gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Description of the Cedar Language (1983)

The Cedar language is a programming language derived from Mesa, which in turn is derived from Pascal. It is meant to be used for a wide variety of programming tasks, ranging from low level systems software to large applications. In addition to the sequential control constructs, static type checking and structured types of Pascal, and the modules, exception handling, and concurrency control constructs of Mesa, Cedar also has garbage collection, dynamic types, and a limited form of type parameterization. This report describes the Cedar language. Except for chapter 2, it is written strictly in the style of a reference manual, not a tutorial. Furthermore, it describes the entire language, including a number of obsolete constructs and historical accidents. Hence it tells much more than you probably want to know. A summary of the safe language and comments throughout the manual suggest which constructs should be preferred for new programs.
Validity and Responsiveness of the Knee Society Clinical Rating System in Comparison with the SF-36 and WOMAC (2001)

There is a poor correlation among the items of the Knee Society Clinical Rating System, but the rating system has adequate convergent construct validity. The WOMAC and SF-36 are more responsive measures of outcome of total knee arthroplasty. As they are less labor-intensive for researchers to use and as use of these instruments removes observer bias from the study design, they are preferable for knee arthroplasty outcome studies.
Interprocess communication for distributed robotics (1987)

Robot tasks have come to demand flexible sensory-based "intelligent" behavior. The single robot has given way to multiple robots cooperating in three-dimensional dynamic environments which allow them to accomplish complex and intricate tasks. Because of the complex nature of the tasks performed, centralized control is no longer practical; workcells have become centers of distributed computing. This motivates the need for an interprocess communication (IPC) facility which would integrate the individual elements both within and between workcells. A survey of IPC is presented in the context of distributed robotics. To make the survey more meaningful, it is introduced by some remarks about general approaches to communication within a distributed computing environment. A discussion of the main IPC design issues for distributed robotics is included.
From Layered Double Hydroxide to Spinel Nanostructures:  Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoplatelets and Nanorods (2006)

Mg-Al spinel (MgAl2O4) nanorods and nanoplatelets transformed from Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (Mg-Al-LDHs) were synthesized via a combined hydrothermal method and calcination route using Al(NO3).9H2O and Mg(NO3)2.6H2O as raw materials. The nanorods and nanoplatelets were characterized by means of physical techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microcopy (HRTEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), thermogravimetric (TG), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. XRD patterns reveal that the Mg-Al-LDHs nanostructures were obtained under a hydrothermal reaction temperature of 200 degrees C and Mg-Al spinel nanostructures were fabricated via calcination of the Mg-Al-LDHs nanostructures at 750 degrees C. It can be seen from TEM that the sizes of the Mg-Al-LDHs nanoplatelets were about 20-40 nm and the diameters of the MgAl2O4 nanorods were ca. 6 nm. The HRTEM images indicate that the crystal lattice spaces of the MgAl2O4 nanorods and nanoplatelets are 0.282 and 0.287 nm, respectively.
Electron Tunneling in Proteins: Coupling Through a β Strand (1995)

Electron coupling through a beta strand has been investigated by measurement of the intramolecular electron-transfer (ET) rates in ruthenium-modified derivatives of the beta barrel blue copper protein Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin. Surface histidines, introduced on the methionine-121 beta strand by mutagenesis, were modified with a Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)2(imidazole)2+ complex. The Cu+ to Ru3+ rate constants yielded a distance-decay constant of 1.1 per angstrom, a value close to the distance-decay constant of 1.0 per angstrom predicted for electron tunneling through an idealized beta strand. Activationless ET rate constants in combination with a tunneling-pathway analysis of the structures of azurin and cytochrome c confirm that there is a generally efficient network for coupling the internal (native) redox center to the surface of both proteins.
Modified light field architecture for reconfigurable multimode imaging (2009)

Light field cameras can simultaneously capture the spatial location and angular direction of light rays emanating from a scene. By placing a variable bandpass filter in the aperture of a light field camera, we demonstrate the ability to multiplex the visible spectrum over this captured angular dimension. The result is a novel design for a single-snapshot multispectral imager, with digitally reconstructed images exhibiting reduced spatial resolution proportional to the number of captured spectral channels. This paper explores the effect of this spatial-spectral resolution tradeoff on camera design. It also examines the concept of utilizing a non-uniform pinhole array to achieve varying spectral and spatial capture over the extent of the sensor. Images are presented from several different light field - variable bandpass filter designs, and limitations and sources of error are discussed.
Multimedia Networking Techniques to Enhance Communications Survivability (1985)

