gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 3 and 17 influence phenotypes of the metabolic syndrome (2000)

Recent research has emphasized the importance of the metabolic cluster, which includes glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure, as a strong predictor of the obesity-related morbidities and premature mortality. Fundamental to this association, commonly referred to as the metabolic syndrome, is the close interaction between abdominal fat patterning, total body adiposity, and insulin resistance. As the initial step in identifying major genetic loci influencing these phenotypes, we performed a genomewide scan by using a 10-centiMorgan map in 2,209 individuals distributed over 507 nuclear Caucasian families. Pedigree-based analysis using a variance components linkage model demonstrated a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 3 (3q27) strongly linked to six traits representing these fundamental phenotypes [logarithm of odds (lod) scores ranged from 2.4 to 3.5]. This QTL exhibited possible epistatic interaction with a second QTL on chromosome 17 (17p12) strongly linked to plasma leptin levels (lod = 5.0). Situated at these epistatic QTLs are candidate genes likely to influence two biologic precursor pathways of the metabolic syndrome.
Assessment of complement activation during membrane‐based plasmapheresis procedures (2004)

Previous studies have suggested that plasmapheresis procedures using a separation membrane may activate the complement system and release anaphylatoxins. This study determines the content in C3a/C3a(des Arg) and C5a/C5a(des Arg) in plasma donations obtained by the new Haemonetics Filter Core (FC) procedure and compares it to Baxter Autopheresis C (Auto-C). FC performs sequential blood centrifugation and plasma filtration on a microporous polyethersulfone membrane, while Auto-C removes blood cells by simultaneous gravitation and filtration on a rotating nylon membrane. One group of 34 donors donated on FC and two groups of 30 and 10 donors on Auto-C. Plasma aliquots were taken from the plasma units within 30 min of the end of the collection procedures, frozen at < -30 degrees C and assessed for C3a and C5a at various time points of storage. Mean C3a/C3a(des Arg) in FC plasma (N = 34) was 1,151 (range: 526-2,991), 1,092 (range: 349-3498), and 507 (range: 307-815) ng/ml at time of collection and after 6 and 12 months of storage, respectively. Respective C5a/C5a(des Arg) was 26.6 (range 4.9-74), 18.9 (9.5-42.6), and 30.9 (range: 10.7-62.3) ng/ml. Mean C3a/C3a(des Arg) was higher in Auto-C (P < 0.001): 4,724 ng/ml (N = 10; range: 2,400-7 ,360) and > 4,149 ng/ml (N = 30; 2,408- > 6,430) after 3 and 18 months storage, respectively. Mean C5a/C5a(des Arg) was 32.1 ng/ml (N = 30; range: 10.6-57.2) after 18 months of storage. Complement activation in FC plasmas appears limited compared to Auto-C, suggesting better biocompatibility of this collection device and/or a favourable impact of the sequential cell centrifugation/filtration technology used. Further studies are needed to explain differences in complement activation between apheresis procedures and to assess clinical impacts, if any.
Suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha production by a human immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous use (1990)

We investigated the effect of a pH 4-treated human immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous use (pH4-G) on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in vivo. The level of TNF-alpha in the sera of rabbits receiving pH4-G before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection was lower than that in rabbits receiving only LPS. Similarly, the in vitro production of TNF-alpha was suppressed by pH4-G. Rabbit peritoneal exudate cells stimulated with LPS in the presence of pH4-G produced less TNF-alpha than did those stimulated only with LPS. pH4-G, however, had no effect on various TNF-alpha activities, such as cytotoxicity against tumorigenic murine fibroblasts (L929 cells), induction of interleukin-1 production, or fever induction. These results indicate that pH4-G suppresses TNF-alpha production without affecting TNF-alpha activities. A suppressive effect on the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA was also observed.
Design of a High-Foot High-Adiabat ICF Capsule for the National Ignition Facility (2014)

The National Ignition Campaign's [M. J. Edwards et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 070501 (2013)] point design implosion has achieved DT neutron yields of 7.5×10(14) neutrons, inferred stagnation pressures of 103 Gbar, and inferred areal densities (ρR) of 0.90 g/cm2 (shot N111215), values that are lower than 1D expectations by factors of 10×, 3.3×, and 1.5×, respectively. In this Letter, we present the design basis for an inertial confinement fusion capsule using an alternate indirect-drive pulse shape that is less sensitive to issues that may be responsible for this lower than expected performance. This new implosion features a higher radiation temperature in the "foot" of the pulse, three-shock pulse shape resulting in an implosion that has less sensitivity to the predicted ionization state of carbon, modestly lower convergence ratio, and significantly lower ablation Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth than that of the NIC point design capsule. The trade-off with this new design is a higher fuel adiabat that limits both fuel compression and theoretical capsule yield. The purpose of designing this capsule is to recover a more ideal one-dimensional implosion that is in closer agreement to simulation predictions. Early experimental results support our assertions since as of this Letter, a high-foot implosion has obtained a record DT yield of 2.4×10(15) neutrons (within ∼70% of 1D simulation) with fuel ρR=0.84 g/cm2 and an estimated ∼1/3 of the yield coming from α-particle self-heating.
High energy density physics experiments with compact pulsed power drivers and advanced diagnostics (u) (2011)

