gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the interchannel interference in digital communication systems, its impulsive nature, and its mitigation (2011)

A strong digital communication transmitter located in close physical proximity to a receiver of a weak signal can noticeably interfere with the latter even when the respective channels are tens or hundreds of megahertz apart. When time domain observations are made in the signal chain of the receiver between the first mixer and the baseband, this interference is likely to appear impulsive. Understanding the mechanism of this interference is important for its effective mitigation. In this article, we show that impulsiveness, or a high degree of peakedness, of interchannel interference in communication systems results from the non-smooth nature of any physically realizable modulation scheme for transmission of a digital (discontinuous) message. Even modulation schemes designed to be 'smooth', e.g., continuous-phase modulation, are, in fact, not smooth because their higher order time derivatives still contain discontinuities. When observed by an out-of-band receiver, the transmissions from these discontinuities may appear as strong transients with the peak power noticeably exceeding the average power, and the received signal will have a high degree of peakedness. This impulsive nature of the interference provides an opportunity to reduce its power by nonlinear filtering, thus improving quality of the receiver channel.
Progress in the smart pixel technologies (1996)

The purpose of this paper is to review the recent progress in the developing smart pixel technologies. The paper begins by reviewing some of the rapidly evolving smart pixel terminologies. It then describes several of the smart pixel technologies that have recently emerged. Finally, it outlines the performance of these technologies in both device complexity and aggregate capacity. The reviewed SPA technologies include both the modulator-based FET-SEED, hybrid CMOS-SEED, and LCOS smart pixels and the source-based hybrid VCSEL/MSM, ELO, flip-chip-bonded VCSEL/MSM, and monolithic MSM/MESFET/VCSEL smart pixels.
A Re-design Technique for Datapath Modules in Error Tolerant Applications (2008)

Scaling CMOS into nano-scale is decreasing yields. The concept of error tolerance has been proposed to reverse this trend by developing new test techniques for chips used in many applications, such as audio, video, graphics, games, and error-correcting codes for wireless communication. In such chips, manufacturing defects that induce errors with severities within specified thresholds (determined via analysis of applications) are deemed acceptable. In this paper, we develop an approach to re-design datapath modules to exploit acceptable errors to improve yield. Under the manufacturing yield model (Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> = Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">para</sub> * Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">func</sub> ), parametric yield (Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">para</sub> ) improvement due to decrease in delay is more important than functional yield (Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">func</sub> ) improvement due to decrease in area. So our re-designing technique mainly focuses on reducing delay of datapath modules to improve parametric yield. In particular, we propose multiple approaches and apply them to improve yield of a wide range of adder architectures by exploiting error tolerance in these applications. Experiment results show that even for small thresholds on error severity, we can obtain significant improvements in manufacturing yield.
Evidence for a Long-Lived 13-cis-Containing Intermediate in the Photocycle of the Leu 93 → Ala Bacteriorhodopsin Mutant (1997)

Previous studies have shown that replacement of Leu 93 by amino acids such as Ala or Thr dramatically slows the rate of completion of the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle through the formation of a long-lived intermediate assigned to the O intermediate on the basis of its red-shifted absorption spectrum. Spectroscopic and biochemical studies have implicated this kinetic defect with a slowing of the reisomerization of retinal from the 13-cis to the initial all-trans state in the Leu 93 mutants. These results have suggested that the van der Waals interaction of Leu 93 with retinal is essential for the rapid thermal reisomerization of retinal in the photocycle. Here, this hypothesis is independently tested by carrying out time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopic studies of the long-lived intermediate in the photocycle of the Leu 93 → Ala mutant. Raman difference spectra obtained with a 631 nm probe show a single band in the fingerprint region at 1192 cm-1, confirming the previous observation of a 13-cis configuration for retinal during the lifetime of the long-lived intermediate. We conclude that a 13-cis-containing intermediate is accumulated in the late stages of the photocycle of the Leu 93 → Ala mutant, supporting our hypothesis that the interaction of Leu 93 with retinal is critical for the rapid thermal reisomerization of retinal in the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle.
Site-selective hydrolysis of tRNA by lanthanide metal complexes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSite-selective hydrolysis of tRNA by lanthanide metal complexesNobuhiro Hayashi, Naoya Takeda, Tetsuro Shiiba, Morio Yashiro, Kimitsuna Watanabe, and Makoto KomiyamaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 26, 5899–5900Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00078a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00078a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tumor cell‐specific inhibition of MYC function using small molecule inhibitors of the HUWE 1 ubiquitin ligase (2014)

