gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution of serotypes of human rotavirus in different populations (1992)

Serotyping is a useful tool to study the epidemiologic characteristics of rotaviruses in large populations and to assess the need for a vaccine to protect against all strains. By using an enzyme immunoassay with serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies to the four most common rotavirus serotypes, we analyzed 1,183 rotavirus-positive specimens from 16 stool collections in eight countries on four continents that were obtained from 1978 to 1989. Of the 926 strains (78%) that could be serotyped, 48% were serotype 1, 8% were serotype 2, 15% were serotype 3, and 7% were serotype 4. Twenty-two percent had insufficient numbers of double-shelled virus particles to react with the monoclonal antibody of the VP4 rotavirus protein and therefore could not be serotyped. Our results indicate that vaccines being developed must provide the greatest coverage against serotype 1 and that the serotype distribution cannot be predicted currently by the geographic area or prevalence in the preceding year.
A monoclonal antibody to the CDR-3 region of CD4 inhibits soluble CD4 binding to virions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1993)

The CDR-3 region of CD4 has been proposed to be involved in the fusion reaction between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and CD4+ cells, either at a stage involving virus binding or subsequent to virus binding. Part of the evidence for this has been the observation that monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to CDR-3 block HIV infection potently without strongly inhibiting the binding of monomeric gp120 to CD4. Here I show that, in a system using oligomeric, virion-bound gp120, a MAb to CDR-3 resembles those to CDR-2 in that it inhibits soluble CD4 binding to virions. Consequently, ternary complexes of MAb-soluble CD4-gp120 cannot be detected with CDR-2 MAbs and are detectable only at a very low level with a CDR-3 MAb, but they clearly form when a control MAb to CD4 domain 4 is used. Although not in direct conflict with previously published data on the role of CDR-3 MAbs in the inhibition of HIV-1 infection, these experiments do not support the hypothesis that the CDR-3 region is specifically involved in virus entry at a postbinding stage.
P-938 - Assessment of personality disorders in delinquent adolescents using SCID II (2012)

Juvenile delinquency represents a broad term to identify behaviors that vary from engaging in status offenses (eg running away from home, school absenteeism, alcohol consumption) up to engage in criminal acts and violence (use/distribution of illegal substances, burglary, robbery). (Montgomery & colab., 2001) Identifying personality disorders in delinquent adolescents. This paper aimed to determine if juvenile deliquency is related to personality disorders and a set of risk factors. We used a lot of 30 patients, aged 14–18 years, subjected to forensic examination at the Child Psychiatry Clinic of Cluj-Napoca during 2011. To assess personality disorders we used SCID II - structured interview to identify personality disorders on axis II-DSM and a set of questions related to the origin area, socioeconomic status, education level, family environment, consumption of toxic, belonging to certain social groups, family history,were adressed to the adolescents and their parents. To assess intellectual coefficient were used Raven Progressive Matrices. The most common personality disorders found in delinquent teenagers were borderline personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder and traits of antisocial personality disorder. We couldn't identify a statistically significant relationship between the family environment, the socioeconomic status, the presence of a concurrent psychiatric disorder, the consumption of toxic, the education level and juvenile deliquency. Because juvenile delinquency represents a real social problem is important to identify underlying traits or personality disorders in order to establish individualized and specific treatment plans.
Rosuvastatin for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia (2005)

Rosuvastatin, a new hydrophilic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin), is approved as an adjunct to diet in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia, or Fredrickson type IV hypercholesterolemia. Because of its increased affinity for the reductase, rosuvastatin reduces the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) level more than atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin do, without additional adverse effects. In addition, cytochrome P450 isoenzymes do not extensively metabolize rosuvastatin, and inhibitors of these isoenzymes do not substantially affect it. Rosuvastatin could be a first-line option for patients requiring a reduction of 50% or more to reach the LDL goal of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Rosuvastatin monotherapy may allow patients to achieve this LDL goal earlier, and it may help them avoid combination therapy or potential adverse effects of high-dose statin therapy. However, because cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality data are lacking for rosuvastatin (but available for all other marketed statins) and because its postmarketing data are limited, rosuvastatin should be reserved for patients requiring an LDL reduction of 50% or less who cannot reach the recommended goal with other statins because of adverse effects, drug interactions, or cost.
Notch-dependent T-lineage commitment occurs at extrathymic sites following bone marrow transplantation (2006)

