gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus terminal protein mediates both nuclear matrix association and efficient transcription of adenovirus DNA. (1990)

Adenovirus DNA is tightly bound to the nuclear matrix throughout the course of infection. Analysis of adenovirus DNA from infected HeLa cell nuclei after extraction with lithium diiodosalicylate and digestion with restriction enzymes demonstrated that the sites of tightest attachment occur in the terminal fragments of the linear viral chromosome. Analysis of viruses mutated in the precursor terminal protein coding sequence demonstrated that the terminal protein, which is covalently attached to the 5' end of each DNA strand, mediates the tight binding. Virions containing chromosomes with mutant terminal proteins were unpackaged and viral DNA accumulated in the nucleus at a normal rate and competed for the limiting component during transcription complex formation, but their early genes were transcribed at reduced efficiency by both RNA polymerases II and III. The transcriptional defects were not complemented by coinfection with a wild-type virus. We propose that the adenovirus chromosome may exist as a single chromatin domain during infection and that binding of DNA to the nuclear matrix may play a critical role in adenovirus transcription.
Thymic epithelial cells promote survival of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia blasts: the role of interleukin-7. (2003)

T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells originate within the thymus from the clonal expansion of T cell precursors. Among thymic stromal elements, epithelial cells (TEC) are known to exert a dominant inductive role in survival and maturation of normal, immature T-cells. In this study we explored the possible effect of TEC on T-ALL cell survival and analyzed the role of interleukin-7 (IL-7) within the microenvironment generated by T-ALL-TEC interactions.T-ALL blasts derived from 10 adult patients were cultured with TEC obtained from human normal thymuses. The level of blast apoptosis was measured by annexin V-propidium iodide co-staining and flow cytometry. The proliferative response of leukemic cells to interaction with TEC was evaluated by thymidine incorporation at various time intervals of culture. To assess the role of IL-7, lympho-epithelial co-cultures were carried out in the presence of anti-IL-7 or anti IL-7R blocking antibodies and the level of apoptosis of T-ALL blasts was analyzed.When T-ALL cells were cultured in the presence of TEC monolayers, the percentage of viable cells increased significantly and this survival was sustained with time in culture. In addition, the interaction with TEC induced a considerable proliferative response in T-ALL cells (15-fold greater than that of the control cells after 7 days of culture). The presence of IL-7 or IL-7R blocking antibodies in lympho-epithelial co-cultures consistently reduced the TEC-mediated apoptosis inhibition in T-ALL blasts (70% decrease).These results point to the role of thymic epithelium in the regulation of T blast survival. In addition, they show that interaction between IL-7 and its receptor has the major role in modulating T-ALL survival within the microenvironment generated by the T-ALL/TEC interaction.
Wetting effects on the spreading of a liquid droplet colliding with a flat surface: Experiment and modeling (1995)

In this paper an experimental and theoretical study of the deformation of a spherical liquid droplet colliding with a flat surface is presented. The theoretical model accounts for the presence of inertia, viscous, gravitation, surface tension, and wetting effects, including the phenomenon of contact-angle hysteresis. Experiments with impingement surfaces of different wettability were performed. The study showed that the maximum splat radius decreased as the value of the advancing contact angle increased. The effect of impact velocity on droplet spreading was more pronounced when the wetting was limited. The experimental results were compared to the numerical predictions in terms of droplet deformation, splat radius, and splat height. The theoretical model predicted well the deformation of the impacting droplet, not only in the spreading phase, but also during recoiling and oscillation. The wettability of the substrate upon which the droplet impinges was found to affect significantly all phases of the spreading process, including the formation and development of a ring structure around the splat.
Subxiphoid Surgical Approach for Epicardial Catheter-Based Mapping and Ablation in Patients With Prior Cardiac Surgery or Difficult Pericardial Access (2004)

A direct surgical subxiphoid epicardial approach in the electrophysiology laboratory is feasible for patients with difficult pericardial access who require ablation of epicardial arrhythmia foci.
Complete amino acid sequence of an immunoreactive form of human pancreatic stone protein isolated from pancreatic juice (1987)

