gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the effect of UV and formalin inactivation on the stability and immunogenicity of a Coxsackievirus B1 vaccine (2019)

Type B Coxsackieviruses (CVBs) belong to the enterovirus genus, and they cause both acute and chronic diseases in humans. CVB infections usually lead to flu-like symptoms but can also result in more serious diseases such as myocarditis, aseptic meningitis and life-threatening multi-organ infections in young infants. Thus, CVBs have long been considered as important targets of future vaccines. We have previously observed CVB1 capsid disintegration and virus concentration decrease with 12-day long formalin inactivation protocol. Here a scalable ion exchange chromatography purification method was developed, and purified CVB1 was inactivated with UV-C or formalin. Virus morphology and concentration remained unchanged, when the UV (2 min) or formalin (5 days) inactivation were performed in the presence of tween80 detergent. The concentration of the native and UV inactivated CVB1 remained constant at 4 °C during a six months stability study, whereas the concentration of the formalin inactivated vaccine decreased 29% during this time. UV treatment decreased, whereas formalin treatment increased the thermal stability of the capsid. The formalin inactivated CVB1 vaccine was more immunogenic than the UV inactivated vaccine; the protective neutralizing antibody levels were higher in mice immunized with formalin inactivated vaccine. High levels of CVB1 neutralizing antibodies as well as IgG1 antibodies were detected in mice that were protected against viremia induced by experimental CVB1 infection. In conclusion, this study describes a scalable ion exchange chromatography purification method and optimized 5-day long formalin inactivation method that preserves CVB1 capsid structure and immunogenicity. Formalin treatment stabilizes the virus particle at elevated temperatures, and the formalin inactivated vaccine induces high levels of serum IgG1 antibodies (Th2 type response) and protective levels of neutralizing antibodies. Formalin inactivated CVB vaccines are promising candidates for human clinical trials.
Clinical relevance of distal deep vein thrombosis (2008)

One standard diagnostic approach of suspected deep vein thrombosis consists of serial lower limb compression ultrasound of proximal veins. Studies evaluating compression ultrasound limited to the proximal veins performed on two occasions separated by 1 week showed good safety with a pooled estimate of the 3-month thromboembolic events rate of 0.6% (95% confidence interval: 0.4-0.9%) in untreated patients. However, performing two lower limbs compression ultrasound is cumbersome and expensive. Recently, studies using a single complete (proximal and distal) compression ultrasound showed a similar pooled estimate of the 3-month thromboembolic risk (0.3%, 95% confidence interval: 0.1-0.6%) but distal deep vein thrombosis accounted for as many as 50% of all diagnosed deep vein thrombosis in those series. Comparing these studies may suggest that systematically searching for calf deep vein thrombosis potentially doubles the number of patients given anticoagulant treatment without reducing the 3-month thromboembolic risk. Despite these data, many physicians still search for and treat distal deep vein thrombosis in the fear of proximal extension and of pulmonary embolism. However, robust data in favour of anticoagulation for distal deep vein thrombosis are limited. Randomized trials assessing the usefulness of anticoagulation in distal deep vein thrombosis are therefore urgently needed.
Two-Stage List Sphere Decoding for Under-Determined Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems (2013)

A two-stage list sphere decoding (LSD) algorithm is proposed for under-determined multiple-input multiple-output (UD-MIMO) systems that employ N transmit antennas and M<;N receive antennas. The two-stage LSD algorithm exploits the unique structure of UD-MIMO systems by dividing the N detection layers into two groups. Group 1 contains layers 1 to M that have similar structures as a symmetric MIMO system; while Group 2 contains layers M+1 to N that contribute to the rank deficiency of the channel Gram matrix. Tree search algorithms are used for both groups, but with different search radii. A new method is proposed to adaptively adjust the tree search radius of Group 2 based on the statistical properties of the received signals. The employment of the adaptive tree search can significantly reduce the computation complexity. We also propose a modified channel Gram matrix to combat the rank deficiency problem, and it provides better performance than the generalized Gram matrix used in the Generalized Sphere-Decoding (GSD) algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed two-stage LSD algorithm can reduce the complexity by one to two orders of magnitude with less than 0.1 dB degradation in the Bit-Error-Rate (BER) performance.
Parametric Adaptive Matched Filter and its Modified Version (2006)

