gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ICOS‐mediated signaling regulates cytokine production by human T cells and provides a unique signal to selectively control the clonal expansion of Th2 helper cells (2004)

The CD28 homologue inducible costimulator (ICOS) has been demonstrated to regulate a number of T cell-dependent immune responses in vivo. However, the expression and functional importance of ICOS during APC-Th cell interaction in the human is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that ICOS-mediated signaling plays an important role in the production of selective cytokines during both primary and subsequent Th cell responses upon allospecific or superantigen activation. In contrast, ICOS does not play a role in the differentiation of naive cells into Th1 or Th2 effector cells, nor does it determine the type of effector function of memory cells upon subsequent allogeneic challenge. In addition, our data demonstrate that ICOS provides a novel and unique role in regulating DC-mediated Th2, but not Th1 cell clonal expansion. These data suggest that ICOS-mediated signaling plays a discrete role in the regulation of human T helper cell responses.
Type-Specific Persistence of Human Papillomavirus DNA before the Development of Invasive Cervical Cancer (1999)

A single positive finding of HPV DNA in a Pap smear confers an increased risk of future invasive cervical cancer that is positive for the same type of virus as identified earlier.
Amplification of a tandem direct repeat within inverted repeats of Marek's disease virus DNA during serial in vitro passage (1986)

DNA of the oncogenic strain BC-1 of Marek's disease virus contains three units of tandem direct repeats with 132 base pairs in the terminal repeat and internal repeat, respectively, of the long region of the Marek's disease virus genome, whereas the attenuated, nononcogenic viral DNA contains multiple units of the tandem direct repeats.
DNA sequence coding for an antifreeze protein precursor from winter flounder. (1982)

A cDNA made to antifreeze protein mRNA of the winter flounder was cloned in the plasmid pBR322 and its sequence was determined by the method of Maxam and Gilbert. Its sequence codes for a precursor protein that is 82 amino acids in length. This precursor has both a signal polypeptide and a prosequence before the mature protein of 38 amino acid residues. The mature protein matches in composition one of the alanine-rich serum antifreeze proteins that was purified by ion-exchange and reverse-phase chromatography. The composition of the pro- sequence is similar to that of the native protein except that it contains five prolines. The mature protein, but not the pro- sequence, contains three of the 11-residue repeats previously observed [Lin, Y. & Gross, J. K. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 2825-2829] in two other antifreeze protein components.
pitx3defines an equivalence domain for lens and anterior pituitary placode (2005)

Hedgehog signaling is required for formation and patterning of the anterior pituitary gland. However, the role of Hedgehog in pituitary precursor cell specification and subsequent placode formation is not well understood. We analyzed pituitary precursor cell lineages and find that pitx3 and distal-less3b (dlx3b) expression domains define lens and pituitary precursor positions. We show that pitx3 is required for pituitary pre-placode formation and cell specification, whereas dlx3b and dlx4b are required to restrict pituitary placode size. In smoothened mutant embryos that cannot transduce Hedgehog signals, median pituitary precursors are mis-specified and form an ectopic lens. Moreover, overexpression of sonic hedgehog (shh) blocks lens formation, and derivatives of lens precursors express genes characteristic of pituitary cells. However, overexpression of shh does not increase median pituitary placode size nor does it upregulate patched (ptc) expression in pituitary precursors during early somitogenesis. Our study suggests that by the end of gastrulation, pitx3-expressing cells constitute an equivalence domain of cells that can form either pituitary or lens, and that a non-Hedgehog signal initially specifies this placodal field. During mid-somitogenesis, Hedgehog then acts on the established median placode as a necessary and sufficient signal to specify pituitary cell types.
Gaze estimation from multimodal Kinect data (2012)

