gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A formalin inactivated whole SIVmac vaccine in Ribi adjuvant protects against homologous and heterologous SIV challenge (1992)

Eight monkeys were immunized at 0, 4, 9, and 18 weeks with a total of 2 mg of formalin inactivated SIVmac vaccine with Ribi adjuvant. Two weeks after the last booster four immunized monkeys and two controls were challenged with 10 MID50 of live homologous virus SIVmac, and the remaining four vaccinated animals along with two controls were challenged with the heterologous SIVsm strain. All eight vaccinated monkeys resisted the virus challenge, whereas all controls became infected. Three months after the first challenge the monkeys were rechallenged with the same virus strain, without further boosting. Two of four vaccinated monkeys were still resistant to the homologous SIV strain, and three of four monkeys were resistant to the heterologous SIVsm strain. This study demonstrates vaccine induced cross-protection between SIV strains.
Chimeric Lyssavirus Glycoproteins with Increased Immunological Potential (1999)

The rabies virus glycoprotein molecule (G) can be divided into two parts separated by a flexible hinge: the NH2 half (site II part) containing antigenic site II up to the linear region (amino acids [aa] 253 to 275 encompassing epitope VI [aa 264]) and the COOH half (site III part) containing antigenic site III and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. The structural and immunological roles of each part were investigated by cell transfection and mouse DNA-based immunization with homogeneous and chimeric G genes formed by fusion of the site II part of one genotype (GT) with the site III part of the same or another GT. Various site II-site III combinations between G genes of PV (Pasteur virus strain) rabies (GT1), Mokola (GT3), and EBL1 (European bat lyssavirus 1 [GT5]) viruses were tested. Plasmids pGPV-PV, pGMok-Mok, pGMok-PV, and pGEBL1-PV induced transient expression of correctly transported and folded antigens in neuroblastoma cells and virus-neutralizing antibodies against parental viruses in mice, whereas, pG-PVIII (site III part only) and pGPV-Mok did not. The site III part of PV (GT1) was a strong inducer of T helper cells and was very effective at presenting the site II part of various GTs. Both parts are required for correct folding and transport of chimeric G proteins which have a strong potential value for immunological studies and development of multivalent vaccines. Chimeric plasmid pGEBL1-PV broadens the spectrum of protection against European lyssavirus genotypes (GT1, GT5, and GT6).
The launching of surface waves on an axial-cylindrical reactive surface (1965)

The excitation of the dominant TM surface wave on an axial-cylindrical reactive surface is discussed. The surface wave launcher consists of a perfectly conducting, infinitely thin cylindrical surface of radius <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</tex> coxial with a cylindrical reactive surface of a radius <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</tex> where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b &gt; a</tex> . The reactive surface extends from <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-\infty &lt;z&lt;\infty</tex> , and the perfectly conducting surface extends from <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-\infty&lt;z\leq0</tex> . The incident field is the dominant TM mode in the coaxial portion of the structure propagating in the positive <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</tex> -direction. Numerical results are obtained for the reflected field, the surface wave field, and the radiation field. These results are then compared with the results that use two approximate aperture distributions. This method of excitation was very efficient over a large range of frequencies and over wide variations in the surface reactance.
ICOS-dependent extrafollicular helper T cells elicit IgG production via IL-21 in systemic autoimmunity (2008)

The role of specialized follicular helper T (T(FH)) cells in the germinal center has become well recognized, but it is less clear how effector T cells govern the extrafollicular response, the dominant pathway of high-affinity, isotype-switched autoantibody production in the MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) (MRL(lpr)) mouse model of lupus. MRL(lpr) mice lacking the Icos gene have impaired extrafollicular differentiation of immunoglobulin (Ig) G(+) plasma cells accompanied by defects in CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 4 expression, interleukin (IL) 21 secretion, and B cell helper function in CD4 T cells. These phenotypes reflect the selective loss of a population of T cells marked by down-regulation of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1; also known as CD162). PSGL-1(lo) T cells from MRL(lpr) mice express CXCR4, localize to extrafollicular sites, and uniquely mediate IgG production through IL-21 and CD40L. In other autoimmune strains, PSGL-1(lo) T cells are also abundant but may exhibit either a follicular or extrafollicular phenotype. Our findings define an anatomically distinct extrafollicular population of cells that regulates plasma cell differentiation in chronic autoimmunity, indicating that specialized humoral effector T cells akin to T(FH) cells can occur outside the follicle.
Asymmetric Electrical Properties of Corbino a-Si:H TFT and Concepts of Its Application to Flat Panel Displays (2007)

