gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate B-cell functions (2005)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) suppress T-cell and dendritic-cell function and represent a promising strategy for cell therapy of autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, no information is currently available on the effects of hMSCs on B cells, which may have a large impact on the clinical use of these cells. hMSCs isolated from the bone marrow and B cells purified from the peripheral blood of healthy donors were cocultured with different B-cell tropic stimuli. B-cell proliferation was inhibited by hMSCs through an arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and not through the induction of apoptosis. A major mechanism of B-cell suppression was hMSC production of soluble factors, as indicated by transwell experiments. hMSCs inhibited B-cell differentiation because IgM, IgG, and IgA production was significantly impaired. CXCR4, CXCR5, and CCR7 B-cell expression, as well as chemotaxis to CXCL12, the CXCR4 ligand, and CXCL13, the CXCR5 ligand, were significantly down-regulated by hMSCs, suggesting that these cells affect chemotactic properties of B cells. B-cell costimulatory molecule expression and cytokine production were unaffected by hMSCs. These results further support the potential therapeutic use of hMSCs in immune-mediated disorders, including those in which B cells play a major role.
Partial deletions of the cytoplasmic domain of CD2 result in a partial defect in signal transduction. (1990)

CD2 (T11, the T cell erythrocyte receptor or the SRBC receptor), a nonpolymorphic 47- to 55-kDa glycoprotein, appears to play a role in T lymphocyte adhesion, signal transduction, and differentiation. Pairs of anti-CD2 mAb induce T cell proliferation, suggesting that CD2 may be an Ag-independent pathway of T cell activation. We have expressed the human CD2 and a number of cytoplasmic domain deletion mutants of CD2 in an Ag-reactive murine hybridoma. We have previously shown that a cytoplasmic domain deletion mutant, CD2 delta B, in which the carboxyl-terminal 100 amino acids have been deleted, is no longer capable of signaling through CD2. Here we have expressed a second cytoplasmic domain deletion mutant, CD2 delta S, in which the terminal 41 amino acids have been removed, including the region with greatest conservation between the mouse, rat, and human species. CD2 delta S+ hybridomas were able to respond to Ag and to LFA-3 plus an anti-CD2 mAb. Although the CD2 delta S+ hybridomas responded comparably to the wild-type CD2+ hybridomas to certain pairs of anti-CD2 mAb (e.g., MT110 + 9-1 mAb), these CD2 delta S+ hybridomas were markedly deficient in their ability to respond to other pairs of stimulatory anti-CD2 mAb (e.g., 9.6 + 9-1 mAb). These data suggest that the cytoplasmic domain may have several functional regions, as partial deletions of the cytoplasmic domain appear to result in partial defects in signal transduction.
Dual targeting of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as an antitumor strategy in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (2009)

We have previously shown clinical activity of a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 inhibitor in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). However, 50% of patients did not respond to therapy. We therefore examined mechanisms of activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR in WM, and mechanisms of overcoming resistance to therapy. We first demonstrated that primary WM cells show constitutive activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, supported by decreased expression of phosphate and tensin homolog tumor suppressor gene (PTEN) at the gene and protein levels, together with constitutive activation of Akt and mTOR. We illustrated that dual targeting of the PI3K/mTOR pathway by the novel inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 showed higher cytotoxicity on WM cells compared with inhibition of the PI3K or mTOR pathways alone. In addition, NVP-BEZ235 inhibited both rictor and raptor, thus abrogating the rictor-induced Akt phosphorylation. NVP-BEZ235 also induced significant cytotoxicity in WM cells in a caspase-dependent and -independent manner, through targeting the Forkhead box transcription factors. In addition, NVP-BEZ235 targeted WM cells in the context of bone marrow microenvironment, leading to significant inhibition of migration, adhesion in vitro, and homing in vivo. These studies therefore show that dual targeting of the PI3K/mTOR pathway is a better modality of targeted therapy for tumors that harbor activation of the PI3K/mTOR signaling cascade, such as WM.
Scanning tunneling microscopy of ethanethiolate and n-octadecanethiolate monolayers spontaneously absorbed at gold surfaces (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScanning tunneling microscopy of ethanethiolate and n-octadecanethiolate monolayers spontaneously absorbed at gold surfacesCindra A. Widrig, Carla A. Alves, and Marc D. PorterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8, 2805–2810Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00008a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00008a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views998Altmetric-Citations387LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiple-quantum spin coherence in the ground state of alkali atomic vapors (1997)

