gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Laser-Fat Interaction Through Comparing 980 nm Diode Laser With 1064 nm Nd:YAG Laser (2014)

Background: Liposuction nowadays is the most popular way of weight loss and body contouring. It is a mechanical procedure to reduce fat through the back-and-forth movement of a heavy metal called cannula. The thick cannula, essential for efficient fat removal and subsequent suctioning, causes some undesirable effects such as bruise, scars, heavy blood loss, skin laxity and long-run recovery. While, the new method of liposuction using a 100-300 Âµm fiber laser inserted into a thin cannula of 1 mm diameter causes less distress and bleeding. Simultaneous interaction between laser radiation and tissue causes faster skin tightening and coagulation of small blood vessels. Objectives: The study aimed at evaluating the effects of these highly important parameters of lipolysis operations. Materials and Methods: In this study, penetration depth and tissue heating following laser irradiation with a 980 nm diode laser were investigated. This laser is different from 1064 nm Nd:YAG in terms of absorption and scattering coefficient. Hence, dissimilar results for beam penetration and tissue heating were expected. Monte Carlo method was used to simulate radiation (photons) propagation in tissues. Using such simulation can be useful in evaluating penetration depth, absorption, scattering and reflection of the photon within the tissue and across the tissue borders. Temperature rise was simulated using Comsol Multiphysics software. Results: The simulation results showed that the penetration depth and temperature rise of 980 nm wavelengths were different from those of 1064 nm wavelength. It appeared that 1064 nm wavelength penetrated to deeper layers of tissue compared with 980 nm. Moreover, temperature rise during 1064 nm irradiation led to temperature increase in allowable ranges. The findings proved the reason why 1064 nm wavelength are commonly used in laser lipolysis in comparison with 980 nm wavelength. Conclusions: The simulation indicated that temperature rise in 980 nm wavelength was 70.802 â, which was higher than that of 1064 nm wavelength. Therefore, 980 nm laser can leave unwanted negative effects on tissues including hyperthermia.
Sociological Theory and History of Sociology: Autonomy and Interdependence (1985)

tinction between the history and systematics of sociological theory, as I had done very briefly in print before in the introduction to my own explicitly theoretical treatment of the classics (1976). I am not a historian of sociology, although I have published pieces on Marx (1971), Weber (1970), and Parsons (1978; Cartwright and Warner, 1976), and I have been privileged to be a sometime member of George Stocking's Chicago Group for the History of the Social Sciences since its inception six years ago. I speak as a social theorist, making no claim for the originality of what I take to be obvious points, which, however, seem to have been forgotten in the current debate. Above all, I rise to defend the reading of classic texts by present-day working sociologists, on the one hand, and the achievements of intellectual historians, on the other. Because of space limits, I will overstate my case and appear both more presentist than Seidman and more historicist than Jones.
Circuit Simulation of Genetic Networks (1995)

Genetic networks with tens to hundreds of genes are difficult to analyze with currently available techniques. Because of the many parallels in the function of these biochemically based genetic circuits and electrical circuits, a hybrid modeling approach is proposed that integrates conventional biochemical kinetic modeling within the framework of a circuit simulation. The circuit diagram of the bacteriophage lambda lysislysogeny decision circuit represents connectivity in signal paths of the biochemical components. A key feature of the lambda genetic circuit is that operons function as active integrated logic components and introduce signal time delays essential for the in vivo behavior of phage lambda.
Suppression of a nonsense mutation in mammalian cellsin vivoby the aminoglycoside anthiotics G–418 and paromomycin (1985)

Aminoglycoside antibiotics in Escherichia coli and yeast can cause ribosomes to read through stop codons during translation. This can result in the phenotypic suppression of nonsense mutations. We show here for the first time that the aminoglycosides G-418 and paromomycin have similar effects in monkey (COS-7) cells in vivo. Suppression of an amber mutation (TAG) by aminoglycosides can restore the activity of a mutant gene transfected into COS-7 cells to almost 20% of wild type levels.
The Tofu Interconnect (2011)

