gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elevation of microtubule-associated protein tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease (1995)

Currently, there is no biochemical marker clinically available to test for the presence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies suggest that the core component of AD-associated neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the microtubule-associated protein tau, might be present in CSF. This study focuses on establishing both the presence of tau in CSF and its potential utility in the diagnosis of AD. We obtained CSF from 181 individuals; 71 of these were diagnosed as having probable AD by NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. The remaining 110 individuals were divided into three groups: (1) age-matched demented non-AD patients (n = 25), (2) neurologic controls (n = 59), and (3) other controls (n = 26). We developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent tau assay using monoclonal antibodies prepared against recombinant human tau. We confirmed specificity of the antibodies by a combination of immunoprecipitation and immunoblot results. By this assay we measured that the AD population has a mean level of tau 50% greater than the non-AD dementia patients. Comparing AD patients with all other groups, the difference in tau levels as analyzed by one-way ANOVA is highly statistically significant (p < 0.001). Postmortem analysis of two AD patients with high levels of CSF tau revealed a high density of NFTs in the hippocampus. There was no significant correlation between tau and age in the non-AD groups. This study suggests that CSF tau is elevated in AD and might be a useful aid in antemortem diagnosis.
Thermal desorption spectra of SiO2 films deposited on Si and on thermal SiO2 by tetraethylorthosilicate/O3 atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (1999)

SiO 2 films deposited on Si and on thermal SiO2 by tetraethylorthosilicate [TEOS, Si(OC2H5)4]/O3 atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) were analyzed by thermal desorption spectra (TDS). The TDS results show that more silanols were incorporated during deposition and more water was absorbed during and after deposition in films deposited on Si substrates than on thermal oxide substrates. The latter result indicates that the elimination of water by-products is not the limiting step in TEOS/O3 APCVD. Based on the former result, a silanol model was proposed for the surface processes. On surfaces with a uniform and high density of silanol sites, or on which silanols readily form under TEOS/O3 APCVD conditions, the active silanol groups in the gas phase contribute to film formation and replenish silanol sites, resulting in continuous, high growth rates. On surfaces with few silanol sites, it is difficult to form silanol sites and the nonsilanol-containing polysiloxanes contribute to film formation, resulting in continuous, low growth rate. This model explains well both the surface dependence and the memory effect of TEOS/O3 APCVD.
Differential regulation of CCL21 in lymphoid/nonlymphoid tissues for effectively attracting T cells to peripheral tissues (2003)

CC chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21)/secondary lymphoid chemokine (SLC), a ligand for CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), has been demonstrated to play a vital role in the homing and localization of immune cells to lymphoid tissues, but its role in nonlymphoid tissues largely remains undefined. Here, we provide evidence that CCL21 in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues is differentially regulated by lymphotoxin-dependent (LT-dependent) and -independent mechanisms, respectively. This differential regulation is due to the selective regulation of the CCL21-Ser/CCL21a but not the CCL21-Leu/CCL21b gene by the LT and noncanonical NF-kappaB pathways. This alternate pathway, not dependent on LT or lymphocytes, leading to constitutive expression of CCL21 in nonlymphoid tissues, is critical for the initial recruitment of T lymphocytes to peripheral effector sites. CCL21 expression is subsequently further enhanced in a LT-dependent fashion following airway challenge, potentially facilitating a positive feedback loop to attract additional CCR7+ effector cells. These findings establish an essential role for CCL21 in the recruitment of effector T cells to peripheral tissues and suggest that LT-dependent and -independent regulation of CCL21 plays a role in balancing the central and peripheral immune responses between lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues.
A novel scheme for domain-transfer problem in the context of sentiment analysis (2007)

In this work, we attempt to tackle domain-transfer problem by combining old-domain labeled examples with new-domain unlabeled ones. The basic idea is to use old-domain-trained classifier to label some informative unlabeled examples in new domain, and retrain the base classifier over these selected examples. The experimental results demonstrate that proposed scheme can significantly boost the accuracy of the base sentiment classifier on new domain.
Development of Selective Covalent Janus Kinase 3 Inhibitors (2015)

