gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning vector system for Corynebacterium glutamicum (1985)

A protoplast transformation system has been developed for Corynebacterium glutamicum by using a C. glutamicum-Bacillus subtilis chimeric vector. The chimera was constructed by joining a 3.0-kilobase cryptic C. glutamicum plasmid and the B. subtilis plasmid pBD10. The neomycin resistance gene on the chimera, pHY416, was expressed in C. glutamicum, although the chloramphenicol resistance gene was not. The various parameters in the transformation protocol were analyzed separately and optimized. The resulting transformation system is simple and routinely yields 10(4) transformants per microgram of plasmid DNA.
Dihydrocodeine as an Opioid Analgesic for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Chronic Pain (2010)

Dihydrocodeine (DHC) is a semi-synthetic analogue of codeine which was formed by the hydrogenation of the double tie in the main chain of the codeine molecule. DHC is used as an analgesic, antitussive and antidiarrhoeal agent; it is also used for the treatment of opioid addiction. Limited data is available on the relative potency of DHC to other opioids. The analgesic effect of DHC is probably twice as potent as codeine for the parenteral and slightly stronger for an oral route. DHC possesses approximately 1/6(th) of the morphine analgesic effect when drugs are administered orally. In this article pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, dosing guidelines, adverse effects and clinical studies of DHC in pain management are shown with focus on cancer pain. The impact of CYP2D6 activity on DHC analgesia was discussed and a proposal of calculation equianalgesic doses of DHC to other opioids was put forward.
Claudin 18.2 is a target for IMAB362 antibody in pancreatic neoplasms (2013)

The majority of pancreatic neoplasms are characterized by a generally lethal progress within a short period of time after primary diagnosis and the mortality of patients is expected to increase further. Due to lack of efficient screening programs and moderate response to treatments, novel compounds for treatment are needed. We investigated the CLDN18.2 expression in affected patients as in vitro feasibility study for a potential treatment with the novel antibody IMAB362. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of CLDN18.2 in normal pancreatic tissues (N = 24), primary lesions (N = 202), metastases (N = 84) and intra-individually matched samples (N = 48) of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) and acinar cell carcinoma. A standardized method for evaluation by immunohistochemistry was developed. The specific staining was evaluated by two independent raters and analysis of staining intensities (range 0-3+) and relative proportions of tumor cells were performed. One hundred three (59.2%) samples of primary PDAC were found positive. The vast majority of positive samples were characterized to highly express CLDN18.2: 54.6% (N = 95) with staining intensities of ≥ 2+. NEN were positive in 20% of cases (all ≥ 2+). Metastases of pancreatic neoplasms were also frequently found positive with comparable high rates (69.4% of lymph node and 65.7% of liver metastases). The rate of CLDN18.2 positivity is high in pancreatic neoplasms whereby the expression is not limited to the primaries but is also maintained upon metastasis. Thus, a considerable number of patients with pancreatic neoplasms would be in principle eligible for a CLDN18.2-targeting approach.
A peptide derived from the amino terminus of endothelial-monocyte-activating polypeptide II modulates mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions, defines an apparently novel cellular interaction site, and induces an acute inflammatory response (1994)