The Tofu interconnect uses a 6D mesh/torus topology in which each cubic fragment of the network has the embeddability of a 3D torus graph, allowing users to run multiple topology-aware applications. This article describes the Tofu interconnect architecture, the Tofu network router, the Tofu network interface, and the Tofu barrier interface, and presents preliminary evaluation results.
Hyperglucagonemia and Blood Glucose Regulation in Normal, Obese and Diabetic Subjects (1976)

Glucagon was infused to maintain plasma concentrations three to six times the basal level (300 to 600 pg per milliliter) into 16 normal and seven non-diabetic obese subjects. Hyperglucagonemia caused only a transient rise of 5 to 10 mg per 100 ml in basal glucose levels and had no effect on oral glucose tolerance or plasma insulin. In three patients with adult and two with juvenile-onset diabetes on maintenance insulin, hyperglucagonemia maintained for two to four days caused no change in plasma glucose of ketone concentration. In contrast, in nine insulin-withdrawn patients the glycemic response to hyperglucagonemia was five to 15 times greater (P less then 0.05) than in normal controls. Hyperglucagonemia does not cause glucose intolerance in normal subjects or bring about deterioration of diabetic control when insulin is available. Glucagon in the insulin-deprived patient can worsen the diabetic state. These findings suggest the primary role of insulin deficiency in the diabetogenic action of glucagon.
Regulation of the mPTP by SIRT3-mediated deacetylation of CypD at lysine 166 suppresses age-related cardiac hypertrophy (2010)

Cardiac failure is a leading cause of age-related death, though its root cause remains unknown. Mounting evidence implicates a decline in mitochondrial function due to increased opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Here we report that the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT3 deacetylates the regulatory component of the mPTP, cyclophilin D (CypD) on lysine 166, adjacent to the binding site of cyclosporine A, a CypD inhibitor. Cardiac myocytes from mice lacking SIRT3 exhibit an age-dependent increase in mitochondrial swelling due to increased mPTP opening, a phenotype that is rescued by cyclosporine A. SIRT3 knockout mice show accelerated signs of aging in the heart including cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis at 13 months of age. SIRT3 knockout mice are also hypersensitive to heart stress induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC), as evidenced by cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and increased mortality. Together, these data show for the first time that SIRT3 activity is necessary to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy during aging and shed light on new pharmacological approaches to delaying aging and treating diseases in cardiac muscle and possibly other post-mitotic tissues.
Plant organ size control: AINTEGUMENTA regulates growth and cell numbers during organogenesis (2000)

The control of cell proliferation during organogenesis plays an important role in initiation, growth, and acquisition of the intrinsic size of organs in higher plants. To understand the developmental mechanism that controls intrinsic organ size by regulating the number and extent of cell division during organogenesis, we examined the function of the Arabidopsis regulatory gene AINTEGUMENATA (ANT). Previous observations revealed that ANT regulates cell division in integuments during ovule development and is necessary for floral organ growth. Here we show that ANT controls plant organ cell number and organ size throughout shoot development. Loss of ANT function reduces the size of all lateral shoot organs by decreasing cell number. Conversely, gain of ANT function, via ectopic expression of a 35S::ANT transgene, enlarges embryonic and all shoot organs without altering superficial morphology by increasing cell number in both Arabidopsis and tobacco plants. This hyperplasia results from an extended period of cell proliferation and organ growth. Furthermore, cells ectopically expressing ANT in fully differentiated organs exhibit neoplastic activity by producing calli and adventitious roots and shoots. Based on these results, we propose that ANT regulates cell proliferation and organ growth by maintaining the meristematic competence of cells during organogenesis.
Optimisation of transfection conditions of CD34+ hematopoietic cells derived from human umbilical cord blood. (2002)

