gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Host immune response evasion strategies in Ornithodoros erraticus and O. moubata and their relationship to the development of an antiargasid vaccine (1997)

We analysed in mice why the salivary gland extract (SGE-2) from Ornithodoros erraticus and O. moubata induce a protective response with Freund's adjuvants (FAs) in swine while the saliva, in natural conditions, does not. Such protection has been ascribed to the fact that administration of SGE-2 plus FAs permits the recognition of certain salivary components that under natural conditions are not immunogenic. The present findings confirm this hypothesis since in mice, which are unable to recognize the above components, the SGE-2-FAs do not induce any protection. We rule out the possibility that the cause of this could lie in the absence of prostaglandin E2 in the SGE-2 (vs saliva) since it is not present in either fluid. Neither could it be due to a change in antibody isotype since those induced by parasites bites and by the SGE-2-FAs are the same (IgG2a > IgG1 > IgG2b; not IgG3, IgM, IgE). No IgG2a were seen when the SGE-2 were administered alone or with alum or ricin. It is therefore suggested that first responses would be Th1 and the second ones Th2, although no IgE is seen in the latter responses either. The parasites do not require complement to feed; by contrast, they block its activation and skin cellular infiltrates, such as those elicited by IL-8, MCP-1 and C5a, do not affect them, regardless of the presence or not of antitick antibodies.
Migrating IN towards TINA (2002)

The term migration is first explained. Some assumptions for migration from intelligent networks (INs) to the Telecommunications Information Network Architecture (TINA) are discussed and starting points set. Some technical aspects are then discussed with respect to possible migration scenarios. Two migration scenarios are presented and discussed in detail. For the first scenario a service example is given to highlight how interworking between the IN part and the TINA part of the scenario proceeds.
Sweet Sixteen for ANLS (2011)

Since its introduction 16 years ago, the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) model has profoundly modified our understanding of neuroenergetics by bringing a cellular and molecular resolution. Praised or disputed, the concept has never ceased to attract attention, leading to critical advances and unexpected insights. Here, we summarize recent experimental evidence further supporting the main tenets of the model. Thus, evidence for distinct metabolic phenotypes between neurons (mainly oxidative) and astrocytes (mainly glycolytic) have been provided by genomics and classical metabolic approaches. Moreover, it has become clear that astrocytes act as a syncytium to distribute energy substrates such as lactate to active neurones. Glycogen, the main energy reserve located in astrocytes, is used as a lactate source to sustain glutamatergic neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Lactate is also emerging as a neuroprotective agent as well as a key signal to regulate blood flow. Characterization of monocarboxylate transporter regulation indicates a possible involvement in synaptic plasticity and memory. Finally, several modeling studies captured the implications of such findings for many brain functions. The ANLS model now represents a useful, experimentally based framework to better understand the coupling between neuronal activity and energetics as it relates to neuronal plasticity, neurodegeneration, and functional brain imaging.
North American and European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses differ in non-structural protein coding regions. (1999)

Although North American and European serotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are recognized, only the genome of the European Lelystad strain (LV) has been sequenced completely. Here, the genome of the pathogenic North American PRRSV isolate 16244B has been sequenced and compared with LV. The genomic organization of 16244B was the same as LV but with only 63.4% nucleotide identity. The 189 nucleotide 5' non-coding region (NCR) of 16244B was distinct from the LV NCR, with good conservation (83%) only over a 43 base region immediately upstream of open reading frame (ORF) 1a. Major differences were found in the region encoding the non-structural part of the ORF1a polyprotein, which shared only 47% amino acid identity over 2503 residues of the six non-structural proteins (Nsps) encoded. Nsp2, thought to have a species-specific function, showed the greatest divergence, sharing only 32% amino acid identity with LV and containing 120 additional amino acids in the central region. Nsps encoded by the 5'-proximal and central regions of ORF1b had from 66 to 75% amino acid identity; however, the carboxy-terminal protein CP4 was distinct (42% identity). The ORF 1a-1b frameshift region of 16244B had 98% nucleotide identity with LV. Consistent with previous reports for North American isolates, the six structural proteins encoded were 58 to 79% identical to LV proteins. The 3' NCR (150 nucleotides) was 76% identical between isolates. These genomic differences confirm the presence of distinct North American and European PRRSV genotypes.
Quantitative DNA Methylation Analysis of FOXP3 as a New Method for Counting Regulatory T Cells in Peripheral Blood and Solid Tissue (2009)