Endothelial-monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II) is a novel mediator isolated from conditioned medium of methylcholanthrene A-induced tumor cells which modulates properties of endothelial cells, mononuclear phagocytes (MPs), and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in vitro and induces an acute inflammatory response in vivo. A synthetic peptide comprising 15 residues from the N-terminal region (residues 6-20) was shown to induce directional migration of MPs and PMNs, with half-maximal effect at approximately 200-250 pM, whereas a peptide from the C terminus of EMAP II, as well as other irrelevant peptides, were without effect. Modulation of cellular phenotype by EMAP II-derived peptide was suggested by peptide-induced elevation of cytosolic free calcium concentration in fura-2-loaded MPs and PMNs and by stimulation of peroxidase release in PMNs. Consistent with these in vitro data, EMAP II-derived N-terminal peptide-albumin conjugates injected into the mouse footpad elicited inflammatory cell tissue infiltration, whereas albumin alone or EMAP II-derived C-terminal peptide conjugated to albumin incited little response. Binding of 125I-labeled EMAP II-derived peptide (residues 12-20) to MPs was saturable (Kd approximately 200 pM) and was blocked in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of intact EMAP II and unlabeled EMAP II-derived peptides (residues 6-20 and 12-20), whereas interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, formyl-methionyl-leucinyl-phenylalanine, or irrelevant peptides were without effect. Cross-linking of 125I-EMAP II-derived peptide (residues 12-20) by disuccinimidyl suberate to human MPs demonstrated a band, approximately 73 kDa, on reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 125I-EMAP II-derived peptide also demonstrated specific binding to human PMNs and murine RAW cells. These data indicate that the N-terminal region of EMAP II defines a biologically active locus of the molecule which interacts with target cells via a potentially novel cellular receptor.
Giant, Level-Dependent g Factors in InSb Nanowire Quantum Dots (2009)

We report on magnetotransport measurements on InSb nanowire quantum dots. The measurements show that the quantum levels of the InSb quantum dots have giant g factors, with absolute values up to approximately 70, the largest value ever reported for semiconductor quantum dots. We also observe that the values of these g factors are quantum level dependent and can differ strongly between different quantum levels. The presence of giant g factors indicates that considerable contributions from the orbital motion of electrons are preserved in the measured InSb nanowire quantum dots, while the level-to-level fluctuations arise from spin-orbit interaction. We have deduced a value of Delta(SO) = 280 mueV for the strength of spin-orbit interaction from an avoided level crossing between the ground state and first excited state of an InSb nanowire quantum dot with a fixed number of electrons.
Collagen fibril formation (1996)

Collagen is most abundant in animal tissues as very long fibrils with a characteristic axial periodic structure. The fibrils provide the major biomechanical scaffold for cell attachment and anchorage of macromolecules, allowing the shape and form of tissues to be defined and maintained. How the fibrils are formed from their monomeric precursors is the primary concern of this review. Collagen fibril formation is basically a self-assembly process (i.e. one which is to a large extent determined by the intrinsic properties of the collagen molecules themselves) but it is also sensitive to cell-mediated regulation, particularly in young or healing tissues. Recent attention has been focused on "early fibrils' or "fibril segments' of approximately 10 microns in length which appear to be intermediates in the formation of mature fibrils that can grow to be hundreds of micrometers in length. Data from several laboratories indicate that these early fibrils can be unipolar (with all molecules pointing in the same direction) or bipolar (in which the orientation of collagen molecules reverses at a single location along the fibril). The occurrence of such early fibrils has major implications for tissue morphogenesis and repair. In this article we review the current understanding of the origin of unipolar and bipolar fibrils, and how mature fibrils are assembled from early fibrils. We include preliminary evidence from invertebrates which suggests that the principles for bipolar fibril assembly were established at least 500 million years ago.
Chemoselective Ligation Applied to the Synthesis of a Biantennary N-Linked Glycoform of CD52 (2003)

We report here a strategy for the synthesis of N-linked glycopeptide analogues that replace the glycosidic linkages extending from the core pentasaccharide with thioethers amenable to construction by chemoselective ligation. The key building block, a pentasaccharide-Asn analogue containing two thiol residues, was incorporated into CD52 by 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-based solid-phase peptide synthesis. An undecasaccharide mimetic was then readily generated by alkylation of this glycopeptide with an N-bromoacetamido trisaccharide. The rapid assembly of a complex type N-linked glycopeptide mimetic was accomplished using this technique.
Control of Enzyme Levels in Animal Tissues (1970)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Treatment-Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyps is Associated with Altered Epithelial Cell Expression of Interleukin-33 (2010)

