gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Muscle wasting in a rat model of long-lasting sepsis results from the activation of lysosomal, Ca2+ -activated, and ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathways. (1996)

We studied the alterations in skeletal muscle protein breakdown in long lasting sepsis using a rat model that reproduces a sustained and reversible catabolic state, as observed in humans. Rats were injected intravenously with live Escherichia coli; control rats were pair-fed to the intake of infected rats. Rats were studied in an acute septic phase (day 2 postinfection), in a chronic septic phase (day 6), and in a late septic phase (day 10). The importance of the lysosomal, Ca2+ -dependent, and ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic processes was investigated using proteolytic inhibitors in incubated epitrochlearis muscles and by measuring mRNA levels for critical components of these pathways. Protein breakdown was elevated during the acute and chronic septic phases (when significant muscle wasting occurred) and returned to control values in the late septic phase (when wasting was stopped). A nonlysosomal and Ca2+ -independent process accounted for the enhanced proteolysis, and only mRNA levels for ubiquitin and subunits of the 20 S proteasome, the proteolytic core of the 26 S proteasome that degrades ubiquitin conjugates, paralleled the increased and decreased rates of proteolysis throughout. However, increased mRNA levels for the 14-kD ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2, involved in substrate ubiquitylation, and for cathepsin B and m-calpain were observed in chronic sepsis. These data clearly support a major role for the ubiquitin-proteasome dependent proteolytic process during sepsis but also suggest that the activation of lysosomal and Ca2+ -dependent proteolysis may be important in the chronic phase.
<title>Incremental volume reconstruction and rendering for 3-D ultrasound imaging</title> (1992)

In this paper, we present approaches toward an interactive visualization of a real time input, applied to 3-D visualizations of 2-D ultrasound echography data. The first, 3 degrees-of- freedom (DOF) incremental system visualizes a 3-D volume acquired as a stream of 2-D slices with location and orientation with 3 DOF. As each slice arrives, the system reconstructs a regular 3-D volume and renders it. Rendering is done by an incremental image-order ray- casting algorithm which stores and reuses the results of expensive resampling along the rays for speed. The second is our first experiment toward real-time 6 DOF acquisition and visualization. Two-dimensional slices with 6 DOF are reconstructed off-line, and visualized at an interactive rate using a parallel volume rendering code running on the graphics multicomputer Pixel-Planes 5.
Factors Influencing Individual Variation in Perceptual Directional Microphone Benefit (2013)

Repeated SRTn measurements are needed to obtain a reliable indication of the perceptual directional benefit in an individual. Further, to obtain optimum benefit from directional microphones, the effectiveness of the microphones should be maximized across the low frequencies.
A General Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Bromides/Triflates and Thiols (2004)

We have developed an efficient palladium-catalyzed carbon-sulfur bond formation reaction of aryl bromides, triflates, and activated aryl chloride. Using this protocol, we have shown tolerance to a wide variety of aryl thiols and alkyl thiols that can also be used as sulfide equivalents. [reaction: see text]
Highly efficient electrophosphorescent devices based on conjugated polymers doped with iridium complexes (2002)

Iridium complexes with alkyl substituted 2-phenylpyridine, Ir(Bu-PPy)3, were synthesized. Polymer light emitting diodes with Ir complexes as the guest materials and the substituted polyphenylenes as the host were fabricated. Ir(Bu-PPy)3-doped Poly(2-(6-cyano-6-methyl)- heptyloxy-1,4-phenylene) (CNPPP) device showed generally higher quantum efficiency (QE) than that of Ir(PPy)3-doped device for a given dopant concentration. More importantly, the addition of butyl group into phenylpyridine ligand significantly suppresses the decay of device efficiency at high current density. For instance, for devices made with Ir(Bu-PPy)3-doped CNPPP: the maximum external quantum efficiency, QE, and luminance efficiency reached 5.1% ph/el and 12 cd/A, respectively, at 800 cd/m2 and maintained at 4.2% ph/el and 10 cd/A, respectively, at 2500 cd/m2.
Preparation, Structure, and Mechanical Stability of Alkylsilane Monolayers on Mica (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation, Structure, and Mechanical Stability of Alkylsilane Monolayers on MicaXu-Dong Xiao, Gang-yu Liu, Deborah H. Charych, and Miquel SalmeronCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 5, 1600–1604Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00005a031https://doi.org/10.1021/la00005a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views819Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effects of the concentration and function of hemoglobin on the survival of rats after hemorrhage. (1979)

