gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperuniformity, quasi-long-range correlations, and void-space constraints in maximally random jammed particle packings. I. Polydisperse spheres (2011)

Hyperuniform many-particle distributions possess a local number variance that grows more slowly than the volume of an observation window, implying that the local density is effectively homogeneous beyond a few characteristic length scales. Previous work on maximally random strictly jammed sphere packings in three dimensions has shown that these systems are hyperuniform and possess unusual quasi-long-range pair correlations decaying as r(-4), resulting in anomalous logarithmic growth in the number variance. However, recent work on maximally random jammed sphere packings with a size distribution has suggested that such quasi-long-range correlations and hyperuniformity are not universal among jammed hard-particle systems. In this paper, we show that such systems are indeed hyperuniform with signature quasi-long-range correlations by characterizing the more general local-volume-fraction fluctuations. We argue that the regularity of the void space induced by the constraints of saturation and strict jamming overcomes the local inhomogeneity of the disk centers to induce hyperuniformity in the medium with a linear small-wave-number nonanalytic behavior in the spectral density, resulting in quasi-long-range spatial correlations scaling with r(-(d+1)) in d Euclidean space dimensions. A numerical and analytical analysis of the pore-size distribution for a binary maximally random jammed system in addition to a local characterization of the n-particle loops governing the void space surrounding the inclusions is presented in support of our argument. This paper is the first part of a series of two papers considering the relationships among hyperuniformity, jamming, and regularity of the void space in hard-particle packings.
Monochorionic diamniotic twins: complications and management options (2003)

Our insight into the complications associated with monochorionic twins has increased in recent years. It is hoped that this will lead to better surveillance and ultimately an improved outcome for these high-risk pregnancies.
Sensors for Robotic Hands: A Survey of State of the Art (2015)

Recent decades have seen significant progress in the field of artificial hands. Most of the surveys, which try to capture the latest developments in this field, focused on actuation and control systems of these devices. In this paper, our goal is to provide a comprehensive survey of the sensors for artificial hands. In order to present the evolution of the field, we cover five year periods starting at the turn of the millennium. At each period, we present the robot hands with a focus on their sensor systems dividing them into categories, such as prosthetics, research devices, and industrial end-effectors. We also cover the sensors developed for robot hand usage in each era. Finally, the period between 2010 and 2015 introduces the reader to the state of the art and also hints to the future directions in the sensor development for artificial hands.
Neither .DELTA.- nor .LAMBDA.-tris(phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) binds to DNA by classical intercalation (1992)

Equilibrium binding studies and viscosity experiments are described that characterize the interaction of delta- and lambda-[Ru(o-phen)3]2+ with calf thymus DNA. The mode of binding of these compounds to DNA is a matter of controversy. Both isomers of [Ru(o-phen)3]2+ were found to bind but weakly to DNA, with binding constants of 4.9 (+/- 0.3) x 10(4) M-1 and 2.8 (+/- 0.2) x 10(4) M-1 determined for the delta and lambda isomers, respectively, at 20 degrees C in a solution containing 5 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.1) and 10 mM NaCl. We determined that the quantity delta log K/delta log [Na+] equals 1.37 and 1.24 for the delta and lambda isomers, respectively. Application of polyelectrolyte theory allows us to use these values to show quantitatively that both the delta and lambda isomers are essentially electrostatically bound to DNA. Viscosity experiments show that binding the lambda isomer does not alter the relative viscosity of DNA to any appreciable extent, while binding of the delta isomer decreases the relative viscosity of DNA. From these viscosity results, we conclude that neither isomer of [Ru(o-phen)3]2+ binds to DNA by classical intercalation.
HIV-1 Binding to CD4 T Cells Does Not Induce a Ca 2+ Influx or Lead to Activation of Protein Kinases (1991)

