gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Driver Reactions to New Vehicle Parking Assist Technologies Developed to Reduce Driver Stress (2010)

A wide range of advanced technologies are currently being introduced into production automobiles that are intended to increase safety and comfort. If effectively implemented, some of these advanced technologies also offer the possibility of reducing driver stress. This study employed heart rate as an objective physiological arousal measure along with more traditional self‐report ratings to evaluate the extent to which two recently introduced technologies impact driver stress levels. The technologies evaluated were a semi‐autonomous system for parallel parking that detects appropriately sized parking spaces and actively steers the vehicle into the parking space while the driver controls the throttle and brake and a cross traffic warning system designed to alert drivers of encroaching vehicles when backing out of parking spaces. Two separate samples of 42 participants each were employed in the analysis and each sample consisted of three gender balanced age groups (20‐29, 40‐49 and 60‐69). In both experiments, each participant experienced multiple exposures to the parking maneuver with and without the technology (within subject design). After becoming familiar with the technology, participants rated their stress levels significantly lower when using the assistive parallel parking technology (p = .025) and physiological recordings showed an average heart rate 12.6 beats per minute lower (p .05). It was observed that drivers were more likely to appropriately stop and yield to an approaching vehicle during trials when the cross traffic alert system was active, potentially reducing the likelihood of accidents. While ratings of the systems were generally positive, some individuals experienced issues with the technologies. Additional analysis of self‐report data and subgroups within the data study sample is ongoing. Developing a more complete understanding of why some individuals have issues interacting with these types of new technologies may provide important insight into how further gains in technology adoption and stress reduction can be obtained.
Autocrine and paracrine loops between cancer cells and macrophages promote lymph node metastasis via CCR4/CCL22 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2012)

Lymph node metastasis is a poor prognostic factor for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, its molecular mechanism has not yet been fully understood. In our study, we investigated the expression of CCR4 and its ligand CCL22 in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment and found that the CCR4/CCL22 axis was involved in lymph node metastasis of HNSCC. CCR4 was expressed in 20 of 31 (64.5%) human tongue cancer tissues, and its expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01) and lymphatic invasion (p < 0.05). CCR4 was expressed in three of five human HNSCC cell lines tested. CCR4(+) HNSCC cells, but not CCR4(-) cells, showed enhanced migration toward CCL22, indicating that functional CCR4 was expressed in HNSCC cell lines. CCL22 was also expressed in cancer cells (48.4% of tongue cancer tissues) or CD206(+) M2-like macrophages infiltrated in tumors and draining lymph nodes. CCL22 produced by cancer cells or CD206(high) M2-like macrophages increased the cell motility of CCR4(+) HNSCC cells in vitro in an autocrine or paracrine manner. In the mouse SCCVII in vivo model, CCR4(+) cancer cells, but not CCR4(-) cells, metastasized to lymph nodes which contained CCL22 producing M2-like macrophages. These results demonstrate that lymph node metastasis of CCR4(+) HNSCC is promoted by CCL22 in an autocrine or M2-like macrophage-dependent paracrine manner. Therefore, the CCR4/CCL22 axis may be an attractive target for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with HNSCC.
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies: historical and future perspectives (2009)

Antibodies to CD20 have confirmed the hypothesis that monoclonal reagents can be given in vivo to alleviate human diseases. The targeting of CD20 on normal, malignant and auto-immune B-lymphocytes by rituximab has demonstrated substantial benefits for patients with a variety of B-cell lymphomas, as well as some with autoimmune disorders. There has been a notable increase in the survival rates from B-cell lymphoma in the decade since anti-CD20 therapy was introduced.
Three-dimensional Structure of Myelin Basic Protein (1997)

A computational model of myelin basic protein (MBP) has been constructed based on the premise of a phylogenetically conserved beta-sheet backbone and on electron microscopical three-dimensional reconstructions. Many residues subject to post-translational modification (phosphorylation, methylation, or conversion of arginines to citrullines) were located in loop regions and thus accessible to modifying enzymes. The triproline segment (residues 99-101) is fully exposed on the back surface of the protein in a long crossover connection between two parallel beta-strands. The proximity of this region to the underlying beta-sheet suggests that post-translational modifications here might have potential synergistic effects on the entire structure. Post-translational modifications that lead to a reduced surface charge could result first in a weakened attachment to the myelin membrane rather than in a gross conformational change of the protein itself. Such mechanisms could be operative in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Microtubule Severing by Elongation Factor 1α (1994)

