gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in biologically sensitive field-effect transistors (BioFETs) (2002)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
PHYSIOLOGIC REQUIREMENTS FOR AUXILIARY LIVER HOMOTRANSPLANTATION. (1965)

Auxiliary hepatic homotransplants were performed in dogs, the second liver being placed in the pelvis of the recipient. In each instance, the hepatic artery was revascularized from the external iliac artery. In 6 dogs, the portal vein of the homograft was anastomosed to the superior mesenteric vein and the proximal portal vein then ligated; the splanchnic blood flow was directed in a retrograde fashion through the homograft, and the dog’s own liver was left supplied solely by the hepatic artery. In another 6 dogs, a similar operation was performed and venous revascularization carried out so that the nonhepatic splanchnic flow of the recipient was shared by both the host liver and the homograft.

In those animals in which the nonhepatic splanchnic flow was diverted through the auxiliary liver (group 1), the homograft retained its full size and there was marked shrinkage of the host’s own liver. Histologically, the loss of size observed in the host liver appeared to be due to centrizonal necrosis with collapse of the reticulin which was most pronounced around the central vein.

In those animals in which the host liver and the homograft shared the nonhepatic splanchnic flow, there was variable shrinkage of the homograft with retention of normal size in all but 1 of the host livers. These findings appear to have defined an important physiologic requirement for auxiliary homotransplantation. Because of the apparent competition for nutritional substrate, which seems to occur in the presence of 2 livers, the homografted organ must receive its venous inflow directly from the alimentary venous return.

Of even greater importance than the preservation of homograft morphologic integrity is the retention by the optimally vascularized auxiliary liver of the ability to sustain life, as demonstrated by the ultimate test imposed by removal of the host’s own liver. Despite the fact that 5 of the 6 homografts in the first group of animals had histologic evidence of cellular rejection, autologous hepatectomy in 3 of these dogs was followed by survival of 8, 28, and 49 days with total posttransplant survival of 69, 101, and 126 days.

Survival in these experimental animals was greater than any previously reported hepatic homotransplantation and permitted observations of late pathologic changes. These included phlebosclerosis of the central veins, perivenous fibrosis of the portal and central veins, the development in the 2 longest survivors of fibrous bands joining some of the affected central zones one to another, and the disappearance in the same 2 dogs of the small intrahepatic bile ducts with the development of intrahepatic cholestasis. In the dogs in which serial biopsies were carried out, the findings of cellular rejection were demonstrated in every instance to diminish with the passage of time, the first histologic demonstration of the reversibility of rejection in hepatic homografts.
Executive summary (2009)

The International Xenotransplantation Association islet xenotransplantation consensus statement describes the conditions for undertaking clinical trials of porcine islet products in type 1 diabetes. Chapter 1 reviews the key ethical requirements and progress toward the definition of an international regulatory framework for clinical trials of xenotransplantation. Chapters 2 to 7 provide in depth and agreed-upon recommendations on source pigs, pig islet product manufacturing and release testing, preclinical efficacy and complication data required to justify a clinical trial, strategies to prevent transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus, patient selection for clinical trials, and informed consent. It is planned to update this initial consensus statement in a year's time in light of progress in research, changes in the regulatory framework, and comments submitted after publication.
Eutectic Salt Catalyzed Environmentally Benign and Highly Efficient Biginelli Reaction (2012)

A simple deep eutectic solvent based on tin (II) chloride was used as a dual catalyst and environmentally benign reaction medium for an efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives, from aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and urea in good-to-excellent yields and short reaction time. This simple ammonium deep eutectic solvent, easily synthesized from choline chloride and tin chloride, is relatively inexpensive and recyclable, making it applicable for industrial applications.
ICAR ATRP with ppm Cu Catalyst in Water (2012)

Initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (ICAR ATRP) with ppm amount of Cu catalyst was successfully developed in water. For the first time, Cu catalyst concentrations of 100 ppm and lower were used in aqueous media to prepare well-defined macromolecules. Polymers of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether acrylate were synthesized with low dispersity (Mw/Mn = 1.15–1.28) using 20–100 ppm of an active CuBr/tris(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine-based catalyst in the presence of excess bromide anions. This technique was used to synthesize a thermoresponsive block copolymer of poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate)-b-poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether acrylate). The methacrylic block had a lower critical solution temperature (LCST = 77 ± 2 °C) below that of the acrylic block. The hydrodynamic diameter of ca. 10 nm at temperatures below the LCST is consistent with free polymer chains in solution, and the diameter of ca. 30 nm above the LCST is consistent with a micellar structure. The aqueous ICAR ATRP technique was also used to successfully synthesize a well-defined bioconjugate by growing poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) acrylate) from a bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein functionalized with ca. 30 ATRP initiating sites.
Green synthesis and antifungal activity of Al2O3NPs against fluconazole-resistant Candida spp isolated from a tertiary care hospital (2016)

