gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A compact fluorescence and white light imaging system for intraoperative visualization of nerves (2012)

Fluorescence image guided surgery (FIGS) allows intraoperative visualization of critical structures, with applications spanning neurology, cardiology and oncology. An unmet clinical need is prevention of iatrogenic nerve damage, a major cause of post-surgical morbidity. Here we describe the advancement of FIGS imaging hardware, coupled with a custom nerve-labeling fluorophore (GE3082), to bring FIGS nerve imaging closer to clinical translation. The instrument is comprised of a 405nm laser and a white light LED source for excitation and illumination. A single 90 gram color CCD camera is coupled to a 10mm surgical laparoscope for image acquisition. Synchronization of the light source and camera allows for simultaneous visualization of reflected white light and fluorescence using only a single camera. The imaging hardware and contrast agent were evaluated in rats during <i>in situ</i> surgical procedures.
Current concepts in the pathophysiology and treatment of aplastic anemia (2006)

Aplastic anemia, an unusual hematologic disease, is the paradigm of the human bone marrow failure syndromes. Almost universally fatal just a few decades ago, aplastic anemia can now be cured or ameliorated by stem-cell transplantation or immunosuppressive drug therapy. The pathophysiology is immune mediated in most cases, with activated type 1 cytotoxic T cells implicated. The molecular basis of the aberrant immune response and deficiencies in hematopoietic cells is now being defined genetically; examples are telomere repair gene mutations in the target cells and dysregulated T-cell activation pathways. Immunosuppression with antithymocyte globulins and cyclosporine is effective at restoring blood-cell production in the majority of patients, but relapse and especially evolution of clonal hematologic diseases remain problematic. Allogeneic stem-cell transplant from histocompatible sibling donors is curative in the great majority of young patients with severe aplastic anemia; the major challenges are extending the benefits of transplantation to patients who are older or who lack family donors. Recent results with alternative sources of stem cells and a variety of conditioning regimens to achieve their engraftment have been promising, with survival in small pediatric case series rivaling conventional transplantation results.
Presentation and Management of Pediatric Chiari Malformations without Myelodysplasia (1988)

Chiari malformations without myelodysplasia are rarely diagnosed in the pediatric age group. With current neurodiagnostic techniques, however, they are being seen more frequently. Unfortunately, the prognosis is not clear because publications have included a number of different entities, used a variety of surgical approaches, and lacked long term follow-up. Sixteen patients younger than 20 years were treated for Chiari malformations (without myelodysplasia) between 1975 and 1985. The average age was 11 years, and the average duration of symptoms was 20 months. The common symptoms were isolated motor weakness (56%), pain (37.5%), and sensory loss (25%). Frequently seen signs were motor deficit (81%), sensory loss (50%), scoliosis (50%), and cranial nerve palsy (50%). The surgical procedures used were foramen magnum decompression (3 transoral clivus odontoid resections and 15 posterior fossa decompressions with dural grafting), alteration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways at the cervicomedullary junction (plugging the foramen cecum and a 4th ventricle to subarachnoid shunt with posterior fossa decompression), and ventriculoperitoneal shunting (2 cases). In follow-up, 37.5% of the patients are asymptomatic, 50% are improved, and 12.5% are stable after an average follow-up period of 43 months. The asymptomatic group was younger (9.3 years) and had a shorter symptom duration (7.2 months) than both the improved (11.9 years, 16.4 months) and the stable groups (15 years, 20 months). Optimal outcome depends on complete evaluation of the abnormal CSF pathways and bony abnormalities at the craniovertebral junction. Operation is then directed toward correction of these abnormalities as delineated radiographically. Of our patients, 87.5% have at least shown improvement, which has been long term in all cases.
Nanomaterials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2008)

Energy storage is more important today than at any time in human history. Future generations of rechargeable lithium batteries are required to power portable electronic devices (cellphones, laptop computers etc.), store electricity from renewable sources, and as a vital component in new hybrid electric vehicles. To achieve the increase in energy and power density essential to meet the future challenges of energy storage, new materials chemistry, and especially new nanomaterials chemistry, is essential. We must find ways of synthesizing new nanomaterials with new properties or combinations of properties, for use as electrodes and electrolytes in lithium batteries. Herein we review some of the recent scientific advances in nanomaterials, and especially in nanostructured materials, for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
Studies on the Preparation of Bioactive Lignans by Oxidative Coupling Reaction. II. Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Methyl(E)-3-(4,5-Dihydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)propenoate and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibitory Effects of the Produced Lignans. (1994)