Abstract Not Provided
Fungal Endophytes of Grasses (1987)

The tenn endophyte (Greek: endo == within + phyte = plant) has been defined as an organism contained or growing (entirely) within the substrate plant, whether parasitically or not ( 100, 106). Using this tenn in its broadest sense, the subject of this chapter could include all fungi that spend all or nearly all of their life cycles in the host grasses. We do not discuss such endophytic fungi as the smuts and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas that infect grass. Instead, our interests lie primarily with a specific group of c1avicipitaceous fungi that belong or are related to fungi in the tribe Balansiae (5, 24). These fungi either are true endophytes that never produce external fructifications on the plant or else may produce external mycelium andlor spores that affect flower and seed production. We focus specifically on those grass-endophyte complexes that may also cause maladies of grazing animals. Using the above criteria, two recent events involving grass-endophyte associations have important implications for the livestock industry. In 1977 Bacon et al (9) reported the close association of an endophyte (Sphacelia typhina) in infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and the incidence of
Activation Conditions Play a Key Role in the Activity of Zeolite CaY:  NMR and Product Studies of Brønsted Acidity (1998)

CaY, activated under different conditions, was characterized with 1H, 31P, and 1H/27Al double resonance MAS NMR. The 1H MAS NMR spectra of CaY, calcined in an oven at 500 °C, shows resonances from H2O (bound to Ca2+ and the zeolite framework), CaOH+, aluminum hydroxides, silanols, and Brønsted acid sites. No evidence for Lewis acidity is observed on adsorption of trimethylphosphine, and an estimate of ≈16 Brønsted acid sites per unit cell is obtained for this sample. CaY activated in an oven at higher temperatures contains less water, but all the other species are still present. In contrast, CaY activated by slow ramping of the temperature under vacuum to 500 or 600 °C shows a much lower concentration of Brønsted acid sites (<1/unit cell). Again, no evidence for Lewis acidity was observed. These NMR results have been utilized to understand the very different product distributions that are observed for reactions of 1,1- and 1,2-diarylethylenes in zeolite CaY activated in an oven (in air) and under vacuum. Samples with high concentrations of Brønsted acid sites react stoichiometrically with these sites, yielding diarylalkanes. At low concentrations, the Brønsted acid sites can act catalytically resulting in isomerization reactions.
Regional Neonatal Oral Feeding Protocol (2004)

The Calgary Health Region Neonatal Oral Feeding Protocol is the culminating work of a broad range of healthcare professionals, including staff nurses, nurse practitioners, nurse educators, nurse managers, dietitians, lactation consultants, clinical nurse specialists, and occupational therapists. The protocol represents a synthesis of research evidence and expert opinion pertaining to the introduction and management of oral milk feedings for high-risk infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. This evidence-based neonatal oral feeding protocol is presented to share knowledge and skill required to create positive feeding experiences while assisting high-risk infants to achieve full oral feedings. Goals of this project include promoting consistent neonatal nursing feeding practices and changing the ethos in relation to feeding interactions between caregiver and infant in the neonatal intensive care unit. This culture change will assist nurses to identify what is unique about their professional practice, which is of particular importance given the skill mix resulting from hospital understaffing and a growing nursing workforce shortage.
Visa protocols for controlling interorganizational datagram flow (1989)

The increasing use of internetworking protocols to connect administratively heterogeneous networks has raised the question of how an organization can control the flow of information across its network boundaries. One method for doing so is the use of visas, a cryptographic technique for authenticating and authorizing a flow of datagrams. Two visa protocols are presented and evaluated: one that requires distributed state information in gateways and one that uses additional encryptions instead of distributed state. Applications for such visa protocols include access control, accounting and billing for packet transit, and network resource management.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
End-to-End Instance Segmentation with Recurrent Attention (2016)

While convolutional neural networks have gained impressive success recently in solving structured prediction problems such as semantic segmentation, it remains a challenge to differentiate individual object instances in the scene. Instance segmentation is very important in a variety of applications, such as autonomous driving, image captioning, and visual question answering. Techniques that combine large graphical models with low-level vision have been proposed to address this problem; however, we propose an end-to-end recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture with an attention mechanism to model a human-like counting process, and produce detailed instance segmentations. The network is jointly trained to sequentially produce regions of interest as well as a dominant object segmentation within each region. The proposed model achieves competitive results on the CVPPP, KITTI, and Cityscapes datasets.
Nuclear transfer from somatic cells: applications in farm animal species. (1999)

