gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Ground-target detection system for digital video database</title> (1998)

As more and more visual information is available on video, information indexing and retrieval of digital video data is becoming important. A digital video database embedded with visual information processing using image analysis and image understanding techniques such as automated target detection, classification, and identification can provide query results of higher quality. We address in this paper a robust digital video database system within which a target detection module is implemented and applied onto the keyframe images extracted by our digital library system. The tasks and application scenarios under consideration involve indexing video with information about detection and verification of artificial objects that exist in video scenes. Based on the scenario that the video sequences are acquired by an onboard camera mounted on Predator unmanned aircraft, we demonstrate how an incoming video stream is structured into different levels -- video program level, scene level, shot level, and object level, based on the analysis of video contents using global imagery information. We then consider that the keyframe representation is most appropriate for video processing and it holds the property that can be used as the input for our detection module. As a result, video processing becomes feasible in terms of decreased computational resources spent and increased confidence in the (detection) decisions reached. The architecture we proposed can respond to the query of whether artificial structures and suspected combat vehicles are detected. The architecture for ground detection takes advantage of the image understanding paradigm and it involves different methods to locate and identify the artificial object rather than nature background such as tree, grass, and cloud. Edge detection, morphological transformation, line and parallel line detection using Hough transform applied on key frame images at video shot level are introduced in our detection module. This function can also help rapidly filter incoming video and extract only those video sequences of potential interest under real time combating environment. Experimental results on video sequences acquired by Predator prove the feasibility of our approach.
The mTOR effectors 4EBP1 and S6K2 are frequently coexpressed, and associated with a poor prognosis and endocrine resistance in breast cancer: a retrospective study including patients from the randomised Stockholm tamoxifen trials (2013)

This study suggests S6K2 and 4EBP1 as important factors for breast tumourigenesis, interplaying with hormone receptor signalling. We propose S6K2 and 4EBP1 as new potential clinical markers for prognosis and endocrine therapy response in breast cancer.
Evaluation of Multivalent Dendrimers Based on Melamine:  Kinetics of Thiol−Disulfide Exchange Depends on the Structure of the Dendrimer (2003)

The rate of thiol-disulfide exchange of dansyl groups mediated by dithiothreitol depends on the structure of the dendrimer. In general, the rate of exchange decreases as the size of the dendrimer increases. Dendrimers with disulfides attached near the core undergo exchange more slowly than dendrimers with disulfides near the periphery. Exchange is a bimolecular (noncooperative) process between dansyl-linked disulfides and dithiothreitol. No evidence for intramolecular macrocylization (cooperative) exchange is observed. Mass spectrometry is used to follow exchange in two dendrimers, providing qualitative and quantitative information about this process. Mathematical models suggest that the rates for exchange for all disulfides of a dendrimer are similar, but increase as the exchange reaction progresses.
Immunological consequences of using three different clinical/laboratory techniques of emulsifying peptide-based vaccines in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (2006)

Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) serves as a carrier for water-in-oil emulsion (W/O) vaccines. The stability of such emulsions greatly affects vaccine safety and efficacy since continued presence of antigen depots at lymphoid organs releasing low-level antigens is known to stimulate a potent immune response and high-level systemic release of antigens can lead to tolerance. W/O emulsions for the purpose of clinical and laboratory peptide-based vaccinations have been prepared using the techniques of syringe extrusion, vortex or high-speed homogenization. There is no consensus in the field over which technique would be best to use and no immunological data are available that compare the three techniques. In this study, we compared the immune responses induced by a peptide-based vaccine prepared using vortex, syringe-extrusion and homogenization. The vaccination led to tumor rejection by mice vaccinated with the peptide-based vaccine prepared using all three techniques. The immunological data from the in vivo cytotoxicity assay showed a trend for lower responses and a higher variability and greater range in the immune responses induced by a vaccine that was emulsified by the vortex or homogenizer techniques as compared to the syringe-extrusion technique. There were statistically significant lower numbers of IFNgamma-secreting cells induced when the mice were vaccinated with a peptide-based vaccine emulsion prepared using the vortex compared to the syringe-extrusion technique. At a suboptimal vaccine dose, the mice vaccinated with a peptide-based vaccine emulsion prepared using the vortex technique had the largest tumors compared to the syringe-extrusion or the homogenizer technique. In the setting of a busy pharmacy that prepares peptide-based vaccine emulsions for clinical studies, the vortex technique can still be used but we urge investigators to take special care in their choice of mixing vessels for the vortex technique as that can influence the stability of the emulsion. However, in instances where the optimal dose is unknown, we caution investigators against using the vortex technique to prepare the peptide-based vaccine emulsions. Overall, we report that all three techniques can be used to prepare peptide-based vaccine emulsions under optimal dose conditions and we discuss important details regarding the proper preparation of the emulsions.
Hedgehog pathway inhibition and the race against tumor evolution (2012)

