gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal tubular transport of folic acid and methotrexate in the monkey (1982)

The renal excretion of folic acid and methotrexate (MTX) was investigated in pentobarbital-anesthetized cynomolgus, rhesus, and AFrican green monkeys by standard clearance and stop-flow techniques. The renal clearance of folic acid was below inulin clearance at all plasma concentrations studied; the (U/P)folic/(U/P)In ratio increased from 0.26 at a concentration of 0.03 mM to a plateau value of 0.9 at concentrations above 0.2 mM, indicating net reabsorption by a saturable system. In stop-flow experiments, base-line (U/P)folic/(U/P)In ratios during free-flow periods were below 1.0, but increased by twofold in stop-flow samples derived from the proximal tubule, indicating net secretion during stopped flow. The stop-flow pattern of MTX excretion was similar, except the base-line flow pattern of MTX excretion was similar, except the base-line (U/P)MTX/(U/P)In ratio exceeded 1.0, indicating net secretion during both free-flow and stopped-flow periods. Secretion of both compounds was inhibited by p-aminohippuric acid and other organic acids but not by L-glutamic acid. It is concluded that folic acid is transported bidirectionally, while evidence was obtained only for secretion of MTX.
Changes of the cytokine profile in inflammatory bowel diseases (2012)

Cytokines are indispensable signals of the mucosa-associated immune system for maintaining normal gut homeostasis. An imbalance of their profile in favour of inflammation initiation may lead to disease states, such as that is observed in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although Crohn's disease (CD) is often described as a prototype of T-helper 1-type diseases, and ulcerative colitis (UC) is traditionally viewed as a T-helper 2-mediated condition, the classic paradigm, which categorises cytokines into pro- and anti-inflammatory groups, has recently been changed. The inflammation regulatory pathways may not be mutually exclusive as individual cytokines can have diverse and even opposing functions in various clinical and immunological settings. None the less there are many common immunological responses in IBD that are mediated by cytokines. Although they regulate and influence the development, course and recurrence of the inflammatory process, the concrete pathogenic role of these small signaling molecules is sometimes not unambiguous in the subtypes of the disease. Our aim is to review the current information about pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of traditionally studied and recently discovered cytokines in the pathogenesis of UC and CD. The better understanding of their production and functional activity may lead to the development of new therapeutic modalities.
Stacked Polymeric Multimode Waveguide Arrays for Two-Dimensional Optical Interconnects (2004)

Two-dimensional (2-D) polymeric multimode waveguide arrays with two reflection-mirrors have been fabricated for optical interconnects between 2-D arrayed vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and detectors. Contact printing lithography was adopted for simple and low-cost process using ultraviolet-curable epoxy-based polymers. Fabricated waveguides were diced of the same size and stacked one by one with lateral positional errors less than /spl plusmn/20 /spl mu/m. Two kinds of mirrors were fabricated: single-reflection mirror and double-reflection mirror. Double-reflected mirrors resulted in lower losses with 1.2 dB than single reflected mirrors with 2.1 dB. The average insertion losses of 16-channel arrayed waveguides with two single-reflection mirrors and with two double-reflection-mirrors were measured to be 6.1 and 4.4 dB for 6-cm-long waveguides at a wavelength of 830 nm, respectively. The crosstalk between the waveguides was less than -25 dB. The characteristics of the waveguide arrays are good enough for applications to optical interconnects.
Using High-Bandwidth Input/Output in Interactive Art (1999)

Are we making the best use of commonly available high-bandwidth input/output(I/O) devices on our computers? How would research on this subject be affected if it were driven by a purely artistic mandate? The bandwidth in question refers specifically to video input and output devices, the only high-bandwidth devices that are on found on common, conventional computers. Under normal circumstances, these devices transmit moving twodimensional images at rapid refresh rates; this high-bandwidth is a prerequisite for the capturing and viewing of motion images. A great potential exists in using this high-throughput capacity in applications that do not simply convey continuous moving images. In the burgeoning field of highly technological interactive art, a large number of works suffer from poorly adapted interface mechanisms. New high-bandwidth I/O configurations can serve to derive improved interfaces for the creation of interactive art. This course of research is not driven solely by the desire to create new technology
Automatic segmentation of up to ten layer boundaries in SD-OCT images of the mouse retina with and without missing layers due to pathology (2014)

