gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oligonucleotide Synthesis on a Polymer Support1,2 (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOligonucleotide Synthesis on a Polymer Support1,2Robert L. Letsinger and V. MahadevanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 15, 3526–3527Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01093a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01093a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1231Altmetric-Citations173LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Introduction of bromine and chlorine substituents in medium ring ethers and lactones (1997)

J. G. Bendall, A. N. Payne, T. E. O. Screen and A. B. Holmes, Chem. Commun., 1997, 1067 DOI: 10.1039/A701999H
Expression of cytochrome P4502E1 in human liver: assessment by mRNA, genotype and phenotype (1998)

Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is constitutively expressed in human liver and is responsible for the metabolic bioactivation of a wide variety of xenobiotics, including a number of protoxins and procarcinogens. CYP2E1 expression is regulated at several levels including pre-transcriptional, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and any variation in enzyme concentration and hence activity may represent increased risk of toxicity or carcinogenicity. We have investigated variability in the levels of CYP2E1 mRNA, protein and functional activity in a human liver bank, and attempted to relate these parameters to the RsaI restriction fragment length polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region. Variation in CYP2E1 mRNA (18-fold) was greater than the variation seen in CYP2E1 protein (twofold) and functional activity (fourfold) determined using two probe substrates, chlorzoxazone and p-nitrophenol. Although protein and functional activity showed a significant correlation (r = 0.93 and r = 0.83 for chlorzoxazone and p-nitrophenol, respectively), there was no correlation between any of these parameters and mRNA levels. Also, the variation in CYP2E1 activity could not be directly accounted for by the RsaI polymorphism in our samples. In conclusion, our results are consistent with a complex regulation of CYP2E1 and the fact that it is highly conserved in the human population. The absence of a relationship between the RsaI polymorphism and CYP2E1 activity is consistent with other studies performed in Caucasians, but does not exclude an effect of this polymorphism on inducibility of CYP2E1.
Phytochemicals in the treatment of ovarian cancer nbsp (2016)

Ovarian cancer ranks 5<sup>th</sup> among the most common gynecologic cancers and causes the highest mortality in females. Here, we discuss the role of a group of natural products that are being used in treatment and prevention of a host of cancers including ovarian cancer. Some plants and nutraceuticals and their polyphenolic constituents such as flavones, flavonoids, and antioxidants have shown cytotoxic effects on cancer cells both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. While phytochemicals do not harm normal cells, they have been found to be cytotoxic to cancer cells by virtue of inhibition of proliferation and/or induction of apoptosis, making them ideal in cancer therapeutics or as adjunct to conventional treatment regimens.
Cell cycle commitment of rat muscle satellite cells. (1990)

Satellite cells of adult muscle are quiescent myogenic stem cells that can be induced to enter the cell cycle by an extract of crushed muscle (Bischoff, R. 1986. Dev. Biol. 115:140-147). Here, evidence is presented that the extract acts transiently to commit cells to enter the cell cycle. Satellite cells associated with both live and killed rat myofibers in culture were briefly exposed to muscle extract and the increase in cell number was determined at 48 h in vitro, before the onset of fusion. An 8-12-h exposure to extract with killed, but not live, myofibers was sufficient to produce maximum proliferation of satellite cells. Continuous exposure for over 40 h was needed to sustain proliferation of satellite cells on live myofibers. The role of serum factors was also studied. Neither serum nor muscle extract alone was able to induce proliferation of satellite cells. In the presence of muscle extract, however, satellite cell proliferation was directly proportional to the concentration of serum in the medium. These results suggest that mitogens released from crushed muscle produce long-lasting effects that commit quiescent satellite cells to divide, whereas serum factors are needed to maintain progression through the cell cycle. Contact with a viable myofiber modulates the response of satellite cells to growth factors.
Compartmentalized Production of CCL17 In Vivo (2003)

Dendritic cells (DCs)(*) fulfill an important regulatory function at the interface of the innate and adaptive immune system. The thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) is produced by DCs and facilitates the attraction of activated T cells. Using a fluorescence-based in vivo reporter system, we show that CCL17 expression in mice is found in activated Langerhans cells and mature DCs located in various lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs, and is up-regulated after stimulation with Toll-like receptor ligands. DCs expressing CCL17 belong to the CD11b(+)CD8(-)Dec205(+) DC subset, including the myeloid-related DCs located in the subepithelial dome of Peyer's patches. CCL17-deficient mice mount diminished T cell-dependent contact hypersensitivity responses and display a deficiency in rejection of allogeneic organ transplants. In contrast to lymphoid organs located at external barriers of the skin and mucosa, CCL17 is not expressed in the spleen, even after systemic microbial challenge or after in vitro stimulation. These findings indicate that CCL17 production is a hallmark of local DC stimulation in peripheral organs but is absent from the spleen as a filter of blood-borne antigens.
Enantiospecific, Biosynthetically Inspired Formal Total Synthesis of (+)-Liphagal (2010)

