gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decision Making in Patients with Pulmonary Nodules (2011)

Integrating current evidence with fundamental concepts from decision analysis suggests that management of patients with pulmonary nodules should begin with estimating the pretest probability of cancer from the patient's clinical risk factors and computed tomography characteristics. Then, the consequences of treatment should be considered, by comparing the benefits of surgery if the patient has lung cancer with the potential harm if the patient does not have cancer. This analysis determines the "treatment threshold," which is the point around which the decision centers. This varies widely among patients depending on their cardiopulmonary reserve, comorbidities, and individual preferences. For patients with a very low probability of cancer, careful observation with serial computed tomography is warranted. For those with a high probability of cancer, surgical diagnosis is warranted. For patients in the intermediate range of probabilities, either computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy or positron emission tomography, possibly followed by computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy, is best. Patient preferences should be considered because the absolute difference in outcome between strategies may be small. The optimal approach to the management of patients with pulmonary nodules is evolving as technologies develop. Areas of uncertainty include quantifying the hazard of delayed diagnosis; determining the optimal duration of follow-up for ground-glass and semisolid opacities; establishing the roles of volumetric imaging, advanced bronchoscopic technologies, and limited surgical resections; and calculating the cost-effectiveness of different strategies.
[Effects of low-intensity infrared laser irradiation on the eye (an experimental study)]. (1996)

Safe doses of low-intensive infrared laser (LIIL) exposure for the structures of the eye were searched for in rabbit experiments, and the potentials of such lasers in ophthalmology were assessed. Uzor, a therapeutic laser device with gamma = 0.89 mm, was employed. The doses varied from 0.0001 to 1.0 J/cm2, this corresponding to exposure duration of 0.3 to 45 min. Experiments were carried out on 20 animals. The right eyes were exposed, and the left ones were control. An increase of intraocular pressure was recorded at a dose of 0.1 J/cm2 (4.5 min) and higher; morphological study showed dilated, well-filled and newly formed vessels in the ciliary body and iris, as well as edema and destruction of the external layers of the retina. Exposure to a dose of 0.05 J/cm2 and lower did not lead to destruction of ocular structures and increase of intraocular pressure. The maximal LIIL dose causing no side effects for the organ of vision was established at 0.05 J/cm2, this corresponding to 2.5 min exposure.
Zusammenfassung (1996)

Ein Blick auf den Brückenbau des ausgehenden 20. Jahrhunderts offenbart eine unübersehbare Diskrepanz zu anderen Bereichen der Technik. Während beispielsweise seit Einführung des Automobils erhebliche Verbesserungen in bezug auf Energieverbrauch, Schadstoffausstoß, Sicherheit und Komfort erzielt werden konnten, beschränkte sich die Weiterentwicklung im modernen Brückenbau im wesentlichen auf rationellere Fertigungsmethoden (Bauverfahren) und die Verbesserung der Ausführungsqualität auf der Baustelle. Abgesehen von Großbrücken, welche immer wieder besondere Lösungen erforderlich machten, ist bei den sogenannten Standardbrücken seit Jahren eine Stagnation zu verzeichnen. So werden beispielsweise Auto-bahnüberführungen seit Jahrzehnten nach dem gleichen „Strickmuster“gebaut: Spannbetonbalken mit konstanter Höhe, Mittelpfeiler mit Lager, beidseitiges Kastenwiderlager mit beweglichen Fahrbahnübergängen. Im Hinblick auf die gestalterische Qualität manifestiert sich diese Diskrepanz besonders deutlich bei den Brücken der DB im Zuge der Neubaustrecken. Über einfeldrige Hohlkastenträger, welche noch zu Maillart’s Zeiten undenkbar gewesen wären, fährt ein moderner Hochgeschwindigkeitszug.
ANTI-THYROID PEROXIDASE ANTIBODY IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE: POSSIBLE IDENTITY WITH ANTI-MICROSOMAL ANTIBODY (1985)