Accurate quantification of retinal layer thicknesses in mice as seen on optical coherence tomography (OCT) is crucial for the study of numerous ocular and neurological diseases. However, manual segmentation is time-consuming and subjective. Previous attempts to automate this process were limited to high-quality scans from mice with no missing layers or visible pathology. This paper presents an automatic approach for segmenting retinal layers in spectral domain OCT images using sparsity based denoising, support vector machines, graph theory, and dynamic programming (S-GTDP). Results show that this method accurately segments all present retinal layer boundaries, which can range from seven to ten, in wild-type and rhodopsin knockout mice as compared to manual segmentation and has a more accurate performance as compared to the commercial automated Diver segmentation software.
The Lesser Coverts of Game Birds (2014)

By the time the days got so short in Lakeland, Florida, that the Detroit Tigers could only practice in the sunshine from eleven till one, the birds were thoroughly confused. Instead of heading north for spring, they flew east and south-southwest. And then up. The arctic terns, accustomed to long treks from Greenland to Antarctica and back every year, were the first to reach the moon. The waxwings arrived next, landing atop micrometeoroids and other space debris to mate and send on new generations. The crested honey buzzards and loons followed. After not many years, there were no birds at all on earth.
Novel oxidation process in Ge+-implanted Si and its effect on oxidation kinetics (1987)

Thermal oxidation of Si is shown to be substantially affected by the implantation of Ge+ ions. A unique morphology develops during steam oxidation due to the rejection of Ge from the oxide at the growth interface. The Ge pile-up leads to the formation of a distinct layer of almost pure Ge between the oxide and the underlying Si. Oxidation rates are enhanced due to the presence of this film which is shown to increase the interfacial reaction rate. This increase is attributed to a decrease in the binding energy of Si atoms at the interface as a result of alloying with the Ge film. A model is proposed to account for the enhanced oxidation kinetics and is shown to be in good agreement with experimental data.
The MET3 promoter: a new tool for Candida albicans molecular genetics (1999)

A central technique used to investigate the role of a Candida albicans gene is to study the phenotype of a cell in which both copies of the gene have been deleted. To date, such investigations can only be undertaken if the gene is not essential. We describe the use of the Candida albicans MET3 promoter to express conditionally an essential gene, so that the consequences of depletion of the gene product may be investigated. The effects of environmental conditions on its expression were investigated, using GFP as a reporter gene. The promoter showed an approximately 85-fold range of expression, according to the presence or absence of either methionine or cysteine in concentrations in excess of 1 mM. In the presence of either amino acid, expression was reduced to levels that were close to background. We used URA3 as a model to demonstrate that the MET3 promoter could control the expression of an essential gene, provided that a mixture of both methionine and cysteine was used to repress the promoter. We describe an expression vector that may be used to express any gene under the control of the MET3 promoter and a vector that may be used to disrupt a gene and simultaneously place an intact copy under the control of the MET3 promoter. During the course of these experiments, we discovered that directed integration into the RP10 locus gives a high frequency of transformation, providing a means to solve a long-standing problem in this field.
Annexin A1: A Central Player in the Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Role of Microglia (2010)

The brain microenvironment is continuously monitored by microglia with the detection of apoptotic cells or pathogens being rapidly followed by their phagocytosis to prevent inflammatory responses. The protein annexin A1 (ANXA1) is key to the phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes during peripheral inflammatory resolution, but the pathophysiological significance of its expression in the CNS that is restricted almost exclusively to microglia is unclear. In this study, we test the hypothesis that ANXA1 is important in the microglial clearance of apoptotic neurons in both noninflammatory and inflammatory conditions. We have identified ANXA1 to be sparingly expressed in microglia of normally aged human brains and to be more strongly expressed in Alzheimer's disease. Using an in vitro model comprising microglial and neuronal cell lines, as well as primary microglia from wild-type and ANXA1 null mice, we have identified two distinct roles for microglial ANXA1: 1) controlling the noninflammatory phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons and 2) promoting resolution of inflammatory microglial activation. In particular, we showed that microglial-derived ANXA1 targets apoptotic neurons, serving as both an "eat me" signal and a bridge between phosphatidylserine on the dying cell and formyl peptide receptor 2 on the phagocytosing microglia. Moreover, inflammatory activation of microglia impairs their ability to discriminate between apoptotic and nonapoptotic cells, an ability restored by exogenous ANXA1. We thus show that ANXA1 is fundamental for brain homeostasis, and we suggest that ANXA1 and its peptidomimetics can be novel therapeutic targets in neuroinflammation.
Photolithographic synthesis of cyclic peptide arrays using a differential deprotection strategy (2005)

We report here a strategy for the photolithographic synthesis of diverse, spatially addressable arrays of cyclic peptides which employs a differential deprotection strategy for the combinatorial addition of side chains to a pre-fabricated cyclic core.
Microcantilever resonance-based DNA detection with nanoparticle probes (2003)

