gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Correlation between miRNA and Lymph Node Metastasis in Gastric Cancer (2015)

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) in gastric cancer is associated with higher rate of cancer recurrence and poor prognosis. As a result, a reliable biomarker for the prediction of LNM is important and would be valuable in the clinical practice. MiRNA microarray revealed that ten miRNAs were expressed significantly different among patients with or without LNM. A total of 46 gastric cancer patients were enrolled and divided into two groups (23 in each group) according to the presence or absence of LNM. RT-PCR of these 10 miRNAs was investigated and compared between the two groups. MiR-1207-5p was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer patients without LNM compared with those with LNM. Patients with upregulated miR-1207-5p had less scirrhous stromal reaction, less lymphovascular invasion, and earlier pathological T category, N category, and TNM stage, compared with those with downregulated or unchanged miR-1207-5p. Multivariate analysis showed that stromal reaction type, lymphovascular invasion, pathological T category and TNM stage, and expression of miR-1207-5p were independent risk factors of LNM. MiR-1207-5p could serve as a useful biomarker in the prediction of LNM in gastric cancer.
NF-κB Induces Expression of the Bcl-2 Homologue A1/Bfl-1 To Preferentially Suppress Chemotherapy-Induced Apoptosis (1999)

Recent evidence indicates that the transcription factor NF-kappaB is a major effector of inducible antiapoptotic mechanisms. For example, it was shown that NF-kappaB activation suppresses the activation of caspase 8, the apical caspase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family signaling cascades, through the transcriptional regulation of certain TRAF and IAP proteins. However, it was unknown whether NF-kappaB controls other key regulatory mechanisms in apoptosis. Here we show that NF-kappaB activation suppresses mitochondrial release of cytochrome c through the activation of the Bcl-2 family member A1/Bfl-1. The restoration of A1 in NF-kappaB null cells diminished TNF-induced apoptosis by reducing the release of proapoptotic cytochrome c from mitochondria. In addition, A1 potently inhibited etoposide-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the release of cytochrome c and by blocking caspase 3 activation. Our findings demonstrate that A1 is an important antiapoptotic gene controlled by NF-kappaB and establish that the prosurvival function of NF-kappaB can be manifested at multiple levels.
Glutathione, a first line of defense against cadmium toxicity (1987)

Experimental modulation of cellular glutathione levels has been used to explore the role of glutathione in cadmium toxicity. Mice treated with buthionine sulfoximine [an effective irreversible inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (EC 6.3.2.2) that decreases cellular levels of glutathione markedly] were sensitized to the toxic effects of CdCl2. Mice pretreated with a sublethal dose of Cd2+ to induce metallothionein synthesis were not sensitized to Cd2+ by buthionine sulfoximine. Mice sensitized to Cd2+ by buthionine sulfoximine were protected against a lethal dose of Cd2+ by glutathione mono isopropyl ester (L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycylisopropyl ester), but not by glutathione. These results are in accord with studies that showed that glutathione mono esters (in contrast to glutathione) are efficiently transported into cells and converted intracellularly to glutathione. The findings indicate that intracellular glutathione functions in protection against Cd2+ toxicity, and that this tripeptide provides a first line of defense against Cd2+ before induction of metallothionein synthesis occurs. The experimental approach used here in which cellular levels of glutathione are decreased or increased seems applicable to investigation of other types of metal toxicity and of other glutathione-dependent biological phenomena.
Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide Production by Chemical Looping over Iron‐Aluminium Oxides (2015)

