gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Studies in Nonsuture End-to-side Microvascular Anastomosis (1981)

A fast, easy anastomotic technique with a high patency rate would facilitate the development of microvascular surgery. This article describes a new nonsuture method of end-to-side microvascular anastomosis using a soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) T—shaped tube as an internal stent and plastic adhesive. Two kinds of T—shaped tubes were used: Type I tube had a short straight tube connected to a long straight tube at the midpoint and the Type II tube was a long bent tube with a short straight tube connected to it. The walls of each tube consisted of three concentric layers made of two PVA's with different solubilities. Seventy end-to-side anastomoses were performed using both common carotid arteries of rats. These consisted of three groups, I, IIA, and IIB. I and II were the types of T-tubes employed, and A had less plastic adhesive than B. Evaluations were performed 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery. The anastomotic technique was easily accomplished, taking approximately 8 minutes to complete. On the first evaluation the patency rates were more than 90% in all groups, but anastomotic aneurysms developed in I(17%) and IIA (19%). No aneurysms were observed in IIB where the anastomotic sites were reinforced by adding plastic adhesive after the blood flow was reestablished. Moreover, a high patency rate (95%) was maintained even at the second evaluation in IIB.
ABC: An Academic Industrial-Strength Verification Tool (2010)

ABC is a public-domain system for logic synthesis and formal verification of binary logic circuits appearing in synchronous hardware designs. ABC combines scalable logic transformations based on And-Inverter Graphs (AIGs), with a variety of innovative algorithms. A focus on the synergy of sequential synthesis and sequential verification leads to improvements in both domains. This paper introduces ABC, motivates its development, and illustrates its use in formal verification.
Ultra-broadband Compact Adiabatic Coupler in Silicon-on-Insulator for Joint Operation in the C- and O-Bands (2018)

An ultra-broadband, compact adiabatic coupler in silicon-on-insulator platform is presented. It has 70 μm coupling length and a splitting ratio of 3±0.8 dB over bandwidth > 160 nm measured jointly in the C- and O-bands.
Multidrug-resistance gene (P-glycoprotein) is expressed by endothelial cells at blood-brain barrier sites. (1989)

Endothelial cells of human capillary blood vessels at the blood-brain and other blood-tissue barrier sites express P-glycoprotein as detected by mouse monoclonal antibodies against the human multidrug-resistance gene product. This pattern of endothelial cell expression may indicate a physiological role for P-glycoprotein in regulating the entry of certain molecules into the central nervous system and other anatomic compartments, such as the testes. These tissues, which limit the access of systemic drugs, are known pharmacologic sanctuaries for metastatic cancer. P-glycoprotein expression in capillary endothelium of brain and testes and not other tissues (i.e., kidney and placenta) may in part explain this phenomenon and could have important implications in cancer chemotherapy.
Theoretical Comparison of Aberration-correcting Customized and Aspheric Intraocular Lenses (2007)

The use of realistic eye models that include higher order aberrations and chromatic aberrations are important when determining the impact of new IOL designs. Customized IOLs show the potential to improve visual performance.
Recombinant adeno-associated virus derived vectors (rAAV2) efficiently transduce ovarian and hepatocellular carcinoma cells--implications for cancer gene therapy. (2009)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors (rAAV) represent a most promising gene delivery vehicles for gene therapy applications because their unique properties, such as capability to infect both proliferating and non proliferating cells of broad host range, and possibilities of long-term expression and site-specific integration. rAAV are also described as vectors neither toxic nor pathogenic to the cells. rAAV vectors are also thought to be attractive for cancer gene therapy. Here, we used rAAV2 vectors encoding reporter genes, rAAV/GFP and rAAV/LacZ to transduce cancer cells. The rAAV preparations were produced by a transient triple AAV plasmid transfection of AAV-293 packaging cells and isolated/purified by iodixanol-gradient method. We report a different rAAV transduction efficiency of the two cancer cell lines cells--ovarian carcinoma (OVP 10) and hepatocellular carcinoma (C3A) cells. The expression of the reporter genes due to rAAV uptake was about two fold higher for ovarian cells than for hepatocellular cells. Our studies have also revealed the long-term expression of GFP gene in hepatocellular (C3A) rAAV/GFP transduced cells. These findings indicate that adeno-associated virus derived vectors could be very useful for cancer gene therapy applications, however, further investigations of the mechanisms of rAAV gene delivery are still needed.
One Step Ahead of the Game: Viral Immunomodulatory Molecules (1996)