Deregulated expression of MYC is a driver of colorectal carcinogenesis, necessitating novel strategies to inhibit MYC function. The ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 (HECTH9, ARF-BP1, MULE) associates with both MYC and the MYC-associated protein MIZ1. We show here that HUWE1 is required for growth of colorectal cancer cells in culture and in orthotopic xenograft models. Using high-throughput screening, we identify small molecule inhibitors of HUWE1, which inhibit MYC-dependent transactivation in colorectal cancer cells, but not in stem and normal colon epithelial cells. Inhibition of HUWE1 stabilizes MIZ1. MIZ1 globally accumulates on MYC target genes and contributes to repression of MYC-activated target genes upon HUWE1 inhibition. Our data show that transcriptional activation by MYC in colon cancer cells requires the continuous degradation of MIZ1 and identify a novel principle that allows for inhibition of MYC function in tumor cells.
Jet Noise Characteristics of Chevrons in Internally Mixed Nozzles (2005)

We experimentally study the jet noise characteristics of chevrons in long duct mixed-flow nozzles of turbofan engines with high bypass ratios. Chevrons, which are special triangular serrations of the nozzle lip, have been successfully used for thrust-efficient jet noise reduction in separate flow nozzles, but in internally mixed nozzles the traditional choice has been lobe mixers. Chevrons, however, offer certain advantages over lobe mixers, such as, lower blockage area ratio, gentler mixing, lighter and easier to manufacture. Two types of chevrons are studied parametrically: (i) chevrons, used in lieu of lobe mixers inside the mixing duct, and (ii) chevrons used on the mixed nozzle lip in combination with internal chevrons or lobe mixers. Scale-model results show that when compared at same thrust level, (a) internal chevrons by themselves, indeed, can reduce jet noise, comparable to that by lobe mixers, without the attendant high-frequency lift, (b) external chevrons also reduce noise in conjunction with a simple internal splitter, but not necessarily so when used with a lobe mixer. Finally, appropriate combinations of internal and external chevrons can reduce noise even lower than advanced lobe mixers for low to medium nozzle pressure ratios typical at take-off. However, at cruise conditions, chevrons have lower thrust coefficients but much higher discharge coefficients than lobe mixers as expected. The totality of these characteristics makes chevrons potential contenders as efficient jet noise reduction devices in internally mixed nozzles, instead of lobe mixers.
Intracellular coexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor, Her-2/neu, and p21ras in human breast cancers: evidence for the existence of distinctive patterns of genetic evolution that are common to tumors from different patients. (1998)

Multiparameter flow cytometry studies were performed on cells from the primary tumors of 94 patients with breast cancer. Correlated cellular measurements of cell DNA content, Her-2/neu, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and p21ras levels were performed on each of 5,000 to 100,000 cells from each tumor. When criteria for positivity were matched with those in common use for immunohistochemical studies, 28 of 94 (30%) breast cancers were classified as positive for Her-2/neu overexpression. When similar criteria were applied to the EGFR measurements, 23 of 94 (24%) cases were classified as positive for EGFR overexpression. Similarly, 23 of 94 (24%) cases were classified as positive for p21ras overexpression. By conventional flow cytometric criteria for DNA ploidy, 24 cases were diploid, 28 were tetraploid, and 42 were aneuploid. When the measurements were treated as separate sets of data, the only statistically significant correlations noted were the high frequency of diploid tumors, which did not overexpress any of the three oncogenes studied (P < 0.05), and an association between Her-2/neu overexpression and aneuploidy (P < 0.03). When the data were treated as correlated intracellular measurements, 90 of the 94 tumors studied contained a population of cells in which the intracellular levels of Her-2/neu expression were directly correlated with the levels of EGFR expression in the same cells. The ratio of Her-2/neu molecules to EGFR molecules in the same cells exceeded 1 in the majority of tetraploid and aneuploid cases and was close to or less than 1 in the majority of diploid cases. In nearly all tumors, p21ras overexpression was observed only in cells that overexpressed Her-2/neu, EGFR, or both, and p21ras levels per cell were more closely correlated with levels of EGFR per cell in the same cells than with Her-2/neu levels per cell. The data are consistent with a model in which heterodimerization of Her-2/neu and EGFR in individual cells is achieved by one of several genetic evolutionary pathways, all of which commonly lead to p21ras overexpression. The two major genetic evolutionary pathways identified in this study are an aneuploid, Her-2/neu overexpression-driven pathway seen in 59 of 94 tumors, and a diploid, EGFR overexpression-driven pathway seen in 19 of 94 tumors. All tumors with Her-2/neu:EGFR ratios greater than 2 contained an infiltrating ductal carcinoma component, whereas all infiltrating pure lobular carcinomas had Her-2/ neu:EGFR ratios that were less than 2. All of the genetic evolutionary pathways identified in this study were represented among the 11 tumors from patients who experienced early tumor recurrences.
Aurora/Ipl1p-related kinases, a new oncogenic family of mitotic serine-threonine kinases (1999)