Regulatory T-cells (Treg) have been the focus of immunologic research due to their role in establishing tolerance for harmless antigens versus allowing immune responses against foes. Increased Treg frequencies measured by mRNA expression or protein synthesis of the Treg marker FOXP3 were found in various cancers, indicating that dysregulation of Treg levels contributes to tumor establishment. Furthermore, they constitute a key target of immunomodulatory therapies in cancer as well as transplantation settings. One core obstacle for understanding the role of Treg, thus far, is the inability of FOXP3 mRNA or protein detection methods to differentiate between Treg and activated T cells. These difficulties are aggravated by the technical demands of sample logistics and processing. Based on Treg-specific DNA demethylation within the FOXP3 locus, we present a novel method for monitoring Treg in human peripheral blood and solid tissues. We found that Treg numbers are significantly increased in the peripheral blood of patients with interleukin 2-treated melanoma and in formalin-fixed tissue from patients with lung and colon carcinomas. Conversely, we show that immunosuppressive therapy including therapeutic antibodies leads to a significant reduction of Treg from the peripheral blood of transplantation patients. In addition, Treg numbers are predictively elevated in the peripheral blood of patients with various solid tumors. Although our data generally correspond to data obtained with gene expression and protein-based methods, the results are less fluctuating and more specific to Treg. The assay presented here measures Treg robustly in blood and solid tissues regardless of conservation levels, promising fast screening of Treg in various clinical settings.
A robust adaptive beamformer for microphone arrays with a blocking matrix using constrained adaptive filters (1999)

This paper proposes a new robust adaptive beamformer applicable to microphone arrays. The proposed beamformer is a generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) with a new adaptive blocking matrix using coefficient-constrained adaptive filters (CCAFs) and a multiple-input canceller with norm-constrained adaptive filters (NCAFs). The CCAFs minimize leakage of the target-signal into the interference path of the GSC. Each coefficient of the CCAFs is constrained to avoid mistracking. The input signal to all the CCAFs is the output of a fixed beamformer. In the multiple-input canceller, the NCAFs prevent undesirable target-signal cancellation when the target-signal minimization at the blocking matrix is incomplete. The proposed beamformer is shown to be robust to target-direction errors as large as 200 with almost no degradation in interference-reduction performance, and it can be implemented with several microphones. The maximum allowable target-direction error can be specified by the user. Simulated anechoic experiments demonstrate that the proposed beamformer cancels interference by over 30 dB. Simulation with real acoustic data captured in a room with 0.3-s reverberation time shows that the noise is suppressed by 19 dB. In subjective evaluation, the proposed beamformer obtains 3.8 on a five-point mean opinion score scale, which is 1.0 point higher than the conventional robust beamformer.
A store-and-forward architecture for video-on-demand service (1993)

The authors present store-and-forward architecture that can provide video-on-demand (VOD), as well as other data-based services. They assume a B-ISDN network to be in place. The four major elements in this architecture are the information provider warehouse (IPw) where video material is archived; the central office (CO) server which contains a processor responsible for the service management and a video buffer that interacts directly with network customers; and, finally, the customer premise equipment. A requested video program is provided in a real-time fashion from the CO server to the customer. However, at the information provider, the video program is retrieved from the archival storage in blocks, and with transfer rates much faster than real time. Subsequently, it is sent in a bursty mode to the CO servers via high-speed trunks.
Molecular Cloning and Structural Characterization of the Arg-gingipain Proteinase of Porphyromonas gingivalis (1995)

The identification of proteinases of Porphyromonas gingivalis that act as virulence factors in periodontal disease has important implications in the study of host-pathogen interactions as well as in the discovery of potential therapeutic and immunoprophylactic agents. We have cloned and characterized a gene that encodes the 50-kDa cysteine proteinase gingipain or Arg-gingipain-1 (RGP-1) described previously (Chen, Z., Potempa, J., Polanowski, A., Wikstrom, M., and Travis, J. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 18896-18901). Analysis of the amino acid sequence of RGP-1 deduced from the cloned DNA sequence showed that the biosynthesis of this proteinase involves processing of a polyprotein that contains multiple adhesin molecules located at its carboxyl terminus. This finding corroborates previous evidence (Pike R., McGraw, W., Potempa, J., and Travis, J. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 406-411) that RGP-1 is closely associated with adhesin molecules, and that high molecular weight forms of the proteinase are involved in the binding of erythrocytes.
Raf-induced MMP9 disrupts tissue architecture of human breast cells in three-dimensional culture and is necessary for tumor growth in vivo (2010)