The reconstruction of mammalian embryos by transfer of a blastomere nucleus to an enucleated oocyte or zygote allows for the production of genetically identical individuals. This has advantages for research (that is, as biological controls) and commercial applications (that is, multiplication of genetically valuable livestock). However, the number of offspring that can be produced from a single embryo is limited both by the number of blastomeres (embryos at the 32-64-cell stage are the most widely used in farm animal species) and the limited efficiency of the nuclear transfer procedure. The ability to produce live offspring by nuclear transfer from cells that can be propagated and maintained in culture offers many advantages, including the production of many identical offspring over an extended period (since cultured cells can be frozen and stored indefinitely) and the ability to modify genetically or to select populations of cells of specific genotypes or phenotypes before embryo reconstruction. This objective has been achieved with the production of lambs using nuclei from cultured cells established from embryonic, fetal and adult material. In addition, lambs transgenic for human factor IX have been produced from fetal fibroblasts transfected and selected in culture.
The amino acid sequence of equine milk lysozyme. (1985)

The amino acid sequence of equine milk lysozyme has been elucidated. The study involves the determination of the sequence of the N-terminal region of the whole protein, cyanogen bromide fragments, tryptic and chymotryptic peptides and fragments produced by chemical cleavage after tryptophan residues. The protein consists of a single chain of 129 amino acid residues and has a Mr of 14647. While equine milk lysozyme has the essential features of a c(chick)-type lysozyme, there is only 51% sequence homology with human milk lysozyme and 50% with domestic hen egg white lysozyme. Some of the implications of the large number of differences are discussed.
Silicon photonics integrated circuits: a manufacturing platform for high density, low power optical I/O’s (2015)

Silicon photonics integrated circuits are considered to enable future computing systems with optical input-outputs co-packaged with CMOS chips to circumvent the limitations of electrical interfaces. In this paper we present the recent progress made to enable dense multiplexing by exploiting the integration advantage of silicon photonics integrated circuits. We also discuss the manufacturability of such circuits, a key factor for a wide adoption of this technology.
Importance of the Carboxy-terminus of Human Interleukin-11 in Conserving Its Biological Activity (1996)

Biological activities of the carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) deletion mutants of human interleukin-11 (IL-11) were analyzed. Removal of only 1 amino-acid residue (leucine) from the C-terminus caused nearly an 80% loss of its biological activity. This shows the importance of C-terminus of human IL-11 in terms of conserving the biological activity.
Studies in Histocompatibility (1981)

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a group of closely linked loci present in remarkably similar form in all mammals and perhaps in all vertebrates. It plays a still imperfectly understood but clearly important role in immune phenomena. Because of the unusual concentration of similar genes, I referred to it in 1968 as a supergene (1). Bodmer (2) has gone me one better, calling it a super supergene. The term is not inappropriate, because we now , know that the MHC contains at least four gene clusters, each with its own type of end product and its own specific effects on the immune response. The MHC was originally discovered because of its role in the rejection of transplants made between incompatible individuals. Genes competent to play this role in the appropriate experimental or surgical context are called histocompatibility or H genes. An influence on transplants probably is entirely irrelevant to the true function of such genes, but the influence does give the geneticist a handle by which to study them. It was by this route that, over a period of a good many years, I became involved first in immunogenetics and then in the new and fascinating area of cellular immunity. That susceptibility and resistance to transplants are influenced by multiple genes showing Mendelian inheritance was demonstrated in the pioneering studies of Little and coworkers (3, 4, 5). Dr. Little became interested in this subject as a graduate student at Harvard because of experiments with tumor transplants in mice carried out by Tyzzer at the Harvard Medical School. Little suggested (3) a Mendelian interpretation of Tyzzer’s data, and worked jointly with him in experiments to test this hypothesis. After he founded the Jackson Laboratory, he and his associates returned again to an investigation of transplant genetics. While these studies revealed the existence of multiple histocompatibility genes, they did not provide any means of identifying the individual loci. Any individuality was masked by the non-discriminatory nature of a test based on only one variablethe success of transplant growth. Were there any methods by which the individuality of these genes could be revealed? A project in radiation genetics which I had pursued during my first few years at the Jackson Laboratory was winding down in the late 1930’s, and in examining histocompatibility genetics as one of several potential new undertakings, I thought I saw possibilities for new openings. Two methods of locus identification appeared possible. The first was the use of visible marker genes to
Mouse stem cells seeded into decellularized rat kidney scaffolds endothelialize and remodel basement membranes (2012)

