gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Editor's Note (1995)

Donald J. Raleigh is professor of history at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. He is the author of Revolution on the Volga: 1917 in Saratov and is now at work on a sequel, "The Experience of Civil War: Politics, Society, and Revolutionary Culture in Saratov, 1918-1922." Professor Raleigh is also editor of Historians and Perestroika: The First Phase, editor and translator of A Russian Civil War Diary: Alexis V. Babine in Saratov, and translator and editor of E.N. Burdzhalov's Russia's Second Revolution: The February 1917 Uprising in Petrograd.
Parameterization of the glottal area, glottal flow, and vocal fold contact area (1984)

A new set of parameters is described for analysis and synthesis of glottal area, vocal fold contact area, and glottal volume flow. Parameters are all nondimensionalized and consist of an abduction quotient, a shape quotient, a phase quotient, and a load quotient in addition to fundamental frequency and vibrational amplitude. The parameters show promise in interpretation of electroglottographic, photoglottographic, and inverse filtered volume velocity waveforms in terms of the glottal configuration. Some comparisons between modeled and measured glottographic waveforms are made.
Automatic detection of dining plates for image-based dietary evaluation (2010)

An automatic detector that finds circular dining plates in chronically recorded images or videos is reported for the study of food intake and obesity. We first detect edges from input images. After a number of processing steps that convert edges into curves, arc filtering and grouping algorithms are applied. Then, convex hulls are identified and the ones that fit the description of ellipses corresponding to dining plates are determined. Our experiments using real-world images indicate that this detector is highly reliable and robust even when the input images contain complex background scenes and the dining plates are severely occluded.
Construction of non-binary quasi-cyclic LDPC codes by arrays and array dispersions - [transactions papers (2009)

This paper presents two algebraic methods for constructing high performance and efficiently encodable nonbinary quasi-cyclic LDPC codes based on arrays of special circulant permutation matrices and multi-fold array dispersions. Codes constructed based on these methods perform well over the AWGN and other types of channels with iterative decoding based on belief-propagation. Experimental results show that over the AWGN channel, these non-binary quasi-cyclic LDPC codes significantly outperform Reed-Solomon codes of the same lengths and rates decoded with either algebraic hard-decision Berlekamp-Massey algorithm or algebraic soft-decision Kötter- Vardy algorithm. Also presented in this paper is a class of asymptotically optimal LDPC codes for correcting bursts of erasures. Codes constructed also perform well over flat fading channels. Non-binary quasi-cyclic LDPC codes have a great potential to replace Reed-Solomon codes in some applications in communication environments and storage systems for combating mixed types of noises and interferences.
Functional genetic expression of eukaryotic DNA in Escherichia coli. (1976)

We have isolated a segment of DNA from the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) as a viable molecular hybrid of bacteriophage lambda DNA which, when integrated into the chromosome of an E. coli histidine auxotroph, allows this bacterium to grow in the absence of histidine. The nonrevertable, histidine auxotroph lacks the enzymatic activity of imidazole glycerol phosphate (IGP) dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.19). From genetic experiments, we conclude that expression of the segment of yeast DNA results in the production of a diffusible substance and that transcription necessary for the complementation is most likely initiated from the segment of eukaryotic DNA.
High efficiency Silicon-on-Insulator grating coupler based on a poly-Silicon overlay (2006)

A high efficiency broadband grating coupler for Silicon-On-Insulator waveguides was designed. The grating coupler is defined by locally adding a poly-Silicon layer on top of the existing waveguide layer structure prior to grating etching. Adding this poly-Silicon layer reshapes the grating structure which changes its diffraction properties. Coupling efficiencies as high as 78% at a wavelength of 1.55 mum are calculated and the optical 3dB bandwidth of the device is about 85 nm. The device layout is compatible with standard CMOS technology processing.
A survey of secure mobile Ad Hoc routing protocols (2008)

Several routing protocols have been proposed in recent years for possible deployment of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in military, government and commercial applications. In this paper, we review these protocols with a particular focus on security aspects. The protocols differ in terms of routing methodologies and the information used to make routing decisions. Four representative routing protocols are chosen for analysis and evaluation including: Ad Hoc on demand Distance Vector routing (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA). Secure ad hoc networks have to meet five security requirements: confidentiality, integrity, authentication, non-repudiation and availability. The analyses of the secure versions of the proposed protocols are discussed with respect to the above security requirements.
Deeply sequenced metagenome and metatranscriptome of a biogas-producing microbial community from an agricultural production-scale biogas plant (2015)

Sequenced at least one order of magnitude deeper than previous studies, our metagenome data will enable new insights into community composition and the genetic potential of important community members. Moreover, mapping of transcripts to reconstructed genome sequences will enable the identification of active metabolic pathways in target organisms.
35-GHz modulation bandwidth in injection-locked semiconductor lasers (2004)

