gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF 1-PYRENECARBOXYLIC ACID SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF GRAPHENE ON CAPACITIVE ENERGY STORAGE (2011)

In this work we have investigated supercapacitor electrodes prepared from pure and 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid (PCA)-functionalized graphene flakes obtained from liquid phase chemical exfoliation method. The performances of the supercapacitor devices fabricated using the graphene electrodes were tested using cyclic voltammetry, constant current charging-discharging and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) The specific capacitances obtained (using 6M KOH aqueous solution as an electrolyte) were found to be ~ 30 F/g and ~ 200 F/g for pure graphene and PCA functionalized graphene electrodes respectively. A comprehensive understanding of the effect of surface fictionalization on the electrochemical double layer capacitance was obtained in the light of equivalent circuit modeling and EIS data analysis. Information obtained from the EIS spectrum analysis revealed the possibility of occurrence of pseudocapacitance due to the presence of surface functional groups on the graphene flakes. Further, the wettability by KOH significantly increases upon functionalizing the graphene surfaces. These results shows PCA functionalized graphene membrane electrodes have the potential for high performance as supercapacitor electrode material.
Collagenase: a key enzyme in collagen turnover (1996)

The primary agents responsible for cartilage and bone destruction in joint diseases are active proteinases that degrade collagen and proteoglycan. All four main classes of proteolytic enzymes are involved in either the normal turnover of connective tissue or its pathological destruction. These proteinases are made by different cells found within the joints. Both extracellular and intracellular pathways exist and individual enzymes can be inhibited by specific proteinaceous inhibitors that block their activity. Recent research has implicated the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in many of the processes involved in joint diseases. The metalloproteinases are capable of degrading all components of the extracellular matrix. This family of proteinases contains a group of at least three collagenases that are capable of degrading native fibrillar collagen. Collagen degradation within joint disease is recognized as the irreversible step in the destruction of cartilage that leads to a failure in joint function. The collagenases are the enzymes necessary to initiate collagen turnover in normal connective tissue turnover and in disease.
MECHANICAL DEVICES FOR ARTERIAL OCCLUSION (1975)

Two mechanical devices for the purpose of occluding vessels are presented. Cotton tails, small metallic segments with attached cotton threads, will effectively occlude small arteries of approximately 2 mm. in diameter. Wool coils, 5 cm. segments of the outer portion of steel guidewires with attached wool strands, obstructed major vessels just beyond the tip of the catheter. The use of these devices has been investigated in dogs and then applied clinically in the occlusion of renal arteries in patients with hypernephroma.
Multivariable analysis of spectral measurements for the characterization of semiconductor processes (2001)

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.
Patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with low CD4+ T cell counts have impaired Th1 responses (1997)

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) has emerged as a challenging clinical problem in both HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals. In this study, immune responses from HIV-negative patients with MDRTB were compared with those of healthy purified protein derivative (PPD)-positive and PPD-negative individuals. These responses were characterized by measuring the proliferation and cytokine production from PBMCs stimulated in vitro with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, PPD, or mitogens. MDRTB patients with CD4 counts >500/microl stimulated in vitro with M. tuberculosis had similar immune responses (proliferation, IFN-gamma, and IL-2 production) as the PPD-positive and -negative controls. By contrast, MDRTB patients with CD4 counts <500/microl had markedly deficient immune responses to similar stimuli. In these patients, IFN-gamma production could be restored by adding IL-12 to the in vitro cultures. IL-12 also caused a striking increase in the amount of IFN-gamma produced from PBMCs of both PPD-positive and -negative controls. The role of endogenous IL-12 production was also studied. Addition of anti-IL-12 to cultures resulted in a two- to eightfold decrease in IFN-gamma production in response to PHA stimulation. Inhibition of IFN-gamma was also observed when cells were stimulated by M. tuberculosis and PPD. Using Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain as a mitogenic stimulus, IL-12 p70 was produced in similar amounts in all groups tested. TNF-alpha production was also assessed from cells stimulated by M. tuberculosis. Addition of IL-12 to the cultures did not cause a significant enhancement of TNF-alpha production. Last, production of IL-10 and IL-4 in response to M. tuberculosis and PHA, respectively, was not significantly different among all groups tested. These results suggest that patients with MDRTB tuberculosis with CD4 T cell counts <500/microl have impaired IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses and might benefit by adjunctive IL-12 therapy.
Safety Profile of Topical VEGF Neutralization at the Cornea (2009)

