gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unusual Isomerization Reactions in 1,3-Diaza-2-silacyclopentanes (2004)

The preparation of a doubly NH functional 1,3-diaza-2-silacyclopentane is reported. A new rearrangement of N-silylated diazasilacyclopentanes is described, and density functional calculations are used to predict a two-step reaction mechanism correlated with the experimental data.
Emerging strategies in microbial haem capture (2001)

Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria have evolved novel strategies to obtain iron from host haem-sequestering proteins. These include the production of specific outer membrane receptors that bind directly to host haem-sequestering proteins, secreted haem-binding proteins (haemophores) that bind haem/haemoglobin/haemopexin and deliver the complex to a bacterial cell surface receptor and bacterial proteases that degrade haem-sequestering proteins. Once removed from haem-sequestering proteins, haem may be transported via the bacterial outer membrane receptor into the cell. Recent studies have begun to define the steps by which haem is removed from bacterial haem proteins and transported into the cell. This review describes recent work on the discovery and characterization of these systems. Reference is also made to the transport of haem in serum (via haemoglobin, haemoglobin/haptoglobin, haemopexin, albumin and lipoproteins) and to mechanisms of iron removal from the haem itself (probably via a haem oxygenase pathway in which the protoporphyrin ring is degraded). Haem protein-receptor interactions are discussed in terms of the criteria that govern protein-protein interactions in general, and connections between haem transport and the emerging field of metal transport via metallochaperones are outlined.
Exogenous α-synuclein fibrils seed the formation of Lewy body-like intracellular inclusions in cultured cells (2009)

Cytoplasmic inclusions containing alpha-synuclein (alpha-Syn) fibrils, referred to as Lewy bodies (LBs), are the signature neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although alpha-Syn fibrils can be generated from recombinant alpha-Syn protein in vitro, the production of fibrillar alpha-Syn inclusions similar to authentic LBs in cultured cells has not been achieved. We show here that intracellular alpha-Syn aggregation can be triggered by the introduction of exogenously produced recombinant alpha-Syn fibrils into cultured cells engineered to overexpress alpha-Syn. Unlike unassembled alpha-Syn, these alpha-Syn fibrils "seeded" recruitment of endogenous soluble alpha-Syn protein and their conversion into insoluble, hyperphosphorylated, and ubiquitinated pathological species. Thus, this cell model recapitulates key features of LBs in human PD brains. Also, these findings support the concept that intracellular alpha-Syn aggregation is normally limited by the number of active nucleation sites present in the cytoplasm and that small quantities of alpha-Syn fibrils can alter this balance by acting as seeds for aggregation.
Performance of High-Reliability and High-Linearity InGaP/GaAs HBT PAs for Wireless Communication (2009)

An InGaP heterojunction-bipolar-transistor (HBT) power amplifier with the best linearity and high reliability is presented in this paper for use in wireless digital mobile communication systems. We optimized the linearity of a novel HBT device and investigated its reliability. Using SILVACO software, we performed a simulation of the HBT device. The best linearity, which was revealed for the device with a capacitance ratio C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bc</sub> (0/6 V), is 1.25 at a BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ceo</sub> of 22 V. After the device was fabricated, a reasonably high PAE, i.e., ~ 55%, was obtained at 2.0 GHz, and an adjacent channel power ratio of over -48 dBc was achieved. In the reliability testing, the device, which was stressed at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ce</sub> = 3 V and J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> = 25 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> under 85°C ambient temperature and 85% humidity, showed no failure for more than 1100 h. No significant beta degradation was observed under an extreme current J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> = 200 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> stress under wafer-level electrical/thermal overstress tests.
Monoclonal antibody MX35 detects the membrane transporter NaPi2b (SLC34A2) in human carcinomas. (2008)

Mouse monoclonal antibody MX35 was developed against ovarian cancer. The antibody showed homogeneous reactivity with approximately 90% of human ovarian epithelial cancers and with a limited number of normal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Although mAb MX35 has been used in a number of clinical trials in ovarian cancer, it has been difficult to define the molecular identity of MX35. We report here that mAb MX35 recognizes the sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2b (NaPi2b) in human cancer cells. This conclusion is based on several lines of experimental evidence, including 1) the identification of SLC34A2, the gene coding for NaPi2b, by immunoscreening an ovarian cancer cell line cDNA expression library with mAb MX35; 2) mass spectrometry sequencing of peptides obtained by fragmentation from mAb MX35 affinity-purified antigen, which show complete sequence homology to amino acid sequences in NaPi2b; 3) selective down-regulation of SLC34A2 gene expression by RNA interference and the resulting loss of mAb MX35 binding to MX35-expressing human cancer cells; and 4) the demonstration of specific mAb MX35 reactivity with recombinant fusion proteins and with synthetic peptides of the putative largest extracellular loop of NaPi2b. We further show that NaPi2b in cancer cells is expressed on the cell surface as a heavily N-glycosylated protein, with evidence of additional post-translational modifications such as palmitoylation and the formation of disulfide bridges in the major extracellular loop. Membrane transporter molecules, such as NaPi2b, represent a new family of potential cell surface targets for the immunotherapy of cancer with monoclonal antibodies.
Improving fiber optic gyroscope performance using asingle-frequency laser (2014)

