gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The intracellular handling of insulin-related peptides in isolated pancreatic islets. Evidence for differential rates of degradation of insulin and C-peptide (1988)

Islets of Langerhans isolated from adult rats were maintained in tissue culture for 3 days in the continued presence of [3H]leucine. Labelled proinsulin, C-peptide and insulin were measured by quantitative h.p.l.c., a method which also allowed for resolution of C-peptide I and II, and of insulin I and II (the products of the two rat insulin genes). The results showed that: (1) at early times, proinsulin was the major radiolabelled product; with progressive time in culture, intra-islet levels of [3H]proinsulin decreased, despite continuous labelling with [3H]leucine, indicating that the combined rates of proinsulin conversion into insulin and of proinsulin release, exceeded the rate of synthesis; (2) insulin I levels were always greater than those of insulin II, both in the islets and for products released to the medium; (3) the molar ratio of [3H]insulin I and II to their respective 3H-labelled C-peptides increased with time for products retained within islets, reaching a value close to 3:1 by 3 days; by contrast, for products released to the medium during the culture period, the ratio was always close to unity; (4) when islets were incubated with [3H]leucine for 2 days, and then left for a further 1 day without label (chase period), the intra-islet [3H]insulin/[3H]C-peptide ratios rose to values as high as 9:1. Again, for material released to the medium, the values were close to 1:1; (5) it is concluded that C-peptide is degraded more rapidly than insulin within islet cells, thereby accounting for the elevated insulin/C-peptide ratios. The difference between the ratios observed in the islets and those for material released to the medium is taken to indicate that degradation occurs in a discrete cellular compartment and not in the secretory granule itself.
Tridec-1-ene-3,5,7,9,11-pentayne, an Ovicidal Substance fromXanthium canadense (1977)

Journal Article Tridec-1-ene-3,5,7,9,11-pentayne, an Ovicidal Substance from Xanthium canadense Get access Shuhei Nakajima, Shuhei Nakajima Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuyoshi Kawazu Kazuyoshi Kawazu Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 9, 1 September 1977, Pages 1801–1802, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1977.10862762 Published: 01 September 1977 Article history Received: 16 May 1977 Published: 01 September 1977
Impaired Activation of AMP-Kinase and Fatty Acid Oxidation by Globular Adiponectin in Cultured Human Skeletal Muscle of Obese Type 2 Diabetics (2005)

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone associated with antidiabetic actions. In rodent skeletal muscle, globular adiponectin (gAD) activates AMP-kinase (AMPK) and stimulates fatty acid oxidation effects mediated through the adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. In the present study, we examined the mRNA expression of adiponectin receptors and the effects of gAD on AMPK activity and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle myotubes from lean, obese, and obese type 2 diabetic subjects. Myotubes from all groups expressed approximately 4.5-fold more AdipoR1 mRNA than AdipoR2, and obese subjects tended to have higher AdipoR1 expression (P = 0.052). In lean myotubes, gAD activates AMPKalpha1 and -alpha2 by increasing Thr172 phosphorylation, an effect associated with increased acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCbeta) Ser221 phosphorylation and enhanced rates of fatty acid oxidation, effects similar to those observed after pharmacological AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside. In obese myotubes, the activation of AMPK signaling by gAD at low concentrations (0.1 mug/ml) was blunted, but higher concentrations (0.5 mug/ml) stimulated AMPKalpha1 and -alpha2 activities, AMPK and ACCbeta phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation. In obese type 2 diabetic myotubes, high concentrations of gAD stimulated AMPKalpha1 activity and AMPK phosphorylation; however, ACCbeta phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation were unaffected. Reduced activation of AMPK signaling and fatty acid oxidation in obese and obese diabetic myotubes was not associated with reduced protein expression of AMPKalpha and ACCbeta or the expression and activity of the upstream AMPK kinase, LKB1. These data suggest that reduced activation of AMPK by gAD in obese and obese type 2 diabetic subjects is not caused by reduced adiponectin receptor expression but that aspects downstream of the receptor may inhibit AMPK signaling.
An Efficient Image Segmentation Technique by Integrating FELICM with Negative Selection Algorithm (2015)

Segmentation is a efficient technique of dividing the image into different regions or segments. Most of the researchers took clustering as the best method of segmenting an image. In clustering we try to increase the similarity within a same class and decrease the similarity between the classes. Many clustering algorithms were developed like FCM, FLICM and FELICM which are considered as the best algorithms to cluster the data. In our paper, we combine FELICM (Fuzzy Edge and Local Information C-Mean) with the negative selection algorithm. Negative selection algorithm is an evolutionary method which is based on artificial immune systems. The proposed method result shows us high accuracy results and even solves the problem of over segmentation.
Chemotherapy for malignant gliomas (1988)

