gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The stability of multiple-shell ICF targets (1980)

The Rayleigh-Taylor stability of a multiple-shell ICF target is investigated using a linear perturbation technique. The zero-order solution is provided by a one-dimensional, three-temperature computer code. The results are compared with a full two-dimensional calculation and the agreement is found to be very good. A simple estimate based on integration of the interface acceleration is shown to be surprisingly accurate in some respects but inadequate in others. The instability associated with the hydrodynamic implosion of the inner shell is shown to be capable of seriously degrading the gain of the target.
Optimizing complex sequence pattern extraction using caching (2011)

Complex Event Processing (CEP) has become increasingly important for tracking and monitoring complex event anomalies and trends in event streams emitted from business processes such as supply chain management to online stores in e-commerce. These monitoring applications submit complex event queries to track sequences of events that match a given pattern. The state-of-the-art CEP systems mostly focus on the execution of flat sequence queries, we instead support the execution of nested CEP queries specified by our NEsted Event Language NEEL. However, the iterative execution of nested CEP expressions often results in the repeated recomputation of the same or similar results for nested subexpressions as the window slides over the event stream. In this work we thus propose to optimize NEEL execution performance by caching intermediate results. In particular we design two methods of applying selective caching of intermediate results namely Object Caching and the Interval-Driven Semantic Caching. Techniques for incrementally loading, purging and exploiting the cache content are described. Our experimental study using real-world stock trades evaluates the performance of our proposed caching strategies for different query types.
Level conversion for dual-supply systems (2004)

Dual-supply voltage design using a clustered voltage scaling (CVS) scheme is an effective approach to reduce chip power. The optimal CVS design relies on a level converter implemented in a flip-flop to minimize energy, delay, and area penalties due to level conversion. Additionally, circuit robustness against supply bounce is a key property that differentiates good level converter design. Novel flip-flops presented in this paper incorporate a half-latch level converter and a precharged level converter. These flip-flops are optimized in the energy-delay design space to achieve over 30% reduction of energy-delay product and about 10% savings of total power in a CVS design as compared to the conventional flip-flop. These benefits are accompanied by 24% flip-flop robustness improvement leading to 13% delay spread reduction in a CVS critical path. The proposed flip-flops also show 18% layout area reduction. Advantages of level conversion in a flip-flop over asynchronous level conversion in combinational logic are also discussed in terms of delay penalty and its sensitivity to supply bounce.
Subpicosecond photoconducting dipole antennas (1988)

Photoconducting antennas have been demonstrated which are capable of generating and coherently detecting subpicosecond electrical pulses. These antennas, when illuminated with femtosecond optical pulses, radiate electrical pulses which have frequency spectra that extend from <100 GHz to >2 THz. Microscope dipoles measuring 50, 100, and 200 mu m have been fabricated and tested. Integrated photoconductors of radiation-damaged silicon-on-sapphire were used both for impulsive current excitation of the transmitting antennas as well as for gating the receiving antennas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Association between B-lymphocyte membrane immunoglobulin and multiple members of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases. (1992)

Treatment of B lymphocytes with antibodies to membrane immunoglobulin (Ig) stimulates protein tyrosine phosphorylation. We have examined the phosphorylation in vitro of proteins associated with membrane Ig. The Src family protein tyrosine kinases p53/56lyn, p59fyn, and p56lck are associated with membrane Ig in spleen B cells and B-cell lines and undergo phosphorylation in vitro. The pattern of expression of Src family protein tyrosine kinases in B cells varied. Our studies suggest that multiple kinases can potentially interact with membrane Ig and that within any one B-cell type, all of the Src family kinases expressed can be found in association with membrane Ig. We also observed that the Ig-associated Ig alpha protein, multiple forms of Ig beta, and proteins of 100 and 25 kDa were tyrosine phosphorylated in vitro. The 100- and 25-kDa proteins remain unidentified.
Li+ Ion Insertion in TiO2 (Anatase). 2. Voltammetry on Nanoporous Films (1997)

