gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Alkyl-Monolayer Modified Si(111) in the Presence of Water (2007)

Fundamental electronic properties of methyl-modified n-Si(111) interfaces created by the displacement of on surface by the methyl group from Grignard reagents (; or , R = methyl) were measured in the presence and absence of water. The presence of water played a significant role in determining the behavior of the devices. The structure of /methyl monolayer/ was not rectifying but only consisted of series resistances. On the other hand, a diode-like rectifying property was observed with the water/methyl layers/ heterojunction structure. Functionalization of surfaces with various alkyl moieties such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and mixed methyl/propyl, was studied by electrochemical measurements performed in a mixture of and by surface characterization with synchrotron radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The transistor characteristics of field effect transistor-like devices with water/alkyl/ gate structures were investigated. The device properties clearly depended on the alkyl moiety: transistor-like behavior was observed only for devices with methyl moiety, and for those with a mixed methyl-propyl monolayer prepared by using Grignard reagents with mixed methyl and propyl moieties, whereas no transistor-like behavior was observed for devices with butyl or ethyl moiety.
alphavbeta3 integrin expression and pinopod formation in normal and out-of-phase endometria of fertile and infertile women (2002)

There is a clear dissociation in the temporal expression of the most cited markers postulated to frame the window of implantation. The functional significance (if any) of these new markers remains to be established.
Small printed antennas with low cross-polarisedfields (1997)

A novel shorted patch configuration is presented that significantly reduces the cross-polarised fields generated. The cross-polarised fields have been measured at more than 20 dB below the co-polar levels. The new balanced shorted patch is approximately a quarter-wavelength in size and has a bandwidth comparable to a conventional microstrip patch antenna.
IRON file systems (2005)

Commodity file systems trust disks to either work or fail completely, yet modern disks exhibit more complex failure modes. We suggest a new fail-partial failure model for disks, which incorporates realistic localized faults such as latent sector errors and block corruption. We then develop and apply a novel failure-policy fingerprinting framework, to investigate how commodity file systems react to a range of more realistic disk failures. We classify their failure policies in a new taxonomy that measures their Internal RObustNess (IRON) , which includes both failure detection and recovery techniques. We show that commodity file system failure policies are often inconsistent, sometimes buggy, and generally inadequate in their ability to recover from partial disk failures. Finally, we design, implement, and evaluate a prototype IRON file system, Linux ixt3, showing that techniques such as in-disk checksumming, replication, and parity greatly enhance file system robustness while incurring minimal time and space overheads.
A theoretic analysis of the effect of pulmonary vasodilation on pulmonary venous pressure: implications for inhaled nitric oxide therapy. (1996)

Pulmonary vasodilation by itself can lead to an increase in pulmonary venous pressure that is mediated by shifts of blood between arterial and venous compartments of the pulmonary bed. Furthermore, impairment in ventricular contractile state by itself has relatively little effect on pulmonary venous pressure. The magnitude of the increase in pulmonary venous pressure is largely determined by the volume status and the initial value of pulmonary vascular resistance.
Role of the 5.8S rRNA in ribosome translocation (1997)

Studies on the inhibition of protein synthesis by specific anti 5.8S rRNA oligonucleotides have suggested that this RNA plays an important role in eukaryotic ribosome function. Mutations in the 5. 8S rRNA can inhibit cell growth and compromise protein synthesis in vitro . Polyribosomes from cells expressing these mutant 5.8S rRNAs are elevated in size and ribosome-associated tRNA. Cell free extracts from these cells also are more sensitive to antibiotics which act on the 60S ribosomal subunit by inhibiting elongation. The extracts are especially sensitive to cycloheximide and diphtheria toxin which act specifically to inhibit translocation. Studies of ribosomal proteins show no reproducible changes in the core proteins, but reveal reduced levels of elongation factors 1 and 2 only in ribosomes which contain large amounts of mutant 5.8S rRNA. Polyribosomes from cells which are severely inhibited, but contain little mutant 5.8S rRNA, do not show the same reductions in the elongation factors, an observation which underlines the specific nature of the change. Taken together the results demonstrate a defined and critical function for the 5.8S rRNA, suggesting that this RNA plays a role in ribosome translocation.
Research on the liquid crystal adaptive optics system for human retinal imaging (2013)

