gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Group-delay measurement using the Fourier transform of an interferometric cross correlation generated by white light (1990)

A new method and apparatus for measuring the group delay in optical components and laser cavities are described. Cross-correlational fringes are fully recorded with a Michelson interferometer, in one of whose arms the optics to be measured are inserted. The path difference of the interferometer is calibrated to subwavelength accuracy, and the group delay is calculated from the phase of the Fourier transform of the measured fringe. The group delay for the entire visible-wavelength region is evaluated after a single measurement in approximately 10 min, using white light.
An analysis of pilot symbol assisted 16QAM for digital mobile communications (2002)

An analytical investigation of PSAM (pilot symbol assisted modulation) 16 QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) is presented. Closed-form expressions for the optimized receiver coefficients, and a tight upper bound for the resulting symbol error rate in PSAM 16 QAM are given. The performance is within 2.4 dB of that of a perfect reference system when the Doppler spread is 5% of the symbol rate. At 1% Doppler, the loss is only 1 dB, and it can be further reduced at lower Doppler values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of injections of small doses of human fibroblast interferon into genital warts. A pilot study. (1979)

Eleven male patients with genital warts were given injections of fibroblast interferon (300 u) and placebo into the bases of two similar warts. The changes in size of the treated warts compared with that of the controls suggested that interferon did inhibit the growth of the warts. The dose given was probably insufficient for a dramatic effect. In one patient, however, a wart on the penile shaft was injected with interferon and did disappear within two weeks whereas an untreated meatal wart increased in size.
Characterization of antigen-presenting cells that present exogenous antigens in association with class I MHC molecules (1993)

Exogenous Ag in the extracellular fluids do not gain access to the class I Ag-presenting pathway in most cells. However, there is an APC resident in spleen that can process and present exogenous Ag in association with class I molecules. We characterize the phenotype of this cell. This APC is of low buoyant density, is adherent to Sepharose and glass, and expresses both class II molecules and FcR. This phenotype identifies this APC as a macrophage. Resident, peptone- and thioglycolate-induced peritoneal macrophages also display this Ag-presenting activity. Analysis with CTL clones suggest that this Ag-presenting pathway may be active in only a subset of macrophages. A similar Ag-presenting activity is also present in dendritic cell-enriched populations from spleen although we cannot rule out the possible involvement of contaminating macrophages. In contrast, B and T cells that are resident in spleen and LPS blasts are unable to present exogenous Ag in association with class I molecules. The presentation of exogenous OVA with class I molecules is not inhibited by the inhibitors of thiol proteases, leupeptin, and antipain. The presence of gelonin, a ribosomal inactivating protein, in the extracellular fluids inhibits the ability of these APC to present exogenous OVA. Under identical conditions, gelonin does not inhibit Con A-stimulated T cell proliferation, or LPS-stimulated B cell proliferation and Ag presentation. These results are discussed in relation to the potential pathways through which an Ag in the extracellular fluids is presented with MHC class I molecules.
Germline P Granules Are Liquid Droplets That Localize by Controlled Dissolution/Condensation (2009)

In sexually reproducing organisms, embryos specify germ cells, which ultimately generate sperm and eggs. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the first germ cell is established when RNA and protein-rich P granules localize to the posterior of the one-cell embryo. Localization of P granules and their physical nature remain poorly understood. Here we show that P granules exhibit liquid-like behaviors, including fusion, dripping, and wetting, which we used to estimate their viscosity and surface tension. As with other liquids, P granules rapidly dissolved and condensed. Localization occurred by a biased increase in P granule condensation at the posterior. This process reflects a classic phase transition, in which polarity proteins vary the condensation point across the cell. Such phase transitions may represent a fundamental physicochemical mechanism for structuring the cytoplasm.
Intragastric nitric oxide production in humans: measurements in expelled air. (1994)

High values (800-6000 parts per billion) of nitric oxide (NO) in expelled air from the stomach were shown in humans by chemiluminescence technique. These NO values were more than 100 times higher than those found in orally exhaled air. Intragastric NO production is probably non-enzymatic, requiring an acidic environment, as NO in expelled air was reduced by 95% after pretreatment with the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole. Furthermore, large amounts of NO were formed in vitro from lettuce and saliva when placed in hydrogen chloride (pH < 2). In conclusion, large amounts of NO are formed intragastrically in humans and this source of NO may be of importance for the integrity of the gastric mucosa in health and disease. Measurements of NO in expelled air might be of value as a non-invasive method for estimation of gastric acidity.
中国“宙斯盾”驱逐舰面纱轻撩 (2005)

