gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On‐Line Separation of Macromolecules by Membrane Filtration with Cryogelation (1980)

The use of cold filtration in the removal of macromolecules from disease state plasma is safe and simple. It overcomes the disadvantages of plasma exchange in chronic treatments and is specific in removal of those causative factors implicated in the disease.
Synthesis of ethenylidenebis(phosphonic acid) and its tetraalkyl esters (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of ethenylidenebis(phosphonic acid) and its tetraalkyl estersCharles R. Degenhardt and Don C. BurdsallCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 18, 3488–3490Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00368a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00368a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1614Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peptide Nucleic Acids (2002)

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have now existed for slightly more than ten years, with the interest in and applications of this pseudopeptide DNA mimic steadily increasing during the entire period. PNAs
Fast Boundary Detection: A Generalization and a New Algorithm (1977)

We study class of fast algorithms that extract object boundaries from digitized images. A set of orthogonal functions related to distinctive image features is presented, which allows efficient extraction of such boundary elements. The properties of these functions are. used to define new criteria for edge detection and a sequential algorithm is presented. Results indicate considerable improvements over, existing techniques, with a very moderate increase of computational cost.
Interactive Focus and Context Visualization for Augmented Reality (2007)

In this article we present interactive focus and context (F+C) visualizations for augmented reality (AR) applications. We demonstrate how F+C visualizations are used to affect the user's perception of hidden objects by presenting contextual information in the area of augmentation. We carefully overlay synthetic data on top of the real world imagery by taking into account the information that is about to be occluded. Furthermore, we present operations to control the amount of augmented information. Additionally, we developed an interaction tool, based on the magic lens technique, which allows for interactive separation of focus from context. We integrated our work into a rendering framework developed on top of the Studierstube augmented reality system. We finally show examples to demonstrate how our work benefits AR.
Enterococcis: pathogens of the 90s. (1994)

The genus Enterococcus consists of at least 12 species, two of which account for over 95% of the clinically important strains, E faecalis (85%-90%) and E faecium (5%-10%). Despite their ubiquity and frequent isolation, they have not been thought to cause serious disease because they lack common virulence factors. Now, however, enterococci are regarded as true pathogens and are the second leading cause of nosocomial infections. This change results from their increasing antimicrobial resistance and the extensive use of antimicrobial drugs (for example-cephalosporins) that are not active against them. Serious infections should usually be treated with a beta-lactam and an aminoglycoside, but glycopeptides have been increasingly used during the last decade. Two novel resistance patterns of particular concern recently are high level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) and vancomycin resistance. The prevalence of HLAR is between 15% and 55%, and glycopeptide resistance has become widespread in various geographical areas. This poses a serious problem, as such resistance may spread to other Gram-positive organisms and is often associated with resistance to other antimicrobial drugs. This may theoretically result in groups of organisms for which there will be no effective antimicrobial treatment.
Functionalized polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) macromers: new graftable POSS hydride, POSS α-olefin, POSS epoxy, and POSS chlorosilane macromers and POSS-siloxane triblocks (1999)

A series of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) monomers bearing silane or α-olefin substituents have been prepared and their chemistry explored. Both the POSS silanes and α-olefin monomers readily participate in hydrosilation chemistry and have been used as starting materials for the preparation of POSS sol–gel-type reagents. Similarly, POSS silanes and α-olefins are reactive towards silane- and olefin-functionalized polymers, which makes them useful as grafting reagents. The utility of these reagents as graftable monomers was demonstrated by synthesis of a series of POSS–siloxane–POSS triblock polymers. Thermal­and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of the triblock polymers was performed in order to examine how the length of the siloxane segment affects the properties of the polymer. The POSS α-olefin monomers were found to­be unreactive with respect to Ziegler–Natta polymerization. The reaction of POSS α-olefins with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) to give POSS epoxides was demonstrated and the thermal stability of the POSS epoxides determined. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dedifferentiation of atrial myocytes during atrial fibrillation: role of fibroblast proliferation in vitro (2002)

In diseased atria, myolytic myocytes are in a dedifferentiated state resembling that of immature muscle cells. In vitro, fibroblast proliferation prevents the reversibility of this cellular alteration.
Reference Values for Plasma Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activity and Their Association with Other Laboratory Parameters (2001)