The blood vessels only in Human eye retinal can be observed directly. Many diseases that are not obvious in their early symptom can be diagnosed through observing the changes of distal micro blood vessel. In order to obtain the high resolution human retinal images,an adaptive optical system for correcting the aberration of the human eye was designed by using the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and the Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator(LCLSM) .For a subject eye with 8m<sup>-1</sup> (8D)myopia, the wavefront error is reduced to 0.084 &lambda; PV and 0.12 &lambda;RMS after adaptive optics(AO) correction ,which has reached diffraction limit.The results show that the LCLSM based AO system has the ability of correcting the aberration of the human eye efficiently,and making the blurred photoreceptor cell to clearly image on a CCD camera.
Nicotinic receptor stimulation protects neurons against β‐amyloid toxicity (1997)

beta-Amyloid (A beta), a major constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), is thought to contribute to the neurodegeneration. We examined the effects of nicotinic receptor agonists on A beta cytotoxicity in cultured rat cortical neurons. The number of viable neurons decreased significantly when cultures were exposed to synthetic A beta peptides (25-35). Concomitant administration of nicotine with A beta markedly reduced the number of dead cells. This nicotine-induced neuroprotection was dependent on the concentration. When hexamethonium or mecamylamine, nicotinic antagonist, was added, neuroprotective effect of nicotine was blocked, which indicates that effect of nicotine was mediated by nicotinic receptors. In addition, a selective alpha7-receptor antagonist, alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX), blocked the neuroprotective effect of nicotine. Furthermore, incubation with 3-(2,4)-dimethoxybenzylidene anabaseine (DMXB), a selective alpha7-receptor agonist, protected against A beta-induced neuronal death. These results suggest that alpha7-receptor activation plays an important role in neuroprotection against A beta cytotoxicity. This study suggests that nicotinic receptor stimulation, especially alpha7-receptor activation, may be able to protect neurons from degeneration induced by A beta and may have effects that counter the progress of AD.
Full digital High Frequency Surface Wave Radar: French trials in the biscay bay (2008)

Assessment of actual detection capabilities obtained with high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) is a key issue for the global surveillance of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). ONERA (The French Aerospace Lab) has just finished a ten month trial cycle of its new full digital HFSWR system. This system uses digital signal generation, digital receivers, high computational power workstations and low power transmitters. All results extracted from the trial database are compliant with the theory in particular concerning sea clutter and ionospheric clutter. Moreover, the detection of vessels up to 170 km and aircrafts up to 75 km (results obtained with cooperative targets and ground truth data) shows the over the horizon capabilities of the system. Finally, clutter reduction prospects are also presented.
Cloning, Chromosomal Localization, and RNA Expression of a Human β Chemokine Receptor-Like Gene (1995)

A human cDNA encoding a putative G protein-coupled receptor designated chemokine beta receptor-like 1 (CMKBRL1) was isolated from an eosinophilic leukemia library. Its deduced sequence is approximately 40% identical to previously cloned receptors for the beta chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), RANTES, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which are chemoattractants for blood leukocytes, and is 83% identical to the product of the orphan rat cDNA RBS 11. Like the MIP-1 alpha/RANTES receptor, CMK-BRL1 is encoded by a small, single-copy gene that maps to chromosome 3p21 and is expressed in leukocytes. However, two screening assays with a broad panel of chemokines failed to identify its ligand. CMKBRL1 mRNA was detectable by Northern blot hybridization in neutrophils and monocytes, but not eosinophils, and was also found in eight solid organs that were tested with particularly high expression in brain. The RNA distribution of the known beta chemokine receptors was overlapping but distinct from that of CMKBRL1. MIP-1 alpha/RANTES receptor mRNA was detectable in neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and in all eight solid organs tested, with particularly high expression in placenta, lung, and liver. MCP-1 receptor mRNA was found in monocytes, lung, liver, and pancreas. These results suggest that the ligand for the putative CMKBRL1 receptor is a beta chemokine that targets both neutrophils and monocytes. Moreover, the RNA distributions suggest that CMKBRL1, the MIP-1 alpha/RANTES receptor, and the MCP-1 receptor may have both overlapping and distinct biological roles.
Characterizing the adhesion of motile and nonmotile Escherichia coli to a glass surface using a parallel‐plate flow chamber (2002)