We previously showed that murine embryonic stem cells arterially seeded into acellular rat whole kidney scaffolds multiply and demonstrate morphologic, immunohistochemical and gene expression evidence for differentiation. Vascular cell endothelialization was now further tested by endothelial specific BsLB4 lectin and anti-VEGFR2 (Flk1) antibodies. Remodeling of the matrix basement membranes from rat to mouse ("murinization") was assessed by a monoclonal antibody specific for mouse laminin β1 chain.
Coronary Heart Disease Incidence in NIDDM Patients In The Helsinki Heart Study (1992)

Compared with similarly dyslipidemic nondiabetic subjects, patients with NIDDM are at markedly increased risk of CHD. This elevated risk can be somewhat reduced by gemfibrozil.
Designing systems for flexibility, functionality, and performance with the 88110 Symmetric Superscalar microprocessor (2003)

It is pointed out that the 88110 Symmetric Superscalar microprocessor is an excellent high-performance microprocessor for general-purpose processing engines. However, several challenges must be met to provide an acceptable blend of flexibility, functionality, and performance. These challenges are evaluated as they apply to a general purpose VME processing engine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Delivery of Therapeutics Using Nanocarriers for Targeting Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells (2015)

Development of cancer resistance, cancer relapse and metastasis are attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Eradication of this subpopulation has been shown to increase life expectancy of patients. Since the discovery of CSCs a decade ago, several strategies have been devised to specifically target them but with limited success. Nanocarriers have recently been employed to deliver anti-CSC therapeutics for reducing the population of CSCs at the tumor site with great success. This review discusses the different therapeutic strategies that have been employed using nanocarriers, their advantages, success in targeting CSCs and the challenges that are to be overcome. Exploiting this new modality of cancer treatment in the coming decade may improve outcomes profoundly with promise of effective treatment response and reducing relapse and metastasis.
BCL-2 family proteins: regulators of cell death involved in the pathogenesis of cancer and resistance to therapy. (1996)

The BCL-2 gene was first discovered because of its involvement in the t(14;18) chromosomal translocations commonly found in lymphomas, which result in deregulation of BCL-2 gene expression and cause inappropriately high levels of Bcl-2 protein production. Expression of the BCL-2 gene can also become altered in human cancers through other mechanisms, including loss of the p53 tumor suppressor which normally functions as a repressor of BCL-2 gene expression in some tissues. Bcl-2 is a blocker of programmed cell death and apoptosis that contributes to neoplastic cell expansion by preventing cell turnover caused by physiological cell death mechanisms, as opposed to accelerating rates of cell division. Overproduction of the Bcl-2 protein also prevents cell death induced by nearly all cytotoxic anticancer drugs and radiation, thus contributing to treatment failures in patients with some types of cancer. Several homologs of Bcl-2 have recently been discovered, some of which function as inhibitors of cell death and others as promoters of apoptosis that oppose the actions of the Bcl-2 protein. Many of these Bcl-2 family proteins can interact through formation of homo- and heterotypic dimers. In addition, several nonhomologous proteins have been identified that bind to Bcl-2 and that can modulate apoptosis. These protein-protein interactions may eventual serve as targets for pharmacologically manipulating the physiological cell death pathway for treatment of cancer and several other diseases.
Tunable millimeter-wave frequency synthesis up to 100 GHz by dual-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser (2010)

We demonstrate the generation of microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies from 26 to 100 GHz by heterodyning the output modes of a dual-wavelength fiber laser based on stimulated Brillouin scattering. The output frequency is tunable in steps of 10.3 MHz, equal to the free spectral range of the resonator. The noise properties of the beat frequency indicate a microwave linewidth of <2 Hz. We discuss potential for operation into the terahertz regime.
Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam (2001)

The results suggest that Passiflora extract is an effective drug for the management of generalized anxiety disorder, and the low incidence of impairment of job performance with Passiflora extract compared to oxazepam is an advantage. A large-scale trial is justified.
Thermoluminescence of ZnS nanoparticles (1997)

The thermoluminescence (TL) of ZnS nanoparticles is reported. The TL intensity increases as the particle size is decreased. The consistency of the size dependence of the TL with that of the surface fluorescence indicates that the TL may be related to the surface states. TL may be caused by the recombination of carriers released from the surface states or defect sites by heating. Smaller particles have higher surface/volume ratio and more surface states, therefore contain more accessible carriers for TL. Besides, the carrier recombination rate increases upon decreasing size due to the increase of the overlap between the electron and hole wave functions. These two effects may make the TL increase upon decreasing size of the particles. The appearance of TL prior to any radiation reveals that trapped carriers have pre-existed. The investigation of TL may provide some useful information about the surface states that may explain the size dependence of the surface fluorescence.