gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation-induced changes in physical properties of bulk polyethylene. I. Effect of crystallization conditions (1975)

Abstract Melt crystallized polyethylenes with different crystallization histories were irradiated with γ-rays and examined for various properties. These include solubility (gel content), melting and recrystallization behavior, load extension behavior, and creep properties. Even for the same dose, very significant differences were observed for the different sample types. Although such differences have been reported previously, the present work reveals that these differences can be unusually large and that they are displayed by a range of different tests with a consistent correlation between them. The underlying trend is that in poorly crystallized samples the radiation is much more effective in forming networks than in samples of highly developed crystallinity. This finding may merely indicate that cross-linking is more abundant in the amorphous region than in the crystallites; nevertheless, analogy with single crystals suggests that in addition details of the fold surface morphology and the nature of the lamellar contact may also have a part to play. Among other properties, the elasticity of cross-linked melt was analyzed and found to be consistent with simple rubber elasticity theory, leading to an estimate of both the number of effective cross-links and of intrinsic entanglements acting as cross-links. The most conspicuous effects were observed in the creep behavior where different sample types irradiated to the same dose could behave as viscous liquids and true rubbers according to crystallization history. The relevance of such findings for the technological irradiation of polyethylene should be self-evident, particularly as the doses involved were those commonly employed in industrial applications.
Biochemical assessment and clinical evaluation of a bilirubin adsorbent column (BR-350) in critically ill patients with intractable jaundice. (1992)

We investigated the efficacy of an anion-exchange adsorbent column (ASAHI BR-350, DIAMED) for removal of bilirubin and bile acids in five patients with intractable jaundice of various origin. Four litres of plasma were separated by membrane plasma separation (Plasmaflow OP-05) at a rate of 22.5 ml/min. The plasma was then perfused through an anion exchange adsorbent and returned to the venous blood line of the plasma separation. In some of the patients this procedure was combined with regular hemodialysis treatment. The concentration of total bilirubin was cut by 31 to 60%; total bile acids were reduced by 20 to 74%. Three patients recovered and had a favourable outcome. Two patients died despite the bilirubin adsorption treatment. The effects of the adsorbent column on specific blood parameters, including the coagulation system, were measured. Our data suggest that bilirubin adsorption should be examined further as a treatment for critically ill patients with intractable jaundice.
Offline Recognition of Devanagari Script: A Survey (2011)

In India, more than 300 million people use Devanagari script for documentation. There has been a significant improvement in the research related to the recognition of printed as well as handwritten Devanagari text in the past few years. State of the art from 1970s of machine printed and handwritten Devanagari optical character recognition (OCR) is discussed in this paper. All feature-extraction techniques as well as training, classification and matching techniques useful for the recognition are discussed in various sections of the paper. An attempt is made to address the most important results reported so far and it is also tried to highlight the beneficial directions of the research till date. Moreover, the paper also contains a comprehensive bibliography of many selected papers appeared in reputed journals and conference proceedings as an aid for the researchers working in the field of Devanagari OCR.
DNA vaccination with HuD inhibits growth of a neuroblastoma in mice. (1998)

Some patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) or neuroblastoma develop an immune response against HuD, a human homologue of the Drosophila protein, elav, which is expressed in the nucleus and to a lesser degree the cytoplasm of neurons and tumor cells. This immune response is characterized by antibodies (anti-Hu) that at high titers are associated with a disease called paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy, in which infiltrates of T cells are found in the tumor and nervous system. Although all SCLCs express HuD, anti-Hu antibodies are identified in only 17% of patients with SCLC, usually at low titers, and are associated with indolent tumor growth. To determine whether the anti-Hu immune response causes indolent tumor growth, we developed an animal model using HuD DNA immunization. We found that a plasmid coding for a secreted form of HuD induced a strong and specific anti-Hu response. Immunized animals were challenged by s.c. implantation of a neuroblastoma cell line that constitutively expresses HuD. When compared with controls, mice immunized with the secreted HuD showed significant tumor growth inhibition (51% reduction volume; P = 0.0012), and 14% of them had complete tumor rejection. Tumors from these animals showed three times more CD3+ lymphocytic infiltrates than those from control mice and had a higher CD8+:CD4+ ratio. None of the animals developed neurological deficits or neuropathological evidence of nervous system pathology. In this mouse model of neuroblastoma, DNA immunization with HuD resulted in tumor growth inhibition but did not induce neurological disease. This model closely mimics the clinical course of more indolent tumor growth seen in patients with the anti-Hu immune response.
The exokernel operating system architecture (1998)