The distribution of C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> processing for increased survivability has created the need for more robust networks to support the associated C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> communications requirements in highly stressed environments. This paper discusses a multimedia network solution to this need in terms of the feasibility, protocol issues, implementation alternatives and performance of multimedia networking techniques. Various communications media including satellite, HF radio, meteor burst, and landline provide different but complementary types of levels of protection from communication threats. The integration of the various media into a single network composed of multimedia nodes and links would increase survivability by providing increased connectivity, alternative routes, alternative communication techniques as well as increased probability of reconstituting surviving islands of communications. The issues associated with designing a multimedia network to take full advantage of such potential survivability enhancements are discussed. Using results obtained through simulation and experiment, multimedia network performance is also discussed for both benign and stressed environments.
Emotional responses to music: The need to consider underlying mechanisms (2008)

Research indicates that people value music primarily because of the emotions it evokes. Yet, the notion of musical emotions remains controversial, and researchers have so far been unable to offer a satisfactory account of such emotions. We argue that the study of musical emotions has suffered from a neglect of underlying mechanisms. Specifically, researchers have studied musical emotions without regard to how they were evoked, or have assumed that the emotions must be based on the "default" mechanism for emotion induction, a cognitive appraisal. Here, we present a novel theoretical framework featuring six additional mechanisms through which music listening may induce emotions: (1) brain stem reflexes, (2) evaluative conditioning, (3) emotional contagion, (4) visual imagery, (5) episodic memory, and (6) musical expectancy. We propose that these mechanisms differ regarding such characteristics as their information focus, ontogenetic development, key brain regions, cultural impact, induction speed, degree of volitional influence, modularity, and dependence on musical structure. By synthesizing theory and findings from different domains, we are able to provide the first set of hypotheses that can help researchers to distinguish among the mechanisms. We show that failure to control for the underlying mechanism may lead to inconsistent or non-interpretable findings. Thus, we argue that the new framework may guide future research and help to resolve previous disagreements in the field. We conclude that music evokes emotions through mechanisms that are not unique to music, and that the study of musical emotions could benefit the emotion field as a whole by providing novel paradigms for emotion induction.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorous Reverse Phase Silica Gel. A New Tool for Preparative Separations in Synthetic Organic and Organofluorine Chemistry (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An inhibitor of mTOR reduces neoplasia and normalizes p70/S6 kinase activity inPten+/−mice (2001)

PTEN phosphatase acts as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. It is unclear which downstream components of this pathway are necessary for oncogenic transformation. In this report we show that transformed cells of PTEN(+/-) mice have elevated levels of phosphorylated Akt and activated p70/S6 kinase associated with an increase in proliferation. Pharmacological inactivation of mTOR/RAFT/FRAP reduced neoplastic proliferation, tumor size, and p70/S6 kinase activity, but did not affect the status of Akt. These data suggest that p70/S6K and possibly other targets of mTOR contribute significantly to tumor development and that inhibition of these proteins may be therapeutic for cancer patients with deranged PI3K signaling.
FoxM1B Is Overexpressed in Human Glioblastomas and Critically Regulates the Tumorigenicity of Glioma Cells (2006)

The transcription factor Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) is overexpressed in malignant glioma. However, the functional importance of this factor in human glioma is not known. In the present study, we found that FoxM1B was the predominant FoxM1 isoform expressed in human glioma but not in normal brain tissue. The level of FoxM1 protein expression in human glioma tissues was directly correlated with the glioma grade. The level of FoxM1 protein expression in human glioblastoma tissues was inversely correlated with patient survival. Enforced FoxM1B expression caused SW1783 and Hs683 glioma cells, which do not form tumor xenografts, to regain tumorigenicity in nude mouse model systems. Moreover, gliomas that arose from FoxM1B-transfected anaplastic astrocytoma SW1783 cells displayed glioblastoma multiforme phenotypes. Inhibition of FoxM1 expression in glioblastoma U-87MG cells suppressed their anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, we found that FoxM1 regulates the expression of Skp2 protein, which is known to promote degradation of the cell cycle regulator p27(Kip1). These results showed that FoxM1 is overexpressed in human glioblastomas and contributes to glioma tumorigenicity. Therefore, FoxM1 might be a new potential target of therapy for human malignant gliomas.
Attenuation and Absorption (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Tissue–Ultrasound Interaction Cross-Sections Theory of Mechanisms for the Absorption of Ultrasonic Longitudinal Waves Measurement of Attenuation and Absorption Coeffcients in Tissue Published Data on Attenuation and Absorption Coeffcients Conclusion References
A Common Presynaptic Locus for the Synaptic Changes Underlying Short-term Habituation and Sensitization of the Gill-withdrawal Reflex in Aplysia (1976)