Dependence of basal cell carcinomas and medulloblastomas on the Hedgehog pathway provides an opportunity for targeted or "personalized" therapy. The recent effectiveness and FDA approval of the first Smoothened inhibitors validates this class of agents, but has revealed drug-resistant tumor variants that bypass Smoothened inhibition. Here, we summarize the effectiveness of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors and highlight promising areas for the development of next generation drug antagonists for Hedgehog-dependent cancers.
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5HT) Receptors in the Heart Valves of Cynomolgus Monkeys and Sprague-Dawley Rats (2005)

5-Hydroxytryptamine-2B receptor (5HT2BR) stimulation is known to cause fibroblast mitogenesis, and the mitogenic effect has been proposed to trigger valvular heart disease in humans. In this study, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan) to quantify transcript levels of 5HT2B, 5HT2C, and 5HT1B receptors and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect the tissue localization of these receptors in the normal heart valves of cynomolgus (CM) monkeys and Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats. In both species, positive immunostaining was noted for 5HT1B and 5HT2B receptors in mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves, and the cell types showing positive staining were interstitial cells and endothelial cells lining the valve leaflet. In CM monkeys, 5HT2CR was expressed only in the endothelial cells lining the leaflet, whereas S-D valves were negative for this receptor. IHC results were correlated with 5HT2B and 5HT1B receptor transcripts for all four valves. However, 5HT2C receptor transcripts were lower than 5HT2B or 5HT1B in all CM monkey valves, whereas 5HT2C transcripts were below the level of detection in any of the S-D rat valves. Our data showed the expression of 5HT2B, 5HT1B, and 5HT2C receptors in the normal heart valves of CM monkeys and S-D rats, and IHC and TaqMan techniques may be used to study the potential mechanism of compounds with 5HT2BR agonist activity.
Depletion of CD4 + T Cells in Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II-Deficient Mice (1991)

The maturation of T cells in the thymus is dependent on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. By disruption of the MHC class II Ab beta gene in embryonic stem cells, mice were generated that lack cell surface expression of class II molecules. These MHC class II-deficient mice were depleted of mature CD4+ T cells and were deficient in cell-mediated immune responses. These results provide genetic evidence that class II molecules are required for the maturation and function of mature CD4+ T cells.
Expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 in bronchial epithelium of chronic smokers. (1998)

The monoclonal antibody 703D4, which binds heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1), has been reported to detect lung cancer more than a year earlier than routine chest X-ray or cytomorphology. To explore the biological basis of this detection, we studied the expression of this antigen in the central airways of smokers with evidence of bronchial metaplasia using specimens from a previously reported, randomized retinoid chemoprevention trial. By analyzing 1078 available biopsy specimens from 147 individuals at baseline and 68 individuals who completed the intervention, we frequently detected overexpression of hnRNP A2/B1 in normal and abnormal bronchial epithelium (i.e., in 41% of normal and 37% of squamous metaplasia samples). There was no correlation between hnRNP A2/B1 overexpression and the different histological changes. In cases with hnRNP A2/B1 overexpression, immunoreactivity was homogeneously expressed in all biopsied sites. For the 68 cases with serial biopsies, there was no significant modulation of hnRNP expression by retinoid intervention or smoking status. With lung cancer cell lines, 0.5-4 microM concentrations of 13-cis-retinoic acid reduced hnRNP A2/B1 overexpression by immunocytochemistry. We conclude that hnRNP A2/B1 overexpression is frequently found in central airways of chronic smokers, consistent with the pattern of expression that we reported previously in airways surrounding resected primary lung cancers. Oral 13-cis-retinoic acid at a dose of 1 mg/kg has no demonstrable effects on modulating hnRNP A2/B1 expression in proximal bronchial epithelium.
词语天地——《六千词—韦伯斯特国际三版新词典补遗》、《当代英语简明牛津词典》(第六版)、《韦伯斯特新大学词典》(第八版)等 (1980)

这篇论文出之漫谈方式,提出的却是词典学中的一个重要的问题:词典怎样对待活语言。作者考察了美英的一些著名词典,从词典的模式固定不变说起,涉猎收词、释义、义项、例句等等问题,从而多方面地揭示词典编纂上的保守性,表现出一种要求创新的进取精神和对确立并发展词典编纂理论的渴望。文章不是“中药铺”,说的又正是“洋”话,然而值得一读,因为其中是颇有引发我们辞书工作者思考的问题的。编者
Propeptide of human protein C is necessary for .gamma.-carboxylation (1987)