The fiber optic gyroscope has become the most
commercially successful fiber sensor to date and has been deployed
in a variety of applications requiring high sensitivity, low noise
measurements of rotation rate. Yet despite this success,
traditional broadband source-driven gyroscopes have failed to reach
their ultimate potential as the primary rotation sensors for
inertial navigation applications  – such as guidance in airplanes
and ships  – being passed over in favor of more costly and
relatively more complicated technologies. Achieving the performance
levels necessary for these demanding applications using a broadband
source has proven challenging. To overcome these challenges, we
propose a simple but significant alteration to the standard
gyroscope configuration: replace the traditional broadband source
with a single-frequency laser. While initial experimental work on
fiber optic gyroscopes employed laser sources, researchers quickly
abandoned this approach following the discovery that a broadband
source could mitigate the deleterious effects of fiber
backscattering, as well as polarization and nonlinear effects. As a
result, a thorough analysis of these effects was never carried out.
We present a more robust analysis with particular focus on
backscattering and show that the induced noise and drift in a
laser-driven gyroscope can meet navigation-grade requirements.
Achieving this improvement requires careful selection of the laser
linewidth and phase modulation scheme. These performance gains
comes with the added benefit that a laser-driven gyroscope does not
suffer from source beating noise and high scale factor instability,
two limiting factors for broadband source-driven gyroscopes. We
present experimental results that verify our theoretical
predictions and compare the experimental performance of our
laser-driven gyroscope with a broadband source-driven
gyroscope.
Coexpression of complementary fragments of ClC-5 and restoration of chloride channel function in a Dent's disease mutation (2004)

The human hereditary disorder Dent's disease is linked to loss-of-function mutations of the chloride channel ClC-5. Many of these mutations involve insertion of premature stop codons, resulting in truncation of the protein. We determined whether the functional activity of ClC-5 could be restored by coexpression of the truncated protein (containing the NH2-terminal region) with its complementary "missing" COOH-terminal region. Split channel constructs for ClC-5, consisting of complementary N and C protein regions, were created at an arbitrary site in the COOH-terminal region (V655) and at four Dent's disease mutation sites (R347, Y617, R648, and R704). Coexpression of complementary fragments for the split channel at V655 produced currents with anion and pH sensitivity similar to those of wild-type ClC-5. Channel activity was similarly restored when complementary split channel constructs made for Dent's mutation R648 were coexpressed, but no ClC-5 currents were found when split channels for mutations R347, Y617, or R704 were coexpressed. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence studies of COS-7 cells revealed that N or C protein fragments could be transiently expressed and detected in the plasma membrane, even in split channels that failed to show functional activity. The results suggest that ClC-5 channel activity can be restored for specific Dent's mutations by expression of the missing portion of the ClC-5 molecule.
Differential Mortality by Measles Vaccine Titer and Sex (1993)

Mortality was evaluated in 1972 children who had received measles vaccines at 6-11 months of age that were 10-fold (medium titer) or 100-fold (high titer) greater than standard titer. Mortality among boys did not differ by vaccine titer and was similar to mortality in children who received standard-titer vaccine. Girl recipients of high-titer vaccine had somewhat greater mortality than girls who received medium-titer vaccine (risk ratio = 1.71, 95% confidence interval = 0.91-3.24). Increased mortality was associated with high-titer vaccine for girls but not for boys (P = .04). There was no evidence of selection bias or preferential health care by sex that might explain the differential mortality. This mortality pattern has been noted in two other populations with high background infant and childhood mortality. The biologic basis for this effect on mortality has not been determined. Data from this and other studies have resulted in discontinuation of the use of high-titer measles vaccines.
Potent Inducers of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides for Host Directed Therapy of Infections (2016)

A new concept for treatment of infections is induction of our own antimicrobial peptides and the presented novel class of inducer, aroylated phenylenediamines (APDs), gives up to 20 to 30-fold induction of the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37, in vitro. In addition, oral administration of an APD in a rabbit model of Shigellosis resulted in recovery from the infection in a few days implying that APD's are promising candidates for treatment of infections.
Institutional reform in transport - case study : Uruguayan railways (1989)

