gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nabonidus Chronicle: New Readings and the Identity of Darius the Mede (1996)

There is one place where its dates are clearly out of order.After describing the return of the gods to their cities from the ninth month to the twelfth month of the year in which Babylon was captured, the text goes on to tell of the deaths of Ugbaru, the general who conquered Babylon for Cyrus, and an unnamed queen.These occurred in the eighth month.Following this order, I attempted to date the death of Ugbaru one year and three weeks after the fall of Babylon, rather than just three weeks after that event. 6The purpose of that revision in chronology was to give Ugbaru, my candidate for Darius the Mede, a full year of governmental activity in Babylon before his death.That chronological conclusion was also misguided, and correlations with the contract tablets make it necessary to return to the non-sequential order here.The arrangement of this text by the scribes probably stems from thematic or topical concerns, or from a matter of emphasis.This conclusion indicates that Ugbaru died on VIII/11 in the fall of 539 B.C. according to the dates in the chronicle.This was 25 days after he conquered Babylon and only 8 days after Cyrus arrived there.Chronological Data from Daniel.The question these dates from the chronicle raise is: Does this short period of time allow Ugbaru to carry out the activities attributed to Darius the Mede in Daniel?This requires an examination of the book of Daniel to determine just how much time his Darius requires.Darius the Mede is mentioned in four passages in Daniel: 5:31; 6:1-28; 9:1; 11:1.Daniel 5:31 simply records that Darius received the kingdom when Belshazzar's Babylon fell to the Medes and Persians.In the chronicle's dates this occurred on VII/16 when Ugbaru and his division of the army took Babylon without a battle.Daniel 9:1 gives mainly genealogical data about Darius, indicating that he was of the seed of the Medes and his father's name was Ahasuerus.Since no genealogical data is available for Ugbaru this point cannot presently be checked.One chronological point does appear in Daniel 9:1.Both Daniel's prayer and the prophecy which followed came in Darius' first year.How much time would be necessary for that?Since neither day nor month are mentioned, it could theoretically have occurred in as brief a period as one day into that year.The eight
Photochromic materials for quantum electronics (1969)

The characteristics of idealized photochromic materials are defined. The optical properties of rare-earth-doped CaF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and transition-metal-doped SrTiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> photochromic materials are outlined. The operational parameters of these inorganic photochromic materials pertinent to electrooptic applications are described.
Reconfigurable adaptive RAKE receiver for wideband CDMA systems (2002)

Conventional RAKE receiver is near-far limited in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. Linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) criterion can be used to obtain near-far resistant single-user receivers. Depending on the optimization criterion different adaptive receivers are obtained. A novel adaptive LMMSE-RAKE receiver based on two different LMMSE criteria is presented. The receiver combines the conventional RAKE receiver and single-user LMMSE receivers. Depending on a quality indicator the receiver switches itself to different modes depending on the radio channel conditions. According to the simulation results the novel receiver concept remarkably improves the performance of the conventional RAKE receivers under various channel conditions and data rates.
Angiotensin II-induced contractions in human internal mammary artery: effects of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition (2000)

This study suggests that the in vitro vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II in human internal mammary artery are enhanced at least in part by eicosanoids produced by the cyclooxygenase pathway, probably PGH(2), acting on TXA(2)/PGH(2) receptors, and by lipoxygenase-derived products, particularly cysteinyl leukotrienes acting on CysLT(1) receptors.
Molecular characterization of CDSP 34, a chloroplastic protein induced by water deficit inSolanum tuberosumL. plants, and regulation ofCDSP 34expression by ABA and high illumination (1998)

We previously described the accumulation of a 34 kDa thylakoid protein, named CDSP 34 for chloroplastic drought-induced stress protein, in Solanum tuberosum plants subjected to water deficit. A full-length CDSP 34 cDNA has been isolated and we report here that mature CDSP 34 is highly similar to two chromoplastic proteins, fibrillin from Capsicum annuum and CHRC (for chromoplast protein C) from Cucumis sativus, components of carotenoid-accumulating structures. Northern and Western analyses showed that both CDSP 34 transcript and protein accumulated from early stages of water deficit. In water-stressed tomato plants, similar increases in the CDSP 34-related transcript amount were noticed in wild-type and ABA-deficient flacca mutant, but protein accumulation was observed only in wild-type, suggesting a posttranscriptional role of ABA in CDSP 34 synthesis regulation. Substantial increases in CDSP 34 transcript and protein abundances were also observed in potato plants subjected to high illumination. The CDSP 34 protein is proposed to play a structural role in stabilizing stromal lamellae thylakoids upon osmotic or oxidative stress.
Antisense Strategies (2004)

