gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin-(1–7): beyond the cardio-renal actions (2012)

It is well known that the RAS (renin-angiotensin system) plays a key role in the modulation of many functions in the body. AngII (angiotensin II) acting on AT1R (type 1 AngII receptor) has a central role in mediating most of the actions of the RAS. However, over the past 10 years, several studies have presented evidence for the existence of a new arm of the RAS, namely the ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) 2/Ang-(1-7) [angiotensin-(1-7)]/Mas axis. Ang-(1-7) can be produced from AngI or AngII via endo- or carboxy-peptidases respectively. ACE2 appears to play a central role in Ang-(1-7) formation. As described for AngII, Ang-(1-7) also has a broad range of effects in different organs and tissues which goes beyond its initially described cardiovascular and renal actions. Those effects are mediated by Mas and can counter-regulate most of the deleterious effects of AngII. The interaction Ang-(1-7)/Mas regulates different signalling pathways, such as PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/AKT and ERK (extracellularsignal-regulated kinase) pathways and involves downstream effectors such as NO, FOXO1 (forkhead box O1) and COX-2 (cyclo-oxygenase-2). Through these mechanisms, Ang-(1-7) is able to improve pathological conditions including fibrosis and inflammation in organs such as lungs, liver and kidney. In addition, this heptapeptide has positive effects on metabolism, increasing the glucose uptake and lipolysis while decreasing insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. Ang-(1-7) is also able to improve cerebroprotection against ischaemic stroke, besides its effects on learning and memory. The reproductive system can also be affected by Ang-(1-7) treatment, with enhanced ovulation, spermatogenesis and sexual steroids synthesis. Finally, Ang-(1-7) is considered a potential anti-cancer treatment since it is able to inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Thus the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas pathway seems to be involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in several systems and organs especially by opposing the detrimental effects of inappropriate overactivation of the ACE/AngII/AT1R axis.
Rigorous calculations related to functionally graded and segmented thermoelements (2002)

Functionally grading thermoelements is an effective method of increasing the performance of a thermoelectric device. It is achieved either by a gradual change of the material composition along the length of the thermoelement, or by segmenting different materials, so that the figure-of-merit is close to maximum at every point of the thermoelement, under a given temperature difference. The overall performance of such a thermoelement strongly depends on the distribution of thermoelectric parameters and temperature, and on the operating conditions (large temperature gradient, high electrical current). In realistic calculations Thomson and distributed Peltier effects cannot be neglected. We use finite element analysis to obtain realistic results, which are compared with ones obtained using the formulae of Ioffe (1957). Influences of the Thomson and distributed Peltier effects are calculated for thermoelements operating in cooling and generating modes.
Transgenic blockade of interleukin 6 transsignaling abrogates inflammation (2007)

The immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin6 (IL6) acts in a pro- and anti-inflammatory fashion. Synthesized by myeloid cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, IL6 on target cells, binds to the IL6 receptor (IL6R) and signals via complex formation with the ubiquitously expressed gp130 receptor. Paradoxically, most cells that respond to IL6 during inflammatory states do not express the IL6R and are themselves not directly responsive to the cytokine. A naturally occurring soluble form of the IL6R renders all cells responsive to IL6. This alternative signaling process is called IL6 transsignaling. Here we developed a transgenic strategy based on the overexpression of the soluble form of gp130, which specifically blocks all IL6 responses mediated by the soluble IL6R but does not affect IL6 responses via the membrane bound IL6R. In these mice, inflammatory processes are blocked as in IL6(-/-) mice, strongly arguing for a major role of the soluble IL6R during inflammation in vivo.
Liquid extraction surface analysis field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry for the analysis of dried blood spots (2015)

Liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) is a surface sampling technique that allows electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of a wide range of analytes directly from biological substrates. Here, we present LESA mass spectrometry coupled with high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) for the analysis of dried blood spots on filter paper. Incorporation of FAIMS in the workflow enables gas-phase separation of lipid and protein molecular classes, enabling analysis of both haemoglobin and a range of lipids (phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin species) from a single extraction sample. The work has implications for multiplexed clinical assays of multiple analytes.
Update on topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (2001)

Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a novel addition to the armamentarium of medical glaucoma treatment; dorzolamide has been available since 1995 and brinzolamide since 1998. They lower intraocular pressure by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, a key enzyme for aqueous humor formation. Intraocular pressure-lowering activity of the substances appears to be the same and is similar to that of most other agents, but it does not reach the activity of the unselective beta-blocker timolol or the prostaglandin latanoprost. On concomitant treatment, additivity is reached with all other topical agents. A possible improvement of blood flow may offer an additional benefit, but its significance for the long-term outcome for human glaucoma remains to be shown. Side effects are mostly local. A more physiologic pH of brinzolamide appears to be advantageous.
Conformational Difference in Human IgG2 Disulfide Isoforms Revealed by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (2015)

Both recombinant and natural human IgG2 antibodies have several different disulfide bond isoforms, which possess different global structures, thermal stabilities, and biological activities. A detailed mapping of the structural difference among IgG2 disulfide isoforms, however, has not been established. In this work, we employed hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to study the conformation of three major IgG2 disulfide isoforms known as IgG2-B, IgG2-A1, and IgG2-A2 in two recombinant human IgG2 monoclonal antibodies. By comparing the protection factors between amino acid residues in isoforms B and A1 (the classical form), we successfully identified several local regions in which the IgG2-B isoform showed more solvent protection than the IgG2-A1 isoform. On the basis of three-dimensional structural models of IgG2, these identified regions were located on the Fab domains, close to the hinge, centered on the side where the two Fab arms faced each other in spatial proximity. We speculated that in the more solvent-protected B isoform, the two Fab arms were brought into contact by the nonclassical disulfide bonds, resulting in a more compact global structure. Loss of Fab domain flexibility in IgG2-B could limit its ability to access cell-surface epitopes, leading to reduced antigen binding potency. The A2 isoform was previously found to have disulfide linkages similar to those of the classical A1 isoform, but with different biophysical behaviors. Our data indicated that, compared to IgG2-A1, IgG2-A2 had less solvent protection in some heavy-chain Fab regions close the hinge, suggesting that the A2 isoform had more flexible Fab domains.
Identification of a Novel Extracellular Cation-sensing G-protein-coupled Receptor (2005)

The C family G-protein-coupled receptors contain members that sense amino acid and extracellular cations, of which calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) is the prototypic extracellular calcium-sensing receptor. Some cells, such as osteoblasts in bone, retain responsiveness to extracellular calcium in CASR-deficient mice, consistent with the existence of another calcium-sensing receptor. We examined the calcium-sensing properties of GPRC6A, a newly identified member of this family. Alignment of GPRC6A with CASR revealed conservation of both calcium and calcimimetic binding sites. In addition, calcium, magnesium, strontium, aluminum, gadolinium, and the calcimimetic NPS 568 resulted in a dose-dependent stimulation of GPRC6A overexpressed in human embryonic kidney cells 293 cells. Also, osteocalcin, a calcium-binding protein highly expressed in bone, dose-dependently stimulated GPRC6A activity in the presence of calcium but inhibited the calcium-dependent activation of CASR. Coexpression of beta-arrestins 1 and 2, regulators of G-protein signaling RGS2 or RGS4, the RhoA inhibitor C3 toxin, the dominant negative Galpha(q)-(305-359) minigene, and pretreatment with pertussis toxin inhibited activation of GPRC6A by extracellular cations. Reverse transcription-PCR analyses showed that mouse GPRC6A is widely expressed in mouse tissues, including bone, calvaria, and the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. These data suggest that in addition to sensing amino acids, GPRC6A is a cation-, calcimimetic-, and osteocalcin-sensing receptor and a candidate for mediating extracellular calcium-sensing responses in osteoblasts and possibly other tissues.
Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1-immunoglobulin G1 immunoadhesin mediates phagocytosis of malaria-infected erythrocytes. (1992)