On traditional operating systems only trusted software such as privileged servers or the kernel can manage resources. This thesis proposes a new approach, the exokernel architecture, which makes resource management unprivileged but safe by separating management from protection: an exokernel protects resources, while untrusted application-level software manages them. As a result, in an exokernel system, untrusted software (e.g., library operating systems) can implement abstractions such as virtual memory, file systems, and networking. The main thrusts of this thesis are: (1) how to build an exokernel system; (2) whether it is possible to build a real one; and (3) whether doing so a good idea. Our results, drawn from two exokernel systems [25, 48], show that the approach yields dramatic benefits. For example, Xok, an exokernel, runs a web server an order of magnitude faster than the closest equivalent on the same hardware, common unaltered Unix applications up to three times faster, and ...
Altered patterns of migration of cytokine‐producing T lymphocytes in skin‐grafted naive or immune mice following in vivo administration of anti‐VCAM‐1 or ‐ICAM‐1 (1996)

Naive or preimmunized (to B10.BR or BALB.k) C3H/HeJ mice received skin grafts from multiple minor histoincompatible B10.BR or BALB.k mice following antigen-specific portal venous (p.v.) pretransplant transfusion, a protocol known to produce prolongation of graft survival in naive animals. In addition, groups of mice received intravenous (i.v.) infusion following transplantation with a mixture of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to vascular adhesion molecule-1L: very late activation antigen-4 (VCAM-1:VLA-4) or intracellular adhesion molecule-1:lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (ICAM-1:LFA-1). Cells were harvested from different tissues of the grafted mice at various times post grafting. RNA was extracted and analysed, using polymerase chain reaction, for expression of different cytokines potentially involved in the regulation of graft rejection [interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma and transforming growth factor-beta]. In addition, using limiting dilution analysis, we investigated the frequency of allo-specific and third-party reactive cells producing IL-2 and IL-4 in vitro in different tissues of grafted mice following these treatments. The mAb treatment protocol which produced optimum increases in graft survival in naive versus immune mice was different, with anti-LFA-1:ICAM-1 superior for naive mice compared with anti-VLA-4:VCAM-1, and vice versa for immune animals. However, in each case, increased survival was associated with increases local to the graft in the frequency of occurrence of antigen-specific type-2 cytokine-producing cells.
Adaptive Loop Filtering for Video Coding (2013)

Adaptive loop filtering for video coding is to minimize the mean square error between original samples and decoded samples by using Wiener-based adaptive filter. The proposed ALF is located at the last processing stage for each picture and can be regarded as a tool to catch and fix artifacts from previous stages. The suitable filter coefficients are determined by the encoder and explicitly signaled to the decoder. In order to achieve better coding efficiency, especially for high resolution videos, local adaptation is used for luma signals by applying different filters to different regions or blocks in a picture. In addition to filter adaptation, filter on/off control at coding tree unit (CTU) level is also helpful for improving coding efficiency. Syntax-wise, filter coefficients are sent in a picture level header called adaptation parameter set, and filter on/off flags of CTUs are interleaved at CTU level in the slice data. This syntax design not only supports picture level optimization but also achieves a low encoding latency. Simulation results show that the ALF can achieve on average 7% bit rate reduction for 25 HD sequences. The run time increases are 1% and 10% for encoders and decoders, respectively, without special attention to optimization in C++ code.
Residual Vibration Reduction in Computer controlled Machines (1989)

Control of machines that exhibit flexibility becomes important when designers attempt to push the state of the art with faster, lighter machines. Three steps are necessary for the control of a flexible planet. First, a good model of the plant must exist. Second, a good controller must be designed. Third, inputs to the controller must be constructed using knowledge of the system dynamic response. There is a great deal of literature pertaining to modeling and control but little dealing with the shaping of system inputs. Chapter 2 examines two input shaping techniques based on frequency domain analysis. The first involves the use of the first deriviate of a gaussian exponential as a driving function template. The second, acasual filtering, involves removal of energy from the driving functions at the resonant frequencies of the system. Chapter 3 presents a linear programming technique for generating vibration-reducing driving functions for systems. Chapter 4 extends the results of the previous chapter by developing a direct solution to the new class of driving functions. A detailed analysis of the new technique is presented from five different perspectives and several extensions are presented. Chapter 5 verifies the theories of the previous two chapters with hardware experiments. Because the new technique resembles common signal filtering, chapter 6 compares the new approach to eleven standard filters. The new technique will be shown to result in less residual vibrations, have better robustness to system parameter uncertainty, and require less computation than other currently used shaping techniques.
Effect of Anti-IgE Therapy in Patients with Peanut Allergy (2003)

