gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microsomal Antigen-Reactive Lymphocyte Lines and Clones Derived From Thyroid Tissue of Patients With Gravesr' Disease* (1988)

Thyroid mononuclear cells (TMC) were maintained in long term cocultures with thyroid fibroblasts and thyroid epithelial cells from patients with Graves' disease, using medium supplemented with thyroid microsomal antigen (McAg) and IL-2. The TMC consisted predominantly of T4+ (CD4+, helper) and, to a lesser extent, T8+ (CD8+, cytotoxic/suppressor) lymphocytes, with a small number of macrophages and natural killer cells. The average T4+ to T8+ ratio was 3.2. From these cultures we obtained thyroid T cell lines and clones reactive to thyroid antigens. T Cell lines were tested in a microproliferation assay using thyroglobulin (Tg), McAg, tetanus toxoid, and IL-2. Of 14 lines from 6 patients, 2 proliferated in response to McAg when TMC plus thyroid fibroblasts were used as antigen-presenting cells. Clones of thyroid lymphocytes were obtained by culturing cells at limiting dilution with IL-2, McAg, and different types of autologous accessory cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells plus skin fibroblasts provided the best source of accessory cells, allowing near 100% cloning efficiency. Of 26 clones tested, 6 recognized McAg, 2 were Tg reactive, and 3 were autoreactive. All phenotyped clones were of the T4+ phenotype. Our method results in production of thyroid T cell lines and clones. The fibroblasts probably provided growth factors and/or collaborated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells as antigen-presenting cells. These lines and clones from patients with Graves' disease were predominantly helper T cells, in contrast to the previously demonstrated cytotoxic/suppressor cell predominance in cells from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This difference in cell function may help explain the differing clinical courses of these two closely related autoimmune thyroid diseases. The availability of long term microsomal antigen-specific T cell clones should allow careful analysis of the role these cells play in thyroid autoimmunity.
Probabilistic Estimation of Whole Body Contacts for Multi-Contact Robot Control (2007)

Today most robots interact with the surroundings only with their end-effectors. However there are many benefits to utilizing contact along the entire length of robot body and links especially for human-like robots. Existing control strategies for link contact require knowledge of the contact point. In an uncertain environment, locating link contact point is difficult for most robots as they do not possess skin capable of sensing. We propose a probabilistic approach to link contact estimation based on geometric considerations and compliant motions. Since for many robots, link geometry is also uncertain, we broaden our approach to simultaneously estimate link shape and environment contact. Our experimental results demonstrate that efficiency of control is significantly improved by link contact estimation
Serum Lipid Effects of a High–Monounsaturated Fat Diet Based on Macadamia Nuts (2000)

The macadamia nut-based diet high in monounsaturated fat and the moderately low-fat diet both had potentially beneficial effects on cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when compared with a typical American diet.
Hepcidin Regulates Cellular Iron Efflux by Binding to Ferroportin and Inducing Its Internalization (2004)

Hepcidin is a peptide hormone secreted by the liver in response to iron loading and inflammation. Decreased hepcidin leads to tissue iron overload, whereas hepcidin overproduction leads to hypoferremia and the anemia of inflammation. Ferroportin is an iron exporter present on the surface of absorptive enterocytes, macrophages, hepatocytes, and placental cells. Here we report that hepcidin bound to ferroportin in tissue culture cells. After binding, ferroportin was internalized and degraded, leading to decreased export of cellular iron. The posttranslational regulation of ferroportin by hepcidin may thus complete a homeostatic loop: Iron regulates the secretion of hepcidin, which in turn controls the concentration of ferroportin on the cell surface.
Sirolimus-Eluting versus Bare Stents after Suboptimal Infrapopliteal Angioplasty for Critical Limb Ischemia: Enduring 1-Year Angiographic and Clinical Benefit (2007)

The application of sirolimus-eluting stents reduces the restenosis rate in the infrapopliteal arteries and the rate of repeat endovascular procedures the first year after treatment.
Analysing Design Protocols: Development of Methods and Tools (2011)

Abstract: This paper presents the development of methods and tools to analyse design protocols so that the results of different researchers studying different designers under different conditions can be compared. The foundation is an ontologically-based coding scheme utilizing the Function-Behaviour-Structure (FBS) ontology. This produces segmented and coded protocols showing design issues and processes independent of the design task or situation. Protocol measurements include tabular statistics, dynamic modeling of issues and processes, Markov models, first passage models and entropy models. These measurements are embodied in a computational tool. Examples of the use of the tool are presented.
72. The halogenation of methyl pyrrole-2-carboxylate and of some related pyrroles (1965)

P. Hodge and R. W. Rickards, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 459 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650000459
Life events and the course of bipolar disorder (1990)

