gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Pt-on-Pd Bimetallic Nanodendrites Supported on Graphene Nanosheet: Facile Synthesis and Used as an Advanced Nanoelectrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation (2009)

Graphene nanosheet, the hottest material in physics and materials science, has been studied extensively because of its unique electronic, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties arising from its strictly 2D structure and because of its potential technical applications. Particularly, these remarkable characteristics enable it to be a promising candidate as a new 2D support to load metal nanoparticles (NPs) for application in fuel cells. However, constructing high-quality graphene/bimetallic NP hybrids with high electrochemical surface area (ECSA) remains a great challenge to date. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time a wet-chemical approach for the synthesis of high-quality three-dimensional (3D) Pt-on-Pd bimetallic nanodendrites supported on graphene nanosheets (TP-BNGN), which represents a new type of graphene/metal heterostructure. The resulting hybrids were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical technique. It is found that small single-crystal Pt nanobranches supported on Pd NCs with porous structure and good dispersion were directly grown onto the surface of graphene nanosheets, which exhibits high electrochemical active area. Furthermore, the number of nanobranches for Pt-on-Pd bimetallic nanodendrites on the surface of graphene nanosheets could be easily controlled via simply changing the synthetic parameters, thus resulting in the tunable catalytic properties. Most importantly, the electrochemical data indicate that the as-prepared graphene/bimetallic nanodendrite hybrids exhibited much higher electrocatalytic activity toward methanol oxidation reaction than the platinum black (PB) and commercial E-TEK Pt/C catalysts.
Recognition of operator motions for real-time assistance using virtual fixtures (2003)

Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are used for automatic segmentation and recognition of user motions. A new algorithm for real-time HMM recognition was developed. The segmentation results are used to provide appropriate assistance in a combined curve following and object avoidance task. This assistance takes the form of a virtual fixture, whose compliance can be altered online. Recognition and assistance experiments were performed using force and position data recorded from a cooperative manipulation system, where a robot and a human operator hold an instrument simultaneously. Recognition accuracy exceeds 90%, even when the users training the HMMs differ from those executing the task. For a task consisting of both path following and avoidance motions, an HMM-based virtual fixture switches the compliance from low to high when the user is trying to move away from the path. The HMM method improves operator performance in comparison with a constant virtual fixture and no virtual fixture.
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Dose Comparative Study of Botulinum Toxin Type A for Treating Glabellar Lines in Japanese Subjects (2008)

Doses of BoNTA of 10 and 20 U are effective and safe for treating glabellar lines in Japanese subjects, and the 20-U dose provides greater efficacy and longer duration of effect.
Cu3(hexaiminotriphenylene)2: An Electrically Conductive 2D Metal–Organic Framework for Chemiresistive Sensing (2015)

The utility of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as functional materials in electronic devices has been limited to date by a lack of MOFs that display high electrical conductivity. Here, we report the synthesis of a new electrically conductive 2D MOF, Cu3(HITP)2 (HITP=2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene), which displays a bulk conductivity of 0.2 S cm(-1) (pellet, two-point-probe). Devices synthesized by simple drop casting of Cu3(HITP)2 dispersions function as reversible chemiresistive sensors, capable of detecting sub-ppm levels of ammonia vapor. Comparison with the isostructural 2D MOF Ni3(HITP)2 shows that the copper sites are critical for ammonia sensing, indicating that rational design/synthesis can be used to tune the functional properties of conductive MOFs.
Survey over image thresholding techniques and quantitative performance evaluation (2004)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Global analysis of the Bacillus subtilis Fur regulon and the iron starvation stimulon (2002)

