gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF SEA-BREEZE FRONTS (1986)

Characteristics of sea-breeze fronts are investigated by field research and laboratory experiments. Field research was conducted at the Kasumigaura Lake where a sea-breeze front shows its plane figure through water surface ripples. Experiments were carried out using water tank with heating device below the inland part. Both front structures observed at the field and the laboratory water tank are closely similar to each other. A consideration is given to the celerity of sea-breeze front as a function of the initial density gradient and the density flux from the bottom.
MYB transcriptionally regulates the miR-155 host gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2011)

Elevated levels of microRNA miR-155 represent a candidate pathogenic factor in chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). In this study, we present evidence that MYB (v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) is overexpressed in a subset of B-CLL patients. MYB physically associates with the promoter of miR-155 host gene (MIR155HG, also known as BIC, B-cell integration cluster) and stimulates its transcription. This coincides with the hypermethylated histone H3K4 residue and spread hyperacetylation of H3K9 at MIR155HG promoter. Our data provide evidence of oncogenic activities of MYB in B-CLL that include its stimulatory role in MIR155HG transcription.
Inter-relation between "classic" motor neuron disease and frontotemporal dementia: neuropsychological and single photon emission computed tomography study. (1995)

The purpose of this study was to examine the possible association between "classic" motor neuron disease (cMND) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), using neuropsychological evaluation and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Psychological tests assessing language, perceptuospatial, memory, and "frontal lobe" functions were given to patients with cMND and test scores were compared with those of normal control subjects. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT was performed on patients with cMND, FTD and motor neuron disease (FTD/MND), FTD alone, and normal control subjects. Regional cerebral blood flow indices (rCBFi) were determined in 36 cortical regions, and differences between grouped rCBFi data were investigated by canonical discriminant analysis. There were significant group differences in the scores of picture sequencing and token tests in patients with cMND compared with normal controls. Regional CBFi data showed frontal and anterior temporal reductions in patients with cMND compared with normal controls. A similar pattern of SPECT abnormality was seen in patients with FTD/MND and FTD alone, but to a more pronounced degree than in patients with cMND. Neuropsychological and SPECT findings in cMND, FTD/MND, and FTD showed a common pattern of cerebral involvement, most pronounced in the second two conditions. It is suggested that cMND, FTD/MND, and FTD represent a clinical range of a pathological continuum.
Self-Assembly of Mesoscopic Metal-Polymer Amphiphiles (2004)

The assembly properties of two- and three-component rod-like building blocks consisting of gold and polymer block domains have been investigated. These structures behave like mesoscopic amphiphiles and form a series of single-layer superstructures consisting of bundles, tubes, and sheets depending upon the compositional periodicity. Unlike molecular systems, the template used to initially synthesize them plays a critical role in the assembly process by prealigning them in a manner that facilitates their assembly by optimizing the correct collisional orientation upon dissolution of the template. Tubular structures with tailorable diameters can be assembled in a predictable manner on the basis of an estimate of the hybrid rod packing parameters.
3D-WASP devices for on-line signal and data processing (1994)

While hybrid and monolithic Wafer-Scale Integration (WSI) technologies have brought about dramatic improvements in the density of integration of embedded massively parallel computers (MPCs), systems and applications engineers continue to demand ever more processing power in less space. The emerging technology of 3D-WSI offers a way of meeting this challenge, giving the potential for step-function increases in parallelism using existing WSI package options. It also permits independent scaling of I/O, parallel processing power and control, leading to a degree of cost-effectiveness that conventional 2D-WSI cannot match. The paper explores the potential of 3D-WASP (WSI Associative String Processor) and reports the results of a study into the engineering feasibility of such a device. This study suggests that a single 3D-WASP device, packages in a standard 2.5"/spl times/2.5"/spl times/0.25" can could deliver 100 Giga-OPS performance form 65536 processing elements, provide up to 64 input-output data channels of 16 bits each and dissipate only 25 W.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chemistry of thienopyridines. XXXVII. Syntheses in the cyclopenta, cyclohexa‐, and cycloheptathieno[2,3‐b]pyridine series. Three analogs of 9‐amino‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroacridine (1990)