Human umbilical cord blood is frequently used as a source of transplantable hematopoietic cells and more recently as a target of gene therapy - a new approach for treatment of various disorders. The aim of our study was optimisation of the transfection conditions of cord blood-derived CD34(+) hematopoietic cells. Mononuclear cells fraction was isolated from cord blood samples by density gradient centrifugation. Subsequently, CD34(+) hematopoietic cells were separated on immunomagnetic MiniMACS columns. Pure population of CD34(+) cells was incubated in a serum free medium supplemented with thrombopoietin, stem cell factor and Flt-3 ligand for 48 h and then transfected with plasmid DNA carrying the enhanced version of green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a reporter gene. We studied the influence of various pulse settings and DNA concentrations on the transfection efficiency, measured by flow cytometry as the fluorescence of target cells due to the expression of EGFP. The optimal settings were as follows: 4 mm cuvette, 1600 microF, 550 V/cm, and 10 microg of DNA per 500 microl. With these settings we obtained a high transfection frequency (41.2%) without a marked decrease of cell viability. An increase of the pulse capacitance and/or of DNA concentration resulted in a greater electroporation efficiency, but also in a decrease of cell viability. In conclusion, the results described here allow one to recommend electroporation as an efficient method of gene delivery into CD34(+) hematopoietic cells derived from human umbilical cord blood.
Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabivarin suppresses in vitro epileptiform and in vivo seizure activity in adult rats (2010)

These data demonstrate that Δ⁹-THCV exerts antiepileptiform and anticonvulsant properties, actions that are consistent with a CB1 receptor-mediated mechanism and suggest possible therapeutic application in the treatment of pathophysiologic hyperexcitability states.
Endophytic bacterial diversity in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves described by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and length heterogeneity-PCR (2009)

Diversity of bacterial endophytes associated with grapevine leaf tissues was analyzed by cultivation and cultivation-independent methods. In order to identify bacterial endophytes directly from metagenome, a protocol for bacteria enrichment and DNA extraction was optimized. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene libraries underscored five diverse Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), showing best sequence matches with gamma-Proteobacteria, family Enterobacteriaceae, with a dominance of the genus Pantoea. Bacteria isolation through cultivation revealed the presence of six OTUs, showing best sequence matches with Actinobacteria, genus Curtobacterium, and with Firmicutes genera Bacillus and Enterococcus. Length Heterogeneity-PCR (LH-PCR) electrophoretic peaks from single bacterial clones were used to setup a database representing the bacterial endophytes identified in association with grapevine tissues. Analysis of healthy and phytoplasma-infected grapevine plants showed that LH-PCR could be a useful complementary tool for examining the diversity of bacterial endophytes especially for diversity survey on a large number of samples.
Immunotoxins directed against the high‐molecular‐weight melanoma‐associated antigen. Identification of potent antibody‐toxin combinations (1992)

To study factors influencing the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins (ITs), we compared the in vitro cytotoxicity of conjugates in which the plant toxin abrin and the bacterial toxin Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) were coupled by 2 different procedures to 2 MAbs, 9.2.27 and NR-ML-05, which bind to different epitopes on the melanoma-associated antigen p250. The individual target cell lines differed widely in sensitivity to the different ITs, as assessed by measurement of protein synthesis inhibition. The action of the ITs was highly specific, as the toxicity of abrin and PE conjugates was respectively 20-540 and 2,200-550,000 times higher in antigen-positive cell lines (FEMX, SESX, OHS) than in the antigen-negative line KPDX. The PE conjugates prepared with the 2 different MAbs differed in potency by factors of 16-126 in the target-cell lines, but were consistently more toxic than the abrin ITs. The results demonstrate that the cytotoxicity of ITs varies with the nature of both of its moieties and that optimal results require that toxins and MAbs be matched. Moreover, the 2 coupling procedures affected differentially the binding and potency of some ITs. Each of the 2 toxins was conjugated to a sheep anti-mouse antibody (SAM) and the toxicity of these 2 conjugates was tested in an indirect approach using 9.2.27 and NR-ML-05 as primary MAbs. The results showed that the indirect procedure would have correctly predicted the most potent antibody-toxin pair, indicating that the approach may be valid for selecting suitable combinations of MAbs and toxins for use as direct ITs.
Microphase Separation and High Ionic Conductivity at High Temperatures of Lithium Salt-Doped Amphiphilic Alternating Copolymer Brush with Rigid Side Chains (2015)