The parametric adaptive matched filter (PAMF) for space-time adaptive processing (STAP) has been an interesting research area in the airborne radar data processing community over the last decade. Starting from providing a complete formulation of PAMF, this report assesses the performance of PAMF using simulated data as well as real airborne data collected by the Multi-channel Airborne Radar Measurements (MCARM) system with use of results from the conventional STAP as a benchmark. A modified PAMF approach using both forward and backward predictions is proposed to eliminate the dimensionality loss of the method. Finally the operational counts and computational savings of PAMF are also estimated.
The Effects of Shrinkage on Long-term Slab Deflection (2010)

A number of reinforced concrete slabs were tested to investigate the effects of shrinkage on the deflection of reinforced concrete flexural members and the change in tension stiffening with time. Results show that drying shrinkage plays an important role in the time-dependent stiffness of flexural members, both before and after cracking occurs. In addition, shrinkage causes a time-dependent increase in crack widths and additional time dependent cracking which reduces the average crack spacing and is the dominant factor in the reduction of tension stiffening with time.
Ultrasonic chemical oxidative degradations of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids and their mechanistic elucidations (2007)

A highly efficient process for oxidative degradation of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids in hydrogen peroxide/acetic acid aqueous medium assisted by ultrasonic chemical irradiation is, for the first time, described. It is shown that more than 93% of the 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cation with the corresponding Cl-, Br-, BF4- and PF6- counter-anions at a concentration of 2.5 mM can be degraded at 50 degrees C within 12 h while at 72 h the conversions approach 99%. A tentative mechanism for the degradation of these ILs is for the first time proposed through a detailed kinetic analysis of several characteristic transients and/or immediate products, which are identified during the ILs degradation using GC-MS. The results clearly indicate that three hydrogen atoms in the imidazolium ring are the first sites preferably oxidized, followed by cleavage of the alkyl groups attached to the N atoms from the ring. The nature of the alkyl chain length on the imidazolium ring and the type of counter anion do not seem to affect the degradation process. Further, selective fragmentations of C-N bonds of the imidazolium or derived ring lead to ring opening, forming degraded intermediates. It is also shown that acetoxyacetic acid and biurea are the final kinetically stable degraded products from the ILs under the degradation conditions.
A new class of UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristol)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC) inhibitors for the treatment of Gram-negative infections: PCT application WO 2008027466 (2009)

The LpxC inhibitors disclosed in PCT application WO 2008027466 contain hydantoins in place of the hydroxamic acids commonly found in most previously described inhibitors. These molecules could represent a means of treating Gram-negative infections via a more selective inhibition of LpxC.
The role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Met1p and Met8p in sirohaem and cobalamin biosynthesis (1999)

MET1 and MET8 mutants of Saccharomyces cere isiae can be complemented by Salmonella typhimurium cysG, indicating that the genes are involved in the transformation of uroporphyrinogen III into sirohaem.In the present study, we have demonstrated complementation of defined cysG mutants of Sal.typhimurium and Escherichia coli, with either MET1 or MET8 cloned in tandem with Pseudomonas denitrificans cobA.The conclusion drawn from these experiments is that MET1 encodes the Sadenosyl--methionine uroporphyrinogen III transmethylase activity, and MET8 encodes the dehydrogenase and chelatase activities (all three functions are encoded by Sal.typhimurium and E. coli cysG).MET8 was further cloned into pET14b to allow expression of the protein with an N-terminal His-tag.After Eight molecules of ALA are required for the synthesis of uroporphyrinogen III, a transformation that requires three enzymes.Sirohaem is generated from uroporphyrinogen III by two AdoMet-dependent C-methylations at positions 2 and 7, an NAD + -dependent dehydrogenation and ferrochelation.Abbreviations used : AdoMet, S-adenosyl-L-methionine ; ALA, 5-aminolaevulinic acid ; CobA, uroporphyrinogen transmethylase ; CysG, sirohaem synthase ; PBG, porphobilinogen.1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail m
Disturbed Secretory Capacity for Macrophage Inflammatory Protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β in Progressive HIV Infection (2004)