The primary structure of a pancreatic stone protein form has been elucidated for the first time. The protein studied was the lowest-Mr form prepared from human pancreatic juice (PSP S1). The N-terminal sequence up to residue 65 had already been determined. The five peptides obtained after staphylococcal protease digestion of the carboxymethylated reduced and succinylated PSP S1 enabled the deduction of the entire sequence. The tryptic peptides arising from the digest of cyclohexanedione--treated PSP S1 and the amino acids released by carboxypeptidase P digestion of PSP S1 confirmed the data of the sequence. The peptides were purified by Sephadex filtration and, if required, by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose or thin-layer cellulose. The amino acid sequences of the peptides were determined with a sequencer. From the sequence data it was deduced that the PSP S1 polypeptide chain contains 133 amino acid residues and has a Mr of 15,000.
Nanoporous Metal Foams (2010)

Nanoporous metal foams (NMFs) have been a long sought-after class of materials in the quest for high-surface-area conductive and catalytic materials. Herein we present an overview of newly developed synthetic strategies for producing NMFs along with an in-depth discussion of combustion synthesis as a versatile and scalable approach for the preparation of nanoporous, nanostructured metal foams. Current applications of NMFs prepared using combustion synthesis are also presented including hydrogen storage and catalysis.
Platinum catalysed 3,4- and 1,4-diboration of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using bis-pinacolatodiboron (2004)

Bis-pinacolatodiboron reacts with [small alpha],[small beta]-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to give 1,4- and unprecedented 3,4-additions in the presence of a second generation Pt(0) catalyst at ambient temperature.
Differential Regulation of c-Jun and JunD by Ubiquitin-Dependent Protein Degradation (1996)

c-Jun and JunD are two closely related members of the Jun family of transcription factors which markedly differ in their biological functions. Whereas c-Jun behaves as a positive regulator of cell growth and may cause cell transformation when overexpressed, JunD antagonizes both of these effects. To better understand how the activities of c-Jun and JunD are controlled, we investigated how their stabilities within the cell are determined. We show that, in contrast to c-Jun which is degraded following multi ubiquitination, JunD is not efficiently ubiquitinated and exhibits a correspondingly longer half-life. Mutational analysis reveals that the determinant for the difference in ubiquitination resides in the NH2-terminal regions of the proteins which in c-Jun contains the delta-domain.
Radar Reflectivity of the Martian Polar Regions (2000)

Radar experiments provide a unique method of probing the surfaces and subsurfaces of planetary bodies. Information on surface and subsurface structures and properties can be extracted from radar data. There is a well developed history of radar investigations of the planet Mars, beginning with the first reports of variations of scattering properties as a function of martian longitude in the mid-1960's. Because of the rapid rotation of Mars, the standard technique of delay-doppler mapping cannot be used as effectively as it is on Mercury and Venus, making it a more difficult radar target. Techniques have been developed to overcome this difficulty, including an inversion technique to combine many doppler-only (CW) experiments from different viewing geometries into a map of surface reflectivity, and new random long-code techniques. These techniques still suffer from ambiguities, however. A third technique which does not suffer from these ambiguities is the combination of the powerful Goldstone transmitter with the VLA as the receiving instrument to create a combined radar imaging instrument. We have used this combined radar instrument to image the surface of Mars in 3.5-cm radar reflectivity during the 1988, 1992/93, and 1999 oppositions. During the 1988 experiments, the residual south polar ice cap (RSPIC) was the brightest radar reflector on the planet - intrinsically brighter than even the Tharsis lava flows. This was quite an unexpected result. In contrast, during the 1992/93 experiments, the residual north polar ice cap (RNPIC) was not nearly so bright, and in fact showed no enhancement at all, This was puzzling, given the 1988 results for the RSPIC. We attributed the lack of a radar reflection enhancement to a combination of three effects: the geometry was different; the season was different; and the intrinsic scattering from the residual ice caps was different. The 1999 experiments provided a chance to test the relative importance of these three effects, since the RNPIC would be visible in a geometry very similar to the RSPIC in 1988, and the season would also be very similar. Preliminary reduction of the data taken in 1999 shows that the RNPIC did in fact show a radar reflectivity enhancement, but that it was still not as bright as the RSPIC in 1988. Details regarding the radar reflectivity of the residual ice caps, as well as the surrounding polar layered terrains (in light of our radar reflectivity data) will be discussed. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
Expression of serum insulin-like growth factors, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins, and the growth hormone-binding protein in heterozygote relatives of Ecuadorian growth hormone receptor deficient patients (1992)

