutational analysis. Enzymatic probing suggests that the RNA might undergo a conformational change upon ligand binding that stabilizes the proposed tertiary structure.
Fundamental properties of digital images. (1993)

The quality of a digital image is affected by matrix size, unsharpness in the underlying image, bit depth, and noise in the underlying image. The array of all of the pixels into which an image is divided is the image matrix. If the image matrix is small (ie, composed of a few large pixels), the resolution of the digital image is low. Image blur dominates when the pixel size is much smaller than the unsharpness of the underlying image. The density in a pixel is represented by a binary number with a variable number of bits (bit depth). The more noise present in the initial image, the fewer the bits that are needed to convey its representation. Insufficient numbers of bits in the digital representation of an image, whether from too few pixels or too small a bit depth in each pixel, result in inadequate image quality. Use of too many bits, relative to the quality of the underlying image, places an increasingly unwarranted demand on digital image handling and processing.
Identification of Novel Cyclooxygenase-2 Selective Inhibitors Using Pharmacophore Models (2002)

In the present study we have investigated whether pharmacophore models may account for the activity and selectivity of the known cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors of the phenylsulfonyl tricyclic series, i.e., Celecoxib (1) and Rofecoxib (3), and whether transferring this structural information onto the frame of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), known to tightly bind the enzyme active site, may be useful for designing novel COX-2 selective inhibitors. With this aim we have developed a pharmacophore based on the geometric disposition of chemical features in the most favorable conformation of the COX-2 selective inhibitors SC-558 (2; analogue of Celecoxib (1)) and Rofecoxib (3) and the more restrained compounds 4 (DFU) and 5. The pharmacophore model contains a sulfonyl S atom, an aromatic ring (ring plane A) with a fixed position of the normal to the plane, and an additional aromatic ring (ring plane B), both rings forming a dihedral angle of 290 degrees +/- 10 degrees. The final disposition of the pharmacophoric groups parallels the geometry of the ligand SC-558 (2) in the known crystal structure of the COX-2 complex. Moreover, the nonconserved residue 523 is known to be important for COX-2 selective inhibition; thus, the crystallographic information was used to position an excluded volume in the pharmacophore, accounting for the space limits imposed by this nonconserved residue. The geometry of the final five-feature pharmacophore was found to be consistent with the crystal structure of the nonselective NSAID indomethacin (6) in the COX-2 complex. This result was used to design indomethacin analogues 8 and 9 that exhibited consistent structure-activity relationships leading to the potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor 8a. Compound 8a (LM-1685) was selected as a promising candidate for further pharmacological evaluation.
Endothelial cell-based cytokine gene delivery inhibits 9L glioma growth in vivo (1996)

Malignant brain neoplasms present great therapeutic challenges due to their extremely aggressive behavior and relative isolation by the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers. Endothelial cells may be versatile platforms for delivering genes to solid tumors by virtue of their location at blood-tissue interfaces and their proliferation in response to endothelial mitogens produced by tumors. Immortalized rat brain endothelial cells that express the E. coli lacZ reporter gene and the gene for murine interleukin-2 (RBEZ-IL2) were co-inoculated with 9L glioma cells to Fisher rats to examine the effects of endothelial cell-based cytokine delivery on glioma growth in vivo. 9L glioma growth was not affected by the implantation of control RBEZ cells. The growth of subcutaneous and intracranial 9L gliomas was significantly inhibited by RBEZ-IL2 cells (P < 0.005 and P < 0.01, respectively) when compared to control transfected RBEZ cells. Rats receiving intracranial 9L glioma cells with RBEZ-IL2 cells showed increased survival (P < 0.001). Histologic and immunohistologic analysis showed enhanced activation of microglia/macrophages and CD8-positive T lymphocytes and/or natural killer cells within brain at sites of 9L inoculation with RBEZ-IL2 cells. This report establishes that immortalized endothelial cells can be used for cytokine gene delivery and to activate anti-tumor host responses to experimental gliomas within the central nervous system.
Phosphatidylinositol metabolism in cells transformed by polyomavirus middle T antigen (1990)

