gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cap-specific mRNA (nucleoside-O2'-)-methyltransferase and poly(A) polymerase stimulatory activities of vaccinia virus are mediated by a single protein. (1992)

The vaccinia virus gene for S-adenosyl-L-methionine:mRNA (nucleoside-O2'-)-methyltransferase, an enzyme required for the formation of the 5' cap structure of mRNA, was identified. Protein sequence analysis revealed that this cap-specific methyltransferase is derived from the same open reading frame as that previously shown to encode VP39, a Mr 39,000 dissociable subunit of poly(A) polymerase that stimulates the formation of long poly(A) tails. Consistent with this finding, methyltransferase activity was associated with the heterodimeric poly(A) polymerase, which is composed of VP55 and VP39 subunits, as well as with monomeric VP39 protein isolated from vaccinia virions. In addition, cap-specific nucleoside-O2'-methyltransferase activity is associated with recombinant VP39, which was purified to near homogeneity from mammalian cells. From these data, we concluded that the same protein functions as a methyltransferase and a poly(A) polymerase stimulatory factor to modify the 5' and 3' ends of mRNA, respectively.
Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis With Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy (1992)

For patients with systemic sclerosis of recent onset, extracorporeal photochemotherapy is a well-tolerated treatment that may partially reverse the process that results in cutaneous sclerosis.
Mechanism of synergistic action following co-treatment with pramipexole and fluoxetine or sertraline in the forced swimming test in rats. (2007)

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of combined treatment of male Wistar rats with pramipexole and fluoxetine or sertraline in the forced swimming test. The obtained results showed that co-treatment with pramipexole (0.1 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) or sertraline (5 mg/kg) (in doses inactive per se) exhibited antidepressant-like activity in the forced swimming test. Sulpiride (a dopamine D(2/3) receptor antagonist) and WAY 100635 (a 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist), either being ineffective in the forced swimming test, inhibited the antidepressant-like effect induced by co-administration of pramipexole and fluoxetine or sertraline. However, SCH 23390 (a dopamine D(1) receptor antagonist) only partly did not alter the effect of pramipexole given jointly with antidepressant drugs; on the other hand, S 33084 (a dopamine D(3) receptor antagonist) only partly decreased (in a statistically insignificant manner) that effect. Moreover, progesterone and BD 1047 (a sigma(1) receptor antagonist) counteracted the antidepressant-like effect induced by co-administration of pramipexole and sertraline (but not pramipexole and fluoxetine). In that test, active behavior did not reflect the increases in general activity, since combined administration of pramipexole and fluoxetine or sertraline failed to enhance the locomotor activity of rats. None of the tested drugs (SCH 23390, sulpiride, S 33084, WAY 100635, BD 1047 and progesterone) - alone or in combination with pramipexole and fluoxetine or sertraline - changed locomotor activity. The results described in the present paper indicate that co-administration of pramipexole and fluoxetine or sertraline may induce a more pronounced antidepressive activity than does treatment with pramipexole alone, and that in addition to other mechanisms, dopamine D(2/3) and 5-HT(1A) receptors may contribute to the antidepressant-like activity of pramipexole and fluoxetine or sertraline in the forced swimming test in rats. Moreover, sigma(1) receptors may constitute one of the possible mechanisms by which co-administration of pramipexole and sertraline induces antidepressant-like activity in that test.
Treatment of Partial Meniscal Tears Identified During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Limited Synovial Abrasion (2000)

