gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin E 2 Promotes Colon Cancer Cell Growth Through a G s -Axin-ß-Catenin Signaling Axis (2005)

How cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its proinflammatory metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) enhance colon cancer progression remains poorly understood. We show that PGE2 stimulates colon cancer cell growth through its heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor, EP2, by a signaling route that involves the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase Akt by free G protein betagamma subunits and the direct association of the G protein alphas subunit with the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain of axin. This leads to the inactivation and release of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta from its complex with axin, thereby relieving the inhibitory phosphorylation of beta-catenin and activating its signaling pathway. These findings may provide a molecular framework for the future evaluation of chemopreventive strategies for colorectal cancer.
An investigation into the coding of halftone pictures (1982)

Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1982.
CORRELATION OF FAS AND FAS LIGAND EXPRESSION WITH REJECTION STATUS OF TRANSPLANTED HEART IN HUMAN1 (2001)

This up-regulation of FasL may be one of possible mechanisms of apoptosis in rejection process of human cardiac allograft.
Targeting of PYK2 to Focal Adhesions as a Cellular Mechanism for Convergence between Integrins and G Protein-coupled Receptor Signaling Cascades (2000)

The non-receptor tyrosine kinase PYK2 appears to function at a point of convergence of integrins and certain G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling cascades. In this study, we provide evidence that translocation of PYK2 to focal adhesions is triggered both by cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins and by activation of the histamine GPCR. By using different mutants of PYK2 as green fluorescent fusion proteins, we show that the translocation of PYK2 to focal adhesions is not dependent on its catalytic activity but rather is mediated by its carboxyl-terminal domain. Translocation of PYK2 to focal adhesions was attributed to enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of PYK2 and its association with the focal adhesion proteins paxillin and p130(Cas). Translocation of PYK2 to focal adhesions, as well as its tyrosine phosphorylation in response to histamine treatment, was abolished in the presence of protein kinase C inhibitors or cytochalasin D treatment, whereas activation of protein kinase C by phorbol ester resulted in focal adhesion targeting of PYK2 and its tyrosine phosphorylation in an integrin-clustering dependent manner. Overexpression of a wild-type PYK2 enhanced ERK activation in response to histamine, whereas a kinase-deficient mutant substantially inhibited this response. Furthermore, inhibition of PYK2 translocation to focal adhesions abolished ERK activation in response to histamine treatment. These results suggest that PYK2 apparently links between GPCRs and focal adhesion-dependent ERK activation and can provide the molecular basis underlying PYK2 function at a point of convergence between signaling pathways triggered by extracellular matrix proteins and certain GPCR agonists.
Supporting Subtlety with Deceptive Devices and Illusory Interactions (2015)

Mobile devices offer constant connectivity to the world, which can negatively affect in-person interaction. Current approaches to minimizing the social disruption and improving the subtlety of interactions tend to focus on the development of inconspicuous devices that provide basic input or output. This paper presents a more general approach to subtle interaction and demonstrates how a number of principles from magic can be leveraged to improve subtlety. It also presents a framework that can be used to classify subtle interfaces along with a modular set of novel interfaces that fit within this framework. Lastly, the paper presents a new evaluation paradigm specifically designed to assess the subtlety of interactions. This paradigm is used to compare traditional approaches to our new subtle approaches. We find our new approaches are over five times more subtle than traditional interactions, even when participants are aware of the technologies being used.
Deep Learning (2016)

Deep learning is a form of machine learning that enables computers to learn from experience and understand the world in terms of a hierarchy of concepts. Because the computer gathers knowledge from experience, there is no need for a human computer operator to formally specify all the knowledge that the computer needs. The hierarchy of concepts allows the computer to learn complicated concepts by building them out of simpler ones; a graph of these hierarchies would be many layers deep. This book introduces a broad range of topics in deep learning. The text offers mathematical and conceptual background, covering relevant concepts in linear algebra, probability theory and information theory, numerical computation, and machine learning. It describes deep learning techniques used by practitioners in industry, including deep feedforward networks, regularization, optimization algorithms, convolutional networks, sequence modeling, and practical methodology; and it surveys such applications as natural language processing, speech recognition, computer vision, online recommendation systems, bioinformatics, and videogames. Finally, the book offers research perspectives, covering such theoretical topics as linear factor models, autoencoders, representation learning, structured probabilistic models, Monte Carlo methods, the partition function, approximate inference, and deep generative models. Deep Learning can be used by undergraduate or graduate students planning careers in either industry or research, and by software engineers who want to begin using deep learning in their products or platforms. A website offers supplementary material for both readers and instructors.
Synthesis, Characterization, and DNA Binding Properties of a Series of Ru, Pt Mixed-Metal Complexes (2003)