Recently, an isolated population of apparent GH-receptor deficient (GHRD) patients has been identified in the Loja province of southern Ecuador. These individuals presented many of the physical and biochemical phenotypes characteristic of Laron-Syndrome and are believed to have a defect in the GH-receptor gene. In this study, we have compared the biochemical phenotypes between the affected individuals and their parents, considered to be obligate heterozygotes for the disorder. Serum GH, insulin-like growth factor I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) levels were measured by RIA Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. (IGFBPs) were measured by Western ligand blotting (WLB) of serum samples, following separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and relative quantitation of serum IGFBPs was performed with a scanning laser densitometer. Serum GH-binding protein (GHBP) levels were measured with a ligand-mediated immunofunctional assay using a monoclonal antibody raised against the GHBP. These values were then compared to values obtained from normal, sex-matched adult Ecuadorian controls, to determine if the above parameters were abnormal in the heterozygotes. The serum IGF-I levels of the GHRD patients were less than 13% of control values for adults and 2% for children. However, the IGF-I levels of both the mothers and fathers were not significantly different from that of the control population. The serum IGF-II levels of the GHRD patients were approximately 20% of control values for adults and 12% for the children. The IGF-II levels of the mothers were reduced, but were not significantly different from that of the control population. However, IGF-II levels of the fathers were significantly lower than those of controls (64% of control male levels). WLB analysis of serum IGFBP levels of the affected subjects demonstrated increased IGFBP-2 and decreased IGFBP-3, suggesting an inverse relationship between these IGFBPs. The GHRD patients who had the lowest serum IGFBP-3 levels (as measured by WLB) demonstrated a serum protease activity that could proteolyze 125I-IGFBP-3. GHRD patients who had higher serum IGFBP-3 levels lacked this serum protease activity. There were no differences in the serum IGFBP profiles of the mothers or the fathers for either IGFBP-2 or IGFBP-3, and serum from both groups lacked the ability to significantly proteolyze 125I-IGFBP-3. While GHRD patients had very low levels of serum GHBP, some patients did have measurable GHBP levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Triphenylmethanfarbstoffe aus Thiodiphenylamin und Phenoxazin (1952)

Abstract Durch Kondensation von aromatischen Ketonen mit Thiodiphenylamin und Phenoxazin wird eine Reihe neuer Farbsalze der Triphenylmethanreihe aufgebaut, ausserdem einige Pyryliumsalze in analoger Weise aus Cumarin und Flavon. Die Vergleichsfarbstoffe aus Diphenylamin werden ebenfalls synthetisiert. Es ergibt sich, dass Thiodiphenylamin und Phenoxazin einen ungewöhnlich starken bathochromen Effekt ausüben (in der Mehrzahl der Fälle starke Ultrarotabsorption). Eine scheinbare Ausnahme bei den Farbstoffen aus Michler 's Keton, deren Hauptmaxima bei relativ kurzen Wellen liegen, erklärt sich aus der Überlagerung der langwelligen Bande durch eine kürzerwellige Bande.
Significance of Lactobacilli and Film Permeability in the Spoilage of Vacuum‐Packaged Beef (1982)

ABSTRACT The spoilage of vacuum‐packaged fresh beef during storage at 5°C was studied using analytical taste panels. In the absence of contaminating micro‐organisms, meat spoiled due to the development of an “off” flavor described as “liver‐like.” This occurred even when the meat was packaged in bags made of film of very low oxygen permeability, but the rate of spoilage increased as the film permeability increased. Thus, vacuum‐packaged beef has a limited shelf life even in the absence of a significant population of contaminating microorganisms. Pure cultures of lactic acid bacteria increased the rate of spoilage, which was then due largely to the development of flavor defects described as sour, acid and bitter. Depending upon the strain of bacteria chosen, off flavor became significant 13—28 days after the population reached 10 8 /cm 2 .
Inter-Individual Differences In Habitual Sleep Timing and Entrained Phase of Endogenous Circadian Rhythms of BMAL1, PER2 and PER3 mRNA in Human Leukocytes (2008)

Individual phase differences in PER3 expression during a constant routine correlate with sleep timing during entrainment. PER3 expression in leukocytes represents a useful molecular marker of the circadian processes governing sleep-wake timing.
Optimization of horizontal microcode within and beyond basic blocks: an application of processor scheduling with resources (1979)

