gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel MOS PROM using a highly resistive poly-Si resistor (1980)

A novel MOS electrically programmable read-only memory (PROM) using a highly resistive polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) resistor as a memory element is proposed. In a highly resistive poly-Si, a new memory effect of an irreversible resistivity transition, from an initial highly resistive value to a low resistive one, is observed. The dependencies of the transition voltage and current, which cause the transition, on the poly-Si deposition conditions, are studied, and the deposition conditions suitable for MOS PROM fabrication are obtained. The transition voltage V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> can be reduced down to 10 V by decreasing the poly-Si film thickness to 0.4 µm. The transition current is less than 10 mA. A 36-bit MOS PROM, using the poly-Si resistor as a memory element, is fabricated. The programming voltage used in this work is 25 V and the programming time per bit is less than 10 µs. The read access time is less than 300 ns. The programming voltage, however, can be reduced down to 15 V by decreasing the poly-Si film thickness and the series resistance in the circuit. The novel PROM has another advantage in that the poly-Si resistor is compatible with a conventional silicon-gate process.
Palladium-Catalyzed 1,4-Difunctionalization of Butadiene To Form Skipped Polyenes (2013)

A palladium-catalyzed 1,4-addition across the commodity chemical 1,3-butadiene to afford skipped polyene products is reported. Through a palladium σ → π → σ allyl isomerization, two new carbon-carbon bonds are formed with high regioselectivity and trans stereoselectivity of the newly formed alkene. The utility of this method is highlighted by the successful synthesis of the ripostatin A skipped triene core.
Heat Shock Protein 70 Increases Tumorigenicity and Inhibits Apoptosis in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2007)

Pancreatic carcinoma is a malignant disease that responds poorly to chemotherapy because of its resistance to apoptosis. Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are not only cytoprotective but also interfere with the apoptotic cascade. Here, we investigated the role of Hsp70 in regulating apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Hsp70 expression was increased in pancreatic cancer cells compared with normal pancreatic ductal cells. This was confirmed by increased mRNA levels for Hsp70 in human pancreatic cancer tissue compared with neighboring normal tissue from the same patient. Depletion of Hsp70 by quercetin decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal pancreatic ductal cells. To show that this is a specific effect of Hsp70 on apoptosis, levels of Hsp70 were knocked down by short interfering RNA treatment, which also induced apoptosis in cancer cells as indicated by Annexin V staining and caspase activation. Daily administration of quercetin to nude mice decreased tumor size as well as Hsp70 levels in tumor tissue. These findings indicate that Hsp70 plays an important role in apoptosis and that selective Hsp70 knockdown can be used to induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.
Update on the roles of distal airways in asthma (2009)

The present review is the summary of an expert workshop that took place in Vence (France) in 2007 on the role of distal airways in asthma. The evidence showing inflammation and remodelling in distal airways, and their possible involvement in asthma control and natural history, was reviewed. The usefulness and limitations of various techniques used for assessing distal airways were also evaluated, including pulmonary function tests and imaging. Finally, the available data studying the benefit of treatment better targeting distal airways in asthma was examined. It was concluded that both proximal and distal airways were involved in asthma and that distal airways were the major determinant of airflow obstruction. Inflammation in distal airways appeared more intense in severe and uncontrolled asthma. Distal airways were poorly attained by conventional aerosol of asthma medications owing to their granulometry, being composed of 3-5&emsp14;μm particles. Both proximal and distal airways might be targeted either by delivering medications systemically or by aerosol of extra-fine particles. Extra-fine aerosols of long-acting β-agonists, inhaled corticosteroids or inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β-agonist combinations have been shown in short-term studies to be not inferior to non-extra-fine aerosols of comparators. However, available studies have not yet demonstrated that extra-fine inhaled medications offer increased benefit compared with usual aerosols in asthmatic patients.
Lettuce Genetics: Inheritance, Linkage, and Epistasis (1992)

Two new lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.) genes are described and named truncated leaf (tn), and sickly (si). A gene for reflexed involucre is identical to that previously described in wild lettuce (L. serriola L.). Mosaic reaction (me) and light green (lg) are linked, with P = 0.448. Six gene pairs tested for linkage are independently inherited. Sickly is epistatic to light green.
The Omega test: a fast and practical integer programming algorithm for dependence analysis (1991)

Article Free Access Share on The Omega test: a fast and practical integer programming algorithm for dependence analysis Author: William Pugh Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MDView Profile Authors Info & Claims Supercomputing '91: Proceedings of the 1991 ACM/IEEE conference on SupercomputingAugust 1991 Pages 4–13https://doi.org/10.1145/125826.125848Published:01 August 1991Publication History 329citation2,426DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations329Total Downloads2,426Last 12 Months163Last 6 weeks29 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Is that you? Metric learning approaches for face identification (2009)