Inverted stagger hydrogenated-amorphous-silicon (a-Si:H) Corbino thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated with a five-photomask process used in the processing of the active-matrix liquid-crystal displays (AM-LCD). The authors show that the a-Si:H Corbino TFT has the asymmetric electrical characteristics under different drain-bias conditions. To accommodate for these differences when the electrical device parameters are extracted, the authors developed asymmetric geometric factors. The ON-OFF current ratio can be significantly enhanced by choosing the outer electrode as the drain, while the field-effect mobility and threshold voltage are identical when different drain-bias conditions are used. Finally, the authors developed concepts of its possible application to AM-LCDs and active-matrix organic light-emitting displays
Overview of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (2003)

The fission yeast S. pombe provides an attractive alternative system to budding yeast S. cerevisiae for studies of fundamental cell biology. Fission yeast is a particularly powerful model for studies of cell cycle, chromosome dynamics, and polarity. Other areas of study are also expanding. Conceptually similar genetic tools are available in both systems, and both organisms have completely sequenced genomes.
Antigen-binding specificities of antibodies are primarily determined by seven residues of VH. (1985)

Although the antigen-binding pocket of all antibodies consists of VL + VH dimers (where VL and VH represent immunoglobulin light and heavy chain regions, respectively), subgroups of their VH largely determine their antigen-binding specificities. This VH subgroup dependence automatically relegates subsidiary roles to VL as a whole and to the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR-3) of VH encoded by independent diversity (D) and joining (J) coding segments in determining antigen-binding specificities of individual antibodies. As a sequel to our previous paper, which emphasized the role conserved residues in CDR-1 and CDR-2 of VH play in general shaping of the primordial antigen-binding cavity, here we propose that the three short clusters of amino acid sequences in CDR-1 and CDR-2 that are placed in the immediate vicinity of the tryptophan loop primarily determine subgroup-dependent antigen preference of individual VH, therefore, antibodies. The three clusters are the 31st to 35th positions of CDR-1 and the 50th to 52nd and 58th to 60th positions of CDR-2. Of those, the 32nd, 34th, 51st, and 59th positions tend to be occupied by tyrosine, methionine, isoleucine, and tyrosine, respectively. Nevertheless, free amino acid substitutions at the remaining seven sites can generate 20(7) or 1.28 X 10(9) varieties of amino acid sequence combinations. Some of these astronomically numerous sequence combinations no doubt contribute to the maintenance of the vast repertoire of antigen-combining diversity, which might be as large as 10(7), whereas others serve to vary binding affinities toward the same antigen. Ironically, but not surprisingly, a single nonconservative amino acid substitution at one of these sites often suffices to change the antigen preference of VH from one to another, whereas more substitutions affecting two or more clusters are apparently required to change the binding affinity toward the same antigen. In the case of mouse anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies, the principle of VH subgroup dependence is violated, their VH belonging to either subgroup 1 or 3. It appears that the mouse genome lacks anti-p-azophenylarsonate germ line VH, residues of CDR-3 derived from one particular JH coding segment coming to rescue to cope with this unnatural man-made antigen.
3D Microscopy using Confocal Microscopy (1996)

The importance of confocal fluorescence microscopy in modem biological research results from its optical sectioning capability, which allows the three-dimensional analysis of thick specimens. This property is due to the combination of a point-like light source and a point-like detector, which restrict the illumination and detection volumes, respectively. Only the volume that is illuminated and detected is relevant to the confocal observation volume. The smaller it is, the better is the resolution. The performance of a confocal microscope is thus primarily specified by the spatial extent of the confocal point spread function (PSF). The extent can be estimated, e.g., by the volume enclosed by the isosurface at half maximum of the PSF (VHM – volume at half maximum). The relationship of the parameters that determine the lateral resolution of a microscope has been described by Ernst Abbé. The diameter of a light spot in the focal plane Δ x is proportional to the wavelength λ of the incident light and inversely proportional to the numerical aperture of the optical system ( N.A. = n, ∙ sin α).
ICE1: a regulator of cold-induced transcriptome and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis (2003)

Cold temperatures trigger the expression of the CBF family of transcription factors, which in turn activate many downstream genes that confer chilling and freezing tolerance to plants. We report here the identification of ICE1 (inducer of CBF expression 1), an upstream transcription factor that regulates the transcription of CBF genes in the cold. An Arabidopsis ice1 mutant was isolated in a screen for mutations that impair cold-induced transcription of a CBF3 promoter-luciferase reporter gene. The ice1 mutation blocks the expression of CBF3 and decreases the expression of many genes downstream of CBFs, which leads to a significant reduction in plant chilling and freezing tolerance. ICE1 encodes a MYC-like bHLH transcriptional activator. ICE1 binds specifically to the MYC recognition sequences in the CBF3 promoter. ICE1 is expressed constitutively, and its overexpression in wild-type plants enhances the expression of the CBF regulon in the cold and improves freezing tolerance of the transgenic plants.
The space of change Artists in the East End (1968)

