gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large image support in digital repositories (2010)

Many universities, libraries, government organisations and companies are implementing digital repositories to collect, preserve, administer and distribute their collections via the World Wide Web. In the process of building these digital archives and collections, images such as maps are often are captured in an uncompressed, high-resolution format to preserve as much detail as possible. This process, of high-resolution archiving gives rise to the problem of providing the end-user with access to these large (high-resolution) images, such as maps. This dissertation investigates methods of storing and delivering large images over the Internet while limiting the amount of data being transferred; and also documents efforts to incorporate large image support within the DSpace platform.
Differential expression of BMP receptors in early mouse development (1997)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta family of polypeptide signaling molecules. They function via binding to two types of transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors, type I and type II receptors, that are both necessary for signaling. The expression patterns of the type II BMP receptor (BMPR-II) and three type I BMP receptors (ActR-I, BMPR-IA and BMPR-IB) were examined in preimplantation embryos by means of heminested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). BMPR-II mRNA was detected in one-cell, two-cell and blastocyst stage embryos. ActR-I exhibited a similar expression pattern. BMPR-IA mRNA however was only detected in blastocysts, whereas BMPR-IB transcripts were detected at all stages from the one-cell zygote to the uncompacted morula, but not in the compacted morula and blastocyst. If translated into proteins, this suggests that different receptor complexes can be formed at different developmental stages. Transcripts for BMPs were not detected in preimplantation embryos, but were detected in the maternal tissues surrounding the embryos. BMPR-II, BMPR-IA and BMPR-IB mRNAs were also detected in undifferentiated and differentiated embryonal carcinoma and embryonic stem cells. In postimplantation embryos BMPR-II transcripts were first detected from 6.0 days post coitum. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that BMPR-II mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in the entire embryo at least until midgestation.
Allele-Specific PCR in SNP Genotyping (2009)

The increasing need for large-scale genotyping applications of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in model and nonmodel organisms requires the development of low-cost technologies accessible to minimally equipped laboratories. The method presented here allows efficient discrimination of SNPs by allele-specific PCR in a single reaction with standard PCR conditions. A common reverse primer and two forward allele-specific primers with different tails amplify two allele-specific PCR products of different lengths, which are further separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. PCR specificity is improved by the introduction of a destabilizing mismatch within the 30 end of the allele-specific primers. This is a simple and inexpensive method for SNP detection that does not require PCR optimization.
The Behaviour of 2′-Deoxy-2′-Fluorouridine Incorporated into Oligonucleotides by the Phosphoramidite Approach (1989)

Abstract 2′-Deoxy-2′-fluorouridine has been chemically incorporated into an oligodeoxynucleotide of the structure 5′ACGGAX 3′ (X=U(2′-F)) using the phosphoramidite method and the behaviour of the product has been studied. 5′-O-Monomethoxytrityl-2′-deoxy-2′-fluorouridine was fixed on silica gel at the 3′-end and the chain elongated on a DNA-synthesizer using nucleoside methoxyphosphoramidites. After alkaline work-up two products were observed. One was found to be the desired fluoro containing hexamer, whereas the other corresponds to an araU-hexamer (X=arabino-furanosyluridine). The latter compound is supposed to be a product of alkaline hydrolysis of the C-2′-F-bond. The oligomers containing 2′-fluoro- and ara-U at their 3′-end were chemically sequenced by a solid phase method on CCS-paper which confirmed the right primary structure.
Receptors for estrogen and progesterone in breast carcinoma in situ. (1993)

