gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of proposed diagnostic criteria (the “Budapest Criteria”) for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (2010)

Current IASP diagnostic criteria for CRPS have low specificity, potentially leading to overdiagnosis. This validation study compared current IASP diagnostic criteria for CRPS to proposed new diagnostic criteria (the "Budapest Criteria") regarding diagnostic accuracy. Structured evaluations of CRPS-related signs and symptoms were conducted in 113 CRPS-I and 47 non-CRPS neuropathic pain patients. Discriminating between diagnostic groups based on presence of signs or symptoms meeting IASP criteria showed high diagnostic sensitivity (1.00), but poor specificity (0.41), replicating prior work. In comparison, the Budapest clinical criteria retained the exceptional sensitivity of the IASP criteria (0.99), but greatly improved upon the specificity (0.68). As designed, the Budapest research criteria resulted in the highest specificity (0.79), again replicating prior work. Analyses indicated that inclusion of four distinct CRPS components in the Budapest Criteria contributed to enhanced specificity. Overall, results corroborate the validity of the Budapest Criteria and suggest they improve upon existing IASP diagnostic criteria for CRPS.
Synergistic Activation of ENaC by Three Membrane-bound Channel-activating Serine Proteases (mCAP1, mCAP2, and mCAP3) and Serum- and Glucocorticoid-regulated Kinase (Sgk1) inXenopusOocytes (2002)

Sodium balance is maintained by the precise regulation of the activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the kidney. We have recently reported an extracellular activation of ENaC-mediated sodium transport (I(Na)) by a GPI-anchored serine protease (mouse channel-activating protein, mCAP1) that was isolated from a cortical collecting duct cell line derived from mouse kidney. In the present study, we have identified two additional membrane-bound serine proteases (mCAP2 and mCAP3) that are expressed in the same cell line. We show that each of these proteases is able to increase I(Na) 6-10-fold in the Xenopus oocyte expression system. I(Na) and the number (N) of channels expressed at the cell surface (measured by binding of a FLAG monoclonal I(125)-radioiodinated antibody) were measured in the same oocyte. Using this assay, we show that mCAP1 increases I(Na) 10-fold (P < 0.001) but N remained unchanged (P = 0.9), indicating that mCAP1 regulates ENaC activity by increasing its average open probability of the whole cell (wcP(o)). The serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (Sgk1) involved in the aldosterone-dependent signaling cascade enhances I(Na) by 2.5-fold (P < 0.001) and N by 1.6-fold (P < 0.001), indicating a dual effect on N and wcP(o). Compared with Sgk1 alone, coexpression of Sgk1 with mCAP1 leads to a ninefold increase in I(Na) (P < 0.001) and 1.3-fold in N (P < 0.02). Similar results were observed for mCAP2 and mCAP3. The synergism between CAPs and Sgk1 on I(Na) was always more than additive, indicating a true potentiation. The synergistic effect of the two activation pathways allows a large dynamic range for ENaC-mediated sodium regulation crucial for a tight control of sodium homeostasis.
Distributed ARTMAP: a neural network for fast distributed supervised learning (1998)

Distributed coding at the hidden layer of a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) endows the network with memory compression and noise tolerance capabilities. However, an MLP typically requires slow off-line learning to avoid catastrophic forgetting in an open input environment. An adaptive resonance theory (ART) model is designed to guarantee stable memories even with fast on-line learning. However, ART stability typically requires winner-take-all coding, which may cause category proliferation in a noisy input environment. Distributed ARTMAP (dARTMAP) seeks to combine the computational advantages of MLP and ART systems in a real-time neural network for supervised learning. An implementation algorithm here describes one class of dARTMAP networks. This system incorporates elements of the unsupervised dART model, as well as new features, including a content-addressable memory (CAM) rule for improved contrast control at the coding field. A dARTMAP system reduces to fuzzy ARTMAP when coding is winner-take-all. Simulations show that dARTMAP retains fuzzy ARTMAP accuracy while significantly improving memory compression.
JNK1 controls mast cell degranulation and IL-1β production in inflammatory arthritis (2010)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease marked by bone and cartilage destruction. Current biologic therapies are beneficial in only a portion of patients; hence small molecules targeting key pathogenic signaling cascades represent alternative therapeutic strategies. Here we show that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1, but not JNK2, is critical for joint swelling and destruction in a serum transfer model of arthritis. The proinflammatory function of JNK1 requires bone marrow-derived cells, particularly mast cells. Without JNK1, mast cells fail to degranulate efficiently and release less IL-1β after stimulation via Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). Pharmacologic JNK inhibition effectively prevents arthritis onset and abrogates joint swelling in established disease. Hence, JNK1 controls mast cell degranulation and FcγR-triggered IL-1β production, in addition to regulating cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase biosynthesis, and is an attractive therapeutic target in inflammatory arthritis.
A Necessary Good: Nuclear Hormone Receptors and Their Chromatin Templates (2001)