The protective role of beta-chemokines in HIV infection and disease remains controversial. Contradictory findings have been reported possibly as the result of different beta-chemokine detection methods. To test this, peripheral blood lymphocytes from treatment-naive HIV patients, patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and uninfected controls were assessed for intracellular beta-chemokine levels in comparison with levels of beta-chemokine secretion in culture supernatants. HIV patients had significantly higher intracellular levels of macrophages inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta than uninfected control subjects. In contrast, MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta supernatant levels were significantly lower in HIV patients than in controls. Interestingly, both intracellular and supernatant levels of RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) were significantly increased in HIV patients. Prolonged (> 3 years) administration of HAART in HIV patients normalized the intracellular levels of MIP-1 beta and RANTES and restored the decreased supernatant levels of MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta to levels observed among controls. Significant direct correlations observed between the intracellular and the supernatant levels of beta-chemokines in controls were lost in treatment-naive (except MIP-1 beta) and HAART-treated patients (except RANTES after 3 years of HAART). These data indicate that lymphocytes of HIV patients display a disrupted capacity to secrete the beta-chemokines MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta, which may constitute a mechanism of immune dysfunction in progressive HIV infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the detection of beta-chemokines in HIV patients by different methods may indeed result in contradictory findings.
Ultra-photostable n-type PPVs (2004)

Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s containing trifluoromethyl substituted aromatic rings (CF3-PPVs) exhibit high photooxidative stability to give robust materials suitable for demanding applications.
Acousto-optic supermultispectral imaging (1993)

An assumption of supermultispectral imaging is presented. The focal point is to encode an object between spatial and spectral information with a tunable bandpass filter, which is called the spatial-spectral encoder. Theoretical and experimental results have verified that the assumption is correct. A supermultispectral imaging system that uses an acousto-optic tunable filter as the encoder was based on the assumption. Approximately 5 nm of spectral resolution with 10° × 10° of the two-dimensional instant field of view was obtained in the visible range. The most fascinating features may be that the spectral resolution is insensitive to the field of view and effective optical aperture and that the system has no mechanical moving parts.
Regulation and structure of anEscherichia coligene coding for an outer membrane protein involved in export of K88ab fimbrial subunits (1986)

The nucleotide sequence of the faeD gene of Escherichia coli and the amino acid sequence of its product is presented. The faeD product is an outer membrane protein required for transport of K88ab fimbrial subunits across the outer membrane. The protein is synthesized as a precursor containing a signal peptide, and the tentative mature protein comprises 777 amino acid residues. The distribution of amino acids in the faeD protein is similar to that of other outer membrane proteins; showing a fairly even distribution of charged residues and the absence of extensive hydrophobic stretches. Secondary structure predictions revealed a region of 250 amino acid residues which might be embedded in the outer membrane. The 5'-end of faeD is located within a region showing dyad symmetry. This region serves to couple translation of faeD to the translation of the gene preceding it (faeC). The 3'-end of faeD shows an overlap of 5 bases with the next gene (faeE).
Advances in the Synthesis of Iodoaromatic Compounds (1988)