The Bacillus subtilis ferric uptake repressor (Fur) protein coordinates a global transcriptional response to iron starvation. We have used DNA microarrays to define the Fur regulon and the iron starvation stimulon. We identify 20 operons (containing 39 genes) that are derepressed both by mutation of fur and by treatment of cells with the iron chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl. These operons are direct targets of Fur regulation as judged by DNase I footprinting. Analyses of lacZ reporter fusions to six Fur-regulated promoter regions reveal that repression is highly selective for iron. In addition to the Fur regulon, iron starvation induces members of the PerR regulon and leads to reduced expression of cytochromes. However, we did not find any evidence for genes that are directly activated by Fur or repressed by Fur under iron-limiting conditions. Although genome searches using the 19 bp Fur box consensus are useful in identifying candidate Fur-regulated genes, some genes associated with Fur boxes are not demonstrably regulated by Fur, whereas other genes are regulated from sites with little apparent similarity to the conventional Fur consensus.
Osteoclasts express high levels of p60c‐src, preferentially on ruffled border membranes (1992)

Expression of p60c-src, the normal cellular counterpart of the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), p60v-src, was examined in mouse and rat authentic osteoclasts and mouse osteoclast-like multinucleated cells (MNCs) formed in vitro. In co-cultures of mouse osteoblastic cells and spleen cells, the expression of p60c-src strikingly increased on day 5 in parallel with the appearance of MNCs in the presence of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha,25(OH)2D3). Immunohistochemical examination confirmed the high level expression of p60c-src in both mouse authentic osteoclasts and MNCs. Electron microscopic examination revealed that p60c-src was primarily localized on ruffled border membranes and vacuoles, but not on the clear zone in rat authentic osteoclasts. These results suggest that p60c-src is important in osteoclastic bone resorption.
Encoding Cortical Surface by Spherical Harmonics (2008)

Abstract: There is a lack of unified statistical modeling framework for cerebral shape asymmetry analysis in literature. Most previous approaches start with flip-ping the 3D magnetic resonance images (MRI). The anatomical correspondence across the hemispheres is then established by registering the original image to the flipped image. A difference of an anatomical index between these two images is used as a measure of cerebral asymmetry. We present a radically different asymmetry analysis that utilizes a novel weighted spherical harmonic representation of cortical surfaces. The weighted spherical harmonic representation is a surface smoothing technique given explicitly as a weighted linear combination of spherical harmon-ics. This new representation is used to parameterize cortical surfaces, establish the hemispheric correspondence, and normalize cortical surfaces in a unified mathemat-ical framework. The methodology has been applied in characterizing the cortical asymmetry of a group of autistic subjects.
Show, Observe and Tell: Attribute-driven Attention Model for Image Captioning (2018)

Despite the fact that attribute-based approaches and attention-based approaches have been proven to be effective in image captioning, most attribute-based approaches simply predict attributes independently without taking the co-occurrence dependencies among attributes into account. Besides, most attention-based captioning models directly leverage the feature map extracted from CNN, in which many features may be redundant in relation to the image content. In this paper, we focus on training a good attribute-inference model via the recurrent neural network (RNN) for image captioning, where the co-occurrence dependencies among attributes can be maintained. The uniqueness of our inference model lies in the usage of a RNN with the visual attention mechanism to \textit{observe} the image before generating captions. Additionally, it is noticed that compact and attribute-driven features will be more useful for the attention-based captioning model. To this end, we extract the context feature for each attribute, and guide the captioning model adaptively attend to these context features. We verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach over the other captioning approaches by conducting massive experiments and comparisons on MS COCO image captioning dataset.
Effect of AlN nucleation layer growth conditions on buffer leakage in AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) (2005)

The effect of the AlN nucleation layer growth conditions on buffer leakage in unintentionally doped AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors was investigated. The samples were grown by rf-plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy on 4H–SiC (0001). Drain-source leakage currents were found to be markedly different for samples grown with different Al∕N flux ratios during the AlN nucleation layer. Growth of N-rich nucleation layers (Al∕N&amp;lt;1) resulted in a significant reduction in buffer leakage. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy results showed that Si incorporation into Al-rich AlN layers (Al∕N&amp;gt;1) grown on SiC was as high as ∼1–2×1018atoms∕cm3. In contrast, Si incorporation into N-rich AlN layers was two orders of magnitude lower, ∼2×1016atoms∕cm3. Initial devices grown on low-leakage material realized via N-rich nucleation yielded output power densities at 4GHz of 4.8W∕mm with a power added efficiency (PAE) of 62% at a drain bias of 30V, and 8.1W∕mm with a PAE of 38% at a drain bias of 50V.
Identification of a protein, SPY75, with repetitive helix-turn-helix motifs and an SH3 domain as a major substrate for protein tyrosine kinase(s) activated by Fc epsilon RI cross-linking. (1994)