The Janus kinases (JAKs) and their downstream effectors, signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs), form a critical immune cell signaling circuit, which is of fundamental importance in innate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis, and dysregulation is frequently observed in immune disease and cancer. The high degree of structural conservation of the JAK ATP binding pockets has posed a considerable challenge to medicinal chemists seeking to develop highly selective inhibitors as pharmacological probes and as clinical drugs. Here we report the discovery and optimization of 2,4-substituted pyrimidines as covalent JAK3 inhibitors that exploit a unique cysteine (Cys909) residue in JAK3. Investigation of structure-activity relationship (SAR) utilizing biochemical and transformed Ba/F3 cellular assays resulted in identification of potent and selective inhibitors such as compounds 9 and 45. A 2.9 Å cocrystal structure of JAK3 in complex with 9 confirms the covalent interaction. Compound 9 exhibited decent pharmacokinetic properties and is suitable for use in vivo. These inhibitors provide a set of useful tools to pharmacologically interrogate JAK3-dependent biology.
Origin of Germ Cells and Follicular Renewal in Adult Human Ovaries (2005)

The origin of oocytes and primary follicles in ovaries of adult mammalian females has been a matter of dispute over one hundred years and resulted in the dogma that all oocytes in adult mammalian females persist from the fetal period of life. However, from a phylogenetic viewpoint, it seems contradictory that mammalian females, including humans, would evolve a uniquely retrogressive reproductive mechanism, whereby they are required to preserve their gametes from the fetal period for up to several decades. Mitotically active germ cells have been reported in ovaries of adult prosimian primates [1] and mice [2], and we have shown that mesenchymal cells in ovarian tunica albuginea differentiate into surface epithelium, a source of germ cells entering vessels and contributing to the follicular renewal in adult human females These reports represent challenges to the established dogma on fetal origin of mammalian eggs
Identification of a cis-Regulatory Element Involved in Phytochrome Down-Regulated Expression of the Pea Small GTPase Gene pra21 (1999)

The pra2 gene encodes a pea (Pisum sativum) small GTPase belonging to the YPT/rab family, and its expression is down-regulated by light, mediated by phytochrome. We have isolated and characterized a genomic clone of this gene and constructed a fusion DNA of its 5'-upstream region in front of the gene for firefly luciferase. Using this construct in a transient assay, we determined a pra2 cis-regulatory region sufficient to direct the light down-regulation of the luciferase reporter gene. Both 5'- and internal deletion analyses revealed that the 93-bp sequence between -734 and -642 from the transcriptional start site was important for phytochrome down-regulation. Gain-of-function analysis showed that this 93-bp region could confer light down-regulation when fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Furthermore, linker-scanning analysis showed that a 12-bp sequence within the 93-bp region mediated phytochrome down-regulation. Gel-retardation analysis showed the presence of a nuclear factor that was specifically bound to the 12-bp sequence in vitro. These results indicate that this element is a cis-regulatory element involved in phytochrome down-regulated expression.
Epitope mapping of antibodies to acetylcholine receptor .alpha. subunits using peptides synthesized on polypropylene pegs (1991)

Concurrent synthesis of overlapping octameric peptides corresponding to the sequence of the Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AChR) alpha subunit has been carried out on polypropylene supports functionalized with primary amino groups according to a method developed by M. Geysen [(1987) J. Immunol. Methods 102, 259-274]. The peptides on the solid supports have been used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Interactions of the synthetic peptides with antibodies are then detected without removing them from the solid support. By this procedure, epitopes of both antisera and monoclonal antibodies to the Torpedo acetylcholine receptor, its subunits, and synthetic peptide fragments have been mapped. Both rat and rabbit antisera to the alpha subunit show major epitopes spanning the residues 150-165, 338-345, and 355-366 on the Torpedo AChR alpha subunit. Epitopes of monoclonal antibodies to these major epitopes and to others have been rather precisely mapped by using this technique with peptides of varying lengths. The specificity of several of these mAbs are of interest because they have been used in mapping the transmembrane orientation of the AChR alpha-subunit polypeptide chain.
The potential of embryonic stem cells to treat heart disease. (2005)