In this study, we experimentally demonstrate that, by using the injection locking method, a modulation bandwidth of 35 GHz that is free from electrical parasitic effects is achieved in 1.3-/spl mu/m DFB lasers. In this experimental the output of the master laser is used to injection lock the slave laser, and that of the slave laser is sent to a detection system to measure optical and power spectra. Power spectra are obtained by using a photodiode and by displaying the signal on a microwave spectrum analyzer. Optical spectra are taken by using a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer. At bias current level, the intrinsic parameters of the slave laser are experimentally determined by using the four-wave mixing method. The enhancement in the modulation bandwidth is more than two folds.
Bone ossification and carcass characteristics of wethers given silastic implants containing estradiol. (1990)

Administration of growth promotants with estrogenic activity via hastening closure of the growth plate could have an economic impact on lambs because closure results in ovine carcasses being classified as yearlings. Twelve wether lambs approximately 12 mo old were given silastic implants filled with estradiol-17 beta and allotted randomly to be slaughtered 30, 60, 90, or 220 d after implantation to determine time of growth plate closure in relation to date of implanting. Seven comparable wethers not implanted served as controls. Four wethers implanted at 2 mo of age and slaughtered 220 d later also were included. Implanted wethers had serum concentrations of estradiol averaging 13.9 pg/ml over the 220-d implant period; controls averaged 2.7 pg/ml. Estradiol implants increased carcass maturity scores but fat deposition was not altered. Growth plate widths decreased (P less than .05) as wethers grew older and implants were in place for longer periods of time. Metacarpal growth plates in 12-mo-old lambs were completely ossified 220 d after implanting, but control wethers and wethers implanted at 2 mo maintained growth plate widths. Neither metacarpal nor metatarsal bone lengths differed (P less than .05) between control and implanted wethers. Growth plate ossification was not complete until 570 d of age in implanted lambs, even though bone length had stopped increasing by 408 d. Therefore, even though estradiol and other growth stimulants with estrogenic activity increase rate of ossification of the metacarpal growth plate, bone length or mature size is not limited.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Processing and Characterization of Infusion-Processed Hybrid Composites with In Situ Grown Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

Hybrid composite materials enhanced with aligned CNTs directly grown on fibers of woven cloths are fabricated by a vacuum-assisted resin infusion process for the first time. A vacuum-assisted resin infusion process can significantly build upon and expand the hybrid composite work already developed using hand-layup to a more scalable and relevant processing technology. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is used for growing aligned CNTs on the alumina fiber surfaces of woven fabrics, creating a nanostructured “fuzzy fiber (FF)” hierarchical architecture. The aligned CNTs grown in situ on alumina-fiber woven fabrics serve as interlaminar and intralaminar reinforcement. FF woven fabrics and baseline (wihout CNTs) alumina woven fabrics are formed on a mold plate, and an aerospace-grade resin-transfer molding (RTM) resin is infused into the laminates by vacuum-assisted resin infusion. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to characterize these composites. In these microphotographs, no difference in terms of void fraction (less than 1%) and overall distribution of CNTs and resin-fiber ratios are observed between the baseline and FF composites. CNTs are noted to remain on the surface of alumina fibers during the infusion process and are not observed in the excess resin pulled through the laminates. The effect of the CNT distribution within the FF composite is further assessed using electrical impedance spectroscopy testing in the in-plane and transverse directions. Employment of resin infusion process for FF woven fabrics should greatly simplify the development of new composite materials with significantly-enhanced mechanical and electrical as well as thermal properties.
Antagonistic Anti-urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) Antibodies Significantly Inhibit uPAR-mediated Cellular Signaling and Migration (2010)

Interactions between urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and its various ligands regulate tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Antibodies that bind specific uPAR epitopes may disrupt these interactions, thereby inhibiting these processes. Using a highly diverse and naïve human fragment of the antigen binding (Fab) phage display library, we identified 12 unique human Fabs that bind uPAR. Two of these antibodies compete against urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) for uPAR binding, whereas a third competes with beta1 integrins for uPAR binding. These competitive antibodies inhibit uPAR-dependent cell signaling and invasion in the non-small cell lung cancer cell line, H1299. Additionally, the integrin-blocking antibody abrogates uPAR/beta1 integrin-mediated H1299 cell adhesion to fibronectin and vitronectin. This antibody and one of the uPAR/uPA antagonist antibodies shows a significant combined effect in inhibiting cell invasion through Matrigel/Collagen I or Collagen I matrices. Our results indicate that these antagonistic antibodies have potential for the detection and treatment of uPAR-expressing tumors.
Identification and purification of glial growth factor (1984)