This paper addresses the problem of free gaze estimation under unrestricted head motion. More precisely, unlike previous approaches that mainly focus on estimating gaze towards a small planar screen, we propose a method to estimate the gaze direction in the 3D space. In this context the paper makes the following contributions: (i) leveraging on Kinect device, we propose a multimodal method that rely on depth sensing to obtain robust and accurate head pose tracking even under large head pose, and on the visual data to obtain the remaining eye-in-head gaze directional information from the eye image; (ii) a rectification scheme of the image that exploits the 3D mesh tracking, allowing to conduct a head pose free eye-in-head gaze directional estimation; (iii) a simple way of collecting ground truth data thanks to the Kinect device. Results on three users demonstrate the great potential of our approach.
Decreased L‐selectin expression in CD34‐positive cells from patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (1996)

Abnormal adhesive interaction between bone marrow stroma and progenitors, one of the causes of unregulated proliferation in chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML), may be caused by some alterations in adhesion molecules on CML progenitors. We investigated the expression of adhesion molecules (CD44, VLA-5, VLA-4, LFA-1, ICAM-1, L-selectin and c-kit) on bone marrow CD34++ cells from 16 CML patients by three-colour flow cytometry. The mean percentage of cells expressing L-selectin in the CD34++CD38+(or)++ fraction from untreated CML patients was significantly lower, and that in the CD34++CD38- fraction tended to be lower than that from normal controls. Among 11 CML patients treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), the mean percentage of the cells expressing L-selectin in the CD34++CD38- fraction from three patients with a low percentage of Ph1(+) cells in bone marrow was significantly higher than that from five patients with a high percentage of Ph1(+) cells. In addition, L-selectin expression rate was inversely correlated to the percentage of Ph1(+) cells. There was no significant difference between the untreated patients and normal controls with regard to the expression rates of the other adhesion molecules in each CD34++ fraction except LFA-1. These data suggest that decreased L-selectin expression in CML CD34++ cells reflects one of the features of malignant CML progenitors.
Structural insights into the common γ‐chain family of cytokines and receptors from the interleukin‐7 pathway (2012)

Over the past 13 years, numerous crystal structures of complexes of the common γ-chain (γ(c)) cytokine receptors and their cytokines have been solved. Even with the remarkable progress in the structural biology of γ(c) receptors and their cytokines or interleukins, there are valuable lessons to be learned from the structural and biophysical studies of interleukin-7 (IL-7) and its α-receptor (IL-7Rα) and comparisons with other γ(c) family members. The structure of the IL-7/IL-7Rα complex teaches that interfaces between the γ(c) interleukins and their receptors can vary in size, polarity, and specificity, and that significant conformational changes might be necessary for complexes of interleukins and their receptors to bind the shared, activating γ(c) receptor. Binding, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of IL-7 and IL-7Rα show that glycosylation and electrostatics can be important to interactions between interleukins and their receptor, even where the glycans and charged residues are distant from the interface. The structure of the IL-7Rα homodimer is a reminder that often-ignored non-activating complexes likely perform roles just as important to signaling as activating complexes. And last but not least, the structural and biophysical studies help explain and potentially treat the diseases caused by aberrant IL-7 signaling.
Human tongue neuroanatomy: Nerve supply and motor endplates (2010)

The human tongue has a critical role in speech, swallowing, and respiration, however, its motor control is poorly understood. Fundamental gaps include detailed information on the course of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve within the tongue, the branches of the XII nerve within each tongue muscle, and the type and arrangement of motor endplates (MEP) within each muscle. In this study, five adult human tongues were processed with Sihler's stain, a whole-mount nerve staining technique, to map out the entire intra-lingual course of the XII nerve and its branches. An additional five specimens were microdissected into individual muscles and stained with acetylcholinesterase and silver staining to study their MEP morphology and banding patterns. Using these techniques the course of the entire XII nerve was mapped from the main nerve to the smallest intramuscular branches. It was found that the human tongue innervation is extremely dense and complex. Although the basic mammalian pattern of XII is conserved in humans, there are notable differences. In addition, many muscle fibers contained multiple en grappe MEP, suggesting that they are some variant of the highly specialized slow tonic muscle fiber type. The transverse muscle group that comprises the core of the tongue appears to have the most complex innervation and has the highest percentage of en grappe MEP. In summary, the innervation of the human tongue has specializations not reported in other mammalian tongues, including nonhuman primates. These specializations appear to allow for fine motor control of tongue shape.
Iniferter concept and living radical polymerization (2000)