For decades cell biologists have relied on viruses to facilitate the study of complex cellular function. More recently, the tragedy of the AIDS epidemic has focused considerable human and financial resources on both virology and immunology, resulting in the generation of new information relating these disciplines. As the miracle of the mammalian immune system unfolds in the laboratory, the elegance of the mechanisms used by co-evolving viruses to circumvent detection and destruction by the host becomes inescapably obvious. Although many observation of virus-induced phenomena that likely contribute to the virus's escape of immune surveillance are still empirical, many other such phenomena have now been defined at the molecular level and confirmed in in vivo models. Immune modulators encoded within viral genomes include proteins that regulate antigen presentation, function as cytokines or cytokine antagonists, inhibit apoptosis, and interrupt the complement cascade. The identification of such gene products and the elucidation of their function have substantially strengthened our understanding of specific virus-host interactions and, unexpectedly, have contributed to the recognition of potent synergy between viruses, which can result in an unpredictable exacerbation of disease in co-infected individuals. Because many viral immune modulators clearly have host counterparts, viruses provide a valuable method for studying normal immune mechanisms. It is conceivable that an improved understanding of virus-encoded immunomodulators will enhance our ability to design reagents for use in therapeutic intervention in disease and in vaccine development.
Mode of Action of Endotoxin: Role of Free Radicals and Antioxidants (2004)

The pathogenetic sequence of reactions mediated by endotoxin (LPS) leading to the production of sepsis involves the oxygen radicals or reactive oxygen species, which has been evaluated in the present review. Among reactive oxygen species hydroxyl radical either singly or in combination with peroxynitrite, produces tissue damage often observed during septic injury. Inactivation of these damaging radicals by antioxidants or nitric oxide inhibitor(s) may be helpful for protecting sepsis mediated derangements but the application of these agents as drugs in humans has not been fully successful. Transcription factor NF-kappa B is reported to be the oxygen sensor in LPS induced endotoxemia. Polyphenols, especially the catechin group of compounds, are important therapeutic agents, which may be used for the treatment of endotoxin mediated sepsis.
In vitroModel for Assessing Arrhythmogenic Properties of Drugs Based on High-resolution Impedance Measurements (2012)

All these results indicated that xCELLigence RTCA Cardio system combined with iPS cells, has the potential to be an attractive high-throughput tool for studying CMs during prolonged culture times and to screen potential drugs for cardiotoxic side effects.
Dampness in Buildings and Health (2001)

Several epidemiological investigations concerning indoor environments have indicated that "dampness" in buildings is associated to health effects such as respiratory symptoms, asthma and allergy. The aim of the present interdisciplinary review is to evaluate this association as shown in the epidemiological literature. A literature search identified 590 peer-reviewed articles of which 61 have been the foundation for this review. The review shows that "dampness" in buildings appears to increase the risk for health effects in the airways, such as cough, wheeze and asthma. Relative risks are in the range of OR 1.4-2.2. There also seems to be an association between "dampness" and other symptoms such as tiredness, headache and airways infections. It is concluded that the evidence for a causal association between "dampness" and health effects is strong. However, the mechanisms are unknown. Several definitions of dampness have been used in the studies, but all seems to be associated with health problems. Sensitisation to mites may be one but obviously not the only mechanism. Even if the mechanisms are unknown, there is sufficient evidence to take preventive measures against dampness in buildings.
Selective Growth of Metal Tips onto Semiconductor Quantum Rods and Tetrapods (2004)

