gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress toward an experiment to study the effect of RF grounding in an internal ion source on axial oscillations of the beam in a cyclotron (2001)

For practical reasons, the chimney of a cyclotron’s internal ion source often has RF grounds at only one end, despite the desire for an axially symmetric electric field throughout the cyclotron. It is generally impractical or impossible to measure the shape of the electric fields around the chimney, but one of the authors (H. Blosser of Michigan State University) has observed that in three cyclotrons of similar design built at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, the machine with the least axial oscillation of the beam was the only one designed with median plane symmetry in its RF grounding. Based on this he suggests that RF currents in an asymmetrically grounded chimney give the beam an initial vertical kick which starts a coherent oscillation about the median plane. This hypothesis is being tested in the Ion Beam Applications C235 proton therapy cyclotron which uses an internal hot-cathode PIG ion source that is normally grounded only at the bottom. The test uses an insert which can be temporarily installed in the upper yoke hole of the cyclotron in order to make an RF grounding connection to the top of the chimney. A scintillation probe is then used to study the axial beam position on successive turns with and without the symmetric RF grounding.
Antioxidant Activity of Various Tea Extracts in Relation to Their Antimutagenicity (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntioxidant Activity of Various Tea Extracts in Relation to Their AntimutagenicityGow-Chin Yen and Hui-Yin ChenCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 1, 27–32Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00049a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00049a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5173Altmetric-Citations1716LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Control of fetal survival in CBA × DBA/2 mice by lymphokine therapy (1990)

In this study, we examined the effect of injecting various cytokines. We report here that tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, gamma-interferon and interleukin 2 (IL-2) can, in some circumstances, increase fetal resorption rates in abortion-prone (CBA/J x DBA/2) and non-abortion prone (CBA/J x BALB/c,C3H x DBA/2) matings: 1000 units TNF enhanced resorptions from 43 to 79% in CBA x DBA/2, from 7 to 89% in CBA x BALB/c, from 5 to 47% in C3H x DBA/2. The effect was both gestational age- and dose-dependent. Gamma interferon and R-IL-2 enhanced resorptions from 38 to 68% and 76% respectively in the CBA/J x DBA/2 mating combination, whereas the rates in CBA/J x BALB/c matings were enhanced from 6 to 44% and 55%. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is known to lead to the release of TNF-alpha, had a similar effect, leading to gestational age- and dose-dependent enhancement of resorptions up to 100%. However, cytokines of the CSF family, including IL-3 and GM-CSF, increased the chances of fetal survival when injected into abortion-prone mice, e.g. reducing resorption rates in the abortion-prone CBA/J x DBA/2 mating combination from 55 to 22% (IL-3), and 47 to 8% (GM-CSF). They also increased fetal and placental weight and, in particular, expanded the spongiotrophoblast zone in the placenta. The latter observations may be due to a direct trophic influence on placental cells, perhaps through a cytokine cascade, or an indirect effect due to inhibition of natural killer (NK)-like cells, or both. Whatever the mechanism, these results may find practical application in influencing reproductive outcome in women and other species.
Multivalent Virus-Like–Particle Vaccine Protects Against Classic and Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses (2013)

Nucleotide sequences that encode the pVP2 proteins from a variant infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) strain designated USA08MD34p and a classic IBDV strain designated Mo195 were produced with the use of reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cloned into a pGEM-T Easy vector. A nucleotide sequence that encodes the VP3 protein was also produced from the USA08MD34p viral genome with the use of RT-PCR and cloned into a pGEM-T Easy vector. The VP3 and pVP2 clones were inserted into the pVL1393 baculovirus transfer vector and sequenced to confirm their orientation to the promoter and to ensure they contained uninterrupted open reading frames. Recombinant baculoviruses were constructed by transfection in Sf9 cells. Three recombinant baculoviruses were produced and contained the USA08MD34p-VP3, USA08MD34p-pVP2, or Mo195-pVP2 genomic sequences. Virus-like particles (VLPs) were observed with the use of transmission electron microscopy when the USA08MD34p-VP3 baculovirus was co-inoculated into Sf9 cells with either of the pVP2 constructs. VLPs were also observed when the USA08MD34p-pVP2 and Mo195-pVP2 were coexpressed with USA08MD34p-VP3. These multivalent VLPs contained both classic and variant pVP2 molecules. Stability tests demonstrated the VLPs were stable at 4 and 24 C for 8 wk. The USA08MD34p, Mo195, and multivalent VLPs were used to vaccinate chickens. They induced an IBDV-specific antibody response that was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and virus-neutralizing antibodies were detected in vitro. Chickens vaccinated with the multivalent VLPs were protected from a virulent variant IBDV strain (V1) and a virulent classic IBDV strain (STC). The results indicate the multivalent VLPs maintained the antigenic integrity of the variant and classic viruses and have the potential to serve as a multivalent vaccine for use in breeder-flock vaccination programs.
Formation of Supported Phospholipid Bilayers from Unilamellar Vesicles Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (2000)