Electrochemical properties of Li+ ion insertion in nanoporous TiO2 (anatase) electrodes were studied by voltammetry. Linear and cyclic potential scans were recorded as a function of electrolyte concentration, film thickness, and temperature. The currents were directly proportional to the inner electrode area of the electrodes. The reduction of Ti4+ and oxidation of Ti3+ are sluggish and follows irreversible kinetics. The standard rate constant was (3.5 ± 0.5) × 10-10 cm/s. The transfer coefficient was close to 0.5, indicating that the potential drop appears mainly across the Helmholtz layer. The capacitive currents govern largely the shape of the i−v curves, except within a region near the peak potential where diffusion-limited insertion and extraction of Li+ ions in the anatase lattice are dominating. The diffusion coefficient at 25 °C in the nanoporous structure was approximately 2 × 10-17 cm2/s for insertion and 4 × 10-17 cm2/s for extraction. The activation energy was 0.4 eV for insertion and 0.5 eV for extraction. The maximum obtained mole fraction of Li+ in LixTiO2 was x = 0.47.
In vitroscanning saturation mutagenesis of an antibody binding pocket (1997)

We have combined PCR mutagenesis with in vitro transcription/translation and ELISA for the rapid generation and characterization of antibody mutants. The PCR products are used directly as the template for the in vitro transcription/translation reactions and because no cloning steps are required, the in vitro saturation mutagenesis of one residue can be completed in duplicate within a week by a single investigator. In vitro scanning saturation mutagenesis was used to analyze the role and plasticity of six key contact residues (H:Tyr-33, H:Asn-35, H:Tyr-50, H:Trp-100, L:Val-94, and L:Pro-96) in the binding pocket of a single chain Fv antibody derived from the 26-10 monoclonal antibody. A total of 114 mutant antibodies were produced; all 19 substitutions at each of the 6 chosen positions. The mutants were analyzed for binding to digoxin, digitoxin, digoxigenin, and ouabain resulting in the generation of a comprehensive data base of 456 relative affinity values. Excellent agreement between the relative affinity values obtained with in vitro synthesized mutant antibodies and equilibrium affinity data obtained with previously reported purified mutant monoclonal antibodies was observed. Approximately 75% of the single amino acid mutants exhibited significant binding to one or more of the digoxin analogs. Mutations that alter and, in some cases, reverse specificity for the different digoxin analogs were identified. In vitro scanning saturation mutagenesis represents a new tool for protein structure-function and engineering studies and can be interfaced with laboratory automation so that an even higher throughput of protein mutants can be constructed and analyzed.
Efficient Kinetic Resolution in the Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Imines of 3-Substituted Indanones and 4-Substituted Tetralones (2000)

Kinetic resolution of the N-methyl imines of 3-substituted indanones and 4-substituted tetralones could be accomplished by hydrosilylation with a chiral titanocene catalyst. N-Methyl imines of 4-substituted tetralones were resolved to yield, after hydrolysis of the unreacted starting materials, ketones with high ee's and the amine products with high diastereomeric and enantiomeric purity. The utility of this process was demonstrated in the synthesis of sertraline.
Dose‐response Protective Effect of Salbutamol on Methacholine Airway Responsiveness using Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers and Turbuhalers (1998)

