gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heme Oxygenase-1: Function, Regulation, and Implication of a Novel Stress-Inducible Protein in Oxidant-Induced Lung Injury (1996)

Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many pulmonary diseases including adult respiratory distress syndrome, emphysema, asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. The morbidity and mortality of these diseases remain high even with optimal medical management. In our attempts to devise new therapies for these disorders, it is crucial to improve our understanding of the basic mechanism(s) of oxidant-induced lung injury. A major line of investigation seeks to characterize the cellular and molecular responses of the lung to oxidant insults. Much progress has been made in our understanding of the role of the "classic" antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) in mediating the lung's resistance against oxidant lung injury. However, it is becoming clear that other oxidant-induced gene products may also play vital roles in the lung's adaptive and/or protective response to oxidative stress. One such stress-response protein is heme oxygenase-1, HO-1. Since the identification of HO-1 in 1968, many of the studies involving this enzyme were understandably focused on the regulation and function of HO-1 in heme metabolism. This emphasis is self-evident as HO-1 catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in heme degradation. Interestingly, however, evidence accumulated over the past 25 years demonstrates that HO-1 is induced not only by the substrate heme but also by a variety of non-heme inducers such as heavy metals, endotoxin, heat shock, inflammatory cytokines, and prostaglandins. The chemical diversity of HO-1 inducers led to the speculation that HO-1, besides its role in heme degradation, may also play a vital function in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Further support for this hypothesis was provided by Tyrrell and colleagues who showed in 1989 that HO-1 is also highly induced by a variety of agents causing oxidative stress. Subsequently, many investigators have focused their attention on the function and regulation of HO-1 in various in vitro and in vivo models of oxidant-mediated cellular and tissue injury. The magnitude of HO-1 induction after oxidative stress and the wide distribution of this enzyme in systemic tissues coupled with the intriguing biological activities of the catalytic byproducts, carbon monoxide, iron, and bilirubin, makes HO-1 a highly attractive and interesting candidate stress-response protein which may play key role(s) in mediating protection against oxidant-mediated lung injury. This review will focus on the current understanding of the physiological significance of HO-1 induction and the molecular regulation of HO-1 gene expression in response to oxidative stress. We hope that this discussion will stimulate interest and investigations into a field which is still largely uncharted in the pulmonary research community.
Characterization of a cDNA encoding a cysteine-rich cell surface protein located in the flagellar pocket of the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. (1990)

We have characterized a cDNA encoding a cysteine-rich, acidic integral membrane protein (CRAM) of the parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma equiperdum. Unlike other membrane proteins of T. brucei, which are distributed throughout the cell surface, CRAM is concentrated in the flagellar pocket, an invagination of the cell surface of the trypanosome where endocytosis has been documented. Accordingly, CRAM also locates to vesicles located underneath the pocket, providing evidence of its internalization. CRAM has a predicted molecular mass of 130 kilodaltons and has a signal peptide, a transmembrane domain, and a 41-amino-acid cytoplasmic extension. A characteristic feature of CRAM is a large extracellular domain with a roughly 66-fold acidic, cysteine-rich 12-amino-acid repeat. CRAM is conserved among different protozoan species, including Trypanosoma cruzi, and CRAM has structural similarities with eucaryotic cell surface receptors. The most striking homology of CRAM is to the human low-density-lipoprotein receptor. We propose that CRAM functions as a cell surface receptor of different trypanosome species.
Suppression of v-fms-induced transformation by overexpression of a truncated T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase. (1993)

Rat 2 cells stably transformed by murine v-fms (pB5 cells) were infected with retroviruses containing a human cDNA encoding either a full-length human T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC.PTP) or a truncated form (delta C11.PTP) in which an 11-kDa carboxy-terminal extension had been removed. This segment is responsible for enzyme localization and regulation. Clonal cell lines were isolated following G418 selection and their transforming properties analysed; pB5 cells containing the vector alone or TC.PTP remained transformed. These cells grew readily in soft agar, formed tumors in nude mice and were morphologically indistinguishable from the parental pB5 cells. In contrast, cells expressing delta C11.PTP showed dramatic changes in cell morphology, loss of anchorage-independent growth in soft agar and reduced or lack of tumor formation in nude mice. Both increases and decreases in tyrosine phosphorylation of specific proteins in the cells overexpressing the truncated enzyme were detected. These results indicate that coexpression of the deregulated, soluble tyrosine phosphatase with a constitutively active, oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase leads to the suppression of the transformed phenotype.
Parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease and the role for isolated intestine and intestine/liver transplantation† (2005)

Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) is the most devastating complication of long-term parenteral nutrition therapy. Because its progression is typically insidious and its long-term consequences are generally underappreciated, PNALD is often recognized too late, when liver injury is irreversible. When end-stage liver disease (ESLD) develops in these patients, most potential interventions are futile and transplantation of both an intestine and a liver becomes the only viable option, despite the relatively poor outcomes associated with this combined procedure. Although likely multifactorial in origin, the etiology of PNALD is poorly understood. Early clinical intervention with a combination of nutritional, medical, hormonal, and surgical therapies can be effective in preventing liver disease progression. If these interventions fail, intestinal transplantation should be performed expeditiously before development of ESLD mandates simultaneous inclusion of a liver graft as well.
Survey on acoustic vector sensor and its applications in signal processing (2014)

Acoustic vector sensor (AVS) was a newly developed device for signal capturing. Different to the conventional spatially displayed sensor array, a single AVS generally includes four sensors which are orthogonally co-located with each other. Equipped with one omni-directional sensor and three directional sensors, an AVS is able to localize source position and reduce the interruption from background noise and interference. Benefits from its small size and low weight, an AVS is more attractive for exploitation and commercialization on some portable devices than the conventional sensor array. This paper brings a brief survey on the recent research of AVS, including the hardware development and the algorithms on source localization, target tracking, and noise reduction. Then, a short discussion on challenges, future prospects, and potential applications of AVS is also given.
State of art of current and future technologies in current limiting devices (2015)

Fuses and Circuit Breakers play an important safety role in electrical distribution systems. New challenging applications, especially in DC applications, have brought conventional current limiting devices to their limits. Indeed, mechanical circuit breakers may be too slow to open for novel DC networks with large DC fault current. As well, fuses may be too slow to open for new DC networks with very low DC fault current. For AC applications, the natural zero crossing will help clear fault current. In DC applications, the no natural crossing is challenging fault clearing by conventional current limiting technologies. This paper presents the latest development in current limiting devices as well as new solutions using hybrid and/or full static current limiting devices. This will apply to PV generation, energy storage, DC grid.
0.7-NA DUV step-and-scan system for 150-nm imaging with improved overlay (1999)

To extend KrF lithography below the 180nm SIA design rule node in manufacturing, an advanced DUV step and scan system utilizing a lens with an NA up to 0.7 will be required to provide sufficient process latitude. Towards the SIA's 150nm design rule node, manufacturing challenges for 248nm lithography include contact hole printing, iso-dense bias control and adequate across the field CD uniformity. All will benefit from higher NA lenses. In the paper, result obtained on a PAS 5500/700B DUV Step and Scan system are presented. The system design is based on the PAS 5500/500 with a new 0.7NA Starlith lens, AERIAL II illuminator and ATHENA advanced alignment system. Imaging of dense and isolated lines at 180nm, 150nm and below as well as 180nm and 160nm contact holes is shown. In addition to imaging performance, image plane deviation, system distortion fingerprints, single-machine overlay and multiple-machine matching results are shown. Using the ATHENA alignment system, alignment reproducibility as well as overlay result on CMP wafers will be shown. It is concluded that this exposure tool is capable of delivering imaging and overlay performance required for mass production at the 150nm design rule node, with potential for R and D applications beyond.
Multifocal photoacoustic microscopy through an ergodic relay (Conference Presentation) (2019)

To date, most optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) systems rely on mechanical scanning with confocally aligned optical excitation and ultrasonic detection. As a result, the imaging speed of these systems is limited by the scanning speed. Although several multifocal OR-PA computed tomography (MFOR-PACT) systems had been developed to address this limitation, they were hindered by the complex design in a constrained physical space. Here, we present a two-dimensional (2D) MFOR-PAM system based on a 2D microlens array and an acoustic ergodic relay. This system is able to detect PA signals generated from 400 optical foci in parallel with a single-element transducer, and then raster scan the optical foci patterns to form an image. This system has improved the imaging resolution of a conventional photoacoustic ergodic relay system from 220 μm to 13 μm. Moreover, this system has reduced the imaging time of a conventional OR-PAM system at the same resolution and laser repetition rate by 400 times. We demonstrated the ability of the system with both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
OKT8 antibody inhibits OKT3-induced IL 2 production and proliferation in OKT8+ cells. (1983)

