gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DOE Team Sequences Three Chromosomes (2000)

Last week, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) elbowed its way into the spotlight with other groups that have been getting attention for sequencing the human genome. Although the Human Genome Project originated in part in DOE laboratories in the 1980s, DOE's contributions have been overshadowed in recent years by giant sequencing operations supported by the Wellcome Trust in the United Kingdom and the National Human Genome Research Institute in the United States, and the private sequencing venture pursued by Celera Genomics of Rockville, Maryland. But DOE is back: On 13 April, DOE Secretary Bill Richardson announced that it has finished the working drafts of human chromosomes 5, 16, and 19. These chromosomes are the first to reach this stage since Britain's Sanger Centre and its partners finished chromosome 22 to finer accuracy in December.
Attachment of smooth muscle cells to collagen and their migration toward platelet-derived growth factor. (1981)

Smooth muscle cells use fibronectin to bind to type I and type III collagens but bind to type V collagen by a trypsin-resistant intrinsic glycoconjugate. The binding site on type V collagen is located in the alpha A chain. By using collagen-coated filters in a modified Boyden chamber assay for chemotaxis, it was observed that the platelet-derived growth factor was chemotactic for smooth muscle cells but that several other growth factors were inactive. We suggest that the migration of smooth muscle cells from the media to the intima of a blood vessel, which leads to the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque, may be the result of a chemotactic migration of cells responsive to the platelet-derived growth factor.
Collaborative Filtering and the Missing at Random Assumption (2012)

Rating prediction is an important application, and a popular research topic in collaborative filtering. However, both the validity of learning algorithms, and the validity of standard testing procedures rest on the assumption that missing ratings are missing at random (MAR). In this paper we present the results of a user study in which we collect a random sample of ratings from current users of an online radio service. An analysis of the rating data collected in the study shows that the sample of random ratings has markedly different properties than ratings of user-selected songs. When asked to report on their own rating behaviour, a large number of users indicate they believe their opinion of a song does affect whether they choose to rate that song, a violation of the MAR condition. Finally, we present experimental results showing that incorporating an explicit model of the missing data mechanism can lead to significant improvements in prediction performance on the random sample of ratings.
Effects of Dietary Flaxseed Oil Supplementation on Equine Plasma Fatty Acid Concentrations and Whole Blood Platelet Aggregation (2002)

Abstract An 18-week feeding trial was performed to investigate the effects of an omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid-enriched ration on plasma fatty acid concentrations and platelet aggregation in healthy horses. Flaxseed oil served as the source of the n-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Twelve horses were fed dietary maintenance requirements using a complete pelleted ration (80%) and timothy grass hay (20%) for a 2-week acclimation period before being randomly assigned either to a treatment (group 1) or control (group 2) group. Group 2 horses (n = 6) were fed the diet described in the acclimation period, whereas group 1 horses (n = 6) were fed a 10% flaxseed oil-enriched complete pellet (80%) and grass hay (20%). Biological samples and physical measurements were collected at one point during the acclimation period (week 0) and every 4 weeks thereafter (weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16). Body weight, CBC (including platelet count), plasma fibrinogen, electrolyte (Na, K, and Cl) concentrations, and biochemical profile enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and creatine kinase) did not change markedly with diet. Platelet aggregation was not altered by the supplementation of flaxseed oil in these healthy horses, although increases in plasma cis-polyunsaturated 18-carbon fatty acids C18:3; n-3 (ALA) and C18:2; n-6 (linoleic acid), biologically active C20:5; n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evident. There were no marked decreases in C20:4; n-6 (arachidonic acid [AA]) or increases in C22:6; n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), signifying that flaxseed oil may have had a high percentage of omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids as well as n-3 fatty acids, and this relatively high n-6: n-3 fatty acid ratio may have affected the biochemical effect of n-3 fatty acids. In healthy horses supplemented with flaxseed oil, platelet aggregation was not altered, which may have been due to the limited biologic effect in healthy subjects or the inability of flaxseed oil to induce the necessary biochemical effect of replacing n-6 fatty acids with n-3 types.
Parametric representation of multichannel audio based on Principal Component Analysis (2006)

International audience
Humanized mice (2005)

Animal models have been instrumental in increasing the understanding of human physiology, particularly immunity. However, these animal models have been limited by practical considerations and genetic diversity. The creation of humanized mice that carry partial or complete human physiological systems may help overcome these obstacles. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened a workshop on humanized mouse models for immunity in Bethesda, MD, on June 13-14, 2005, during which researchers discussed the benefits and limitations of existing animal models and offered insights into the development of future humanized mouse models.
Cyr61, a Member of the CCN Family, Is Required for MCF-7 Cell Proliferation: Regulation by 17β-Estradiol and Overexpression in Human Breast Cancer (2001)