The authors examined the impact of life stress on the course of bipolar disorder over a 2-year period in a group of 61 outpatients. The patients were followed prospectively with ongoing assessments of stressful life events, symptoms, levels of maintenance medication, and compliance with treatment regimens. As predicted, survival analyses indicated a significant association between life events and relapse or recurrence of the disorder. These effects could not be explained by differences in levels of medication or compliance. Further research is recommended to examine which specific subgroups of bipolar patients are most susceptible to stress.
Polybenzoxazine-Based Membrane with Enhanced Oxygen permeability inducing Fluoro containing Benzoxazine Monomer as an Electrode Additive and Binder for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells (2007)

Abstract not Available.
Factors affecting a cyanogen bromide-based assay of thiamin. (1989)

We analyzed extensively a modified thiochrome method for thiamin analysis. Acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) from potato was superior to either alpha-amylase or acid phosphatase from wheat germ as a dephosphorylating agent. Timing of cyanogen bromide exposure was important, but the assay had good precision and accuracy. The standard curve was linear from 10 to 3000 nmol/L. The within-run and between-run coefficients of variation for total thiamin in whole blood were 3.6% and 7.4%, respectively. Analytical recoveries for low, intermediate, and high additions of thiamin to whole blood were 93-109%. Sample yield was increased by 41% (+/- 29% SD) with pre-assay freezing. Samples were stable for two days at room temperature, for seven days when refrigerated, and for two years when frozen. Previously unreported interference was seen with penicillin derivatives, and with several commonly used diuretic and antiepileptic medications. This assay may be suitable for population screening; 200 samples could be analyzed weekly at a cost of +0.20 per sample.
Bio-inspired superhydrophilic coatings with high anti-adhesion against mineral scales (2018)

The unexpected adhesion of certain inorganic minerals on solid surfaces is constantly a source of severe problems in daily life and industrial production, including scales in water pipes. Inspired by the nanostructured inner surface of normal renal tubules, we design a superhydrophilic nanohair coating composed of a poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogel, which shows high anti-adhesion against mineral scales under flow conditions. Even at a high temperature of 80° C, the nanohair hydrogel coatings still show excellent anti-scaling performance compared to a flat hydrogel coating and a commercial water pipe with a polyvinylchloride (PVC) surface. The anti-scaling experiments and theory simulation reveal the crucial role of superhydrophilicity and fluid-assisted motion of the nanohairs in the anti-adhesion property. This study may provide promising insight into the design of high anti-adhesion coatings for resisting mineral scale attachment in water management systems. Mineral microcrystals that form inside water pipes and cooling towers can now be repelled using hydrogels with bio-inspired shapes. To prevent buildup of calcium-based kidney stones, the human kidney has renal tubules with thin, hair-like morphologies. Jingxin Meng and Shutao Wang from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and colleagues report that the polymer poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) can be formed into similar ‘nanohairs’ by using a combination of photopolymerization and template-assisted growth. Microscopy measurements revealed that when the new coating was exposed to a flow of mineral-saturated water, its strong affinity for aqueous molecules prevented scaling — up to 93% fewer crystals were observed on the nanohair surface compared to a flat hydrogel. These effects could be enhanced by increasing in the nanohair length. The superhydrophilic nature of the material proved resilient to temperatures as high as 80 degrees Celsius. Inspired by the anti-stone phenomenon of normal renal tubule, we report that superhydrophilic nanohair hydrogel coating shows high anti-adhesion against mineral scales under flowing conditions. The experiment and theory simulation reveal the crucial role of superhydrophilicity and fluid-assisted motion of nanohair in the anti-scale property. Even at a high temperature of 80 °C, it still shows high anti-scale performance, which is much better than the flat hydrogel coating and commercial water pipe with polyvinylchloride surface. This study may provide a promising clue to design high anti-adhesion coatings for resisting mineral scales attachment in water management systems.
RNA-primed PCR. (1995)

We show that RNA can serve as a primer in PCR. Use of rTth DNA polymerase is essential because it has strong reverse transcriptase activity. RNA primers can be obtained by in vitro transcription and are less costly than DNA primers, which are chemically synthesized. RNA-primed PCR also opens the possibility that a specific amplification reaction can be achieved in the absence of knowledge of the target nucleotide sequence.
Phase transitions and size scaling of membrane-less organelles (2013)

The coordinated growth of cells and their organelles is a fundamental and poorly understood problem, with implications for processes ranging from embryonic development to oncogenesis. Recent experiments have shed light on the cell size-dependent assembly of membrane-less cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic structures, including ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules and other intracellular bodies. Many of these structures behave as condensed liquid-like phases of the cytoplasm/nucleoplasm. The phase transitions that appear to govern their assembly exhibit an intrinsic dependence on cell size, and may explain the size scaling reported for a number of structures. This size scaling could, in turn, play a role in cell growth and size control.
Regulation by proteolysis: energy-dependent proteases and their targets (1992)