During the past five years, a growing number of serine-threonine kinases highly homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ipl1p kinase have been isolated in various organisms. A Drosophila melanogaster homologue, aurora, was the first to be isolated from a multicellular organism. Since then, several related kinases have been found in mammalian cells. They localise to the mitotic apparatus: in the centrosome, at the poles of the bipolar spindle or in the midbody. The kinases are necessary for completion of mitotic events such as centrosome separation, bipolar spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. Extensive research is now focusing on these proteins because the three human homologues are overexpressed in various primary cancers. Furthermore, overexpression of one of these kinases transforms cells. Because of the myriad of kinases identified, we suggest a generic name: Aurora/Ipl1p-related kinase (AIRK). We denote AIRKs with a species prefix and a number, e.g. HsAIRK1.
Synthesis of sinefungin and its C-6' epimer (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of sinefungin and its C-6' epimerM. Geze, P. Blanchard, J. L. Fourrey, and M. Robert-GeroCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 26, 7638–7640Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00364a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00364a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views344Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Perturbations in O-linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Protein Modification Cause Severe Defects in Mitotic Progression and Cytokinesis (2005)

The dynamic modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins with O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a regulatory post-translational modification that is rapidly responsive to morphogens, hormones, nutrients, and cellular stress. Here we show that O-GlcNAc is an important regulator of the cell cycle. Increased O-GlcNAc (pharmacologically or genetically) results in growth defects linked to delays in G2/M progression, altered mitotic phosphorylation, and cyclin expression. Overexpression of O-GlcNAcase, the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc, induces a mitotic exit phenotype accompanied by a delay in mitotic phosphorylation, altered cyclin expression, and pronounced disruption in nuclear organization. Overexpression of the O-GlcNAc transferase, the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc, results in a polyploid phenotype with faulty cytokinesis. Notably, O-GlcNAc transferase is concentrated at the mitotic spindle and midbody at M phase. These data suggest that dynamic O-GlcNAc processing is a pivotal regulatory component of the cell cycle, controlling cell cycle progression by regulating mitotic phosphorylation, cyclin expression, and cell division.
Rapid identification of gallotannins from Chinese galls by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (2009)

Chinese gall, a conventional traditional Chinese medicine, contains high levels of gallotannins. A rapid method for direct analysis of the gallotannins without using any troublesome sample pretreatments was developed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (MALDI-QIT-TOF MS) to successfully identify the gallotannin components in the crude extract of Chinese galls within several minutes. The high quality of the MS and MS(2) spectra acquired clearly showed that hydrolysable tannins in Chinese galls were identified as a series of the gallotannins with degrees of polymerization (DP) of 4-11 galloyl units. The MS(2) data indicated that the identified gallotannins with DP of 4-7 galloyl units had clear fragmentation with loss of 1-5 galloyl units which were further deprived of 1-3 water moieties. This technique may be used for rapid evaluation and screening of hydrolysable tannins in medicinal plants.
SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF IMMUNITY WITH COEXISTING SENSITIZATION IN A TYPE OF HUMAN ALLERGY (HAY FEVER) (1935)