Abstract 4‐Aminocyclopenta‐, 4‐aminocyclohexa‐, and 4‐aminocycloheptathieno[2,3‐ b ]pyridines were synthesized in very low overall yield by four‐step procedures starting from bis(2‐thienylammonium) hexachlorostannate(IV) and 2‐hydroxymethylenecyclopentanone, 2‐methoxymethylenecyclohexanone, and 2‐hydroxymethylenecycloheptanone, respectively.
Butyrate utilization by the colonic mucosa in inflammatory bowel diseases (2009)

The short-chain fatty acid butyrate, which is mainly produced in the lumen of the large intestine by the fermentation of dietary fibers, plays a major role in the physiology of the colonic mucosa. It is also the major energy source for the colonocyte. Numerous studies have reported that butyrate metabolism is impaired in intestinal inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The data of butyrate oxidation in normal and inflamed colonic tissues depend on several factors, such as the methodology or the models used or the intensity of inflammation. The putative mechanisms involved in butyrate oxidation impairment may include a defect in beta oxidation, luminal compounds interfering with butyrate metabolism, changes in luminal butyrate concentrations or pH, and a defect in butyrate transport. Recent data show that butyrate deficiency results from the reduction of butyrate uptake by the inflamed mucosa through downregulation of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1. The concomitant induction of the glucose transporter GLUT1 suggests that inflammation could induce a metabolic switch from butyrate to glucose oxidation. Butyrate transport deficiency is expected to have clinical consequences. Particularly, the reduction of the intracellular availability of butyrate in colonocytes may decrease its protective effects toward cancer in IBD patients.
New Use of Cyanosilane Coupling Agent for Direct Binding of Antibodies to Silica Supports. Physicochemical Characterization of Molecularly Bioengineered Layers (1999)

A simple protocol to fix biological species to silica-based surfaces (silica microbeads and glass slides), using a bifunctional silane reagent (3-cyanopropyl dimethyl chlorosilane), is presented. This silane reagent was used without further derivatization. This system led to strong, but not covalent, linkage of antibodies through their glycosylated regions (OH groups) to solid supports. The use of a microsized sample revealed that the coupling process depends not only on physicochemical interactions but also on steric phenomena, and in this case, it was shown that a molecule acting as a spacer was required for more efficient cell fixation. Here, monoclonal mouse antibodies against the CD45 molecule expressed on rat lymphocytes (MAR anti CD45 Ab) were linked to lymphocytes, and as spacers, sheep anti-mouse antibodies (SAM Ab) were immobilized on silica surfaces, allowing the cells to stick to the floating hollow silica microbeads by simple incubation. Under such conditions, a single microbead can fix several cells. The potential of this hollow, low-density support is in ultrasound applications, for the destruction by cavitation phenomena of cells selectively fixed onto such a support. Such a study can serve as a basic model for various microbiosystems involving cell manipulation.
GaN, AlN, and InN: A review (1992)

The status of research on both wurtzite and zinc-blende GaN, AlN, and InN and their alloys is reviewed including exciting recent results. Attention is paid to the crystal growth techniques, structural, optical, and electrical properties of GaN, AlN, InN, and their alloys. The various theoretical results for each material are summarized. We also describe the performance of several device structures which have been demonstrated in these materials. Near-term goals and critical areas in need of further research in the III–V nitride material system are identified.
Optimizing expression of functional HIV envelopes in rVSV-ΔG vaccine vectors (2012)

Methods Using a combination of nucleotide sequence optimization and protein domain swapping, we have generated a panel of novel gene inserts for VSV vectors that encode chimeric HIV-1 and VSV glycoprotein immunogens (EnvG). A stable VERO cell line engineered to express human CD4 and CCR5 was used to rescue rVSV vectors in which the G gene was replaced with coding sequence for several different EnvG proteins.
Identification of Splenic Reservoir Monocytes and Their Deployment to Inflammatory Sites (2009)

