gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
α1β1 Integrin+ and Regulatory Foxp3+ T Cells Constitute Two Functionally Distinct Human CD4+ T Cell Subsets Oppositely Modulated by TNFα Blockade (2007)

The expression of the collagen receptor alpha(1)beta(1) integrin (VLA-1) on CD4(+) T cells is largely restricted to CCR7(-)CD45RO(+) cells that localize to inflamed tissues. Moreover, neutralizing alpha(1) integrin, in vivo, has been shown to compromise cell-mediated immunity. Our current study shows that the expression of VLA-1 on human CD4(+) T cells is restricted to conventional effectors. In contrast, Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs) do not express this receptor. Moreover, Foxp3 or VLA-1 expression remained a mutually exclusive event in CD4(+) T cells even upon polyclonal anti-CD3-induced activation. Because TNFalpha blockade ameliorates certain T cell-dependent autoimmune disorders in humans, we investigated, in vitro, whether neutralizing TNFalpha affected the balance between the proinflammatory VLA-1(+) effectors and the counteracting Tregs. We found that anti-CD3 stimulation of freshly isolated PBL from healthy individuals, coupled with continuous TNFalpha blockade, inhibited the typical activation-dependent generation of CD4(+)VLA-1(+) Th1 cells. In contrast, it augmented the outgrowth of VLA-1(neg/dim)CD25(high) and Foxp3(+)CD4(+) T cells. Indeed, repeated anti-CD3 stimulation coupled with TNFalpha blockade generated CD4(+) T cell lines enriched for VLA-1(-)Foxp3(+) Tregs. Importantly, these CD4(+) T cells displayed potent suppressive functions toward autologous CD4(+) PBL, including the suppression of the activation-dependent induction of VLA-1(+) effectors. Thus, we propose a novel mechanism by which anti-TNFalpha therapy may restore self-tolerance, by shifting the balance between VLA-1(+) effectors and Foxp3(+) Tregs, during immune activation, in favor of the latter suppressor cell population.
Radiation therapy for choroidal melanoma (1997)

Radiotherapy offers patients with malignant melanoma of the choroid an eye and a vision-sparing alternative to enucleation. The most commonly used forms of radiotherapy are ophthalmic plaque brachytherapy and charged-particle (external beam) radiotherapy. Unfortunately, after all forms of radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma many patients experience sight-limiting side effects, and an average of 16.3% of patients treated with radiotherapy subsequently require enucleation because of tumor regrowth or uncontrollable neovascular glaucoma. The severity, location, and incidence of radiation-induced complications are related to the type of radiation used, its method of delivery, amount of radiation delivered to normal ocular structures, the size and location of the tumor, as well as its response to irradiation. Current research is directed toward developing methods to reduce the amount of radiation delivered to normal structures, e.g., adding heat to radiotherapy. The true viability and metastatic potential of irradiated uveal melanoma cells has not been established, although clinical studies have reported local control of choroidal melanoma in 81-100% (mean = 92.8%) of cases. The purpose of this review is to present the world's experience with radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma, information that will contribute to patient education and informed consent.
Nuclear Receptor Coactivators: Essential Players for Steroid Hormone Action in the Brain and in Behaviour (2009)

Steroid hormones act both in the brain and throughout the body to influence behaviour and physiology. Many of these effects of steroid hormones are elicited by transcriptional events mediated by their respective receptors. A variety of cell culture studies reveal that nuclear receptor coactivators are critical for modulating steroid receptor-dependent transcription. Thus, in addition to the availability of the hormone and the expression of its receptor, nuclear receptor coactivators are essential for steroid-dependent transactivation of genes. This review discusses the mounting evidence indicating that nuclear receptor coactivators are critical for modulating steroid hormone action in the brain and in the regulation of behaviour.
Biodistribution of the Multidentate Hydroxypyridinonate Ligand [14C]‐3,4,3‐LI(1,2‐HOPO), a Potent Actinide Decorporation Agent (2015)

The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the (14) C-labeled actinide decorporation agent 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) were investigated in young adult Swiss Webster mice and Sprague Dawley rats, after intravenous, intraperitoneal, and oral dose administration. In all routes investigated, the radiolabeled compound was rapidly distributed to various tissues and organs of the body. In mice, the 24 h fecal elimination profiles suggested that the biliary route is the predominant route of elimination. In contrast, lower fecal excretion levels were observed in rats. Tissue uptake and retention of the compound did not differ significantly between sexes although some differences were observed in the excretion patterns over time. The male mice eliminated a greater percentage of (14) C through the renal pathway than the female mice after receiving an intravenous or intraperitoneal dose, while the opposite trend was seen in rats that received an intravenous dose. Metabolite profiling performed on selected rat samples demonstrated that a putative major metabolite of [(14) C]-3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) is formed, accounting for approximately 10% of an administered oral dose. Finally, to improve its oral bioavailability, 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) was coformulated with a proprietary permeability enhancer, leading to a notable increase in oral bioavailability of the compound.
In Vivo Patch-Clamp Analysis of IPSCs Evoked in Rat Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons by Cutaneous Mechanical Stimulation (2000)