Face identification is the problem of determining whether two face images depict the same person or not. This is difficult due to variations in scale, pose, lighting, background, expression, hairstyle, and glasses. In this paper we present two methods for learning robust distance measures: (a) a logistic discriminant approach which learns the metric from a set of labelled image pairs (LDML) and (b) a nearest neighbour approach which computes the probability for two images to belong to the same class (MkNN). We evaluate our approaches on the Labeled Faces in the Wild data set, a large and very challenging data set of faces from Yahoo! News. The evaluation protocol for this data set defines a restricted setting, where a fixed set of positive and negative image pairs is given, as well as an unrestricted one, where faces are labelled by their identity. We are the first to present results for the unrestricted setting, and show that our methods benefit from this richer training data, much more so than the current state-of-the-art method. Our results of 79.3% and 87.5% correct for the restricted and unrestricted setting respectively, significantly improve over the current state-of-the-art result of 78.5%. Confidence scores obtained for face identification can be used for many applications e.g. clustering or recognition from a single training example. We show that our learned metrics also improve performance for these tasks.
Highly efficient generation of recombinant baculoviruses by enzymatically mediated site-specificin vitrorecombination (1992)

We have used the Cre-lox system of bacteriophage P1 to develop a highly efficient in vitrosystem for construction of recombinant baculoviruses. A positive visual selection has been included to make identification of recombinant viral progeny rapid and straightforward. We report recombination frequencies as high as 5 x 10(7) recombinants/micrograms starting plasmid DNA and under certain conditions, up to 50% of the viral progeny are recombinants. Genes inserted into the baculovirus genome can be readily recovered in a simple one step process and re-inserted after manipulation if required. We have confirmed the structure of recovered plasmids by diagnostic restriction endonuclease digestion and the structure of recombinant viral genomes by Southern analysis. Possible uses and the significance of the system are discussed and experiments currently being done to improve it are described.
Focal atrial tachycardia originating from the distal portion of the left atrial appendage: characteristics and long-term outcomes of radiofrequency ablation (2011)

The LAAd is an uncommon site of origin for focal AT (2.1% incidence). In this case series, focal ATs originating from the LAAd had typical electrophysiological and electrocardiographic characteristics. Focal ablation yielded high acute success rate with low rate of recurrence during follow-up.
From estrogen to androgen receptor: A new pathway for sex hormones in prostate (1998)

While all three coactivators ARA70, steroid receptor coactivator 1, and RAC3/ACTR can enhance androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity at 1 nM dihydrotestosterone, we here demonstrate that only ARA70 can induce AR transcriptional activity >30-fold in the presence of 10 nM 17beta-estradiol (E2), but not diethylstilbestrol. The significance of this newly described E2-induced AR transcriptional activity in DU145 human prostate cancer cells was further strengthened by finding patients with Reifenstein partial-androgen-insensitive syndrome that fail in the E2-AR-ARA70 pathway. Together, our data suggest, for the first time, testosterone/dihydrotestosterone may not be the only ligands for the AR. E2 represents another important natural ligand for AR that may play an essential role for the AR function and the development of the male reproductive system.
Annotation suggestion and search for personal multimedia objects on the web (2008)

The number of personal multimedia objects, such as digital photographs and videos, are exploding on the web through popular sites such as Flickr, YouTube, and FaceBook hosting billions of user-created items. Semantic annotation can be an extremely effective way to search, browse, and organize media objects, but can require extensive human involvement. In this work, we show how semantic metadata about social networks and family relationships can be used to improve semantic annotation suggestion. This includes up to 82% recall for people annotations as well as recall improvements of 20-26% in tag annotation recall when no annotation history is available. In addition, utilizing relationships among people while searching can provide at least 28% higher recall and 55% higher precision than keyword search while still being up to 12 times faster. Methods are evaluated on real personal photo collections containing up to 120k photos from Flickr as well as 41k annotated photos from our prototype system.
Data Classification: Algorithms and Applications (2014)

Comprehensive Coverage of the Entire Area of Classification Research on the problem of classification tends to be fragmented across such areas as pattern recognition, database, data mining, and machine learning. Addressing the work of these different communities in a unified way, Data Classification: Algorithms and Applications explores the underlying algorithms of classification as well as applications of classification in a variety of problem domains, including text, multimedia, social network, and biological data. This comprehensive book focuses on three primary aspects of data classification: Methods-The book first describes common techniques used for classification, including probabilistic methods, decision trees, rule-based methods, instance-based methods, support vector machine methods, and neural networks. Domains-The book then examines specific methods used for data domains such as multimedia, text, time-series, network, discrete sequence, and uncertain data. It also covers large data sets and data streams due to the recent importance of the big data paradigm. Variations-The book concludes with insight on variations of the classification process. It discusses ensembles, rare-class learning, distance function learning, active learning, visual learning, transfer learning, and semi-supervised learning as well as evaluation aspects of classifiers.
Synthesis and characterization of novel biodegradable polymers composed of hydroxycinnamic acid and D,L‐lactic acid (2001)