原文发表于美国《信号》杂志2005年7月号，作者詹姆斯·C·巴塞特供职于美国海军水面作战中心，主要负责水面前见艇的反潜火控系统研究。本刊编发此文，并不表示赞同其观点或证实其报道，仅供有兴趣的读者参考。
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahydrobenzothiophenone Derivatives as a Novel Class of Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A new technique for fully autonomous and efficient 3D robotics hand-eye calibration (1988)

The authors describe a novel technique for computing position and orientation of a camera relative to the last joint of a robot manipulator in an eye-on-hand configuration. It takes only about 100+64N arithmetic operations to compute the hand/eye relationship after the robot finishes the movement, and incurs only additional 64 arithmetic operations for each additional station. The robot makes a series of automatically planned movements with a camera rigidly mounted at the gripper. At the end of each move, it takes a total of 90 ms to grab an image, extract image feature coordinates, and perform camera extrinsic calibration. After the robot finishes all the movements, it takes only a few milliseconds to do the calibration. A series of generic geometric properties or lemmas are presented, leading to the derivation of the final algorithms, which are aimed at simplicity, efficiency, and accuracy while giving ample geometric and algebraic insights. Critical factors influencing the accuracy are analyzed, and procedures for improving accuracy are introduced. Test results of both simulation and real experiments on an IBM Cartesian robot are reported and analyzed. >
Effects of LIF on Neuromuscular Junction Formation in Co-cultures of Rat Spinal Cord Explant and Human Muscle (2008)

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multifunctional cytokine important in nerve and muscle cells development and maintenance. The effects of LIF on the formation of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) have not been studied directly, that is why we employed the in vitro model of human muscle cell cultures innervated by rat embryonic motor neurons. In this model, several aspects of neuromuscular junction formation can be studied. The aim of the study was to test if LIF promotes the formation of functional NMJ. The effects of LIF on neuronal outgrowth, acetylcholine receptor accumulation and the formation of functional contacts were tested. Co-cultures treated with higher concentrations of LIF have increased neuronal outgrowth, higher number of acetylcholine receptor clusters and finally at later stages also a higher degree of functional innervation. LIF positively promotes the formation of neuromuscular junction in specific concentration range. Effects appeared to be stronger at later stages of NMJ formation in our co-cultures. The model of in vitro innervated human muscle cell can be a useful experimental system for testing toxic and therapeutic effects of substances on the formation and development of neuromuscular systems at cellular level.
N-acyl-.beta.-enamino ketones: versatile heterocyclic synthons (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-acyl-.beta.-enamino ketones: versatile heterocyclic synthonsKevin T. Potts, Alan J. Ruffini, and George R. TitusCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 4, 623–625Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00152a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (366 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study of the interaction between policosanol and excipients. (2002)

Policosanol is an active principle, composed by 8 fatty alcohols: 1tetracosanol, 1-hexacosanol, 1-heptacosanol, 1-octacosanol, 1-nonacosanol, 1-triacontanol, 1-dotriacontanol and 1-tetratriacontanol that shows a very stable, well defined and reproducible composition from batch to batch that is analysed using gas chromatography. Continuing the studies of the compatibility among policosanol and different tablet excipients, it was studied if the mixtures of those excipients with policosanol produce chemical interactions between them, the samples were analysed using gas chromatography and was determined if it was affected the content of policosanol in them. When all the samples were analysed, no changes in the policosanol content of the samples were observed, and it was considered that no interactions are produced in any of the mixtures policosanol/excipients under study.
Margaret Brent - Maryland's First Female Lawyer (2007)

[. . .] I’d like to think that I am continuing to follow the example set 370 years ago by Margaret Brent—the first woman lawyer in the colonies—right here in Maryland. Margaret Brent used her talents in the law, over-coming the fact of her gender, in very difficult circumstances. Margaret Brent had arrived in the colony in 1638. After settling in St. Mary’s City, she amassed one of the largest real estate holdings in the American colonies. Brent was a cousin of Lord Baltimore, the lord proprietor of colonial Maryland and she bought up sizable tracts of land in the colony for herself and her family and later, for political and investment purposes. Brent’s shrewd intelligence and ability to make and execute deals soon made her indispensable to the Governor of the colony, Leonard Calvert. In 1643, with civil war raging in England, Governor Calvert was called back to England. In his absence, Virginia Protestants had stirred up resistance to the Catholic colony of Maryland and were able to take control of the colony. When Leonard Calvert returned, from England, with Margaret Brent’s help, he was able to raise a force of men to retake St. Mary’s City. To pay the soldiers, the Governor
Supervised range-constrained thresholding (2005)