The penetration of CD4+ cells by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) involves a high affinity interaction between the viral attachment protein, gp120, and the cellular receptor, CD4. The mechanism by which the virus penetrates the host cell subsequent to viral binding is unknown. We have investigated the possibility that HIV penetration induces changes in the metabolic state of the infected cell similar to those seen with the perturbation of CD4 cells by monoclonal antibodies (MAb) directed against the CD4 molecule, or with specific antigen-mediated activation. The activation of cellular protein kinases was examined. The basal level of activity was not altered in the presence of HIV. Kinase activity was markedly increased in cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and was qualitatively and quantitatively changed by a brief exposure to the phorbol ester TPA (12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate). The phosphorylation state of the CD4 molecule was examined by radioimmunoprecipitation and found to be unaltered by the binding of HIV under conditions in which TPA induced rapid CD4 phosphorylation. The activity of the CD4-associated protein tyrosine kinase p56lck was measured by in vitro assays of 32PO4 incorporation in CD4 immunoprecipitates from HIV-incubated cells. TPA incubation resulted in a rapid loss of CD4-associated p56lck activity, presumably due to dissociation of the enzyme from CD4. Concanavalin A stimulation resulted in a similar change but with a slower time course. However, no change in CD4-associated activity was detected in HIV-incubated cells. We found that Ca2+ influx was not induced by the binding of HIV to CD4+ cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCC mec ) Typing of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated in 11 Asian Countries: a Proposal for a New Nomenclature for SCC mec Elements (2006)

A description of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements carried by 615 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated in 11 Asian countries is reported, and a novel nomenclatural system based on their structures is proposed. The 615 strains were classified as type 3A (370 strains), type 2A (207 strains), type 2B (32 strains), type 1B (1 strain), and nontypeable (5 strains). The previously reported type III SCCmec (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank accession no. AB037671) carried by the MRSA strain 85/2082 was ascertained to be composed of two SCC elements, type 3A SCCmec and SCCmercury. PCR analysis indicated that 310 of 370 type 3A SCCmec strains carried both SCC elements. These strains were prevalent in eight countries: Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, India, and Singapore. The remaining 60 type 3A SCCmec strains differed with respect to the left extremity polymorphism or to the presence of ccrC. Among these, two were identified as carrying only type 3A SCCmec elements, but their left extremities differed. Type 2A SCCmec strains predominated in Korea and Japan, although the frequency of the presence of ant(4')-1 gene downstream of mecA varied (53% for Korean strains; 93% for Japanese strains). Various SCCmec elements were identified in the tested strains, and limited numbers were identified by their multilocus sequence typing genotypes. These data suggest that numerous MRSA clones are disseminated in Asian hospitals, and these consist of minor clones that are presumed to have arisen locally and major clones that are presumed to have been introduced from other countries.
Chemical synthesis of the 5′-terminal part bearing cap structure of messenger RNA of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV): m7G5′ pppAmpG and m7G5pppAmpGpU (1984)

The 5'-terminal structures of mRNA bearing the so-called 'cap' from cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV), m7G5' pppAmpG and m7G5' pppAmpGpU, were first chemically synthesized. S,S-Di(4-methoxyphenyl) N6-benzoyl-2'-O-methyladenosine 5'-phosphorodithioate ((ArS) 2pAbmz) was prepared by phosphorylation of the 5'-hydroxyl group of N6-benzoyl-2'-O-methyladenosine with S,S-di(4-methoxyphenyl) phosphorodithioate by TPS. By the triester approach using (ArS) 2pAbmz as starting material, the protected dinucleotide and trinucleotide bearing 5'-phosphate group were synthesized. The protective groups of the dinucleotide and trinucleotide were removed to obtain pAmpG and pAmpGpU, respectively. By the reaction of a capping agent ((PhS) ppm7G) with pAmpG and pAmpGpU in the presence of silver nitrate or iodine. The 5'-terminal structure of the messenger RNA strand of CPV which was labelled isotopically, was confirmed completely as m7G5' pppAmGpU by cochromatography with the materials chemically synthesized here.
Ipilimumab-induced necrotic myelopathy in a patient with metastatic melanoma: A case report and review of literature (2015)

