gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Infections With Influenza A(H3N2) Variant Virus in the United States, 2011-2012 (2013)

BACKGROUND. During August 2011-April 2012, 13 human infections with influenza A(H3N2) variant (H3N2v) virus were identified in the United States; 8 occurred in the prior 2 years. This virus differs from previous variant influenza viruses in that it contains the matrix (M) gene from the Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic influenza virus. METHODS. A case was defined as a person with laboratory-confirmed H3N2v virus infection. Cases and contacts were interviewed to determine exposure to swine and other animals and to assess potential person-to-person transmission. RESULTS. Median age of cases was 4 years, and 12 of 13 (92%) were children. Pig exposure was identified in 7 (54%) cases. Six of 7 cases with swine exposure (86%) touched pigs, and 1 (14%) was close to pigs without known direct contact. Six cases had no swine exposure, including 2 clusters of suspected person-to-person transmission. All cases had fever; 12 (92%) had respiratory symptoms, and 3 (23%) were hospitalized for influenza. All 13 cases recovered. CONCLUSIONS. H3N2v virus infections were identified at a high rate from August 2011 to April 2012, and cases without swine exposure were identified in influenza-like illness outbreaks, indicating that limited person-to-person transmission likely occurred. Variant influenza viruses rarely result in sustained person-to-person transmission; however, the potential for this H3N2v virus to transmit efficiently is of concern. With minimal preexisting immunity in children and the limited cross-protective effect from seasonal influenza vaccine, the majority of children are susceptible to infection with this novel influenza virus.
Pineal control of aging: effect of melatonin and pineal grafting on aging mice. (1994)

Dark-cycle, night administration of the pineal hormone melatonin in drinking water to aging mice (15 months of age) prolongs survival of BALB/c females from 23.8 to 28.1 months and preserves aspects of their youthful state. Similar results were seen in New Zealand Black females beginning at 5 months and C57BL/6 males beginning at 19 months. As melatonin is produced in circadian fashion from the pineal, we grafted pineals from young 3- to 4-month-old donors into the thymus of 20-month-old syngeneic C57BL/6 male recipients, and a 12% increase in survival was induced. Prolongation of survival was also seen on pineal transplant to the thymus in C57BL/6, BALB/cJ, and hybrid female mice at 16, 19, and 22 months. In all studies, the endogenous pineal of grafted mice was left in situ. Pineal grafted aged mice display a remarkable maintenance of thymic structure and cellularity. Preservation of T-cell-mediated function, despite age, as measured by response to oxazolone is seen. Other evidence suggests that melatonin and/or pineal-related factors could produce their effects through an influence on thyroid function. These data indicate that pineal influences have a place in the physiologic regulation of aging.
Analysis of living S. cerevisiae cell states—A three color approach (2006)

Abstract Background Biosyntheses often fluctuate with the state of the cell in the cell cycle and on the capacity of the cell to access and metabolize a carbon source. Visualization of substrate uptake by individual cells, together with the simultaneous analysis of proliferation activity and the proportion of dead cells, facilitate reliable and quasi‐online process optimization. Methods Flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining were used to follow proliferation activity of living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, whereas 2‐NBD‐glucose was employed to analyze the cells' substrate affinity. Propidium iodide was used to determine the proportion of dead cells. Calibration and verification experiments were performed with cells grown batch‐wise as well as in transient state regimes. Results A new and rapid three‐color assay was developed and tested under varying microenvironmental conditions. Conclusions Live/dead cell states and the affinity to 2‐NBD‐glucose vs. proliferation states were determined during respiratory and/or fermentative modes of metabolism. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Could the processed seismic wavelet be simpler than we think? (1991)