It has recently become possible to study simple forms of behavior on a cellular level in certain higher invertebrates (Willows 1968; Kennedy et al. 1969; Krasne 1969; Kupfermann and Kandel 1969; Nicholls and Purves 1970; Zucker 1972; Kater and Frazier Rowell 1973; Kristan and Stent, this volume). The nervous systems of these animals (such as leeches, crayfish and opisthobranch molluscs) contain only about 106 cells, in contrast to the 1012 cells that make up the nervous systems of vertebrates. In fact, individual invertebrate ganglia containing only 1000–2000 cells can mediate several behavioral responses so that a single behavior may be controlled by a few hundred cells or even less. The nervous systems of these invertebrates are also advantageous because many nerve cells are large (100–1000 µm in diameter). Furthermore, some of these cells are so distinctive in position, appearance and physiological properties that they can be repeatedly identified in every...
A Lightweight, Robust P2P System to Handle Flash Crowds (2004)

An Internet flash crowd (also known as hot spots) is a phenomenon that results from a sudden, unpredicted increase in an on-line object's popularity. Currently, there is no efficient means within the Internet to deliver Web objects scalably under hot spot conditions to all clients that desire the object. We present peer-to-peer (P2P) randomized overlays to obviate flash-crowd symptoms (PROOFS), a simple, lightweight, P2P approach that uses randomized overlay construction and randomized, scoped searches to locate and deliver objects efficiently under heavy demand to all users that desire them. We evaluate PROOFS' robustness in environments in which clients join and leave the P2P network, as well as in environments in which clients are not always fully cooperative. Through a mix of simulation and prototype experimentation in the Internet, we show that randomized approaches like PROOFS should effectively relieve flash crowd symptoms in dynamic, limited-participation environments.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Induces Bcl-2 and Bcl-x Expression through NFκB Activation in Primary Hippocampal Neurons (1999)

Emerging data indicate that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) exerts a neuroprotective effect in response to brain injury. Here we examined the mechanism of TNF in preventing neuronal death in primary hippocampal neurons. TNF protected neurons against hypoxia- or nitric oxide-induced injury, with an increase in the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-x as determined by Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Treatment of neurons with an antisense oligonucleotide to bcl-2 mRNA or that to bcl-x mRNA blocked the up-regulation of Bcl-2 or Bcl-x expression, respectively, and partially inhibited the neuroprotective effect induced by TNF. Moreover, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Bcl-2 significantly inhibited hypoxia- or nitric oxide-induced neuronal death. To examine the possible involvement of a transcription factor, NFkappaB, in the regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x expression in TNF-treated neurons, an adenoviral vector capable of expressing a mutated form of IkappaB was used to infect neurons prior to TNF treatment. Expression of the mutant NFkappaB completely inhibited NFkappaB DNA binding activity and inhibited both TNF-induced up-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x expression and neuroprotective effect. These findings indicate that induction of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x expression through NFkappaB activation is involved in the neuroprotective action of TNF against hypoxia- or nitric oxide-induced injury.
Microstructure and Rheology of Thermoreversible Nanoparticle Gels (2006)

Naïve mode coupling theory is applied to particles interacting with short-range Yukawa attractions. Model results for the location of the gel line and the modulus of the resulting gels are reduced to algebraic equations capturing the effects of the range and strength of attraction. This model is then applied to thermo reversible gels composed of octadecyl silica particles suspended in decalin. The application of the model to the experimental system requires linking the experimental variable controlling strength of attraction, temperature, to the model strength of attraction. With this link, the model predicts temperature and volume fraction dependencies of gelation and modulus with five parameters: particle size, particle volume fraction, overlap volume of surface hairs, and theta temperature. In comparing model predictions with experimental results, we first observe that in these thermal gels there is no evidence of clustering as has been reported in depletion gels. One consequence of this observation is that there are no additional adjustable parameters required to make quantitative comparisons between experimental results and model predictions. Our results indicate that the naïve mode coupling approach taken here in conjunction with a model linking temperature to strength of attraction provides a robust approach for making quantitative predictions of gel mechanical properties. Extension of model predictions to additional experimental systems requires linking experimental variables to the Yukawa strength and range of attraction.
High Performance File I/O for The Blue Gene/L Supercomputer (2006)

