gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Modeling of Microstrip Line to Substrate Integrated Waveguide Transitions (2010)

Microstrip lines (MSL) are widely used in microwave systems because of its low cost, light weight, and easy integration with other components. Substrate integrated waveguides (SIW), which inherit the advantages from traditional rectangular waveguides without their bulky configuration, aroused recently in low loss and high power planar applications. This chapter proposed the design and modeling of transitions between these two common structures. Research motives will be described firstly in the next subsection, followed by a literature survey on the proposed MSL to SIW transition structures. Outlines of the following sections in this chapter will also be given in the end of this section.
Single-photon sources: Approaching the ideal through multiplexing (2020)

We review the rapid recent progress in single-photon sources based on multiplexing multiple probabilistic photon-creation events. Such multiplexing allows higher single-photon probabilities and lower contamination from higher-order photon states. We study the requirements for multiplexed sources and compare various approaches to multiplexing using different degrees of freedom.
Ion Channels and Neuronal Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis (2002)

What causes the signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS)? It is almost axiomatic to regard MS as a demyelinating disorder in which axonal conduction block, caused by loss of myelin, produces clinical deficits. In addition, during the past few years, increased attention has focused on axonal degeneration in MS. The available evidence suggests that demyelination provides a structural correlate for relapsingremitting disease while axonal degeneration, which may be associated with atrophy of the brain and spinal cord, produces nonremitting deficits. Neurons, of course, are the ultimate
Microtesla MRI with a superconducting quantum interference device (2004)

MRI scanners enable fast, noninvasive, and high-resolution imaging of organs and soft tissue. The images are reconstructed from NMR signals generated by nuclear spins that precess in a static magnetic field B0 in the presence of magnetic field gradients. Most clinical MRI scanners operate at a magnetic field B0 = 1.5 T, corresponding to a proton resonance frequency of 64 MHz. Because these systems rely on large superconducting magnets, they are costly and demanding of infrastructure. On the other hand, low-field imagers have the potential to be less expensive, less confining, and more mobile. The major obstacle is the intrinsically low sensitivity of the low-field NMR experiment. Here, we show that prepolarization of the nuclear spins and detection with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) yield a signal that is independent of B0, allowing acquisition of high-resolution MRIs in microtesla fields. Reduction of the strength of the measurement field eliminates inhomogeneous broadening of the NMR lines, resulting in enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution for a fixed strength of the magnetic field gradients used to encode the image. We present high-resolution images of phantoms and other samples and T1-weighted contrast images acquired in highly inhomogeneous magnetic fields of 132 microT; here, T1 is the spin-lattice relaxation time. These techniques could readily be adapted to existing multichannel SQUID systems used for magnetic source imaging of brain signals. Further potential applications include low-cost systems for tumor screening and imaging peripheral regions of the body.
The safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil in patients with advanced HIV disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2001)

No virologic or immunologic benefit was observed when adefovir was added to background antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV disease, and adefovir was associated with considerable nephrotoxicity. This study does not support the use of adefovir for treatment of advanced HIV disease in pretreated patients.
Intranasal Monoclonal IgA Antibody to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Protects Rhesus Monkeys against Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (1996)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the major cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants, is thought to infect the upper airways before spreading to the lower respiratory tract. A rhesus monkey model of RSV infection after upper airway inoculation was used to test the protective effect of intranasal treatment with HNK20, a mouse monoclonal IgA antibody against RSV F glycoprotein. HNK20 was administered once daily for 2 days before RSV challenge and 4 days after challenge. Treatment with 0.5 mg/kg HNK20 reduced viral shedding in the nose, throat, and lungs by 3-4 log10/mL (P < or = .002). All monkeys developed RSV neutralizing antibody in serum, even in the absence of detectable viral replication. Neutralizing concentrations of monoclonal antibody remained in nasal secretions for > 1 day after treatment. These results suggest that nose-drop application of monoclonal antibody could provide convenient and effective protection against RSV infection in human infants at risk of severe lower respiratory tract disease.
Feasibility of opto-electronic surgical instrument identification (2009)

One essential precondition of workflow analysis in minimally invasive surgery is a continuous data inflow in real time, in particular on the instruments in use. However, reliable identification systems are missing to date. We developed an automatic identification system which detects and registers the individual instrument during insertion into the trocar. The system is based on an opto-electronic object detection system using barcode 2/5 interleaved (printed out vs. lasered) which is detected by a micro endoscopic camera and light device. Evaluation was performed in vitro (laparoscopic training simulator) and in vivo (animal experiment) on 5 mm and 10 mm instruments with different insertion velocities into the trocar (20/10/1 cm/sec.). Furthermore, registration accuracy with a 1 - 5 sec. barcode retention period was evaluated. The best results were achieved with a 5 sec. static retention period of the barcode in the camera focus with a printed barcode. Retention periods of less than 5 sec. and dynamic insertions led to a significant decline of the detection rate. Opto-electronic barcode registration could be a promising technology for an automatic instrument registration. Although not yet mature for clinical application, the introduced system showed reliable results under static conditions.
Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies of Brain Purines in Major Depression (2001)