Abstract J. P. Lindsey, (1988) in a clearly written short piece, opens an old question which concerns the analytic properties of seismic wavelets. This well conceived study concludes that most of the roots of a seismic wavelet as expressed by its z transform representation lie on or are very near the unit circle.The present discussion does not seek to characterize the form of all seismic wavelets, but only many if not most of those which have been processed with deconvolutions or 'inversion' type operators to have reduced length, broadened bandwidth, and some desirable phase property. For such wavelets, despite the diversity by which they are obtained, remarkably simple operations having very few parameters can be extremely effective. As a case in point, constant-phase rotations appear to carry such wavelets to zero-phase symmetric form to a very good approximation.I start with empirical attributes which appear to characterize most processed seismic wavelets. Such wavelets tend to be of 40-100 ms duration with a smooth and unimodal amplitude spectrum of 'peak' or 'central' frequency between 15 and 30 Hz. The amplitude spectrum itself is further largely concentrated at frequencies between 5 and 55 Hz.A z transform root structure having essentially all of its roots only on the unit circle and on the real axis seems able to characterize all of the observed attributes rather well. This structure will be termed the band-limiting root approximation (BLRA) and describes the attributes I seek to explain which are not as readily understood from alternative descriptions of the wavelets. Since the class of wavelets we address is obtained by a variety of means, and because the differences in character are at best subtle according to interpretive criteria, my justification is heuristic.The BLRA wavelet structure can be represented with remarkably few parameters (typically fewer than five). Of these few parameters, two relate to the frequency distribution. Such a formalism should be exceptionally useful for designing seismic techniques which seek to extract interpretive information based on properties of the wavelet.
Analytic expressions for the electromagnetic mode density in finite, one-dimensional, photonic band-gap structures (1996)

We derive an exact expression for the electromagnetic mode density, and hence the group velocity, for a finite, N-period, one-dimensional, photonic band-gap structure. We begin by deriving a general formula for the mode density in terms of the complex transmission coefficient of an arbitrary index profile. Then we develop a specific formula that gives the N-period mode density in terms of the complex transmission coefficient of the unit cell. The special cases of mode-density enhancement and suppression at the photonic band edge and also at midgap, respectively, are derived. The specific example of a quarter-wave stack is analyzed, and applications to three-dimensional structures, spontaneous emission control, delay lines, band-edge lasers, and superluminal tunneling times are discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Mutations to the Third Cytoplasmic Domain of the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) Receptor Can Functionally Uncouple GLP-1-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in HIT-T15 Cells (1999)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an insulinotropic hormone with powerful antidiabetogenic effects that are thought to be mediated by adenylyl cyclase (AC). Recently, we generated two GLP-1 receptor mutant isoforms (IC3-1 and DM-1) that displayed efficient ligand binding and the ability to promote Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores but lacked the ability to couple to AC. In the present study, the wild-type rat GLP-1 receptor (WT-GLP-1 R) or the IC3-1 and DM-1 mutant forms were expressed for the first time in the insulin-producing HIT-T15 cells. Only cells expressing WT-GLP-1 R displayed dramatically elevated GLP-1-induced cAMP responses and elevated insulin secretion. The increase in GLP-1-stimulated secretion in cells expressing WT-GLP-1 R, however, was not accompanied by differences in glucose-stimulated insulin release. Prolonged exposure to GLP-1 (10 nM, 17 h), not only led to an increase in insulin secretion but also increased insulin mRNA levels, but only in cells expressing the WT-GLP-1 R and not the mutant isoforms. Electrophysiological analyses revealed that GLP-1 application enhanced L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC) currents > 2-fold and caused a positive shift in VDCC voltage-dependent inactivation in WT-GLP-1R cells only, not control or mutant (DM-1) cells. This action on the Ca2+ current was further enhanced by the VDCC agonist, BAYK8644, suggesting GLP-1 acts via a distinct mechanism dependent on cAMP. These studies demonstrate that the GLP-1 receptor efficiently couples to AC to stimulate insulin secretion and that receptors lacking critical residues in the proximal region of the third intracellular loop can effectively uncouple the receptor from cAMP production, VDCC activity, insulin secretion, and insulin biosynthesis.
Genome-wide Study of Gene Copy Numbers, Transcripts, and Protein Levels in Pairs of Non-invasive and Invasive Human Transitional Cell Carcinomas (2002)

Gain and loss of chromosomal material is characteristic of bladder cancer, as well as malignant transformation in general. The consequences of these changes at both the transcription and translation levels is at present unknown partly because of technical limitations. Here we have attempted to address this question in pairs of non-invasive and invasive human bladder tumors using a combination of technology that included comparative genomic hybridization, high density oligonucleotide array-based monitoring of transcript levels (5600 genes), and high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The results showed that there is a gene dosage effect that in some cases superimposes on other regulatory mechanisms. This effect depended (p < 0.015) on the magnitude of the comparative genomic hybridization change. In general (18 of 23 cases), chromosomal areas with more than 2-fold gain of DNA showed a corresponding increase in mRNA transcripts. Areas with loss of DNA, on the other hand, showed either reduced or unaltered transcript levels. Because most proteins resolved by two-dimensional gels are unknown it was only possible to compare mRNA and protein alterations in relatively few cases of well focused abundant proteins. With few exceptions we found a good correlation (p < 0.005) between transcript alterations and protein levels. The implications, as well as limitations, of the approach are discussed.
Review article: gastric electrical stimulation for gastroparesis – physiological foundations, technical aspects and clinical implications (2009)

