gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phthalide Lactones fromLigusticum chuanxiongInhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Induced TNF-α Production and TNF-α-Mediated NF-κB Activation (2005)

The dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herb for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of phthalide lactones from Ligusticum chuanxiong in the therapeutic actions is not yet fully understood. In the present study, two phthalide lactones from the herb, Z-ligustilide and senkyunolide A, were identified and characterized as inhibitors of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha production in monocytes. The results of gene expression studies showed that the observed TNF-alpha suppression was related to their inhibitory activity on TNF-alpha mRNA transcription. Furthermore, the two phthalides exhibited significant suppressive effects on TNF-alpha-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in reporter gene assays. Taken together, the results suggest that Z-ligustilide and senkyunolide A may have potential applications in the treatment of inflammation and related diseases based on their inhibitory activity on TNF-alpha production and TNF-alpha bioactivity. New insights into the therapeutic basis of the TCM herb, Ligusticum chuanxiong, are presented.
Detection of endotoxin on sterile catheters used for cardiac catheterization (1980)

Pyrogen reactions during cardiac catheterization are an alarming complication that frightens patients and baffles many physicans. This report describes a simple, reproducible, precise technique for the measurement of endotoxin-like activity on the inner and outer surfaces of catheters intended for intravascular insertion. This technique is useful in documenting the cause of patient reactions. Quality control procedures should be instituted following the manufacture of angiographic catheters so that pyrogen-free products are availabe for patient use. Catheters processed in a hospital are easily contaminated with fever-producing lipopolysaccharides from tap water or from bacterial growth in residual moisture. Sterilization by steam or ethylene oxide does not destroy these lipopolysaccharides. Consequently, reprocessing reusable catheters must include concern for removing lipopolysaccharides as well as sterilization.
Molecular cloning, sequence, structural analysis and expression of the histidyl-tRNA synthetase gene fromStreptococcus equisimilis (1993)

The histidyl-tRNA synthetase gene (hisS) from Streptococcus equisimilis was cloned and sequenced. The gene for this aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase has an open reading frame of 1278 nucleotides. The deduced amino acid sequence encodes a protein of 426 amino acids with MW = 47,932. The protein is predicted to be soluble with a pl = 5.27. The protein sequence has extensive overall identity/similarity with the Escherichia coli and the yeast histidyl-tRNA synthetases (approximately 58% and approximately 20%, respectively). A putative promoter for gene transcription lies within two hundred nucleotides of the polypeptide start codon. The enzyme was overexpressed, to a level of about 18% of total cellular protein, as a fusion protein (containing an additional 15 amino acids) in E. coli using the pT7 expression system containing the T7 RNA polymerase/promoter (Tabor and Richardson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82:1074-1078, 1985). The predicted MW for the hisS gene product is in good agreement with the size of the fusion protein determined by SDS-PAGE (M(r) = 53,700). Amino acid sequencing of the intact fusion protein and proteolytic fragments confirmed the deduced sequence of the synthetase at many positions throughout the protein. The expressed protein catalyzed the specific aminoacylation of tRNA(His) in vitro.
Telomerase activity in central nervous system malignant lymphoma (1999)

Telomerase activity and the expression of hTERT may be novel prognostic factors in patients with PCNSL.
Syntheses of 16.BETA.-oxygenated catechol estrogen methyl ethers, new and potential metabolites. (1975)

In order to characterize the biliary metabolites formed from estriol the isomeric monomethyl ethers of 2, 16β-dihydroxy-estrone (IIIa, IIIb) and -estradiol (IVb, IVd) have been synthesized as the reference compounds.
Vaccine-Induced, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Reduce Virus Replication but Do Not Protect from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Disease Progression (2009)

Our limited understanding of the interaction between primate lentiviruses and the host immune system complicates the design of an effective HIV/AIDS vaccine. To identify immunological correlates of protection from SIV disease progression, we immunized two groups of five rhesus macaques (RMs) with either modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) or MVADeltaudg vectors that expressed SIVmac239 Gag and Tat. Both vectors raised a SIV-specific CD8(+) T cell response, with a magnitude that was greater in mucosal tissues than in peripheral blood. After challenge with SIVmac239, all vaccinated RMs showed mucosal and systemic CD8(+) T cell recall responses that appeared faster and were of greater magnitude than those in five unvaccinated control animals. All vaccinated RMs showed a approximately 1-log lower peak and early set-point SIV viral load than the unvaccinated animals, and then, by 8 wk postchallenge, exhibited levels of viremia similar to the controls. We observed a significant direct correlation between the magnitude of postchallenge SIV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses and SIV viral load. However, vaccinated RMs showed no protection from either systemic or mucosal CD4(+) T cell depletion and no improved survival. The observation that vaccine-induced, SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells that partially control SIVmac239 virus replication fail to protect from immunological or clinical progression of SIV infection underscores both the complexity of AIDS pathogenesis and the challenges of properly assessing the efficacy of candidate AIDS vaccines.
Teaching Computer Security (1993)