Protein C is one of a family of vitamin K dependent proteins, including blood coagulation factors and bone proteins, that contains gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. Sequence analysis of the cDNAs for these proteins has revealed the presence of a prepro leader sequence that contains a pre sequence or hydrophobic signal sequence and a propeptide containing a number of highly conserved amino acids. The pre region is removed from the growing polypeptide chain by signal peptidase, while the pro region is subsequently removed from the protein prior to secretion. In the present study, deletion mutants have been constructed in the propeptide region of the cDNA for human protein C, and the cDNAs were then expressed in mammalian cell culture. These deletions included the removal of 4, 9, 12, 15, 16, or 17 amino acids comprising the carboxyl end of the leader sequence of 42 amino acids. The mutant proteins were then examined by Western blotting, barium citrate adsorption and precipitation, amino acid sequence analysis, and biological activity and compared with the native protein present in normal plasma. These experiments have shown that protein C is readily synthesized in mammalian cell cultures, processed, and secreted as a two-chain molecule with biological activity. Furthermore, the pre portion or signal sequence in human protein C is 18 amino acids in length, and the pro portion of the leader sequence is 24 amino acids in length. Also, during biosynthesis and secretion, the amino-terminal region of the propeptide (residues from about -12 through -17) is important for gamma-carboxylation of protein C, while the present data and those of others indicate that the carboxyl-terminal portion of the propeptide (residues -1 through -4) is important for the removal of the pro leader sequence by proteolytic processing.
Cost‐minimization analysis of CHOP, fludarabine and rituximab for the treatment of relapsed indolent B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in the U.K. (1999)

The optimal therapy for patients with relapsed indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is unclear. Combination chemotherapy such as CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) or purine analogues including fludarabine are frequently used and the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab has recently been licensed for use. However, no comparative studies of these therapies have been reported. Since relapsed indolent B-cell NHL is generally regarded as incurable with current therapies, the place of each of these therapies is likely to be determined by their relative efficacy, toxicity and cost. We undertook a literature review and a retrospective analysis of patients receiving combination chemotherapy for relapsed indolent B-cell NHL at our institution to determine the response rates and the duration of response when treated with CHOP or fludarabine. Reported response rates and median response duration for these regimens are similar, and similar to those reported in phase II studies of rituximab. A cost minimization analysis was therefore conducted. The per patient costs for the treatment of drug-related adverse events were pound 5049 for CHOP, pound 2953 for fludarabine and pound 109 for rituximab. When costs of a full course of each treatment were compared, the costs per patient for CHOP, fludarabine and rituximab were pound 7210 (pound 5975-8445), pound 10022 (pound 8917-11126) and pound 6080 (pound 5892-6267) respectively. In this preliminary analysis, rituximab appeared to have a similar efficacy rate to CHOP and fludarabine, but had significantly fewer adverse events and a lower total cost per patient. These data require confirmation in a prospective randomized study with formal assessment of cost-effectiveness.
Direct sequence analysis of TCR Vδ2–Dδ3 rearrangements in common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and application to detection of minimal residual disease (1993)

T cell receptor delta chain (TCR delta) gene rearrangements were studied by Southern blot analysis in 36 patients with common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, including 14 adults and 22 children. The majority of patients (68%) had either a rearrangement or deletion of one or more TCR delta genes. The most frequent rearrangement involved a partial recombination of V delta 2 to D delta 3 (55%). D delta 2-D delta 3 rearrangements were present in five patients (14%). To investigate the TCR delta rearrangement as a tumour marker in minimal residual disease studies, presentation samples from 18 patients were amplified by PCR and directly sequenced. Although the size of the V delta 2-D delta 3 junction varied by only 40 bp, sequence analysis showed extensive diversity. This was derived from four factors: deletion of the 5' end of D delta 3 gene (15/18) and 3' end of V delta 2 gene (16/18); the presence of D delta 2 sequences (6/18); insertion of N nucleotides (15/18); association of P nucleotides with intact V delta 2 and D delta 3 genes (5/18). N nucleotides were the major feature, contributing to 75% of the junction. D delta 1 sequences were not involved. Twenty base oligonucleotide probes, constructed from the junctional sequences, were capable of detecting residual tumour cells at the 10(-4) sensitivity level. Cross hybridization studies confirmed the probes to be clone specific. Longitudinal studies on patients undergoing treatment were capable of detecting tumour in remission samples.
Pain-related behaviors and neurochemical alterations in mice expressing sickle hemoglobin: modulation by cannabinoids (2010)

