gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of microphones for snoring and breathing events analysis in mHealth (2017)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most common sleep disorders, especially in elderly population. Despite its high prevalence and severe consequences, most patients remain undiagnosed due to serious limitations on the existing equipment. Efforts are being done to find cost-effective alternatives and mHealth solutions could play a key role. One promising approach in this context is the acoustic analysis of snoring. The sensor it requires is a microphone, which is widely available in different models and even integrated in smartphones. The objective of this work is to characterize and compare the responses of two commercial tracheal microphones and a mHealth-based microphone, as a proof-of-concept to evaluate their potential as sensors for OSA detection. To do that, we designed an experimental protocol to study OSA-related events (breaths, snores and apneas) simulated by 4 subjects. Test signals were simultaneously recorded with different microphones and posteriorly processed and analyzed. We accurately characterized the frequency response of the two commercial microphones, finding that one of them was too restrictive (bandwidth 50-250 Hz) and thus not suitable as snoring sensor for high-frequency acoustic analysis. Regarding smartphones, we studied the Samsung Galaxy S5 microphone. We found that, when located over the thorax, it provided quality signals comparable to those of tracheal microphones, with a broader frequency response. Further work is required, but this preliminary study suggests that acoustic analysis of snoring through mHealth solutions can be a feasible alternative to screen and monitor OSA patients at home.
JAM-2, a Novel Immunoglobulin Superfamily Molecule, Expressed by Endothelial and Lymphatic Cells (2001)

Cell-cell contacts are essential for morphogenesis and tissue function and play a vital role in mediating endothelial cohesion within the vascular system during vessel growth and organization. We identified a novel junctional adhesion molecule, named JAM-2, by a selective RNA display method, which allowed identification of transcripts encoding immunoglobulin superfamily molecules regulated during coculture of endothelial cells with tumor cells. The JAM-2 transcript is highly expressed during embryogenesis and is detected in lymph node and Peyer's patches RNA of adult mice. Accordingly, antibodies specific for JAM-2 stain high endothelial venules and lymphatic vessels in lymphoid organs, and vascular structures in the kidney. Using real time video microscopy, we show that JAM-2 is localized within minutes to the newly formed cell-cell contact. The role of the protein in the sealing of cell-cell contact is further suggested by the reduced paracellular permeability of cell monolayer transfected with JAM-2 cDNA, and by the localization of JAM-2 to tight junctional complexes of polarized cells. Taken together, our results suggest that JAM-2 is a novel vascular molecule, which participates in interendothelial junctional complexes.
Microarray Detection of Human Parainfluenzavirus 4 Infection Associated with Respiratory Failure in an Immunocompetent Adult (2006)

A pan-viral DNA microarray, the Virochip (University of California, San Francisco), was used to detect human parainfluenzavirus 4 (HPIV-4) infection in an immunocompetent adult presenting with a life-threatening acute respiratory illness. The virus was identified in an endotracheal aspirate specimen, and the microarray results were confirmed by specific polymerase chain reaction and serological analysis for HPIV-4. Conventional clinical laboratory testing using an extensive panel of microbiological tests failed to yield a diagnosis. This case suggests that the potential severity of disease caused by HPIV-4 in adults may be greater than previously appreciated and illustrates the clinical utility of a microarray for broad-based viral pathogen screening.
Introduction (2004)

Few would contest the claim that the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 marked a significant point in American history. For the first time in nearly two centuries, American cities were burning due to the actions of foreign agents. Americans used to the protection afforded by two oceans and friendly nations along the borders were compelled to give second thought to homeland security and what it means to live in a global world. The initial shock had scarcely begun to abate when politicians and scholars began a debate regarding the nature of civil liberties—a debate that promises to continue well into the new millennium.KeywordsSevere Acute Respiratory SyndromeNational SecurityPolitical CultureCivil LibertyFree SpeechThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Effect of LSKL peptide on thrombospondin 1-mediated transforming growth factor β signal activation and liver regeneration after hepatectomy in an experimental model (2015)

Only two doses of LSKL peptide during the early period after hepatectomy can promote liver regeneration. The transient inhibition of TSP-1/TGF-β signal activation using LSKL peptide soon after hepatectomy may be a promising strategy to promote subsequent liver regeneration. Surgical relevance Although the mechanisms of liver regeneration after hepatectomy have been explored intensively in vivo, no therapeutic tools are thus far available to accelerate liver regeneration after hepatectomy in the clinical setting. Recently, the matricellular protein thrombospondin (TSP) 1, a major activator of latent transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, has been identified as a negative regulator of liver regeneration after hepatectomy. In this study, the inhibition of TSP-1-mediated TGF-β signal activation by LSKL (leucine-serine-lysine-leucine) peptide in the early period after hepatectomy accelerated liver regeneration without any adverse effects. In addition, continuous high plasma TSP-1 levels after hepatectomy were associated with liver damage in humans. The transient inhibition of TSP-1/TGF-β signal activation using LSKL peptide in the early period after hepatectomy could be a novel therapeutic strategy to accelerate liver regeneration after hepatectomy.
Claudin multigene family encoding four-transmembrane domain protein components of tight junction strands (1999)

