gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adult-Derived Human Liver Mesenchymal-Like Cells as a Potential Progenitor Reservoir of Hepatocytes? (2007)

It is currently accepted that adult tissues may develop and maintain their own stem cell pools. Because of their higher safety profile, adult stem cells may represent an ideal candidate cell source to be used for liver cell therapies. We therefore evaluated the differentiation potential of mesenchymal-like cells isolated from adult human livers. Mesenchymal-like cells were isolated from enzymatically digested adult human liver and expanded in vitro. Cell characterization was performed using flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence, whereas the differentiation potential was evaluated both in vitro after incubation with specific media and in vivo after intrasplenic transplantation of uPA(+/+)-SCID and SCID mice. Adult-derived human liver mesenchymal-like cells expressed both hepatic and mesenchymal markers among which albumin, CYP3A4, vimentin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin. In vitro differentiation studies demonstrated that these mesenchymal-like cells are preferentially determined to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. Ten weeks following intrasplenic transplantation into uPA(+/+)-SCID mice, recipient livers showed the presence of human hepatocytic cell nodules positive for human albumin, prealbumin, and alpha-fetoprotein. In SCID transplanted liver mice, human hepatocyte-like cells were mostly found near vascular structures 56 days posttransplantation. In conclusion, the ability of isolated adult-derived liver mesenchymal stem-like cells to proliferate and differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells both in vitro and in vivo leads to propose them as an attractive expandable cell source for stem cell therapy in human liver diseases.
Relative ion permeability of normal and cystic fibrosis nasal epithelium. (1983)

The raised transepithelial electric potential difference (PD) across respiratory epithelia in cystic fibrosis (CF) has suggested an abnormality in ion permeation. We characterized this abnormality further by measuring in the nasal epithelia of CF and normal subjects the concentration-PD relationship for amiloride, an inhibitor of cell Na+ permeability, and PD responses to superfusion with solutions of different composition. Amiloride was more efficacious in the CF subjects but the ED50 was not different from that of normals (approximately 2 X 10(-6) M). Na+ replacement by choline induced effects similar to those of amiloride, i.e. a greater depolarization in CF subjects. A 10-fold increase in the K+ concentration of the perfusate induced a small (less than 10 mV) depolarization in both subject populations. When Cl- in the perfusate was replaced by gluconate or SO2-(4) the nasal PD of normal subjects hyperpolarized (lumen became more negative) by approximately 35 mV. A significantly smaller response (less than 17 mV) was induced in CF homozygotes but not in heterozygotes (38 mV). The smaller response of CF subjects appears to reflect an absolute decrease in luminal surface Cl- permeability because pretreatment with amiloride did not increase the response to Cl- free solution (7 mV). Accordingly, three abnormalities (decreased Cl- permeability, raised PD, greater amiloride efficacy) have been identified in CF respiratory epithelia. Whereas "excessive" active Na+ transport can account for these abnormalities and the dessication of airway surface liquid, it is possible that a lower lumenal cell membrane Cl- permeability and inhibition of a potential path of Cl- secretion can also explain the observations.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Risk Factors for the Development of Choroidal Neovascularisation in the Fellow Eye: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study (2011)

At 3 years, progression from early to late exudative AMD was superior to the expected rate (44%). ICG early and late hyperfluorescent spots or areas, ICG early hypofluorescent spots or areas and early leakage detected with the retinal leakage analyzer, but not pigmentary changes, large drusen, number and area of drusen at any location or a greater severity of ARM at baseline, showed to be a predictive parameter of conversion to wet AMD.
Quantum Cryptography Protocols Robust against Photon Number Splitting Attacks for Weak Laser Pulse Implementations (2004)

We introduce a new class of quantum key distribution protocols, tailored to be robust against photon number splitting (PNS) attacks. We study one of these protocols, which differs from the original protocol by Bennett and Brassard (BB84) only in the classical sifting procedure. This protocol is provably better than BB84 against PNS attacks at zero error.
Broadband form birefringent quarter-wave plate for the mid-infrared wavelength region (1999)

We discuss the design, fabrication and optical performance of a broadband form-birefringent quarter-wave plate for the 3.5 to 5 m wave-length region. Rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) was used to design the requisite subwavelength grating for silicon substrates in ambient air. Fabricated samples yield a measured phase retardation of 89 ƒ to 102 ƒ over the desired wavelength range.
Modulation of Plasticity in Human Motor Cortex after Forearm Ischemic Nerve Block (1998)