Cross-linking of the high affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RI) initiates various biochemical and morphologic changes leading to degranulation and synthesis and release of cytokines and lipid mediators. Tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins was previously reported as the earliest signaling event for the Fc epsilon RI signal transduction pathway. By amino acid sequence determination and cDNA cloning analysis, a 75-kDa protein, termed SPY75, was identified as a major tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in activated mouse mast cells. SPY75, barely tyrosine phosphorylated in resting cells, was rapidly and transiently tyrosine phosphorylated on Fc epsilon RI cross-linking in an Ag concentration-dependent manner. Similar SPY75 tyrosine phosphorylation was observed when Ag receptors on B and T lymphocytes were cross-linked by appropriate antibodies. However, IL-3, granulocyte macrophage-CSF, or stem cell factor did not induce tyrosine phosphorylation of SPY75 in PT-18 mast cells, despite their responsiveness to these cytokines. SPY75 was not physically associated with the receptor or other known signaling molecules. This protein, the mouse homologue of the human HS1 gene product, has putative repetitive helix-turn-helix motifs found in many DNA-binding proteins and a putative nuclear transport signal. It also has a Src homology 3 domain, which is found in many signaling molecules and cytoskeletal proteins. These structural features and the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation on Fc epsilon RI cross-linking suggest that the signal generated by Fc epsilon RI cross-linking is transmitted through tyrosine phosphorylation of SPY75.
Tissue‐specific expression of ALA synthase‐1 and heme oxygenase‐1 and their expression in livers of rats chronically exposed to ethanol (2008)

5-Aminolevulinic acid synthase-1 (ALAS1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are the rate-controlling enzymes for heme biosynthesis and degradation, respectively. Expression of these two genes showed tissue-specific expression pattern at both mRNA and protein levels in selected non-treated rat tissues. In the livers of rats receiving oral ethanol for 10 weeks, ALAS1 mRNA levels were increased by 65%, and the precursor and mature ALAS1 protein levels were increased by 1.8- and 2.3-fold, respectively, while no changes were observed in HO-1 mRNA and protein levels, compared with pair-fed controls. These results provide novel insights into the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on hepatic heme biosynthesis and porphyrias.
Integrin α1β1-Mediated Activation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Activity Is Involved in Neurite Outgrowth and Human Neurofilament Protein H Lys-Ser-Pro Tail Domain Phosphorylation (2000)

Cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix is mediated by a diverse class of alpha/beta heterodimeric receptors known as integrins, which transduce signals to activate multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways within the cells. The signaling pathway linking integrins to mediate neuronal process outgrowth is not well understood. Here, we have provided evidence that intracellular signaling by the alpha(1)beta(1) integrin-induced activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) is involved in neurite outgrowth and human neurofilament protein H (hNF-H) Lys-Ser-Pro (KSP) tail domain phosphorylation in differentiated human SH-SY5Y cells. The integrin alpha(1) and beta(1) monoclonal antibodies and BL-1, a specific cdk5 inhibitor, inhibited these effects. We also demonstrated that cdk5 activity and hNF-H KSP tail domain phosphorylation were increased in cdk5/p35 and hNF-H tail domain co-transfected HEK293 cells grown on laminin. This increased hNF-H tail domain phosphorylation was triggered by cdk5 activation. Taken together, these results indicated that cdk5 may play an important role in promoting neurite outgrowth and hNF-H tail KSP domain phosphorylation through the integrin alpha(1)beta(1) signaling pathway.
Molecular comparisons of the β2-microglobulin-binding site in class I major-histocompatibility-complex α-chains and proteins of related sequences (1991)

