gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peak Power Reduction in Closed-Loop MIMO-OFDM Systems via Mode Reservation (2007)

This letter studies peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals in eigenbeamformed multiple antenna systems. The weak eigenmodes abandoned by the waterfilling allocation are intentionally filled in order to offset signal peaks in the time domain.Numerical results indicate that this method can significantly increase the efficiency of peak power constrained systems with no modification of the receiver required.
Triangles (1998)

This paper presents a system for interacting with digital information, called Triangles. The Triangles system is a physictidigital construction kit, which allows users to use two hands to grasp and manipulate complex digital information. The kit consists of a set of identical flat, plastic triangles, each with a microprocessor inside and magnetic edge connectors. The connectors enable the Triangles to be physically connected to each other and provide tactile feedback of these connections. The connectors also pass electricity, allowing the Triangles to communicate digital information to each other and to a ,desktop computer. When the pieces contact one another, specific connection information is sent back to a computer that keeps track of the configuration of the system. Specific two and three-dimensional confi,%ations of the pieces can trigger application events. The Triangles system provides a physical embodiment of aigital information topography. The individual tiles have a simple geometric form which does not inherit the semantics of everyday physical objects. Their shape, size, and connectors encourage rapid rearrangement and exploration of groups of Triangles. The infinitely reconfigurable 2D and 3D topographies of the Triangles system create a new language for tangible interface.
Touchless monitoring of breathing function (2005)

We have developed a novel method for noncontact measurement of breathing function. The method is based on statistical modeling of dynamic thermal data captured through an infrared imaging system. The expired air has higher temperature than the typical background of indoor environments (e.g., walls). Therefore, the particles of the expired air emit at a higher power than the background, a phenomenon which is captured as a distinct thermal signature in the infrared imagery. There is significant technical difficulty in computing this signature, however, because the phenomenon is of very low intensity and transient nature. We use an advanced statistical algorithm based on the method of moments and the Jeffrey's divergence measure to address the problem. So far, we were able to compute correctly the breathing waveforms for ten (10) subjects at distances ranging from 6-8 feet. The results were checked against concomitant ground-truth data collected with a traditional contact sensor. The technology is expected to find applications in the next generation of touchless polygraphy and in preventive health care.
Inertial focusing of non-spherical microparticles (2011)

We have investigated the focusing and dynamics of non-spherical polymeric particles in microfluidic flows at finite Reynolds number. The rotational diameter, Dmax, of a particle, regardless of its cross-sectional shape, was found to determine the final focused position, except for the case of asymmetric disks. Additionally, elongated particles with larger Dmax exhibited longer residence times in a horizontal orientation than those with smaller Dmax. These findings inform approaches to hydrodynamically control shaped and barcoded particles for multiplexed biochemical assays.
Vincristine induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells: A mitochondrial controlled pathway regulated by reactive oxygen species? (2002)

Vincristine (VCR), a microtubule interfering anti-cancer agent, plays a key role in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The route of VCR induced apoptosis in ALL cells is not well defined. In this study we demonstrated caspase-9 and -3 activation in vivo in bone marrow leukaemic cells of a child with newly diagnosed ALL, after treatment with a single dose of VCR. We hypothesized that VCR induced apoptosis in ALL cells proceeds by a mitochondrial controlled pathway. We further studied the route of VCR induced apoptosis in Jurkat acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells. First we showed that VCR induces activation of caspase-9 and -3 in Jurkat cells. With the caspase-9 inhibitor Z-LEHD-FMK we proved that caspase-9 was activated prior to caspase-3. Loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential was independent of caspase-9 activation. To confirm the mitochondrial role in VCR induced apoptosis, the effect of blocking the mitochondrial route upstream of caspase-9 activation was investigated at two different levels: reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and Bcl-2 overexpression. Generation of ROS was detected early in Jurkat cells during VCR exposure. Ascorbic acid, a ROS scavenger, inhibited ROS generation as well as caspase-9 and -3 activation and cell death induced by VCR. Furthermore, in Bcl-2 overexpressing Jurkat cells mitochondrial membrane potential changes, caspase-9 and -3 activation and cell death upon VCR exposure were decreased, in comparison to parental Jurkat cells. However, generation of ROS was not decreased in Jurkat cells with Bcl-2 overexpression. We concluded that ROS play a regulatory role in the initial phase of a mitochondrial controlled pathway of VCR induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells.
Heparin as a Therapy for Atherosclerosis: Preliminary Observations on the Intrapulmonary Administration of Low-Dose Heparin in the Morning Versus Evening Gauged by Its Effect on Blood Variables (1991)