There continues to be an extensive effort to develop chemotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of malignant gliomas of the brain. In the past 5 years there have been literally hundreds of trials of new agents, combinations of old and new agents, and even new routes and approaches to the delivery of chemotherapy. In this review, the literature has been studied and the individual reports analyzed to evaluate the impact of the new findings on clinical management of the patient with malignant glioma of the brain. The major areas of progress include the addition of new drugs with varying modes of action, the use of combinations of drugs in a synergistic fashion, and the development of new routes of drug delivery. None of the advances has brought about the revolution in clinical care that is so eagerly sought, but clearly the amount of new knowledge gained by these studies helps in understanding how to use chemotherapy more effectively. Furthermore, the remarkable degree of interest and involvement in the use of chemotherapy promises that an even greater number of patients with malignant gliomas will be considered for vigorous and enthusiastic clinical management programs even if chemotherapy itself is not the key modality in the treatment of a specific patient.
The Mechanism of Velocity Modulated Allosteric Regulation in −3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS OF EFFECTOR BINDING SITE RESIDUES (1996)

D-3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.95) from Escherichia coli catalyzes the first committed step in serine biosynthesis and is allosterically regulated by L-serine, the end product of the pathway. Each subunit of the homotetramer is made up of three distinct domains with one of the intersubunit contacts being between adjacent regulatory domains. Each regulatory domain interface contains two symmetrical serine binding sites such that serine forms hydrogen bonds to both domains across the interface. Previous work (Al-Rabiee, R., Lee, E. J., and Grant, G. A. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 13013-13017) demonstrated that when adjacent regulatory domains are covalently linked to one another by engineered disulfide bonds, the enzyme was inactivated. Breaking the disulfide bonds by reduction restored enzymatic activity. This study demonstrates that the complementary situation is also true. Site-directed mutagenesis of three residues at the effector binding site, His344, Asn346, and Asn364', render the enzyme increasingly less susceptible to inhibition by the effector. When mutations result in a situation where it is no longer possible to establish a stable hydrogen bonding network across the regulatory domain interface, the inhibitory capacity of the effector is lost. Furthermore, mutations that produce as much as 5 orders of magnitude decrease in the ability of L-serine to inhibit the enzyme have no appreciable effect on the Km or kcat of the enzyme. These observations support the model that predicts that catalytic activity in D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase is regulated by the movement of adjacent regulatory domains about a flexible hinge and that effector binding tethers the regulatory domains together producing a state that results in a stable, open active site cleft that is no longer able to promote catalysis.
RevM10-Mediated Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication in Chronically Infected T Cells (1995)

Two clinical regimens have been proposed for gene therapies of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): (i) Genetic modification of differentiated peripheral mononuclear cells ex vivo and (ii) gene delivery into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells ex vivo. Various antiviral strategies targeted at different molecular processes in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) life cycle are currently being pursued, all with the goal of reducing HIV-1 replication. Until now, all successful studies have reported inhibition in acutely HIV-infected cells that had been genetically modified prior to infection. These promising results do not address a clinically relevant question: What is the contribution of already infected peripheral mononuclear and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to disease progression? In this report, we demonstrate inhibition of both HIV-1 replication and production of infectious particles in chronically infected human T leukemia cell lines. The antiviral effect on the transduced cell population correlates with the expression of the dominant-negative RevM10 protein. This is the first demonstration that a gene therapy-based treatment can achieve antiviral efficacy in human T leukemia cells chronically infected with HIV-1.
Patient-Specific Circulating Tumor DNA Detection during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2017)

Customized ctDNA detection by ddPCR achieved a 75% detection rate at baseline. During NCT, ctDNA levels decreased quickly and minimal residual disease was not detected after surgery. However, a slow decrease of ctDNA level during NCT was strongly associated with shorter survival.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITIES OF PHENYL AMINOETHYL SULFIDES, A CLASS OF SYNTHETIC SUBSTRATES FOR DOPAMINE β‐HYDROXYLASE (1985)

Abstract Die aus den Thiophenolen (I) über (III) erhaltenen Thioether (IV) werden auf antihxgertensive Wirkung untersucht.
The chemical composition of some Lauraceae essential oils and their antifungal activities (2004)

The antifungal activity of Aniba rosaeodora, Laurus nobilis, Sassafras albidum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils were investigated against 17 micromycetes. Among the tested fungal species were food poisoning, spoilage fungi, plant and animal pathogens. In order to determine fungistatic and fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC) macrodilution and microdilution tests were used. Linalool was the main component in the essential oil of A. rosaeodora, while 1.8-cineole was dominant in L. nobilis. In sassafras essential oil safrole was the major component and in the oil of C. zeylanicum the main component was trans-cinnamaldehyde. The essential oil of cinnamon showed the strongest antifungal activity.
Crosslinked fibrous collagen for use as a dermal implant: control of the cytotoxic effects of glutaraldehyde and dimethylsuberimidate (1990)