beta 2-Microglobulin (beta 2m) binds non-covalently to the alpha 1, alpha 2 and alpha 3 domains of the alpha-chain of Class I major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) molecules. On the basis of the crystal structures of human leucocyte antigens HLA-A2.1 and HLA-Aw68.1, we have used molecular-graphics analyses to define 44 contact points between 19 alpha-chain residues and 18 beta 2m residues. In 88 other alpha-chain sequences from the HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-D, HLA-E, HLA-F and HLA-G locus products in man and the H-2, Qa and Tla loci in mouse, 37 contact sites were conserved to 90% or more, and in beta 2m sequences from seven other species 40% of contact sites were totally conserved. Four distinct regions form the contact points between the alpha-chain and beta 2m, one on each of the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains and two on the alpha 3 domain. We have further studied the alpha-chain sequences of three non-MHC molecules, human CD1 and rat Fc receptor (FcRn), known to bind to beta 2m, and a third molecule, the putative product of the H301 (UL18) gene of human cytomegalovirus (CMV). CMV has been shown to bind beta 2m, and it has been postulated that the H301-gene product, which has sequence similarity to Class I HLA, is the protein responsible. These sequences exhibited much lower residue conservation with the MHC-linked group, although the alpha 3 domain was the most highly conserved, and gaps and insertions were required for optimal alignments with the 90 alpha-chain sequences. Of the 44 beta 2m-alpha-chain contacts defined for Class I HLA, 24 alpha-chain contact sites were conserved in CD1, 25 in FcRn and 17 in the H301-gene product. For CD1 and FcRn, the majority of the conserved beta 2m contacts were found in the alpha 2 domain and the major contact region in the alpha 3 domain. Together with the use of secondary-structure predictions, it was concluded that the binding of beta 2m in CD1 and FcRn was MHC-like at the alpha 3 domain, and probably also at the alpha 2 domain for FcRn, but non-MHC-like for the alpha 1 domain of both molecules and the alpha 2 domain of CD1. In the H301-gene product sequence, only the beta 2m contacts with the main region of the alpha 3 domain were noticeably conserved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Biochemical and genetic characterization of enterocin A from Enterococcus faecium, a new antilisterial bacteriocin in the pediocin family of bacteriocins (1996)

A new bacteriocin has been isolated from an Enterococcus faecium strain. The bacteriocin, termed enterocin A, was purified to homogeneity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and mass spectrometry analysis. By combining the data obtained from amino acid and DNA sequencing, the primary structure of enterocin A was determined. It consists of 47 amino acid residues, and the molecular weight was calculated to be 4,829, assuming that the four cysteine residues form intramolecular disulfide bridges. This molecular weight was confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. The amino acid sequence of enterocin A shared significant homology with a group of bacteriocins (now termed pediocin-like bacteriocins) isolated from a variety of lactic acid-producing bacteria, which include members of the genera Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Carnobacterium. Sequencing of the structural gene of enterocin A, which is located on the bacterial chromosome, revealed an N-terminal leader sequence of 18 amino acid residues, which was removed during the maturation process. The enterocin A leader belongs to the double-glycine leaders which are found among most other small nonlantibiotic bacteriocins, some lantibiotics, and colicin V. Downstream of the enterocin A gene was located a second open reading frame, encoding a putative protein of 103 amino acid residues. This gene may encode the immunity factor of enterocin A, and it shares 40% identity with a similar open reading frame in the operon of leucocin AUL 187, another pediocin-like bacteriocin.
더 나은 설교자가 되기 위한 열 가지 제안 (2013)

필자의 경험에 의하면 설교자가 진일보할 수 있는 확실한 방법이 있다. 자신의 경험을 신학적으로 성찰하여 영성적·사목적 삶을 부요하게 만들어 나가는 설교자만이 성경을 해석하는 역량을 끊임없이 키워갈 수 있다는 것이 나의 굳은 신념이다. 우리가 신학적 성찰을 습관으로 길러 -하루에 한번 또는 일주일에 한 번- 적용해 나간다면, 우리는 더 나은 설교자로 거듭나게 되는 것이다. 필자의 경험상 생각을 풍성하게 하고 주일 강론을 하는데에 도움이 되는 좋은 강론의 다섯 가지 특성이 있다. 물론 모든 강론에 ‘PLICA’의 다섯 가지 특성이 모두 포함될 수는 없다. 강론들마다 각기 다른 특성들이 강조된다. 그럼에도 다섯 가지 ‘PLICA’ 특성은 우리가 강론을 준비하는 데에 도움이 된다.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Multivalent Group A Streptococcal Vaccine in Healthy Adults (2004)