Since their introduction through the work of McConnell et al. in the early 80s, supported phospholipid bilayers (SPBs) have proven to be a versatile model system for investigating a wide variety of phenomena. Despite their continuous application in fundamental as well as applied research fields, the mechanism by which SPBs are formed from suspensions of unilamellar vesicles remains poorly understood. Utilizing the ability of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate processes in situ and in real time, we have studied the early stages of SPB formation on mica. Unilamellar vesicles of various sizes, composed of zwitterionic phospholipids, were prepared by sonication or extrusion. Vesicles of all sizes investigated were found to adsorb to mica. Unruptured vesicles forming supported vesicular layers (SVLs), as well as disks, formed as a result of vesicle rupture, could be visualized by AFM. The behavior of the SVLs was found to depend on the vesicle size, the lipid concentration, and the presence or absence of Ca2+. The picture of the mechanism of SPB formation, which emerges from the results presented in this report, is critically compared with theoretical predictions and experimental results reported to date.
Focus on Ziprasidone (2001)

Ziprasidone is a new antipsychotic with combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity. The initial evidence suggests an effective dosage range of 80-160 mg/day. Clinical trials suggest that the drug is an effective antipsychotic in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder with a beneficial effect on negative symptoms and symptoms of depression. The main adverse effects appear to be somnolence (14%) and nausea (10%). Ziprasidone has relatively fewer side-effects and yet has at least equivalent efficacy for florid 'positive' symptoms compared with conventional antipsychotics. The additional serotonergic actions deliver further efficacy against 'negative' and affective symptoms of schizophrenia. Reduced effects on cognitive abilities compared to conventional antipsychotics make ziprasidone more attractive still. Barring any unforeseen complications, it appears to a most valuable addition to the antipsychotic agents.
The C-terminal domain of 72 kDa gelatinase A is not required for catalysis, but is essential for membrane activation and modulates interactions with tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (1992)

Recombinant 72 kDa gelatinase A and a truncated form lacking the C-terminal domain were shown to be activated by organomercurials and to possess similar activities towards a number of substrates. The truncated proenzyme differed from the full-length gelatinase in that it could not be activated by a membrane activator and did not bind tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2. Kinetic studies also showed that the inhibition of the activated truncated enzyme, by both TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, was considerably decreased compared with the full-length enzyme. We conclude that the C-terminal domain plays an important role in the regulation of gelatinase A by a potential physiological activator and inhibitors.
Cyanylation of sulfhydryl groups by 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid. High-yield modification and cleavage of peptides at cysteine residues (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyanylation of sulfhydryl groups by 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid. High-yield modification and cleavage of peptides at cysteine residuesY. Degani and A. PatchornikCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 1, 1–11Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00698a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00698a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1427Altmetric-Citations180LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Long-chain acyl-CoA esters as indicators of lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in rat and human muscle (2000)

Long-chain acyl-CoAs (LCACoA) are an activated lipid species that are key metabolites in lipid metabolism; they also have a role in the regulation of other cellular processes. However, few studies have linked LCACoA content in rat and human muscle to changes in nutritional status and insulin action. Fasting rats for 18 h significantly elevated the three major LCACoA species in muscle (P < 0.001), whereas high-fat feeding of rats with a safflower oil (18:2) diet produced insulin resistance and increased total LCACoA content (P < 0.0001) by specifically increasing 18:2-CoA. The LCACoA content of red muscle from rats (4-8 nmol/g) was 4- to 10-fold higher than adipose tissue (0.4-0.9 nmol/g, P < 0.001), suggesting that any contamination of muscle samples with adipocytes would contribute little to the LCACoA content of muscle. In humans, the LCACoA content of muscle correlated significantly with a measure of whole body insulin action in 17 male subjects (r(2) = 0.34, P = 0.01), supporting a link between muscle lipid metabolism and insulin action. These results demonstrate that the LCACoA pool reflects lipid metabolism and nutritional state in muscle. We conclude that the LCACoA content of muscle provides a direct index of intracellular lipid metabolism and its links to insulin action, which, unlike triglyceride content, is not subject to contamination by closely associated adipose tissue.
Human ACE and bradykinin B 2 receptors form a complex at the plasma membrane (2006)