A 450-mg dose of TNX-901 significantly and substantially increased the threshold of sensitivity to peanut on oral food challenge from a level equal to approximately half a peanut (178 mg) to one equal to almost nine peanuts (2805 mg), an effect that should translate into protection against most unintended ingestions of peanuts.
Characterization of a quartz crystal microbalance with simultaneous mass and liquid loading (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of a quartz crystal microbalance with simultaneous mass and liquid loadingStephen J. Martin, Victoria Edwards. Granstaff, and Gregory C. FryeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 20, 2272–2281Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00020a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00020a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4706Altmetric-Citations837LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The structure of human thrombospondin, an adhesive glycoprotein with multiple calcium-binding sites and homologies with several different proteins. (1986)

Thrombospondin is one of a class of adhesive glycoproteins that mediate cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. We have used two monoclonal antibodies to isolate cDNA clones of thrombospondin from a human endothelial cell cDNA library and have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the coding region. Three regions of known amino acid sequence of human platelet thrombospondin confirm that the clones are authentic. Three types of repeating amino acid sequence are present in thrombospondin. The first is 57 amino acids long and shows homology with circumsporozoite protein from Plasmodium falciparum. The second is 50-60 amino acids long and shows homology with epidermal growth factor precursor. The third occurs as a continuous eightfold repeat of a 38-residue sequence; structural homology with parvalbumin and calmodulin indicates that these repeats constitute the multiple calcium-binding sites of thrombospondin. The amino acid sequence arg-gly-asp-ala is included in the last type 3 repeat. This sequence is probably the site for the association of thrombospondin with cells. In addition, localized homologies with procollagen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor are present in one region of the thrombospondin molecule.
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (1990)

THE development of molecular genetics, both as a self-contained field and as a body of techniques broadly useful in biologic investigation, has had a profound influence on medical research. The beneficiaries include every discipline in basic science and, at least indirectly, most clinical and applied medical disciplines. Certain technical milestones can be identified over the past several decades that have been particularly important in the progress of the field. One is the discovery of restriction endonucleases, which together with the development of DNA ligation and transformation procedures, led to the ability to clone and thus propagate genes of any organism . . .
A new strategy for CCP stacking (1995)

Abstract Raypaths for P-SV-converted waves are asymmetrical and the reflected events are not hyperbolic. Consequently, standard routines for NMO correction of P-waves cannot be applied in a straightforward manner. This is a major difficulty in data processing of P-SV-converted waves.This paper proposes a new strategy for common conversion point (CCP) stacking. The technique accomplishes reflection point migration, nonhyperbolic moveout, and CCP stacking in one step.
Strategies for improved formulation and delivery of DNA vaccines to veterinary target species (2004)

Interest in DNA immunization of animals continues, despite the fact that immune responses induced by DNA vaccines are generally lower than those elicited by conventional vaccines. In attempts to enhance the immune response to DNA vaccines, individuals have tried a variety of immune modulators, cytokines, and costimulatory molecules, but these only boost immune responses marginally. These results clearly demonstrate that the major challenge to improving DNA-based vaccines is to improve the transfection efficiency. Gene gun and electroporation can increase transfection and improve immune responses significantly, but these technologies have not yet advanced to the stage of routine use in livestock. Hopefully, transfection efficiency can be increased further in a user-friendly manner to ensure that the benefits of using DNA vaccines become a reality.
An optical toolbox for total control of droplet microfluidics (2007)

The use of microfluidic drops as microreactors hinges on the active control of certain fundamental operations such as droplet formation, transport, division and fusion. Recent work has demonstrated that local heating from a focused laser can apply a thermocapillary force on a liquid interface sufficient to block the advance of a droplet in a microchannel (C. N. Baroud, J.-P. Delville, F. Gallaire and R. Wunenburger, Phys. Rev. E: Stat., Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys., 2007, 75(4), 046302). Here, we demonstrate the generality of this optical approach by implementing the operations mentioned above, without the need for any special microfabrication or moving parts. We concentrate on the applications to droplet manipulation by implementing a wide range of building blocks, such as a droplet valve, sorter, fuser, or divider. We also show how the building blocks may be combined by implementing a valve and fuser using a single laser spot. The underlying fundamentals, namely regarding the fluid mechanical, physico-chemical and thermal aspects, will be discussed in future publications.
Genetic causes of rickets (1999)

