gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperthermia in oncology (2001)

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview on the current clinical application of hyperthermia combined with conventional treatment modalities (e.g. ionizing radiation, chemotherapy) in the treatment of malignant disease. The clinical application of hyperthermia with increase of tissue temperatures (range 40-44 degrees C) has been integrated in multimodal anti-cancer strategies. This review describes selected phase I or II (n = 17) and phase III trials (n = 16) investigating the effect of hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy (n = 10 trials), chemotherapy (n = 15 trials), or both (n = 8 trials) in a total of more than 2200 patients. The trials were performed in a variety of solid tumours (e.g. melanoma, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, cancer of the gastrointestinal or urogenital tract, glioblastoma, sarcoma) in paediatric or adult patients. Profound research has produced a scientific basis for the simultaneous application of hyperthermia in combination with ionizing radiation and/or systemic chemotherapy. Hyperthermia is becoming more accepted clinically, due to the substantial technical improvements made in achieving selected increase of temperatures in superficial and deep-seated tumours. At present, the combination of hyperthermia and chemotherapy or radiochemotherapy is further tested within clinical protocols (phase II/III) in order to improve local tumour control and relapse-free survival in patients with high-risk or advanced tumours of different entities.
T10B9 (MEDI‐500) mediated immunosuppression: studies on the mechanism of action (1996)

The murine IgM anti-human CD3/TCR mAb T10B9 is an effective agent for the reversal of acute cellular renal allograft rejection which offers several advantages over conventional OKT3 therapy. These include reduced morbidity and a more rapid decrease in serum creatinine levels. In the studies presented here comparing T10B9 and OKT3, soluble T10B9 is shown to be a nonactivating anti-T cell mAb. Evidence for its lack of activating potential includes in vitro failure to stimulate PBMC proliferation either alone or in the presence of nonmitogenic doses of phorbol ester, failure to induce the expression of early and late activation antigens and failure to induce IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6 or IL-2 release. Analysis of acute renal allograft rejection patient plasma cytokine levels 2 h after the first dose support the hypothesis that T10B9 has reduced immunoactivation activity in vivo. Both TNF alpha and IFN gamma patient plasma levels are significantly reduced in T10B9 as compared to OKT3 therapy. However, T10B9 is capable of cellular signaling as demonstrated by its ability to induce apoptosis and IL-2 release in the human T cell line Sup-T13. Thus T10B9 retains the potent immunosuppressive activity of OKT3 with reduced immunoactivation.
A Laboratory Manual for Guyton’s Function of the Human Body 3rd ed (1975)

Journal Article A Laboratory Manual for Guyton’s Function of the Human Body 3rd ed Get access A Laboratory Manual for Guyton’s Function of the Human Body 3rd ed. By Armstrong GGJrPhiladelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1974, paper, 275 pp, illus, $6.50 Jerome L. Martin Jerome L. Martin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Physical Therapy, Volume 55, Issue 7, July 1975, Page 812, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/55.7.812 Published: 01 July 1975
Formation of a primitive ectoderm like cell population, EPL cells, from ES cells in response to biologically derived factors (1999)

The primitive ectoderm of the mouse embryo arises from the inner cell mass between 4.75 and 5.25 days post coitum, around the time of implantation. Positioned at a pivotal time in development, just prior to formation of the three germ layers of the embryo proper, the primitive ectoderm responds directly to the signals generated during gastrulation. We have identified a conditioned medium, MEDII, which caused the homogeneous conversion of ES cells to a morphologically distinct cell population, termed early primitive ectoderm-like (EPL) cells. EPL cells expressed the pluripotent cell markers Oct4, SSEA1 and alkaline phosphatase. However, the formation of EPL cells was accompanied by alterations in Fgf5, Gbx2 and Rex1 expression, a loss in chimaera forming ability, changes in factor responsiveness and modified differentiation capabilities, all consistent with the identification of EPL cells as equivalent to the primitive ectoderm population of the 5.5 to 6.0 days post coitum embryo. EPL cell formation could be reversed in the presence of LIF and withdrawal of MEDII, which suggested that EPL cell formation was not a terminal differentiation event but reflected the ability of pluripotent cells to adopt distinct cell states in response to specific factors. Partial purification of MEDII revealed the presence of two separable biological activities, both of which were required for the induction and maintenance of EPL cells. We show here the first demonstration of uniform differentiation of ES cells in response to biological factors. The formation of primitive ectoderm, both in vivo and in vitro, appears to be an obligatory step in the differentiation of the inner cell mass or ES cells into cell lineages of the embryonic germ layers. EPL cells potentially represent a model for the development of lineage specific differentiation protocols and analysis of gastrulation at a molecular level. An understanding of the active components of MEDII may provide a route for the identification of factors which induce primitive ectoderm formation in vivo.
One-Tube Real-Time Isothermal Amplification Assay To Identify and Distinguish Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtypes A, B, and C and Circulating Recombinant Forms AE and AG (2001)