An activity that severs stable microtubules is thought to be involved in microtubule reorganization during the cell cycle. Here, a 48-kilodalton microtubule-severing protein was purified from Xenopus eggs and identified as translational elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha). Bacterially expressed human EF-1 alpha also displayed microtubule-severing activity in vitro and, when microinjected into fibroblasts, induced rapid and transient fragmentation of cytoplasmic microtubule arrays. Thus, EF-1 alpha, an essential component of the eukaryotic translational apparatus, appears to have a second role as a regulator of cytoskeletal rearrangements.
(Acyloxy)alkyl carbamate prodrugs of norfloxacin (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(Acyloxy)alkyl carbamate prodrugs of norfloxacinJose Alexander, Robert A. Fromtling, Judith A. Bland, Barbara A. Pelak, and Evamarie C. GilfillanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34, 1, 78–81Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00105a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views747Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (531 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Structure-assisted redesign of a protein-zinc-binding site with femtomolar affinity. (1995)

We have inserted a fourth protein ligand into the zinc coordination polyhedron of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) that increases metal affinity 200-fold (Kd = 20 fM). The three-dimensional structures of threonine-199-->aspartate (T199D) and threonine-199-->glutamate (T199E) CAIIs, determined by x-ray crystallographic methods to resolutions of 2.35 Angstrum and 2.2 Angstrum, respectively, reveal a tetrahedral metal-binding site consisting of H94, H96, H119, and the engineered carboxylate side chain, which displaces zinc-bound hydroxide. Although the stereochemistry of neither engineered carboxylate-zinc interaction is comparable to that found in naturally occurring protein zinc-binding sites, protein-zinc affinity is enhanced in T199E CAII demonstrating that ligand-metal separation is a significant determinant of carboxylate-zinc affinity. In contrast, the three-dimensional structure of threonine-199-->histidine (T199H) CAII, determined to 2.25-Angstrum resolution, indicates that the engineered imidazole side chain rotates away from the metal and does not coordinate to zinc; this results in a weaker zinc-binding site. All three of these substitutions nearly obliterate CO2 hydrase activity, consistent with the role of zinc-bound hydroxide as catalytic nucleophile. The engineering of an additional protein ligand represents a general approach for increasing protein-metal affinity if the side chain can adopt a reasonable conformation and achieve inner-sphere zinc coordination. Moreover, this structure-assisted design approach may be effective in the development of high-sensitivity metal ion biosensors.
Hepatic Energy Metabolism during Hypothermic Storage and Reperfusion Using Different Protecting Solutions (1992)

Effects of 5 cold storage solution on hepatic high energy phosphate metabolism and metabolic function were examined using the isolated perfused rat liver. University of Wisconsin (UW), Euro-Collins (EC), and 2 cardioplegic solutions, Bretschneider's HTK and St. Thomas Hospital solution, were studied for their protective capacity. Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (KHB) was used to point out the effect of simple hypothermia. Liver ATP, total adenine nucleotides and energy charge losses were significantly lower during 21 h of storage in UW-preserved livers. Also, only UW-protected livers were able to complete regeneration of ATP and total adenine nucleotides after 1 h of reperfusion, whereas EC, HTK, St. Thomas and KHB stored livers only showed minimal regeneration. Concerning metabolic function, UW protected livers liberated significantly less LDH and sGOT as well in the 21-hour storage solution as into the perfusate under reperfusion conditions. This study demonstrates the capability of UW solution in liver preservation by its ability to maintain and restore high energy phosphates.
Proanthocyanidin: A natural crosslinking reagent for stabilizing collagen matrices (2003)

While attempting to find a suitable crosslinking reagent for biopolymers, a naturally occurring proanthocyanidin (PA) obtained from grape seeds was selected to fix biological tissues. The cytotoxicity and crosslinking rate, reflected by the in vitro and in vivo degradation of fixed matrices has been studied. The shrinkage temperature of the fixed bovine pericardium increased from 66 to 86 degrees C. A cytotoxicity assay using fibroblast cultures revealed that PA is approximately 120 times less toxic than glutaraldehyde (GA), a currently used tissue stabilizer. In vitro degradation studies showed that fixed tissue was resistant to digestion by bacterial collagenase. Crosslinks between PA and tissues can be stabilized by decreasing the dielectric constant of the solution during storage. After subcutaneous implantation for periods ranging between 3 and 6 weeks, we found no apparent degradation of the GA- or PA-fixed tissues, whereas fresh tissue controls rapidly disintegrated. Beyond 6 weeks PA crosslinks began to degrade. More fibroblasts migrated and proliferated inside the PA-fixed implants compared with GA counterparts. Tissues crosslinked with PA manifested an enhanced collagen expression and deposition and did not calcify after implantation. GA, on the other hand, even after thorough rinsing continued to be cytotoxic, inhibited collagen synthesis and encouraged dystrophic calcification. Collagen matrices crosslinked with PA are expected to be of value in the design of matrices that will encourage cell ingrowth and proliferation, which are temporary in nature, and that are intended to regenerate or replace missing tissues, which can delay the biogradation of collagen. As such they should be of significant value in the emerging field of tissue engineering.
ANALYSIS OF XENOANTIGENICITY OF HLA CLASS I MOLECULES BY A COMPLETE SERIES OF HUMAN-MOUSE HYBRID GENES (1989)