Microcantilevers are used to detect DNA strands with a specific sequence using gold nanoparticle modified DNA. The hybridization reactions lead to the attachment of gold nanoparticles. After the amplification process by catalyzing the nucleation of silver, the shift of the cantilever frequency signals the binding events. The method can detect target DNA at a concentration of 0.05 nM or lower. Combined with stringency washing, a single base pair mismatched DNA strand can be discriminated. The cantilever is 1/100 times smaller than its macroscopic counterpart (quartz crystal microbalance), and can be mass produced as miniaturized sensor arrays by current processing technology. Multiple DNA detection is possible by coating multiple cantilevers with various capture DNA strands and monitoring the change in their resonance frequencies.
Demonstration of automated robotic workcell for hazardous waste characterization (2002)

An automated robotic workcell to classify hazardous waste stream items with previously unknown characteristics is designed, tested and demonstrated. The object attributes being quantified are radiation signature, metal content, and object orientation and volume. Multi-sensor information is used to make segregation decisions and to perform automatic grasping of objects. The workcell control program uses an off-line programming system as a server to perform both simulation control as well as actual hardware control of the workcell. The overall workcell layout, sensor specifications, workcell supervisory control, 2-D vision-based automated grasp planning, and object classification algorithms are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 9 with partial loss of material in hematological disorders. (1987)

Clinical, hematological, and cytogenetic data of 32 patients with loss of part of the short arm of chromosome 9 (9p-) are reviewed. There were 20 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), seven non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), three acute myeloid leukemia, one refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation, and one chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis. The cytogenetic findings were heterogeneous: 13 cases of del(9)(p21), among them four as sole karyotypic change; five cases of del(9)(p12), three of them as sole karyotypic change; four patients with i(9q), three with unbalanced translocations involving 9p12; and seven with unbalanced translocations involving 9p21. In addition, 10 patients showed known specific translocations for determined subgroups of ALL, NHL, and CML. The immunological phenotypes in the 20 ALL patients were common ALL (35%), pre-B-ALL (35%), B-ALL (5%), T-ALL (15%), and null ALL (10%). Three NHL were of T cell origin and the others of B cell origin. No specific association between the karyotypic change, immunophenotype, and clinical presentation could be ascertained for patients with ALL, acute myeloid leukemia, CML in blast crisis, and B-NHL. In T-NHL, three children with deletion of 9p, T immunoblastic lymphoma originating from common thymocyte and presenting with a mediastinal mass and pleural effusion may constitute a definite subgroup with good prognosis. All other cases had a poor outcome. Previously suggested association of 9p- with T-ALL and "lymphomatous features" was not confirmed.
Speckle reduction in optical coherence tomography by “path length encoded” angular compounding (2003)

Speckle, the dominant factor reducing image quality in optical coherence tomography (OCT), limits the ability to identify cellular structures that are essential for diagnosis of a variety of diseases. We describe a new high-speed method for implementing angular compounding by path length encoding (ACPE) for reducing speckle in OCT images. By averaging images obtained at different incident angles, with each image encoded by path length, ACPE maintains high-speed image acquisition and requires minimal modifications to OCT probe optics. ACPE images obtained from tissue phantoms and human skin in vivo demonstrate a qualitative improvement over traditional OCT and an increased SNR that correlates well with theory.
Solvolysis of 19-substituted androstane derivatives (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvolysis of 19-substituted androstane derivativesFortuene Kohen, W. Van Bever, and Raymond E. CounsellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 7, 2272–2275Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00832a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00832a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evolution of metastable phases in silicon during nanoindentation: mechanism analysis and experimental verification (2009)

This paper explores the evolution mechanisms of metastable phases during the nanoindentation on monocrystalline silicon. Both the molecular dynamics (MD) and the in situ scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) analyses were carried out on Si(100) orientation, and for the first time, experimental verification was achieved quantitatively at the same nanoscopic scale. It was found that under equivalent indentation loads, the MD prediction agrees extremely well with the result experimentally measured using SSRM, in terms of the depth of the residual indentation marks and the onset, evolution and dimension variation of the metastable phases, such as beta-Sn. A new six-coordinated silicon phase, Si-XIII, transformed directly from Si-I was discovered. The investigation showed that there is a critical size of contact between the indenter and silicon, beyond which a crystal particle of distorted diamond structure will emerge in between the indenter and the amorphous phase upon unloading.
Mitochondria Play a Central Role in Apoptosis Induced by α-Tocopheryl Succinate, an Agent with Antineoplastic Activity:  Comparison with Receptor-Mediated Pro-Apoptotic Signaling (2003)

