gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti–platelet factor 4/heparin antibodies in orthopedic surgery patients receiving antithrombotic prophylaxis with fondaparinux or enoxaparin (2005)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is caused by platelet-activating IgG antibodies that recognize platelet factor 4 (PF4) bound to heparin. Immunogenicity of heparins differs in that unfractionated heparin (UFH) induces more anti-PF4/heparin antibodies than low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and UFH also causes more HIT. Fondaparinux, a synthetic anticoagulant modeled after the antithrombin-binding pentasaccharide, is believed to be nonimmunogenic. We tested 2726 patients for anti-PF4/heparin antibodies after they were randomized to receive antithrombotic prophylaxis with fondaparinux or LMWH (enoxaparin) following hip or knee surgery. We also evaluated in vitro cross-reactivity of the IgG antibodies generated against PF4 in the presence of UFH, LMWH, danaparoid, or fondaparinux. We found that anti-PF4/heparin antibodies were generated at similar frequencies in patients treated with fondaparinux or enoxaparin. Although antibodies reacted equally well in vitro against PF4/UFH and PF4/LMWH, and sometimes weakly against PF4/danaparoid, none reacted against PF4/fondaparinux, including even those sera obtained from patients who formed antibodies during fondaparinux treatment. At high concentrations, however, fondaparinux inhibited binding of HIT antibodies to PF4/polysaccharide, indicating that PF4/fondaparinux interactions occur. No patient developed HIT. We conclude that despite similar immunogenicity of fondaparinux and LMWH, PF4/fondaparinux, but not PF4/LMWH, is recognized poorly by the antibodies generated, suggesting that the risk of HIT with fondaparinux likely is very low.
SALVO process for sub-50 nm low-V/sub T/ replacement gate CMOS with KrF lithography (2002)

We present the SALVO CMOS process, first device data and simulation study with the following features: (1) self-aligned local channel implants for SCE reduction; (2) sub-50 nm fabrication using only current production tools; (3) replacement gate with dual-polysilicon for low V/sub T/; (4) low aspect-ratio gates with CD insensitive to lithography and etch profile variability. The first demonstration of SALVO process shows it is a viable candidate for future ULSI CMOS production, in view of its versatility, controllability and compatibility.
Comparing Different Classifiers for Automatic Age Estimation (2004)

We describe a quantitative evaluation of the performance of different classifiers in the task of automatic age estimation. In this context, we generate a statistical model of facial appearance, which is subsequently used as the basis for obtaining a compact parametric description of face images. The aim of our work is to design classifiers that accept the model-based representation of unseen images and produce an estimate of the age of the person in the corresponding face image. For this application, we have tested different classifiers: a classifier based on the use of quadratic functions for modeling the relationship between face model parameters and age, a shortest distance classifier, and artificial neural network based classifiers. We also describe variations to the basic method where we use age-specific and/or appearance specific age estimation methods. In this context, we use age estimation classifiers for each age group and/or classifiers for different clusters of subjects within our training set. In those cases, part of the classification procedure is devoted to choosing the most appropriate classifier for the subject/age range in question, so that more accurate age estimates can be obtained. We also present comparative results concerning the performance of humans and computers in the task of age estimation. Our results indicate that machines can estimate the age of a person almost as reliably as humans.
Purification of HB8 DNA Ligase by Red Sepharose Chromatography (1986)

Journal Article Purification of HB8 DNA Ligase by Red Sepharose Chromatography Get access Miho Takahashi, Miho Takahashi Mitsubishi-Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, 11 Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Eiichi Yamaguchi, Eiichi Yamaguchi Mitsubishi-Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, 11 Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tsuneko Uchida Tsuneko Uchida Mitsubishi-Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, 11 Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 50, Issue 5, 1 May 1986, Pages 1333–1334, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1986.10867569 Published: 01 May 1986 Article history Received: 20 November 1985 Published: 01 May 1986
Expression of the MyoD1 muscle determination gene defines differentiation capability but not tumorigenicity of human rhabdomyosarcomas. (1989)

Several human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, cultured primary tumor explants, and biopsies of tumor and normal skeletal muscle tissue expressed a 2.0-kilobase transcript that hybridized to the mouse muscle determination gene MyoD1. This transcript was found in tumor cell lines and primary explants that developed multinucleated myotubes but was absent in Wilms' tumors or cell lines and primary explants that developed multinucleated myotubes but was absent in Wilms' tumors or cell lines derived from other mesenchymal tumor cell types. Expression of the human homolog of MyoD1 therefore can define a tumor as a rhabdomyosarcoma. Transfection of the mouse MyoD1 gene into the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RD increased the ability of the tumor cells to differentiate into multinucleated myotubes and enhanced myosin heavy-chain gene expression but did not decrease tumorigenicity in nude mice.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces the expression of the CD11b surface adhesion molecule on human granulocytes in vivo (1988)