Cyr61, a member of the CCN (CTGF/Cyr61/NOV) family of growth regulators, is a secreted cysteine-rich proangiogenic factor that has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Previous studies have also demonstrated that Cyr61 is regulated by 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) in the uterus. Therefore, we hypothesized that hormonal regulation of Cyr61 may be important in estrogen-dependent pathogenic processes such as breast tumorigenesis. Our study demonstrates that both Cyr61 messenger RNA and protein are induced by E(2) in MCF-7 mammary adenocarcinoma cells that primarily overexpress estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in a dose-dependent and immediate early fashion. Cyr61 gene induction by E(2) is transcriptionally regulated by ERalpha as the antiestrogen, ICI 182,780, and actinomycin D blocked induction completely. In addition, Cyr61 is up-regulated in MCF-7 cells by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in an immediate early fashion as well. The functional relevance of steroid induction of Cyr61 in breast cancer cell growth is demonstrated by anti-Cyr61 neutralizing antibodies, which diminished E(2) and EGF-dependent DNA synthesis and dramatically reduced E(2)-driven cell proliferation by more than 70%. Most importantly, Cyr61 is overexpressed in 70% (28 of 40) of breast cancer patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma and is localized exclusively to hyperplastic ductal epithelial cells. Moreover, the levels of Cyr61 protein are higher in breast tumors that are ER(+)/EGF receptor(+) than those that are ER(-)/EGF receptor(+), suggesting that estrogens may mediate Cyr61 expression in vivo. Collectively, our data suggest that Cyr61 may play a critical role in estrogen- as well as growth factor-dependent breast tumor growth.
Application of a finite-volume time-domain method to three-dimensional objects (2002)

Concurrent engineering approaches for the disciplines of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and electromagnetics (CEM) are necessary for designing future high-performance aircraft. A characteristic-based finite-volume time-domain (FVTD) computational algorithm, used by CFD and now applied to CEM, is implemented to analyze the radar cross section (RCS) of the ogive and cone-sphere. The technique utilizes a scattered-field formulation of the time-dependent Maxwell equations. The FVTD formulation implements a monotone upstream-centered scheme for conservation laws for the flux evaluation and a Runge-Kutta multi-stage scheme for the time integration. The results are obtained from the electromagnetic fields via a Fourier transform and a near-to-far field transformation.
Inducibility of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens by interferon gamma is associated with reduced tumorigenicity in C3H mouse fibroblasts transformed by v-Ki-ras. (1991)

Paired lines of C3H mouse fibroblasts transformed with murine sarcoma virus (Kirsten strain) were prepared that express high or low levels of class II major histocompatibility complex antigen after treatment with interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Here, we described a comparison of the tumorigenicity of these lines in euthymic syngeneic and thymus-deficient nu/nu mice and in mice depleted of IFN-gamma. The class II-inducible cells are clearly less tumorigenic than the noninducible cells in syngeneic mice, but of similar tumorigenicity in nu/nu mice and in mice treated with antibodies to deplete IFN-gamma. We propose that in this system, IFN-gamma induction of class II antigens on the tumor cell surface operates to limit tumor growth; ras expression, which inhibits induction of class II antigens, prevents this and so allows tumor growth.
Multifocal photoacoustic microscopy using a single-element ultrasonic transducer through an ergodic relay (2020)

Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) has demonstrated high-spatial-resolution imaging of optical absorption in biological tissue. To date, most OR-PAM systems rely on mechanical scanning with confocally aligned optical excitation and ultrasonic detection, limiting the wide-field imaging speed of these systems. Although several multifocal OR-PA (MFOR-PA) systems have attempted to address this limitation, they are hindered by the complex design in a constrained physical space. Here, we present a two-dimensional (2D) MFOR-PAM system that utilizes a 2D microlens array and an acoustic ergodic relay. Using a single-element ultrasonic transducer, this system can detect PA signals generated from 400 optical foci in parallel and then raster scan the optical foci patterns to form an MFOR-PAM image. This system improves the imaging resolution of an acoustic ergodic relay system from 220 to 13 μm and enables 400-folds shorter scanning time than that of a conventional OR-PAM system at the same resolution and laser repetition rate. We demonstrated the imaging ability of the system with both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Forty-two compounds in eleven essential oils elicit antennal responses from Aedes aegypti (2010)

Essential oils of various plants can be effective at repelling mosquitoes. The repellent properties are often ascribed to their dominant constituents. Our objective was to analyse several essential oils by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) on the premise that those compounds that are detected by the antennae of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae), are candidate repellents even though they may be minor constituents and thus be overlooked in GC-mass spectrometric analyses of essential oils. In the essential oils of catnip, cinnamon, citronella, cumin, eucalyptus, geranium, ginger, melissa, peppermint, rosemary, and thyme, 42 components induced antennal responses, most commonly β-caryophyllene, linalool, 1,8-cineole, geraniol, and geranial. Some of these 42 components are known insect repellents, indicating that GC-EAD screening of essential oils is a viable analytical technique to detect quantitatively minor constituents, which could be potent repellents when tested at an appropriate dose.
A physical mobile radio channel model (2002)