Two-dimensional (2D) multiple-quantum coherence is reported for the hyperfine ground state of rubidium and cesium atoms by applying multiple radio-frequency pulses to the optically polarized atoms. Calculations of 1D and 2D multiple quantum coherences were performed with a general theory for an arbitrary high spin system by using irreducible tensor operators. The experimental results compare very well with the calculations.
INDUCTION OF TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE IN HUMANS USING FETAL CELL TRANSPLANTS (2004)

P901 Introduction: When engrafted with donor stem cells and lymphoid cells, patients develop transplantation tolerance to donor antigens. We analyzed the mechanism of tolerance induction in immuno-incompetent recipients reconstituted with donor stem cells. Methods: Seven infants or human fetuses received fetal liver transplants as a treatment for severe combined immunodeficiency disease. After reconstitution of immunity by lymphocytes developed from donor stem cells, T-cell clones were produced and analyzed. Results: Since donors and recipients were HLA-mismatched, it was easy to demonstrate the donor origin of T-cell clones. These clones were shown to have developed tolerance to histocompatibility antigens of the stem cell donor via a process of clonal deletion (probably as a result of contact with donor-derived macrophages and dendritic cells). They were also tolerant to histocompatibility antigens of the host but through a different mechanism : many clones recognized these antigens but had no detrimental effect on the target cells exhibiting host antigens, either in vitro or in vivo. Clonal anergy was therefore the cause of this tolerance to host determinants, resulting in a lack of graft-versus-host disease and auto-immunity. The contact between developing T-cells of donor origin and host epithelial cells within the host thymus may explain this clonal anergy. It should be noted that all patients had high serum levels of interleukin 10 which might have contributed to the persistent engraftment and tolerance. Conclusion and perspective: The processes described above resulted in transplantation tolerance within genetically immuno-incompetent hosts. We have also tried to reproduce such a tolerance under two other circumstances : (a) in fetuses with inborn errors of metabolism or hematological disease, transplanted with fetal cells before the maturation of their own thymus, and (b) in children with inborn errors of metabolism, transplanted with fetal cells after having received immunosuppression therapy. In both of these cases, a prope and transient tolerance was obtained, but persistence of donor cells was lower than that in immunodeficiency patients and was not sufficient for full tolerance.
Dimerization of B-type Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptors Occurs After Ligand Binding and Is Closely Associated with Receptor Kinase Activation (1989)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was found to induce dimerization of purified B-type PDGF receptors, as analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis after covalent cross-linking using disuccinimidyl suberate. PDGF-BB was 20-fold more effective than PDGF-AB; PDGF-AA was without effect. The dimerization was dose-dependent and was maximal at 0.5-2 micrograms/ml PDGF-BB; at higher concentrations dimerization was less abundant. This indicates that dimerization occurred when one PDGF-BB molecule bound two receptor molecules. The dimerization correlated to activation of the tyrosine kinase of the receptor, determined as autophosphorylation, but was not dependent on phosphorylation reactions because it occurred also in the absence of ATP. Furthermore, dimerization of the receptor correlated with the ability to phosphorylate phosphofructokinase, an exogenous substrate. The complex of ligand and receptor dimer was stable; it resisted electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions, as well as gel chromatography. The present data indicate that intermolecular mechanisms are involved in signal transduction from the external ligand binding domain to the internal effector domains of the B-type PDGF receptor.
Efficacy of Desensitization via the Sublingual Route in Mite Allergy (2003)