Topical neutralization of VEGF-A at the corneal surface does not have significant side effects on normal corneal epithelial wound healing, normal corneal integrity, or normal nerve fiber density. Therefore, anti-VEGF eyedrops seem to be a relatively safe option to treat corneal neovascularization.
Endothelial cell damage after riboflavin–ultraviolet-A treatment in the rabbit (2003)

In rabbit corneas with a corneal thickness less than 400 microm, the endothelial UVA dose reached a cytotoxic level of > or =0.65 J/cm2 (0.36 mW/cm2) using the standard surface UVA dose of 5.4 J/cm2 (3 mW/cm2). Pachymetry should be routinely performed before riboflavin-UVA treatment; in thinner corneas, irradiation should not be done because of the cytotoxic risk to the endothelium.
The Mammalian Septin MSF Localizes with Microtubules and Is Required for Completion of Cytokinesis (2002)

Cytokinesis in animal cells involves the contraction of an actomyosin ring formed at the cleavage furrow. Nuclear division, or karyokinesis, must be precisely timed to occur before cytokinesis in order to prevent genetic anomalies that would result in either cell death or uncontrolled cell division. The septin family of GTPase proteins has been shown to be important for cytokinesis although little is known about their role during this process. Here we investigate the distribution and function of the mammalian septin MSF. We show that during interphase, MSF colocalizes with actin, microtubules, and another mammalian septin, Nedd5, and coprecipitates with six septin proteins. In addition, transfections of various MSF isoforms reveal that MSF-A specifically localizes with microtubules and that this localization is disrupted by nocodazole treatment. Furthermore, MSF isoforms localize primarily with tubulin at the central spindle during mitosis, whereas Nedd5 is mainly associated with actin. Microinjection of affinity-purified anti-MSF antibodies into synchronized cells, or depletion of MSF by small interfering RNAs, results in the accumulation of binucleated cells and in cells that have arrested during cytokinesis. These results reveal that MSF is required for the completion of cytokinesis and suggest a role that is distinct from that of Nedd5.
Frontal eye field efferents in the macaque monkey: II. Topography of terminal fields in midbrain and pons (1988)

Frontal eye field (FEF) projections to the midbrain and pons were studied in nine macaque monkeys that were used to study FEF projections to the striatum and thalamus (Stanton et al.: J. Comp. Neurol. 271:473-492, '88). Injections of tritiated amino acids or WGA-HRP were made into FEF cortical locations where low-level microstimulation (less than or equal to 50 microA) elicited saccadic eye movements, and anterograde axonal labeling was mapped. The injections were made into the anterior bank of the arcuate sulcus from dorsomedial sites where large saccades were evoked (lFEF) to ventrolateral sites where small saccades were evoked (sFEF). The largest terminal fields of FEF fibers were located in the ipsilateral superior colliculus (SC). Projections to SC were topographically organized: lFEF sites projected to intermediate and deep layers of caudal SC, sFEF sites projected to intermediate and superficial layers of rostral SC, and FEF sites between these extremes projected to intermediate locations in SC. Patches of terminal labeling were located ipsilaterally in the lateral mesencephalic reticular formation near the parabigeminal nucleus and the ventrolateral pontine reticular formation. These patches were larger from lFEF injections. Small, dense terminal patches were seen in the ipsilateral pontine gray, mostly along the medial and dorsal borders of these nuclei but occasionally in central and dorsolateral regions. Patches of label like those in the pontine nuclei were located ipsilaterally in the reticularis tegmenti pontis nucleus in lFEF cases and bilaterally in sFEF cases. Small terminal patches were found in the nucleus of Darkschewitsch and dorsal and medial parts of the parvicellular red nucleus in most FEF cases. In the pretectal region, labeled terminal patches were consistently found in the nucleus limitans of the posterior thalamus, but we could not determine if label in the nucleus of the pretectal area and dorsal parts of the nucleus of the posterior commissure marked axon terminals or fibers of passage. We found small, lightly labeled terminal patches in the pontine raphe between the rootlets of the abducens nerve (three cases) or in the adjacent paramedian pontine reticular formation (one case). Omnipauser cells in this region are important in initiating saccades. In one sFEF case, very small patches of label were located in the supragenual nuclei anterior to the abducens nuclei and in the ipsilateral nucleus prepositus hypoglossi posterior to the abducens nucleus. Presaccadic burster neurons in the periabducens region are known to fire immediately before horizontal saccades.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Properties of the Superconductor (Sr, Ca)-La-Cu-O System in Various Sintering Atmosphere (1987)