Reports on clinical trials with subcutaneous and intrapulmonary administration of low-dose heparin suggest that it may be an attractive therapeutic modality for the treatment of coronary artery disease because of unprecedented reduction in mortality of treated subjects. As a preliminary to a clinical trial with low-dose intrapulmonary heparin, a pilot study was conducted on three subjects. It compares overall circadian responses of 37 blood variables following intrapulmonary administration of heparin (10,500-18,800 U) in the morning (0800 h) and in the evening (2000 h). After each of these times, blood samples, mostly at 3 h intervals for the ensuing 27 h, were analyzed for heparin, APTT, TT, functional fibrinogen, CBC, enzymes, lipids, electrolytes, and hormones. Each time series was analyzed for circadian rhythm by the least-squares fit of a 24 h cosine and circadian mesors were compared by the Bingham test of rhythm parameters. Following heparin in the evening, but not in the morning, a statistically significant increase in circulating heparin levels, as well as directional increases in APTT and TT and decreases in fibrinogen, were observed in all three subjects. Same direction changes in several other variables were also observed. It is concluded that inhalation of heparin in low-dose levels results in variable circadian effects on blood parameters measured, ranging from no changes in their levels to minimal within normal range changes, and that these effects are dependent upon the timing of dose administration. It is suggested that the timed self-administration of low-dose heparin by inhalation be seriously considered for long-term clinical trials in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
Transport of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide to the Golgi Apparatus (1999)

Addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to cells in the form of LPS-soluble (s)CD14 complexes induces strong cellular responses. During this process, LPS is delivered from sCD14 to the plasma membrane, and the cell-associated LPS is then rapidly transported to an intracellular site. This transport appears to be important for certain cellular responses to LPS, as drugs that block transport also inhibit signaling and cells from LPS-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice fail to exhibit this transport. To identify the intracellular destination of fluorescently labeled LPS after its delivery from sCD14 into cells, we have made simultaneous observations of different organelles using fluorescent vital dyes or probes. Endosomes, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus were labeled using Texas red (TR)-dextran, LysoTrackertrade mark Red DND-99, DiOC6(3), and boron dipyrromethane (BODIPY)-ceramide, respectively. After 30 min, LPS did not colocalize with endosomes, lysosomes, or endoplasmic reticulum in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, although some LPS-positive vesicles overlapped with the endosomal marker, fluorescent dextran. On the other hand, LPS did appear to colocalize with two markers of the Golgi apparatus, BODIPY-ceramide and TRITC (tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate)-labeled cholera toxin B subunit. We further confirmed the localization of LPS in the Golgi apparatus using an epithelial cell line, HeLa, which responds to LPS-sCD14 complexes in a CD14-dependent fashion: BODIPY-LPS was internalized and colocalized with fluorescently labeled Golgi apparatus probes in live HeLa cells. Morphological disruption of the Golgi apparatus in brefeldin A-treated HeLa cells caused intracellular redistribution of fluorescent LPS. These results are consistent with the Golgi apparatus being the primary delivery site of monomeric LPS.
High power PM fiber amplifier and broadband source (2002)

A polarization maintaining (PM) 1.5 /spl mu/m amplifier was demonstrated by externally inducing strain birefringence in a nominally non-polarization maintaining double cladding Er/Yb fiber. The 27 dBm amplifier had a 17 dB polarization extinction and was v-groove side-pumped by a broad stripe diode. A line broadband source is also demonstrated.
Expression in Escherichia coli of chemically synthesized genes for human insulin. (1979)