Sickle cell disease causes severe pain. We examined pain-related behaviors, correlative neurochemical changes, and analgesic effects of morphine and cannabinoids in transgenic mice expressing human sickle hemoglobin (HbS). Paw withdrawal threshold and withdrawal latency (to mechanical and thermal stimuli, respectively) and grip force were lower in homozygous and hemizygous Berkley mice (BERK and hBERK1, respectively) compared with control mice expressing human hemoglobin A (HbA-BERK), indicating deep/musculoskeletal and cutaneous hyperalgesia. Peripheral nerves and blood vessels were structurally altered in BERK and hBERK1 skin, with decreased expression of mu opioid receptor and increased calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P immunoreactivity. Activators of neuropathic and inflammatory pain (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, STAT3, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase) showed increased phosphorylation, with accompanying increase in COX-2, interleukin-6, and Toll-like receptor 4 in the spinal cord of hBERK1 compared with HbA-BERK. These neurochemical changes in the periphery and spinal cord may contribute to hyperalgesia in mice expressing HbS. In BERK and hBERK1, hyperalgesia was markedly attenuated by morphine and cannabinoid receptor agonist CP 55940. We show that mice expressing HbS exhibit characteristics of pain observed in sickle cell disease patients, and neurochemical changes suggestive of nociceptor and glial activation. Importantly, cannabinoids attenuate pain in mice expressing HbS.
Interactive and Animated Cartography (1995)

From the Publisher:
This text provides an accessible, detailed introduction to recent advances in computer-aided map-making technology in which maps marrate, cartographic symbols move, and displays reveal relevant information when viewer clicks on them.
Development of Highly Enantioselective Polymeric Catalysts Using Rigid and Sterically Regular Chiral Polybinaphthols (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDevelopment of Highly Enantioselective Polymeric Catalysts Using Rigid and Sterically Regular Chiral PolybinaphtholsWei-Sheng Huang, Qiao-Sheng Hu, Xiao-Fan Zheng, Julie Anderson, and Lin PuView Author Information Department of Chemistry, North Dakota State University Fargo, North Dakota 58105 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 18, 4313–4314Publication Date (Web):May 7, 1997Publication History Received13 December 1996Published online7 May 1997Published inissue 1 May 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja964285khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja964285krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views637Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aldehydes,Catalysts,Polymers,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Pseudoscience and the Paranormal (1988)

Popular culture fills the mind with a steady diet of fantasy, from tales of UFO landings and alien abductions, haunted houses, and communication with the dead to claims of miraculous cures by spiritual healers and breakthrough treatments in 'alternative' medicine. The paranormal - and the pseudoscience that attempts to validate it - is so ubiquitous that many people lose sight of the distinction between the real and the imaginary, and some never learn to make the distinction in the first place. In this updated and expanded edition of Pseudoscience and the Paranormal, the most comprehensive and up-to-date work of its kind, psychologist and neuroscientist Terence Hines explores the question of evidence for the paranormal and delves beyond it to one that is even more puzzling: Why do people continue to believe in the reality of the supernatural despite overwhelming evidence that it does not exist? Devoting separate chapters to psychics, life after death, parapsychology, astrology, UFOs, faith healing, alternative medicine, and many other topics, Hines examines the empirical evidence supporting these popular paranormal and pseudoscientific claims. New to this edition are extended sections on psychoanalysis and pseudopsychologies, especially recovered memory therapy, satanic ritual abuse, and facilitated communication. Also included are new chapters on 'alternative' medicine and environmental pseudoscience. Critiquing the whole range of current paranormal claims, this carefully researched, thorough review of pseudoscience and the paranormal in contemporary life shows readers how to carefully evaluate such claims in terms of scientific evidence. This scholarly yet readable volume is an invaluable reference work for students and general readers alike.
Equivalence of Hough curve detection to template matching (1977)

article Free AccessEquivalence of Hough curve detection to template matching Authors: G. C. Stockman L.N.K. Corp., Silver Spring, MD L.N.K. Corp., Silver Spring, MDView Profile , A. K. Agrawala Univ. of Maryland, College Park Univ. of Maryland, College ParkView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 20Issue 11Nov. 1977 pp 820–822https://doi.org/10.1145/359863.359882Published:01 November 1977Publication History 59citation927DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations59Total Downloads927Last 12 Months55Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Transient and intensive pharmacological immunosuppression fails to improve AAV-based liver gene transfer in non-human primates (2012)

These results indicate that our transient and intensive pharmacological immunosuppression fails to improve AAV5-based liver gene transfer in non-human primates. The reasons include an incomplete restraint of humoral immune responses to viral capsids that interfere with repeated gene transfer in addition to an intriguing MMF-dependent drug-mediated interference with liver transgene expression.