Hemodilutional techniques of resuscitation, which are becoming popular, add anemia to the acute increase in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen that occurs in massively transfused patients when old liquid stored blood is used. A model simulating these conditions was established in rats, using blood stored in citrate for different durations ("fresh" for 1 day, P50 of 34.5 torr, and "old" for 14 to 20 days, P50 of 23.5 torr). Animals were exchange transfused of 90% of the original red cell mass with fresh or old blood at one of three different hematocrits, then hemorrhaged and treated with the same blood used for exchange. There was little difference in survival throughout the range of hematocrits when fresh blood was used (10 of 17, 11 of 16, and 10 of 16 rats). Survival was significantly less in recipients of old blood at low hematocrits (five of 21), but not at higher hematocrits (nine of 19, eight of 14). Ability to salvage the most vulnerable subgroup was tested in rats exchange transfused with old blood at low hematocrits, hemorrhaged, and treated with fresh or old blood, each at low or high hematocrits. Again survival was comparable with fresh blood at low or high hematocrits and old blood at high hematocrits (15 of 20, 19 of 21, 18 of 25) but was lower with old blood at low hematocrits (12 of 24). These results indicate that the oxygen-delivering capacity of blood can become a limiting factor in promoting survival after hemorrhage in otherwise normal animals when it is reduced below half of normal by a combination of anemia and impaired function of hemoglobin. Above that level, fresh blood was more efficacious than old blood in this model.
Hydroxypyridinonate Complex Stability of Group (IV) Metals and Tetravalent f-Block Elements: The Key to the Next Generation of Chelating Agents for Radiopharmaceuticals (2015)

The solution thermodynamics of the water-soluble complexes formed between 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) and Zr(IV) or Pu(IV) were investigated to establish the metal coordination properties of this octadentate chelating agent. Stability constants log β110 = 43.1 ± 0.6 and 43.5 ± 0.7 were determined for [Zr(IV)(3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO))] and [Pu(IV)(3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO))], respectively, by spectrophotometric competition titrations against Ce(IV). Such high thermodynamic stabilities not only confirm the unparalleled Pu(IV) affinity of 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) as a decorporation agent but also corroborate the great potential of hydroxypyridinonate ligands as new (89)Zr-chelating platforms for immuno-PET applications. These experimental values are in excellent agreement with previous estimates and are discussed with respect to ionic radius and electronic configuration, in comparison with those of Ce(IV) and Th(IV). Furthermore, a liquid chromatography assay combined with mass spectrometric detection was developed to probe the separation of the neutral [M(IV)(3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO))] complex species (M = Zr, Ce, Th, and Pu), providing additional insight into the coordination differences between group IV and tetravalent f-block metals and on the role of d and f orbitals in bonding interactions.
Mercados de datos para el análisis estadístico de la información. (2014)

La presente investigacion se enmarca en el tema de los almacenes de datos, los mercados de datos, y su utilizacion para los analisis estadisticos. Su desarrollo facilita la toma de decisiones en el area de Cooperacion internacional de la Universidad de las Ciencias Informaticas identificando, proyectando y prediciendo tendencias futuras a partir de datos acumulados. Se obtuvo como resultado un mercado de datos poblado y funcional, con una capa de inteligencia de negocio que facilita el estudio de la informacion
Mechanistic Studies of the Nrf2-Keap1 Signaling Pathway (2006)