This paper describes three courses in computer security, and offers come comments about their appropriateness, their advantages and their disadvantages. 1. INTRODUCTION Interest in computer security has grown in the past few years [14], and nowhere is this more evident than in colleges and universities. Perhaps a rising awareness of potential threats encourages students to explore this area; perhaps the desire of businesses and industry in general to improve the security of their systems leads students to hope their studies will help them get jobs; or perhaps students enjoy the game of defeating security mechanisms and then improving them to keep others out. In any case, computer security has become a &amp;quot;hot&amp;quot; topic. While security is discussed in some classes (such as operating systems courses), it has so many facets that only a course devoted to computer security can examine the basic underlying principles in detail. For example, the notion of &amp;quot;auditing&amp;quot; involves both operating system ...
Temperature Dependence of Electric Field Noise above Gold Surfaces (2008)

Electric field noise from fluctuating patch potentials is a significant problem for a broad range of precision experiments, including trapped ion quantum computation and single spin detection. Recent results demonstrated strong suppression of this noise by cryogenic cooling, suggesting an underlying thermal process. We present measurements characterizing the temperature and frequency dependence of the noise from 7 to 100 K, using a single Sr+ ion trapped 75 mum above the surface of a gold plated surface electrode ion trap. The noise amplitude is observed to have an approximate 1/f spectrum around 1 MHz, and grows rapidly with temperature as T;{beta} for beta from 2 to 4. The data are consistent with microfabricated cantilever measurements of noncontact friction but do not extrapolate to the dc measurements with neutral atoms or contact potential probes.
Forbidden-region virtual fixtures from streaming point clouds: Remotely touching and protecting a beating heart (2012)

Several established methods for remote touching using non-contact sensors exist. Applications for these methods are primarily within the field of robotic teleoperation. In surgical robotics it would be useful to not only touch, but also be able to maintain a distance from a certain organ. The latter can be done using non-contact sensors such as cameras. The novelty in this paper is the idea of combining forbidden-region virtual fixtures with haptic rendering from streaming point clouds. This is then used to protect as well as remotely touch a beating heart without any a priori knowledge of the heart geometry (such as from CT/MR scans).
Caring to Know or Knowing to Care? The Relationship between Knowledge Creation and Caring in the Theological Education of Christian Social Work Professionals (2015)

The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between knowledge creation and caring in the education of one of the Scandinavian churches' care professions: deacons. Care professionals are knowledge workers in the sense that their knowledge and skills influence quality of care. They not only need to have a certain knowledge base, but they also need to handle knowledge development in the context of complex practice. This means that learning how to create knowledge with participants and professionals is necessary to professional caring education. Further, knowledge creation depends on the provision of care in these contexts. Therefore, 1) knowledge creation is important in providing quality care, and 2) care itself may speed up the knowledge creation processes. In this article, we investigate how the relationship between care and knowledge creation is understood in key educational texts, namely education, curriculum documents. Findings indicate that care is understood as the purpose of the education, but less as a condition for the creation of knowledge. Also, the curricula prepare students for knowledge creation and care with participants, but not with other professionals.
Deoxynucleic Guanidines/PNA (DNG/PNA) Chimeras:  Oligonucleoside Analogue Containing Cationic Guanidinium and Neutral Amide Linkages (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDeoxynucleic Guanidines/PNA (DNG/PNA) Chimeras: Oligonucleoside Analogue Containing Cationic Guanidinium and Neutral Amide LinkagesDinesh A. Barawkar and Thomas C. BruiceView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, California 93106 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 44, 10418–10419Publication Date (Web):October 21, 1999Publication History Received7 July 1999Published online21 October 1999Published inissue 1 November 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9923540https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9923540rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Electrostatics,Genetics,Guanidine,Melting Get e-Alerts
Vision-an architecture for global illumination calculations (1995)

So far, the problem of global illumination calculation has almost exclusively been approached from an algorithmic point of view. We propose an architectural approach to global illumination. The proposed rendering architecture Vision is derived from a model of the physical rendering process, which is subsequently mapped onto an object-oriented hierarchy of classes. This design is powerful and flexible enough to support and exploit a large body of existing illumination algorithms for the simulation of various aspects of the underlying physical model. Additionally, the Vision architecture offers a platform for developing new algorithms and for combining them to create new rendering solutions. We discuss both abstract design as well as implementation issues. In particular, we give a detailed description of the global lighting subsystem and show how algorithms for path tracing, bidirectional estimators, irradiance caching, hierarchical radiosity, wavelet radiosity, and wavelet radiance have been implemented within Vision.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In Vitro Activity of Thalidomide Against Mycobacterium avium Complex (1993)