Early T-lineage progenitors (ETPs) arise after colonization of the thymus by multipotent bone marrow progenitors. ETPs likely serve as physiologic progenitors of T-cell development in adult mice, although alternative T-cell differentiation pathways may exist. While we were investigating mechanisms of T-cell reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), we found that efficient donor-derived thymopoiesis occurred before the pool of ETPs had been replenished. Simultaneously, T lineage–restricted progenitors were generated at extrathymic sites, both in the spleen and in peripheral lymph nodes, but not in the bone marrow or liver. The generation of these T lineage–committed cells occurred through a Notch-dependent differentiation process. Multipotent bone marrow progenitors efficiently gave rise to extrathymic T lineage–committed cells, whereas common lymphoid progenitors did not. Our data show plasticity of T-lineage commitment sites in the post-BMT environment and indicate that Notch-driven extrathymic Tlineage commitment from multipotent progenitors may contribute to early T-lineage reconstitution after BMT.
Tolcapone (2007)

Tolcapone (Tasmar), an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase, is an effective antiparkinsonian agent when used as an adjunct to levodopa in patients with Parkinson disease who have end-of-dose motor fluctuations. In clinical trials, tolcapone significantly reduced "off" time and levodopa requirements. The drug is generally well tolerated, with the most common adverse events being dopaminergic related. However, clinical trials demonstrated dose-related increases in liver enzymes, and postmarketing surveillance noted 4 cases of acute hepatotoxicity with 3 fatalities that were attributed to tolcapone. For this reason, the drug was withdrawn from the market in some countries, and its use was severely restricted in the United States. An analysis of safety data indicates that, since the labeling restrictions in 1998, there have been more than 40,000 patient-years of tolcapone treatment worldwide, with only 3 reports of severe, but reversible, liver injury and no reports of hepatic fatality. It can be concluded that severe liver injury due to tolcapone is a rare event. Based on these data, the drug has been reintroduced to the market in several European countries, and the Food and Drug Administration in the United States has modified monitoring requirements. The new labeling recommends monitoring of liver function every 2 to 4 weeks for 6 months and at the physician's discretion thereafter. In addition, patients must be taken off the drug if blood tests show enzyme elevation of greater than twice the upper limit of normal. This article reviews the data pertaining to the safety and efficacy of tolcapone.
Note (2014)

Lettres de Rome Traduction de l’édition de 1816 (Dresde, Arnold)parue sous le titreBriefe aus Rom über die Verfolgung, Gefangennehmung und Entführung des Papstes Pius VII à partir de sa rééditionBriefe aus Rom (New York/Lewiston, The Edwin Mellen Press, 2000)
Retinoid signaling regulates breast cancer stem cell differentiation (2009)

The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis implicates the development of new therapeutic approaches to target the CSC population. Characterization of the pathways that regulate CSCs activity will facilitate the development of targeted therapies. We recently reported that the enzymatic activity of ALDH1, as measured by the ALDELFUOR assay, can be utilized to isolate normal and malignant breast stem cells in both primary tumors and cell lines. In this study, utilizing a tumorsphere assay, we have demonstrated the role of retinoid signaling in the regulation of breast CSCs self-renewal and differentiation. Utilizing the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) algorithm we identified gene sets and pathways associated with retinoid signaling. These pathways regulate breast CSCs biology and their inhibition may provide novel therapeutic approaches to target breast CSCs.
Human ovarian carcinoma cells: Histone deacetylase inhibitors exhibit antiproliferative activity and potently induce apoptosis (2004)