Desensitization via the sublingual route when treating mite allergy is a new technique in immunotherapy that has aroused the interest of an increasing number of allergists. Assessing its effectiveness is difficult because of the multiplicity of the criteria used by the various published studies to determine what constitutes an improvement. But a critical analysis of the results obtained in the various methodologically rigorous studies suggests that treatment is effective when compared to a placebo. It remains, however, necessary to determine whether or not the sublingual route is superior to the subcutaneous route; its ease of use and harmlessness should not be the only criteria when deciding upon a treatment that above all else should be curative.
Macromolecule-small molecule interactions. Strong binding by intramolecularly cross-linked polylysine (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMacromolecule-small molecule interactions. Strong binding by intramolecularly cross-linked polylysineIrving M. Klotz and Joel U. HarrisCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 6, 923–926Publication Date (Print):March 16, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 16 March 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00782a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00782a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis with botulinum‐A toxin (2002)

Botulinum-A toxin may offer a fast, safe, and highly effective therapeutic option for severe hyperhidrosis.
Efficacy of Aerosolized Recombinant Interferons Against Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Induced Lung Infection in Cotton Rats (1984)

Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were inoculated intranasally with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and exposed to different regimens of small particle aerosols of either recombinant human alpha interferon A (rIFN-alpha A) or hybrid recombinant human alpha interferon A/D (rIFN-alpha A/D). Preliminary in vitro tests indicated that both recombinant IFNs were effective in protecting primary cotton rat pulmonary cells against VSV replication. However, rIFN-alpha A/D was 20-fold more active than rIFN-alpha A in these tests. In the in vivo tests, in contrast to control animals inoculated with VSV, but not treated, or treated only with aerosols of saline, animals exposed to either rIFN-alpha A or -alpha A/D for 8 h per day before and/or following VSV inoculation had no detectable virus titers in their lungs. In experiments in which groups of animals were treated for shorter periods, rIFN-alpha A was less effective than rIFN-alpha A/D in suppressing replication of VSV in lungs of these animals.
MOSFET Channel Engineering using Strained Si, SiGe, and Ge Channels (2002)

Biaxial tensile strained Si grown on SiGe virtual substrates will be incorporated into future generations of CMOS technology due to the lack of performance increase with scaling. Compressively strained Ge-rich alloys with high hole mobilities can also be grown on relaxed SiGe. We review progress in strained Si and dual channel heterostructures, and also introduce high hole mobility digital alloy heterostructures. By optimizing growth conditions and understanding the physics of hole and electron transport in these devices, we have fabricated nearly symmetric mobility p-and n-MOSFETs on a common Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 virtual substrate.
Skeletal Trauma and Common Orthopedic Problems (2009)

Our understanding of the biology of fracture healing has evolved over the decades and basic science research as well as clinical outcomes studies continue to add to the existing knowledge. This review outlines the physiology and pathology of healing of fractures including those in children as well as fracture configurations with basic modalities of fixation and treatment.
Bulk transport measurements in ZnO: The effect of surface electron layers (2010)

Magnetotransport measurements and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy were used to investigate the surface conductivity of ZnO. Near-surface downward band bending, consistent with electron accumulation, was found on the polar and nonpolar faces of bulk ZnO single crystals. A significant polarity effect was observed in that the downward band bending was consistently stronger on the Zn-polar face and weaker on the O-polar face. The surface electron accumulation layer was found to significantly influence the electrical properties of high resistivity, hydrothermally grown bulk ZnO crystals at temperatures below 200 K, and is largely responsible for the anomalously low electron mobility reported for this material.
Monitor Alarm Fatigue: Standardizing Use of Physiological Monitors and Decreasing Nuisance Alarms (2010)

Although alarms are important and sometimes life-saving, they can compromise patients' safety if ignored. This unit-based quality improvement initiative was beneficial as a starting point for revamping alarm management throughout the institution.
Occurrence and content of hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid compounds in foods (1989)