A series of mixed-metal complexes coupling ruthenium light absorbers to platinum reactive metal sites through polyazine bridging ligands have been prepared of the form [(tpy)RuCl(BL)PtCl(2)](PF(6)) (BL = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine (dpp), 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)quinoxaline (dpq), 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)benzoquinoxaline (dpb); tpy = 2,2':6',2' '-terpyridine). These systems possess electron-rich Ru metal centers bound to five polyazine nitrogens and one chloride ligand. This leads to complexes with low-energy Ru --> BL charge-transfer bands that are tunable with BL variation occurring at 544, 632, and 682 nm for dpp, dpq, and dpb, respectively. This tuning of the charge-transfer energy results from a stabilization of the BL(pi) orbitals in this series as evidenced by the cathodic shift in the first reduction of these complexes occurring at -0.50, -0.32, and -0.20 V vs Ag/AgCl, for dpp, dpq, and dpb, respectively. The chlorides bound to the Pt(II) center are substitutionally labile giving these complexes the ability to covalently bind to DNA. All three title bimetallics, [(tpy)RuCl(BL)PtCl(2)](PF(6)), avidly bind double-stranded DNA with t(1/2) = 1-2 min, substantially reducing the migration of DNA through an agarose gel. Details of the synthetic methods, FAB MS data, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties, and DNA binding studies are presented.
Recent Advances in Personalized Lung Cancer Medicine (2014)

The identification of molecular subtypes of non-small-cell lung cancer has transformed the clinical management of this disease. This is best exemplified by the clinical success of targeting the EGFR or ALK with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the front-line setting. Our ability to further improve patient outcomes with biomarker-based targeted therapies will depend on a more comprehensive genetic platform that can rationally interrogate the cancer genome of an individual patient. Novel technologies, including multiplex genotyping and next-generation sequencing are rapidly evolving and will soon challenge the oncologist with a wealth of genetic information for each patient. Although there are many barriers to overcome, the integration of these genetic platforms into clinical care has the potential to transform the management of lung cancer through improved molecular categorization, patient stratification, and drug development, thereby, improving clinical outcomes through personalized lung cancer medicine.
Mechanisms for Glycolipid Antigen-Driven Cytokine Polarization by Vα14 i NKT Cells (2009)

Certain glycolipid Ags for Valpha14i NKT cells can direct the overall cytokine balance of the immune response. Th2-biasing OCH has a lower TCR avidity than the most potent agonist known, alpha-galactosylceramide. Although the CD1d-exposed portions of OCH and alpha-galactosylceramide are identical, structural analysis indicates that there are subtle CD1d conformational differences due to differences in the buried lipid portion of these two Ags, likely accounting for the difference in antigenic potency. Th1-biasing C-glycoside/CD1d has even weaker TCR interactions than OCH/CD1d. Despite this, C-glycoside caused a greater downstream activation of NK cells to produce IFN-gamma, accounting for its promotion of Th1 responses. We found that this difference correlated with the finding that C-glycoside/CD1d complexes survive much longer in vivo. Therefore, we suggest that the pharmacokinetic properties of glycolipids are a major determinant of cytokine skewing, suggesting a pathway for designing therapeutic glycolipids for modulating invariant NKT cell responses.
Use of the Linear-Quadratic Radiobiological Model for Quantifying Kidney Response in Targeted Radiotherapy (2004)

This paper reviews the generalized application of the linear quadratic (LQ) model of radiobiological effect to targeted radiotherapy. Special attention is given to formulations for normal tissue responses and these are applied, in particular, to the kidney. Because it is derived from self-consistent bio-physical principles, the LQ model currently remains the standard formalism for assessing biological responses for the whole range of radiotherapy treatments. A central feature of the model is the derivation of biologically effective doses (BEDs), which may be used to quantify the impact of a treatment on both tumors and normal tissues. BEDs are routinely derived for conventional external-beam treatments. The likely limits of targeted radiotherapy may, thus, be assessed by comparing the expected normal-tissue BEDs for such treatments with those known to be just tolerable in conventional therapy. The main parameters required in the model are defined, and data are provided which demonstrate the tentative link between targeted radiotherapy doses and those used in conventional radiotherapy. The extension of the LQ method to targeted radiotherapy involves using parameters for which the numerical values may not be accurately known at present. This places a restriction on the overall predictive accuracy of the model and the necessary caveats are, therefore, outlined.
Spatial patterning of endothelial cells and vascular network formation using ultrasound standing wave fields (2013)