Deafferentation leads to cortical reorganization that may be functionally beneficial or maladaptive. Therefore, we were interested in learning whether it is possible to purposely modulate deafferentation-induced reorganization. Transient forearm deafferentation was induced by ischemic nerve block (INB) in healthy volunteers. The following five interventions were tested: INB alone; INB plus low-frequency (0.1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex ipsilateral to INB (INB+rTMSi); rTMSi alone; INB plus rTMS of the motor cortex contralateral to INB (INB+rTMSc); and rTMSc alone. Plastic changes in the motor cortex contralateral to deafferentation were probed with TMS, measuring motor threshold (MT), motor evoked-potential (MEP) size, and intracortical inhibition (ICI) and facilitation (ICF) to the biceps brachii muscle proximal to the level of deafferentation. INB alone induced a moderate increase in MEP size, which was significantly enhanced by INB+rTMSc but blocked by INB+rTMSi. INB alone had no effect on ICI or ICF, whereas INB+rTMSc reduced ICI and increased ICF, and conversely, INB+rTMSi deepened ICI and suppressed ICF. rTMSi and rTMSc alone were ineffective in changing any of these parameters. These findings indicate that the deafferented motor cortex becomes modifiable by inputs that are normally subthreshold for inducing changes in excitability. The deafferentation-induced plastic changes can be up-regulated by direct stimulation of the "plastic" cortex and likely via inhibitory projections down-regulated by stimulation of the opposite cortex. This modulation of cortical plasticity by noninvasive means might be used to facilitate plasticity when it is primarily beneficial or to suppress it when it is predominately maladaptive.
Two established in vitro cell lines from human mesenchymal tumours (1967)

Abstract The development and cultivation of two cell lines from human mesenchymal tumours is described. Lines 2T and 4T differed from normal human fibroblastic cell strains by showing cytological atypia (high nucleocytoplasmic ratio, hyperchromasia and pleo‐morphism), an altered “epithelial‐like” pavement growth pattern, a deficient inhibition of cell division in crowded cultures and a potential for “indefinite” multiplication in vitro. Both lines were chromosomally abnormal in all samples and differed karyo‐typically from any known continuous cell line as well as from each other. Line 2T has retained, at least for 3 months (passage 111–126), a fairly narrow chromosomal mode of 34–38 with two specific marker chromosomes. A high frequency of chromosome breakage was observed in line 2T and extensive chromosome fragmentation, “chromosome pulverization”, occurred. No viruses could, however, be detected in the cultures despite numerous attempts. A control cell strain (2S) was developed from uninvolved skin of one of the tumour patients. Its behaviour followed the general pattern of human diploid cell strains in culture. To our knowledge, the described cell lines are the first derived from human mesenchymal tumours where the availability of a control fibroblast strain will provide us with opportunities to compare autologous normal and neoplastic human mesenchymal cells under in vitro conditions.
Characterization of a Novel Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor, Edg-8 (2000)

Three G protein-coupled receptors (Edg-1, Edg-3, and Edg-5) for the lysolipid phosphoric acid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate have been described by molecular cloning. Using a similar sequence that we found in the expressed sequence tag data base, we cloned and characterized of a fourth, high affinity, rat brain sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, Edg-8. When HEK293T cells were co-transfected with Edg-8 and G protein DNAs, prepared membranes showed sphingosine 1- phosphate-dependent increases in [(35)S]guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate binding with an EC(50) of 90 nm. In a rat hepatoma Rh7777 cell line that exhibits modest endogenous responses to sphingosine 1-phosphate, this lipid mediator inhibited forskolin-driven rises in cAMP by greater than 90% when the cells were transfected with Edg-8 DNA (IC(50) 0.7 nm). This response is blocked fully by prior treatment of cultures with pertussis toxin, thus implicating signaling through G(i/o)alpha proteins. Furthermore, Xenopus oocytes exhibit a calcium response to sphingosine 1-phosphate after injection of Edg-8 mRNA, but only when oocytes are co-injected with chimeric G(q/i)alpha protein mRNA. Membranes from HEK293T and Rh7777 cell cultures expressing Edg-8 exhibited high affinity (K(D) = 2 nm) binding for radiolabeled sphingosine 1-phosphate. Rat Edg-8 RNA is expressed in spleen and throughout adult rat brain where in situ hybridization revealed it to be associated with white matter. Together our data demonstrate that Edg-8 is a high affinity sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor that couples to G(i/o)alpha proteins and is expressed predominantly by oligodendrocytes and/or fibrous astrocytes in the rat brain.
The cell cycle associated change of the Ki‐67 reactive nuclear antigen expression (1987)

