gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and experimental analysis of a two-stage system for classification (2002)

We consider a popular approach to multicategory classification tasks: a two-stage system based on a first classifier with rejection followed by a nearest-neighbor classifier. Patterns which are not rejected by the first classifier are classified according to its output. Rejected patterns are passed to the nearest-neighbor classifier together with the top-h ranking classes returned by the first classifier. The nearest-neighbor classifier, looking at patterns in the top-h classes, classifies the rejected pattern. An editing strategy for the nearest-neighbor reference database, controlled by the first classifier, is also considered. We analyze this system. Moreover, we formally relate the response time of the system to the rejection rate of the first classifier and to the other system parameters. The error-response time trade-off is also discussed. Finally, we experimentally study two instances of the system applied to the recognition of handwritten digits. In one system, the first classifier is a fuzzy basis functions network, while in the second system it is a feed-forward neural network. Classification results as well as response times for different settings of the system parameters are reported for both systems.
Selective Laser Sintering of Bioceramic Materials for Implants (2018)

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process is employed for fabrication of biocerarnics&#13;\nfor orthopedic implants. Hydroxyapatite and Calcium Phosphate ceramics are coated with&#13;\npolymer as a intermediate binder by using a spray drier. Polymer coated materials are&#13;\nSLS processed to make green parts, which are infiltrated and fired to remove the polymer.&#13;\nSLS processed green parts of hydroxyapatite have low density due to the small particle&#13;\nsize with large specific surface area. This paper discusses the possibilities and problems in&#13;\nfree-form fabrication of bioceramic.
Isolation of cDNA clones for differentially expressed genes of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. (1986)

Little is known about the mechanisms that control transformations during the life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni. To enable isolation of DNA sequences encoding developmentally regulated antigens a cDNA expression library in the vector lambda gt11 amp3 was constructed from adult mRNA and immunologically screened with sera from infected individuals. We report here on the properties of three recombinant clones that derive from developmentally regulated genes. Clone 10-3 encoded a beta-galactosidase fusion protein present in high abundance in infected Escherichia coli. Clones 7-2 and 8-2 also produced immunologically recognized proteins; however, the peptides did not appear to be beta-galactosidase fusion proteins. The expression of mRNAs hybridizing to these cDNAs was examined in the different stages of the parasite life cycle. Messenger RNA corresponding to clone 10-3, approximately equal to 1000 bases in length, was present in higher abundance in male worms than in females but was not detected in schistosome eggs. A 900-base mRNA hybridizing to clone 7-2 was observed in adult worms and eggs. Both clone 10-3 and clone 7-2 hybridized to smaller mRNAs in cercariae and freshly transformed schistosomula than in adult worms. Clone 8-2 contained tandem cDNA inserts. One cDNA hybridized to a 1700-base mRNA present in all stages, while the second hybridized to an 800-base mRNA specific to adult female worms.
HEPATOCYTE TRANSPLANTATION USING BIODEGRADABLE MATRICES IN ASCORBIC ACID-DEFICIENT RATS: COMPARISON WITH HETEROTOPICALLY TRANSPLANTED LIVER GRAFTS1 (2001)

Background. Hepatocyte transplantation using polymeric matrices is under investigation as an alternative therapy for metabolic liver diseases. Long-term engraftment of hepatocytes in polymers has been demonstrated. However, the metabolic activity of hepatocytes in such devices has never been assessed in direct comparison with liver grafts. Methods. Hepatocyte and partial liver transplantation were evaluated in the scurvy-prone osteogenic disorder Shionogi rat model. Biodegradable poly glycolic acid matrices seeded with hepatocytes equivalent to 20% of the recipient’s liver mass, or 20% liver grafts were heterotopically transplanted into ascorbic acid- (AsA) deficient recipients. Recipients of cell-free matrices or AsA-deficient liver grafts served as controls. Recipients were set on AsA-free diet after transplantation. Plasma AsA levels, AsA concentrations in liver and adrenal gland tissue, and body weight ratios were assessed and H&E histology was performed. Results. Recipients from the control groups showed symptoms of scurvy at 1 month after cessation of AsA supply. Hepatocyte transplantation and auxiliary liver transplantation prevented symptoms of scurvy and increased plasma and tissue AsA levels and body weight ratios. AsA levels in recipients of 20% liver grafts were comparable to normal control animals. Conclusions. Hepatocytes transplanted in polymeric matrices are able to compensate for liver-based metabolic deficiencies. Hepatocyte transplantation improves plasma AsA levels in AsA-deficient recipients. However, auxiliary liver grafts are superior to hepatocyte grafts in improving metabolic parameters. Further research work is needed to increase the efficiency of liver cell transplantation with regard to a clinical application.
Sequence of a 21 kd zein gene from maize containing an in-frame stop codon (1989)