Brain purine levels are low in female depressed patients who respond to treatment with fluoxetine, suggesting that response to treatment might be predicted by using 1H MRS. These observations also suggest that agents that increase brain adenosine levels may have antidepressant efficacy.
Learning nonstationary models of normal network traffic for detecting novel attacks (2002)

Traditional intrusion detection systems (IDS) detect attacks by comparing current behavior to signatures of known attacks. One main drawback is the inability of detecting new attacks which do not have known signatures. In this paper we propose a learning algorithm that constructs models of normal behavior from attack-free network traffic. Behavior that deviates from the learned normal model signals possible novel attacks. Our IDS is unique in two respects. First, it is nonstationary, modeling probabilities based on the time since the last event rather than on average rate. This prevents alarm floods. Second, the IDS learns protocol vocabularies (at the data link through application layers) in order to detect unknown attacks that attempt to exploit implementation errors in poorly tested features of the target software. On the 1999 DARPA IDS evaluation data set [9], we detect 70 of 180 attacks (with 100 false alarms), about evenly divided between user behavioral anomalies (IP addresses and ports, as modeled by most other systems) and protocol anomalies. Because our methods are unconventional there is a significant non-overlap of our IDS with the original DARPA participants, which implies that they could be combined to increase coverage.
Localization of antigenic sites on Der p 2 using oligonucleotide‐directed mutagenesis targeted to predicted surface residues (1997)

Using predictive algorithms, in the absence of tertiary structural information, we have been able to localize important B cell determinants on Der p 2. The results suggest that it is possible to modulate antibody recognition of allergens using site-directed mutagenesis and that this approach may provide a new strategy for allergen specific immunotherapy.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms of rRNA as Genetic Markers To Differentiate Chlamydia spp. (1993)

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of rRNA genes of Chlamydia spp. were analyzed. A Southern analysis of chromosomal DNA digests with cloned rRNA gene probes revealed the presence of one locus for rRNA genes on chromosomal DNAs in Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia pecorum, and Chlamydia pneumoniae and two loci in Chlamydia trachomatis. The RFLPs of rRNA genes were characteristic for each Chlamydia sp. DNA probes cloned from flanking regions of the rRNA genes of avian C. psittaci hybridized either with only C. psittaci or with only the avian and ovine abortion strains of C. psittaci. The RFLPs of rRNA genes and the flanking regions provide suitable genetic markers for differentiation of Chlamydia spp.
A modular and extensible network storage architecture (2021)

Most contemporary distributed file systems are not designed to be extensible. This work asserts that the lack of extensibility is a problem because: – New data types, such as continuous-medium data and structured data, are significantly different from conventional unstructured data, such as text and binary, that contemporary distributed file systems are built to support. – Value-adding clients can provide functional enhancements, such as convenient and reliable persistent programming and automatic and transparent file indexing, but cannot be integrated smoothly with contemporary distributed file systems. – New media technologies, such as the optical jukebox and RAID disk, can extend the scale and performance of a storage service but contemporary distributed file systems do not have a clear framework to incorporate these new technologies and to provide the necessary user level transparency. Motivated by these observations, the new network storage architecture (MSSA) presented in this dissertation, is designed to be extensible. Design modularity is taken as the key to achieve service extensibility. This dissertation examines a number of issues related to the design of the architecture. New ideas, such as a flexible access control mechanism based on temporary capabilities, a low level storage substrate that uses non-volatile memory to provide atomic update semantics at high performance, a concept of sessions to differentiate performance requirements of different data types, are introduced. Prototype implementations of the key components are evaluated.
Molecular biotechnologies for the characterization and the evaluation of microorganisms in degradation processes of manufactures which are of historical artistic interest (2004)

This work presents the application of some molecular biology techniques with high interest in cultural heritage field. These methodologies have proved to be extremely useful to characterize microbial communities colonization and their potential involvement in deterioration processes, mainly because it become possible curried out cultural-independent studies of microorganisms in both organic or inorganic substrates. These methods can be easily suited to study the biodeterioration of cultural heritage and, in the future, their application will be essential in conservation and/or restoration projects.
Association of Expression Aberrances and Genetic Polymorphisms of Lysyl Oxidase with Areca-Associated Oral Tumorigenesis (2007)