Abstract H 2 and CO production from H 2 O and CO 2 is investigated experimentally using a two‐step chemical looping process based on the redox cycles of iron‐alumina mixed oxides. The reduction of Fe 3 O 4 in the first endothermic step is followed by the splitting of CO 2 or H 2 O in a second exothermic step. The iron‐aluminum oxides are more reactive with H 2 O than with CO 2 in the range 650–750 °C. In situ XRD shows that deactivation results from different processes: iron oxide sintering and the formation of spinel (FeAl 2 O 4 ) with a lower oxygen‐storage capacity. However, FeAl 2 O 4 assumes the role of Al 2 O 3 and mitigates the iron oxide sintering. Deactivation at 650 °C is governed predominantly by sintering, and the further loss of activity is caused by combined sintering and spinel formation. Spinel formation is more dominant at 750 °C. A mixed oxide of Fe 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 with a mass ratio of 70:30 was the most active and stable for H 2 O and CO 2 splitting in chemical looping.
Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) expression in normal prostatic glands and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN): Association with diagnosis of prostate cancer (2004)

Higher expression of AMACR in normal glands near a focus of cancer, as well as in the subjects eventually showing cancer, suggests a possible field effect in prostatic carcinogenesis. AMACR expression in normal glands therefore might be a useful predictor for repeat biopsy outcomes or as an intermediate endpoint in chemoprevention studies.
Thick-tissue bioreactor as a platform for long-term organotypic culture and drug delivery (2012)

We have developed a novel, portable, gravity-fed, microfluidics-based platform suitable for optical interrogation of long-term organotypic cell culture. This system is designed to provide convenient control of cell maintenance, nutrients, and experimental reagent delivery to tissue-like cell densities housed in a transparent, low-volume microenvironment. To demonstrate the ability of our Thick-Tissue Bioreactor (TTB) to provide stable, long-term maintenance of high-density cellular arrays, we observed the morphogenic growth of human mammary epithelial cell lines, MCF-10A and their invasive variants, cultured under three-dimensional (3D) conditions inside our system. Over the course of 21 days, these cells typically develop into hollow "mammospheres" if cultured in standard 3D Matrigel. This complex morphogenic process requires alterations in a variety of cellular functions, including degradation of extracellular matrix that is regulated by cell-produced matrix proteinases. For our "drug" delivery testing and validation experiments we have introduced proteinase inhibitors into the fluid supply system, and we observed both reduced proteinase activity and inhibited cellular morphogenesis. The size inhibition results correlated well with the overall proteinase activities of the tested cells.
JC virus, a human polyomavirus associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: additional biological characteristics and antigenic relationships (1977)

JC virus, a human polyomavirus, failed to grow or produce cytopathic effects in any of a variety of cells tested other than primary human fetal glial (PHFG) cells. Cells tested included other primary human cells and glial cells from other animals. Only a rare cell in inoculated insusceptible human cell cultures produced T or virion antigen. In PHFG cell cultures JC virus produced subtle cytopathic effects, and the majority of progeny remained cell associated. Only a few cells in the heterogenous PHFG cell cultures contained T antigen at 24 h postinoculation, and virion antigen was not detected until 48 h postinoculation. The infectivity of JC virus was resistant to inactivation by ether and by heating at 50 degrees C for 1 h. A three-way minor antigenic relationship was demonstrated among the virion antigens of JC virus, BK virus, and simian virus 40 by neurtralization and/or hemagglutination inhibition tests. Serological evidence is presented for the existence of JC virus as a distinct entity before the use of simian virus 40-contaminated poliovirus vaccines and for the nonexistence of an animal reservoir for JC virus infection.
Nanopillar array on a fiber facet for highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (2012)

A highly-sensitive optical fiber surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor has been developed by interference lithography. While one facet of the optical fiber is patterned with silver-coated nanopillar array as a SERS platform, the other end of the probe is used, in a remote end detection, to couple the excitation laser into the fiber and send the SERS signal to the spectrometer. SERS performance of the probe is characterized using trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)-ethylene (BPE) monolayer and an enhancement factor of 1.2 × 10(7) can be achieved by focusing the laser directly onto the nanopillar array (front end detection). We also demonstrate that this probe can be used for in situ remote sensing of toluene vapor by the remote end detection. Such a fiber SERS probe shows great potential for molecular detection in various sensing applications.
NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 cancer-testis antigens are potential targets for immunotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer. (2003)

Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are expressed in a variety of cancers, but not in normal adult tissues, except for germ cells of the testis, and hence appear to be ideal targets for immunotherapy. In an effort to examine the potential of NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 CT antigens for immunotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we examined the expression of these antigens by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a large panel of EOC tissues and cell lines. Sera from a subgroup of the patients were tested for NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 antibody by ELISA. The data indicated that four ovarian cancer cell lines were positive for one or both CT antigens. Expression of NY-ESO-1 in EOC was demonstrated by RT-PCR and/or IHC in 82 of 190 (43%) specimens. NY-ESO-1 expression by IHC ranged from homogeneous to heterogeneous pattern. LAGE-1 mRNA expression was present in 22 of 107 (21%) tumor tissues. Overall, the expression of either NY-ESO-1 or LAGE-1 mRNA was present in 42 of 107 (40%) EOC specimens and coexpression of both antigens was demonstrated in 11% of specimens. Antibody to NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 was present in 11 of 37 (30%) patients whose tumors expressed either NY-ESO-1 or LAGE-1. Detectable antibodies were present for up to 3 years after initial diagnosis. Although there was no statistically significant relation between expression of NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 antigen and survival, the data showed aberrant expression of NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 by IHC/RT-PCR in a significant proportion of EOC patients. These findings indicate that NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 are attractive targets for antigen-specific immunotherapy in EOC.
The isolation and characterisation of fatty acid desaturase genes in cotton (1998)

This thesis was digitised for the purposes of Document Delivery. It is not available on open access and access is restricted. The item may be requested on Interlibrary Loan or viewed in the Rare Book Library at the University of Sydney. If you are the author of this work and would like it to be made available on open access please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - escholarship.info@sydney.edu.au
Non-invasive Human Body Electrophysiological Measurements using Displacement Current Sensors (2004)

We describe the displacement current (electric potential) sensor for use in the non-invasive detection of human body electrical signals. The sensor, based on commercially available electrometer amplifiers, operates by monitoring the displacement current (effectively an electric field changing with time) between the body and the sensor input electrode. By adopting various electronic feedback techniques, combined with bias and stabilization circuits, we have been able to greatly enhance the input impedance and sensitivity of these amplifiers compared with the standard electrode systems in use today. In our current systems input impedances are typically 10-15¿, with a minimum noise floor of 30nV/vHz at 1Hz. With this capability these sensors can be used to record body electrical signals remarkably well. Furthermore, since no real charge current is required for these sensors to function, we are able to dispense with the usual electrolytic paste contact to the surface of the body. As a consequence displacement current sensors are perfectly bio-compatible. In this paper we provide several applications of these sensors, in particular to the ECG and EO.
New Strategies for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2014)

The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), of which ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are the two most prevailing entities, is unknown. However, IBD is characterized by an imbalanced synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators of the inflamed intestine, and for more than a decade tumor necrosis factor-(TNF) α has been a major target for monoclonal antibody therapy. However, TNF inhibitors are not useful for one third of all patients (i.e. "primary failures"), and further one third lose effect over time ("secondary failures"). Therefore, other strategies have in later years been developed including monoclonal antibodies targeting the interleukin (IL)-6 family of receptors (the p40 subunit of IL-12/IL-23) as well as monoclonal antibodies inhibiting adhesion molecules (the α4β7 heterodimers), which direct leukocytes to the intestinal mucosa. Recently, small molecules, which are inhibitors of Janus kinases (JAKs), hold promise with a tolerable safety profile and efficacy in UC, and the field of nanomedicine is emerging with siRNAs loaded into polyactide nanoparticles that may silence gene transcripts at sites of intestinal inflammation. Thus, drug development for IBD holds great promise, and patients as well as their treating physicians can be hopeful for the future.
High Correlation between Lipid Peroxide Radical and Tumor‐promoter Effect: Suppression of Tumor Promotion in the Epstein‐Barr Virus/B‐Lymphocyte System and Scavenging of Alkyl Peroxide Radicals by Various Vegetable Extracts (1992)