Ipilimumab is a novel humanized monoclonal antibody directed against cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, a T-cell surface molecule involved in down-regulation and suppression of the T cell response to stimuli. Patients treated with ipilimumab are at risk for immune-related adverse events involving the skin, digestive tract, liver and endocrine organs. Few case reports of immune-related adverse effects involving central or peripheral nervous system due to ipilimumab are published. These include inflammatory myopathy, aseptic meningitis, severe meningo-radiculo-neuritis, temporal arteritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. We report the first case of ipilimumab-induced progressive necrotic myelopathy.
Do Jumping Genes Spawn Diversity? (2011)

The data are clear. Transposable elements move in developing brain cells. But the question remains: Does the brain tolerate them or take advantage of them?
Micro-digital money for electronic commerce (2002)

Proposes two novel cash-based micropayment schemes based on a new technique referred to as the double-locked hash chain technique. Both schemes support the divisibility and transferability of digital coins in a simpler way compared to the existing solutions. The basic scheme allows full or partial use of a coin chain in a transaction; if only part of a coin chain has been used with one vendor, the rest of the chain can be used, for instance in a subsequent transaction with another vendor. The modified scheme extends this to multiple chains, making the scheme particularly suitable for a large number of micropayment transactions.
Indexable PLA for efficient similarity search (2007)

Similarity-based search over time-series databases has been a hot research topic for a long history, which is widely used in many applications, including multimedia retrieval, data mining, web search and retrieval, and so on. However, due to high dimensionality (i.e. length) of the time series, the similarity search over directly indexed time series usually encounters a serious problem, known as the “dimensionality curse”. Thus, many dimensionality reduction techniques are proposed to break such curse by reducing the dimensionality of time series. Among all the proposed methods, only Piecewise Linear Approximation (PLA) does not have indexing mechanisms to support similarity queries, which prevents it from efficiently searching over very large timeseries databases. Our initial studies on the effectiveness of different reduction methods, however, show that PLA performs no worse than others. Motivated by this, in this paper, we re-investigate PLA for approximating and indexing time series. Specifically, we propose a novel distance function in the reduced PLA-space, and prove that this function indeed results in a lower bound of the Euclidean distance between the original time series, which can lead to no false dismissals during the similarity search. As a second step, we develop an effective approach to index these lower bounds to improve the search efficiency. Our extensive experiments over a wide spectrum of real and synthetic data sets have demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of PLA together with the newly proposed lower bound distance, in terms of both pruning power and wall clock time, compared with two stateof-the-art reduction methods, Adaptive Piecewise Constant Approximation (APCA) and Chebyshev Polynomials (CP).
Binding then bending: A mechanism for wrapping DNA (2006)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Early Emphysema in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa (2004)

Postmortem studies of patients who died in the Warsaw Ghetto during World War II suggested that death from starvation was associated with pulmonary emphysema. This study re-examines this hypothesis in patients who are chronically malnourished because of anorexia nervosa. Age, smoking history, body mass index, and pulmonary function were measured in 21 subjects with anorexia nervosa and 16 control subjects. Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained from three regions of the lung (at the level of the aortic arch, the carina, and the posterior position of the eighth rib) using a multislice scanner. The CT measurements of lung density, emphysema, and surface area-to-volume ratio were obtained using the X-ray attenuation values. CT measurements of emphysema were greater in the group that was anorexic than in historical control subjects (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there were significant correlations between the body mass index and the CT measures of emphysema for all the patients and between diffusing capacity and the CT measurements in the patients who were anorexic. A multiple linear regression analysis showed the diffusing capacity was predicted best by the percentage of lung voxels within the large emphysematous changes category. These data demonstrate that emphysema-like changes are present in the lungs of patients who are chronically malnourished.
Desmoplastic Reaction in Pancreatic Cancer (2004)