A sort of the layered perovskite (Sr 1- z Ca z ) 0.15 La 1.85 CuO 4- y was prepared by a ceramic technique. Electrical resistance was measured for the various substitution ratio z . It exhibited the highest T c value at z =0.03. The dependence of T c upon the composition of sintering atmosphere (N 2 -O 2 mixed gas) was also studied. At the oxygen partial pressure of 530 Torr, T c exhibited the highest value.
Role of reactive oxygen intermediates in the interferon-mediated depression of hepatic drug metabolism and protective effect of N-acetylcysteine in mice. (1985)

Interferon (IFN) and IFN inducers are known to depress hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 levels, and the liver toxicity of IFN was reported to be lethal in newborn mice. We have observed that administration to mice of IFN and IFN inducers caused a marked increase in liver xanthine oxidase activity. Because this enzyme is well known to produce reactive oxygen intermediates and cytochrome P-450 was reported to be sensitive to the oxidative damage, we have tested the hypothesis that a free radical mechanism could mediate the depression of cytochrome P-450 levels by IFN. Administration to mice of the IFN inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (2 mg/kg i.p.) caused a 29 to 52% decrease in liver cytochrome P-450. Concomitant p.o. administration of the free radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (as a 2.5% solution in drinking water), or the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol (100 mg/kg), protected against the IFN-mediated depression of P-450 kg), protected against the IFN-mediated depression of P-450 levels. The results suggest that an increased endogenous generation of free radicals, possibly due to the induction of xanthine oxidase, is implicated in the IFN-mediated depression of liver drug metabolism. The relevance of these data also extends to cases in which this side effect is observed in pathological situations (e.g., viral diseases and administration of vaccines) associated with an induction of IFN.
The Characterization of Twenty Sequenced Human Genomes (2010)

We present the analysis of twenty human genomes to evaluate the prospects for identifying rare functional variants that contribute to a phenotype of interest. We sequenced at high coverage ten "case" genomes from individuals with severe hemophilia A and ten "control" genomes. We summarize the number of genetic variants emerging from a study of this magnitude, and provide a proof of concept for the identification of rare and highly-penetrant functional variants by confirming that the cause of hemophilia A is easily recognizable in this data set. We also show that the number of novel single nucleotide variants (SNVs) discovered per genome seems to stabilize at about 144,000 new variants per genome, after the first 15 individuals have been sequenced. Finally, we find that, on average, each genome carries 165 homozygous protein-truncating or stop loss variants in genes representing a diverse set of pathways.
Prevalence and characterization of perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (P-ANCA) directed against HMG1 and HMG2 in ulcerative colitis (UC) (1998)

In a previous study, we reported that the high mobility group (HMG) non-histone chromosomal proteins HMG1 and HMG2 were novel target antigens of P-ANCA. In this study, we determined the immunodiagnostic value of anti-HMG1/HMG2 antibodies in patients with UC. Sixty sera from patients with UC were tested for reactivity with HMG1 and HMG2 by means of ELISA. Anti-HMG1 antibody was detected in 32% of patients (40% of P-ANCA+ patients). Anti-HMG2 antibody was detected in 33% (40% of P-ANCA+ patients). Thirty-five percent of sera were positive for antibody to either HMG1 or HMG2 (43% of P-ANCA+ patients). P-ANCA+ patients expressed anti-HMG1/HMG2 antibodies with significantly greater frequency compared with P-ANCA- patients. Furthermore, the anti-HMG1/HMG2 antibodies were significantly related to disease activity in UC. Sixteen of the 18 UC patients, who had high titres of anti-HMG1 or -HMG2 antibody during the active phase, showed lower titres in the inactive phase. Anti-HMG1/HMG2 antibodies appear to be useful as a marker for disease activity in UC.
Sulfonylurea Compounds Uncouple the Glucose Dependence of the Insulinotropic Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (2007)