Two related integral membrane proteins, claudin-1 and -2, recently were identified as novel components of tight junction (TJ) strands. Here, we report six more claudin-like proteins, indicating the existence of a claudin gene family. Three of these were reported previously as RVP1, Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin receptor, and TMVCF, but their physiological functions were not determined. Through similarity searches followed by PCR, we isolated full length cDNAs of mouse RVP1, Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin receptor, and TMVCF as well as three mouse claudin-like proteins and designated them as claudin-3 to -8, respectively. All of these claudin family members showed similar patterns on hydrophilicity plots, which predicted four transmembrane domains in each molecule. Northern blotting showed that the tissue distribution pattern varied significantly, depending on claudin species. Similarly to claudin-1 and -2, when these claudins were HA-tagged and introduced into cultured Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, all showed a tendency to concentrate at TJs. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy with polyclonal antibodies specific for claudin-3, -4, or -8 revealed that these molecules were exclusively concentrated at TJs in the liver and/or kidney. These findings indicated that multiple claudin family members are involved in the formation of TJ strands in various tissues.
Catalysis by cucurbituril. The significance of bound-substrate destabilization for induced triazole formation (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalysis by cucurbituril. The significance of bound-substrate destabilization for induced triazole formationWilliam L. Mock, Ted A. Irra, James P. Wepsiec, and Mita AdhyaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 22, 5302–5308Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00283a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00283a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2686Altmetric-Citations252LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Immune Checkpoint Modulator OX40 and Its Ligand OX40L in NK-Cell Immunosurveillance and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2018)

The TNF receptor family member OX40 promotes activation and proliferation of T cells, which fuels efforts to modulate this immune checkpoint to reinforce antitumor immunity. Besides T cells, NK cells are a second cytotoxic lymphocyte subset that contributes to antitumor immunity, particularly in leukemia. Accordingly, these cells are being clinically evaluated for cancer treatment through multiple approaches, such as adoptive transfer of <i>ex vivo</i> expanded polyclonal NK cells (pNKC). Here, we analyzed whether and how OX40 and its ligand (OX40L) influence NK-cell function and antileukemia reactivity. We report that OX40 is expressed on leukemic blasts in a substantial percentage of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and that OX40 can, after stimulation with agonistic OX40 antibodies, mediate proliferation and release of cytokines that act as growth and survival factors for the leukemic cells. We also demonstrate that pNKC differentially express OX40L, depending on the protocol used for their generation. OX40L signaling promoted NK-cell activation, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity, and disruption of OX40-OX40L interaction impaired pNKC reactivity against primary AML cells. Together, our data implicate OX40/OX40L in disease pathophysiology of AML and in NK-cell immunosurveillance. Our findings indicate that effects of the OX40-OX40L receptor-ligand system in other immune cell subsets and also malignant cells should be taken into account when developing OX40-targeted approaches for cancer immunotherapy. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 6(2); 209-21. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Sinus Surgery: Does Mitomycin C Reduce Stenosis? (1998)

This experimental study investigates the effect of mitomycin C (MMC) on sinus mucosal healing. MMC has an antiproliferative action on fibroblasts. It is used in glaucoma surgery to prevent restenosis of fistulas. Antrostomies were drilled in rabbit maxillary sinuses. One side was used as a control and the other treated with MMC at a concentration of 0.04, 0.4, or 1 mg/mL. Two animals from each group were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks. The antrostomies in the control and 0.04-mg/mL groups had closed by 1 week; in the 0.4-mg/mL group by 4 weeks, and in the 1.0-mg/mL group by 12 weeks. Ciliary function was initially impaired but normalized within 1 week. Both light and scanning electron microscopy showed no permanent damage to the cilia. These results suggest that MMC can be used to delay closure of antrostomies in sinus surgery.
Nitroxide Paramagnet-Induced Para−Ortho Conversion and Nuclear Spin Relaxation of H2 in Organic Solvents (2008)