Associated with the middle T antigen of polyomavirus is a novel phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) kinase activity which phosphorylates PtdIns at the D-3 position of the inositol ring. We have undertaken an analysis of myo-[3H]inositol-containing compounds in a panel of NIH 3T3 cell lines stably transfected with transforming and nontransforming middle T antigen mutants. All cell lines from which PtdIns 3-kinase activity coprecipitated with middle T antigen exhibited modestly elevated levels of PtdIns(3)P and compounds with predicted PtdIns(3,4)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 structures. Complex formation between middle T antigen and PtdIns 3-kinase correlated not with an increase in total inositol phosphate levels but rather with elevated levels of InsP2 and InsP4. A specific increase in the level of an InsP2 species which comigrated in high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis with Ins(3,4)P2 was observed. These results suggest that association of the polyomavirus middle T antigen with PtdIns 3-kinase activates a distinct inositol metabolic pathway.
Drugs that Target Lipoxygenases and Leukotrienes as Emerging Therapies for Asthma and Cancer (2004)

Considerable amount of work has been done in the area of enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid. This effort resulted in understanding of the functions of lipid mediators--eicosanoids in various aspects of health and disease. A mechanism by which aspirin exerts therapeutic effects puzzled pharmacologists for a long time until John Vane, in 1971, discovered that aspirin and its congeners block formation of prostaglandins, a class of lipids that originate from oxidation of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase. Since that discovery the pharmacology of eicosanoids has substantially progressed, which resulted in new drugs available in clinics. In addition to many new inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, two isoforms of which are known, much effort has been given to find inhibitors of synthesis and function of leukotrienes, a class of lipids that are derived from 5-lipoxygenase. These lipids are generated in asthma and their uncontrolled biosynthesis aggravates the symptoms of asthma. A new class of drugs called lukasts, inhibitors of 5-LOX products, has been developed and entered clinics as the first new therapy to treat asthma in nearly 20 years. New discoveries in the field of lipoxygenase show great opportunities for drug development for cancer prevention and treatment as it has been established that lipoxygenases and their products are required for cancer growth. Intense research in this field is likely to produce new drugs in the near future.
Upscaling Theory and Application Techniques for Reservoir Simulation (2009)

What is the physical target of upscaling in reservoir simulation? Lasseter et al. proposed that scale-up of properties should be done from the scale of a representative elementary volume (REV), a volume for which the measured property does not change with an increase in scale over a given limit of scale. For retaining the original heterogeneous information, the decisive factor is the final grid adopted. Consequently, the REV Grid theorem has been developed, which provides a clear and definite target for reservoir upscaling. Reservoir simulation cases show that using the REV Grid technique, the consistency of the reservoir performances of before and after scale-up is much better than in the case of the conventional upscaling. The new method concentrates on constructing a unique coarse grid, which could best describe the heterogeneity of the original model at given scale. Based on many years of field experience, the new upscaling method developed in this research has the potential to be a significant improvement over existing scale-up methods, especially in field applications.
A computer simulation model for simulating distortion in FET resistors (2000)

The power law that governs harmonic distortion states that the second harmonic, when plotted as a function of input power, will have a slope of two on a log scale, and the third harmonic will have a slope of three. This power law is fundamental to the use of intercept points by radio-frequency circuit designers to predict distortion levels from a knowledge of the input signal level. It is shown in this paper that the standard formulation of field effect transistor (FET) models violates this power law for FETs biased at V/sub ds/=0. The problem is shown to arise from discontinuities in the high order derivatives which occur because V/sub gs/and V/sub gd/ are interchanged in the computer models when V/sub ds/ switches sign. A model is presented which does not switch these variables and the new model is shown to follow the correct power law.
Long‐Term Storage of Proteins (2002)

This unit provides a summary of some of the issues that researchers face when attempting to store purified proteins. It briefly explains the stresses that induce protein aggregation the major causes for chemical degradation. It also discusses how to use various storage strategies to increase the long-term stability of proteins. When appropriate it points out critical mistakes to avoid. This unit provides a summary of some of the issues that researchers face when attempting to store purified proteins.
Hyaluronan: fundamental principles and applications in cancer (1997)

Hyaluronan (HYA) plays a particular role in cancer cell microenvironment. A component of the desmoplasia. HYA is associated to other macromolecules and contributes to the net structure of the matrix. Cancer cells exhibit binding sites (CD44, RHAMM) for HYA. The cell adhesion to HYA can influence the cell motility and different factors could interplay to facilitate cell detachment from HYA. HYA protects cancer cells against immune cell attack. Serum HYA is often increased in metastatic patients.
Inhibition of the Sodium/Potassium ATPase Impairs N-Glycan Expression and Function (2008)