The change of human nuclear antigen expression in proliferating cells recognized by a monoclonal antibody, Ki-67, during the cell cycle was investigated in HeLa S3 cells using a bivariate-flow-cytometric analysis. The antigen was immunocytochemically stained with FITC, and DNA was stained with propidium iodide (Pl). The expression of the antigen increased with cell-cycle progression, especially in the latter half of S-phase and reached a maximum at G2M-phase, although its content varied greatly from cell to cell. The cells in which DNA synthesis was inhibited by treatment with hydroxyurea increased markedly in the antigen expression (as compared to untreated cells). Treatment with adriamycin also elevated the antigen content. After digestion with DNase I, but not after RNase treatment, FITC fluorescence from the antigen disappeared. These results suggest that the Ki-67 antigen is bound to DNA and its expression does not depend on DNA replication. Although the biological implications of the antigen remain unresolved, the antigen may be considered to be essential for maintaining the proliferating state of cells.
Effects of electron exchange and single-file diffusion on charge propagation in Nafion films containing redox couples (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of electron exchange and single-file diffusion on charge propagation in Nafion films containing redox couplesDaniel A. Buttry and Fred C. AnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 4, 685–689Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00342a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00342a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views638Altmetric-Citations235LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vehicle route prediction and time of arrival estimation techniques for improved transportation system management (2004)

Many intelligent transportation system services are making use of vehicle position and time information to help manage traffic congestion and in the case of public transportation, improve service reliability. Position and time data can be acquired in a variety of ways including probe vehicles, embedded road sensors, tagging electronic toll collection transponders, automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems, etc. As part of advanced public transportation systems, many transit agencies are placing AVL systems on their buses to better manage their fleet and to provide their passengers with better information on vehicle arrivals and departures. Another public transport system that can benefit from this technology is shared-use vehicle systems (i.e., car-sharing, station cars). In particular, multiple-station shared-use vehicle systems need to manage their fleet closely to avoid vehicle distribution problems at their stations. In this paper, we describe a route prediction and time-of-arrival estimation methodology that has been implemented with a real-world multiple-station car-sharing system. Each vehicle has A VL hardware, producing position and time data that can be used at the system level for estimation. This is slightly different than bus arrival estimation techniques in that the routes are not known a priori. The developed algorithm was tested against actual routes and arrival times, producing encouraging results. It was determined that the estimation procedure could be improved if the frequency of position/time data was increased.
Architecture design exploration of three-dimensional (3D) integrated DRAM (2009)

Motivated by increasingly promising three-dimensional (3D) integration technologies, this paper reports an architecture design of 3D integrated dynamic RAM (DRAM). To accommodate the potentially significant pitch mismatch between DRAM word-line/bit-line and through silicon vias (TSVs) for 3D integration, this paper presents two modestly different coarse-grained inter-sub-array 3D DRAM architecture partitioning strategies. Furthermore, to mitigate the potential yield loss induced by 3D integration, we propose an interdie inter-sub-array redundancy repair approach to improve the memory repair success rate. For the purpose of evaluation, we modified CACTI 5 to support the proposed coarse-grained 3D partitioning strategies. Estimation results show that, for the realization of a 1 Gb DRAM with 8 banks and 256-bit data I/O, such 3D DRAM design strategies can effectively reduce the silicon area, access latency, and energy consumption compared with 3D packaging with wire bonding and conventional 2D design. We further developed a memory redundancy repair simulator to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed inter-die inter-subarray redundancy repair approach.
The Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes hemolysin, pyolysin, is a novel member of the thiol-activated cytolysin family (1997)

Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes, an animal pathogen, produces a hemolytic exotoxin, pyolysin (PLO). The gene encoding PLO was cloned, and sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1,605 bp encoding a protein of 57.9 kDa. PLO has 30 to 40% identity with the thiol-activated cytolysins (TACYs) of a number of gram-positive bacteria. The activity of PLO was found to be very similar to those of other TACYs, except that it was not thiol activated. The highly conserved TACY undecapeptide is divergent in PLO; in particular, the cysteine residue required for thiol activation has been replaced with alanine. However, mutagenesis of the alanine residue to cysteine did not confer thiol activation on PLO, suggesting a conformational difference in the undecapeptide region of this toxin. Specific antibodies against purified, recombinant PLO completely neutralized the hemolytic activity of A. pyogenes, suggesting that this organism produces a single hemolysin. Furthermore, these antibodies could passively protect mice against lethal challenge with A. pyogenes, suggesting that like other TACYs PLO is an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of this organism.
Ketene Dithioacetals in Organic Synthesis: Recent Developments (1990)