To investigate how angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors enhance the actions of bradykinin (BK) on B2 receptors independent of blocking BK inactivation, we expressed human somatic ACE and B2 receptors in CHO cells. Bradykinin and its ACE-resistant analog were the receptor agonists. B2 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and ACE were coprecipitated with antisera to GFP or ACE shown in Western blots. Immunohistochemistry of fixed cells localized ACE by red color and B2-GFP by green. Yellow on plasma membranes of coexpressing cells also indicated enzyme-receptor complex formation. Using ACE-fused cyan fluorescent protein donor and B2-fused yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) acceptor, we registered fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) by the enhanced fluorescence of donor on acceptor photobleaching, establishing close (within 10 nm) positions of B2 receptors and ACE. Bradykinin stimulation cointernalized ACE and B2 receptors. We expressed ACE fused to N terminus of B2 receptors, anchoring only receptors to plasma membranes. Here, in contrast to cells, where both ACE and B2 receptors are separately anchored, ACE inhibitors neither enhance activation of chimeric B2 nor resensitize desensitized B2 receptors. Heterodimer formation between ACE and B2 receptors can be a mechanism for ACE inhibitors to augment kinin activity at cellular level.
Activity-Dependent Dynamic Microtubule Invasion of Dendritic Spines (2008)

Dendritic spines are the primary sites of contact with presynaptic axons on excitatory hippocampal and cortical neurons. During development and plasticity spines undergo marked changes in structure that directly affect the functional communication between neurons. Elucidating the cytoskeletal events that induce these structural changes is fundamental to understanding synaptic biology. Actin plays a central role in the spine cytoskeleton, however the role of microtubules in spine function has been studied little. Although microtubules have a prominent role in transporting material throughout the dendrite that is destined for spines, they are not thought to directly influence spine structure or function. Using total internal reflectance fluorescent microscopy we discovered that microtubules rapidly invade dendritic protrusions of mature CNS neurons (up to 63 d in vitro), occasionally being associated with marked changes in spine morphology in the form of transient spine head protrusions (tSHPs). Two microtubules can occupy a spine simultaneously and microtubule targeting can occur from both the proximal and distal dendrite. A small percentage of spines are targeted at a time and all targeting events are transient, averaging only a few minutes. Nevertheless, over time many spines on a dendrite are targeted by microtubules. Importantly, we show that increasing neuronal activity enhances both the number of spines invaded by microtubules and the duration of these invasions. This study provides new insight into the dynamics of the neuronal cytoskeleton in mature CNS neurons and suggests that microtubules play an important, direct role in spine morphology and function.
Immunofluorescence signal amplification by the enzyme-catalyzed deposition of a fluorescent reporter substrate (CARD) (1996)

Progress has been made in improving the immunohistochemical detection of antigens for imaging and flow cytometry. We report the synthesis of a novel fluorescent horseradish peroxidase substrate, Cy3.29-tyramide, and its application in an enzyme-based signal amplification system, catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD). The catalyzed deposition of Cy3.29-tyramide was used to detect cell surface markers such as CD8 and CD25 on tonsil tissue and human lymphocytes. We compared the fluorescence CARD method to standard indirect immunofluorescence detection methods and found that an amplification of up to 15-fold was possible with CARD. The detection of the intracellular protein myosin II in fibroblastic cells and rabbit serum proteins blotted onto nitrocellulose was also improved. Thus, fluorescent CARD is a simple modification that can be made to standard immunofluorescence staining protocols to enhance significantly the detection of antigens.
CD28 costimulation prevents cell death during primary T cell activation (1996)

CD28 has been demonstrated to play an important role in augmenting T cell proliferation and effector function. Costimulation through CD28 has also been reported to enhance human T cell survival. in this report, we have further investigated the role of CD28 in regulating T cell survival by comparing the survival characteristics of T cells from wild-type and CD28-deficient mice. CD28 costimulation of anti-CD3-activated cells augmented the viability of T cells from wild-type but not from CD28-deficient mice. CTLA4Ig treatment reduced wild-type T cell viability to a level comparable with CD28-deficient T cells. The ability of CD28 to enhance survival during T cell activation correlated positively with its ability to up-regulate the protein product of the cell survival gene bcl-xL. No differences in the expression of either Bcl-2 or Fas were observed between wild-type and CD28-deficient T cells. The CD28-dependent enhancement of cell survival during in vitro activation was found to be independent of Fas expression, as CD28 costimulation enhanced T cell survival to comparable levels in both wild-type and lpr animals. Cell death in CD28-deficient animals and in wild-type animals treated with CTLA4Ig displayed the morphologic characteristics of apoptosis. Additionally, inhibitors of ICE proteases could reverse cell death induced by TCR engagement in the absence of CD28 costimulation. Thus, CD28 costimulation not only enhances the proliferative expansion of cells activated through the TCR but also increases the likelihood that individual cells survive during T cell activation.
The Akt Inhibitor MK2206 Synergizes, but Perifosine Antagonizes, the BRAF V600E Inhibitor PLX4032 and the MEK1/2 Inhibitor AZD6244 in the Inhibition of Thyroid Cancer Cells (2011)