The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the Uruguayan railways. This report first looks at the transport sector as a whole, giving a history performance of the sector. It then describes the changes that have occurred in the railway sector and the actions taken to implement these changes. This includes reduction of passenger services and closure of lines, a medium and long term strategy, tariff freedom, freight priority, reduced passenger services, privatization, and organizational changes. The report also has a section on labor reassignment followed by a section giving the evaluation results of the changes and reform of the sector.
Vascular occlusion with a balloon-expandable stent occluder. (1994)

This new occlusive device offers immediate vascular occlusion with excellent stability.
Long‐term individual housing in C57BL/6J and DBA/2 mice: assessment of behavioral consequences (2004)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of individual housing on mouse behavior. The male mice of the C57BL/6J and DBA/2 strains were separated at the age of 4 weeks and kept in individual housing for 7 weeks until behavioral testing began. Their behavior was compared to the group-housed mice in a battery of tests during the following 7 weeks. The single-housed mice were hyperactive and displayed reduced habituation in the tests assessing activity and exploration. Reduced anxiety was established in the elevated plus-maze, but an opposite effect was observed in the dark-light (DL) and hyponeophagia tests. Immobility in the forced swimming test was reduced by social isolation. The DBA mice displayed higher anxiety-like behavior than the B6 mice in the plus-maze and DL exploration test, but hyponeophagia was reduced in the DBA mice. Moreover, all effects of individual housing on the exploratory and emotional behavior were more evident in the DBA than in the B6 mice. Novel object recognition and fear conditioning (FC) were significantly impaired in the single-housed mice, whereas water-maze (WM) learning was not affected. Marked strain differences were established in all three learning tests. The B6 mice performed better in the object recognition and FC tasks. Initial spatial learning in the WM was faster and memory retention slightly enhanced in the B6 mice. The DBA mice displayed lower preference to the new and enhanced preference to the old platform location than the B6 mice after reversal learning in the WM. We conclude that individual housing has strong strain- and test-specific effects on emotional behavior and impairs memory in certain tasks.
Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate-Dependent Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Cumulus Cells Is Essential for Germinal Vesicle Breakdown of Porcine Cumulus-Enclosed Oocytes (2005)

MAPK plays an important role during meiotic maturation in mammalian oocytes, whereas the necessity of MAPK during meiotic resumption in porcine oocytes is still controversial. Here, by applying the method of ultracentrifugation to move the opaque lipid droplets to the edge of the oocyte, therefore allowing clear visualization of porcine germinal vesicles, oocytes just before germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and those that had just undergone GVBD were selected for the assay of MAPK activation. Our results showed that phosphorylation of MAPK in oocytes occurred after GVBD in all three different culture models: spontaneous maturation model, inhibition-induction maturation model, and normal maturation model. Moreover, we found that activation of MAPK in cumulus cells but not in oocytes was essential for GVBD in cumulus-enclosed oocytes. Then the cross-talk between cAMP and MAPK in cumulus cells was investigated by using cell-type-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzyme inhibitors. Our results showed that PDE3 subtype existed in oocytes, whereas PDE4 subtype existed in cumulus cells. PDE3 inhibitor prevented meiotic resumption of oocytes, whereas PDE4 inhibitor enhanced the ability of FSH or forskolin to activate MAPK in cumulus cells. We propose that increased cAMP resulting from inhibition of PDE3 in oocytes blocks GVBD, whereas increased cAMP resulting from inhibition of PDE4 activates MAPK pathway in cumulus cells, which is essential for GVBD induction.
Rhabdocline parkeri, a ubiquitous foliar endophyte of Douglas-fir (1986)

Rhabdocline parkeri n. sp. (Hemiphacideaceae) is described, together with its sporodochial anamorph, Meria parkeri n. sp. Rhabdocline parkeri occurs as localized endophytic infections of living Douglas-fir needles, fruiting primarily on senescent, galled, or dead needles. It is ubiquitous in western Oregon, occurring on essentially all trees sampled in an extensive survey of Douglas-fir needle endophytes, and has been recorded from Washington and northern California.
Photochemical synthesis of benzo[f]quinolines (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical synthesis of benzo[f]quinolinesNicholas R. Beller, Douglas C. Neckers, and Eleftherios P. PapadopoulosCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 22, 3514–3518Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00442a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (708 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Enzyme immobilization: an overview on techniques and support materials (2012)