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 mimetics have been reported to cause hypoglycemia when combined with sulfonylureas. This study investigated the impact of tolbutamide on the glucose dependence of the GLP-1-mediated effects on insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin secretion in the in situ perfused rat pancreas. At 3 mmol/l glucose, GLP-1 alone did not augment insulin secretion, whereas tolbutamide alone caused a rapid increase in insulin secretion. However, when GLP-1 and tolbutamide were administered simultaneously, insulin secretion increased significantly to 43.7 +/- 6.2 pmol/min (means +/- SE), exceeding the sum of the responses to GLP-1 (2.0 +/- 0.6 pmol/min; P = 0.019) and tolbutamide (11.3 +/- 3.8; P = 0.005) alone by a factor of 3.3. At 11 mmol/l glucose, co-infusion of GLP-1 and tolbutamide augmented insulin secretion to 141.7 +/- 10.3 vs. 115.36 +/- 14.1 (GLP-1) and 42.5 +/- 7.3 pmol/min (tolbutamide). Interestingly, increases in somatostatin secretion, both by glucose and GLP-1, were consistently paralleled by suppression of glucagon release. In conclusion, we demonstrate uncoupling of GLP-1 from its glucose dependence by tolbutamide. This uncoupling probably explains the tendency of GLP-1 to provoke hypoglycemia in combination with sulfonylureas. The results suggest that closure of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels by glucose might be involved in the glucose dependence of GLP-1's insulinotropic effect and that somatostatin acts as a paracrine regulator of glucagon release.
DNA as an Adjuvant: Capacity of Insect DNA and Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotides to Augment T Cell Responses to Specific Antigen (1998)

How strong adjuvants such as complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) promote T cell priming to protein antigens in vivo is still unclear. Since the unmethylated CpG motifs in DNA of bacteria and other nonvertebrates are stimulatory for B cells and antigen-presenting cells, the strong adjuvanticity of CFA could be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of dead bacteria, i.e., a source of stimulatory DNA. In support of this possibility, evidence is presented that insect DNA in mineral oil has even stronger adjuvant activity than CFA by a number of parameters. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG motifs mimic the effects of insect DNA and, even in soluble form, ODNs markedly potentiate clonal expansion of T cell receptor transgenic T cells responding to specific peptide.
A chemokine receptor CCR-1 antagonist reduces renal fibrosis after unilateral ureter ligation (2002)

The expression of chemokines and their receptors is thought to contribute to leukocyte infiltration and progressive renal fibrosis after unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). We hypothesized that blocking the chemokine receptor CCR1 using the nonpeptide antagonist BX471 could reduce leukocyte infiltration and renal fibrosis after UUO. UUO kidneys from BX471-treated mice (day 0-10 and day 6-10) revealed a 40-60% reduction of interstitial macrophage and lymphocyte infiltrate compared with controls. Treated mice also showed a marked reduction of CCR1 and CCR5 mRNA levels, and FACS analysis showed a comparable reduction of CD8+/CCR5+ T cells. Markers of renal fibrosis, such as interstitial fibroblasts, interstitial volume, mRNA and protein expression for collagen I, were all significantly reduced by BX471-treatment compared with vehicle controls. By contrast treatment was ineffective when the drug was supplied only from days 0 to 5. In summary, blockade of CCR1 substantially reduces cell accumulation and renal fibrosis after UUO. Most interestingly, late onset of treatment is also effective. We therefore conclude that CCR1 blockade may represent a new therapeutic strategy for reducing cellular infiltration and renal fibrosis as major factors in the progression to end-stage renal failure.
Implementation of "Split-radix" FFT algorithms for complex, real, and real-symmetric data (1986)