Cultured rat Schwann cells are stimulated to divide by a protein growth factor, present in extracts of bovine brain and pituitary, which we have named glial growth factor (GGF). Two lines of evidence indicate that GGF activity in both brain and pituitary resides in a protein of Mr = 31,000. (1) Four independently isolated monoclonal antibodies that immunoprecipitate the activity react with an antigen of this molecular weight in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels. (2) After SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of partially purified preparations, mitogenic activity on Schwann cells is recovered at this molecular weight. GGF has been purified approximately 10(5)-fold to apparent homogeneity from bovine pituitary anterior lobes by a combination of column chromatography steps and preparative SDS gel electrophoresis. Purified human platelet-derived growth factor, a molecule with properties similar to those of GGF, is inactive on Schwann cells and therefore appears to be distinct.
Folding and activity of hybrid sequence, disulfide-stabilized peptides. (1990)

Peptides have been synthesized that have hybrid sequences, partially derived from the bee venom peptide apamin and partially from the S peptide of ribonuclease A. The hybrid peptides were demonstrated by NMR spectroscopy to fold, forming the same disulfides and basic three-dimensional structure as native apamin, containing a beta-turn and an alpha-helix. These hybrids were active in complementing S protein, reactivating nuclease activity. In addition, the hybrid peptide was effective in inducing antibodies that cross-react with the RNase, without conjugation to a carrier protein. The stability of the folded structure of this peptide suggests that it should be possible to elicit antibodies that will react not only with a specific sequence, but also with a specific secondary structure. Hybrid sequence peptides also provide opportunities to study separately nucleation and propagation steps in formation of secondary structure. We show that in S peptide the alpha-helix does not end abruptly but rather terminates gradually over four or five residues. In general, these hybrid sequence peptides, which fold predictably because of disulfide bond formation, can provide opportunities for examining structure-function relationships for many biologically active sequences.
The critical role of ocular-infiltrating macrophages in the development of choroidal neovascularization (2003)

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is directly related to visual loss in some eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration. Although several human histological studies have suggested the participation of macrophages in CNV formation, the precise mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, we elucidated the role of ocular-infiltrating macrophages in experimental CNV using CCR2 knockout (KO) mice, wild-type mice, and C57BL/6 (B6) mice. CCR2 is the receptor of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and the number of infiltrating macrophage and the area of CNV were significantly reduced in CCR2 KO mice. Enriched ocular-infiltrating macrophages from B6 mice actually showed angiogenic ability in a dorsal air sac assay. Moreover, their expression of class II, CD40, B7-1 and B7-2 molecules, and the mRNA for potential angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, was also observed. Collectively, we conclude that ocular-infiltrating macrophages play an important role in CNV generation.
Improved use of the carry-save representation for the synthesis of complex arithmetic circuits (2005)

The increasing importance of datapath circuits in complex systems-on-chip calls for special arithmetic optimisations. The goal is to achieve automatically the handcrafted results which escape classic logic optimisations. Some work has been done in the recent years to infer the use of the carry-save representation in the synthesis of arithmetic circuits. Yet, many cases of practical interest cannot be handled due to the scattering of logic operations among the arithmetic ones - especially in arithmetic computations which are originally described at the bit level in high-level languages such as C. We therefore introduce an algorithm to restructure dataflow graphs so that they can be synthesized in high-quality arithmetic circuits, close, to those that an expert designer would conceive. On typical embedded software benchmarks which could be advantageously implemented with hardware accelerators, our technique always reduces tangibly the critical path by up to 46% and generally achieves the quality of manual implementations. In many cases, our algorithm also manages to reduce the cell area by up to 10-20%.
[Hemorheology: blood flow hematology]. (1995)

Hemorheology deals with interactions between blood flow and hematology, some of which are discussed in this review. In arteries erythrocytes flow in the centre, while platelet-rich plasma flows along the vessel wall. Blood viscosity is determined by hematocrit, erythrocyte aggregation and deformation, and plasma viscosity. A hyperviscosity syndrome is most often seen when plasma viscosity is severely increased by paraproteinemia. Among the blood cells erythrocytes are most relevant. Their membrane skeleton provides them with an astonishing deformability and stability. Defects in the membrane skeleton lead to hemolytic anemia: in the case of a deficiency in the attachment of the skeleton to the lipid bilayer, spherocytosis develops, while in the case of defects within the skeleton with lateral instability, elliptocytosis or poikilocytosis develops. Sickle cell disease is a classic example of a hemorheological disorder with microcirculatory plugging by irreversibly sickled erythrocytes and abnormal adhesion of deformable sickle cells to venular endothelium. Leukocytes are much less deformable than erythrocytes, which is even aggravated when neutrophils are activated. When present in large numbers, leukocytes may cause the leukostasis syndrome, a plugging of the microcirculation. Neutrophils are capable of leaving the flowing blood by selectin-mediated rolling on venular endothelium followed by firm adhesion through integrins, which is a prerequisite for diapedesis. High shear forces induce platelet aggregation. Thus the composition of a thrombus depends on local flow conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Orthogonal Security With Cipherbase (2013)