We demonstrated, unexpectedly, opposite outcomes of MK2206 and perifosine in their combinational treatments with BRAF(V600E)/MEK inhibitors in thyroid cancer cells. The data may help appropriate selection of these prominent drugs for clinical trials of combination therapies for thyroid cancer.
Activation of the Ki-ras protooncogene in spontaneously occurring and chemically induced lung tumors of the strain A mouse. (1989)

The strain A mouse has a high incidence of spontaneous lung tumors and is susceptible to lung tumor induction by chemical carcinogens. By utilizing transfection assay, Southern blot analysis, and DNA amplification techniques, we have detected an activated Ki-ras gene in the DNAs of both spontaneously occurring and chemically induced lung tumors of strain A mice. The point mutations in the spontaneous lung tumors were in both codon 12 (60%) and codon 61 (30%). In contrast, 100% of the mutations in the Ki-ras gene detected in methylnitrosourea-induced lung tumors and 93% of the mutations in the Ki-ras genes detected in benzo[a]pyrene-induced lung tumors were in codon 12, whereas 90% of the mutations in the Ki-ras genes detected in ethyl carbamate-induced lung tumors were in codon 61. The selectivity of mutations in the Ki-ras oncogene observed in chemically induced tumors, as compared to spontaneous tumors, suggests that these chemicals directly induce point mutations in the Ki-ras protooncogene. These data indicate that the strain A mouse lung tumor model is a very sensitive system to detect the ability of chemicals to activate the Ki-ras protooncogene in lung tissue.
An Integrated Instance‐Based Learning Algorithm (2000)

The basic nearest‐neighbor rule generalizes well in many domains but has several shortcomings, including inappropriate distance functions, large storage requirements, slow execution time, sensitivity to noise, and an inability to adjust its decision boundaries after storing the training data. This paper proposes methods for overcoming each of these weaknesses and combines the methods into a comprehensive learning system called the Integrated Decremental Instance‐Based Learning Algorithm (IDIBL) that seeks to reduce storage, improve execution speed, and increase generalization accuracy, when compared to the basic nearest neighbor algorithm and other learning models. IDIBL tunes its own parameters using a new measure of fitness that combines confidence and cross‐validation accuracy in order to avoid discretization problems with more traditional leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. In our experiments IDIBL achieves higher generalization accuracy than other less comprehensive instance‐based learning algorithms, while requiring less than one‐fourth the storage of the nearest neighbor algorithm and improving execution speed by a corresponding factor. In experiments on twenty‐one data sets, IDIBL also achieves higher generalization accuracy than that reported for sixteen major machine learning and neural network models.
Pro Java 6 3D Game Development: Java 3D, JOGL, JInput and JOAL APIs (2007)

"Create strange lands filled with mysterious objects (cows frozen in blocks of ice, chirping penguins, golden globes with wavering eyes) and throw away your keyboard and mouse, to go exploring armed only with a gamepad, power glove, or just your bare hands ... Java gaming expert Andrew Davison will show you how to develop and program 3D games in Java technology on a PC, with an emphasis on the construction of 3D landscapes. It's assumed you have a reasonable knowledge of Java - the sort of thing picked up in a first Java course at school. Topics are split into three sections: Java 3D API, non-standard input devices for game playing, and JOGL. Java 3D is a high-level 3D graphics API, and JOGL is a lower-level Java wrapper around the popular OpenGL graphics API. Youll look at three non-standard input devices: the webcam, the game pad, and the P5 data glove. Along the way, youll utilize several other games-related libraries including: JInput, JOAL, JMF, and Odejava. Learn all the latest Java SE 6 features relevant to gaming, including: splash screens, JavaScript scripting as well as the desktop and system tray interfaces. Unique coverage of Java game development using both the Java 3D API and Java for OpenGL, as well as invaluable experience from a recognized Java gaming guru, will provide you with a distinct advantage after reading this book." - publishers description.