A current paradigm states that monocytes circulate freely and patrol blood vessels but differentiate irreversibly into dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages upon tissue entry. Here we show that bona fide undifferentiated monocytes reside in the spleen and outnumber their equivalents in circulation. The reservoir monocytes assemble in clusters in the cords of the subcapsular red pulp and are distinct from macrophages and DCs. In response to ischemic myocardial injury, splenic monocytes increase their motility, exit the spleen en masse, accumulate in injured tissue, and participate in wound healing. These observations uncover a role for the spleen as a site for storage and rapid deployment of monocytes and identify splenic monocytes as a resource that the body exploits to regulate inflammation.
Effect of atropine on sputum production. (1975)

The effect of atropine on sputum production has been studied in patients with asthama, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis in some of whom there was bronchorrhoea. In three patients a reduction in sputum volume was observed after atropine but it would seem that the decrease was mainly due to the inhibitory effect on salivary secretion which facilitates spitting. The one patient treated with long-term oral atropine showed a marked reduction in sputum volume although chemical constituents and viscosity levels remained unchanged, suggesting that in this case atropine had an inhibitory effect on bronchial gland secretion.
New positive selection system based on the parD (kis/kid) system of the R1 plasmid. (2000)

The use of vectors that are designed to allow positive selection of recombinants facilitates cloning experiments in E. coli. Using kid, a lethal gene of the R1 plasmid parD locus, we generated pKID vectors leading to high selective efficiency of recombinants (greater than 90%). The E. coli bacterial host used to propagate these vectors produces the Kis protein, the natural antagonist of Kid. This new positive-selection system exhibits the same efficiency as the original ccdB-based selection vectors, pKIL (4). We also show that the ccdB and kid systems are independent. This property increases the potential of plasmidic poison-antidote systems for genetic applications and opens the door to a generation of new vectors containing the two selection systems.
Production of ethanol from raw cassava starch by a nonconventional fermentation method (1981)

Abstract Raw cassava root starch was transformed into ethanol in a one‐step process of fermentation, in which are combined the conventional processes of liquefaction, saccharification, and fermentation to alcohol. Aspergillus awamori NRRL 3112 and Aspergillus niger were cultivated on wheat bran and used as Koji enzymes. Commercial A. niger amyloglucosidase was also used in this experiment. A raw cassava root homogenate–enzymes–yeast mixture fermented optimally at pH 3.5 and 30°C, for five days and produced ethanol. Alcohol yields from raw cassava roots were between 82.3 and 99.6%. Fungal Koji enzymes effectively decreased the viscosity of cassava root fermentation mashes during incubation. Commercial A. niger amyloglucosidase decreased the viscosity slightly. Reduction of viscosity of fermentation mashes was 40, 84, and 93% by commercial amyloglucosidase, A. awamori , and A. niger enzymes, respectively. The reduction of viscosity of fermentation mashes is probably due to the hydrolysis of pentosans by Koji enzymes.
Severity of the TGN1412 trial disaster cytokine storm correlated with IL‐2 release (2013)

The severity of the adverse response to TGN1412 compared with muromonab-CD3 and other therapeutic mAbs correlates with the level of IL-2 release.
Biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate: a review of collection, processing and analysis (2008)

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a potential rich source for countless biomarkers that can provide valuable information about respiratory as well as systemic diseases. EBC has been studied in a variety of diseases including allergic rhinitis, asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Although numerous biomarkers have been discovered and studied in EBC, the methods of collection and biomarker detection have not been fully standardized. While leaving standardization methods up to individual labs for the present time is optimal for the continued discovery of new biomarkers in EBC, this decreases the reproducibility and generalizability of the findings. In this review we will discuss specific biomarkers studied in specific diseases as well as some of the related technical issues including collection, processing and analysis.
SACON: a knowledge-based consultant for structural analysis (1979)