Thyroid microsomal antigen and peroxidase (TPO) have a close intracellular anatomical relationship, especially in exocytotic vesicles. We considered that antibodies to microsomal antigen might react with TPO and therefore looked for the presence of antibodies against TPO in the serum of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). TPO was prepared from Graves' thyroid glands, solubilized by n-octyl glucoside, and its activity was assayed by the guaiacol method. Control sera and sera with a positive microsomal hemagglutination test (MCHA(+) ) were assayed for their ability to precipitate TPO activity by incubation of sera with TPO and protein A. We identified MCHA(+) sera which caused precipitation of TPO activity, and the extent of precipitation was related to the amount of serum added. A significant correlation was present between this anti-peroxidase activity and microsomal antibodies titers, measured by a micro-ELISA method. Affinity columns prepared from immunoglobulins of MCHA(+) sera, coupled to Reacti-Gel (6X), bound TPO activity, whereas using control IgG the recovery in the unbound fraction was high. These data provide evidence of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase in the serum of patients with AITD and suggest a close link between microsomal antigen and thyroid peroxidase.
T cell receptor- and beta 1 integrin-mediated signals synergize to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK) in human T cells. (1995)

The beta 1 subfamily of integrins is thought to play an important role in both the adhesion/migration and proliferation/differentiation of T cells. beta 1 integrins can provide T cell costimulation through interaction of very late antigen (VLA) 4 (VLA-4) (alpha 4 beta 1) and VLA-5 (alpha 5 beta 1) with the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (FN), or by VLA-4 binding to its cell surface ligand, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) 1. The mechanism by which beta 1 integrin members transduce T cell-costimulatory signals is poorly understood. Studies in non-T cells have demonstrated regulation of the tyrosine focal adhesion kinase pp125FAK by beta 1 integrin engagement and, most recently, indicate a role for pp125FAK in linking integrin-mediated signal transduction to the Ras pathway (Schaller, M. D., and J. T. Parsons, 1994, Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 6: 705-710; Schlaepfer, D. D., S. K. Hanks, T. Hunter, and P. Van der Geer. 1994. Nature (Lond.), 372:786-790). Although pp125FAK kinase occurs in T cells, there are no reports on its regulation in this cell type. The studies described in this article characterize novel regulation of pp125FAK by the T cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 antigen complex and beta 1 integrins, and provide the first account, in any cell type, of integrin alpha 4 beta 1-mediated pp125FAK tyrosine phosphorylation. We demonstrate a rapid and sustained synergistic increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of human pp125FAK in Jurkat T cells after simultaneous (a) triggering of the TCR-CD3 complex, and (b) alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrin-mediated binding of these cells to immobilized FN or alpha 4 beta 1 integrin-mediated binding to immobilized VCAM-1. Studies with normal peripheral blood-derived CD4+ human T blasts confirm the synergistic action of a TCR-CD3 complex-mediated costimulus with a FN- or VCAM-1-dependent signal in the induction of T cell pp125FAK tyrosine phosphorylation. In vitro kinase assays performed on pp125FAK immunoprecipitates isolated from Jurkat cells and normal CD4+ T cells identified a coprecipitating 57-kD tyrosine-phosphorylated protein (pp57), distinct from pp59fyn or pp56lck. These results indicate, for the first time, the involvement of a specific kinase, pp125FAK, in alpha 4 beta 1- and alpha 5 beta 1-mediated T cell-costimulatory signaling pathways. In addition, the data demonstrate novel regulation of pp125FAK tyrosine phosphorylation by the TCR-CD3 complex.
Compact Anatomically Guided Ultrasound for Casualty Care (2008)

We present a 3D anatomically guided diagnostic system to detect internal bleeding of patients in the field. Our solution employs high fidelity digital human models to help medics with minimal training to find anatomical structures and subsequently obtain high quality ultrasound scans that may be shared with doctors located remotely.
7-Chloro-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine S,S-dioxide (IDRA 21), a congener of aniracetam, potently abates pharmacologically induced cognitive impairments in patas monkeys. (1995)