Iniferters are initiators that induce radical polymerization that proceeds via initiation, propagation, primary radical termination, and transfer to initiator. Because bimolecular termination and other transfer reactions are negligible, these polymerizations are performed by the insertion of the monomer molecules into the iniferter bond, leading to polymers with two iniferter fragments at the chain ends. The use of well-designed iniferters would give polymers or oligomers bearing controlled end groups. If the end groups of the polymers obtained by a suitable iniferter serve further as a polymeric iniferter, these polymerizations proceed by a living radical polymerization mechanism in a homogeneous system. In these cases, the iniferters (CS bond) are considered a dormant species of the initiating and propagating radicals. In this article, I describe the history, ideas, and some characteristics of iniferters and living radical polymerization with some iniferters that contain dithiocarbamate groups as photoiniferters and several compounds as thermal iniferters. From the viewpoint of controlled polymer synthesis, iniferters can be classified into several types: thermal or photoiniferters; monomeric, polymeric, or gel iniferters; monofunctional, difunctional, trifunctional, or polyfunctional iniferters; monomer or macromonomer iniferters; and so forth. These lead to the synthesis of various monofunctional, telechelic, block, graft, star, and crosslinked polymers. The relations between this work and other recent studies are discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 2121–2136, 2000
Inhibition of Protein Palmitoylation, Raft Localization, and T Cell Signaling by 2-Bromopalmitate and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (2000)

The ability of the Src family kinases Fyn and Lck to participate in signaling through the T cell receptor is critically dependent on their dual fatty acylation with myristate and palmitate. Here we identify a palmitate analog, 2-bromopalmitate, that effectively blocks Fyn fatty acylation in general and palmitoylation in particular. Treatment of COS-1 cells with 2-bromopalmitate blocked myristoylation and palmitoylation of Fyn and inhibited membrane binding and localization of Fyn to detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs). In Jurkat T cells, 2-bromopalmitate blocked localization of the endogenous palmitoylated proteins Fyn, Lck, and LAT to DRMs. This resulted in impaired signaling through the T cell receptor as evidenced by reductions in tyrosine phosphorylation, calcium release, and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. We also examined the ability of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to inhibit protein fatty acylation. PUFAs have been reported to inhibit T cell signaling by excluding Src family kinases from DRMs. Here we show that the PUFAs arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid inhibit Fyn palmitoylation and consequently block Fyn localization to DRMs. We propose that inhibition of protein palmitoylation represents a novel mechanism by which PUFAs exert their immunosuppressive effects.
Ibuprofen Suppresses Plaque Pathology and Inflammation in a Mouse Model for Alzheimer's Disease (2000)

The brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows a chronic inflammatory response characterized by activated glial cells and increased expression of cytokines and complement factors surrounding amyloid deposits. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated a reduced risk for AD in patients using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), prompting further inquiries about how NSAIDs might influence the development of AD pathology and inflammation in the CNS. We tested the impact of chronic orally administered ibuprofen, the most commonly used NSAID, in a transgenic model of AD displaying widespread microglial activation, age-related amyloid deposits, and dystrophic neurites. These mice were created by overexpressing a variant of the amyloid precursor protein found in familial AD. Transgene-positive (Tg+) and negative (Tg-) mice began receiving chow containing 375 ppm ibuprofen at 10 months of age, when amyloid plaques first appear, and were fed continuously for 6 months. This treatment produced significant reductions in final interleukin-1beta and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels, as well as a significant diminution in the ultimate number and total area of beta-amyloid deposits. Reductions in amyloid deposition were supported by ELISA measurements showing significantly decreased SDS-insoluble Abeta. Ibuprofen also decreased the numbers of ubiquitin-labeled dystrophic neurites and the percentage area per plaque of anti-phosphotyrosine-labeled microglia. Thus, the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen, which has been associated with reduced AD risk in human epidemiological studies, can significantly delay some forms of AD pathology, including amyloid deposition, when administered early in the disease course of a transgenic mouse model of AD.
Sympathetic Skin Nerve Discharges in Relation to Amplitude of Skin Resistance Responses (1981)