Antisense technology exploits oligonucleotide analogs to bind to target RNAs via Watson-Crick by hybridization. Once bound, the antisense agent either disables or induces the degradation of the target RNA. Antisense agents may also be used to alter splicing. Developing antisense technology involves the creation of a new pharmacology. The receptors, pre- and mRNAs, had never been studied before as sites for drug binding and action. The drugs, oligonucleotide analogs, had never made or tested as drugs before and no medicinal chemistry had been performed. The receptor binding mechanism, Watson-Crick hybridization had never been demonstrated as feasible to exploit from a pharmacological perspective. The post-receptor binding events were literally unknown and unexplored. During the past decade or more, substantial progress has been made in developing antisense pharmacology. A great deal has been learned about the basic mechanisms of antisense, the medicinal chemistry, the pharmacological, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of antisense molecules. Antisense technology has proven of great value in gene functionalization and target validation. With one drug marketed, Vitravene, and approximately 20 antisense drugs in clinical development, it appears that antisense drugs may prove of value in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. In this review, the progress is summarized, the limitations of the technology discussed and the future considered.
Fiber-Optic Sensors for Biomedical Applications (1984)

In this article the development of fiber-optic sensors for biomedical applications is reviewed. Light-carrying fibers are potentially useful in oximetry, dye dilution measurements, laser-Doppler velocimetry, and fluorometry; as physical sensors of temperature, pressure, and radiation; and as chemical sensors of pH, partial pressure of blood gases, and glucose. Emphasis is placed on the principles and ideas used in the various devices rather than on detailed descriptions or critical discussions.
Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor γ Controls Immunoglobulin Production and Th1/Th2 Cytokine Balance in the Adaptive Immune Response to Allergen (2007)

The retinoid-related orphan receptors (ROR) comprise a distinct subfamily of nuclear receptors with the capacity to act as both repressors and activators of transcription. RORgamma, the most recently identified member of the ROR family, has been shown to be important for the development of normal lymphocyte compartments as well as organogenesis of some lymphoid organs. In this report, we examine the capacity of RORgamma-deficient mice to develop an adaptive immune response to Ag using OVA-induced inflammation in mice as a model for allergic airway disease. In sham-treated mice lacking RORgamma, low-grade pulmonary inflammation was observed and characterized by the perivascular accumulation of B and T lymphocytes, increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the lung lavage fluid, and polyclonal Ig activation. Following sensitization and challenge, the capacity of these animals to develop the allergic phenotype was severely impaired as evidenced by attenuated eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation, reduced numbers of CD4+ lymphocytes, and lower Th2 cytokines/chemokine protein and mRNA expression in the lungs. IFN-gamma and IL-10 production was markedly greater in splenocytes from RORgamma-deficient mice following in vitro restimulation with OVA compared with wild-type splenocytes, and a shift toward a Th1 immune response was observed in sensitized/challenged RORgamma-deficient animals in vivo. These data reveal a critical role for RORgamma in the regulation of Ig production and Th1/Th2 balance in adaptive immunity.
Thiopurine Methyltransferase Genotype Predicts Therapy-Limiting Severe Toxicity from Azathioprine (1998)

Analysis of thiopurine methyltransferase genotype is a quick way to identify patients at risk for acute toxicity from azathioprine.
Spectroscopic Investigations of a Tetrasubstituted Aluminum Naphthalocyanine Near-Infrared Compounds (1994)

Abstract The spectroscopic characteristics in methanol of tetra substituted aluminum 2,3-napthalocyanines (2,3-NcAl) derivatives have been investigated. The tetra substitution of an aluminum naphthalocyanine molecule produces a bathochromic shift of the Q and B band. The N band showed almost no effect by the presence of the functional group and remained at a constant frequency; however, multiple overlapping of bands occurred between 25000 cm−1 (400 nm) and 35000 cm−1 (250 nm). The degree of bathochromic shift of the Q band was affected by the electron withdrawing or electron donating property of the substituents. Changes in the absorption of the Q, B and N band will be discussed. The fluorescence, quantum yield and molar absorptivity of the Q-band due to structural modifications are reported. The molar absorptivity (ε) of the dyes was in the order of 3.5 (log ε); however, higher ε values were obtained with sulphonic groups. Solubility of these compounds in various solvents will be discussed. Possible use of the dye to determine metals and to other cations concentrations will be discussed.
Process window impact of progressive mask defects, its inspection and disposition techniques (go/no-go criteria) via a lithographic detector (2005)