Antifungal activity of ecofriendly and cost effectively prepared Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>NPs on<italic>Candia alibicans</italic>.
Counteracting corneal immunoinflammatory lesion with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (2004)

Herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) is a T cell-orchestrated, immunoinflammatory lesion that results from corneal Herpes simplex virus infection. Previous reports indicate an essential role for proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 in HSK pathogenesis. The present study evaluates the efficacy of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra) protein in the management of HSK. Mice receiving IL-1 ra had diminished disease severity. The administration of IL-1 ra was shown to reduce the influx into the cornea of cells of the innate and adaptive immune response. In addition, the treatment diminished corneal vascular endothelial growth factor levels, resulting in reduced angiogenic response. Our results show the importance of targeting early proinflammatory molecules such as IL-1 to counteract HSK and advocate IL-1 ra as an effective agent to achieve this.
Transcription factor AP-2 regulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression (1994)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is regulated by an enhancer region composed of multiple potential cis-acting regulatory sites. Here, we describe binding sites for the transcription factor AP-2 in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat which modulate HIV enhancer function. One site is embedded within the two previously described kappa B elements, and a second site is detected further downstream. DNase I footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments demonstrated that AP-2 binds to the site between the kappa B elements. Interestingly, AP-2 and NF-kappa B bind to this region in a mutually exclusive manner. Mutations which disrupt this AP-2-binding site lower basal levels of transcription but do not affect NF-kappa B-mediated induction by tumor necrosis factor alpha in Jurkat T leukemia cells.
Homologous regions within M protein genes in group A streptococci of different serotypes (1986)

DNA hybridization with probes from the structural gene for the M6 protein shows that the carboxy-terminal region (proximal to the cell surface) is conserved among strains of different M serotypes. The amino-terminal region, which is more available to immunological surveillance, exhibits greater variation.
Studies with enaminonitriles: Synthesis and chemical reactivity of 2‐phenyl‐3‐piperidin‐1‐yl acrylonitrile under microwave heating (2008)

Abstract magnified image Benzyl cyanide reacts with triethylorthoformate and piperidine in DMF solution to yield the title compound 2 . This reacted with aromatic amines to yield either aminoacrylonitriles or quinoline depending on reaction conditions and substitution pattern on the aromatic amine. The reaction of compound 2 with hydrazine hydrate could only be effected in the microwave oven and resulted in the formation of aminopyrazole 7 . Diazotization of 7 and coupling with an active methylene reagent afforded pyrazolo[5,1‐ c ]‐[1,2,4]triazine derivatives.
History and recent developments in pulse oximetry (1993)

AbstractTo honour Siggaard-Andersen's role in the development of accurate blood oximetry, this paper was abstracted from a recent review and survey of over 750 publications of pulse oximetry [1]. Pulse, oximetry usage has become nearly universal during anesthesia and related critical care in the developed world during the last decade. More than 35 manufacturers offer pulse oximetry. Costs of some have fallen to less than $1500 per device, with no necessary on-going charges. Pulse oximeters are remarkable: Accuracy is ±2 % down to 70 % Sa02 without any user calibration, no drift, instantaneous readout, and almost no maintenance or safety problems. New developments include better understanding of management of premature infants, beginning use for fetal SaO2 during labor, sophisticated methods of ignoring motion artifacts and room light interference, and awareness of sources of error. Oximetry use has caused anesthesiologists and most critical care physicians to become far more able to avoid severe hypoxia in patients. Malpractice insurance rates for anesthesiologists have dropped in the USA, and other evidence suggests, although failing to prove, that anesthesia and critical care is now safer, probably due to oximetry.Key Words: Anesthesia safetyoximetry problems and limitationsanaemia on oximetryreviewoximetryuses of oximetry
Transduced human PEP‐1–heat shock protein 27 efficiently protects against brain ischemic insult (2008)

Reactive oxygen species contribute to the development of various human diseases. Ischemia is characterized by both significant oxidative stress and characteristic changes in the antioxidant defense mechanism. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) has a potent ability to increase cell survival in response to oxidative stress. In the present study, we have investigated the protective effects of PEP-1-HSP27 against cell death and ischemic insults. When PEP-1-HSP27 fusion protein was added to the culture medium of astrocyte and primary neuronal cells, it rapidly entered the cells and protected them against cell death induced by oxidative stress. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that, when PEP-1-HSP27 fusion protein was intraperitoneally injected into gerbils, it prevented neuronal cell death in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in response to transient forebrain ischemia. Our results demonstrate that transduced PEP-1-HSP27 protects against cell death in vitro and in vivo, and suggest that transduction of PEP-1-HSP27 fusion protein provides a potential strategy for therapeutic delivery in various human diseases in which reactive oxygen species are implicated, including stroke.
Toxic Shock Syndrome: Characterization of Human Immune Responses to TSST-1 and Evidence for Sensitivity Thresholds (2013)