Mucosal innate immunity likely plays an important role in CRSwNP pathogenesis. A definitive link between infectious triggers and the development of Th2 inflammation has been elusive. We have found constitutive IL-33 expression by SNECs in recalcitrant CRSwNPs, which can be further induced by a bacteria-associated molecular pattern. Dysregulated epithelial cell immune interactions between host and environment may contribute to Th2 inflammation in CRSwNPs.
Patient Self‐Reporting of Compliance Does Not Correspond with Electronic Monitoring: An Evaluation Using Isosorbide Dinitrate as a Model Drug (1997)

Patient-kept diaries statistically overestimate actual compliance relative to that determined by MEMS devices. Given the prevalence of the use of diaries as the predominant tool on which researchers depend to document compliance with study drugs, our findings suggest that this practice should be reevaluated specifically when the time of the dose and documentation of administration are critical to qualifying the outcome of drug therapy. Such is the case with isosorbide dinitrate use in patients with ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, the overall poor compliance documented in this study suggests that the utility of isosorbide dinitrate prescribed 3 times/day be reevaluated as a clinically effective antianginal drug.
Rapid increase in red blood cell density driven by K:Cl cotransport in a subset of sickle cell anemia reticulocytes and discocytes (1991)

We have previously demonstrated that young normal (AA) and sickle cell anemia (SS) red blood cells are capable of a volume regulatory decrease response (VRD) driven by a K:Cl cotransporter that is activated by low pH or hypotonic conditions. We now report on the characteristics of young SS cells (SS2, discocytes) capable of rapid increase in density in response to swelling. We have isolated cells with high VRD response (H-VRD) and low VRD response (L-VRD) cells by incubation and density-gradient centrifugation under hypotonic conditions. Comparison of these cells in patients homozygous for hemoglobin (Hb)S indicated that H-VRD cells have 91% more reticulocytes (P less than 9 x 10(-9) than L-VRD cells, 25% less HbF (P less than 5.5 x 10(-5), 106% more NEM (N-methylmaleimide)-stimulated K:Cl cotransport activity (P less than 2 x 10(-4), and 86% more volume-stimulated K:Cl cotransport activity (P less than 1.8 x 10(-3). H-VRD and L-VRD cells have similar G-6-PD and Na+/H+ antiport activity. In agreement with the reduced percent HbF in H-VRD cells, F cells (red blood cells that contain fetal Hb) are depleted from the H-VRD population; however, F reticulocytes are enriched in the H-VRD population to the same extent as non-F reticulocytes, which suggests that both F and non-F reticulocytes have a similar initial distribution of volume-sensitive K:Cl cotransport activity but that it may be more rapidly inactivated in F than in S reticulocytes. We find that H-VRD cells consist of 20% reticulocytes (or 79% of all reticulocytes in SS2) and 80% more mature cells. This study demonstrates the role of K:Cl cotransport in determining red blood cell density, the heterogeneity of K:Cl cotransport activity in reticulocytes, and the capacity for rapid change in the density of reticulocytes with high K:Cl cotransport activity. We speculate that the H-VRD population may be more susceptible to generation of dense and irreversibly sickled cells.
The FRIENDS platform-A software platform for advanced services and applications (2002)

New high-speed networks provide new opportunities for service providers to offer advanced voice, data, and multimedia services. This paper describes an extendible framework for the efficient creation and deployment of services. The framework integrates the needs of service providers, service developers, and end users within a single coherent architecture. In this architecture, services are composed of distributed software components. The framework provides the infrastructure for component interaction and encourages reuse of service logic from a rich set of basic components. This paper describes details of both the infrastructure and the components that implement the reusable service logic. The application of the service framework is illustrated by a case study of a multi-party service for collaborative work in project teams. The integration of the service framework and the Lucent Softswitch is a promising direction for future research.
Mitogenic activation of human T cells induces two closely related genes which share structural similarities with a new family of secreted factors. (1989)