A biosynthetically inspired synthesis of (+)-liphagal has been achieved from (+)-sclareolide in 13 steps (9% overall yield). The key step is a biomimetic ring expansion of a highly stabilized benzylic carbocation, which generates the seven-membered ring and the benzofuran of the natural product in a single cascade reaction.
The Electrochemistry of Polyacetylene: Application in High Power Density Rechargeable Batteries. (1983)

The best overall performance of rechargeable batteries using polyacetylene as both anode- and cathode-active materials are obtained from cells having a neutral (CH) cathode and n-doped anode in the charged state. It has been found that it is possible to chemically and electrochemically p-dope (CH)x to the metallic regime in aqueous solution. (Author)
Photochemical inactivation of viruses with psoralens: an overview. (1992)

In the presence of longwave ultraviolet light, psoralen derivatives photoreact with the nucleic acids within intact viruses and cells. This photoreaction can leave protein antigens and other surface components relatively unmodified, while eliminating the infectivity of a wide range of infectious agents. The kinetics of inactivation differ among RNA and DNA viruses photoreacted with different derivatives of psoralen. The inactivation kinetics are nonlinear as a result of photodegradation of psoralens and the unexplained biphasic inactivation of some viruses. In spite of these complexities, the photoreaction is capable of generating broad safety margins in the disinfection of microbial products under gentle, physiologic conditions. The psoralen photoreaction provides a potential method for inactivating both known and unknown viruses in active blood products. Psoralen-inactivated viruses have already proven useful as noninfectious antigens for use in immunoassays and as successful experimental vaccines.
New antiallergic pyrano[3,2-g]quinoline-2,8-dicarboxylic acids with potential for the topical treatment of asthma (1985)

A number of antiallergic pyranquinolinedicarboxylic acid derivatives with potential for the topical treatment of asthma have been synthesized. All the compounds have been evaluated against rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and in a dog hypotension screen. This is the first detailed description of the application of the latter screen for the identification of antiallergic agents. Two compounds, disodium 9-ethyl-6, 9-dihydro-4,6-dioxo-10-propyl-4H-pyrano [3,2-g]quinoline-2,8-dicarboxylate (86) and disodium 6-(methylamino)-4-oxo-10-propyl-4H-pyrano[3,2-g]-quinoline-2, 8-dicarboxylate (72), were selected and further evaluated for their ability to induce phosphorylation of a 78000 molecular weight protein associated with the rat peritoneal mast cell. Their ability to inhibit histamine release from these cells and from a mucosal mast cell preparation has also been evaluated. These compounds, nedocromil sodium (TILADE 86) and minocromil (the free acid of 72), are at present undergoing therapeutic evaluation. The rationale for the screening procedure and the relevance of the second carboxylic acid function of these dibasic acids to receptor binding are discussed.
Paralleling high-speed GaN power HEMTs for quadrupled power output (2013)

We present a design example to multiply output power from high-voltage GaN HEMTs in converter applications. A design process starting with a robust unit-cell design, employing equal-length transmission-line gate drives and short drain terminations successfully doubled and quadrupled output power with little efficiency degradation. A 4-kW 220V-400V boost converter at 100-kHz was demonstrated using 4 GaN HEMTs achieving >99% efficiency from 15% to 90% load.
The Influence of Nearest Neighbours on the Efficiency of Coaxial Stacking at Contiguous Stacking Hybridization of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (2004)

Contiguous stacking hybridization of oligodeoxyribonucleotides with a stem of preformed minihairpin structure of a DNA template was studied with the use of UV-melting technique. It was shown that the free-energy of the coaxial stacking interaction (deltaG degrees ST at 37 degrees C, 1 M NaCl, pH 7.4) at the complementary interface XA*pTY/ZATV (an asterisk stands for a nick) strongly depends on the type of nearest neighbor bases X and Y flanking the nicked dinucleotide step. The maximum efficiency of the coaxial stacking was observed for the PuA*pTPy/PuATPy interface, whereas the minimum efficiency was obtained for the PyA*pTPu/PyATPu interface. A 5'-phosphate residue in the nick enhances the coaxial stacking. In dependence on duplex structure the observed efficiency of A*T/AT coaxial stacking varied from (- 0.97 kcal/mol) for unphosphorylated TA*TA/TATA interface to three-fold higher value (- 2.78 kcal/mol) for GA*pTT/AATC interface.
Monoclonal antibody homodimers: enhanced antitumor activity in nude mice. (1993)