To investigate the xenoantigenicity of HLA class I antigens, a complete series of human/mouse chimeric major histocompatibility complex class I genes was constructed by using the human HLA-B7 and mouse H-2Kb genes. All of these hybrid antigens were stably expressed on L cells at high levels. Nine anti-HLA class I monoclonal antibodies, including 5 monomorphic, 3 broad polymorphic, and 2 specific polymorphic ones, were tested by binding to these cell lines. Our data suggest that the alpha 2 domain of HLA-B7 plays an important role in the formation of the antigenic determinants recognized by all of the anti-HLA class I mAbs tested. However, the antigenic determinants of the monomorphic mAbs were complex. In some cases, all of the three extracellular domains were required for expression of the epitope. The location of xenoimmunogenic site of HLA-B7 antigen was also examined by immunizing (B6xC3H)F1 and C3H mice with the parental and hybrid antigens. Our data suggest that the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of HLA-B7 must be expressed together for production of antibodies against monomorphic determinants of HLA class I antigens, while the alpha 3 alone can induce xenoantibodies in (B6xC3H)F1 mice but not in C3H mice.
Object detection via a multi-region & semantic segmentation-aware CNN model (2015)

We propose an object detection system that relies on a multi-region deep convolutional neural network (CNN) that also encodes semantic segmentation-aware features. The resulting CNN-based representation aims at capturing a diverse set of discriminative appearance factors and exhibits localization sensitivity that is essential for accurate object localization. We exploit the above properties of our recognition module by integrating it on an iterative localization mechanism that alternates between scoring a box proposal and refining its location with a deep CNN regression model. Thanks to the efficient use of our modules, we detect objects with very high localization accuracy. On the detection challenges of PASCAL VOC2007 and PASCAL VOC2012 we achieve mAP of 78.2% and 73.9% correspondingly, surpassing any other published work by a significant margin.
Metabolic Biotinylation of Recombinant Proteins in Mammalian Cells and in Mice (2000)

The avidin-biotin system is a fundamental technology in biomedicine for immunolocalization, imaging, nucleic acid blotting, and protein labeling. While this technology is robust, it is limited by the fact that mammalian proteins must be expressed and purified prior to chemical biotinylation using cross-linking agents which modify proteins at random locations to heterogeneous levels and can inactivate protein function. To circumvent this limitation, we demonstrate the ability to metabolically biotinylate tagged proteins in mammalian cells and in mice using the endogenous biotinylation enzymes of the host. Endogenously biotinylated proteins were readily purified from mammalian cells using monomeric avidin and eluted under nondenaturing conditions using only biotin as the releasing agent. This technology should allow recombinant proteins and fragile protein complexes to be produced and purified from mammalian cells as well as from transgenic plants and animals. In addition, this technology may be particularly useful for cell-targeting applications in which proteins or viral gene therapy vectors can be biotinylated at genetically defined sites for combination with other targeting moieties complexed with avidin.
Polymorphism of the C3b/C4b receptor (CR1): characterization of a fourth allele. (1985)

The receptor for C3b/C4b (C3bR or CR1) has an unusual polymorphism in which three codominant alleles determine variants with a large difference in Mr (160,000, 190,000, or 220,000). We found an individual who has, in addition to the common 190,000 Mr molecule, a C3bR whose Mr is 250,000. In this proband and in some members of his family, this novel heterozygous phenotype can be isolated from 125I surface-labeled cells by iC3 or iC4 affinity chromatography or by immunoprecipitation with the use of polyclonal or monoclonal anti-C3bR. Relative to the 190,000 Mr C3bR, E from individuals in this family have 20 to 30% of the total receptor counts in the 250,000 Mr C3bR. However, on C3bR-bearing leukocytes there is a much larger amount of the 250,000 Mr C3bR (approximately 60%) relative to the 190,000 Mr C3bR. Similar to the other three C3bR variants, the Mr is 5,000 greater on polymorphonuclear cells than on E, and treatment of this new C3bR with endoglycosidase F decreases its Mr by approximately 10,000. Therefore, because this variant is inherited and has structural and functional similarities to the other three C3bR, we conclude that this 250,000 Mr CR1 probably represents a fourth allele.
Polarized electroluminescence from oriented p-sexiphenyl vacuum-deposited film (1995)