We examined the ability of hot-water extracts of 66 vegetables and plants to suppress tumor promotion, as well as to scavenge lipid peroxide radicals in vitro. To assess the effect against tumor promotion (transformation) in vitro, we used the phorbol myristate acetate/Epstein-Barr virus/B-lymphocyte system. To assess the lipid radical-scavenging effect, the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence method using the tert-butyl hydroperoxide/heme system was used, which generates more alkyl peroxide radical (ROO.) than alkyl (R.) and alkoxyl (RO.) radicals. The results showed a significant correlation between the anti-tumor-promoting effect and the lipid radical-scavenging effect (r = 0.82). We found that boiled extracts of green leaves of carrot, crucifers, and beans (black bean, red bean, mung bean, and soybean) had the greatest anti-tumor-promoter and radical-scavenging activities. Cold-water extracts of vegetables generally exhibited only about 10% or less of the activity of the hot-water extracts.
Architecture of the French LSI Set for Antiope Teletext Decoders (1980)

The Antiope Videotex System is composed of two completely separate parts. The Data Transmission System (DIDON) and the Display System (Antiope). The Data Transmission System derives from a CCETT standardized protocol which can be used for teletext as well as for any other kind of data services such as facsimile or remote control. The future availability of a discontinued 819 line television system within France and the possibility of using that network for data broadcast has pushed the development of DIDON and the LSI's required for its use.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Ethidium-Modified DNA Duplexes:  Dependence on Distance and Base Stacking (1997)

Long-range photoinduced electron transfer has been systematically examined in a series of small DNA duplexes covalently modified with ethidium and Rh(phi)2bpy3+ through time-resolved and steady-state measurements of fluorescence quenching. Fast fluorescence quenching (k ≳ 1010 s-1) is observed for this donor/acceptor pair noncovalently bound to DNA, and transient absorption studies allow the assignment of this quenching to an electron-transfer mechanism. In the duplexes modified with tethered intercalators, intrahelix fluorescence quenching attributed to electron transfer occurs at distances up to 30 Å. Over a donor/acceptor separation of ∼20 Å, approximately 30% of the ethidium fluorescence is quenched, while at a separation of ∼30 Å, approximately 10% quenching is observed. Time-resolved measurements indicate that this quenching is primarily static. Fluorescence polarization and melting studies indicate that the intercalators are rigidly bound, enhance helix stability, and the duplex populations are structurally homogeneous. The distance dependence of the quenching yield observed in these duplexes is shallow, but the quenching reaction is highly sensitive to stacking perturbations. Changes in the quenching yield with melting are directly correlated with hypochromicity associated with base stacking. Moreover, in duplexes containing a highly disruptive CA mismatch, large decreases in the quenching efficiency are observed, while with a well-stacked GA mismatch, electron transfer proceeds efficiently. Hence, in these covalently-modified assemblies, DNA-mediated electron transfer is found to depend only weakly on donor/acceptor separation, when compared to protein systems, but is highly sensitive to perturbations in base stacking.
Integrin α3β1 directs the stabilization of a polarized lamellipodium in epithelial cells through activation of Rac1 (2004)

Epithelial cell migration is a crucial event in wound healing, yet little is known about mechanisms whereby integrins regulate epithelial cell polarization and migration. In the present work, we demonstrate the importance of adhesion through the alpha3beta1 integrin in promoting the stabilization of leading lamellipodia in migrating keratinocytes. We demonstrate that this integrin is found at the leading edge of migrating keratinocytes and that inhibition of alpha3beta1 binding to laminin-5 prevents the formation of stable leading lamellipodia. Consistent with this observation, keratinocytes derived from alpha3beta1-deficient mice fail to form stable leading lamellipodia but retain the ability to form actin-containing protrusions that rapidly extend and retract from the cell membrane. Formation of a leading lamellipodium also requires alpha3beta1-dependent activation of Rac1, because alpha3beta1-deficient keratinocytes show decreased activation of Rac1 compared with alpha3beta1-expressing cells, and formation of stable leading lamellipodia can be inhibited in the latter cells by expression of the dominant negative Rac1 mutant Rac1N17. Furthermore, alpha3beta1-deficient keratinocytes expressing constitutively active Rac1L61 failed to form stable lamellipodia when plated onto laminin-5, demonstrating that alpha3beta1 is required for Rac1-mediated formation of a stable lamellipodium. These observations identify a crucial role for integrin-mediated adhesion and signaling in the formation of large, polarized, stable lamellipodia by migrating epithelial cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that signal transduction through a specific integrin is required to direct the development of a lamellipodium from an initial protrusion and promote persistent epithelial cell migration.
Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and the Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: Importance of Early Cultures in Establishing the Etiology (1990)