This is a retrospective review of the results of 40 patients with 44 partial stable meniscal tears who were treated with parameniscal synovial abrasion at the time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. There were 19 medial meniscal (MM) tears and 25 lateral meniscal (LM) tears. Meniscal tear morphology included 33 single longitudinal tears (18 MM, 15 LM), 10 double longitudinal tears (1 MM, 9 LM), and 1 radial tear (LM). All 44 tears were located in the posterior horn or posterior junction of the meniscus. Rim width was </=3 mm in 29 and >3 mm in 15 tears. In this study, failure was defined as a symptomatic meniscal tear requiring subsequent surgery. The overall failure rate at an average follow-up of 3.3 years was 11% (5 of 44). Four failures occurred in the MM (21% of total MM tears) and 1 failure occurred in the LM (4% of total LM tears). The median time to failure was 12 months with 3 of 5 failures occurring secondary to a significant reinjury. We looked at the effect of 8 factors on overall failure rate. Although statistical validity was not established in this small patient population, we did observe a higher failure rate for stable MM tears. Our study supports the small amount of literature that shows a high clinical success rate with observation of stable LM tears identified at the time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, the much higher failure rate of stable MM tears raises concern. This difference is explained by biomechanical and clinical studies showing that the MM develops higher stresses than the LM with loading. Based on this work, we believe that stable longitudinal MM tears have a higher propensity to fail over time by propagation of the tear and are better managed with meniscal repair.
Young And old in Homer and in Heike Monogatari (1993)

Homer's epics have been compared with many other epic traditions in the world, such as Sumerian, Indian, Serbo-Croatian, Medieval German, and Old French epics, from various points of view, such as narrative techniques, genesis of traditions, oral or writtern nature of texts, and motifs. If comparative studies of the existing sort have any significance, it is rather surprising that there has been no serious attempt to compare Homer's epics and Heike monogatari (translated as The Tale of the Heike , Heike for short), the best of the medieval Japanese epics, for there are many reasons to believe that the comparison could be worthwhile.1 While many of the oral epic traditions in Europe, including Homer, have been long dead, the Heike has kept a lively tradition of performance (chanting accompanied by a type of lute) by travelling bards until recently, and still today there are a few performers. One can therefore still obtain first-hand knowledge of the performance which might throw light on some unknown features of oral epics.2 Rather like Homer's influence over Greek literature and culture, the Heike has influenced the way of life and thinking of the Japanese profoundly thanks to its popularity and wide circulation. The way in which the Heike influenced other arts, such as no plays, is comparable to Homer's influence on later Greek literature such as tragedy,3 and the way the Heike's warriors set models for later warrior ethics4 is comparable to the Homeric influence on the later Greek senses of virtue (arete) , honour time) , shame (aidoōs) , and so on.
Differential responses of Aedes and Culex mosquitoes to octenol or light in combination with carbon dioxide in Queensland, Australia (1994)

Field studies were conducted with EVS (encephalitis vector surveillance) traps in south-eastern Queensland, Australia, to determine the relative response rates of mosquitoes to three levels (0.1, 4.5 and 30 mg/h) of 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) in combination with a standard bait of 2200 g carbon dioxide (CO2), compared with CO2 alone or CO2 with light from a 6V incandescent bulb. Compared to CO2 alone, Aedes vigilax collections increased significantly when CO2 was supplemented by all three octenol emission levels, but not by the addition of light. Furthermore, the 4.5 and 30 mg/h release rate of octenol gave a significant increase in numbers of Ae.vigilax relative to that from CO2+light. In contrast, collections of Culex annulirostris and Culex sitiens were not enhanced significantly by either the addition of light or octenol at all three levels. Fewer Cx sitiens were collected with octenol released at 4.5 mg/h in comparison to CO2 alone. These differential sampling rates should be taken into account when using EVS traps.
Systems engineering - how to make a radio telescope work (2012)

The South African SKA organisation is using systems engineering to build the 64-antenna MeerKAT radio telescope.
Nerve Blocks and Neuroablative Surgery for Chronic Pancreatitis (2003)