The purpose of this study was to estimate the relative dose potency of salbutamol Turbuhaler compared with salbutamol pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) with respect to the protective effect against methacholine bronchoconstriction. Twenty-three asthmatic subjects with stable asthma participated in the study. Baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was 70% or more of predicted, and baseline methacholine provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) was 4 mg/mL or less. The design was randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, crossover and placebo controlled and was conducted over seven study days. On each study day, the subjects inhaled 50 microg or 100 microg of salbutamol via Turbuhaler, 100 microg, 200 microg, 400 microg or 800 microg of salbutamol via pMDI, or placebo in randomized order. PC20 was determined 30 mins after inhalation. Increasing doses of salbutamol pMDI increased the PC20 in a dose-dependent fashion from 3.9 mg/mL after placebo to 13.3 mg/mL after pMDI 100 microg, 19.0 mg/mL after 200 microg, 32.6 mg/mL after 400 microg, and 35.1 mg/mL after 800 microg. The half-maximum response dose for pMDI (ED50) was 104 microg. Salbutamol Turbuhaler 50 microg increased the PC20 to 10.0 mg/mL and 100 microg to 12.6 mg/mL. Salbutamol pMDI 200 microg provided significantly greater protection to methacholine than pMDI 100 microg or Turbuhaler 100 microg and significantly less protection than pMDI 400 microg (P<0. 05). This study demonstrates that the relative protective dose potency of inhaled beta-agonists can be determined by comparing their effects on methacholine airway responsiveness. The estimated relative protective dose potency for salbutamol Turbuhaler in comparison with pMDI was 1.38 (95% CI 0.67 to 2.87) at 50 microg and was 0.96 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.64) at 100 microg.
A common database approach for OLTP and OLAP using an in-memory column database (2009)

When SQL and the relational data model were introduced 25 years ago as a general data management concept, enterprise software migrated quickly to this new technology. It is fair to say that SQL and the various implementations of RDBMSs became the backbone of enterprise systems. In those days. we believed that business planning, transaction processing and analytics should reside in one single system. Despite the incredible improvements in computer hardware, high-speed networks, display devices and the associated software, speed and flexibility remained an issue.
[Expression of chemokine receptor CXCR7 in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines]. (2014)

CXCR7 is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues with variable intensities in 5 gastric cancer cell lines, suggesting its important role in gastric cancer progression.
Demonstration of 1550 nm QKD with ROADM-based DWDM Networking and the Impact of Fiber FWM (2007)

We demonstrate compatibility of 1550 nm QKD with a MEMS-based ROADM and also show that four-wave mixing resulting from copropagating DWDM signals can become the dominant source of background noise within the QKD channel passband.
Reverse Structural and Gap-Junctional Remodeling After Prolonged Atrial Fibrillation in the Goat (2003)

Recovery from structural remodeling after 4 mo AF is a slow process and is still incomplete 4 mo post-AF. Several months post-AF, the duration of AF episodes is still prolonged (minutes).
The opioid growth factor, [Met5]‐enkephalin, inhibits DNA synthesis during recornification of mouse tail skin (2000)

Opioid peptides serve as tonically active negative growth regulators in renewing and regenerating epithelia. To examine the involvement of opioids in renewal of the stratum corneum after tape stripping of tail skin, C57BL/6 J mice were given systemic injections of the potent opioid antagonist, naltrexone (NTX, 20 mg/kg i.p.) following injury. Blockade of opioidreceptor interaction by NTX for 4 h resulted in an elevation of 36–;66% in basal cell DNA synthesis measured 24 h after injury. Injection of the endogenous opioid peptide, [Met 5 ]‐enkephalin (OGF, 10 mg/kg i.p.) 4 h before termination, suppressed radiolabelled thymidine incorporation in the basal cell layer by 37–46%at 24 h after wounding. The magnitude of the effects on DNA synthesis of OGF, but not NTX, depended on the timing of administration with respect to injury. OGF maximally depressed basal cell labelling (72%) when given 16 h after tape stripping. Concomitant administration of naloxone (10 mg/kg) with OGF blocked the inhibition of DNA synthesis; naloxone alone at the dosage utilized had no effect on cell labelling. Both OGF and its receptor, OGFr, were detected by immunocytochemistry in the basal and suprabasal cell layers, but not the cornified layer of tape stripped and uninjured tail skin. These results indicate: (a) a native opioid peptide and its receptor are expressed in epidermal cells of injured and uninjured mouse tail skin; (b) removal of the stratum corneum by tape stripping does not disrupt the function of the endogenous opioid growth system; (c) the proliferative response to wounding of the tail is tonically inhibited by the receptor‐mediated action of an endogenous opioid peptide; and (d) DNA synthesis by basal cells can be elevated by disrupting opioid peptidereceptor interactions.
Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Prevention (2003)

Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia whose most serious clinical consequence is stroke. Described in pathological studies in the 1940s, uncoordinated atrial contractions result in sluggish blood flow and the formation of thrombus in the atrial appendage: “The immobility of the auricular walls makes them defenceless against thrombotic deposits, as a horse should be against flies without his cutaneous muscles”1 (see Figure). The stasis-precipitated thrombi lead to emboli that are distributed according to cardiac output, but emboli to the brain account for about 80 percent of symptomatic emboli. Because they are larger on average than emboli of valvular origin, . . .
Volociximab, a Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody that Specifically Binds α5β1 Integrin: A Phase I, Pharmacokinetic, and Biological Correlative Study (2008)

Volociximab can be safely administered at 15 mg/kg i.v. per week. The absence of severe toxicities and preliminary activity at the highest dose level warrants further disease-directed studies.
The Replication Activity of Influenza Virus Polymerase Is Linked to the Capacity of the PA Subunit To Induce Proteolysis (2000)

The PA subunit of the influenza virus polymerase complex is a phosphorylated protein that induces a proteolytic process that decreases its own accumulation levels and those of coexpressed proteins. The amino-terminal third of the protein is responsible for the induction of proteolysis. We mutated five potential casein kinase II phosphorylation sites located in the amino-terminal third of the protein. Mutations affecting position 157 almost completely abrogated proteolysis induction, whereas a mutation at position 162 produced a moderate decrease and mutations at positions 151, 200, and 224 did not affect proteolysis induction. Reconstitution of the influenza virus polymerase in vivo with viral model RNA containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene indicated that the CAT activity obtained correlated with the capacity of each PA mutant to induce proteolysis. RNA protection assays of the products obtained with viral polymerase, reconstituted in vivo with model RNAs, indicated that mutations at position 157 led to a selective loss of the ability to synthesize cRNA from the viral RNA template but not to transcribe viral RNA, while a mutation affecting position 162 showed an intermediate phenotype. Collectively, these data provide a link between PA-mediated induction of proteolysis and the replication activity of the polymerase.
Benign Nodal Nevi Frequently Harbor the Activating V600E BRAF Mutation (2009)

Mutational activation of the BRAF oncogene is the most common genetic alteration in cutaneous melanoma. Potentially, BRAF mutation analysis of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies could enhance the detection of micrometastases and improve the accuracy of nodal staging for patients with melanoma. Nodal nevi are small aggregates of benign nevus cells that are commonly encountered in the SLNs of patients with melanoma. The status of the BRAF gene in nodal nevi is not known, but this unresolved issue is of critical importance to any future detection strategies that use genetic alterations as biomarkers of metastatic spread. Twenty-six nodal nevi from 26 patients were evaluated for the thymine (T)-->adenine (A) missense mutation at nucleotide 1796 of the BRAF gene using the LigAmp assay, which can detect 1 mutant allele among 10,000 wild-type alleles. For each case, a matching volume of adjacent lymphoid tissue was used as a negative control. BRAF mutations were detected in 13 of the 26 nodal nevi, but in just 1 of the 26 adjacent controls (50% vs. 4%, P<0.0005, Fisher exact). Novel strategies that rely on detection of putative melanoma-specific markers for the diagnosis of micrometastatic melanoma in SLNs need to take into account the molecular genetic profile of the benign nodal nevus. Indeed, these nodal nevi, like melanoma, frequently harbor activating mutations of the BRAF oncogene underscoring the potentially confounding impact of these inclusions on melanoma detection.
Lymph macrophages enter the germinal center of lymph nodes of guinea pigs (1977)