In this report we describe an application of artificial intelligence (AI) methods to structural analysis. We describe the development and (partial) implementation of an 'automated consultant' to advise non-expert engineers in the use of a general-purpose structural analysis program. The analysis program numerically simualtes the behavior of a physical structure subjected to various mechanical loading conditions. The automated consultant, called SACON (Structural Analysis Consultant), is based on a version of the MYCIN program (Shortliffe 74) originally developed to advise physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, The domain-specific knowledge in MYCIN is represented as situation-action rules, and is kept independent of the 'inference engine' that uses the rules. By subsituting structural engineering knowledge for the medical knowledge, the program was converted easily from the domain of infectious diseases to the domain of structural analysis. (Author)
[Effects of local application of 1,25 (OH)2D3 on experimental tooth movement in rats]. (1990)

The purpose of the present study was to explore the effect of local application with Vitamin D metabolite, 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25 (OH)2D3), on experimental tooth movement in rats. 1. According to Waldo's method, a piece of orthodontic elastic band was inserted between the upper first and second molars of Wistar male rats weighing 200 g. The amount of 20 microliters of 1,25 (OH)2D3(10(-12)-10(-7) M) was injected locally in the submucosal palatal area of the root bifurcation of the right first molar. The left side was injected with vehicle. The number of osteoclasts was counted in a 700 x 1050 micron 2 area of the inter-radicular septum. The number of osteoclasts was dose-dependently increased 2-fold at 10(-10) M 1,25 (OH)2D3 compared to that in the vehicle-injected side. The maximal increase of osteoclast number was observed 3 days after local injection of 10(-10) M 1,25 (OH)2D3 on experimental tooth movement. 2. The upper first molar of Wistar male rats was moved in a buccal direction by a helical spring. The amount of 20 microliters of the local administration of 10(-10) M 1,25 (OH)2D3 was repeated every 3 days until sacrifice at day 20. The tooth movement in the 1,25 (OH)2D3-treated rats was accelerated about 2-fold compared to that in the control rats. 3. The effect of bone formation in the rats receiving experimental tooth movement was examined by fluorescent labeling and quantitative histology. Thus, the local application of 10(-10) M 1,25 (OH)2D3 tended to prevent the decrease of the mineral apposition rate of the alveolar bone following orthodontic tooth movement. 4. Serum samples of these 1,25 (OH)2D3-treated rats was obtained from abdominal aorta 3 hours after the final injection. Serious effects were not found in the values for parameters such as calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. These findings suggested that the local use of 1,25 (OH)2D3 on experimental tooth movement in the rats caused increase in osteoclasts number and accelerated tooth movement. However, no obvious side effects were noted. 1,25 (OH)2D3 was expected to stimulate mineral apposition rate of alveolar bone on the tension side.
Expression of cytokeratin markers, ER-alpha, PR, HER-2/neu, and EGFR in pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and DCIS with co-existing invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. (2007)

Previously, we showed that pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast can be divided into 3 subtypes (luminal, basal/stem, and null) based on the expression of 5 cytokeratin (CK) markers: CK5/6, CK14, CK17 (stem/basal), and CK8, CK18 (luminal). The distributions of CK subtypes were associated with nuclear grade and differential expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha), progesterone receptor (PR), HER-2/neu, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In this study, we further explore the expression patterns of CK markers, ER-alpha, PR, HER-2/neu, and EGFR by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of 99 cases of pure DCIS and 96 cases of DCIS with co-existing invasive ductal carcinoma (DCIS/IDC). We show that between high-grade DCIS and DCIS/IDC, there are differential expression patterns for ER-alpha, PR, and EGFR in corresponding CK subtypes, suggesting that at least some pure DCIS is molecularly distinct from DCIS/IDC. In most cases there is a high degree of co-expression of these markers between DCIS and the co-existing IDC, suggesting that DCIS is frequently a precursor lesion for co-existing IDC. The rate of discordant expression of these markers is low and is more frequently associated with high-grade carcinoma, suggesting that other molecular pathways also may also be present. There are significant differences in the expression of these molecular markers between high-grade and non-high-grade carcinomas, supporting the view that high-grade and non-high-grade carcinomas of the breast are molecularly distinct entities.
Dust effects on PV array performance: in‐field observations with non‐uniform patterns (2013)