In contrast to the situation in invasive breast carcinoma, there are only few reports on the levels of receptors for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) in pre-invasive (in situ) breast carcinoma. In the present study ER and PgR levels were analyzed in 57 in situ human mammary carcinomas using a quantitative enzyme immunoassay method. Intraductal carcinoma was the dominating histopathological subgroup (75%). Within this subgroup the non-comedo and comedo variants comprised 66 and 34 percent respectively. Intralobular and papillary in situ subtypes were the second most frequent subgroups, representing 11% each. Using a cut-off level of 0.05 fmole/microgram DNA to define receptor poor and rich tumors we found that thirty-one out of the 57 cases (54%) were ER-rich. In the ER-rich tumors the receptor levels varied between 0.05 and 6.50 fmole/microgram with a mean concentration of 0.80 fmole/microgram DNA. Fifteen of 51 (30%) tumors were classified as PgR-rich tumors in which the levels ranged between 0.05 and 2.90 fmoles/microgram DNA, with a mean concentration of 0.45 fmoles/microgram DNA. Two thirds of the non-comedo, lobular and papillary variant were ER rich. A majority (80%) of comedo tumors were ER poor. Our findings show that 54% of in situ breast carcinomas have the molecular prerequisites for response to antiestrogen therapy which is of interest when planning adjuvant treatment protocols.
A novel doxycycline‐inducible system for the transgenic analysis of mammary gland biology (2002)

Normal developmental events such as puberty, pregnancy, and parity influence the susceptibility of the mammary gland to tumorigenesis in both humans and rodent model systems. Unfortunately, constitutive transgenic mouse models that rely on mammary-specific promoters to control transgene expression have limited utility for studying the effect of developmental events on breast cancer risk since the hormonal signals governing these events also markedly influence transgene expression levels. A novel transgenic mouse system is described that uses the MMTV-LTR to drive expression of the reverse tetracycline-dependent transactivator rtTA. Transgenic mice expressing rtTA in the mammary epithelium were crossed with reporter lines bearing tet operator-controlled transgenes. We tested the ability to spatially, temporally, and quantitatively control reporter gene expression after administration of doxycycline to bitransgenic mice. Transgene expression using this system can be rapidly induced and deinduced, is highly mammary specific, can be reproducibly titrated over a wide range of expression levels, and is essentially undetectable in the uninduced state. Homogeneous transgene expression throughout the mammary epithelium can be achieved. This system permits transgene expression to be restricted to any desired stage of postnatal mammary gland development. We have developed a mammary-specific, doxycycline-inducible transgenic mouse model for studying the effect of mammary gland development on transgene-mediated phenotypes. Unlike other mammary-specific, transgenic systems that have been described, this system combines spatially homogeneous transgene expression in the mammary epithelium during puberty, pregnancy, lactation, and involution with the use of an orally administered, inexpensive, and widely available inducing agent. This system offers new opportunities for the transgenic analysis of mammary gland biology in vivo.
Localization of beta 1 integrins and their extracellular ligands in human lymphoid tissues. (1993)

In this study, we describe the immunocytochemical distribution of the beta 1 integrins (alpha 1 to alpha 6) and their extracellular matrix ligands in human peripheral lymphoid tissues. The results show that within these tissues individual beta 1 integrins are differentially expressed by (sub)populations of stromal cells, including reticular cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and sinus lining cells. The extracellular matrix components studied, eg, collagen I, III, and VI, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin, were predominantly associated with the stroma of the lymphoid tissues, and a unique distribution pattern was observed for each of them. Except for alpha 4 (and beta 1), low or no expression of the beta 1 integrins was found on lymphocytes, macrophages, interdigitating cells, and follicular dendritic cells. The results suggest that cell-matrix interactions play a major role in the maintenance of the complex spatial organization of the lymphoid tissue.
Resolvins (2002)

Aspirin (ASA) is unique among current therapies because it acetylates cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enabling the biosynthesis of R-containing precursors of endogenous antiinflammatory mediators. Here, we report that lipidomic analysis of exudates obtained in the resolution phase from mice treated with ASA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6) produce a novel family of bioactive 17R-hydroxy-containing di- and tri-hydroxy-docosanoids termed resolvins. Murine brain treated with aspirin produced endogenous 17R-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid as did human microglial cells. Human COX-2 converted DHA to 13-hydroxy-DHA that switched with ASA to 17R-HDHA that also proved a major route in hypoxic endothelial cells. Human neutrophils transformed COX-2-ASA-derived 17R-hydroxy-DHA into two sets of novel di- and trihydroxy products; one initiated via oxygenation at carbon 7 and the other at carbon 4. These compounds inhibited (IC(50) approximately 50 pM) microglial cell cytokine expression and in vivo dermal inflammation and peritonitis at ng doses, reducing 40-80% leukocytic exudates. These results indicate that exudates, vascular, leukocytes and neural cells treated with aspirin convert DHA to novel 17R-hydroxy series of docosanoids that are potent regulators. These biosynthetic pathways utilize omega-3 DHA and EPA during multicellular events in resolution to produce a family of protective compounds, i.e., resolvins, that enhance proresolution status.
Kernel independent component analysis (2004)