Previously we have isolated about 60 novel cDNA clones whose corresponding mRNAs are induced by mitogenic activation in human peripheral blood T cells. Here we describe the primary structure and regulation of two such cloned genes, pAT 464 and pAT 744, which may encode new lymphokines/cytokines. Similar to IL-2, both genes require the synergy of agents such as PHA and PMA for optimal expression, and, in addition, the induction of both is sensitive to the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A. The two genes can be expressed in T cells, B cells, and the promyelocytic cell line HL60, but they are not expressed in human fibroblasts, suggesting that their expression is restricted to hematopoietic lineages. The predicted peptides encoded by these two clones feature hydrophobic N-terminal leaders characteristic of secreted proteins. The predicted size of both proteins is about 8 kDa upon cleavage of the putative leader peptide. pAT 464 and pAT 744 are very similar to each other and also share some critical amino acid similarity with a newly emerging family of secreted factors including connective tissue activating factor III, platelet factor 4, an IFN-gamma-induced factor, macrophage inflammatory protein, and a factor chemotactic to neutrophils (3-10C, monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor, neutrophil-activating factor). Some of these factors have been shown to display functions associated with an inflammatory response and/or have mitogenic activities. Collectively, the data presented here suggest that pAT 464 and pAT 744 encode novel lymphokines/cytokines which may play roles during an immune response similar to those enacted by these structurally related factors.
A Canarypox Vector–Expressing Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Phosphoprotein 65 Induces Long‐Lasting Cytotoxic T Cell Responses in Human CMV‐Seronegative Subjects (2001)

The major matrix phosphoprotein 65 (pp65) of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important target of HLA-restricted cytotoxic T cells (CTL) after natural infection. A canarypox-CMV pp65 recombinant was studied for its ability to induce CMV pp65-specific CTL, helper T lymphocytes, and antibodies in a phase I clinical trial. Twenty-one CMV-seronegative adult volunteers were randomized to receive immunizations at months 0, 1, 3, and 6 with either canarypox-CMV pp65 or placebo. In canarypox-CMV pp65-immunized subjects, pp65-specific CTL were elicited after only 2 vaccinations and were present at months 12 and 26 in all subjects tested. Cell-depletion studies indicated that the CTL were phenotype CD8(+). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferated in response to stimulation with purified pp65, and antibodies specific for pp65 also were detected. Canarypox-CMV pp65 is the first recombinant vaccine to elicit CMV-specific CTL responses, which suggests the potential usefulness of this approach in preventing disease caused by CMV.
Microwave performance of SOI n-MOSFETs and coplanar waveguides (1991)

The microwave performance of 1- mu m gate-length n-MOSFETs fabricated on both SIMOX and BESOI substrates was measured. The process included a self-aligned silicide in an otherwise conventional MOS sequence. Initial optimization yielded devices with an f/sub max/ of 14 GHz on BESOI and 11 GHz on SIMOX. Coplanar waveguides (CPWs) were fabricated on substrates with resistivities from 4 to 4000 Omega -cm. A loss of 1.8 dB/cm at 2 GHz was demonstrated on the 4000- Omega -cm float-zone substrate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Generation and use of site-specific antibodies to serum amyloid A for probing amyloid A development. (1990)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase reactant and the putative precursor of an amyloid fibril protein (AA). During amyloidogenesis in mice, the C-terminal portion of SAA that consists of 28 amino acids is cleaved off to produce the 75 amino acid AA. Of three known isotypes of SAA, SAA2 has been identified as amyloidogenic. For differential immunologic recognition of SAA and AA, antisera were generated in rabbits against AA protein and a synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal (amino acids 84 to 103) of murine SAA2. The anti-AA antiserum reacted with AA and SAA, but the anti-peptide antiserum reacted with SAA only. Immunohistochemically anti-peptide antiserum predominantly stained the rims of murine amyloid deposits. In contrast, anti-AA antiserum generated an overall homogeneous staining of amyloid deposits. The data lend support to a view that SAA are concentrated in the vicinity of the surrounding cells (mostly macrophages) where they are processed to AA, or that SAA are deposited initially as components of the amyloid fibrils onto the outside margin of amyloid deposits and the C-terminus is cleaved off as maturation of the amyloid fibril progresses.
Albumin Labeled with Gd-DTPA (1987)