Cell therapy is currently receiving growing interest as a new means of repairing infarcted myocardium. Despite the encouraging experimental results yielded by autologous skeletal myoblasts and bone marrow-derived hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, there is increasing evidence that the plasticity of these adult cells is more limited than initially thought and that, consequently, their conversion into cardiomyocytes is unlikely or, at best, quantitatively very limited. As the engrafted cells should electromechanically interact with host cardiac cells to form a functional syncytium, attention is now increasingly focused on cells that feature a true cardiomyogenic differentiation potential, enabling them to connect with the neighboring cardiomyocytes. In this setting, embryonic stem cells are particularly attractive, since they can be precommitted towards a cardiac lineage and complete their full maturation in vivo, possibly under the influence of host tissue-associated paracrine signaling pathways. Although a potential clinical use of embryonic stem cells is still fraught with difficulty (amplification, purification and immunogenicity), available experimental data suggest a consistent efficacy in repairing infarcted myocardium, which has stimulated efforts to address these issues.
Aix-en-Provence et les débuts de la colonisation de droit latin en Gaule du Sud (1987)

Soucieuse de concilier les sources antiques, les données locales et les impératifs de l'histoire romaine, la tradition a considéré qu'Aquae Sextiae avait été, à l'origine, un simple poste militaire qui aurait été, par la suite, à l'époque de César ou à celle d'Auguste, transformé en colonie. En réalité, l'examen de la situation en Cisalpine, notamment celle des créations coloniales, permet de remarquer que, bien souvent, garnison et colonie de droit latin allaient de pair. Il n'est donc pas impératif, comme on le fait en général, de tenir pour fautive la mention de Tite-Live à propos de la création d'Aix. Il est même logique de penser qu' Aquae Sextiae fut à l'origine, une colonie de droit latin de « type ancien » et que ce fut sur des créations similaires que s'appuya la mainmise de Rome sur la Transalpine.
Coupling Tumor Necrosis Factor-α with αV Integrin Ligands Improves Its Antineoplastic Activity (2004)

Despite the impressive results obtained in animal models, the clinical use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) as an anticancer drug is limited by severe toxicity. We have shown previously that targeted delivery of TNF to aminopeptidase N (CD13), a marker of angiogenic vessels, improved the therapeutic index of this cytokine in tumor-bearing mice. To assess whether the vascular-targeting approach could be extended to other markers of tumor blood vessels, in this work, we have fused TNF with the ACDCRGDCFCG peptide, a ligand of alpha(V) integrins by recombinant DNA technology. We have found that subnanogram doses of this conjugate are sufficient to induce antitumor effects in tumor-bearing mice when combined with melphalan, a chemotherapeutic drug. Cell adhesion assays and competitive binding experiments with anti-integrin antibodies showed that the Arg-Gly-Asp moiety interacts with cell adhesion receptors, including alpha(V)beta(3) integrin, as originally postulated. In addition, ACGDRGDCFCG-mouse TNF conjugate induced cytotoxic effects in standard cytolytic assays, implying that ACGDRGDCFCG-mouse TNF conjugate can also bind TNF receptors and trigger death signals. These results indicate that coupling TNF with alpha(V) integrin ligands improves its antineoplastic activity and supports the concept that vascular targeting is a strategy potentially applicable to different endothelial markers, not limited to CD13.
The interaction of aminoacridines with nucleic acids (1956)