A novel thresholding approach to confine the intensity frequency range of the object based on supervision is introduced. It consists of three steps. First, the region of interest (ROI) is determined in the image. Then, from the histogram of the ROI, the frequency range in which the proportion of the background to the ROI varies is estimated through supervision. Finally, the threshold is determined by minimizing the classification error within the constrained variable background range. The performance of the approach has been validated against 54 brain MR images, including images with severe intensity inhomogeneity and/or noise, CT chest images, and the Cameraman image. Compared with nonsupervised thresholding methods, the proposed approach is substantially more robust and more reliable. It is also computationally efficient and can be applied to a wide class of computer vision problems, such as character recognition, fingerprint identification, and segmentation of a wide variety of medical images.
Current status of animal radioimmunotherapy. (1990)

Progress in animal radioimmunotherapy has been reviewed by highlighting 22 successful experiments using human xenografts in rodent models. Significant tumor growth delay has been observed in all experiments with five groups reporting tumor control 100 days post-tumor implantation. The radiobiological significance of these experiments is analyzed through a proposed framework for the comparison of radioimmunotherapy to external beam therapy in both animals and humans. The limits of applicability of animal modeling to the clinical setting are evaluated in terms of intrinsic radiosensitivity, tumor volume effects, tumor bed effects, and the host defense mechanism. A generalized strategy for the development of clinical radioimmunotherapy is proposed based on utilization of radioimmunotherapy as a boost therapy in combination with external beam radiation.
MOLECULAR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE (2005)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although the etiology of PD is incompletely understood, the recent discovery of genes associated with rare monogenic forms of the disease, together with earlier studies and new experimental animal models, has provided important and novel insight into the molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. Increasing evidence indicates that deficits in mitochondrial function, oxidative and nitrosative stress, the accumulation of aberrant or misfolded proteins, and ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction may represent the principal molecular pathways or events that commonly underlie the pathogenesis of sporadic and familial forms of PD .
Full reconstitution of the immune deficiency in scid mice with normal stem cells requires low-dose irradiation of the recipients. (1986)

Mice homozygous for an autosomal recessive mutation for the scid gene exhibit a defect that specifically impairs lymphoid differentiation but not myelopoiesis. Such mice can be cured of their lymphoid deficiency by grafts with normal bone marrow, although full reconstitution of lymphoid function is seldom obtained. Long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) are devoid of all mature B and pre-B cells but contain lymphoid stem cells. We therefore reconstituted scid mice with LTBMC cells to study the kinetics of B lymphocyte reconstitution in normal and irradiated (4 Gy) scid recipients and in irradiated (9.5 Gy) co-isogenic C.B-17 mice. Detectable colony-forming B cells rapidly increased in the spleen and bone marrow of irradiated C.B-17 and irradiated scid recipients, reaching normal levels between 4 and 6 wk post-grafting. Unirradiated scid recipients showed limited reconstitution in spleen and very poor reconstitution in bone marrow. Unirradiated scid recipients also had relatively few surface Ig+ cells in spleen or bone marrow, whereas both groups of irradiated recipients had normal numbers between 4 and 6 wk post-reconstitution. Normal levels of cytotoxic T cell activity by 8 wk after reconstitution were observed only in the irradiated C.B-17 and irradiated scid recipients. Analysis of mice reconstituted with cells from LTBMC indicates that these cultures contain lymphoid stem cells with significant proliferative and self-renewal potential, and that full reconstitution of lymphoid function requires prior irradiation of the scid recipient.
Healing of large segmental defects in rat femurs is aided by RhBMP‐2 in PLGA matrix (1994)

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) can be used to enhance the repair of congenital or acquired bone pathologies when formulated in the appropriate carrier. Poly [D,L-(lactide-co-glycolide)] (PLGA) has been shown to be an effective carrier of rhBMP-2. We investigated several particle sizes PLGA and several doses of rhBMP-2 in a rat orthotopic model. We also investigated the effects of a fibrinolytic inhibitory agent, epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA), on the healing response. Our data indicate that higher doses of rhBMP-2 resulted in increased failure torque (408 +/- 70 N-mm or 60% of the intact value) and higher incidence of union (100%). The induced bone in femurs treated with the smaller particle size PLGA achieved the greatest torsional stiffness and strength. The presence of rhBMP-2 was necessary for new bone to form, but the presence of EACA did not change these results; the use of the PLGA carrier appeared to increase bone strength and stiffness. In fact, with higher doses of rhBMP-2 in PLGA, the stiffness of the new bone was equal to that of intact controls (64 +/- 20 N-mm/deg [intact femurs] versus 45 +/- 10 N-mm/degree [medium dose in small PLGA], 61 +/- 17 N-mm/degree [high dose in small PLGA], and 36 +/- 11 N-mm/degree [medium dose in large PLGA]; P > .05). In conclusion, PLGA implanted with rhBMP-2 effectively aided in healing large segmental defects in rat femurs.
Optical Flow-based obstacle detection and avoidance behaviors for mobile robots used in unmaned planetary exploration (2009)