The current demands of the world's biotechnological industries are enhancement in enzyme productivity and development of novel techniques for increasing their shelf life. These requirements are inevitable to facilitate large-scale and economic formulation. Enzyme immobilization provides an excellent base for increasing availability of enzyme to the substrate with greater turnover over a considerable period of time. Several natural and synthetic supports have been assessed for their efficiency for enzyme immobilization. Nowadays, immobilized enzymes are preferred over their free counterpart due to their prolonged availability that curtails redundant downstream and purification processes. Future investigations should endeavor at adopting logistic and sensible entrapment techniques along with innovatively modified supports to improve the state of enzyme immobilization and provide new perspectives to the industrial sector.
Skyrme-Hartree-Fock in the realm of nuclear mean field models (2000)

Introduction Nuclear mean fin, models have become in the past three decades a standard tool for the microscopic description of nuclear structure and (low-energy) dynamics. The most widely used three variants are the SHF, 1) the RMF 2) and the Gogny force. 3) These models all employ e#ective interactions tuned to perform well in connection with a mean fian treatment much similar to the usage of e#ective energy density functionals in electronic systems. 4) Due to lacking knowledge from nuclear many-body theory the nuclear e#ective forces are fie ted phenomenologically. With about 7--10 adjusted parameters one can achieve a very good description of stable nuclei from 16 O up to the heaviest elements. 2,5--9) Steadily improving experimental facilities have given access to new data from exotic nuclei which provide new testing ground for these effe
Bioreactor for the Long-Term Culture of Lung Tissue (2010)

In this article we describe the design and validation of a bioreactor for the in vitro culture of whole rodent lung tissue. Many current systems only enable large segments of lung tissue to be studied ex vivo for up to a few hours in the laboratory. This limitation restricts the study of pulmonary biology in controlled laboratory settings, and also impacts the ability to reliably culture engineered lung tissues in the laboratory. Therefore, we designed, built, and validated a bioreactor intended to provide sufficient nutrient supply and mechanical stimulation to support cell survival and differentiation in cultured lung tissue. We also studied the effects of perfusion and ventilation on pulmonary cell survival and maintenance of cell differentiation state. The final bioreactor design described herein is capable of supporting the culture of whole native lung tissue for up to 1 week in the laboratory, and offers promise in the study of pulmonary biology and the development of engineered lung tissues in the laboratory.
The Role of Chemically Combined Oxygen in Biological Systems (1956)

Relationships of various forms of combined oxygen to microorganisms in biological systems; sanitary engineers are familiar with role of dissolved oxygen in stabilization of organic wastes by aerobic systems but little is known of role played by chemically combined oxygen in aerobic or anaerobic systems; chemically combined oxygen is more important to microorganisms than dissolved oxygen.
Tumorigenicity of the met proto-oncogene and the gene for hepatocyte growth factor. (1992)

The met proto-oncogene is the tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). It was previously shown that, like the oncogenic tpr-met, the mouse met proto-oncogene transforms NIH 3T3 cells. We have established NIH 3T3 cells stably expressing both human (Methu) and mouse (Metmu) met proto-oncogene products. The protein products are properly processed and appear on the cell surface. NIH 3T3 cells express endogenous mouse HGF/SF mRNA, suggesting an autocrine activation mechanism for transformation by Metmu. However, the tumor-forming activity of Methu in NIH 3T3 cells is very low compared with that of Metmu, but efficient tumorigenesis occurs when Methu and HGF/SFhu are coexpressed. These results are consistent with an autocrine transformation mechanism and suggest further that the endogenous murine factor inefficiently activates the tumorigenic potential of Methu. The tumorigenicity observed with reciprocal chimeric human and mouse receptors that exchange external ligand-binding domains supports this conclusion. We also show that HGF/SFhu expressed in NIH 3T3 cells produces tumors in nude mice.
In vitro radiation responses of human intracranial meningiomas & their modifications by 2-deoxy-D-glucose. (1990)

Radiation responses of 16 human intracranial meningiomas [hemangiopericyte, 4; fibrous, 4; transitional, 4; vascular, 3; and meningiothelial, 1] and their modifications by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) have been studied in vitro using organ cultures derived from post-operative tumour specimens. Treatment induced cytogenetic damage viz., micronuclei formation and DNA content dispersion, were analysed as indices of the radiation damage. Results showed that the 60Co gamma ray induced micronuclei frequencies in meningiomas varied over a large range (0.7-6.2%). Presence of 2-DG (at equimolar concentration with glucose) for 4 h after irradiation, increased the radiation damage by a factor of up to 2.8 in nearly 70 per cent of the cases, although a decrease was observed in 20 per cent cases. These observations can be explained on the basis of the energy linked modulations of the competitive processes of repair and fixation of radiation induced DNA lesions. The results of the study suggest that the therapy of meningiomas could be improved by combining radiotherapy with administration of 2-DG.