In blood, the exopeptidase dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV; EC 3.4.14.5) is predominantly present in a soluble form in plasma/serum and as an activation antigen on the membrane of lymphocytes (CD26). It modifies some important biologically active peptides (neuropeptides, chemokines), and a regulatory role for DPPIV/CD26 in immune and endocrine processes has been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to determine reference values for plasma/serum DPPIV activity and to study the association of this activity with a series of biochemical and hematological parameters and baseline characteristics such as age, gender, blood pressure and body mass index. We studied 481 healthy subjects aged between 19 and 61 years. The group consisted of 213 men and 268 women equally divided between the different categories of age. Among the women, 127 were taking hormone therapy (contraception/hormone replacement) and 141 were not. A multiple regression model shows that DPPIV activity decreases significantly with age. The activity in women is slightly lower than in men. We observed an important association with liver, muscle and lipid metabolism-related parameters. In this model, no significant contribution of body mass index, blood pressure or hormone therapy could be stated.
Retro-Inverso Peptidomimetics as New Immunological Probes (1995)

Retro-inverso peptides which contain NH-CO bonds instead of CO-NH peptide bonds are much more resistant to proteolysis than L-peptides. Moreover, they have been shown recently to be able to mimic natural L-peptides with respect to poly- and monoclonal antibodies (Guichard, G., Benkirane, N., Zeder-Lutz, G., Van Regenmortel, M. H. V., Briand, J. P., and Muller, S. (1994b) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 9765-9769). We have further tested the capacity of retro-inverso peptidomimetics to serve as possible targets for antibodies produced by lupus mice and by patients with rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Several retro-inverso peptides corresponding to sequences known to be recognized by autoantibodies were synthesized, namely peptides 28-45 and 130-135 of H3, 277-291 of the Ro/SSA 52-kDa protein, and 304-324 of the Ro/SSA 60-kDa protein, and tested with autoimmune sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We have found that retro-inverso peptides are recognized as well as or even better than natural peptides by antibodies from autoimmune patients and lupus mice. This new approach may lead to important progress in the future development of immunodiagnostic assays, particularly in the case of diseases characterized by inflammatory reactions in the course of which the level of degradative enzymes is increased.
CRISPR-Mediated Adaptive Immune Systems in Bacteria and Archaea (2013)

Effective clearance of an infection requires that the immune system rapidly detects and neutralizes invading parasites while strictly avoiding self-antigens that would result in autoimmunity. The cellular machinery and complex signaling pathways that coordinate an effective immune response have generally been considered properties of the eukaryotic immune system. However, a surprisingly sophisticated adaptive immune system that relies on small RNAs for sequence-specific targeting of foreign nucleic acids was recently discovered in bacteria and archaea. Molecular vaccination in prokaryotes is achieved by integrating short fragments of foreign nucleic acids into a repetitive locus in the host chromosome known as a CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat). Here we review the mechanisms of CRISPR-mediated immunity and discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of these adaptive defense systems.
Analyzing the memory of BLSTM Neural Networks for enhanced emotion classification in dyadic spoken interactions (2012)

Recent studies indicate that bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) recurrent neural networks are well-suited for automatic emotion recognition systems and may lead to better results than systems applying other widely used classifiers such as Support Vector Machines or feedforward Neural Networks. The good performance of BLSTM emotion recognition systems could be attributed to their ability to model and exploit contextual information self-learned via recurrently connected memory blocks which allows them to incorporate information about how emotion evolves over time. However, the actual amount of bidirectional context that a BLSTM classifier takes into account when classifying an observation has not been investigated so far. This paper presents a methodology to systematically investigate the number of past and future utterance-level observations that are considered to generate an emotion prediction for a given utterance, and to examine to what extent this temporal bidirectional context contributes to the overall BLSTM performance.
The α2-Macroglobulin of Human Plasma (1967)