The spatial organization of cells is essential for proper tissue assembly and organ function. Thus, successful engineering of complex tissues and organs requires methods to control cell organization in three dimensions. In particular, technologies that facilitate endothelial cell alignment and vascular network formation in three-dimensional tissue constructs would provide a means to supply essential oxygen and nutrients to newly forming tissue. Acoustic radiation forces associated with ultrasound standing wave fields can rapidly and non-invasively organize cells into distinct multicellular planar bands within three-dimensional collagen gels. Results presented herein demonstrate that the spatial pattern of endothelial cells within three-dimensional collagen gels can be controlled by design of acoustic parameters of the sound field. Different ultrasound standing wave field exposure parameters were used to organize endothelial cells into either loosely aggregated or densely packed planar bands. The rate of vessel formation and the morphology of the resulting endothelial cell networks were affected by the initial density of the ultrasound-induced planar bands of cells. Ultrasound standing wave fields provide a rapid, non-invasive approach to pattern cells in three-dimensions and direct vascular network formation and morphology within engineered tissue constructs.
Influence of cannabidiol on delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol effects (1976)

Experiments investigating the possible interaction of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), two major components of marihuana, were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions in a double-blind manner. In one study, 15 male volunteers were given placebo or 25 mug/kg of THC together with either placebo or 150 mug/kg of CBD by inhalation of the smoke of a single cigarette. All four treatments were assigned to each subject according to a series of Latin-square designs. CBD significantly attenuated the subjective euphoria of THC. Psychomotor impairment due to THC was not significantly altered by the simultaneous administration of CBD, but a trend indicating a decrease in THC-like effects was observed after the combination. When administered alone CBD was inactive for all the parameters measured. In a second study, 8 male subjects were given CBD (0 or 150 mug/kg) by smoke inhalation 30 min before THC (0 or 25 mug/kg) in a second cigarette. In contrast to the simultaneous administration of both drugs, CBD pretreatment did not alter the effects of THC on the parameters observed.
Tumor immune infiltration estimated from gene expression profiles predicts colorectal cancer relapse (2021)

A substantial fraction of patients with stage I-III colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) experience disease relapse after surgery with curative intent. However, biomarkers for predicting the likelihood of CRC relapse have not been fully explored. Therefore, we assessed the association between tumor infiltration by a broad array of innate and adaptive immune cell types and CRC relapse risk. We implemented a discovery-validation design including a discovery dataset from Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC; Tampa, FL) and three independent validation datasets: (1) GSE41258 (2) the Molecular Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer (MECC) study, and (3) GSE39582. Infiltration by 22 immune cell types was inferred from tumor gene expression data, and the association between immune infiltration by each cell type and relapse-free survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Within each of the four independent cohorts, CD4+ memory activated T cell (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90-0.96; FDR = 0.0001) infiltration was associated with longer time to disease relapse, independent of stage, microsatellite instability, and adjuvant therapy. Based on our meta-analysis across the four datasets, 10 innate and adaptive immune cell types associated with disease relapse of which 2 were internally validated using multiplex immunofluorescence. Moreover, immune cell type infiltration was a better predictors of disease relapse than Consensus Molecular Subtype (CMS) and other expression-based biomarkers (Immune-AIC<sub>MCC</sub>:238.1-238.9; CMS-AIC<sub>MCC</sub>: 241.0). These data suggest that transcriptome-derived immune profiles are prognostic indicators of CRC relapse and quantification of both innate and adaptive immune cell types may serve as candidate biomarkers for predicting prognosis and guiding frequency and modality of disease surveillance.
Aqueous lanthanide shift reagents. 3. Interaction of the ethylenediaminetetraacetate chelates with substituted ammonium cations (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous lanthanide shift reagents. 3. Interaction of the ethylenediaminetetraacetate chelates with substituted ammonium cationsGabriel A. Elgavish and Jacques ReubenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 6, 1762–1765Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00448a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00448a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cloning of an avilamycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tü57 (1997)