The CD11b (Mol) molecule is a member of a family of surface glycoproteins that are essential for adhesion-dependent granulocyte functions. Brief exposure of granulocytes to human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in vitro increases the surface expression of CD11b and increases granulocyte adhesiveness. To assess the possible in vivo significance of these observations we studied the effect of GM-CSF on CD11b, CD11a (LFA-1), and CD11c (gp 150, 95) expression on granulocytes from nine adult patients with sarcoma who were receiving GM-CSF as part of a phase I trial. GM-CSF was administered as a continuous infusion at a dose of 32 or 64 micrograms/kg/d. Granulocyte CD11b, CD11a, and CD11c expression was determined by indirect immunofluorescence staining of whole blood, thereby minimizing in vitro manipulation. A transient leukopenia developed within 15 minutes of initiation of GM-CSF treatment that was associated with a marked increase in the surface antigen density of CD11b. A mean 1.7-fold increase (P = .001) in the percentage of CD11b-positive granulocytes and a mean 2.1-fold increase (P = .002) in CD11b surface antigen density was noted after 12 hours of treatment. No change in CD11a or CD11c expression was observed over the first 12 hours. The level of CD11b expression was followed in six patients for up to 5 days of treatment with GM-CSF. Compared with the 12-hour value, three of six patients showed a subsequent decrease in CD11b expression, two remained constant, and one showed a continued increase in CD11b surface density. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting of granulocytes into high- and low-density CD11b-positive groups revealed a preponderance of immature myeloid forms in the low-density CD11b fraction, which suggests that the late decrease in CD11b expression in some patients may be related to a greater proportion of circulating immature myeloid forms in the peripheral blood. This study suggests that GM-CSF administered as a continuous infusion rapidly upregulates the expression of granulocyte CD11b in vivo. The influence of this phenomenon on in vivo granulocyte aggregation may be clinically relevant with regard to the toxicity of GM-CSF and deserves further investigation.
Probiotics in Neurology and Psychiatry (2014)

Probiotics are live nonpathogenic organisms that promote beneficial health effects when ingested. Increasing numbers of reports indicate that probiotics may have therapeutic potential in disorders ranging from atopic dermatitis to arthritis, highlighting the systemic impact of these organisms. While probiotics have been proposed as adjuvant therapy for depression, to date little is known of the ability of probiotic treatment to modulate brain function. The brain and the gut are engaged in constant bidirectional communication. Such communication becomes apparent when alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) function are communicated to the brain, bringing about the perception of visceral events such as nausea, satiety, and pain or when, in turn, stressful experiences lead to altered GI secretions and motility. This communication system involves neural pathways as well as immune and endocrine mechanisms. Consistent observations have suggested that patients with major depression who are otherwise healthy have activated inflammatory pathways, as indicated by increased proinflammatory cytokines, increased acute-phase proteins, and greater expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules. In addition to direct neural pathways, the gut also communicates to the brain utilizing hormonal signaling pathways that involve the release of gut peptides from enteroendocrine cells which can act directly on the brain at the area postrema, one of the circumventricular organs that lie outside the blood-brain barrier. Future research should be aimed at determining specific mechanisms involved in linking the human microbiota in general with central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and function.
Tyrosine phosphorylation is a mandatory proximal step in radiation-induced activation of the protein kinase C signaling pathway in human B-lymphocyte precursors. (1993)

Ionizing radiation triggers a signal in human B-lymphocyte precursors that is intimately linked to an active protein-tyrosine kinase regulatory pathway. We show that in B-lymphocyte precursors, irradiation with gamma-rays leads to (i) stimulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover; (ii) downstream activation by covalent modification of multiple serine-specific protein kinases, including protein kinase C; and (iii) activation of nuclear factor kappa B. All of the radiation-induced signals were effectively prevented by the protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and herbimycin A. Thus, tyrosine phosphorylation is an important and perhaps mandatory proximal step in the activation of the protein kinase C signaling cascade in human B-lymphocyte precursors. Our report expands current knowledge of the radiation-induced signaling cascade by clarifying the chronological sequence of biochemical events that follow irradiation.
Microbial production of biopolymers and polymer precursors: applications and perspectives (2009)