Organization into polarized three-dimensional structures defines whether epithelial cells are normal or malignant. In a model of morphogenesis, we show that inhibiting key signaling pathways in human breast cancer cells leads to "phenotypic reversion" of the malignant cells. Using architecture as an endpoint, we report that, in all cases, signaling through Raf/MEK/ERK disrupted tissue polarity via matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP9) activity. Induction of Raf or activation of an engineered, functionally inducible MMP9 in nonmalignant cells led to loss of tissue polarity, and reinitiated proliferation. Conversely, inhibition of Raf or MMP9 with small molecule inhibitors or shRNAs restored the ability of cancer cells to form polarized quiescent structures. Silencing MMP9 expression also reduced tumor growth dramatically in a murine xenograft model. LC-MS/MS analysis comparing conditioned medium from nonmalignant cells with or without active MMP9 revealed laminin 111 (LM1) as an important target of MMP9. LM1 has been implicated in acinar morphogenesis; thus, its degradation by MMP9 provides a mechanism for loss of tissue polarity and reinitiation of growth associated with MMP9 activity. These findings underscore the importance of the dynamic reciprocity between the extracellular matrix integrity, tissue polarity, and Raf/MEK/ERK and MMP9 activities, providing an axis for either tissue homeostasis or malignant progression.
Screening for Prostate Cancer (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We commend Dr Krahn and colleagues<sup>1</sup>for their outstanding decision analysis on screening for prostate cancer. They collected and effectively used available literature for a sophisticated Markov model analysis. Despite the use of an artificial one-time screening scenario, their evaluation avoids the bias evident in the accompanying Editorial.<sup>2</sup> The authors provide recommendations regarding PSA and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), but fail to address the role of DRE. Available literature provides no evidence supporting DRE as a screening test for prostate cancer or colorectal cancer. While the authors appear to include DRE in their conclusion "screening for prostate cancer cannot be justified as a rational health policy,"1 they leave DRE out of their recommendation that "asymptomatic men not be screened with PSA or TRUS."<sup>1</sup>Their data support not screening with DRE. The article and Editorial<sup>2</sup>illustrate a difference between generalists' and specialists' approach to prostate
Cell culture in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the association with molecular markers. (2003)

Cell culture capability is a significant prognostic factor in ESCC. p53 and MDM2 may have a crucial role in the establishment of ESCC cell lines.
One-Step Elimination of Pig Classical Class I MHC Genes. (2014)

Background Enhancements in genetic engineering make it possible to alter the genome of animals at unprecedented speed. These tools have simplified the modification of swine and promise to facilitate the development of pigs that can serve as organ donors for humans and end the organ shortage. With genome engineering no longer hindering the development of new swine having tissues compatible with human biology, the challenge has shifted to identifying which genes need to be altered to improve cross-species compatibility. Key target genes are responsible for the expression of antigens that drive humoral rejection of pig tissue. The Swine Leukocyte Antigens (SLA) have identified as targets of human antibodies. We use CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology to eliminate the expression of all classical class I SLA genes in a single step. Methods: Fetal fibroblasts were transfected with a plasmid expressing CRISPR guide RNA that target invariant sequences in fourth exon of class I SLA genes. The guide RNA interacts with all three class I loci, SLA-1, -2, and -3. Following transfection, cells having a class I SLA-negative phenotype were isolated by flow cytometry. Clones were created and analyzed for defects in the class I SLA genes by PCR of genomic and cDNA. DNA alterations were also examined by sequencing the targeted genes. Cloned cell lines were also used in somatic cell nuclear transfer to impregnate sows. Results: In a single round of genome editing it was possible to drive the homozygous disruption of SLA-1, -2, and, -3. Analyses of several clones demonstrated varied mutations including, point mutations, deletions, and insertions. SLA deficient clones were obtained in 4 weeks gave rise to normally developed 30 day-old fetuses. Conclusion: CRISPR-Cas9 is a simple to use tool that modifies expression of classical class I SLA. All three SLA gene can be edited simultaneously by using a guide RNA targeting an invariant sequence. Targeting regions unique to each SLA may allow refined editing allowing modification of one SLA molecule at a time. DISCLOSURE:Tector, M.: Grant/Research Support, Interest in developing xenotransplant as a therapy. Reyes, L.: Grant/Research Support, xenotransplant. Callura, J.: Employee, xenotransplant. Gray, E.: Employee, xenotransplant. Tector, J.: Grant/Research Support, xenotransplant.
Diagnostic value of biochemical markers (FibroTest-FibroSURE) for the prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2006)