Surgical decompressive procedures for "large-duct" chronic pancreatitis have been notably successful in relieving pain. However, management of patients with intractable pain from "small-duct" chronic pancreatitis has been difficult, often resulting in narcotic addiction and/or malnutrition from major pancreatic resection. In view of the disappointing results from extensive pancreatic resections in these cases, denervation of pancreatic sympathetic pain afferents has been suggested as an alternative. Although denervation procedures have been attempted at multiple anatomical levels, results have unfortunately been mixed. The observed variability in results has been attributed to poor patient selection, incomplete understanding of neurophysiology of pancreatic pain, and perhaps inadequate knowledge of pancreatic neuroanatomy. At present, the preferred form of neural ablation is splanchnicectomy. However, a consistent and reliable method for identifying candidates for splanchnicectomy is critical, as it is clinically difficult to distinguish true pancreatic pain from other nociceptive conditions masquerading as pancreatic pain. Differential epidural anesthesia (DEA) is a promising, safe test for initial evaluation and patient selection, although it is not as precise as sometimes claimed. Patients responding to sympathetic block during DEA seem to be the best candidates for operative sympathetic ablation. At the moment, the optimal surgical approach to splanchnic ablation, which offers the least morbid technique, most favorable results, and an attractive risk-benefit ratio, is bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy. More experience and longer follow-up will be necessary to evaluate this approach.
Multiple doses of sclerostin antibody romosozumab in healthy men and postmenopausal women with low bone mass: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (2013)

Romosozumab (formerly AMG 785/CDP7851) is a monoclonal antibody that blocks sclerostin from inhibiting osteoblast maturation and function. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, ascending multiple-dose study enrolled 32 postmenopausal women and 16 healthy men with low bone mass. Women received six doses of 1 or 2 mg/kg once every 2 weeks (Q2W) or three doses of 2 or 3 mg/kg once every 4 weeks (Q4W) or placebo; and men received 1 mg/kg Q2W or 3 mg/kg Q4W or placebo. Mean serum romosozumab exposures increased approximately dose-proportionally. Romosozumab increased serum type 1 aminoterminal propeptide (PINP) by 66-147%, decreased serum C-telopeptide (sCTX) by 15-50%, and increased lumbar spine bone mineral density by 4-7%. Two subjects developed neutralizing antibodies without discernable effects on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, or safety. Adverse event rates were balanced between groups without any significant safety findings. These data support continued investigation of sclerostin inhibition in disorders that could benefit from increased bone formation.
2-Deoxy-D-glucose enhances sensitivity of human histiocytic lymphoma U937 cells to apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor. (1995)

It has been reported that the cytotoxic effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on cells of several tumor cell lines was potentiated in culture media lacking glucose. Also, the antitumor effect of TNF was shown to be enhanced in vivo in mice treated with insulin to reduce their blood glucose level. The present study was aimed to reveal whether (a) the administration of the glucose antimetabolite 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) has an effect similar to that of reduction of the extracellular glucose concentration; (b) the combined treatment with TNF and 2DG, similar to TNF alone, leads to apoptosis; and (c) there is a preference of cells in a particular phase of the cell cycle to undergo apoptosis in the presence of these agents. Exponentially growing human histiocytic lymphoma U937 cells were exposed to 0.1-0.5 nM of recombinant human TNF-alpha in the absence and presence of 1.0-5.0 mM 2DG. Analysis of the cell proliferation rates and their viability revealed that cytotoxicity of TNF was markedly potentiated by 2DG. Thus, administration of 1.0 mM 2DG to the cultures treated with 0.3 nM recombinant human TNF-alpha increased by 2-3-fold the percentage of dead cells after 24-72 h. The antimetabolite alone, at that low concentration, showed minimal cytotoxicity. More than additive cytotoxic effects also were seen at 2.5 and 5.0 mM concentrations of 2DG. Apoptosis was identified by typical changes in cell morphology, preferential degradation of internucleosomal DNA, and in situ extensive DNA strand breakage. The number of cells with DNA strand breaks after 24-h incubation was increased from 13% (0.1 nM TNF alone) to 20 or 45% in the presence of 2.5 or 5.0 mM 2DG, respectively. There was no evidence of a significant cell cycle phase preference in induction of apoptosis by combined treatment with recombinant human TNF-alpha and 2DG, although 2DG alone reduced the percentage of cells in S and G2 + M, apparently by arresting cells in G1. These data, along with observations in other cell systems, suggest that simultaneous stimulatory signals for growth induction, presumed to be provided by TNF, and growth suppression (inhibition of glycolysis) may preferentially trigger apoptosis of transformed cells. The data also suggest that 2DG may be an effective adjunct to TNF in the clinic, increasing the antitumor potency of this cytokine.
A mm-sized free-floating wirelessly powered implantable optical stimulating system-on-a-chip (2018)