The eukaryotic genome is exquisitely responsive to a great variety of internal, developmental, and environmental stimuli and yet is most commonly visualized in packaged form: each 180 bp of DNA are bound to histones into a nucleosome, chains of nucleosomes coalesce into a necklace, and the necklace twists into a chromosome of undetermined structure that is somewhat inert in its regularity. This seeming conundrum is easily resolved in vivo, because, rather than treat the histones and chromatin as some pernicious obstacle that ought to be swept out of the way, eukaryotic transcriptional regulators clearly see a powerful ally in the nucleoprotein architecture of chromatin and make extensive use of its disruption, modification, and assembly to control the genome’s behavior. In this review, we focus on a well researched example of such a symbiosis: the intimate functional relationship that nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) have with their chromatin templates. Its history in biological scholarship is a distinguished one and includes the pioneering study by Klever and Carlson (1) in the 1950s on the insect steroid hormone ecdysone that revealed a functional connection between hormone action, gene activation, and remodeling of chromatin, studies in the 1980s on the glucocorticoid receptor that took such analysis to a molecular level (2), and subsequent work in the 1990s from a number of laboratories that characterized the extraordinarily diverse spectrum of chromatin-modifying and -remodeling factors that partner with the NHRs to effect gene regulation (3). In this review, we address some textbook schematic-inspired misconceptions about the structure of the nucleosome and of chromatin that are relevant to transcriptional control and elaborate on the structural impediments created by chromatin for access to DNA by nonhistone factors. We highlight mechanisms whereby such NHRs as the glucocorticoid, estrogen, and thyroid hormone receptors overcome this impediment and present a hypothetical scenario for gene activation by NHRs in vivo. Various types of chromatin disruption and modification phenomena that occur in vivo and the chromatin-modifying machines thought to be responsible for such modifications are described. We list the evidence implicating such machines in NHR function and conclude by reviewing recent data that illuminate the remarkably dynamic nature of in vivo gene regulation by NHRs.
Analysis of tocopherols and phytosterols in vegetable oils by HPLC with evaporative light‐scattering detection (1990)

Methods were developed for the separation, detection, and quantification of tocopherols and phytosterols by high‐performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light‐scattering detector. Four tocopherols— α, β, γ and δ—and four phytosterols—campesterol, β‐sitosterol, brassicasterol, and stigmasterol—were analyzed in soybean, sunflower, low‐erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR) and corn oils. The use of an evaporative light‐scattering detector, in conjunction with modification of methods from the literature to prepare and analyze tocopherols and phytosterols by HPLC, showed consistent results between trials and levels of these minor constituents.
Dynamically tunable hemispherical electronic eye camera system with adjustable zoom capability (2011)

Imaging systems that exploit arrays of photodetectors in curvilinear layouts are attractive due to their ability to match the strongly nonplanar image surfaces (i.e., Petzval surfaces) that form with simple lenses, thereby creating new design options. Recent work has yielded significant progress in the realization of such "eyeball" cameras, including examples of fully functional silicon devices capable of collecting realistic images. Although these systems provide advantages compared to those with conventional, planar designs, their fixed detector curvature renders them incompatible with changes in the Petzval surface that accompany variable zoom achieved with simple lenses. This paper describes a class of digital imaging device that overcomes this limitation, through the use of photodetector arrays on thin elastomeric membranes, capable of reversible deformation into hemispherical shapes with radii of curvature that can be adjusted dynamically, via hydraulics. Combining this type of detector with a similarly tunable, fluidic plano-convex lens yields a hemispherical camera with variable zoom and excellent imaging characteristics. Systematic experimental and theoretical studies of the mechanics and optics reveal all underlying principles of operation. This type of technology could be useful for night-vision surveillance, endoscopic imaging, and other areas that require compact cameras with simple zoom optics and wide-angle fields of view.
FCenters in Pure and Hydride-Containing Alkali Halide Crystals (1955)

Additional evidence regarding the role of imperfections in the gamma-ray coloring and optical bleaching of the alkali halides has been obtained by comparing crystals with and without $U$ centers. Parameters varied were gamma-ray exposure rate, crystal temperature, hydride concentration, $F$-band illumination intensity, and thermal history of the crystal. The coloring efficiency increased with temperature, trap depth and vacancy or $U$-center concentration. Under $F$-band illumination, both pure and $U$-centered crystals exhibited an initial period of rapid bleaching, followed by a long slow-bleaching period. Interrupting the bleaching in $U$-centered crystals by storage in the dark restored the higher bleaching rate. The slow bleaching was temperature-dependent, increased slightly with $F$-band illumination intensity, and was essentially independent of the $U$-center concentration. The results support the hypothesis that coloring and bleaching rates are primarily controlled by the availability of suitable holes and vacancies. Crystals containing the hydride color more efficiently than pure crystals because all constituents of the $F$ center are present in the parent $U$ center; whereas pure crystals bleach faster because of the accessibility of the holes.
Substitution of an invariant nucleotide at the base of the highly conserved ‘530–loop’ of 15S rRNA causes suppression of yeast mitochondrial ochre mutations (1989)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence alteration in the 15S rRNA gene of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying the previously described mitochondrial ochre suppressor, MSUI. The suppressor contains an A residue at position 633 of the yeast mitochondrial sequence, in place of the wild-type G. This position, located in the highly conserved region forming the stem of the '530-loop', corresponds to G517 of the Escherichia coli 16S rRNA and is occupied by G in all other known small rRNA sequences. This finding strongly supports the previous conclusions of others that the 530-loop region plays an important role in enhancing translational accuracy.
Cyclodextrin Solubilization of ETH-615, a Zwitterionic Drug (1998)

Therapeutic usefulness of many zwitterionic drugs is hampered by their very low aqueous solubility. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of cyclodextrins on the solubility of the zwitterionic drug ETH-615, the role that charge might play in the cyclodextrin complexation, and the influence of polymers and ion-pairing agents on the cyclodextrin solubilization. The effects of five different beta-cyclodextrin derivatives were evaluated, i.e., the anionic beta-cyclodextrin sulfobutyl ether sodium salt and carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin sodium salt, the uncharged 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin, and the cationic 2-hydroxy-3-trimethyl-ammoniopropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. The uncharged cyclodextrins had much larger solubilizing effect on ETH-615 than the charged ones. However, due to the highly polar zwitterionic structure of ETH-615 the stability constants of its cyclodextrin complexes were several orders of magnitude smaller than those commonly observed for uncharged lipophilic compounds. Cyclodextrin solubilization of ETH-615 was enhanced by water-soluble polymers and ion-pairing agents.
Complete amino acid sequence of ubiquitin from the higher plant Avena sativa (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplete amino acid sequence of ubiquitin from the higher plant Avena sativaRichard D. Vierstra, Susan M. Langan, and G. Eric SchallerCite this: Biochemistry 1986, 25, 11, 3105–3108Publication Date (Print):June 3, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 3 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00359a006https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00359a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mice lacking major histocompatibility complex class I and class II molecules. (1993)

Mice lacking major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens were generated by mating beta 2-microglobulin-deficient, and therefore class I-deficient, animals with MHC class II-deficient animals. When housed under sterile conditions, the resulting MHC-deficient mice appear healthy, survive for many months, and breed successfully. Phenotypically, MHC-deficient mice are depleted of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral lymphoid organs due to a lack of appropriate restricting elements. In contrast, the B-cell compartment of these animals appears intact, and MHC-deficient mice can mount specific antibody responses when challenged with a T-independent antigen. Spleen cells from MHC-deficient animals are poor stimulators and responders in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Despite their relatively weak cellular immune responses in vitro, MHC-deficient mice reject allogeneic skin grafts with little delay, and grafts from MHC-deficient animals are rapidly rejected by normal allogeneic recipients. Taken together, these results emphasize the plasticity of the immune system and suggest that MHC-deficient mice may be useful for examining compensatory mechanisms in severely immunocompromised animals.
Amino acid substitutions influencing intracellular protein folding pathways (1992)

Though an increasing variety of chaperonins are emerging as important factors in directing polypeptide chain folding off the ribosome, the primary amino acid sequence remains the major determinant of final conformation. The ability to identify cytoplasmic folding intermediates in the formation of the tailspike endorhamnosidase of phage P22 has made it possible to isolate two classes of mutations influencing folding intermediates — temperature‐sensitive folding mutations and global suppressors of tsf mutants. These and related amino acid substitutions in eukaryotic proteins are discussed in the context of inclusion body formation and problems in the recovery of correctly folded proteins.
The Effect of Choice of Relief Valve on the Response of a Hydraulic Control System (1979)

The paper describes an investigation into the dynamic response of an inertia-loaded system when a variety of alternative pressure relief valves are incorporated into the system. Experimental response measurements show that the choice of relief valve can have a distinct effect on load response. The paper also confirms that experimentally-established discharge flow rate versus system pressure characteristics for relief valves can be used to represent the relief valves in dynamic simulations of systems where the primary aim is to study load response to system command inputs. Results for both experimental and simulated system responses are given.
Highly Efficient and Rapid Cs+ Uptake by the Layered Metal Sulfide K2xMnxSn3−xS6 (KMS-1) (2009)