THE INTERACTION OF AMINOACRIDINES WITH NUCLEIC ACIDS THE INTERACTION OF AMINOACRIDINES WITH NUCLEIC ACIDS AND J. N. H. SKERRETT Dept. of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, I5 Received 27th June, 1955 The interaction of proflavine (2 :8-diaminoacridine sulphate) with sodium d
Migration of t-butyldimethylsilyl protecting groups (1979)

Isomeric 2′- and 3′-O-t-butyidimethylsilylribonucleoside derivatives (2) and (3) undergo interconversion by a first-order equilibration reaction. This intramolecular reaction takes place particularly readily in methanol solution and in the presence of base.
Patient Survival after Human Albumin Administration (2001)

Overall, no effect of albumin on mortality was detected; any such effect may therefore be small. This finding supports the safety of albumin. The influence of methodologic quality on relative risk for death suggests the need for further well-designed clinical trials.
A geometric approach to the linear Penrose transform (1985)

We show that under a certain cohomological condition the theorem of Witten, Isenberg, Yasskin and Green about the inverse Penrose transform of a (non-self-dual) connection <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="nabla"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">∇<!-- ∇ --></mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\nabla</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> (together with Manin’s description of its curvature <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper F Subscript nabla"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">∇<!-- ∇ --></mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{F_\nabla }</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>) is true in a quite general situation. We then present a (multidimensional) version of the Penrose transform of a vector bundle in the language of jets. This gives a coordinate-free interpretation of certain results of Henkin and Manin, coding a number of classical field equations in terms of obstructions to infinitesimal extension of cohomology classes.
Free Space Optical Communication: Challenges and Mitigation Techniques (2015)

In recent years, free space optical (FSO) communication has gained significant importance owing to its unique features: large bandwidth, license free spectrum, high data rate, easy and quick deployability, less power and low mass requirement. FSO communication uses optical carrier in the near infrared (IR) and visible band to establish either terrestrial links within the Earths atmosphere or inter-satellite or deep space links or ground to satellite or satellite to ground links. However, despite of great potential of FSO communication, its performance is limited by the adverse effects (viz., absorption, scattering and turbulence) of the atmospheric channel. Out of these three effects, the atmospheric turbulence is a major challenge that may lead to serious degradation in the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system and make the communication link infeasible. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on various challenges faced by FSO communication system for both terrestrial and space links. It will provide details of various performance mitigation techniques in order to have high link availability and reliability of FSO system. The first part of the paper will focus on various types of impairments that poses a serious challenge to the performance of FSO system for both terrestrial and space links. The latter part of the paper will provide the reader with an exhaustive review of various techniques used in FSO system both at physical layer as well as at the upper layers (transport, network or link layer) to combat the adverse effects of the atmosphere. Further, this survey uniquely offers the current literature on FSO coding and modulation schemes using various channel models and detection techniques. It also presents a recently developed technique in FSO system using orbital angular momentum to combat the effect of atmospheric turbulence.
Image processing for artist identification (2008)

A survey of the literature reveals that image processing tools aimed at supplementing the art historian's toolbox are currently in the earliest stages of development. To jump-start the development of such methods, the Van Gogh and Kroller-Muller museums in The Netherlands agreed to make a data set of 101 high-resolution gray-scale scans of paintings within their collections available to groups of image processing researchers from several different universities. This article describes the approaches to brushwork analysis and artist identification developed by three research groups, within the framework of this data set.
Experimental Results on High Yield C 70 Fullerene (1994)

The new results of fullerene C70 are given in this paper. The results show a method to produce a large amount of C70 which can be employed for cadidate materials of nonlinear optical devices and used for diamond film growth.
Aqueous Humor and Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Clinical Uveitis (2001)

TNF-alpha is a cytokine that participates actively in the pathogenesis of clinical uveitis. Our data emphasize the greater systemic than local participation of TNF-alpha. Finally, an elevated serum TNF-alpha seems to be associated with a recurrent pattern of uveitis.
Effective Targeting of Multiple B-Cell Maturation Antigen–Expressing Hematological Malignances by Anti-B-Cell Maturation Antigen Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (2018)

