gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Translocation of an SH2‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SH‐PTP1) to the cytoskeleton of thrombin‐activated platelets (1994)

A significant protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity was found to be associated with the cytoskeleton of thrombin-stimulated platelets. Translocation of the enzyme became maximal within 1-2 min of thrombin stimulation and was suppressed by cytochalasin D or upon inhibition of aggregation. Immunoblotting as well as immunoprecipitation revealed that a PTP with two SH2 domains (SH-PTP1) displayed the same behaviour, translocation to the cytoskeleton showing the same time course as that observed for pp60c-src. We conclude that SH-PTP1 might represent a critical enzyme in the complex interplay between the various proteins regulating protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the cytoskeletal matrix.
IL-21 enhances rituximab-mediated killing of B-lymphoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo (2004)

2581 Background: IL-21 is an IL-2 family cytokine expressed by activated CD4+ T cells. It has potent immunomodulatory activities on a number of cell types and has shown significant anti-tumor activity in preclinical animal studies. Phase I studies in metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma are intended to commence in the first half of 2004. For NK cells, IL-21 promotes activated characteristics, including enhanced cytolytic activity, IFN-γ production, and expression of cell surface CD16. To examine the possible consequences of IL-21 stimulation on antibody mediated NK effector functions, we carried out in vitro and in vivo studies using rituximab/CD20+ lymphoma as a model system. Methods: NK cells were prepared by negative selection from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors, cultured for 3 days ± IL-21, and cytolytic activity was measured against human B-lymphoma cell targets in the presence or absence of rituximab. Additionally, IFN-γ production by NK cells cultured with IL-21 and plate bound IgG was assayed by ELISA. To assess the combined effects of IL-21 and rituximab in vivo, SCID mice (n=10) were injected IV with 106 HS Sultan cells and treated with vehicle, IL-21 (5 mg/kg QD, days 1–5), rituximab (1 mg/kg Q 4th day x 5, starting day 3) or a combination of IL-21 and rituximab. Results: IL-21 enhanced IFN-γ production by NK cells costimulated with plate bound IgG in a dose dependent manner. Compared to control NK cultures, pre-exposure to IL-21 significantly increased lytic activity of NK cells on human B-lymphoma cell targets in the presence of rituximab. Similarly, treatment of HS Sultan bearing mice with a combination of IL-21 and rituximab resulted in significantly increased survival compared to treatment with rituximab alone (70% versus 10% at day 90; p<.004, logrank). Conclusions: In both in vitro and in vivo studies, IL-21 synergistically enhanced rituximab mediated cytotoxicity. These data suggest that antibody mediated NK cell effector functions are augmented by IL-21, and that IL-21 may be clinically useful in the context of antibody based cancer therapy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration ZymoGenetics ZymoGenetics
Composites of Polypyrrole and Carbon Black. 2. Electrosynthesis, Characterization and Influence of Carbon Black Characteristics (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleComposites of Polypyrrole and Carbon Black. 2. Electrosynthesis, Characterization and Influence of Carbon Black CharacteristicsWesley A. Wampler, Chang Wei, and Krishnan RajeshwarCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 3, 585–592Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00051a021https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00051a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Doppler Properties of Polyphase Coded Pulse Compression Waveforms (1983)

Doppler properties of the Frank polyphase code and the recently derived P1, P2, P3, and P4 polyphase codes are investigated and compared. An approximate 4 dB cyclic variation of the peak compressed signal is shown to occur as the Doppler frequency increases. The troughs in the peak-signal response occur whenever the total phase shift across the uncompressed pulse, due to Doppler, is an odd multiple of π radians. It is shown that while the P3 and P4 codes have larger zero-Doppler peak sidelobes than the other codes, the P3 and P4 codes degrade less as the Doppler frequency increases. Also, the effects of amplitude weighting and receiver bandlimiting for both zero and nonzero Doppler are investigated.
Stimulation by human placental conditioned medium of hemopoietic colony formation by human marrow cells (1977)

Medium conditioned by human placental tissue was found to stimulate granulocytic and monocytic colony formation by human marrow cells in semisolid agar cultures. The colony-stimulating activity of unfractionated conditioned medium was equivalent to the activity of standard peripheral blood underlayers. Placentas were a reliable source of active material, and one placenta provided enough material to stimulate 5,000–10,000 cultures of normal or leukemic cells. The colony- stimulating factor in human placental conditioned medium (CSFHPCM) was concentrated and purified 1800-fold using ammonium sulfate precipitation, calcium phosphate gel absorption, DEAE-cellulose batch absorption, gel filtration on Sephadex G-150, and polyarcylamide gel gel electrophoresis. The active factor behaved on gel filtration as a macromolecule with an apparent molecular weight of 30,000 daltons. The active factor in placental conditioned medium was not dependent on the presence of adherent marrow cells with endogenous colony-stimulating activity.
Nicotinamide can lower tumor interstitial fluid pressure: mechanistic and therapeutic implications. (1992)