We show the anisotropic selective growth of gold tips onto semiconductor (cadmium selenide) nanorods and tetrapods by a simple reaction. The size of the gold tips can be controlled by the concentration of the starting materials. The new nanostructures display modified optical properties caused by the strong coupling between the gold and semiconductor parts. The gold tips show increased conductivity as well as selective chemical affinity for forming self-assembled chains of rods. Such gold-tipped nanostructures provide natural contact points for self-assembly and for electrical devices and can solve the difficult problem of contacting colloidal nanorods and tetrapods to the external world.
Die Synthese des Sphingosins und seiner Stereoisomeren (1957)

Abstract The synthesis of erythro ‐ trans ‐1,3‐dihydroxy‐2‐amino‐4‐octadecene (VII), rac. sphingosine, and of its erythro ‐ cis , threo ‐ trans and threo ‐ cis forms, is described.
Improving the accuracy of template-based predictions by mixing and matching between initial models (2008)

This novel approach can be applied without any manual intervention to improve the quality of comparative predictions where multiple template/alignment combinations are available for modeling, producing conformational models of higher quality than the starting initial predictions.
Neutrophil activation by nascent FimH subunits of type 1 fimbriae purified from the periplasm of Escherichia coli. (1993)

Previous studies of type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli have implicated FimH, a minor subunit, as the determinant of its mannose binding property. Structure-function analysis of FimH has not been possible because of the difficulty in obtaining adequate amounts of the subunit from type 1 fimbriae. We have obtained nascent FimH that has not been incorporated into the fimbrial structure from the periplasm of an E. coli strain expressing the cloned fimH gene. Nascently translocated FimH was initially degraded in the periplasm; however, when co-expressed with FimC, a putative fimbrial chaperone, the FimH molecules were stabilized and readily isolated from the periplasmic extract by fractionation on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel followed by electroelution of the FimH band from the gel. The eluted protein was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on a mannose-Sepharose column. Purified FimH displayed the same mannose-inhibitable binding to human neutrophils as type 1 fimbriated bacteria, including triggering an oxidative burst with concomitant release of reactive oxygen metabolites. In addition, inert microspheres coated with FimH, but not those coated with bovine serum albumin, were phagocytosed by neutrophils. These data provide direct evidence that FimH is the determinant on type 1 fimbriae which is responsible for mediating mannose-specific adherence and that isolated FimH is a potent activator of human neutrophils.
Redundant regulation of meristem identity and plant architecture by FRUITFULL, APETALA1 and CAULIFLOWER (2000)

ABSTRACT The transition from vegetative to reproductive phases during Arabidopsis development is the result of a complex interaction of environmental and endogenous factors. One of the key regulators of this transition is LEAFY (LFY), whose threshold levels of activity are proposed to mediate the initiation of flowers. The closely related APETALA1 (AP1) and CAULIFLOWER (CAL) meristem identity genes are also important for flower initiation, in part because of their roles in upregulating LFY expression. We have found that mutations in the FRUITFULL (FUL) MADS-box gene, when combined with mutations in AP1 and CAL, lead to a dramatic non-flowering phenotype in which plants continuously elaborate leafy shoots in place of flowers. We demonstrate that this phenotype is caused both by the lack of LFY upregulation and by the ectopic expression of the TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) gene. Our results suggest that the FUL, AP1 and CAL genes act redundantly to control inflorescence architecture by affecting the domains of LFY and TFL1 expression as well as the relative levels of their activities.
Lightweight Resource Scaling for Cloud Applications (2012)