ABSTRACT Sympathetic skin nerve action potentials were recorded in the median nerve of 5 healthy college students. A linear and significant correlation was found between the mean voltage amplitude of the sympathetic bursts and the amplitude of skin resistance responses (SRRs). Thus amplitude of skin resistance responses seems to be an index of sympathetic activity.
Effect of Oxidative Stress on Male Reproduction (2014)

Infertility affects approximately 15% of couples trying to conceive, and a male factor contributes to roughly half of these cases. Oxidative stress (OS) has been identified as one of the many mediators of male infertility by causing sperm dysfunction. OS is a state related to increased cellular damage triggered by oxygen and oxygen-derived free radicals known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). During this process, augmented production of ROS overwhelms the body's antioxidant defenses. While small amounts of ROS are required for normal sperm functioning, disproportionate levels can negatively impact the quality of spermatozoa and impair their overall fertilizing capacity. OS has been identified as an area of great attention because ROS and their metabolites can attack DNA, lipids, and proteins; alter enzymatic systems; produce irreparable alterations; cause cell death; and ultimately, lead to a decline in the semen parameters associated with male infertility. This review highlights the mechanisms of ROS production, the physiological and pathophysiological roles of ROS in relation to the male reproductive system, and recent advances in diagnostic methods; it also explores the benefits of using antioxidants in a clinical setting.
Active immunotherapy of metastatic melanoma with allogeneic melanoma lysates and interferon alpha. (2002)

Despite a low objective response rate, this combination holds great promise because of its tolerability and the high proportion of prolonged durations of remission or disease stabilization that it elicited.
Adaptive beamforming and power allocation for OFDM over wireless networks (1998)

The performance of a multiuser wireless network using OFDM, combined with power control and adaptive beamforming for uplink transmission is presented. An adaptive power control algorithm is exploited to achieve the desired signal to noise and interference ratio (SINR) at each subchannel and increase the power efficiency of the mobile transmitter. At the receiver side, the base station uses an antenna array to optimize the SNR-power efficiency, and attenuate the interference from other users dramatically. Therefore, we can achieve a better overall error probability with a fixed total power. A distributed iterative algorithm is used to jointly update the transmission power and the beamformer weights at each subchannel so that it can converge to the optimal solution for both power and beamforming vectors at each subchannel. The algorithm uses only the interference measured locally by the transmitter. Unlike most of the loading algorithms which optimize the bit distribution and subchannel power allocation for a single transmitter this approach tries to optimize the power allocation and decrease the interference for the whole network.
Management of nematode induced disease complex in seedlings of cauliflower (Brsassica oleraceae var. botrytis) using bio-pesticides (2013)

Experiments were conducted to produce bio-agent colonized seedlings using effective formulations of bio-agents viz., Trichoderma viride Pers., 1794 (CFU 2x106 /g), Pseudomonas fluorescence Migula., 1895 (CFU 2 x 108/g) and Purpureocillium lilacinum Luangsa., 2011 (Paecilomycis lilacinus) (CFU 2 x 106/g). Observations were made on evaluation of the compatibility of these bio-agents and their bio-efficacy against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita Chitw.) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans) on seedlings of cauliflower (Brsassica oleraceae var. botrytis). Significant increase in plant growth and reduction in disease incidence (Fusarium wilt) were observed. Formulations of bio-pesticides were used in combinations for production of organic seedlings of cauliflower. Treatments with combination of formulation of 3 bio-pesticides proved to be effective promoting plant growth with reduction in disease incidence of Fusarium wilt in seedlings satge. Seedlings were transplanted to pots under controlled conditions showed vigorous growth and were able to manage the disease complex caused by Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum. Results proved that these bio-agents were effective in sustainable management of disease complex in cauliflower.
Comparison of transcriptomic landscapes of bovine embryos using RNA-Seq (2010)