The potential for enhancing antibody potency by increasing avidity was investigated using monoclonal IgG homodimers. Chemically linked dimers were made from a human-murine chimeric monoclonal IgG (ChiBR96) which strongly binds to a variety of breast, lung, ovary, and colon carcinomas. This monoclonal antibody is capable of killing tumor cells directly without complement or effector cells in addition to mediating antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement dependent cytotoxicity. In this study, we examined the effect of antibody valency on antigen binding and biological efficacy by comparing the IgG dimer (tetravalent) to the monomeric IgG (divalent). The dimer demonstrated 3-4-fold greater binding activity against carcinoma cells than the monomer by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Surface plasmon resonance analyses showed that while the ChiBR96 monomer and dimer had similar rates of association on specific antigen, the dimer had a significantly slower rate of dissociation (and therefore a higher affinity constant). Although there was no difference between the monomer and dimer in antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement dependent cytotoxicity, the dimer demonstrated at least 10 times greater direct tumor cell killing than the monomer. Internalization studies using carcinoma cells pulsed with 125I-labeled antibody showed the ChiBR96 dimer reached higher intracellular levels than the monomer. The relative in vivo antitumor effects of the IgG monomer and dimer were studied in nude mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts. The dimer was more effective in slowing tumor progression despite having a shorter serum half-life than the monomer. Increasing the valency of IgG monoclonal antibodies may be a useful approach to enhancing their biological efficacy.
A Wearable Reflectance Pulse Oximeter for Remote Physiological Monitoring (2006)

To save life, casualty care requires that trauma injuries are accurately and expeditiously assessed in the field. This paper describes the initial bench testing of a wireless wearable pulse oximeter developed based on a small forehead mounted sensor. The battery operated device employs a lightweight optical reflectance sensor and incorporates an annular photodetector to reduce power consumption. The system also has short range wireless communication capabilities to transfer arterial oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), heart rate (HR), body acceleration, and posture information to a PDA. It has the potential for use in combat casualty care, such as for remote triage, and by first responders, such as firefighters.
LETTERS (2007)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTLETTERSWHAT DO YOU MEAN BY POLYMORPH?BRAHAMA D. SHARMAView Author Information Pismo Beach, Calif.Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 2007, 85, 32, 4–5Publication Date (Print):August 6, 2007Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 6 August 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v085n032.p004ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n032.p004aletterACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (423 KB) SUBJECTS:Chemistry education,Crystallography,Inorganic chemistry Get e-Alerts
Variation of human milk oligosaccharides in relation to milk groups and lactational periods (2010)

Human milk oligosaccharides, representing the third largest fraction of human milk, have been assigned important protective functions for newborns acting as bifidogenic substrates or as inhibitory agents towards pathogens. Using high-pH anion-exchange chromatography and an enzyme test kit, twenty oligosaccharides and lactose were determined in milk samples of German women from days 3 to 90 postpartum. Twenty-two secretor mothers with Lewis blood group Le(a - b+) synthesised all twenty oligosaccharides, and could be assigned to milk group 1. Five non-secretor mothers (Le(a+b - )) produced all oligosaccharides with the exception of α1,2-fucosylated compounds (milk group 2), whereas three secretor mothers with blood type Le(a - b - ) lacked α1,4-fucosyloligosaccharides, corresponding to milk group 3. Secretor women of milk groups 1 and 3 synthesised significantly higher amounts of total neutral oligosaccharides and of several total core structures (e.g. lacto-N-tetraose) than non-secretor women. Generally, these oligosaccharides significantly decrease during the first 3 months postpartum. By comparing fucosyloligosaccharides within and among the three milk groups, insight into their biosynthesis could be gained. Six acidic oligosaccharides without fucose residues were detected in milk samples of all mothers. Regression analysis confirmed that total acidic oligosaccharides declined threefold during the study period. Milk samples corresponding to the three milk groups exhibited significant qualitative and quantitative differences during the first 3 months of lactation. It can be assumed that particularly milk of non-secretor women (milk group 2) exerts a modified biological protection in the babies in comparison with milks of secretors (groups 1 and 3).
Visualization of p53264–272/HLA-A*0201 Complexes Naturally Presented on Tumor Cell Surface by a Multimeric Soluble Single-Chain T Cell Receptor (2006)