Elastic resource provisioning is a key feature of cloud computing, allowing users to scale up or down resource allocation for their applications at run-time. To date, most practical approaches to managing elasticity are based on allocation/de-allocation of the virtual machine (VM) instances to the application. This VM-level elasticity typically incurs both considerable overhead and extra costs, especially for applications with rapidly fluctuating demands. In this paper, we propose a lightweight approach to enable cost-effective elasticity for cloud applications. Our approach operates fine-grained scaling at the resource level itself (CPUs, memory, I/O, etc) in addition to VM-level scaling. We also present the design and implementation of an intelligent platform for light-weight resource management of cloud applications. We describe our algorithms for light-weight scaling and VM-level scaling and show their interaction. We then use an industry standard benchmark to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach and compare its performance against traditional approaches.
Whole-program optimization for time and space efficient threads (1996)

Modern languages and operating systems often encourage programmers to use threads, or independent control streams, to mask the overhead of some operations and simplify program structure. Multitasking operating systems use threads to mask communication latency, either with hardwares devices or users. Client-server applications typically use threads to simplify the complex control-flow that arises when multiple clients are used. Recently, the scientific computing community has started using threads to mask network communication latency in massively parallel architectures, allowing computation and communication to be overlapped. Lastly, some architectures implement threads in hardware, using those threads to tolerate memory latency.In general, it would be desirable if threaded programs could be written to expose the largest degree of parallelism possible, or to simplify the program design. However, threads incur time and space overheads, and programmers often compromise simple designs for performance. In this paper, we show how to reduce time and space thread overhead using control flow and register liveness information inferred after compilation. Our techniques work on binaries, are not specific to a particular compiler or thread library and reduce the the overall execution time of fine-grain threaded programs by &asymp; 15-30%. We use execution-driven analysis and an instrumented operating system to show why the execution time is reduced and to indicate areas for future work.
Spin transfer by nonuniform current injection into a nanomagnet (2006)

We have used nanofabrication techniques to incorporate an ∼20–30nm diameter nanoaperture within a 150×250nm2 elliptical magnetic multilayer to enable the localized injection of spin-polarized currents into a thin film nanomagnet. This results in very low spin transfer currents being required for at least partial nanomagnet reversal as well as for onset of dynamic precession. Micromagnetic simulations using Landau-Liftshitz-Gilbert equation with a spin-torque term indicate that reversal occurs via domain nucleation at the injection site followed by domain wall propagation away from the aperture, with the nanomagnet ending in one of several different states depending upon the current amplitude.
Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Ferric Carboxy Maltose in Iron Deficiency Anaemia During Postpartum Period (2018)

Intravenous Ferric Carboxy Maltose was an effective and a safe treatment option for iron deficiency anaemia and has an advantage of single administration of high doses without serious adverse effects.
Immortalization of CD4+and CD8+T Lymphocytes by Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Mutants Expressed in a Functional Molecular Clone (1999)

The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) transcriptional trans-activator Tax has been demonstrated to have transforming activity in multiple cell culture and transgenic-mouse models. In addition to activating transcription from the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) through the cyclic AMP response element binding protein/activating transcription factor (CREB/ATF) family of transcription factors, Tax activates the expression of multiple cellular promoters through the NF-kappaB pathway of transcriptional activation. The Tax mutants M22 and M47 have previously been demonstrated to selectively abrogate the ability of Tax to activate transcription through the NF-kappaB or CREB/ATF pathway, respectively. These mutations were introduced in the tax gene of the ACH functional molecular clone of HTLV-1, and virus produced from the mutant ACH clones was examined for the ability to replicate and immortalize primary human lymphocytes. While virus derived from the clone containing the M47 mutation retained the ability to immortalize T lymphocytes, the M22 mutant lost the ability to immortalize infected cells. These results indicate that activation of the CREB/ATF pathway by Tax is dispensable for the immortalization of T cells by HTLV-1, whereas activation of the NF-kappaB pathway may be critical.
Cancer Therapies Use a Little Help From Microbial Friends (2013)