The results of the current study suggest that HDACIs may be particularly effective in the treatment of ovarian tumors.
THE INFLUENCE OF GROUPS IN THE MOLECULE OF 2: 3‐DIHYDRO‐3‐KETOBENZO‐1: 4‐THIAZINE ON ITS EFFECT ON LIVER FLUKE (FASCIOLA HEPATICA) IN VITRO (1952)

The parent compound chosen for the investigation described in this paper was 2 3-dihydro-3-ketobenzo-1: 4-thiazine (I), as it contains in its molecule certain features present in substances which possess anthelmintic properties, e.g. pheno- thiazine (II). It also contains a -CHCO-unit, which is a characteristic feature in filicic acid (III), the most important of the organic acids present in the anthelmintic Filix mas. 1 CO 6 0/2>H \N/',/C cHo 5
Vaccinia Virus Infection Attenuates Innate Immune Responses and Antigen Presentation by Epidermal Dendritic Cells (2006)

Langerhans cells (LCs) are antigen-presenting cells in the skin that play sentinel roles in host immune defense by secreting proinflammatory molecules and activating T cells. Here we studied the interaction of vaccinia virus with XS52 cells, a murine epidermis-derived dendritic cell line that serves as a surrogate model for LCs. We found that vaccinia virus productively infects XS52 cells, yet this infection displays an atypical response to anti-poxvirus agents. Whereas adenosine N1-oxide blocked virus production and viral protein synthesis during a synchronous infection, cytosine arabinoside had no effect at concentrations sufficient to prevent virus replication in BSC40 monkey kidney cells. Vaccinia virus infection of XS52 cells not only failed to elicit the production of various cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40, alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), and IFN-gamma, it actively inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 by XS52 cells in response to exogenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or poly(I:C). Infection with a vaccinia virus mutant lacking the E3L gene resulted in TNF-alpha secretion in the absence of applied stimuli. Infection of XS52 cells or BSC40 cells with the DeltaE3L virus, but not wild-type vaccinia virus, triggered proteolytic decay of IkappaBalpha. These results suggest a novel role for the E3L protein as an antagonist of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. DeltaE3L-infected XS52 cells secreted higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in response to LPS and poly(I:C) than did cells infected with the wild-type virus. XS52 cells were productively infected by a vaccinia virus mutant lacking the K1L gene. DeltaK1L-infected cells secreted higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in response to LPS than wild-type virus-infected cells. Vaccinia virus infection of primary LCs harvested from mouse epidermis was nonpermissive, although a viral reporter protein was expressed in the infected LCs. Vaccinia virus infection of primary LCs strongly inhibited their capacity for antigen-specific activation of T cells. Our results highlight suppression of the skin immune response as a feature of orthopoxvirus infection.
On estimating the cardinality of the projection of a database relation (1989)

We present an analytical formula for estimating the cardinality of the projection on certain attributes of a subset of a relation in a relational database. This formula takes into account a priori knowledge of the semantics of the real-world objects and relationships that the database is intended to represent. Experimental testing of the formula shows that it has an acceptably low percentage error, and that its worst-case error is smaller than the best-known formula. Furthermore, the formula presented here has the advantage that it does not require a scan of the relation.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Corynebacterium glutamicum is dispensable for growth and lysine production (1993)

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase is assumed to be of major importance as anaplerotic enzyme in the amino acid producing Corynebacterium glutarnicum. We constructed PEP carboxylase-negative strains of the wild-type and of the L-lysine producer MH20-22B by disruption of the respective gene. Analysis of these strains and comparison to the parental strains revealed: (i) identical growth characteristics on all media tested; (ii) identical capacity for lysine production; and (iii) the presence of the alternative anaplerotic enzyme PEP carboxykinase in all four strains. These results show that PEP carbox3,1ase is dispensable as anaplerotic enzyme in C. glutamicurn and may indicate that PEP carboxykinase alone can fulfil the anaplerotic function required for growth on glucose and for lysine production.
Mutation of a Conserved Residue (D123) Required for Oligomerization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef Protein Abolishes Interaction with Human Thioesterase and Results in Impairment of Nef Biological Functions (2000)