Aberrant N-linked glycans promote the malignant potential of cells by enhancing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the invasive phenotype. To identify small molecule inhibitors of N-glycan biosynthesis, we developed a chemical screen based on the ability of the tetravalent plant lectin L-phytohemagglutinin (L-PHA) to bind and crosslink surface glycoproteins with beta1,6GlcNAc-branched complex type N-glycans and thereby induce agglutination and cell death. In this screen, Jurkat cells were treated with a library of off-patent chemicals (n = 1,280) to identify molecules that blocked L-PHA-induced death. The most potent hit from this screen was the cardiac glycoside (CG) dihydroouabain. In secondary assays, a panel of CGs was tested for their effects on L-PHA-induced agglutination and cell death. All of the CGs tested inhibited L-PHA-induced death in Jurkat cells, and the most potent CG tested was digoxin with an EC(50) of 60 +/- 20 nmol/L. Digoxin also increased the fraction of some concanavalin A-binding N-glycans. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, digoxin specifically increased GlcNAc(1)Man(3)GlcNAc(2)Fuc(1) and GlcNAc(2)Man(3)GlcNAc(2)Fuc(1) oligosaccharides demonstrating an impairment of the N-glycan pathway. Consistent with this effect on the N-glycan pathway, digoxin inhibited N-glycosylation-mediated processes of tumor cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, digoxin prevented distant tumor formation in two mouse models of metastatic prostate cancer. Thus, taken together, our high throughput screen identified CGs as modifiers of the N-glycan pathway. These molecules can be used as tools to better understand the role of N-glycans in normal and malignant cells. Moreover, these results may partly explain the anticancer effect of CGs in cardiovascular patients.
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone from Lolium temulentum L. encoding for a sucrose hydrolytic enzyme which shows alkaline/neutral invertase activity (1998)

A novel cDNA clone, functionally expressed in E. coli, was isolated from a L. temulentum L. cDNA library. The expressed protein hydrolysed sucrose with an apparent Km of approximately 18 mM, and produced equi-molar concentrations of glucose and fructose. Optimum activity was observed at pH 7–7.5; there was little or no activity at pH 5.5. The expressed protein did not hydrolyse raffinose, stachyose or maltose. The activity of the expressed protein was inhibited by fructose (50% at 15 mM) and TRIS (50% at 2.5 mM), but was not affected by MgCl2, CaCl2 or MnCl2. These findings suggest that this cDNA clone encodes for an alkaline/neutral invertase. Sequence analysis revealed little homology with published sequences for acid invertase, however the invertase motif (NDPN) identified in other invertases was present. Expression studies show that the gene encoding for this enzyme is not regulated by sucrose accumulation in leaf tissue.
On Aging Bone Loss (1982)

A survey was done of aging changes in compact and trabecular bone. During the past decade, noninvasive methods have demonstrated similar results for compact bone in large samples. Aging decreases of 3%/decade begin at about age 40 in both sexes and continue, but in women, an additional loss occurs after menopause, bringing their total rate of decrease to 9%/decade between ages 45 and 75. Results on trabecular bone loss are more variable, the majority indicating a slightly lower rate of loss (6% to 8% decade), beginning in young adulthood (20 to 40 years) in both sexes. These findings suggest that the common assumption about a large ongoing loss of trabecular bone after menopause may be erroneous. These assumptions are examined, as are the implications of the findings for calcium metabolism, anatomical correlations and fracture incidences.
Properties of hafnium oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from hafnium tetraiodide and oxygen (2002)

Polycrystalline monoclinic HfO2 films were atomic layer deposited on Si(100) substrates by a nonhydrous carbon-free process of HfI4 and O2. The oxygen to hafnium ratio corresponded to the stoichiometric dioxide within the limits of accuracy of ion beam analysis. A 1.5–2.0 nm thick SiO2 interface layer formed between the HfO2 films and Si substrates. Hysteresis of the capacitance–voltage curves was observed in Al/HfO2/p-Si(100) structures with oxide grown in the substrate temperature range of 570–755 °C. The hysteresis ceased with an increase in O2 pressure. The effective permittivity of the dielectric layers varied between 12 and 16. The breakdown voltages were found to be lower in the case of higher oxygen doses and higher HfO2 deposition temperatures.