A number of critical regulatory proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are subject to rapid, energy-dependent proteolysis. Rapid degradation combined with control over biosynthesis provides a mechanism by which the availability of a protein can be limited both temporally and spatially. Highly unstable regulatory proteins are involved in numerous biological functions, particularly at the commitment steps in developmental pathways and in emergency responses. The proteases involved in energy-dependent proteolysis are large proteins with the ability to use ATP to scan for appropriate targets and degrade complete proteins in a processive manner. These cytoplasmic proteases are also able to degrade many abnormal proteins in the cell.
Think graphic (1989)

With the increasing power and availability of personal computers, it is not very surprising that scientists and engineers would like to use their own PC to manipulate and plot data, and to produce hardcopy of publishable quality for technical reports. High resolution graphics cards and monitors can now give excellent colour and clarity, whilst enhanced resolution on output devices such as laser printers, together with lower prices, have put the technology within reach of even limited budgets. Being PC-based, the graph can be edited and updated constantly, whilst hardcopies can be run off at any time. This gives the user the freedom to produce exactly the graph he wants.
Implementation of an Advanced Multi-Lateral System With Coiled Tubing Accessibility (1997)

Abstract This paper describes the design requirements for the development, and the field experiences gained in the successful installation of the world's first through tubing, selective lateral access system installed by an operator in Rotterdam Field, in The Netherlands. The project goals included the development, testing and field deployment of completion equipment which would:permit selective coiled tubing access into any of several lined laterals of a well bore, for reservoir management, maintenance, and stimulation, andspecifically allow the installation of flow control devices within the lateral. The lateral access system (or "access sleeve") was specifically designed and test-verified to positively orient and latch within newly developed "pre-milled" casing window technology. Well RTD-14 was drilled and the main bore cased, using an oriented, "pre-milled" casing window in the 7" liner. A drilling whipstock was oriented to the "pre-milled" window, and secured into the orienting latch coupling. A 4-3/4" lateral was drilled from the casing window, and lined with 3-1/2", and mechanically tied-back to the main bore via the casing window system's tie-back hanger. The whipstock was retrieved and the access sleeve was oriented, latched and isolated above and below utilizing the same casing window system's integral orienting latch coupling and integral seal bore subs. Using coiled tubing (CT) and running through drill pipe to prevent excessive buckling, a re-entry whipstock device was inserted into the access sleeve. A plug was then run on CT across the whipstock, out the access sleeve, and into the lateral liner without resistance. The plug was set within a landing nipple of the lined lateral. The plug and whipstock were then retrieved using CT. The access sleeve was temporarily retrieved from the casing window system in order to perforate the lower zone with tubing conveyed guns. After perforating, the access sleeve was successfully reinstalled, properly oriented and secured into the casing window latch coupling. Finally, 3-1/2" completion tubing, and the upper wellhead were installed. Problems occurred during installation of this first combined "pre-milled" casing window plus access sleeve system. The problems were successfully dealt with to fully meet the project objectives. Equipment design modifications were identified for improvements to the installation and operation of the combined systems. Many applications of multi-branched wellbores are expected to require total lateral access for conducting routine maintenance, production monitoring, stimulation, and flow control or flow regulation. Reliable through tubing access becomes another tool for cost effective reservoir management for the operator. This new technology will provide flexibility in the future design and operation of complex drainage architecture wellbores. Cost effective intervention in complex drainage architecture wells are a reality, provided as a result of the development of new technologies. Contributions are specifically a result of three key technical innovations. P. 869^
Wildfire prevention through prophylactic treatment of high-risk landscapes using viscoelastic retardant fluids (2019)

Polyphosphate fire retardants are a critical tactical resource for fighting fires in the wildland and in the wildland-urban interface. Yet, application of these retardants is limited to emergency suppression strategies because current formulations cannot retain fire retardants on target vegetation for extended periods of time through environmental exposure and weathering. New retardant formulations with persistent retention to target vegetation throughout the peak fire season would enable methodical, prophylactic treatment strategies of landscapes at high risk of wildfires through prolonged prevention of ignition and continual impediment to active flaming fronts. Here we develop a sprayable, environmentally benign viscoelastic fluid comprising biopolymers and colloidal silica to enhance adherence and retention of polyphosphate retardants on common wildfire-prone vegetation. These viscoelastic fluids exhibit appropriate wetting and rheological responses to enable robust retardant adherence to vegetation following spray application. Further, laboratory and pilot-scale burn studies establish that these materials drastically reduce ignition probability before and after simulated weathering events. Overall, these studies demonstrate how these materials actualize opportunities to shift the approach of retardant-based wildfire management from reactive suppression to proactive prevention at the source of ignitions.
Hydrogen peroxide and .beta.-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide sensing amperometric electrodes based on electrical connection of horseradish peroxidase redox centers to electrodes through a three-dimensional electron relaying polymer network (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen peroxide and .beta.-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide sensing amperometric electrodes based on electrical connection of horseradish peroxidase redox centers to electrodes through a three-dimensional electron relaying polymer networkMark. Vreeke, Ruben. Maidan, and Adam. HellerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 24, 3084–3090Publication Date (Print):December 15, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00048a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00048a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views810Altmetric-Citations187LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenicE. coliadherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression (1999)