Microprogram optimization is the rearrangement of microcode written vertically, with one operation issued per step, into legal horizontal microinstructions, in which several operations are issued each instruction cycle. The rearrangement is done in a way that approximately minimizes the running time of the code. This problem is identified with the problem of processor scheduling with resource constraints. Thus, the problem of optimizing basic blocks of microcode can be seen to be np-complete; however, approximate methods for basic blocks which have good records in other, similar scheduling environments can be used. In priority list scheduling the tasks are ordered according to some evaluation function, and then schedules are found by repeated scans of the list. Several evaluation functions are shown to perform very well on large samples of various classes of random data-precedence graphs with characteristics similar to those derived from microprograms. A method of spotting resource bottlenecks in the derived data-precedence graph enables one to obtain a resource-considerate evaluation function, in which tasks which contribute directly to or precede bottlenecks have their priorities raised. The complexity of the calculations necessary to compute the lower bound was greatly reduced. A method is suggested for optimizing beyond basic blocks. Groups of basic blocks are treated as if they were one block; the information necessary to control the motion of tasks between blocks is encoded as data-precedence constraints on the conditional tasks. Long paths of code can thus be optimized, with no back branches, by the same methods used for basic blocks. 9 figures, 6 tables.
Ocular Drug Delivery Systems : Barriers and Application of Nanoparticulate Systems (2012)

Basic Considerations Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutics: An Overview Deepak Thassu, Kris Holt, and Gerald J. Chader Eye Anatomy, Physiology and Ocular Barriers: Basic Considerations for Drug Delivery Gerald J. Chader and Deepak Thassu Animal Models to Evaluate Ocular Nanoparticular Drug Delivery Systems Vinson M. Wang, Jingsheng Tuo, and Chi-Chao Chan Computer Modeling for Ocular Drug Delivery Paul J. Missel Challenges in the Development of Nanotechnology-Based Ophthalmic Systems Banu S. Zolnik, Sheriza Baksh, and Nakissa Sadrieh Ocular Barriers Blood-Retinal Barrier: The Fundamentals Rosa Fernandes, Andreia Goncalves, and Jose Cunha-Vaz Barriers to Transscleral Drug Delivery to the Retina Alexandra Almazan, Susan S. Lee, Aron D. Ross, and Michael R. Robinson Ocular Compartment Drug Delivery Drug Delivery to the Vitreous Humor Francine Behar-Cohen Transscleral and Suprachoroidal Drug Delivery Damian E. Berezovsky and Henry F. Edelhauser Protein Drug Delivery to Retina and Choroid Hongwen M. Rivers and Patrick M. Hughes Transscleral Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye Bernard F. Godley, Cheryl L. Rowe-Rendleman, Ed Kraft, and Gabriella Kulp Drug Delivery to the Suprachoroidal Space Sung Won Cho and Timothy W. Olsen Use of Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Glaucoma, and Other Degenerative Retinal Diseases Marco A. Zarbin, Carlo Montemagno, James F. Leary, and Robert Ritch Drug Delivery Systems Drug Molecule Characteristics, Drug Delivery Strategies and Their Impact on Ophthalmic Drug Delivery to Anterior versus Posterior Segments Kay D. Rittenhouse Surface Modulation of Nanoparticles Deepak Thassu and Kris Holt Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Retinal Diseases Amin Famili and Uday B. Kompella Gene-Based Medicine for Ocular Diseases Shannon M. Conley and Muna I. Naash Stealth-Type Polymeric Nanoparticles with Encapsulated Betamethasone Phosphate for Treatment of Intraocular Inflammation Tsutomu Sakai, Tsutomu Ishihara, and Megumu Higaki Technology and Materials Development Nanotechnology-Guided Imaging of Retinal Vascular Disease Joshua R. Trantum and Ashwath Jayagopal Photoresponsive Polymers for Ocular Drug Delivery Laura A. Wells and Heather Sheardown Nanosuspensions in Ocular Drug Delivery Systems Himanshu Bhattacharjee and Sonia Bedi
The synthesis of the 2H, 3H, and 14C‐isotopomers of 2′‐deoxy‐2′,2′‐difluorocytidine hydrochloride, an anti‐tumor compound (1991)