We describe an immunoadhesin molecule containing intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) molecularly fused to hinge and CH2 and CH3 domains of the human immunoglobulin G1 H chain that binds Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. This receptor-based immunoadhesin is an effective and specific inhibitor of P. falciparum-infected erythrocyte adhesion to ICAM-1-bearing surfaces, but does not inhibit leukocyte function antigen 1 (LFA-1) interaction with ICAM-1. Furthermore, the immunoadhesin promotes phagocytosis and destruction of parasitized erythrocytes by human monocytes. Each of these modes of action has potential for the therapy of malaria.
The Therapeutic Effect of Bovine Lactoferrin in the Host Infected withHelicobacter pylori (1999)

These findings suggest that bLF exerts an inhibitory effect on colonizing H. pylori by detaching the bacterium from the gastric epithelium and by exerting a direct anti-bacterial effect.
Can primary dysmenorrhea be alleviated by a vasopressen antagonist? (1987)

In order to study the etiological role of vasopressin in primary dysmenorrhea the therapeutic effect of an antagonist of vasopressin action on the uterus (1-deamino-2-D-Tyr(OEt)-4-Thr-8-Orn-oxytocin) was investigated in 14 patients with moderate to severe symptoms. The women participated in the study at two menstruations and each time one intravenous bolus injection of the analogue (10 micrograms/kg body weight) and one of the placebo (saline) were given, randomized and double-blind with at least a 2 hour interval. The effect was monitored by overall ratings and by pain diagrams described by the patients. In the former parameter the vasopressin antagonist was significantly more effective (p less than 0.01). In the pain diagrams, however, a significant reduction of symptoms occurred both after the analogue administrations and after placebo given as second injection. The results support a causative role of vasopressin in primary dysmenorrhea, but further studies with higher doses and/or other routes of administration or delivery systems are required in order to delineate the therapeutic value of vasopressin antagonists in the condition.
Isolation and analysis (1995)

This volume provides an introduction to the fundamental chemistry of carotenoid compounds, as well as detailed accounts of the basic methods used in carotenoid work. Part A covers the general methods of isolation and analysis.
Fabrication of low-loss optical fibres containing rare-earth ions (1985)

Fibres containing rare-earth ions have been produced by an extended MCVD process. The fibres have very high absorption levels in the visible and near infra-red regions, without significantly compromising the low-loss characteristics of the fibre at wavelengths between 950 and 1400 nm.
Supporting ranked Boolean similarity queries in MARS (1998)

To address the emerging needs of applications that require access to and retrieval of multimedia objects, we are developing the Multimedia Analysis and Retrieval System (MARS). In this paper, we concentrate on the retrieval subsystem of MARS and its support for content-based queries over image databases. Content-based retrieval techniques have been extensively studied for textual documents in the area of automatic information retrieval. This paper describes how these techniques can be adapted for ranked retrieval over image databases. Specifically, we discuss the ranking and retrieval algorithms developed in MARS based on the Boolean retrieval model and describe the results of our experiments that demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed model for image retrieval.
Nuclear retention of RNA as a mechanism for localization. (1995)

Two mutant RNAs, one derived from tRNA(imet), the second from U1 snRNA, that are defective in export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm have been studied. In both cases, the RNAs are shown to be transport competent but prevented from leaving the nucleus by interaction with saturable binding sites. This contradicts previous hypotheses to explain the behavior of the tRNA mutant, and highlights a general problem in using mutant RNAs to study nuclear export. In the case of these mutants, it is argued that nuclear retention is likely to be artifactual. However, the additional example of U6 snRNA is described. In this case, nuclear retention appears to be a physiological mechanism by which intranuclear localization is achieved. Evidence that the site of interaction with the La protein in U6 snRNA is important for its nuclear retention is presented.
Altering the Ratio of Phenazines in Pseudomonas chlororaphis ( aureofaciens ) Strain 30-84: Effects on Biofilm Formation and Pathogen Inhibition (2008)

Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain 30-84 is a plant-beneficial bacterium that is able to control take-all disease of wheat caused by the fungal pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. The production of phenazines (PZs) by strain 30-84 is the primary mechanism of pathogen inhibition and contributes to the persistence of strain 30-84 in the rhizosphere. PZ production is regulated in part by the PhzR/PhzI quorum-sensing (QS) system. Previous flow cell analyses demonstrated that QS and PZs are involved in biofilm formation in P. chlororaphis (V. S. R. K. Maddula, Z. Zhang, E. A. Pierson, and L. S. Pierson III, Microb. Ecol. 52:289-301, 2006). P. chlororaphis produces mainly two PZs, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2-hydroxy-PCA (2-OH-PCA). In the present study, we examined the effect of altering the ratio of PZs produced by P. chlororaphis on biofilm formation and pathogen inhibition. As part of this study, we generated derivatives of strain 30-84 that produced only PCA or overproduced 2-OH-PCA. Using flow cell assays, we found that these PZ-altered derivatives of strain 30-84 differed from the wild type in initial attachment, mature biofilm architecture, and dispersal from biofilms. For example, increased 2-OH-PCA production promoted initial attachment and altered the three-dimensional structure of the mature biofilm relative to the wild type. Additionally, both alterations promoted thicker biofilm development and lowered dispersal rates compared to the wild type. The PZ-altered derivatives of strain 30-84 also differed in their ability to inhibit the fungal pathogen G. graminis var. tritici. Loss of 2-OH-PCA resulted in a significant reduction in the inhibition of G. graminis var. tritici. Our findings suggest that alterations in the ratios of antibiotic secondary metabolites synthesized by an organism may have complex and wide-ranging effects on its biology.
Heterozygous endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) mutations in isolated Hirschsprung disease (1996)

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR, aganglionic megacolon) is a frequent congenital malformation regarded as a multigenic neurocristopathy. Two susceptibility genes have been recently identified in HSCR, namely the RET proto-oncogene and the endothelin B receptor (EDNRB) gene. Hitherto however, homozygosity for EDNRB mutations accounted for the HSCR-Waardenburg syndrome (WS) association. Here, we report heterozygous EDNRB missense mutations (G57S, R319W and P383L) in isolated HSCR. These data might suggest that EDNRB mutations could be dosage sensitive: heterozygosity would predispose to isolated HSCR with incomplete penetrance, while homozygosity would result in more complex neurocristopathies associating HSCR and WS features. In addition, the present data give further support to the role of the endothelin-signalling pathway in the development of neural crest-derived enteric neurons.
Josephson-junction-embedded transmission-line resonators: From Kerr medium to in-line transmon (2012)

We provide a general method to find the Hamiltonian of a linear circuit in the presence of a nonlinearity. Focusing on the case of a Josephson junction embedded in a transmission-line resonator, we solve for the normal modes of the system by taking into account exactly the effect of the quadratic (i.e., inductive) part of the Josephson potential. The nonlinearity is then found to lead to self and cross-Kerr effects, as well as beam-splitter-type interactions between modes. By adjusting the parameters of the circuit, the Kerr coefficient $K$ can be made to reach values that are weak ($K&lt;\ensuremath{\kappa}$), strong ($K&gt;\ensuremath{\kappa}$), or even very strong ($K\ensuremath{\gg}\ensuremath{\kappa}$) with respect to the photon-loss rate $\ensuremath{\kappa}$. In the latter case, the $\mathrm{resonator}+\mathrm{junction}$ circuit corresponds to an in-line version of the transmon. By replacing the single junction by a SQUID, the Kerr coefficient can be tuned in situ, allowing, for example, the fast generation of Schr\"odinger cat states of microwave light. Finally, we explore the maximal strength of qubit-resonator coupling that can be reached in this setting.
A Review of Automatic Rhythm Description Systems (2005)