ABSTRACT This paper presents the impact of non‐homogeneous deposits of dust on the performance of a PV array. The observations have been made in a 2‐MW PV park in the southeast region of Spain. The results are that inhomogeneous dust leads to more significant consequences than the mere short‐circuit current reduction resulting from transmittance losses. In particular, when the affected PV modules are part of a string together with other cleaned (or less dusty) ones, operation voltage losses arise. These voltage losses can be several times larger than the short‐circuit ones, leading to power losses that can be much larger than what measurements suggest when the PV modules are considered separately. Significant hot‐spot phenomena can also arise leading to cells exhibiting temperature differences of more than 20 degrees and thus representing a threat to the PV modules' lifetime. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Galactosylated Poly(vinylidene difluoride) Hollow Fiber Bioreactor for Hepatocyte Culture (2005)

To overcome the limitations of long-term expression of highly differentiated hepatocyte functions, we have developed a novel bioreactor in which hepatocytes are seeded in a ligand-immobilized hollow fiber cartridge. Galactosylated Pluronic polymer is immobilized on poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) hollow fiber surface through an adsorption scheme yielding a substrate with hepatocyte-specific ligand and a hydrophilic surface layer, which can resist nonspecific protein adsorption and facilitate cell binding to the galactose ligand. Interestingly, the galactosylated PVDF hollow fiber shows enhanced serum albumin diffusion across the membrane. Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were seeded and cultured in the extralumenal space of the hollow fiber cartridge for 18 days in a continuously circulated system. Albumin secretion function of the seeded hepatocytes was monitored by analyzing circulating medium by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Urea synthesis and P-450 function (7-ethoxycoumarin dealkylase activity) were measured periodically by doping the circulating medium with NH4Cl and 7-ethoxycoumarin, respectively. Hepatocytes cultured on galactosylated PVDF hollow fibers maintained better albumin secretion and P-450 functions than on unmodified and serum-coated PVDF hollow fibers when cultured in serum-containing medium. Morphological examination by scanning electron microscopy showed that hepatocytes cultured on galactosylated PVDF hollow fibers developed significant aggregation, in contrast to those cultured on unmodified PVDF fibers or on serum-coated PVDF fibers. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that tight junctions and canaliculus-like structures formed in these aggregates. These results suggest the potential application of this galactosylated PVDF hollow fiber cartridge for the design of a bioartificial liver assist device.
Variability of grip strength during isometric contraction (1995)

The use of measures of strength variability as a means of determining sincerity of effort is becoming a more common practice, particularly in medico-legal and rehabilitation settings. The stability of such variability measures, however, has not been documented. This research investigated, in two studies, the trial-to-trial variability of grip strength under maximal and submaximal effort conditions. In the first study, 63 subjects were asked to give 100% grip effort, and in the second study 40 subjects from the original group were asked to give 50% grip effort. The Jamar hand dynamometer was used to measure grip strength in both experiments, and a coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for every three repeat measures at each handle position. Testing was conducted on two separate occasions for both experiments. Although the interoccasion reliability of grip strength was very high, in comparison, the CV was not stable over test occasions, with interoccasion reliability indices close to zero. Factors significantly influencing CV were effort level, with submaximal effort producing larger CVs, and gender, with females having greater strength variability. If the rule is applied that one or more CVs above the 7.5% cut-off value could indicate submaximal effort, then for this sample of subjects giving maximal effort, 97% of females and 64% of males would be misclassified. Applying a single CV classification cut-off value to a mixed sample of subjects appears to unfairly discriminate against the females. Further research into the factors associated with high CV values is essential before the CV can be used with any confidence in a clinical setting as a method for determining sincerity of effort.