Noninvasive vaginal infections by Staphylococcus aureus strains producing the superantigen TSST-1 can cause menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS). With the objective of exploring the basis for differential susceptibility to mTSS, the relative responsiveness to TSST-1 of healthy women has been investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors were incubated with purified TSST-1 or with the T-cell mitogen phytohemmaglutinin (PHA), and proliferation was measured. The concentrations of TSST-1 and PHA required to elicit a response equivalent to 15% of the maximal achievable response (EC15) were determined. Although with PHA, EC15 values were comparable between donors, subjects could be classified as being of high, medium, or low sensitivity based on responsiveness to TSST-1. Sensitivity to TSST-1-induced proliferation was associated with increased production of the cytokines interleukin-2 and interferon-γ. When the entire T lymphocyte population was considered, there were no differences between sensitivity groups with respect to the frequency of cells known to be responsive to TSST-1 (those bearing CD3(+) Vβ2(+)). However, there was an association between sensitivity to TSST-1 and certain HLA-class II haplotypes. Thus, the frequencies of DR7DQ2, DR14DQ5, DR4DQ8, and DR8DQ4 haplotypes were greater among those with high sensitivity, a finding confirmed by analysis of responses to immortalized homozygous B cell lines. Collectively, the results reveal that factors other than neutralizing antibody and the frequency of Vβ2(+) T lymphocytes determine immunological responsiveness to TSST-1. Differential responsiveness of lymphocytes to TSST-1 may form the basis of interindividual variations in susceptibility to mTSS.
Electrical Measurements of Bilayer Membranes Formed by Langmuir−Blodgett Deposition on Single-Crystal Silicon (2007)

Bilayer membranes on solid supports are used for fundamental studies of biophysical properties and for the development of biosensors and other devices. Here we report on electrically addressable bilayer membranes formed by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)-based deposition on single-crystal silicon. The incorporation of a polymer cushion ensures high lipid mobility in both the lower and upper leaflet, allowing the potential for combined investigations of electrical, structural, and dynamic characteristics of membrane-associated proteins. Impedance spectroscopy is used to demonstrate that the lipid bilayers are robust and reproducible with an impedance of about 10(4) Omega cm2 and a capacitance of about 0.8 microF cm(-2). The ability to characterize ion channels is demonstrated using the model system gramicidin. These results demonstrate that artificial bilayers formed by LB deposition have many unique advantages for electrical measurements of membranes and their components.
An efficient algorithm for the calculation of a constant Q transform (1992)

An efficient method of transforming a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) into a constant Q transform, where Q is the ratio of center frequency to bandwidth, has been devised. This method involves the calculation of kernels that are then applied to each subsequent DFT. Only a few multiples are involved in the calculation of each component of the constant Q transform, so this transformation adds a small amount to the computation. In effect, this method makes it possible to take full advantage of the computational efficiency of the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Graphical examples of the application of this calculation to musical signals are given for sounds produced by a clarinet and a violin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Magnesia Fine Powders Prepared by Microwave Cold Plasma Heating. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detection- and Trajectory-Level Exclusion in Multiple Object Tracking (2013)

When tracking multiple targets in crowded scenarios, modeling mutual exclusion between distinct targets becomes important at two levels: (1) in data association, each target observation should support at most one trajectory and each trajectory should be assigned at most one observation per frame, (2) in trajectory estimation, two trajectories should remain spatially separated at all times to avoid collisions. Yet, existing trackers often sidestep these important constraints. We address this using a mixed discrete-continuous conditional random field (CRF) that explicitly models both types of constraints: Exclusion between conflicting observations with super modular pairwise terms, and exclusion between trajectories by generalizing global label costs to suppress the co-occurrence of incompatible labels (trajectories). We develop an expansion move-based MAP estimation scheme that handles both non-sub modular constraints and pairwise global label costs. Furthermore, we perform a statistical analysis of ground-truth trajectories to derive appropriate CRF potentials for modeling data fidelity, target dynamics, and inter-target occlusion.
Triangular covariance factorizations for (1976)