To halt the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic requires interventions that can prevent transmission of numerous HIV-1 subtypes. The most frequently transmitted viruses belong to the subtypes A, B, and C and the circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) AE and AG. A fast one-tube assay that identifies and distinguishes among subtypes A, B, and C and CRFs AE and AG of HIV-1 was developed. The assay amplifies a part of the gag gene sequence of the genome of all currently known HIV-1 subtypes and can identify and distinguish among the targeted subtypes as the reaction proceeds, because of the addition of subtype-specific molecular beacons with multiple fluorophores. The combination of isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and molecular beacons is a new approach in the design of real-time assays. To obtain a sufficiently specific assay, we developed a new strategy in the design of molecular beacons, purposely introducing mismatches in the molecular beacons. The subtype A and CRF AG isolates reacted with the same molecular beacon. We tested the specificity and sensitivity of the assay on a panel of the culture supernatant of 34 viruses encompassing all HIV-1 subtypes: subtypes A through G, CRF AE and AG, a group O isolate, and a group N isolate. Assay sensitivity on this panel was 92%, with 89% correct subtype identification relative to sequence analysis. A linear relationship was found between the amount of input RNA in the reaction mixture and the time that the reaction became positive. The lower detection level of the assay was approximately 10(3) copies of HIV-1 RNA per reaction. In 38% of 50 serum samples from HIV-1-infected individuals with a detectable amount of virus, we could identify subtype sequences with a specificity of 94% by using sequencing and phylogenetic analysis as the "gold standard." In conclusion, we showed the feasibility of the approach of using multiple molecular beacons labeled with different fluorophores in combination with isothermal amplification to identify and distinguish subtypes A, B, and C and CRFs AE and AG of HIV-1. Because of the low sensitivity, the assay in this format would not be suited for clinical use but can possibly be used for epidemiological monitoring as well as vaccine research studies.
Characterization of tissue and plasma glycosaminoglycans during experimental AA amyloidosis and acute inflammation. Qualitative and quantitative analysis. (1987)

Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to determine changes in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the spleen and plasma during initial stages of experimental amyloidosis and acute inflammation. GAG deposition in the spleen during the early stages of amyloidosis consists of a 16-fold heparin and heparan sulfate increase. Though splenic weights do increase during protracted inflammation only minor changes arise in splenic GAGs in the absence of amyloid deposition. An overall increase in plasma GAGs, consisting of a 4.5-fold chondroitin-4-sulphate increase, occurred at the time of GAG deposition in the tissues (spleen, liver) and probably accounts for the minor GAG changes seen in the spleen during inflammation. The time course of splenic heparin/heparan sulfate increase during amyloid deposition coincides with the histochemical changes previously described. Plasma GAG changes follow a pattern similar to that of acute phase protein reactants. The results suggest that GAG metabolism, in particular heparin/heparan sulfate, are intimately involved in the process of AA amyloidogenesis.
Laser SEL sensitivity mapping of SRAM cells (2009)

It is shown that laser SEL sensitivity mapping at the cell level exhibits a repetitive pattern. In conjunction with depth profiling, individual sensitive regions are shown to be approximate fat ellipsoids, which has implications for SEL specifications in the space environment.
In Vitro Activity of Human β-Defensin 2 againstPseudomonas aeruginosain the Presence of Tear Fluid (2007)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes vision-threatening keratitis and is difficult to treat due to emerging resistance. Human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2) is an antimicrobial peptide expressed by ocular surface epithelia with broad-spectrum activity against various pathogens, including P. aeruginosa. The activity of hBD-2 against P. aeruginosa in the presence of human tears or NaCl was studied. In some experiments, tears were heat-inactivated, filtered, and separated into cationic/anionic fractions or mucin MUC5AC was removed by immunoprecipitation before use. Immunoprecipitation was performed to study the interaction between hBD-2 and MUC5AC. hBD-2 activity was reduced by 40 to 90% in the presence of 17.5 to 70% (vol/vol) tears. NaCl reduced hBD-2 activity, but at most it could account for only 36% of the inhibitory effect of tears. Heat inactivation and filtration attenuated the ability of tears to inhibit hBD-2 activity by 65 and 68%, respectively. Anionic tear fractions significantly reduced (86%) the activity of hBD-2, whereas only a 22% reduction was observed with the cationic fractions. In the absence of MUC5AC, the activity of hBD-2 was restored by 64%. Immunoprecipitation studies suggested that the loss of hBD-2 activity in tears is due to a direct binding interaction with MUC5AC. Our data showed that the antimicrobial activity of hBD-2 is sensitive to the presence of human tears and that this is partly due to the salt content and also the presence of MUC5AC. These data cast doubt on the effectiveness of hBD-2 as an antimicrobial peptide, and additional studies are required to conclusively elucidate its role in innate immunity at the ocular surface in vivo.
원보 : 섬오갈피나무의 근피성분 , Acanthoic acid 의 약리작용 (2001)