Fifty-two patients were studied prospectively to determine the etiology of postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from 33 patients (63.4%). If stool obtained within 2 days of the onset of diarrhea was cultured for E. coli O157:H7, the recovery rate was 100%. This rate decreased to 91.7% and 33.3% if stool was cultured for this pathogen 3-6 or greater than or equal to 7 days, respectively, after diarrhea began. The culture-positive group was more likely to have had bloody diarrhea and fecal leukocytes and to have received transfusions than the culture-negative group but was otherwise similar in clinical characteristics. E. coli O157:H7 is the predominant pathogen associated with HUS in western Washington. Recovery of this pathogen is highly dependent on obtaining stool cultures within 6 days of onset of diarrhea.
SONET Toolkit: A Decision Support System for Designing Robust and Cost-Effective Fiber-Optic Networks (1995)

Bellcore has built the SONET Toolkit decision support software to design robust fiber-optic networks that protect services against the consequences of a cable cut (link) or an equipment failure (node). The Synchronous Optical NETwork (SONET) makes these survivable designs cost-effective when planned carefully. The SONET Toolkit reads in data about the network, its embedded capacity, the available equipment, the customer demands, and the protection requirements for the services. It can also incorporate planning constraints. It produces an economic mix of SONET self-healing rings and other architectures that satisfy demand and protection requirements. Use of this software system by the Bellcore client companies has saved 10 to 30 percent in costs and orders of magnitude in time.
A genome-wide polyketide synthase deletion library uncovers novel genetic links to polyketides and meroterpenoids in Aspergillus nidulans (2011)

Fungi possess an advanced secondary metabolism that is regulated and coordinated in a complex manner depending on environmental challenges. To understand this complexity, a holistic approach is necessary. We initiated such an analysis in the important model fungus Aspergillus nidulans by systematically deleting all 32 individual genes encoding polyketide synthases. Wild-type and all mutant strains were challenged on different complex media to provoke induction of the secondary metabolism. Screening of the mutant library revealed direct genetic links to two austinol meroterpenoids and expanded the current understanding of the biosynthetic pathways leading to arugosins and violaceols. We expect that the library will be an important resource towards a systemic understanding of polyketide production in A. nidulans.
Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2010–2011 (2010)

The purpose of this statement is to update current recommendations for routine use of trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. The 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic virus is expected to circulate, with infants and children at increased risk of severe illness and death. This year's trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine contains A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like antigen (derived from the 2009 pandemic influenza A [H1N1] virus); A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like antigen; and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like antigen. Pediatricians continue to have a leadership role in the prevention of influenza through vaccine use and public education. In addition, pediatricians should promptly identify influenza infections to enable rapid treatment of influenza, when indicated, to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality.
Small antennas (1975)

A small antenna is one whose size is a small fraction of the wavelength. It is a capacitor or inductor, and it is tuned to resonance by a reactor of opposite kind. Its bandwidth of impedance matching is subject to a fundamental limitation measured by its "radiation power factor" which is proportional to its "effective volume". These principles are reviewed in the light of a quarter-century of experience. They are related to various practical configurations, including flush radiators for mounting on aircraft. Among the examples, one extreme is a small one-turn loop of wide strip, tuned by an integral capacitor. The opposite extreme is the largest antenna in the world, which is a "small antenna" in terms of its operating wavelength. In each of these extremes, the radiation power factor is much less than one percent.