Progressive mask defect problem is an industry wide mask reliability issue. During the start of this problem when the defects on masks are just forming and are still non-critical, it is possible to continue to run such a problem mask in production with relatively low risk of yield impact. But when the defects approach more critical state, a decision needs to be made whether to pull the mask out of production to send for clean (repair). As this problem increases on the high-end masks running DUV lithography where masks are expensive, it is in the interest of the fab to sustain these problem masks in production as long as possible and take these out of production only when absolutely necessary; i.e., when the defects have reached such a critical condition on these masks that it will impact the process window. During the course of this technical work, investigation has been done towards understanding the impact of such small progressive defects on process window. It was seen that a small growing defect may not print at the best focus exposure condition, but it can still influence the process window and can shrink it significantly. With the help of a high-resolution direct reticle inspection, early detection of these defects is possible, but fabs are still searching for a way to disposition (make a go / no-go decision) on these defective masks. But it is not an easy task as the impact of these defects will depend on not only their size, but also on their transmission and MEEF. A lithographic detector has been evaluated to see if this can predict the criticality of such progressive mask defects.
Double-heterojunction lattice-matched and pseudomorphic InGaAs HEMT with delta -doped InP supply layers and p-InP barrier enhancement layer grown by LP-MOVPE (1993)

The design and fabrication using low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE) of a HEMT on InP substrate that only uses InP and In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As as layer materials are reported. Lattice-matched (x=0.53) and strained (x=0.68) channels and a double-heterojunction design were used in this investigation. The DC performance of the 0.8- mu m devices at 300 and 77 K was excellent for both cases. Improvements of 9 and 22% in g/sub mext/ with the strain were measured at the same temperatures, in accordance with theoretical predictions. The approach described may serve as a very useful alternative, especially in MOVPE growth, to InAlAs containing structures because it eliminates many of the troublesome effects such as kinks, deep levels, interface states, high output conductances, and gate leakage, which are to a large extent attributed to impurity-Al interactions. The use of lattice-mismatched InGaAs as channel layer increases the conduction band offset to InP, the DH structure improves both confinement and current, and the p-InP barrier layer results in sufficiently high quasi-Schottky barriers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Self-localizing battery-free cameras (2015)

RFID sensor networks perpetually stream sensor data without batteries. Cameras are power hungry but provide richer information than conventional sensor network nodes. Battery-free, RF-powered camera sensor nodes combine many of the attractive features of RFID sensor networks with those of cameras. However, prior battery-free cameras have no notion of 3D location, which is desirable for creating large scale networks of battery free cameras.
Hibernating Myocardium (1998)

For many years, the functional sequelae of chronic coronary artery disease were considered irreversible and amenable only to palliative therapy. For example, a finding of asynergy (the absence of contraction) on the left ventriculogram was thought to indicate the presence of infarcted myocardium or scarring. It is now clear, however, that chronic left ventricular dysfunction (i.e., reduced contraction or even asynergy) in patients with coronary artery disease is not necessarily irreversible.This new concept is based on two earlier observations. The first was that myocardial dysfunction that was present before the performance of coronary-artery bypass grafting was often reversed after . . .
Integrated photonic switches for nanosecond packet-switched optical wavelength conversion (2006)

We present a multifunctional photonic switch that monolithically integrates an InGaAsP/InP quantum well electroabsorption modulator and an InGaAs photodiode as a part of an on-chip, InP optoelectronic circuit. The optical multifunctionality of the switch offers many configurations to allow for different optical network functions on a single chip. Here we experimentally demonstrate GHz-range optical wavelength-converting switching with only ~10 mW of absorbed input optical power, electronically controlled packet switching with a reconfiguration time of <2.5 ns, and optically controlled packet switching in <300 ps.
SAW/BAW acoustoelectronic technology for filters and communication systems (2010)

Solid state acoustoelectronic technology has had a major impact on communications systems for almost 100 years. The quartz crystal resonator first provided a device for accurate and precise frequency control in oscillators, and then was adapted to produce small, stable filters. However, due to the physical nature of the embodiments, the operational frequency was limited to less than 100 MHz. Solid state surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology emerged in the 1970's to fill a vast number of applications in the 30 MHz to 1 GHz range. The manufacturing used integrated circuit techniques and the embodiments allowed RF frequency operation. Many of the IF SAW applications still exist for demanding military and base station applications, but the performance is greatly enhanced from the early filter development. When cellular phones began in high volume, the technology was adapted and refined to meet demanding low loss, small, and cheap RF filters in the 800 MHz bands. As the frequency of mobile phones increased into the 2GHz band, SAW technology was further challenged requiring enhanced processing and manufacturing techniques, and devices are currently produced. As the frequency increased, thin film bulk acoustic wave resonator (TFR) technology, which had been researched for decades, overcame many drawbacks and are now able to produce high quality filters in the 1-5 GHz range. The SAW and TFR devices compete in the 1-3 GHz range and each can win filter slots, depending on specifications. In addition, these filters are now being integrated into RF modules for multi-band cellular applications. The development of the acoustoelectronic technology continues, always with an eye to enhanced performance, lower cost, and smaller size. New materials, embodiments, wave modes and packaging are all being investigated. Beyond use as just filters, the technology has expanded to RFID tags and sensors. The devices offer advantages of passive, radiation hard and small volume operation. This paper will provide a view of the technology, some historical perspective, current performance and future trends.
Ground-glass opacity at CT: the ABCs. (1997)