A semiempirical model for macrocellular mobile radio channels typically encountered in different outdoor environments is presented. The influence of terrain structure on the time- and frequency-selective channel behavior is analyzed. General functional forms are derived in a parametrized form characterizing the channel impulse response. The relevant parameters are extracted from measured data collected with a narrowband system (resolution 5 mu s, f/sub c/=150 MHz) and a broadband system (resolution 150 mu s, f/sub c/=900 MHz) in different regions of Switzerland. Relations between the parameters and the corresponding physical propagation environment can be shown. This is demonstrated for the amplitude distribution and the scattering function, allowing a classification of possible macrocellular channels. Extensions of this method to microcellular channels is also demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Unfused heterobicycles as amplifiers of phleomycin. IV. 4,5'-Bipyrimidines with dimethylamino and/or dimethylaminoethylamino substituents (1981)

The reaction of 5-bromo- N,N -dimethylpyrimidin-2-amine (1a) with butyllithium gives N,N,N',N' -tetramethyl-4,5'-bipyrimidine-2,2'-diamine (2a). The known 4',6-dimethoxy derivative (3a) of this gives only 2,2'-bis(dimethylamino)-6-methoxy-4,5'-bipyrimidin-4'-one (4) on attempted aminolysis by 2-dimethylaminoethylamine, but the corresponding bismethylthio substrate (3b) does undergo regular aminolysis at the 4'-position to give the required product (34.2,2',4',6-Tetrakismethylthio-4,5'-bipyrimidine (5a) undergoes similar aminolysis, first at the 4'- and then at the 2'-position, to give the appropriate amines (5b) and (5c). Structures are confirmed by n.m.r. and mass spectral studies. The products showed little activity as amplifiers of phleomycin.
Genetics and epithelial cell dysfunction in cystic fibrosis (1987)

This book examines the advances being made in the study of the physiology, cell biology, and molecular genetics of cystic fibrosis. Emphasis is placed on various areas of research that involve epithelial cells (e.g., the CF-specific phenotypes exhibited by epithelial cells, abnormalities in epithelium ion transport, chloride channel regulation in CF epithelial.) Coverage is presented on the current status of CF, including data on the incidence of the disease, its mode of inheritance, chromosomal localization, genetic heterogeneity, and screening and management.
Learning to See by Moving (2015)

The current dominant paradigm for feature learning in computer vision relies on training neural networks for the task of object recognition using millions of hand labelled images. Is it also possible to learn features for a diverse set of visual tasks using any other form of supervision? In biology, living organisms developed the ability of visual perception for the purpose of moving and acting in the world. Drawing inspiration from this observation, in this work we investigated if the awareness of egomotion(i.e. self motion) can be used as a supervisory signal for feature learning. As opposed to the knowledge of class labels, information about egomotion is freely available to mobile agents. We found that using the same number of training images, features learnt using egomotion as supervision compare favourably to features learnt using class-label as supervision on the tasks of scene recognition, object recognition, visual odometry and keypoint matching.
Generation of human tumor-reactive cytotoxic T cells against peptides presented by non-self HLA class I molecules (1998)

The cyclin-D1 protein, which was found to be overexpressed in various human tumors, promotes cell cycle progression from the G1 into the S phase. It is normally expressed at low levels in several tissues and is likely to induce immunological tolerance. We have recently shown in a murine system that T cell tolerance to a widely expressed protein was circumvented by raising cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from MHC-mismatched donors. In this study, we tested whether it is possible to raise human allo-restricted CTL against the cyclin-D1 protein. The human cell line T2 is deficient in the genes encoding the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), resulting in inefficient loading of HLA-A2 class I molecules with endogenous peptides. Thus, a large number of A2 molecules can bind exogenously supplied synthetic peptides. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HLA-A2-negative donors were stimulated with T2 cells presenting cyclin-D1-derived synthetic peptides. Cloning of bulk cultures revealed that a large proportion of CTL clones were peptide specific. One peptide induced CTL which lysed cyclin-D1-expressing breast cancer cells, but not control Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphoid cells. The results show that HLA-A2-negative donors can be used to isolate tumor-reactive CTL specific for cyclin-D1 peptides presented by HLA-A2 class I molecules.
Dosimetric aspects of radiolabeled antibodies for tumor therapy. (1986)

Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is rapidly attracting interest as a potential new weapon in the arsenal for cancer therapy. This article concentrates on some of the dosimetric aspects affecting the potential success of RIT, and examines factors which influence the choice of a radiolabel for RIT. No radionuclide is likely to give an optimum tumor/nontumor insult for all tumor types; therefore, the concept of matching the source to tumor morphology is introduced. Lists of candidate radionuclides are given, classified according to the type of decay, range, and energy of the emission. The article examines how the choice of radionuclide for radiolabeling the antibody affects the local energy deposition in the tumor. Both the effect of tumor size on the energy absorbed fraction and the problem of antibody binding heterogeneity are discussed. The approach to RIT is to relate the choice of radionuclide to the physical properties of the tumor.
Epitaxial Si films on Ge(100) grown via H/Cl exchange (1993)

Thin Si films have been grown isothermally on Ge(100) substrates using alternating exposures of Si2H6 and Si2Cl6, maintaining chlorine and hydrogen surface termination. At 465 °C, film growth rate is roughly 2 monolayer per cycle (one cycle equals 1 Si2H6 and 1 Si2Cl6 exposure). At 475 °C a uniform epitaxial film is obtained, while islanding is observed at higher T. This process is thermally activated and is not strictly self-limiting, but has certain desirable characteristics of atomic layer epitaxy growth.
Multimode WDM optical data links with monolithically integrated multiple-channel VCSEL and photodetector arrays (1998)

We report on the design and implementation of a novel multiple-wavelength optical data link for low-cost multimode wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) local-area network applications. This link utilizes a monolithically integrated multiple-wavelength vertical-cavity laser array and a narrow-band resonant-cavity photodetector array to transmit multiple channels of information simultaneously via a single multimode fiber. A detailed analysis on wavelength tuning and threshold characteristics of different laser cavity designs is presented. Theoretical results are compared to our experimental data. On the receiver part, both Schottky and p-i-n photodetectors with a single- or coupled-cavity structure are discussed. A novel p-i-n resonant-cavity photodetector design with a partially oxidized front mirror for linewidth control is proposed. Moreover, we also demonstrate preliminary measurements on the optical link built with our multiple-wavelength vertical-cavity laser array and photodetector array. Finally, the feasibility of constructing a multiwavelength optical data link with a single dual-core multimode fiber and an integrated laser/detector array is evaluated.
Export Information Requirements of U.K. Firms: An Investigation into the Effect of Firm Size (1997)

This study provides empirical evidence concerning the perceived usefulness of sources of export information together with types of data required by U.K. firms. Findings are primarily based on a large scale sample of manufacturers and MANOVA is employed to establish that statistical differences exist between the firms when differentiated by their number of employees. Also reported are selected findings from a series of in-depth interviews. This investigation offers an insight into the activities of managers in dealing with export marketing research and provides implications for trainers and policy makers working at the interface with SMEs.
Stroke and Pregnancy (2000)

The majority of strokes associated with pregnancy were arterial occlusions. Most presented during the third trimester and puerperium.
Coronary sinus occlusion: Effect on ischemic left ventricular dysfunction and reactive hyperemia (1991)

Pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (PICSO) has been shown to reduce experimental infarct size. To examine the role of PICSO in limiting the consequences of brief ischemia on left ventricular function, we studied the effect of PICSO in nine open-chest anesthetized dogs. PICSO was performed using a pump-inflated, balloon-tipped catheter in the coronary sinus until coronary sinus occlusion pressure reached a plateau (10 +/- 3 seconds). The balloon was then rapidly deflated (2 seconds) and the cycle was repeated. Regional left ventricular function in the ischemic zone was assessed by sonomicrometry. Coronary blood flow was measured with a flow probe around the left anterior descending artery (LAD) proximal to an occluding suture. Measurements were obtained at baseline, during a 3-minute LAD occlusion, and for 10 minutes of reperfusion. In an additional five dogs, this sequence was repeated during an infusion of adenosine at a dose that abolished reactive hyperemia following LAD occlusion. The addition of PICSO beginning 15 minutes prior to ischemia and continuing throughout LAD occlusion and reperfusion did not prevent, reduce, or shorten ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. PICSO uniformly blunted reactive hyperemia during reperfusion. However, PICSO also reduced coronary blood flow during maximal vasodilatation achieved by adenosine infusion prior to LAD occlusion. Therefore, it is likely that PICSO decreases reactive hyperemia due to mechanical factors arising from venous engorgement rather than by reducing the ischemic stimulus causing vasodilation.
Flag in the crossroads: flagellin modulates innate and adaptive immunity (2005)

Flagellin is a major activator of innate immunity thus driving pathogen-induced acute inflammation and, perhaps, the active flares of inflammatory bowel disease. Flagellin is also a dominant antigen of the Crohn's disease-associated adaptive immune response, thus placing this molecule at the crossroads of the innate and adaptive immune responses that are the hallmark of intestinal inflammation.