Using optical flow calculations and a multilayer perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN), a methodology has been tried for mobile-robot obstacle detection and avoidance behavior. The study of the methodology has been supported by experimental results that were obtained from Matlab simulation environments. The images of the views were taken from a real navigation environment and then optical flow calculations for all images were obtained via Matlab simulink blocks created in advance, as an algorithm which can calculate optical flows from stereo visions. As optical flows of each pair of stereo views were derived, a database was constituted to train the multilayer perceptron. Using the data set and the Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm, a neural network was created that was well trained in Matlab environment in order to detect the presence of obstacles. Experimental results, obtained during the study have strengthened the ideas which have supported the usage of the optical flow via an ANN in mobile robotics for obstacle detection and avoidance behaviors.
Redirected targeting of LDL to human monocyte Fc gamma receptors with bispecific antibodies. (1992)

Recent studies indicate that low density lipoprotein (LDL)-immune complexes consisting of anti-LDL antibodies bound to LDL may contribute to macrophage foam cell development by uptake through immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc receptors. As human mononuclear phagocytes possess three structurally and functionally distinct classes of IgG Fc receptors, we developed a system whereby the effects of LDL-immune complexes could be studied with respect to each type of IgG Fc receptor. Novel bispecific antibodies consisting of anti-Fc gamma receptor antibodies linked to anti-LDL antibodies were used to prepare bispecific LDL-immune complexes for targeting to specific Fc gamma receptors. In this report, the effects of bispecific LDL-immune complexes directed to Fc gamma receptor types I, II, and III were studied primarily with monocytes and were compared with the effects of similarly prepared bispecific complexes that targeted LDL to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigens. Each type of bispecific antibody was effective in targeting 125I-LDL to its respective site on the cell surface. Using fluorophore-labeled LDL and flow cytometry, bispecific complexes directed to Fc gamma receptor types I or II but not to HLA class I antigens caused a two- to sevenfold increase in cell-associated fluorescence relative to control cells treated with LDL in the absence of bispecific antibody. Uptake occurred in the presence of excess unlabeled LDL, acetylated LDL, and antioxidants. That the bispecific complexes triggered metabolic uptake was supported by studies of kinetics and temperature dependence. Using 125I-labeled complexes, metabolic degradation of LDL was demonstrated in association with each of the three types of Fc gamma receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phase I trial of H65-RTA immunoconjugate in patients with cutaneous T- cell lymphoma (1991)

H65-RTA is an immunoconjugate that consists of the A chain of ricin (RTA), a ribosomal-inhibiting protein, coupled to a murine monoclonal antibody (H65) directed against the pan-T-cell antigen CD5. The CD5 antigen is heterogeneously expressed on cutaneous T-cell lymphoma tumor cells, but is not expressed on normal cells except lymphocytes. A phase I trial was therefore conducted in which 14 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma progressive on other therapies were treated with up to three cycles of H65-RTA. The maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of H65-RTA was 0.33 mg/kg/d administered intravenously for 10 days as defined by dyspnea at rest at higher doses. Other reversible side effects included myalgia, mild hypoalbuminemia with weight gain, pedal edema, fatigue, fevers, and chills. Six patients received more than one cycle of H65-RTA without increased side effects compared with the first cycle. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that peak serum drug levels were dose-dependent, and ranged from 1.13 to 5.56 micrograms/mL, with a terminal half-life ranging from 1.0 to 2.9 hours. The development of antibodies against the immunoconjugate was associated with a lower peak drug level, but not with enhanced side effects. Partial responses lasting from 3 to 8 months were documented in four patients. Three of the responding patients received more than one cycle of H65-RTA in the presence of anti-immunoconjugate antibodies. The results from this phase I trial suggest that H65-RTA is an active drug in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The immunoconjugate may be safely administered repeatedly, even in the presence of anti-immunoconjugate antibodies, with responses noted. Additional studies at the MTD are needed to define the response rate in this disease.