Using ragweed hay fever as the representative of a certain type of allergy we have made studies to determine if possible the mechanism of the protection afforded by specific injections thus far established only by clinical observation. 1. Blood transfusions and serum injections from clinically immune, treated patients stopped the clinical reaction in untreated patients, thus indicating a transferable immunity. 2. The amount of skin sensitizing antibody in the serum was found to be practically unchanged by specific injections. 3. Injection of allergen-antibody mixtures into normal skin showed an immediate (1 hour) reaction when sites were made if serum of untreated cases (Serum A) was used but none or slight reaction if serum of treated cases (Serum P) was used. 4. When sites made with allergen-antibody mixtures were tested after 48 hours, reactions were absent with Serum A mixtures if enough allergen had been used, but were positive with mixtures of Serum P even though a much stronger allergen was contained in the mixture. 5. The primary inhibition of reactions with mixtures including Serum P was not due to antihistamine effect nor to binding of skin sensitizing antibody nor to binding or lysis of allergen. 6. The inhibiting antibody appears to be specific. 7. These serological studies supported by transfusion experiments have been interpreted by us as showing the development under treatment of a peculiar blocking or inhibiting type of immune antibody that prevented the action of allergen on the sensitizing antibody and hence showed in the type of human allergy under consideration (hay fever) the coexistence of sensitization and immunity.
Characterization of human antibody-reactive epitopes encoded by human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 (1991)

We have previously reported that the most common human serum immunoglobulin G antibody reactivities to human papillomavirus type 16 and type 18 (HPV16 and HPV18)-encoded proteins are directed against the minor capsid proteins (HPV16 L2 and HPV18 L2) and to the E7 protein of HPV16 (S. A. Jenison, X.-P. Yu, J. M. Valentine, L. A. Koutsky, A. E. Christiansen, A. M. Beckmann, and D. A. Galloway, J. Infect. Dis. 162:60-69, 1990). In this study, the antibody-reactive segments of the HPV16 E7, HPV16 L2, and HPV18 L2 polypeptides were mapped by using nested sets of deleted recombinant proteins. A single major immunoreactive region was identified in the HPV16 E7 polypeptide between amino acids (aa) 21 and 34 (DLYCYE-QLNDSSEE). In contrast, three distinct immunoreactive regions of the HPV16 L2 polypeptide were present in the segment between aa149 and aa204, and three distinct immunoreactive regions of the HPV18 L2 polypeptide were present in the segment between aa110 and aa211. With the exception of one serum sample, serum immunoglobulin G antibodies which reacted with HPV16 L2 polypeptides or with HPV18 L2 polypeptides were not cross-reactive.
RNA binding properties of the coat protein from bacteriophage GA (1991)

The coat protein of bacteriophage GA, a group II RNA phage, binds to a small RNA hairpin corresponding to its replicase operator. Binding is specific, with a Ka of 71 microM -1. This interaction differs kinetically from the analogous coat protein-RNA hairpin interactions of other RNA phage and also deviates somewhat in its pH and salt dependence. Despite 46 of 129 amino acid differences between the GA and group I phage R17 coat proteins, the binding sites are fairly similar. The essential features of the GA coat protein binding site are a based-paired stem with an unpaired purine and a four nucleotide loop having an A at position -4 and a purine at -7. Unlike the group I phage proteins, the GA coat protein does not distinguish between two alternate positions for the unpaired purine and does not show high specificity for a pyrimidine at position -5 of the loop.
Automated 3D Segmentation of Vertebral Bodies and Intervertebral Discs from MRI (2011)

Recent developments in high resolution MRI scanning of the human spine are providing increasing opportunities for the development of accurate automated approaches for pathoanatomical assessment of intervertebral discs and vertebrae. We are developing a fully automated 3D segmentation approach for MRI scans of the human spine based on statistical shape analysis and template matching of grey level intensity profiles. The algorithm reported in the present study was validated on a dataset of high resolution volumetric scans of lower thoracic and lumbar spine obtained on a 3T scanner using the relatively new 3D SPACE (T2-weighted) pulse sequence, and on a dataset of axial T1-weighted scans of lumbar spine obtained on a 1.5T system. A 3D spine curve is initially extracted and used to position the statistical shape models for final segmentation. Initial validating experiments show promising results on both MRI datasets.