Abstract The 2 H, 3 H, and 14 C‐isotopomers of 2′‐deoxy‐2′,2′‐difluorocytidine hydrochloride ( 1a , gemcitabine hydrochloride) have been synthesized in two radiochemical steps from the reaction of bis ‐trimethylsilylcytosine‐[2‐ 14 C] and 3,5‐O‐ bis ‐benzoyl‐1‐O‐methanesulfonyl‐2‐ deoxy‐2,2‐difluororibose ( 2b ). A mixture of anomers of 3′,5′‐dibenzoyl‐2′‐deoxy‐2′,2′‐difluorocytidine ( 4a ) or its 14 C‐isotopomer ( 4b ) were obtained which were readily separated by crystallization from ethyl acetate. Deprotection using methanolic ammonia yielded the target compound. The 2 H and 3 H‐isotopomers were prepared by deuterium (or tritium) gas hydrogenolysis of 5‐iodo‐2′‐deoxy‐2′,2′‐difluorocytidine ( 5 ).
<title>Nanoimprint lithography with a commercial 4-in. bond system for hot embossing</title> (2001)

In order to examine the suitability of nanoimprinting for wafer scale pattern definition, a commercially available hot embossing system, the EV520HE of EVGroup, Austria, has been used to imprint 4 inch substrates. The EV520HE is based on a production-proven wafer bonding system which guarantees compatibility with semiconductor fabrication conditions. A 4 inch silicon wafer fully patterned with structures from 400 nm to 100 micrometers size was used as a stamp. The patterns, having a nominal height of 260 nm were defined in poly-Si over SiO<SUB>2</SUB> by reactive ion etching. Different anti- sticking layers were applied to the stamps by monolayer self-assembling, among them (1,1,2,2 H perfluoroctyl)- trichlorosilane. Two different polymers, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and a commercially available nanoimprint resist were used to spin-coat the substrates. Imprints were performed with temperatures of up to 225 degree(s)C, forces between 10 bar and 55 bar and holding times of 5 and 15 minutes. After separation of stamp and sample the imprints were characterized by a surface profiler and inspected by an optical microscope as well as a scanning electron microscope. Different qualities of pattern transfer according to the used process parameters were achieved, but patterning of the whole sample surface was always observed. In contrast to radiation-based lithography, the difficulties are based in imprinting of larger features whereas structures of 400 nm size were reproduced with high quality. Therefore the largest patterns of the stamp, 100 micrometers square bond pads, were used for imprint quality assessment, judged by the degree of stamp cavity filling around the pads. High quality was achieved by embossing at 225 degree(s)C with a hold time of 5 minutes at a pressure of 55 bar. For full wafer imprint only a small degradation of imprint quality from the center towards the periphery was observed. Further optimization of the process is required to minimize residual layer thickness for the hot embossing lithography step, taking into account the visco-elastic properties of the polymer material.
Expression of different CD8 isoforms on distinct human lymphocyte subpopulations (1991)

Human CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed for their expression of CD8 alpha and CD8 beta subunits. Investigations with uncloned peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as cloned human natural killer and T cell subpopulations demonstrate that CD3- natural killer cells, T cell receptor gamma/delta, and CD4+CD8+ T cell clones express exclusively CD8 alpha gene products. Structural analysis of CD8 molecules demonstrates that CD8 alpha+/beta- T lymphocytes surface express 75-kDa CD8 alpha/alpha homodimers whereas CD8 alpha/beta lymphocytes express concomittantly two CD8 isoforms of different molecular masses (67 kDa and 75 kDa, respectively). Peptide mapping of these latter two isoforms suggests that CD8 is expressed as alpha/alpha homodimers and alpha/beta heterodimers on CD8 alpha/beta+ cells. Importantly, we found that the two CD8 isoforms behave functionally different. Thus, in contrast to CD8 alpha/beta+/CD8 alpha/alpha+ T lymphocytes, cytolytic activity of CD8 alpha/beta-/CD8 alpha/alpha+ T cell clones was not inhibited by anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies and the latter were not induced to proliferate following CD3/CD8 cross-linking.
Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Dendritic Cells and Clinical Outcome in Patients With High-Risk Melanoma Treated With Adjuvant Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (2008)

GM-CSF treatment was associated with a transient increase in mature DCs, but not MDSCs. Greater increase of DCs was associated with remission or delayed recurrence. The prolonged overall survival observed warrants further exploration.