Some pharmacological activities of acanthoic acid, isolated from Acanthopanax koreanum root was investigated in animals. It is revealed that the compound had analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities without actions on central nervous system and showed inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The anti-inflammatory activity might be related to inhibition of prostaglandin E₂ synthesis in exudates of inflammation.
Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Lymphomas (2014)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified human virus with a proven association with the pathogenesis of cancer. To maintain the integrity of the viral genome and to "get out" of the control of the host immune system, in the phase of the latent infection EBV shows the expression of several genes, including genes for six nuclear antigens, three latent membrane proteins, two short non-coding RNAs, and BamHI-A rightward transcripts. The different patterns of expression of these latent genes determine the occurrence of different types of latency in the pathogenesis of particular malignancies. One of the most important features of EBV is its ability to infect various cell types and the consequent variety of diseases. It has been shown that in humans, EBV infection may lead to the development of cancers, including those derived from hematopoietic cells. Although cases of T-cell and epithelial cell infections have been documented, EBV is characterized mainly by tropism for B lymphocytes, and under certain conditions their infection may result in transformation to B-cell lymphoma. This article discusses the mechanisms leading to the development of EBV-dependent lymphomas, and briefly characterizes these diseases.
Changes in plasma very low density and low density lipoprotein content, composition, and size after a fatty meal in normo- and hypertriglyceridemic man. (1979)

Four subfractions of plasma VLDL characterized by decreasing Sf value and LDL were isolated by density gradient preparative ultracentrifugation from normotriglyceridemic (NTG) and hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) (type IV) subjects in the fasting state and after a fatty meal. Chemical analysis and computation of numbers of particles in each fraction showed that the hyperlipidemia of type IV subjects was accounted for by an increase in total numbers of VLDL and a shift in the distribution of VLDL towards particles of larger diameter. Postprandial hyperlipidemia was due to the presence of chylomicron remnants rather than intact chylomicrons, and was accounted for by an increase in particle diameter of the largest VLDL subfraction rather than by an increase in particle numbers. Postprandial hyperlipedemia was accompanied by a shift in the distribution of VLDL towards particles of larger diameter in both NTG and HTG subjects, probably because of competition for the triglyceride-depletion process between chylomicrons and hepatic VLDL. Most chylomicron remnants were removed from the circulation without degradation to smaller VLDL or to LDL, but some remnants were sufficienty small to contribute to smaller VLDL subfractions. The LDL of type IV subjects contained more apoprotein B than those from NTG subjects, and this difference was associated with increases in diameter, molecular weight, density, and the ratio of protein: phospholipid in LDL from type IV subjects. Defective degradation of large VLDL to small VLDL, and of VLDL to LDL may be related to this alteration in apoprotein B content of the lipoproteins in type IV subjects.
Geometry and Physics of Wrinkling (2003)

The wrinkling of thin elastic sheets occurs over a range of length scales, from the fine scale patterns in substrates on which cells crawl to the coarse wrinkles seen in clothes. Motivated by the wrinkling of a stretched elastic sheet, we deduce a general theory of wrinkling, valid far from the onset of the instability, using elementary geometry and the physics of bending and stretching. Our main result is a set of simple scaling laws; the wavelength of the wrinkles lambda approximately K(-1/4), where K is the stiffness due to an "elastic substrate" effect with a multitude of origins, and the amplitude of the wrinkle A approximately lambda. These could form the basis of a highly sensitive quantitative wrinkling assay for the mechanical characterization of thin solid membranes.
Eliminating the Heart from the Curcumin Molecule: Monocarbonyl Curcumin Mimics (MACs) (2014)

Curcumin is a natural product with several thousand years of heritage. Its traditional Asian application to human ailments has been subjected in recent decades to worldwide pharmacological, biochemical and clinical investigations. Curcumin's Achilles heel lies in its poor aqueous solubility and rapid degradation at pH ~ 7.4. Researchers have sought to unlock curcumin's assets by chemical manipulation. One class of molecules under scrutiny are the monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin (MACs). A thousand plus such agents have been created and tested primarily against cancer and inflammation. The outcome is clear. In vitro, MACs furnish a 10-20 fold potency gain vs. curcumin for numerous cancer cell lines and cellular proteins. Similarly, MACs have successfully demonstrated better pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles in mice and greater tumor regression in cancer xenografts in vivo than curcumin. The compounds reveal limited toxicity as measured by murine weight gain and histopathological assessment. To our knowledge, MAC members have not yet been monitored in larger animals or humans. However, Phase 1 clinical trials are certainly on the horizon. The present review focuses on the large and evolving body of work in cancer and inflammation, but also covers MAC structural diversity and early discovery for treatment of bacteria, tuberculosis, Alzheimer's disease and malaria.
Benefits of all-optical routing in transport networks (1995)