These results provide the first evidence in humans that a hybrid fusion protein is a feasible strategy for evoking type-specific opsonic antibodies against multiple serotypes of group A streptococcus without eliciting antibodies that cross-react with host tissues, which represents a critical step in the development of a vaccine.
C/EBPδ targets cyclin D1 for proteasome-mediated degradation via induction of CDC27/APC3 expression (2010)

The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (C/EBPdelta, CEBPD, NFIL-6beta) has tumor suppressor function; however, the molecular mechanism(s) by which C/EBPdelta exerts its effect are largely unknown. Here, we report that C/EBPdelta induces expression of the Cdc27 (APC3) subunit of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which results in the polyubiquitination and degradation of the prooncogenic cell cycle regulator cyclin D1, and also down-regulates cyclin B1, Skp2, and Plk-1. In C/EBPdelta knockout mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) Cdc27 levels were reduced, whereas cyclin D1 levels were increased even in the presence of activated GSK-3beta. Silencing of C/EBPdelta, Cdc27, or the APC/C coactivator Cdh1 (FZR1) in MCF-10A breast epithelial cells increased cyclin D1 protein expression. Like C/EBPdelta, and in contrast to cyclin D1, Cdc27 was down-regulated in several breast cancer cell lines, suggesting that Cdc27 itself may be a tumor suppressor. Cyclin D1 is a known substrate of polyubiquitination complex SKP1/CUL1/F-box (SCF), and our studies show that Cdc27 directs cyclin D1 to alternative degradation by APC/C. These findings shed light on the role and regulation of APC/C, which is critical for most cellular processes.
Expression and Role of PAICS, a De Novo Purine Biosynthetic Gene in Prostate Cancer (2016)

Here, we report that evaluation of PAICS in prostate cancer progression and its role in prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion and suggest it as a valid therapeutic target. We suggest JQ1, a BET-domain inhibitor, as possible therapeutic option in targeting PAICS in prostate cancer. Prostate 77:10-21, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of the effects of bax‐expression in yeast under fermentative and respiratory conditions: investigation of the role of adenine nucleotides carrier and cytochrome c (1999)

A new system for bax-expression in yeast has been devised to investigate bax's effect under fermentative and respiro-fermentative conditions. This has allowed us to show unambiguously that the ability of bax to kill yeast is higher under respiratory conditions than under purely fermentative conditions. The extent of killing under respiro-fermentative conditions (non-repressive sugars) is intermediate. It has been proposed that the two proteins adenine nucleotides carrier (ANC) and cytochrome c play a crucial role in bax-induced cell death. We have investigated the effects of deletion of the genes encoding the two proteins on the toxicity induced by bax, using this new system. The absence of ANC did not modify bax-induced lethality in any way. Moreover, the absence of cytochrome c also did not prevent bax-induced death. Only the kinetics of lethality were altered. All these effects are prevented by co-expression of bcl-xL.
Dicer-dependent endothelial microRNAs are necessary for postnatal angiogenesis (2008)

Posttranscriptional gene regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) is important for many aspects of development, homeostasis, and disease. Here, we show that reduction of endothelial miRNAs by cell-specific inactivation of Dicer, the terminal endonuclease responsible for the generation of miRNAs, reduces postnatal angiogenic response to a variety of stimuli, including exogenous VEGF, tumors, limb ischemia, and wound healing. Furthermore, VEGF regulated the expression of several miRNAs, including the up-regulation of components of the c-Myc oncogenic cluster miR-17-92. Transfection of endothelial cells with components of the miR-17-92 cluster, induced by VEGF treatment, rescued the induced expression of thrombospondin-1 and the defect in endothelial cell proliferation and morphogenesis initiated by the loss of Dicer. Thus, endothelial miRNAs regulate postnatal angiogenesis and VEGF induces the expression of miRNAs implicated in the regulation of an integrated angiogenic response.