Since eukaryotic cells constantly encounter various environmental insults, they have evolved defense mechanisms to cope with toxicant- and carcinogen-induced oxidative stress or electrophiles. One of the most important cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress or electrophiles is mediated by the transcription factor Nrf2. Under the basal condition, Nrf2-dependent transcription is repressed by a negative regulator Keap1. When cells are exposed to oxidative stress, electrophiles, or chemopreventive agents, Nrf2 escapes Keap1-mediated repression and activates antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-dependent gene expression to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. Beyond its antioxidant function, Nrf2 has recently been recognized as a key factor regulating an array of genes that defend cells against the deleterious effects of environmental insults. Since this Nrf2-dependent cellular defense response is able to protect multi-organs or multi-tissues, activation of Nrf2 has been implicated in conferring protection against many human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, acute and chronic lung injury, autoimmune diseases, and inflammation. Therefore, understanding of Nrf2 regulation is crucial in the development of drugs for therapeutic intervention. This review will discuss recent progress in the field of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway, with emphasis on the mechanistic studies of Nrf2 regulation by Keap1, oxidative stress, or chemopreventive compounds.
Overexpression of Orai1 and STIM1 Proteins Alters Regulation of Store-operated Ca2+ Entry by Endogenous Mediators (2012)

Orai1 and STIM1 have been identified as the main determinants of the store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE). Their specific roles in SOCE and their molecular interactions have been studied extensively following heterologous overexpression or molecular knockdown and extrapolated to the endogenous processes in naïve cells. Using molecular and imaging techniques, we found that variation of expression levels of Orai1 or STIM1 can significantly alter expression and role of some endogenous regulators of SOCE. Although functional inhibition of Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) β (iPLA(2)β or PLA2g6A), or depletion of plasma membrane cholesterol caused a dramatic loss of endogenous SOCE in HEK293 cells, these effects were attenuated significantly when either Orai1 or STIM1 were overexpressed. Molecular knockdown of iPLA(2)β impaired SOCE in both control cells and cells overexpressing STIM1. We also discovered important cross-talk between expression of Orai1 and a specific plasma membrane variant of iPLA(2)β but not STIM1. These data confirm the role of iPLA(2)β as an essential mediator of endogenous SOCE and demonstrate that its physiological role can be obscured by Orai1 and STIM1 overexpression.
Constitutive and stimulated MCP-1, GRO alpha, beta, and gamma expression in human airway epithelium and bronchoalveolar macrophages (1994)

Constitutive expression of mRNAs for GRO alpha, GRO beta, GRO gamma, and MCP-1, belonging to the chemokine family of 8- to 10-kDa cytokines with chemotactic properties for granulocytes and monocytes, has been identified in freshly isolated human nasal and bronchial epithelium, and in bronchoalveolar macrophages (AM). Expression of GRO alpha, GRO gamma, and MCP-1, but not GRO beta, was found in airway epithelial cells. AM expressed all three GRO genes in addition to MCP-1. On reverse transcription, chemokine mRNAs yielded 0.5-30 cDNA molecules/cell, depending on the chemokine and cell type, as determined by a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique. When chemokine mRNA expression in AM and bronchial epithelium from healthy nonatopic individuals was compared, AM expressed more GRO alpha, but similar levels of GRO gamma, MCP-1, and interleukin-8 (IL-8), as in the bronchial epithelial cells. Modulation of chemokine expression by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; 10 ng/ml) or endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 100 ng/ml] exposure was studied in primary nasal epithelial cell and alveolar macrophage cultures. In epithelial cells, LPS did not induce chemokine expression but GRO alpha, IL-8, and MCP-1 were upregulated approximately 100-fold by TNF alpha; GRO gamma expression was elevated only 1.5- to 4-fold. In AM cultures, all three GROs were strongly induced by LPS with peak mRNA expression 24 h after stimulation (approximately 50- to 100-fold increase compared with control cultures). MCP-1 mRNA expression, on the other hand, was not increased by LPS in AM. GRO protein was present in supernatants of stimulated epithelial cells and AM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hydrogen Bonding of β-Turn Structure Is Stabilized in D2O (2009)