Nick Green details the shift from industry to art in examining the origins of East London’s studio blocks Phenomena generate myths, and like any phenomenon, a mythology has grown up around the East End arts scene which clouds the facts, ignores the complexities and leans heavily upon over-simplification. That much, one might expect. More worrying is that the very process of creating the legend distorts the history, recent though it may be. An example: Butlers Wharf, on the south bank of the Thames, immediately East of Tower Bridge, has attached to its newly scrubbed yellow brickwork, one of those ubiquitous blue plaques, giving a one sentence synopsis of the building’s history. The wharf used to be spice warehouses, we are told, lay derelict for a while, and was then converted into shops and restaurants. What this sanitised version of events fails to mention is that Butlers Wharf lay derelict, or semi-derelict at least, for the best part of a decade, and that for several years in the 1970s, it was home to three
An advanced self-aligned BiCMOS technology for high performance 1-megabit ECL I/O SRAMs (2003)

An advanced self-aligned BiCMOS technology has been developed for high-performance 1-Mb ECL I/O SRAMs (emitter-coupled-logic input/output static RAMs). The 0.8 mu m technology features include an advanced, fully recessed oxide isolation, a silicided polysilicon local interconnect scheme, two levels of polysilicon, and two levels of metal with tungsten plugs. These process features combine to produce MOS gate delays in the 100-ps range and bipolar transistors with F/sub T/ of 15 GHz. The manufacturability of the technology has been demonstrated by the successful fabrication of a scaled 256 K ECL I/O SRAM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nanoscale Memory Elements Based on Solid-State Electrolytes (2005)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of nanoscale memory elements based on solid electrolytes. When combined with silver, chalcogenide glasses such as Se-rich Ge-Se are good solid electrolytes, exhibiting high Ag ion mobility and availability. By placing an anode that has oxidizable Ag and an inert cathode (e.g., Ni) in contact with a thin layer of such a material, a device is formed that has an intrinsically high resistance, but which can be switched to a low-resistance state at small voltage via reduction of the silver ions. An opposite bias will return the device to a high-resistance state, and this reversible switching effect is the basis of programmable metallization cell technology. In this paper, electron beam lithography was used to make sub-100-nm openings in polymethylmethacrylate layers used as the dielectric between the device electrodes. The solid electrolyte film was formed in these via-holes so that their small diameter defined the active switching area between the electrodes. The Ag-Ge-Se electrolyte was created by the photodiffusion, with or without thermal assistance, of an Ag layer into the Ge-Se base glass. Combined thermal and photodiffusion leads to a nanophase separated material with a dispersed Ag ion-rich material with an average crystallite size of 7.5 nm in a glassy insulating Ge-rich continuous phase. The nanoscale devices write at an applied bias as low as 0.2 V, erase by -0.5 V, and fall from over 10/sup 7/ /spl Omega/ to a low-resistance state (e.g., 10/sup 4/ /spl Omega/ for a 10-/spl mu/A programming current) in less than 100 ns. Cycling appears excellent with projected endurance well beyond 10/sup 11/ cycles.
RhoA-Dependent Phosphorylation and Relocalization of ERM Proteins into Apical Membrane/Actin Protrusions in Fibroblasts (1998)

The ERM proteins (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) are a group of band 4. 1-related proteins that are proposed to function as membrane/cytoskeletal linkers. Previous biochemical studies have implicated RhoA in regulating the association of ERM proteins with their membrane targets. However, the specific effect and mechanism of action of this regulation is unclear. We show that lysophosphatidic acid stimulation of serum-starved NIH3T3 cells resulted in relocalization of radixin into apical membrane/actin protrusions, which was blocked by inactivation of Rho by C3 transferase. An activated allele of RhoA, but not Rac or CDC42Hs, was sufficient to induce apical membrane/actin protrusions and localize radixin or moesin into these structures in both Rat1 and NIH3T3 cells. Lysophosphatidic acid treatment led to phosphorylation of radixin preceding its redistribution into apical protrusions. Significantly, cotransfection of RhoAV14 or C3 transferase with radixin and moesin revealed that RhoA activity is necessary and sufficient for their phosphorylation. These findings reveal a novel function of RhoA in reorganizing the apical actin cytoskeleton and suggest that this function may be mediated through phosphorylation of ERM proteins.
Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Diagnosis of Bordetella Infections (2005)