Abstract D,L ‐Lactic acid (DLLA) was polycondensed with 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (4HCA), a derivative of cinnamic acid, to prepare a novel functional biodegradable polymer. The polymer was prepared using two different methods, the solvent method, which used acetic anhydride as the solvent, and the direct method. White and brown‐colored copolymers were obtained by these two methods, respectively. 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy and UV‐visible spectroscopy revealed that the double bond of 4HCA was almost completely destroyed when the copolymer was prepared by the direct method. On the other hand, copolymers in which the double bond was preserved in the 4HCA–DLLA copolymer were successfully obtained using the solvent method. The solubility of the copolymers obtained by the solvent method in organic solvent was poor. When the copolymer was prepared under a 4HCA:DLLA ratio of 20:80 using the solvent method, the resulting copolymer had high solubility in organic solvents and the double bond was preserved. Moreover, it was confirmed that the 4HCA–DLLA copolymer synthesized by the solvent method was both photoreactive and biodegradable. The 4HCA–DLLA copolymer is expected to be used as basic material for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems, in addition to applications as an orthopedic matrix and a degradable plastic. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2357–2364, 2001
Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations (1967)

The main purpose of this paper is to describe a process for partitioning an N-dimensional population into k sets on the basis of a sample. The process, which is called &amp;apos;k-means, &amp;apos; appears to give partitions which are reasonably
Cell-surface glycoproteins of human sarcomas: differential expression in normal and malignant tissues and cultured cells. (1988)

Normal differentiation and malignant transformation of human cells are characterized by specific changes in surface antigen phenotype. In the present study, we have defined six cell-surface antigens of human sarcomas and normal mesenchymal cells, by using mixed hemadsorption assays and immunochemical methods for the analysis of cultured cells and immunohistochemical staining for the analysis of normal tissues and greater than 200 tumor specimens. Differential patterns of F19 (Mr, 120,000/95,000 glycoprotein), F24 (Mr, 95,000 glycoprotein), G171 (Mr, 75,000 glycoprotein), G253 (Mr, 90,000 glycoprotein), S5 (Mr, 120,000 glycoprotein), and Thy-1 (Mr, 25,000 glycoprotein) antigen expression were found to characterize (i) subsets of cultured sarcoma cell lines, (ii) cultured fibroblasts derived from various organs, (iii) normal resting and activated mesenchymal tissues, and (iv) sarcoma and nonmesenchymal tumor tissues. These results provide a basic surface antigenic map for cultured mesenchymal cells and mesenchymal tissues and permit the classification of human sarcomas according to their antigenic phenotypes.
Data compression and information retrieval via symbolization (1998)

Converting a continuous signal into a multisymbol stream is a simple method of data compression which preserves much of the dynamical information present in the original signal. The retrieval of selected types of information from symbolic data involves binary operations and is therefore optimal for digital computers. For example, correlation time scales can be easily recovered, even at high noise levels, by varying the time delay for symbolization. Also, the presence of periodicity in the signal can be reliably detected even if it is weak and masked by a dominant chaotic/stochastic background. (c) 1998 American Institute of Physics.
Dication ethers. 7. Dication ether salts from cyclic bisureas (1985)

Abstract The bicyclic bisureas 2 react with triflic anhydride to give the dication ether salts 4 . Further transformation of the remaining carbonyl groups of 4 into bis‐carbenium ether linkages was not possible. The monocyclic bisurea 8 yields the dicationic heterocycle 9 in an intramolecular fashion. The structure of 9 , which is the first dication ether salt with an endocyclic ether linkage, was established by independent synthesis from 10 as well as by its hydrolysis to give the hemi‐protonated bisurea 11 .
Immortalized pathological human myoblasts: towards a universal tool for the study of neuromuscular disorders (2011)

Dystrophic cellular models are required as a supplement to animal models to assess cellular mechanisms, such as signaling defects, or to perform high-throughput screening for therapeutic molecules. These investigations have been conducted for many years on cells derived from animals, and would greatly benefit from having human cell models with prolonged proliferative capacity. Furthermore, the possibility to assess in vivo the regenerative capacity of these cells extends their potential use. The innovative cellular tools derived from several different neuromuscular diseases as described in this report will allow investigation of the pathophysiology of these disorders and assessment of new therapeutic strategies.
Regulation of neuroblast mitosis is determined by PACAP receptor isoform expression (2001)