The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) was investigated as a function of ELP chain length and guest residue chemistry. These measurements were made in both D(2)O and H(2)O. Differences in the LCST values with heavy and light water were correlated with secondary structure formation of the polypeptide chains. Such structural information was obtained by circular dichroism and infrared measurements. Additional thermodynamic data were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that there is a greater change in the LCST value between H(2)O and D(2)O for those polypeptides which form the greatest amount of beta-turn/beta-aggregate structure. Moreover, these same molecules were the least hydrophobic ELPs. Therefore, hydrogen bonding rather than hydrophobicity was the key factor in the stabilization of the collapsed state of ELPs in D(2)O compared with H(2)O.
Greater inotropic and cyclic AMP responses evoked by noradrenaline through Arg389 β1‐adrenoceptors versus Gly389 β1‐adrenoceptors in isolated human atrial myocardium (2003)

1. We studied the biochemical and contractile responses of isolated human myocardial tissue expressing native receptor variants of the 389G>R beta(1)-adrenoceptor polymorphism. 2. Right atrial appendage was obtained from homozygous RR patients (n=37) and homozygous GG patients (n=17) undergoing elective cardiac surgery. The positive inotropic effect of noradrenaline in these tissues, mediated through beta(1)-adrenoceptors, was studied using electrically stimulated (1 Hz) atrial strips, as well as the effects of noradrenaline on cyclic AMP levels and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. 3. Tissue from RR homozygotes (n=14) showed significantly increased inotropic potency to noradrenaline (-log EC(50), M=6.92+/-0.12) compared to GG homozygotes (n=8, -log EC(50), M=6.36+/-0.11, P<0.005). This difference was not dependent on tissue basal force. 4. Tissue cyclic AMP levels (pmol mg(-1)) were also greater in RR homozygotes (basal 34.8+/-3.7 n=12, 300 nM noradrenaline 41.4+/-7.6 n=9, 30 micro M noradrenaline 45.2+/-3.2 n=22, 0.2 mM isoprenaline 48.3+/-4.2 n=16) compared to GG homozygotes (basal 30.7+/-4.4 n=5, 300 nM noradrenaline 32.6+/-6.92 n=5, 30 micro M noradrenaline 38.1+/-3.1 n=8, 0.2 mM isoprenaline 42.6+/-5.2 n=6, P=0.007). There were no differences between the variants in terms of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity. 5. These data provide the first evidence that enhanced G-protein coupling of the R389 beta(1)-adrenoceptor variant reported in rodent fibroblast expression systems is also present in native human receptors. The functional consequence of this is to significantly alter the inotropic potency of beta(1)-adrenoceptor activation depending on its genotype at the 389 position.
Di George anomaly and velocardiofacial syndrome. (1990)

