gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Inhibition of Inducible Cyclooxygenase by Chiral Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (1996)

The stereoselective inhibition of inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) by chiral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)--ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, and ketorolac--has been investigated. The activity and inhibition of COX-2 was assessed in three different in vitro systems: guinea pig whole blood, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human monocytes, and purified preparations of COX-2 from sheep placenta. The results were compared with the inhibition of constitutive cyclooxygenase (COX-1) in three parallel in vitro models: clotting guinea pig blood, human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and purified COX-1 from ram seminal vesicles. In the whole blood model, both isoenzymes were inhibited by S-enantiomers with equal potency but S-ketoprofen was the most active on COX-2 (IC50 = 0.024 mumol/L). In contrast, both isoenzymes were inhibited less than 40% by all three R-enantiomers at high concentration (> 1 mumol/L). The inhibition of COX by the R-enantiomers may be attributed to contamination with the S-enantiomers (approximately 0.5%). A significant degree of enantioselectivity in COX-2 inhibition was also observed in intact cells. The S-enantiomers inhibited COX-2 from monocytes with IC50 values in the range of 2 to 25 nmol/L, being 100 to 500-fold more potent than the corresponding R-enantiomers. Finally, S-ketoprofen inhibited COX-2 from sheep placenta (IC50 = 5.3 mumol/L) with slightly less potency than S-ketorolac (IC50 = 0.9 mumol/L) and S-flurbiprofen (IC50 = 0.48 mumol/L), whereas the R-enantiomers were found to be essentially inactive (IC50 > or = 80 mumol/L). It is concluded that the chiral NSAIDs studied here inhibit with comparable stereoselectivity both COX-2 and COX-1 isoenzymes, and that the inhibition of COX-2 previously observed for racemic NSAIDs should be attributed almost exclusively to their S-enantiomers.
Digital archive system for radiologic images. (1994)

Use of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) for clinical review requires rapid access to patient images. The authors have developed a second-generation archive system for a departmental PACS that optimizes access time for both current and historical images. The system is based on a composite staging mechanism that uses multiple storage media: magnetic disks, erasable magneto-optical disks, and write-once-read-many (WORM) disks. A two-tiered communication network composed of a standard Ethernet network and a gigabit bandwidth fiberoptic UltraNet network is used for distributing images to remote display stations. The system currently archives 1.5 Gbytes of radiologic images daily from three magnetic resonance imagers, two computed tomographic scanners, one computed radiographic system, and one laser film digitizer. The system features (a) multiple optical drives and robotic arms, which support concurrent archival and retrieval operations; (b) a stacking mechanism, which provides fast retrieval of current images; (c) a pre-fetch mechanism, which minimizes on-line image retrieval, hence relieving peak-hour workload of the optical disk library and the networks; (d) studies grouping and platter management, which optimize retrieval of a patient's images from multiple examinations; and (e) a job-prioritizing control, which minimizes waiting time for radiologists and referring physicians to review images at the display stations. This system is suitable for a large-scale PACS to serve the clinical and research staff.
Radioimmunoassay of laminin in serum and its application to cancer patients. (1986)

In this sensitive radioimmunoassay for laminin fragment P1 (purified from pepsin extracts of human placenta), monovalent antibody fragments obtained from rabbit antisera against the laminin component are used. The inhibition assay showed a low intra- and interassay variability, and the inhibition curves for various serum samples had parallel slopes. Molecular-sieve chromatography demonstrated heterogeneity of the laminin antigen in serum. For quantification we defined arbitrary units based on the amount of antigenic material present in normal human serum. Sera from 361 tumor patients showed increased values in about half of the cases. Correlation with increased concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen was poor (r = 0.259). The assay may be useful for diseases involving basement-membrane metabolism.
Sialic Acid Donors: Chemical Synthesis and Glycosylation (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Do protocol transplant biopsies improve kidney transplant outcomes? (2012)

This review provides the recent evidence that has convinced many transplant units to embark upon surveillance programmes for their patients in order to individualize their immunosuppression and thus gain better outcomes.
Exact distribution of a pattern in a set of random sequences generated by a Markov source: applications to biological data (2010)

Our algorithms prove to be effective and able to handle real data sets with multiple sequences, as well as biological patterns of interest, even when the latter display a high complexity (PROSITE signatures for example). In addition, these exact algorithms allow us to avoid the edge effect observed under the single sequence approximation, which leads to erroneous results, especially when the marginal distribution of the model displays a slow convergence toward the stationary distribution. We end up with a discussion on our method and on its potential improvements.
Brain-Computer Interfaces Using Electrocorticographic Signals (2011)