To know a functional role of inhibitory synaptic responses in transmitting noxious and innoxious information from the periphery to the rat spinal dorsal horn, we examined inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) elicited in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons by mechanical stimuli applied to the skin using the newly developed in vivo patch-clamp technique. In the majority (80%) of SG neurons examined, a brush stimulus applied to the ipsilateral hind limb produced a barrage of IPSCs that persisted during the stimulus, while a pinch stimulus evoked IPSCs only at its beginning and end. The pinch-evoked IPSCs may have been caused by a touch that occurs at the on/off time of the pinch. The evoked IPSCs were blocked by either a glycine-receptor antagonist, strychnine (4 microM), or a GABA(A)-receptor antagonist, bicuculline (20 microM). All SG neurons examined received inhibitory inputs from a wide area throughout the thigh and lower leg. When IPSCs were examined together with excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the same neurons, a brush evoked a persistent activity of both IPSCs and EPSCs during the stimulus while a pinch evoked such an activity of EPSCs but not IPSCs. It is suggested that innoxious mechanical stimuli activate a GABAergic or glycinergic circuitry in the spinal dorsal horn. This inhibitory transmission may play an important role in the modulation of noxious information in the SG.
Cerebral Cell Adhesion Molecule: A Novel Leukocyte Adhesion Determinant on Blood‐Brain Barrier Capillary Endothelium (2000)

The tight junctions of the cerebral capillary endothelium form the highly restrictive blood-brain barrier. Migration of leukocytes across this unique barrier may involve ligation of elements in addition to those of the fenestrated capillaries of the peripheral vascular system. An antibody raised against a bacterial adhesive protein and shown to have cross-reactivity with brain capillaries and to block leukocyte migration into the brain was used to identify and clone a novel determinant on brain microvessels. This cDNA was sequenced, and the expressed protein supported leukocyte adhesion in a CD18-dependent fashion. The high level of brain microvessel expression of this adhesion molecule, termed the cerebral cell adhesion molecule, implicates it in leukocyte transmigration across the blood-brain barrier.
Immunogenicity and Efficacy ofCryptococcus neoformansCapsular Polysaccharide Glucuronoxylomannan Peptide Mimotope-Protein Conjugates in Human Immunoglobulin Transgenic Mice (2003)

Peptide mimotopes of capsular polysaccharides have been proposed as antigens for vaccines against encapsulated pathogens. In this study, we determined the antibody response to and efficacy of P13, a peptide mimetic of the Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), in mice that produce human antibodies. P13 was conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) or diphtheria toxoid (DT) and administered subcutaneously in Alhydrogel with or without CpG to mice transgenic for human immunoglobulin loci (XenoMouse mice) and expressing either immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) (G2 mice) or IgG4 (G4 mice). Mice were vaccinated and revaccinated two or three times. The serum antibody responses of the mice to GXM and P13 and antibody idiotype expression were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that both P13-TT and P13-DT were antigenic, inducing a mimetic response to P13 in both G2 and G4 mice, and immunogenic, inducing a mimotope response including VH3 (idiotype)-positive antibodies to GXM in G2 but not G4 mice. CpG led to higher titers of IgG to P13 and GXM in P13-TT-vaccinated G2 mice. C. neoformans challenge of P13-protein conjugate-vaccinated and control G2 mice induced anamnestic IgG- and VH3-positive responses to GXM and was associated with a significantly decreased risk of death and a prolongation of survival in P13-DT-vaccinated mice compared to phosphate-buffered saline-treated or protein carrier-vaccinated mice. These findings reveal that P13 elicited a human antibody response with VH3 expression in human immunoglobulin transgenic mice that has been observed for human antibodies to GXM and support the concept that peptide mimotope-based vaccines may hold promise for the treatment of C. neoformans infections.
One Step Growth of Protein Antifouling Surfaces:  Monolayers of Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) Derivatives on Oxidized and Hydrogen-Passivated Silicon Surfaces (2006)