A parallel-plate flow chamber was used to measure the attachment and detachment rates of Escherichia coli to a glass surface at various fluid velocities. The effect of flagella on adhesion was investigated by performing experiments with several E. coli strains: AW405 (motile); HCB136 (nonmotile mutant with paralyzed flagella); and HCB137 (nonmotile mutant without flagella). We compared the total attachment rates and the fraction of bacteria retained on the surface to determine how the presence and movement of the flagella influence transport to the surface and adhesion strength in this dynamic system. At the lower fluid velocities, there was no significant difference in the total attachment rates for the three bacterial strains; nonmotile strains settled at a rate that was of the same order of magnitude as the diffusion rate of the motile strain. At the highest fluid velocity, the effect of settling was minimized to better illustrate the importance of motility, and the attachment rates of both nonmotile strains were approximately five times slower than that of the motile bacteria. Thus, different processes controlled the attachment rate depending on the parameter regime in which the experiment was performed. The fractions of motile bacteria retained on the glass surface increased with increasing velocity, whereas the opposite trend was found for the nonmotile strains. This suggests that the rotation of the flagella enables cells to detach from the surface (at the lower fluid velocities) and strengthens adhesion (at higher fluid velocities), whereas nonmotile cells detach as a result of shear. There was no significant difference in the initial attachment rates of the two nonmotile species, which suggests that merely the presence of flagella was not important in this stage of biofilm development.
HORMONES AND GENE EXPRESSION (1981)

Conference Abstract| April 01 1981 HORMONES AND GENE EXPRESSION J. R. Tata J. R. Tata 1National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1981) 9 (2): 110P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009110p Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. R. Tata; HORMONES AND GENE EXPRESSION. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1981; 9 (2): 110P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009110p Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1981 Biochemical Society1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Building a Reactive Immune System for Software Services (2004)

We propose a new approach for reacting to a wide variety of software failures, ranging from remotely exploitable vulnerabilities to more mundane bugs that cause abnormal program termination (e.g., illegal memory dereference). Our emphasis is in creating 'self-healing' software that can protect itself against a recurring fault until a more comprehensive fix is applied. Our system consists of a set of sensors that monitor applications for various types of failure and an instruction-level emulator that is invoked for selected parts of a program's code. Use of such an emulator allows us to predict recurrences of faults, and recover program execution to a safe control flow. Using the emulator for small pieces of code, as directed by the sensors, allows us to minimize the performance impact on the immunized application. We discuss the overall system architecture and a prototype implementation for the x86 platform. We evaluate the efficacy of our approach against a range of attacks and other software failures and investigate its performance impact on several server-type applications. We conclude that our system is effective in preventing the recurrence of a wide variety of software failures at a small performance cost.
A multidimensional shrinkage-thresholding operator (2009)