Several investigators have shown that nicotinamide (NA) may increase the tumor blood flow and/or alleviate temporal fluctuations in tumor blood flow and, consequently, increase pO2. However, the mechanisms of these changes in tumor blood flow are not understood, especially because NA lowers the mean arterial blood pressure in mice. Our hypothesis is that NA may decrease flow resistance in tumors, which would lower vascular pressure and tumor interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP). To test this hypothesis, we measured the physiological parameters: mean arterial blood pressure, TIFP, tumor water content, and hematocrit in C3H mice bearing FSaII tumors, before and after treatment with 500 mg/kg of NA. In control animals, TIFP increased with tumor growth up to 400 mm3, reached a plateau, and then decreased when the tumor size was above 1000 mm3 (n = 135). Tumor water content correlated significantly with TIFT (for tumors less than 500 mm3) (n = 26). NA caused approximately a 15% decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (P less than 0.05) and a 35% decrease in TIFP (P less than 0.001) at 2 h postinjection, without any change in hematocrit. The change in TIFP was found to be tumor size dependent. Specifically, NA decreased the TIFP by 47% (P less than 0.001) and 39% (P less than 0.001) in medium (200 to 500 mm3) and large (500 to 800 mm3) tumors, respectively. The decrease in TIFP in small (less than 200 mm3) and very large (greater than 800 mm3) tumors was not statistically significant (P greater than 0.1). Our results may explain the size-dependent enhancement in pO2 and radiation response reported by I. Lee and C. W. Song (Radiat. Res., 130: 65-71, 1992) for this tumor line. If our results could be confirmed in human tumors in situ, they would have significant implications in noninvasive measurements of TIFP using NMR and in cancer treatment using radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
A Novel Gene Delivery System Targeted to Breast Cancer Cells (2002)

Abstract : We are producing a gene delivery vehicle that uses unique features of viral proteins in a targeted, non-viral gene delivery system. The key features of this system that will lend themselves to gene therapy are: 1) the missile-like targeting capacity; 2) the capacity to transport DNA, and therefore, therapeutic genes; 3) the lack of size restriction, and therefore, the potential capacity to carry any size gene; 4) the lack of viral genes, and therefore, virulence; and, 5) the enhanced ability to enter cells and deliver therapeutic genes. While we expect this system to retain some of the best properties of viral vectors while taking advantage of mechanisms that viruses have evolved to efficiently enter cells, we also expect this system to improve on these mechanisms by introducing cell type-specific targeting capabilities. Because this system is non-viral in nature, it avoids problems inherent in biologic agents, thus enabling pharmaceutical quality control over the final preparations. Potential application of this system includes, but is not limited to, the targeted delivery of therapeutic genes or drugs for cancer treatment or gene replacement therapy.
Cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and expression of the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin gene in Escherichia coli (1993)

A complete copy of the gene (cpe) encoding Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), an important virulence factor involved in C. perfringens food poisoning and other gastrointestinal illnesses, has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The cpe gene was shown to encode a 319-amino-acid polypeptide with a deduced molecular weight of 35,317. There was no consensus sequence for a typical signal peptide present in the 5' region of cpe. Cell lysates from recombinant cpe-positive E. coli were shown by quantitative immunoblot analysis to contain moderate amounts of CPE, and this recombinant CPE was equal to native CPE in cytotoxicity for mammalian Vero cells. CPE expression in recombinant E. coli appeared to be largely driven from a clostridial promoter. Immunoblot analysis also demonstrated very low levels of CPE in vegetative cell lysates of enterotoxin-positive C. perfringens. However, when the same C. perfringens strain was induced to sporulate, much stronger CPE expression was detected in these sporulating cells than in either vegetative C. perfringens cells or recombinant E. coli. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that sporulation is not essential for cpe expression, but sporulation does facilitate high-level cpe expression.
Sleep Apnea in 81 Ambulatory Male Patients With Stable Heart Failure (1998)