LOX exerts oncogenic roles in areca-associated OSCC. This potential could be affected by the existence of LOX propeptide domain or genetic polymorphism.
Salicylic Acid Is Not the Translocated Signal Responsible for Inducing Systemic Acquired Resistance but Is Required in Signal Transduction (1994)

Bernard Vernooij, Leslie Friedrich, Alison Morse, Roland Reist, Rachida Kolditz-Jawhar, Eric Ward, Scott Uknes, Helmut Kessmann, John Ryals, Salicylic Acid Is Not the Translocated Signal Responsible for Inducing Systemic Acquired Resistance but Is Required in Signal Transduction, The Plant Cell, Vol. 6, No. 7 (Jul., 1994), pp. 959-965
Optimisation of Drug Delivery 3. Sustained/Controlled‐Release Oral Drug Delivery (1997)

The present article reviews in detail some mechanisms by which modification of drug release from oral dosage forms can be achieved. Biopharmaceutical and physicochemical characteristics of drugs suitable for modified release are outlined. Design considerations for sustained‐release and delayed‐release devices are then reviewed.
High-Resolution Size-Discrimination of Single Nonionic Synthetic Polymers with a Highly Charged Biological Nanopore (2015)

Electrophysiological studies of the interaction of polymers with pores formed by bacterial toxins (1) provide a window on single molecule interaction with proteins in real time, (2) report on the behavior of macromolecules in confinement, and (3) enable label-free single molecule sensing. Using pores formed by the staphylococcal toxin α-hemolysin (aHL), a particularly pertinent observation was that, under high salt conditions (3-4 M KCl), the current through the pore is blocked for periods of hundreds of microseconds to milliseconds by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) oligomers (degree of polymerization approximately 10-60). Notably, this block showed monomeric sensitivity on the degree of polymerization of individual oligomers, allowing the construction of size or mass spectra from the residual current values. Here, we show that the current through the pore formed by aerolysin (AeL) from Aeromonas hydrophila is also blocked by PEG but with drastic differences in the voltage-dependence of the interaction. In contrast to aHL, AeL strongly binds PEG at high transmembrane voltages. This fact, which is likely related to AeL's highly charged pore wall, allows discrimination of polymer sizes with particularly high resolution. Multiple applications are now conceivable with this pore to screen various nonionic or charged polymers.
Thrombospondin-1 is Induced in Rat Myocardial Infarction and Its Induction is Accelerated by Ischemia/Reperfusion (2005)

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a multifunctional, rapid-turnover matricellular protein. Recent studies demonstrated that TSP-1 has a role in regulating inflammatory reactions. Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with an inflammatory response, ultimately leading to healing and scar formation. In particular, an enhanced inflammatory reaction and a massive accumulation of monocytes/macrophages is seen with reperfusion after MI. To examine the role of TSP-1 in MI, we isolated rat TSP-1 complementary DNA (cDNA) and analyzed the level and distribution of the mRNA expression. In infarcted rat hearts, TSP-1 mRNA increased markedly at 6 and 12 hrs after coronary artery ligation (27.97 +/- 3.40-fold and 22.77 +/- 1.83-fold, respectively, compared with sham-operated hearts). Western blot analysis revealed that TSP-1 protein was transiently induced in the infarcted heart. Using in situ hybridization analysis, TSP-1 mRNA signals were observed in the infiltrating cells at the border area of infarction. We then examined the effect of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) on TSP-1 mRNA induction in the rats with infarcted hearts. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated that I/R enhanced the TSP-1 mRNA expression approximately 4-fold, as compared with the level in the permanently ligated heart. Finally, we examined the effect of TSP-1 on proinflammatory cytokine release in mononuclear cells. The releases of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) from human mononuclear cells were enhanced by TSP-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the immediate and marked increase of TSP-1 expression suggests that TSP-1 has an inflammatory-associated role in MI.
Amyloidoma of the Esophagus (2007)

Kahi, Charles J. M.D., M.Sc.; Vakili, Saeed M.D.; Liepnieks, Juris J. M.D., Ph.D.; Benson, Merrill M.D. Author Information
Fiber optic hydrogen sensor (1996)

This report covers the development of fiber optic hydrogen and temperature sensors for monitoring dissolved hydrogen gas in transformer oil. The concentration of hydrogen gas is a measure of the corona and spark discharge within the transformer and reflects the state of health of the transformer. Key features of the instrument include use of palladium alloys to enhance hydrogen sensitivity, a microprocessor controlled instrument with RS-232, liquid crystal readout, and 4-20 ma. current loop interfaces. Calibration data for both sensors can be down loaded to the instrument through the RS-232 interface. This project was supported by the Technology Transfer Initiative in collaboration with J. W. Harley, Inc. through the mechanism of a cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA).
The Measurement of Power Spectra from the Point of View of Communications Engineering - Part II (1958)