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) expression has been proposed as a marker for the identification of malignant plasma cells in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Nearly all MM tumor cells express BCMA, while normal tissue expression is restricted to plasma cells and a subset of mature B cells. Consistent BCMA expression was confirmed on MM biopsies (29/29 BCMA+), and it was further demonstrated that BCMA is expressed in a substantial number of lymphoma samples, as well as primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. To target BCMA using redirected autologous T cells, lentiviral vectors (LVV) encoding chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) were constructed with four unique anti-BCMA single-chain variable fragments, fused to the CD137 (4-1BB) co-stimulatory and CD3ζ signaling domains. One LVV, BB2121, was studied in detail, and BB2121 CAR-transduced T cells (bb2121) exhibited a high frequency of CAR + T cells and robust in vitro activity against MM cell lines, lymphoma cell lines, and primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia peripheral blood. Based on receptor quantification, bb2121 recognized tumor cells expressing as little as 222 BCMA molecules per cell. The in vivo pharmacology of anti-BCMA CAR T cells was studied in NSG mouse models of human MM, Burkitt lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma, where mice received a single intravenous administration of vehicle, control vector-transduced T cells, or anti-BCMA CAR-transduced T cells. In all models, the vehicle and control CAR T cells failed to inhibit tumor growth. In contrast, treatment with bb2121 resulted in rapid and sustained elimination of the tumors and 100% survival in all treatment models. Together, these data support the further development of anti-BCMA CAR T cells as a potential treatment for not only MM but also some lymphomas.
Establishment and maintenance of persistent infection by Sindbis virus in BHK cells (1980)

We have established a persistent infection of BHK cells with a preparation of Sindbis virus heavily enriched in defective interfering (DI) particles. The small fraction of cells that survived the initial infection grew out to form a stable population of cells [BHK(Sin-1) cells], most of which synthesized viral RNA and viral antigens. The presence of DI particles in this virus stock was required to establish this persistent state. BHK(Sin-1) cells released a small-plaque, temperature-sensitive virus (Sin-1 virus) as well as DI particles containing DI RNAs larger than those present in the original stock used to establish the persistent state. A cloned stock of Sin-1 virus, free of detectable DI particles, was able to initiate a persistent infection more quickly and with greater cell survival than the original stock of Sindbis virus containing DI particles. About 2 weeks after the Sin-1 virus-infected cells were cultured, DI RNAs arose and soon became the dominant viral RNA species produced by these cells.
Lubricating Ability of Langmuir-Blodgett Films as Boundary Lubricating Films on Articular Surfaces. (1997)

Frictional behavior in sliding pairs of pig articular cartilage and glass plate has been studied to elucidate the tribological role of constituents in a synovial fluid and a surface layer of the articular cartilage. Pig synovial fluid and water solution of hyaluronic acid were used as lubricants. The synovial fluid had a significantly superior lubricating ability to a sodium hyaluronate solution of equivalent viscosity under physiologically high load condition. The superiority of the synovial fluid seems to be responsible for the boundary lubricating ability of constituents other than hyaluronic acid. Langmuir-Blodgett films of phospholipid(Lα-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, Lα-DPPC)on the glass plate maintained low and stable friction, depending on the number of film layers. In conditions of mixed films containing γ-globulin and Lα-DPPC, the frictional behavior was improved by increasing the quantity of γ-globulin. A model of the boundary lubricating mechanism is proposed in which the effective adsorbed film is composed of proteins, phospholipids and other conjugated constituents on the articular surfaces, and controlled by hydrophobic groups in those amphiphiles.
Swainsonine: a new antineoplastic immunomodulator. (1989)

Swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid with immunomodulatory activity, has been found to be effective in inhibiting metastatic dissemination and growth of primary tumors of both murine and human origins. The unique ability of swainsonine to exhibit antimetastatic, anti-proliferative, and immunomodulatory activity imparts this drug a promising future in cancer therapy.