gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Protein Enteral Feedings: A Means of Achieving Positive Nitrogen Balance in Head Injured Patients (1985)

In an attempt to improve early enteral nitrogen replacement, nitrogen status was compared in two groups of head injured patients receiving enteral regimens of 38 to 51 kcal/kg/day with different protein concentrations. Eleven control patients received 1.5 g protein/kg/day and 10 study patients received 2.2 g protein/kg/day. Daily nitrogen excretion, corrected nitrogen balance, blood urea nitrogen changes, and enteral formula tolerance were compared between groups over a 10-day period. Those receiving 2.2 g protein/kg/day had significantly higher daily and cumulative nitrogen balances despite their higher nitrogen excretion levels. Over 10 days, the study group retained 9.2 g nitrogen. By comparison, the control group sustained a cumulative loss of 31.2 g nitrogen over 10 days, despite a mean intake of 109 g protein/day. In both groups, full strength, full rate feedings were not possible until day 10 postinjury. These data indicate that once enteral formulas are tolerated high nitrogen regimens are required to achieve positive nitrogen balance in acute severe head injury patients.
Monoclonal anti-MM46 antibody:ricin A chain conjugate: in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. (1982)

Abstract In an approach to antitumor agents with improved tumor specificity, the ricin toxic subunit A chain was covalently coupled with a monoclonal IgG2b antibody directed against MM antigen, a tumor-specific antigen on syngeneic mouse mammary tumor MM46 cells (anti-MM46 IgG), using N -succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate as cross-linking agent. The conjugate thus prepared (anti-MM46 conjugate) showed potent dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MM antigen-positive MM46 cells in vitro and inhibited the cell growth at concentrations above 1 µg/ml. The immunological specificity was verified by the observation that anti-MM46 conjugate did not show cytotoxicity against MM antigen-negative MM48 cells. Neither nonimmune conjugate similarly prepared from mouse nonimmune IgG nor unconjugated anti-MM46 IgG alone exhibited cytotoxicity against MM46 cells. Anti-MM46 IgG still retained considerable in vitro complement-dependent cytotoxicity against MM46 cells after conjugation with ricin A chain. In Winn-type tumor-neutralizing assay in which C3H/He mice were inoculated i.p. or s.c. with MM46 cells preincubated with a test material, anti-MM46 conjugate showed greater activity than did anti-MM46 IgG. A markedly enhanced efficacy of anti-MM46 conjugate was also observed in therapeutic experiments. When a group of five C3H/He mice inoculated i.p. with 5 × 10 4 MM46 cells were treated with an i.p. injection of 1 µg of anti-MM46 conjugate on Days 1, 3, and 5, all five mice survived tumor-free, although those treated with 1 µg of anti-MM46 IgG died before Day 20 with a life span similar to those of mice treated with nonimmune conjugate or phosphate-buffered saline (control). Thus, the in vivo efficacy of anti-MM46 conjugate over anti-MM46 IgG alone was demonstrated by therapeutic experiments as well as by tumor-neutralizing assays. Although anti-MM46 conjugate showed no antitumor effect when injected i.p. to C3H/He mice bearing s.c.-inoculated MM46 tumor (inoculum, 4 × 10 5 ) on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7 at a dose of 10 µg, it inhibited tumor growth when injected intraregionally to tumor-bearing mice, suggesting that the conjugate is effective also to solid-type MM46 tumor if a sufficient amount of anti-MM46 conjugate reaches the tumor site.
Inhibition of miR-15 Protects Against Cardiac Ischemic Injury (2011)

Oligonucleotide-based therapies using LNA-modified chemistries for modulating cardiac miRNAs in the setting of heart disease are efficacious and validate miR-15 as a potential therapeutic target for the manipulation of cardiac remodeling and function in the setting of ischemic injury.
Pathologic features of senile macular degeneration. (1985)

Senile macular degeneration (SMD) has several morphologic forms that may exist singly or in various combinations. Patients with drusen are at an increased risk to develop SMD. Types of drusen that have been recognized clinically and histopathologically include hard or nodular, soft, glistening or calcified, and diffuse. Hard drusen are probably a consequence of extrusion of material from one or a cluster of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Soft drusen are a sign of more widespread disease of the RPE, develop in eyes with hard drusen, and represent small areas of serous detachment of the RPE and the thickened inner aspect of Bruch's membrane. RPE areolar atrophy can occur in the setting of hard and soft drusen and in larger RPE detachments. From the morphologic point of view, we propose that the process leading to disciform scar formation in SMD begins with thickening of the inner aspect of Bruch's membrane due to production of abnormal basement membrane by the RPE. This thickened area is weakly attached and allows the development of localized detachments (soft drusen). These localized detachments become confluent into large detachments of the RPE. Choroidal neovascularization occurs in association with diffuse and soft drusen and larger serous RPE detachments. Bleeding from neovascular tissue leads to disciform scar formation.
Prostaglandin F2α Stimulates Hypertrophic Growth of Cultured Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes (1996)

Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) stimulates protein synthesis of skeletal and smooth muscle cells in culture and is elevated in the heart during compensatory growth. We hypothesized that PGF2 alpha stimulates hypertrophic growth of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Prostaglandin F2 alpha increased [3H]phenylalanine incorporation by cultured ventricular myocytes in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 11 nM), suggesting action through a PGF-specific receptor. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed that PGF receptor mRNA is expressed in ventricular myocytes > A7R5 vascular smooth muscle cells >> cardiac fibroblast-like cells. The protein content of cardiomyocyte cultures was increased by 10 nM PGF2 alpha and 11 beta-PGF2 alpha but was unchanged by 10 nM PGD2, PGE2, PGF1 alpha, carbaprostacyclin, U-46619, or 12- or 15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. Stimulation of myofibrillar gene expression by PGF2 alpha was demonstrated by Northern and Western blot analysis for myosin light chain-2 (MLC-2) and by transient transfection experiments with MLC-2 luciferase expression plasmids. In addition, myofibrillogenesis was increased by PGF2 alpha as assessed by immunocytochemical staining with MLC-2 antisera. Prostaglandin F2 alpha did not affect myocyte proliferation or [3H]thymidine incorporation, thus myocyte growth occurred by hypertrophy. Proliferative and hypertrophic growth of cardiac fibroblast-like cells were unaffected by PGF2 alpha. We conclude that PFG2 alpha stimulates hypertrophic growth of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in culture and speculate that PGF2 alpha plays a role in myocardial adaptation to chronic hypertrophic stimuli, recovery from injury, and cardiac ontogeny.
Parental Atrial Fibrillation as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation in Offspring (2004)

Parental AF increases the future risk for offspring AF, an observation supporting a genetic susceptibility to developing this dysrhythmia. Further research into the genetic factors predisposing to AF is warranted.
A Simplified Implementation of Edge Detection in MATLAB is Faster and More Sensitive than Fast Fourier Transform for Actin Fiber Alignment Quantification (2011)

Fiber alignment plays a critical role in the structure and function of cells and tissues. While fiber alignment quantification is important to experimental analysis and several different methods for quantifying fiber alignment exist, many studies focus on qualitative rather than quantitative analysis perhaps due to the complexity of current fiber alignment methods. Speed and sensitivity were compared in edge detection and fast Fourier transform (FFT) for measuring actin fiber alignment in cells exposed to shear stress. While edge detection using matrix multiplication was consistently more sensitive than FFT, image processing time was significantly longer. However, when MATLAB functions were used to implement edge detection, MATLAB's efficient element-by-element calculations and fast filtering techniques reduced computation cost 100 times compared to the matrix multiplication edge detection method. The new computation time was comparable to the FFT method, and MATLAB edge detection produced well-distributed fiber angle distributions that statistically distinguished aligned and unaligned fibers in half as many sample images. When the FFT sensitivity was improved by dividing images into smaller subsections, processing time grew larger than the time required for MATLAB edge detection. Implementation of edge detection in MATLAB is simpler, faster, and more sensitive than FFT for fiber alignment quantification.
Full-field birefringence imaging by thermal-light polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography I Theory (2003)

A method for measuring birefringence by use of thermal-light polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography is presented. The use of thermal light brings to polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography a resolution in the micrometer range in three dimensions. The instrument is based on a Linnik interference microscope and makes use of achromatic quarter-wave plates. A mathematical representation of the instrument is presented here, and the detection scheme is described, together with a discussion of the validity domain of the equations used to evaluate the birefringence in the presence of white-light illumination.
p21-activated Kinase Links Rac/Cdc42 Signaling to Merlin (2002)

The neurofibromatosis type 2 tumor suppressor gene, NF2, is mutated in the germ line of NF2 patients and predisposes affected individuals to intracranial and spinal tumors. Moreover, somatic mutations of NF2 can occur in the sporadic counterparts of these neurological tumor types as well as in certain neoplasms of non-neuroectodermal origin, such as malignant mesothelioma and melanoma. NF2 encodes a 595-amino acid protein, merlin, which exhibits significant homology to the ezrin-radixin-moesin family of proteins. However, the mechanism by which merlin exerts its tumor suppressor activity is not well understood. In this investigation, we show that merlin is phosphorylated in response to expression of activated Rac and activated Cdc42 in mammalian cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that merlin phosphorylation is mediated by p21-activated kinase (Pak), a common downstream target of both Rac and Cdc42. Both in vivo and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that Pak can directly phosphorylate merlin at serine 518, a site that affects merlin activity and localization. These biochemical investigations provide insights into the regulation of merlin function and establish a framework for elucidating tumorigenic mechanisms involved in neoplasms associated with merlin inactivation.
Estrogen receptor as an independent prognostic factor for early recurrence in breast cancer. (1977)