Iodoaromatic compounds are useful synthetic reagents for fine organic synthesis. Advances in the synthesis of aromatic iodo derivatives of various classes by the Sandmeyer reaction, direct iodination, iododethallation, and other methods are examined. Data concerning the synthesis of polyiodoarenes are also presented. This review concentrates on synthetically useful reactions, reported mainly from 1965 through 1985. 1. Introduction 2. Mononuclear Aromatic Compounds 2.1. Benzene and its Derivatives 2.2. Sandmeyer Reaction 2.3. Direct Iodination 2.4. Iododethallation 2.5. Synthesis of Polyiodoarenes 2.6. Miscellaneous Methods 3. Phenols and Primary Aromatic Amines 3.1. Iodination of Phenols 3.2. Iodination of Amines 3.3. Selective ortho-Iodination 4. Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds 4.1. Direct Iodination 4.2. Miscellaneous Methods 5. Conclusion
CASH CONVERSION CYCLE AND FIRM SIZE: A STUDY OF RETAIL FIRMS (1993)

Many businesses are faced with liquidity problems for various reasons. This is especially true for small businesses, since most must operate with fewer sources of both short and long term financing than larger firms. Where less financing is available, more assets must be held in liquid form to meet daily transactions and emergency requirements. Larger firms, that have better access to both the money and capital markets, can afford to hold fewer current assets and meet cash requirements just as quickly and efficiently through borrowing.
Use ofCandidaantigen injections for the treatment of verruca vulgaris: A two-year mayo clinic experience (2015)

Common warts (verruca vulgaris) are one of the most common problems encountered in dermatology and may present a difficult treatment dilemma, as no particular therapy has demonstrated complete efficacy. Intralesional injection of purified Candida antigen has produced impressive treatment results in small prospective and retrospective studies and is thought to produce its effect through stimulation of a cell-mediated immune response. We report a retrospective study of adult and pediatric patients treated with Candida antigen therapy in clinical practice. Of the 100 patients treated, 80% responded to therapy: 39% demonstrated a complete response and 41% demonstrated a partial response. In addition, 6 out of 7 immunocompromised patients who were treated demonstrated a partial or complete response. Injections were generally well-tolerated and adverse events were minimal and short-lived. Our data indicate that intralesional Candida antigen therapy for cutaneous warts is an efficacious option in a clinical practice setting. The treatment may also be effective in immunosuppressed patients with cutaneous warts. Our results add to the literature one of the largest retrospective series reported to date and treatment outcomes are similar to previously reported studies evaluating this therapeutic modality.
ESR studies of photochemical reactions of diphenylamines, phenothiazines, and phenoxazines (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTESR studies of photochemical reactions of diphenylamines, phenothiazines, and phenoxazinesTien Sung Lin and Joel RetskyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 12, 2687–2689Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100403a026https://doi.org/10.1021/j100403a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views213Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Sustained-Release Morphine on Breathlessness and Quality of Life in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1998)

Morphine has been proposed as a treatment for breathlessness in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but there is uncertainty as to whether or not it is effective. Orally administered sustained-release morphine was compared with placebo in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial with two 6-wk treatment periods separated by a 2-wk washout period. The primary end point was quality of life measured using the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ). Secondary end points included 6-min walk (6MW), distance, and breathlessness scores. Sixteen subjects with a mean age 70.7 yr, FEV1 of 0.6 L, and VC of 1.90 L were studied. There was no change in the total CRQ score with either treatment, but the score on the Mastery subscale was significantly worse with morphine (p = 0.02). The 6MW distance increased by 21 m from the beginning to the end of the placebo treatment period, but it decreased by 35 m with morphine (p = 0.04). There were no differences between treatments in breathlessness scored on daily diary cards or on the Dyspnea subscale of the CRQ. Almost all the subjects experienced adverse effects related to morphine. Sustained-release morphine was not a useful treatment for breathlessness in these patients with severe COPD.
Direct evidence that Gi-coupled receptor stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase is mediated by G beta gamma activation of p21ras. (1994)