Synthetic genes for human insulin A and B chains were cloned separately in plasmid pBR322. The cloned synthetic genes were then fused to an Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene to provide efficient transcription and translation and a stable precursor protein. The insulin peptides were cleaved from beta-galactosidase, detected by radioimmunoassay, and purified. Complete purification of the A chain and partial purification of the B chain were achieved. These products were mixed, reduced, and reoxidized. The presence of insulin was detected by radioimmunoassay.
Modification of Si(100) surface by the grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) for reduction in protein adsorption and platelet adhesion (2001)

The modification of argon plasma-pretreated single-crystal Si(100) wafer surfaces via the UV-induced graft polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) macromonomer (molecular weight approximately 340) for biomaterials applications was explored. The modified Si(100) surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Surface peroxide concentrations resulting from the argon plasma treatment and subsequent atmospheric exposure were determined by a coupling reaction with diphenylpicrylhydrazyl. The results suggested that a short plasma treatment time of 10 s and brief air exposure were sufficient for generating an optimum amount of peroxides and hydroperoxides for the subsequent UV-induced graft polymerization. The graft concentration of the PEGMA polymer increased with increasing PEGMA macromonomer concentration for the graft polymerization and with increasing UV graft polymerization time. The PEGMA graft-polymerized silicon surface with a high poly(ethylene glycol) graft concentration was very effective in preventing protein adsorption and platelet adhesion. The grafted PEGMA polymer layer on the Si(100) surface exhibited fairly good stability during storage in a buffer solution.
Molecular-scale structural and functional characterization of sparsely tethered bilayer lipid membranes (2007)

Surface-tethered biomimetic bilayer membranes (tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs)) were formed on gold surfaces from phospholipids and a synthetic 1-thiahexa(ethylene oxide) lipid, WC14. They were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, neutron reflection (NR), and Fourier-transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS) to obtain functional and structural information. The authors found that electrically insulating membranes (conductance and capacitance as low as 1 microS cm(-2) and 0.6 microF cm(-2), respectively) with high surface coverage (>95% completion of the outer leaflet) can be formed from a range of lipids in a simple two-step process that consists of the formation of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and bilayer completion by "rapid solvent exchange." NR provided a molecularly resolved characterization of the interface architecture and, in particular, the constitution of the space between the tBLM and the solid support. In tBLMs based on SAMs of pure WC14, the hexa(ethylene oxide) tether region had low hydration even though FT-IRRAS showed that this region is structurally disordered. However, on mixed SAMs made from the coadsorption of WC14 with a short-chain "backfiller," beta-mercaptoethanol, the submembrane spaces between the tBLM and the substrates contained up to 60% exchangeable solvent by volume, as judged from NR and contrast variation of the solvent. Complete and stable "sparsely tethered" BLMs (stBLMs) can be readily prepared from SAMs chemisorbed from solutions with low WC14 proportions. Phospholipids with unsaturated or saturated, straight or branched chains all formed qualitatively similar stBLMs.
Curcumin Content of Turmeric and Curry Powders (2006)

Curcumin, derived from the rhizome curcuma longa, is one of the primary ingredients in turmeric and curry powders that are used as spices in Middle Eastern and Asian countries, especially on the Indian subcontinent. More recently, laboratory studies have demonstrated that dietary curcumin exhibits various biological activities and significantly inhibits colon tumorigenesis and tumor size in animals. Curcumin displays both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, giving it the potential to be considered in the development of cancer preventive strategies and applications in clinical research. Experimental studies have shown the biological activities of the compound, but much more information on pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and food content are needed. Whether the amount of curcumin in turmeric and curry powders is sufficient to suggest effects on biological activities and cancer risk is unknown. To determine and compare the quantitative amounts of curcumin that are present in several brands of turmeric and curry powders, a high performance liquid chromatography technique was used to analyze 28 spice products described as turmeric or curry powders and two negative controls. Pure turmeric powder had the highest curcumin concentration, averaging 3.14% by weight. The curry powder samples, with one exception, had relatively small amounts of curcumin present, and the variability in content was great. The curcumin content of these seasoning products that are consumed as a component of the diet should be considered in evaluating baseline tissue concentration and response to curcumin supplementation, which is under study in chemoprevention trials.
Baculovirus-mediated Expression of Truncated Modular Fragments from the Catalytic Region of Human Complement Serine Protease C1s (1998)