The kinetics of para-ortho conversion and nuclear spin relaxation of H 2 in chloroform- d 1 were investigated in the presence of nitroxides as paramagnetic catalysts. The back conversion from para-hydrogen ( p-H 2) to ortho-hydrogen ( o-H 2) was followed by NMR by recording the increase in the intensity of the signal of o-H 2 at regular intervals of time. The nitroxides proved to be hundreds of times more effective at inducing relaxation among the spin levels of o-H 2 than they are in bringing about transitions between p-H 2 and the levels of o-H 2. The value of the encounter distance d between H 2 and the paramagnetic molecule, calculated from the experimental bimolecular conversion rate constant k 0, using the Wigner theory of para-ortho conversion, agrees perfectly with that calculated from the experimental relaxivity R 1 using the force free diffusion theory of spin-lattice relaxation.
Intravenous Injection of Rabbit Apolipoprotein A-I Inhibits the Progression of Atherosclerosis in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits (1995)

The effects of intravenous injection of purified rabbit apoA-I on the progression of aortic atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits were examined. In experiment 1, 28 rabbits were equally divided into groups A and B and fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 90 days. For the last 30 days, group B received 40 mg apoA-I every week. The fatty streak lesions in group B (23.9 +/- 15.6%) were significantly suppressed compared with those in group A (46.0 +/- 24.9%) (P < .05). In experiment 2, 33 rabbits were divided into four groups (8 or 9 rabbits per group) and fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet. Group A was killed on day 105, while groups B, C, and D were maintained for an additional 60 days on a normal diet, during which time groups C and D received 1 mg apoA-I every other day or 40 mg apoA-I every week, respectively. The lesions in group C (70.2 +/- 15.4%) and group D (65.7 +/- 20.0%) were significantly suppressed compared with those in group B (86.2 +/- 13.7%) (P < .05) but were not reduced to the level of group A (50.0 +/- 22.9%). Although apparent regression was not observed under these conditions, the present study provided the first evidence for the antiatherogenic effect of homologous and apoA-I on the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
Epigenetic Silencing of miR-203 Upregulates SNAI2 and Contributes to the Invasiveness of Malignant Breast Cancer Cells (2011)

It has become increasingly clear that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Recently, miR-203 was reported as a suppressor microRNA often silenced in different malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, oral cancer, and hematopoietic malignancy, but little is known about its potential role in breast carcinogenesis. In this study, we found that in breast cancer, miR-203 was upregulated in primary tumors and some nonmetastatic cell lines but was significantly downregulated in metastatic cell lines including BT549, Hs578T, and MDA-MB-231, as measured by regular and real-time PCR. Downregulation of miR-203 in metastatic breast cancer cells appeared to be caused by hypermethylation of its promoter. Functionally, ectopic expression of miR-203 in BT549 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and inhibited cell invasion and migration in vitro. Bioinformatic analysis predicted the snail homolog 2 (SNAI2 or SLUG), a transcription factor that promotes cell invasion and tumor metastasis, as a target of miR-203, and the prediction was validated by expression analysis and luciferase reporter assay of the 3' untranslated region of SNAI2 that contains the miR-203 target sequences. These results suggest that in malignant breast cancer cells, miR-203 is epigenetically silenced, and the silencing promotes tumor cell growth and invasion at least in part by upregulating the SNAI2 transcription factor.
Specific DWI lesion patterns predict prognosis after acute ischaemic stroke within the MCA territory (2005)

The results of the present study indicate that the DWI lesion pattern may help in recognition of the likely differences in the early prognostic endpoints after ischaemic stroke, and DWI analysis may guide targeted interventions to prevent negative outcomes.
Immunostimulation of Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: In Vitro and Preliminary Clinical Experiences (1983)

The development of malignancy is theorized to be from failure of the immunosurveillance system. Prostaglandins (PGs), synthesized by a mononuclear cell, tumor cell, or both, enhance inhibition of competent cellular immunity. Ten patients with terminal squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with indomethacin, and inhibitor of PG synthesis. Two patients had a dramatic response; however, an in vitro assay and a derived-stimulation index did not correlate with the clinical response. A review of the literature and future directions are discussed.
Linear and Star-Branched Siloxy-Silane Polymers: One Pot A-B Polymerization and End-Capping (1992)