Stimulation of Gi-coupled receptors leads to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases). In several cell types, this appears to be dependent on the activation of p21ras (Ras). Which G-protein subunit(s) (G alpha or the G beta gamma complex) primarily is responsible for triggering this signaling pathway, however, is unclear. We have demonstrated previously that the carboxyl terminus of the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase, containing its G beta gamma-binding domain, is a cellular G beta gamma antagonist capable of specifically distinguishing G alpha- and G beta gamma-mediated processes. Using this G beta gamma inhibitor, we studied Ras and MAP kinase activation through endogenous Gi-coupled receptors in Rat-1 fibroblasts and through receptors expressed by transiently transfected COS-7 cells. We report here that both Ras and MAP kinase activation in response to lysophosphatidic acid is markedly attenuated in Rat-1 cells stably transfected with a plasmid encoding this G beta gamma antagonist. Likewise in COS-7 cells transfected with plasmids encoding Gi-coupled receptors (alpha 2-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic), the activation of Ras and MAP kinase was significantly reduced in the presence of the coexpressed G beta gamma antagonist. Ras-MAP kinase activation mediated through a Gq-coupled receptor (alpha 1-adrenergic) or the tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor was unaltered by this G beta gamma antagonist. These results identify G beta gamma as the primary mediator of Ras activation and subsequent signaling via MAP kinase in response to stimulation of Gi-coupled receptors.
ATR and ATRIP: Partners in Checkpoint Signaling (2001)

The checkpoint kinases ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ATM and Rad3 related) transduce genomic stress signals to halt cell cycle progression and promote DNA repair. We report the identification of an ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) that is phosphorylated by ATR, regulates ATR expression, and is an essential component of the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. ATR and ATRIP both localize to intranuclear foci after DNA damage or inhibition of replication. Deletion of ATR mediated by the Cre recombinase caused the loss of ATR and ATRIP expression, loss of DNA damage checkpoint responses, and cell death. Therefore, ATR is essential for the viability of human somatic cells. Small interfering RNA directed against ATRIP caused the loss of both ATRIP and ATR expression and the loss of checkpoint responses to DNA damage. Thus, ATRIP and ATR are mutually dependent partners in cell cycle checkpoint signaling pathways.
Multiple loci for synapse protein SNAP-25 in the tetraploid goldfish. (1993)

The common goldfish Carassius auratus is tetraploid and has 100 chromosomes. We describe here goldfish cDNA clones for SNAP-25, a 200-amino-acid synaptosome-associated protein that has remained highly conserved during evolution. SNAP-25 occurs as a single-copy gene in mouse, chicken, and Drosophila melanogaster. Sequences of six distinct goldfish cDNA clones and Southern hybridizations show that the goldfish has three, or possibly four, SNAP-25 loci rather than two as expected. A gene duplication early in actinopterygian fish evolution gave rise to the loci SnapA and SnapB. The proteins SNAP-A and SNAP-B are 94% and 91% identical to the mouse protein but are only 91% identical to each other. SNAP-B has a larger number of unique amino acid replacements than SNAP-A and also has more dramatic replacements. The tetraploidization resulted in two SnapB loci whose divergence from each other is consistent with a tetraploidization event 15-20 million years ago. The presence of duplicate SnapA loci has not yet been possible to confirm, possibly because they are still very similar to each other. Two of the SnapA cDNA clones and one SnapB cDNA clone have frameshift mutations. As these aberrant alleles otherwise display high sequence identity to the functional alleles, they probably became nonfunctional recently. The findings of allelic variability and aberrant alleles emphasize the importance of characterizing multiple DNA clones in tetraploid species.
Correlation between cyclooxygenase-2 expression and angiogenesis in human breast cancer. (2003)

This study demonstrates a novel relationship between COX-2 expression and the neovasculature of human breast adenocarcinomas. If this is a functional relationship, it provides support for a potential therapeutic role of COX-2 inhibitors in human breast cancer tissue via their antiangiogenic properties.