Journal Article Sequence of a 21 kd zein gene from maize containing an in-frame stop codon Get access Christine Wandelt, Christine Wandelt 1CSIRO, Division of Plant IndustryGPO Box 1600, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Guenter Feix Guenter Feix Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 6, 25 March 1989, Page 2354, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.6.2354 Published: 25 March 1989 Article history Received: 16 February 1989 Published: 25 March 1989
Complexes of (arylimido)vanadium(V). Synthetic, structural, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies of V(Ntol)Cl3 and derivatives (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplexes of (arylimido)vanadium(V). Synthetic, structural, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies of V(Ntol)Cl3 and derivativesDavid D. Devore, Joseph D. Lichtenhan, Fusao Takusagawa, and Eric A. MaattaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 24, 7408–7416Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00258a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00258a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views706Altmetric-Citations129LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A bicistronic retrovirus vector containing a picornavirus internal ribosome entry site allows for correction of X-linked CGD by selection for MDR1 expression (1996)

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited hematologic disorder involving failure of phagocytic cell oxidase to produce superoxide (O2-.), resulting in recurrent infections. The success of retrovirus gene therapy for hematopoietic diseases will be limited both by the efficiency of ex vivo transduction of target cells and by the ability of corrected cells to replace uncorrected cells in vivo. Using MFG-based retrovirus vectors containing oxidase genes, we have previously demonstrated in vitro correction of CGD, but transduction rates were low. In the present study we explore a strategy for providing a selective growth advantage to transduced cells, while retaining the single promoter feature of MFG responsible for high virus titer and enhanced protein production. We constructed a bicistronic retrovirus producing a single mRNA encoding both the therapeutic gene for the X-linked form of CGD (X-CGD), gp91phox, and the selectable human multidrug resistance gene, MDR1 linked together by the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES). As a control we constructed a bicistronic vector with the polio virus IRES element and using the bacterial neomycin resistance gene (neor) as the selective element. In Epstein-Barr virus transformed B (EBV-B) cells from an X-CGD patient, a tissue culture model of CGD, we show correction of the CGD defect and complete normalization of the cell population using either of these vectors and appropriate selection (vincristine for MDR1 and G418 for neor). Using a chemiluminescence assay of O2-. production, populations of cells transduced with either vector demonstrated initial correction levels of from less than 0.1% up to 2.7% of normal EBV-B cell oxidase activity. With either construct, cell growth under appropriate selection enriched the population of transduced cells, resulting in correction of X-CGD EBV-B cells to a level of O2-. production equalling or exceeding that of normal EBV-B cells. These studies show that a therapeutic gene can be linked to a resistance gene by an IRES element, allowing for selective enrichment of cells expressing the therapeutic gene. Furthermore, the use of MDR1 as a selective element in our studies validates an important approach to gene therapy that could allow in vivo selection and is generalizable to a number of therapeutic settings.
New Microprocessor-Based Insulin Controller (1983)

We have previously defined the requirements of an elegant, simple waveform for intravenous insulin delivery in insulin-dependent diabetes [7]. This waveform consists of a constant basal rate and three sequential pulses which are adapted for each meal. Under the direction of a diabetologist, the basal rate is adjusted for fasting normal blood glucose levels, and the meal pulses are configured according to two parameters per pulse (flow rate and time duration) so that blood glucose after the meal is also normalized. We here describe a new microprocessor-based insulin controller which exploits this knowledge.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Distinct Sites on Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Glycoprotein D Block HSV Binding to HVEM (1998)