The scalar shrinkage-thresholding operator (SSTO) is a key ingredient of many modern statistical signal processing algorithms including: sparse inverse problem solutions, wavelet denoising, and JPEG2000 image compression. In these applications, it is customary to select the threshold of the operator by solving a scalar sparsity penalized quadratic optimization. In this work, we present a natural multidimensional extension of the scalar shrinkage thresholding operator. Similarly to the scalar case, the threshold is determined by the minimization of a convex quadratic form plus an euclidean penalty, however, here the optimization is performed over a domain of dimension N ges 1. The solution to this convex optimization problem is called the multidimensional shrinkage threshold operator (MSTO). The MSTO reduces to the standard SSTO in the special case of N = 1. In the general case of N > 1 the optimal MSTO threshold can be found by a simple convex line search. We present three illustrative applications of the MSTO in the context of non-linear regression: l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -penalized linear regression, Group LASSO linear regression and Group LASSO logistic regression.
LIGHT, a TNF-Like Molecule, Costimulates T Cell Proliferation and Is Required for Dendritic Cell-Mediated Allogeneic T Cell Response (2000)

LIGHT is a recently identified member of the TNF superfamily and its receptors, herpesvirus entry mediator and lymphotoxin beta receptor, are found in T cells and stromal cells. In this study, we demonstrate that LIGHT is selectively expressed on immature dendritic cells (DCs) generated from human PBMCs. In contrast, LIGHT is not detectable in DCs either freshly isolated from PBMCs or rendered mature in vitro by LPS treatment. Blockade of LIGHT by its soluble receptors, lymphotoxin beta receptor-Ig or HVEM-Ig, inhibits the induction of DC-mediated primary allogeneic T cell response. Furthermore, engagement of LIGHT costimulates human T cell proliferation, amplifies the NF-kappaB signaling pathway, and preferentially induces the production of IFN-gamma, but not IL-4, in the presence of an antigenic signal. Our results suggest that LIGHT is a costimulatory molecule involved in DC-mediated cellular immune responses.
An in vitro model of hepatitis C virion production (2005)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide. The understanding of the viral life cycle has been hampered by the lack of a satisfactory cell culture system. The development of the HCV replicon system has been a major advance, but the system does not produce virions. In this study, we constructed an infectious HCV genotype 1b cDNA between two ribozymes that are designed to generate the exact 5' and 3' ends of HCV. A second construct with a mutation in the active site of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) was generated as a control. The HCV-ribozyme expression construct was transfected into Huh7 cells. Both HCV structural and nonstructural proteins were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. RNase protection assays showed positive- and negative-strand HCV RNA. Sequence analysis of the 5' and 3' ends provided further evidence of viral replication. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the culture medium revealed colocalization of HCV RNA and structural proteins in a fraction with the density of 1.16 g/ml, the putative density of HCV virions. Electron microscopy showed viral particles of approximately 50 nm in diameter. The level of HCV RNA in the culture medium was as high as 10 million copies per milliliter. The HCV-ribozyme construct with the inactivating mutation in the RdRp did not show evidence of viral replication, assembly, and release. This system supports the production and secretion of high-level HCV virions and extends the repertoire of tools available for the study of HCV biology.
Polymer blends near patterned surfaces (2000)

The complicated density profiles exhibited by compressible binary polymer blends near patterned surfaces in the one-phase region are studied employing the analytic density functional-self-consistent field theory. The density patterns are explained on the basis of the competing influences of the correlation lengths for composition and density fluctuations, the pattern spacing, and the interfacial density profiles at abrupt changes in the surface interaction. The length scale for the in-plane interfacial profiles is determined primarily by the correlation length for composition fluctuations, with the correlation length for density fluctuations exerting rather a small influence. However, the magnitude of the surface segregation depends on both correlation lengths, the pattern dimensions, and the surface–polymer potentials.
Supercharging Proteins Can Impart Unusual Resilience (2007)

The creation and application of proteins with desirable properties would benefit significantly from strategies to reduce the problem of protein aggregation. Here we demonstrate “supercharging” the surface of three disparate proteins to alter their net charge by as much as 55 charge units, without destroying protein folding or function. These supercharged variants acquire unusual resistance to aggregation and, unlike their natural counterparts, can refold and function even after boiling. Our findings demonstrate an approach to increasing protein robustness, suggest surprisingly broad, untapped plasticity at protein surfaces, and may help explain the modest net-charge distribution of natural proteins.
Stable incorporation of a bacterial gene into adult rat skeletal muscle in vivo (1990)