The usefulness of estrogen receptor measurements in primary breast tumors in the prediction of early recurrence was examined in a series of 145 patients. The absence of estrogen receptor in such tumors was associated with early recurrence independent of other known prognostic factors such as axillary lymph node status and tumor size.
Flavor-cyber-agriculture: Optimization of plant metabolites in an open-source control environment through surrogate modeling (2019)

Food production in conventional agriculture faces numerous challenges such as reducing waste, meeting demand, maintaining flavor, and providing nutrition. Contained environments under artificial climate control, or cyber-agriculture, could in principle be used to meet many of these challenges. Through such environments, phenotypic expression of the plant-mass, edible yield, flavor, and nutrients-can be actuated through a "climate recipe," where light, water, nutrients, temperature, and other climate and ecological variables are optimized to achieve a desired result. This paper describes a method for doing this optimization for the desired result of flavor by combining cyber-agriculture, metabolomic phenotype (chemotype) measurements, and machine learning. In a pilot experiment, (1) environmental conditions, i.e. photoperiod and ultraviolet (UV) light (known to affect production of flavor-active molecules in edible plants) were applied under different regimes to basil plants (Ocimum basilicum) growing inside a hydroponic farm with an open-source design; (2) flavor-active volatile molecules were measured in each plant using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); and (3) symbolic regression was used to construct a surrogate model of this chemistry from the input environmental variables, and this model was used to discover new combinations of photoperiod and UV light to increase this chemistry. These new combinations, or climate recipes, were then implemented in the hydroponic farm, and several of them resulted in a marked increase in volatiles over control. The process also led to two important insights: it demonstrated a "dilution effect", i.e. a negative correlation between weight and desirable chemical species, and it discovered the surprising effect that a 24-hour photoperiod of photosynthetic-active radiation, the equivalent of all-day light, induces the most flavor molecule production in basil. In this manner, surrogate optimization through machine learning can be used to discover effective recipes for cyber-agriculture that would be difficult and time-consuming to find using hand-designed experiments.
Evaluation of cytotoxicity and radiation enhancement using 1.9 nm gold particles: potential application for cancer therapy (2010)

High atomic number (Z) materials such as gold preferentially absorb kilovoltage x-rays compared to soft tissue and may be used to achieve local dose enhancement in tumours during treatment with ionizing radiation. Gold nanoparticles have been demonstrated as radiation dose enhancing agents in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we used multiple endpoints to characterize the cellular cytotoxic response of a range of cell lines to 1.9 nm gold particles and measured dose modifying effects following transient exposure at low concentrations. Gold nanoparticles caused significant levels of cell type specific cytotoxicity, apoptosis and increased oxidative stress. When used as dose modifying agents, dose enhancement factors varied between the cell lines investigated with the highest enhancement being 1.9 in AGO-1522B cells at a nanoparticle concentration of 100 microg ml(-1). This study shows exposure to 1.9 nm gold particles to induce a range of cell line specific responses including decreased clonogenic survival, increased apoptosis and induction of DNA damage which may be mediated through the production of reactive oxygen species. This is the first study involving 1.9 nm nanometre sized particles to report multiple cellular responses which impact on the radiation dose modifying effect. The findings highlight the need for extensive characterization of responses to gold nanoparticles when assessing dose enhancing potential in cancer therapy.
Constitutive activation of a slowly migrating isoform of Stat3 in mycosis fungoides: Tyrphostin AG490 inhibits Stat3 activation and growth of mycosis fungoides tumor cell lines (1997)

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a low-grade cutaneous T cell lymphoma of unknown etiology. In this report, the Jak/Stat (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling pathway was investigated in tumor cell lines established from skin biopsy specimens from a patient with MF. Jaks link cytokine receptors to Stats, and abnormal Jak/Stat signaling has been observed in some hemopoietic cancers. In MF tumor cells, a slowly migrating isoform of Stat3, Stat3(sm), was found to be constitutively activated, i.e., (i) Stat3(sm) was constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine residues, and tyrosine phosphorylation was not enhanced by growth factor stimulation; (ii) band shift assays and immunoprecipitations of DNA/Stat complexes showed constitutive DNA-binding properties of Stat3(sm); and (iii) Stat3(sm) was constitutively associated with Jak3. The abnormal activation of Stat3(sm) was highly specific. Thus, neither the fast migrating isoform of Stat3 (Stat3(fm)) nor other Stats (Stat1, Stat2, and Stat4 through Stat6) were constitutively activated. The Jak kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin AG490, blocked the constitutive activation of Stat3(sm) and inhibited spontaneous as well as interleukin 2-induced growth of MF tumor cells. In conclusion, we have provided evidence for an abnormal Jak/Stat signaling and growth regulation in tumor cells obtained from affected skin of an MF patient.
Ethene−Norbornene Copolymerization Using Homogenous Metallocene and Half-Sandwich Catalysts:  Kinetics and Relationships between Catalyst Structure and Polymer Structure. 1. Kinetics of the Ethene−Norbornene Copolymerization Using the [(Isopropylidene)(η5-inden-1-ylidene-η5-cyclopentadienyl)]zirconium Dichloride/Methylaluminoxane Catalyst (1998)