Activated PSCs are present in the stromal reaction in pancreatic cancers and are responsible for the production of stromal collagen. PSC function is influenced by pancreatic cancer cells. Interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells (PSCs) may play an important role in the pathobiology of pancreatic cancer.
New function of vitamin B12: cobamide-dependent reduction of epoxyqueuosine to queuosine in tRNAs of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium (1988)

Queuosine (Q), 7-[(4,5-cis-dihydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-yl)-amino)methyl)-7- deazaguanosine, and Q derivatives usually replace guanosine in the anticodon of tRNAs(GUN) of eubacteria and of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs of lower and higher eucaryotes except yeasts. Q appears to be synthesized de novo exclusively in eubacteria, and the free-base queuine serves as a nutrient factor for eucaryotes. Recently, a Q derivative, oQ, containing a 2,3-epoxy-4,5-dihydroxycyclopentane ring, has been identified in Escherichia coli tRNA(Tyr). Here we show that oQ is formed when E. coli or Salmonella typhimurium is grown in glucose-salt medium. The formation of oQ was independent of molecular oxygen, and oQ-tRNAs were converted to Q-tRNAs by adding cobalamin to the growth medium. Under strictly anaerobic conditions, considerable amounts of Q were present in E. coli and S. typhimurium tRNAs when the bacteria were grown in the presence of cobalt ions with glycerol as the carbon source and fumarate as the electron acceptor. Under these conditions, the biosynthesis of cobalamin was induced. The results suggest that oQ is derived from ribose and that oQ is finally reduced to Q by a cobamide-dependent enzyme.
Stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) for cluster headache treatment. Pathway CH-1: A randomized, sham-controlled study (2013)

On-demand SPG stimulation using the ATI Neurostimulation System is an effective novel therapy for CCH sufferers, with dual beneficial effects, acute pain relief and observed attack prevention, and has an acceptable safety profile compared to similar surgical procedures.
Enhancement of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Activity by an FGF-binding Protein (2001)

Fibroblast growth factor-binding protein (FGF-BP) 1 is a secreted protein that can bind fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 1 and 2. These FGFs are typically stored on heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix in an inactive form, and it has been proposed that FGF-BP1 functions as a chaperone molecule that can mobilize locally stored FGF and present the growth factor to its tyrosine kinase receptor. FGF-BP1 is up-regulated in squamous cell, colon, and breast cancers and can act as an angiogenic switch during malignant progression of epithelial cells. For the present studies, we focused on FGF-1 and -2 and investigated interactions with recombinant human FGF-BP1 protein as well as effects on signal transduction, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. We show that recombinant FGF-BP1 specifically binds FGF-2 and that this binding is inhibited by FGF-1, heparan sulfate, and heparinoids. Furthermore, FGF-BP1 enhances FGF-1- and FGF-2-dependent proliferation of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and FGF-2-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 phosphorylation. Finally, in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis assay, FGF-BP1 synergizes with exogenously added FGF-2. We conclude that FGF-BP1 binds directly to FGF-1 and FGF-2 and positively modulates the biological activities of these growth factors.
An ultra-low-noise electrical-potential probe for human-body scanning (2000)

In this paper we describe a new very-low-noise, high-input-impedance probe developed to make non-contact measurements of electrical potentials generated by currents flowing in the human body. With a noise level of 2 µV Hz-1/2at 1 Hz, down to 0.1 µV Hz-1/2at 1 kHz, and an operational bandwidth from 0.01 Hz to 100 KHz, this probe would seem well suited to the detection of a wide range of electrical activity in the body.
ESoftCheck: Removal of Non-vital Checks for Fault Tolerance (2009)