HVEM (for herpesvirus entry mediator) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and mediates entry of many strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV) into normally nonpermissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We used sucrose density centrifugation to demonstrate that purified HSV-1 KOS virions bind directly to a soluble, truncated form of HVEM (HVEMt) in the absence of any other cell-associated components. Therefore, HVEM mediates HSV entry by serving as a receptor for the virus. We previously showed that soluble, truncated forms of HSV glycoprotein D (gDt) bind to HVEMt in vitro. Here we show that antibodies specific for gD, but not the other entry glycoproteins gB, gC, or the gH/gL complex, completely block HSV binding to HVEM. Thus, virion gD is the principal mediator of HSV binding to HVEM. To map sites on virion gD which are necessary for its interaction with HVEM, we preincubated virions with gD-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). MAbs that recognize antigenic sites Ib and VII of gD were the only MAbs which blocked the HSV-HVEM interaction. MAbs from these two groups failed to coprecipitate HVEMt in the presence of soluble gDt, whereas the other anti-gD MAbs coprecipitated HVEMt and gDt. Previous mapping data indicated that site VII includes amino acids 11 to 19 and site Ib includes 222 to 252. The current experiments indicate that these sites contain residues important for HSV binding to HVEM. Group Ib and VII MAbs also blocked HSV entry into HVEM-expressing CHO cells. These results suggest that the mechanism of neutralization by these MAbs is via interference with the interaction between gD in the virus and HVEM on the cell. Group Ia and II MAbs failed to block HSV binding to HVEM yet still neutralized HVEM-mediated entry, suggesting that these MAbs block entry at a step other than HVEM binding.
Carvedilol and vesnarinone: new antiarrhythmic approach in heart failure therapy. (2001)

Carvedilol and vesnarinone are drugs attracting recent interest in the treatment of chronic heart failure. Electrophysiologic studies have revealed that these drugs cause a moderate prolongation of action potential duration (APD) of ventricular muscles with minimal "reverse frequency-dependence" through different ionic mechanisms. Carvedilol blocks L-type Ca2+ current (ICa), transient outward K+ current (Ito), and delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) preferentially for the rapidly activating component (IKr). Vesnarinone is a selective blocker of IK with a unique drug-channel interaction. From the voltage- and time-dependence of IK inhibition, vesnarinone is considered to bind the IK (mainly IKr) channel during the activated state and unbind during the closed state. These electropharmacologic profiles provide a new approach for the development of an ideal antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with structural heart diseases.
Minocycline prevents nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease (2001)

Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, decreased striatal dopamine levels, and consequent extrapyramidal motor dysfunction. We now report that minocycline, a semisynthetic tetracycline, recently shown to have neuroprotective effects in animal models of stroke/ischemic injury and Huntington's disease, prevents nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Minocycline treatment also blocked dopamine depletion in the striatum as well as in the nucleus accumbens after MPTP administration. The neuroprotective effect of minocycline is associated with marked reductions in inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and caspase 1 expression. In vitro studies using primary cultures of mesencephalic and cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) and/or glia demonstrate that minocycline inhibits both 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-mediated iNOS expression and NO-induced neurotoxicity, but MPP(+)-induced neurotoxicity is inhibited only in the presence of glia. Further, minocycline also inhibits NO-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in CGN and the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, blocks NO toxicity of CGN. Our results suggest that minocycline blocks MPTP neurotoxicity in vivo by indirectly inhibiting MPTP/MPP(+)-induced glial iNOS expression and/or directly inhibiting NO-induced neurotoxicity, most likely by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Thus, NO appears to play an important role in MPTP neurotoxicity. Neuroprotective tetracyclines may be effective in preventing or slowing the progression of Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Neutrophil disorders and their management (2001)

Neutrophil disorders are an uncommon yet important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children. This article is an overview of these conditions, with emphasis on clinical recognition, rational investigation, and treatment. A comprehensive list of references is provided for further reading.
Novel fluorescent protein from Discosoma coral and its mutants possesses a unique far‐red fluorescence (2000)

A novel gene for advanced red-shifted protein with an emission maximum at 593 nm was cloned from Discosoma coral. The protein, named dsFP593, is highly homologous to the recently described GFP-like protein drFP583 with an emission maximum at 583 nm. Using the remarkable similarity of the drFP583 and dsFP593 genes, we performed a 'shuffling' procedure to generate a pool of mutants consisting of various combinations of parts of both genes. One 'hybrid gene' was chosen for subsequent random mutagenesis, which resulted in a mutant variant with a uniquely red-shifted emission maximum at 616 nm.
The DNA Rearrangement That Generates the TRK-T3 Oncogene Involves a Novel Gene on Chromosome 3 Whose Product Has a Potential Coiled-Coil Domain (1995)