The velocardiofacial syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by cleft palate, cardiac anomalies, characteristic facies, and learning disabilities. The Di George anomaly involves developmental defects of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches, resulting in thymic and parathyroid hypoplasia and cardiac defects. The cases of individuals in two families help substantiate the notion that the Di George anomaly occurs as a feature of the velocardiofacial syndrome. The proband in family 1 was a male infant with persistent hypocalcemia and cardiac defects consisting of truncus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and abnormal aortic arch vessels. Autopsy revealed absence of thymic and parathyroid tissue, and the Di George anomaly was diagnosed. His father had a submucous cleft palate, T cell dysfunction, and facial features consistent with the velocardiofacial syndrome. This is the third case of male-to-male transmission of velocardiofacial syndrome. The proband of family 2 was a 4-year-old girl with developmental delay, persistent neonatal hypocalcemia, ventricular septal defect, T cell dysfunction, and facial features of the velocardiofacial syndrome. The Di George anomaly has been reported to occur in at least 18 different disorders. The observation that the Di George anomaly is a component manifestation of the velocardiofacial syndrome in these two families provides further evidence that the Di George anomaly is not a distinct syndrome of a single origin but rather a heterogeneous developmental field defect. It is proposed that all previously reported cases of autosomal dominant Di George anomaly are examples of the velocardiofacial syndrome.
Induction of high incidence of mammary tumour in female Noble rats with a combination of 17-oestradiol and testosterone (1999)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer death in women. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis remain unclear. One of the reasons for this is due, at least in part, to a lack of a suitable animal model which can closely mimic the breast carcinogenesis in normal situations without using chemical carcinogens. We have developed an animal model of mammary gland carcinogenesis using a combination of oestradiol and testosterone, and succeeded in inducing a high percentage of female Noble rats to develop mammary cancer in a relatively short time (approximately 6 months). The results showed that androgens might work as a promoter to shorten the latency time of mammary gland carcinogenesis. Histopathological examination revealed that hyperplasia and dysplasia were first observed 2 months after treatment, in situ carcinoma after 3 months, and fully developed carcinoma of various forms including cribriform, papillary and camedo types were observed from 5 to 6 months after hormone implantation. Animals implanted with oestrogen or testosterone alone also developed mammary cancers, though with a lower overall incidence than the two hormones combined. They ranged from well differentiated to poorly differentiated forms with predominantly infiltrating ductal carcinoma. We have also observed a case of secondary cancer in the uterus. In addition to the high incidence of carcinoma, there was also a peculiar unexplained ipsilateral correlation between the site of hormonal implantation and the location of tumours, and the highest incidence of carcinogenesis was found to be in thoracic mammary gland. The study showed that both oestrogens and androgens are important in mammary cancer development. The animal model would prove to be a useful model for analysis of the mechanism(s) of hormonal carcinogenesis.
A Novel Method for Bonding of Ionic Wafers (2006)

A novel method for bonding sapphire, LiNbO/sub 3/, quartz and glass wafers with silicon using the modified surface activated bonding (SAB) method is described. In this method, the mating surfaces were cleaned and nano-adhesion Fe layers were deposited using a low energy argon ion beam simultaneously. The optical images show that the entire area of 4-inch wafers of LiNbO/sub 3//Si was bonded. Such images for other samples show particle induced voids across the interface. The average tensile strength for all of the mating pairs was much higher than 10 MPa. Prolonged irradiation reduces polarization in LiNbO/sub 3/, sapphire, quartz and Al-silicate glasses. Fe and Ar ions induced charge deposition may have resulted in electric field, which was responsible for the depolarization. The lattice mismatch induced local strain was found in LiNbO/sub 3//Si. No such strain was observed in the Al-silicate glass/Si interface probably because of annealing at 573 K for 8 h. The Al-silicate glass/Si interface showed a layer of 2-nm thick. An amorphous layer of 5-nm thick was observed with a layer across the LiNbO/sub 3//Si interface. The EELS spectra confirmed the presence of nano-adhesion Fe layers across the interface. These Fe layers associated with the electric filed induced by ion beam irradiation for prolonged period of time, particularly in Si/LiNbO/sub 3/, might be responsible for the high bonding strength between Si/ionic wafers at low temperature.
Quality of Life Assessment Among Migraine Patients Treated With Sumatriptan (1995)

Sumatriptan caused a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients with very severe migraine. This improvement was measurable by both the general quality of life instrument and the pain-specific questionnaire.
Glutathione protects human airway proteins and epithelial cells from isocyanates (2005)

Together with previously reported genetic and toxicity studies, the data suggest that airway GSH plays an important role in protection against HDI exposure and may help prevent the development of allergic sensitization and asthma.
The effects of gamma irradiation on the fate of polymer additives and the implications for migration from plastic food contact materials (1988)

(1988). The effects of gamma irradiation on the fate of polymer additives and the implications for migration from plastic food contact materials. Food Additives & Contaminants: Vol. 5, No. sup001, pp. 433-435.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Polyether Antibiotic Ionomycin. (1990)

Abstract The calcium complex (XIV) of the title antibiotic is synthesized via aldol coupling of the fragments (VI) and (XII).