The oxidative coupling reaction of the hydroxycinnamate 11 derived from daphnetin has been investigated. The reaction with silver oxide afforded, after acetylation, a dihydrobenzofuran derivative 17 and a benzodioxane derivative 16a as major products accompanied with a small amount of a bis(benzylidene)succinate 18 and a dihydronaphthalene 19, while the oxidation with iron(III) chloride gave the dihydronaphthalene derivative 20 corresponding to 19. The reaction with potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) and Na2CO3 produced, after acetylation, 16a and 19 in lower yields. The propensity for product formation in the reaction of 11 is discussed in relation to data for the reactions of hydroxycinnamate derivatives studied so far. The obtained compounds were tested for inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate and rat liver microsomes. In the rat brain homogenate the five compounds showed inhibitory activity more potent than that of idebenone. Compounds 17 and 20 were then tested in rat liver microsomes, and found to be more potent than schizotenuin A and much more potent than (+/-)-alpha-tocopherol.
[Oral vaccination and vaccine-entrapped microparticle delivery system]. (2007)

In order to elucidate the physiological basis for mucosal immunity of oral vaccination and to present the essential carrier of microparticles or nanoparticles used to investigate the orally delivered vaccine, the features of antigen presentation and mucosal immunereaction in gut-associated lymphoid tissues were analyzed. Considered the morphological and physiological barriers of the gastrointestinal tract, absorption and transport of particulates were further discussed. And the studies about particulate dosage forms for oral vaccine delivery were also summarized in this review. Peyer s patches and M-cells, involved in immunoregulation, are significant areas performing the critical role in oral vaccine. The applied vesicle of microparticles could overcome the barriers of gastrointestinal tract. Oral vaccination was endued with new connotation, especially the enhanced transport and immunization efficiencies promoted by the lectin anchored particles. In conclusion, oral vaccination mediated by particulate carrier via mucosal immune system, would contribute to the site-specific triggering and signal magnification. For vaccines, the prospects for the application of these promising carrier systems might have potential attraction for scientific research and commercial development.
Ability of chronic wound fluids to degrade peptide growth factors is associated with increased levels of elastase activity and diminished levels of proteinase inhibitors (1997)

The stability of peptide growth factors exposed to fluids from healing surgical wounds and from nonhealing chronic wounds was examined in vitro. (125)I-Labeled transforming growth factor-beta1 or platelet-derived growth factor-BB was incubated with fluids from healing surgical wounds and fluids from venous stasis or pressure ulcers. Fluids from healing surgical wounds had no appreciable effect on the level of (125)I corresponding to intact growth factor. In contrast, incubation with fluids from several venous stasis or pressure ulcers resulted in significant degradation of these growth factors. Degradation was blocked by broad-spectrum serine proteinase inhibitors and by specific inhibitors of neutrophil elastase. Levels of elastase activity in wound fluids correlated with the ability to degrade peptide growth factors. Further comparisons showed qualitative and quantitative differences in the endogenous proteinase inhibitors, alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1-antiproteinase. These results could explain, in part, the variable growth factor levels which have been found in chronic wounds. More importantly, the ability of some chronic nonhealing wounds to rapidly degrade exogenously added growth factors has important implications with regard to past and future clinical attempts to use peptide growth factors to treat these types of problem wounds.
Expression Measurement of Many Genes Simultaneously by Quantitative RT-PCR Using Standardized Mixtures of Competitive Templates (1998)

Progress toward complete sequencing of all human genes through the Human Genome Project has already resulted in a need for methods that allow quantitative expression measurement of multiple genes simultaneously. It is increasingly recognized that relative measurement of multiple genes will provide more mechanistic information regarding cell pathophysiology than measurement of individual genes one by one or by methods that do not allow direct intergene comparison. In this study, previously described quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction methods were modified in an effort to provide a rapid, simple method for this purpose. Internal standard competitive templates (CTs) were prepared for each gene and were combined in a single solution containing CTs for more than 40 genes at defined concentrations relative to one another. Any subsequent dilution of the CT mixture did not alter the relationship of one CT to another. Because the same CT standard solution or a dilution of it was used in all experiments, data obtained from different experiments were easily compared. The use of multiple CT mixtures with different housekeeping gene to target gene ratios provided a linear dynamic range spanning the range of expression of all genes thus far evaluated. CT stock solutions were used to simultaneously quantify the expression of 25 genes relative to beta-actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in normal and malignant bronchial epithelial cells. Because the CT concentrations were known, data in the form of both absolute messenger RNA (mRNA) copy number and mRNA relative to housekeeping gene mRNA were obtained. The methods and reagents described will allow rapid, quantitative measurement of multiple genes simultaneously, using inexpensive and widely available equipment. Furthermore, the CT standard solution may be distributed to other investigators for interlaboratory standardization of experimental conditions.
Don Quichotte et le roman comique français du XVIIe et du XVIIIe siècles (1996)