As semiconductor technology scales into the deep submicron regime the occurrence of transient or soft errors will increase. This will require new approaches to error detection. Software checking approaches are attractive because they require little hardware modification and can be easily adjusted to fit different reliability and performance requirements. Unfortunately, software checking adds a significant performance overhead. In this paper we present ESoftCheck, a set of compiler optimization techniques to determine which are the vital checks, that is, the minimum number of checks that are necessary to detect an error and roll back to a correct program state. ESoftCheck identifies the vital checks on platforms where registers are hardware-protected with parity or ECC, when there are redundant checks and when checks appear in loops. ESoftCheck also provides knobs to trade reliability for performance based on the support for recovery and the degree of trustiness of the operations. Our experimental results on a Pentium 4 show that ESoftCheck can obtain 27.1% performance improvement without losing fault coverage.
Molecular mechanisms of anti‐inflammatory action of glucocorticoids (1996)

Glucocorticoid hormones are effective in controlling inflammation, but the mechanisms that confer this action are largely unknown. Recent advances in this field have shown that both positive and negative regulation of gene expression are necessary for this process. The genes whose activity are modulated in the anti-inflammatory process code for several cytokines, adhesion molecules and enzymes. Most of them do not carry a classical binding site for regulation by a glucocorticoid receptor, but have instead regulatory sequences for transcription factors such as AP-1 or NF-kappa B. This makes them unusual targets for glucocorticoid action and emphasizes the need for novel regulatory mechanisms. Recent studies describe an important contribution by protein-protein interactions, in which several domains of the receptor participate; these studies provide a better understanding of the action of the receptor and offer opportunities for the design of steroidal compounds that could function more effectively as anti-inflammatory drugs.
Estrogen receptor transcription and transactivation Basic aspects of estrogen action (2000)

Estrogen signaling has turned out to be much more complex and exciting than previously thought; the paradigm shift in our understanding of estrogen action came in 1996, when the presence of a new estrogen receptor (ER), ERbeta, was reported. An intricate interplay between the classical ERalpha and the novel ERbeta is of paramount importance for the final biological effect of estrogen in different target cells.
IL-6 activated integrated BATF/IRF4 functions in lymphocytes are T-bet-independent and reversed by subcutaneous immunotherapy (2013)

IL-6 plays a central role in supporting pathological T(H2) and T(H17) cell development and inhibiting the protective T regulatory cells in allergic asthma. T(H17) cells have been demonstrated to regulate allergic asthma in general and T-bet-deficiency-induced asthma in particular. Here we found an inverse correlation between T-bet and Il-6 mRNA expression in asthmatic children. Moreover, experimental subcutaneous immunotherapy (SIT) in T-bet((-/-)) mice inhibited IL-6, IL-21R and lung T(H17) cells in a setting of asthma. Finally, local delivery of an anti-IL-6R antibody in T-bet((-/-)) mice resulted in the resolution of this allergic trait. Noteworthy, BATF, crucial for the immunoglobulin-class-switch and T(H2),T(H17) development, was found down-regulated in the lungs of T-bet((-/-)) mice after SIT and after treatment with anti-IL-6R antibody, indicating a critical role of IL-6 in controlling BATF/IRF4 integrated functions in T(H2), T(H17) cells and B cells also in a T-bet independent fashion in allergic asthma.
GaInN quantum wells grown on facets of selectively grown GaN stripes (2005)

Multiple GaInN quantum wells (QWs) were grown on facets with reduced piezoelectric fields (PFs) of selectively grown GaN stripes oriented along the ⟨11¯00⟩ and ⟨112¯0⟩ directions by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. We found a higher normalized growth rate for the GaInN QWs on the {11¯01} facets compared to the {112¯2} facets and the planar grown reference sample on unstructured template. The different luminescence wavelengths observed for the QWs on these different facets can partly be explained by the reduced PFs, but additionally indicate that the In incorporation efficiency depends on the facet type. On stripes with trapezoidal cross section, we found strong interfacet migration of In and Ga changing the local thickness and composition significantly.
Exosomal MicroRNA Transfer Into Macrophages Mediates Cellular Postconditioning (2017)

Our data support the hypothesis that exosomal transfer of miR-181b from CDCs into Mϕ reduces PKCδ transcript levels and underlies the cardioprotective effects of CDCs administered after reperfusion.