In patients with NAFLD, FibroTest, a simple and non-invasive quantitative estimate of liver fibrosis reliably predicts advanced fibrosis.
Sistemas de gestión ambiental en la universidad (2019)

No disponible/Not available
Bioerodible polyanhydrides as drug‐carrier matrices. I: Characterization, degradation, and release characteristics (1985)

Polyanhydrides based on a variety of aromatic and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids were developed as bioerodible carrier matrices for controlled delivery applications. The high hydrolytic reactivity of the anhydride linkage provides an intrinsic advantage over other classes of bioerodible polymers in versatility and control of degradation rates. For example, using the poly[bis(p-carboxyphenoxy) alkane anhydrides] as models, polymers with degradation rates in the range of 10(-1) to 10(-4) mg/h/cm2 were obtained by changing the alkane from a methyl to a hexyl group. The polymers were characterized by infrared (IR), differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Near zero-order degradation kinetics were observed for the hydrophobic polyanhydrides over several months. The drug release profile of the model drug p-nitroaniline followed closely that of the degradation of injection-molded poly[bis(p-carboxyphenoxy) propane anhydride] over a period of more than 8 months. Close correlation of polymer degradation and drug release was also observed in other injection-molded samples (10% loading), suggesting a release mechanism that was dominantly degradation controlled. Degradation of these polyanhydrides was pH sensitive, being enhanced in high pH, and became more stable in acidic conditions.
Preclinical Profile of the HER2-Targeting ADC SYD983/SYD985: Introduction of a New Duocarmycin-Based Linker-Drug Platform (2014)

A linker-drug platform was built on the basis of a cleavable linker-duocarmycin payload for the development of new-generation antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). A leading ADC originating from that platform is SYD983, a HER2-targeting ADC based on trastuzumab. HER2-binding, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and HER2-mediated internalization are similar for SYD983 as compared with trastuzumab. HER2-expressing cells in vitro are very potently killed by SYD983, but SYD983 is inactive in cells that do not express HER2. SYD983 dose dependently reduces tumor growth in a BT-474 mouse xenograft in vivo. The ADC is stable in human and cynomolgus monkey plasma in vitro but shows relatively poor stability in mouse plasma due to mouse-specific carboxylesterase. SYD983 could be dosed up to 30 mg/kg in cynomolgus monkeys with high exposure, excellent stability in blood, and without severe toxic effects. The monkey safety study showed no SYD983-induced thrombocytopenia and no induction of peripheral sensory neuropathy, both commonly observed in trials and studies with ADCs based on tubulin inhibitors. Finally, to improve homogeneity, SYD983 was further purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography resulting in an ADC (designated SYD985) predominantly containing DAR2 and DAR4 species. SYD985 showed high antitumor activity in two patient-derived xenograft models of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancers. In conclusion, the data obtained indicate great potential for this new HER2-targeting ADC to become an effective drug for patients with HER2-positive cancers with a favorable safety profile. More generally, this new-generation duocarmycin-based linker-drug technology could be used with other mAbs to serve more indications in oncology.
ANTIPARASITIC DRUGS. IV. 2-(4'-THIAZOLYL)-BENZIMIDAZOLE, A NEW ANTHELMINTIC (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTANTIPARASITIC DRUGS. IV. 2-(4'-THIAZOLYL)-BENZIMIDAZOLE, A NEW ANTHELMINTICH. D. Brown, A. R. Matzuk, I. R. Ilves, L. H. Peterson, S. A. Harris, L. H. Sarett, J. R. Egerton, J. J. Yakstis, W. C. Campbell, and A. C. CucklerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 7, 1764–1765Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01468a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01468a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views722Altmetric-Citations184LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Leaky Rayleigh and Scholte waves at the fluid–solid interface subjected to transient point loading (2004)

The analysis of acoustic waves generated by a transient normal point load applied on a fluid–solid interface is presented. The closed-form exact solution of the wave motion is obtained by using integral transform techniques. The obtained analytical solution provides necessary theoretical background for optimization of fluid-coupled ultrasonic and acoustic wave detection in experiments. Numerical simulation (elastodynamic finite integration technique) is performed to verify the obtained analytical solution. Detailed descriptions of leaky Rayleigh and Scholte wave solutions are presented. A simplified solution to isolate the contributions of leaky Rayleigh and Scholte waves generated by a transient point load is proposed, and closed-form formulations for displacement and stress components are then presented. The simplified solution is compared to the exact solution for two configurations: water/concrete and air/concrete. The excitation effectiveness of leaky Rayleigh waves for the air/concrete configuration is studied, which has practical significance to air-coupled sensing in civil engineering structures.