An amphiphilic alternating copolymer brush (AACPB), poly{(styrene-g-poly(ethylene oxide))-alt-(maleimide-g-poly{2,5-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl]styrene})}(P{(St-g-PEO)-alt-(MI-g-PMPCS)}), was synthesized by alternating copolymerization of styrene-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (St-PEO) and maleimide-terminated poly{2,5-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)-oxycarbonyl]styrene} (MI-PMPCS) macromonomers using the “grafting through” strategy. 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering were used to determine the molecular characteristics of AACPBs. Although these AACPBs cannot microphase separate with thermal and solvent annealing methods, they can form lamellar structures by doping a lithium salt. This is a first report on lithium salt-induced microphase separation of AACPBs, and the lithium salt-doped AACPBs can serve as solid electrolytes for the transport of lithium ion. For the same AACPB, the ionic conductivity (σ) increases with increasing doping ratio. In addition, σ values of different AACPBs with the same doping ratio become higher for shorter PMPCS side chains. The σ value of the lithium salt-doped AACPB increases with increasing temperature in the range of 25–240 °C, and σ is 1.79 × 10–4 S/cm at 240 °C. The relatively high σ values of the lithium-doped AACPBs at high temperatures benefit from the rigid PMPCS side chain and the AACPB architecture. The lithium salt-doped AACPBs have the potential to serve as solid electrolytes in high-temperature lithium ion batteries.
DNase I sensitive site in the core region of the human β‐globin origin of replication (2002)

HeLa cells were synchronized at late G1, early S, and late S phase of the cell cycle by nocodazole treatment. The cells were permeabilized with Triton X-100, digested with DNAse I, and extracted with 0.2 M ammonium sulfate to remove the digested chromatin. DNA was isolated from the residual chromatin attached to the nuclear matrix, digested with Hind III, and subjected to hybridization with [(32)P] labeled probe located upstream of the core region of the human beta-globin replication origin. The hybridization pattern revealed the existence of a DNase I sensitive site in the core region of the beta-globin replicator. The results suggest that association with the nuclear matrix induce alteration in the chromatin structure of the origin of replication that represents a more open chromatin configuration.
Nonlinear Feedback Control of a Gravity-Assisted Underactuated Manipulator With Application to Aircraft Assembly (2009)

A nonlinear feedback scheme for a gravity-assisted underactuated manipulator with second-order nonholonomic constraints is presented in this paper. The joints of the hyper articulated arm have no dedicated actuators but are activated by gravity. By tilting the base link appropriately, the gravitational torque drives the unactuated links to a desired angular position. With simple locking mechanisms, the hyperarticulated arm can change its configuration using only one actuator at the base. This underactuated arm design was motivated by the need for a compact snake-like robot that can go into aircraft wings and perform assembly operations using heavy end-effectors. The dynamics of the unactuated links are essentially second-order nonholonomic constraints for which there are no general methods to design closed-loop control. We propose a nonlinear closed-loop control law that is guaranteed to be stable in positioning one unactuated joint at a time. We synthesize a Lyapunov function to prove the convergence of this control scheme. The Lyapunov function also generates estimates of the domain of convergence of the control law for various control gains. The control algorithm is implemented on a prototype three-link system. Finally, we provide some experimental results to demonstrate the efficacy of the control scheme.
New Drugs Approved by the FDA New Dosage Forms and Indications Agents Pending FDA Approval Significant Labeling Changes (2006)

This monthly feature will help readers keep current on new drugs, indications, dosage forms, and safety-related changes in labeling or use. Efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information; however, if there are any questions, let us know at hospitalpharmacy@drugfacts.com .
Your wetting day (2007)

Why does water fall off a duck’s back but form bridges between grains of sand at the beach? The answer lies in the physics of surface wetting.
Dityrosine, a specific marker of oxidation, is synthesized by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide system of human neutrophils and macrophages. (1993)