A huge variety of biopolymers, such as polysaccharides, polyesters, and polyamides, are naturally produced by microorganisms. These range from viscous solutions to plastics and their physical properties are dependent on the composition and molecular weight of the polymer. The genetic manipulation of microorganisms opens up an enormous potential for the biotechnological production of biopolymers with tailored properties suitable for high-value medical application such as tissue engineering and drug delivery.\n\nWritten by expert, internationally renowned scientists, this comprehensive volume describes in detail the use of microorganisms for the production of the most important biopolymers and polymer precursors. The authors describe, in depth, the biosynthetic pathways, physical properties and industrial production processes and discuss in detail the genetic and metabolic engineering of microorganisms for biopolymer production. Also highlighted are the applications and potential applications of the biopolymers and microbial biotechnology.\n\nTopics include the biochemistry and genetics of biosynthesis of xanthan, alginate, cellulose, cyanophycin, poly(gamma-glutamic acid), levan, hyaluronic acid, organic acids, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and polyhydroxyalkanoates. A recommended book for all biotechnology and microbiology laboratories.
An efficient multicast delivery scheme to support Mobile IP (1999)

Once mobile nodes move into another network, Mobile IP is employed for the remaining unicast services. However, multicast services become unavailable because of topology changes. A multicast scheme is proposed based on our Domain-based Mobile IP (K.D. Wu et al., 1998). Multicast services are divided into two types: Intra-domain service and Inter-domain service. The article identifies mobile nodes joining the Internet where they can acquire benefits of multicasting and its potential values, as for stationary nodes it does not matter they are at Home Network or Foreign Network. Finally the comparison of multicast delivery schemes for the mobile environment is presented.
Analysis of the MHC Class I Antigen Presentation Machinery in Human Embryonal Carcinomas: Evidence for Deficiencies in TAP, LMP and MHC Class I Expression and their Upregulation by IFN‐γ (1997)

The expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens is suppressed in early post-implantation embryonic cells as well as in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, but could be upregulated by treatment with interferon (IFN)-gamma or retinoic acid. In a number of human and murine tumours, defects in the expression of the different components of the MHC class I antigen processing machinery, such as the proteasomal subunits LMP-2 and LMP-7 and the peptide transporters TAP-1 and TAP-2, account for impaired MHC class I surface expression. Here, we analysed the constitutive and IFN-gamma regulated mRNA and protein expression of the LMP, TAP and MHC class I molecules in the human EC line 577LM. In comparison to lymphoblastoid control cells, poor constitutive mRNA and protein expression of LMP-7, TAP-1, HLA class I, and beta 2-microglobulin, but not of TAP-2 and LMP-2, was detected in 577LM cells. The lack of MHC class I surface expression on 577LM cells could not be enhanced either by culturing cells at low temperature or by their incubation with exogenous MHC class I specific binding peptides: thus, the defective MHC class I surface expression was not only caused by impaired generation and processing of antigenic peptides. IFN-gamma treatment of 577LM resulted in a significant increase of MHC class I surface expression which was preceded by an upregulation of TAP, LMP and MHC class I transcripts as well as of TAP-1 and TAP-2, but not of LMP-2 and LMP-7, protein expression. These data suggest that human EC cell lines show a stable expression of a MHC class I low/deficient phenotype. The deficiencies associated with this phenotype involve different levels of the MHC class I restricted antigen presentation machinery and could be modified by treatment with IFN-gamma.
Sparse Sensing With Co-Prime Samplers and Arrays (2010)

This paper considers the sampling of temporal or spatial wide sense stationary (WSS) signals using a co-prime pair of sparse samplers. Several properties and applications of co-prime samplers are developed. First, for uniform spatial sampling with M and N sensors where M and N are co-prime with appropriate interelement spacings, the difference co-array has O(MN) freedoms which can be exploited in beamforming and in direction of arrival estimation. An M -point DFT filter bank and an N-point DFT filter bank can be used at the outputs of the two sensor arrays and their outputs combined in such a way that there are effectively MN bands (i.e., MN narrow beams with beamwidths proportional to 1/MN), a result following from co-primality. The ideas are applicable to both active and passive sensing, though the details and tradeoffs are different. Time domain sparse co-prime samplers also generate a time domain co-array with O(MN) freedoms, which can be used to estimate the autocorrelation at much finer lags than the sample spacings. This allows estimation of power spectrum of an arbitrary signal with a frequency resolution proportional to 2π/(MNT) even though the pairs of sampled sequences x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> (NTn) and x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> (MTn) in the time domain can be arbitrarily sparse - in fact from the sparse set of samples x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> (NTn) and x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> (MTn) one can estimate O(MN) frequencies in the range |ω| <; π/T. It will be shown that the co-array based method for estimating sinusoids in noise offers many advantages over methods based on the use of Chinese remainder theorem and its extensions. Examples are presented throughout to illustrate the various concepts.
Role of Neuropathy and High Foot Pressures in Diabetic Foot Ulceration (1998)