We report here on the ability of IDRA 21 and aniracetam, two negative allosteric modulators of glutamate-induced DL-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor desensitization, to attenuate alprazolam-induced learning deficit in patas monkeys working in a complex behavioral task. In one component of a multiple schedule (repeated acquisition or "learning"), patas monkeys acquired a different four-response chain each session by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four discriminative stimuli (geometric forms or numerals). In the other component (performance) the four-response chain was the same each session. The response chain in each component was maintained by food presentation under a fixed-ratio schedule. When alprazolam (0.1 or 0.32 mg/kg p.o.) was administered alone, this full allosteric modulator of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors produced large decreases in the response rate and accuracy in the learning component of the task. IDRA 21 (3 or 5.6 mg/kg p.o.) and aniracetam (30 mg/kg p.o.) administered 60 min before alprazolam, having no effect when given alone, antagonized the large disruptive effects of alprazolam on learning. From dose-response studies, it can be estimated that IDRA 21 is approximately 10-fold more potent than aniracetam in antagonizing alprazolam-induced learning deficit. We conclude that IDRA 21, a chemically unrelated pharmacological congener of aniracetam, improves learning deficit induced in patas monkeys by the increase of GABAergic tone elicited by alprazolam. Very likely IDRA 21 exerts its behavioral effects by antagonizing AMPA receptor desensitization.
Luminescent and Redox-Active Polynuclear Transition Metal Complexes (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLuminescent and Redox-Active Polynuclear Transition Metal Complexes†Vincenzo Balzani, Alberto Juris, Margherita Venturi, Sebastiano Campagna, and Scolastica SerroniView Author Information Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica e Struttura Molecolare, Università di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 2, 759–834Publication Date (Web):March 28, 1996Publication History Received2 August 1995Revised20 October 1995Published online28 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr941154yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr941154yresearch-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10467Altmetric-Citations2005LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ethanol,Ligands,Metals,Redox reactions,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Preparation, properties and metabolism of retro-3-dehydroretinyl acetate (1968)

1. Treatment of 3-dehydroretinyl acetate with aqueous hydrobromic acid resulted in the formation of retro-3-dehydroretinyl acetate, which, on alkaline hydrolysis, gave the corresponding alcohol. 2. retro-3-Dehydroretinyl acetate was isomerized to 3-dehydrovitamin A when fed to vitamin A-deficient rats. 3. When retro-3-dehydroretinyl acetate was administered orally, it was hydrolysed to retro-3-dehydroretinol in the rat intestine, isomerized to 3-dehydroretinol and esterified before being transported to the liver for storage. 4. When administered intraperitoneally, both 3-dehydrovitamin A and retro-3-dehydrovitamin A were accumulated in liver and other tissues, whereas after enterectomy 3-dehydrovitamin A was not detected anywhere in the body. 5. The small intestine was shown to be the major site of conversion of retro-3-dehydrovitamin A into 3-dehydrovitamin A. 6. The extent of conversion of retro-3-dehydroretinyl acetate into 3-dehydrovitamin A was much smaller than that of the conversion of retro-retinyl acetate into vitamin A. 7. The biological potency of retro-3-dehydroretinyl acetate, determined by the rat-growth assay, was 2.6% of that all-trans-retinyl acetate, when given orally.
Cardiovascular thrombosis : thrombocardiology and thromboneurology (1998)