Thanks to its cell-type specificity, high spatiotemporal precision, and reversibility, optogenetic neuromodulation has been widely utilized in brain mapping, visual prostheses, psychological disorders, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and cardiac electrophysiology [1]. While a variety of optical neural interfaces have been developed, most have substantial limitations due to their size and tethering, needed to either deliver light or electricity, which may restrict the animal movements and bias the results, particularly in behavioral studies. In contrast, wirelessly powered optogenetic interfaces improve accuracy, reliability, and validity of the outcomes by eliminating tethers. Recently, a few wirelessly powered optogenetics approaches have been reported with impressive reduction in size of the implant [2]. However, their practical application is impeded by requiring high operating frequencies in GHz range, which increases the risk of exposure to unsafe electromagnetic specific absorption rates (SAR), resulting in excessive heat generation. They also lack proper control over optical stimulus characteristics. Towards this end, we propose a practical mm-sized Free-Floating Wirelessly-powered implantable Optical Stimulating (FF-WIOS) SoC to not only eliminate the tethering effects but also reduce the level of invasiveness and SAR in the tissue.
Resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) generated by lentivirus vector-mediated delivery of the CCR5Δ32 gene despite detectable expression of the HIV-1 co-receptors (2008)

It has previously been demonstrated that there are two distinct mechanisms for genetic resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) conferred by the CCR5Delta32 gene: the loss of wild-type CCR5 surface expression and the generation of CCR5Delta32 protein, which interacts with CXCR4. To analyse the protective effects of long-term expression of the CCR5Delta32 protein, recombinant lentiviral vectors were used to deliver the CCR5Delta32 gene into human cell lines and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells that had been immortalized by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. Blasticidin S-resistant cell lines expressing the lentivirus-encoded CCR5Delta32 showed a significant reduction in HIV-1 Env-mediated fusion assays. It was shown that CD4(+) T lymphocytes expressing the lentivirus-encoded CCR5Delta32 gene were highly resistant to infection by a primary but not by a laboratory-adapted X4 strain, suggesting different infectivity requirements. In contrast to previous studies that analysed the CCR5Delta32 protective effects in a transient expression system, this study showed that long-term expression of CCR5Delta32 conferred resistance to HIV-1 despite cell-surface expression of the HIV co-receptors. The results suggest an additional unknown mechanism for generating the CCR5Delta32 resistance phenotype and support the hypothesis that the CCR5Delta32 protein acts as an HIV-suppressive factor by altering the stoichiometry of the molecules involved in HIV-1 entry. The lentiviral-CCR5Delta32 vectors offer a method of generating HIV-resistant cells by delivery of the CCR5Delta32 gene that may be useful for stem cell- or T-cell-based gene therapy for HIV-1 infection.
Low-birefringence single-mode optical fibers: preparation and polarization characteristics (1978)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. Schneider, H. Harms, A. Papp, and H. Aulich, "Low-birefringence single-mode optical fibers: preparation and polarization characteristics," Appl. Opt. 17, 3035-3037 (1978) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Multiple imaging and multiple Fourier transformation using planar microlens arrays (1990)