Gastric electrical stimulation is a helpful intervention in recalcitrant gastroparesis. Controlled studies and better understanding of mechanisms of action of electrical stimulation are needed to evaluate further the clinical utility of this intervention and to exploit its therapeutic potential better.
Playing Well With Industry (2008)

Industry is an important source of funding for academic research, but industry-funded scientists must maintain a careful balance between academic and industrial needs.
Prostaglandins in Severe Congestive Heart Failure (1984)

To determine whether prostaglandins are involved in circulatory homeostasis in congestive heart failure, we measured plasma levels of the metabolites of vasodilator prostaglandins I2 and E2 in 15 patients with severe chronic heart failure. Mean circulating levels of both metabolites were 3 to 10 times higher than those in normal subjects. Plasma levels of both metabolites correlated directly with plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin II concentrations (r = 0.64 and 0.84, respectively). Individual serum sodium concentrations were inversely correlated with levels of prostaglandin E2 metabolites (r = -0.92, P less than 0.001) and plasma renin activity (r = -0.69, P less than 0.02). Of 23 patients with severe heart failure challenged with indomethacin (an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis), the 9 with hyponatremia had significant decreases in the cardiac index (1.99 +/- 0.12 to 1.72 +/- 0.13 liters per minute per square meter of body-surface area, P less than 0.001) and significant increases in the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (17.4 +/- 2.0 to 24.0 +/- 1.9 mm Hg, P less than 0.001) and systemic vascular resistance (1882 +/- 239 to 2488 +/- 315 dyn x sec x cm-5, P less than 0.001), whereas the 14 patients with a normal serum sodium concentration had no significant hemodynamic changes. We conclude that both vasoconstrictor (renin-angiotensin) and vasodilator (prostaglandin) mechanisms are operative in patients with heart failure complicated by hyponatremia and that these mechanisms interact to modulate circulatory homeostasis.
Effects of two different application methods of Burkholderia ambifaria MCI 7 on plant growth and rhizospheric bacterial diversity (2002)

In order to acquire a better understanding of the effects of the different delivery modes of bacterial inoculants on plant growth and on the community structure of rhizosphere bacterial populations, Burkholderia ambifaria MCI 7 (formerly B. cepacia MCI 7) was inoculated into the rhizosphere of maize plants by either seed adhesion or incorporation into soil. Plant growth was evaluated at different inoculum concentrations. The community structure of rhizosphere bacterial populations was evaluated by analysing the restriction patterns of the DNA coding for 16S rRNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (ARDRA) of 745 bacterial isolates. A number of diversity indices (richness, Shannon diversity, evenness and mean genetic distance) were calculated for each bacterial population isolated from control and treated plants according to the concept of the r/K strategy. Moreover, the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) method was applied to estimate the genetic differences among the various bacterial populations. Our results showed that the method of application can be an essential element in determining the effects of the inoculant on plant growth. In fact, when applied as a maize seed treatment, B. ambifaria MCI 7 promoted plant growth significantly; on the contrary, when incorporated into soil, the same strain reduced plant growth markedly. As far as the bacterial community structure is concerned, B. ambifaria MCI 7 affected the indigenous microflora of treated plants according to the application method: seed treatment brought about an abrupt decrease in bacterial diversity, whereas incorporation into soil increased bacterial diversity. Moreover, changes in bacterial diversity were limited to r-strategist bacteria. In conclusion, B. ambifaria MCI 7 can act as both a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium and a deleterious rhizobacterium depending on the inoculation method.
From handwriting analysis to pen-computer applications (1998)

In this paper, pen computing, i.e. the use of computers and applications in which the pen is the main input device, are described from four different viewpoints. Firstly a brief overview of the hardware developments in pen systems is given, leading to the conclusion that the technological developments in this area have not led to the expected user acceptance of pen computing. The reasons underlying this market failure are explored. Problems of pen-user interface design are then described and existing and new applications are summarised. The handwriting process and product are discussed and, finally, automatic recognition methodologies are considered. Four basic factors determining handwriting variation and variability are identified. A handwriting recognition approach using segmentation into velocity-based strokes is considered in somewhat more detail.
Preparation and Characterization of Tri-Lobular Alumina/Carbon Nanofiber Composites (2009)