Weich Horst. Don Quichotte et le roman comique français du XVIIe et du XVIIIe siècles. In: Cahiers de l'Association internationale des études francaises, 1996, n°48. pp. 241-261.
Cloning and Sequencing of a Human 18S Ribosomal RNA Gene (1985)

A clone containing an 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene has been isolated from a human genomic library constructed in lambda Charon 4A. This gene was sequenced and found to be 1868 bp long. The sequence divergencies in the human 18S rRNA gene and the previously sequenced mouse and rat genes are found in one G + C-rich region of 110 bp located in the 5' domain of the molecule. Except for this variable region, extensive homology exists among these three mammalian genes. Overall, the human 18S rRNA gene is 98.8% homologous with those of rat and mouse.
Charybdotoxin inhibits proliferation and interleukin 2 production in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. (1989)

We demonstrate that blockade of the lymphocyte voltage-gated K+ channel by charybdotoxin (CTX) inhibits lymphocyte mitogenesis. Charybdotoxin blocks conductance with a Ki of 0.3 nM and inhibits mitogen- and antigen-stimulated proliferation with a Ki of 0.5 nM. As opposed to the other blockers of the lymphocyte K+ channel, the inhibition of mitogenesis by CTX can be overcome selectively by exogenous recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2); endogenous levels of IL-2 in the culture supernatants of stimulated cells are decreased by the presence of CTX. Our results suggest that the voltage-gated K+ channel is either directly or indirectly involved in IL-2 synthesis and/or secretion.
Antagonistic Gcn5-Hda1 interactions revealed by mutations to the Anaphase Promoting Complex in yeast (2011)

Our data suggests large Gcn5 and Hda1 containing complexes may compete for space on promoters that utilize the Ssn6/Tup1 repressor complex. We predict that in apc5CA cells the accumulation of an APC target may compensate for the loss of both GCN5 and HDA1.
Signals, Regulatory Networks, and Materials That Build and Break Bacterial Biofilms (2009)

Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that live attached to surfaces. Biofilm formation has received much attention in the last decade, as it has become clear that virtually all types of bacteria can form biofilms and that this may be the preferred mode of bacterial existence in nature. Our current understanding of biofilm formation is based on numerous studies of myriad bacterial species. Here, we review a portion of this large body of work including the environmental signals and signaling pathways that regulate biofilm formation, the components of the biofilm matrix, and the mechanisms and regulation of biofilm dispersal.
Tapered Mode Multiplexers for Single Mode to Multi Mode Fibre Mode Transitions (2015)

Three-mode multiplexers were made by post-processing existing SMF-28 fibres. The input was three identical SMFs which were fused together and adiabatically tapered to form a multimode output core. The light was converted to the LP01 and two LP11 with low loss (0.6-0.7 dB). The mode multiplexers were broadband.
Effects of Polycrystalline Cu Substrate on Graphene Growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2011)

Chemical vapor deposition of graphene on Cu often employs polycrystalline Cu substrates with diverse facets, grain boundaries (GBs), annealing twins, and rough sites. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and Raman spectroscopy on graphene and Cu, we find that Cu substrate crystallography affects graphene growth more than facet roughness. We determine that (111) containing facets produce pristine monolayer graphene with higher growth rate than (100) containing facets, especially Cu(100). The number of graphene defects and nucleation sites appears Cu facet invariant at growth temperatures above 900 °C. Engineering Cu to have (111) surfaces will cause monolayer, uniform graphene growth.
Warum Pentose‐ und nicht Hexose‐Nucleinsäuren??. Teil II. Oligonucleotide aus 2′,3′‐Dideoxy‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐Bausteinen (‘Homo‐DNS’): Herstellung. (1992)

Why Pentose and Not Hexose Nucleic Acids? Part II . Preparation of Oligonucleotides Containing 2′,3′‐Dideoxy‐β‐ D ‐glucopyranosyl Building Blocks (7) This paper describes the preparation of the 2′,3′‐dideoxy‐β‐ D ‐glucopyranosyl‐( = 2′,3′‐dideoxy‐β‐ D ‐ erythro ‐hexopyranosyl)‐derived nucleosides of the five bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil ( = ‘homo‐de‐oxyribonucleosides’) as well as the synthesis of oligonucleotides derived from them. The methods used for both nucleoside and oligonucleotide synthesis closely follow the known methods of synthesis in the corresponding series of natural 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides and oligonucleotides. The efficient methods of automated DNA synthesis proved to be fully applicable to the synthesis of homo‐DNA oligonucleotides, the only change necessary for achieving satisfactory coupling yields being a slight lengthening of the coupling time. Homo‐DNA oligonucleotides with chain lengths of up to twelve nucleoside units were assembled on solid support either manually or on a commercial DNA synthesizer in scales of 0.4 μmol to as much as 200 μmol and were purified by either reversed‐phase or ion‐exchange HPLC to single‐peak purity according to both chromatographic systems (estimated purity &gt; 95%). The choice of the specific base sequences to be synthesized was determined primarily by the constitutional problems of base pairing that emerged from experimental observations made in the course of systematic studies of the pairing properties of homo‐DNA oligonucleotides. About 100 homo‐DNA sequences were prepared for this purpose. Their pairing properties will be described in Part III of this series; the present paper is restricted to the characterization of the purity and constitutional integrity of a few selected (single‐stranded) oligonucleotides by 1 H‐, 31 P‐, and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy as well as by FAB and time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy. The English Footnotes to Schemes 1–9, Fig. 1–12 , and Table 1 provide an extension of this summary.
Diverse strategies for tetracycline-regulated inducible gene expression. (1996)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Rapid prototyping of small size objects (2000)