March 01 2005 A Review of Automatic Rhythm Description Systems Fabien Gouyon, Fabien Gouyon Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IUA, Music Technology Group, Passeig de Circumval. laciÓ, 8, 08003 Barcelona, Spain, fgouyon@iua.upf.es Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Simon Dixon Simon Dixon Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Freyung 6/6, A-1010 Vienna, Austria, simon@oefai.at Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Fabien Gouyon Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IUA, Music Technology Group, Passeig de Circumval. laciÓ, 8, 08003 Barcelona, Spain, fgouyon@iua.upf.es Simon Dixon Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Freyung 6/6, A-1010 Vienna, Austria, simon@oefai.at Online ISSN: 1531-5169 Print ISSN: 0148-9267 © 2005 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2005 Computer Music Journal (2005) 29 (1): 34–54. https://doi.org/10.1162/comj.2005.29.1.34 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Fabien Gouyon, Simon Dixon; A Review of Automatic Rhythm Description Systems. Computer Music Journal 2005; 29 (1): 34–54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/comj.2005.29.1.34 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsComputer Music Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2005 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2005 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
评J.加尔布雷思著《权力的剖析》一书 (1984)

权力是迫使他人按照自己的意愿行事的能力,这个东西在现代经济学家中曾经是一个卑微的秘密,它简直就套不到他们的任何模式中去。加尔布雷思在这本书里,对于他所属的那个行会公认的常识提出了反面意见。他认为以各种不同的方式行使权力是社会和经济世界不可缺少的主要组成部分。如果不对权力的手段和来源加以适当考虑,我们对社会的了解必然严重不足。作者认为有三种权力:“应得的权力”,在于对不顺从的行为加以惩罚的能力;“补偿的权力”,通过许诺给以报偿来达到目的;
DNA typing of the HLA‐A gene: population study and identification of four new alleles in Japanese (1996)

With the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (SSOP), we established a DNA typing method of the HLA-A locus. A pair of primers to amplify the highly polymorphic region of HLA-A gene including exon 2 and exon 3 was designed and the amplified DNAs were hybridized with 91 types of 32P labeled SSOPs. This method allowed discrimination of all known HLA-A alleles except for two combinations, A*0201 or A*0209 and A*0207 or A*0215N, which have identical sequences in exon 2 and exon 3. Another pair of primers was designed for amplification of exon 4 and the PCR products were hybridized with 5 SSOPs to distinguish A*0201 and A*0207 from A*0209 and A*0215N, respectively. In this study, 81 B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL) homozygous for HLA and 553 unrelated healthy Japanese individuals were determined for their HLA-A genotypes. Based on the genotyping results, frequency of HLA-A alleles and linkage disequilibrium between HLA-A and HLA-B in the Japanese population were investigated. In addition, four new HLA-A alleles were identified and their nucleotide sequences in exon 2 and exon 3 were determined to confirm the typing results.
Synthesis, Characterization, and in Vitro Activity of Dendrimer−Streptokinase Conjugates (2007)

Dendrimer conjugation with low molecular weight drugs has been of increasing interest recently for improving pharmacokinetics, targeting drugs to specific sites, and facilitating cellular uptake. Opportunities for increasing the performance of relatively large therapeutic proteins such as streptokinase (SK) using dendrimers are being explored in this study. Using the active ester method, a series of streptokinase-poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) G3.5 conjugates were synthesized with varying amounts of dendrimer-to-protein molar ratios. Characterization of these conjugates by GPC, IEC, and native-PAGE suggested that the conjugation reaction was successful, resulting in relatively pure SK-dendrimer conjugates. The conjugate made with an equimolar ratio of dendrimer to streptokinase (1:1) exhibited the highest enzymatic activity retention ( approximately 80% retained) that has been reported so far for conjugated streptokinase with macromolecules such as PEG or dextran. SK conjugates with higher streptokinase-to-dendrimer molar ratios (1:10 and 1:20) exhibited lower initial enzymatic activities. However, these conjugates showed sustained thrombolytic activity in plasma, perhaps due to the release of SK from the conjugate. All of the SK conjugates displayed significantly improved stability in phosphate buffer solution, compared to free SK. The high coupling reaction efficiencies and the resulting high enzymatic activity retention achieved in this study could enable a desirable way for modifying many bioactive macromolecules with dendrimers.