C1s is the modular serine protease responsible for cleavage of C4 and C2, the protein substrates of the first component of complement. Its catalytic region (gamma-B) comprises two complement control protein (CCP) modules, a short activation peptide (ap), and a serine protease domain (SP). A baculovirus-mediated expression system was used to produce recombinant truncated fragments from this region, deleted either from the first CCP module (CCP2-ap-SP) or from both CCP modules (ap-SP). The aglycosylated fragment CCP2-ap-SPag was also expressed by using tunicamycin. The fragments were produced at yields of 0.6-3 mg/liter of culture, isolated, and characterized chemically and then tested functionally by comparison with intact C1s and its proteolytic gamma-B fragment. All recombinant fragments were expressed in a proenzyme form and cleaved by C1r to generate active enzymes expressing esterolytic activity and reactivity toward C1 inhibitor comparable to those of intact C1s. Likewise, the activated fragments gamma-B, CCP2-ap-SP, and ap-SP retained C1s ability to cleave C2 in the fluid phase. In contrast, whereas fragment gamma-B cleaved C4 as efficiently as C1s, the C4-cleaving activity of CCP2-ap-SP was greatly reduced (about 70-fold) and that of ap-SP was abolished. It is concluded that C4 cleavage involves substrate recognition sites located in both CCP modules of C1s, whereas C2 cleavage is affected mainly by the serine protease domain. Evidence is also provided that the carbohydrate moiety linked to the second CCP module of C1s has no significant effect on catalytic activity.
Low power camera-on-a-chip using CMOS active pixel sensor technology (2002)

A second generation image sensor technology has been developed at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory as a result of the continuing need to miniaturize space science imaging instruments. Implemented using standard CMOS, the active pixel sensor (APS) technology permits the integration of the detector array with on-chip timing, control and signal chain electronics, including analog-to-digital conversion. This paper describes the technology for implementing a low power camera-on-a-chip.
How Debuggers Work: Algorithms, Data Structures, and Architecture (1996)

Debugger Architecture. Hardware Debugger Facilities. Operating System Debugger Infrastructure. Controlling Execution. Breakpoints and Single Stepping. Discovering Program Context. Inspecting Data and Variables. Multithreaded Debugging. Debugging GUI Applications. Specialized Debugger Applications. Debugging Optimized Code. Epilogue. Glossary. References. Index.
Wnt5a cloning, expression, and up-regulation in human primary breast cancers. (1995)

Wnt genes are involved in mouse mammary cancer, but their role in human cancer is unknown. Human Wnt5a was cloned from a placental cDNA library and used to assess expression by ribonuclease protection and in situ hybridization in human breast cell lines and in normal, benign, and malignant breast tissues. Human Wnt5a shows over 99% homology at amino acid level with mouse Wnt5a, and 90% with Xenopus Wnt5a. It was expressed only at low levels in breast cell lines and normal breast tissue. Benign proliferations and invasive cancer respectively showed 10-fold and 4-fold higher Wnt5a than normal breast tissues. The greater up-regulation in benign conditions suggests a role in aberrant differentiation. In situ hybridization localized the signal to the epithelial component. Wnt5a is the first member of the Wnt family to demonstrate overexpression in human breast cancer. It was not associated with factors known to affect breast cancer prognosis such as lymph node status or epidermal growth factor receptor status.
Premature dissolution of the microsporocyte callose wall causes male sterility in transgenic tobacco. (1992)