The measurement of power spectra is a problem of steadily increasing importance which appears to some to be primarily a problem in statistical estimation. Others may see it as a problem of instrumentation, recording and analysis which vitally involves the ideas of transmission theory. Actually, ideas and techniques from both fields are needed. When they are combined, they provide a basis for developing the insight necessary (i) to plan both the acquisition of adequate data and sound procedures for its reduction to meaningful estimates and (ii) to interpret these estimates correctly and usefully. This account attempts to provide and relate the necessary ideas and techniques in reasonable detail — Part I of this article appeared in the January, 1958 issue of THE BELL SYSTEM TECHNICAL JOURNAL.
Effectiveness of anti–folate receptor β antibody conjugated with truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin in the targeting of rheumatoid arthritis synovial macrophages (2005)

We demonstrated the limited distribution of FRbeta-expressing cells in various tissues. The immunotoxin targeting FRbeta-expressing cells will provide a therapeutic tool for rheumatoid synovitis.
Detecting Visual Relationships with Deep Relational Networks (2017)

Relationships among objects play a crucial role in image understanding. Despite the great success of deep learning techniques in recognizing individual objects, reasoning about the relationships among objects remains a challenging task. Previous methods often treat this as a classification problem, considering each type of relationship (e.g. ride) or each distinct visual phrase (e.g. person-ride-horse) as a category. Such approaches are faced with significant difficulties caused by the high diversity of visual appearance for each kind of relationships or the large number of distinct visual phrases. We propose an integrated framework to tackle this problem. At the heart of this framework is the Deep Relational Network, a novel formulation designed specifically for exploiting the statistical dependencies between objects and their relationships. On two large data sets, the proposed method achieves substantial improvement over state-of-the-art.
Prednisone in Duchenne Dystrophy (1991)

A randomized, controlled trial of daily prednisone was conducted in 99 boys (aged 5 to 15 years) with Duchenne dystrophy to define the time course of improvement and the dose response to treatment. Prednisone at 0.3 mg/kg (n = 33), prednisone at 0.75 mg/kg (n = 34), and placebo (n = 32) were administered for 6 months. Patients were examined using manual muscle and myometry testing, timed functional testing, pulmonary function testing, and laboratory measurements at 10 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and 6 months of treatment. Boys treated with prednisone had stronger average muscle strength scores, than did boys treated with placebo as early as 10 days after starting therapy. At the 3-month visit, the boys in the group given 0.75 mg/kg of prednisone were significantly stronger than those in the group given 0.3 mg/kg of prednisone, indicating a dose response. At 6 months, significant side effects occurred in the group treated with 0.75 mg/kg of prednisone, including weight gain, cushingoid appearance, and excessive hari growth. Only weight gain was observed in the group taking prednisone at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg. Importantly, no side effects were evident at 10 days or 1 month of treatment, despite improvement in muscle strength and function. We conclude that prednisone produces a rapid increase in muscle strength in patients with Duchenne dystrophy and that this improvement is maximal at a prednisone dosage of 0.75 mg/kg or less.
Functional Analysis of the Lactococcus lactis galU and galE Genes and Their Impact on Sugar Nucleotide and Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis (2001)

We studied the UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (galU) and UDP-galactose epimerase (galE) genes of Lactococcus lactis MG1363 to investigate their involvement in biosynthesis of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose, which are precursors of glucose- and galactose-containing exopolysaccharides (EPS) in L. lactis. The lactococcal galU gene was identified by a PCR approach using degenerate primers and was found by Northern blot analysis to be transcribed in a monocistronic RNA. The L. lactis galU gene could complement an Escherichia coli galU mutant, and overexpression of this gene in L. lactis under control of the inducible nisA promoter resulted in a 20-fold increase in GalU activity. Remarkably, this resulted in approximately eightfold increases in the levels of both UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose. This indicated that the endogenous GalE activity is not limiting and that the GalU activity level in wild-type cells controls the biosynthesis of intracellular UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose. The increased GalU activity did not significantly increase NIZO B40 EPS production. Disruption of the galE gene resulted in poor growth, undetectable intracellular levels of UDP-galactose, and elimination of EPS production in strain NIZO B40 when cells were grown in media with glucose as the sole carbon source. Addition of galactose restored wild-type growth in the galE disruption mutant, while the level of EPS production was approximately one-half the wild-type level.