Many studies over the past two decades have shown that people and animals can use brain signals to convey their intent to a computer using brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). BCI systems measure specific features of brain activity and translate them into control signals that drive an output. The sensor modalities that have most commonly been used in BCI studies have been electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from the scalp and single-neuron recordings from within the cortex. Over the past decade, an increasing number of studies has explored the use of electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity recorded directly from the surface of the brain. ECoG has attracted substantial and increasing interest, because it has been shown to reflect specific details of actual and imagined actions, and because its technical characteristics should readily support robust and chronic implementations of BCI systems in humans. This review provides general perspectives on the ECoG platform; describes the different electrophysiological features that can be detected in ECoG; elaborates on the signal acquisition issues, protocols, and online performance of ECoG-based BCI studies to date; presents important limitations of current ECoG studies; discusses opportunities for further research; and finally presents a vision for eventual clinical implementation. In summary, the studies presented to date strongly encourage further research using the ECoG platform for basic neuroscientific research, as well as for translational neuroprosthetic applications.
Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Acne Triggers Inflammatory Cytokine Responses (2002)

One of the factors that contributes to the pathogenesis of acne is Propionibacterium acnes; yet, the molecular mechanism by which P. acnes induces inflammation is not known. Recent studies have demonstrated that microbial agents trigger cytokine responses via Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We investigated whether TLR2 mediates P. acnes-induced cytokine production in acne. Transfection of TLR2 into a nonresponsive cell line was sufficient for NF-kappa B activation in response to P. acnes. In addition, peritoneal macrophages from wild-type, TLR6 knockout, and TLR1 knockout mice, but not TLR2 knockout mice, produced IL-6 in response to P. acnes. P. acnes also induced activation of IL-12 p40 promoter activity via TLR2. Furthermore, P. acnes induced IL-12 and IL-8 protein production by primary human monocytes and this cytokine production was inhibited by anti-TLR2 blocking Ab. Finally, in acne lesions, TLR2 was expressed on the cell surface of macrophages surrounding pilosebaceous follicles. These data suggest that P. acnes triggers inflammatory cytokine responses in acne by activation of TLR2. As such, TLR2 may provide a novel target for treatment of this common skin disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Amorphous Pharmaceutical Solids: Preparation, Characterization and Stabilization (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Evaluation of Different Treatments for Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and Patient Perceptions: Nd:YAG Laser versus Medication (2008)

Our results suggest that the Nd:YAG laser has better patient acceptance, shorter treatment time, and lower rates of pain and post-treatment adverse events among patients with RAS.
[Comparative study of the intestinal spasmolytic properties of metoclopramide and metopimazine]. (1977)

&lt;p&gt;The development of highly humanoid sex robots is on the technological horizon. If sex robots are integrated into the legal community as “electronic persons”, the issue of sexual consent arises, which is essential for legally and morally permissible sexual relations between human persons. This paper explores whether it is conceivable, possible, and desirable that humanoid robots should be designed such that they are capable of consenting to sex. We consider reasons for giving both “no” and “yes” answers to these three questions by examining the concept of consent in general, as well as critiques of its adequacy in the domain of sexual ethics; the relationship between consent and free will; and the relationship between consent and consciousness. Additionally we canvass the most influential existing literature on the ethics of sex with robots.&lt;/p&gt;
A C-nucleotide base pair: methylpseudouridine-directed incorporation of formycin triphosphate into RNA catalyzed by T7 RNA polymerase (1991)

With templates containing 2'-deoxy-1-methylpseudouridine (dm psi), T7 RNA polymerase catalyzes the incorporation of either adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or formycin triphosphate (FTP) into a growing chain of RNA with the same efficiency as with templates containing thymidine (dT). In each case, the overall rate of synthesis of full-length products containing formycin is about one-tenth of the rate of synthesis of analogous products containing adenosine. Analysis of the products of abortive initiation shows that incorporation of FMP into the growing oligonucleotide by T7 RNA polymerase is more likely to lead to premature termination of transcription than is incorporation of AMP. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate that T7 RNA polymerase tolerates the formation of a C-nucleotide transcription complex in which the nucleoside bases on both the template and the incoming nucleotide are joined to the ribose by a carbon-carbon bond. This result increases the prospects for further expanding the genetic alphabet via incorporation of new base pairs with novel hydrogen-bonding schemes (Piccirilli et al., 1990).
Natural–origin polymers as carriers and scaffolds for biomolecules and cell delivery in tissue engineering applications (2007)