Part 1 Fundamental considerations: thrombosis and fibrinolysis, Laurence A. Harker and Kenneth G. Mann pathogenesis of thrombosis, Lina Badimon et al interrelationship between atherosclerosis and thrombosis, Erling Falk et al familial thrombophilia, Saskia Middeldorp et al characteristics associated with the risk of arterial thrombosis, T.W. Meade et al characteristics associated with the risk of venous thrombosis, Cedric J. Carter and Meyer Michel Samama laboratory detection of the prethrombotic state, Piera Angelica et al. Part 2 Antithrombotic and thrombolytic drugs: antiplatelet drugs, Garrett A. Fitzgerald and Carlo Patrono specific thrombin inhibitors, Marc Verstraete et al specific factor anti-Xa inhibitors, Meyer M. Samama et al unfractionated and low molecular weight heparin, Jack Hirsh and Christopher Granger heparinoids, Walter Ageno and Alexander G.G. Turpie dextran, David Nergqvist other antithrombotics, Marc Verstraete stable prostacyclin analogues, Jill J. Belch and Margaret McClaren vitamin K antagonists, Eliot C. Williams and John W. Suttie thrombolytic agents, H. Roger Lijnen et al agents lowering blood viscosity, including defibrogenating agents, Gordon D.O. Lowe mechanical thrombectomy approaches, Alexios P. Dimas and Patrick L. Whitlow the technical aspects of antithrombotic approaches in vascular surgery, Michael D. Malone et al. Part 3 Prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders: antithrombotic therapy in valvular heart disease, James H. Chesebro and Valentin Fuster prosthetic heart valves, Eric G. Butchart thrombosis in cardiac chambers - ventricular dysfunction and atrial fibrillation, Jonathan L. Halperin and Palle Petersen unstable angina, David J. Moliterno and Marc Cohen antithrombotic agents in the secondary and primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in high and usual risk, Patricia R. Hebert et al acute phase treatment of myocardial infarction - selecting patients for thrombolysis, Frans J.J. Van de Werf and Eric J. Topol prehospital treatment of acute myocardial infarction, Christopher P. Cannon CCU treatment of acute myocardial infarction, Karl-Ludwig Neuhaus et al adjunctive antithrombotic treatment to thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction, David A. Vorchheimer and David V.M. Muller complications of lytic and antithrombotic therapy in acute myocardial infarction, Maarten L. Simoons and Christopher B. Granger antithrombotic treatment in the chronic phase of myocardial infarction, Pal J. Smith coronary artery bypass surgery - antithrombotic therapy, James H. Chesebro and Steven Goldman antithrombotic treatment in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stenting, Michel E. Bertrand and Eric Van Belle primary prevention of transcient ischaemic attack and thromboembolic stroke, Oscar Benavente et al thrombolytic treatment of thrombotic stroke, Gregory J. del Zoppo and Werner Hacke. (Part contents)
[Expression of PKB protein in human squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung]. (2005)

PKB protein is over-expressed in human squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung.
Magnetic-free, fully integrated, compact microwave circulator using angular-momentum biasing (2014)

Conventional non-reciprocal devices use ferromagnetic materials and an impressed external magnetic bias to break time-reversal symmetry. This solution typically leads to impractically large devices, losses and it is incompatible with integrated circuit technology. We discuss here a different approach to realize non-reciprocal microwave components and materials, based on biasing meta-molecules with the angular-momentum vector. We show that this solution can provide as large non-reciprocity and isolation as magnetically-biased ferrite components, but without their drawbacks. In particular, we present the design and realization of an integrated, magnetic-free, compact microwave circulator realized with conventional circuit components on a dielectric substrate, fully compatible with integrated circuit technology. By using appropriate spatiotemporal modulation of a magnetic-free distributed-element resonating ring, we report over 47 dB isolation and a deeply subwavelength size. We also envision the realization of non-reciprocal metasurfaces and metamaterials based on the same principle.
Role of mitochondrial ROS in the brain: from physiology to neurodegeneration (2018)