Male sterility in a petunia cytoplasmic male sterile line has been attributed to the early appearance of active callase, a beta-1,3-glucanase, in the anther locule. This leads to premature dissolution of the callose walls surrounding the microsporogenous cells. We have mimicked this aspect of the petunia line in transgenic tobacco by engineering the secretion of a modified pathogenesis-related vacuolar beta-1,3-glucanase from the tapetum prior to the appearance of callase activity in the locule. Plants expressing the modified glucanase from tapetum-specific promoters exhibited reduced male fertility, ranging from complete to partial male sterility. Callose appearance and distribution are normal in the male sterile transgenic plants up to prophase I, whereupon callose is prematurely degraded. Meiosis and cell division occur normally. The resultant microspores have an abnormally thin cell wall that lacks sculpturing. The tapetum shows hypertrophy. Male sterility is probably caused by bursting of the aberrant microspores at a time corresponding to microspore release. These results demonstrate that premature callose degradation is sufficient to cause male sterility and suggest that callose is essential for the formation of a normal microspore cell wall.
Pressure- and Volume-Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophies Are Associated With Distinct Myocyte Phenotypes and Differential Induction of Peptide Growth Factor mRNAs (1995)

PO- and VO-induced LV hypertrophies are associated with distinct molecular phenotypes and patterns of peptide growth factor induction. Stimulus-specific heterogeneity in the signaling events and peptide growth factors coupled to gene expression could play a role in determining the type of hypertrophy that is caused by various forms of hemodynamic overload.
Localization of Human Cytomegalovirus in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes by In Situ Hybridization (1990)

The in vivo interaction of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) with leukocytes from a group of immunosuppressed patients was studied using specific subgenomic DNA probes and in situ cytohybridization. Study subjects had no recognized disease due to HCMV or had HCMV retinitis or colitis. Viral nucleic acid was detected in lymphocytes, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). PMNL were consistently hybridization-positive for HCMV RNA and DNA in patients with HCMV viremia. Monocytes were occasionally positive by hybridization and lymphocytes were rarely positive. These findings demonstrate that the HCMV genome is expressed in PMNL of viremic patients and that PMNL may play an important role in virus dissemination.
Neisserial porins inhibit human neutrophil actin polymerization, degranulation, opsonin receptor expression, and phagocytosis but prime the neutrophils to increase their oxidative burst (1995)

Porins are trimeric proteins that constitute water-filled pores that allow transmembrane diffusion of small solutes through the outer membrane layer of gram-negative bacteria. The porins are capable of inserting into the membranes of eucaryotic cells, and in the present study we have examined the in vitro effects on neutrophil functions of the following purified porins: meningococcal outer membrane protein classes 1 and 3 and gonococcal outer membrane protein 1B (P1B). The neisserial porins inhibited human neutrophil chemoattractant-induced actin polymerization and degranulation of both primary and secondary granules. The neutrophil expression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc receptors II (Fc gamma RII; CDw32) and III (Fc gamma RIII; CD16), as well as the activation-dependent downregulation of Fc gamma RIII, were reduced by the meningococcal and gonococcal porins. The neisserial porins impaired the upregulation of complement receptors 1 (CD35) and 3 (CD11b) and inhibited the phagocytic capacity of neutrophils, as evaluated by the uptake of meningococci (strain 44/76) in the presence of patient serum containing known amounts of IgG against meningococcal porins. The porins also primed neutrophils to increase their intracellular hydrogen peroxide production in response to FMLP, whereas no such priming was observed if the neutrophil protein kinase C was stimulated directly with phorbol myristate acetate. The neisserial porins influenced neutrophil functions in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The meningococcal class 1 outer membrane protein and the gonococcal P1B tended to alter neutrophil functions more than the meningococcal class 3 protein. Thus, the neisserial porins inhibited human neutrophil actin polymerization, degranulation, opsonin receptor expression, and phagocytosis but primed the neutrophils to increase their oxidative burst. It remains to be determined whether these in vitro observations reflect mechanisms that may be of importance for the interaction between neutrophils and Neisseria species in vivo.