We present a class of algorithms for independent component analysis (ICA) which use contrast functions based on canonical correlations in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. On the one hand, we show that our contrast functions are related to mutual information and have desirable mathematical properties as measures of statistical dependence. On the other hand, building on recent developments in kernel methods, we show that these criteria can be computed efficiently. Minimizing these criteria leads to flexible and robust algorithms for ICA. We illustrate with simulations involving a wide variety of source distributions, showing that our algorithms outperform many of the presently known algorithms.
Experimental studies on the influence of surfactants on intestinal absorption of drugs. Cefadroxil as model drug and sodium lauryl sulfate as model surfactant: studies in rat colon. (1995)

The effect of sodium lauryl sulfate (CAS 151-21-3) on the duodenal absorption of cefadroxil (CAS 50370-12-2) has been investigated with the aid of a classical rat gut in situ preparation. Both compounds were entirely compatible in working solutions. Cefadroxil was found to be very stable and only slightly solubilized in the micellar phase. The apparent first-order absorption rate constants for the free antibiotic fraction were determined in free solution, and in the presence of variable surfactant concentration in luminal fluid. A functional interpretation of these data, based both on the law of mass action and the complete noncompetitive transport inhibition equations, showed that the surfactant acts as a nonspecific inhibitor of the carrier-mediated absorption of the antibiotic, but also as an enhancer of its passive absorption component. The net result was an outstanding reduction in the absorption capacity of cefadroxil when it was perfused at 0.1 mg/ml, i.e. far from its carrier saturation (from 3.0 h-1 in free solution to 2.0(-1) at high surfactant concentration, with a minimum of about 1.4 h-1 in the presence of the surfactant at 0.5 mg/mg in duodenal fluid). When cefadroxil was perfused at 10.0 mg/ml, i.e. with its carrier-mediated transport beyond the saturation, the net result was a progressively enhanced absorption (ranging from about 0.9 h-1 in free solution to 2.0 h-1 at high surfactant concentration).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mutual Information between Discrete and Continuous Data Sets (2014)

Mutual information (MI) is a powerful method for detecting relationships between data sets. There are accurate methods for estimating MI that avoid problems with "binning" when both data sets are discrete or when both data sets are continuous. We present an accurate, non-binning MI estimator for the case of one discrete data set and one continuous data set. This case applies when measuring, for example, the relationship between base sequence and gene expression level, or the effect of a cancer drug on patient survival time. We also show how our method can be adapted to calculate the Jensen-Shannon divergence of two or more data sets.
Television Frame Synchronizer (1975)

A new television frame synchronizer has been developed by employing the latest digital techniques to eliminate the problems associated with maintaining synchronization by the use of extremely stable rubidium timing standards, or with genlocking two or more sync generators. The synchronizer solves technical problems resulting from the handling of a nonsynchronous video signal from multiple remote sources and various studios, and it permits expanding program production techniques, as well as introducing savings in operating expenses. Eight-bit A/D and D/A converters are used with sufficient digital memory (approximately 3 megabits) and associated circuits. The resultant output signal is completely synchronized with the local reference sources in frequency and phase.
Decoupling cell growth and product formation in Chinese hamster ovary cells through metabolic control (2001)

The development of a strategy for the culture of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells producing tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is investigated. This strategy is based on the replacement of the main carbon source, glucose, by another compound that is slowly metabolizable, particularly galactose. The introduction of this change allows for acute change in cell behavior at various levels. Cell growth is stopped after this nutrient shift, and the cells can be kept in long-duration culture at a low growth rate and high viability as compared with a culture strategy based solely on glucose utilization. Moreover, the capability of cells to produce recombinant proteins (t-PA in this work) can be maintained over the entire period of galactose feeding. From the metabolic point of view, use of a slowly metabolizable carbon source (galactose) introduces important changes in the production of lactate, ammonia, and some amino acids. The use of this metabolic shift enables the generation of biphasic processes, with a first phase with cell growth on glucose and a second stationary phase on galactose, which is particularly suited to perfusion systems.
Interstitial 1.06 Nd:YAG Laser Thermotherapy for Brain Tumors Under Real-Time Monitoring of MRI: Experimental Study and Phase I Clinical Trial (1992)