Oncogenic rearrangements of the NTRK1 gene (also designated TRKA), encoding one of the receptors for the nerve growth factor, are frequently detected in thyroid carcinomas. Such rearrangements fuse the NTRK1 tyrosine kinase domain to 5'-end sequences belonging to different genes. In previously reported studies we have demonstrated that NTRK1 oncogenic activation involves two genes, TPM3 and TPR, both localized similarly to the receptor tyrosine kinase, on the q arm of chromosome 1. Here we report the characterization of a novel NTRK1-derived thyroid oncogene, named TRK-T3. A cDNA clone, capable of transforming activity, was isolated from a transformant cell line. Sequence analysis revealed that TRK-T3 contains 1,412 nucleotides of NTRK1 preceded by 598 nucleotides belonging to a novel gene that we have named TFG (TRK-fused gene). The TRK-T3 amino acid sequence displays, within the TFG region, a coiled-coil motif that could endow the oncoprotein with the capability to form complexes. The TRK-T3 oncogene encodes a 68-kDa cytoplasmic protein reacting with NTRK1-specific antibodies. By sedimentation gradient experiments the TRK-T3 oncoprotein was shown to form, in vivo, multimeric complexes, most likely trimers or tetramers. The TFG gene is ubiquitously expressed and is located on chromosome 3. The breakpoint producing the TRK-T3 oncogene occurs within exons of both the TFG gene and the NTRK1 gene and produces a chimeric exon that undergoes alternative splicing. Molecular analysis of the NTRK1 rearranged fragments indicated that the chromosomal rearrangement is reciprocal and balanced and involves loss of a few nucleotides of germ line sequences.
Two-phase flow and heat transfer in microchannels (2010)

Flow boiling in microchannels has been investigated broadly over the last decade for electronics cooling applications; however, the implementation of microchannel heat sinks operating in the two-phase regime in practical applications has lagged due to the complexity of boiling phenomena at the microscale. In the current study, extensive experimental work has been conducted to systematically determine the effects of important geometric and flow parameters on flow regimes and heat transfer in microscale flow boiling. Local heat transfer measurements obtained with simultaneous, detailed flow visualizations lead to a better understanding of boiling phenomena and the governing heat transfer mechanisms in microchannels. Based on the experimental results obtained with microchannel test pieces encompassing a wide range of channel dimensions and operating conditions, a new transition criterion is developed which predicts the conditions under which microscale confinement effects are exhibited in flow boiling. This criterion depends on the value of a parameter termed the convective confinement number in this study, Bo0.5×Re, which depends not only on the channel dimensions and fluid properties, but also on the mass flux. It is shown that physical confinement exists in the microchannels for Bo0.5×Re <160. In this case, thin-film evaporation contributes to heat transfer in addition to nucleate boiling and results in larger values of heat transfer coefficient compared to those cases in which no confinement is observed. For the larger convective confinement numbers where physical confinement does not occur and nucleate boiling is dominant, the heat transfer coefficient is independent of channel dimensions. A comprehensive flow regime map for flow boiling of a perfluorinated dielectric liquid (FC-77) is developed based on the experimental data. Using the convective confinement number and a nondimensional form of heat flux as coordinates, the flow regime map reveals four distinct regions of confined slug, bubbly, churn/confined annular, and churn/annular/wispy-annular flow regimes separated by two quantitative transition lines. Models are proposed for prediction of the heat transfer coefficient in each of the four regions in the flow regime map. Also, regime-based prediction of pressure drop in microchannels is discussed by evaluating pressure drop of each flow regime along the microchannels separately.
Strengthening Global Surveillance for Antimicrobial Drug–ResistantNeisseria gonorrhoeaethrough the Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2017)

Monitoring trends in antimicrobial drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a critical public health and global health security activity because the number of antimicrobial drugs available to treat gonorrhea effectively is rapidly diminishing. Current global surveillance methods for antimicrobial drug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae have many limitations, especially in countries with the greatest burden of disease. The Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Program is a collaboration between the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The program aims to monitor trends in antimicrobial drug susceptibilities in N. gonorrhoeae by using standardized sampling and laboratory protocols; to improve the quality, comparability, and timeliness of gonococcal antimicrobial drug resistance data across multiple countries; and to assess resistance patterns in key populations at highest risk for antimicrobial drug-resistant gonorrhea so country-specific treatment guidelines can be informed.
Watertight tessellation using forward differencing (2001)

In this paper we describe an algorithm and hardware for the tessellation of polynomial surfaces. While conventional forward difference-based tessellation is subject to round off error and cracking, our algorithm produces a bit-for-bit consistent triangle mesh across multiple independently tessellated patches. We present tessellation patterns that exploit the efficiency of iterative evaluation techniques while delivering a defect free adaptive tessellation with continuous level-of-detail. We also report the rendering performance of the resulting physical hardware implementation.