Although neurogenesis in the embryo proceeds in a region- or lineage-specific fashion coincident with neuropeptide expression, a regulatory role for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) remains undefined. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) stimulates sympathetic neuroblast proliferation, whereas the peptide inhibits embryonic cortical precursor mitosis. Here, by using ectopic expression strategies, we show that the opposing mitogenic effects of PACAP are determined by expression of PACAP receptor splice isoforms and differential coupling to the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway, as opposed to differences in cellular context. In embryonic day 14 (E14) cortical precursors transfected with the hop receptor variant, but not cells transfected with the short variant, PACAP activates the PLC pathway, increasing intracellular calcium and eliciting translocation of protein kinase C. Ectopic expression of the hop variant in cortical neuroblasts transforms the antimitotic effect of PACAP into a promitogenic signal. Furthermore, PACAP promitogenic effects required PLC pathway function indicated by antagonist U-73122 studies in hop-transfected cortical cells and native sympathetic neuroblasts. These observations highlight the critical role of lineage-specific expression of GPCR variants in determining mitogenic signaling in neural precursors.
Large-Scale Synthesis of Lipid–Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Using a Multi-Inlet Vortex Reactor (2012)

Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles combine the advantages of both polymeric and liposomal drug carriers and have shown great promise as a controlled drug delivery platform. Herein, we demonstrate that it is possible to adapt a multi-inlet vortex reactor (MIVR) for use in the large-scale synthesis of these hybrid nanoparticles. Several parameters, including formulation, polymer concentration, and flow rate, are systematically varied, and the effects of each on nanoparticle properties are studied. Particles fabricated from this process display characteristics that are on par with those made on the lab-scale such as small size, low polydispersity, and excellent stability in both PBS and serum. Using this approach, production rates of greater than 10 g/h can readily be achieved, demonstrating that use of the MIVR is a viable method of producing hybrid nanoparticles in clinically relevant quantities.
Diagnosis of HIV‐1 infection by detection of antibody IgG to HIV‐1 in urine with ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) using recombinant proteins as antigens (1994)

Anti-HIV-1 IgG in urine was detected by an ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) using recombinant reverse transcriptase (RT), p17 and p24 as antigens, and beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli as label. Anti-HIV-1 IgG in urine was reacted simultaneously with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin-recombinant protein conjugate and recombinant protein-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate. The immune complex formed, consisting of the three components, was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with affinity-purified (anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl group) IgG. After washing, the immune complex was eluted from the polystyrene balls with excess of epsilon N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-L-lysine and transferred to clean polystyrene balls coated with affinity-purified (anti-human IgG gamma-chain) IgG. Finally, the enzyme activity bound to the last solid phase was assayed by fluorometry. Using recombinant RT as antigen, the sensitivity and specificity for 83 seropositives and 100 seronegatives were both 100%, and the lowest signal for 60 asymptomatic carriers was 8.2-fold higher than the highest signal for the seronegatives. The positivity with recombinant RT as antigen could be confirmed by using recombinant p17 and p24 as antigens. The sensitivity could be improved by a longer assay of bound beta-D-galactosidase activity by using concentrated urine samples and by the combined use of recombinant RT, p17, and p24. Thus, reliable diagnosis of HIV-1 infection was possible for asymptomatic carriers.
Effects of Adaptation of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Arkansas Attenuated Vaccine to Embryonic Kidney Cells (2015)

The population structure of an embryo-attenuated infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Arkansas (Ark) Delmarva Poultry Industry (DPI)-derived vaccine was characterized during serial passages in chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells and after back-passage in embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) and in chickens. Both conventional and deep-sequencing results consistently showed population changes occurred during adaptation to CEK cells. Specifically, 13 amino acid (aa) positions seemed to be targets of selection when comparing the vaccine genome prior to and after seven passages in CEK (CEKp7). Amino acid changes occurred at four positions in the spike (S) gene and, at two positions in the S gene, large shifts in frequencies of aa encoding were observed. CEK adaptation shifted the virus population towards homogeneity in S. The changes achieved in the S1 gene in CEKp7 were maintained after a back-passage in ECE. Outside the S gene, aa changes at three positions and large shifts in frequencies at four positions were observed. Synonymous nucleotide changes and changes in noncoding regions of the genome were observed at eight genome positions. Inoculation of early CEK passages into chickens induced higher antibody levels and CEKp4 induced increased respiratory signs compared to CEKp7. From an applied perspective, the fact that CEK adaptation of embryo-attenuated Ark vaccines reduces population heterogeneity, and that changes do not revert after one replication cycle in ECE or in chickens, provides an opportunity to improve commercial ArkDPI-derived vaccines.