The present paper intends to overview a wide range of natural-origin polymers with special focus on proteins and polysaccharides (the systems more inspired on the extracellular matrix) that are being used in research, or might be potentially useful as carriers systems for active biomolecules or as cell carriers with application in the tissue engineering field targeting several biological tissues. The combination of both applications into a single material has proven to be very challenging though. The paper presents also some examples of commercially available natural-origin polymers with applications in research or in clinical use in several applications. As it is recognized, this class of polymers is being widely used due to their similarities with the extracellular matrix, high chemical versatility, typically good biological performance and inherent cellular interaction and, also very significant, the cell or enzyme-controlled degradability. These biocharacteristics classify the natural-origin polymers as one of the most attractive options to be used in the tissue engineering field and drug delivery applications.
Trends in Risks Associated With New Drug Development: Success Rates for Investigational Drugs (2010)

This study utilizes both public and private data sources to estimate clinical phase transition and clinical approval probabilities for drugs in the development pipelines of the 50 largest pharmaceutical firms (by sales). The study examined the development histories of these investigational compounds from the time point at which they first entered clinical testing (1993-2004) through June 2009. The clinical approval success rate in the United States was 16% for self-originated drugs (originating from the pharmaceutical company itself) during both the 1993-1998 and the 1999-2004 subperiods. For all compounds (including licensed-in and licensed-out drugs in addition to self-originated drugs), the clinical approval success rate for the entire study period was 19%. The estimated clinical approval success rates and phase transition probabilities differed significantly by therapeutic class. The estimated clinical approval success rate for self-originated compounds over the entire study period was 32% for large molecules and 13% for small molecules. The estimated transition probabilities were also higher for all clinical phases with respect to large molecules.
Validation of a Plasma-Based Comprehensive Cancer Genotyping Assay Utilizing Orthogonal Tissue- and Plasma-Based Methodologies (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> To analytically and clinically validate a circulating cell-free tumor DNA sequencing test for comprehensive tumor genotyping and demonstrate its clinical feasibility.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Analytic validation was conducted according to established principles and guidelines. Blood-to-blood clinical validation comprised blinded external comparison with clinical droplet digital PCR across 222 consecutive biomarker-positive clinical samples. Blood-to-tissue clinical validation comprised comparison of digital sequencing calls to those documented in the medical record of 543 consecutive lung cancer patients. Clinical experience was reported from 10,593 consecutive clinical samples.<b>Results:</b> Digital sequencing technology enabled variant detection down to 0.02% to 0.04% allelic fraction/2.12 copies with ≤0.3%/2.24-2.76 copies 95% limits of detection while maintaining high specificity [prevalence-adjusted positive predictive values (PPV) >98%]. Clinical validation using orthogonal plasma- and tissue-based clinical genotyping across >750 patients demonstrated high accuracy and specificity [positive percent agreement (PPAs) and negative percent agreement (NPAs) >99% and PPVs 92%-100%]. Clinical use in 10,593 advanced adult solid tumor patients demonstrated high feasibility (>99.6% technical success rate) and clinical sensitivity (85.9%), with high potential actionability (16.7% with FDA-approved on-label treatment options; 72.0% with treatment or trial recommendations), particularly in non-small cell lung cancer, where 34.5% of patient samples comprised a directly targetable standard-of-care biomarker.<b>Conclusions:</b> High concordance with orthogonal clinical plasma- and tissue-based genotyping methods supports the clinical accuracy of digital sequencing across all four types of targetable genomic alterations. Digital sequencing's clinical applicability is further supported by high rates of technical success and biomarker target discovery. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3539-49. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Structural and functional characterization of Rpn12 identifies residues required for Rpn10 proteasome incorporation (2012)

The ubiquitin-proteasome system targets selected proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Rpn12 is an essential component of the 19S regulatory particle and plays a role in recruiting the extrinsic ubiquitin receptor Rpn10. In the present paper we report the crystal structure of Rpn12, a proteasomal PCI-domain-containing protein. The structure helps to define a core structural motif for the PCI domain and identifies potential sites through which Rpn12 might form protein-protein interactions. We demonstrate that mutating residues at one of these sites impairs Rpn12 binding to Rpn10 in vitro and reduces Rpn10 incorporation into proteasomes in vivo.
효율적인 보전업무 수행을 위한 Y-Cycle의 개발 (2004)

Whenever we execute the work, the work success or failure depend on what kind of method use and how it appled. If the aim is not to be sure and good method is be used, the conclusion not gain our want. When we want to success the work, then we have to check the aim continually during our work. This paper present Y-Cycle that execute more effective work method that combine with Deming cycle and System cycle. If we combine each cycle`s characteristic and merit and execute the work using right order, and adjust feedback in each step, then we can success the aim using less cost and endeavor.
Angiographic Image Analysis to Assess the Severity of Coronary Stenoses (2002)

There are also a number of people that I need to acknowledge in English.This concerns in particular Christian and Nichole, who are the best hosts and guides I can think of.Not only did they offer me a room in their house, they also introduced me to some more people I could always rely on.
A novel type of conserved DNA-binding domain in the transcriptional regulators of the AlgR/AgrA/LytR family (2002)