alpha-Tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TOS) is a semisynthetic vitamin E analogue with high pro-apoptotic and anti-neoplastic activity [Weber, T et al. (2002) Clin. Cancer Res. 8, 863-869]. Previous studies suggested that it acts through destabilization of subcellular organelles, including mitochondria, but compelling evidence is missing. Cells treated with alpha-TOS showed altered mitochondrial structure, generation of free radicals, activation of the sphingomyelin cycle, relocalization of cytochrome c and Smac/Diablo, and activation of multiple caspases. A pan-caspase inhibitor suppressed caspase-3 and -6 activation and phosphatidyl serine externalization, but not decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential or generation of radicals. For alpha-TOS, but not Fas or TRAIL, apoptosis was suppressed by caspase-9 inhibition, while TRAIL- and Fas-resistant cells overexpressing cFLIP or CrmA were susceptible to alpha-TOS. The central role of mitochondria was confirmed by resistance of mtDNA-deficient cells to alpha-TOS, by regulation of alpha-TOS apoptosis by Bcl-2 family members, and by anti-apoptotic activity of mitochondrially targeted radical scavengers. Co-treatment with alpha-TOS and anti-Fas IgM showed their cooperative effect, probably by signaling via different, convergent pathways. These data provide an insight into the molecular mechanism, by which alpha-TOS kills malignant cells, and advocate its testing as a potential anticancer agent or adjuvant.
Real-time video streaming with interactive region-of-interest (2010)

High-spatial-resolution videos offer the possibility of viewing an arbitrary region-of-interest (RoI) interactively. In this paper, we focus on a real-time video streaming system with interactive RoI functionality. Real-time video encoding poses a bottleneck for developing such a system. We present some solutions for speeding up the encoding process at the server so it can be performed in real-time. First, we encode only those video slices that intersect the users' RoIs during a given frame-interval. The server load can be further reduced by skipping the downsampling of the static background in the scene. We also make use of the modes and motion vectors information available in the original high-definition bitstream. Experimental results show that the encoding time at the server can be reduced significantly (more than 90% in some cases) without affecting the video quality or increasing the transmission bit-rate.
Vaccinia Virus Protein F1L Is a Caspase-9 Inhibitor (2009)

Apoptosis plays important roles in host defense, including the elimination of virus-infected cells. The executioners of apoptosis are caspase family proteases. We report that vaccinia virus-encoded F1L protein, previously recognized as anti-apoptotic viral Bcl-2 family protein, is a caspase-9 inhibitor. F1L binds to and specifically inhibits caspase-9, the apical protease in the mitochondrial cell death pathway while failing to inhibit other caspases. In cells, F1L inhibits apoptosis and proteolytic processing of caspases induced by overexpression of caspase-9 but not caspase-8. An N-terminal region of F1L preceding the Bcl-2-like fold accounts for caspase-9 inhibition and significantly contributes to the anti-apoptotic activity of F1L. Viral F1L thus provides the first example of caspase inhibition by a Bcl-2 family member; it functions both as a suppressor of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and as an inhibitor of caspase-9, thereby neutralizing two sequential steps in the mitochondrial cell death pathway.
Prediction of human hepatic clearance from in vivo animal experiments and in vitro metabolic studies with liver microsomes from animals and humans. (2001)

We investigated the quantitative prediction of human hepatic metabolic clearance from in vitro experiments focusing on cytochrome P450 metabolism with eight model compounds, FK1052, FK480, zolpidem, omeprazole, nicardipine, nilvadipine, diazepam, and diltiazem. For the compounds, in vivo human hepatic extraction ratios ranged widely from 0.03 to 0.87. In vitro and in vivo hepatic intrinsic clearance (CL(int)) values for each compound were measured and calculated in rats and/or dogs and humans. CL(int,in vitro) was determined from a substrate disappearance rate at 1 microM in hepatic microsomes, which was a useful method. CL(int,in vivo) was calculated from in vivo pharmacokinetic data using three frequent mathematical models (the well stirred, parallel-tube, and dispersion models). The human scaling factor values (CL(int,in vivo)/CL(int,in vitro)) showed marked difference among the model compounds (0.3-26.6-fold). On the other hand, most of the animal scaling factors were within 2-fold of the values in humans, suggesting that scaling factor values were similar in the different animal species. When human CL(int,in vitro) values were compared with the actual CL(int,in vivo), correlation was not necessarily good. By contrast, using human CL(int,in vitro) corrected with the rat and/or dog scaling factors yielded better predictions of CL(int,in vivo) that were mostly within 2-fold of the actual values. Furthermore, successful predictions of human CL(oral) and hepatic extraction ratio (E(H)) were obtained by use of the human CL(int,in vitro) corrected with animal scaling factors. The new variant method is a simple one, incorporating additional information from animal studies and providing a more reliable prediction of human hepatic clearance.