The commercialization of new products integrating many functions in a small volume requires more and more often the rapid prototyping of small high‐resolution objects, having intricate details, small openings and smooth surfaces. To give an answer to this demand, the stereolithography process has started to evolve towards a better resolution: the “small spot” stereolithography technology allows to reach a sufficient resolution for the manufacturing of a large range of small and precise prototype parts. Microstereolithography, a technique with resolution about an order of magnitude better than conventional stereolithography, is studied by different academic research groups. The integral microstereolithography machine developed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne is described in this paper, and potential applications are presented. The resolutions of conventional, small spot and microstereolithography technologies are compared and the potential of the microstereolithography technique is shown for the manufacturing of small and complex objects.
Hardware-based view-independent cell projection (2002)

We present the first, view-independent cell projection algorithm for off-the-shelf programmable graphics hardware. Our implementation performs all computations for the projection and scan conversion of a set of tetrahedra on the graphics hardware and is therefore compatible with many of the hardware-accelerated optimizations for polygonal graphics, e.g. OpenGL vertex arrays and display lists. Apart from our actual implementation, we discuss potential improvements on future, more flexible graphics hardware and applications to interactive volume visualization of unstructured meshes.
Induction by Antigen of Intrathymic Apoptosis of CD4 + CD8 + TCR lo Thymocytes in Vivo (1990)

In order to examine the mechanisms by which clonal deletion of autoreactive T cells occurs, a peptide antigen was used to induce deletion of antigen-reactive thymocytes in vivo. Mice transgenic for a T cell receptor (TCR) that reacts to this peptide contain thymocytes that progress from the immature to the mature phenotype. Intraperitoneal administration of the peptide antigen to transgenic mice results in a rapid deletion of the immature CD4+ CD8+ TCRlo thymocytes. Apoptosis of cortical thymocytes can be seen within 20 hours of treatment. These results provide direct evidence for the in vivo role of apoptosis in the development of antigen-induced tolerance.
Determination of Uranium in Solution Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (1987)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was used to determine uranium in solution for possible application to process control in nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities. Pulses from a Nd: YAG laser were focused on the surfaces of the liquids in order to generate the sparks. The spark light was spectrally resolved and detected with the use of a time-gated photodiode array. The detection limit for uranium in 4 molar nitric acid was 0.1 g/L. Measurement precisions were 1–2% for a 4.2-g/L solution with the use of 1600 laser sparks, corresponding to a measurement time of about three minutes. A calibration curve was prepared that spanned uranium concentrations from 0.1 to 300 g/L. The effects of some experimental parameters on the analysis are discussed.
cDNA Cloning of Squalene Synthase Genes from Mono- and Dicotyledonous Plants, and Expression of the Gene in Rice (1997)

cDNA clones encoding squalene synthases were isolated from rice, maize and soybeans. A phylogenetic tree showed that the enzymes of monocots and dicots form distinct subgroups. In rice, squalene synthase mRNA was detected in tissues containing dividing cells and its level was repressed by illumination.
Human Growth Hormone as a Reporter Gene in Regulation Studies Employing Transient Gene Expression (1986)

The human growth hormone (hGH) transient assay system described here is based on the expression of hGH directed by cells transfected with hGH fusion genes. Levels of secreted hGH in the medium, measured by a simple radioimmunoassay, are proportional to both levels of cytoplasmic hGH mRNA and the amount of transfected DNA. The system is extremely sensitive, easy to perform, and is qualitatively different from other transient expression systems in that the medium is assayed and the cells themselves are not destroyed. The hGH transient assay system is appropriate for analyses of regulation of gene expression and was utilized here to investigate the effect of the simian virus 40 enhancer on the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter and the effect of zinc on the mouse metallothionein-I promoter. The expression of hGH can also be used as an internal control to monitor transfection efficiency along with any other transient expression system. All cell types tested thus far (including AtT-20, CV-1, GC, GH4, JEG, L, and primary pituitary cells) were able to secrete hGH into the medium.