Sequence analysis of bacterial genomes revealed a novel DNA-binding domain. This domain is found in several response regulators of the two-component signal transduction system, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgR, involved in the regulation of alginate biosynthesis and in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis; Clostridium perfringens VirR, a regulator of virulence factors, and in several regulators of bacteriocin biosynthesis, previously unified in the AgrA/ComE family. Most of the transcriptional regulators that contain this DNA-binding domain are involved in biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharides, fimbriation, expression of exoproteins, including toxins, and quorum sensing. We refer to it as the LytTR ('litter') domain, after Bacillus subtilis LytT and Staphylococcus aureus LytR response regulators, involved in regulation of cell autolysis. In addition to response regulators, the LytTR domain is found in combination with MHYT, PAS and other sensor domains.
Use of Cell-Free DNA in the Investigation of Intrauterine Fetal Demise and Miscarriage (2015)

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THE SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE LUMINESCENCE EMITTED DURING GROWTH OF THE YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MITOGENETIC RADIATION (1976)

Abstract— The spectral distributions of two previously reported weak luminescences from liquid cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been determined. During the logarithmic phase of growth, emission was observed as a broad UV band between 200 and 425 nm, and as a visible region band between 525 and 700 nm. During the stationary phase, there were two narrow bands centred at 250 and 650 nm, and a broad band extending from 325 to 525 nm. The UV components are compared with Gurwitsch's mitogenetic radiation, and possible chemical and radiolytic sources of the luminescences are discussed.
Multicenter evaluation of a new enzyme immunoassay for detection of Clostridium difficile enterotoxin A (1992)

The Premier Clostridium difficile toxin A enzyme immunoassay (PTA EIA) (Meridian Diagnostics, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio) for rapid diagnosis of antibiotic-associated colitis (AAC) was evaluated in a multicenter study. Stool samples from 421 patients suspected of having AAC were tested for toxin A by the PTA EIA and for toxin B by three tissue culture assays (TCA) employing WI-38 cells (New England Deaconess Hospital) in conventional tubes or foreskin fibroblasts (Children's Hospital) or Vero cells (Beth Israel Hospital) in microwells. The tubes and plates were examined at 24 and 48 h for cytotoxicity. Clinical criteria, repeat testing at another site, and culture of frozen stool samples for C. difficile were used to evaluate discrepant results. Of 504 samples, 66 were positive and 409 were negative by both tests. Eight samples had indeterminate PTA EIA results and were excluded from this analysis. Of 21 discrepancies, 9 were PTA EIA positive and TCA negative and 12 were PTA EIA negative TCA positive. Following resolution of the discrepancies, 11 of 12 PTA EIA-negative-TCA-positive and 5 of 9 PTA EIA-positive-TCA-negative samples were considered true positive for AAC. The sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 86.6 and 99.0% for the PTA EIA and 93.9 and 99.8% for TCA. The predictive values of positive and negative tests were, respectively, 94.7 and 97.4% for the PTA EIA and 98.7 and 98.8% for TCA. We conclude that the PTA EIA is a rapid, simple EIA technique whose accuracy in detecting enterotoxin A approaches that of reference TCA methods for detection of cytotoxin B.
TAJ, a Novel Member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Family, Activates the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Pathway and Mediates Caspase-independent Cell Death (2000)

We have isolated a novel member of the TNFR family, designated TAJ, that is highly expressed during embryonic development. TAJ possesses a unique cytoplasmic domain with no sequence homology to the previously characterized members of the TNFR family. TAJ interacts with the TRAF family members and activates the JNK pathway when overexpressed in mammalian cells. Although it lacks a death domain, TAJ is capable of inducing apoptosis by a caspase-independent mechanism. Based on its unique expression profile and signaling properties, TAJ may play an essential role in embryonic development.
Improved Intra Prediction for Efficient Packetization in H.264 with Multiple Slice Groups (2007)

H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 is the state-of-art video compression standard that promises approximately two fold compression over the preceding popular coding standards and offers efficient network friendly syntax. In addition to the various coding tools, the H.264/AVC offers a rich set of error resilience tools. Among them flexible macro block ordering (FMO) and arbitrary slice ordering (ASO) are two important error resilient tools. But the overhead on compression efficiency increases drastically, especially in intra frames as a result of such efficient error resilient tools. This offsets the compression gains obtained using the rich set of coding tools at low operating bit rates in H.264 and still demands good coding efficiency from video coding standard for deployment in bandwidth constrained networks. This paper presents a method to improve the compression efficiency while retaining the efficient capabilities of error resilient tools. The results are presented to show the significant decrease in the overhead of FMO with scattered slice mode.