Phenolic acid compounds seem to be universally distributed in plants. They have been the subject of a great number of chemical, biological, agricultural, and medical studies. Hydroxycinnamic acid compounds occur most frequently as simple esters with hydroxy carboxylic acids or glucose, while the hydroxybenzoic acid compounds are present mainly in the form of glucosides. Furthermore, phenolic acids may occur in food plants as esters or glycosides conjugated with other natural compounds such as flavonoids, alcohols, hydroxyfatty acids, sterols, and glucosides. Also, hydroxycinnamic acid amides appear to be common constituents. The occurrence of the different natural phenolic acid compounds in foods is reviewed, and data of the content in fruit, vegetables, and spices are given. The distribution of the main phenolic acid compounds in food plants as well as their changes during development and maturation of fruits are considered. Furthermore, the hydroxycinnamic acids bound to cell wall polymers, the phenolic acid compounds in coffee, cereals, oil seed, and tree nuts, and the analysis of phenolic acid derivatives are reviewed.
ВЫЖИВАЕМОСТЬ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ ШТАММОВ САПРОФИТНЫХ БАКТЕРИЙ В РЕЧНОЙ ВОДЕ И ИХ АДАПТАЦИЯ (1983)

Лээло АЛТОН ВЫЖИВАЕМОСТЬ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ ШТАММОВ САПРОФИТНЫХ БАКТЕРИЙ В РЕЧНОЙ ВОДЕ И ИХ АДАПТАЦИЯ Сапрофитные бактерии, с точки зрения разложения органических ве- ществ, имеют большое значение в процессе самоочищения водоемов.Популяция их состоит из отдельных штаммов, которые отличаются друг от друга по своим требованиям к внешней среде.Кроме водных бактерий, местом обитания которых является вода, в водоемы попа- дает массовое количество почвенных бактерий.Хотя для почвенных бактерий, попадающих в воду, в частности, в речную воду, эта среда резко отличается от их обычной среды обитания, все же можно пред- положить, что не все они там сразу погибают.Часть их осаждается с разными веществами, на которые они адсорбированы, на дно рек, часть уносится с водой в море далеко от устьев.Таким образом, изу- чение поведения этих бактерий в условиях воды имеет большое зна- чение с точки зрения выяснения сущности биологических процессов в водных экосистемах.Некоторые данные об этом уже имеются.В исследованиях О. И. Колешко и др.(1982) представлены сведения о нахождении разных бак- терий, в том числе таких, которые обитают обычно в почве, в пробах воды из оз.Нарочь в Белоруссии.Авторы отмечают, что водоемы Бело- руссии совершенно не изучены в отношении видового состава гетеро- трофных бактерий.Аналогичное можно сказать и о внутренних водо- емах Эстонии.Весьма мало имеется также данных о выживаемости отдельных штаммов почвенных бактерий в речной воде и об их адап- тационной способности.Необходимым условием, от которого зависит адаптационная спо- собность всех микроорганизмов
Survey of harmonics measurements in electrical distribution systems (2002)

An assessment of the harmonics found in the electrical distribution system of several buildings in the three Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge plants in Tennessee has yielded several conclusions useful in the design of electrical distribution systems. A preliminary survey to determine where significant amounts of harmonic currents or voltages existed in the distribution system was performed at several buildings by comparing readings taken with true root-mean-square (RMS) multimeters and averaging multimeters (nontrue RMS meters). From these measurements and subsequent calculations, facilities that appeared to have significant levels of harmonics present were analyzed with a power analyzer that could record waveforms and give the spectrum and magnitude of harmonics. Among the nonlinear loads for which sample waveforms are illustrated are fluorescent lighting (both magnetic and electronic ballasts), variable frequency drives, switch mode power supplies, and uninterruptible power supplies. A discussion as to how various harmonic waveforms come about as a result of these nonlinear loads is also outlined in this paper.
Oligonucleotides containing a covalent conformationally restricted phosphodiester analog for high-affinity triple helix formation: the riboacetal internucleotide linkage (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOligonucleotides containing a covalent conformationally restricted phosphodiester analog for high-affinity triple helix formation: the riboacetal internucleotide linkageRobert J. Jones, S. Swaminathan, John F. Milligan, Shalini Wadwani, Brian C. Froehler, and Mark D. MatteucciCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 21, 9816–9817Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00074a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00074a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts