gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HAMLET Treatment Delays Bladder Cancer Development (2010)

Results show that HAMLET is active as a tumoricidal agent and suggest that topical HAMLET administration may delay bladder cancer development.
Diffusion of Sb in Strained and Relaxed Si and SiGe (1996)

The effect of strain on the vacancy-mediated diffusion of Sb has been investigated by comparing the diffusivities in tensile-strained and relaxed Si and in compressively strained and relaxed S${\mathrm{i}}_{0.91}$G${\mathrm{e}}_{0.09}$. The diffusivity is enhanced by compressive strain and retarded by tensile strain. These experimental observations are in agreement with theoretical predictions by Antonelli and Bernholc [Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 163, 523 (1990)] and Cowern et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2585 (1994)].
Neural Tissue Engineering: A Self-Organizing Collagen Guidance Conduit (2005)

We report a novel implantable device that will deliver a tethered aligned collagen guidance conduit containing Schwann cells into a peripheral nerve injury site. Cells (Schwann cells and fibroblasts) incorporated into tethered rectangular collagen gels contracted and resulted in uniaxial alignment. This tissue-engineered construct was tested in three-dimensional culture and demonstrated the ability to guide neurite extension from dissociated dorsal root ganglia. A silicone tube was adapted to provide tethering sites for an implantable construct such that uniaxial cell-generated tension resulted in the formation of a bridge of aligned collagen fibrils, with a resident Schwann cell population. The potential of this device for surgical nerve regeneration was assessed in a 5-mm defect in a rat sciatic nerve model. Neural regeneration through this device was significantly greater than in controls, demonstrating that this system has potential both as a simple robust clinical implant and as a three-dimensional engineered tissue model.
The Bang-Bang Principle for Linear Control Systems (1964)

Related DatabasesWeb of Science You must be logged in with an active subscription to view this.Article DataHistorySubmitted: 23 March 1964Published online: 18 July 2006Publication DataISSN (print): 0887-4603ISSN (online): 2168-359XPublisher: Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsCODEN: sjcodc.1
Experimental Yersinia-triggered reactive arthritis: effect of a 3-week course of ciprofloxacin (1997)

Lewis rats were injected i.v. with live Yersinia enterocolitica, resulting in 1-2 weeks in an arthritis greatly resembling human reactive arthritis. Starting on day 3, 5, 10 or 13 after the bacterial inoculation, the rats were treated for 3 weeks with 20 mg/kg/day of ciprofloxacin. The development of arthritis was completely prevented if the antibiotic treatment was started on day 3. In a group of rats treated with ciprofloxacin from day 5 onwards, 2/14 rats already showed mild arthritis at the time when the treatment was started. Antibiotic treatment cured the arthritis of these rats as well as that of one additional individual in this group which developed arthritis. No later exacerbations occurred. If the antibiotic treatment was started on day 10 or 13, i.e. at the time of well-developed arthritis, no effect on arthritis was observed; rather, increased faecal excretion of Yersinia occurred following the antibiotic treatment. We conclude that experimental Yersinia reactive arthritis can be cured by antibiotics introduced at an early phase of arthritic development. Regarding acute human enterogenic arthritis, the decision on antibiotic treatment is not a straightforward matter. Our experimental results indicate that the earlier the treatment is started, the better the result, whereas late treatments seem to favour bacterial persistence.
N‐Carbamoyloxyurea‐resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells with elevated levels of ribonucleotide reductase activity (1981)

We describe the isolation and characterization of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line selected for resistance to N-carbamoyloxyurea. Using the mammalian cell permeabilization assay developed in our laboratory, a detailed analysis of the target enzyme, ribonucleotide reductase (EC 1.17.4.1), was carried out. Both drug-resistant and parental wild-type cells required the same optimum conditions for enzyme activity. The Ki values for N-carbamoyloxyurea inhibition of CDP reduction were 2.0 mM for NCR-30A cells and 2.3 mM for wild-type cells, while the Ki value for ADP reduction was 2.3 mM for both cell lines. Although the Ki values remained essentially unchanged, the Vmax values for NCR-30A cells were 1.01 nmoles dCDP formed/5 X 10(6) cells/hour and 1.83 nmoles dADP/5 X 10(6) cells/hour, while those for the wild-type cells were 0.49 nmoles dCDP produced/5 X 10(6) cells/hour and 1.00 nmoles dADP/5 X 10(6) cells/hour. This approximate twofold increase in reductase activity as least partially accounts for a 2.6-fold increase in D10 value for cellular resistance to N-carbamoyloxyurea exhibited by NCR-30A cells. The NCR-30A cell line was also cross-resistant to the antitumor agents, hydroxyurea and guanazole. No differences in Ki values for inhibition of CDP and ADP reduction by these two drugs were detected and cellular resistance could be entirely accounted for by the elevation in activity of the reductase in the NCR-30A cell line. The properties of N-carbamoyloxyurea-resistance cells indicate they should be useful for further investigations into the regulation of mammalian enzyme activity.
Understudied populations with hepatitis C (2002)

Managing patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection consists primarily of antiviral treatment, currently with peginterferon and ribavirin. Unfortunately, treatment recommendations derive largely from trials that have focused on highly selected patient populations. As a consequence of the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria in these studies, more than half of all HCV-infected patients would be ineligible for enrollment. Even among the selected patients enrolled into studies, only 50% achieve a sustained virological response (SVR). Patients not eligible for current therapies include those with mild disease and normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, patients with advanced and decompensated liver disease, children, the elderly, patients with ongoing or recent alcohol and substance abuse, renal disease, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, severe psychiatric or neurologic illness, autoimmune disorders, solid organ transplant, and other significant comorbid conditions. Because these patients have been excluded from most clinical trials, little is known about the safety or efficacy of therapy in these populations. The expense and side effects of therapy are also an impediment to treatment of patients who are on public assistance, in prisons, and in institutions. Clearly, new efforts and new approaches are needed to expand the eligibility for antiviral therapy of hepatitis C and make treatment more available for understudied populations with this disease.
Revealing the Potential of DNA-Based Vaccination: Lessons Learned from the Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen (2001)

DNA-based vaccination is a novel technique to efficiently stimulate humoral (antibody) and cellular (T cell) immune responses to protein antigens. In DNA-based vaccination, immunogenic proteins are expressed in in vivo transfected cells of the vaccine recipients in their native conformation with correct posttranslational modifications from antigen-encoding expression plasmid DNA. This ensures the integrity of antibody-defined epitopes and supports the generation of protective (neutralizing) antibody titers. Plasmid DNA vaccination is furthermore an exceptionally potent strategy to stimulate CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses because antigenic peptides are efficiently generated by endogenous processing of intracellular protein antigens. These key features make DNA-based immunization an attractive strategy for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination against extra- and intracellular pathogens. In this brief review, we summarize the current state of expression vector design, DNA delivery strategies, priming immune responses to intracellular or secreted antigens by DNA vaccines and unique advantages of DNA- versus recombinant protein-based vaccines using the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as a model antigen.
Rapid Salvage Treatment With Virus-Specific T Cells for Therapy-Resistant Disease (2012)

Our separation approach offers a rapid alternative for adoptive CTL therapy if primary antiviral treatment strategies fail. Because no prolonged expansion steps are needed, this method may be used for early treatment of patients suffering from life-threatening infectious complications.
Meta-analysis of the neural representation of first language and second language (2011)

ABSTRACT This study reports an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of published functional neuroimaging studies of bilingualism. Four parallel meta-analyses were conducted by taking into account the proficiency of participants reported in the studies. The results of the meta-analyses suggest differences in the probabilities of activation patterns between high proficiency and moderate/low proficiency bilinguals. The Talairach coordinates of activation in first language processing were very similar to that of second language processing in the high proficient bilinguals. However, in the low proficient group, the activation clusters were generally smaller and distributed over wider areas in both the hemispheres than the clusters identified in the ALE maps from the high proficient group. These findings draw attention to the importance of language proficiency in bilingual neural representation.
Ocular manifestations of various systemic disorders (1994)

Diode laser photoablation of the retinal periphery is an effective treatment for zone 1 or 2 threshold retinopathy of prematurity. Patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung and cancer-associated retinopathy have immunoreactivity with the 23-kD retinal cancer-associated antigen and a similar antigen is secreted by in vitro propagated cultures of small cell carcinoma of the lung. This cancer-associated autoimmune retinopathy is characterized by rapid visual loss, night blindness, color loss, and reduced electroretinograms. Angioid streaks start as narrow, short discontinuous hypopigmented streaks that enlarge and widen with the end stage being disciform macular degeneration, helicoid peripapillary atrophy, or diffuse choroidal sclerosis. In the setting of neonatal cholestasis, the findings of microcornea, posterior embryotoxon, mosaic iris stromal hypoplasia, anomalous optic discs, and regional peripapillary retinal depigmentation suggest the diagnosis of Alagille syndrome (arteriohepatic dysplasia).
Limits of Recognition for Simple Vapor Mixtures Determined with a Microsensor Array (2004)

The "limit of recognition" (LOR) has been defined as the minimum concentration at which reliable individual vapor recognition can be achieved with a multisensor array, and methodology for determining the LORs of individual vapors probabilistically on the basis of sensor array response patterns has been reported. This article explores the problems of defining and evaluating LORs for vapor mixtures in terms of the absolute and relative component vapor concentrations, where the mixture must be discriminated from those component vapors and from the subset of possible lower-order component mixtures. Monte Carlo simulations and principal components regression analyses of an extant database of calibrated responses to a set of 16 vapors from an array of 6 diverse polymer-coated surface acoustic wave sensors are used to illustrate the approach and to examine trends in LOR values among the 120 possible binary mixtures and 560 possible ternary mixtures in the data set. At concentrations exceeding the LOD, 89% of the binary mixtures could be reliably recognized (<5% error) over some composite concentration range, while only 3% of the ternary mixtures could be recognized. Most binary mixtures could be recognized only if the constituent vapor relative concentration ratio, defined in terms of multiples of the LOD for each vapor, was < or =20. Correlations with the Euclidean distance(s) separating the normalized constituent vapor response vectors allow reasonably accurate predictions of the limiting recognizable mixture composition ranges for binary and ternary cases. Results are considered in the context of using microsensor arrays for vapor detection and recognition in microanalytical systems.
Fast and "Soft-Arm" Tactics (2004)

This article considered the problem of designing joint-actuation mechanisms that can allow fast and accurate operation of a robot arm, while guaranteeing a suitably limited level of injury risk. Different approaches to the problem were presented, and a method of performance evaluation was proposed based on minimum-time optimal control with safety constraints. The variable stiffness transmission (VST) scheme was found to be one of a few different possible schemes that allows the most flexibility and potential performance. Some aspects related to the implementation of the mechanics and control of VST actuation were also reported.
Bolus Injections of Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 Cause Transient Hypocalcemia in Normal Mice* (1989)

Single daily injections of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) or interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) were given for 1-3 days to normal mice, and blood ionized calcium concentrations were measured before and at various times after each injection. Mean blood calcium levels fell significantly in both groups of animals 3 h after the first IL-1 injections and returned to pretreatment values at 5 h. However, at 24 and 48 h mean values were significantly higher than those in saline-heated controls. Despite this progressive underlying increase in mean blood ionized calcium concentrations, blood calcium concentrations also fell significantly 3 h after the second and third IL-1 injections. The transient decrease in blood calcium was prevented by treatment with indomethacin and, thus, appears to be prostaglandin mediated. Hypocalcemia was not observed after single bolus injections of tumor necrosis factor-alpha or -beta (lymphotoxin). These findings suggest that IL-1 is a potential mediator of the hypocalcemia that occurs in up to 40% of patients with bacteremic sepsis and severe tissue injury and is associated with an increased mortality rate.
IL-1β AND TNF-α IN PROSTATIC SECRETIONS ARE INDICATORS IN THE EVALUATION OF MEN WITH CHRONIC PROSTATITIS (2000)