In a previous article,<sup>1</sup>we described two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>complex (MAC) bacteremia, prolonged fever, and weight loss, refractory to standard therapy, who responded to the administration of thalidomide. The activity of thalidomide was probably related to its immunomodulatory effect; it is not unusual to exclude activity of the drug against MAC. To ascertain the potential effectiveness of thalidomide against MAC, we tested its "in vitro" activity against 36 different MAC strains by the agar dilution method.<sup>2,3</sup>A 10<sup>4</sup>-μg/mL stock solution was prepared using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Afterward, serial twofold dilutions were made in sterile distilled water and incorporated into an agar with a pH of 6.8 (7H10 Middlebrook) to obtain the following final concentrations: 512, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, and 0.5 μg/L, respectively. Inocula were prepared from every strain growth on Löwenstein-Jensen media in
Fumaric acid esters exert neuroprotective effects in neuroinflammation via activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway (2011)

Inflammation and oxidative stress are thought to promote tissue damage in multiple sclerosis. Thus, novel therapeutics enhancing cellular resistance to free radicals could prove useful for multiple sclerosis treatment. BG00012 is an oral formulation of dimethylfumarate. In a phase II multiple sclerosis trial, BG00012 demonstrated beneficial effects on relapse rate and magnetic resonance imaging markers indicative of inflammation as well as axonal destruction. First we have studied effects of dimethylfumarate on the disease course, central nervous system, tissue integrity and the molecular mechanism of action in an animal model of chronic multiple sclerosis: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice. In the chronic phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, preventive or therapeutic application of dimethylfumarate ameliorated the disease course and improved preservation of myelin, axons and neurons. In vitro, the application of fumarates increased murine neuronal survival and protected human or rodent astrocytes against oxidative stress. Application of dimethylfumarate led to stabilization of the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2, activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2-dependent transcriptional activity and accumulation of NADP(H) quinoline oxidoreductase-1 as a prototypical target gene. Furthermore, the immediate metabolite of dimethylfumarate, monomethylfumarate, leads to direct modification of the inhibitor of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, at cysteine residue 151. In turn, increased levels of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 and reduced protein nitrosylation were detected in the central nervous sytem of dimethylfumarate-treated mice. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 was also upregulated in the spinal cord of autopsy specimens from untreated patients with multiple sclerosis. In dimethylfumarate-treated mice suffering from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, increased immunoreactivity for nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 was detected by confocal microscopy in neurons of the motor cortex and the brainstem as well as in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. In mice deficient for nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 on the same genetic background, the dimethylfumarate mediated beneficial effects on clinical course, axon preservation and astrocyte activation were almost completely abolished thus proving the functional relevance of this transcription factor for the neuroprotective mechanism of action. We conclude that the ability of dimethylfumarate to activate nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 may offer a novel cytoprotective modality that further augments the natural antioxidant responses in multiple sclerosis tissue and is not yet targeted by other multiple sclerosis therapies.
Autoantibodies to Interferon‐γ in a Patient with Selective Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Infection and Organ‐Specific Autoimmunity (2003)

We evaluated a patient with disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium chelonae infection, of which he died. He also developed autoimmune (type I) diabetes and primary hypothyroidism. His serum contained a high titer of immunoglobulin G autoantibody to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) capable of blocking in vitro responses to this cytokine by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors. These results suggest that autoantibodies to IFN-gamma can induce susceptibility to disseminated mycobacterial infection, which may be refractory to chemotherapy.
Topical Imiquimod in the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma to Skin (2003)

An 86-year-old woman presented in 1999 with a malignant melanoma (Clark level IV; Breslow thickness, 1.9 mm) on her right knee, which was initially treated with wide excision.In August 2000, several skin lesions of metastatic melanoma were noted on the right lower leg.These were treated with carbon-dioxide laser ablation.Multiple new skin-colored, brownish red, and dark blue smooth-surfaced and eroded papules and nodules of metastatic melanoma appeared on the whole right lower leg in December 2000 (Figure 1A).A large ulcerated nodule (2 cm in diameter) was noted on the right lateral crural region (Figure 2A).Two lesions were excised and metastatic melanoma was confirmed histopathologically.No lymph node or visceral metastases were found after staging procedures (x-ray of the thorax and sonography of the abdomen and the regional lymph nodes) were performed.
.ALPHA.-Adrenoceptor-mediated Penile Erection in Dogs: In vivo and in vitro Observations. (2000)

We have evaluated the role of adrenergic components in the pelvic splanchnic nerve on the erectile function in the dog. Electrical stimulation of pelvic splanchnic nerves increased blood flow in the internal pudendal artery and also elevated the cavernous pressure. These increases were blocked in part by phentolamine or methylene blue, but not by propranolol or atropine. The effects of cholinergic and adrenergic agonists and antagonists on mechanical responses were also examined in muscle strips obtained from various arteries in the intrapelvic region including the internal pudendal artery. Norepinephrine induced contraction in the iliac artery and relaxation in the internal pudendal artery, and both the contraction and relaxation responses were blocked by phentolamine but not by propranolol. These findings suggest that in the dog, alpha-adrenergic components projected through the pelvic splanchnic nerve may contribute to penile erection, together with cyclic GMP-mediated mechanisms.
The Inner Ear Contains Heteromeric Channels Composed of Cx26 and Cx30 and Deafness-Related Mutations in Cx26 Have a Dominant Negative Effect on Cx30 (2003)

Cx26 and cx30 co-localize in tissues of the mammalian cochlea. Transfected HeLa cells were used to examine interactions between cx26 and cx30 and the effects on cx30 of four point mutations in cx26 that are associated with dominantly inherited hearing loss--W44S, G59A, D66H and R75W. When co-expressed, wtcx26 and wtcx30 trafficked to the same gap junction plaques. Cells transferred neurobiotin but not Lucifer Yellow, which passes freely through cx26 channels, suggesting cx30 affects the properties of cx26. G59A and D66H had a perinuclear localization when expressed alone but trafficked to the membrane when co-expressed with cx30. Co-expression of W44S, G59A or R75W with cx30, significantly reduced neurobiotin transfer in comparison with cells expressing cx30 only. These results indicate that cx26 and cx30 can oligomerize to form heteromeric connexons and demonstrate a dominant negative effect of some cx26 mutants on cx30. Immunogold labeling of thin sections of the cochlea showed both cx26 and cx30 distributed evenly on both sides of individual gap junction profiles. Immunoprecipitation of cochlear membrane proteins, isolated by procedures that preserve connexons, with either cx30 or cx26 antibodies precipitated both cx26 and cx30. Following co-injection of Lucifer Yellow and neurobiotin into individual supporting cells of the organ of Corti in cochlear slices, neurobiotin transferred to many cells, but Lucifer Yellow was retained in the injected cell. These observations are consistent with junctions composed of cx26/cx30 heteromeric connexons in the cochlea. The functional disruption caused by some cx26 mutations upon such heteromeric channels may underlie the non-syndromic nature of their effects on hearing.
Effect of glutathione on photolytic degradation of doxorubicin hydrochloride. (1989)

Photodegradation of buffered solutions of doxorubicin hydrochloride (adriamycin; ADR) was studied under various light sources. Glutathione (GSH) was found to appreciably enhance the photostability of (ADR). The first-order rate of photodegradation of (ADR) was found to be influenced by pH and buffer species of the vehicle, the concentrations of (ADR) and (GSH), the light source, the type of glass containers, and tonicity adjustors. The half-life of (ADR) solution with (GSH) placed in clear glass ampuls and exposed to normal laboratory light was 462 hours. On the other hand, the half-life of the solution without (GSH) was only 38 hours.
siRNA-induced liver ApoB knockdown lowers serum LDL-cholesterol in a mouse model with human-like serum lipids (2011)

Increased serum apolipoprotein (apo)B and associated LDL levels are well-correlated with an increased risk of coronary disease. ApoE⁻/⁻ and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr)⁻/⁻ mice have been extensively used for studies of coronary atherosclerosis. These animals show atherosclerotic lesions similar to those in humans, but their serum lipids are low in apoB-containing LDL particles. We describe the development of a new mouse model with a human-like lipid profile. Ldlr CETP⁺/⁻ hemizygous mice carry a single copy of the human CETP transgene and a single copy of a LDL receptor mutation. To evaluate the apoB pathways in this mouse model, we used novel short-interfering RNAs (siRNA) formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP). ApoB siRNAs induced up to 95% reduction of liver ApoB mRNA and serum apoB protein, and a significant lowering of serum LDL in Ldlr CETP⁺/⁻ mice. ApoB targeting is specific and dose-dependent, and it shows lipid-lowering effects for over three weeks. Although specific triglycerides (TG) were affected by ApoB mRNA knockdown (KD) and the total plasma lipid levels were decreased by 70%, the overall lipid distribution did not change. Results presented here demonstrate a new mouse model for investigating additional targets within the ApoB pathways using the siRNA modality.