The kinetics of the ethene-norbornene copolymerization using the [(isopropylidene)(eta5-inden-1-ylidene-eta5-cyclopentadienyl)]zirconium dichloride (iPr[IndCp]ZrCl2)/methylaluminoxane catalyst has been investigated at 70 degreesC in a concentrated solution of norbornene in toluene and an ethene pressure ranging from 4 to 60 bar (58-870 psi). The ethene reaction rate has been measured during the copolymerization process at varying reactant concentrations. The reaction orders and rate constants were determined and compared to the corresponding values of the ethene and norbornene homopolymerizations. It was found that kEhomo > kEco and kNhomo < kNco. The copolymerization parameters are r1 = 0.9 and r2 = 0.05.
Transforming Growth Factor Beta: An Autocrine Regulator of Chondrocytes (1989)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a ubiquitous regulator of cellular growth and differentiation. The present study investigated the effects of TGF-beta on chick growth plate chondrocyte proliferation, matrix synthesis, and alkaline phosphatase activity in short term cultures. TGF-beta markedly stimulated DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner, while collagen synthesis and cellular and matrix vesicle alkaline phosphatase activity were inhibited. Biologic effects of TGF-beta were correlated with binding to specific receptors, and both high and low affinity receptors were identified. Countercurrent centrifugal elutriation was used to fractionate growth plate chondrocytes to obtain populations of cells in different stages of maturation (effectively from different zones of the growth plate). TGF-beta showed increasing mitogenicity with increasing cellular maturation in the growth plate, with maximal stimulation in the proliferating and early hypertrophic cells. The smallest cells expressed only the high affinity receptor, while with hypertrophy there was increasing expression of the low affinity receptor and a progressive increase in the number of both receptors per cell. Furthermore, the dose-response curves for TGF-beta-stimulated DNA synthesis were not biphasic in the smaller cells, but became progressively more biphasic with cellular hypertrophy and expression of the low affinity receptor. Finally, TGF-beta activity was identified in partially purified chondrocyte conditioned medium by specific bioassay, indicating TGF-beta production by growth plate chondrocytes. The data suggests a potentially important autocrine function for TGF-beta in modulating chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis in endochondral calcification.
Antibody targeting to bacterial cells using receptor-specific ligands (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntibody targeting to bacterial cells using receptor-specific ligandsCarolyn R. Bertozzi and Mark D. BednarskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 6, 2242–2245Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00032a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00032a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views850Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel antibacterial agents for the treatment of serious Gram-positive infections (2003)

With the continuing development of clinical drug resistance among bacteria and the advent of resistance to the recently released agents quinupristin-dalfopristin and linezolid, the need for new, effective agents to treat multi-drug-resistant Gram-positive infections remains important. This review focuses on agents presently in clinical development for the treatment of serious multidrug-resistant staphylococcal, enterococcal and pneumococcal infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Agents to be discussed that affect the prokaryotic cell wall include the antimethicillin-resistant S. aureus cephalosporins BAL9141 and RWJ-54428, the glycopeptides oritavancin and dalbavancin and the lipopeptide daptomycin. Topoisomerase inhibitors include the fluoroquinolones gemifloxacin, sitafloxacin and garenoxacin. Protein synthesis inhibitors are represented by the ketolides telithromycin and cethromycin, the oxazolidinones and the glycylcycline tigecycline. Although each of these compounds has demonstrated antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens, their final regulatory approval will depend on an acceptable clinical safety profile.
C‐reactive protein is an informative predictor of renal cell carcinoma‐specific mortality (2007)

CRP represents an informative predictor of RCC-SM. Its routine use could allow better risk stratification and risk-adjusted follow-up of RCC patients.
A visual design environment (1993)

This paper describes an approach to hardware design that combines the graphical nature of schematic design systems with the high-level design methodology of hardware description languages. We have developed an environment for the design of electronic systems based on a visual hardware description language. The Visual Design Environment with Objects (or ViDEO environment) allows the user to construct a design as a graphical program in the vVHDL visual hardware description language. The graphical design can be compiled into a standardized representation, analyzed and simulated.