The cYz-macroglobulin of human plasma was isolated from Cohn Fraction III-O by ultracentrifugation at a density of 1.065, followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation between 34 and 50% saturation and gel tiltration on Sephadex G-200.precipitation with zinc ions was an additional step for some preparations.The average yield of the purified an-macroglobulin was 39% of that present in Fraction III-O.The purity of the tinal preparation was shown to be approximately 98% on the basis of immunochemical determination.The only impurity detected was the yr,-immunoglobulin, which represented 1 to 3 % of the total protein.On paper electrophoresis only a single component was observed.Starch gel electrophoresis revealed a major band corresponding to the S LYZ of Smithies, and, in addition, a faint, slower band was observed.In the ultracentrifuge 94% of the protein sedimented with an stO,W of 20.6, and the remaining 6% of the protein was present in a peak with an &, of 30.8.The presence in these preparations of a component sedimenting more rapidly in the ultracentrifuge and migrating more slowly on starch gel electrophoresis suggests the occurrence of an additional physical form of the cYz-macroglobulin, which may be an aggregate.The carbohydrate composition of the purified protein, in percentage of the dry weight of the molecule, was galactose, 1.36; mannose, 2.07; N-acetylglucosamine, 3.94; N-acetylneuraminic acid, 1.80; and fucose, 0.26.From acetyl analyses on the native and sialic acid-free protein, it was found that all of the hexosamine occurred in the N-acetyl form and that there was approximately one acetyl group for each sialic acid residue.Amino acid and amide analyses indicated that all of the amino acids common to globular proteins were present in the cw*-macroglobulin.
A Novel Artificial MicroRNA Expressing AAV Vector for Phospholamban Silencing in Cardiomyocytes Improves Ca2+ Uptake into the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (2014)

In failing rat hearts, post-transcriptonal inhibition of phospholamban (PLB) expression by AAV9 vector-mediated cardiac delivery of short hairpin RNAs directed against PLB (shPLBr) improves both impaired SERCA2a controlled Ca2+ cycling and contractile dysfunction. Cardiac delivery of shPLB, however, was reported to cause cardiac toxicity in canines. Thus we developed a new AAV vector, scAAV6-amiR155-PLBr, expressing a novel engineered artificial microRNA (amiR155-PLBr) directed against PLB under control of a heart-specific hybrid promoter. Its PLB silencing efficiency and safety were compared with those of an AAV vector expressing shPLBr (scAAV6-shPLBr) from an ubiquitously active U6 promoter. Investigations were carried out in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CM) over a period of 14 days. Compared to shPLBr, amiR155-PLBr was expressed at a significantly lower level, resulting in delayed and less pronounced PLB silencing. Despite decreased knockdown efficiency of scAAV6-amiR155-PLBr, a similar increase of the SERCA2a-catalyzed Ca2+ uptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles was observed for both the shPLBr and amiR155-PLBr vectors. Proteomic analysis confirmed PLB silencing of both therapeutic vectors and revealed that shPLBr, but not the amiR155-PLBr vector, increased the proinflammatory proteins STAT3, STAT1 and activated STAT1 phosphorylation at the key amino acid residue Tyr701. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis detected alterations in the expression of several cardiac microRNAs after treatment of CM with scAAV6-shPLBr and scAAV6-amiR155-PLBr, as well as after treatment with its related amiR155- and shRNAs-expressing control AAV vectors. The results demonstrate that scAAV6-amiR155-PLBr is capable of enhancing the Ca2+ transport function of the cardiac SR PLB/SERCA2a system as efficiently as scAAV6-shPLBr while offering a superior safety profile.
Suppression and facilitation of auditory neurons through coordinated acoustic and midbrain stimulation: investigating a deep brain stimulator for tinnitus (2014)

These findings demonstrate that ICD stimulation can induce specific types of plastic changes in ICC activity, which may be relevant for treating tinnitus. By using the AMI with electrode sites positioned with the ICD and the ICC, the modulatory effects of ICD stimulation can be tested directly in tinnitus patients.
Toward Adaptive and Scalable OpenFlow-SDN Flow Control: A Survey (2019)