The ability of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to increase the capacity of single-mode fiber far beyond 10 Gbit/s, qualifies the technology as a strong candidate for future broadband transport networks. This increase in capacity will put an enormous strain on vehicles for bandwidth management, where communication streams are traditionally managed at a DS3 granularity (45 Mbit/s). Multiwavelength optical routers, as enabled by acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTFs), would provide a wavelength-level bandwidth management facility, relieving this electronic bottleneck.
An object-oriented power plant adaptive control system design tool (1995)

An object-oriented power plant control system design tool is proposed in this paper which integrates modelling, analysis, design, simulation, and graphical user interface into one software suite. This facility can be conveniently used to study power plant dynamic behaviour and develop modern control algorithms. A design example of an adaptive governor shows the effectiveness of the design tool.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Matching Behavior and the Representation of Value in the Parietal Cortex (2004)

Psychologists and economists have long appreciated the contribution of reward history and expectation to decision-making. Yet we know little about how specific histories of choice and reward lead to an internal representation of the "value" of possible actions. We approached this problem through an integrated application of behavioral, computational, and physiological techniques. Monkeys were placed in a dynamic foraging environment in which they had to track the changing values of alternative choices through time. In this context, the monkeys' foraging behavior provided a window into their subjective valuation. We found that a simple model based on reward history can duplicate this behavior and that neurons in the parietal cortex represent the relative value of competing actions predicted by this model.
Mutations in BRAF and KRAS Converge on Activation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Lung Cancer Mouse Models (2007)

Mutations in the BRAF and KRAS genes occur in approximately 1% to 2% and 20% to 30% of non-small-cell lung cancer patients, respectively, suggesting that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is preferentially activated in lung cancers. Here, we show that lung-specific expression of the BRAF V600E mutant induces the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 (MAPK) pathway and the development of lung adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma features in vivo. Deinduction of transgene expression led to dramatic tumor regression, paralleled by dramatic dephosphorylation of ERK1/2, implying a dependency of BRAF-mutant lung tumors on the MAPK pathway. Accordingly, in vivo pharmacologic inhibition of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK; MAPKK) using a specific MEK inhibitor, CI-1040, induced tumor regression associated with inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in these de novo lung tumors. CI-1040 treatment also led to dramatic tumor shrinkage in murine lung tumors driven by a mutant KRas allele. Thus, somatic mutations in different signaling intermediates of the same pathway induce exquisite dependency on a shared downstream effector. These results unveil a potential common vulnerability of BRAF and KRas mutant lung tumors that potentially affects rational deployment of MEK targeted therapies to non-small-cell lung cancer patients.
An Instrument to Expose Safely and Determine the Orientation of the Facet Joint for Spinal Instrumentation (1995)

From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Newington Children's Hospital, Newington, Connecticut, U.S.A.
Oncolytic Potentials of Nonhuman Viruses for Human Cancer. II. Effects of Five Viruses on Heterotransplantable Human Tumors<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1968)

Five viruses noninfectious for humans, namely infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), equine rhinopnenumonitis (ERP), simianadenovirus 15 (SV15), and bovine enteroviruses 1 (BE-1 ) and 180 (BE-180), were studied as potential oncolytic agents for human tumors by determination of their replicative capacity in, and inhibitory (oncolytic) effect on, at least 1 of 5 different human tumors heterotransplanted into Syrian hamster cheek pouches. Viruses IBR and ERP replicated in, and appeared to be oncolytic in, at least 1 tumor system each. SV15 appeared to replicate in H.Ep.#2 tumor but was not oncolytic. BE-1 and BE-180 did not replicate in the 3 tumors tested. The oncolytic properties of ERP in KB tumor and of IBR in HeLa tumor were found before passage of the virus in these tumors. Both herpesviruses had been adapted previously to the corresponding cell line from which the tumors had been developed. It was concluded that, though these results suggest an oncolytic potential for ERP and IBR, the final evaluation must be the result of clinical trials. These two viruses have the advantage that they do not appear to induce disease in humans.
Preliminaries (1993)

Journal Article Preliminaries Get access Gayle K Sato Gayle K Sato Keio University, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MELUS, Volume 18, Issue 4, December 1993, Pages 1–3, https://doi.org/10.1093/melus/18.4.1 Published: 01 December 1993