We have developed a novel technique to incorporate and stably express foreign genes in adult rat skeletal muscle in vivo. Endogeneous satellite cells in skeletal muscle regenerating from bupivacaine damage were infected with an injected retrovirus containing the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene under the promoter control of the Moloney murine leukemia virus long-terminal repeat. Constitutive and stable expression of beta-galactosidase activity was observed in muscle fibers after 6 days and 1 mo of muscle regeneration. Two patterns of expression were observed, diffuse expression within fibers and focal expression associated with the sarcolemma. This technique will allow future experiments with muscle-specific genes and promoters to study the physiological regulation of skeletal muscle gene expression in the intact adult mammal. Furthermore, the technique of stimulating stem cell proliferation to allow retroviral-mediated gene transfer may be generally applicable to other tissues.
배출권 거래제상 법인세 과세에 관한 비교법 연구 (2013)

온실가스 배출량을 감축하기 위한 정책수단으로 도입된 배출권 거래제가 본격적인 시행을 앞두고 있다. 시장 친화적 환경정책수단으로서 배출권 거래제는 배출권이라는 새로운 거래대상과 거래시장의 창설을 통해 온실가스감축이란 환경목적을 달성하는 제도이다. 본 연구는 이러한 배출권 거래제의 시행에 따라 발생할 수 있는 법인세 과세문제를 비교법 연구 방법론을 사용하여 조사·분석하고 정책적 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. 이러한 연구목적을 위해 배출권 거래제의 기본구조와 등장배경을 살펴본다. 또한 배출권의 법인세법상 과세처리의 논리적 전제로서 배출권의 법적성격을 배출권 거래제의 특성과 환경규제의 재산권 부여 문제 및 비교법 연구를 통해 분석한다. 배출권의 법적성격을 확정하고 이를 바탕으로 세법상 배출권의 취급상황을 검토한다. 그리고 법인세법상 배출권의 처리에 관한 문제점과 개선방안을 분석하는데, 이에는 배출권의 취득가액 결정에 관한 접근방식과 이에 따른 익금 및 손금산입 방식을 포함하여 논의한다. 다음으로 탄소배출 감축사업에 따라 취득한 배출권의 익금 및손금 산입문제를 검토하고 창설 취득한 배출권의 취득가액 산정문제도 함께 논의한다. 마지막으로 이러한 각 쟁점에 대한 미국과 EU의 법제와 과세실무상 처리방안을 검토하여 향후 배출권 거래제의 시행에서 발생할 수 있는 과세문제에 대한 합리적인 정책적 방향을 제시한다.
[Glomerulonephropathy associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection]. (1990)

Forty-seven renal biopsies of glomerulonephropathy with persistent Australian antigenaemia (HBsAg is mostly positive) were studied with light microscope, electron microscope and direct immunofluorescence. Immunohistochemical method (ABC method) was used to examine HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAg deposits in renal tissue. In addition 20 cases of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN) were studied for comparison. These 47 cases included 19 children and 28 adults. The results indicated that Australian antigens diffusely deposited in glomeruli in 14 cases (29.7%), with HBsAg in 7 cases (50.0%), HBeAg in 13 cases (92.8%) and HBcAg in 2 cases (14.3%). The 14 positive cases included 11 children and 3 adults. The pathologic types were membranous nephropathy in 12 and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 2 cases. The membranous type was characterized by irregular thickening of capillary wall and double contour, bubble-like appearance and spike formation of glomerular basement membrane (GBM); immune complexes and electron dense deposits may be present in different sites of glomeruli. Coarse granular deposits of IgG and C3 along GBM were the principal pattern, but IgA, IgM and C1q were often present. Among the 20 idiopathic MN, 2 were found to have HBeAg deposition along GBM, one was a child and the other an adult IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C1q with HBeAg deposits were present in glomeruli.