We conclude that both high foot pressures (> or =6 kg/cm2) and neuropathy are independently associated with ulceration in a diverse diabetic population, with the latter having the greater magnitude of effect. In black and Hispanic diabetic patients especially, joint mobility and plantar pressures are less predictive of ulceration than in Caucasians.
Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis (2011)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Despite significant progresses in the last decades, the origin of this cancer remains unclear and no efficient therapy exists. PDAC does not arise de novo: three remarkable different types of pancreatic lesions can evolve towards pancreatic cancer. These precursor lesions include: Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) that are microscopic lesions of the pancreas, Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMN) and Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms (MCN) that are both macroscopic lesions. However, the cellular origin of these lesions is still a matter of debate. Classically, neoplasm initiation or progression is driven by several genetic and epigenetic alterations. The aim of this review is to assemble the current information on genetic mutations and epigenetic disorders that affect genes during pancreatic carcinogenesis. We will further discuss the interest of the genetic and epigenetic alterations for the diagnosis and prognosis of PDAC. Large genetic alterations (chromosomal deletion/amplification) and single point mutations are well described for carcinogenesis inducers. Mutations classically occur within key regions of the genome. Consequences are various and include activation of mitogenic pathways or silencing of apoptotic processes. Alterations of K-RAS, P16 and DPC4 genes are frequently observed in PDAC samples and have been described to arise gradually during carcinogenesis. DNA methylation is an epigenetic process involved in imprinting and X chromosome inactivation. Alteration of DNA methylation patterns leads to deregulation of gene expression, in the absence of mutation. Both genetic and epigenetic events influence genes and non-coding RNA expression, with dramatic effects on proliferation, survival and invasion. Besides improvement in our fundamental understanding of PDAC development, highlighting the molecular alterations that occur in pancreatic carcinogenesis could provide new clinical tools for early diagnosis of PDAC and the molecular basis for the development of new effective therapies.
Cooperative binding of effectors by an allosteric ribozyme (2001)

An allosteric ribozyme that requires two different effectors to induce catalysis was created using modular rational design. This ribozyme construct comprises five conjoined RNA modules that operate in concert as an obligate FMN- and theophylline-dependent molecular switch. When both effectors are present, this 'binary' RNA switch self-cleaves with a rate enhancement of approximately 300-fold over the rate observed in the absence of effectors. Kinetic and structural studies implicate a switching mechanism wherein FMN binding induces formation of the active ribozyme conformation. However, the binding site for FMN is rendered inactive unless theophylline first binds to its corresponding site and reorganizes the RNA structure. This example of cooperative binding between allosteric effectors reveals a level of structural and functional complexity for RNA that is similar to that observed with allosteric proteins.
STIMULATION OF GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN ACCUMULATION BY INTERFERON GAMMA IN CULTURED HUMAN RETROOCULAR FIBROBLASTS (1991)

Fully expressed Graves' disease involves an accumulation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the retroocular connective tissue which contributes to the pathogenesis of ophthalmopathy. We treated cultured retroocular and dermal fibroblasts with recombinant interferon gamma (100 U/ml) for 16-24h and measured [3H]GAG accumulation. The cytokine stimulated [3H]GAG accumulation in retroocular fibroblast cultures obtained from eight different donors by 36-124% above control values. In contrast, interferon gamma had no consistent effect on macromolecular accumulation in dermal fibroblast cultures derived from the pretibium or from areas ordinarily uninvolved in Graves' dermopathy. These results suggest that retroocular fibroblasts may be uniquely targeted for one action of interferon gamma which involves the modulation of GAG metabolism.
Accurate masses for structure confirmation (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTAccurate masses for structure confirmationMichael L. GrossMichael L. GrossMore by Michael L. GrossCite this: J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1994, 5, 2, 57Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 February 1994Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1016/1044-0305(94)85036-4https://doi.org/10.1016/1044-0305(94)85036-4editorialACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (234 KB) Get e-Alerts
Indonesia in the 1990s : more than meets the eye (1995)

For more about the East-West Center, see <a href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/">http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a>