Myeloperoxidase, secreted by activated phagocytes, produces the powerful cytotoxin hypochlorous acid from H2O2 and Cl-. We show that the enzyme can also employ H2O2 to oxidize L-tyrosine to tyrosyl radical, yielding the stable cross-linked product dityrosine. Dityrosine synthesis by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2 system did not require halide and was partially inhibited by Cl-. At physiological concentrations of Cl-, L-tyrosine, and other plasma amino acids, purified myeloperoxidase utilized 26% of the H2O2 in the reaction mixture to form dityrosine. Aminotriazole, cyanide, and azide inhibited the reaction. Phorbol ester-stimulated human neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages similarly generated dityrosine from L-tyrosine by a pathway inhibited by catalase, aminotriazole, and azide. The requirement for H2O2 and the inhibition by heme poisons suggest that activated phagocytes synthesize dityrosine by a peroxidative mechanism. These results indicate that L-tyrosine can compete effectively with Cl- as a substrate for myeloperoxidase and raise the possibility that formation of tyrosyl radical may play a role in the phagocyte inflammatory response. Because dityrosine is protease-resistant, stable to acid hydrolysis, and intensely fluorescent, its identification in tissues may pinpoint targets where phagocytes inflict oxidative damage in vivo.
Construction and molecular characterization of human chimeric T-cell antigen receptors specific for carcinoembryonic antigen. (2010)

CAR45-28zeta induced a wild-type T-cell receptor-like molecular event upon CEA binding, suggesting that this CAR fused gene may be useful for cancer therapy.
ANATOMIC RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY (1998)

With the reduction in morbidity, radical prostatectomy today is an ideal treatment for the cure of prostate cancer in a patient who is curable and who is going to live long enough to need to be cured. Also the widespread application of radical prostatectomy has provided tissue and valuable pathological information that has galvanized research in the field.
Bifidobacterial enolase, a cell surface receptor for human plasminogen involved in the interaction with the host (2009)

The interaction with the host plasminogen/plasmin system represents a novel component in the molecular cross-talk between bifidobacteria and human host. Here, we demonstrated that the plasminogen-binding bifidobacterial species B. longum, B. bifidum, B. breve and B. lactis share the key glycolytic enzyme enolase as a surface receptor for human plasminogen. Enolase was visualized on the cell surface of the model strain B. lactis BI07. The His-tagged recombinant protein showed a high affinity for human plasminogen, with an equilibrium dissociation constant in the nanomolar range. By site-directed mutagenesis we demonstrated that the interaction between the B. lactis BI07 enolase and human plasminogen involves an internal plasminogen-binding site homologous to that of pneumococcal enolase. According to our data, the positively charged residues Lys-251 and Lys-255, as well as the negatively charged Glu-252, of the B. lactis BI07 enolase are crucial for plasminogen binding. Acting as a human plasminogen receptor, the bifidobacterial surface enolase is suggested to play an important role in the interaction process with the host.
Marked Flow-Dependence of Exhaled Nitric Oxide Using a New Technique to Exclude Nasal Nitric Oxide (1997)

Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) may aid in monitoring pulmonary disease. The single-breath NO profile (subjects with nose clip) was described as a NO peak followed by a plateau (NO(PLAT)). Published exhaled NO values vary greatly, possibly due to contamination with nasal NO and differing respiratory maneuvers. We developed a technique to measure pulmonary NO, without nasal NO, by having the subject maintain a positive expiratory pressure (ensuring vellum closure), and we examined the variation in NO(PLAT) over a range of expiratory flows (4.2 to 1,550 ml/s). NO(PLAT) values rose almost 35-fold (3.2 +/- 1.4 ppb to 110.5 +/- 54.8 ppb) with decreasing flow, described by NO(PLAT) = 208.6795 x (flow rate)(-0.5995). However, NO excretion showed an almost 11-fold rise as flow increased. In summary, we present a simple technique for measuring exhaled NO without contamination by nasal NO. There is a marked flow dependence of exhaled NO concentration and excretion. Exhaled pulmonary NO is best measured at very low flow rates to amplify the signal and must be related to the expiratory flow employed.