The details of the ion-exchange properties of the layered sulfide material K(2x)Mn(x)Sn(3-x)S(6) (x = 0.5-0.95) (KMS-1) with Cs(+) and Rb(+) cations are reported. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analyses, and powder and single-crystal diffraction studies revealed that the Cs(+) and Rb(+) ion exchange of KMS-1 is complete (quantitative replacement of K(+) ions) and topotactic. These data also revealed that the Cs(+) exchange is accompanied with a rare topotactic oxidation of Mn(2+) to Mn(3+) caused by atmospheric oxygen, while the Rb(+) ion exchange only slightly alters the oxidation state of the layer manganese atoms. The absorption of Cs(+) by KMS-1 follows the Langmuir model with a high exchange capacity of 226(4) mg/g (pH approximately 7) and distribution coefficients as high as 2 x 10(4) mL/g. KMS-1 displays significant cesium uptake both under strongly acidic (pH 0.7-2.6) or basic conditions (pH 10-12). The kinetics of Cs(+) capture by KMS-1 is fast (>90% removal of approximately 1 ppm of Cs(+) within only 5 min). KMS-1 was also found capable to efficiently absorb Cs(+) from complex solutions containing various competitive cations in large excess. KMS-1 (containing Mn(3+) ions) can be regenerated and reused for Cs(+) exchange with an exchange capacity very similar to that of the pristine KMS-1. The results indicate that layered metal sulfides with ion-exchange properties may be considered as highly selective and cost-effective sorbents for remediation of water contaminated with the radioactive (137)Cs isotope. The selectivity over other alkali ions for Cs originates not from a size effect but from the more favorable Cs...S soft Lewis acid/Lewis base interactions.
Molecular Beams of Macroions (1968)

By means of electrospraying a dilute polymer solution into an evaporation chamber, negative macroions can be produced and a molecular beam formed by sampling the gaseous mixture of macroions, solvent, and nitrogen molecules with a nozzle-skimmer system of the Kantrowitz–Gray type. The macroion current can be detected by a Faraday cage after the light ions have been repelled from the beam by negative voltages on a repeller grid. Theoretical repeller voltages which best agree with the observed are those calculated by assuming a macroion velocity within 2% of the estimated supersonic beam velocity of 743 m sec−1. Polystyrene macroions of 51 000 weight-average amu tend to form dimers and trimers in the beam while larger polystyrene macroions of 411 000 weight-average amu appear mostly to be multiply charged single species. The results demonstrate that definite mass/charge states can be formed by the electrospray technique, that a considerable monochromatization of macroion velocities in the beam takes place, and that the macroions become highly concentrated relative to low-molecular-weight solvent and nitrogen ions during the transit time in the supersonic beam.
Immunoglobulin Superfamily Receptor Translocation Associated 2 Protein on Lymphoma Cell Lines and Hairy Cell Leukemia Cells Detected by Novel Monoclonal Antibodies (2005)

Our results provide the first evidence that IRTA2 is expressed on the surface of human lymphoma cell lines and HCL cells. IRTA2 could be useful as a new target for immunotherapy.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of alpha-fetoprotein in testicular germ cell tumors. (1986)

Immunohistochemically AFP was demonstrated in testicular germ cell tumors using the PAP method after Sternberger. AFP immunoreactivity was found in the yolk sac components of combined germ cell tumors. But embryonal carcinomas showed positive immunoperoxidase reaction for AFP in the cytoplasm of single cells in the solid masses and in areas forming tubular patterns. Also embryoid bodies in a polyembryoma and in combined germ cell tumors showed an AFP reactivity. Furthermore in immature teratomas positive staining was seen in epithelial cells of primitive cysts, adenoid and gut-like structures of probably entodermal origin. The positively reacting structures of combined germ cell tumors could be interpreted as early stages of embryonal development. Thus the results support the theory of totipotency of cells of embryonal carcinoma.
Anaesthetic implications of paediatric thoracoscopy (2005)

Anaesthetic care during thoracic surgical procedures in children combines components of the knowledge bases of paediatric anaesthesia with those of thoracic anaesthesia. This article highlights the principles of anaesthesia during thoracoscopic surgery in children including preoperative evaluation, anaesthetic induction techniques, maintenance anaesthesia and options for postoperative analgesia. In addition, given the need to provide optimal surgical visualization during the procedure, one lung ventilation may be required. Techniques to provide one lung ventilation in the paediatric patient and the principles of anaesthesia care during one lung ventilation are discussed.
Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design (1982)

The discipline of antenna theory has experienced vast technological changes. In response, Constantine Balanis has updated his classic text, Antenna Theory, offering the most recent look at all the necessary topics. New material includes smart antennas and fractal antennas, along with the latest applications in wireless communications. Multimedia material on an accompanying CD presents PowerPoint viewgraphs of lecture notes, interactive review questions, Java animations and applets, and MATLAB features. Like the previous editions, Antenna Theory, Third Edition meets the needs of e