Fifty-one percent of male patients with stable heart failure suffer from sleep-related breathing disorders: 40% from central and 11% from obstructive sleep apnea. Both obstructive and central types of sleep apnea result in sleep disruption and arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation. Patients with sleep apnea have a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias.
Optimizing Outcome After Unrelated Marrow Transplantation by Comprehensive Matching of HLA Class I and II Alleles in the Donor and Recipient (1998)

In unrelated marrow transplantation, the benefit of matching class II HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles of the donor and recipient is well documented. Little is known about the clinical relevance of matching for class I HLA-A, B, and C alleles. We used DNA-amplification methods to identify the HLA-A, B, and C alleles of 300 patients and their donors. The incidence of graft failure was correlated with multiple class I mismatching in the donor. The risk of grades III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease was highest with class II mismatching in the recipient. Mismatching for a single class I or class II allele had no effect on survival, but mortality was increased by mismatching for more than one class I allele and by simultaneous mismatching for class I and class II alleles. We conclude that matching HLA class I and class II alleles of the donor and recipient can improve outcome after unrelated marrow transplantation.
Antibodies to Polysialic Acid and its N-Propyl Derivative: Binding Properties and Interaction with Human Embryonal Brain Glycopeptides (1995)

There is no efficient vaccine against group B meningococcal meningitis because of tolerance induced by host tissue polysialic acid cross-reacting with the capsular polysaccharide. The specificities of polysialic acid-antibody interactions were studied using a ligand binding assay. Antibodies 735, 20-1, 2-1B, 2-2B, 5E1, and t5E1 and antibodies against N-propionylated group B meningococcal polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate (NP-4, 106-6) bound polysialylated human embryonal brain glycopeptides but not control glycopeptides or disialosyllactose, whereas antibodies 109-3 and I-627 were more specific for the N-propionylated polysaccharide. Antiganglioside antibodies (KM538, KM641) did not cross-react with polysialic acid. Human class-switched antibodies 5E1 (IgM) and t5E1 (IgG) reacted identically with all compounds tested and no temperature-dependent differences were observed. All anti-polysialosyl antibodies required a polysaccharide chain of 8-10 residues for binding independent of the immunizing antigen, animal species, or immunoglobulin class. The results suggest careful evaluation of polysialic acid cross-reactivity in vaccine development.
Efficiency in Peptide Coupling: 1-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole vs 3,4-Dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazine (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficiency in Peptide Coupling: 1-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole vs 3,4-Dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazineLouis A. Carpino, Ayman El-Faham, and Fernando AlbericioCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 11, 3561–3564Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00116a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00116a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3088Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prevention of irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced diarrhea by oral alkalization combined with control of defecation in cancer patients (2001)

It has been reported that 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxy-camptothecin (CPT-11) and its active metabolite, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38), have absorption characteristics of weakly basic drugs, suggesting that alkalization of the intestinal lumen might reduce reabsorption and its attendant side effects. Furthermore, stasis of stools containing these compounds is thought to induce damage to the intestinal mucosa. The prevention of CPT-11-induced side effects by oral alkalization (OA) combined with control of defecation (CD) was estimated in a case-control study of lung cancer patients. Coinciding with day 1 of CPT-11 infusion and for 4 days thereafter, OA and CD were practiced utilizing orally administered sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, basic water and ursodeoxycholic acid. OA involved the daily use of all four therapeutics, and CD required doses of up to 4.0 g/day of magnesium oxide and 2 L/day of excess basic water. From three ongoing prospective phase I/II studies, we selected 37 consecutive patients who were treated with CPT-11 in combination with cisplatin in the presence of OA and CD (group B). Thirty-two control subjects who were matched to the background characteristics of the case patients were treated with the same regimen in the absence of OA and CD (group A). Toxicities induced by the CPT-11/cisplatin combination were evaluated and analyzed in group A and group B in a case-control format. The use of OA and CD resulted in significantly higher stool pH (p < 0.0001), while reducing the incidence of delayed diarrhea (> or = grade 2: group A 32.3% versus group B 9.4%; p = 0.005), nausea (p = 0.0001), vomiting (p = 0.001) and myelotoxicity, especially granulocytopenia (p = 0.03) and lymphocytopenia (p = 0.034). In addition, dose intensification was well tolerated in patients receiving OA and CD, allowing dose escalation from 35.6 +/- 6.0 to 39.9 +/- 5.6 mg/m(2)/week (p < 0.001). Tumor response rates for non-small cell lung cancer were 59.3% (16/27 patients) in group B compared with 38.5% (10/26 patients) in group A. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of CPT-11-induced delayed diarrhea greater than grade 2 was associated with OA and CD (odds ratio for delayed diarrhea, 0.14 with use of OA and CD; 95% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.4; p = 0.0002) and age (odds ratio, 1.08 per increase in age; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.15; p = 0.009). OA and CD appear to be useful in preventing the dose-limiting side effects of CPT-11 noted in clinical practice, mainly nausea, vomiting, granulocytopenia and especially delayed diarrhea. Risk factors statistically associated with delayed diarrhea include advanced age and the use of CPT-11 without OA and CD.
A strategy for nonlinear elastic inversion of seismic reflection data (1986)