Dietary deficiency of vitamin D, genetic disorders of its bioactivation to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], or disorders of vitamin D action can cause rickets. The rate-limiting, hormonally-regulated, biologically activating step in the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D is the 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, which occurs in kidney and other tissues and is mediated by a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme, P450c1 alpha. After many years of effort, the cDNA and gene for this enzyme were cloned in late 1997. Mutations in the P450c1 alpha gene, located on chromosome 12, cause 1 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, also known as vitamin D-dependent rickets type I, an autosomal recessive disease characterized by rickets and impaired growth due to failure of renal synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D. X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, a dominantly inherited disease, is caused by mutations in the PHEX gene, whose function in regulating renal phosphate and vitamin D metabolism remains to be elucidated.
Endocytosis of soluble immune complexes leads to their clearance by FcγRIIIB but induces neutrophil extracellular traps via FcγRIIA in vivo (2012)

Soluble immune complexes (ICs) are abundant in autoimmune diseases, yet neutrophil responses to these soluble humoral factors remain uncharacterized. Moreover, the individual role of the uniquely human FcγRIIA and glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked FcγRIIIB in IC-mediated inflammation is still debated. Here we exploited mice and cell lines expressing these human neutrophil FcγRs to demonstrate that FcγRIIIB alone, in the absence of its known signaling partners FcγRIIA and the integrin Mac-1, internalizes soluble ICs through a mechanism used by GPI-anchored receptors and fluid-phase endocytosis. FcγRIIA also uses this pathway. As shown by intravital microscopy, FcγRIIA but not FcγRIIIB-mediated neutrophil interactions with extravascular soluble ICs results in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in tissues. Unexpectedly, in wild-type mice, IC-induced NETosis does not rely on the NADPH oxidase, myeloperoxidase, or neutrophil elastase. In the context of soluble ICs present primarily within vessels, FcγRIIIB-mediated neutrophil recruitment requires Mac-1 and is associated with the removal of intravascular IC deposits. Collectively, our studies assign a new role for FcγRIIIB in the removal of soluble ICs within the vasculature that may serve to maintain homeostasis, whereas FcγRIIA engagement of tissue soluble ICs generates NETs, a proinflammatory process linked to autoimmunity.
Binding and neurotoxicity mitigation of toxic tau oligomers by synthetic heparin like oligosaccharides (2018)

Heparin oligosaccharides can mitigate the cytotoxic effects of tau oligomers towards neuronal cells.
Chemical characterization of A beta 17-42 peptide, a component of diffuse amyloid deposits of Alzheimer disease (1994)

A peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence of A beta 17-42 (LVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA) was isolated from Alzheimer Disease patient brains containing large deposits of diffuse-type amyloid. Brain homogenates were lysed in SDS and submitted to high speed centrifugations. A beta peptides were purified by size exclusion chromatography on Superose 12 and TSK 3000 SW columns. An A beta peptide with M(r) of 3,000 was recovered that on automatic gas-phase Edman degradation yielded the amino acid sequence of A beta starting at residue 17 (Leu). The 3-kDa peptide was subsequently hydrolyzed with trypsin and reacted with CNBr, and the resulting peptides were separated by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography and characterized by amino acid analyses, peptide microsequencing, and mass spectrometry. Hydrolysis of beta-amyloid precursor protein 695 at Lys612-Leu613 or at Lys16-Leu17 of its A beta 1-42 derivative prevents the generation of neurotoxic A beta filaments, thus leading to the formation of A beta 17-42 localized in the diffuse amyloid deposits. An outstanding feature in the pathology of Alzheimer Disease is that the predominant A beta peptides have their C termini at position 42, whether in the cores of the neuritic plaques, in the vascular walls, or in the diffuse deposits. Based on these observations, we postulate that the accumulation of insoluble A beta N-42 in Alzheimer Disease is due to the anomalous processing of the C-terminal region.
Field Evaluation of Transgenic Tobacco Containing Genes Encoding Bacillus thuringiensis ∂-Endotoxin or Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor: Efficacy Against Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1992)

Transgenic tobacco plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-73 delta-endotoxin or cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, trypsin inhibitor (CpTI) were evaluated for efficacy against artificial infestations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) under field conditions. Mortality of H. zea larvae was significantly higher and leaf damage significantly lower for the genotype containing Bacillus thuringiensis gene compared with nontransgenic control. Few H. zea larvae survived beyond first instar on the Bacillus thuringiensis genotype. Larval mortality was also higher and leaf damage lower on the CpT1 genotype than its corresponding control, but the effect was less consistent and less pronounced than that produced by the Bacillus thuringiensis genotype. Neither transgenic genotype had a significant effect on natural infestations of the other phytophagous or predacious insects that were monitored.