Mitochondria are key cell organelles in that they are responsible for energy production and control many processes from signalling to cell death. The function of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is coupled with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the form of superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide. As a result of the constant production of ROS, mitochondria are protected by highly efficient antioxidant systems. The rapidly changing levels of ROS in mitochondria, coupled with multiple essential cellular functions, make ROS apt for physiological signalling. Thus, mutations, environmental toxins and chronic ischaemic conditions could affect the mitochondrial redox balance and lead to the development of pathology. In long-living and non-mitotic cells such as neurons, oxidative stress induced by overproduction of mitochondrial ROS or impairment of the antioxidant defence results in a dysfunction of mitochondria and initiation of the cell death cascade. Mitochondrial ROS overproduction and changes in mitochondrial redox homeostasis have been shown to be involved in both a number of neurological conditions and a majority of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarise the involvement of mitochondrial ROS in the mechanism of neuronal loss of major neurodegenerative disorders.
Patisiran, an RNAi Therapeutic, for Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis (2018)

In this trial, patisiran improved multiple clinical manifestations of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. (Funded by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals; APOLLO ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01960348 .).
Self-organizing distributed sensor networks (1999)

Advances in CMOS IC and micro electrical-mechanical systems (MEMS) technologies are enabling construction of low-cost building blocks each of which incorporates sensing, signal processing, and wireless communications. Collections of these integrated microsensor nodes may be formed into sensor networks in a wide variety of ways, with characteristics that depend on the specific application--the total number of nodes, the spatial density, the geometric configuration (e.g., linear vs. areal), topographic aspects (e.g., smooth vs. rough terrain), and proximity and proportion of user/sink points. The power of these distributed sensor networks will be unleashed by means of their ability to self-organize, i.e., to bootstrap and dynamically maintain organizational structure befitting the purpose and situation that is presented, without the need for human assistance. A prototype sensor system and networking protocols are being developed under the DARPA/TTO AWAIRS Program and are described.
Channel-based spoofing detection in frequency-selective rayleigh channels (2009)

The radio channel response decorrelates rapidly as the transmitter changes location in an environment with rich scatterers and reflectors. Based on this fact, a channel-based authentication scheme was previously proposed to discriminate between transmitters at different locations, and thus to detect spoofing attacks in wireless networks. In this paper, we study its application in frequency-selective Rayleigh channels, considering channel time variations due to environmental changes and terminal mobility, as well as the channel estimation errors due to the interference from other radios. We propose a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) that is optimal but computationally cumbersome, and a simplified version that requires no a priori knowledge of channel parameters and is therefore more practical. We verify the efficacy of the channel-based spoofing detectors via numerical analysis, showing how performance is improved by using multiple antennas, higher transmit power, and wider system bandwidth. We show that, under a wide variety of practical conditions, spoofing can be detected with better than 90% probability while keeping the probability of falsely rejecting valid transmissions below 10%.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazines Based on 1,2‐Bis(2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐thienyl)ethanedione. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preparation and Resolution of a Modular Class of Axially Chiral Quinazoline-Containing Ligands and Their Application in Asymmetric Rhodium-Catalyzed Olefin Hydroboration (2004)

The preparation and resolution of a series of axially chiral quinazoline-containing ligands is described in which the key steps are the metal-catalyzed naphthyl-phosphorus bond formation, the naphthalene-quinazoline Suzuki coupling, and the preparation of the Suzuki electrophilic components from the corresponding imidate and anthranilic acid. Diastereomeric palladacycles derived from the racemic phosphinamines and (+)-di-mu-chlorobis[(R)-dimethyl(1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl)aminato-C2,N]dipalladium(II) were separated by fractional crystallization. The configuration of the resulting diastereomers was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Displacement of the resolving agent by reaction with 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane afforded enantiopure ligand in each case. Their rhodium complexes were prepared and applied in the enantioselective hydroboration of a range of vinylarenes. The quinazolinap catalysts were found to be extremely active, giving excellent conversions, good to complete regioselectivities, and the highest enantioselectivities obtained to date for several members of the vinylarene class, including cis-beta-methylstyrene (97%), cis-stilbene (99%), and indene (99.5%).