A new type of multiple imaging and multiple Fourier transformation system under coherent illumination using microlens arrays has been developed. The optical system is based on geometrical optics instead of convolution or diffraction. As a result, it has the advantage of design flexibility especially in alignment of the duplicate images. The experimental results of the system, which are implemented using planar microlens arrays fabricated by an ion exchange technique, are also discussed.
Synthesis of RNA by In Vitro Transcription (2010)

In vitro transcription is a simple procedure that allows for template-directed synthesis of RNA molecules of any sequence from short oligonucleotides to those of several kilobases in μg to mg quantities. It is based on the engineering of a template that includes a bacteriophage promoter sequence (e.g. from the T7 coliphage) upstream of the sequence of interest followed by transcription using the corresponding RNA polymerase. In vitro transcripts are used in analytical techniques (e.g. hybridization analysis), structural studies (for NMR and X-ray crystallography), in biochemical and genetic studies (e.g. as antisense reagents), and as functional molecules (ribozymes and aptamers).
Fault synthetic recognition for an EHV transmission line using a group of neural networks with a time–space property (1998)

Fault diagnosis of an extra high voltage (EHV) transmission line is of great importance to the restoration decision system of power systems. At present, the research of neural networks (NNs) in this problem area still has some limitations. This paper details the development and building of an intelligent system of NN groups with a time–space property for EHV transmission line fault synthetic recognition and performance analysis. The structure of each NN model is divided according to the principle of dynamic time interval on the basis of analysing the interrelation and indefinite operating sequences of all apparatus in the case of faults occurring in the transmission line. Simulation results on the system show that this system can perform fault synthetic recognition exactly and has a forecast fault function.
[Neuropathies caused by thalidomide]. (1985)

Symptoms and signs in four patients with thalidomide-induced neuropathy developing during treatment of discoid lupus were limited for long period to distal paresthesiae with altered sensory conduction velocities. Semi-thin biopsy specimens of the distal sural nerve showed depopulation of myelinized fibers, mainly affecting those of large caliber, and signs of axonal degeneration. Study of dissociated fibers showed a high proportion of E fibers. Morphometry confirmed the axonal lesion. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated anomalies of axons of amyelinic fibers (vacuoles, lamellar figures) and of Schwann cells (stacked cytoplasmic prolongations), together with numerous collagen pockets, all non-specific lesions. The disease course was slow, with disappearance of sensory symptoms in a few weeks in 3 of the 4 cases and normal clinical findings in one of the four patients one year after cessation of treatment. Definite correlations between the dose administered and the severity of the neuropathy could not be established. The still poorly understood mechanism of action is discussed.
Deficiency of tenascin‐C attenuates liver fibrosis in immune‐mediated chronic hepatitis in mice (2006)

Tenascin-C (TNC), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is upregulated in chronic liver disease. Here, we investigated the contribution of TNC to liver fibrogenesis by comparing immune-mediated hepatitis in wild-type (WT) and TNC-null (TNKO) mice. Eight-week-old BALB/c mice received weekly intravenous injections of concanavalin A to induce hepatitis, and were sacrificed one week after the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th injections. In WT livers, immunohistochemical staining revealed a gradual increase in TNC deposition. TNC mRNA levels also increased sequentially and peaked after the 9th injection. Collagen deposition, stained with picrosirius red, was significantly less intense in TNKO mice than in WT mice, and procollagen I and III transcripts were significantly upregulated in WT mice compared with TNKO mice. Inflammatory infiltrates were most prominent after the 3rd-6th injections in both groups and were less intense in TNKO mice than in WT mice. Interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-4 mRNA levels were significantly higher in WT mice than in TNKO mice, while activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and myofibroblasts, a cellular source of TNC and procollagens, were more common in WT livers. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in WT mice, but not in TNKO mice. In conclusion, TNC can promote liver fibrogenesis through enhancement of inflammatory response with cytokine upregulation, HSC recruitment, and TGF-beta expression during progression of hepatitis to fibrosis.