This paper presents the experimental and clinical results of interstitial 1.06 Nd:YAG laser thermotherapy (ILTT) for brain tumors under real-time monitoring by magnetic resonance imaging. The authors chose a laser heat source for interstitial thermotherapy of brain tumors for several important reasons: (1) Laser heat delivery is less complicated and more controlled; (2) laser effects on tissue can be tested, monitored, and controlled by MRI. A 1.064 nm Nd:YAG laser and a specially designed laser optic fiber (ILTT) were used in C.W. mode this study. The laser was used at 4 W at a C.W. mode pulse and total exposure duration was 10 minutes (total energy was 2400 joules). Temperature distribution was determined with a microprocessor-based thermometer and by the levels of the signal intensity under MRI. The relationship between the temperature and MRI signal intensity allowed exploration of the possibility of using MRI as a noninvasive temperature monitoring method. Two patients with glioblastoma and one patient with a brain metastasis were treated with this modality. The results and indications are presented and discussed.
The pharmacokinetics of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the rabbit (1990)

The pharmacokinetics of the activated and latent forms of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) isolated from HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080 PAI-1) and a nonglycosylated form of human PAI-1 isolated from a yeast expression system (rPAI-1) were followed in the rabbit. As assessed by an immunologic assay specific for human PAI-1, guanidine HCI activated HT1080 PAI-1 and rPAI-1 entered the total plasma volume following intravenous bolus administration and exhibited a biphasic clearance pattern. The t1/2s of HT1080 PAI-1 for the initial and beta phases equalled 6.0 and 24.8 minutes, respectively. The t1/2s of rPAI-1 for the initial and beta phases equalled 8.8 and 34.0 minutes, respectively. Similar results were obtained by measuring PAI-1 activity in plasma and with trace amounts of 125I-rPAI-1, suggesting that the above pharmacokinetic behavior could also apply to endogenous PAI-1. The liver was the main site of rPAI-1 clearance. Unactivated, latent PAI-1 exhibited a very different pharmacokinetic profile. Over 80% of latent rPAI-1 cleared from the circulation within 10 minutes (t1/2 = 1.7 minutes). The difference in clearance behavior between activated and latent PAI-1 may be related to the ability of activated PAI-1, but not latent PAI-1, to rapidly form high-molecular-weight complexes with plasma binding factors which were observed in vitro and in vivo. Because PAI-1 could potentially tilt the fibrinolytic balance toward a prothrombotic state, its rapid clearance may represent an important control mechanism governing the circulating levels of this key component of the fibrinolytic pathway.
Research on the Design and Evaluation of a Control Loading System for Flight Simulator (2004)

본 논문에서는 기계적 링키지의 가역 (Reversible) 비행조종장치를 갖는 항공기익 조종간 조종력 재현 시스템 (CLS : Control Loading System) 개발을 목적으로 조종력 재현 장치 제어기 설계, 시스템 구성, 조종력 재현 장치 운용 환경을 구축하고 시험평가를 수행한 내용을 기술한다. 시스템 구성은 기계적인 외형부분과 힘을 측정하는 센서부분과 스틱에서의 반력을 재현하는 모터부분과 안전장치로 되어 있다. 하드웨어와 PC간의 입출력 신호 연결 및 제이기로 dSpace 사의 DS1103 DSP장치를 사용하였다. 대상항공기 (KT-1)의 비행 조종장치 모델링을 바탕으로 피치축과 롤축에 대한 CLS를 구성하고, 조종력 재현장치 제어법칙 설계와 모니터링 S/W 및 실시간 시험평가도구를 포함한 시험평가 및 운용환경 대해 기술하였다. 정적 및 동적시험을 수행하여 실제 대상항공기 데이터와 비교함으로써 개발한 시스템을 검증하였다. This paper represents the development of a CLS(Control Loading System) for a target a airplane (KT-1) with mechanical linkage reversible flight control system. The system is composed of mechanical frame, controller, sensing part to measure the force from the stick, driving system generating the reaction forces. The DS1103 DSP(Digital Signal Processor) of the dSpace Corp. was used as the controller. The control algorithm of the CLS and the operational environment including monitoring software and evaluation tools are described. The evaluation of the system was conducted according to the requirement specification. The results of the test were analyzed by comparing with the actual data of the target airplane.
Ge p-MOSFETs Compatible with Si CMOS-Technology (1999)