Intracellular Ags are processed into small peptides that are presented on cell surfaces in the context of HLA class I molecules. These peptides are recognized by TCRs displayed by CD8+ T lymphocytes (T cells). To date, direct identification and quantitation of these peptides has relied primarily on mass spectrometry analysis, which is expensive and requires large quantities of diseased tissues to obtain useful results. Here we demonstrate that multimerization of a soluble single-chain TCR (scTCR), recognizing a peptide from p53 presented in the context of HLA-A2.1, could be used to directly visualize and quantitate peptide/MHC complexes on unmanipulated human tumor cells. Tumor cells displaying as few as 500 peptide/MHC complexes were readily detectable by flow cytometry. The scTCR/multimers exhibited exquisite recognition capability and could distinguish peptides differing in as little as a single amino acid. We also demonstrate that scTCR/multimers could specifically stain human tumors generated in mice, as well as tumors obtained from patient biopsies. Thus, scTCR/multimers represent a novel class of immunostaining reagents that could be used to validate, quantitate, or monitor epitope presentation by cancer cells.
Prototypic T cell receptor and CD4-like coreceptor are expressed by lymphocytes in the agnathan sea lamprey (2004)

All jawed vertebrates have highly diverse lymphocyte receptors, which allow discrimination between self and nonself antigens as well as the recognition of potential pathogens. Key elements of the anticipatory recombinatorial immune system in jawed vertebrates are the TCR, Ig, and MHC genes, but their ancestral genes have not been found in more basal vertebrates. In this study, we extended our analysis of the transcriptome of lymphocyte-like cells in the lamprey to identify the TCR-like and CD4-like genes. The structural features of these genes and their preferential expression in lymphocytes make them attractive candidates for ancestral TCR and CD4 genes. The TCR-like gene contains both V (variable) and J (joining) sequences in its first exon and exists as a single-copy gene that is invariant. Thus, the TCR-like gene cannot account for the receptor diversity that is required for the immune responses reported for lamprey, but it could have been easily modified to serve as an evolutionary precursor of modern TCR and Ig genes.
Electrophilic tuning of the chemoprotective natural product sulforaphane (2010)

Sulforaphane [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)butane], a naturally occurring isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables, is a highly potent inducer of phase 2 cytoprotective enzymes and can protect against electrophiles including carcinogens, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The mechanism of action of sulforaphane is believed to involve modifications of critical cysteine residues of Keap1, which lead to stabilization of Nrf2 to activate the antioxidant response element of phase 2 enzymes. However, the dithiocarbamate functional group formed by a reversible reaction between isothiocyanate of sulforaphane and sulfhydryl nucleophiles of Keap1 is kinetically labile, and such modification in intact cells has not yet been demonstrated. Here we designed sulforaphane analogs with replacement of the reactive isothiocyanate by the more gentle electrophilic sulfoxythiocarbamate group that also selectively targets cysteine residues in proteins but forms stable thiocarbamate adducts. Twenty-four sulfoxythiocarbamate analogs were synthesized that retain the structural features important for high potency in sulforaphane analogs: the sulfoxide or keto group and its appropriate distance to electrophilic functional group. Evaluation in various cell lines including hepatoma cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and keratinocytes as well as in mouse skin shows that these analogs maintain high potency and efficacy for phase 2 enzyme induction as well as the inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide formation like sulforaphane. We further show in living cells that a sulfoxythiocarbamate analog can label Keap1 on several key cysteine residues as well as other cellular proteins offering new insights into the mechanism of chemoprotection.
Isolation of a maize bZIP protein subfamily: candidates for the ocs-element transcription factor (1993)

Ocs-elements, a family of 20 bp DNA sequences, are components of a number of promoters active in plants. In the maize BMS cell line the dominant ocs-element binding activity is the ocs-element transcription factor complex called OTF. The isolation of cDNA clones from a BMS cDNA expression library for two bZIP (basic region-leucine zipper) proteins that bind the ocs-element sequence and are good candidates for forming at least part of OTF is described. The two ocs-element binding proteins, called OBF3.1 and OBF3.2, are closely related, with the OBF3.1 protein sharing 95.8% amino acid homology with part of the OBF3.2 protein although there were significant differences in the 3′ untranslated regions. Genomic Southern blot analysis revealed a small gene family with a minimum of two OBF3 loci mapping to chromosomes 3L 105 and 8L075. The OBF3.1 protein shared considerable homology with the wheat HBP1b protein (80% amino acid identity) and to a lesser extent with the tobacco TGA1a protein. OBF3.1 like HBP1b was able to bind well to the Hex sequence but poorly to G-box/ABRE sequences. Interestingly, OBF3.1 bound eightfold more efficiently to an ocs-element sequence than TGA1a, raising the possibility that OBF3.1 and TGA1a may be distinct members of an OBF3/TGA subfamily.
INHERITANCE OF FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES IN SOYBEANS (1973)

Genetic analysis detected three genes that are involved in the formation of various flavonol glycosides in the leaves of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Eight flavonol classes were observed with each gene showing dominance for glycoside formation. The gene symbols Fg 1 and fg 1 , Fg 2 and fg 2 , and Fg 3 and fg 3 are proposed.