Abstract : Silane and siloxane polymers form an important family of commercial materials. They pose a unique combination of thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and segmental mobility which gives them low temperature flexibility and properties useful in demanding application where their high cost is justified. Recent reports of silicone dendrimers make available single-molecule structures which greatly extend these potential uses. We have developed an alternative approach to siloxy-silane hyperbranched polymers that uses an A-B3 monomer possessing one alkene moiety and three Si-H groups. Addition of a platinum hydrosilation catalyst leads to rapid formation of polymer with a high relative content of terminal Si-H groups that can be reacted (end-capped) with a variety of alkenes such as allyl phenyl ether and the allyl ether-monomethyl ether of oligooxyethylene.
Reversal of autism-like behaviors and metabolism in adult mice with single-dose antipurinergic therapy (2014)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) now affect 1-2% of the children born in the United States. Hundreds of genetic, metabolic and environmental factors are known to increase the risk of ASD. Similar factors are known to influence the risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; however, a unifying mechanistic explanation has remained elusive. Here we used the maternal immune activation (MIA) mouse model of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders to study the effects of a single dose of the antipurinergic drug suramin on the behavior and metabolism of adult animals. We found that disturbances in social behavior, novelty preference and metabolism are not permanent but are treatable with antipurinergic therapy (APT) in this model of ASD and schizophrenia. A single dose of suramin (20 mg kg(-1) intraperitoneally (i.p.)) given to 6-month-old adults restored normal social behavior, novelty preference and metabolism. Comprehensive metabolomic analysis identified purine metabolism as the key regulatory pathway. Correction of purine metabolism normalized 17 of 18 metabolic pathways that were disturbed in the MIA model. Two days after treatment, the suramin concentration in the plasma and brainstem was 7.64 μM pmol μl(-1) (±0.50) and 5.15 pmol mg(-1) (±0.49), respectively. These data show good uptake of suramin into the central nervous system at the level of the brainstem. Most of the improvements associated with APT were lost after 5 weeks of drug washout, consistent with the 1-week plasma half-life of suramin in mice. Our results show that purine metabolism is a master regulator of behavior and metabolism in the MIA model, and that single-dose APT with suramin acutely reverses these abnormalities, even in adults.
Expression of the blood-clotting factor-VIII cDNA is repressed by a transcriptional silencer located in its coding region (1995)

Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of factor-VIII procoagulant (fVIII) activity. The current treatment by frequent infusions of plasma-derived fVIII concentrates is very effective but has the risk of transmittance of blood-borne viruses (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], hepatitis viruses). Use of recombinant DNA-derived fVIII as well as gene therapy could make hemophilia treatment independent of blood-derived products. So far, the problematic production of the fVIII protein and the low titers of the fVIII retrovirus stocks have prevented preclinical trials of gene therapy for hemophilia A in large-animal models. We have initiated a study of the mechanisms that oppose efficient fVIII synthesis. We have established that fVIII cDNA contains sequences that dominantly inhibit its own expression from retroviral as well as from plasmid vectors. The inhibition is not caused by instability of the fVIII mRNA (t1/2, > or = 6 hours) but rather to repression at the level of transcription. A 305-bp fragment is identified that is involved in but not sufficient for repression. This fragment does not overlap the region recently identified by Lynch et al (Hum Gene Ther 4:259, 1993) as a dominant inhibitor of RNA accumulation. The repression is mediated by a cellular factor (or factors) and is independent of the orientation of the element in the transcription unit, giving the repressor element the hallmarks of a transcriptional silencer.
Early management of atrial fibrillation to prevent cardiovascular complications (2014)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is generally considered a progressive disease, typically evolving from paroxysmal through persistent to 'permanent' forms, a process attributed to electrical and structural remodelling related to both the underlying disease and AF itself. Medical treatment has yet to demonstrate clinical efficacy in preventing progression. Large clinical trials performed to date have failed to show benefit of rhythm control compared with rate control, but these trials primarily included patients at late stages in the disease process. One possible explanation is that intervention at only an early stage of progression may improve prognosis. Evolving observations about the progressive nature of AF, along with the occurrences of major complications such as strokes upon AF presentation, led to the notion that earlier and more active approaches to AF detection, rhythm-reversion, and maintenance of sinus rhythm may be a useful strategy in AF management. Approaches to early and sustained rhythm control include measures that prevent development of the AF substrate, earlier catheter ablation, and novel antiarrhythmic drugs. Improved classifications of AF mechanism, pathogenesis, and remodelling may be helpful to enable patient-specific pathophysiological diagnosis and therapy. Potential novel therapeutic options under development include microRNA-modulation, heatshock protein inducers, agents that influence Ca(2+) handling, vagal stimulators, and more aggressive mechanism-based ablation strategies. In this review, of research into the basis and management of AF in acute and early settings, it is proposed that progression from paroxysmal to persistent AF can be interrupted, with potentially favourable prognostic impact.
Effect of Zinc Ions on Synthesis of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2-Induced Polypeptides (1976)

SummaryTreatment of herpes simplex virus-infected cells with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) inhibited formation of virus progeny, but had little effect on virus DNA synthesis. Analysis of polypeptides synthesized in infected cells in the presence of ZnSO4 revealed a markedly reduced synthesis of virus-induced polypeptides.