A carbon nanofiber (CNF) covered alumina composite of tri-lobular shape was synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition using Ni as catalyst and ethylene as carbon source. Its morphology and microstructure, textural and mechanical properties, and crystallinity were investigated using N2 physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, particle crushing strength measurement and X-ray diffraction. It was shown that the CNFs grown on the surface of the tri-lobular granule alumina had a high degree of graphitization, and the alumina substrate and the CNF layer were combined into a composite, which had a mesoporous structure and a surface area larger than 187 m2·g-1. The pore volume of the composite was larger than 0.24 cm3·g-1 and more than 85% of the pore volume corresponded to a pore size range between 3 and 10 nm. The side crushing strength of the composite satisfied the requirements for industrial catalyst supports. Therefore, the composite is very promising for industrial application.
Selective halogen-lithium exchange in bromophenylalkyl halides (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective halogen-lithium exchange in bromophenylalkyl halidesWilliam E. Parham, Lawrence D. Jones, and Yousry A. SayedCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 7, 1184–1186Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00869a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00869a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1613Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heterogeneous catalysis in industrial practice (1991)

This second edition is aims to reflect new developments in theory and in commercial application. The guide focuses on the use of solid catalysts and catalytic reactions in large-scale industrial operations. The author provides explanations of the chemistry, kinetics and engineering of heterogeneous catalysis, listing applications to procedures and processes in the lab, pilot plant and commercial setting. Throughout, the emphasis is on workable solutions to real problems.
Cyclooligomeric Receptors Based on Trimesic Acid and 1,2-Diamines. Minimal Structure for Sequence-Selective Peptide Binding (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclooligomeric Receptors Based on Trimesic Acid and 1,2-Diamines. Minimal Structure for Sequence-Selective Peptide BindingHelma Wennemers, Seung Soo Yoon, and W. Clark StillCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 5, 1108–1109Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00110a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00110a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views232Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Angiopoietin-like 7 Secretion Is Induced by Glaucoma Stimuli and Its Concentration Is Elevated in Glaucomatous Aqueous Humor (2008)

Induction of ANGPTL7 secretion by glaucoma stimuli and increased concentration of ANGPTL7 in glaucomatous AH suggest that ANGPTL7 is overexpressed in glaucoma. Since overexpression of ANGPTL7 increases collagen expression, a potential disease mechanism, ANGPTL7 could have a pathogenic role in glaucoma, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Endogenous IGF-1 regulates the neuronal differentiation of adult stem cells (2000)

Stem cells from the adult forebrain of mice were stimulated to form clones in vitro using fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). At concentrations above 10 ng/ml of FGF-2, very few clones gave rise to neurons; however, if FGF-2 was removed after 5 days, 20-30% of clones subsequently gave rise to neurons. The number of neuron-containing clones and the number of neurons per clone was significantly enhanced, if insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 or heparin were added subsequent to FGF-2 removal. The spontaneous production of neurons after FGF-2 removal was shown to be due to endogenous IGF-1, since antibodies to IGF-1 and an IGF-1 binding protein totally inhibited neuronal production. Similarly, these reagents also abrogated the neuron-promoting effects of heparin. Thus, it appears that endogenous IGF-1 may be a major regulator of stem cell differentiation into neurons. Furthermore, it was found that high levels of IGF-1 or insulin promoted the maturation and affected the neurotransmitter phenotype of the neurons generated.
Rapid chemiluminescent nucleic acid assays for detection of TEM-1 beta-lactamase-mediated penicillin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other bacteria (1988)

Two new assays for the detection of TEM-1 beta-lactamase-mediated bacterial penicillin resistance were developed that involve the use of specific nucleic acid hybridization. Both techniques are based on a solution-phase hybridization of oligonucleotide probes to the target DNA sequence, solid-phase capture of the probe-target complex, and an amplified chemiluminescent labeling method. One configuration of hybridization probes detected the presence of TEM-1 in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (45 strains), Haemophilus spp., Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei and Salmonella typhi. A second configuration (TEM-1NH) detected TEM-1 beta-lactamase-mediated penicillin resistance only in N. gonorrhoeae (97 strains) and Haemophilus (6 strains) isolates in which TEM-1 is inserted in a pFA7-type plasmid. Both methods were 100 times more sensitive than a commercially available colorimetric beta-lactamase activity test and approximately 5 times more sensitive than radioisotopic dot blot screening for the gene. The assays are particularly well suited to the analysis of large numbers of samples, can be performed in a total of 4 h, and are sensitive to 10(4) to 10(5) CFU.