Abstract The problem of interpretation of seismic reflection data can be posed with sufficient generality using the concepts of inverse theory. In its roughest formulation, the inverse problem consists of obtaining the Earth model for which the predicted data best fit the observed data. If an adequate forward model is used, this best model will give the best images of the Earth's interior.Three parameters are needed for describing a perfectly elastic, isotropic, Earth: the density rho (x) and the Lame parameters lambda (x) and mu (x), or the density rho (x) and the P-wave and S-wave velocities alpha (x) and beta (x). The choice of parameters is not neutral, in the sense that although theoretically equivalent, if they are not adequately chosen the numerical algorithms in the inversion can be inefficient. In the long (spatial) wavelengths of the model, adequate parameters are the P-wave and S-wave velocities, while in the short (spatial) wavelengths, P-wave impedance, S-wave impedance, and density are adequate. The problem of inversion of waveforms is highly nonlinear for the long wavelengths of the velocities, while it is reasonably linear for the short wavelengths of the impedances and density. Furthermore, this parameterization defines a highly hierarchical problem: the long wavelengths of the P-wave velocity and short wavelengths of the P-wave impedance are much more important parameters than their counterparts for S-waves (in terms of interpreting observed amplitudes), and the latter are much more important than the density. This suggests solving the general inverse problem (which must involve all the parameters) by first optimizing for the P-wave velocity and impedance, then optimizing for the S-wave velocity and impedance, and finally optimizing for density.The first part of the problem of obtaining the long wavelengths of the P-wave velocity and the short wavelengths of the P-wave impedance is similar to the problem solved by present industrial practice (for accurate data interpretation through velocity analysis and 'prestack migration'). In fact, the method proposed here produces (as a byproduct) a generalization to the elastic case of the equations of 'prestack acoustic migration.'Once an adequate model of the long wavelengths of the P-wave velocity and of the short wavelengths of the P-wave impedance has been obtained, the data residuals should essentially contain information on S-waves (essentially P-S and S-P converted waves). Once the corresponding model of S-wave velocity (long wavelengths) and S-wave impedance (short wavelengths) has been obtained, and if the remaining residuals still contain information, an optimization for density should be performed (the short wavelengths of impedances do not give independent information on density and velocity independently).Because the problem is nonlinear, the whole process should be iterated to convergence; however, the information from each parameter should be independent enough for an interesting first solution.
Underwater Application of Quantitative PCR on an Ocean Mooring (2011)

The Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) is a device that allows for the underwater, autonomous application of DNA and protein probe array technologies as a means to remotely identify and quantify, in situ, marine microorganisms and substances they produce. Here, we added functionality to the ESP through the development and incorporation of a module capable of solid-phase nucleic acid extraction and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Samples collected by the instrument were homogenized in a chaotropic buffer compatible with direct detection of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and nucleic acid purification. From a single sample, both an rRNA community profile and select gene abundances were ascertained. To illustrate this functionality, we focused on bacterioplankton commonly found along the central coast of California and that are known to vary in accordance with different oceanic conditions. DNA probe arrays targeting rRNA revealed the presence of 16S rRNA indicative of marine crenarchaea, SAR11 and marine cyanobacteria; in parallel, qPCR was used to detect 16S rRNA genes from the former two groups and the large subunit RuBisCo gene (rbcL) from Synecchococcus. The PCR-enabled ESP was deployed on a coastal mooring in Monterey Bay for 28 days during the spring-summer upwelling season. The distributions of the targeted bacterioplankon groups were as expected, with the exception of an increase in abundance of marine crenarchaea in anomalous nitrate-rich, low-salinity waters. The unexpected co-occurrence demonstrated the utility of the ESP in detecting novel events relative to previously described distributions of particular bacterioplankton groups. The ESP can easily be configured to detect and enumerate genes and gene products from a wide range of organisms. This study demonstrated for the first time that gene abundances could be assessed autonomously, underwater in near real-time and referenced against prevailing chemical, physical and bulk biological conditions.