Parallel I/O plays a crucial role for most data-intensive applications running on massively parallel systems like Blue Gene/L that provides the promise of delivering enormous computational capability. We designed and implemented a highly scalable parallel file I/O architecture for Blue Gene/L, which leverages the benefit of the hierarchical and functional partitioning design of the system software with separate computational and I/O cores. The architecture exploits the scalability aspect of GPFS (General Parallel File System) at the backend, while using MPI I/O as an interface between the application I/O and the file system. We demonstrate the impact of our high performance I/O solution for Blue Gene/L with a comprehensive evaluation that consists of a number of widely used parallel I/O benchmarks and I/O intensive applications. Our design and implementation is not only able to deliver at least one order of magnitude speed up in terms of I/O bandwidth for a real-scale application HOMME (achieving aggregate bandwidth of 1.8 GB/Sec and 2.3 GB/Sec for write and read accesses, respectively), but also supports high-level parallel I/O data interfaces such as parallel HDF5 and parallel NetCDF scaling up to a large number of processors.
Differential Phosphorylation of the Transcription Factor Oct1 During the Cell Cycle (1991)

Orderly progression through the somatic cell division cycle is accompanied by phase-specific transcription of a variety of different genes. During S phase, transcription of mammalian histone H2B genes requires a specific promoter element and its cognate transcription factor Oct1 (OTF1). A possible mechanism for regulating histone H2B transcription during the cell cycle is direct modulation of Oct1 activity by phase-specific posttranslational modifications. Analysis of Oct1 during progression through the cell cycle revealed a complex temporal program of phosphorylation. A p34cdc2-related protein kinase that is active during mitosis may be responsible for one mitotic phosphorylation of Oct1. However, the temporally controlled appearance of Oct1 phosphopeptides suggests the involvement of multiple kinases and phosphatases. These results support the idea that cell cycle-regulated transcription factors may be direct substrates for phase-specific regulatory enzymes.
Features of small intestinal pathology (epithelial cell kinetics, intraepithelial lymphocytes, disaccharidases) in a primary Giardia muris infection. (1982)

In an attempt to correlate host and parasite-related events occurring during the course of a primary Giardia infection in the mouse we have measured epithelial cell kinetics, enzymes, and intraepithelial lymphocytes at different stages of the infection. New methods were developed for the accurate measurement of parasite numbers and distribution within the gut. In jejunum a modest decrease in villus length and intraepithelial lymphocytes at week 1 preceded a pronounced disaccharidase deficiency at week 2, the time of maximum trophozoite numbers, whereas crypt lengthening and increased cell production became maximal at week 3. As trophozoite numbers fell the intraepithelial lymphocyte count and disaccharidase values rose. With the exception of the intraepithelial lymphocyte count, which followed the same pattern as in jejunum but two weeks later, the changes seen in the ileum were the opposite of those in jejunum, suggesting rapid ileal adaptation. The results indicate that the disaccharidase deficiency associated with giardiasis is likely to represent a direct effect of the parasite on the brush border rather than enterocyte immaturity, whereas the intraepithelial lymphocyte response reflects host immunity to the parasite. Profound adaptive changes occur throughout the small intestine in response to a relatively localised insult.
Wavelength trimming of a microring resonator filter by means of a UV sensitive polymer overlay (1999)

Trimming of the resonant wavelength of a vertically coupled glass microring resonator channel dropping filter with a photo-induced refractive index change in a dip coated polymer overlay is reported. The glass microring resonator has a radius of 19 μm, a free-spectral range of 10 nm, and a Q value of 800. The maximum wavelength shift observed is 9 nm, which is yielded through an absolute bulk index change in the polymer of 0.044. Trimming is a continuous function of exposure time and dose.
Attack and Release Time Constants in RMS-Based Feedback Compressors (1999)

Mathematical models for feedback and feedforward compressors are developed. A couple of possible configurations are explored: linear-output rms detector with linearly controlled VCA (linear-domain compressor) and logarithmic-output rms detector with exponentially controlled VCA (log-domain compressor). It is shown that the transfer functions of both configurations are equivalent. A formula for transforming the compression ratio of a log-domain compressor to that of a linear-domain compressor is derived. The differences between feedforward and feedback compressor configurations, with regard to time constants and performance, are considered.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide Complexation in Water. Sequence‐Selective Binding with Simple Dye Molecules. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multiplex nucleotide editing by high-fidelity Cas9 variants with improved efficiency in rice (2019)

We have engineered a diverse toolkit for efficient and precise genome engineering in rice, thus making genome editing for plant research and crop improvement more flexible.