A new algorithm is presented for the fast computation of the discrete Fourier transform. This algorithm belongs to that class of recently proposed 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> -FFT's which present the same arithmetic complexity (the lowest among any previously published one). Moreover, this algorithm has the advantage of being performed "in-place," by repetitive use of a "butterfly"-type structure, without any data reordering inside the algorithm. Furthermore, it can easily be applied to real and real-symmetric data with reduced arithmetic complexity by removing all redundancy in the algorithm.
Inhibition of growth of colorectal carcinoma in nude mice by monoclonal antibody. (1980)

Hybridoma-derived monoclonal anti-colorectal carcinoma antibodies suppressed the growth of colorectal carcinoma in nude mice as evidenced by a lower incidence of tumors, a longer latency period, and a smaller volume of tumors in antibody-treated than in control animals. The growth-inhibiting properties of monoclonal anti-colorectal antibodies seem to be specific for colorectal carcinoma cells. This is indicated by the lack of effect of the antibodies on the growth of melanomas or bronchogenic carcinomas and by the binding of the antibodies in vivo to colorectal carcinoma cells but not to lung or kidney cells from tumor-bearing animals or to other tumor cells implanted in other animals. Inhibition of tumor growth was most probably mediated by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The results of these studies could provide an approach to the study of immunotherapeutic possibilities for anti-colorectal carcinoma antibodies in humans.
Low-Threshold Calcium Currents in Central Nervous System Neurons (1996)

The low-threshold calcium current, or T current, has recently been demonstrated with voltage-clamp recordings in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) neurons. It is especially prominent in the soma and dendrites of neurons with robust calcium-dependent burst firing behaviors such as thalamic relay neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells. Single-channel and macroscopic current behavior have been carefully investigated and kinetic schemes devised to completely describe the activation and inactivation processes. The kinetic properties of T current lead to activation of low-threshold spikes subsequent to transient membrane hyperpolarizations. Putative functional roles for T current include generation of low-threshold spikes that lead to burst firing, promotion of intrinsic oscillatory behavior, boosting of calcium entry, and synaptic potentiation.
Unsupervised Learning of Monocular Depth Estimation and Visual Odometry with Deep Feature Reconstruction (2018)

Despite learning based methods showing promising results in single view depth estimation and visual odometry, most existing approaches treat the tasks in a supervised manner. Recent approaches to single view depth estimation explore the possibility of learning without full supervision via minimizing photometric error. In this paper, we explore the use of stereo sequences for learning depth and visual odometry. The use of stereo sequences enables the use of both spatial (between left-right pairs) and temporal (forward backward) photometric warp error, and constrains the scene depth and camera motion to be in a common, real-world scale. At test time our framework is able to estimate single view depth and two-view odometry from a monocular sequence. We also show how we can improve on a standard photometric warp loss by considering a warp of deep features. We show through extensive experiments that: (i) jointly training for single view depth and visual odometry improves depth prediction because of the additional constraint imposed on depths and achieves competitive results for visual odometry; (ii) deep feature-based warping loss improves upon simple photometric warp loss for both single view depth estimation and visual odometry. Our method outperforms existing learning based methods on the KITTI driving dataset in both tasks. The source code is available at https://github.com/Huangying-Zhan/Depth-VO-Feat
Transformed migraine (1993)

Chronic tension-type headache, which is included in the International Headache Classification, is present in only a minority of patients who present with chronic daily headache. The majority have what is termed transformed migraine, with a history of distinct episodes of migraine in the initial years which progresses into chronic daily headache. These patients with transformed migraine exhibit mixed features of migraine and chronic tension-type headache. Two distinct types of transformed migraine are identifiable, namely those related to excessive intake of medications (drug-induced transformed migraine) and those unrelated to excessive use of medications. The clinical features of transformed migraine and the drug-induced variety are described. The need for revision of the International Classification to include chronic daily headache and the subtypes of transformed migraine is pointed out.