This paper describes the design of the Cipherbase system. Cipherbase is a full-fledged SQL database system that achieves high performance and high data confidentiality by storing and processing strongly encrypted data. The Cipherbase system incorporates customized trusted hardware, extending Microsoft’s SQL Server for efficient execution of queries using both secure hardware and commodity servers. This paper presents the design of the Cipherbase secure hardware and its implementation using FPGAs. Furthermore, this paper shows how we addressed hardware / software co-design in the Cipherbase system.
Fas-Mediated Suicide of Tumor-Reactive T Cells Following Activation by Specific Tumor: Selective Rescue by Caspase Inhibition (1999)

CD8+ T lymphocytes that specifically recognize tumor cells can be isolated and expanded ex vivo. While the lytic properties of these cells have been well described, their fate upon encounter with cognate tumor is not known. We performed reverse 51Cr release assays in which the lymphocyte effectors rather than the tumor cell targets were radioactively labeled. We found that melanoma tumor cells caused the apoptotic death of tumor-specific T cells only upon specific MHC class I-restricted recognition. This death was entirely blockable by the addition of an Ab directed against the Fas death receptor (APO-1, CD95). Contrary to the prevailing view that tumor cells cause the death of anti-tumor T cells by expressing Fas ligand (FasL), our data suggested that FasL was instead expressed by T lymphocytes upon activation. While the tumor cells did not express FasL by any measure (including RT-PCR), functional FasL (as well as FasL mRNA) was consistently found on activated anti-tumor T cells. We could successfully block the activation-induced cell death with z-VAD-fmk, a tripeptide inhibitor of IL-1 beta-converting enzyme homologues, or with anti-Fas mAbs. Most importantly, these interventions did not inhibit T cell recognition as measured by IFN-gamma release, nor did they adversely affect the specific lysis of tumor cell targets. These results imply that Fas-mediated activation-induced cell death could be a limiting factor in the in vivo efficacy of adoptive transfer of class I-restricted CD8+ T cells and provide a means of potentially enhancing their growth in vitro as well as their function in vivo.
Growth of Facet‐Free Selective Silicon Epitaxy at Low Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure (1991)

Epitaxial silicon has been deposited selectively in an atmospheric pressure system at temperatures from 850 down to 600°C. Si was deposited by the hydrogen reduction of dichlorosilane in an ultraclean system using a loadlock and purified gases. Water and oxygen impurities in the hydrogen carrier gas were found to block or degrade epitaxial growth when not removed by a purifier. The growth rate at 750°C is 16 nm/min and is strongly activated with temperature. The epitaxial layers are free of faceting adjacent to oxide islands aligned along both the <110> and <100> directions.
Ryanodine Receptor Regulation by Intramolecular Interaction between Cytoplasmic and Transmembrane Domains (2004)

Ryanodine receptors (RyR) function as Ca(2+) channels that regulate Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores to control a diverse array of cellular processes. The massive cytoplasmic domain of RyR is believed to be responsible for regulating channel function. We investigated interaction between the transmembrane Ca(2+)-releasing pore and a panel of cytoplasmic domains of the human cardiac RyR in living cells. Expression of eGFP-tagged RyR constructs encoding distinct transmembrane topological models profoundly altered intracellular Ca(2+) handling and was refractory to modulation by ryanodine, FKBP12.6 and caffeine. The impact of coexpressing dsRed-tagged cytoplasmic domains of RyR2 on intracellular Ca(2+) phenotype was assessed using confocal microscopy coupled with parallel determination of in situ protein: protein interaction using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Dynamic interactions between RyR cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains were mediated by amino acids 3722-4610 (Interacting or "I"-domain) which critically modulated intracellular Ca(2+) handling and restored RyR sensitivity to caffeine activation. These results provide compelling evidence that specific interaction between cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains is an important mechanism in the intrinsic modulation of RyR Ca(2+) release channels.
Epitope Identification and Discovery Using Phage Display Libraries: Applications in Vaccine Development and Diagnostics (2004)

Antigenic epitopes are the part (contact points) of an antigen involved in specific interaction with the antigen-binding site (the paratope) of an antibody or a T-cell receptor. Detailed analysis of epitopes is important both for the understanding of immunological events and for the development of more effective vaccine and diagnostic tools for various diseases. Identification and characterization of epitopes is a complex process. Although various methods have been developed in this area, there still lacks a simple common approach which can be applied to all epitopes. Since its first introduction more than a decade ago, phage display technology has made a major impact in this area of research. With the exponential growth in this area, it is impractical to review the entire literature detailing all possible applications. Instead, this review aims to focus on specific applications related to the discovery and identification of epitopes which have potential as vaccine candidates or can be used in disease diagnosis.