High-mobility Ge p-MOSFETs with relaxed
high-quality Ge channel layers directly
grown on silicon substrates by surfactant-
mediated epitaxy (SME) have been
realised. The devices with 30 nm thick
LPCVD gate oxides were fabricated with a
low-temperature self-aligned W-gate
process which is compatible with
conventional Si CMOS technology. The
influence of a Si cap layer with 0 to 10 11m
thickness on top of the Ge channel layer
under the gate oxide was investigated
yielding a strong increase of saturation
transconductance and effective p-channel
mobility with decreasing cap layer thickness.
For 2 nm Si cap layer devices the
intrinsic saturation transconductance
reached a maximum of 46 mSlmm (at LG =
1 J.Il1'l) and an effective p-channel mobility
value of 31 0 cm21Vs at large gate voltages,
which exceeds the mobilities of any pMOSFET
fabricated on a silicon substrate
Role of coagulase in a murine model of hematogenous pulmonary infection induced by intravenous injection of Staphylococcus aureus enmeshed in agar beads (1997)

We describe a novel mouse model of acute staphylococcal pneumonia induced by intravenous injection of Staphylococcus aureus enmeshed in agar beads. For comparison, we also used various strains of bacteria, including three strains of S. aureus, two strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, one strain of Streptococcus pyogenes, three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and one strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. All except two strains of S. aureus were cleared rapidly from the lungs. When S. aureus NUMR1 enmeshed in agar beads was injected intravenously, the organisms concentrated and remained in the lung for a period longer than several weeks. Multiple lung abscesses were evident macroscopically, and histological examination of the infected lung showed multiple lung abscesses around the pulmonary arterioles, consisting of bacterial colonies encircled with fibrin filaments and surrounded by inflammatory cells of neutrophils and macrophages. When 14 strains of clinically isolated S. aureus were injected intravenously, the number of bacteria recovered from the lung tissue 7 days after infection correlated with the titer of staphylocoagulase (P < 0.01) but not with the titer of clumping factor. Injection of coagulase-deficient mutant strain DU5843 was associated with a markedly reduced number of viable bacteria isolated from the lung, compared with its coagulase-positive parental strain DU5789. Our results suggest that coagulase may play a role in the development of blood-borne staphylococcal pneumonia in our model. Our animal model is simple and reproducible and resembles blood-borne staphylococcal pneumonia in humans, and it could be useful for investigating the pathogenicity or treatment of staphylococcal pulmonary infection, including infections with methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
Characterization of a Powerful High Affinity Antagonist That Inhibits Biological Activities of Human Interleukin-13 (2001)

Interleukin-13 (IL-13), a predominantly Th2-derived cytokine, appears to play a central pathological role in asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, some parasitic infections, and cancer. We hypothesized that an IL-13 antagonist may have profound therapeutic utility in these conditions. We, therefore, mutagenized human IL-13 in which Glu at position 13 was substituted by a Lys residue. This highly purified recombinant IL-13 variant, IL-13E13K, bound with 4-fold higher affinity to the IL-13 receptor than wild-type IL-13 but retained no detectable proliferative activity on the TF-1 hematopoietic cell line. IL-13E13K competitively inhibited IL-13- and IL-4-dependent TF-1 proliferation. It also inhibited IL-13-induced STAT-6 (signal transduction and activator of transducer-6) activation in immune cells and cancer cells and reversed IL-13-induced inhibition of CD14 expression on human primary monocytes. These results demonstrate that high affinity binding and signal generation can be uncoupled efficiently in a ligand receptor interaction. These results also suggest that IL-13E13K may be a useful antagonist for the treatment of allergic, inflammatory, and parasitic diseases or even malignancies in which IL-13 plays a central role.