An improved computational form of the discrete Kalman filter is derived using an upper triangular factorization of the error covariance matrix. The covariance P is factored such that P = UDUT where U is unit upper triangular and D is diagonal. Recursions are developed for propagating the U-D covariance factors together with the corresponding state estimate. The resulting algorithm, referred to as the U-D filter, combines the superior numerical precision of square root filtering techniques with an efficiency comparable to that of Kalman's original formula. Moreover, this method is easily implemented and involves no more computer storage than the Kalman algorithm. These characteristics make the U-D method an attractive realtime filtering technique. A new covariance error analysis technique is obtained from an extension of the U-D filter equations. This evaluation method is flexible and efficient and may provide significantly improved numerical results. Cost comparisons show that for a large class of problems the U-D evaluation algorithm is noticeably less expensive than conventional error analysis methods.
Abundant class of human DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction. (1989)

Interspersed DNA elements of the form (dC-dA)n.(dG-dT)n constitute one of the most abundant human repetitive DNA families. We report that specific human (dC-dA)n.(dG-dT)n blocks are polymorphic in length among individuals and therefore represent a vast new pool of potential genetic markers. Comparison of sequences from the literature for (dC-dA)n.(dG-dT)n blocks cloned two or more times revealed length polymorphisms in seven of eight cases. Variations in the lengths of 10 (dC-dA)n.(dG-dT)n blocks were directly demonstrated by amplifying the DNA within and immediately flanking the repeat blocks by using the polymerase chain reaction and then resolving the amplified DNA on polyacrylamide DNA sequencing gels. Use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect DNA polymorphisms offers improved sensitivity and speed compared with standard blotting and hybridization.
Heterozygous missense variants of SPTBN2 are a frequent cause of congenital cerebellar ataxia (2019)

Heterozygous missense variants in the SPTBN2 gene, encoding the non-erythrocytic beta spectrin 2 subunit (beta-III spectrin), have been identified in autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5), a rare adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, whereas homozygous loss of function variants in SPTBN2 have been associated with early onset cerebellar ataxia and global developmental delay (SCAR14). Recently, heterozygous SPTBN2 missense variants have been identified in a few patients with an early-onset ataxic phenotype. We report five patients with non-progressive congenital ataxia and psychomotor delay, 4/5 harboring novel heterozygous missense variants in SPTBN2 and one patient with compound heterozygous SPTBN2 variants. With an overall prevalence of 5% in our cohort of unrelated patients screened by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) for congenital or early-onset cerebellar ataxia, this study indicates that both dominant and recessive mutations of SPTBN2 together with CACNA1A and ITPR1, are a frequent cause of early-onset/congenital non-progressive ataxia and that their screening should be implemented in this subgroup of disorders.
Activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by anti-T3: killing of tumor target cells coated with anti-target-anti-T3 conjugates. (1986)

Cytotoxic T-cell clones have been shown to be capable of killing unrelated target cells in the presence of heteroconjugates consisting of OKT3 (monoclonal antibody against cell surface antigen T3) and targeting antibody. In contrast, human peripheral blood T cells were not known to have this ability, although these cells have been shown to undergo proliferation in response to OKT3 and accessory signals. Here we report that OKT3-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells effectively killed human melanoma or Raji cells coated with anti-target-cell--OKT3 conjugates. The extent of target-cell killing by stimulated effector cells was much greater than that observed with unstimulated cells, in spite of down-regulation of the T3 structure on the OKT3-treated cells. Target-cell lysis occurred at physiological concentrations of effector cells and was inhibited by monomeric OKT3, indicating that killing was T-cell-mediated.
Novel Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Binding Domains of Fibronectin Enhance Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Biological Activity (2002)

Interactions between integrins and growth factor receptors play a critical role in the development and healing of the vasculature. This study mapped two binding domains on fibronectin (FN) that modulate the activity of the angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Using solid-phase assays and surface plasmon resonance analysis, we identified two novel VEGF binding domains within the N- and C-terminus of the FN molecule. Native FN bound to VEGF enhanced endothelial cell migration and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity, but FN that is devoid of the VEGF binding domains failed to do so. Coprecipitation studies confirmed a direct physical association between VEGF receptor-2 (Flk-1) and the FN integrin, alpha5beta1, which required intact FN because FN fragments lacking the VEGF binding domains failed to support receptor association. Thrombin-activated platelets released intact VEGF/FN complexes, which stimulated endothelial cell migration and could be inhibited by soluble high affinity VEGF receptor 1 and antibodies to alpha5beta1 integrin. This study demonstrates that FN is potentially a physiological cofactor for VEGF and provides insights into mechanisms by which growth factor receptors and integrins cooperate to influence cellular behavior.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1991)

ALTHOUGH the causes of the common forms of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease remain unclear, considerable progress has been made in the identification of important pathophysiologic mechanisms since these disorders were last reviewed in the Journal.1 Newer epidemiologic and clinical surveys have further clarified the clinical features, natural history, and complications of inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, the work of clinical investigators in many centers has enlarged the therapeutic armamentarium used for these diseases. This review will highlight these recent developments and provide an overview of the current understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of inflammatory bowel disease. The . . .