Two teams have shown that it takes gut microbes to make three anticancer therapies most effective.
Shared heritability of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder (2010)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are both highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders. Evidence indicates both disorders co-occur with a high frequency, in 20-50% of children with ADHD meeting criteria for ASD and in 30-80% of ASD children meeting criteria for ADHD. This review will provide an overview on all available studies [family based, twin, candidate gene, linkage, and genome wide association (GWA) studies] shedding light on the role of shared genetic underpinnings of ADHD and ASD. It is concluded that family and twin studies do provide support for the hypothesis that ADHD and ASD originate from partly similar familial/genetic factors. Only a few candidate gene studies, linkage studies and GWA studies have specifically addressed this co-occurrence, pinpointing to some promising pleiotropic genes, loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but the research field is in urgent need for better designed and powered studies to tackle this complex issue. We propose that future studies examining shared familial etiological factors for ADHD and ASD use a family-based design in which the same phenotypic (ADHD and ASD), candidate endophenotypic, and environmental measurements are obtained from all family members. Multivariate multi-level models are probably best suited for the statistical analysis.
Direct electrical quantification of glucose and asparagine from bodily fluids using nanopores (2018)

Crucial steps in the miniaturisation of biosensors are the conversion of a biological signal into an electrical current as well as the direct sampling of bodily fluids. Here we show that protein sensors in combination with a nanopore, acting as an electrical transducer, can accurately quantify metabolites in real time directly from nanoliter amounts of blood and other bodily fluids. Incorporation of the nanopore into portable electronic devices will allow developing sensitive, continuous, and non-invasive sensors for metabolites for point-of-care and home diagnostics.
Cutting Edge: Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Concentration at the APC Side of the Immunological Synapse Is Required for Effector T Cell Function (2009)

Little is known about the signaling that occurs in an APC during contact with a T cell. In this article we report the concentration of the signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P(2)) at the APC side of the immunological synapse. In both human and mouse cells, a PI(4,5)P(2)-specific fluorescent reporter, PH-GFP (where PH is pleckstrin homology), detected an Ag-dependent enrichment of PI(4,5)P(2) at the synapse between Ag-specific T cells and APC. When PIP(4,5)P(2) was sequestered by a high concentration of PH-GFP reporter, cells were less susceptible to CTL-mediated lysis than control cells. These findings suggest a new regulatory target for modulating immune function that may be exploited for immune escape by pathogens and tumors.
193 nm excimer laser sclerostomy in pseudophakic patients with advanced open angle glaucoma. (1994)

A modified open mask system incorporating an en face air jet to dry the target area during ablation and a conjunctival plication mechanism, which allows ab externo delivery of the 193 nm excimer laser without prior conjunctival dissection, has been developed to form small bore sclerostomies accurately and atraumatically. Full thickness sclerostomies, and sclerostomies guarded by a smaller internal ostium can be created. A pilot therapeutic trial was conducted in pseudophakic patients with advanced open angle glaucoma. Six full thickness sclerostomies (200 microns and 400 microns diameter) and three guarded sclerostomies were created in nine patients by 193 nm excimer laser ablation (fluence per pulse 400 mJ/cm2, pulse rate 16 Hz, air jet pressure intraocular pressure +25 mm Hg). After 6 months' follow up, intraocular pressure was controlled (< or = 16 mm Hg) in eight of the nine patients (6/9 without medication). Early postoperative complications included hyphaema (trace--2.5 mm) (6/9), temporary fibrinous sclerostomy occlusion (4/9), profound early hypotony (all patients without fibrinous occlusion), and suprachoroidal haemorrhage in one case. Conjunctival laser wounds were self sealing. Small bore laser sclerostomy procedures are functionally equivalent to conventional full thickness procedures, producing early postoperative hypotony, with an increased risk of suprachoroidal haemorrhage in association with this. Further research is required to improve control over internal guarding in excimer laser sclerostomy before clinical trials of this technique can safely proceed.