A paramagnetic-labeled macromolecule, albumin-(Gd-DTPA), was prepared for use as an intravascular contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. An average of 19 Gd-DTPA chelates were covalently conjugated to human serum albumin through the bifunctional anhydride of DTPA. The albumin-(Gd-DTPA) was characterized with use of high-performance liquid chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, atomic absorption, biuret and Bradford protein tests, and by its effect on proton relaxation (relaxivity). The average molecular weight was 92,000 daltons, indicating the albumin conjugate was predominantly monomeric. The T1 relaxivity of albumin-(Gd-DTPA) was 273 mM-1 sec-1 relative to carrier concentration, which corresponds to a relaxivity of 14.9 mM-1 sec-1 relative to gadolinium concentration. The average conditional stability constant for albumin-bound Gd-DTPA chelate was log K = 20.0. Spin-echo images of rats demonstrated persistent enhancement of vascular tissues and slowly flowing blood. Application of albumin-(Gd-DTPA) may augment the MR assessments of blood volume, tissue perfusion, and flow characteristics.
Antitumor activity of asterriquinones from Aspergillus fungi. IV. An attempt to modify the structure of asterriquinones to increase the activity. (1982)

An attempt was made to obtain more potent antitumor compounds by chemically modifying asterriquinones. Amino-and aziridinyl-asterriquinone were newly synthesized, but showed no activity. However, dimethylallylation of asterriquinone Cl, which had no effect in vivo, yielded an active compound, with a change in pKa value from 5.0 to 7.2. This suggests that other active compounds may be obtained by the chemical modification of asterriquinones with various other functional groups.
Cloning, characterization, and autoimmune recognition of rat islet glutamic acid decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1991)

A 64-kDa islet protein is a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Autoantibodies against the 64-kDa protein were recently shown to immunoprecipitate glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD; L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.15) from brain and from islets. We present evidence that the autoantisera also recognize a hydrophilic islet protein of approximately 67 kDa in addition to the amphiphilic 64-kDa form. We have isolated a full-length rat islet GAD cDNA encoding a hydrophilic 67-kDa protein, which appears to be identical to rat brain 67-kDa GAD. A partial sequence of human insulinoma 67-kDa GAD was identical to human brain 67-kDa GAD. Allelic variations were observed in rat as well as in human 67-kDa GAD sequences. The expressed rat islet 67-kDa GAD protein is functional and is immunoprecipitated by IDDM sera; it comigrates electrophoretically with the 67-kDa islet autoantigen. The hydrophilic 67-kDa form of GAD in islets is an additional autoantigen in IDDM and is recognized by a different subset of autoantibodies than the 64-kDa autoantigen. Thus, mammalian cell lines expressing functionally active, recombinant GAD may become important tools to study the nature and the role of GAD autoreactivity in IDDM.
Severe and complicated malaria treated with artemisinin, artesunate or artemether in Viet Nam (1997)

One hundred and seventy five Vietnamese adults with severe and complicated malaria admitted to a rural district hospital were entered into an open randomized comparative study to compare 4 treatment regimens based on artemisinin and its derivatives. The median time of defervescence was 48 h (95% confident interval [CI] 38-58 h) in those given intramuscular (i.m.) artemether, 42 h (95% CI 36-48 h) in those given artemisinin suppositories, 36 h (95% CI 30-42 h) in those receiving artesunate (i.m.) and 30 h (95% CI 18-42 h) in those receiving intravenous artesunate (P = 0.13). The respective median parasite clearance times were 30 h (95% CI 26-34 h), 30 h (95% CI 24-36 h), 24 h (95% CI 15-33 h), and 24 h (95% CI 15-33 h) (P = 0.30); the median times for recovery of consciousness were 47 h (95% CI 31-63 h), 24 h (95% CI 18-30 h), 30 h (95% CI 18-42 h), and 24 h (95% CI 4-44 h) (P = 0.18); and the mortality rates were 11.1%, 17.6%, 10.2% and 16.6%, respectively (P = 0.64). There was no significant difference in efficacy between the 4 treatments.