Cytokines are frequently present and elevated in the EPS from men with CPPS IIIA and AIP and provide a novel means for identification, characterization and potential management of men with CPPS that differs from traditional methods based on WBC.
Animals in space (1988)

Animals are indispensable to the space program. Their continued use could have many significant results. Those who are opposed to using animals in space should remember that space animals are treated humanely; they are necessary because results can be obtained from them that would be unobtainable from humans; and results from animal experiments can be applied to human systems. Therefore, NASA should continue to use animals in space research.
Effect of heat‐shock proteins for relieving physiological stress and enhancing the production of penicillin acylase in Escherichia coli (2006)

High-level expression of recombinant penicillin acylase (PAC) using the strong trc promoter system in Escherichia coli is frequently limited by the processing and folding of PAC precursors (proPAC) in the periplasm, resulting in physiological stress and inclusion body formation in this compartment. Periplasmic heat-shock proteins with protease or chaperone activity potentially offer a promise for overcoming this technical hurdle. In this study, the effect of the two genes encoding periplasmic heat-shock proteins, that is degP and fkpA, on pac overexpression was investigated and manipulation of the two genes to enhance the production of recombinant PAC was demonstrated. Both DeltadegP and DeltafkpA mutants showed defective culture performance primarily due to growth arrest. However, pac expression level was not seriously affected by the mutations, indicating that the two proteins were not directly involved in the pathway for periplasmic processing of proPAC. The growth defect caused by the two mutations (i.e., DeltadegP and DeltafkpA) was complemented by either one of the wild-type proteins, implying that the function of the two proteins could partially overlap in cells overexpressing pac. The possible role that the two heat-shock proteins played for suppression of physiological stress caused by pac overexpression is discussed.
Crystal Structure of Swine Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I SLA-1*0401 and Identification of 2009 Pandemic Swine-Origin Influenza A H1N1 Virus Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitope Peptides (2011)

The presentation of viral epitopes to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by swine leukocyte antigen class I (SLA I) is crucial for swine immunity. To illustrate the structural basis of swine CTL epitope presentation, the first SLA crystal structures, SLA-1 0401, complexed with peptides derived from either 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) swine-origin influenza A virus (S-OIV(NW9); NSDTVGWSW) or Ebola virus (Ebola(AY9); ATAAATEAY) were determined in this study. The overall peptide-SLA-1 0401 structures resemble, as expected, the general conformations of other structure-solved peptide major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC). The major distinction of SLA-1 0401 is that Arg(156) has a "one-ballot veto" function in peptide binding, due to its flexible side chain. S-OIV(NW9) and Ebola(AY9) bind SLA-1 0401 with similar conformations but employ different water molecules to stabilize their binding. The side chain of P7 residues in both peptides is exposed, indicating that the epitopes are "featured" peptides presented by this SLA. Further analyses showed that SLA-1 0401 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I HLA-A 0101 can present the same peptides, but in different conformations, demonstrating cross-species epitope presentation. CTL epitope peptides derived from 2009 pandemic S-OIV were screened and evaluated by the in vitro refolding method. Three peptides were identified as potential cross-species influenza virus (IV) CTL epitopes. The binding motif of SLA-1 0401 was proposed, and thermostabilities of key peptide-SLA-1 0401 complexes were analyzed by circular dichroism spectra. Our results not only provide the structural basis of peptide presentation by SLA I but also identify some IV CTL epitope peptides. These results will benefit both vaccine development and swine organ-based xenotransplantation.
Breast cancer at bone metastatic sites: recent discoveries and treatment targets (2011)

Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer of women. Bones are often involved with breast carcinoma metastases with the resulting morbidity and reduced quality of life. Breast cancer cells arriving at bone tissues mount supportive microenvironment by recruiting and modulating the activity of several host tissue cell types including the specialized bone cells osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Pathologically activated osteoclasts produce osteolytic lesions associated with bone pain, pathological fractures, cord compression and other complications of metastatic breast carcinoma at bone. Over the last decade there has been enormous growth of knowledge in the field of osteoclasts biology both in the physiological state and in the tumor microenvironment. This knowledge allowed the development and implementation of several targeted therapeutics that expanded the armamentarium of the oncologists dealing with the metastases-associated osteolytic disease. While the interactions of cancer cells with resident bone cells at the established metastatic gross lesions are well-studied, the preclinical events that underlie the progression of disseminated tumor cells into micrometastases and then into clinically-overt macrometastases are just starting to be uncovered. In this review, we discuss the established information and the most recent discoveries in the pathogenesis of osteolytic metastases of breast cancer, as well as the corresponding investigational drugs that have been introduced into clinical development.
Asynchronous multi-sensor tracking in clutter with uncertain sensor locations using Bayesian sequential Monte Carlo methods (2002)

This paper presents the development of a tracking algorithm for multi-sensor single target tracking in the presence of asynchronous or missing measurements and high clutter levels. The algorithm is based upon the random sample representation of state PDFs and uses sequential Monte Carlo or "particle" filtering methods to perform prediction and update. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated on the challenging problem of naval subsurface target tracking using multiple drifting sonobuoys of the DIFAR type. Good performance was demonstrated on simulated scenarios with a high level of uncertainty represented by unknown sensor location, 20% missing measurements and 70% clutter.
A Comparative Trial of Orphenadrine and Tofenacin in the Control of Depression and Extrapyramidal Side-Effects Associated with Fluphenazine Decanoate Therapy (1976)

A trial involving patients receiving fluphenazine decanoate was designed to compare the effects of orphenadrine hydrochloride (Disipal) and its major metabolite, tofenacin hydrochloride (Elamol) on the Parkinsonian side-effects and depression occurring during fluphenazine decanoate therapy. The trial was a double-blind one, with crossover. It was found that both drugs exerted an adequate control on the Parkinsonian side-effects, but there was no significant difference between their effects. Ophenadrine, however, was shown to be significantly superior (p less than 0-05) in the control of the depressive side-effects.
Silicon and silicon nitride photonic circuits for spectroscopic sensing on-a-chip [Invited] (2015)

There is a rapidly growing demand to use silicon and silicon nitride (Si3N4) integrated photonics for sensing applications, ranging from refractive index to spectroscopic sensing. By making use of advanced CMOS technology, complex miniaturized circuits can be easily realized on a large scale and at a low cost covering visible to mid-IR wavelengths. In this paper we present our recent work on the development of silicon and Si3N4-based photonic integrated circuits for various spectroscopic sensing applications. We report our findings on waveguide-based absorption, and Raman and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Finally we report on-chip spectrometers and on-chip broadband light sources covering very near-IR to mid-IR wavelengths to realize fully integrated spectroscopic systems on a chip. © 2015 Chinese Laser Press.
Defective Transport of Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein in Interferon-Treated Cells: Role of Intracellular pH (1994)

We have investigated the mechanism(s) of interferon (IFN)-induced inhibition of assembly steps of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) in mouse LB cells. Data showed that physiological doses of mouse IFN-beta (10-100 IU/ml) significantly inhibited the infectivity (5- to 100-fold) of HSV-1; however, viral protein synthesis was marginally inhibited (2- to 5-fold). Immunofluorescence studies showed that most of the HSV-1gD glycoprotein accumulated intracellularly in IFN-treated LB and LMtk- cells transfected with gD cDNA, as compared to untreated controls, where most of the gD was localized on the plasma membrane. Double-immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that rhodamine-labeled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was co-localized with gD protein, suggesting the block was in the transport from the trans-Golgi to the plasma membrane. IFN treatment of LB and LMtk- cells raised the intracellular pH as measured by DAMP distribution and SNARF-1 using laser spectroscopy; this could play an important role in the inhibition of transport of HSV-1gD.