Ketene dithioacetals are reviewed as versatile building blocks in a multitude of synthetically useful transformations. After discussing the methods for preparation of ketene dithioacetals, their application in cyclizations, C-C bond formation and in the synthesis of heterocyclic systems will be described. Their use as carboxyl equivalents, which display an umpolung-type reactivity pattern will be emphasized. 1 Introduction 2.Synthesis of Ketene Dithioacetals 2.1. Synthesis of Nonfunctionalized Ketene Dithioacetals 2.1.1. From Aldehydes and Ketones by Olefination 2.1.2. From Esters or Ester Equivalents 2.1.3. From Dithioacetals 2.1.4 From 1,1-Dihetero Substituted Olefins 2.2. Synthesis of Polyfunctional Ketene Dithioacetats 3. Ketene Dithioacetals in Organic Synthesis 3.1. a1,d2,a3... : Normal Reactivity 3.2. d1, a2, d3...: Umpolung-Type Reactivity 3.3. Polyfunctional Ketene Dithioacetals in Organic Synthesis 3.3.1.α-Oxo Ketene Dithioacetals 3.3.2. Nitro Ketene Dithioacetals 3.3.3. Miscellaneous 4. Conclusion
Formation of Self-Assembled, Air-Stable Lipid Bilayer Membranes on Solid Supports (2001)

A successful strategy for the self-assembly and stabilization of a substrate-supported, phospholipid bilayer is described. The bilayer is self-organized by fusion of fluid vesicles, composed of bis-sorbylphosphatidylcholine, on an oxide surface. The supported bilayer is then polymerized in situ to produce a cross-linked structure that is stable to surfactant solutions, organic solvents, and to transfer across the air/water interface, yet retains the resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption characteristic of a fluid phosphatidylcholine bilayer.
Automatic indexing: an approach using an index term corpus and combining linguistic and statistical methods (2000)

This thesis discusses the problems and the methods of finding relevant information in large collections of documents. The contribution of this thesis to this problem is to develop better content analysis methods which can be used to describe document content with index terms. Index terms can be used as meta-information that describes documents, and that is used for seeking information. The main point of this thesis is to illustrate the process of developing an automatic indexer which analyses the content of documents by combining evidence from word frequencies and evidence from linguistic analysis provided by a syntactic parser. The indexer weights the expressions of a text according to their estimated importance for describing the content of a given document on the basis of the content analysis. The typical linguistic features of index terms were explored using a linguistically analysed text collection where the index terms are manually marked up. This text collection is referred to as an index term corpus. Specific features of the index terms provided the basis for a linguistic term-weighting scheme, which was then combined with a frequency-based term-weighting scheme. The use of an index term corpus like this as training material is a new method of developing an automatic indexer. The results of the experiments were promising.
Automated layer segmentation of macular OCT images using dual-scale gradient information (2010)

A novel automated boundary segmentation algorithm is proposed for fast and reliable quantification of nine intra-retinal boundaries in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The algorithm employs a two-step segmentation schema based on gradient information in dual scales, utilizing local and complementary global gradient information simultaneously. A shortest path search is applied to optimize the edge selection. The segmentation algorithm was validated with independent manual segmentation and a reproducibility study. It demonstrates high accuracy and reproducibility in segmenting normal 3D OCT volumes. The execution time is about 16 seconds per volume (480x512x128 voxels). The algorithm shows potential for quantifying images from diseased retinas as well.
Elevated levels of circulating cell-free DNA in the blood of patients with hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. (2007)

Our results showed that levels of circulating cell-free DNA are significantly increased in sera of patients with HCV-associated HCC, suggesting that circulating cell-free DNA may be a good biomarker specific for HCV-associated HCC.
Fibroblast growth factor-2 regulates human cardiac myofibroblast-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling (2015)

LMW-FGF-2 attenuates human cardiac myofibroblast-mediated ECM remodeling and may prevent progressive maladaptive chamber remodeling and tissue fibrosis for patients with diverse structural heart diseases.
Genetic studies on the role of the nucleoside transport function in nucleoside efflux, the inosine cycle, and purine biosynthesis. (1983)

A mutant clone (AU-100) which is 90% deficient in adenylosuccinate synthetase activity was characterized from wild-type murine S49 T-lymphoma cells. This AU-100 cell line and its hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient derivative, AUTG-50B, overproduce purines severalfold and excrete massive amounts of inosine into the culture medium (Ullman et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79:5127-5131, 1982). We introduced a mutation into both of these cell lines which make them incapable of taking up nucleosides from the culture medium. The genetic deficiency in nucleoside transport prevents the adenylosuccinate synthetase-deficient AU-100 cells from excreting inosine. Because of an extremely efficient intracellular inosine salvage system, the nucleoside transport-deficient AU-100 cells also no longer overproduce purines. AUTG-50B cells which have been made genetically deficient in nucleoside transport still overproduce purines but excrete hypoxanthine rather than inosine. These studies demonstrate genetically that nucleoside transport and nucleoside efflux share a common component and that nucleoside transport has an important regulatory function which profoundly affects the rates of purine biosynthesis and purine salvage.
Cloning and expression of T4 DNA polymerase. (1987)

The structural gene coding for bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase (gene 43) has been cloned into inducible plasmid vectors, which provide a source for obtaining large amounts of this enzyme after induction. The T4 DNA polymerase produced in this fashion was purified by an innovative three-step procedure and was fully active.