We compare two routes for creating protein adsorption-resistant self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) by chemical modification of silicon surfaces with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) oligomeric derivatives. The first route involves the assembly of 2-methyl[(polyethyleneoxy)propyl]trichlorosilane (Cl3SiMPEO) films onto oxidized silicon surfaces (OH-SiO(x)) either by a liquid-phase process at room temperature or by a gas-phase process at 423 K, producing Si-O-Si bonds between the substrate and the organic layer. The second pathway makes use of the assembly of poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether) (MPEG) films onto hydrogen-passivated silicon surfaces (H-Si) using a liquid-phase process at 353 or 423 K, leading to the formation of Si-O-C bonds between the substrate and the organic layer. Structural investigation by X-ray reflectometry (XRR) reveals that the thickness and surface densities of the grafted PEO monolayers strongly depend on experimental conditions such as temperature and grafting time. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that very smooth and homogeneous monolayers can be obtained with average roughnesses close to those measured on the corresponding bare substrates. Finally, the antifouling properties of the modified silicon surfaces were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), using a membrane protein (P.69 antigen) as model protein. Both types of PEO monolayers exhibit excellent protein repellency, as soon as the grafting density is equal to or higher than 1.7 chains/nm2.
The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor miglustat in the rat (2007)

Miglustat (Zavesca) is a reversible inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase, which catalyses the first step in the glucosylceramide biosynthetic pathway, and is approved for therapy in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease. The present report describes the pharmacokinetic profile of miglustat in the rat with a focus on tissue distribution. Experiments were performed with radiolabeled miglustat itself and with a perbutyrated prodrug, the latter being readily converted to miglustat during gastrointestinal absorption and first pass metabolism. Miglustat was well absorbed and exhibited an oral bioavailability of 40-60%. Tissue distribution studies indicated the presence of miglustat in a number of organs and tissues that are considered of importance for the long-term therapeutic benefit, in particular the central nervous system, bone and lung. Miglustat was eliminated via renal clearance by a combination of glomerular filtration and active secretion. Hepatic clearance was negligible, as was the role of metabolism in the overall elimination process of miglustat in the rat.
MISMATCH REPAIR IN REPLICATION FIDELITY, GENETIC RECOMBINATION, AND CANCER BIOLOGY (1996)

Mismatch repair stabilizes the cellular genome by correcting DNA replication errors and by blocking recombination events between divergent DNA sequences. The reaction responsible for strand-specific correction of mispaired bases has been highly conserved during evolution, and homologs of bacterial MutS and MutL, which play key roles in mismatch recognition and initiation of repair, have been identified in yeast and mammalian cells. Inactivation of genes encoding these activities results in a large increase in spontaneous mutability, and in the case of mice and men, predisposition to tumor development.
Synthetic Methodologies for C-Nucleosides (2004)

The study and synthesis of C-nucleosides has been extensive owing to their biological activity and potential as drug candidates for antiviral and anticancer therapy. Numerous synthetic strategies have also been investigated in order to optimize yields and stereoselectivity in the glycosylation reaction. Here we review one class of synthetic methods, direct condensation of a pre-formed aglycon unit with an appropriate sugar component.
Phytoalexin Induction in French Bean (1983)

Treatment of hypocotyl sections or cell suspension cultures of dwarf French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with an abiotic elicitor (denatured ribonuclease A) resulted in increased extractable activity of the enzyme l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. This induction could be transmitted from treated cells through a dialysis membrane to cells which were not in direct contact with the elicitor. In hypocotyl sections, induction of isoflavonoid phytoalexin accumulation was also transmitted across a dialysis membrane, although levels of insoluble, lignin-like phenolic material remained unchanged in elicitor-treated and control sections. In bean cell suspension cultures, the induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in cells separated from ribonuclease-treated cells by a dialysis membrane was also accompanied by increases in the activities of chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase, two enzymes previously implicated in the phytoalexin defense response. Such intercellular transmission of elicitation did not occur in experiments with cells treated with a biotic elicitor preparation heat-released from the cell walls of the bean pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. The results confirm and extend previous suggestions that a low molecular weight, diffusible factor of host plant origin is involved (in French bean) in the intercellular transmission of the elicitation response to abiotic elicitors.
The Production and Action of Interferon in Chinese Hamster Cells (1976)

The interferon system has been investigated in primary cell cultures established from Chinese hamster embryos and new born pups. Interferon synthesis was induced with Sindbis virus, ultraviolet inrradiated Newcastle disease virus (u.v.-NDV) and with polyriboinosine acid-polyribocytidylic acid complex [poly (rI). poly (rC)]. Only u.v.-NDV induced significant production of interferon, maximum amounts being produced in 'aged' cells. Its apparent mol. wt. was 25000. CHO-KI cells, an established line of Chinese hamster cells, did not synthesize interferon in response to viruses, but were sensitive to its action.
EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA - DESAFIO ACADÊMICO PARA O SUL DO AMAZONAS (2012)

The formation of teachers for countryside education is a new public Brazilian politics that aims to compensate a historical debt to the formal educational system with this important dimension of the society that is the countryside population. This text is the registration of the theoretical and contextual aspects of the Educational Politics Project for the Countryside Education Course that needs to be offered in the south of the state of Amazonas in Brazil to deal with the necessity of the teaching system in the rural context.
Invasive Methicillin-Resistant <EMPH TYPE="ITAL">Staphylococcus aureus</EMPH> Infections in the United States (2007)