A 65-kb region of DNA from Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tü57, containing genes encoding proteins involved in the biosynthesis of avilamycins, was isolated. The DNA sequence of a 6.4-kb fragment from this region revealed four open reading frames (ORF1 to ORF4), three of which are fully contained within the sequenced fragment. The deduced amino acid sequence of AviM, encoded by ORF2, shows 37% identity to a 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase from Penicillium patulum. Cultures of S. lividans TK24 and S. coelicolor CH999 containing plasmids with ORF2 on a 5.5-kb PstI fragment were able to produce orsellinic acid, an unreduced version of 6-methylsalicylic acid. The amino acid sequence encoded by ORF3 (AviD) is 62% identical to that of StrD, a dTDP-glucose synthase from S. griseus. The deduced amino acid sequence of AviE, encoded by ORF4, shows 55% identity to a dTDP-glucose dehydratase (StrE) from S. griseus. Gene insertional inactivation experiments of aviE abolished avilamycin production, indicating the involvement of aviE in the biosynthesis of avilamycins.
Two isoforms of human membrane-bound alpha Ig resulting from alternative mRNA splicing in the membrane segment. (1990)

Antibodies specific for membrane-bound Ig (mIg) but not for their secreted forms would be useful not only for studying the function of mIg but also for modulating B cell activities in vivo. We have proposed that the extracellular portions of the membrane anchor peptides of mIg can be used as antigenic sites for isotype-specific targeting of B cells. Clones containing the genes of human Ig alpha 1 or alpha 2 subclasses were isolated from a genomic DNA library. The gene segments encoding the membrane peptides and their flanking regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, subcloned into plasmid pUC19, and the DNA sequences were determined. Human alpha 1 and alpha 2 genes, like murine alpha gene, each has only one membrane exon. The sequences of the human alpha 1 and alpha 2 genes are almost identical in the membrane peptide-coding region. The mRNA from a human mIgA-expressing B cell line, DAKIKI, was isolated, its cDNA prepared, and the segments spanning the membrane peptide-coding region and a part of the constant domain 3 amplified by polymerase chain reaction. DNA sequences revealed that there are two isoforms of alpha 1-chain, resulting from the alternative splicing of the third constant domain of H chain to two acceptor sites in the membrane exon. One isoform has a segment of 32 and the other 26 amino acid residues in the extracellular portion of the membrane peptide. These segments may serve as isotype-specific antigenic epitopes for antibody targeting of mIgA-bearing B cells.
Cytotoxic targeting of F9 teratocarcinoma tumours with anti-ED-B fibronectin scFv antibody modified liposomes (2002)

We prepared small unilamellar liposomes derivatised with single chain antibody fragments specific for the ED-B domain of B-fibronectin. This extracellular matrix associated protein is expressed around newly forming blood vessels in the vicinity of many types of tumours. The single chain antibody fragments were functionalised by introduction of C-terminal cysteines and linked to liposomes via maleimide groups located at the terminal ends of poly(ethylene glycol) modified phospholipids. The properties of these anti-ED-B single chain antibody fragments-liposomes were analysed in vitro on ED-B fibronectin expressing Caco-2 cells and in vivo by studying their biodistribution and their therapeutic potential in mice bearing subcutanous F9 teratocarcinoma tumours. Radioactively labelled ((114m)Indium) single chain antibody fragments-liposomes accumulated in the tumours at 2-3-fold higher concentrations during the first 2 h after i.v. injection compared to unmodified liposomes. After 6-24 h both liposome types were found in similar amounts (8-10% injected dose g(-1)) in the tumours. Animals treated i.v. with single chain antibody fragments-liposomes containing the new cytotoxic agent 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridylyl-N(4)-octadecyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (30 mg kg(-1) per dose, five times every 24 h) showed a reduction of tumour growth by 62-90% determined on days 5 and 8, respectively, compared to animals receiving control liposomes. Histological analysis revealed a marked reduction of F9 tumour cells and excessive deposition of fibronectin in the extracellular matrix after treatment with single chain antibody fragments-2-dioxy-5-fluorouridylyl-N(4)-octadecyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-liposomes. Single chain antibody fragments-liposomes targeted to ED-B fibronectin positive tumours therefore represent a promising and versatile novel drug delivery system for the treatment of tumours.
Loss of PTEN expression is associated with colorectal cancer liver metastasis and poor patient survival (2008)

Our results suggest that loss of PTEN expression is involved with colorectal cancer aggressive capacity and that diagnostic evaluation of PTEN expression may provide valuable prognostic information to aid treatment strategies for colorectal cancer patients.
Surface-Free Energy Of Silicon-Based Plasma Polymer Films (2010)

Founded in 1683 in Leiden, the Netherlands, Brill is a leading international academic publisher in the Humanities, Social Sciences, International Law, and Biology. With offices in the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, the USA and Asia, Brill today publishes more than 360 journals and 2,000 new books and reference works each year as well as a large number of databases and primary source research collections.