Probiotic agents, live microorganisms with beneficial effects for the host, may offer an alternative to conventional antimicrobials in the treatment and prevention of enteric infections. The probiotic agents Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG quantitatively inhibited the adherence of an attaching and effacing pathogenic Escherichia coli to HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells but did not inhibit adherence to nonintestinal HEp-2 cells. HT-29 cells were grown under conditions that induced high levels of either MUC2 or MUC3 mRNA, but HEp-2 cells expressed only minimal levels of MUC2 and no MUC3 mRNA. Media enriched for MUC2 and MUC3 mucin were added exogenously to binding assays and were shown to be capable of inhibiting enteropathogen adherence to HEp-2 cells. Incubation of L. plantarum 299v with HT-29 cells increased MUC2 and MUC3 mRNA expression levels. From these in vitro studies, we propose the hypothesis that the ability of probiotic agents to inhibit adherence of attaching and effacing organisms to intestinal epithelial cells is mediated through their ability to increase expression of MUC2 and MUC3 intestinal mucins.
Movements of Cochlear Implant Electrodes Inside the Cochlea during Insertion: An X-ray Microscopy Study (2002)

To our knowledge, this is the first noninvasive study demonstrating continuous visualization with high-resolution and x-ray magnification of CI electrode advancement inside the intact cochlea. Our technique can be used for the development of CI electrodes with optimal design characteristics, especially stiffness. Visualization of the basilar membrane will influence the insertion techniques when CIs are developed for patients with residual hearing.
Antibiotic pressure can induce the viable but non-culturable state in Staphylococcus aureus growing in biofilms (2013)

Our findings demonstrate that S. aureus can enter the VBNC state in infectious biofilms. The presence of vancomycin or quinupristin/dalfopristin can inadvertently induce a true VBNC state or its persistence in S. aureus cells embedded in biofilms, supporting previous findings on the role of staphylococcal biofilms in recurrent infections.
Fine specificity of natural killer T cells against GD3 ganglioside and identification of GM3 as an inhibitory natural killer T‐cell ligand (2007)

GD3, a ganglioside expressed on melanoma, is the only tumour-associated glycolipid described to date that can induce a CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT)-cell response. We analysed the fine specificity of GD3-reactive NKT cells and discovered that immunization with GD3 induced two populations of GD3-reactive NKT cells. One population was CD4+ CD8- and was specific for GD3; the other population was CD4- CD8- and cross-reacted with GM3 in a CD1d-restricted manner, but did not cross-react with GM2, GD2, or lactosylceramide. This indicated that the T-cell receptors reacting with GD3 recognize glucose-galactose linked to at least one N-acetyl-neuraminic acid but will not accommodate a terminal N-acetylgalactosamine. Immunization with GM2, GM3, GD2, or lactosylceramide did not induce an NKT-cell response. Coimmunization of GM3-loaded antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with GD3-loaded APCs suppressed the NKT-cell response to GD3 in a CD1d-restricted manner. This suppressive effect was specific for GM3 and was a local effect lasting 2-4 days. In vitro, GM3-loaded APCs also suppressed the interleukin-4 response, but not the interferon-gamma response, of NKT cells to alpha-galactosylceramide. However, there was no effect on the T helper type 2 responses of conventional T cells. We found that this suppression was not mediated by soluble factors. We hypothesize that GM3 induces changes to the APC that lead to suppression of T helper type 2-like NKT-cell responses.
Nucleotide sequence and transcription analysis of a linear DNA plasmid associated with the killer character of the yeastKhuyveromyces lactis (1984)

In killer strains of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, production of a protein toxin which inhibits the growth of sensitive yeast cells is associated with the presence of two linear DNA plasmids, k1 and k2. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the smaller plasmid k1 (8.9kb) which is thought to carry the structural gene(s) encoding the toxin. The plasmid has a low G + C content (26.8%) and contains four long open reading frames which account for over 95% of the total sequence. The longest open reading frame (1146 amino acids) probably corresponds to a structural gene for the killer toxin. Transcripts from three of the putative genes have been detected in K.lactis by Northern hybridisation.