Ground-glass opacity at CT: the ABCs.J Collins and E J SternAudio Available | Share
Uncertainties in the Determination of Cross-Link Density by Equilibrium Swelling Experiments in Natural Rubber (2008)

Equilibrium swelling is a feasible and simple experiment to determine the cross-link density of networks. It is the most popular and useful approach; however, in most of the cases, the given values are highly uncertain if not erroneous. The description of the complex thermodynamics of swollen polymer networks is usually based on the Flory−Rehner model. However, experimental evidence has shown that both the mixing term described by the Flory−Huggins expression and the elastic component derived from the affine model are only approximations that fail in the description and prediction of the rubber network behavior. This means that the Flory−Rehner treatment can only give a qualitative evaluation of cross-link density because of its strong dependence on the thermodynamic model. In this work, the uncertainties in the determination of the cross-link density in rubber materials by swelling experiments based on this model are reviewed. The implications and the validity of some of the used approximations as well as their influence in the relationship of the cross-link densities derived from swelling experiments are discussed. Importantly, swelling results are compared with results of a completely independent determination of the cross-link density by proton multiple-quantum NMR, and the correlation observed between the two methods can help to validate the thermodynamic model.
Efficient Gene Transfer to Human Peripheral Blood Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Using Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Based Lentiviral Vectors (2000)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells and are capable of activating naive T cells. Gene transfer of tumor antigen and cytokine genes into DCs could be an important strategy for immunotherapeutic applications. Dendritic cells derived from peripheral blood monocytes do not divide and are therefore poor candidates for gene transfer by Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV)-based retroviral vectors. Lentiviral vectors are emerging as a powerful tool for gene delivery into dividing and nondividing cells. A three-plasmid expression system pseudotyped with the envelope from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) was used to generate lentiviral vector particles expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Peripheral blood monocyte-derived DCs were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 and transduced with lentiviral or Mo-MuLV-based vectors expressing EGFP. FACS analysis of lentiviral vector-transduced DCs derived either from normal healthy volunteers or from melanoma patients demonstrated transduction efficiency ranging from 70 to 90% compared with 2-8% using Mo-MuLV-based vectors pseudotyped with VSV-G. Comparison of lentiviral vectors expressing EGFP driven by CMV or human PGK promoters showed similar levels of transgene expression. Lentiviral vector preparations produced in the absence of HIV accessory proteins transduced DCs at efficiencies equal to vectors produced with accessory proteins. Alu-HIV-1 LTR PCR demonstrated the genomic integration of the lentiviral vector in the transduced DCs. Transduced cells showed characteristic dendritic cell phenotype and strong allostimulatory capacity and maintained the ability to respond to activation signals such as CD40 ligand and lipopolysaccharide. These results provide evidence that lentiviral vectors are efficient tools for gene transfer and expression in monocyte-derived DCs that could be useful for immunotherapeutic applications.
Tribology of Total Artificial Joints (1991)

The tribology of total artificial replacement joints is reviewed. The majority of prosthesis currently implanted comprise a hard metallic component which articulates on ultra high molecular weight polyethylene surface. These relatively hard bearing surfaces operate with a mixed or boundary lubrication regime, which results in wear and wear debris from the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene surface. This debris can contribute to loosening and ultimate failure of the prostheses. The tribological performance of these joints has been considered and a number of factors which may contribute to increased wear rates have been identified. Cushion bearing surfaces consisting of low elastic modulus materials which can articulate with full fluid film lubrication are also described. These bearing surfaces have shown the potential for greatly reducing wear debris.
Defect Engineering by Codoping in KCaI3:Eu2+ Single-Crystalline Scintillators (2017)

Suppressing afterglow is important for extending the application of high-light-yield, high-density metal halides in sensor technology, from homeland security to medical imaging, but is thwarted by our limited understanding of the photophysics involved. This study uses codoping to successfully diminish afterglow in a high-performance halide scintillator. Its experimental results and theoretical calculations show why this approach works: Introducing a small cation to intentionally form a positively charged interstitial can reduce the formation of halogen vacancies, which act as deep electron traps that promote the undesirable afterglow.