Collagen intended for use as a dermal implant may be crosslinked to increase its strength and persistence in vivo. Sheets of rat fibrous dermal collagen were crosslinked with either glutaraldehyde or dimethylsuberimidate and the cytotoxicity to human dermal fibroblasts resulting from these treatments was measured by following the inhibition of [3H]leucine incorporation into protein. Both agents were cytotoxic at the concentrations required to effect adequate crosslinking (0.005% and 25 mM, respectively). This cytotoxicity could be limited by extensive washing and by incubation with 5 mM L-lysine, with 66 mM (0.25% w/v) sodium borohydride, or with 71.3 mM (1% w/v) dimedone. However, cytotoxicity was most efficiently controlled by treatment with a combination of 66 mM sodium borohydride and 5 mM L-lysine or 66 mM sodium borohydride and 71.3 mM dimedone. [3H]Leucine incorporation by cells exposed to crosslinked collagen treated with these combinations approached 100% of the values recorded with cells exposed to uncrosslinked collagen.
ROC Analysis Applied to the Evaluation of Medical Imaging Techniques (1979)

Analysis in terms of the relative operating characteristic (ROC) has recently been applied to several studies of medical decision-making, primarily to decisions based on imaging techniques. This paper presents a brief description of the ROC, and shows how it provides a measure of diagnostic accuracy that is free of judgmental bias. The results of medical studies are reviewed, and the main questions of theory and method that have arisen in the medical context are identified. Certain of these questions are basic to any psychophysical test, in which case an attempt has been made to present the best available answers. Other questions are of special medical importance and relevant reports are reviewed along with a description of current efforts to provide answers.
Separation of micron-sized particles in macro-scale cavities by ultrasonic standing waves (2010)

The separation of micron-sized particles from a steady flow of water through the use of ultrasonic standing waves is discussed. An ultrasonic resonator has been designed with a flow inlet and outlet for the water stream. The resonator is typically about 0.15 m long with a cross-section of 0.0254 m×0.0254 m. The flow inlet and outlet ports have been designed to ensure laminar flow conditions into and out of the resonator. A PZT-4, 2-MHz, transducer is used to generate ultrasonic standing waves in the resonator. At fixed frequency excitation, particles are concentrated at the stable locations of the acoustic radiation force. Particle translation is achieved by a periodic sweeping of the frequency of excitation, which generates a slowly moving standing wave. The effect of the sweep period and the sweep frequency range on particle translation speed has been investigated for the separation of 6 micron polystyrene beads. A numerical model has been developed to compute the trajectories of particles subjected to the acoustic radiation force, fluid drag force, and buoyancy force. The acoustic radiation force is determined from a one-dimensional acoustic field model. A CFD model is used to calculate the mean fluid flow into and out of the resonator and is used to calculate the fluid drag force. The equations of motion are then integrated to yield the particle trajectories. Typical particle translation speeds are on the order of 5 mm/s. Successful separation of 6 micron polystyrene beads from a water inlet flow, with typical volume flow rates of 150 ml/min, has been achieved.
Radial Artery Versus Saphenous Vein Patency Randomized Trial (2008)

Radial artery aortocoronary bypass grafts to a stenosed branch of the circumflex coronary artery have an excellent patency rate at 5 years. This was significantly better than the patency rate for saphenous vein grafts and comparable to reported patency rates for internal thoracic artery grafts.
A novel radiation pattern and frequency reconfigurable single turn square spiral microstrip antenna (2003)

This paper presents a novel pattern and frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna that uses switched connections. The basic antenna operates with linear polarization around 3.7 GHz. One set of connections provides a re-directed radiation pattern while maintaining a common operating impedance bandwidth with the baseline configuration. The second set of connections results in operation at a higher frequency band at 6 GHz with broadside patterns. Measured results of the three antenna configurations are provided. Potential applications of this reconfigurability and directions for future work are discussed.
Analysis of interleukin-6 in endotoxin-induced uveitis. (1991)