Nef is a myristoylated protein of 27 to 35 kDa that is conserved in primate lentiviruses. In vivo, Nef is required for high viral load and full pathological effects. In vitro, Nef has at least four activities: induction of CD4 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I downregulation, enhancement of viral infectivity, and alteration of T-cell activation pathways. We previously reported that the Nef protein from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 interacts with a novel human thioesterase (hTE). In the present study, by mutational analysis, we identified a region of the Nef core, extending from the residues D108 to W124, that is involved both in Nef-hTE interaction and in Nef-induced CD4 downregulation. This region of Nef is located on the oligomer interface and is in close proximity to the putative CD4 binding site. One of the mutants carrying a mutation in this region, targeted to the conserved residue D123, was also found to be defective in two other functions of Nef, MHC class I downmodulation and enhancement of viral infectivity. Furthermore, mutation of this residue affected the ability of Nef to form dimers, suggesting that the oligomerization of Nef may be critical for its multiple functions.
Transition from Unilamellar to Bilamellar Vesicles Induced by an Amphiphilic Biopolymer (2006)

We report some unusual structural transitions upon the addition of an amphiphilic biopolymer to unilamellar surfactant vesicles. The polymer is a hydrophobically modified chitosan and it embeds its hydrophobes in vesicle bilayers. We study vesicle-polymer mixtures using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and cryotransmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). When low amounts of the polymer are added to unilamellar vesicles of ca. 120 nm diameter, the vesicle size decreases by about 50%. Upon further addition of polymer, lamellar peaks are observed in the SANS spectra at high scattering vectors. We show that these spectra correspond to a co-existence of unilamellar and bilamellar vesicles. The transition to bilamellar vesicles as well as the changes in unilamellar vesicle size are further confirmed by cryo-TEM. A mechanism for the polymer-induced transitions in vesicle morphology is proposed.
Organotin speciation using fast flow glow discharge mass spectrometry (2005)

A low power (≤5 W) dc fast flow glow discharge (FFGD) ion source, coupled to gas chromatography, was evaluated for the speciation of tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, triethyl- and tributyltin compounds. This source differs from other GC-GD techniques in that the sample is introduced into a flowing afterglow and not the active discharge region. The rapid flow of Ar gas carried the analyte towards the sampling cone, reducing diffusional losses and source fouling. The Ar discharge gas flow rate, source pressure, discharge voltage and ion extraction voltage (applied to the sampling cone) were optimised with respect to the Sn+ and SnH+ signals. Absolute detection limits of 0.2–0.4 pg were determined. The technique demonstrated excellent linearity (response indices 0.98–1.01) with a dynamic range of 3–4 orders of magnitude. The fundamental chemistry behind the trends observed is considered. The relative ion intensities were shown to vary with the source operating conditions. The ion extraction voltage, in particular, could be varied to obtain controllable fragmentation without affecting the primary discharge. From measurements of the relative ion kinetic energies, the observed fragmentation has been attributed to dissociation by electron bombardment in the ion extraction field. Structural information was discernible at the 0.03–10 ng level. The FFGD technique combines sensitive and selective detection with low cost and simplicity (relative to other MS methods). As such, FFGD-MS has potential applications in routine monitoring and identification of unknown organotin compounds in the environment.
Molecular Cloning of Polyoma Virus DNA in Escherichia coli : Plasmid Vector System (1979)

A series of recombinant plasmids containing polyoma virus (PY) DNA were constructed, and their biological activity was evaluated in mice and in cultured mouse cells. While all of the recombinants studied contain the complete, potentially infectious viral DNA, in no case was the intact recombinant PY-plasmid DNA, or live Escherichia coli containing the recombinant plasmids, capable of inducing PY infection of mice, either by feeding or by parenteral injection.
A Conformational Switch in Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp41 Revealed by the Structures of Overlapping Epitopes Recognized by Neutralizing Antibodies (2009)