The global epidemiology of pertussis has recently been reviewed (12, 15). Bordetella pertussis continues to circulate even in populations where high vaccination coverage of infants and children is achieved (15, 23), because the protection after natural infection wanes after 10 to 15 years and protection after vaccination lasts for 6 to 10 years (15). A significant increase of pertussis cases was observed in the United States, in Europe, and in other countries with high vaccination coverage, making pertussis a reemerging disease. Transmission of the disease in highly vaccinated populations occurs mainly from adolescents and adults to infants or among older vaccinated children, adolescents, and adults (15). Thus, most cases of pertussis are now observed in unvaccinated infants, older schoolchildren, adolescents, and adults. In outbreak situations asymptomatic carriage has been observed in up to ∼50% (12).
Interfacial Phase Transition of an Environmentally Responsive Elastin Biopolymer Adsorbed on Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles Studied by Colloidal Surface Plasmon Resonance (2001)

The change in optical properties of colloidal gold upon aggregation has been used to develop an experimentally convenient colorimetric method to study the interfacial phase transition of an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), a thermally responsive biopolymer. Gold nanoparticles, functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of mercaptoundecanoic acid onto which an ELP was adsorbed, exhibit a characteristic red color due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of individual colloids. Raising the solution temperature from 10 degrees C to 40 degrees C thermally triggered the hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic phase transition of the adsorbed ELP resulting in formation of large aggregates due to interparticle hydrophobic interaction. Formation of large aggregates caused a change in color of the colloidal suspension from red to violet due to coupling of surface plasmons in aggregated colloids. The surface phase transition of the ELP was reversible, as seen from the reversible change in color upon cooling the suspension to 10 degrees C. The formation of colloidal aggregates due to the interfacial phase transition of adsorbed ELP was independently verified by dynamic light scattering of ELP-modified gold colloids as a function of temperature. Colloidal SPR provides a simple and convenient colorimetric method to study the influence of the solution environment, interfacial properties, and grafting method on the transition properties of ELPs and other environmentally responsive polymers at the solid-water interface.
Long-term benefit of Microbiota Transfer Therapy on autism symptoms and gut microbiota (2019)

Many studies have reported abnormal gut microbiota in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), suggesting a link between gut microbiome and autism-like behaviors. Modifying the gut microbiome is a potential route to improve gastrointestinal (GI) and behavioral symptoms in children with ASD, and fecal microbiota transplant could transform the dysbiotic gut microbiome toward a healthy one by delivering a large number of commensal microbes from a healthy donor. We previously performed an open-label trial of Microbiota Transfer Therapy (MTT) that combined antibiotics, a bowel cleanse, a stomach-acid suppressant, and fecal microbiota transplant, and observed significant improvements in GI symptoms, autism-related symptoms, and gut microbiota. Here, we report on a follow-up with the same 18 participants two years after treatment was completed. Notably, most improvements in GI symptoms were maintained, and autism-related symptoms improved even more after the end of treatment. Important changes in gut microbiota at the end of treatment remained at follow-up, including significant increases in bacterial diversity and relative abundances of Bifidobacteria and Prevotella. Our observations demonstrate the long-term safety and efficacy of MTT as a potential therapy to treat children with ASD who have GI problems, and warrant a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in the future.
A Real-Time QCM-D Approach to Monitoring Mammalian DNA Damage Using DNA Adsorbed to a Polyelectrolyte Surface (2007)

We have successfully demonstrated that the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) can be used to monitor real-time damage to genomic mammalian DNA adsorbed to a polyelectrolyte surface. To reveal the capabilities of this technique, we exposed DNA surfaces to quercetin, an agent that has been implicated in causing DNA strand breaks in a Cu(II)-dependent fashion in vitro. We show that the QCM-D frequency and dissipation patterns that result from exposure of the DNA surfaces to quercetin-Cu(II) are consistent with the induction of DNA strand scission. We use QCM-D to furthermore demonstrate that this process is dependent on Cu(II) and that the DNA damage induced by quercetin can still be detected if Cu(II) is in situ with the DNA surface and not in solution phase.
Photonic bands: simple-cubic lattice (1993)

Photonic band structures have been calculated for various structures with the periodicity of the simple-cubic lattice. Band gaps have been found, and the conditions for the appearances of such gaps are discussed. The effective long-wavelength dielectric constant is calculated and compared with the predictions of effective-medium and Maxwell–Garnett theories.
Phase II trials of small-cell lung cancer. (1992)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1992.10.8.1369 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 1321895 Phase II trials of small-cell lung cancer. E L KornxE L KornSearch for articles by this author , R SimonxR SimonSearch for articles by this author , M A FriedmanxM A FriedmanSearch for articles by this author , T D MoorexT D MooreSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1992.10.8.1369 PDF "Phase II trials of small-cell lung cancer.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10(8), pp. 1369–1370© 1992 by American Society of Clinical Oncology