Oriented sexiphenyl (6P) film was prepared through epitaxial growth on rubbed substrates by vacuum deposition. Polarized absorption spectra demonstrated that the long axis of 6P molecule was highly oriented along the rubbing direction. Using the epitaxial growth film of 6P, we fabricated electroluminescent (EL) devices consisting of indium-tin-oxide anode, emissive layer of 6P, electron-transporting layer of an oxadiazole derivative, and MgAg alloy cathode. Owing to the orientation of 6P molecules, EL polarized in the rubbing direction was observed in the devices.
ABCA1 and nascent HDL biogenesis (2014)

ABCA1 mediates the secretion of cellular free cholesterol and phospholipids to an extracellular acceptor, apolipoprotein AI, to form nascent high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Thus, ABCA1 is a key molecule in cholesterol homeostasis. Functional studies of certain Tangier disease mutations demonstrate that ABCA1 has multiple activities, including plasma membrane remodeling and apoAI binding to cell surface, which participate in nascent HDL biogenesis. Recent advances in our understanding of ABCA1 have demonstrated that ABCA1also mediates unfolding the N terminus of apoAI on the cell surface, followed by lipidation of apoAI and release of nascent HDL. Although ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to apoAI can occur on the plasma membrane, the role of apoAI retroendocytosis during cholesterol efflux may play a role in macrophage foam cells that store cholesterol esters in cytoplasmic lipid droplets.
Improving the rate of success for underrepresented racial minorities in STEM fields: Insights from a national project (2010)

Abstract In this chapter, we summarize findings and offer implications from the first phase of a national longitudinal study of undergraduate STEM majors conducted by the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA.
Identification of New Autoantigens by Protein Array Indicates a Role for IL4 Neutralization in Autoimmune Hepatitis (2012)

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an unresolving inflammation of the liver of unknown cause. Diagnosis requires the exclusion of other conditions and the presence of characteristic features such as specific autoantibodies. Presently, these autoantibodies have relatively low sensitivity and specificity and are identified via immunostaining of cells or tissues; therefore, there is a diagnostic need for better and easy-to-assess markers. To identify new AIH-specific autoantigens, we developed a protein microarray comprising 1626 human recombinant proteins, selected in silico for being secreted or membrane associated. We screened sera from AIH patients on this microarray and compared the reactivity with that of sera from healthy donors and patients with chronic viral hepatitis C. We identified six human proteins that are specifically recognized by AIH sera. Serum reactivity to a combination of four of these autoantigens allows identification of AIH patients with high sensitivity (82%) and specificity (92%). Of the six autoantigens, the interleukin-4 (IL4) receptor fibronectin type III domain of the IL4 receptor (CD124), which is expressed on the surface of both lymphocytes and hepatocytes, showed the highest individual sensitivity and specificity for AIH. Remarkably, patients' sera inhibited STAT6 phosphorylation induced by IL4 binding to CD124, demonstrating that these autoantibodies are functional and suggesting that IL4 neutralization has a pathogenetic role in AIH.
Architecture of the ORION next-generation database system (1990)

Various architectural components of ORION-1 and ORION-1SX are described and a review of the current implementation is provided. The message handler receives all messages sent to the ORION system. The object subsystem provides high-level data management functions, including query optimization, schema management, long data management (including text search) and support for versionable objects, composite objects, and multimedia objects. The transaction management subsystem coordinates concurrent object accesses and provides recovery capabilities. The storage subsystem manages persistent storage of objects and controls the flow of objects between the secondary storage device and main memory buffers. In ORION-1, all subsystems reside in one computer. The ORION-1SX architecture is significantly different from ORION-1 in the management of shared data structures and distribution of these subsystems and their components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Subcutaneous calcium heparin versus intravenous sodium heparin in treatment of established acute deep vein thrombosis of the legs: a multicentre prospective randomised trial. (1987)

One hundred patients with phlebographically proved acute deep vein thrombosis of the legs were prospectively randomised into two treatment groups to compare the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous calcium heparin versus intravenous sodium heparin administered by constant infusion pump. The dose of heparin was determined by daily measurement of the kaolin cephalin clotting time. Treatment was maintained for up to 14 days, after which phlebography was repeated. Of 49 patients who received subcutaneous calcium heparin, two showed an increase in thrombus size, while eight showed complete lysis. In the 47 patients who received intravenous sodium heparin thrombus increased in size in 13 while only one showed evidence of complete lysis. These differences were significant. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of serious complications, although almost half of those receiving intravenous heparin had some minor problem with the constant infusion pump and just over half of those receiving subcutaneous heparin had some bruising at the injection site. This study showed that subcutaneous calcium heparin was more effective in helping lyse existing thrombus and preventing its propagation than intravenous sodium heparin.