The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein (gp41) is critical for viral fusion and infectivity and is the target of three of the five known broadly neutralizing HIV type 1 (HIV-1) antibodies, 2F5, Z13, and 4E10. Here, we report the crystal structure of the Fab fragment of Z13e1, an affinity-enhanced variant of monoclonal antibody Z13, in complex with a 12-residue peptide corresponding to the core epitope (W(670)NWFDITN(677)) at 1.8-A resolution. The bound peptide adopts an S-shaped conformation composed of two tandem, perpendicular helical turns. This conformation differs strikingly from the alpha-helical structure adopted by an overlapping MPER peptide bound to 4E10. Z13e1 binds to an elbow in the MPER at the membrane interface, making relatively few interactions with conserved aromatics (Trp672 and Phe673) that are critical for 4E10 recognition. The comparison of the Z13e1 and 4E10 epitope structures reveals a conformational switch such that neutralization can occur by the recognition of the different conformations and faces of the largely amphipathic MPER. The Z13e1 structure provides significant new insights into the dynamic nature of the MPER, which likely is critical for membrane fusion, and it has significant implications for mechanisms of HIV-1 neutralization by MPER antibodies and for the design of HIV-1 immunogens.
13C NMR Study of ginseng sapogenins and their related dammarane type triterpenes (1977)

In connection with structure studies on dammarane type triterpenes and their glycosides, assignments of 13C NMR signals of fifteen 20-hydroxy-dammarane derivatives including Ginseng sapogenins have been achieved by the aid of shift reagents and deuterated compounds. It has been found that the differences of the 17 C, 21 C and 22 C chemical shifts between pairs of C-20 epimers are remarkable especially in the case of 12β-hydroxy derivatives, being significant for the study of the C-20 stereochemistry.
The Effects of Alginate and Non-Alginate Wound Dressings on Blood Coagulation and Platelet Activation (1998)

Alginates are used as haemostats in wound dressings. They act as calcium ion (Ca) donors as they contain mannuronic (M) or guluronic (G) groups with a high Ca content. This study compared the effects of calcium and zinc containing alginates and non-alginate dressings on blood coagulation and platelet activation to determine which was the best haemostat. We showed that alginate materials activated coagulation more than non-alginate materials. The extent of coagulation activation was affected differently by the alginate M or G group composition. It was demonstrated that alginates containing zinc ions had the greatest potentiating effect on prothrombotic coagulation and platelet activation.
Genetic variability among strains of Phialocephala fortinii and phylogenetic analysis of the genus Phialocephala based on rDNA ITS sequence comparisons (2002)

Two methods to determine variability among strains of Phialocephala fortinii and sterile DSE (dark septate endophyte) Type 1 were compared: inter-simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction analysis (ISSRPCR) and sequence analysis of the two internal transcribed spacers and the 5.8S ribosomal DNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). Both methods showed similar results for some strains, but different results for others. Phylogenetic analysis of various strains of P. fortinii and Type 1 based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence information showed that Type 1 strains, with the exception of one Type 1 strain and a strain with a Type-1-like culture morphology, form a well-supported clade, whereas P. fortinii strains are much more variable and the relative position of many strains on the tree are unresolved. Two sterile DSE strains with Type 1 culture morphology form a well-supported clade, separate from the P. fortinii  Type 1 clade. Phylogenetic analysis of some species of the Leotiales and of Phialocephala and related species based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences indicate that the genera Phialocephala and Sporendocladia are polyphyletic. One major clade, supported by a high bootstrap value, is positioned as a well-separated lineage among members of the Leotiales. Phialocephala fortinii, Phialocephala dimorphospora, Phialocephala compacta, Phialocephala scopiformis, and Type 1, all known as endophytes of woody plant species, are positioned in this clade. A second well-supported clade including Phialocephala humicola, Phialocephala xalapensis, and Phialocephala fusca was positioned outside the Leotiales. Phialocephala xalapensis and P. humicola had identical sequences and were not separable based on morphology. The two taxa were, therefore, considered to represent the same species. Phialocephala virens, Phialophora finlandia, Sporendocladia foliicola, and Leptodontidium orchidicola were not included in either of the two Phialocephala clades.Key words: Phialocephala, phylogenetic analysis, internal transcribed spacer, DSE.