We studied IL 2 production and proliferation induced by OKT3 mitogenic monoclonal antibody in the OKT8+ T cell subset. OKT3 antibody induced IL 2 production and proliferation in OKT8+ cells in a typical time-dependent manner: maximal IL 2 levels were found in 24 hr culture supernatants; maximal proliferation was found on day 3. OKT3 antibody was mitogenic over a wide range of concentrations (0.125 to 500 ng/ml). The presence of OKT8 antibody (greater than or equal to 100 ng/ml) in these cultures resulted in almost complete inhibition of IL 2 production and proliferation. Kinetic studies demonstrate that OKT8 antibody suppresses both IL 2 production and response to exogenous IL 2 in OKT8+ cells when added within the first 2 hr of culture. After 14 to 20 hr of culture, addition of OKT8 only blocks IL 2 production but not the IL 2 response of activated OKT8+ cells. The specificity of inhibition by OKT8 antibody of OKT3 mitogenicity on OKT8+ cells was confirmed by the failure of Leu-I and OKT4 antibody to produce the same effect and by the lack of inhibition by OKT8 antibody of OKT3-induced IL 2 production and proliferation in OKT4+ cells.
High-risk prematurity--progestin treatment and steroid studies. (1979)

Studies have been undertaken regarding the efficacy and modus operandi of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17 alpha-OHP-C) in preventing premature labor in high-risk patients. In a total of 70 patients, the treated patient population had a prematurity rate (12.8%) and a perinatal mortality rate (5%) which were significantly lower than those of the total placebo or untreated patient group (40.9 and 25%, respectively). In addition, sequential plasma steroid values were determined in 21 patients, 10 of whom delivered prematurely. The results indicate that low plasma progesterone (P) and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-OHP) levels precede the onset of preterm labor by weeks. Successful treatment with 17 alpha-OHP-C was characterized by elevated P levels. Plasma estradiol (E2) and cortisol (C) values did not vary with time of delivery or treatment. These findings support the progesterone block theory as an important mechanism affecting preterm delivery in this high-risk population.
In vitro near-infrared imaging of occlusal dental caries using a germanium-enhanced CMOS camera (2010)

The high transparency of dental enamel in the near-infrared (NIR) at 1310-nm can be exploited for imaging dental caries without the use of ionizing radiation. The objective of this study was to determine whether the lesion contrast derived from NIR transillumination can be used to estimate lesion severity. Another aim was to compare the performance of a new Ge enhanced complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) based NIR imaging camera with the InGaAs focal plane array (FPA). Extracted human teeth (n=52) with natural occlusal caries were imaged with both cameras at 1310-nm and the image contrast between sound and carious regions was calculated. After NIR imaging, teeth were sectioned and examined using more established methods, namely polarized light microscopy (PLM) and transverse microradiography (TMR) to calculate lesion severity. Lesions were then classified into 4 categories according to the lesion severity. Lesion contrast increased significantly with lesion severity for both cameras (p<0.05). The Ge enhanced CMOS camera equipped with the larger array and smaller pixels yielded higher contrast values compared with the smaller InGaAs FPA (p<0.01). Results demonstrate that NIR lesion contrast can be used to estimate lesion severity.
Adaptation of Islets of Langerhans to Pregnancy: β-Cell Growth, Enhanced Insulin Secretion and the Role of Lactogenic Hormones (1997)

Pregnancy is a unique event in the life span of islet beta-cells. Under the influence of pregnancy islet beta-cells undergo major long term up-regulatory structural and functional changes in response to the increased demand for insulin. Adaptive changes that occur in islets during normal pregnancy include: 1) increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion with a lowered threshold for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, 2) increased insulin synthesis, 3) increased beta-cell proliferation and islet volume, 4) increased gap-junctional coupling among beta-cells, 5) increased glucose metabolism, and 6) increased c-AMP metabolism. Of the islet changes that occur during pregnancy the increase in beta-cell division and enhanced glucose sensitivity of insulin secretion are most notable. The increase in beta-cell division leads to an increase in islet mass that contributes to the ability of islets to respond to the increased need for insulin. However, the increased glucose sensitivity of beta-cells is likely to be more important. The lowering of the threshold for glucose stimulated insulin secretion is the primary mechanism by which beta-cells can release significantly more insulin under normal blood glucose concentrations. Although the hormonal changes which occur during pregnancy are complex, it appears that lactogenic influences (either placental lactogen and/or prolactin) are sufficient to induce all of the up-regulatory changes that occur in islets during pregnancy. We have demonstrated that rat placental lactogens I and II are the hormones responsible for up-regulating islets during rodent pregnancy. Although most studies have been done using rodent islets, available evidence strongly suggests that human placental lactogen and/or human prolactin are the responsible lactogens for up-regulating islets during human pregnancy. A model for how lactogens up-regulate islets during pregnancy is proposed.
Purification and Characterization of Two Enantioselective α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases, RdpA and SdpA, fromSphingomonas herbicidovoransMH (2006)

Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent (R)-dichlorprop dioxygenase (RdpA) and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent (S)-dichlorprop dioxygenase (SdpA), which are involved in the degradation of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH, were expressed and purified as His6-tagged fusion proteins from Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)(pLysS). RdpA and SdpA belong to subgroup II of the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and share the specific motif HXDX(24)TX(131)HX(10)R. Amino acids His-111, Asp-113, and His-270 and amino acids His-102, Asp-104, and His 257 comprise the 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triads and were predicted to be involved in iron binding in RdpA and SdpA, respectively. RdpA exclusively transformed the (R) enantiomers of mecoprop [2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid] and dichlorprop [2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid], whereas SdpA was specific for the (S) enantiomers. The apparent Km values were 99 microM for (R)-mecoprop, 164 microM for (R)-dichlorprop, and 3 microM for alpha-ketoglutarate for RdpA and 132 microM for (S)-mecoprop, 495 microM for (S)-dichlorprop, and 20 microM for alpha-ketoglutarate for SdpA. Both enzymes had high apparent Km values for oxygen; these values were 159 microM for SdpA and >230 microM for RdpA, whose activity was linearly dependent on oxygen at the concentration range measured. Both enzymes had narrow cosubstrate specificity; only 2-oxoadipate was able to replace alpha-ketoglutarate, and the rates were substantially diminished. Ferrous iron was necessary for activity of the enzymes, and other divalent cations could not replace it. Although the results of growth experiments suggest that strain MH harbors a specific 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-converting enzyme, tfdA-, tfdAalpha-, or cadAB-like genes were not discovered in a screening analysis in which heterologous hybridization and PCR were used.
Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Chemical Models for Bio-oil (2008)

Bio-oil (product liquids from fast pyrolysis of biomass) is a complex mixture of oxygenates derived from the thermal breakdown of the biopolymers in biomass. In the case of lignocellulosic biomass, the structures of three major components, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, are well-represented by the bio-oil components. To study the chemical mechanisms of catalytic hydroprocessing of bio-oil, three model compounds were chosen to represent those components. Guaiacol represents the large number of mono- and dimethoxy phenols found in bio-oil derived from soft- or hardwood, respectively. Furfural represents a major pyrolysis product group from cellulosics. Acetic acid is a major product from biomass pyrolysis, derived from the hemicellulose, which has important impacts on the further processing of the bio-oil because of its acidic character. These three compounds were processed using a palladium or ruthenium catalyst over a temperature range from 150 to 300 °C. The batch reactor was sampled during each test over a period of 4 h. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with both a mass selective detector and a flame ionization detector. The products were determined, and the reaction pathways for their formation are suggested on the basis of these results. Both temperature and catalyst metal have significant effects on the product composition.
Controllable Underwater Oil‐Adhesion‐Interface Films Assembled from Nonspherical Particles (2011)

Abstract A controllable underwater oil‐adhesion‐interface is presented based on colloidal crystals assembled from nonspherical latex particles. The underwater oil‐adhesive force of the as‐prepared film can be effectively controlled from high to low adhesion by varying the latex structures from spherical or cauliflower‐like to single cavity, which effectively adjusts the solid/liquid contact mode/wetting state of oil droplets on the films. This facile fabrication of functional films with special underwater oil‐adhesion properties based on a flexible design of a latex structure will offer significant insight for the design and creation of novel underwater antifouling materials.
A Learning-Based Data Placement Framework for Low Latency in Data Center Networks (2019)

Low-latency data service is an increasingly critical challenge for data center applications. In modern distributed storage systems, proper data placement helps reduce the data movement delay, which can contribute to the service latency reduction tremendously. Existing data placement solutions have often assumed the prior distribution of data requests or discovered it via trace analysis. However, data placement is a difficult online decision-making problem faced with dynamic network conditions and time-varying user request patterns. The conventional static model-based solutions are less effective to handle the dynamic system. With an overall consideration of data movement and analytical latency, we develop a reinforcement learning-based framework DataBot+, automatically learning the optimal placement policies. DataBot+ adopts neural networks, trained with a variant of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$</tex-math></inline-formula> -learning, whose input is the real-time data flow measurements and whose output is a value function estimating the near-future latency. For instantaneous decision making, DataBot+ is decoupled into two asynchronous production and training components, ensuring that the training delay will not introduce extra overheads to handle the data flows. Evaluation results driven by real-world traces demonstrate the effectiveness of our design.
Haplotype analysis of the RAGE gene: identification of a haplotype marker for diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (2005)

The RAGE(2) haplotype is associated with DN in type 2 diabetics and with earlier DN onset and, thus, can be regarded a marker for DN.
Double-blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock. NORASEPT II Study Group. (1998)

We did not find an improvement in survival after septic shock with TNF alpha MAb. Therapy not solely dependent on TNF alpha blockade may be required to improve survival.