Software-defined networking (SDN) is an emerging network architecture that promises to simplify network management, improve network resource utilization, and boost evolution and innovation in traditional networks. The SDN allows the abstraction and centralized management of the lower-level network functionalities by decoupling the network logic from the data forwarding devices into the logically centralized distributed controllers. However, this separation introduces new scalability and performance challenges in large-scale networks of dynamic traffic and topology conditions. Many research studies have represented that centralization and maintaining the global network visibility over the distributed SDN controller introduce scalability concern. This paper surveys the state-of-the-art proposed techniques toward minimizing the control to data planes communication overhead and controllers' consistency traffic to enhance the OpenFlow-SDN scalability in the context of logically centralized distributed SDN control plane architecture. The survey mainly focuses on four issues, including logically centralized visibility, link-state discovery, flow rules placement, and controllers' load balancing. In addition, this paper discusses each issue and presents an updated and detailed study of existing solutions and limitations in enhancing the OpenFlow-SDN scalability and performance. Moreover, it outlines the potential challenges that need to be addressed further in obtaining adaptive and scalable OpenFlow-SDN flow control.
The Heterogeneous Collision Velocity for Hydrated Ions in Aqueous Solutions Is ∼104 cm/s (1996)

The heterogeneous collision velocity (vo, units of centimeters/second) is the average velocity of a solution particle toward a surface. vo thus defines the maximum flux of the particles to the surface. Einstein argued that vo in condensed phases and in gases may be deduced in a precisely analogous manner and that vo in aqueous solution therefore should be ∼104 cm/s (for particles with a mass of 100 Da). Values of vo for several aqueous monovalent cations (Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ and NH4+) were estimated from steady-state limiting current measurements through single gramicidin A channels spanning lipid bilayer membranes. The collisional and diffusional current components were separated by making use of the different viscosities of H2O and D2O solutions. The transfer of ions from the bulk solution to the channel entrance is modeled using a hemispherical entrance and an extension of the classical analysis of diffusion to a (hemi)sphere in which we relax the assumption that the jump distance (associated with three-dimensional diffusion of an ion in the bulk phase) be small compared to the hemispherical capture radius. Our estimate of vo agrees well with the prediction of Einstein. We therefore conclude that ion dehydration (only partially hydrated ions can pass through the gramicidin A channel) cannot be a rate-controlling stepa conclusion that is consistent with known rate constants for water exchange for these ions.
ZAP-70 Deficiency in an Autosomal Recessive form of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (1994)

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play an integral role in T cell activation and differentiation. Defects in the Src-family PTKs in mice and in T cell lines have resulted in variable defects in thymic development and in T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction. Here, three siblings are described with an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) in which ZAP-70, a non-Src PTK, is absent as a result of mutations in the ZAP-70 gene. This absence is associated with defects in TCR signal transduction, suggesting an important functional role for ZAP-70.
Blepharitis and Demodex spp. infection (2017)

According to the latest reports Demodex mites appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic blepharitis. Demodex mites are cosmopolitan and are present in many species of mammals. In this paper we describe two species that are found in humans: Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis . Infection occurs during direct contact with an affected person and also through contact with dust containing eggs of the parasite, through contact with bed linen, as well as cosmetics used together with an affected person. Treatment of chronic blepharitis caused by D. folliculorum and D. brevis is difficult and time consuming. Some improvement can be achieved after topical application of yellow mercury ointment, sulphuric ointment, camphor oil, crotamiton, cholinesterase inhibitors, sulfacetamide, steroids, antibiotics and antifungal drugs. Good results have been achieved with oral ivermectin and permethrin cream. However, the best results were observed after treatment with metronidazole.
Integrin-dependence of Lymphocyte Entry into the Splenic White Pulp (2003)

The steps involved in lymphocyte homing to the white pulp cords of the spleen are poorly understood. We demonstrate here that the integrins lymphocyte function associated (LFA)-1 and alpha 4 beta 1 make essential and mostly overlapping contributions necessary for B cell migration into white pulp cords. T cell entry to the white pulp is also reduced by blockade of LFA-1 and alpha 4 beta 1. The LFA-1 ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 is critical for lymphocyte entry and both hematopoietic cells and radiation-resistant cells contribute to this requirement. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 contributes to the alpha 4 beta 1 ligand requirement and a second ligand, possibly fibronectin, also plays a role. By contrast with the entry requirements, antigen-induced movement of B cells from follicles to the outer T zone is not prevented by integrin blocking antibodies. Comparison of the distribution of integrin-blocked B cells and B cells treated with the G alpha i inhibitor, pertussis toxin, early after transfer reveals in both cases reduced accumulation in the inner marginal zone. These observations suggest that chemokine receptor signaling and the integrins LFA-1 and alpha 4 beta 1 function together to promote lymphocyte transit from the marginal zone into white pulp cords.