Invasive MRSA infection affects certain populations disproportionately. It is a major public health problem primarily related to health care but no longer confined to intensive care units, acute care hospitals, or any health care institution.
Functional characterization of the killer-helper factor responsible for the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes from thymocytes, and evidence for the nature of this factor as distinct from T cell-replacing factor (TRF) in regard to B cell triggering. (1981)

Abstract The functional relationship between the T cell-derived helper factor responsible for the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and for the triggering of B cells to form antibody-producing cells was analyzed. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) from PPD-stimulated Tbc-primed T cell culture contained both a killer-helper factor acting on CTL precursors and a T cell-replacing factor (TRF) causing B cell triggering. In the presence of the CFS, thymocytes generated efficient CTL responses against TNP-modified syngeneic target cells. Although CFS acts on thymocytes across the H-2 barrier, killer T cells that are induced act on the target cells in an H-2 restricted manner. Among the thymocyte subsets, peanut agglutinin-binding (PNA+) thymocytes were capable of generating CTL responses, this being contingent on the presence of factor. The T cells producing the killer-helper factor are sensitive to treatment with both anti-Lyt 1 and anti-la antiserum plus complement. Functional analysis of the T cell-derived factors mediating such activities revealed that killer-helper factor and TRF act on mutually distinct acceptor sites on the CTL precursors and B cells, respectively. This was substantiated by the facts that 1) thymocytes from TRF-nonresponder DBA/2Ha mice, whose B cells are genetically defective in the TRF-acceptor site, were able to respond to killer-helper factor and generate killer T cells, and 2) (DBA/2Ha × BALB/c)F1 male anti-BALB/c B cell antiserum, which contains specific antibody for the TRF-acceptor site on responder B cells, blocked TRF action on B cells but did not inhibit the activity of killer-helper factor in relation to CTL-precursors. Moreover, that these activities are mediated by functionally distinct molecules was indicated by the facts that 1) the activity of the killer-helper factor was lost after absorption with Con A-blasts from splenic T cells but not after absorption with splenic antigen-primed B cells, whereas TRF activity was absorbed out when using the latter but not the former cell type, and, 2) the CFS from TRF-producing monoclonal hybridoma T cells did not exert killer-helper activity. These results indicate that the T cell-derived helper factor responsible for the CTL response is distinct from the TRF responsible for B cell triggering, and that the acceptor sites for the respective factors are under distinctly separate gene control.
Memristor based carry lookahead adder architectures (2012)

In this paper, the material implication logic gate has been realized using memristors. A memristor can be used as a logic gate or a latch which is known as `stateful logic' [8]. All logic gate realizations have been presented using material implication. A new realization of two carry lookahead adder architectures based on material implication has been proposed. A performance comparison with conventional ripple carry adder based on material implication has been performed.
Development of Cancer Vaccine by Tumor Rejection Antigens (1997)

Identification of the MAGE genes allowed us the molecular approach to identify genes encoding tumor rejection antigens expressed on human cancer cells. MAGE-1 proteins are normal tissue antigens compartmentalized in the particular testicular cells playing an important role in the early phase of the spermatogenesis. The MAGE-1, -2, -3, -4 and -6 genes are preferentially expressed in many different cancers at both the mRNA and protein levels. The MAGE genes, particularly MAGE-1, became positive in relatively advanced stages of cancers and recurrent cancers. Approximately one-third to half of human cancers except for myelo-monocytic leukemia expressed at least one of these MAGE genes. The MAGE gene products shall be appropriate target molecules for development of new cancer vaccine.
Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences (2007)

Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences , Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Medical Technology D W Hill Medical Technology R Summers Chapman Hall 188pp £13.95 0-412-47090-X (1994)

Medical Technology: A Nursing Perspective is rather a misleading tide. Certainly, issues around medical technology are adequately addressed in a readable style that explains some complex issues in a user- friendly manner, but the nursing perspective, as suggested in the subtitle, fails to materialise.
Advances in protein microarray technology for protein expression and interaction profiling. (2001)

Protein microarrays address a great demand for high-throughput protein analysis techniques. Because protein microarrays detect many proteins in parallel, are quantitative, and have minimal reagent and sample consumption requirements due to miniaturization, they are potentially powerful tools for applications in basic and applied biology. Advances in manufacturing, protein immobilization and detection methods have enabled high-throughput protein quantitation and interaction studies. Protein microarrays can be applied to protein function studies, screening the production of antibodies and recombinant proteins, discovery of proteins implicated in disease or that are potential drug targets, and rapid detection or diagnosis of disease. A remaining challenge for the full implementation of protein microarrays in the acquisition of large sets of high-affinity and highly specific protein capture reagents.