The mechanisms underlying the induction of intraocular inflammation in the rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) and the subsequent development of tolerance after repeated endotoxin injections are poorly understood. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured in the aqueous humor and serum of Lewis rats after single and repeated injections of endotoxin into the footpad. After a single injection, a rise in serum and aqueous-humor levels of IL-6 was seen after 2 and 16 hr, respectively. The highest aqueous-humor level of IL-6 was seen 20 hr postinjection and was tenfold that seen in the serum sample taken at the same time, suggesting intraocular synthesis of this cytokine. Four hours later the most active uveitis and the highest total aqueous-humor protein level were observed. Repeated injection of endotoxin still resulted in a moderate but significant systemic release of IL-6 but no detectable IL-6 in the aqueous humor and the absence of uveitis. Intravitreal injection of endotoxin-free human recombinant IL-6 (10-10(5) U) in rats resulted in uveitis, resembling the ocular response to endotoxin. There appeared to be a prozone effect regarding the total aqueous-humor protein concentration. The largest amount of aqueous-humor protein was seen in the eyes injected with 10(2) U of IL-6, but increasing concentrations of intravitreal IL-6 showed a corresponding decrease in protein levels. In the fellow saline-injected eyes, a clear consensual response was observed with regard to the extravasation of protein, although the uveitic grade in these eyes was low or zero. Repeated intravitreal injection of IL-6 resulted in ocular unresponsiveness in nine of 11 rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Down modulation of L‐Selectin expression on eosinophils recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after allergen provocation (1993)

In allergic asthma eosinophils infiltrate into the lung after allergen challenge. The mechanism of this cellular infiltration is not fully understood. L-Selectin is involved in leucocyte-endothelial cell recognition and participates in homing of leucocytes into sites of inflammation. To find indications for a role of L-Selectin in the migration of eosinophils to the bronchoalveolar space we measured L-Selectin expression on eosinophils in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) 4 hr after the early allergic reaction after allergen challenge. Nine patients with allergic asthma participated in the study. An eosinophil specific high depolarization signal enabled us to measure L-Selectin expression on eosinophils in a FACS analysis without isolation of these cells. Eosinophils recovered from BAL showed a strong decrease of L-Selectin expression compared to blood eosinophils. This decrease in L-Selectin expression can be induced in vitro by activation of eosinophils with PMA or FMLP whereas priming of eosinophils during several hours with GM-CSF did not influence L-Selectin expression. Our results are a first indication that L-Selectin may play a role during homing of eosinophils in the lung in asthma after allergen challenge. Moreover, the low expression of L-Selectin on eosinophils in the lung is a further indication that these cells exhibit an activated phenotype.
Lipid-Based Excipients for Oral Drug Delivery (2007)

The goal of an oral lipid based formulation is to improve the bioavailability of a poorly water soluble drug to an extent greater than that achievable with a conventional oral solid dosage form. The primary mechanism by which lipid-based formulations enhance bioavailability is through solubilization of the drug, although other mechanisms of absorption enhancement have been implicated and include reduction of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux, mitigation of hepatic first pass metabolism through enhanced lymphatic transport (1-3), prolongation of gastrointestinal (GI) transit time, or protection from degradation in the GI tract.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDE AND DNA SYNTHESIS (1988)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
PROYECTO CARTEIA: PRIMEROS RESULTADOS (1994)

Revista especializada en la publicación de trabajos originales de investigación en Prehistoria y Arqueología. Es la publicación periódica más antigua de la UAM. Su enfoque abierto a cualquier temática y época pasada, hasta la más cercana, que sea objeto de la Ciencia arqueológica se abre a una decidida proyección internacional en la que quiere basar su futuro inmediato.
<title>Advances in solid-state lasers and potential industrial application</title> (1994)

Solid State lasers using diode array excitation continue to make significant progress in laboratory development. Though used in certain industrial applications in semiconductor manufacture, this type of solid state laser has not yet seen broader use. This article summarizes the status of this technology and projects the conditions of cost and market volume needed for greater use of such lasers. Large volume, high power industrial applications must play a substantive role in the adaptation of this technology since the high power industrial laser market is one of the few markets with volumes large enough to drive the cost of the diode component sufficiently low for mass usage to be affordable.
Magnetorheology for suspensions of solid particles dispersed in ferrofluids (2006)

In this work, the magnetorheological properties of suspensions of micron-sized iron particles dispersed in magnetite ferrofluids were studied. With this aim, the flow properties of the suspensions in the steady-state regime were investigated using a commercial magnetorheometer with a parallel-plate measuring cell. The effect of both magnetite and iron concentration on the magnitude of the yield stress was studied for a broad range of magnetic fields. In addition, the experimental values of the yield stress were compared with the predictions from the chain model. With this purpose the values of the yield stress were obtained by means of finite element calculations. Interestingly, it was found that the experimental yield stress increases with the concentration of magnetite nanoparticles in the ferrofluid. Unfortunately, this behaviour is not obtained from calculations based on the chain model, which predict just the opposite trend.