Our study demonstrates the power of RNA-seq and provides further understanding of bovine preimplantation embryonic development at a fine scale.
Occult Prostate Cancer in Men With Low Serum Testosterone Levels (1996)

A high prevalence of biopsy-detectable prostate cancer was identified in men with low total or free testosterone levels despite normal PSA levels and results of digital rectal examination. These data suggest that (1) digital rectal examination and PSA levels are insensitive indicators of prostate cancer in men with low total or free testosterone levels, and (2) PSA levels may be altered by naturally occurring reductions in serum androgen levels.
Efficient Synchronization for Nonuniform Communication Architectures (2002)

Scalable parallel computers are often nonuniform communication architectures (NUCAs), where the access time to other processors caches vary with their physical location. Still, few attempts of exploring cache-to-cache communication locality have been made. This paper introduces a new kind of synchronization primitives (lock-unlock) that favor neighboring processors when a lock is released. This improves the lock handover time as well as access time to the shared data of the critical region. A critical section guarded by our new RH lock takes less than half the time to execute compared with the same critical section guarded by any other lock on our NUCA hardware. The execution time for Raytrace with 28 processors was improved 2.23 - 4.68 times, while global traffic was dramatically decreased compared with all the other locks. The average execution time was improved 7 - 24% while the global traffic was decreased 8 - 28% for an average over the seven applications studied.
The MP3 revolution (1999)

While the Internet is changing the whole world, the combination of the MP3 format with the Internet is enabling powerful online distribution of music-revolutionizing the music world. Online music distribution offers advantages to both artist and consumer. As an artist, you can directly reach your fans over the Internet without paying the hefty price that music distribution companies take. As a consumer, you can buy precisely the songs that you want to listen to instead of an entire CD. In addition, you can quickly locate the song that you want to hear, by using PlayList software to organize your online music, rather than look for your CD in all the places that you could have left it. Finally, you can listen to that song anywhere that there's a good network connection without having to bring your audio CD with you. With these incentives, the music world is currently embroiled in fighting legal and technical battles to make online music distribution a reality. It all began with the new MP3 format. MP3 stands for: MPEG 1, Audio Layer 3, and is the audio part of the video compression standard defined by the Moving Pictures Experts Group. MP3 can encode data at a wide range of bit rates. In particular, for music, it achieves near-CD quality at 128 Kbps, or about 1 Mbyte per minute, and most MP3s you'll find will be encoded at this rate.
Stability of the Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37 in a Non-healing Wound Environment (2011)

The endogenous cathelicidin peptide LL-37 is strongly expressed at the wound edge early in the process of acute wound healing, but only weakly expressed in chronic wounds. Excessive proteolysis may limit the therapeutic usefulness of exogenous LL-37, especially in ulcers colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa that produce elastase, which degrades LL-37. This study investigated the stability of synthetic LL-37 against two types of proteinases in the presence or absence of wound fluid samples (diluted to 10-20%) from nine non-healing venous leg ulcers. Incubation of LL-37 (10 µg/ml) at 37°C for 6 h resulted in complete degradation by the serine proteinase trypsin (≥ 10 ng/ml), while no degradation was observed with matrix metalloproteinase-9. LL-37 susceptibility to trypsin was diminished considerably in the presence of wound fluid, and there was no apparent cleavage of exogenous LL-37 incubated in wound fluid for up to 24 h at 37°C even when using fluids from ulcers with resident P. aeruginosa (n = 2). In conclusion, LL-37 was degraded by trypsin, but not by matrix metalloproteinase-9, and was fairly resistant to proteolytic cleavage ex vivo by incubation with wound fluid from non-healing venous leg ulcers. Thus, the proteolytic environment of chronic wounds does not seem to prevent the therapeutic use of topical LL-37.