To determine the fate of macrophages within the afferent lymph stream, the popliteal lymph nodes at various times (3 h to 6 months) after subcutaneous injection of india ink into the footpads of guinea pigs were examined. Two types of cells which had phagocytized india ink were observed in the germinal centers. A small number of type I phagocytes (engulfing india ink as small particles which were often found together with tingible bodies in their cytoplasm) were scattered through the germinal center. A large number of type II phagocytes (packed full of india ink) presented preferentially in the medullary portion of the germinal center, together with many pyroninophil lymphoblastoid cells. In the second experiment, the afferent lymphatics of the popliteal lymph node were ligated 15–20 min after india ink injection. Although the type I phagocytes were distributed as in the first experiment, the type II phagocytes were scanty. In the third experiment, the afferent lymphatics of the popliteal lymph node were ligated 7 days after india ink injection. The type II phagocytes disappeared rapidly from the germinal center, whereas the type I phagocytes remained and were not affected by ¾ n?. These results suggest that the type I phagocytes are the fixed macrophages or tingible body macrophages in the germinal center, and that the type II phagocytes are the macrophages migrating from the peripheral tissues. It was also shown that many macrophages reaching the regional node via afferent lymphatics entered the germinal center through the medullary pole where the cap of small lymphocytes became thinner or disappeared.
Conserved Shifts in the Gut Microbiota Due to Gastric Bypass Reduce Host Weight and Adiposity (2013)

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) results in rapid weight loss, reduced adiposity, and improved glucose metabolism. These effects are not simply attributable to decreased caloric intake or absorption, but the mechanisms linking rearrangement of the gastrointestinal tract to these metabolic outcomes are largely unknown. Studies in humans and rats have shown that RYGB restructures the gut microbiota, prompting the hypothesis that some of the effects of RYGB are caused by altered host-microbial interactions. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model of RYGB that recapitulates many of the metabolic outcomes in humans. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of murine fecal samples collected after RYGB surgery, sham surgery, or sham surgery coupled to caloric restriction revealed that alterations to the gut microbiota after RYGB are conserved among humans, rats, and mice, resulting in a rapid and sustained increase in the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria (Escherichia) and Verrucomicrobia (Akkermansia). These changes were independent of weight change and caloric restriction, were detectable throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract, and were most evident in the distal gut, downstream of the surgical manipulation site. Transfer of the gut microbiota from RYGB-treated mice to nonoperated, germ-free mice resulted in weight loss and decreased fat mass in the recipient animals relative to recipients of microbiota induced by sham surgery, potentially due to altered microbial production of short-chain fatty acids. These findings provide the first empirical support for the claim that changes in the gut microbiota contribute to reduced host weight and adiposity after RYGB surgery.
Inference of Shared Risk Link Groups (2001)

The Shared Risk Link Group (SRLG) concept introduced in [IPO-Frame] is considered as one of the most important criteria concerning the constrained-based path computation of optical channel routes. By applying the SRLG criteria to the constrained-based path computation, one can select a route taking into account physical resource and logical structure disjointness that implies a lower probability of simultaneous lightpath failure. This contribution describes the various physical and logical resource types considered in the SRLG concept. The proposed model focuses on the inference of SRLG information between the network physical layers as well as logical structures such as geographical locations. The main applications of the proposed model are the related Constraint-based Shortest Path First (CSPF) algorithm for optical channel path computation and the reduction of the SRLG information flooded through traffic engineering extensions of the IGP routing protocols (such as OSPF and IS-IS). Notice: This contribution has been created to assist the Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF). This document is offered to the OIF solely as a basis for discussion and is not a binding proposal on the companies listed as resources above. Each company in the source list, and the OIF, reserves the rights to at any time to add, amend, or withdraw statements contained herein.